ISSN 1020-914X

UNAFEI

NEWSLETTER
UNAFEI

UNITED NATIONS ASIA AND FAR EASTINSTITUTE FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRIME
AND THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS

No. 151September 2016

Established1961
IN THIS ISSUE

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LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR

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THE 164TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE

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EFFECTIVE MEASURES FOR TREATMENT, REHABILITATION AND SOCIAL REINTEGRATION OF
JUVENILE OFFENDERS
Course Rationale
Course Summary
Lecture Topics
Individual Presentation Topics
Group Workshop Sessions
Observation Visits
Group Study Tours
Special Events
Reference Materials
Expert and Participant List

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INFORMATION ABOUT FORTHCOMING PROGRAMMESPreparatory Meeting for the Third Country Training Programme
The 19th UNAFEI UNCAC Training Programme
The Training Seminar for Prison Officials in Myanmar, the Second Session of 2016
The Third Training Programme on Legal Assistance for Viet Nam
The 165th International Senior Seminar

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ADMINISTRATIVE NEWS
Overseas Trips by Staff
E-Mail Address Change Notification
FACULTY AND STAFF OF UNAFEI

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UNAFEI IS AN AFFILIATED REGIONAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNITED NATIONS

1-26, HARUMI-CHO, FUCHU, TOKYO 183-0057, JAPANTEL: 81-42-333-7021 ◆ FAX: 81-42-333-4656 ◆ E-MAIL: unafei@i.moj.go.jp
HOME PAGE: http://www.unafei.or.jp/

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LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR
It is my privilege to inform readers of the successful completion of the 164th International Training Course on “Effective Measures for Treatment, Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration of Juvenile Offenders”, which took place from 14 August to 23 September 2016. In
this Course, we welcomed 7 Japanese participants and 24 overseas participants (including 2
observers): 12 from Asia, 5 from Africa, 4 from South America and 3 from Oceania. The participants included judges, prosecutors, probation officers, police officers and other public
officials involved in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice. As this newsletter demonstrates, the Course was extremely productive. It consisted of lectures by visiting experts, ad
hoc lecturers, UNAFEI faculty members, individual presentations, visits to relevant criminal
justice agencies, and group-workshop and plenary sessions.
Juvenile offenders are unique in that their physical and mental development make themhighly amenable to rehabilitation. Rather than receiving criminal punishment, juvenile
offenders typically require professional counselling, guidance, education, and a sound social
environment in order to learn how to take control of their lives and pursue their life goals. For
decades, United Nations standards and norms and the Convention on the Rights of the Childhave called for the development of juvenile justice systems that emphasize “care-oriented”
treatment with custodial measures as a last resort.
UNAFEI, as one of the institutes of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal
Justice Programme Network, held this Course to offer participants an opportunity to clarify
and analyse the current situation of juvenile offenders in each participating country and to
explore more effective ways to enhance their treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration.
Additionally, the participants were able to share experiences, gain knowledge, and build ahuman network of counterparts.
During the Course, the participants diligently and comprehensively examined the main
theme, primarily through a comparative analysis. The participants shared their own experiences and knowledge of the issues and identified problems and areas in which improvements
could be made. With the academic and practical input from the visiting experts, ad hoc
lecturers and UNAFEI faculty—and the in-depth discussions they had with each other—theparticipants are now better equipped to enhance the policies and practices related to juvenile
offenders in their respective countries.
I would like to offer my sincere congratulations to all of the participants upon their successful completion of the Course, made possible by their strenuous efforts. My heartfelt
gratitude goes out to the visiting experts and ad hoc lecturers who contributed a great deal to
the Course’s success. Furthermore, I appreciate the indispensable assistance and cooperation
extended to UNAFEI by various agencies and institutions that helped diversify the Course.
I would also like to express my great appreciation to the Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA) for its immeasurable support throughout the Course. At the same time, a warm
tribute must be paid to the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF) and its branch organizations for their substantial contributions to our activities. Lastly, I owe my gratitude to all theindividuals whose unselfish efforts behind the scenes contributed significantly to the successful
realization of this Course.

2Upon returning to their home countries, I genuinely believe that, like their predecessors,
the strong determination and dedication of the participants will enable them to work towards
the improvement of their respective nations’ criminal justice systems, and towards the benefit
of international society as a whole.
Finally, I would like to reiterate my best regards to the participants of the 164th International Training Course. I hope that the experience they gained during the Course proves
valuable in their daily work and that the bonds fostered among the participants, visiting experts
and UNAFEI staff will continue to grow for many years to come.
September 2016

Keisuke SENTA
Director, UNAFEI

3
THE 164TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE
EFFECTIVE MEASURES FOR TREATMENT, REHABILITATION AND SOCIALREINTEGRATION OF JUVENILE OFFENDERS
Course Rationale

