LOGO

Water Environment
and Its Management inThailand
Wijarn Simachaya, Ph.D.
Deputy Permanent Secretary
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Presentation Overview
 Ministry Vision and Strategy and other related plans Water pollution situation
 Policy on water pollution control Water pollution management

MoNRE Vision“Main organization in managing
natural resources and theenvironment with people
participation to move towards
green society.”MoNRE Missions
1. Push forward policies, strategies, plans and measures
to conserve, rehabilitate and control the allocation ofnatural resources and the environment uses taking into
consideration the social and economic values.
2. Integrate and coordinate cooperation with civil society
and other stakeholders in the participatory-based
management of natural resources and environment andraising awareness.
3. Strengthen the capabilities and efficiency of natural
resources allocation and environmental management
system and mechanisms

Thailand’s Economic Development
towards Sustainability

Source: NESDB, 2012

National Environmental Quality Management Plan(2012‐2016)

1.. Sustainable
Consumption andProduction: SCP

4. Goodenvironmental
quality for all

2. Sustainable
conservation andrestoration ofnatural resources

5. Resilience to climate change
and natural disasters

3. Environment andGovernance

6. Human development
as a basis for anenvironmentallyresponsible societyResponsibility Area
Inland Water
25 Basins
Coastal Water
2,814 Km.

Water Quality Monitoring
2. Automatic Water
Quality
Monitoring Stations

1. Monitoring by PCD
staffsInland Water
Quality Monitoring
Stations

Total Monitoring 500 Stations
Station- 48 rivers- 4 Lakes

Frequency
times/year

2-4Surface Water Quality
In 2012

Marine Water Quality
In 2012
Very
Deteriorated
DeterioratedFairGoodThai Environmental Regulations on
Water Pollution Control
Main Environmental Law•

The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental
Quality Act, B.E. 2535 (NEQA 1992)

Other Laws related to water pollution control•

The Factories Act B.E. 2535 (1992)•

The Public Health Act B.E. 2535 (1992)•

The Public Cleansing Act B.E. 2535 (1992)•

Determining Plans and Process of Decentralization to Local
Government Organization Act B.E.2542 (1999)•

Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand Act B.E. 2522 (1979)•

Building Control Act B.E. 2522(1979) and B.E. 2535 (1992)•etc.

Regulations under NEQA 1992
1. Water quality standard- Surface Water Quality Standards B.E. 2537 (1994)- Coastal Water Quality Standards B.E. 2537 (1994)- Groundwater Quality Standards B.E. 2543 (2000)
2. Effluent standard- Buildings Effluent Standards B.E. 2537 (1994)- Housing Estates Effluent Standards B.E. 2539 (1996)- Industrial Effluent Standards B.E. 2539 (1996)- Pig Farm Effluent Standards B.E. 2544 (1991)- Gas Station and Oil Terminal Effluent Standard B.E. 2545 (2002)

Regulations under NEQA 1992
2. Effluent standard (Cont.)- Effluent Standard for Coastal Aquaculture B.E. 2547 (2004)- Effluent Standard for Brackish Aquaculture B.E. 2550 (2007)- Effluent Standard for Inland Aquaculture B.E. 2551 (2008)- Fish Pier Effluent Standards B.E. 2549 (2006)- Effluent Standard for Domestic Wastewater Treatment plants
B.E. 2553 (2010)

Building Effluent Standards

Summary of Type and Sizes of Buildings Subject to Effluent Control
Building TypeSize

1. CondominiumA*
500 units or more

2. Hotels

200 rooms or more

3. Dormitories-B*
From 100 to not greaterthan 500 units
From 60 to not greaterthan 200 rooms
250 rooms or moreSummaryof
Typeand

4. Massage parlors (orequivalent)
5. Hospitals
6. Schools, Colleges,Universities, or Institutes

30 beds or more

Sizes

5,000 m2 or moreof
Buildings

From 10 to not greaterthan 30 beds
225,000 m or more From 5,000 to not greaterthan 25,000 m2SubjecttoC
Less than 100 units

