April 2015 VOL.4

AHPNW
NEWSLETTERSPRING HAS COME!!

CONTENTS
1. Related News (General, Policy, Technology, Market and Others)
2. Outline of the building energy standard in japan and evaluation of heat pumps in thestandard (Japan)
3. Development of energy efficiency standard for heat pump in Thailand (Thailand)
4. A Study on the Performance Prediction of Air to Water Heat Pump (Korea)
5. Application of Ground Source Heat Pump System in a Nearly Zero Office Building (China)
6. Events

ASIAN HEAT PUMP & THERMAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES NETWORK

ABSTRACTS OF EACH PAPEROUTLINE OF THE BUILDING ENERGY STANDARD IN JAPANAND EVALUATION OF HEAT PUMPS IN THE STANDARD
Primary energy consumption in the commercial and residential building sectors in Japan
represents approximately 34 % of the country’s total energy consumption, and has been
increasing steadily. With the aim of decreasing energy consumption, a new building energy
standard was implemented in 2013: the Government has announced that it will become
mandatory by 2020. This article presents an outline of the standard and how energy
performance of heat pumps is evaluated in it.

DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDSFOR HEAT PUMP IN THAILAND
This study is to review the development of suitable energy efficiency criteria for heat pumps
and update the status of draft MEPS and HEPS for heat pump in Thailand. The minimum
energy efficiency criteria for heat pumps and to promote high efficiency heat pump usage are
enforced following 20-year energy efficiency development plan (A.D 2011-2030) from Ministryof Energy. The draft MEPS and HEPS had finished and currently it has been submitted toEnergy Efficiency Standards Sub-Committee and under the approval process. Appropriate
MEPS and HEPS are reported in the draft that the criteria MEPS of heat pump which is either
manufactured or sold in Thailand could be not less than COPt = 2.4 and HEPS could bedetermined as 3.0  COPt  4.0.

A STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE PREDICTION
OF AIR TO WATER HEAT PUMP
An air source heat pump system for hot water supply was developed and tested in thecalorimeter chamber. The cycle simulation to predict the performance of the heat pumpsystem was conducted in standard and cold climate region conditions. Vapor injection wasapplied to the heat pump operated in the standard ambient air conditions and its effects on
the performance of the heat pump were investigated precisely. Cascade cycle operated incold climate region conditions was analyzed through simulation, and then the simulation
results were verified with the experimental results.

1

ASIAN HEAT PUMP & THERMAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES NETWORK

ABSTRACTS OF EACH PAPER

Application of Ground Source Heat Pump System
in a Nearly Zero Office Building
A GSHP system was installed as one of the energy system at China Academy of Building
Research in Beijing, China. This paper describes and analyzed its operation on coolingseason from July 15th to 30th August with aid of energy management system, including
ground-side water temperature and flow rate, chilled water temperature and flow rate, heatrelease amount of both ground side and the GSH

2

Related News
Another keynote address was given by Dr.Ing. Rainer Jakobs of the Information
Centre on Heat Pumps and Refrigeration,
IZW e.V. in Germany, on the theme of‘Recent Technologies and Developments in
European Heat Pumps.’

GENERAL■Korea Heat Pump Industry Forumhas been establishedIn this year a new non-profit organization,
which is called as “Heat Pump Industry
Forum” has been established in Korea inorder to support heat pump industry andencourage heat pump technology nationally.
Last 13 May an inaugural general meeting
was held with more than 40 private andcorporate members in L-Tower, Seoul.

Source; JARN, January 25, 2015

■Establishment and first workshop
of compiling group of China national
standard technical specification forcool storage air conditioning system

Source; KLT, AHPNW

According to the notice of printing ‘the planof drawing up and revise engineering
construction standard’ by Ministry of
Housing and Urban-Rural Development, theindustry standard technical specification forcool storage air conditioning system
JGJ158-2008 , compiled by China Academyof Building Research, was involved in theplan. The establishment and first workshop
of compiling group was held in Beijing in
April the 13th, 2015. Forty specialists
attended the meeting, including leadershipfrom Standard and Quota Institute of
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural
Development, executive from CABR and
Building
Environment
andEnergyStandardization Technical Committee of
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural
Development, and staff of compiling group.

■ Kobe Symposium 2014 Provides
Valuable Information on Low-GWP
Refrigerants
Organized by the Japan Refrigeration and
Air Conditioning Association (JRAIA), theInternational
SymposiumonNew
Refrigerants and Environmental Technology
2014 (Kobe Symposium 2014) was held at
the Kobe International Conference Centeron November 20 and 21. About 490 people,
the second highest ever, attended this 11th
edition of the Symposium. The two-day
program included keynote addresses,
technical sessions, and poster sessions.
In his opening address, Ichiro Hongo,
chairman of the JRAIA, touched on the laws
relating to the rationalization of use andcontrol of fluorocarbons as well as planningto convert refrigerant use in various
countries. In addition to the legal
regulations and technical standards, he also
covered many of the pressing issues facedby the refrigeration and air conditioning
industry.

Source; CABR, AHPNWPOLICY■ Directsubsidy
project
forinvestment and improvement andimprovement by the machinery,material and equipment to energy
conservation.

Masafumi Ohki, director of the Fluoride
Gases Management Office, Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), who
was invited to be a keynote speaker, gavean address on ‘New Policy Measures andFinancial Support in Japan that Manage
HFCs and Promote Alternatives’

Department
of
Alternative
EnergyDevelopment and Efficiency (DEDE),
Ministry of Energy, has launched a direct
subsidy project to promote energy
conservation for the fiscal year 2015 (B.E
2558). The objective of the project is toencourage the entrepreneur reduce costs

3Related News
conditioner manufacturers to gear
shifting production back to Japan?

by implementing energy measures while
maintaining the quality of the product offer.
The reduction of the cost will enhance thecompetition with the other. However, somemeasure need to be invested for
improvement and modification low energy
efficiency
machinery,material,
andequipment to high energy efficiency. The
entrepreneur which needs the support on
the investment grant even on multiple
measures can send the application on theamount not exceeding Baht 3,000,000(three million baht) under the condition of
the term of payback period less than 7
years. In this fiscal year, DEDE will be
implementing with a grant of 500 million
baht.

up

Source; JARN, January 25, 2015

■ JRAIA Announces JapaneseDomestic
Shipmentof
AC&R
Equipment
The
Japan
Refrigeration
andAir
Conditioning Industry Association (JRAIA)
announced the domestic demand forecast(shipment quantities) of 14 main models in
2014-2016 period based on the voluntary
statistics of air conditioning and refrigeration(AC&R) appliances by the members of theassociation.
This survey is conducted for the purpose of
preparing the reference data in surveying
the demand trend of the AC&R industry.
This demand forecast is carried out
annually as the activity to collect andprovide information of the statistical survey
committee, but this time, the review of thetime of questionnaire to the member
companies and re-examination of therelated economic indicators per model weremade to enhance the forecast accuracy bystatisticalmethodadopting
rational
explanatory variables.

