1ISO 20915~Life Cycle Inventory Calculation Methodology for SteelProducts~
2019 SEAISI
Conference and Exhibition
17-20 June 2019
The Athenee Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand

Shiro Watakabe
Staff General Manager
Climate Change Policy Group
Technology Planning Dept.
JFE Steel Corporation
International Environmental Strategic Committee
The Japan Iron and Steel Federation (JISF)

2Contents◆Life cycle of steel products◆ISO 20915:2018“Life cycle inventory calculation methodology for steel
products”

Life cycle of steel products

4Life Cycle Assessment◆LCA is a method for assessing the environmental
impacts of products over its life cycle.
◆LCA considers all aspects of a products life.
✓ Raw material extraction✓ Production✓ Use phase✓ Disposal and recycling✓ etc…

◆LCA is used to avoid shifting theenvironmental burden.
✓ between life cycle phases✓ from one impact category to anothersource : worldsteel

5Circulation of iron and steel products in the world (2015)• All iron and steel are recycled in the circulating material flow
composed of BF-BOF route and EAF route essentiallyconstitute closed-loop recycling.

source : JFE Group CSR report 2018

6Closed-Loop Recycling (steel)Source : JISF, http://www.jisf.or.jp/en/activity/lca/recycle/index.html

Closed-loop Recycling
Material is recycled as the same material maintaining inherent properties with infinite timesof recycling.
Thermal Recycling (Open-loop Recycling)
Electricity or steam are collected during incineration of waste. It is to reduce the volume of waste insome cases. Disposal of such as residual ash is necessary.

Cascade Recycling (Open-loop Recycling)
Material recycle with a change or degradation of quality. Material is disposed in the end.

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Importance of “Life Cycle Thinking”

Burden during
manufacturing

Burden duringusage

Recycling effectProduct 2

Product 1

Product 2

Product 1

Environmental burden◆There is a case where environmental burden is small interms of an entire life cycle even when efficiency during
use phase is high.
◆“Life cycle thinking” is essential for appropriate
evaluation of environmental burden of product.

Total burdens
during life cycle

Source: The Japan Iron and Steel Federation

ISO 20915:2018“Life cycle inventory calculation methodology forsteel products”

9Concept of worldsteel LCI calculation Methodology◆ All BF-BOF, EAF or other steel production routes are theessential factors of steel product.
◆ Scrap has an environmental value, that is a credit when steel
product is shipped, and it is a debit when using scrap such as
end-of-life scrap.

Source: The Japan Iron and Steel Federation

10International standard
ISO 20915:2018“Life cycle inventory calculation methodology for steel products”
ISO 20915:2018 describes the methodology for the calculation of life cycle
inventories of steel that can be applied to a wide range of steel products, andrepresents the main process routes for global steel production.

Published in November 2018https://www.iso.org/standard/69447.html

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Methodological procedure for LCI calculation of steel products withprovision for scrap recycling◆ A: The LCI of the steel product to the factory gate is calculated
without allocation for scrap.
◆ B: The LCI value for scrap is calculated. It is then applied in thesub-stages B1 and B2, both of these steps must be conducted.
✓ B1: The LCI value as a burden for the mass of scrap
consumed.
✓ B2: The LCI value for scrap is credited for the mass ofscrap that is going to be recovered..
◆ By aggregating A, B1 and B2
the LCI value for the steel
product with consideration
for scrap recycling can bedetermined.

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Environmental burden of steel over life cycle=> Accumulated LCI

X (LCI)=> Total steel productcredit of scrap recycling

X : LCI (ex. CO2 emission)
Xpr : LCI of producing 1 kg of crude steel
without steel scrap
Xre : LCI of producing 1 kg of crude
steel only from steel scrap
Xscrap : LCI of 1 kg of scrap
r : yield of crude steel in the Xre route

X/Xpr

Number of Life Cycle

13LCI of steel products◆ The LCI of scrap is determined by considering the benefits ofproducing new steel from scrap compared with producing thesame steel from purely iron ore based process route.
Example for Hot Rolled Coil of Japan 2014FY average
1.93
0.03

-1.25

0.71

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CO2 emission LCI data of Japan average◆ Specific CO2 emission data of each steel product over the life
cycle considering scrap recycling are approximately 40% of
those not considering scrap recycling.

finished cold rolled coilplate

hot rolled coil

0500

1000

1500

2000

A: CO2 LCI without considering scrap recycling
A/B1/B2: CO2 LCI with considering scrap recycling

2500

15Reporting◆ LCI results shall be reported for all of the components (A, B1,B2 and A+B1+B2).
◆ In cases where the goal and scope do not include an allocation
for scrap burdens and credits, cradle to gate reporting includes
scrap as a material input but without allocation of burdens orcredits.
◆ It is important to ensure that the aggregate reporting is relevantto the goals and scope of any study to which the data are beingapplied.

16worldsteel life cycle inventory data 2017
◆ Up-to-date and reliable LCI data of world/region are
on worldsteel web site.

17Conclusions◆ A new international standard, ISO 20915, waspublished in 2018. It describes the methodology forthe calculation of the steel life cycle inventories which
can be applied to steel products and represents themain process routes for global steel production.
◆ ISO 20915 helps quantitatively understanding theenvironmental impacts of materials in closed-loop
recycling, such as steel, which is the fundamental
material for achieving a sustainable society because ofits superior recyclability.

18ขอบคุณ ครับThank you!
ありがとうございました！

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Please visit …
◆ JISF LCA web-site• http://www.jisf.or.jp/en/activity/lca/index.html◆ worldsteel LCA web-site• https://www.worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/life-cyclethinking.html

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Thank you