WEPA Group Workshop

Pig Wastewater
Impact to Water Environment
Sun Feixiang

Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, MEP，China
Feb. 2017

一、中国生猪养殖基本情况
1. Basic information of Pig Breeding in China

Basic information of Pig Breeding & Pig Wastewater in China
Pig Farming Size (Million head)800

 生猪养殖业稳步发展(Steady development of China’s pig breeding)

700
600

“十二五”期间，全国生猪出栏量总体

500
400

保持稳定，平均每年7亿头。

300
200

During the “12th Five-year” period, the1000
1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

YearSlaughter出栏End stock年底头数pig breeding developed steadily, with an2020

annual pig slaughter about 700 million.

(Data from the Statistic Yearbook of Livestock andPoultry of Ministry of Agriculture) 生猪产值比重较大(Pig breeding accounts for a large proportion)

Poultry家禽
26%
other5%

Pig breeding
42%
Livestock牧畜27%

2014年，生猪养殖约占畜牧业产值42%。
2014, the pig breeding accounted for
42% of the stock-breeding output values.

Basic information of Pig Breeding & Pig Wastewater in China
Top 10 Provinces in Size in 2015 (Million head) 畜禽养殖区域化差异显著

8070(Significant regional differences of livestock

6050and poultry breeding)

4030

2010 生猪养殖从分散向集约化趋势明显0(Trend of Pig breeding: from scattered tointensive)• Increase in consumption

In 2014 Formalization Breeding accounted for41.8%。During 2010-2014，(slaughter 出栏量≥ 500) increased 23.3% ， (50≤slaughter<500)
decreased 8.7% ， (slaughter<50)
19.9%。

decreased• formalization breeding
farm rationally increase• Disease control level improved &Survival rate increased• Agricultural encouragement policy
getting better The size of pig will grow steadily in the next ten years

Basic information of Pig Breeding & Pig Wastewater in China
 国家尺度上，重点养殖区与生态脆
弱区多有重合At the national scale, there are a large
amount of overlapping areas in the main
breeding areas and ecologically fragile areas
Ecological Frangibility Evaluation
生态脆弱性评价74253 10

1
Extremely
SevereModerately
LightSlight8

四川、河南、湖南， accounted for 10.7%、
9.3%、8.6%

96

 High Non-point source pollution risk& High national attention畜禽养殖污染物排放情况Contaminants Discharge of Livestock and Poultry Breeding100% 畜禽养殖是农业污染的主要来源。

90%

livestock and poultry breeding is the70%

80%

60%

main source of agricultural pollution.

50%
40%
30%
20%
10%

0%
COD
畜禽养殖业Livestock据《第一次全国污染源普查公告》（2010年）统计，畜禽养殖COD、总氮
排放量分别为1268.3万吨、102.5万吨，分别约占农业源污染物排放量的96%和NH3-N水产养殖业种植业Aquaculture Crop

The first national pollution census bulletin
COD：1.268 Million tons /3.029 Million tons
TP：160.4 Thousand tons / 423.2 Thousand tons
TN：1.03 Million tons / 4.73 Million tons
 Livestock and poultry breeding COD, total
nitrogen emissions respectively, accounting
for about 96% and 38% of agricultural
pollutant emissions.

养猪废水特点
Characteristics of Pig Breeding Wastewater 养殖废水主要包括尿液、冲洗水，特点是COD高、氨氮高。
Pig breeding wastewater mainly includes urine, washing water and a small
amount of domestic sewage, characterized by high COD and high ammonia
nitrogen concentration.
畜禽养殖主要水污染物产生量及其性质
Main water pollutants produced in livestock and poultry breedingSpeciesPig

Dungcleaning

Dung
production

Dry

10 Kg/headWet

20 Kg/head

摘自：规模畜禽养殖场污染防治最佳可行技术指南（试行）Excerpted from “Guideline on Best Available Technologies for Pollution
Prevention and Control of Livestock and Poultry Farm (on Trial)”难点：环境与经济的权衡
Difficulty: environmental and economic trade-offs
 生猪不仅是我国肉类食品的主要来源，而且是我国农户收
入的重要来源之一，占农村居民人均纯收入的8%-10%左右Pig breeding income accounted for about 8%-10% in rural areas（per capita income），it’s one main income resource for farmers insome areas.

