Summer School at Waseda UniversityththAugust 5 -8 2008

Summer School on Regional Integration 2008
A Joint Program of:
Graduate School of International Studies, Seoul National University;
School of Economics, Peking University;
School of Public Economics & Administration, Shanghai University of
Finance & Economics;
Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda University(Photo: The Central Library of Waseda University, by PC Han)

Session II: Tokyo Program
Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda University
Building No.19, GSAPS, Waseda University
August 5—8, 2008thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Contents
Message from the Dean of GSAPS ............................................. 2
Program of the Waseda Summer School .................................... 3
Greetings from the Waseda Staff ................................................ 5
Outline of the Summer School in Tokyo ................................... 6
Lecuterers & Course Outlines ...................................................... 7
L1. Prof. Tsuneo Akaha………………………………………….8
L2. Prof. Hatsue Shinohara ....................................................... 13
L3. Prof. Akiko Kamogwa......................................................... 16
L4. Prof. Kyosuke Kurita ........................................................... 19
L5. Prof. Shigeto Sonoda ........................................................... 21
L6. Prof. Shujiro Urata ............................................................... 25
Introduction to The Ministry of Foregin Affaris of Japan..... 28
Map of Waseda University ......................................................... 34
Information on Villa Fontaine Hotel-Otemachi...................... 371

thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Message from the Dean of GSAPSDr. Satoshi Amako
Dean, Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda University
Expertise
Political System of China; International
Relations in East Asia; Social Change andDevelopment in China
Ph.D. in Sociology(Hitotsubashi University)

The economic development of East Asia since the 1980s has beenremarkable. After the 90s, it has come to be known as "the miracle of East Asia"and the region has been called "the center of world economy growth." East Asia
has overcome the "1997 Asian financial crisis" and its economic growthcontinues, while strong regional cooperation is also maintained.
However, there are some serious historical and political confrontations in
the region, particularly between China, South Korea, and Japan. China’s
neighboring nations feel uneasy about the rapid reinforcement of its military, its
dynamic economy, and its energy acquisition diplomacy. Each country isdealing with the problem of expanding gap between the rich and the poor, theaggravation of cross-border environmental problems, etc. These are but a few ofthe problems facing East Asia.
In order to open a new page in "the future of Asia," it is very important thatyou -- members of the young generation -- who are future "citizens of Asia" andmembers of the future elite of each country, have an opportunity to meet
together, discuss the future of Asia, and examine cooperation and symbiosis of
Asia.
Let's make a dynamic network from the Summer School and promote Asian
regionalism and together move forward toward a mature Asian civil society,2thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Asian integration, and a new future!

ProgramMain Venue: Building #19, Room 311
August 4 (Monday)
Arrival in Tokyo
Check in at Hotel Villa Fontaine-Otemachi(Address: Uchi-Kanda 1-8-8, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0047;
Tel:

03-3291-7770; Fax:

03-3291-7778;

Website: http://www.hvf.jp/eng/otemachi.php)
Note: All lectures will be held in Room 311, third floor, Bldg. 19, except for Professor
Kurita’s lecture on August 7, which will take place in Room 708 on the seventh floor,
Bldg. 19.

Lunch will be served in Room 313, third floor, Bldg. 19.

August 5 (Tuesday)
9:30 a.m.-10:00 a.m.
Welcome remarks by Prof. Satoshi Amako
10:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.
Lecture by Prof. Tsuneo Akaha – “Integration in East Asia and Security
Issues in Northeast Asia”
2:00 p.m.-4:30 p.m.
Lecture by Prof. Hatsue Shinohara – “From Collective Memory toTransnational History”
August 6 (Wednesday)
10:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.
Visit to Cultural Sites, led by Prof. Akaha and Staff3

thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

2:00 p.m.-4:30 p.m.
Visit to the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs (MOFA), led by Prof. Akaha
August 7 (Thursday)
10:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.
Lecture by Prof. Akiko Kamogawa – “Asian Integration and Student
Mobility”
2:00 p.m.-4:30 p.m. (Room 708)
Lecture by Prof. Kyosuke Kurita – “Asian Economic Integration and
Empirical Studies“
August 8 (Friday)
10:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.
Lecture by Prof. Shigeto Sonoda – “Perception of Foreign Countries and‘Asian Consciousness’ in East Asia”
2:00 p.m.-4:30 p.m.
Lecture by Prof. Shujiro Urata – "A Shift from Market-Driven to
Institution—Driven Regionalization in East Asia"
5:30 p.m.-7:00 p.m.
Farewell party (125 Café, on campus)
August 9 (Saturday)
Free dayAugust 10 (Sunday)
Depart for Seoul

4thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Greetings from Waseda Staff
We enthusiastically welcome you as our honorable participants. It is
our great pleasure to coordinate the Summer School program. We believe
this program will give all of us a valuable experience. Let us actively
expand our networks and visions to create an East Asian community
through intellectual and academic exchanges.
This might be the very first time for some of you to visit Japan. We trustthat you will stay safe and fit, physically and mentally, during the entire
program. We would like to remind you that for your own safety you
should carry your passport with you at all time during your stay in Japan.
If you have an emergency during the period of August 5-8, please contact
us. Ms. Pei-chun HAN (cell phone number 080-5188-7027; August 5-6)
and Mr. Xianghe WEN (090-9689-4058; August 7-9) will stay with you atyour hotel.

We will respond to you as promptly as possible.

