November 2015

AHPNW
NEWSLETTER

All in Autumn!!!
CONTENTS
1. Related News (General, Policy, Technology, Market and Others)
2. Dissemination of Systems to Use Sewage Heat Energy and Future Prospects(Japan)

Related News

GENERAL■ ICR2015 was held at Yokohama
Japan
Yokohama hosted the 24th International
Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) International
Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2015) from
August 16 to 22, 2015. Seamlesslyorganized by the Japan Society ofRefrigerating
andAir
Conditioning
Engineers (JS-RAE), ICR2015 was therefrigeration event of the year and a firstfor Japan.
Held just once every four years, ICR events
are highlights in the refrigeration world, andICR2015 was no exception. With a varied
program encompassing plenary presentations, technical summary lectures andposters covering all refrigeration fields,
technical tours providing an insight into
cutting edge technology applied in Japan,
and attractive accompanying persons'activities
enabling
participantstoexperience several aspects of Japaneseculture, ICR2015 more than lived up to allparticipants'
expectations.
ICR2015
attracted 1,183 participants from 56
countries, along with 98 Public Forum
participants, and featured almost 750
presentations in 11 parallel sessions.
Source; JARN ,September 25, 2015

MARKET & POLICY■ Reviewof the Global Air
Conditioner Market in the First
Half of 2015(Asia)
The Southeast Asian market varies bycountry. The growing middle classboosted growth in the RAC segment. It isestimated that the entire Southeast Asian
air conditioner market will see 9.8% yearon-year growth.

Indonesia
Temperatures were high in January
and February, leading to rapid growth in
the RAC market, although growth slowedin March. Sales in May fell by 7% year on

year. However, during the January—June
period, the Indonesian RAC market
recorded 8.2% growth.
Owing to shrinking export volumes and a
5% year-on-year depreciation in the rupiah,
the country experienced rising commodity
prices, resulting in uncertainty over the
future and curtailed consumer appetites.
Rising pressure on investment was an
added drag on the local economy, and anumber of commercial construction projects
have been postponed. The cost of importing
packaged air conditioners (PACs) rose
dramatically, causing a 15% drop in themarket.
The Indonesian market was dominated bycooling-only air conditioners, and thepenetration rate of inverter air conditioners islower than in neighboring countries. With thegrowing middle class, inverter air conditioners
enjoy untapped market potential. All
mainstream brands in Indonesia now feature
inverter air conditioners in their productportfolios.

ThailandIt has been more than one year since themilitary coup last May, and the market has
gradually recovered. The Thai air
conditioner market in the first half of 2015
recorded 2.1% year-on-year growth, with
PAC growth standing at 7.5%. Future
market prospects are not optimistic,
however, due to the worsening economic
bubble in the local market.
The Electricity Generating Authority ofThailand (EGAT) has improved theefficiency of electric appliances launched in2015 with a grade 5 rating by applying
global testing standards. The Seasonal
Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) is adopted
for grade 5 inverter air conditioners.

VietnamThe Vietnamese air conditioner market
has made great strides forward in the firsthalf of 2015 compared with other markets inSoutheast Asia thanks to seasonable
weather and favorable economic conditions.
The
countryhas
seen
scorchingtemperatures in all major cities since thebeginning of April.
RAC sales increased by 18.5% year on

Related News

year, and PAC sales saw 21.1% year-onyear growth. Southern Vietnam is dominatedby cooling-only air conditioners, while thenorthern region mainly sees heat pump air
conditioners. In addition to big cities withstrong market potential, markets surrounding
big cities have also started to grow thanks tothe country's large young demographic.
Expensive electricity rates in Vietnam
have boosted market growth for inverter air
conditioners. The share of inverter air
conditioners is higher than in neighboring
countries, taking 20% of the total market.
Inverters are especially popular in the two
key cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh.

Malaysia
Implementation of the Goods andServices Tax (GST) from April 1, 2015,
caused a spike in air conditioner sales inMarch. After the GST was implemented in
April, air conditioner demand fell sharply in
Malaysia. Commodity prices also rose at
this time, which further diminishedconsumer appetites for RACs. According tostatistics from GfK, the Malaysian RAC
market saw 20% year-on-year growth inMarch; however, this growth rate fell by
30% in April and the market has been limping along since then. Malaysia boasts a
RAC penetration rate as high as 64%. The
market therefore contains less untappedmarket potential. PAC sales in the first halfof 2015 were flat year on year.
Malaysia postponed implementation of
its original R22 air conditioner phase-out
plan from this July to December, causing
minor chaos in the industry. R22 air
conditioners reportedly saw hot sales inJune. Daikin launched R32 RACs in
Malaysia in October 2014.

