WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
IN THE PHILIPPINESWEPA International Workshop onIndustrial Wastewater ManagementJakarta, Indonesia
September 26-28, 2017

DR. VICENTE TUDDAO JR, PhDRegional Director
DENR ENGR. ERLINDA A. GONZALESTechnical Officer
Environmental Management Bureau
ENGR. WILMA R. UYACO
Chief, Monitoring and Enforcement Section
Environmental Management Bureau-NCR, DENR

1Overview of Presentation
I. INTRODUCTION
 Profile of the Philippines Water Resources and Status of the Water Environment
II. INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER REGULATIONSPhilippine Clean Water Act of 2004
Water Quality Criteria and General Effluent Standards
Monitoring Methods on Industrial Establishments
Challenges in Monitoring and Status of ComplianceIII. CHALLENGES AND COUNTERMEASURESChallenges on the Industries and Measures Taken
Impacts of Water Pollution to the Environment
Treatment Technologies Current Used2

THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES PROFILE
Archipelago with 7,107 islands;
Land Area: 300,000 km2
Population as of 2016 is 103M.
The annual population growthrate is 2.04% .
About 12.780% of the total
population is concentrated inMetro Manila.
The Philippine economy islargely contributed by theagriculture sector which
accounts for 30% of the GDP.
Another major contributor isthe mineral sector which
produces copper, chromite,3nickle, gold, silver.

THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES PROFILThe DTI records in 2011, shows that
there are 820,253 establishments(based on 18 industry type)throughout the country, wherein
60% are located within the Manila
Bay Region (Metro Manila, Region 3,and Region 4A). Of these number
112,789 are manufacturingindustries.
The main manufacturing industries
are pulp and paper mills, sugar mills,
alcohol distilleries, food processing,plastic and consumer goods, coppersmelter, glass plant, steel mills and4cement plant.

A. Coastal & Marine Waters
 Covers an area of about
266,00sqkm, including bays andgulfs
 Coastline stretches to about
17,460km
 Coral reefs cover about 27,000sqkm
 64 of the 79 provinces are in coastal
areas
B. Inland Waters
 Ground Water – aggregate area ofabout 50,000sqkm
 Lakes- 79
 Rivers
 Major River (drainage area
not less than1,400sqkm) - 18
 Principal River (drainage area
not less than 40sqkm)- 4215STATUS OF RIVERS IN THE PHILIPPINEOut of the 421 Principal
Rivers, 180 are alreadypolluted
50 are biologically dead4 are in Metro Manila

Pasig River

The rapid increase in population, urbanizationand industrial development has led to theriver basin degradation and deterioration
which is due mainly to water pollution.
6

Source: Nat’l Water Quality Status Report, EMB

7

“The DENR shall be the primary government agency
responsible for the conservation, management,development, and proper use of the country’s
environment and natural resources.”- EO 192

EMB is the primary government agency under
the DENR mandated- to formulate, integrate, coordinate,supervise, and implement all policies, plans,
programs, projects and activities relative tothe prevention and control of pollution as wellas management and enhancement of8environment

PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004
(Republic Act No. 9275)
Provides For A Comprehensive
And Integrated Strategy
To Prevent And Minimize Pollution
Through A Multi-Sectoral And
Participatory Approach
Involving All The Stakeholders.
The Clean Water Act Applies To:
Water quality management in all water bodies.
 Abatement and control of pollution fromland-based sources.
Enforcement of water quality standards,regulations and penalties.

9PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004
(Republic Act No. 9275)
The DENR Implements A
Wastewater Charge System (WCS)In All Management Areas and Regional
Industrial Centers through the Collection ofWastewater Charges/Fees.

WCS is a market based-instruments (MBIs) that
imposes fees based on the volume and quality ofeffluent discharged. This was adopted to encourage
proper wastewater management to abate & control
pollution
10

PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004
(Republic Act No. 9275)
To control wastewater discharges, DENR has
enforced the Wastewater Discharge Permitting
SystemAll Owners Or Operators Of Facilities That
Discharge Regulated Effluents Shall Secure
Wastewater Discharge Permit (DP).
DP is the legal authorization granted by the DENR
to discharge wastewater into a water body
11

PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004
(Republic Act No. 9275)
DENR NO 2016-08 WATER QUALITY GUIDELINES AND
GENERAL EFFLUENT STANDARDS OF
2016
Discharges from any point source shall at all times
meet the effluent standards
The GES shall be used regardless of theindustry categoryEffluent used for agricultural purposes shall conform tothe DA Administrative Order No. 2007-26.
DAO 08 has also provision for the water classification ofwater bodies for the purpose of maintaining thequality of water based on beneficial usage.

