ISSN 1346-2040

B ulletin of the Tohoku University Museum

Bulletin of the Tohoku University Museum
No.15 2016

No.1 52016

Bullitin of the Tohoku University Museum
Editors
Ryusaku NAGAOKA

Professor of Art History
Department of Historical Science, Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University

Kaoru AKOSHIMA

Professor of Archeology
Department of Historical Science, Graduate School of Arts and Letters,Tohoku University

Hiroshi NISHI

Professor of Geology and Paleontology
The Tohoku University Museum, Tohoku University

Atsushi FUJISAWA

Professor of Archeology
The Tohoku University Museum, Tohoku University

March, 2016ⓒ The Tohoku University Museum, Tohoku University
6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

Printed by
Sendaikyodo Printing Co., Ltd
2-4-2, Hinodemachi, Miyaginoku,
Sendai 983-0035, Japan
Telephone : 022-236-7161

Cover image: Body design of Final Jomon Pottery drawn by the technigue of “erased-overcord impressions” . Original photograph by Miki Kikuchi.

Contents
Shuji Niko, Masayuki Ehiro and Yukihiro Takaizumi : Trematoceras hikichii sp. nov.,
an Early Triassic orthocerid cephalopod from the Osawa Formation, Miyagi Prefecture,
Northeast Japan



   1



   5



   9



107

and Yezo Group in the Ashibetsu area, central Hokkaido, Japan.



109

Kaoru Akoshima, Hyewon Hong : Standard use-wear chart of TUMRT(2):Microflaking (2)127Shuji Niko : Bandoceras, a new Late Silurian genus of orthocerid cephalopod from the
Hitoegane Formation, Gifu Prefecture, Central Japan
Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takai Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto
and Takashi Matsubara : A catalogue of name-bearing type specimens of fossil Bivalvia(Mollusca) registered in the Tohoku University Museum
Takashi Matsubara : Nicaniella (Trautscholdia) nagaoi, a new replacement namefor Astarte minor Nagao, 1934, non Astarte sulcata var. minor Jeffreys, 1864 [“1863”](Mollusca: Bivalvia: Astartidae)
Yuki Kitagawa, Reishi Takashima and Yasuto Itoh : Paleomagnetism of the Sorachi

Bull. Tohoku Univ. Museum, No. 15, pp. 1–4, 2016
© by The Tohoku University Museum

Trematoceras hikichii sp. nov., an Early Triassic
orthocerid cephalopod from the Osawa Formation, Miyagi
Prefecture, Northeast Japan
Shuji Niko*, Masayuki Ehiro** and Yukihiro Takaizumi****Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 7398521, Japan, **The Tohoku University Museum, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, ***1-9-1 Shoryo, Izumi-ku, Sendai 981-3108, Japan
Abstract: A new Olenekian (late Early Triassic) species of orthocerid cephalopod, Trematoceras
hikichii, is described from the Osawa Formation in the Utatsu area, Miyagi Prefecture, Northeast
Japan. The new species more or less resembles T. mangishlakense Schastlivtceva, 1981, from
Kazakhstan and T. insperatum Schastlivtceva, 1988, from Caucasus. Diagnostic characters of
the species from these similar species are following; 4° in angle of conch expansion and veryfine transverse lirae on the shell surface. This discovery represents the first record of the genus
Trematoceras in Japan.

Introduction
So far only limited orthocerid cephalopods from the Mesozoic
have been reported, namely Triassic Paratrematoceras
Schastlivtceva, 1981, Pseudotemperoceras Schastlivtceva,
1986 and Trematoceras Eichwald, 1851, and Cretaceous
Zhuravlevia Doguzhaeva, 1994. Among them Trematocerasis the most common and best-known genus whose records
are recognized in the Olenekian (late Early Triassic) to
Rhaetian (late Late Triassic) marine faunas of the Tethys,
Boreal and Panthalassa regions. The present paper
describes a new Olenekian species of Trematoceras fromthe Osawa Formation in Northeast Japan.
Abbreviations used for repositories are IGPS (Instituteof Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku
University, Sendai; kept in the Tohoku University Museum)and UIM (Utatsu Ichthyosaur Museum, Minamisanriku Town).

Systematic Paleontology
Order Orthocerida Kuhn, 1940
Superfamily Orthoceratoidea M’Coy, 1844
Family Orthoceratidae M’Coy, 1844
Subfamily Michelinoceratinae Flower, 1945
Genus Trematoceras Eichwald, 1851
Type species.—Orthocera [sic] elegans Münster, 1841;
Carnian (lower Upper Triassic) in Carnic Alps.
Trematoceras hikichii sp. nov.
Figure 1

Diagnosis.—Species of Trematoceras with approximately
4° in angle of conch expansion and relatively short camerae
with 1.6‒2.3 in from ratios (maximum width per length);transverse lirae on shell surface are very fine.
Description.—Longiconic orthocones with circular crosssections; conch expansion is gradual for the family andmoderate for the genus, indicating approximately 4° inangle; holotype is incomplete phragmocone with 68 mm inlength; the largest specimen (paratype, IGPS coll. cat. no.
111571) attains 99 mm in length and 7 mm in approximate
diameter (reconstructed), adoral 51 mm of which specimen
represents body chamber; no apical part of conch andperistome preserved; shell surface ornamented by very finetransverse lirae; there are 12‒16 ridges in 1 mm of conch
length. Sutures are essentially straight and transverse;
septa indicate moderate curvature; camerae are relatively
short for the genus indicating from ratios (maximum width
per length) of 1.6‒2.3; siphuncle is nearly central (faintly
ventral from center); position ratios of siphuncle (distance ofcentral axis of septal foremen from ventral shell surface percorresponding conch diameter) are 0.45‒0.47; siphuncularwall consists of orthochoanitic (to suborthochoanitic)
septal necks and cylindrical connecting rings; length ofnecks is short, 0.19‒0.23 mm. Endosiphuncular deposits
absent; cameral deposits are well-developed, episeptalmural, and thicker in venter than dorsum; in later stages,
cameral deposits exhibit mammillary growth and extend tohyposeptal area.
Material examined.—Holotype, IGPS coll. cat. no. 111572.
Paratypes, IGPS coll. cat. nos. 111569‒111571 and UIM

2Shuji Niko, Masayuki Ehiro and Yukihiro Takaizumi

Figure 1. Trematoceras hikichii sp. nov. from the Early Triassic Osawa Formation in the Utatsu area, Minamisanriku
Town, Miyagi Prefecture. 1, 2. Paratype, IGPS coll. cat. no. 111569: 1, side view of mold; 2, partial enlargement of Figure 1.1
to show details of surface ornamentation, external mold. 3. Paratype, IGPS coll. cat. no. 111571, side view of mold, arrow
indicates the last septum. 4‒7. Holotype, IGPS coll. cat. no. 111572: 4, partial enlargement of Figure 1.5, to show details ofcameral deposits; 5, dorsoventral thin section, venter on left; 6, 7, partial enlargements of Figure 1.5 to show details of septal
necks. Scale bar is 10 mm in Figure 1.1; 2 mm in Figure 1.2; 20 mm in Figure 1.3; 1.4 mm in Figure 1.4; 4 mm in Figure 1.5; 0.4
mm in Figures 1.6, 1.7.
30622. In addition, two poorly preserved specimens, IGPS
coll. cat. no. 111573 and UIM 30623, were also examined.
Etymology.—The specific name honors Mr. Yasuhiro
Hikichi, who discovered the holotype of the new species.