Thank

you for your cooperation.
We sincerely wish you have a wonderful experience with us in Tokyo!!
Best Regards,

Cheng ZHENG
Uemura TAKESHI
Peichun HAN

Xianghe WEN
Yuan YAO

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Outline of the Summer School in Tokyo
In Asia today, the tide of interdependence and cooperation, particularlyin the fields of economic and cultural exchanges, is rapidly expanding. As
is often stated, what is actually taking place is “de facto cooperation andintegration.” However, the institutionalization of regional cooperationand integration remains very limited. One of the most serious issues
among Asian countries is that they fail to consider problems that exist
outside of their own country as seriously as those that occur within theirnational boundaries. In other words, regional cooperation is limited to thestate level. With a structure of interdependence being built, on a non-statelevel, one of the fundamental tasks for the region is to train individuals
who are committed to the idea that Asia needs to create positive-sum(win-win) relationships between countries and peoples. Moreover, people
must go beyond simple national interests and pursue “Asia’s common
regional interests,” which will also contribute to national interests in a
broader sense. Furthermore, it is important to develop and work throughinstitutions from a long-term perspective in order to support the people
who embrace and share these ideas.
Up to the present time, Japan has trained engineers and specialists invarious fields by using ODA and other means, and carried out capacity
building efforts to provide people with comprehensive knowledge.
However, it is unclear to what extent such personnel training programs
have been carried out with a long-term strategic vision with respect to theneeds of Asia. With this in mind, we need to tackle and overcome theexisting problems of regional integration. We hope to create a programfor full-fledged capacity building based on a long-term perspective toconstruct an “Asian community,” and undertake experimental projects to
put this idea into practice.

6thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Lecturers & Course Outlines
Day 1: August 5 (Tuesday)
L1: 10:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.
Lecture by Prof. Tsuneo Akaha – “Integration in East Asia and Security Issues inNortheast Asia”
L2: 2:00 p.m.-4:30 p.m.
Lecture by Prof. Hatsue Shinohara – “From Collective Memory to Transnational
History”
Day 3: August 7 (Thursday)
L3: 10:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.
Lecture by Prof. Akiko Kamogawa – “Asian Integration and Student Mobility”
L4: 2:00 p.m.-4:30 p.m. (Room 708)
Lecture by Prof. Kyosuke Kurita – “Asian Economic Integration and Empirical
Studies“Day 4: August 8 (Friday)
L5: 10:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.
Lecture by Prof. Shigeto Sonoda – “Perception of Foreign Countries and ‘Asian
Consciousness’ in East Asia”
L6: 2:00 p.m.-4:30 p.m.
Lecture by Prof. Shujiro Urata – "A Shift from Market-Driven to InstitutionDriven Regionalization in East Asia"

7thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Professor Tsuneo AKAHA
Director, Center for East Asian Studies, Monterey Institute of International
Studies
Visiting Professor, Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda
University

ExpertiseInternational Relations of East Asia, Japanese Foreign and
Security Policies, Non-traditional Security, Human Security,
Human Migration in Northeast Asia
Ph.D. in International Relations(University of Southern California)

Brief Profile：
Dr. Tsuneo Akaha is the author of Japan in Global Ocean Politics (1985) and theeditor/co-editor of Crossing National Borders: Human Migration Issues in Northeast Asia
(2005); The Future of North Korea (2002); Politics and Economics in Northeast Asia:
Nationalism and Regionalism in Contention (1999); Politics and Economics in the Russian
Far East: Changing Ties with Asia-Pacific (1997); International Political Economy (1991);
and Japan in the Posthegemonic World (1990).
Professor Akaka’s most recent publications include: "Japan and the Recurrent Nuclear
Crisis," in Hagstrom and Soderberg, eds., North Korea Policy: Japan and the Great Powers,
London: Routledge, 2006; "Japanese Policy toward the North Korean Problem:
Balancing Bilateralism and Multilateralism," Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2006;
and "Non-traditional Security Cooperation for Regionalism in Northeast Asia," inMori and Hirano, eds., A New East Asia: Toward a Regional Community, Singapore:
National University of Singapore Press, 2007.

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thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Lecture 1: Integration in East Asia and Security Issues in Northeast Asia
Lecturer: Dr. Tsuneo Akaha
Overall question: Is integration in East Asia desirable, possible, and likely andhow do security issues in Northeast Asia affect East Asian integration?
In order to answer the above question, the lecture/discussion in this session will
critically examine East Asia as a region and the obstacles and opportunities that
security issues in Northeast Asia present to regional integration in East Asia.
1. "Region": What is a "region"?

How do we know a region when we see

it?
a. Geographical approach vs. a functional approachb. Strategic approach: security dilemma vs. security communityc. Economic approach: economic community, self-sufficiency,
interdependenced. Cultural/civilizational identity: nationalism vs. regionalism vs.
globalism
e. Descriptive, normative, and proscriptive approaches toward
region-building
2. East Asia as a Region
a. Geographical definition: Asia, East Asia, Asia-Pacific, Pacific Rim
b. Historical perspectives: national narratives and beyondc. Strategic perspectives: national, regional, and global perspectives
d. Economic perspectives: national, regional, and global
perspectives
e. Cultural/civilizational perspectives: foundations of regional
identity
3. Region-building in East Asia: Realist, Liberal/Institutionalist, andConstructivist Views
a. Realist (Neo-realist) viewb. Liberal/Institutionalist view9thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