Source; KMUTT, AHPNW

MARKET■ Air Conditioner Market Takes Hit
from Falling Yen
On December 5, the value of the Japanese
yen fell sharply in trading on the New York
foreign exchange market, closing at 121.50
yen to the dollar, the lowest the Japanesecurrency has fallen in about seven years
and four months, since the last low
recorded on July 20, 2007. The yen has
dropped sharply to the 120-yen range after
trading for about two years at the 80-yen
range since 2012.

Source; JARN, March 25, 2015

■LG Electronics has furnished withfull GHP lineup - To launch theworld’s highest efficiency GHP(Gas
Driven Heat Pump) of the 30HP class

While many analysts view the weaker yen
as a positive for the Japanese economy asa whole, the sharp depreciation is putting aquestion mark on the ‘golden rule’ ofsuccess for Japanese air conditioner
manufacturers, namely producing air
conditioners at overseas factories andshipping them to Japan for sale.

LG
Electronics(www.lge.co.kr)
haslaunched a new 30HP GHP of the world’s
highest efficiency, and thereby strengthens
the domestic heat pump market. LG
Electronics has launched the 30HP ‘GHP
Super 2’ which is new GHP. The 30HP
class has 85kW of cooling capacity and
95kW of heating capacity, which is theworld’s largest level of capacity. LG
Electronics is the unique company among
domestic manufacturers to produce anddevelop products with its own technology.

The currency depreciation has now madeproducts produced in Japan more costcompetitive, while air conditioners madeoverseas have lost some of their costcompetitiveness compared to a few years
ago. Will this trend cause Japanese air

Source; KTL, AHPNW

4

Related Newswith widespread use of such equipment andsystems.

ACTIVITES

Source; HPTCJ News press■ The 4th Meeting of AHPNW washeld in Beijing, China■Heat Pumps Workshop in India
Heat Pump & Thermal Storage Technology
Center of Japan (member of AHPNW) has
participated the workshop on “JapaneseExperience on Promoting Heat Pump
Systems for Energy Efficiency” and madepublic relations for diffusion of heat pumpequipment in India.

The wider promotion of the high efficient
heat
pump
and
thermalstoragetechnologies on the demand side is anurgenttask
inpromotingenergyconservation and prevention of global
warming. Especially in Asian countries
where the energy consumption iscontinuously increasing due to the rapid
economy growth, to cooperate with eachother countries is highly essential.5
countries such as China, India, Japan,
Korea, and Vietnam gathered together on
October 2011 and established Asian Heat
Pump Thermal Storage Technologies
Network (AHPNW). Up to now we haveheld 3 international meeting and published
3 newsletters. And this year, Thailand has
joined as a new member.

Source; HPTCJ News press

OHTERS■Japan Promoting AC
Standardization in Southeast Asia
In collaboration with the Japan Air
Conditioning and Refrigeration Testing
Laboratory (JATL), the Institute of Energy
Economics, Japan (IEE) is actively moving
forward with the Innovation Technology
Research Association (INOTEK) project.
The International Standard Innovation
Technology Research Association (ISINOTEK) is a technology research
association established in January 2012 toperform R&D, extend support, and givetechnologicalinstruction
concerninginternational
standardizationandcertification projects. It consists of 18
companies,
one
university,one
independent corporation, and six groups. In
cooperation with Southeast Asian countries,
ISINOTEK is currently proceeding withinternational standardization projects for air
conditioners and refrigerators.

Recently, 4th meeting was held in Beijing,
China on 26th-27th Nov. 2014.
On the 1st day, open workshop was held
under the theme “Shaping the better future
through Heat Pump Utilization “and over 20
people attended.
Source; HPTCJ News press■ Primary energy saving effect byincreasing diffusion of Heat Pumps
in Japanese market
Heat Pump & Thermal Storage Technology
Center of Japan (member of AHPNW), a
general incorporated foundation thatendeavours to promote heat pump andthermal storage systems that contribute
greatly to measures for saving energy andmitigating global warming and arerecognized as the equipment to use
renewable energy in Europe, has unveiled
its forecast for diffusion of heat pumpequipment till FY2040 and estimatedprimary energy saving effects in conjunction

Source; JARN, December 25, 2014

■ Samyang Eco-Energy, receives‘Green Technology’ Certification by‘TandemHeat
Pump
designtechnology using turbo heat pump’
Seawater air conditioning technology wasrecognized by Green-technology to improve
installing existing heat pump, and utilizing
the high efficiency large turbo pump.

5

Related NewsSamyang Eco-energy (CEO, Yunho Kim),
new energy specialist company, noticed
that they received Certification of ‘GreenTechnology’ by tandem heat pump design
technology using turbo heat pump.
Source; KTL, AHPNW

6

JapanOUTLINE OF THE BUILDING ENERGY STANDARD IN JAPANAND EVALUATION OF HEAT PUMPS IN THE STANDARD

Hisashi Miura, National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Japan

ABSTRUCT
Primary energy consumption in the commercial and residential building sectors in Japan
represents approximately 34 % of the country’s total energy consumption, and has been
increasing steadily. With the aim of decreasing energy consumption, a new building energy
standard was implemented in 2013: the Government has announced that it will become
mandatory by 2020. This article presents an outline of the standard and how energy
performance of heat pumps is evaluated in it.
KEY WORDS: Heat pump, Building Energy Standard
Outline of the Building Energy Standard
In Japan, the Energy Conservation Act was implemented in 1979 and, based on it, the first
Building Energy Standard was enforced in 1980. The standard consisted of two parts: onefor commercial buildings, and the other for residential buildings. The commercial buildings
standard evaluated the energy performance of the building envelope and five types of energy
demand, for air conditioning, lighting, ventilation, hot water and elevators, separately. The
residential standard evaluated only the performance of the building envelope. Thesestandards were substantially revised in 2013, and introduced a new common index“Designed Primary Energy Consumption” (GJ / year) (Fig. 1), to represent the energy
performances of both commercial buildings and residential buildings. When constructing or
renovating large buildings,
with floor areas of 300 m2
and more, reporting theenergyperformancebased on the standard is
mandatory. On the other
hand,reportingisvoluntaryforsmall
buildings.
However,buildings which apply thestandard can receive
various benefits such as
tax benefits and subsidies.
Although these energy
standards are at present
voluntaryforsomebuildings,
compliance
with
them
will
be
mandatory by 2020.
Figure 1 Indices for energy performance in the standards

7

JapanDesign primary energy consumption
In order to comply with the standard, the design primary energy consumption calculated for aapplied building should not exceed the reference primary energy consumption. Both thedesign and the reference primary energy consumptions are based on the same method of
calculation. The design primary energy consumption must be calculated based on thebuilding envelope and equipment specification of the building, while the reference primaryenergy consumption must be calculated based on the building envelope and equipment
specification defined in the standard, which are of equivalent performance to thecorresponding features of the building as normally used in Japan (Fig. 2).

a) Structureb) Example
Figure 2 Reference and design primary energy consumption** For residential buildings. For commercial buildings, the energy consumption for elevators is added.