12Water Body Classification andUsage ofFreshwaters (Rivers, Lakes)
Classification
Class AAAAAIntended Beneficial Use
Public Water Supply Class I –Intended primarily for waters having
watersheds, which are uninhabitedand otherwise protected, and which
require only approved disinfection tomeet the PNSDW
Public Water Supply Class II –For sources of water supply requiring
conventional treatment (coagulation,sedimentation, filtration anddisinfection) to meet the latest
PNSDW
13

Water Body Classification and Usage ofFreshwaters (Rivers, Lakes)
Classification
Class B

B

C

Beneficial Use
Recreational Water Class I –intended for primary contact
recreation (bathing, swimming,
skin diving, etc.)

1. Fishery Water for the propagationand growth of fish and otheraquatic resources
2. Recreational Water Class II(Boating, fishing or similar
activities)
3. For agriculture, irrigation, and14
livestock watering)SIGNIFICANT EFFLUENT QUALITY
PARAMETERS PER SECTOR
PSIC CODE

INDUSTRY CATEGORYSIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS

A. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing

014

Animal Production

BOD, Total Suspended Solids(TSS), Total Coliform (for Class Band SB), Ammonia, Phosphate

032

Aquaculture (excludingfish pens)

BOD, TSS, Ammonia, Nitrate,
Phosphate, Sulfate
15

SIGNIFICANT EFFLUENT QUALITY
PARAMETERS PER SECTOR
PSIC CODE

INDUSTRY CATEGORYSIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS

B. Mining and Quarrying

05

06

Mining of coal and lignite

Extraction of crude
petroleum and natural gas,
support activities

Color, pH, TSS, Nitrate, Sulfate,Manganese, Iron, Arsenic,Cadmium, Mercury, LeadpH, TSS, Sulfate, Fluoride, Barium,
Chromium, Nickel, Copper, Zinc,
Mercury, O & G, Phenol & Phenolic
Substances, Benzene, Toluene,
Ethylbenzene, Xylene,sBenzo(a)pyrene
16

SIGNIFICANT EFFLUENT QUALITY
PARAMETERS PER SECTOR
INDUSTRY CATEGORYSIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS

10110

Slaughtering and meat packing

T, pH, BOD, TSS, Ammonia, Nitrate,
Phosphate, O & G

10120

Production processing andpreserving of meat and meatproducts

T, pH, BOD TSS, O & G

1020Processing and preserving offish, crustaceans and mollusks(except carrageenan)

T, pH, BOD, TSS, Nitrate, O & G

10205

Processing of seaweeds,
manufacture of agar-agar or
carrageenan

T, pH, COD, TSS,

1030

Processing and preserving offruits and vegetables

T, pH, BOD, TSS, O & G
17

PSIC CODE
C. ManufacturingSIGNIFICANT EFFLUENT QUALITY PARAMETERSPER SECTOR
PSIC CODE

INDUSTRY CATEGORYSIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS

C. Manufacturing
14

Manufacture of wearing
apparelT, pH, Surfactants, Color, COD

15110

Tanning and dressing of leather

Color, pH, COD, TSS, Total Coliform,
Ammonia, Chloride, Chromium, O & G,Phenol & Phenolic Substances

1621

Manufacture of veneer sheets;
manufacture of plywood,laminated board, particle board
and other panels and board;wooden window and screens

COD, TSS, Nitrate, Sulfate, Boron,
Chromium, Copper, Arsenic,Bezo(a)pyrene

17012

Pulp milling including
manufacture of pulp, paper andpaperboard

Color, T, pH, COD, TSS, Nitrate, Phenol &Phenolic Substances, Sulfate, Phosphate,Ammonia18

Section

7.2Parameter

Class AClass BClass C Class DAmmonia as NH3-N,
mg/L

0.5

0.5

0.5

7.5

BOD5,mg/L

2030

50120Boron, mg/L

22312Chloride, mg/L

350

350

450

500

COD, mg/L

60

60100200Color, TCU

100100150300Cyanide as Free
Cyanide, mg/L

0.14

0.14

0.2

0.4

Fluoride, mg/L

222419Parameter

Class AClass B

14141430

6.0-9.0

6.0-9.0

6.0-9.5

5.5-9.5

Phosphate, mg/L

11110Selenium, mg/L

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.08

Sulfate, mg/L

500

500

550

1,000

Surfactants (MBAS),mg/L

231530Temperature(h) °Cchange3333Total SuspendedSolids, mg/L

7085100150
20

Nitrate as NO3-N, mg/L
pH (Range)

Class C Class D

Parameter

Class AClass B

Arsenic, mg/L

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.08Barium, mg/L

1.5

1.5

68Cadmium, mg/L

0.006

0.006

0.01

0.02

Chromium as
Hexavalent Chromium(Cr6+)

