2013-02-18

INDONESIAN NATIONAL
POLICY & STRATEGYON
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONMANAGEMENT
by:Ir Emah Sudjimah,Ir.
Sudjimah MT
Presented on:
WEPA International Workshop
Siem Reap, Cambodia, 18-20 Feb 2013

KEMENTERIANUMUMINDONESIAMINISTRY OFPEKERJAAN
PUBLIC WORKSWASTEWATER MANAGEMENT FOR
WATER RESOURCES POLLUTION CONTROLIN INDONESIA

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Impact of Inadequate Sanitation Facilites & Improper
Sanitation Behaviour in Indonesia
The potential economic
loss reaches
USD 6.3 billion perannum (2,3% of GDP)
75 % of the rivers areheavily polluted

70% groundwater ispolluted

140.000 tons of feces
per day is polluting
waterbody

50 of 1000 babies diedof diarrhea

1 mg/L BOD5 increases waterproduction cost of IDR 9.17/m3
 Community pays 25% higher
price for water supply.

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Problem & Challenges

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Indonesian Basic Sanitation Status
Proportion of Population with Sustainable Access to Basic Sanitation
80.00

72.54

76.82

69 51
69.51
70.00

72.78
62.40

60.00

55.60

55.55

51.19
50.00

55.54

53.64

38.97

40.00
33.96

38.50
30.00

20.00

24.81
Perkotaan
Urban

10.00

Perdesaan
Rural

11.10

Total
Total
0.00

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MDG’s Target Accomplishment Status
TARGET 7C:

To halve the number of people without access to basic sanitation
facilities by 2015
Indicator (Target 7C)

Baselines(1993)

Formerdata(2009)

Latestdata(2011)

MDG’starget(2015)

Gap to befulfilled
within 3years

7.9

Proportion of householdswith sustainability accessto basic sanitation (in total
urban + non urban)

24,81%

51,19%

55,53%

62,41%

6,88%

7.9.a

Urban area

53,64%

69,51%

72,54%

76,82%

4,28%

7.9.b Non urban area

11,10%

33,96%

38,97%

55,55%

16,58%

Source: BPS, 2012

How to accomplished the target???
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Indonesian National Target for Wastewater Management
National Target of Medium Term Development Plan (2010-2014)
Indonesia
do es a FREE fromo Ope
OpenDefecation through developmentof :‐ Off site sewerage systemcoverage 10% (5% centralizedWWTP + 5% communal WWTP)‐ On site system coverage 90%.

•Indonesia FREE fromOpen Defecation•Centralized WW
treatment in 16 City
•Communal WW
treatment in 226 city

Cities Sanitation Development Acceleration Target
6POLICY AND STRATEGY OF WASTEWATER SECTOR(Minister for Public Works Regulation No.16/PRT/M/2008)
1. Increase both community and private sectors participation in themanagement of wastewater
2. Strengthening institution and improving operator’s capacity related towastewater management
3. Developing regulation related to domestic wastewater management
4. Increasing and developing alternatives of financial resources forsanitation
5. Increase access to wastewater facilities, both on-site and off-site
systems, in urban and rural areas to improve community’s health742013-02-18

Wastewater Management Approach
ApproachCommunity Based

LevelNeighborhood

Adequate
Sanitation:
1. Rural
2. Slum area
On- Site sanitationand Small Scale
Community
Sewerage System(SANIMAS)

Institutional Based
City Wide

Wastewater infrastructure services based on
demand responsive approach Metropolitan & Large Cities
Off site/sewerage system
 Medium & Small Cities- Integrated system of existing on-site
and new off-site sanitation- Improved Septage Treatment Plant(IPLT) and sludge services- Shallow/small bore sewer or small
scale sewerage integrated to municipal
sewage system to support revitalization
program for old cities.

Regional/NationalWastewater
infrastructuresdevelopment
support intercities/region
coordination toprotect watershedfrom human waste
pollution
Clean River
Program(PROKASIH) orsimilar program New Town
- Develop small sewage system for Low
Cost Housing area
- Encourage sewerage development for
new town

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Decentralized Sanitation as A Solution To Fill The
Gap Between Onsite & Offsite System

Source: Adapted from Utomo (2012)95

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PROPORTION ARRANGEMENT ON FINANCING THE
SANITATION DEVELOPMENT
CentralizedSystemNational
BudgetLocal
Budget• WWTP• Primary &SecondaryPipeNetwork• LateralPipes•HouseConnections

Communal System(intermediate)

Could be from:‐ National Budget‐ National + Local Budget‐ Grant‐ LoanOn Site SystemNationalBudget

Local
Budget• Desludging
Truck
• O&M
• LocalRegulation

Individual•Septictank•Desludging
Truck(private)

Septage Treatment Plant
w/ MoU Local Government:•Regulation•Institutional Development Assistance

10SEWERAGE SYSTEM ON 13 METROPOLITAN/ BIG SCALE CITY
IN INDONESIA
Bandung: WWTP Bojongsoang

