ISSN 1020-914X

UNAFEI

NEWSLETTER
UNAFEI

UNITED NATIONS ASIA AND FAR EASTINSTITUTE FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRIME
AND THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS

No. 157
September 2018

Established1961
IN THIS ISSUE

Page

LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR

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THE 170TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE

3TREATMENT OF ILLICIT DRUG USERS
Course Rationale
Course Summary
Lecture Topics
Individual Presentation Topics
Group Workshop Sessions
Observation Visits
Group Study Tours
Special Events
Reference Materials
Expert and Participant List

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INFORMATION ABOUT FORTHCOMING PROGRAMMESThe 21st UNAFEI UNCAC Training Programme
The Twelfth Regional Seminar on Good Governance
The 171st International Senior Seminar

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ADMINISTRATIVE NEWS
Faculty Changes

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FACULTY AND STAFF OF UNAFEI

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UNAFEI IS AN AFFILIATED REGIONAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNITED NATIONS

2-1-18, MOKUSEINOMORI, AKISHIMA-SHI, TOKYO, 196-8570, JAPANTEL: 81-42-500-5100 ◆ FAX: 81-42-500-5195 ◆ E-MAIL: unafei@i.moj.go.jp
HOME PAGE: https://www.unafei.or.jp/

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LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR
It is my privilege to inform readers of the successful completion of the 170thInternational Training Course on the Treatment of Illicit Drug Users, which took place from
22 August to 21 September 2018. In this Course, we welcomed 7 Japanese participants and 18
overseas participants, including 4 observers: 12 from Asia, 3 from Africa, 2 from Oceania and1 from South America. The participants included judges, prosecutors, probation officers,
police officers and other public officials involved in the field of crime prevention and criminal
justice. As this newsletter demonstrates, the Course was extremely productive. It consisted oflectures by visiting experts, ad hoc lecturers, UNAFEI faculty members, individual
presentations, visits to relevant criminal justice agencies, and group-workshop and plenary
sessions.
Drug dependence is a complex multifactorial health disorder characterized by a chronic
and relapsing disease with social causes and consequences. It is a result of a long series of
biological and environmental factors that can be prevented and treated in a health-oriented
framework. Therefore, criminal justice practitioners must not only instruct users to desist fromusing drugs, but also must be aware that drug dependence is a disease that can be recoveredfrom by continuous treatment and support.
UNAFEI, as one of the institutes of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal
Justice Programme Network, held this Course to offer participants an opportunity to clarify
and analyse the current situation of the treatment of illicit drug users in each participating
country and to explore more effective practices for doing so. Additionally, the participants
were able to share experiences, gain knowledge, and build a human network of counterparts.
During the Course, the participants diligently and comprehensively examined the main
theme, primarily through a comparative analysis. The participants shared their own
experiences and knowledge of the issues and identified problems and areas in which
improvements could be made. With the academic and practical input from the visiting experts,
ad hoc lecturers and UNAFEI faculty—and the in-depth discussions they had with eachother—the participants are now better equipped to enhance the policies and practices related
to the treatment of illicit drug users in their respective countries.
I would like to offer my sincere congratulations to all the participants upon theirsuccessful completion of the Course, made possible by their strenuous efforts. My heartfelt
gratitude goes out to the visiting experts and ad hoc lecturers who contributed a great deal to
the Course’s success. Furthermore, I appreciate the indispensable assistance and cooperation
extended to UNAFEI by various agencies and institutions that helped diversify the Course.
I would also like to express my great appreciation to the Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA) for its immeasurable support throughout the Course. At the sametime, a warm tribute must be paid to the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF) and its
branch organizations for their substantial contributions to our activities. Lastly, I owe mygratitude to all the individuals whose unselfish efforts behind the scenes contributed
significantly to the successful realization of this Course.
Upon returning to their home countries, I genuinely believe that, like their predecessors,
the strong determination and dedication of the participants will enable them to work towards

2
the improvement of their respective nations’ criminal justice systems, and towards the benefit
of international society as a whole.
Finally, I would like to reiterate my best regards to the participants of the 170thInternational Training Course. I hope that the experience they gained during the Course
proves valuable in their daily work and that the bonds fostered among the participants, visiting
experts and UNAFEI staff will continue to grow for many years to come.
September 2018