8

JapanOccupants’ behaviour, such as how length of occupation per day, and duration andfrequency of use of the building services, is previously defined for each building/space usage
in the standard, and it can be therefore said that the design primary energy consumption is akind of benchmark test value for energy conservation at the design stage. Methods forcalculating the design primary energy consumption are published in textbooks and on the
web page of the Building Research Institute (BRI) (Fig. 3).

Figure 3 Textbooks and BRI web page* for the standard* http://www.kenken.go.jp/becc/

Since these methods are very complex, web-based calculation programmes have also beendeveloped and are available on the BRI home page (Fig. 4). The programmes are hosted on
web servers: local computers simply send the input data to the servers and receive theresults from them, which means that designs can be calculated by any computer, includingtablet-type devices. Applicants normally calculate and prepare application forms by utilizingthese programmes.

Figure 4 Calculation program, application form and labelling9JapanEstimation of energy performance of heat pumps
Energy consumption for space heating and cooling is calculated on an hourly basis, withdesign primary energy consumption being the sum of these hourly energy consumptions
over a period of one year (Fig. 5). Since the efficiency of heat pumps depends strongly on
the outdoor temperature and the heating or cooling load, efficiency curves for various
systems are defined in the standard. These efficiency curves were developed based on
various experiments and simulations (Fig. 6) in a research project by BRI and the National
Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM). Outdoor temperatures are also
defined in the standard. Building areas in Japan are divided into eight climate zones, basedon the number of heating degree-days: the tables of standardised hourly outdoor
temperatures are updated for each revision. The hourly heating and cooling loads arecalculated based on the data given in the standard for the building envelope performanceand the intended use of the building or space.
Based on this calculation, the differences in the efficiency of heat pumps between the
different climate zones can be considered. The reduction in average efficiency resulting frommismatching of the heat pump capacity with the heat load, such as overcapacity of theequipment, can also be evaluated. Additionally, operating conditions such as climate andbuilding usage are identical for various types of the equipment (e.g. gas boilers, heat pumps,
electric heaters), thus enabling users and designers to compare the energy performance ofany types of equipment’s by using this calculation program.

Figure 5 Method of calculating space heating / cooling energy consumption

Figure 6 Examples of heat pump efficiency curves(Left: Curves for calculation / Right: Experimental results)

10JapanCONCLUSION
This report described the outline of the recently revised building energy standard and its
energy calculation tools, and also described how to estimate the energy performance of heatpumps. There are many indices to represent the energy efficiency of heat pump such as APF,
COP and EER. These indices can be measured values under rated test conditions, or
calculated values assuming the given operating conditions. Alternatively, designers caninvestigate the effects of changing various building characteristics such as envelope
performance, climate, utilisation of cross ventilation and heat exchangers, and can also
compare the performance of various types of heating systems such as combination boilers orelectric heating. We can say that indices based on a specific and defined set of conditions,such as APF, COP and EER can be used for comparing the performances of heat pumps ofthe same type, and so promoting competition in terms of technological development.
“Designed Primary Energy Consumption” can also be used by designers and users fordesigning and selecting the equipment for a given building.

11Thailand

DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDSFOR HEAT PUMP IN THAILAND

1

Piyatida Trinuruk 1,*, Asawin Asawutmangkul 2, Amornrat Kaewpradap 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology
Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Rd. Bangmod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140
2
Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE),
Ministry of Energy, Thailand

Abstract
This study is to review the development of suitable energy efficiency criteria for heat pumps
and update the status of draft MEPS and HEPS for heat pump in Thailand. The minimum
energy efficiency criteria for heat pumps and to promote high efficiency heat pump usage are
enforced following 20-year energy efficiency development plan (A.D 2011-2030) from
Ministry of Energy. The draft MEPS and HEPS had finished and currently it has been
submitted to Energy Efficiency Standards Sub-Committee and under the approval process.
Appropriate MEPS and HEPS are reported in the draft that the criteria MEPS of heat pumpwhich is either manufactured or sold in Thailand could be not less than COPt = 2.4 and
HEPS could be determined as 3.0  COPt  4.0.
Keyword: MEPS, HEPS, Energy efficiency standard, Draft
1. Introduction
The framework of Thailand’s energy policy is scoped on five issues: enhancing energy
security, promoting alternative energy as national agenda, promoting energy efficiency, fairand stable energy pricing, and environmental protection. Therefore, the Energy Conservation
Promotion (ECP) Fund in Thailand has been established. The ECP Act has been used since
1992, and issue NO. 2 was effective in 2007. The ECP Act, under the Section 23, empowers
the Thai Government with the regulatory authority to improve energy efficiency of appliances,machinery and equipment. The Act under the Section 40 also mentions that a producer or
distributor of high efficiency machinery or equipment, or materials to be used in the energy
conservation programs, shall have the right to request for promotion and assistance.
Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), Ministry of Energy
has planned to establish Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) to be bothvoluntary and mandatory standards by collaboration with Thai Industrial Standards Institute(TISI) to eliminate low energy efficient appliances and equipment from the market, while HighEnergy Performance Standards (HEPS) is required in the Ministerial Regulations to be a
voluntary program.
Heat pump is also one of targeted appliance to enforce MEPS criteria and promote to highefficiency heat pump usage following 20-year energy efficiency development plan (A.D. 2011
- 2030) from Ministry of Energy. To determine an appropriated MEPS and HEPS for heatpumps in Thailand, the project “A study of heat pump for setting up Ministerial Regulation

12

Thailand
draft in energy efficiency following the Energy Conversion Promotion Act (No.2) B.E 2550”
was launched to acquire the supporting information for the Ministerial Regulation draft as
following the requirement of drafting process. Therefore, the paper is to review the process
for developing energy efficiency standard of heat pump in Thailand.
2. The Process for Setting Draft MEPS and HEPS
To understand clearly on the process for setting draft MEPS and HEPS in Thailand, thedifferent of MEPS and HEPS could be provided in detail. For both draft MEPS and HEPS,
DEDE is empowered to set energy efficiency standards under ECP Act, Section 23. Aftersetting the draft, only HEPS is enforced by DEDE, while MEPS is enforced by TISI. MEPS
can be voluntary program only in the early stage, but finally, it is authorized by TISI toestablish as the mandatory program.
The products which are achievable MEPS, will receive an endorsement label, called a TIS
mark [1]. There are two different types of the certification marks, voluntary and mandatory
certification marks, which are represented with the different color as illustrated in Fig.1.