c. Constructivist viewd. Human security perspective
4. Security Issues in Northeast Asia
a. Historical legacy
b. Nationalism vs. regionalism
c. Traditional security issues: territorial disputes, military security
issuesd. Non-traditional security issues
e. Institutionalizing security cooperation: traditional or
non-traditional security first?
5. An Example of Traditional Security: North Korea and Six-Party Talks
a. North Korea's nuclear and missile development
b. National perspectives and interestsc. Six-Party Talks as an institution
d. Implications for regional integration in East Asia: as obstacle andopportunity
Background Reading:
Tsuneo Akaha, ed., Politics and Economics of Northeast Asia: Nationalism andRegionalism in Contention, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999,
Muthiah Alagappa, ed., Asian Security Practice: Material and Ideational Influences,
Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
Charles K. Armstrong, Gilbert Rozman, Samuel S. Kim, and Stephen Kotkin, eds.,
Korea at the Center: Dynamics of Regionalism in Northeast Asia, Armonk, NY: M.E.
Sharpe, 2006.
Yong Deng and Fei-Ling Wang, eds., China Rising: Power and Motivation in
Chinese Foreign Policy, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005.
G. John Ikenberry and Michael Mastanduno, eds., International Relations Theory
and the Asia-Pacific, New York: Columbia University Press, 2003.
Samuel S. Kim, eds., The International Relations of Northeast Asia, Lanham:10

thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.
Ramesh Thakur and Edward Newman, eds., Broadening Asia’s Security Discourseand Agenda: Political, Social, and Environmental Perspectives, Tokyo: United
Nations University Press, 2004.

Required Reading (read in the order listed):
Edward D. Mansfield and Helen V. Milner, "The Political Economy ofRegionalism: An Overview," in Mansfield and Milner, eds., The Political Economy
of Regionalism, New York: Columbia University Press, 1997, pp. 1-19.
Peter J Katzenstein, "Regionalism and Asia," New Political Economy, Abingdon,
Vol. 5, Iss. 3 (November 2000).
Vinod K. Aggarwal and Min Gyo Koo, "Economic and Security Regionalism: Is It
Finally Time," Global Asia, Vol. 1, No. 1 (2007), pp. 28-41.
Nayan Chanda, “When Asia Was One,” Global Asia, Vol. 1, No. 1 (September2006), pp. 58-68.
Tsuneo Akaha, “Asia-Pacific Regionalism and Northeast Asia Subregionalism,”
Global Economic Review, Vol. 27, No. 4 (Winter 1998), pp. 20-44.
T.J. Pempel, "Northeast Asian Economic Integration: A Region in Flux,"
Asia-Pacific Review, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2007), pp. 45-61.
Tsuneo Akaha, "Non-traditional Security Cooperation for Regionalism inNortheast Asia," in Kazuko Mori and Kenichiro Hirano, eds., A New East Asia:
Toward a Regional Community, Singapore: National University of Singapore Press,
2007, pp. 183-198.
Qian Qichen, "Toward a Bright Future of Regionalism," Global Asia, Vol. 1, No. 1(September 2006), pp. 19-21.
Wei Liang, "China: Globalization and the Emergence of a New Status Quo
Power?" Asian Perspective, Vol. 31, No. 4 (2007), pp. 125-149.
The Pew Global Attitudes Project, "China's Neighbors Worry about Its Growing
Military Strength: Publics of Asian Powers Hold Negative Views of One

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Another," September 21, 2006.
Yasuhiro Nakasone, "The Route to an East Asian Community," Global Asia, Vol. 1,
No. 1 (September 2006), pp. 16-18.
Henry Laurence, "Japan's Proactive Foreign Policy and the Rise of the BRICs,"
Asian Perspective, Vol. 31, No. 4 (2007), pp. 177-203.
Kim Dae-jung, "Regionalism in the Age of Asia," Global Asia, Vol. 1, No. 1(September 2006), pp. 10-12.
Wang Hwi Lee, San Moon Ma, and Kun Young Park, "Korean Foreign Policy
and the Rise of the BRICs Countries," Asian Perspective, Vol. 31, No. 4 (2007), pp.
177-203.
Evgenii Primakov, "Reflections on New Trends in the Region," Global Asia, Vol. 1,
No. 1 (September 2006), pp. 22-24.
Kathleen J. Hancock, "Russia: Great Power Image Versus Economic Reality,"
Asian Perspective, Vol. 31, No. 4 (2007), pp. 71-98.
Mahatir Mohamad, "Let Asians Build Their Own Future Regionalism," Global
Asia, Vol. 1, No. 1 (September 2006), pp. 13-15.
Samuel R. Berger, "U.S. Stake in Greater East Asian Integration," Global Asia, Vol.
1, No. 1 (September 2006), pp. 25-27.
Mark R. Brawley, "Building Blocks or a Bric Wall? Fitting U.S. Foreign Policy to
the Shifting Distribution of Power," Asian Perspective, Vol. 31, No. 4 (2007), pp.
151-175.
Joshua Kurlantzick, "Pax Asia-Pacifica? East Asian Integration and Its
Implications for the United States," The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 3(Summer 2007), pp. 67-77.

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Professor Hatsue SHINOHARA
Professor, Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda University

ExpertiseHistory of U.S.-Japan Relations, International History,
American Foreign Relations, Theory of International
Politics
Ph.D. in History(University of Chicago)

Brief Profile：
Professor Shinohara authored Senso no Ho kara Heiwa no Ho e [Forgotten Crusade:The Quest for a New International Law in the Interwar Period]. Her essays haveappeared in The Japanese Journal of American Studies, Kokusai Seiji [International
Relations], and Kokusaiho Gaiko Zasshi [The Journal of International Law and
Diplomacy]. Recently she has been working on the notion of ‘global identity’ by
examining public relations materials published by the League of Nations and theUnited Nations.
Message from Professor SHINOHARA:
By examining history, we shall gain a deeper, and not just superficial,understanding of the nature of international relations in the twentieth century.
Even though past events appear to have no direct relevance to the present, ahistorical examination of how the contemporary world has been shaped will
surely give us "lessons of the past."