Takeshi SETO
Director of UNAFEI

3
THE 170TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE
TREATMENT OF ILLICIT DRUG USERS

Course Rationale
Scientific research has provided considerable evidence on the connection between drug
use and crime1. Although drug use does not automatically lead to crime, it can act as a catalyst
for existing criminal activity. Meanwhile, criminal behaviour may in turn stimulate further
drug use2. For example, studies illustrate that offenders convicted of property crimes often
committed such offences in order to acquire financial resources, enabling them to fund theirpersonal drug use3. Also, it has been shown that drug use increases one’s risk of committing
other crimes, including violent crimes4. Further, because of the relationship between drug use
and crime, high rates of drug use prior to incarceration have also been found among prisoners5.
But even in countries where drug use itself is not criminalized, drug use has a tendency to leadto the commission of other crimes, such as property crimes, drug trafficking and so on. Thus,
in addition to cases where drug use itself constitutes a crime, its high affinity with crimecauses broader criminal and societal problems.
On the other hand, dependence on drugs also entails a complex multifactorial healthdisorder characterized by a chronic and relapsing disease with social causes andconsequences. It is a result of a long series of biological and environmental factors that can beprevented and treated in a health-oriented framework6. Therefore, it is necessary not only to
instruct users to desist from using drugs, but also to have awareness that it is a disease that canbe recovered from by continuous treatment and support.
Bearing these characteristics of drug use in mind, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development, which was adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 20157,
underlines the importance of strengthening the prevention and treatment of substance abuse,including narcotic drug abuse (Goal 3. 5). Also, the UNGASS Outcome Document 2016,
adopted on 4 May 2016 at the 2016 United Nations General Assembly Special Session on theWorld Drug Problem8, highlights the importance of taking effective and practical measures toprevent progression to severe drug use disorders through appropriately targeted earlyinterventions for people at risk of such progression (1(b)). It also emphasizes the importanceof effective scientific evidence-based drug treatment, care and rehabilitation programmes,
UNODC/WHO, Handbook on Treatment and Care for People with Drug Use Disorders in Contact with the Criminal
Justice System Alternatives to Conviction or Punishment (in press).
2
Incardia, J.A., Martin, S.S and Butzin, C.A. Five-year outcomes of therapeutic community treatment of drug-involved
offenders after release from prison. Crime and Delinquency, 2004, 88-107; French, M., McGeary, K., Chitwood, D., McCoy,
C., Incardia, J. & McBride, D. Chronic drug use and crime. Substance abuse, 2000, 21, 95-109.
3E.g., Stevens, A., Berto, D., Heckmann, W., Kerschl, V., Oeuvray, K., van Ooyen, M., Steffan, E. & Uchtenhagen, A. Quasicompulsory treatment of drug dependent offenders: an international literature review. Substance use and misuse, 2005,
40, 3, 269-283.
4
Quinsey, V.L., Harris, G.T., Rice, M.E., & Cormier, C.A. Violent Offenders Appraising and Managing Risk, 2nd edition,
American Psychiatric Association, 2006.
5
Lo, C.C.& Stephans, R.C. Drugs and Prisoners: Treatment Needs on Entering Prison. American Journal of Drug andAlcohol Abuse, 2000, 26, 229-245. Stevens, A. When Two Dark Figures Collide: Evidence and Discourse on Drug-Related
Crime, 2007, Critical Social Policy, 2, 77-99.
1