I. THE MAIN THEME OF THE COURSE
Course Rationale
Many countries have established specific juvenile justice systems and laws with a viewto promoting welfare, personal development and education. Juveniles are distinguished fromadults, and special measures are taken in every stage of the juvenile justice system.
In light of the importance of this issue, the United Nations General Assembly adopted
the “United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (TheBeijing Rules)”1 in 1985, the “United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (The Riyadh Guidelines)” 2 and the “United Nations Rules for the Protection ofJuveniles Deprived of their Liberty”3 in 1990. Moreover, “the Convention on the Rights of theChild”4 was adopted in 1989, calling for the adoption and implementation of child-sensitive
justice systems based on humanitarianism, the guarantee of due process and the expansion ofdiversion. Currently, more than 190 countries have ratified this Convention. The Convention,
rules and guidelines ensure several principles such as:• Promoting the well-being of juveniles and their families,• Minimizing the necessity of intervention,• Due process in juvenile justice systems,• Involvement of parents or guardians,• Promotion of diversion from formal process,• Avoiding deprivation of liberty (e.g., detention pending trial, institutional treatment),• Incarceration for the shortest appropriate period of time,• Encouraging the use of alternatives to institutionalization,• Protecting the privacy rights of juveniles.
Thus, the general objective of the standards is to provide more “care-oriented” treatment
for juvenile offenders.
Moreover, the Thirteenth Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice adopted
the Doha Declaration5, which underlines the importance of development of comprehensive
child-sensitive justice policies focused on the best interests of the child to protect children who
General Assembly resolution 40/33, annex.
General Assembly resolution 45/112, annex.
3 General Assembly resolution 45/113, annex.
4 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531.
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are in contact with the criminal justice system, particularly in relation to their treatment andsocial reintegration.
The above principles were adopted because juveniles are socially and psychologicallyimmature, and they are susceptible to stress and trauma. On the other hand, with appropriate
intervention and support, children are often more responsive to efforts at rehabilitation and reintegration.
According to research on adolescent brain development, adolescence now lasts longer
than ever, and the adolescent brain is surprisingly malleable. During the adolescent period, theability of self-control develops remarkably, and incarceration of adolescent children might
have adverse effects on this ability. Also, when comparing the recidivism rates of adolescents
who have had their cases handled through the formal justice system with those who have participated in diversion programmes, the rate of the former was higher than the latter6.
In light of the characteristics of juveniles and the above-mentioned research on recidivism, juveniles face a critical stage of their lives for rehabilitation and reintegration. Thus, it isimportant to promote the well-being and personal development of juveniles by providing appropriate measures and treatment, making use of this formative period.
This training course focused on the rehabilitation and social reintegration of juveniles
who are subject to institutional treatment and community-based treatment.
Objectives of the Course
Many countries implement specific measures for juveniles, such as diversion programmes, alternative measures to incarceration, restorative justice, risk and needs assessment,
and a variety of other treatment programmes. However, some countries also face challenges
including long-term detention/incarceration, lack of social inquiry (i.e., pre-sentence investigation), lack of use of diversion, and there is room for further improvement in terms of risk andneeds assessment, treatment programmes, through-care from incarceration to the community,and cooperation with other related organizations and individuals.
Thus, this course offered participants an opportunity to deepen their understanding andshare experiences and knowledge focusing on (i) juvenile justice procedures, (ii) alternative
dispositions including diversion for juvenile offenders, and (iii) effective institutional/community-based treatment for juvenile offenders.
Another objective of the course was to establish a global network of counterparts to facilitate the exchange of updated information on country practices.
In order to achieve these objectives, this course provided an opportunity to identify andexamine the current situations and challenges existing in the participants’ countries, and tobuild the participants’ knowledge of possible measures to improve current practices.
“The Doha Declaration on integrating crime prevention and criminal justice into the wider United Nations agenda toaddress social and economic challenges and to promote the rule of law at the national and international levels, andpublic participation”, Economic and Social Council resolution 2015/19, annex etc.
6 Keynote speech of Dr. Laurence Steinberg, Distinguished University Professor of Psychology at Temple University“Age of Opportunity: Lessons From the New Science of Adolescence”, Second World Congress on Community Corrections (Los Angeles, California, USA, July 2015).
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sions.

These objectives were achieved via lectures and the participants’ dialogue and discus-

TopicsSpecific topics addressed during the Course included:
1) General principles of juvenile justice systems- Definition of “juvenile” and “juvenile offence” under each country’s legal system- Purpose of the juvenile justice system- Legislation- Specific juvenile justice procedures (compared to those for adults)- Current status of juvenile offences
2) Understanding and respecting the relevant international standards and norms-	United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile
Justice (The Beijing Rules)-	United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (The
Riyadh Guidelines)- United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty- The Convention on the Rights of the Child
3) Juvenile justice procedure-	Uniqueness of fact finding procedure with respect to the offence and the background/circumstances of juveniles- Comparison to adult criminal justice systems
4) Disposition- Competent authorities-	Types of dispositions (e.g., warnings, probation, community service, compensation/restitution, restorative justice, mitigation of sentence)- Alternative measures
5) Institutional treatment- Risk / needs assessment-	Effective treatment and evaluation (e.g., education, vocational training, treatment
programmes)-	Understanding of social environment (family, peers, school, workplace) andsupport for rehabilitation and reintegration- Cooperation between institutional treatment and community-based treatment
6) Community-based (non-institutional) treatment- Risk / needs assessment-	Effective treatment and evaluation (e.g., education, vocational training, treatment
programmes)-	Understanding of social environment (family, peers, school, workplace) andsupport for rehabilitation and reintegration- Cooperation between institutional treatment and community-based treatment
7) Social reintegration- Diversion from formal system

6-(e.g., education programmes, restorative justice)
Cooperation among related agencies, organizations and individuals(e.g., school, non-governmental organization, social welfare service, volunteers)

Each participant was required to submit two papers: firstly, an overview paper of thejuvenile justice system in each participant’s country regarding the above-mentioned topics, andsecondly, an individual presentation paper relating to the Course’s main theme.