D-

E-

Less than 60 rooms--

From 50 to not greater From 10 to notthan 250 rooms
greater than50 rooms
From 1,000 to notgreater than 5,000 m2

8. Department stores
9. Fresh food markets

10. Restaurants and foodshops or food centers

25,000 m2 or more From 5,000 to not greaterthan 25,000 m2
2,500 m2 or more From 1,500 to not greaterthan 2,500 m2
2,500 m2 or more

From 500 to not greaterthan 2,500 m2-----------

7. Government offices,
From 5,000 to not
55,000 m2 or more From 10,000 to not greater
2
than 55,000 mgreater than 10,000 m2
State enterprises,International agencies,Banks, and Office Buildings
EffluentControl-

From 1,000 to not
greater than 1,500 m2
From 250 to not morethan 500 m2

From 500 tonot greaterthan 1,000 m2
From 100 to Less thannot more than 100 m2
250 m2

Policy on Water Pollution Control
Regulatory enforcement of specifying pollution sources



Reduce the amount of wastewater (BOD load) at the origin source

Construct wastewater treatment facilities for where is having
crisis water pollution problem (Promote small treatment plant)

Enhance LGOs to effective management of existing
wastewater treatment systemIssue economic/social measures (Polluter Pay Principal: PPP)Promote the participation of all sectors

Support private sector in co-investing and managing
wastewater (Public-Private Partnership)
LGOs = Local Governent OrganizationsThailand: Water Pollution Management• On-site Wastewater Treatment• Centralized/Cluster Wastewater Treatment System

On-site Wastewater Treatment
 Owners respond for the cost of installation, operationand maintenanceGrey waterBlack water

Only black water is collected to treat by one
cesspool or two cesspool or commercial tank

Percentage of On-site Treatment system

Source: Dulyakasem, S., et. al., 2013. Survey of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System (DEWATs) in Thailand – Urban Areas

Prepared by Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon Faculty of EngineeringMahidol University, THAILANDOn-site Treatment System
 98% of household, only black water is collected to treat
 Low treatment efficiency of black water Black water and Grey water management is the key issue
 Budget for treatment system installation

Problem!!

Targeted Wastewater : Blackwater andGreywater

To sewerage system
Bathing / showering

Seep intogroundToiletKitchen

Septic tank

Screener

Anaerobic filtertank

Grease TrapCesspool tank

Centralized Wastewater Treatment System

Total 101 plants with total
capacity of 3.2 million m3/d

Type of Centralized Wastewater Treatment System
Stabilization Pond (45%)

Aerated Lagoon (16%)

Activated sludge (37%)

Constructed Wetland (2%)

BANGKOK: 7 plants of Wastewater Treatment System

BANGKOK: 7 plants
 Activated Sludge withNutrient Removal
 Total capacity of999,000 m3/d

BANGKOK: under construction plants
 Activated Sludge with Nutrient Removal
 Capacity of 120,000 m3/d
 Underground system

Effluent Standard for Domestic Wastewater Treatment plants
B.E. 2553 (2010)

Parameters

UnitRange or Maximum Permitted Values-5.5 – 9.0

mg/L

20
( measured as Filtrate BOD in caseof stabilization pond/oxidation pond )3. Suspended Solids

mg/L

30
(50 in case of stabilization
pond/oxidation pond )4. Fat, Oil andGrease

mg/L

5

5. Total Nitrogen

mgN/L

20

6. Total Phosphorus

mgP/L

2

1. pH
2. Biochemical
Oxygen DemandChallenge: THAILAND, Water Pollution ManagementBlackwater and Greywater management at the originsourceMonitoring control of wastewater discharge fromspecifying pollution sources

Allocation budget for construction of wastewater
treatment facilities

Effective operation and maintenance of domestic
treatment system by LGOs

Wastewater fee collection

Thank Youหน้ าที่ 30