4including community-based programmes, and strengthening capacity for aftercare for, and therehabilitation, recovery and social reintegration of, individuals with substance use disorders,
including through assistance for drug offenders as they re-enter the labour market and othersupport services (1 (i)). The Outcome Document also recommended promoting andstrengthening regional and international cooperation in developing and implementing
treatment-related initiatives, enhancing technical assistance and capacity-building andensuring non-discriminatory access to a broad range of interventions, including psychosocial,
behavioural and medication-assisted treatment, as well as rehabilitation, social reintegration
and recovery-support programmes, including access to such services in prisons and after
imprisonment (1 (k)). Furthermore, it points out the significance of developing andstrengthening the capacity of health care, social welfare, law enforcement and other criminal
justice authorities to cooperate in the implementation of comprehensive, integrated andbalanced responses to drug abuse and drug use disorders (1(l)).
The range of interventions, as pointed out above, consists of various treatment
interventions, such as pharmacological treatment and psychosocial treatment (e.g. motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioural therapy, 12- step group facilitation) in institutional andcommunity settings. With regard to psychosocial treatment, in particular, cognitive
behavioural therapy has been demonstrated to be effective9. In addition, it is said that applying
the “12- step group facilitation” of Narcotics Anonymous10, motivational interviewing, etc. —and applying them in a combined manner — is effective when focused on the target’s needs(such as psychological factors leading to problems) and individual characteristics (such as
gender, age, mental/physical disorder). There is no single-treatment approach that fits every
targeted individual, and a continuum of accessible and evidence-based care or treatment isessential11.
Given that drug users have a high affinity with crime and complex multifactorial healthdisorders as described above, different agencies, such as criminal justice, health care andsocial welfare agencies, should cooperate with one another in providing effective treatment inorder to respond to the challenges in dealing with them. Even if drug users were onceaccommodated in institutions for rehabilitation, evidence suggests that treatment programmes
mandating aftercare have higher success rates than those that do not12. Therefore, ensuring
aftercare is as important as choosing which treatment approach to take.
It is also useful to allow for alternatives to criminal sanctions or imprisonment for drug
users, which leads to providing them with community-based treatment, as long as it satisfies
the principle of proportionality. Therefore, for some jurisdictions, it may be necessary toconsider introducing a system ensuring the availability of such alternatives. To date, many
countries have been exploring different alternatives to criminal sanctions or imprisonment,
diverting drug users from formal criminal procedure to treatment.
UNODC/WHO, International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders, 2016.
“Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, General Assembly resolution 70/1 of 25
September 2015.
8“Our joint commitment to effectively addressing and countering the world drug problem”, General Assembly resolution
S-30/1 of 4 May 2016.
9National Treatment Agency (2005). The effectiveness of psychological therapies on drug misusing clients. London:
National Treatment Agency, National Institute of Drug Addiction (1999). NIDA Principles on addiction. A research based
guide. National Institute of Health.
10
https://www.na.org/
11
UNODC/WHO, International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders, 2016.
12
Vegas, O.M., Wilson, D.B., & Mackenzie, D.L. (2012) Campbell Systematic Reviews.
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5With the aim of promoting desistance from drug use, this training programme offeredparticipants an opportunity to deepen their understanding of the actual situation of drug use, todeepen their knowledge and understanding of effective systems and practices for withdrawal
from drug use, and to establish bases for future improvement and development of systems andpractices.
Main Theme
The main theme of the programme was “Treatment of Illicit Drug Users”. The objectiveof the programme was to identify key elements of best practices in the treatment of illicit drug
users which can be commonly shared among the participants regardless of the differences intheir legal systems, cultures and societies.
Through a variety of lectures and presentations, discussions, observation tours as wellas intensive group workshops, participants learned the theories underlying principles andpractical experiences of other countries. The programme also explored the advantages and/or
shortcomings of the participating countries’ systems and practices. With its comparative
approach, the programme enabled participants to acquire new and different viewpoints on, andinspired them to revisit and consider, possible ways to improve their own systems andpractices. The experience of gaining a multifaceted view and understanding by eachparticipant of his or her own system and practices will eventually contribute to renewed or
improved policy concerning the treatment of illicit drug users in their respective countries.
Further, it will lead to enhanced rehabilitation of illicit drug users and their reintegration into
the community and will ultimately contribute to the building of stable and peaceful societies
based on core values such as human rights and the rule of law.
In addition, the programme promoted the formation of a personal and professional
network among the participants, which will benefit each one of them and their respective
countries in the future through the sharing of updated information, thus enhancing
international cooperation in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice.
Key Topics of the Programme
The following are key topics that were addressed during the programme:
1)

Current status of drug use and drug-related offences:- main types of drugs that are in use- types of drug-related offences committed by drug users- legal frameworks available for (i) drug users (where use is illegal) and (ii) offenders
who commit offences connected with drug use (i.e., property crimes, drug trafficking
and so on). Examples include criminal procedures providing alternatives to conviction
or punishment, diversion from criminal proceedings, etc.
- risk/needs factors of drug users

2)

Initiatives for facilitating desistance from drug use in institutional and community
settings:- effective treatment approaches for desistance from drug use- staff training for implementation of treatment- methods for reducing harm to health/social life caused by drug use

3)

Coordination and cooperation between criminal justice agencies and health care orsocial welfare agencies; in particular, effective coordination and cooperation during

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incarceration, release from prison and diversion from criminal procedure to healthcare/social welfare focused procedures or treatment, etc.
Each participant was required to submit an Individual Presentation Paper regarding theabove-mentioned topics as they apply to his or her country, and to explain and discuss these
topics in his or her individual presentation.