L2: From Collective Memory to Transnational History

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Lecturer: Dr. Hatsue Shinohara
Aim of this lecture:“History”, in particular, different interpretations of certain events that involved
conflicts, war, and colonization, have often emerged as difficult issues among
nations. Such issues as the Atomic Bomb, the Nanjing Atrocities, Comfort
Women, and the Holocaust have caused heated debates among the public andoccasionally led to diplomatic conflicts between the nations concerned. In thissession we will consider and discuss why different views over the past haveemerged, how “collective (public) memory” has been constructed, and finallywhether and how mutual understandings over the past become feasible andpossible.
Schedule:
1.

Lecture by the instructor

2.

Group work on writing transnational history in North East Asia (Students
will be given specific questions to work on.)3.

Presentation of discussion results

Lecture outline:
1. “History issues” in history: the League of Nations’ efforts
2. Construction of collective memory: role of museums, textbooks, media, etc.
3.

Conflicts over history:
Ex. US-Japan, Europe, Asia

4.

Recent efforts toward mutual understandings

References:*Joshua A. Fogel ed., Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2000)*Edward T. Linenthal et al., eds., History Wars: The Enola Gay and Other Battles for
the American Past (New York: Metropolitan Books, 1996)

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*Ian Buruma, The Wages of Guilt: Memories of War in Germany and Japan (NewYork: Farrer, Straus, Girous, 1994)*Hatsue Shinohara, “Teaching of the Atomic Bomb as History: A Challenge toTransnational History,” Proceedings: What is to be Written (2004, Institute forInternational Studies, Meijigakuin University)
Examples of recent efforts for transnational history:*劉傑・三谷博・楊大慶［編］『国境を越える歴史認識 日中対話の試み』［Contending
Issues in Sino-Japanese Relations: Toward a History Beyond Borders］（東京大学出版会、2006年）This book is also published in Chinese.
*日中韓３国共通歴史教材委員会『未来をひらく歴史：東アジア３国の近現代史』［History Toward Better Future: Modern and Contemporary History in EastAsia］This book is also published in Chinese and Korean.

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Professor Akiko KAMOGAWA
Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda
University

ExpertiseComparative
Qualitative

Education,
andEducation

Quantitativein

Malaysia,

Methodology,

AsianIntegration
Ph.D. in Education(Waseda University)

Brief Profile：
Publications: Social Transformation and Career Development of Adolescent Females in
Malaysia: Gender and Ethnicity; Cyberspace and Higher Education in Developing
Countries: Old and Emergent Issues of Access, Pedagogy and Knowledge Production;
Education in Asia: A Comparative Perspective.

Lecture 3: Asian Integration and Student Mobility
Lecturer: Dr. Akiko Kamogawa
I.

Session Description
In East Asia, students move from place to place and interact with people
from other cultures and backgrounds.

The objective of this session is toassist the student to understand Asian integration in education. We consider
how educational issues affect Asian integration.
First, the lecture provides the students with the grounding in Asian16

thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

integration on social transformation, cultural change and educational
reforms.

It focuses on the domestic, regional and international situations ofstudent mobility in higher education.

Second, students are required todevelop a new curriculum on Asian integration and to make briefpresentations. Finally, we discuss the process and future direction of Asian
integration by social, cultural and educational approaches.
II. Outline and Schedule (tentative)
1.

10:00-10:15

Introduction

2.

10:15-11:00

Lecture(1) What is Asian Integration in Education?
(2) Trends in Student Mobility in Asia
(3) Internationalization of Higher Education in Asia
3.

11:10-11:40

Discussion and Student Activity(1) Forming Groups(2) Discussion
Ex. New Curriculum Development of Asian Integration in
Universities
4.

11:45-12:15

Student Presentation

5.

12:15-12:30

Summary(1) Feedback: Comparison, Mobility and Exchange(2) Issues and Future Directions of Asian Integration in
Education
III. Background Reading
Printed materials will be distributed along with a list of recommended
literature and websites for reading assignments.

IV. URL
Please refer to the following useful websites on Asian integration andeducation in advance:
Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO)

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

http://www.seameo.org/
University Mobility in the Asia and the Pacific (UMAP)
http://www.umap.org/en/home/index.php
ASEAN

http://www.aseansec.org/

ADB

http://www.adb.org/

Asian Regional Integration Center http://aric.adb.org/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics

http://www.uis.unesco.org/

ILO

http://www.ilo.org/global/lang--en/index.htm

World Bank

http://www.worldbank.org/education/

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
http://www.mext.go.jp/english/index.htm
JICA

http://www.jica.go.jp/infosite/issues/education/index.html

National Institute of Population and Social Security Research
http://www.ipss.go.jp/index-e.html
Gender Equality Bureau, Cabinet Office
http://www.gender.go.jp/english_contents/index.html
Statistics Bureau

http://www.stat.go.jp/english/

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Professor Kyosuke KURITA
Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda
University

Expertise
Econometrics,

Asian

Integration,

Developmental

Economics, Environmental Economics
Ph.D. in Economics(Hitotsubashi University)

Brief Profile:
Publications: Dynamics of Growth, Poverty, and Inequality: Panel Analysis of
Regional Data from the Philippines and Thailand; Is Gender Inequality Harmful of
Growth? –Econometric Analysis of provincial panel data in Thailand and Philippines;
Change of Inequality within and between Cohorts by Income Class: Comparable Study
between India and China from 1980’s to 2000; Wage Difference between Caste Classes in
1983-2000: Quantile Regression Decomposition Approach; Rich Periphery, Poor Center:
Myanmar's Rural Economy under Partial Transition to a Market Economy

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Lecture 4: Asian Economic Integration and Empirical Studies
Lecturer: Dr. Kyosuke Kurita
The purpose of this session is to develop an understanding of the need andimportance of data analysis in the study of Asian integration. Especially, it focuseson introducing the idea of CGE analysis and gravity model, which are frequently
used in empirical studies of Asian economic integration.
1. Introduction to data analysis (40 min)
1.1

The need and importance of data analysis

1.2

Case study of data analysis from economic and political aspects

1.3

Case study of data analysis from social and cultural aspects.