Rain
Pig wastewater
Farmland Surface water Groundwater
微生物
Microorganism

藻类Algae 南方丘陵地区的农村气候温暖、地形
溶解氧复杂、农民居住分散，农户养猪废水Dissolved oxygen
随意排放，造成农村环境污染严重。
有毒物质
Toxic Substances

In the hilly areas of South China, the climate
is warm, the terrain is complex, the farmers
live in scattered, and the farmers' pig waste
water is discharged at random.

对环境的影响Environmental impact
钱易院士——已不是一个局部的环境污染问题，而是一个影响大流域的环境问题Academician Qian Yi：It is not a local environmental pollution
problem, but an environmental problem that affects the large
watershed

Analysis

Problemwatershed

Evaluation and revision

Policies andmeasures

二、相关法律法规及政策
2. Relevant laws, regulations and policies相关法律法规及政策
Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
中国政府高度重视包括养猪废水管理在内的畜禽养殖污染问题。近年来，相续出台了十余项相关法律法规及政策，着力解决了以养猪废水处理在内的畜禽养殖污染防治问题，有力提升了畜禽养殖污染防治技术及管理水平。

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the pollution of livestock andpoultry breeding, including pig wastewater management. In recent years, more than
10 related laws, regulations and policies have been promulgated, aiming at controllingand solving the problems of wastewater, and effectively enhance the technical andmanagement level of pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultry
breeding.

相关法律法规及政策
Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
1《中华人民共和国环境保护法》

Environmental Protection Law

2《中华人民共和国畜牧法》（2015年修正）

Stock-breeding Law of the People’s Republicof China (2015 Amendment)

3 《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》（2008年修正）

Water Pollution Prevention and Control
Law (2008 Amendment)

4《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》（2013）

Regulation on the Prevention and Control ofPollution from Large-scale Breeding ofLivestock and Poultry (2013)5《水污染防治行动计划》（2015）

Action Plan for Prevention and Control of
Water Pollution (2015)6《畜禽养殖业污染防治技术规范》（2001）

Discharge Standard of Pollutants for
Livestock and Poultry Breeding (2001)

7《畜禽养殖业污染治理工程技术规范》（2009）

Technical Specification for Pollution
Treatment Project of Livestock and Poultry
Breeding (2009)8《畜禽养殖业污染防治技术政策》（2010）9《规模畜禽养殖场污染防治最佳可行技术指南（试行）》（2010）

Guideline on Best Available Technologies for
Pollution Prevention and Control ofLivestock and Poultry Farm (on Trial）（2010）

总体原则General principle 养殖场、养殖小区、定点屠宰企业等的选址、建设和管理应当符合有关法律法规规定。

《环境保护法》（2014）
Environmental Protection Law

The selection, construction and management of farms,breeding areas and designated slaughtering enterprises shallcomply with the relevant laws and regulations.

采取措施Take measures•从事畜禽养殖和屠宰的单位和个人
应当采取措施•Companies and individuals engaged
in livestock and poultry breeding and
科学处置Scientific disposalslaughtering• 对畜禽粪便、尸体和污水等废弃
物进行科学处置
保证设施正常运转• Livestock manure, carcasses andEnsure the normal
sewageoperation of facilities• 保证畜禽粪便、废水及其他固体废弃物综合利用或者无害化处理设施的正常运转
• comprehensive utilizationof livestock manure,waste water and othersolid wastes

保证污染物达标
排放reach the standa
rd of discharge

防止污染环境prevent environmental pollution《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》（2008年修正）
Water Pollution
Prevention and Control
Law (2008 Amendment)《中华人民共和国畜牧法》（2015年修正）
Stock-breeding Law ofthe People’s Republicof China (2015Amendment)…

