Summary of the Workshop
Tetsuo Kuyama (WEPA Secretariat)
Manager (Water Resource Management)
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies

1What is the fact NOT identified?

For the future discussion about problem solution,
following fact is needed.
• What is the status of compliance regarding
industrial wastewater quality standards in WEPA
countries?
• If there is a gap between the standard and its

compliance, what is the reason for this?
• What is the type of industry (andpollutants)commonly issued in the respect ofwastewater management among WEPA countries?
2

The purpose of yersterday’s session

Industrial Wastewater Management in
Asian countries
The purpose of today’s session
To have an overview of monitoring methods andstate of compliance regarding wastewater quality
standards. Industries which face challenges inmeeting those standards will be highlighted. The
status and issues for those industries will beshared, and the next steps will be discussed.
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The contents of WEPA country’s presentation

Overview of industrial wastewater regulations- The existing types of industrial wastewater quality
standards (if they exist) and their outlines (Basis forregulation, target industries, target pollutants)- Industrial wastewater quality monitoring methods (e.g.
self‐monitoring by industries, monitoring by publicentities)- Challenges in monitoring- The situation of compliance regarding industrial
wastewater quality standards and industries which facechallenges in compliance
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The contents of WEPA country’s presentation

Situation and challenges for the problematic
industries and countermeasures- Overview of the problematic industry- Impact to the environment of wastewater emitted fromthe respective industry- The reason for non‐compliance of the respective
industry and the problematic pollutant(s)- Current mitigation measures and the problems therein- Technologies and needs for addressing the challenges

5Effluent Water Quality Standard

General Standard + Stringent standard+ Specific standard for specific industry(Different values for different receiving water bodies)Country

Basis for Standard

Structure of Standard

Cambodia• Standard values for 2 different type of receivingbodies

China• 1 integrated standard• 63 industry based standard

Indonesia
JapanWater Quality
Based on Dilution
Ratio• National standard• Prefectural stringent standard• Temporary standard for specific industry

Laos• 1 standard

Malaysia• EQ (Industrial Effluent) Reg 2009
• EQ (Crude Palm Oil ) Reg. 1997
• EQ (Raw Natural Rubber) Reg. 197866

Effluent Water Quality Standard
Country

Basis forStandard

Structure of Standard

Myanmar
Nepal• Generic Standard• Specific Industrial Effluent Standards for 9 industries

Philippine• Effluent Standard (DAO 2016‐8)(Standard values for 4
different type of receiving bodies)• Significant Effluent Quality Parameter for 13 industries

Republic ofKorea
Sri Lanka• National Discharge and Emission Standard• Wastewater Discharge Standard for 3 industryThailand• General Effluent Standard• Specific Effluent Standard for 6 industry• Water Recycle Standard

Vietnam• National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater(Standard value for 2 different type of receiving bodies)• National technical Regulation specific for 10 industries
77Monitoring

Reliability of Result of Monitoring: Issues in some countries
Country

Industry

Cambodia

Local/national government
Monitoring by Local Government (Non‐Chemical)
Monitoring by National government (Chemical Industry)

China
Indonesia
Japan

Monitoring, Recording andStoring result of the monitoring

LaosMalaysia

Request to report the resultOn‐site Inspection
Compliance Inspection (PCD)
Regular Monitoring (ESIA)

Monitoring by Competent
PersonMonitoring by DOE

Nepal

Not authorized monitoring
Considered as a Reference

Monitoring by the Public Entity

Philippine

Self‐Monitoring Report orCompliance Monitoring ReportCompliance Evaluation Report

Thailand

Monitoring Reporting

Monitoring/Inspection by MONRE, MOI

Vietnam

Monitoring
and Reporting
8On‐site Inspection

MyanmarRepublic of Korea
Sri Lanka

899Compliance Ratio
10080％

60
40200

Percentage of Industry Complying with Standard among
Investigated One

1010

Reason for Non‐Compliance

Many Reasons…..should be more analyzed….
Country
Cambodia

Industry• Factory’s owner have to choose the appropriate method or technology for constructing
installation and running their WWTP properly and discharged effluent must conform tonational standard• However, a few of them select only focus on cheap price, old equipment and low cost
operation without qualified operator• Intact, electricity price is higher than neighbor country, so they do not want to run theirWWTP fully.

ChinaIndonesia• Economic reason: some industries are trying to reduce the environmental cost, for thisreason; difficulty in access to finance to get the funding for WWTP
• The capacity of the operators do not assign in WWTP unit
• WWTP do not meet the load capacity of wastewater generated by the industries• Wrong WWTP design• A tight effluent standard for a certain parameter for a certain industry

Japan
LaosMalaysia• Different characteristic of POME
• Factors affecting the quantity and quality of POME produced:• Different batches or day, different oil extraction technique, the quality of the palm fruits,different climate and cropping season• Treatment efficiency• Overflow11 during heavy rain

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Reason for Non‐ComplianceCountry

Industry

Myanmar
Nepal• Most industries are vey older than the act, rule and standards• Country's priority in the industrial development• Industrial contribution to national economy (GDP)• Country’s situation of unemployment• Low priority on environment

Philippine• Low awareness of the industries on the existing law, rules and regulations on wastewater
management• Low awareness of the effect to humans and lives of water pollution• Big investment on the part of industrial establishments to put up to WTF as a result of theinclusion of additional parameters in the new effluent standard• Unavailability of enough space for the construction of WTF or enhancement of existing WTF

Republic ofKorea
Sri Lanka• Economical issues in small and medium enterprises for pollution control, Technology,
Weakness in law enforcement, Willing to apply cleaner technology

Thailand• One general effluent standard can not fit with all type of factories• Only concentration‐based standard• Lack of knowledgeable person for wastewater treatment plant operationVietnam
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What type of industry has issues in wastewater management?

Common Industry: Textile, Dyeing, Leather Tanning, Livestock
Country
Cambodia

Industry
Textile, Dyeing

China
Indonesia

Textile (Jakarta, Bandung)

Japan
Laos
Malaysia

Palm Oil

Myanmar
Nepal

Tanning/Leather, Dyeing, Fermentation/Beverage

Philippine

Livestock Sector

Republic of Korea
Sri Lanka

Rubber, Textile, Tanning

ThailandPetrochemical, ethanol, sugar and cold storage (high risk)
Starch, Textile, Pulp and Paper, Leather Tanning (high polluted)
Small Industry and Community Factory (low capacity)

Vietnam

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Petrochemical, Steel, Food Processing, Paper, Livestock, etc13

Pollutants

still should be investigated….
Country
Cambodia

Industry
COD, BOD, SS

China
Indonesia

COD, BOD. Color (Textile)

Japan
Laos
Malaysia

Nutrient (Palm Oil)

Myanmar
Nepal

BOD, COD, Chemical

Philippine
Republic of Korea

BOD, COD, SS (70‐80 ‘s), TN, TP (90 ‘s), Heavy Metal/Toxic
Organics (00’s), Micropollutants. EDCs, Pops (10’s)

Sri Lanka
Thailand
Vietnam1414

What is the fact NOT identified?

For the future discussion about problem solution,
following fact is needed.
…..still should be investigated• What is the status of compliance regarding
industrial wastewater quality standards in WEPA
countries?
• If there is a gap between the standard and its

compliance, what is the reason for this?
• What is the type of industry (andpollutants)commonly issued in the respect ofwastewater management among WEPA countries?
15

Future Work

Secretariat:• summarize the result of workshop• identify the missing date/information for eachcountry• request focal point/speaker to provide themissing data/information
Focal point/speaker:• review the result of workshop and provide
comment• provide data/information requested bySecretariat
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