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Course Summary
Lectures
During the Course, the participants attended 42 lectures, including 6 presented by thevisiting experts, 6 by ad hoc lecturers and 7 by the faculty of UNAFEI. Three distinguishedcriminal justice practitioners served as UNAFEI’s visiting experts. They lectured on issues
relating to the main theme of the Course and contributed significantly beyond their lectures byencouraging discussions after their lectures, participating in the discussions of other programmes, and conversing with the participants on informal occasions. Additionally, the ad hoc
lectures were delivered by a Japanese Family Court Judge, a Family Court Probation Officer,
juvenile justice practitioners, and professors from Japanese universities. The lecturers andlecture topics are listed on pages 8 to 10.
Individual Presentations
During the second week of the course, all participants delivered individual presentations
which introduced the situation, problems and future prospects of the participants’ countries.
These papers were compiled onto a USB memory stick and distributed to all the participants.
The titles of these individual presentation papers are listed on pages 11 to 13.
Group Workshop Sessions
Group workshop sessions provided the participants with the opportunity to further
examine the sub-topics of the main theme. In order to conduct each session effectively, the
UNAFEI faculty selected individuals to serve as group members for the sub-topics, based on
their responses to a previously distributed questionnaire. Selected participants served as chairpersons, co-chairpersons, rapporteurs or co-rapporteurs, and faculty members served asadvisers. Each group’s primary responsibility was to explore and develop their designated
topics in the group workshop sessions. The participants and UNAFEI faculty studied the topics
and exchanged their views based on information obtained through personal experience, the individual presentations, lectures and so forth. After the group workshop sessions, reports weredrafted based on the discussions in their groups. These reports were subsequently presented in
the plenary report-back session, where they were endorsed as the reports of the Course. Briefsummaries of the group workshop reports are provided on pages 14 to 16.
Visits and Special Events
Visits to various agencies and institutions in Japan helped the participants obtain a morepractical understanding of the Japanese criminal justice system. In addition to the Course’s
academic agenda, many activities were arranged to provide a greater understanding ofJapanese society and culture, with the assistance of various organizations and individuals,
including the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF). For more detailed descriptions,please refer to pages 17 to 19.

8Lecture Topics

Visiting Experts’ Lectures
1)

Dr. Kerry Baker
• Professional Decision-making and Risk/Needs Assessment
• Working Effectively with Young Offenders• Desistance and Social Reintegration

2)

Mr. Clement Okech
• Juvenile Justice in Kenya: Growth, System and Structures• Effective Treatment and Social Reintegration of Juveniles in Kenya: Practice andLatest Developments

3)

Mr. David Prescott• The Good Lives Model: From Theory to Practice• Key Strategies for Working with Juvenile Offenders

UNAFEI Professors’ Lectures
1)

Mr. SENTA Keisuke, Director, UNAFEI• Legal instruments in crime prevention and criminal justice• Juvenile Justice Procedure

2)

Mr. MORINAGA Taro, Deputy Director, UNAFEI• Criminal Justice System in Japan: Overview

3)

Ms. AKASHI Fumiko, Professor, UNAFEI• International Standards and Norms & the Criminal Justice System in Japan (CJSJ)-Focus on the Juvenile Justice System-

94)

Mr. TSUJI Takanori, Police Superintendent, Adjunct Professor, UNAFEI• Crime Situation in Japan and Activities of Japanese Police

5)

Mr. YAMADA Masahiro, Professor, UNAFEI• Japanese Criminal Justice Procedure ~ from the point of view of a prosecutor

6)

Mr. HIRANO Nozomu, Professor, UNAFEI• Juvenile Justice in Japan7)

Ms. YAMAMOTO Mana, Professor, UNAFEI• Juvenile Institutional Corrections in Japan• Penal Institutions in Japan8)

Mr. MINOURA Satoshi, Professor, UNAFEI• Offender Rehabilitation System in Japan- Effective cooperation between professionals and volunteers • Volunteer Probation Officers in Japan9)

Mr. WATANABE Hiroyuki, Professor, UNAFEI• The Offender Rehabilitation System in Japan - For Juvenile Offenders -Ad Hoc Lectures
1)

Mr. KAWAIDE Toshihiro
Professor, Graduate School of Law and Politics, The University of Tokyo• Basic Idea and Revision of the Juvenile Act in Japan2)

Mr. KAWAMOTO Seigan
Judge, Tokyo Family Court
Ms. ONO Reiko
Deputy Chief of the Family Court Investigating Officer, Tokyo Family Court
• Juvenile Justice Procedure in Japan3)

Ms. YASUNAGA Satomi
Juvenile Development Instructor, Juvenile Support Center, Juvenile Division, Community
Safety Department, Fukuoka Prefectural Police Headquarters10• Juvenile Delinquents Are Unhappy Boys/Girls-Protecting Children through Multi-Agency Cooperation4)

Mr. AIZAWA Masashi
Professor, Oita University• Current Status and Roles of Child Guidance (Consultation) Centres and Children’s
Self-reliance Support Facilities for Juveniles with Delinquent Tendencies