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.04

Copper as dissolved
Copper, mg/L

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.08

Iron, mg/L

55

7.5

35Lead, mg/L

0.02

0.02

0.1

0.2

22220
21Manganese, mg/L

Class C Class D

MONITORING OF THE INDUSTRIESLEVELDOER

Project
The Pollution Control
Proponent/Comp Officer
any

REPORT
Self-Monitoring
Report (SMR)
and/or (CMR)
Compliance
Monitoring Report

Multi-Partite
Monitoring (MMT)or Third Party
Monitoring

Team headed by theAudit Report / CMR
company composed ofvarious Stakeholders(LGU, NGO andREGULATINGBODYEMB CO / EMB-RO

Compliance
Evaluation Report22

METHODS OF MONITORING THE INDUSTRIES
Table Monitoring Documents submitted

o reports (Self-Monitoring Report)o planso required permits (discharge permit)
o other proof of compliance orimplementation

Field MonitoringSite Validation (actual plant inspectionand effluent sampling plus validation ofsubmitted reports)

23

CHALLENGES IN MONITORING• Low awareness of the stakeholders on the existing law,rules and regulations on wastewater management• Weak cooperation among different Government
Agencies, Local Government Units, and the Regulated
Community/Industry hence derail law enforcement• Big investment on the part of industrial establishments
to put up WTF as a results of the inclusion of additionalparameters in the new effluent standard (NO3, PO4)
• Inadequate logistical support to the law implementers,
especially at local level (financial & technical).
9/25/201724

STATUS OF COMPLIANCE BY INDUSTRIAL /COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS TO THE
CLEAN WATER ACT
Based on records of the DENR – EMB, of the totalindustries in the Manila Bay Region that have beenmonitored from 2011-2015, only 45.41% are complying
with the DENR Standards / or have been issued
Wastewater Discharge Permit.

This means that many have been issued Noticesof Violation and are still implementing measures(such as construction of wastewater treatmentfacility) so as to treat their wastewater. Or somestill have pending case with PAB (payment of25
fines/penalties)

CHALLENGES FACED BY INDUSTRIES FORNON-COMPLIANCE
Anyone who commits violation of Section 7 of the GES,
case shall be elevated to the Pollution Adjudication Board(PAB) for issuance of a “Cease and Desist Order” (CDO).

Violation

Penalty/Civil Liability

Anyone who commits any Upon recommendation of theof the prohibited acts or PAB, Fine of not less thanviolates any of thePhP10,000 but not more thanprovisions of this Act & its P200,000 for every day ofIRR
violation
9/25/201726

CHALLENGES FACED BY INDUSTRIES FORNON-COMPLIANCE
Violation

Penalty/Civil Liability

Failure to undertake
clean‐up
operations– wilfully or
through gross negligence

Imprisonment not less than 2yrs
but not more than 4 yrs.; A fineof not less than PhP50,000 but
not more than PhP100,000 per
day of violation

Failure or refusal toclean‐up
which results in serious
injury orloss of life or lead toirreversible
water contamination

Imprisonment of not less than 6yrs. and 1 day and not more than12 yrs. and fine of PhP500,000
per day for each violation
9/25/201727

CHALLENGES FACED BY INDUSTRIES FORNON-COMPLIANCE
Violation

Penalty/Civil Liability

Gross violation of the Act,
-Deliberate discharge of toxic
pollutants-Five (5) or more violations
within a period of 2years-Blatant disregard of the ordersof the PAB, such as non-paymentof fines, breaking of seals oroperating despite the existenceof an order for closure,
discontinuance or cessation ofoperation.

PAB shall issue resolution
recommending that proper
gov’t agencies file criminal
charges against violator

28

CHALLENGES ON INDUSTRIESIn the different provinces of the Philippines, theLivestock sector is number one source of water pollution
The Department of Agriculture recognizes the problem
and difficulty in putting up WTF.
Other industries with problem on compliance tothe Effluent Standards:
Pulp and Paper Mill

Food Manufacturing

Dyeing/Textile/Garments

Housing/Recreation

Piggery & Poultry

Industrial estate

Slaughterhouse/Hatchery

Power Plant

Beverage and Brewery

Quick Service Restaurants

Chemicals/Pharmaceuticals

Sugar

Gasoline Refilling

Mining

Hospital

Allcohol Distillery

29

IMPACT TO ENVIRONMENT OF UNTREATEDWASTEWATER
Fish Kill – occurs as a result of deteriorating waterquality.
There are 3 documented fishkill incidents in thePhilippines.
 May 2011-bangus and tilapia
production in Taal Lake in Batangas City
estimated to reached 800MT fishes killed.
 June 2011 – Bolinao and Anga in Pangasinan where
10,000MT were affected May 2012 – towns within Rizal and Laguna and was caused
by deteriorating quality of Laguna Lake30

IMPACT TO ENVIRONMENT WATER
Red Tide Occurrences – although a natural and seasonal

phenomenon. But factors such as natural upwelling ofwater resulting in high nutrient concentrations together
with ideal conditions of T, salinity and light can trigger
bloom of dinoflagellates. Also the fertilizer runoff fromfarms contributes to the occurrence.