(10 minute break)2. The idea and implication of CGE analysis (40min)
2.1

The concept of Generalized Equilibrium

2.2

Introduction to GAMS

2.3

Case study of CGE analysis on Asian economic integration(10 minute break)3. The idea and implication of Gravity model (50 min)
3.1 Regression analysis and the structure of economic data
3.2 Gravity model
3.3 Case study of Panel Gravity model on Asian economic integration
3.4 Exercises with SPSS

Economic background and knowledge about statistical software are not required.

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Professor Shigeto SONODA
Professor, Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda University

ExpertiseComparative Sociology, Contemporary China studies,
Cultural Transformation in Asian Societies

Brief Profile:
Professor Shigeto Sonoda specializes in Social Stratification in Asia in
Comparative Perspective, Sociological Approach to Cross-Cultural Managementin Japanese Companies in Globalizing Asia and Social Change in Contemporary
China.
He has authored and edited numerous books and other publications in Japan,
including: Globalization and East Asia (2004), Social Stratification and Social Change
in Contemporary China (2001), Asia bound of Japanese Company: Adventures ofInternational Sociology (2001), Psychology and Behavior of Chinese People (2001);
China: A Country of Inequality (2008), Japan” in the Eyes of Asian (ed., 1995),
Testimony to Japan-China Joint Ventures (ed., 1998), Social Stratification in East Asia
in Comparative Perspective (ed., 2005), Human Beliefs and Values in Striding Asia (ed.,
2006)

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Lecture 5: Perception of Foreign Countries and “Asian Consciousness”
in East Asia
Lecturer: Prof. Shigeto Sonoda
1. East Asian Community Building and the “Citizens”* Discourse on East Asian Community Building* Economic Cooperation vs. Historical-political Conflict?
* Asia-Barometer as a Pioneering Project for Mutual Understanding among
Asians
2. Perceptions of Foreign Countries in East Asia
* Perceptions of Foreign Countries in China, Korea, and Japan (Figure 1, 2, 3)* China-Japan and Korea-Japan Relations as a Source of Conflict?
* East Asian Views on China, Korea, and Japan
3. “Asian Consciousness” in East Asia
* “Asian Consciousness” in Asia: Are Asians Asian? (Figure 4)* Determinants of the Emergence of “Asian Consciousness”* Does “Asian Consciousness” matter?
* International Conflicts and Regional Organizations: Human Rights Issue asa Dispute?
4. Discussion
References
Inoguchi, T. (ed.), 2005, Values and Life Styles in Urban Asia, Siglo XXI Editors.
Inoguchi, T.; A. Tanaka, S. Sonoda; and T. Dadabaev (eds.), 2006, Human Beliefs
and Values in Striding Asia, Akashi Shoten.
Sonoda, S. 2007-8, “The Shape of Asia in AsiaBarometer,” Waseda Asia Review,No. 1, 30-33, pp, No. 2, pp. 34-37, pp, No. 3, 28-31, pp, No. 4 (forthcoming).

Figure 1 Chinese Perception of Foreign Countries
22thSummer School at Waseda University
4

3.5

3

2.5

2

Japan

India

US

UK

RussiaPak istan

South
Korea

North
Korea

2003

3.19

3.02

3.22

2.88

2.5

2.8

2.53

2.65

2004

3.31

3.09

3.03

2.81

2.87

3.07

2.59

2.88

2006

3.86

2.95

3.32

2.9

2.43

2.7

2.41

2.41

Figure 2 Korean Perception of Foreign Countries
4
3.5
3
2.5
2

th

August 5 -8 2008

China

Japan

India

US

UK

RussiaPakistan

North
Korea

2003

2.83

3.07

2.99

2.94

2.84

3.05

3.15

3.94

2004

2.81

3.03

2.76

2.94

2.81

2.92

3

3.58

2006

2.91

3.62

2.9

2.82

2.76

2.97

3.07

3.8

Figure 3 Japanese Perception of Foreign Countries
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
China

India

US

UK

RussiaPakistan

South
Korea

North
Korea

2003

2.95

2.94

2.73

2.74

3.13

3.13

2.83

4.57

2004

3.02

2.93

3.05

2.8

3.18

3.14

2.69

4.53

2006

3.23

2.79

2.73

2.7

3.21

3.15

3.11

4.65

Figure 4 “Asian Consciousness” in Asia
23

thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Cambodia

Sri Lanka

Philippine

VietnamThailandMyanmar

India

MongolBuhtanBurneiMalaysia

Uzbekistan

Singapore

Laos

TaiwanTajikistan

Kirgistan

Nepal

China

Hong Kong

Indonesia

Bangladish

Maldiv

Kazafstan

Korea

Japan

Turkmenisatan

Afganistan
0%

10%
Asian

20%

30%

40%

50%

Other transnational identities

24

60%

70%

No transnational identities

80%

90%
Don't know

100%

th

Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Professor Shujiro URATA
Professor, Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda University
ExpertiseInternational

Trade,

Regional

Integration,

Asia-Pacific

Economic Cooperation, Foreign Direct Investment, Corporate
Small and Medium Enterprises
Ph.D. in Economics(Stanford University)

Brief Profile:
Dr. Shujiro Urata was formerly a Research Associate at the Brookings Institution
and an Economist at the World Bank. He specializes in international economics
and economics of development. He has held a number of research and advisory
positions including senior adviser to the Government of Indonesia, consultant to
the World Bank, OECD, the Asian Development Bank, and the Government ofJapan.
He is the author or coauthor of numerous articles in professional journals,
including The Review of Economics and Statistics, The Journal of Development
Economics, The Journal of Comparative Economics, and The Mathematical
Programming Study. He has also published and edited a number of books oninternational economic issues in English and Japanese, including Measuring theCosts of Protection in Japan (1995,) and Asia & Europe: Beyond Competing
Regionalism (1998), Small Firm Dynamism in East Asia (2002), Winning in Asia,
Japanese Style: Market and Nonmarket Strategies for Success (2002), Competitiveness,
FDI and Technological Activity in East Asia (2003).