Occurrence.—All specimens of Trematoceras hikichii sp.
nov. were collected from laminated mudstones of the Osawa
Formation at the Tatezaki locality (38°42’50’’N, 141°32’07”E)in the Utatsu area, Minamisanriku Town, Miyagi Prefecture,Triassic cephalopod from Miyagi
Northeast Japan (see figures 1, 2 in Ehiro et al., 2015 for its
geographic point). The specific components of the Osawa
ammonoid fauna were revealed by Bando and Shimoyama(1974), Bando and Ehiro (1982), Ehiro (1993), Ehiro (2016),
and Ehiro et al. (2016 in press). These results suggestthat the formation is correlative with the upper Olenekian(= Spathian; upper Lower Triassic).
Discussion.—In examined specimens, only the apicalshell of the holotype is undistorted. Thus, some importantcharacters, such as profile of the conch, siphuncular
structure and biotic deposits, in the above description are
based on this specimen.
In its ratios of the cameral form and siphuncular position,
Trematoceras hikichii sp. nov. resembles T. mangishlakense
Schastlivtceva (1981, p. 79, 80, pl. 1, figs. 3a, b, 4a, b) fromthe Olenekian of Kazakhstan. The most important features
to separate these two species are external morphologies.
Trematoceras mangishlakense possesses slightly larger
angle of conch expansion (6°‒7°) and lacks evident surface
ornamentation. Transverse surface lirae are developed
also in T. insperatum Schastlivtceva (1988, p. 67, 68, pl. 2,
figs. 12a, b, v) from the Anisian (lower Middle Triassic) of
Caucasus, but its interspaces of the liare are much wider,2‒3 ridges in 1 mm, than those of the new species. The typespecies of the genus, T. elegans (Münster, 1841, p. 125, pl.
14, figs 2a‒c; Bizzarini and Gnoli, 1991, p. 112, pl. 1, figs.
1‒4, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2) clearly differs from the new species inhaving strongly oblique surface liare and longer camerae.
This discovery from the upper Olenekian Osawa
Formation is noteworthy because it represents the firstrecord of Trematoceras in Japan. In addition, previous Early
Triassic occurrences of the genus were restricted in Albania,
Kazakhstan, northeastern Siberia, Primorye, and Vietnam(Kiparisova, 1961; Schastlivtceva, 1988; Shigeta andNguyen, 2014).

Acknowledgements
We are greatly indebted to Mr. Yasuhiro Hikichi. The
present research is not possible without his discovery anddonation of an exceptionally well-preserved specimen(holotype). We also thank Dr. Harumasa Kano for collectingsome specimens. Thanks extend to the Educational
Committee of Minamisanriku Town and Abei-Gumi Co. Ltd.
for permissions to excavate fossiliferous beds at the Tatezaki
locality. Reviewer Dr. Yasufumi Iryu kindly provided helpfulcomments on a previous version of this paper.

References
Bando, Y., and Ehiro, M., 1982, On some Lower Triassic ammonites
from the Osawa Formation at Asadanuki, Towa-cho, Tome-3

gun, Miyagi Prefecture, Northeast Japan. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 127, p. 375‒385, pl. 60.
Bando Y., and Shimoyama, S., 1974, Late Scythian ammonoids
from the Kitakami Massif. Transactions and Proceedings of the
Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, no. 94, p. 293312, pls. 40‒42.
Bizzarini, F., and Gnoli, M., 1991, Trematoceras elegans (Münster)and other Late Triassic cephalopods from the San Cassino
Formation, Eastern Dolomites (Italy). Bollettino della Societá
Paleontologica Italiana, vol. 30, p. 109‒116.
Doguzhaeva, L. A., 1994, An Early Cretaceous orthocerid
cephalopod from north-western Caucasus. Paleontology, vol.
37, p. 889‒899.
Ehiro, M., 1993, Spathian ammonoids Metadagnoceras andKeyserlingites from the Osawa Formation in the Southern
Kitakami Massif, Northeast Japan. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 171, p. 229‒236.
Ehiro, M., 2016, Additional Early Triassic (late Olenekian)ammonoids from the Osawa Formation at Yamaya, Motoyoshi
area, South Kitakami Belt, Northeast Japan. PaleontologicalResearch, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 1‒6.
Ehiro, M., Sasaki, O., and Kano, H., 2016 in press, Ammonoid
fauna of the late Olenekian Osawa Formation in the Utatsu
area, South Kitakami Belt, Northeast Japan. PaleontologicalResearch, vol. 20.
Ehiro, M., Sasaki, O., Kano, H., Nemoto, J., and Kato, H., 2015,
Thylacocephala (Arthropoda) from Lower Triassic of the South
Kitakami Belt, Northeast Japan. Paleontological Research, vol.
19, p. 269‒282.
Eichwald, E. von, 1851, Naturhistorische Bemerkungen, als Beitragzur vergleichenden Geognosie, auf einer Reise durch die
Eifel, Tyrol, Italien, Sizilien und Algier. Nouveauk Mémirs de laSociété Imperiale de Naturalistes d’Histoire de Moscou, vol. 9,
p. 1‒464.
Flower, R. H., 1945, Classification of Devonian nautiloids. The
American Midland Naturalist, vol. 33, p. 675‒724, pls. 1‒5.
Kiparisova, L. D., 1961, Paleontologicheskoe obosnovanie
stratigrafii triasovykh otlozhyenii primorskogo kraya. Chast
1. Golovonogie mollyuski [Paleontological fundamentals forthe stratigraphy of Triassic deposits of Primorye region. Part
1. Cephalopod Mollusca]. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo NauchnoIssledovatelskogo Geologichskogo Instituta (BSEGEI), vol. 48,
p. 1‒278. (in Russian)Kuhn, O., 1940, Paläozoologie in Tabellen, 50 p. Fischer, Jena.
M'Coy, F., 1844, A Synopsis of the Characters of the Carboniferous
Limestone Fossils of Ireland, 274 p. Privately published.
(reissued by Williams and Norgate, London, 1862)
Münster, G. zu, 1841, II. Beschreibung und Abbildung der
in den Kalkmergelschichten von St. Cassian gefunden
Versteinerungen. In, Wissmann, H. L., and Münster, G.
zu, Beiträge zur Geognosie und Petrefacten-Kunde desSüdöstlichen Tirol’s Vorzuglich der Schichten von St. Cassian,p. 25‒152, pls. 1‒16, Bayreuth.
Schastlivtceva, N. P., 1981, O sistemticheskom polozhenii triasovykh
ortotseratoidei yuga SSSR [On systematic position of Triassic
orthoceratids of the southern USSR]. Byulleten Moskovskogo
Obschestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Geologicheskii, vol. 56, p.
76‒82. (in Russian)Schastlivtceva, N. P., 1986, Nekotorye triasovye ortotseratidy inautilidy Severo-Vostoka SSSR [Some Triassic orthoceratids