Fig. 1 Two different Certification marks in Thailand

For Voluntary Energy Efficiency Standards, HEPS program can be implemented for bothelectrical and non-electrical equipment on a voluntary basis and use labelling program to bea representative for high energy efficiency products. There are two types of labelling
programs. The first label is for household appliances which are responsible by EGAT, as
shown in Fig.2 (a), such as air-conditioners, refrigerators, etc. including energy efficient
lighting equipment under Demand-Side Management program (DSM). Another label, as
shown in Fig.2 (b), is for industrial and non-electric products which are responsible by
DEDE.

(a) Household appliances(b) Non-electric and industrial products

Fig. 2 Energy Label in Thailand

Fig. 3 shows the process of setting draft HEPS and MEPS. This process takes around one
year, by starting with hiring a consultant by DEDE to conduct technical research. Then,
DEDE has the authority to monitor the project; hence, technical committee is set. The
technical research study is an importance process to get the support information. Therefore,

13

Thailand
the framework of technical report must include with: the study in market sharing, standards,
testing method, and etc. After collecting enough data, technical committee will start themeeting and has the authority to approve the testing method, numbers and models ofsampling products, and draft MEPS and HEPS. Simultaneously, all stakeholders are invited
to participate in public hearing of draft MEPS and HEPS. Finally, draft MEPS and HEPS will
be edited as following the stakeholders’ recommendation and the comment from technicalcommittee.

Fig. 3 Process of setting draft MEPS and HEPS

3. The Criteria of MEPS and HEPS
The testing results from sampling products and secondary data are statistically analyzed andplotted normal distribution curve. The criterion of MEPS is set that 3% of low energy efficient
products should be failed from the market, while 20% of high energy efficient products should
be promoted as HEPS, as illustrated in Fig. 4. However, the standard of MEPS and HEPS
can be adjusted according to the approval of technical committee or the recommendations
from public hearing.

Fig. 4 Criteria of MEPS and HEPS

14

Thailand
4. Law Procedure
When draft MEPS and HEPS have been completed, it will be preceded to the law process
which will take time around 2 - 3 years. Draft MEPS and HEPS will be submitted to Energy
Efficiency Standards Sub-Committee, which permanent secretary of Ministry of Energy is achairman of this committee. When the drafts are approved in this step, only draft MEPS issent to TISI while draft HEPS is preceded by DEDE. Then, drafts HEPS will pass to Ministryof Energy Law Committee, and proceed to National Energy Policy Committee (NEPC),
Cabinet, Office of the Council of State of Thailand (OCST), and signed by Energy Minister.
Finally, draft MEPS and HEPS are announced in Royal Gazette. Those are all process fordrafting MEPS and HEPS.
5. Study of Heat Pump in Thailand [2]King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) had been hired by DEDE as aconsultant to proceed the setting draft procedure to determine the suitable energy efficiency
criteria for heat pumps in Thailand which will be reported in draft MEPS and HEPS. The
methodology of the study included with as follows:
5.1 Reviewing
The market information of heat pump in Thailand and other countries, as well as the market
trend, were reviewed. By market information from year 2008 – 2012, 1,603 of heat pumps
were sold with the size range of 0.5 - 100 kWth and the most popular size was 25 kWth.
Global standards related to the heat pump were examined and studied in the detail of testingprocedure.

Fig. 5 Test room for heat pump at KMUTT

5.2 Determining
Proper testing standard for heat pump in Thailand was selected. The requirements in a
selected standard were accompanied to construct a test room and set the testing conditions.
EN255-3 was chose as the most suitable standard. Test conditions for heat pump in Thailand
were specified and followed the testing procedure of EN255-3. The test room for heat pumpenergy efficiency test was built for supporting energy efficiency criteria test method. Table 1
shows the comparison of test conditions between EN255-3 and adopted test conditions for
Thailand.

15

Thailand
Table 1 the comparison of test conditions between EN255-3 and for Thailand
Test Conditions
Dry bulb temperature in test
room (Tdrybulb)
Wet bulb temperature in test
room (Twetbulb)
Dry bulb of outlet air
temperature
Feed water temperature
Set point of water temperature
at Cut-off condition
Set point of water temperature
at working condition
Flow rate of water utilization

EN 255-3
standard
15 ๐C

Test condition
for Thailand
35 ๐C

12 ๐C

24 ๐C

N/A

> 30 ๐C

15๐C

25 ๐C

Following spec.

55 ๐C

Following spec.

50 ๐C

15.6 l/min

15.6 l/min

5.3 Sampling
Available heat pumps in Thailand’s market in year 2013 with the size of 4.5–36 kWth wereselected with a limit number to be used as the representative of this research. 13 models ofheat pump were chose with the variety of types and sizes for high efficiency test. In thistesting, test range of heat pump was specified at 0.5 - 36 kWth which overcomes the mostpopulation of heat pumps application in Thailand.
5.4 Defining the results
Energy efficiency test of 13 heat pumps were conducted at test laboratory at King Mongkut’s
University of Technology Thonburi. It was found that COPt value was in the range of 2.4 –3.7 with COPt in average at 3.0. The analytical results of all 13 heat pumps in energy
efficiency indicted that the different sizes of heat pumps did not affect to the magnitude ofenergy efficiency. Therefore, the energy efficiency criteria are the same for all heat pumpsizes.
5.5 Identifying MEPS and HEPS
Fig. 6 presents the results of COPt of 13 heat pump models. COPt of 13 heat pumps isanalyzed with the statistical method to get a normal distribution curve of COPt as shown in
Fig. 7. Then, the criteria of MEPS and HEPS which was mentioned in section 3 are
implemented as followed the policy of energy efficiency standard. 3% of the available heatpumps are failed the MEPS criteria, while 20% of available heat pumps are passed theHEPS criteria. In this study, it was found that 3% of the curve is addressed at COPt of 2.4
and 20% of the distribution curve is at COPt of 3.2. From this research, it concluded that thecriteria MEPS of heat pump which is either manufactured or sold in Thailand could be notless than COPt = 2.4 and HEPS could be determined as 3.0  COPt  4.0. Those values, assummarized in Table 2, are proposed to Ministry of Energy for Thai Industrial Standard andMinisterial Regulation of high efficiency heat pump.