5)

Ms. TSUBOI Setsuko
Lawyer / President, the social welfare corporation Carillon Children Centre• Being there for children -What we do at Carillon Children Centre-

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Individual Presentation Topics
Overseas Participants
1)

Mr. Hossen Talukder Md SHAFAYET (Bangladesh)• Juvenile Justice in Bangladesh

2)

Mr. Ugyen KELZANG (Bhutan)• Youth Rehabilitation and Development Centre

3)

Mr. Jean Cler BRUGNEROTTO (Brazil)• Juvenile Offences in Brazil: Legal Aspects, Lowering the Age of Criminal Responsibility and Consequences for the Society and Juvenile Offenders

4)

Ms. Ahiram Bruno De ALMEIDA (Brazil)• Juvenile Delinquency: Deconstructing the Logic of the Banality of Evil and the Establishment of a New Paradigm of Criminal Justice5)

Mr. Celestin BEUGRE (Cote d’Ivoire)• Effective Measures for Treatment, Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration of Juvenile
Offenders6)

Mr. Konan Seraphin KOUAME (Cote d’Ivoire)• Effective Measures for Treatment, Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration of Juvenile
Offenders7)

Mr. Fisi Tausia NASARIO (Fiji)• Juvenile Justice System in the Republic of Fiji8)

Mr. Viliame VOSAMURI (Fiji)• Effective Measures for Treatment, Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration of Juvenile
Offenders

9)Mr. Iyad Mohammad ALZOUBI (Jordan)• Correction & Rehabilitation Centres Department

10)

Mr. Ahmad Ali ALQUDAH (Jordan)• Juvenile Police Department

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11)

Ms. Joy Naitore Nkirote RIUNGU (Kenya)• Effective Measures for Treatment, Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration of Juvenile
Offenders

12)Mr. Muhammad Razmee ABD RAZAK (Malaysia)• Effective Measures for Treatment, Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration of Juvenile
Offenders13)

Ms. Fathimath Roona (Maldives)• Situation of Children in Conflict with Law in Maldives

14)

Ms. Narantuya CHOIJANTSAN (Mongolia)• Overview of the Juvenile Justice System in Mongolia

15)

Mr. Aung Myo Cohn (Myanmar)• Effective Measures for Treatment, Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration of Juvenile
Offenders16)

Ms. Mariana MARTIN (Namibia)• Challenges in Providing Reintegration Interventions for Juvenile Offenders: A Correctional Perspective

17)

Ms. Meunajo TJIROZE (Namibia)• Rehabilitation of Juvenile Offenders in Namibia: A Case for Evidence-Based Institutional Treatment

18)

Mr. Ishfaq AHMED (Pakistan)• Effective Measures for Treatment, Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration of Juvenile
Offenders19)

Ms. Linda Sagi Masina DENTANA (Papua New Guinea)• Implementing Juvenile Justice and Restorative Approaches in Papua New Guinea

20)

Ms. Veronica Liliana AGUILAR BACA (Peru)• Juvenile Criminal Lawbreakers and the Penal System in Peru

21)

Ms. Jeza Mae Sarah Calauag SANCHEZ (Philippines)• The Juvenile Justice System in the Philippines’ Box of CICL

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22)

Ms. Fara Lorena DE AVILA MACHADO (Uruguay)• Evolution of Uruguayan Imprisonment Systems
Challenges: Young Offenders’ Situation

23)

Mr. CHAN Kai Pong Albert (Hong Kong)• Institutional-based Treatment for Juvenile Offenders in Hong Kong and HKCSD’s
Response to the Current Challenges

24)

Mr. YongJu SOHN (Korea)• Effective Measures for Treatment, Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration of Juvenile
OffendersJapanese Participants
25)

Mr. FURUKAWA Mitsuhiro• Juvenile Act in 2014

26)

Mr. FUJIO Tomonori
• A Murder Case Seeking Life Imprisonment of a Juvenile

27)

Mr. YANAI Ryouichi• Effective and Protective (Educative) Measures in Family Court in Japan28)

Mr. SATOMI Akira
• Juvenile Classification Homes in Japan29)

Mr. FURUHASHI Takuya
• What Happens in Juvenile Training Schools

30)

Mr. DAINAKA Hiroyuki
• The Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents Who Have No Support from Their Parents

31)

Mr. KAMIYA Eisuke• Job Assistance for Juvenile Probationers/Parolees in Japan

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Group Workshop Sessions
Group 1DEALING WITH CHILDREN: DIVERSION, COURT ACTION, COOPERATION
Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Members

Mr. Ishfaq AHMED(Pakistan)
Mr. Fisi Tausia NASARIO(Fiji)
Ms. Linda Sagi Masina DENTANA(Papua New Guinea)
Ms. Jeza Mae Sarah Calauag SANCHEZ (Philippines)
Ms. Ahiram Bruno De ALMEIDA(Brazil)
Mr. Ryouichi YANAI(Japan)Mr. Tomonori FUJIO(Japan)Mr. Ahmad Ali ALQUDAH(Jordan)Mr. Celestin BEUGRE(Cote d’Ivoire)
Prof. HIRANO Nozomu(UNAFEI)

