WEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Industrial Wastewater Management in
WEPA Member Countries

Yatsuka Kataoka, Pham Ngoc Bao, Tetsuo Kuyama
Freshwater SubgroupNatural Resources and Ecosystem Services Area (NRE)
Institute for Global Environment Strategies (IGES)

Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSIONWEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Outline of Today’s Presentation
 Background of industrial wastewater
management in WEPA countries
 Introduction of industrial wastewater surveys Findings and discussion from the surveys
 Action needed to address the challenges
identified from the surveys – and linkages to 3rd
Phase of WEPA Activities

Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSION2WEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Background of Industrial Wastewater Management in WEPA Countries


Rapid industrialization and urbanization appears to beassociated with rapid environmental degradations andgreat pressures on the natural resources.
Industrial wastewater has been identified as one ofmajor causes of water pollution.
It has been evidenced that industrial wastewater hascaused negative impacts to water environment inseveral WEPA countries such as in China, Lao PDR,Vietnam.
3Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSIONWEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Background of Industrial Wastewater Management in WEPA Country

Most of WEPA countries have made great progressand established their own industrial wastewater
management system.
However, due to lacking of information related toindustrial wastewater, thus the government
monitoring, control and enforcement ofenvironmental regulations is still inadequate in manycountries.
4

Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSIONWEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Introduction of Industrial Wastewater Surveys in WEPA Countries


Critical factor for developing an effective industrial wastewater
management strategy is the availability and accessibility ofinventory data.
Inventory information is used to describe the facility’s
wastewater, development of potential management strategies,
selection of appropriate wastewater treatment technologies,
and inventory development of national greenhouse gas
inventory, etc.

5Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSIONWEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Introduction of Industrial Wastewater Surveys in WEPA Countries

Under a WEPA discussion topic “Water Environmental
Governance” as a follow‐up of the framework analysis of water
environmental management conducted in 2011.

Interviews and Questionnaire survey related to industrial
wastewater inventory were conducted during the 2nd phase ofWEPA activities (FY2012 & FY2013)

6Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSIONWEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Introduction of Industrial Wastewater Surveys in WEPA Countries

Objectives:

Identify the current frameworks, practices and especiallychallenges found in each stage of the implementation flow
(Through Literature review and Interviews ‐ FY 2012).
Availability and accessibility of inventory data related toindustrial wastewater management in all WEPA partnercountries(Through Questionnaire and Field surveys ‐ FY 2013).
Findings from the interviews and surveys will be a basis oflessons‐learning and knowledge sharing, as well as fordiscussions on the future WEPA activities during its 3rd phase. 7

Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSIONWEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

WEPA Partner Countries in the Surveys in FY 2013
In 2013
Questionnaire have been sent to all WEPA
partner countries, BUT the only COUNTRIES
below have ANSWERED FOR THE
QUESTIONNAIRE.

1. CAMBODIA
2. NEPAL
3. SOUTH KOREA
4. SRI LANKA
5. PHILIPPINES86. THAILAND
Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSIONWEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Questionnaire Surveys in FY 2013
The following issues have been considered in our questionnaire:(i)Availability of inventory data of industrial wastewater at national level, basin levelor specific administrative areas or specific industrial zones/parks/estates.
(ii)How to use/utilize the inventory data in policy making or policy implementation.
(iii)Cost of inventory development.
(iv)Governmental or non-governmental agencies, which are in-charged ofmaintaining the inventory.
(v)Availability and accessibility of any statistics about industrial sector.
(vi)Any other critical issues or areas related to industrial wastewater management.

Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

9

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSIONWEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Initial Findings from the Interviews in FY 2012
PART 1: Challenges of implementing industrial wastewater management-Overlapping of laws/regulations related to industrial wastewater;
weak punishment system against non-compliance-Too stringent effluent standards, …

- No official
monitoring/measurement methods- Number and profiles offactories/business entities
registered/approved are not wellrecorded, …

- Insufficient number, capacity, facility of authorities
to check effluent discharged from factories to verify
the status of compliance, especially at local level, ….

- Unclear responsibilities/wealcoordination among relevant
agencies, …

Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSION

10WEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Initial Findings from the Interviews in FY 2012
PART 1: Challenges of implementing industrial wastewater management

Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSION11WEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Initial Findings from the Surveys in FY 2013
PART 2: Questionnaire and Field Surveys
Availability of information related to inventory of industrial wastewater

TARGET
COUNTRIES

Inventory data

Cambodia

Only available at specific areas

Philippines

Available at national, basin level andspecific areas/industries

Nepal
Sri Lanka

ThailandSouth Korea

Pham Ngoc Bao

N/a

Purposes of using inventory data
Estimation of discharging industrial
effluent (both quality and quantity) toensure meeting national legislations
before discharging into receiving
sources
For regulation, monitoring andplanning purposes. To determine thecompliance of the industry relative tothe Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
(Republic Act No. 9275)

Cost of inventory
development

In-charged governmental
or non-governmental
agencies or institutes

Government budget as
proposed by the Ministry ofEnvironment (MoE)

Department. of Environmental
Pollution Control of the MoE,
through the Office of Waterand Soil Quality Management

Government budget

The Department ofEnvironment and Natural
Resources through theEnvironmental Management
Bureau (EMB)

N/a

N/a

N/a

Only available at industrial zone level

N/a

N/a

N/aAvailable at basin level and specificareas/industries

As a basis for making standard.
In other areas, as information forpolicy making such as loading control,
control establishment of new
factories/evaluate how effective
pollution control policy.

Funds from government aswell as from international
cooperation such as PRTR
with JICA

Available at national level

To figure out the discharge ofpollutants from industrial wastewater
as a data for policy-making.

Government budget

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

Ministry of Industry

Ministry of Environment(MOE) and National Instituteof Environmental Research(NIER)

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSION

12WEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Initial Findings from the Surveys in FY 2013
Challenges that we faced during the questionnaire and field surveys
Accessibility of information: low willingness to share information, maybe due tothe reason that industrial wastewater management is a quite sensitive issue.
Respondents at the industrial zones/parks/estates are suspicious to share datathat is considered confidential.
Weak coordination among agencies in different sectors, thus it is sometimes noteasy for our focal points in partner countries to obtain information if it is managed by
the other sectoral ministries.
Availability of information: lack of inventory information at both national and local
level in many countries, thus it is not easy to gather/collect all requested information
mentioned in the questionnaire officially from a single ministry or agencies.
Data reliability: Low reliability of existing data, high uncertainty

Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSION13WEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Actions Needed to Address the Challenges in the 3rd Phase of WEPA Activities(i) Request WEPA member countries for their further cooperation in the survey.
(ii) Organizing bilateral and international workshops that can timely transfer
knowledge related to immediate policy needs such as revision of standards
and drafting water pollution control plan.
(iii) Capacity development programs targeted at those who are in charge ofenvironmental management in industrial zones/parks/estates or economic
special zones, and local officials relevant ministries.
(iv) Organizing workshops where private sector and other relevant stakeholders
can transfer their knowledge/experiences of water pollution control in factories
in different countries.
(v) Implementing pilot projects on industrial wastewater inventory in selected
WEPA partner countries, which support the countries to develop an appropriate
method for inventory development.
Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSION

14WEPA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING
IGES Headquarter, Japan – 21st January 2014

Thank you so much for your kindly attention !

Pham Ngoc Bao

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SESSION

15