India
Many Indian companies complained
aboutlower-than-expectedbusiness
performance in the first half of this year.
Mild weather in April impeded sales
growth until the beginning of scorchingtemperatures in May, but temperatures
dropped down again in June with thearrival of the monsoon.
Indian air conditioner market growth in

the first half of 2015 is estimated at 6%,
far below industry expectations. PAC
growth was slightly higher than the same
period of last year. Ceiling cassette indoor
units are often used for PACs.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)plans to introduce a mandatory energy
labeling
schemeforinverterair
conditioners in 2018.

South Korea
The South Korean Ministry of Strategy
and Finance downgraded its projectedeconomic growth rate for 2015 from 3.8%
to 3.1%. Public works projects have been
declining, but the private housing market
has begun to show brisker activity.
RAC sales have decreased by asignificant 40%. For indoor units, floorstanding types are still popular and take a
60% share. Smart RACs are also popular
in South Korea.
In the commercial air conditioner
segment, VRF is the mainstream product.
VRF posted 10% year-on-year sales
growth while PAC sales decreased 10%.
Source; JARN, August 25, 2015

■Japanese Air Conditioner

Sales in the First Half of2015
According to the data from the Japan
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry
Association (JRAIA), domestic Japanese
shipments of room air conditioners (RACs)
in the first half of 2015 recorded 4,272,498
units, down 10.9% from the same period of
the previous year.
RAC shipments dropped sharply during
the period from January to April 2015, down
22%, 24.3%, 14.4%, and 14.8%, respectively,from the same months of the previous year.
These drops occurred mainly due to thereaction to the spike in demand prior to theconsumption tax increase that went into
effect April 1, 2014.
From May to July this year, temperature
trends in Japan changed month by monthand RAC shipments changed month byRelated News

month accordingly. This May was visited bya spell of record-breaking heat in Japan. In
Tokyo, the average of daily high temperatures for May was the highest recorded
during the past 140 years. Domestic
shipments in May were favorably influenced
by the hot weather and regained positive
growth of 1.9%. In June, however,temperatures did not rise due tounseasonably cool weather. Domestic
shipments slowed down, recording a 4.3%
drop.
After the end of Japan's rainy season
was announced in July, Japan was visitedby intense summer heat waves, andconsumers flocked to the air conditioner
floors of retail chains. Shipments thenbegan to show signs of a full-scale recovery.
According to the three-month forecast
through October announced by theMeteorological Agency, temperatures will
be similar to or higher than normal years inmost parts of Japan. The RAC sales race istherefore expected to last for longer thanusual. Replacement demand is also
expected to be relatively strong going into
the second half of this year.
RAC demand tends to be greatly affectedby summer weather. In recent years,
however, heat pump RACs have become
accepted as heating equipment in winter inmainly Japanese mild climate regions. Manufacturers have been developing heat pump
RACs with improved heating capacity andretailers have been promoting sales of theseproducts year- round at RAC sales floors.
RACs now tend to be used for a longer period of time.
Thanks to those favorable reasons, total
shipments of RACs for the year may reach
8-8.5 million units, continuing to top 8
million units for six consecutive years.
Source; JARN, September 25, 2015

■ Promotion Policies for Heat
Pump Industry
According to the Ministry of Environmental
Protection, the China's central government
has allocated RMB 26.3 billion (US$ 4 billion)
to prevent and control the air pollution during
the last three years. In addition to thefinancial input, the air pollution classification
has also been established and improved.
With the policy support, the clean energy
industry such as the air-source heat pump industry is ready for rapid development.
Several local governments released aseries of heat pump water heater promotion
policies and standards recently. By the endof May 2015, heat pump water heaters had
been included in the mandatory or
recommended policies or standards ofmany provincial and city governments, suchas Fujian Province Green building DesignStandard', `Guangdong Province GreenLow-carbon Building Technologies andProduct Catalog', 'Hubei Province Building
Energy-saving Products, Technologies and
New Wall Materials Application Directory','Hunan Provincial Government
Procurement Catalog of Resource-saving
and Environment-friendly Products', and`Jiangxi Province Green Hospital Building
Evaluation Criteria'.
Qingdao City government announced the'Regulation of Implementing the Qingdao City
Policies on Promoting the Development ofClean Energy Heating' recently. Each clean
energy heating project may receive up to
RMB 30 million (US$ 4.7 million) subsidy. The
regulation went into effect on August 20, 2015
and will end on December 31, 2017.
Source; JARN, October 25, 2015