Advisers
Report SummaryGroup 1 focused on the role of diversion in the rehabilitation of juveniles in conflict withthe law within the context of the participating countries’ juvenile justice systems and the international standards set forth in the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (“The Beijing Rules”).
Due factors such as environment, lack of experience and stage of mental development,
juveniles in conflict with the law are particularly responsive to rehabilitative and social reintegration approaches. Measures that divert these juveniles from the traditional criminal justicesystem are more effective than a traditional retributive approach. Thus, diversion redirects
juveniles to the community support services they need to get their lives back on track.
The Beijing Rules establish standards for the administration of juvenile justice, and oneof the fundamental concepts is the establishment of a competent judicial authority, such as
family or juvenile courts, that specializes in handling cases involving juveniles. Other key
principles a fair and effective juvenile justice system include: involvement of parents,
guardians and legal counsel; the use of social inquiry reports; a variety of disposition measures
so as to avoid institutionalization to the greatest extent possible; avoidance of unnecessary
delay in the disposition of cases; ensuring the confidentiality of case records involving
juveniles; and the need for professionalism and training for juvenile justice practitioners.
The group stressed the importance of inter-organizational cooperation with related governmental agencies and other criminal justice practitioners, such as the police, prosecutors, thecourts, probation, and juvenile correctional facilities. Such cooperation is necessary for thesmooth functioning of the juvenile justice system, and all countries reported some level of interaction between these agencies. Furthermore, all group members agreed that public-private
partnerships can support rehabilitation through the establishment of private halfway houses,
finding employment for juveniles and teaching them vocational skills, organizing volunteers to
support rehabilitation, and so on.
The treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration of juveniles into society requires aholistic approach on the part of all stakeholders of the criminal justice system, as well as theactive participation of the community and the private sector. To ensure that these goals aremet, the group recommended, among others, (1) the use of enlightening and educational
diversion programmes tailored to juveniles, (2) promoting volunteerism to encourage citizens
to work with juveniles, (3) information sharing by and between governmental agencies and theprivate sector to enhance services provided to juveniles, and (4) the collection of data on recidivism to assess current diversion methods.

15Group 2
THE IDEAL JUVENILE JUSTICE MODEL, KEY INNOVATIONS AND PRACTICES
Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Members

Mr. Ugyen Kelzang
Mr. Takuya Furuhashi
Ms. Meunajo Tjiroze
Ms. Ch. Narantuya
Mr. Viliame Vosamuri
Ms. Veronica Aguilar
Mr. Iyad Alzoubi
Mr. YongJu Sohn
Mr. Hiroyuki Dainaka
Mr. Akira Satomi
Prof. Yamamoto Mana

(Bhutan)(Japan)(Namibia)(Mongolia)(Fiji)(Peru)(Jordan)(Republic of Korea)(Japan)(Japan)(UNAFEI)

Adviser
Report Summary
The group members considered the ideal model for juvenile justice by focusing on fourmain themes: (1) procedures for appropriate treatment; (2) risk/needs assessment and treatment
programmes; (3) reintegration; and (4) inter-agency cooperation and governmental support.
Appropriate treatment of juveniles in conflict with the law requires specialized juvenile
justice personnel, such as police, prosecutors, family/juvenile courts, rehabilitation centres,
and professional and volunteer probation officers. The group identified the challenges of thelack of appropriate legislation, budget and skilled human resources. Additionally, more efforts
should be taken to consider the rights of victims throughout the juvenile justice process.
Risk/needs assessment was identified as a key component of an ideal juvenile justicesystem. Low-risk juveniles can be treated in the community while high-risk juveniles can betreated in an institution to ensure the best outcomes. While some countries have advanced
standardized assessment tools to guide the treatment of juveniles in conflict with the law, somecountries have no tools at all. The group suggested that countries without advanced tools
perform a S.W.O.T. analysis to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
with respect to juveniles in need to treatment. Once an assessment is conducted, treatment programmes such as life-skills training with a focus on criminogenic needs, emotional development training and vocational training can be implemented as appropriate. Other novel approaches discussed by the group include initiatives to improve juveniles’ self-reliance and decision-making abilities and the practice of including various members from the juveniles’communities, such as village elders, police officers and social welfare officials, in the processof diversion and treatment.
The group members agreed that the purpose of criminal sanctions should be the successful reintegration of the offender upon release, noting that juveniles in conflict with the law facenumerous challenges during the process of reintegration into society. These challenges include
the lack of resources, employment and social support, psychological problems, and difficulty
dealing with the transition period, including dealing with social stigma. Noting that an ideal
system would allow the individual to return to society with a “reinvented” identity, practices
such as pre-release and re-entry programmes and family support measures were suggested asmeasures to facilitate reintegration.
Inter-agency cooperation and governmental support are also important to facilitate reintegration. Key practices identified by the group include the sharing of information between
agencies through shared databases, the establishment of funds aimed at assisting ex-offenders
upon their release, the implementation of risk management models, and human-resources
exchanges between relevant agencies. Private-sector support was also encouraged through theestablishment of partnerships with businesses, non-profit organizations and faith-based organizations.

