QUANTUM COMPUTER

Low noise signal processing solution

Providing the optimal systems for controlling multi-qubits
Multi-channel low noise arbitrary waveform generation system
Multi-channel precision low noise DC voltage source
Multi-channel low noise amplification system

Customized products

QUANTUM COMPUTER

Low noise signal processing solution

Signal sourcefor qubit control

Low noise&High stability

A signal source that controls quantum bits in a quantum annealing

Multiple qubits

A low-noise system required for control of superconducting elements andhigh-precision signal detection in quantum annealing computer equipment.
Multi-channel systems are suitable for evaluating multiple qubits.

Driving and controllingsuperconducting elements

Signal detection ofsuperconducting elements

Multi-channel low noise arbitrary waveform generation system

Signal amplification

Enhanced noise immunity

128

channelscomputer. Signal sources are 16 channels per unit, expandable up to 128
channels. Low noise output suitable for controlling multiple qubits.
Control unit

Up to 128 channels of differential sync output and arbitrary waveform
Arbitrary waveformgeneration unit
(32 ch)output (expandable up to 1000 ch)
Arbitrary waveform can be set for each channelLess than 50 ns channel-to-channel skew

Qubit control

Up toPower supply unit

High linearity achieved by analog linear interpolation circuit and underclock
Low noise design with enhanced noise immunity

DUT holder
Multi-channel low noise
amplification system(32 channels)

Multi-channel low noise
arbitrary waveformgeneration system(32 channels)●

Reduction of common mode noise by differential signal output●

Optical fiber communication cuts off noise via PC●Low noise linear power supply reduces noise pickup through the power supply

A system is constructed by combining a control unit with up to 128 channels
an arbitrary waveform generation unit with 16 channels, and a
low-noise linear power supply unit.

Low noise
DC power supply

Specification examples are shown on page 6.

System configuration
PC

Multi-channel precision
low noise DC voltage
source(32 channels)

Optical fiberUSB• Waveform data
• Reset/Trigger

USB-opticalconversion unit

• Waveform data
• Reset/Trigger/CLKControl unit

+5 V

16±15 V+5 V

16+5 V(16 differential pairs)

Power supply unit

Magnetic field control and low-noisecircuit drive at cryogenic temperatures

Arbitrary waveform generation unit (16 channels),
8 units connected for up to 128 channels

Superconducting element

Noise floor of pA/ Hz

Annealing time

(Equivalent to conventional system)

Annealing time

Noise floor of fA/ Hz(Equivalent to NF system)

Achieves
ultralow noise

0.05

0.05

0.03

0.03

Output noise (V)Measurement of superconducting flux qubits

Output noise (V)Multi-channel arbitrary waveform generation unit (at 10 V output)

Quantum annealing circuit structure

0.01
−0.01
−0.03
−0.05

−0.1

−0.05

scientific reports ”Supplementary Materials for Factorization by Quantum Annealing Using Superconducting Flux
Qubits Implementing a Multiplier Hamiltonian”, Daisuke SAIDA et al.

0.05

0.1

0.01
−0.01
−0.03
−0.05
−0.1

−0.05

0time (s)

0.05

0.1

Expansion
151050−5−10−15

Typical signal generator (at 10 V output)

Output voltage (V)By using a low noise power supply and increasing the annealing time, the state transition occur in anarrow range

Output voltage (V)Smooth-voltagecontrol

0time (s)Output waveform

151Qubit±15 V1050−5−10012345time (μs)

678910−15
0.5time (μs)

1.52Magnetic field control and low noise circuit
drive under cryogenic temperature

Multi-channel precision low noise DC voltage source

Ultra-low noise, high accuracy, and high stability multi-channel

Signal amplification

Multi-channel low noise amplification system

Expandable
in units of
4 channels

A signal amplification system suitable for low noise, number of

low noise DC voltage source.

channels and functions can be constructed.

This voltage source reduces power supply noise for qubit

Ultra-low noise performance supports highly accurate

magnetic field control in quantum annealing computer systems

measurements.

and circuit drive at cryogenic temperatures where thermal noise
is very low.