OTHERS■HPTCJ Receives the 2nd

redrik Setterwall Award
The Heat Pump and Thermal Storage
Technology Center of Japan (HPTCJ),
nominated by the Japanese government tobe a participant in the Implementing
Agreement on Energy Conservation throughEnergy Storage of the International Energy
Agency(IEA), is carrying out international
research activities in collaboration withresearchers at universities and companies
in order to promote the development anddiffusion of Japan's thermal storage

Related News

technologies.
Now, in recognition of the HPTCJ's
achievements concerning thermal storage
technologies realized in close collaboration
with industry, the HPTCJ was awarded thesecond Fredrik Setterwall Award at Greenstock Conference 2015 held in Beijing,
China, in May this year.

Prof. Yamaha, Chubu University receives
an award on behalf of HPTCJ

Source; JARN, July 25, 2015

Dissemination of Systems to Use Sewage Heat Energy and
Future Prospects

Masaki Nakao, Extraordinary Professor of Osaka City University
Yasuhisa Nakaso, Manager in charge of Customer Relations Division, the Kansai ElectricPower Company

ABSTRUCT

Heat pumps using unused heat sources, such as river water, sewage andgroundwater etc., attract attention as a key technology for energy conservation as arenewable energy technology. This paper shows the benefits of these unused heatsources, combined with the principle of the heat pump system. And also, although
the heat pump system using a heat of raw sewage has not been popular so far
because of the handling difficulties, a new technology with screen device and heatexchanger for sewage has developed, the outline of this system will be introduced
here.
KEY WORDS: Water heat source, Sewage heat, Sewage heat utilization systems
1.

Introduction

Heat pumps using renewable energy attract attention as a key technology for energy
conservation in the utilization of heat. Because of the mechanism employing a refrigeration
cycle (Figure 1), the closer the temperature of the intended use and the temperature of heatsource are, a greater efficiency is achieved in principle, hence, the selection of a heat source
is important. Also, in addition to the temperature level, it is essential whether to obtain arequired heat quantity with the least loss (the power for heating medium supply or adifference in temperature with the refrigerant for heat pump) (Figure 2).
From a standpoint of convenience, using the atmosphere as a heat source isadvantageous, as it is easily accessible from any locations. If a required amount of water isobtained directly as a heat source, however, a “water heat source” is advantageous for theoperation of a larger heat pump system, since water is 1,000 times greater than air in density.
Moreover, a temperature difference between refrigerant and water at the time of heatexchange becomes smaller compared to air. Thus, a water heat source is effective for
ensuring a large capacity and improving performance.
Figure 3 shows the relations between renewable energy and the unused heat sources.
Also, various water heat sources that can be utilized as a heat source are listed on the top of
the right column of unused heat sources. Accessible heat sources are available in the places
unexpectedly close to us, including the groundwater, river water, factory effluent, sewage
water, etc. Obviously, heat recovery from manufacturing processes is effective as well.
By the way, when looking around the world, we found that relations between types andforms of the unused heat sources and heat demand vary widely by regions. Since thetemperature of the unused heat sources, excluding artificial ones, are susceptible to themeteorological conditions and easiness of access to heat sources is different, as shown inFigure 4, selection of a heat source must be made in individual cases.
2.

Improvement of utilization efficiency of heat pumps and positioning of sewage
heat