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Course Summary
Lectures
During the Course, the participants attended 34 lectures, including 6 presented by thevisiting experts, 5 by ad hoc lecturers and 3 by the faculty of UNAFEI. Three distinguishedcriminal justice practitioners served as UNAFEI’s visiting experts. They lectured on issues
relating to the main theme of the Course and contributed significantly beyond their lectures byencouraging discussions after their lectures, participating in the discussions of otherprogrammes, and conversing with the participants on informal occasions. Additionally, the ad
hoc lectures were delivered by a professor of a Japanese university and treatment practitioners
affiliated with governmental entities and private treatment organizations. The lecturers andlecture topics are listed on pages 8 to 9.
Individual Presentations
During the first three weeks of the course, all participants delivered individual
presentations which introduced the situation, problems and future prospects of theparticipants’ countries. These papers were compiled onto a USB memory stick and distributed
to all the participants. The titles of these individual presentation papers are listed on pages 10
to 11.
Group Workshop Sessions
Group workshop sessions provided the participants with the opportunity to further
examine the sub-topics of the main theme. In order to conduct each session effectively, the
UNAFEI faculty selected individuals to serve as group members for the sub-topics, based on
their responses to a previously distributed questionnaire. Selected participants served aschairpersons, co-chairpersons, rapporteurs or co-rapporteurs, and faculty members served asadvisers. Each group’s primary responsibility was to explore and develop their designated
topics in the group workshop sessions. The participants and UNAFEI faculty studied the
topics and exchanged their views based on information obtained through personal experience,
the individual presentations, lectures and so forth. After the group workshop sessions, reports
were drafted based on the discussions in their groups. These reports were subsequently
presented in the plenary report-back session, where they were endorsed as the reports of the
Course. Brief summaries of the group workshop reports are provided on pages 12 to 13.
Visits and Special Events
Visits to various agencies and institutions in Japan helped the participants obtain a morepractical understanding of the Japanese criminal justice system. In addition to the Course’s
academic agenda, many activities were arranged to provide a greater understanding ofJapanese society and culture, with the assistance of various organizations and individuals,
including the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation (ACPF). For more detailed descriptions,please refer to pages 14 to 16.

8Lecture Topics
Visiting Experts’ Lectures
1)

Ms. Anja Busse• International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders• Treatment for People with Drug Use Disorders in Contact with the Criminal Justice
System: Alternatives to Conviction or Punishment

2)

Dr. Alexander David Wodak• Prisons, Drug Use, Treatment & Drug Policy• Drug Policy and Harm Reduction

3)

Dr. Sheldon Xiaodong Zhang• In-prison Substance Misuse Treatment Principles and Modalities• Assessment of In-prison Drug Treatment

UNAFEI Professors’ Lectures
1)

Mr. OTANI Junichiro, Professor, UNAFEI• Criminal Justice System in Japan2)

Mr. HIRANO Nozomu, Professor, UNAFEI• Criminal Justice System in Japan3)

Ms. YAMAMOTO Mana, Professor, UNAFEI• Criminal Justice System in Japan4)

Mr. OHINATA Hidenori, Professor, UNAFEI• Criminal Justice System in Japan5)

Mr. TSUJI Takanori, Police Superintendent, Adjunct Professor, UNAFEI• Criminal Justice System in Japan

Ad Hoc Lectures
1)

Dr. OTA Tatsuya
Professor, Faculty of Law, Keio University

9• Criminal Procedure against Drug Abusers and Early Intervention
2)

Dr. MATSUMOTO Toshihiko
Section Chief of the Department of Drug Dependence Research and Head of the Center
for Drug Addiction Treatment of the National Institute of Mental Health, National
Center of Neurology and Psychiatry• The Status and Treatment of Drug Dependence in Japanese Medical Institutions

3)

Mr. UMEDA Yasunori
H and I (Hospital and Institution) Committee of Narcotics Anonymous (NA) in Japan
Ms. USHIKI Junko
Instructor at the Fukushima Women’s Prison• Cooperation between Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and Penal Institutions

4)

Ms. KAMIOKA Harue
Director of the Women’s House, Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center (DARC)• Social Work with Women Who Have Disabilities or Difficulties in Living- Child-rearing support of DARC Women’s House -10
Individual Presentation Topics
Overseas Participants
1)

Mr. Eduardo Tomio TAKATA (Brazil)• Treatment of Illicit Drug Offenders in Brazil: Trafficker / Drug Dealer / User / Abuser

2)

Mr. Somlith MANICHANH (Laos)• The Treatment of Illicit Drug Users in Lao PDR

3)

Mr. Suhaizak Bin AB. WAHAB (Malaysia)• An Introduction to Treatment and Rehabilitation for Illicit Drug Use Offenders in
Malaysian Prisons

4)

Mr. Syahrul Amri Bin ABD MUTALIB (Malaysia)• Treatment of Illicit Drug Users in Malaysia: Focus on Parole

5)

Mr. Abdul Sattar ABDUL HAMEED (Maldives)• Drug Rehabilitation in the Maldives6)

Ms. Joanna Marie Helisa FIGARO JOLICOEUR (Mauritius)• The Implementation of the Transtheoreical Model of Change Program among
Intravenous Drug Users in the Mauritius Prison Service (Male Prison)7)

Mr. Deepak Roomesh GUNNOO (Mauritius)• Treatment of Offenders and Illicit Drug Users

8)

Mr. Thet Paing Soe (Myanmar)• Individual Presentation on the Myanmar Prison System, Treatment of Illicit Drug
Users

9)

Ms. Nanja LIMBO (Namibia)• The Rehabilitation of Illicit Drug Users in Correctional Facilities: A Strategy of
Effective Stakeholders, Cooperation and Collaboration

10)

Mr. Najeeb ULLAH (Pakistan)• Situation of Illicit Drugs in Pakistan

11)

