Current situation of livestock industry andlivestock wastewater in neighborhood countries

Tetsuo Kuyama

Manager (Water Resource management)
Natural Resource and Ecosystem Services Area
Secretariat of Water Environmental Partnership inAsia (WEPA)

2Water Environmental Partnership in Asia (WEPA)
improvement of water environmental governance

Recognizing theis essential tosolve water pollution problems in the Asian region, the Water Environmental Partnership in Asia (WEPA) was launchedin 2004 by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. WEPA conducts its activity on a 5‐year cycle and the third phasestarted in April 2014

WEPA consists of partners in

13 Asian countries

1. Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka)
2. Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (Nepal)
3. Japan (Japan)
4. Kingdom of Cambodia (Cambodia)
5. Kingdom of Thailand (Thailand)
6. Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR)
7. Malaysia (Malaysia)
8. People's Republic of China (China)
9. Republic of Indonesia (Indonesia)
10.Republic of Korea (Republic of Korea)
11.Republic of the Philippines (Philippines)
12.Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (Viet Nam)
13.Union of Myanmar (Myanmar)

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MOEJ’s Strategies to Improve Water Environment in Asia
Water Environmental Conservation in Asia
Water Environmental Partnershipin Asia (WEPA)

Knowledge sharingand Solution Finding

Collaboration

on Water

Environmental
Governance

Pilot Projects for Water Environment
Improvement in Asia

Addressing Water
Pollution Problems
using JapaneseTechnology
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Today’s presentation• Pig industry in WEPA countries• Impacts of pig industry to water environment of WEPAcountries• Pig wastewater management in Indonesia, Thailand andMyanmar (to be explained by WEPA partners after mypresentation)
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5Pig Industry in WEPA countries (Outlook)
55 % of global pig production (2011)• About 580 million heads (as of live pig in 2014) in WEPA countries• Rapid increase of pig population in China, Vietnam, Myanmar• Few exported pigs: Most of pigs are consumed in each country. Pig•production increase is supposed to be due to human population increase and change offood culture

Increase of large scale producer: China, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam• High pig density around big cities: China, Thailand, Vietnam,•Philippine

54EuropeAsiaUSABrazil67Global Pig Production in 2011
Othercountri es
25%
Bra zi l
3%
Spa in3%Germa ny5%

Chi na46%

USA9%Other WEPA countries
6%

Vi etnam3%

Source: FAO

Total Production over the world: 110 million tones

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Number of Live Pig in WEPA Countries (2014)
1,000,000,000

Country with more than
5 million heads of pigs

Heads
Heads

100,000,000
10,000,000
1,000,000
100,000
10,000China Vietnam
Vietnam Myanmar
Myanmmar Phillippine
Korea
China
Philippine Korea

Japan Indonesia
Indonesia Thailand
JapanThailand

LaosCambodia Malaysia
Malaysia
Laos Cambodia

NepalNepal

Sri
SriLanka
Lanka

Source: FAO

WEPA total: About 580 million heads

89Change in Number of Live Pig in WEPA Countries
30,000,000

600,000,000

25,000,000
20,000,000

400,000,000

Head

Head

500,000,000

300,000,000

15,000,000
10,000,000

200,000,000

5,000,000

100,000,000

01965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0Year

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

YearThailand

VietnamPhillippine

Myanmmar

Korea

Japan

Indonesia

Malaysia

Source: FAO

China

Other selected WEPA countries

910Pig meat import/export in WEPA countries (2011)
JapanJapan

VietnamVietnamThailandThailand

Phillippines

Phillippines

Malaysia

Malaysia

Indonesia

Indonesia

Republic of Korea

Republic of Korea

China

China
0%

20%40%

Production

60%

Imports

80%100%0%20%

Exports

40%

60%

80%

100%

Utlization
Source: FAO

Production/Imports

Utilization/Exports

1011Size of Pig Industry in WEPA countries
Share of pigs slaughtered by farm size in Thailand (1993 and 2013)
Number of pigs
slaughtered

Pigs slaughtered by farm size (%)

1‐500

73

25>500

2775

1993

2013

Source: Agricultural Census and FAO

Same trend in China, Japan and Vietnam

11Pig Density in Asia
BeijingTianjin

Shanghai

Hanoi
ManilaBangkok
HCMC

Source: FAO, LEAD Project

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Supposed Issues caused by Pig Industry related withWater Environment
Pollution load increase from pig industry to water environment• Change in pattern of pollution loading from pig industry to•water environment•

Severe negative environmental/social impact from pig
industry in the city near high pig density area in addition topollution from domestic wastewater
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Cases of Water Environmental Pollution caused by Pig Industry reportedin WEPA Countries
Thailand• According to Pollution Control Department in 1999, 23 % of BOD loading in Tha ChinRiver (western part of Bangkok city) was caused by pig industry. In 2000, water quality at
Tha Chin River became critical as the level of DO has dropped to near zero in the mostpart of the river. In addition, there was complaint that pig production is a cause of waterpollution in Bangpakong River in the eastern region. Consequently, in 2001, PCD added
the pig industry in the regulated list (source：FAO).

Philippine• In Balanac River, which is a tributary of Laguna de Bay and Benig River in Tarlac located inLuzon, water pollutions caused by pig industry were reported, and therefore DENR
investigated these rivers. In addition, river waters in Lantapan, Bukindo in Mindanao havealso become polluted with E.coli and there was suspicion that the pollitants must havecome from human and livestock waste (source: FAO)
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Cases of Water Environmental Pollution caused by Pig Industry reported
in WEPA Countries
China• According to 12th National Five Years Plan of Livestock Pollution Prevention, 59 % of total
pollution load to Lake Tai is reported to be caused by agricultural sector, mainly fromlivestock industry. In addition, Chinese government conducted national pollutant
inventory survey in 2009 and 2010. The result of the survey in 2010 illustrated that 45%of COD load and 25 % of NH3 load were from livestock industry. Consequently, Chinese
government started to intensify livestock pollution prevention from 12th National Five
Years Plan.

Vietnam• ????

15Pig Density in Asia
Beijing
Tianjin
Lake Tai
Shanghai

Hanoi
Bangoakong River
BangkokThai Chin River

Manila
HCMC

Balanac River andLagnuna de Bay

Source: FAO, LEAD Project1617

Thank you in advance for your active discussion

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