4

Shuji Niko, Masayuki Ehiro and Yukihiro Takaizumi

and nautilids from North-East USSR]. Byulleten Moskovskogo
Obschestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Geologicheskii, vol. 61, p.
122‒129. (in Russian)Schastlivtceva, N. P., 1988, Triasovye ortotseratidy i nautilidy SSSR
[Triassic orthoceratids and nautilids of the USSR]. Akademii
Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, vol. 229, p.
1‒104, pls. 1‒8. (in Russian)

Shigeta, Y., and Nguyen, H. D., 2014, Cephalopods. In, Shigeta, Y.,
Komatsu, T., Maekawa, T., and Dang, H. T., eds., Olenekian(Early Triassic) Stratigraphy and Fossil Assemblages inNortheastern Vietnam. National Museum of Nature andScience Monographs, no. 45, p. 65‒167, Kokusai Bunkensha
Co. Ltd., Tokyo.

Bull. Tohoku Univ. Museum, No. 15, pp. 5–8, 2016
© by The Tohoku University Museum

Bandoceras, a new Late Silurian genus of orthocerid
cephalopod from the Hitoegane Formation, Gifu
Prefecture, Central Japan
Shuji Niko
Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 7398521, Japan
Abstract: A new genus of orthocerid cephalopod, Bandoceras, is proposed on the basis of B.
gifuense sp. nov. from the Ludlow (early Late Silurian) calcareous shale of the upper Hitoegane
Formation in the Shinhirayuonsen area, Takayama City, Gifu Prefecture, Central Japan. Its
morphologies of septal necks, connecting rings, endosiphuncular deposits suggest the new
genus and species belong to the subfamily Spyroceratinae. Bandoceras gifuense differs from thepossible ancestor, Gordonoceras Teichert and Glenister, 1953, from the Lower (or Middle) Silurian
of Tasmania, in having transverse surface lirae.

Introduction
The Hitoegane Formation, named by Nakai (1984), crops
out in the Hitoegane and Shinhirayuonsen area, Takayama
City, Gifu Prefecture, Central Japan. A diverse fauna of
middle to late Ludlow (or Pridoli; Late Silurian) age, including
tabulate corals (Niko, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2008), trilobites(Kobayashi and Hamada, 1974, 1987) and machaerid(Kobayashi and Hamada, 1976), have been described from
calcareous beds (= the Hitoegane Limestone Member in Igo,
1990) of the upper part of the formation. Recently, a single
orthocerid specimen was collected from this fossiliferous
member as the first occurrence of cephalopod from theformation. The intent of this paper is to propose a new genus
and species, Bandoceras gifuense, on the basis of the newmaterial.

Systematic Paleontology
Order Orthocerida Kuhn, 1940
Superfamily Pseudorthoceratoidea Flower and Caster, 1935
Family Pseudorthoceratidae Flower and Caster, 1935
Subfamily Spyroceratinae Shimizu and Obata, 1935
Genus Bandoceras gen. nov.
Type species.—Bandoceras gifuense sp. nov. by
monotypy.
Diagnosis.—Exogastric cyrtocone with gradual conch
expansion and subcircular cross section; shell surface
ornamented by transverse lirae; sutures straight andtransverse; camerae short; siphuncle relatively narrow,subcentral with suborthochoanitic to cyrtochoanitic septal
necks and subcylindrical connecting rings; endosiphunculardeposits form continuous lining; cameral deposits mostly
episeptal-mural.
Etymology.—The generic name honors the late Dr. Yuji
Bando, in recognition of his contributions to the taxonomic
and biostratigraphic studies on fossil cephalopods.
Discussion.—The siphuncular morphologies of thiscephalopod, such as the suborthochoanitic to cyrtochoanitic
septal necks, subcylindrical connecting rings and continuous
lining of the endosiphuncular deposits, suggest that the
new genus belongs to the Spyroceratinae of the family
Pseudorthoceratidae. In the subfamily, Gordonoceras
Teichert and Glenister (1953; type species, G. bondi Teichert
and Glenister, 1953, p. 39, 40, pl. 4, figs. 1‒3, text-fig. 2C)from the Lower (or Middle) Silurian of Tasmania, shows
close similarity with Bandoceras gen. nov. in its exogastricconch with gradual expansion, subcentral siphuncle andshort camerae, but is differentiated by the latter in lacking
distinct surface ornamentation. The author believes that
Gordonoceras is the ancestor of Bandoceras.
The Early Carboniferous genus Pseudocyrtoceras
Schindewolf (1943; type species, Cyrtoceras acus
Koninck, 1880, p. 28, 29, pl. 35, figs. 6, 6a, 7, pl. 36,
fig. 3; Schindewolf, 1943, fig. 15) differs from the new
genus in having more rapid expansion of the conchwith dorsoventrally depressed profiles and the wellinflated subglobular connecting rings. Among them, the6Shuji Niko

Figure 1. Bandoceras gifuense gen. et sp. nov., holotype, IGPS coll. cat. no. 111568, from the Upper Silurian Hitoegane
Formation in Takayama City, Gifu Prefecture. 1. Lateral view, venter on left. 2. Transverse polished section, venter down. 3.
Partial enlargement of Figure 1.1 to show details of surface ornamentation. 4. Longitudinal thin section, showing details of
septal neck. 5. Dorsoventral polished section of apical shell, venter on left. 6, 7. Longitudinal thin sections of adoral shell,
venter on left (but oblique to dorsoventral plane), showing details of siphuncle, endosiphuncular deposits (in Figure 1.6), andcameral deposits. Scale bar is 5 mm in Figure 1.1; 4 mm in Figure 1.2; 2 mm in Figures 1.3, 1.6, 1.7; 0.2 mm in Figure 1.4; 2.5mm in Figure 1.5.
latter is one of the important characters of the subfamily
Pseudorthoceratinae Flower and Caster, 1935.
Similar surface ornamentation with Bandoceras is foundin a Middle Silurian species Orthoceras wauwatosense