25

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Lecture 6: A Shift from Market-driven
to Institution-driven Regionalization in East Asia
Lecturer: Dr. Shujiro Urata
Abstract:
One of the most notable economic developments in East Asia in recent years is
the intensification of intra-regional trade and foreign direct investment (FDI).
“De facto” regional integration from the mid-1980s to the late 1990s was mainly
promoted by multinational corporations (MNCs), which expanded theiractivities in response to trade and FDI liberalization policies pursued by many
East Asian countries. The late 1990s started to see a shift in the driver of regional
integration from the market forces, reflected in the activities of MNCs, to theinstitutions such as free trade agreements (FTAs). This lecture reviews thechanging patterns of trade and FDI in East Asia and it attempts to discern thefactors behind these developments. The lecture also examines the proliferationof FTAs in East Asia, its causes and implications. The lecture ends withdiscussions on the issues related to region-wide FTAs and an East Asian
Economic Community.
References:
Aggarwal, Vinod K. and Shujiro Urarta, eds. (2006) Bilateral Trade Agreements:
Origins, evolution, and implications. Routledge, New York.
Ando, Mitsuyo and Shujiro Urata(2007) “The Impacts of East Asia FTA: A

CGE Model Simulation Study.” Journal of International Economic Studies, Vol.11,
No.2, December, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, pp. 3-75.
Pangestu, Mari and Sudarshan Gooptu (2004) “New Regionalism: Options for
China and East Asia.” In Homi Kharas and Kathie Krumm eds., East Asia
Integrates. The World Bank, Washington, D.C., pp. 79-99.
Park, Yung Chul, Shujiro Urata and Inkyo Cheong (2007) “The Political
Economy of the Proliferation of FTAs.” Challenges to the Global Trading System,eds. Peter A Petri and Sumner J. La Croix. Routledge, London and New York, pp.
43-57
Sally, Razeen (2006) “Free Trade Agreements and the Prospects of Regional26

thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Integration in East Asia.” Asian Economic Policy Review, volume. 1, issue 2,
December, pp. 306-321.
Scollay, Robert and John P. Gilbert (2001) New Regional Trading Arrangements in
the Asia Pacific? Institute for International Economics, Washington, D.C.
Soesastro, Hadi (2006) Regional Integration in East Asia: Achievements andFuture Prospects.” Asian Economic Policy Review, volume 1, issue 2, December, pp.
215-234.
Solis Mireya and Shujiro Urata (2007) “Japan’s New Foreign Economic Policy: A
Shift toward a Strategic and Activist Model?” Asian Economic Policy Review,
Volume 2, Issue 2, December, pp. 227-245.
Urata, Shujiro (2007) “The Changing Patterns of International Trade in East
Asia.” A New East Asia: Toward a Regional Community, eds. Kazuko Mori and
Kenichiro Hirano, NUS Press, Singapore, pp. 100-155.
Urata, Shujiro (2007) “The Creation of Regional Production Networks in Asia
Pacific: The Case of Japanese Multinational Corporations.” Multinational
Corporations and the Emerging Network Economy in Asia and the Pacific, ed. Juan J.
Palacios, Routledge, London and New York, pp. 114-138.
Urata, Shujiro (2007) “Trade, FDI-Driven Economic Growth, and Regional
Economic Integration in East Asia.” An East Asian Community and the UnitedStates, eds. Ralph A. Cossa and Akihiko Tanaka, Center for Strategic andInternational Studies, Washington, D.C., pp. 42-68.

27

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Japan
Introduction: Organization and Functions of the Ministry
Cited from MOFA homepage: http://www.mofa.go.jp/about/hq/org.html

Field Study on Day 2 -- August 6, 2008
Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau, MOFA
(Organization)•

Regional Policy Division•

Northeast Asia Division•

China and Mongolia Division•

Oceania Division.
(Functions)

The Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau takes charge of the following
matters: planning work connected with the formulation of policies
concerning Asian and Oceanian countries and overall coordination of theimplementing of such policies; political affairs concerning Asian andOceanian counties (including the protection of Japanese nationals and theirproperty in these countries) and collection of necessary information as wellas conducting of necessary research and surveys on them.

Other sectors in the MOFA

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

I. Minister's Secretariat(Organization)
Management and Coordination Division
Personnel Division
Information and Communications Division
Financial Affairs Division
Overseas Establishments Division
Press Division
Domestic Public Relations Division28

thSummer School at Waseda University••thAugust 5 -8 2008

Protocol Office
Assistant Press Secretary/Director of the International Press Division(Functions)
The Minister's Secretariat takes charge of overall coordination and administration
under the Ministry and other ordinary functions of the Minister's Secretariat. The
functions relating to public information consist of the following: dissemination in
Japan of information and knowledge concerning the international situation anddiplomatic policies; dissemination abroad of information on Japan's domestic
situation and diplomatic and foreign policies as well as collection of theinformation and data necessary to fulfill the above functions.