相关法律法规及政策
Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies《中华人民共和国畜牧法》（2015年修正）
Stock-breeding Law of the People’s Republic of China (2015Amendment)
 第四十六条 畜禽养殖场、养殖小区应当保证畜禽粪便、废水及其他固体废弃物综合利用或者无害
化处理设施的正常运转，保证污染物达标排放，防止污染环境。

畜禽养殖场、养殖小区违法排放畜禽粪便、废水及其他固体废弃物，造成环境污染危害的，应当排除危害，依法赔偿损失。
国家支持畜禽养殖场、养殖小区建设畜禽粪便、废水及其他固体废弃物的综合利用设施。
 Article 46: A livestock or poultry farm or raising community shall ensure the normal running of thecomprehensive utilization or the other innocuous disposal facilities of the livestock or poultry dung,
wastewater and other solid wastes so as to make the dumped pollutants reach the relevant standards
and prevent them from polluting the environment.
Where a livestock or poultry farm or raising community illegally dumps any livestock or poultry dung,
wastewater and other solid wastes, if it causes any environmental pollution, it shall eliminate the pollutionand compensate the losses according to law.
The state supports the livestock or poultry farm or raising community to build comprehensive facilities
of utilization of the livestock or poultry dung, wastewater and other solid wastes.

相关法律法规及政策
Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》（2008年修正）
Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law (2008Amendment)
 第四十九条

国家支持畜禽养殖场、养殖小区建设畜禽粪便、废水的综合利用或者无害化处理设施。
畜禽养殖场、养殖小区应当保证其畜禽粪便、废水的综合利用或者无害化处理设施正常运转，保证污水达标排放，防止污染水环境。
 Article 49: The state supports the livestock or poultry farm or raising community to build
comprehensive utilization or innocuous disposal facilities of the livestock or poultry dung andwastewater.
A livestock or poultry farm or raising community shall ensure the normal running of thecomprehensive utilization or the other innocuous disposal facilities of the livestock or poultry dung,
wastewater and other solid wastes so as to make the treated wastewater reach the relevant standards

and prevent them from polluting the environment.

相关法律法规及政策
Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》（2013）
Regulation on the Prevention and Control of Pollution from
Large-scale Breeding of Livestock and Poultry (2013)污染防治基本思路——预防为主、防治结合 prevention first, combine prevention with control
统筹规划、合理布局 Reasonable layout planning and co-ordination
综合利用、激励引导 Comprehensive utilization and incentive guidance——第三条 Article 3

相关法律法规及政策
Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》（2013）
Regulation on the Prevention and Control of Pollution from
Large-scale Breeding of Livestock and Poultry (2013)畜禽养殖污染监管措施 Supervision measures——• 畜禽养殖业发展规划应当统筹考虑环境承载能力以及畜禽养殖污染防治要求（第九条）
Livestock development planning should consider the overall environmental carrying capacity of livestock andpoultry farming pollution prevention requirements——Article 9• 政府制定畜禽养殖污染防治规划，明确目标、任务、要求（第十条）
The prevention and control plan of livestock pollution should be made by government, objectives, tasks andrequirements should be clearly write——Article 10•划分禁养区、限养区（第十一条） Divided into prohibited areas, restricted areas——Article 11• 项目环评，要求配套贮存设施，有综合利用设施或委托处置措施（第十二条）
Environmental impact assessment of the project：storage facilities, comprehensive utilization of facilities orcommissioned disposal measures must be set——Article 12••污染物产排量登记备案（第二十二条） Pollution discharge registration——Article 22环保部门加强监测和监督检查（第二十三条） Environmental protection departments: to strengthen
monitoring and supervision and inspection——Article 23