Mr. Eko Kubi MANGERE (Papua New Guinea)• Treatment of Illicit Drug Users and Drug Related Offences in Papua New Guinea

12)

Mr. John Junior SMITH (Samoa)• Treatment of Illicit Drug Users in Samoa

13)

Mr. Nishantha Shanthilal HAPUARACHCHI (Sri Lanka)• Illicit Drugs and Treatment of Offenders in Sri Lanka

14)

Ms. Pareena NOKCHAN (Thailand)• Treatment of Illicit Drug Users in Thailand

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15)

Mr. Yuen Tak LAM (Hong Kong)• Treatment of Illicit Drug Users in Hong Kong

16)

Mr. Gun Young NA (Korea)• Treatment of Illicit Drug Users in Korea

17)

Ms. Ma. Beverly Duque AMPO (Philippines)• Treatment of Illicit Drug Users and Drug Offenders

18)

Mr. Santiago LINDAYAG, Jr. (Philippines)• Volunteer Probation Assistant (VPA) Programme: A Community Based Rehabilitation Programme for Drug Offenders

Japanese Participants
19)

Mr. ANDO Yo• Treatment of Drug Users in Juvenile Training Schools

20)

Mr. KABE Tsuyoshi• Regulation and Current Status of Drug Related Offences in Japan21)

Ms. KOMINO Keiko• Treatment for Drug Offenders in Japan

22)

Mr. NAGAI Toru
• Treatment Programmes for Drug Users in Penal Institutions

23)

Ms. TANIGUCHI Maki
• Partial Suspension of Execution of Sentence as a Judicial Measure for Drug-Offender
Rehabilitation

24)

Mr. TONE Kazumasa• Surveys of Drug-Related Criminals by the Regional Parole Board

25)

Mr. YAMANE Masashi• The Role of Law Enforcement Agencies in Eliminating Drug Abuse

12Group Workshop Sessions
Group 1
SPECIFIC MEASURES: EFFECTIVE TREATMENT MODALITIES AND
INTERVENTIONS FOR INCARCERATED DRUG USERS
Rapporteur: Ms. Nanja LIMBO (Namibia)
Co-Rapporteurs: Mr. Eduardo Tomio TAKATA (Brazil)
Mr. Suhaizak Bin AB. WAHAB (Malaysia)
Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Members

Advisers

Mr. Deepak Roomesh GUNNOO
Ms. KOMINO Keikio
Mr. Yuen Tak LAM
Mr. Thet Paing Soe
Mr. Eko Kubi MANGERE
Mr. John Junior SMITH
Mr. NAGAI Toru
Mr. YAMANE Masashi
Prof. Mana YAMAMOTO
Prof. Hidenori OHINATA
Prof. Ryo FUTAGOISHI(Mauritius)(Japan)(Hong Kong)(Myanmar)(Papua New Guinea)(Samoa)(Japan)(Japan)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)(UNAFEI)

Report SummaryGroup 1 addressed the issue of the treatment of drug users in prisons, including
coordination between prisons and community organizations to prepare for reintegration. Fourcrucial challenges were identified as necessary to improve drug treatment in the custodial
setting: (i) lack of trained personnel, (ii) specialized assessment, (iii) lack of community
support and partnership, and (iv) diversity of drug use programmes.
Regarding training of correctional staff, each country should conduct a training needs
analysis on a yearly or biennial basis to identify training needs and skills gaps. Specifictraining measures may include academic and professional training programmes, such as
obtaining certificates in social work. In-service training should be provided by internal andexternal experts to enhance practical skills in the fields of law, medicine, etc., and learningfrom the experiences of community-based organizations should be encouraged.
Specialized assessment protocols and tools are necessary to determine which inmates
are drug users, have higher risk of relapse or reoffending, or are suffering from infectious
diseases or mental health problems. The Screening Brief Intervention Referral and Treatment(SBIRT) protocol provides a structured method that enables trained and untrained staff aliketo conduct initial screening using screening tools such as ASSIST, DAST 20 and C-SRRS.
These tools can be quickly and easily implemented to conduct initial assessments.
As drug users’ multifactorial risks and needs make it impossible to identify an ideal
treatment programme, a diversified portfolio of programmes, including psychological (e.g.
CBT), social (e.g. family involvement) and pharmacological (e.g. detox) approaches, should
be developed. To the greatest extent possible, treatment programmes should be administeredon a voluntary basis.
Finally, community organizations should be involved in offender treatment programmes
as early as possible to coordinate ongoing treatment after release. In so doing, practitioners incorrectional facilities should utilize the through-care approach, aftercare and the promotion of
offender reintegration into society through public awareness programmes. The groupconcluded by recommending that policy makers align criminal justice laws with current
public health policies, including harm-reduction strategies.