Selectable according to sensor type: differential input (bipolar

16 channels

There are 4 channels per unit, and a multi-channel system is

16 channels

input, FET input), single-ended input (bipolar input, FET input)

Because of its high precision and high stability, it is suitable foradjusting variations in device characteristics.

possible by increasing the number of units.

Output noise voltage 10 μVrms (Bandwidth between 10 Hz and 1 MHz)
Output voltage* 0 to +16.1 V

Expandable
in units of
16 channels

Low noise 1.3 nV/ Hz (bipolar input), 2.5 nV/ Hz (FET input)
Compact housing suitable for multi-channel applications
Multifunctional

Setting resolution 100 μV
Setting accuracy ± (0.03 % + 125 µV)

16 channels

Output stability ±10 ppm/°C typ.

16 channels

Output current up to 15 mA per channel
Number of channels 16
Interface LAN/USB●

Input coupling selection DC/AC●

Input mode selection Differential/Single-ended/GND●Low-pass filter selection THRU/LPF ON (fc=1 MHz)●

Input conversion offset voltage adjustment range ±100 μV●Amplifier GND selection FLOAT/EXTERNAL

Specification examples are shown on page 6.

* Bipolar outputs available.

Ultra-low noise performance

16 channels per unit
Output voltage of each channel can be set
by external control

Equivalent input noise voltage density [nV/ Hz]

Specification examples are shown on page 6.

Low noise DC current source available
Specifications example
Output current noise 0.1 μAp-p (BW10 kHz)
Output current 0 to ±3 mA
Setting resolution 100 nA
Output Accuracy ±0.5%
Output Stability ± 25 ppm/℃ typ.

1016 channels

FET input
1Bipolar input

0.1

1001k10 k

100 k

1M

4 channels

Frequency [Hz]Noise level comparison

Output noise and output stability
Output noise voltage density vs frequency
Conventional linear PS
LP6016-01(NF)
Muti-channel PS (NF)

100 n

10 n1n

100 p
10100

1k

10 k

Frequency [Hz]100 k

Excellent low noise performance
3Output voltage drift vs temperature

61MCompetitor

NF+10ppm/℃

4Output Voltage drift [mV]Noise voltage density [V/ Hz]

1µ20-2-4-6–10ppm/℃0102030

Temperature [℃]40

Outstanding temperature stability

50X-axis: 400 μs/div. Y-axis: 2.5 mV/div.

Output waveforms (differential input, gain 40 dB, DC to 1 MHz range)
4Low noise measurement undercryogenic temperature

Low noise DUT holder for cryostat

Enhancednoiseimmunity

A rod for cooling and measuring superconducting devices such as Josephson elements with liquid

helium (4.2 K).Supports stable measurement and evaluation with various measures to improve noiseimmunity.

Signals 60 pins, differential 30 signals (can be changed bySpring probe provides stable contact and easy maintenancecustom request)

It is possible to insert a rod with levelness controlled using

Special wiring to reduce common mode noisea spirit level.

The internal structure is divided into three compartments,

Magnetic shield can (ferromagnetic material: permalloy) canenabling use while suppressing crosstalk between wiring.

be attached

The temperature of the DUT is uniform because the liquid

Built-in temperature sensor (non-magnetic compatible)

surface and the DUT are horizontal.

Specifications (example)
Multi-channel low noise arbitrary waveform generation system
Unless otherwise specified: temperature 23±5°C, load 1MΩ, LPF THRU, ATT THRU, linear interpolation circuit ON
Output waveform

Arbitrary waveform

Maximum output voltage±10 V (paired with COM; ±20 V differential)

Sampling rate

2 M S/sWaveform length

10 words to 256 K words

Number of stored waveforms

16 waveforms stored in volatile memory

Connectors

HR10-7R-4S

FormDifferential output

Maximum current

10 mAImpedance
Outputcharacteristics Channel-to-channel skewNoise50 Ω paired with COM
Within 50ns
1.2 mVrms: linear interpolation circuit ON, bandwidth 20 MHz, paired with COM
0.1 mVrms: linear interpolator OFF, bandwidth 20 MHz, paired with COM