As to sewage heat, our main topic, we find slightly different situations in Tokyo or Osakavs. Sapporo or Sendai, etc. even we see the relations between monthly average airtemperatures and the sewage water temperatures in the cities of Japan only, as shown in
Figure 5. Namely, the sewage water temperatures in Sapporo, Sendai, etc. are “cooler insummer and warmer in winter” compared to air temperatures, as it has been pointed out,
while the sewage water temperatures are higher than the air temperatures at night in Tokyo,
Osaka, etc. However, the air temperatures have risen in the cities where heat island
phenomena are intensified. Thus, the advantages as a heat source for air conditioning insummer are growing.
The research and development project on the utilization of sewage heat was carried out
for four years between 2010 and 2014 by Osaka City University, Chuo Fukken Consultants
Co., Ltd., Sogo Setsubi Consulting Co., Ltd. and the Kansai Electric Power Company withfinancial assistance from NEDO (hereinafter referred to as “NEDO Sewage Heat Research”),
which will be shown later, in order to focus on the development of utilization for hot watersupply, because the research activities were based in Osaka. Application of sewage heat tomeet the air conditioning demand in the cold regions is also effective. Highly efficient, large
systems are already in operation in Makuhari Shintoshin area and Shibaura Water
Reclamation Center where the treated water is used as heat source.
The NEDO Sewage Heat Research started with an in-depth survey on heat potential of
sewage water. The relations between average air temperature and sewage watertemperature in Osaka are shown in Figure 6 below. The sewage flow varies greatly hour byhour, depending on what kind of buildings are in the upstream of the sewage conduits. For
example, in the case of thermal storage hot water supply using nighttime electricity service, it
is important to know when a heat pump is in operation and the status of necessary sewage
flow in the nighttime when the heat pump operates.
Also, though omitting detailed explanation of calculation methods, heat utilization potentialof sewage water in Osaka is shown in Figure 6 above. As indicated in this figure, an
unexpectedly large amount of heat sources exist under our feet in the cities where we live.
3.

Forms and methods of utilizing sewage heat

Various methods to use sewage heat are shown in Figure 7. The treated sewage water
shown in this figure is easier to handle, compared to the untreated sewage water. Generally,large volumes of sewage water are treated. Accordingly, there are few problems related to
the water volume. However, its use is restricted in the areas near the sewage treatment
plants.
On the other hand, in the case of the untreated sewage water, the areas available for
utilization of heat expand and the heat can be extracted from the locations near the installed
heat sources. Accordingly, the construction cost, power for heat conveyance and heat loss
are expected to be reduced. However, there are problems related to handling the untreatedsewage water, i.e., in particular, degradation of heat transfer performance of a heatexchanger due to contamination by organic materials and microbes as well as the recovery
of its performance. In addition, water flow becomes smaller in the upstream of sewage
conduits. Depending on the types of buildings in the upstream areas, it is difficult to obtainnecessary water flow at a necessary timing. Therefore, when we think about utilization of theheat from the untreated sewage water, we need to know in advance the water collection
system in the sewage conduits near utilization locations, sewage temperature and sewage

flow in each season and each hour.
4.

Situations in Japan and overseas

In the research on utilization of sewage heat by NEDO in the past, utilization of sewage
heat both in Japan and overseas was surveyed in order to avoid technical challenges andrework (Figure 8). Various types are under development or in use in the overseas countries,
compared with Japan.
The systems that employ the treated sewage water as a heat source in Japan include the
district heat supply system in Makuhari, air conditioning systems at sewage water treatment
plant site in Tokyo and others. In other countries, such cities as Zurich, Switzerland (Figure9) and Helsinki, Finland (Figure 10) are operating large-scale district heat supply systems.
These systems are not much different from those introduced in Japan (Figure 8 above).
However, the district heat supply system in a suburb of Zurich (Figure 11) that is temperaturechangeable only in winter season is an advanced system newly designed in conjunction withbuilding expansion. Such an advanced system is not yet in place in Japan.
On the other hand, regarding utilization of the treated sewage water as a heat source, weknow some examples, including a case in the athletes’ village in Whistler, Canada (Figure12) and a few cases in Switzerland (Figure 13 left, Figure 14), where the locations using heat
are scattered and dispersed, hence, the treated sewage water is utilized after heat exchange
as heat source water for heat pump equipment. In district heat supply systems, as the heatloss increases as conduits are extended, the network utilization of heat source water for heatpumps can be recognized as a new form of extended use of energy. Such a type has notbeen introduced yet in Japan. In particular, the recently completed system in a suburban
district of Zurich (Figure 14) realizes labor saving, cost reduction and compactification.
Then, regarding direct utilization of the treated sewage water, we know two cases inJapan, i.e., in Koraku (Tokyo) and Morioka, where such water is utilized as a heat source for
district heat supply (Figure 8 below). In respect of utilization of the untreated sewage water
as a heat source, Germany and Switzerland are the leading countries in this field (Figure 15).
In Switzerland, the Ministry of Energy provides support to NPOs that promote the diffusion ofrenewable energy technology. In Germany, some of more than 800 urban corporations
responsible for the management of community infrastructure throughout the country promotesewage heat utilization under assistance from the Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature
Protection and Nuclear Safety. We have visited Germany and Switzerland for a survey
mission, where we saw active exchanges taking place between the German speaking
researchers in Switzerland and the German researchers. The guidebooks for sewage heatutilization, whose contents are almost similar, are published by the German Federal Ministry
for Environment and the Switzerland Ministry of Energy.
At a research meeting on sewage heat utilization in Berlin, to which we visited on anotheroccasion, we saw the operation of a system using a “built-in-the-field type” sewage heatexchanger that employs a nested structure of large-diameter steel conduits, as well as asystem developed by a German company Huber that houses a heat exchanger in a container(Figure 16). So far, we have introduced some of domestic and overseas cases andorganized the forms of utilization with a focus on the relations between heat sources andeach demand (Figure 17).
5.

