平成 17 年度

大学院博士 (前期) 課程入学者選抜学力試験

英語［60 分］注 意 事 項

1．試験開始の合図があるまで，この問題冊子を開かないでください．
2．問題は 1 ページから 4 ページにあります．ページ番号のついていない紙は下書き用紙です．

3．解答用紙は 4 枚に分かれているので，すべての解答用紙の所定欄に受験番号と氏名をはっきりと記入してください．

4．計算または下書き用紙 4 枚が解答用紙と一緒にあります．
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7．設問ごとに配点が記されています．

I 次の記事を読み，以下の問いに答えよ．とくに指示のない場合は，問いには日本語で答えよ．（配点 60 点）

Wanted: standardized alphabets for Web surfing
During(1)

week of 19 July, Malaysia wasence devoted to figuring out how to make(4)(2)

site of(3)confer-Web more accessible for people

who speak languages that do not use Western alphabets. Although the Internet
was developed in English-speaking countries, nearly half of the 100 million people
worldwide who now have high-speed broadband connections live in Asia.
According to the Internet Company for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN),
which oversees the system of World Wide Web addresses and domain names, in afew years, most net users will be Asian. °1 Major problem comes from the factthat while °2 set of °3 letter forming Western °4 alphabet are largely standardized,°
5 that used in some other languages vary from country to country. Consequently,

problems arise when typing Web addresses, which have to be precise. °6 Computers

cannot interpret regional variations in characters, leaving people in one part of alanguage region unable to access information on oﬀer in another.
The conference will focus on creating standards to bridge the gaps between Chinese,
Arabic, Tamil and other scripts so that Internet users worldwide can communicatewith ease. Additionally, this standardization will also allow popular top-level domains such as .com, .name, .org to have Web addresses using characters other thanthe Romanized letters that are standard today.
(Adapted from IEEE Spectrum online newslog, 22 July 2004 issue.)

問1

空欄

問2

下線部 °
1 ～°
5 の単語を，単数形か複数形のいずれか適切な形にせよ．た

(1)

～

(4)

を “a” または “the” のいずれか適切なもので埋めよ．

だし，必要な場合には冠詞をつけよ．変更の必要のない場合でも，解答欄にその単語を記入すること．
問3

下線部 °
6 を日本語に訳せ．

問4

本文の内容を 100～200 字程度の日本語で要約せよ．

– 1 –II 次の記事は，科学論文のポスター発表についての web サイトの記事から採録したものである．この記事を読み，以下の問いに答えよ．とくに指示がない場合は，問いには日本語で答えよ．（配点 40 点）

Design of Scientific Posters

Posters are a special type of presentation. When well designed, they are not simply
journal papers pasted onto boards. Nor are they mounted sets of presentation
visuals. Rather, posters, when eﬀectively designed, are something in between. This
web page discusses the special situation that a scientist or engineer faces when
designing a poster and then suggests some guidelines to address that situation.
The purpose of scientific posters is to present work to an audience who is walking
through a hallway or exhibit. In poster presentations at conferences, the presenter
usually stands next to the poster, thus allowing for passers-by to engage in oneon-one discussions with the presenter. In other situations such as the hallways oflaboratories, universities, and corporations, posters are stand-alone presentations
for passers-by.
For a poster to communicate the work, the poster first has to orient an audiencethat is not seated, but that is standing. Often the audience has distractions of noiseand movement from other people. Given those distractions, a journal article tacked
onto a board fails as an eﬀective poster because the audience cannot concentrate
for a time long enough to read through the paper. In fact, given the distractions
that the audience faces, many in the audience will not even bother trying to reada journal article tacked onto a board.
So what then makes for an eﬀective poster? First, because the audience is passing
by, an eﬀective poster should quickly orient the audience as to what the work is.
Usually, a poster accomplishes this goal with a prominent title and with supporting
images. These images might be located near the title or reside as the background of
the poster. Once readers recognize what the work is, they decide how much energy
to invest into the poster. For instance, many passers-by will read the motivation
for the work, the objectives (or goals) of the work, and then the final results of thework. Others, who have a deep interest in the topic, will try to read the poster
from beginning to end. Given these diﬀerent approaches to reading posters, another– 2 –characteristic of an eﬀective poster is that specific sections are easy to locate. In
other words, if the audience wants to find the conclusions, those should be easy tofind. Given the distractions that occur while reading posters, a third characteristicof an eﬀective poster is that the individual sections of a poster can be quickly read.
In other words, the poster should not contain large blocks of text. Neither should
the poster contain long sentences.
Figure 1 presents a poster that quickly orients the audience to the topic of thework. This poster also uses sentence headlines in blue to identify the purpose ofeach section and then supports those sections in a manner that can be quickly read.

Figure 1. Poster that is well designed.

（Adapted and modified from the web article

http://www.writing.eng.vt.edu/posters.html, which is based on the article: Alley,
Michael, The Craft of Scientific Presentations (Springer-Verlag, 2003), pp.
211-217.）

– 3 –

問1

Figure 1 はなぜ良いポスターなのか，本文に即して その理由をなるべく多く列挙せよ．

問2

以下の日本語の文は，Figure 1 のポスター発表を行っている発表者への口頭質問の例である．これらの文を英訳せよ．

（1） すみません，質問をしてよろしいですか．
（2） この研究を始めた動機はどのようなものでしたか．
（3） 実験はどのような条件で行いましたか．より詳しく教えてください．
（4） たいへん面白い研究だと思います．説明ありがとうございました．

問題は，このページで終りである．
– 4 –解 答 冊 子
博士 (前期)・英語

氏 名

受験番号

英語 解答用紙 （1）

科

問1目

英名
語

問 題 番 号
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

I

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点°
1 :°
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3 :°
4 :°
5 :

問3

（枠内に解答を書くこと）

英語 (1)

氏 名

英語 解答用紙 （2）
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受験番号
科目

英名
語

問 題 番 号

I点
英語 (2)（枠内に解答を書くこと）

氏 名

英語 解答用紙 （3）
問1

受験番号
科

目

英名
語

問 題 番 号

II点
英語 (3)（枠内に解答を書くこと）

氏 名

英語 解答用紙 （4）
問2

受験番号
科目

英名
語

問 題 番 号

(1) :
II

点
英語 (4)

(2) :

(3) :

(4) :（枠内に解答を書くこと）

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