16

Thailand

Fig. 6 The results of COPt of 13 heat pump models

Fig. 7 The criteria of MEPS and HEPS
Table 2 COPt for Draft MEPS and HEPS for heat pump in Thailand
Standard
COPt
MEPS
> 2.4
HEPS
3.0  COPt  4.0

5.6 Public hearing
An opening seminar for distributing information obtained in this project for heat pumps tostakeholders about suitable heat pump energy efficiency criteria in Thailand was conductedunder the requirement of setting draft process. The recommendation from that open seminarby all stakeholders is included in the final report of this project.
6. Conclusions
Now, draft MEPS and HEPS of heat pumps for Thailand has been submitted to Energy
Efficiency Standards Sub-Committee and under the consideration.
7. References
1. Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO), Thailand Environment
Institute Foundation (TEI), 2013, “ES&L implementation status and MEPS information for
BRESL products in Thailand and Other Countries”, January 2013.
2. DEDE, 2013, “A study of heat pump for setting up Ministerial Regulation draft in energy
efficiency following the Energy Conversion Promotion Act (No.2) B.E 2550”.

17Republic of Korea

A Study on the Perforamce Predictionof Air to Water Heat Pump

Ook Joong Kim, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Republic of KOREA

Abstract
An air source heat pump system for hot water supply was developed and tested in thecalorimeter chamber. The cycle simulation to predict the performance of the heat pumpsystem was conducted in standard and cold climate region conditions. Vapour injection wasapplied to the heat pump operated in the standard ambient air conditions and its effects on
the performance of the heat pump were investigated precisely. Cascade cycle operated incold climate region conditions was analysed through simulation, and then the simulation
results were verified with the experimental results.

Introduction
Since a heat pump has a high carbon dioxide reduction effect compared to a direct-fired
system such as boiler, it has been given the limelight as a heating system. According to sucha trend, a heat pump is included in the efficiency improvement field of the green energy road
map[1], which aims at practical plans for green growth in the Republic of Korea; therefore,much research and development has been conducted regarding it. Also, KEPCO (Korea
Electric Power Company) has conducted a feasibility study to substitute a late-night electrical
hot water boiler for an air-to-water heat pump for producing hot water, and is attempting to
supply the heat pump on a trial basis. Also, KEPCO has suggested the performancestandards for the commercialized model of the heat pump[2].
This study is related to the development project of the hot water heat pump for substituting alate-night electrical hot water boiler by KEPCO. The study was aimed to treat the cascade
cycle designed to produce a hot water above 80°C. For the air heat source type of hot water
heat pump used for substituting a late-night electrical hot water boiler (that is now underdevelopment in KEPCO), the hot water discharge temperature varies from 50°C to 80°C, forwhich KSCOP (Korea Seasonal Coefficient of Performance) is suggested. The KSCOP isutilized in the calculation by applying weighting factors, and the performance is measured ina state in which ambient air is changed from the standard conditions (dry bulb at 7℃ and wet
bulb at 6℃) to -15℃. In each of the operating conditions, a more than certain level of heating
capacity compared to the rated amount must be secured. Therefore, in order to develop aheat pump system equipped with such conditions, it is required to apply the cascade cycle as
described in the foregoing, and it is important for securing the performances in the ambient
air and water outlet conditions including the standard conditions, the cold climate region
conditions, and the frosting & defrosting conditions. In this study, the performance test was
conducted for the system manufactured for the hot water heat pump for substituting a latenight electrical hot water boiler, a cycle simulation that could simulate test results was
conducted, and the simulation results were verified. The heat pump operating state in cold
climate region conditions at -15℃ was predicted by utilizing the verified cycle simulation
results. Also, the effects of vapor injection[3, 4] are expected to increase performance
together with an increase in capacity.

18

Republic of Korea
Experimental apparatus and methods
The schematic diagram of the air-to-water heat pump for substituting a late-night electrical
hot water boiler, which was developed in this study, is shown in Figure 1 below. The heatpump was configured with the cascade cycle in which R410a and R134a refrigerants wereapplied to the low and high stage, respectively, and a fine-tube heat exchanger applied withlouver was installed as the heat exchanger to the air side. A refrigerant flow was adjusted by
the electronic expansion valve (EEV) and a plate heat exchanger was used as the condenser
that exchanges heat with water. The KSCOP test conditions and the weighting factors of
KSCOP according to regions for the hot water heat pump for substituting a late-nightelectrical hot water boiler, which are suggested by KEPCO, are listed in Table 1. Above
SCOP_C 2.5 from Table is required for a commercialized model.

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the air to water heat pump
In the study, the cascade heat exchanger was configured with two passes of refrigerant and
hot water, as shown in Figure 1, to make application possible in single cycle and cascade
cycle, in order to match diversified hot water and ambient conditions and heating capacities
that are listed in Table 1.
Performance test for the manufactured heat pump was conducted in the calorimeter of 20 HP
class. Optimal refrigerant filling volumes in the single and cascade cycles were obtained froman experiment. Temperature and pressure sensors were installed on the suction anddischarge sides of the compressor terminals in order to survey temperature and pressure
characteristics in the cycles. Also, optimal injection amounts in each of the operating
conditions were found by adjusting the open rate of the electronic expansion valve manually,
which was installed in the vapor injection circuit. The performance test results of the heatpump are summarized in Table 2. As shown in the table, the heating capabilities according to
hot water inlet temperatures in a state that the temperature difference with ambient air
temperature of 10℃ were maintained to satisfy the standards, but SCOP_C, the final
averaged performance, does not meet the standards of 2.5. The measured values oftemperatures and pressures in the system in the standard and cold climate region (-15℃)
conditions are shown in Table 3. It shows that even in a state in which 80℃ hot water was

19

Republic of Korea
discharged, the system was being operated stably in the level that the maximum pressure
was about 2500 kPa and the maximum discharge temperature was about 100℃, respectively.
Table 1. Weighting factors for KSCOP
Cold climate

COP-15 /-

COP@-15

7%

2%

0%

-7 /-

COP@-7

39%

22%

5%

2 /1

COP@2

39%

48%

48%

7 /6

COP@7

15%

28%

47%

SCOP_CSCOP_M

SCOP_W

KSCOP

regionAverage

Warm climate

Temperature

region-SCOP_C = 0.07COP@-15＋0.39COP@-7＋0.39COP@2＋0.15COP@7-SCOP_M = 0.02COP@-15＋0.22COP@-7＋0.48COP@2＋0.28COP@7- SCOP_W = 0.05COP@-7＋0.48COP@2＋0.47COP@7
Table 2. Test results of the heat pump (performance)
Heating capacity(kW), Powerconsumption(kW) and COP
according to hot water inlet
temperature ( )Heating capacity
40