WWTP Suwung, Bali

Cirebon: WWTP Ade Irma,Kesenden, Perumnas Utara
Yogyakarta: WWTP Sewon
Surakarta: WWTP Mojosongo &Semanggi
Bali: WWTP Suwung
Medan: WWTP Pulo Brayan
Prapat: WWTP Aji Bata
Balikpapan: WWTP Margasari
Banjarmasin: WWTP HKSN,
Lambung Mangkurat, Pekapuran
Raya, Basiri

WWTP Sewon, Yogyakarta

Jakarta: WWTP Setiabudi & Malaka
Sari
Tangerang: WWTP Sukasari
Manado: WWTP Boulevard
Batam: WWTP Batam Center

WWTP on Cirebon

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CITY SCALE SEWERAGE STATUS
OF INDONESIA
Manado ‐Total Capacity: 256.090 m3/day
Total Used: 57,2 %Idle Capacity: 42,8%0/ 2.000
2.440 / 12.560

Banjarmasin
Balikpapan

160 / 640

Denpasar

31.185 / 19.815

DI Yogyakarta

11.082 / 4.418

Surakarta

13,251
13.251 / 10.889

Cirebon9.667 / 10.880

Bandung
Tangerang

58.055 / 22.780

150 / 2.702
2 702

Jakarta…

22.000 / 16.880

Batam

75 / 2.777

Parapat

115 / 1.885

Medan

5.650 / 4.350‐

10,00020,00030,00040,00050,000Used Capacity (M3/day)Idle Capacity (M3/day)

60,00070,00080,00012SEPTAGE TREATMENT IN INDONESIA

On site treatment
 Septicktank(commonly used) Biofilter

Collecting Transport Desludging Truck Desludging MotorbikeSeptage treatment plant 1st treatment
 2nd Treatment: Sludge drying bed

Indonesia have 150 septage treatment plant but 90% of thepunit are not workingg optimal
because of:– Institutional problem– Most of the treatment are not in adequate condition– Low loading input to the treatment system because of:••

Bad quality of septicktank (not waterproof) resulting of
no sludge to be desluge by the transporting unit.
Ilegal direct desludging to the water body137

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PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES•Pro poor orientation in the environmentalsanitation infrastructures development.
•Pro community health improvement andenvironment protection/ conservation.
•Community based development approaches forall of the step of environmental sanitation
infrastructures development and managementmanagement.
•Demand responsive approaches for city wide
environmental sanitation infrastructuresdevelopment.
14Community Based Sanitation
SANIMAS

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WHY SANIMAS?????
Change of theWastewater Management Development Pattern

Old Pattern

New Pattern

TARGETORIENTED

PUBLIC NEEDSORIENTED• Low Public Awareness• The sanitation system
are not sustainable• Community participateddirectly as the buildingcomponent• The sanitation system
become sustainable
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COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION PROGRAM(SANIMAS)

Preconditions:- Urban slums with density > 150
ppe/ha- Constructed with local andrelatively cheap material- Technology is chosen bycommunity with considering local
needs

Basic Principles:- low cost
- efficient- ease in operation andmaintenance- low energy usage- appropriate technology
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COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION (SANIMAS)

Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011

Total Province
6

Total City/Regency

Total Location

628721110365532012480

22108

69

16100

65

17667

38172012

8243182013(planned)
Total(2003‐2012)

344

180

32571

169

3018

Area Requirement► Area of service for 200 – 800 people.
► Areaea witht pphysicalys ca sasanitation
tat o pproblemob e aandd sslum
uarea.
► Available space of 80m2 – 150 m2► Area with water source (PDAM, dug well, springresource) and a sewerage/drainage for waste water.
(drainage system, river, etc).
► Willing to contribute in this project (in cash & inkind)kind).
► Interested to implemented the Community BasedSanitation (SANIMAS).

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SANIMAS STAGES

203 models of URBAN COMMUNITY BASED SANITATIONCOMMUNALSEPTIC TANKSCOMMUNAL
SHALLOW
SEWERS FOR
100 FAMILIESCOMMUNAL
BATH-WASHTOILET Plus ++2111

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CHOSEN COMPONENT
Community Based Sanitation

Choices

Choices

Maintenance &Operation
Component

ChoicesTreatment
Componentt
C

Choices

ToiletComponent

Choices

Disposal/ Reuse
Component

PipingComponent

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TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECT OF SANIMASNoASPECT
1.
Targeted
Wastewater
2.
Applied Technology
3.

Sludge Treatment

4.

Reduction ofPollutants

EXPLANATION
Both Greywater & Blackwater
Usually using Anaerobic Baffled
Biorector & Biodigester
Regular desludging & treated at
septage treatment plantfrom above 200 mg/Liter BOD tolower than 100 mg/Liter BOD)

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COMMUNAL TOILET

Consist of:• Upper Unit
(toilet, bathroom, washing area)• Wastewater Pipes• Treatment Unit (Usually used
Anaerobic Baffled bioreactor /anaerobic biofilter)
Completed with:• Biodigester (produced gas that canbe utilize for cooking and lighting)
Suitable for:- Community without private toilet- Minimum 55 Houselohld  relatedwithinvestment
costperhouseholds

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COMMUNAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

Denpasar, Bali Province
Consist of :• Pipe Network• Treatment Unit (Usually used Anaerobic Baffledbioreactor / anaerobic biofilter)
Completed with:• Private Toilet (not covered on SANIMAS)
Suitable for:• Area with private toilet or the community willing tobuilt private toilet• Area with no space for communal toilet
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TREATMENT UNIT

Anaerobic
BaffledBioreactor

Anaerobic
Biofilter
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GUIDELINES FOR SANIMAS IMPLEMENTATION•Guidelines book for
SANIMAS established byMinistry of Public Works.