相关法律法规及政策
Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》（2013）
Regulation on the Prevention and Control of Pollution from
Large-scale Breeding of Livestock and Poultry (2013)畜禽养殖污染排放综合利用和治理 Comprehensive utilization and management——••

支持粪肥还田、沼气处理（第十五条） Support manure returning and biogas treatment——Article 15
鼓励种养结合、就近就地消纳利用（第十六条） Encourage the combination of planting and breeding,and local utilization——Article 16•处理处置过程污染防治（第十九条） Pollution prevention during the treatment process——Article 19•

还田利用不过量、还田肥料无害化（第十八条） Avoid excessive and fertilizer harmless in returning——Article 18•

不经有效处理，污水不得排放。达标排放要合乎国家和地方标准，并不超过总量控制指标（第二十条） No sewage allowed to be discharged without effective treatment. Emissions should be met withnational and local standards, and does not exceed the total control targets——Article 20•

政府制定方案，整治散养密集区域（第二十四条）Government should make regulating plan of dense
free-range areas——Article 24

相关法律法规及政策
Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》（2013）
Regulation on the Prevention and Control of Pollution fromLarge-scale Breeding of Livestock and Poultry (2013)
养猪废水鼓励措施 Encouragement measures of pig wastewater——• 改造和治理可申请中央和地方农村环保及其他资金支持（第二十六、二十八条）
Reconstruction and controlling can apply for central and local and other financial support——Article26,28• 废弃物综合利用产品生产销售使用，享税收优惠等扶持政策（第二十九条）
Comprehensive utilization of waste can enjoy preferential policies such as tax incentives——Article 29• 有机肥运输和购买，享受不低于化肥的同类政策（第三十条）
Organic fertilizer transportation and purchase, could enjoy preferential policies no less than fertilizer policy——Article 30• 相关综合利用设备购置，税收优惠，用电按农业用电价格（第三十条）
To purchase relevant comprehensive utilization of equipment, could enjoy tax incentives, and agriculturalelectricity prices——Article 30•

自愿提高减排标准和要求，给予奖励（第三十四条）

Voluntary improving emission standards and requirements, should be rewarded——Article 34

相关法律法规及政策
Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies《水污染防治行动计划》（2015）
Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution(2015)
 （三）推进农业农村污染防治。防治畜禽养殖污染。现有规模化畜禽养殖场（小区）要根据污染

防治需要，配套建设粪便污水贮存、处理、利用设施。散养密集区要实行畜禽粪便污水分户收集、集中处理利用。自2016年起，新建、改建、扩建规模化畜禽养殖场（小区）要实施雨污分流、粪
便污水资源化利用。（农业部牵头，环境保护部参与） Boosting prevention and control of agricultural and rural pollution. To prevent and control livestock andpoultry farming pollution. Existing large-scale livestock and poultry farms (areas) should be equippedwith fecal sewage storing, treating and utilizing facilities according to pollution prevention and control
needs. Dense free-range areas should adopt collection, by households, and centralized treatment andutilization of livestock excrements and sewage. Since 2016, rainfall and sewage shunting and resourcefulutilization of fecal sewage should be implemented in newly built, rebuilt and expanded large-scale
livestock and poultry farms (areas). (Led by Ministry of Agriculture and participated by Ministry ofEnvironmental Protection)

相关法律法规及政策
Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》（2001）
Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry
Breeding (2001)

Controlling BOD5
item
(mg/L)
Discharge
standard

150

COD(mg/L)

SS(mg/L)

Ammonium(mg/L)

TP(mg/L)

Faecalcoliforms(/100mL)

Ascariseggs (/L)

400

200

80

8.0

1000

2.0相关法律法规及政策
Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies《畜禽养殖业污染治理工程技术规范》（2009）
Technical Specification for Pollution Treatment Project ofLivestock and Poultry Breeding (2009)
规范对畜禽养殖废水从预处理、厌氧生物处理、好氧生物处理、自然处

理、消毒等工艺进行了规定。
The technical specification makes requirements of livestock and poultry
breeding wastewater, including pretreatment, anaerobic biological treatment,
aerobic biological treatment, natural treatment, disinfection and otherprocesses.