50

60

70

Standards

Ambient air temperature ( )
-15

-7

2/1

7/6

18/14/10/8

18.9

17.4

20.5

24.2

Power consumption

15↓

8.7

7.2

7.5

7.6

COP
Heating capacity
Power consumption
COP
Heating capacity
Power consumption
COP
Heating capacity
Power consumption
COP
AVERAGE COP
SCOP_C

18/14/10
15↓
18/14
15↓
18
15↓
-

2.17
19.6
9.7
2.01
20.0
10.9
1.84
19.5
12.1
1.61
1.91

2.40
23.2
10.0
2.17
21.9
11.4
1.92

2.74
23.0
10.1
2.30

3.18

2.16
2.44

2.52

3.18

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Republic of Korea
Table 3. Test results of the heat pump (cycle characteristics)
Hot water
inlet
temperature
( )

40

50

60

70

Measures values ofrefrigerant pressure (kPa)and temperature ( ) andhot water flow(LPM) in thesystemHigh pressure / lowpressure in the low stage
High pressure / lowpressure in the high stage
Discharge temperature in
the high / low stages
Hot water flow
High pressure / lowpressure in the low stage
High pressure / lowpressure in the high stage
Discharge temperature in
the high / low stages
Hot water flow
High pressure / lowpressure in the low stage
High pressure / lowpressure in the high stage
Discharge temperature in
the high / low stages
Hot water flow
High pressure / lowpressure in the low stage
High pressure / lowpressure in the high stage
Discharge temperature in
the high / low stages
Hot water flow

Ambient air temperature ( )
-15

7/6

1325.0/384.5

2956.0/771.0

1329.0/357.2-

67.1/50.0

82.4/-

27.2

35.5

1383.0/376.3
1680.0/390.0
76.7/53.8
28.8
1443.0/359.0
2066.0/420.0
88.0/57.6
29.7
1519.0/345.0
2527.0/460.0
100.0/53.5
29.5

Cycle simulation and verification
Cycle simulation was simplified to given basic operating conditions for the cycles in each of
the terminals, so that it was analyzed thermodynamically when the REFPROP Program wasutilized as thermodynamic material properties. In the state that basic input values were given
incorporating heating capacities, evaporation temperature of the low stage, condensing
temperature of the high stage, temperatures and temperature differences of the medium heatexchanger, and efficiencies of each of the terminal compressors, we have obtained electricalconsumptions and performance coefficients of the system, and have excluded volumes andrefrigerant flows of the compressors.

21

Republic of Korea
In addition, in order to survey the effects of vapor injection in the standard ambient air
conditions, we have applied the compressor and flash tank model in which the economizer
was installed in FrigoSim ver 2.5[5], a commercial program, like in the previous study[6].
Results of the cycle simulation for the single cycle (R410a) that is being operated at hot
water inlet temperature 40℃ in the standard ambient air conditions of Table 2 are shown in
Figure 2. Also, the results were applied with the compressor displacement (13.97 m3/h) andthe isentropic efficiency (68.2%) equal to the previous study[5], and the refrigerant flows in
the system coincided with the basic cycle analysis results utilized by the refrigerant diagram
by changing the compressor volume efficiency. In the state that hot water and ambient
temperature conditions were given, on the cycles of Figure 2 where heating capacities,
required powers, and performance coefficients coincide with the experimental values, it isshown that UA values of the condenser and the evaporator are approximately 13,500 W/K
and 3,400 W/K, respectively. Additionally, it is shown that it needs approximate 1.3 kW ofpower, due to the power loss of the compressor driving motor, and a fan because of thecontroller.

Figure 2. Results from the low stage cycle simulation
Changes in heating capacities, electrical consumptions, and performance coefficients of theheat pump according to vapor injection (that is VR), are shown in Figure 3. It is shown thatthe heating capacity and the electrical consumption are decreased as the volume ratio isincreased, and it exists a vapor injection amount that a performance coefficient is maximized
when a decreased rate is differentiated. Consequently, as shown in Figure 3, the heating
capacities, the electrical consumptions, and the performance coefficients that coincided withthe experimental values are fully represented in VR=2.0, and at that time, the ratio of vapor
injection for the whole refrigerant flow is about 12%.
From the results, it is our judgment that it is available to properly predict performances of theheat pump system by using thermodynamic material properties and by utilizing thecommercial program.

22

Republic of Korea
The heat pump performances with cascade cycle that were operated in the cold climate
region conditions of -15℃ were predicted similarly to the single cycle, and the results areshown in Figure 4. Even though it is not shown in the figure, it is our opinion that a volume
adjustable compressor needs to be applied, because the excluded volume of the compressor
varied slightly as the temperature of the hot water inlet increased; when the required powerincreased as isentropic efficiency decreased, however, the performance coefficientdecreased because near-equal heating capacity was maintained. In order to obtain
performance coefficients that coincide with the experimental values, it is our judgment that a
power of 1.6 kW, (which increase to about 0.3 kW compared with single operation), power
loss of the two compressor driving motors, and a fan to the controller are needed.

Figure 3. Changes in heat pump performance according to VRs

Figure 4. Performance of the heat pump operated with cascade cycle according to hot
water inlet temperatures

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Republic of Korea
Conclusions
Performance tests for the system developed for the hot water heat pump used for
substituting a late-night electrical hot water boiler were conducted, the cycle simulation thatcan simulate test results was conducted, and then the results were verified.
This study predicted UA values of the condenser and the evaporator of the heat pump
operated in standard ambient air conditions, ratios of vapor injections to the whole flow, andadditionally needed powers caused by losses from the compressor driving motor and a fan in
the controller.
Performances of the heat pump, as well as operational characteristics of the compressor andheat exchanger that were operated with cascade cycle in the cold climate region conditions
at -15℃ were surveyed. Predictions were made for excluded volumes of the compressor
according to hot water inlet temperatures, additionally needed powers due to operation withhigh stage, and operational characteristics of the cascade heat exchanger.