Spirit level

Crosstalk is reduced by using
three separate compartments

Spirit level tocontrol levelness

DUT mounting board(non-magnetic)

Voltage noise density [ µV/ Hz ]Voltage noise density [ µV/ Hz ]Output connector: optical connector,Communication: Dedicated optical serial signal

Power supply unit

Input voltage: AC 100 V ±10 %, frequency: 50/60 ±2 Hz, power consumption: 270 W or less (for 16 channels)

Series regulator type

Competitor

102101100104

Frequency [Hz]Number of outputs

16 channels

Connectors

BNC receptacle connectors

Voltage setting range

0.000 0 to +16.100 0 V, all channels, resolution 100 μV

Voltage setting control

External control±(0.03 % of setting + 125 μV), at 23 °C ±5 °C, no load
±10 ppm/℃ typ.

Maximum current

15 mA for each channel, at 0 to 40 °C

Input fluctuation

Within ±0.1 mV, at power supply voltage ±10 %Ripple noise

10 μVrms or less typ. , in a bandwidth of 10 Hz to 1 MHz, output current 0 to 15 mA

Output ON/OFF

External controlInterface

USB2.0, 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX, TCP/IP

Power supply

Input voltage: AC 100 V ±10%, Input frequency: 50/60 ±2 Hz

Multi-channel low noise amplification system (4 channels)

Noise level comparison
103

Input connector: USB2.0 Type B female, Connect with PC, Communication: USB2.0 high speed

conversion adapter Output

Voltage setting accuracy
Outputcharacteristics Temperature coefficient

Magnetic shield can(permalloy)

Supports sizes up to 10mm × 10mm105106Bipolar input

103

NF

102

101

100
10-1101● Superconducting devices● Cryogenics and condensed matter physics

FET input

Input coupling

DC/ACInput mode

A-B/A/-B/GND

Input impedance

100 kΩ, coupling capacitance 1 μF

1 MΩ, coupling capacitance 0.1 μF

Equivalent Input Noise

1.3 nV/ Hz

2.5 nV/ Hz

Voltage Density

102

103

104

Frequency [Hz]

105

106

Reduced voltage noise by 1/300 at 50 Hz and 1/500 at 150 Hz compared to competitor equipment

5USB2.0Input

Multi-channel precision low noise DC voltage source

Signal wiring immune tocommon mode noise

Stable contact with springprobe (non-magnetic)

Application

Sequence, external synchronization

TypeTemperature monitor withcryogenic temperature sensor

103

ON/OFF switching by PC

USB optical

Uniform DUT temperature

102

Linear interpolation
Interface

Liquid surface and DUT are parallel

10-1
101

3 MHz: linear interpolation circuit ON, –3 dB typ. 1.6 kHz: linear interpolation circuit OFF –3 dB typ.

Other features

High voltage for driving and small
sensor signal can be separated

Spring probe

Bandwidth

Offset voltage referred to input

Adjustable to zero (input shorted, DC coupled, potentiometer setting)

Input bias current

30 nA

Input voltage range

Within ±0.1 V

Maximum output voltage/current±10 V, ±10 mA

Slew rate

22 V/μs

Output impedance

50 Ω

Voltage gain

40 dB (f=1 kHz)

Voltage gain frequency response

DC to 1 MHz (within +0.5 dB / −3.0 dB)

Low pass filter

fc = 1 MHz (Linear phase 3rd order)

External dimensions (mm)105 (W) × 88 (H) × 210 (D)Power supply*±15 V, current consumption: ±240 mA (maximum)

30 pA

600 V/μs

DC to 20 MHz (within +0.5 dB / −3.0 dB)*NF low-noise DC power supply is recommended.

6

*Note: The contents of this catalog are current as of November 7th, 2022.
Product appearance and specifications are subject to change without notice.
Before purchase, contact us to confirm the latest specifications, pricing and delivery date.

NF Techno Commerce Co., Ltd.
International Sales Division

6-3-14 Tsunashima Higashi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-0052, Japan
Phone : +81-45-777-7604 Fax : +81-45-777-7605