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Group 2

DIVERSION OPTIONS AND TREATMENT METHODSIN THE COMMUNITY SETTING
Rapporteur: Mr. Gun Young NA (Korea)
Co-Rapporteurs: Mr. Abdul Sattar ABDUL HAMEED (Maldives)
Ms. Joanna Marie Helisa FIGARO JOLICOEUR (Mauritius)

Chairperson
Co-Chairperson
Members

AdviserMr. Nishantha Shanthilal(Sri Lanka)
HAPUARACHCHI
Mr. Najeeb ULLAH(Pakistan)
Mr. Somlith MANICHANH(Lao PDR)
Mr. Syahrul Amri Bin ABD MUTALIB (Malaysia)
Ms. Pareena NOKCHAN(Thailand)
Mr. ANDO Yo(Japan)Mr. KABE Tsuyoshi(Japan)Ms. TANIGUCHI Maki
(Japan)Mr. TONE Kazumasa(Japan)Prof. Junichiro OTANI(UNAFEI)
Prof. Nozomu HIRANO(UNAFEI)
Prof. Mika KITAGAWA(UNAFEI)
Prof. Takuya FURUHASHI(UNAFEI)

Report Summary
Noting that evidence-based studies support the effectiveness of diversion and otheralternatives to imprisonment at helping offenders successfully reintegrate into society, Group
2 discussed ways to create and implement such measures. While the traditional approach to
drug crime involves criminalization, harsh punishment and stigmatization of the offender, thisapproach has been ineffective at deterring drug use. Furthermore, incarceration has numerous
disadvantages including a higher incarceration rate, higher costs of correctional facilities,
weakening of the economic status of the inmate’s family, decreasing the inmate’s
employability upon release, and so on. Accordingly, criminal justice systems stand to benefit
greatly from reliable diversion methods that focus on treatment and reintegration.
Effective diversion can be applied at all stages of the criminal justice process, including
the pre-trial, trial, and post-trial stages. Even incarcerated offenders may receive communitybased treatment through work release programmes or by engaging in community-based
programmes on day release, enabling offenders to continue treatment in the community upon
release. Diversion is a bridge to the community through which offenders can access
community support, such as volunteer probation officers, rehabilitation centres, self-helpgroups, hospitals, clinics, etc. Eligibility for diversion programmes—and matching ofoffenders with appropriate programmes—should be based on assessments of each offender’sunique risks and needs. In particular, judges have an important role in sentencing or diverting
offenders.
Despite general acceptance of the importance of diversion and alternatives toimprisonment by criminal justice practitioners, a number of issues and challenges prevent theimplementation of effective measures and practices, including (i) the absence of legislation on
diversion, (ii) stigmatization of offenders, (iii) lack of public awareness/information, (iv) lackof professionals in the field, (v) inadequate collaboration among criminal justice agencies, and(vi) lack of adequate funding of drug treatment programmes. To address these challenges, thegroup recommended legal reforms adopting diversionary measures, training and skills
development for officers, community outreach and public awareness programmes, countering
stigmatization, and prioritizing community-based rehabilitation for drug offenders.

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Observation Visits
Date

Agency/Institution

Main Persons Concerned

29 Aug.

Tokyo Metropolitan Tama
Comprehensive Mental Health andWelfare Center• HASHIMOTO Naoki(Deputy Director)

11 Sep.

Saitama Prefectural Psychiatric
Hospital and Saitama Probation
Office• NARUSE Nobuya(Deputy Director)

Saitama Probation Office• ARINO Yuudai(Probation Officer)

15Group Study Tours
Date

Location

Agency/Institution

Main Persons Concerned

5 Sep.

Hiroshima

Hiroshima Juvenile
Classification Home

• Mr. SHINMON Kazuto(Director)

6 Sep.

Kyoto

Kifunebara Juvenile
Training School forGirls• Ms. TOKUDA Sachiko(Superintendent)

Kyoto

Kyoto Prison• Mr. SATO Hiroki(Chief of General Affairs)

Kyoto

Halfway House“Meishin”• Mr. FUJITA Morito(Chief Officer)

7 Sep.

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Special Events
22 Aug.
27, 28, 30 Aug.

Welcome Party
Japanese Conversation Classes

The overseas participants attended three Japanese conversation classes and learned
practical Japanese expressions. The sensei (teachers) were Ms. SAYAMA Sachiyo, Ms.
OKAMURA Mari, Ms. IKEMIZU Masako and KATAYAMA Yuko from EP academy.
29 Aug.

Courtesy Call to the Minister of Justice
andReception by the Vice-Minister of Justice

At the conclusion of their courtesy visit to the Minister of Justice, Ms KAMIKAWA
Yoko, a reception was held for the participants by the Vice-Minister of Justice, Mr.
KUROKAWA Hiromu, at the Danwa-shitsu lounge on the 20th floor of the ministry building,overlooking Hibiya Park.
1, 2 Sep.