References
1. KETEP, 2012, Energy Focus, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp 6~21.
2. KEPCO, 2011, Standard of Technology for Hot Water Storage System Using Heat Pump.
3. Quinn, M. V., Hewitt N. J., and Smyth, M., Comparison of the Conventional andEconomised Vapour Injection Refrigeration Cycles Utilizing Variable Speed Capacity
Control for Domestic Heat Pump Retrofit Applications, ICR 2011, August 21-26, Prague,
Czech Republic.
4. Jain, S. and Bullard, C. W. 2004, Capacity and Efficiency in Variable Speed, Vapor
Injection and Multi-Compressor Systems, ACRC TR-227.
5. FrigoSim ver 2.5, http://www.frigosoft.no/ frigosim/ index.html.
6. Kim, O. J., Yoon, S. H., Song, C. H., Kang, T. W., Kwon, H. C. and Bae, J. Y., 2012, A
Study on the Performance Prediction of Heat Pump for Hot Water Supply, KSGEEC
Annual Conference, Daegu, Korea.

24

People’s Republic of China

Application of Ground Source Heat Pump System
in a Nearly Zero Office Building

Huai Li, Zhen Yu, Jianlin Wu,Wei Xu, Shicong Zhang
Institute of Building Environment and Energy Efficiency, China Academy of Building
Research, Beijing 100013, China
Corresponding email: lihuai027@gmail.com

Keywords: Nearly Zero Energy Building, GSHP, Ground Tube, Contribution rate
SUMMARY
A GSHP system was installed as one of the energy system at China Academy of Building
Research in Beijing, China. This paper describes and analyzed its operation on coolingseason from July 15th to 30th August with aid of energy management system, including
ground-side water temperature and flow rate, chilled water temperature and flow rate, heatrelease amount of both ground side and the GSHP units, and system contribution to the
Nearly Zero Energy Building was discussed.

INTRODUCTION
Global energy demand from buildings is projected to grow by an additional 838 Mtoe till 2035
compared to 2010 (IEA, 2012a). Reducing energy consumption in the building sector is oneof the most important measures for global energy reduction and climate adaptation.
Nearly/net zero energy building is one promising path leading to further building energy
conservation for future direction of building development. Proactive measures with renewableenergy sources, is recognized to help realize building energy saving, jointly with “passive
design”.
A large borehole ground source heat pump system was introduced to the Nearly Zero Energy
Building (NZEB) for China Academy of Building Research (CABR). This is a 4-floor officebuilding, as shown in Fig.1, with floor area of 4025 m2 and occupancy of approximately 180
full-time employees. Adhering to the design principle of "passive building, proactive
optimization, economic and pragmatic", the demonstration project integrated cutting-edgebuilding technologies and set up the ambitious annual energy consumption cap of 25
kWh/(m2.a) (including heating, cooling and lighting energy) with acceptable indoor
environment. It strives to lay foundation for China’s NZEB standard.

25

People’s Republic of China

Figure 1. North Façade of CABR Nearly Zero Energy Building

Energy System Description
Since the demo building services also as an experimental building, HAVC terminal of eachfloor is quite different. Water source variable refrigerant volume (WS-VRV) system is utilized
for the first and fourth floor, and the second and third floor employs floor and ceiling radiation
systems respectively. Other terminal devices, such as fan coils, radiators, GSHP, etc. are
adopted for different zone and space.
One absorption chiller and two GSHP units are involved in this energy system as shown in
Figure 2. In summer, the absorption chiller, driven by two types of solar collection systems,
processes the ventilation load, supplemented by a 50kW GSHP unit. The other 100kW
GSHP unit is in place to meet both heating and cooling demand from the radiant terminals forthe second and third floor. Coupled with ground source heat pump, solar collection systems
provides direct heating in winter with thermal storage.
Through integrated energy system design and smart use of renewable energy, it is expectedthat building heating demand in winter could be met with zero use of fossil fuel and coolingenergy consumption in summer could be reduced by 50%. Since solar radiation is verystrong in summer in the locale, this energy system is designed to under operation of primarysolar energy, when available, and GSHP as the supplementation, to maximum utilization ofnatural resource and realization of energy conservation.

Borehole System Description
Borehole distribution is illustrated in Fig. 3. Seventy boreholes are placed in open space ofthe demo building boundary, with 20 for double U-tube with 100 meter-depth to the south,and 50 for single U-tube with depth of 60 meters to the north and west. These boreholes aregrouped in 7 sub-loops and ground water join in a header before entering the building. Water
flow was balanced by balancing valves and monitored before being distributed to different
units.

26

People’s Republic of China

Figure 2. The heating and cooling system of the CABR NEZB
地埋管区域 Borehole field
支路1
North A4m

支路2
North B

支路3
地埋管Borehole
观测井Observation well

North C支路4示范办公建筑支路5Borehole field
支路6South A
4m

South B

支路7

Figure 3. Borehole System distribution27

People’s Republic of China
Summer Operation Mode
As shown in Figure 2, an absorption chiller, 2 GSHP units combined with 70 boreholes andsolar collectors provides cooling and heating requirement of the whole building.
During summer period, when the solar radiation is available for the absorption chiller, it will
be operated with priority to supply chilled water for HVAC system which require a watertemperature of 7℃，e.g. PAUs, Otherwise, it is standby with GSHP1(50kW). The GSHP2 isacts for the cooling supply for the radiation cooling system.

Measurement Data Description
1.

Borehole system

Steady data collection and system operation was available from July 15th after the system
was in operation and under commissioning. Operation data of borehole and GSHP units
during summer was monitored and analysed. Ground circulation water temperature during
operation period is illustrated in Fig. 3.
Figure 3 shows inlet and outlet water temperature of ground tube from July 15th to August
30th, where the main axis (left) represents water temperature and the secondary axes (right)
represents temperature difference. System works almost every weekday except for a short
break period from August 6th to 12th. And it is seen that inlet and outlet water temperature
ranges from 23-28℃and 20-26℃ respectively during system operation, and temperature
difference ranges betwen3 to 4℃ on average. Since the system works under intermittent
mode, water temperature raise about 4 ℃ during working hours and decrease at night.
Ground Tube Inlet and Outlet water temperature36

36

outside air temperature
34

32

32

28
入口温度
24

出口温度
出入口温差

28

Outlet water temperature

20

室外温度

26

16

24

12

22

Temperature(℃)

Temperature （℃）

30

8Inlet water temperature

Temperature difference

20

4

18
2014/7/15

2014/7/20

2014/7/25

2014/7/30

2014/8/4

0
2014/8/14

2014/8/9

Ground tube inlet and outlet water temperature
32

28

入口温度

Outside air temperature

出口温度
24

出入口温差

Inlet water temperature

Temperature（℃）

室外温度
28

20

26

16

24

12

22

18
2014/8/14

8Outlet water temperaturetemperature difference20

Tempera ture(℃)

30

4

0
2014/8/16

2014/8/18

2014/8/20

2014/8/22

2014/8/24

2014/8/26

2014/8/28

2014/8/30

Figure 4 Ground water inlet and outlet temperature variation from July 15th to 30th
August28

People’s Republic of China
2.