Whitfield (1882, p. 297, pl. 19, fig. 2; Foerste, 1928, p. 250‒
252, pl. 53, figs. 2A‒D, 3(?), pl. 56, fig. 9(?) as Geisonoceras
wauwatosense) that is the type species of Geisonocerina
Foerste, 1935. Internal features of the species are7

Silurian cephalopod from Gifu
incompletely known but reportedly it has an orthoconic
conch with circular cross section and very deeply concaved
septa. Familial placement of Geisonocerina is still uncertain.
The Middle Ordovician genus Centroonoceras Kobayashi(1934; emended by Niko, 2005; type species, Ooceras?
tokunagai Kobayashi, 1927, p. 202, 203, pl. 18, figs. 10a,b; Niko, 2005, p. 1028‒1030, figs. 1.1‒1.8) also resembles
Bandoceras. However, the relatively wide siphuncle ofCentroonoceras suggests that it belongs to the familyProteoceratidae Flower, 1962. Similarities between the twogenera are probably superficial.
Bandoceras gifuense sp. nov.
Figure 1
Diagnosis.—Same as for the genus.
Description.—A single longiconic phragmocone, 53
mm in approximate length and 3.5 mm in diameter at
apical end, is available for study. It is faintly exogastriccyrtocone with gradual conch expansion, whose angle isapproximately 6°; apical shell and body chamber are notpreserved; cross sections of conch are subcircular indicating
weak lateral compression; ratios of lateral conch diameterper dorsoventral one are approximately 0.88; surface
ornamentation consists of transverse lirae that are slightly
oblique and incline toward dorsum; there are approximately
8 ridges in 1 mm of conch length. Sutures are essentiallystraight and transverse; septal curvature is shallow andclosely spaced to form short camerae; form ratios ofcamerae (maximum width per length in dorsoventral plane)
range from 2.5 to 5.6; siphuncle is subcentral (ventral from
center) in position and relatively narrow; ratios of siphuncular
position (distance of central axis of septal foramen fromventral shell surface per corresponding conch diameter in
dorsoventral plane) are 0.39‒0.41; siphuncular wall consistsof suborthochoanitic to cyrtochoanitic septal necks and thinconnecting rings; septal neck length is short, 0.19‒0.27 mm;
connecting rings weakly expanded in camerae and indicate
subcylindrical shape. Endosiphuncular deposits partly
preserved in adoral shell, and form continuous lining on
ventral siphuncular wall; cameral deposits well-developed,
episeptal-mural (or mural in rare cases).
Material examined.—Holotype, IGPS coll. cat. no. 111568.
The specimen is kept in the Tohoku University Museum,Sendai.
Etymology.—The specific mane is derived from Gifu
Prefecture.
Occurrence.—The new species described herein is fromthe middle to late Ludlow (early Late Silurian) calcareous
shale at west bank of the Takahara-gawa River in the
Shinhirayuonsen area. The site is at 36°14’10”N latitude and137°31’28”E longitude, whose position on geographic map

was given in figure 1 in Niko (2008).

Acknowledgements
The holotype of Bandoceras gifuense gen. et sp. nov.
was found and generously donated to the Tohoku University
Museum by Mr. Yukio Miyake. Mr. Yoshihito Senzai provided
field assistance. Reviewer Dr. Masayuki Ehiro madevaluable suggestions that improved an earlier draft of thispaper. I would like to thank for these collaborators.

References
Flower, R. H., 1962, Part II. Notes on the Michelinoceratida. New
Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Memoir 10, p.
19‒42, pls. 4‒6.
Flower, R. H., and Caster, K. E., 1935, The stratigraphy andpaleontology of northwestern Pennsylvania. Part II:
Paleontology. Section A: The cephalopod fauna of theConewango Series of the Upper Devonian in New York andPennsylvania. Bulletins of American Paleontology, vol. 22, p.
199‒271.
Foerste, A. F., 1928, A restudy of American orthoconic Silurian
cephalopods. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the
Scientific Laboratories, vol. 23, p. 236−320, pls. 48−75.
Foerste, A. F., 1935, Gig Horn and related cephalopods. Denison
University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, vol.
30, p. 1−96, pls. 1−22.
Igo, H., 1990, Paleozoic strata in the Hida "Gaien" Belt. In Ichikawa,
K. et al., eds., Pre-Cretaceous Terranes of Japan, p. 41−48,
Publication of IGCP Project No. 224: Pre-Jurassic Evolution ofEastern Asia, Osaka.
Koninck, L. G. de, 1880, Faune du calcaire Carbonifère de laBelgique. Deuxième partie. Genres: Gyroceras, Cyrtoceras,
Gomphoceras, Orthoceras, Subclymenia et Goniatites.
Annales du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique,
Série Paléontologique, vol. 5, p. 1‒133, pls. 32‒50.
Kuhn, O., 1940, Paläozoologie in Tabellen, 50 p. Fischer, Jena.
Kobayashi, T., 1927, Ordovician fossils from Corea and South
Manchuria. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, vol.
5, p. 173‒212, pls. 18‒22.
Kobayashi, T., 1934, The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunasof South Chosen. Palaeontology. Part I. Middle Ordovician
faunas. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University ofTokyo, Section 2, vol. 3, p. 329‒519, pls. 1‒44.
Kobayashi, T., and Hamada, T., 1974, Silurian trilobites ofJapan in comparison with Asian, Pacific and other faunas.
Palaeontological Society of Japan, Special Paper, no. 18, p.
1‒155, pls. 1‒12.
Kobayashi, T., and Hamada, T., 1976, Occurrences of Machaeridia
in Japan and Malaysia. Proceedings of the Japan Academy,
vol. 52, p. 371‒374.
Kobayashi T., and Hamada, T., 1987, On the Silurian trilobite
faunule of Hitoegane near Fukuji in the Hida Plateau, Japan.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no. 147, p. 131‒145.
Nakai, H., 1984, On the Silurian of Hitoegane, Gifu Prefecture.
Abstracts of the 1984 Annual Meeting of the Geological Societyof Japan, p. 223. (in Japanese)

