Presentation to the 3rd International Workshop and 7th Annual Meeting of Water
Environment Partnership in Asia

SANIMAS – Community Based Sanitation
Small Scale Domestic Wastewater
Treatment
Nanda Lasro Elisabet Sirait
Directorate General of Human Settlements

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS
DIRECTORATE GENERALOF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

I

Indonesia at a Glance
Population up to 230 million
with 57,86% live in rural areas(Statistics Indonesia, 2009)
17,504 islands 1,890,754 km2(Statistics Indonesia, 2009)
GDP per capita US$ 4,149(Moody’s Index, 2009)
Human DevelopmentpIndex
ranking 111 of 182 countries(UNDP, 2009)

11

II

Problems and Challenges
Sanitation

Low accessto sanitation
facility in thecommunity
2

II

Problems and Challenges
Sanitation
Industrial waste waterwithout treatment

Open defecation
Makeshifts
Latrines

Waste in drainage
channelWashing and bathing in
polluted rivers

Illegal dumping of
sewage sludge

32

Problems and Challenges

II

Sanitation
Sanitation in Indonesia in Year 2009 (BPS, 2010)

Improved Sanitation: Public/shared/private toilet with water closet and septic tank.
4III

Millennium Development Goals

Goal 7 Target 10
to halve the number of people without access to clean water andbasic sanitation facilities by 2015
No.
A

INDICATOR
Proportion of Population with Access to Water
Supply- Protected Non-Piped System (in urban areas)- Protected Non-Piped System (in rural areas)

1993
(%)

MDGs PROGRESS REPORT 2009
20072009
TARGET 2015
(%)
(%)
(%)
37,73

B Piped Water Supply System- Urban areas- Rural areas
C Improved Sanitation- Urban Households- Rural Households

24,74

52,10

47,71

68,87

87,60
52,10

49,82
45,72

78,19
61,60

30,80
9,00

25,56
43,96
11,54

41,03
68,32
19,76

68,00
81,80
60,00

51,0259,55
34,00

62,37
78,30
55,54
53

IVPolicies and Strategies

Wastewater
1. Increase access to wastewater facilities, both on-site and off-site systems, inurban and rural areas to improve community’s health
2. Increase both community and private sectors participation in the managementof wastewater
3. Developing Regulations Related to Domestic Waste Water Management
4. Strengthening Institution and Improving Operator’s Capacity Related to Waste
Water Management
5. Increasing and Developing Alternatives of Financial Resources for Sanitation

6V

Strategic Plan 2010-2014

Wastewater
1. Improving the Quality of Wastewater Infrastructure
Objective: to improve the quality of housing environment and access tobasic infrastructures to improve community’s wellbeing
Programme: Wastewater Infrastructure Development (On-site System)
Target: 210 locations in 32 provinces

74

VI

Paradigm Changes• Old Paradigm• New Paradigm(before 2005)

TARGET

PUBLIC NEEDSORIENTEDORIENTED• No sense of belongingg g• Community involvement• Neglected sanitatin• Sustainable sanitation

systemsystemPioneer : World Bank, BORDA NGO and Watsan Working Group
8VIII SANIMAS
VI
ObjectiveTo improve access for poor community in urban areas and community inrural areas with limited access towards sanitation
To have community based sanitation as an alternative choice for asustainable sanitation infrastructure

Requirements:- Slum area in urban areas with population density of > 150 pe / ha
- Will not polluted water supply sources e.g.
e g surface water and groundwater- SANIMAS construction is built with cheap local material- Alternative of technology is chosen by the community according to local
needs
95

VIII SANIMAS
VIPrinciples•

Demand Responsive Approach/DRA•

Participative•

Multi-sources of Funding•

Technical Options•

Self-selection Process•

Capacity Building

B i Principles
Basic
P i i l off Alternative
Altti Technology:T h l-cost consideration
efficientease in operation and maintenancelow energy usage
appropriate technology
10

VII SANIMAS – Implementation Mechanisms•Preparation•Sosialization, Workshop•Preparation of Facilitators•(Selection,(Se ect o , ttraining)a g)•Location, facitators, MoU

Location Selection•Longlist , Shortlist•Preparation of Community BasedOrganisation (CBO)•Training of CBO•- Training for operators•- Socialization for users•Letter of Intend•- Selected city•- MoU• Selected facilitator•-•Selected Location•Preparation of Community Action Plan
•Organization, alternative of technology,DED, Budgeting, activity schedule• Community Action Plan

•Construction•Implementation and supervision bycommunity•Infrastructure is ready to use•O & M• Efluen meets the standards• Reducing of waterborne
deseases• Sustainable infrastructure

116

VIII SANIMAS – Fill the GAP
VI•Sewerage system
CO
NVENI
ENCE

• CBS system• On-site system

COST12VIII SANIMAS – REPLICATION 2006-2009
VITechnologyYearRegency /Province
Location
Municipality

User

PublicsharedtoiletCommunal
sewerage

CombinesystemHH

Inhabitant

2006

205365

54

83

5.700

23.886

2007

2280

125

100

22311.894

55.753

2008

1669

108

81

171011.061

48.984

2009

1765

97

74

14

9

7.200

36.017

Total

22124

395

309

61

2535.855 164.640

2011 : 17 Provinces, 54 Location137

VI SANIMAS – Success Factors

 Location selection should follow the SANIMAS
guidelinesg Involvement of the community since the beginningwill increase their sense of belonging
 Access to clean water is available (tap water, surfacewater, ground water etc.)