Details of the project sponsored by NEDO

As we mentioned at the beginning, the research and development project on the utilizationof sewage heat was carried out for four years between 2010 and 2014 by Osaka City
University, Chuo Fukken Consultants Co., Ltd., Sogo Setsubi Consulting Co., Ltd. and theKansai Electric Power Company with financial assistance from NEDO (NEDO Sewage Heat

Research). From a viewpoint of developing new markets and solving technical problems in
the less popular areas, development work was implemented with a goal of cost reduction,
while focusing on hot water supply with anticipating a capacity of 30 to 500 kW per location
with using the untreated sewage water as a heat source.
Surprisingly, the detailed data of heat transfer characteristics on various materials andheat transfer surfaces in the untreated sewage water, including performance degradation
associated with outgrowth of biofilms (biological membranes), have not been collected. The
layout of the experimenting system installed in Chishima Sewage Treatment Plant, Osaka,
and its photos are shown in Figure 18 left. In such an experimenting environment, inside-ofconduit type and outside-of-conduit type heat exchangers (Figure 19) as well as low-cost,compact pumping screen (Figure 20) which is indispensable for an outside-of-conduit typeheat exchanger were researched and developed. The advantages and disadvantages ofeach developed item and the detailed heat transfer performance will be noted on a future
opportunity.
In terms of system simplicity, inside-of-conduit type heat exchangers are better, since they
have no moving parts. If a larger capacity is required, outside-of-conduit type heatexchangers will be a choice. As for the outside-of-conduit type heat exchangers, the falling
liquid film type, shown in Figure 19, is significantly superb in heat exchange rate and its
performance degradation is relatively small, thanks to the cleaning effect of the untreatedsewage water flowing on the surface of heat transfer conduit. The appearance and a chart ofheat transfer characteristics are shown in Figure 18 right. Also, its pairing pumping screen isfitted with an automatic cleaning function, thus, a product that can be housed in a standard
manhole with a diameter of 1,200 mm has successfully been developed.
6.

Features of Japanese products

The Japanese industry is good at manufacturing high-performance, mass-produced
products. If performance requirements for a product are given, we can expect highperformance, highly functional products from the Japanese industry. As in the case of
cynically called Galapagos cell phones, many Japanese products incorporating rarely usedfunctions or performance more than required, contrasted with the smartphones of worldwide
common specifications, could not become mainstream products. When we see even the
products for which Japan once pioneered the market, we find many cases where Japan isdefeated in the competition with China, Taiwan or South Korea. Sometimes Japan lags
behind in planning expertise or the move toward software-focused products as seen in casesof the advanced western companies. But, why is Japan fallen behind the Asian countries?
Some people insist that the Asian companies who are leaders in a certain industry analyze
the Galapagos products developed by Japanese companies through reverse engineeringand reconstitute them by eliminating unnecessary functions, or by bold investments, andthen they ensure their competitiveness.
While turning our eyes to the systems, mainly toward those in Europe we are introducing
here, we see that most of the systems with a capacity of over several hundred kW have heatpumps consisting of individual components such as compressor or heat exchanger. Somesystems employ ammonia as refrigerant. The system itself is a product made to order, which
evaluates properly the requirement level or reliability level of each part in the system andspends enough money where necessary, while cutting corners in a good sense where costs
can be reduced. Also, the data for performance evaluation are traceable in preparation forthe occurrence of malfunction. In many cases, the engineers called “rack builders” areresponsible for them.
On the other hand, heat pump package products manufactured by the Japanese makers
are often employed in each building, including heat source water network. For wider use of
the Japanese products, development of highly flexible products that can satisfy the needs ofvarious countries is desirable, not to mention low price and high performance. In order tomeet such needs, we believe that it is important to provide the designers and engineers with
the information including the cases of product introduction and tap into system engineering ineach country.
7.