8

Shuji Niko

Niko, S., 2001, Late Silurian auloporids (Coelenterata: Tabulata)
from the Hitoegane Formation, Gifu Prefecture. Bulletin of the
National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series C, vol. 27, p. 63‒71.
Niko, S., 2004, Late Silurian Favositida (Coelenterata: Tabulata)
from the Hitoegane Formation, Gifu Prefecture. Bulletin of the
National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series C, vol. 30, 21−46.
Niko, S., 2005, Redescription of the Ordovician cephalopod genus
Centroonoceras Kobayashi, 1934. Journal of Paleontology, vol.
79, p. 1028‒1030.
Niko, S., 2007, Syringopora fujimotoi, a new species of Late Silurian
tabulate coral from the Hitoegane Formation, Gifu Prefecture.
Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series C, vol.
33, p. 53−56.
Niko, S., 2008, Stratigraphy of the Upper Silurian Hitoegane
Formation and auloporid tabulate corals from a new outcropof the formation in the Shinhirayuonsen area, Gifu Prefecture.
Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, SeriesC, vol. 34, p. 43‒50.
Shimizu, S., and Obata, T., 1935, New genera of Gotlandian andOrdovician nautiloids. The Journal of the Shanghai Science
Institute. Section 2, vol. 2, p. 1‒10.
Schindewolf, O. H., 1943, Über das Apikalende der Actinoceren(Cephal., Nautil.). Jahrbuch des Reichsamt für Bodenforschungfür das Jahr 1941, vol. 62, p. 207‒247, pls. 8‒11.
Teichert, C., and Glenister, B. F., 1953, Ordovician and Silurian
cephalopods from Tasmania, Australia. Bulletins of American
Paleontology, vol. 34, p. 1‒66, pls. 1‒6.
Whitfield, R. B., 1882, Part III. Palaeontology. In, Geology of
Wisconsin. Survey of 1873-1879, Volume 4, p. 161‒363, pls.
1‒27.

Bull. Tohoku Univ. Museum, No. 15, pp. 9–106, 2016
© by The Tohoku University Museum

A catalogue of name-bearing type specimens of fossil
Bivalvia (Mollusca) registered in the Tohoku University
MuseumShin’ichi Sato1)*, Tomoki Chiba2), Takaki Yamanaka2), Jun Nemoto2), Masanori Shimamoto3) and
Takashi Matsubara4)
1)

The Tohoku University Museum, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan      *Present address: Institute of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, Oya 836, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan <sato.shinichi.c@shizuoka.ac.jp>
2)
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba 6–3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai
980-8578, Japan
3)
Techno Hase Co., Ltd., Hasekura 2-10, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0824, Japan4)
Laboratory of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University of Education at Kushiro, Shiroyama 1-15-55, Kushiro
085-8580, Japan
Abstract: Since 1911, more than 110,000 fossil specimens have been studied and registered in theInstitute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University, Sendai (IGPS). This catalogue includes
452 name-bearing type specimens (i.e. holotype, lectotype, syntype and neotype) of fossil Bivalvia,
registered in the Tohoku University Museum. Each taxon data includes the following items: 1)
species name with its author name(s) and date of publication, 2) bibliographic data of the originaldescription, 3) kind of type specimen(s) and present condition of specimen(s), 4) type locality, 5)
stratigraphic unit, 6) geologic age. This database and color pictures of the existing type specimens
are searchable on the website of the Tohoku University Museum (http://webdb2.museum.tohoku.
ac.jp/t_bivalve/). The lectotype of Thyasira tokunagai Kuroda and Habe, 1951 is designated herein.
Key words: database, fossil bivalves, name-bearing type specimens, the Tohoku University Museum

Introduction
Tohoku University was established in 1907 as the third
Imperial University of Japan, and the Institute of Geology
and Paleontology (abbreviated as IGPS) was founded
in 1911 with Hisakatsu Yabe as the first professor. Since
then, the institute has produced a number of distinguishedmolluscan paleontologists, such as Ichiro Hayasaka,
Takumi Nagao, Sitihei (or Shichihei) Nomura, Saburo
Shimizu, Kotora Hatai, Tamio Kotaka, Yasuhiko Kamada,Kôichirô Masuda, Masafumi Murata, Hiroshi Noda, Kenshiro
Ogasawara, and Yutaka Honda, and until today, a lot of newmolluscan taxa have been described by the professors andstudents of the institute.
The type and referred molluscan fossil specimens had
been deposited in the institute with the IGPS registration
numbers. In 1998, more than 110,000 paleontological
specimens deposited in the institute were moved to the
Tohoku University Museum, which was newly established inthis year. The details of each IGPS molluscan type specimen

can be seen in the past checklists and monographs such as
Hatai and Nisiyama (1952), Oyama et al. (1960), Masuda
and Noda (1976) and Ogasawara (2001, 2002) for Cenozoic;
Hayami (1975), Tanaka and Toshimitsu (2003), Toshimitsu
and Tanaka (2003) for Mesozoic; and Nakazawa andNewell (1968), Hayami and Kase (1977) and Kase (2004)
for Paleozoic; in addition to Hanzawa et al. (eds., 1961).
However, no institutional or museum catalogue of the IGPS
molluscan collection has been published, and the present
condition of the specimens has not been clear. Moreover,
we can not find the precise morphological characters of thetype specimens from some original descriptions, because of
the indistinct pictures. Therefore, the thoroughly curatorial
survey of the IGPS paleontological collection is needed.
As a first step of the making the complete catalogue ofthe IGPS paleontological collection, we herein present
a catalogue of fossil Bivalvia, which occupies the large
amount of the collection. The present catalogue includes all
information about the name-bearing type specimens of fossil
Bivalvia in the IGPS collection with photographs.

10

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Methods
On the basis of Ogasawara (2001, 2002), Matsuoka andUgai (2001), Toshimitsu and Tanaka (2003), Tanaka andToshimitsu (2003) and Kase (2004), we compiled a basic
checklist of name-bearing type specimens of fossil Bivalviapreserved in the Tohoku University Museum. Several
species-group names missing in these previous catalogues
were added with their name-bearing type specimen data.
All data were rechecked by the bibliographic survey ofthe original descriptions. To confirm the present condition(existing or missing) of the name-bearing type specimens,
we compared the candidate type specimens and theirregistration numbers with figures and registration numbers
shown in the original description. We also checked forconsistency of taxon name, locality, lithostratigraphic unit
(or formation name), geologic age between label attachedto the specimens and original description. Recent Bivalvia
was excluded from the present catalogue. The photographsof all existing name-bearing type specimens were taken to
make database, and they were illustrated in the plates of thepresent catalogue.