16Group 3Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Co-Rapporteur
Members

SOCIAL REINTEGRATION
Mr. Konan Seraphin Kouame
Mr. Furukawa Mitsuhiro
Ms. Fathimath Roona
Ms. Mariana Martin
Ms. Joy Naitore Nkirote Riungu
Mr. Hossen Talukder Md Shafayet
Mr. Jean Cler Brugnerotto
Mr. Muhammad Razmee Abdul Razak
Mr. Chan Kai Pong Albert
Mr. Kamiya Eisuke
Mr. Aung Myo Cohn
Prof. Fumiko Akashi
Mr. Lucas Perrin(Cote d’Ivoire)(Japan)(Maldives)(Namibia)(Kenya)(Bangladesh)(Brazil)(Malaysia)(Hong Kong)(Japan)(Myanmar)(UNAFEI)(France)

Adviser
Assistant
Report SummaryGroup 3 addressed the challenges of social reintegration of juveniles in conflict with thelaw. The group members agreed that detention is not always the appropriate way to deal withjuvenile offenders, and, thus, they proposed solutions in reference to the following points:
diversion and alternative sentencing; crime prevention; and inter-agency cooperation with thecommunity and the private sector.
Diversion, as described in the Beijing Rules, is a process through which the police, prosecutors and other agencies are empowered to dispose of cases involving juveniles without proceeding to a formal hearing. Diversion measures include cautioning, reparations, restorative
justice measures, etc. Alternative sentencing is applied to juveniles who have been formallyprocessed through the juvenile justice system, and these measures avoid typical custodial
sentences. Alternative sentencing measures include probation, community service, conditionalor unconditional discharge, training and rehabilitation treatment.
The group identified challenges facing social reintegration of juveniles, particularly stigmatization, lack of employment opportunities, lack of professionals with specialized skills andknowledge, the lack of availability of community resources, etc. To address these challenges,
Group 3 proposed the promotion of diversion and alternative measures through professional
training and use of the media, relying on volunteers to supplement the work of trained professionals, and adopting legislation that formalizes the use of diversion and alternative sentencing.
Some countries reported that they lack specific laws and strategies relating to crime prevention at the national level. It was also recognized that where such laws exist, it is often thecase that crime prevention programmes lack sufficient resources and are not coordinated orsustained by various agencies involved. The group stressed the importance of public awarenessand education to promote crime prevention and social reintegration. These measures should bedirected both at juveniles in conflict with the law and the general public through various
methods including community supervision, annual crime prevention campaigns, and use of theelectronic and print media.
Finally, the group agreed that inter-agency cooperation with non-governmental agencies,
as well as governmental agencies, is important to foster the social reintegration of juveniles.
Nevertheless, many countries lack policy guidelines and legislation, lack awareness, and lacksufficient resources. Countries should develop strategies, legislation and procedures for interagency cooperation, increase resources and incentives for such cooperation, and involve thecommunity in seeking solutions.

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Observation Visits

Date

Agency/Institution

Main Persons Concerned

24 Aug.
Ministry of Justice		• Mr. KANEDA Katsutoshi(Minister of Justice)Tokyo Probation Office• Ms. UNEMOTO Naomi		(Director General of the Rehabilitation
Bureau)
31 Aug.

Hachiohji Juvenile ClassificationHome

8 Sep.
Supreme Court		Tokyo District Court
Tokyo Family Court• Mr. WATANABE Satoru(Director)• Mr. ONUKI Yoshinobu(Supreme Court Judge)• Ms. OMORI Takako(Section Chief)

18Group Study Tours

Date

Location

Agency/Institution

Main Persons Concerned

14 Sep.
Hiroshima		Halfway House“With Hiroshima”• Mr. YAMADA Kan-ichi(President)

15 Sep.
Nara
Nara Juvenile Prison• Mr. IWAMOTO Yasuhiko			(Director of General Affairs
Division)				Nara Juvenile Training
School• Mr. KURASHIGE Hideki(Director)

16 Sep.
Osaka
		
		
		

Children’s Self-reliance
Support Facility,
Osaka Prefectural“Shutoku Gakuin”• Mr. YOSHIKAWA Masaki(Director)

19
Special Events

17 Aug.	 
19, 23, 25 Aug.	 

Welcome Party     Japanese Conversation Classes      The overseas participants attended three Japanese conversation classes and learned
practical Japanese expressions. The sensei (teachers) were Ms. KOIKE Keiko and Ms.
KOHNO Rinko from EP academy.
24 Aug.	 

Courtesy Call to the Minister of Justice andReception by the Vice-Minister of Justice    At the conclusion of their courtesy visit to the Minister of Justice, Mr. KANEDA Katsutoshi, a reception was held for the participants by the Vice-Minister of Justice, Mr. INADA
Nobuo, at the Danwa-shitsu lounge on the 20th floor of the ministry building, overlooking
Hibiya Park.
26 Aug.	 

UNAFEI International Table Tennis Tournament    

The UNAFEI Table Tennis Tournament was held in the auditorium. Mixed teams of international participants, Japanese participants and UNAFEI faculty and staff were formed, andcompeted against each other.
3, 4 Sep.	 

ACPF Branches Study Tour    

The participants were invited to visit branches of the ACPF in six locations around
Japan. The participants split into groups and visited Sapporo, Fukushima, Tochigi, Nagano,
Nagoya and Osaka. They visited local criminal justice facilities and had an opportunity to dosome sight-seeing. In addition, each branch held a reception in honour of the participants
visiting their region.
6, 7 Sep.	 

Social with Volunteer Probation Officers    

The participants had an opportunity to exchange views with Japanese Volunteer
Probation Officers at a social at UNAFEI.
10 Sep.	 