14

VI SANIMAS – Lesson Learned
 Community involvement since the beginning of theprogram became an important factor for sustainabledevelopment
 Community development consume about 70% of
implementation time Community need technical assistance and supervisi
on for SANIMAS construction
 After construction, we should never forget the CBO,
they still need an advisory Capacity
py building
g for all stakeholder including
g localgovernment Difficulty to find a land for WWT can be solved withcreativity (under path way, social facility, public facility etc.)
158MCK++(Public shared toilet)
with BIOGAS SYSTEM
at KEDIRIMUNICIPALITYCOMMUNAL WASTEWATER SYSTEMAT BLITAR/PASURUAN
MUNICIPALITY

•1616
•16

COMMUNAL WASTEWATER SYSTEM
AT DENPASAR MUNICIPALITY•17179DenpasarCommunal system

PasuruanCommunal system

BlitarCommunal system

Sidoarjo Regency
Public shared toilet

Mojokerto
Public shared toilet

KediriPublic shared toilet
18

Courtesy to BORDA and Partners

10

SANIMAS - Participative

SOCIALIZATION IN
YOGYAKARTASANIMAS - Participative
CONSTRUCTION IN
YOGYAKARTA11SANIMAS - Participative

FINISHING PROCESS

22

SANIMAS - Multi-sources funding

Centralgovernment

Province
government

SANIMAS

Donor/Private/NGO

Local
government

Community

23

12

SANIMAS FUNDING per LOCATION 2006-2009

1. Community empowerment cost : 15% Local government,
15% NGO of construction cost
1. Construction Cost :• Central Gov. : Rp. 100 M• Local Gov. :Rp. 200 M• Community : 2-4 % (in-cash), land, labor, local material etc
33.

OperationalOtil Cost
C t
Responsibility of each stakeholder

24

SANIMAS FUNDING MECHANISM FY 2008No.

Activities

IPreparation

IIKampong Selection

III

Community Action
Plan Preparation

IVCommunity
development

V

Construction-Material-Salary
Salary-Land

VI

Facilitator

VII

O&M

VIII

Monitoring &Evaluation

Central
Gov.

Local
Gov.

√

BORDA√

√
√

√
√

√

√

√

√
√
√

√

√

√

√
√
√
√

√
√

Community

√√
√
25

13

Operation and MaintenancePublic Share Toilet– for 250 inhabitants
I. O & M Cost

Expenses

Rp /month

1. Operator & guard

Regional miniimum wage

420,000.00

2. Electricity

1300 Watt (pump + lighting)

180,000.00

3. Sludge desludging

Rp. 500,000,-/ 2 years

21,000.00

4. Sanitizer

Soap, detergen, vixal etc

60,000.00

5. Pump maintenanceRp. 100,000,- / year

9,000.00

6. Others

Bulb,paint, mob etc.

75,000.00
Total O& M

765,000.00

II. Contribution

Activity1.

Rp. / use

Shower150 - 500

2. Toilet

150 - 500

3. Washing + water

150 - 500

26

Note : cost calculation for 2006

Operation and MaintenanceCommunal Wastewater System– for 750
inhabitants
Rp./monthO&M Cost
I. Toilet

OM cost is responsibility of theuser

II. House connection
III. Main pipe and WWT
1. Operator Inspection 4x/month : WWT, main pipe, secondary
pipe @ Rp. 25.000,- / Inspection

100,000.00

g g everyy 2 yyears Rp.
p 500.000,,
2. Desludging,21,000.00

3. Others: pipe repairment, box control , WWT. Assumption: pipe
repairment 40 m' per 2 years

45,000.00

Total O & M

166,000.00

Household contribution per month

1,952.94

Round-up

2,000.00

Note : cost calculation for 2006

27

14

Technical Options
SANIMAS

Choices

Choices

4th Component
Disposal /Reuse Option

5th Component
Operationand Maintenance

Choices

3rd Component
Treatment

Choices1st Component
Toilet

Choices

2nd Component
Piping System

28

Communal Septic Tank

Communal Wastewater
SystemPublic ShareToilet ++2915

Effluent Test Result
Test result of CBS Small scale sewerage system with Dewats
technology at Kampung Ngampilan Yogyakarta, 11 November
2003
Parameter

ResultDomestic wastewater
effluent standards*standards*

BOD

39 mg/l

50 mg/l

COD

55 mg/l

100 mg/l

TSS

22 mg/l

30 mg/l• Source : Environmental Minister Decree No•*No. 112 /2003 about do
mestic wastewater effluent standards

30

behavioral changes•SANIMAS•313116