Format
The name-bearing type specimens were arrangedalphabetically in the genus- and species-group names
to make easy for reference. Each taxonomic entry in thepresent catalogue is composed of the following data as given
in descending order: 1) original spelling of the taxon name,together with author name(s) and publication date, 2) plate
number and figure number(s) in the plates of the present
catalogue, 3) bibliographic data of the original description,
including abbreviation of the publication, volume, page,
plate number(s) and figure number(s), 4) category of thename-bearing type specimen (holotype, lectotype, syntype
or neotype), together with IGPS (Institute of Geology
and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University,
Sendai) registration number and present condition (existingor missing), 5) type locality given as names of prefecture,city, town, village and more details both in the way they
appeared in the original description and currently known,
6) stratigraphic unit (formation name) from which the typespecimen was obtained, 7) geologic age, 8) taxonomic
remarks including synonymous status of a given taxon andcorrection for original spelling and registration number.
The name-bearing type specimen shifted from DGS(abbreviation of the Department of Geology, Faculty of
Education, Tohoku University, Sendai; abolished in 1994) to
IGPS, the previous DGS registration number was indicatedin round brackets behind the IGPS registration number. The
literature in which the lectotype or neotype was designated
was also added in round brackets. We indicated current

names of city, town and village in square brackets, as wellas correction of them from the original description. The
updated information on stratigraphic unit and geologic age
were also added in square brackets.
The photographs of existing name-bearing typespecimens were illustrated in the plates at the end of thepresent catalogue.
The database and color pictures of the existing typespecimens are also searchable on the website of the Tohoku
University Museum (http://webdb2.museum.tohoku.ac.jp/t_bivalve/).

Abbreviation of publications
Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan: Bulletin of the BiogeographicalSociety of Japan.
Bull. Tohoku Univ. Mus.: Bulletin of the Tohoku University
Museum.
Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia: Geology and Palaeontologyof Southeast Asia.
Illust. Cat. Jpn. Shells: Illustrated Catalogue of Japanese
Shells.
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr.: Japanese Journal of Geology
and Geography.
Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4: Journal of theFaculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University. Series
4, Geology and Mineralogy.
Jour. Fac. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Sec. 2: Journal of theFaculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section
2, Geology, Mineralogy, Geography, Seismology.
Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan: Journal of the Geological Society ofJapan.
Jour. Paleont.: Journal of Paleontology.
Jub. Publ. Commem. Prof. H. Yabe 60th Birthday: Jubilee
Publication in the Commemoration of Professor H.
Yabe, M.I.A. Sixtieth Birthday.
Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B: Memoirs of the Collegeof Science, Kyoto University, Series B.
Miner. Geol.: Kôbutu-to-Tisitu (Mineral and Geology).
Paleontol. Res.: Paleontological Research.
Palaeont. Soc. Japan, Spec. Pap.: Palaeontological Societyof Japan, Special Papers.
Proc. Imp. Acad.: Proceedings of the Imperial Academy.
Prof. S. Kanno Mem. Vol.: Professor Saburo Kanno
Memorial Volume.
Rep., Geol. Surv. Japan: Report, Geological Survey ofJapan.
Res. Rep. Kochi Univ., Nat. Sci.: Research Reports of the
Kochi University, Natural Science.
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Nat. Hist. Res. Bull.: Saito Ho-on Kai
Museum of Natural History Research Bulletin.
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull.: Saito Ho-on Kai Museum
Research Bulletin.

11

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

400

Missing
Existing

350
300
250
200
150
100

NeotypeSyntype0

Lectotype50
Holotype

1XPEHURIVSHFLHVíJURXSQDPHV

As a result of the present survey, it became obvious that452 name-bearing type specimens of fossil Bivalvia are

Fig. 1. Total number of species-group names in eachcategory of the name-bearing type specimens of fossil
Bivalvia deposited in the Tohoku University Museum andtheir present conditions.

Details on geologic ages are as follows (Fig. 2):
Cenozoic:366
Quaternary:
71
Holocene:
3
Pleistocene:
68
Neogene:
191
Pliocene:
35
Miocene:
156
Paleogene:
104
Oligocene:
58
Eocene:46
Mesozoic:
60
Cretaceous:
52
Jurassic:
1
Triassic:
7
Paleozoic:
23
Permian:
20
Carboniferous:
1
Devonian:
0
Silurian:
0Ordovician:	
2
Unknown:
3.

160
140

Missing
Existing

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

Holocene
Pleistocene
Pliocene
MioceneOligocene
EoceneCretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Permian
Carboniferous
Devonian
SilurianOrdovician
Unknown

Summary

registered in the Tohoku University Museum. Among them,
412 specimens are still existing.
Details of the type of the name-bearing types are as
follows (Fig. 1):
Holotypes:
381 specimens
Lectotypes:	   36 specimens
Syntypes:
34 specimens
Neotype:1 specimen.

1umberofsSeciesígrouSnames

Saito Ho-on Kai Spec. Pub., no. 2 (Prof. T. Kotaka
Commem. Vol.): Saito Ho-on Kai Special Publication,
no. 2 (Professor Tamio Kotaka Commemorative Volume
on Molluscan Paleontology).
Sci. Rep., Fac. Arts and Liter., Nagasaki Univ.: Science
Reports of the Faculty of Arts and Literature, Nagasaki
University.
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.): Science
Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University, Second
Series (Geology).
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.): Science Reports of
the Tohoku University, Second Series (Geology).
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), Spec. Vol.:
Science Reports of the Tôhoku University, Second
Series (Geology), Special Volume.
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), Spec. Vol.: Science
Reports of the Tohoku University, Second Series(Geology), Special Volume.
Short Pap. Inst. Geol. Paleont., Tôhoku Univ.: Short Papers
from the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tôhoku
University, Sendai.
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S.: Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan,
New Series.
U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap.: United States Geological
Survey Professional Paper.
Venus: Venus (Japanese Journal of Malacology).

Fig. 2. Total number of species-group names in eachgeologic age, from which the name-bearing type specimensof fossil Bivalvia deposited in the Tohoku University Museum
were obtained.

12

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Fig. 3. Total number of species-group names in eachchronological period, in which new species-group namesof fossil Bivalvia were proposed and their name-bearing
type specimens were deposited in the Tohoku University
Museum.

40
30
20
0

Others10
T. Kotakaí

DQGODWHUí

í

í

í

í

í

í

í

50

J. Akutsu

60

I. Hayasaka70Y. Kamada

80

H.Yabe

0LVVLQJ([LVWLQJ

90

K. Hatai100

H. Noda0LVVLQJ([LVWLQJ

S. Nomuraí

1XPEHURIVSHFLHVíJURXSQDPHV

These results suggest that 1) 91.2% of the name-bearing
type specimens of fossil Bivalvia of the IGPS collection are
still existing in the Tohoku University Museum, 2) 81.0% ofthem were obtained from Cenozoic, and 34.5% were from
Miocene, and 3) 25.4% and 28.3% of them were proposed
in 1921­–1930 mainly by I. Hayasaka, T. Nagao and H. Yabe
and in 1961–1970 by K. Masuda, M. Murata and H. Noda,
respectively.
A total of 33 researchers proposed new species-groupnames of fossil Bivalvia as the first author, and depositedthe name-bearing type specimens in IGPS. Of them, T.
Nagao described 76 new species-group names as thefirst author during 1928 and 1943, and S. Nomura and K.