GSHP units

Figure 5 illustrates primary and secondary water temperature variation of GSHP unit 1 atworking time during summer period, yellow and blue points on the upper side of the figure
shows primary side inlet and outlet water temperature ,while green and purple color points on
the bottom of the figure represents secondary side water temperature. It is seen from thefigure that supply water temperature of secondary side was about 8 ℃ , return watertemperature was about 12.5℃ , temperature difference was about 4.5℃.
40
GSHP1#

一次侧、二次侧出入口水温(℃)

3530

一次侧入口水温2520

一次侧出口水温
二次侧回水水温151052014/7/15 0:00

2014/7/20 0:00

二次侧供水水温2014/7/25 0:00
2014/7/30 0:00

2014/8/4 0:00

2014/8/9 0:00

2014/8/14 0:00

2014/8/19 0:00

2014/8/24 0:00

2014/8/29 0:00

时间Figure 5 Primary and secondary water temperature of GSHP1
40

GSHP2#

一次侧、二次侧出入口水温(℃)

3530

一次侧入口水温2520

一次侧出口水温
二次侧回水水温151052014/7/15 0:00

2014/7/20 0:00

二次侧供水水温2014/7/25 0:00
2014/7/30 0:00

2014/8/4 0:00

2014/8/9 0:00

2014/8/14 0:00

2014/8/19 0:00

2014/8/24 0:00

2014/8/29 0:00

时间Figure 6 Primary and secondary water temperature of GSHP2Secondary and third floor of the building adopted ceiling and floor radiation system, since
supply water temperature of radiation system is higher than air conditioning system, as
shown in figure 6. Supply water temperature of radiation system is about 9℃, and return
water is around 13℃, temperature difference is about 4℃.

29

People’s Republic of China
300

Hourly relea sed heat amount(kWh)Ground Tube
250
200
150
100
50
0
2014/7/15

2014/7/20

2014/7/25

2014/7/30

2014/8/4

2014/8/9

2014/8/14

2014/8/19

2014/8/24

2014/8/29

Figure 7 Heat released amount of borehole system in summer
Figure 7 shows hourly heat release amount of borehole ground-tube, a maximum hourly
release heat amount of about 220kWh with an average is about 120 kWh was found in the
figure, accumulated released heat amount is about 54000kWh. COP is assumed as 4.0 on
average, cooling load of the building is about 4320kWh.
Figure 8 is the heat amount which was produced by GSHP1(50kWh), as shown, hourly heatrelease amount is about 60kWh, totally released heat amount by this unit is about 3900kWh.
Figure 9 plots heat released amount by GSHP2 (radiation system), a maximum hourly heatrelease amount 90kWh was found in the figure, with an average is about 60kWh. Heat
release amount of this unit is about 19000kWh.
Total released heat amount by GSHP1 and GSHP2 unit is about 22900kWh. Contribution
rate of GSHP unit is about 54.5%.

Hourly heat released amount(kWh)

GSHP unit 1 (HVAC)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
7/15

7/20

7/25

7/30

8/4

8/9

8/14

8/19

8/24

Time

Figure 8 Heat released amount of GSHP1(HVAC) in summer

30

8/29

People’s Republic of China

Hourly released heat amount(kWh)

GSHP unit 2(Radiation )
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
7/15

7/20

7/25

7/30

8/4

8/9

8/14

8/19

8/24

8/29

Time

Figure 9 Heat released amount of GSHP unit 2(Radiation) in summer

Conclusion
A GSHP system application in CABR Nearly Zero Energy Building was introduced in thispaper mainly. System operation during July 15th to 30th August was analyzed based on
measurement data, and GSHP units contribution to the energy system of the building is
discussed in addition. It is found that water temperature of ground tube works at about 2328℃and 20-26℃ respectively, as inlet and outlet. Heat released amount through the tube to
the ground is about kWh.GSHP unit for the radiation system works almost every day, andsupply and return temperature is about 9℃ and 13℃, respectively, with a temperature
difference of about 4℃.A heat amount of 19000kWh was supplied to the building by this unit.
GSHP 1（50kW）works as a standby of absorption chiller in summer season, and systemprovide 4300kWh heat for the building, and the GSHP unit contributes 54.5% of heat of thebuilding load.
Renewable energy is expect to provide cooling of the whole building under the designprinciple of passive design and proactive optimization, since this article discussed GSHP
system only, it is hard to evaluate the performance of the renewable energy system, studies
will be continuous regarding to the whole energy system.

Reference[1] Huai Li, Katsunori Nagano, Yuanxiang Lai, Kazuo Shibata, Hikari Fujiimoto. Evaluating
the performance of a large borehole ground source heat pump for greenhouses innorthern Japan, Energy 2013. Volume 63, pages 387-399.
[2] Rui Fan,Yiqiang Jiang, Yang Yao et.al. A study on the performance of a geothermal heatexchanger under coupled heat conduction and groundwater advection, Energy 2008.
Volume 32, Pages 2199-2209.

31

Events
2015
19-21 MayIEA ECES Greenstock 2015
Beijing, China
http://greenstock2015.csp.escience.cn/
dct/page/1
16-22 August
The 24th IIR International Congressof Refrigeration ICR 2015 Improving
QualityofLife,
Preserving the Earth Yokohama, Japan
http://www.icr2015.org/index.html

32

Asian Heat Pump Thermal Storage Technologies Network
To promote energy savings and combat global warming, there is an urgent need to spread efficientheat pump and thermal storage technologies on the demand side. Countries in Asia, which areenjoying rapid economic growth, should coordinate with one another to spread this technology.
Five to ten years from now, Asia will become a global economic powerhouse and heat pumptechnologies will play a considerable role in all sectors. Asian countries will therefore need toaddress common issues and problems that have already been faced in Europe and North America.
Concerning the building of connections and networks among countries, it is essential to share
information on diffusion policies, technology trends, applications, etc., and then to make incremental
improvements. Further, situations which can or should be handled through collaboration should be
handled flexibly, on a case-by-case basis, with the collaboration of all countries.
In order to encourage the use and development of heat pump and thermal storage technologies in
Asian countries we have established AHPNW in 2011.

Participating Countries and Entities
CHINA: China Academy of Building Research (CABR)INDIA: The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)JAPAN: Heat Pump and Thermal Storage Technology Center of Japan (HPTCJ)KOREA: Korea Testing Laboratory (KTL)VIETAM: Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST)THAILAND: King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT)

Please visit our website for more information.
⇒http://www.hptcj.or.jp/e/ahpnw/tabid/571/language/en-US/Default.aspx

33