相关法律法规及政策
Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies《畜禽养殖业污染治理工程技术规范》（2009）
Technical Specification for Pollution Treatment Project ofLivestock and Poultry Breeding (2009)养猪废水的处理一般采用 “预处理——厌氧生化处理——好氧生化处理——深度处理”
Pig wastewater treatment is generally used:"Pretreatment——anaerobic biochemical treatment——aerobic biochemicaltreatment——advanced treatment"Gas storage tank
Biogas use
Waste water

Biogas purification

Sink sand pool

Grilleanaerobic reactor

Biogas slurry using system

Biogas slurry storage tankCompostBiogas residue
Wastewater &biogas slurry

Manure & biogas residue

模式1 Mode 1

BiogasFertilization or other uses

Biogas purification

Wastewater

Sink sand pool

Storage shed Grille

Solid-liquid
separationequipment

Hydrolytic
acidificationtankanaerobic reactor

Biogas use
Gas storage tank
Biogas slurry using system

Biogas slurry storage tankBiogas residue

Manure residue

ManureFertilizationor other uses

CompostWastewater &biogas slurry

Manure & biogas residue

Biogas

模式2 Mode 2

Wastewater

Storage shed
ManureSink sand pool

GrilleSolid-liquid
separationequipment

Manure residue

Biogas purification
Hydrolytic
acidificationtankanaerobic reactor
Biogas residue

Distribution
reservoir

CompostWastewater &biogas slurry

Gas storage tank Biogas use
Aerobic treatment system

Natural treatment system
Manure & biogas residue

模式3 Mode 3

BiogasDisinfection

Discharge or irrigation

三、典型案例
3. Representative Cases

典型案例 (Representative Cases)
案例一：嘉兴市农村污水“三水合一”治理模式
Case 1: “3 in 1” wastewater treatment mode of rural wastewater in Jiaxing City2011年，嘉兴市平湖市曹桥街道选择生猪养殖相对集中的三个重点村的部
分自然村开展“三水合一”综合治理，将养殖户的厨房、生活以及畜禽污水通过集中管网排到沼气池进行发酵处理。三个重点村207户生猪散养户共建造沼
气池2484立方米。通过 “三水合一”整治，进一步拓展了畜禽养殖业污染治理
覆盖面，使原来相对分散的生猪散养户产生的养猪废水得到了有效处理，改善了周边的水环境。
pipelines
Kitchen, living and livestock wastewater

Biogas digester

3 villages, 207 families

2484 Cubic metre

the surrounding water environment be improved典型案例 (Representative Cases)
案例二：黑龙江丹青诺和牧业公司液体粪肥还田示范项目Case 2: Demonstration project of liquid manure application to field ofDanqing Nuohe Animal husbandry Ltd., Heilongjiang Provence.
公司引进丹麦技术，在庆源猪场建设中丹合作液体粪污还田项目。项目分两部分内
容：一是政府投资150万元建设环保密闭式存储池，存储容量6000立方米，每年可容纳
1.2万立方液体粪污；二是引进丹麦高效液体粪肥施肥机，在春季播种前及秋整地时节，将存储的液态猪粪肥全量精准还田。从目前运行来看，每亩地运行成本200元左右，经济
半径10公里，10-50公里每吨加10元成本。

• Danish Technology• Liquid manure returning• 1.5 million RMB• Sealed storage pool
• 6000 m3, Annual capacityof 12 thousand cubic
meters of liquid manure• Operating costs 200 yuan储粪池 (manure storage tank)

施肥车(liquid manure distributor)谢 谢！
Thanks for your attention！
Sun Feixiang （孙飞翔）Add: No.1, Yuhuinanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China
E-mail: sun.feixiang@prcee.org
Tel: +86-10-84665303 Fax: +86-10-84630907
Mob: 13220177058