ACPF Branches Study TourThe participants were invited to visit branches of the ACPF in six locations around
Japan. The participants split into groups and visited Sapporo, Fukushima, Nagano,
Yokohama, Nagoya and Osaka. They visited local criminal justice facilities and had an
opportunity to do some sight-seeing. In addition, each branch held a reception in honour of theparticipants visiting their region.
3, 4 Sep.

Social with Volunteer Probation Officers

The participants had an opportunity to exchange views with Japanese Volunteer
Probation Officers at a social at UNAFEI.
9 Sep.

Home Visits

The Volunteer Probation Officers Association in Support of UNAFEI’s Activities
kindly organized a home visit programme. The hosts were Ms. MITSUHASHI, Ms. IIZUKA,
Ms. TSUJI, Mr. TANAKA and Ms. SHIBATA. They kindly invited the participants to theirhomes.
12 Sep.

UNAFEI International Table Tennis Tournament

The UNAFEI Table Tennis Tournament was held at the Multipurpose Hall. Mixed
teams of international participants, Japanese participants and UNAFEI faculty and staff wereformed, and competed against each other. Prof. KITAGAWA led Team D and won thechampionship.
20 Sep.

Farewell Party

A party was held to bid farewell to the participants.

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Reference Materials
UNAFEI’s 170TH INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE
LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIALS

1

Resolution 58/5 (Supporting the collaboration of public health and justiceauthorities in pursuing alternative measures to conviction or punishment for
appropriate drug-related offences of a minor nature)

2

OUTCOME DOCUMENT OF THE 2016 UNITED NATIONS GENERALASSEMBLY SPECIAL SESSION ON THE WORLD DRUG PROBLEM(UN Office on Drugs and Crime) UNGUSS 2016

3

International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders— Draft for Field Testing (UN Office on Drugs and Crime — World HealthOrganization)

4

Treatment and care for people with drug use disorders in contact with the criminal
justice system
Alternatives to Conviction or Punishment(UN Office on Drugs and Crime — World Health Organization)

18
Expert and Participant List
Visiting Experts
Ms. Anja Busse

Programming Officer
Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Section
on Drug Prevention and Health Branch
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime(UNODC)

Dr. Alexander David Wadok

Emeritus Consultant, Alcohol and Drug Service
St. Vincent’s Hospital Visiting Fellow
Australian Drug Law Reform Foundation Director
Alcohol and Drug Service/St. Vincent’s Hospital/
Australian Drug Law Reform Foundation

Dr. Sheldon Xiaodong Zhang

Professor/Chair
School of Criminology and Justice Studies
University of Massachusetts Lowell
USA

Overseas Participants
Mr. Eduardo Tomio TAKATA

Federal Penitentiary Agent, Special Class
National Penitentiary Department
Ministry of Justice
BrazilMr. Somlith MANICHANH

Deputy Head of Division
Prisoners Management Division, Prisons
and Rehabilitations Police Department
Ministry of Public Security
Laos

Mr. Suhaizak Bin AB. WAHAB

Assistant Commissioner of Prison
Prison Policy Division
Malaysian Prison Department

Mr. Syahrul Amri Bin ABD
MUTALIB

Parole Officer
Parole & Community Services Division
Malaysian Prison Department

Mr. Abdul Sattar ABDUL HAMEED

Chief Judge
Legal Division
Drug Court
Maldives

Ms. Joanna Marie Helisa FIGAROJOLICOEUR

Hospital Officer
Mauritius Prison Service

19
Mr. Deepak Roomesh GUNNOO

Senior Hospital Officer
Mauritius Prison Service

Mr. Thet Paing Soe

Staff Officer
Prisons Department
Ministry of Home Affairs
MyanmarMs. Nanja LIMBO

Senior Superintendent
Structured and Support Rehabilitative
Programmes
Namibian Correctional Service

Mr. Najeeb ULLAH

Deputy Director
Home & Tribal Affairs Department
Directorate of Reclamation and Probation
Pakistan

Mr. Eko Kubi MANGERE

Senior Inspector
Detainee Rehabilitation DivisionPapua New Guinea Correctional Service

Mr. John Junior SMITH

Principal Correction Officer
Security and Rehabilitation Operations
Division
Samoa Prisons and Corrections Services

Mr. Nishantha Shanthilal
HAPUARACHCHI

Judge
Civil Appellate High Court of Galle
Sri Lanka

Ms. Pareena NOKCHAN

Senior Probation Officer
Bangkok 12 Probation Office, Departmentof Probation
Ministry of Justice
ThailandMr. Yuen Tak LAM

Principal Officer
Rehabilitation Unit
Hong Kong Correctional Services
Department

Mr. Gun Young NA

Senior Inspector
Daegu Detention Center
Korea

20
Ms. Ma. Beverly Duque AMPO

Chief Probation and Parole Officer,
Officer-In-Charge of the Parole andProbation Administration
Department of Justice
Philippines

Mr. Santiago LINDAYAG, Jr.