••II. Public Diplomacy Department(Organization)
Public Diplomacy Planning Division
Cultural Affairs Division.

(Functions)
The Public Diplomacy Department takes charge of the following matters;
implementation of international agreements to promote cultural exchange;
cooperation with international cultural organizations, and; the introduction ofJapanese culture abroad and promotion of cultural exchange with foreigncountries as well as supervision of the Japan Foundation.

•
•
•
•
•

III. Foreign Policy Bureau(Organization)
Policy Coordination Division
National Security Policy Division
United Nations Planning and Management Division
United Nations Policy Division
Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs Division(Functions)
The Foreign Policy Bureau takes charge of the planning of basic and middle- or
long-term foreign policy from wider points of view and the coordination ofpolicies formulated by other bureaus. Special emphasis is put on national security
issues and issues related to the United Nations. It also plays a leading part in aserious emergency.

••

IV. Disarmament, Non-proliferation and Science Department(Organization)
Arms Control and Disarmament Division
Non-proliferation, Science and Nuclear Energy Division.

(Functions)
The Disarmament, Non-proliferation and Science Department takes charge of the29

thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

following matters: arms control and disarmament; non-proliferation; nuclear
energy, and; science cooperation and other scientific affairs.

•••

V. Southeast and Southwest Asian Affairs Department(Organization)
First Southeast Asia Division
Second Southeast Asia Division
Southwest Asia Division(Functions)
The Southeast and Southwest Asian Affairs Department takes charge of thefollowing matters: planning work connected with the formulation of policies
concerning the Southeast and Southwest Asian countries and overall coordinationof implementing such policies, and; political affairs concerning the Southeast andSouthwest Asian countries, and collection of information relating to thesecountries as well as research and surveys on them.

•••

VI. North American Affairs Bureau(Organization)
First North America Division
Second North America Division
Japan-US Security Treaty Division.

(Functions)
The North American Affairs Bureau takes charge of the following matters:planning work connected with the formulation of policies concerning the North
American countries and overall coordination of implementing such policies, and;political affairs concerning the North American countries and collection of
information relating to these countries as well as research and surveys on them.

•••VII. Latin American and Caribbean Affairs Bureau(Organization)
Mexico, Central America and Caribbean Division
Caribbean Division
South America Division.

(Functions)
The Latin American and Caribbean Affairs Bureau takes charge of the following
matters: planning work connected with the formulation of policies concerning theLatin American and Caribbean countries and overall coordination of
implementing such policies, and; political affairs concerning the Latin American
and Caribbean countries and collection of information relating to these countries
as well as research and surveys on them.

30

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Summer School at Waseda University

•
•
•
•

th

August 5 -8 2008

VIII. European Affairs Bureau(Organization)
European Policy Division
Western Europe Division
Central and South Eastern Europe Division
Russian Division.

(Functions)
The European Affairs Bureau takes charge of the following matters: planning work
connected with the formulation of policies concerning the European countries andoverall coordination of the implementing of such policies, and; political affairs
concerning the European countries and collection of information relating to thesecountries as well as research and surveys on them.

•
•
•
•

IX. Middle Eastern and African Affairs Bureau(Organization)
First Middle East Division
Second Middle East DivisionFirst Africa Division
Second Africa Division.

(Functions)
The Middle Eastern and African Affairs Bureau takes charge of the following
matters: planning work connected with the formulation of policies concerning
Middle Eastern and African countries and overall coordination of implementing
such policies, and; political affairs concerning Middle Eastern and Africancountries and collection of information relating to these countries as well as
research and surveys on them.

•
•
•
•
•

X. Economic Affairs Bureau(Organization)
Economic Policy DivisionInternational Trade Division
Economic Partnership Division
Economic Security Division
Economic Integration Division.

(Functions)
The Economic Affairs Bureau takes charge of the following matters: protection andpromotion of Japan's interests relating to foreign commerce and navigation;
cooperation with international economic organizations and matters concerning
treaties of commerce and navigation and other commercial and economic
agreements, and; survey of the international economic situation and compilationof statistics and collection of data concerning the international economy.

31

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Summer School at Waseda University

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

th

August 5 -8 2008

XI. International Cooperation Bureau(Organization)
Aid Policy and Management Division
ODA Evaluation Division
Aid Policy Planning Division
Non-Governmental Organizations Cooperation DivisionFirst Country Assistance Planning Division
Second Country Assistance Planning Division
Grant Aid and Technical Cooperation Division
Loan Aid Division(Functions)
The International Cooperation Bureau takes charge of the following matters:
matters concerning treaties and international agreements on economic
cooperation; implementing treaties and other international agreements on
reparations; cooperation with international organizations concerning economic
cooperation; protection and promotion of interests relating to Japanese
investments overseas; survey of the international economic cooperation situationand compilation of statistics and collection of data concerning international
economic cooperation; supervision of the Japan International Cooperation Agency,
and; the matter of enforcing the law concerning dispatch of Japan disaster relief
teams, assistance to NGO's as well as other matters relating to economic
cooperation.

•
•
•
•

XII. International Legal Affairs Bureau(Organization)
International Legal Affairs Division
Treaties Division
Economic Treaties Division
Social Treaties Division.

(Functions)
The International Legal Affairs Bureau takes charge of the conclusion of treaties
and other international agreements, and matters of international law and legal
matters concerning foreign relations.

•
•
•
•

XIII. Consular Affairs Bureau(Organization)
Consular Policy Division
Japanese Nationals Overseas Safety DivisionPassport Division
Foreign Nationals' Affairs Division.