Mangroove Forest Extinction –Water Pollution of Rivers and Lakes and CoastalWaters
31

IMPACT of WATER POLLUTION
ANNUAL ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO WATER POLLUTION• P3 billion for health costs• P17 billion for costs for fisheries
production• 47 billion for tourism• Other non-quantifiable damage /loss claims
A total of P67 Billion

Source: Phil Environment Monitor 200332

 Low awareness of the industries on the existing law,rules and regulations on wastewater management; Low awareness on the effect to humans and lives ofwater pollution;
 Big investment on the part of industrial establishments
to put up WTF as a results of the inclusion of additionalparameters in the new effluent standard (NO3, PO4);
 Unavailability of enough space for the construction ofWTF or enhancement of existing WTF.
33

CURRENT MITIGATION MEASURESAND PROBLEMS
Measures

ProblemIndustries take theservices of third party
treater of wastewater;

The difficulty inmonitoring theprocedure. The Law(CWA) has no provisionon how to monitor thetransporter of thewastewater.
Dosing of enzymes and/or Not an assurance ofcompliance to thebacteria to lessen theeffluent standards.
concentration ofpollutants.
34

TECHNOLOGY CURRENTLY USED BY
INDUSTRIES
Industry Type

Treatment
Process/Technology
Quick Service Restaurants Grease Traps
Commercial Building/Mall Biological Treatment SBR,
Extended ActivatedSludge Process
Food Processing

Cosmetics and otherChemical Industries

Chemical Treatment or
combination of Chemicaland Biological Treatment
Combination of Chemicaland Biological Treatment
35

SOME TREATMENT FACILITIESCURRENTLY USED IN THE PHILIPPINES

36

37

SLUDGE DRYING BED

38

ADOPT AND ESTERO/WATER-BODY• Launched in 2010, the Adopt Esteros/ Water Bodies is acollaborative program between and among the DENR, thecommunity, Local Government Units, Donor Partners and other
Government Agencies aim at institutionalizing public-private
community partner in environmental and sanitation
improvement.

39

INDUSTRIAL ECOWATCH

Industrial Eco watch was implemented as part of EMB’s
compliance monitoring system.

A public disclosure program where the industrial andcommercial establishments are rated based on theirenvironmental performanceSix color codes are used to rate the performance of variousindustries (Black (very Bad), Red (BAD), Blue (Good), Green(Very Good), Silver (Excellent), Gold (Outstanding)Red and Black classifications indicate violations in meetingthe allowable parameters. Blue rating exhibit satisfactory
environmental performance.

40

INDUSTRIAL ECOWATCH

Promote mandatory self monitoring and compliance withenvironmental standards
Encourage voluntary self regulation among establishments for
improved environmental performance by:o Encouraging pollution reduction beyond compliance throughpublic recognition and praise;o Creating incentives for dischargers or producers; Build and enhance the capability of establishments and/or
their associations on self regulation in:Developing internal environmental management systems S)
Promoting the use of international environmental standards
such as the ISO 14000 series.

41

PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENT PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM (PEPP)•The PEPP created by virtue of DAO 2003-14 is a DENR
partnership program with industries, in cooperation withthe other environment-related agencies, aimed to support
industry self-regulation towards improved environmentalperformance.
•The PEPP seeks to provide a package of incentives andreward mechanisms to industries in effective voluntary selfregulation and improved environmental performance.
42

GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ON WATERQUALITY MANAGEMENTBENEFITS FROM AWARDEE OF THE PEPP
• High profile recognition reward- rewarded by the DENR Official Sealof approval and are entitled for the relaxation of regulatory
requirements. This seal shall be valid for one year.
• Relaxation of reportorial requirements as to the frequency ofsubmission• Simplified requirements for securing Environmental Compliance
Certificate for an expansion project• Longer validity of permit• Access to financial assistance from PEPP partner financial
institutions.

* The are have been awarded with the companies qualified for theprogram’s tract 1 classification and awarded with the43

Let us be good stewards of the Earth we inherited.
All of us have to share
the Earth’s fragile ecosystems and precious resources,and each of us has a role to play in preserving them.
If we are to go on living together on this earth,
we must all be responsible for it.

---Kofi Annan
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Have a Great Day Everyone44