Measures to promote diffusion by preparing potential maps

As flow volume in sewage conduits is used in designing a sewage heat utilization system,a method is required to measure or estimate a flow volume in conduits where sewage heatutilization is planned. Figure 20 shows a concept to estimate flow volume at a manhole
where heat utilization is planned, based on the existing measurement values of a sewage
pumping plant. The figure shows a method to estimate by using a total floor area of thebuildings in water catchment area. Also, sewage flow volume per unit time by types ofbuildings can be used.

Total floor area, Sx, ofbuildings in water
catchment area for
estimation
Location and flow
volume for
estimation
Total floor area, Sm,of buildings in water
catchment area formeasurement

Flow volume to bemeasured on fine day

Figure 21:

Sewage flow volume estimation method

A method to prepare sewage heat potential maps was developed in a joint project of the
Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
Sewage heat potential maps show a usable amount of sewage heat in conduits. The map
preparation manual will be utilized as a tool to increase the opportunity of utilizing sewage
heat and provide assistance to planning and design by each local government.
Though Figure 4 is just an example of calculation to suggest a study image, it shows that
the City of Osaka has a network of trunk sewage conduits with a total length of about 250 km,
which has a potential worth some one fourth of the total district heat supply capacity in Japan.
If conduits with a lower level sewage heat potential are included, we can say that thepotential for heat utilization in the facilities near conduits is huge.

Conduits with a potential of
5 GJ/h or more

This is just an example tosuggest a study image andis not used forconsideration of actual
system introduction.

Figure 22:

8.

Example of estimation of a potential for sewage heat utilization in trunk sewage
conduits of cities

Future prospects based on institutional reform

Diffusion of sewage heat utilization systems with a capacity of 30 to 500 kW, using theuntreated sewage water as a heat source, developed by us, is yet to begin in Japan. As of2011 when NEDO started research activities, the untreated sewage water was allowed to use,
only if it is pumped up in the special areas under the Act on Special Measures concerning
Urban Renaissance. Then, following the research activities jointly with the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and other efforts, the ministry that also supervises
sewage networks continued study work and formed a committee to study utilization of
sewage heat. And, employment of a pumping system was permitted as it was mentioned in
the utilization plan in accordance with Low Carbon City Promotion Act. In 2015, a revision
made to the Sewage Act enables commercial operators to use sewage heat by installing
inside-of-conduit type heat exchangers.
Also, the committee has approved preparation of maps of potential sewage heat utilizationin each city of Japan as well as implementation of feasibility study by the local governmentsthat consider sewage heat utilization. Our research and study group has conducted several
studies for introduction in the actual cases and intends to continue activities toward new
introduction.

Asian Heat Pump Thermal Storage Technologies Network
To promote energy savings and combat global warming, there is an urgent need to spread efficientheat pump and thermal storage technologies on the demand side. Countries in Asia, which areenjoying rapid economic growth, should coordinate with one another to spread this technology.
Five to ten years from now, Asia will become a global economic powerhouse and heat pumptechnologies will play a considerable role in all sectors. Asian countries will therefore need toaddress common issues and problems that have already been faced in Europe and North America.
Concerning the building of connections and networks among countries, it is essential to share
information on diffusion policies, technology trends, applications, etc., and then to make incremental
improvements. Further, situations which can or should be handled through collaboration should be
handled flexibly, on a case-by-case basis, with the collaboration of all countries.
In order to encourage the use and development of heat pump and thermal storage technologies in
Asian countries we have established AHPNW in 2011.

Participating Countries and Entities
CHINA: China Academy of Building Research (CABR)INDIA: The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)JAPAN: Heat Pump and Thermal Storage Technology Center of Japan (HPTCJ)KOREA: Korea Testing Laboratory (KTL)VIETAM: Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST)THAILAND: King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT)

Please visit our website for more information.
⇒http://www.hptcj.or.jp/e/ahpnw/tabid/571/language/en-US/Default.aspx

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