Chief Probation and Parole Officer
Parole and Probation Administration
Department of Justice
Philippines

Japanese Participants
Mr. ANDO Yo

Instructor
Seto Juvenile Training School

Mr. KABE Tsuyoshi

Public Prosecutor
Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office

Ms. KOMINO Keiko

Probation Officer
Mito Probation Office

Mr. NAGAI Toru

Director
General Affairs Division
Chiba Prison

Ms. TANIGUCHI Maki

Judge
Osaka District Court

Mr. TONE Kazumasa

Probation Officer
Chugoku Regional Parole Board

Mr. YAMANE Masashi

Senior Officer for Smuggling
Countermeasures
Tokai Hokuriku Regional Bureau of Healthand Welfare

21
INFORMATION ABOUT FORTHCOMING PROGRAMMES1.

The 21st UNAFEI UNCAC Training Programme
From 8 October to 16 November 2018, UNAFEI will host the 21st UNAFEI UNCAC
Training Programme in Tokyo, Japan. The main theme of the Programme is “Combating
Corruption through Effective Criminal Justice Practices, International Cooperation andEngagement of Civil Society”. Approximately 30 overseas participants and several Japaneseparticipants will attend.
2.

The Twelfth Regional Seminar on Good Governance for Southeast Asian Countries
From 27 to 29 November 2018, UNAFEI will hold the Twelfth Regional Seminar on
Good Governance in Da Nang, Viet Nam. The main theme of the Seminar is “The Latest
Regional Trends in Corruption and Effective Countermeasures by Criminal Justice
Authorities”. Among other participants, 20 anti-corruption practitioners from the 10 ASEAN
countries are expected to attend as official delegates.
3.

The 171st International Senior Seminar
From 9 January to 7 February 2019, UNAFEI will host the 171st International Senior
Seminar in Tokyo, Japan. The main theme of the Seminar is the “Criminal Justice Response to
Crimes Motivated by Intolerance or Discrimination”. Approximately 25 government officials
from across Southeast Asia and other parts of the world, including Japan, and visiting experts
and lecturers will attend.

22
ADMINISTRATIVE NEWS
Faculty Change
Mr. SETO Takeshi, formerly the Director of the Tokushima District Public Prosecutors
Office, was appointed as the Director of UNAFEI on 25 June 2018.
Mr. SENTA Keisuke, formerly the Director of UNAFEI, was transferred to the
Takamatsu District Public Prosecutors Office.

23
FACULTY AND STAFF OF UNAFEI
Faculty:
Mr. SETO Takeshi
Ms. ISHIHARA KayoDr. YAMAMOTO Mana
Mr. OTANI Junichiro
Mr. FUTAGOISHI Ryo
Mr. YAMADA Masahiro
Mr. HIRANO Nozomu
Mr. OHINATA Hidenori
Ms. KITAGAWA Mika
Mr. WATANABE Hiroyuki
Mr. FURUHASHI Takuya
Mr. Thomas L. SCHMID
Secretariat:
Mr. FUJITA Takeshi
Mr. TOYODA Yasushi
Ms. KIKUCHI Yoshimi

Director
Deputy Director
Professor
170th Course Programming Officer
Chief of Research Division
Professor
170th Course Deputy Programming Officer
Professor
Professor
Professor
Professor
Professor
Professor
Chief of Information and Public Relations
Professor
Linguistic Adviser
Chief of Secretariat
Chief of Training and Hostel Management
Affairs Section
Chief of General and Financial Affairs
SectionGeneral and Financial Affairs Section:
Mr. KIGUCHI Ryo
Senior Officer
Mr. OHTA Masaru
Officer
Ms. TSUJII Yayoi
Officer24
Training and Hostel Management Affairs Section:
Mr. HIROSE Kentaro
Senior Officer
170th Course Assistant Programming Officer
Ms. IINUMA Hazuki
Officer
170th Course Assistant Programming Officer
Ms. NAGAHAMA Arisa
Senior Officer
Ms. ODA Michie
Officer
Ms. KAMADA Mariko
OfficerInternational Research Affairs Section:
Mr. SAITO Masato
Senior Officer
Ms. IWAKATA Naoko
Librarian
Secretarial Staff:
Ms. YAMADA Hisayo

Officer

Kitchen:Ms. ODAGIRI Maki

Chef

JICA Coordinators for the 170th International Training Course:
Ms. HISA Keiko
JICA
Ms. MINASE Kaoru
JICA

UNAFEI Home Page: https://www.unafei.or.jp/english/
UNAFEI E-mail: unafei@i.moj.go.jp