•The guidelines consist of all
stages of SANIMAS
Implementation•The guidelines distributed
among stakeholders andfacilitator.

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MANAGEMENT ASPECT OF SANIMASRESPONSIBILITIESCENTRAL
GOVERNMENTLOCALGOVERNMENT

•••••
•

Socialization of SANIMAS Program.
Facilitator Training
Assistance for The Community Workplan Formulation
M t i l&W
Material
Wage forf Construction
Ct ti
Providing Facilitator both Technical & Social
Monitoring of the SANIMAS sustainability•••

Selection of Location
Assistance for The Community Workplan FormulationCommunity Empowerment (Training for
CBO, Treasurer, Operator, Foreman, Enterpreneurship, O&M
training)
Hygiene & Health Campaign
Provision of Land
O&M Support (1st year O&M cost, Influent & Effluent Lab Test
every 6 months, Desludging, Rehabilitation fund)••••

COMMUNITY••

Community Workplan Formulation (Community Basedorganization (CBO) establishment, technological
Choices, DED, BOQ,)
Operation adn maintenance of SANIMAS
O&M Routine Cost (from community retribution)
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SANIMAS FACILITATOR•SANIMAS Implementation assist by 2 facilitator(Technical & Social)•Criteria of Facilitator:
 Minimum Education : Diploma
 Healthy
 Having good ability of communicating andspeak local language fluently
 Familiar with the condition of SANIMAS area(geographic & culture)•Facilitator Trained for 7 days on the beginning offiscal year (February –March)•

Training material given by various stakeholders(MoPW, Ministry of Health, Ministry of National
Affairs, National Planning & Development Agency)
incooperated with BORDA.
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FUNDING SOURCE OF SANIMASNATIONAL
BUDGET•••••LOCAL
BUDGET••••COMMUNITYBUDGET••

Facilitator Training  All training expenses and accomodation
Material & Wage for Construction (around 40.000 USD) Directly Transfered from MoPW To CBO Account as Social AidFund
Facilitator Salary 9300 USD/Month)  Facilitator contracted
directly by MoPW
Community Empowerment Fund (Socilization, CoordinationMeeting)
Foreman and CBO Training (3 days duration)  All training
expenses and accomodation
Provision of Land
Hygiene campaign fundOn cash  to open a bank account under CBO name and initial
operational cost (around 150 USD for 3 months duration)
In kind  land, material, worker
Operational and Maintenance cost (collected from households byagreed duration (every months / every weeks / every usage)

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Operation of SANIMAS•SANIMAS Operational and Maintenanceare responsibilities of CBO•

Usually CBO hired one person to operate
the SANIMAS system including cleaningand maintenance.

•O&M cost collected from households
regularly by CBO  usually monthly
basis (around 50 cents – 1 USD) or dailyusage basis (around 10 cents USD)

•Some CBO also received income fromanother source  small market of CBO
inside the communal toilet
area, contribution from local
government, etc.

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SANIMAS O&M Information for Community
Information of O&M for the Communal Toilet Operator

Information of O&M for the Community using private toilet

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SANIMAS O&M Information for Community
Information of O&M for the Communal Toilet / Communal WWTP Operator

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MONITORING SYSTEM OF SANIMAS•NATIONAL
GOVERNMENT•

•

LOCAL
GOVERNMENT••COMMUNITY

During SANIMAS implementation Central Government
monitoring the progress from the beginning of SANIMAS
process untill the SANIMAS operated  done by supervisionconsultant and Provincial Working Unit of Environmental
Sanitation Directorate,
Directorate Ministry of Public Works and also bythe Facilitator hired by MoPW
After SANIMAS established, monitoring of the sustainabilityof the SANIMAS infrastructure done annually by Directorateof Environmental Sanitation MoPW  the results can beaccess by public on the database in the internet.
During SANIMAS implementation Local Government
monitoring the progress from the beginning of SANIMAS
process untill
till theth SANIMAS operated.
t dAfter the SANIMAS established monitoring activities
continued (together with the assistace and communityempowerment
Community themselves monitoring the SANIMAS process
through their participation on the process  community
could report to the local or central government if there anyindication of manipulation between the process

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LESSONS LEARNEDSANIMAS tend to be succesful if:
 The appropriate type of system is built well and in the rightlocation.
 The number of users is optimized and sustained Operation and maintenance by CBO is assisted by thegovernment.
 The development forms part of a broader sanitation plan.
 The CBO empowerment needs to be done continually(refreshment every 2 years).
Results of Evaluation by Ministry of Environment:
82 % of SANIMAS established are working well and havegood quality of effluent.
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THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION

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