Home Visits    The Volunteer Probation Officers Association in Support of UNAFEI’s Activities kindlyorganized a home visit programme. The hosts were Mr. ISHIZAKI, Ms. KAWASE, Mr.
SHIMADA, Mr. TANAKA and Ms. SHIBATA. They kindly invited the participants to theirhomes.
21 Sep.	 

Farewell Party

A party was held to bid farewell to the participants.

    

20
Reference Materials
UNAFEI’S 164TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE
LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIALS
A. United Nations Conventions and Related Documents

1

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (EN-JP)

2

United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice(The Beijing Rules)

3

United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (The Riyadh
Guidelines)

4

United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty

B. Japanese Law

1Penal Code (EN-JP)

2

Code of Criminal Procedure (EN-JP)
1 (Part 1 and Part 2), 2 (Part 3)3

Juvenile Act (EN-JP)

4

Offenders Rehabilitation Act (EN-JP)

5

Volunteer Probation Officers Act (EN-JP)

6

Child Welfare Act (EN-JP)

21
Expert and Participant List
Visiting Experts
Dr. Kerry BAKER

Senior Lecturer
London South Bank University
United Kingdom

Mr. Clement OKECH

Assistant Director
Probation Service
Kenya

Mr. David PRESCOTT

Director of Professional Development and Quality
Improvement
Becket Family of Services
United States of America

Overseas Participants
Mr. Hossen Talukder Md SHAFAYET

Principal (Deputy Director)
Department of Social Services
Ministry of Social Welfare
Bangladesh

Mr. Ugyen KELZANG

Superintendent of Police
Division IX, Trashigang, Royal Bhutan Police
BhutanMs. Ahiram Bruno De ALMEIDA

Procedural Analyst
Office of Federal Prosecution in State of Sergipe
Federal Prosecution Service
BrazilMr. Jean Cler BRUGNEROTTO

Federal Prison AgentFederal Prison of Campo GrandeFederal Prison Department
BrazilMr. Celestin BEUGRE

Magistrate
Ministry of JusticeCote d’lvoire

22
Mr. Konan Seraphin KOUAME

Judge in Correctional and Civil Matters
Higher Level Court of Abengourou
Ministry of JusticeCote d’lvoire

Mr. Fisi Tausia NASARIODivisional Prosecuting Officer / Southern
Prosecution
Fiji Police ForceFiji

Mr. Viliame VOSAMURIDivisional Rehabilitation Officer
Rehabilitation Unit
Fiji Corrections Service Organization
Fiji

Mr. Ahmad Ali ALQUDAH

Training Section Chief
Training Section, Juvenile Police Department
JordanMr. Iyad Mohammad ALZOUBI

Prison Director
Aqaba Prison, Prison Service
JordanMs. Joy Naitore Nkirote RIUNGU

Senior Probation Officer
Field Services Division
Probation and Aftercare Service
Kenya

Mr. Muhammad Razmee ABD RAZAK

Principal, Tunas Bakti Approved School
Department of Social Welfare Malaysia
Malaysia

Ms. Fathimath Roona

Director
Juvenile Crime Prevention
Advocacy and Research
Juvenile Justice Unit, Ministry of Home Affairs
Maldives23
Ms. Narantuya CHOIJANTSAN

Senior Officer
Department of the Treaty, Law and Cooperation
Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs
Mongolia

Mr. Aung Myo Cohn

Assistant Director
Prisons Department, Ministry of Home Affairs
MyanmarMs. Mariana MARTIN

Head, Community Supervision,
Rehabilitation and Reintegration
Namibian Correctional Service
Namibia

Ms. Meunajo TJIROZE

HeadMental Health and Special Needs Offenders
Rehabilitation and Reintegration
Namibian Correctional Service
Namibia

Mr. Ishfaq AHMED

Deputy Inspector General
Baltistan Division
Police Department(Government of Gilgit Baltistan)
Pakistan

Ms. Linda Sagi Masina DENTANA

Probation Officer
Community Based Corrections
Department of Justice and Attorney General
Papua New Guinea

Ms. Veronica Liliana AGUILAR BACA Head of the Family Police Station
Direction of Protection of Family and Vulnerable
PeopleNational Police of Peru
Peru
Ms. Jeza Mae Sarah Calauag SANCHEZ Administrative and Legal Officer
Office of the Chief
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
Philippines

24
Ms. Fara Lorena DE AVILA MACHADO National Technical Assistant Branch
Technical National Subaddress
National Rehabilitation Insitute (INR)
Ministry of Interior
Uruguay
Mr. CHAN Kai Pong Albert(Observer)

Principal Officer
Hong Kong Correctional Services Department
Hong Kong

Mr. YongJu SOHN
(Observer)

Director, Welfare Section
Ulsan Detention Centre
Korea

Japanese Participants
Mr. DAINAKA Hiroyuki

Probation Officer
Shizuoka Probation Office

Mr. FUJIO Tomonori

Public Prosecutor
Matsue District Public Prosecutors Office

Mr. FURUHASHI Takuya

Director of 1st Division of Juvenile Correction
Service
Takamatsu Regional Correction Headquarters