(Functions)
The Consular Affairs Bureau takes charge of the following matters: protection ofJapanese nationals and their property abroad (except matters dealt with by other32

thSummer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

bureaus); matters relating to the civil status of Japanese nationals abroad;certification of documents issued by Japanese or foreign authorities with regard tomatters relating to civil status or other matters related to both Japan and a foreigncountry; issuance of passports and other documents necessary for travel abroad;visas; general policies of a diplomatic character regarding foreign nationals
residing in Japan; planning and handling of emigration affairs; assistance andprotection of emigrants and promotion of emigration programmes, etc., liaisonand coordination with other governmental organizations connected withemigration and supervision of the relevant function of the Japan International
Cooperation Agency.
XIV. Intelligence and Analysis Service(Organization)••••

First Division
Second Division
Third Division
Fourth Division.

(Functions)
The Intelligence and Analysis Service takes charge of the following matters:
general management of information on the international situation; generaladministration of research affairs; research and surveys on foreign countries(except matters under the charge of other bureaus), and; general analysis of theinternational situation and collection of necessary information.

33

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Summer School at Waseda UniversitythAugust 5 -8 2008

Map of Waseda University
Nishi Waseda Campus （西早稲田キ ャンパス）Shop

Gymnasium

Library34

Cafeteria

University Clinic

thSummer School at Waseda University
1

2

3

4
5
6
7
8

9

10
11
12
14

15
16
17
17-2
18

19

th

August 5 -8 2008

Admissions Center
School of Commerce
Office of Academic Promotion
Institute for Research inContemporary Political & Economic Affairs
S.Takata Memorial Research Library
University Archives
Aizu Museum
School of Political Science & Economics
Graduate School of Political Science
Graduate School of Economics
The Okuma School of Public Management
School of Political Science & Economics
Tsubouchi Memorial Theatre Museum
School of Education
Information Technology Center
Common Classrooms
School of Law
Common Classrooms
Graduate School of Law
Graduate School of Commerce
Graduate School of Accountancy
Institute of Comparative Law
Institute of Research in
Business Administration
Common Classrooms
under construction
under construction
School of Social Sciences
Graduate School of Social Sciences
Graduate School of Education
Institute for Advanced Studies
in Education
Common Classrooms
School of Education
Gymnasium, CO-OP
Kansenryo (the site of a training camp)
Center for Scholarly Information(Central Library,
International Conference Center)

School of International Liberal Studies
Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies

35Summer School at Waseda University August 5th -8th 2008
Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies
20

Okuma Kaikan ( Central Administration )21

Okuma Auditorium
International Center

23

Center for International Education
International Office, International Division
Institute of Language Teaching
Center for Japanese Language
Graduate Schoolof Japanese Applied Linguistics
Extension Center (Main Building)

23-5

Uni. Shop & Café 125

24

Media Network Center
Digital Campus Promotion Office
Harassment Prevention Committee
Okuma Garden House
University Clinic
Information Square
Waseda Law School
Ono Memorial Hall
Waseda Gallery
Waseda Drama Hall
CO-OP Union for faculty
and Staff
Extension Center (Annex)
Faculty Offices
Faculty Offices
Global Information
and Telecommunication Institute
Graduate School of Global
and Telecommunication Institute
Waseda STEP 21
Art and Architecture School
Guest House

22

24-8
25
25-2
27

27-9
29
29-2
29-4
29-6
29-7

99

36

Summer School at Waseda University August 5th -8th 2008

Information on Hotel Villa Fontaine-Otemachi
I. Facility
Complimentary Breakfast Service
Bread, salad, and coffee are served at our buffet-style complimentary
breakfast. Breakfast served from 7:00 am to 9:30 am.
Copy and Fax Machine (Available at the front desk for a fee)
Coin Laundry
Vending Machines
Free Internet Use (Optical Fiber)*PC and LAN card/cables are not provided

II. Access Info. & Map
Address: Hotel Villa Fontaine OTEMACHI 1-8-8 Uchi Kanda Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo, 101-0047
TEL: 03-3291-7770
FAX: 03-3291-7778
StationLine

Directions

Walk
EstimatedTokyo Station

JR LineAccess from Marunouchi North Exit

14 minutes

JR LineAccess from West Exit

5 minutes

Ginza Line

Access from exit #2

7 minutes

Access from exit A1

4 minutes

Access from exit B1

9 minutes

Access from exit E1

7 minutes

Kanda Station

Marunouchi Line
Otemachi Station
Hanzomon Line37

Summer School at Waseda University August 5th -8th 2008
하 차역

노선

액 세스

JR 야 마 노테 센도 쿄역 마 루 노 우치 키 타 구 치( 丸 ノ内 北 口)도 쿄역JR 케 이 힌도 호 쿠 센

도보 14분

東 京駅
JR 케 이 요센

JR 야 마 노테 센니 시구 치( 西 口) 에 서 도 보 5 분
JR 케 이 힌도 호 쿠 센

간 다역
神 田駅

지 하철 긴 자 센 銀座
2번 출구에서 도보 7분
線

오 오테 마 치마 루노 우 치 센 丸ノA1 출 구 에서 도 보 4 분, B 1 출구 에 서 도보

역

内線

9븐

한 죠몬 센 半 蔵 門線

E1 출 구 에서 도 보 7 분

大 手町 駅

下車站

線路

交通方法

所需時間(步行)

東京站
神田站

JR線
JR線
銀座線
丸之内線

出丸之内北口
出西口
出2號出口
出A1出口
出B1出口
出E1出口

14分鐘
5分鐘
7分鐘
4分鐘
9分鐘
7分鐘

大手町站

半藏門線

38

Summer School at Waseda University August 5th -8th 200839