Mr. FURUKAWA Mitsuhiro

Public Prosecutor’s Assistant Officer
Osaka District Public Prosecutors Office

Mr. KAMIYA Eisuke

Probation Officer
Tokyo Probation Office

Mr. SATOMI Akira

Principal Specialist
Fukuoka Juvenile Classification Home
Kokura Branch

Mr. YANAI Ryouichi

Family Court Investigating Officer
Mito Family Court
Tsuchiura Branch

25
INFORMATION ABOUT FORTHCOMING PROGRAMMES
1. 		 Preparatory Meeting for the Third Country Training Programme
From 27 to 29 September 2016, UNAFEI will host a preparatory meeting for the Third
Country Training Programme. In addition to preparing for the TCTP, which will be held in
spring 2017, the meeting will facilitate the exchange of information on the legal basis forprobation in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Viet Nam (the “CLMV” countries), as well as
Thailand and Japan.
2. 		 The 19th UNAFEI UNCAC Training Programme
From 12 October to 17 November 2016, UNAFEI will host the 19th UNAFEI UNCAC
Training Programme in Tokyo, Japan. The theme of the Programme is “Effective Anti-Corruption Enforcement (investigation and prosecution) in the area of procurement”. Visiting experts,
lecturers and government officials from Japan and around the world will attend.
3. 		 The Training Seminar for Prison Officials in Myanmar, the Second Session of 2016
In November 2016, the Training Seminar for Prison Officials will take place in
Myanmar. The seminar will focus on offender classification and risk assessment, as well as
anger management techniques for correctional officers and inmates.
4. 		 The Third Training Programme on Legal Assistance for Viet Nam
In December 2016 in Tokyo, Japan, UNAFEI will host the Third Training Programme
on Legal Assistance for Viet Nam.
5. 		 The 165th International Senior Seminar
From 9 January to 10 February 2016, UNAFEI will host the 165th International Senior
Seminar in Tokyo, Japan. The main theme of the Seminar is “Juvenile Justice and the United
Nations Standards and Norms”. Government officials from across Southeast Asia and otherparts of the world, including Japan, and visiting experts and lecturers will attend.

26
ADMINISTRATIVE NEWS
Overseas Trips by Staff
Deputy Director MORINAGA Taro and Professor YAMAMOTO Mana visited Helsinki,
Finland from 12 to 18 June to attend the experts’ meeting of the International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation (IPPF).
Professor MINOURA Satoshi and AKASHI Fumiko visited Beijing, China from 17 to
19 June to attend the Asia Criminology Society 8th Annual Conference.
Professor YAMAMOTO Mana visited Manila, Philippines from 27 to 30 July to attend aworkshop on developing effective intake, risk assessment, and monitoring tools and strategies
for incarcerated terrorist offenders held by the Global Counter Terrorism Forum (GCTF).
Professor MINOURA Satoshi visited Bangkok, Thailand from 15 to 19 August to attend
the seminar on treatment of offenders in the ASEAN region.
Professor YOSHIMURA Koji visited Yangon, Myanmar and Bangkok, Thailand from
28 August to 3 September to discuss plans for the UNODC-UNAFEI Seminar for Myanmar
Prison Officials in FY2017.
E-Mail Address Change Notification
Our e-mail address has changed to unafei@i.moj.go.jp. Please note that unafei@moj.
go.jp will expire on or before 31 March 2017.

27
FACULTY AND STAFF OF UNAFEI
Faculty:
Mr. SENTA Keisuke
Mr. MORINAGA Taro
Ms. AKASHI Fumiko
Ms. YAMAMOTO Mana

Mr. YUKAWA Tsuyoshi
Ms. WATANABE Ayuko
Mr. YAMADA Masahiro
Mr. HIRANO Nozumu
Mr. YOSHIMURA Koji
Mr. WATANABE Hiroyuki
Mr. MINOURA Satoshi
Mr. Thomas L. SCHMID

Secretariat:
Mr. JIMBO Katsuhiko
Mr. SHOJIMA Naoki
Mr. ITO Jin

Director
Deputy Director
Professor
164th Seminar Programming Officer
Professor
164th Seminar Deputy Programming Officer
Chief of Research Division
Professor
Chief of Training Division
Professor
Professor
Professor
Professor
Professor
Chief of Information and Public Relations
Professor
Linguistic Adviser

Chief of Secretariat
Chief of General and Financial Affairs Section
Chief of Training and Hostel Management Affairs
SectionGeneral and Financial Affairs Section:
Mr. MIYAGAWA Wataru
Senior Officer
Mr. OZAWA Yoichi
OfficerMs. ODA Michie
OfficerMr. FURUHASHI Yasuhiko
OfficerTraining and Hostel Management Affairs Section:
Mr. UEKI KatsuhikoSenior Officer
Ms. SATO Marie
Senior Officer
Ms. HANDO Mayumi
Senior Officer
164th Assistant Programming Officer

28
Mr. OHNO Kuniaki
Ms. EMA Ayako

Officer
OfficerInternational Research Affairs Section:
Mr. HANEDA Jun
OfficerMs. IWAKATA Naoko
Librarian

Secretarial Staff:
Ms. YAMADA Hisayo

Officer

Kitchen:Ms. ODAGIRI Maki

Chef

JICA Coordinator for the 164th International Training Course:
Ms. HISA Keiko
JICA
Ms. YAMAMOTO Miki
JICA

UNAFEI Home Page: http://www.unafei.or.jp/
UNAFEI E-mail: unafei@i.moj.go.jp