T. Nagao

6
115
87
23
42
128
25
15
9
1
 1.

K. Masuda

1911–1920:	
1921–1930:	
1931–1940: 
1941–1950:
1951–1960: 
1961–1970:	
1971–1980: 
1981–1990: 
1991–2000: 
2000–2010:	
2011 and later:

Masuda described 63 species-group names in 1932–1939
and 1952–1994, respectively (Fig. 4). H. Yabe and H. Noda
described 40 new species-group names in 1926–1942 and
1962–1971 respectively, and K. Hatai also described 32
species-group names in 1940–1974.
Among the name-bearing type specimens of fossil
Bivalvia in the IGPS collection, 26 specimens were thoseof members of the genus Anadara, followed by those of
the genus Chlamys (22 species-group names) and Pecten(20 species-group names) (Fig. 5). Nineteen new speciesgroup names of Anadara were described by H. Noda, and
20 of Chlamys were described by K. Masuda. In the genus
Glycymeris, Patinopecten and Venericardia, 13 new speciesgroup names and their name-bearing type specimens werealso proposed and registered in IGPS.
According to Ogasawara (2004), 68 species-group names
described under the genus Chlamys and 54 species-groupnames of Anadara were described from Japanese Islands
and its adjacent areas during the 20th Century. Among
their name-bearing type specimens, 32.3% of Chlamys and48.1% of Anadara were deposited in the Tohoku University
Museum.
These results suggest that many researchers of Tohoku
University especially proposed new species-group namesof Anadara, Chlamys and Pecten for their studies on thetaxonomy, biostratigraphy, paleobiogeography, evolutionary
paleobiology and paleoenvironmental analyses. In particular,a number of new species-group names were proposed
during the two "golden ages", namely 1921–1940 and 1961–
1970 (Fig. 3), in this university.

1XPEHURIVSHFLHVíJURXSQDPHV

The chronologic succession of the number of the bivalve
studies, in which new species-group names were proposed
and the name-bearing types were reposited at IGPS, are as
follows (Fig. 3):

Fig. 4. Total number of species-group names in each author,
who proposed new species-group names of fossil Bivalvia
as the first author and deposited their name-bearing typespecimen in the Tohoku University Museum.

0LssLQJ
ExLstLQJ

25

400
350
300

20

250

15

200
150

10

100
5

OthersNuculaArca

Cardium

Tellina

Venericardia

Patinopecten

PectenGlycymeris

50
Anadara0

0

1XPEer Rf specLesíJrRXp QDPes(Others cDteJRry)

30

Chlamys

1XPEerRIsSeFLesíJrRXSQDPes
(Except fRr Others cDteJRry)

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

Fig. 5. Total number of species-group names in each genusof the name-bearing type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
deposited in the Tohoku University Museum.

Catalogue
Acanthopecten onukii Murata, 1964
Plate 1, Figure 1
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 54, p. 222,
pl. 35, fig. 1a–­b. Holotype: IGPS no. 85745 (Existing).
Type locality: IGPS loc. no. Mi 117 (Murata, 1964), Shigejizawa, Kamiyasse, Kesennuma City, Miyagi Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Lower part of Kanokura Formation.
Geologic age: Middle Permian.
Acanthopecten spinosus Hayasaka, 1925b
Plate 1, Figure 2
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 8,
no. 2, p. 10, pl. 8, fig. 6. Lectotype: IGPS no. 22388(designated by Murata, 1964; Existing). Type locality:
Imô, Yahagi-mura, Kesen-gôri, prov. Rikuzen [currently
Imo, Yahagicho, Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Lower part of Kanokura Formation.
Geologic age: Lower Permian [Middle Permian].
Acila divaricata chitosensis Noda, 1962b
Plate 1, Figure 3
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 34, no. 3, p.
227, pl. 16, fig. 9. Holotype: IGPS no. 79060 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. No. 344 (Noda, 1962b), cliff of the
Shibumi River, just under the Chitose Bridge, Chitose,
Matsudai-machi, Higashikubiki-gun [currently Tokamachi
City], Niigata Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Higashigawa
Formation. Geologic age: “Middle” Pliocene.

13

Acila (Acila) kiiensis Masuda and Katto, in Katto and
Masuda, 1978
Plate 1, Figures 4a–b
Res. Rep. Kochi Univ., Nat. Sci., vol. 27, p. 104, pl. 3,
figs. 1a–3b. Holotype: IGPS no. 96071 (Existing). Type
locality: Loc. no. 2 (Katto and Masuda, 1978), Tanozaki,
about 1 km SWS of Tanami, Kushimoto-cho, Nishimurogun [currently Higashimuro-gun], Wakayama Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Tanami Formation. Geologic age:
Oligocene [Early Miocene].
Aequipecten matsunagiensis Masuda, 1966b
Plate 1, Figure 5
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 64, p. 323,
pl. 35, figs. 4–6. Holotype: IGPS no. 90089 (formerly
DGS no. 4506; Existing). Type locality: No. 32 (Masuda,
1966a), small road side exposure, about 200 m S of the
Matsunagi Primary School, [Matsunagi-machi], Suzu
City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Higashi-innai
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Amussiopecten akiyamae Masuda, 1962aPlate 1, Figure 6
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 33, p.
224, pl. 27, figs. 1–3. Holotype: IGPS no. 90658 (formerly
DGS no. 3854; Existing). Type locality: Sea cliff at Fudôiwa,Kanaya, Amaha-machi, Kimitsu-gun [currently Futtsu City],
Chiba Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Inagozawa Formation[Nokogiriyama Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [latest
Late Miocene–earliest Early Pliocene].
Anadara (Scapharca) akitaensis Noda, 1966aPlate 1, Figures 7a–d
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.
106, pl. 5, figs. 9, 10, 19, 20. Holotype: IGPS no. 16330(Existing). Type locality: Tayazawa, Wakimoto-mura,
Minamiakita-gun [sic, Wakimoto, Oga City], Akita Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Sasaoka Formation. Geologic age:
Pliocene [latest Late Pliocene–early Early Pleistocene].
Anadara (Anadara) amicula elongata Noda, 1966aPlate 1, Figures 8a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.
84, pl. 5, figs. 2–7. Holotype: IGPS no. 85907 (originallystated IGPS no. 62435; Existing). Type locality: Upstream of
Kanakusare [sic, Kanakusari] River, Makimachi, Kanazawa
City, Ishikawa Prefectrure. Stratigraphic unit: Omma
Formation. Geologic age: Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Anadara (Anadara) arasawaensis Noda, 1966aPlate 1, Figures 9a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1,

14Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

p. 86, pl. 4, figs. 13, 15–17. Holotype: IGPS no. 90046(Existing). Type locality: Arasawa, Gomyojin-mura [sic,Omyojin], Shizukuishi-machi [sic, Shizukuishi-cho], [Iwategun], Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Sakamotogawa
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene.
Anadara (Anadara) gentaroensis Noda, 1966aPlate 1, Figure 10
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.
87, pl. 7, figs. 19–21. Holotype: IGPS no. 86411 (Existing).
Type locality: Gentaro, Kozai-mura [sic, Kosai], Ouchimachi [sic, Marumori-machi], Igu-gun, Miyagi Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Yoshizawa Formation [sic, Yoshigasawa
Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early–earliest
Middle Miocene].
Anadara (Anadara) hataii Noda, 1966aPlate 1, Figures 11a–c; Plate 2, Figures 1a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.
88, pl. 6, figs. 1, 4–7. Holotype: IGPS no. 73210 (Existing).
Type locality: Nishigoto [sic, Nishigodo], Hanawamachi, Higashishirakawa-gun, Fukushima Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Tanagura Formation [=Kubota
Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [early Late Miocene].
Anadara (Anadara) hokkaidoensis Noda, 1966aPlate 2, Figures 2a–c
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no.
1, p. 90, pl. 4, figs. 18, 19, pl. 5, fig. 14, pl. 8, figs. 1,
8. Holotype: IGPS no. 86408 (Existing). Type locality:
Upstream of the Ishii-sawa [sic, Ishiizawa], Atsunai,
Horonobe-machi [sic, Urahoro-cho], Tokachi-gun, Tokachi
Province, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Chokubetsu
Formation [=Ishiizawa Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene[early Middle Miocene].
Anadara (Scapharca?) iwashibaraensis Noda, 1965
Plate 2, Figure 3
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 59, p. 104,
pl. 10, fig. 15. Holotype: IGPS no. 29050 (Existing).
Type locality: Iwashibara, Kamitareki-mura, Ogasa-gun[sic, Yashibara, Shimotaruki, Kakegawa City], Shizuoka
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Dainichi Formation.
Geologic age: Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Anadara (Anadara) iwatensis Noda, 1966aPlate 2, Figures 4a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.
91, pl. 4, figs. 21, 22. Holotype: IGPS no. 90048 (Existing).
Type locality: Arasawa, Myojin-mura, Shizukuishimachi [sic, Omyojin, Shizukuishi-cho], Iwate-gun, Iwate
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Sakamotogawa Formation.

Geologic age: Miocene.
Anadara (Anadara) iwatonoensis Noda, 1966aPlate 2, Figures 5a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.
92, pl. 9, fig. 21, pl. 11, fig. 19. Holotype: IGPS no. 63342(Existing). Type locality: Jakotsuzawa, Saruhashi, KitaTsuru-gun [sic, Saruhashimachi, Otsuki City], Yamanashi
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Iwatono Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene.
Anadara (Anadara) kakehataensis Hatai and Nisiyama,
1949
Plate 2, Figures 6a–d
Jour. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 88, pl. 23, figs. 8–10.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72510 (Existing). Although Ogasawara(2001) stated IGPS no. 72511 as the holotype, it is theholotype of Anadara (Anadara) kurosedaniensis Hatai
and Nisiyama, 1949. Type locality: West cliff, about 50
m S of the bridge at Kakehata, Unohana-mura, Nei-gun[currently Yatsuomachi, Toyama City], Toyama Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Susahara Formation [=Kurosedani
Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Remarks: The present species is a type species of
Hataiarca Noda, 1966a (by original designation).
Anadara (Hataiarca) kogachiensis Noda, 1971
Plate 2, Figures 7a–c; Plate 3, Figures 1a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 81, p. 37, pl.
6, figs. 1–5, 8–17. Holotype: IGPS no. 86757 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. no. 109 (Noda, 1971), west of Kogachi,
Haneji-son, [Kunigami-gun] [currently Kogachi, Nago
City], Okinawa-jima, Okinawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Kogachi Member of Haneji Formation. Geologic age:
Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Anadara (Anadara) kurosedaniensis Hatai and Nisiyama,
1949
Plate 3, Figures 2a–b
Jour. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 89, pl. 23, figs. 11, 12.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72511 (Existing). Type locality:
West cliff, about 50 m south of the bridge at Kakehata,
Unohana-mura, Nei-gun [currently Yatsuomachi, Toyama
City], Toyama Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Susahara
Formation [=Kurosedani Formation]. Geologic age:
Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Anadara makiyamai Hatai and Nisiyama, 1939 [“1938”]
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 16, nos. 1–2, p. 143–144,
pl. 9, fig. 7. Holotype: IGPS no. 62430 (Missing). Type
locality: Nanseki, Meisen-gun, Kankyô-dô, North Tyôsen[currently Myongchon-gun, Hamgyongpuk-to, North

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
Korea]. Stratigraphic unit: Heiroku Beds of Meisen Series[Heiroku Formation of Meisen Group]. Geologic age:
Miocene [latest Early–earliest Middle Miocene]. Remarks:
This species is a junior synonym of Anadara abdita(Makiyama, 1926).
Anadara (Scapharca) masudai Noda, 1966aPlate 3, Figures 3a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.
118, pl. 5, figs. 16–17, pl. 13, figs. 2, 4. Holotype: IGPS
no. 51550 (Existing). Type locality: Subsurface about 4–5
m below the Star Hotel, Honmoku, [Naka-ku], Yokohama
City, Kanagawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic Unit: Tokyo
Formation. Geologic age: Pleistocene [Late Pleistocene].
Anadara (Anadara) naganoensis Noda, 1966aPlate 3, Figure 4
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.
95, pl. 3, fig. 8. Holotype: IGPS no. 86410 (Existing). Type
locality: Stream cliff of a tributary of the Saikawa, Fukudo,
about 10 m E of the Fukudo Bridge, Shinanoshin-machi[sic, Shinshushin-machi], Kamiminochi-gun [currently
Shinshushinmachi, Nagano City], Nagano Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Gonda Formation. Geologic age: Late
Miocene.
Anadara (Tegillarca) obessa Kotaka, 1953
Plate 3, Figures 5a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 10, p. 35, pl.
4, figs. 1a–6c. Holotype: IGPS no. 66536 (Existing). IGPS
no. 66356 given by original description as the holotype
is incorrect. Type locality: Coast near Nago-machi [sic,Nago-cho], Kunigami-gun, [Government of the Ryukyu
Islands] [currently Nago City, Okinawa Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Raised beach deposits. Geologic age:
[Late Pleistocene or Holocene].
Anadara (Scapharca) omaruensis Sasaki, 1991
Plate 3, Figures 6a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 161, p. 710,
figs. 11.2a–b, 12.5a–12.8b. Holotype: IGPS no. 101325(Existing). Type locality: Iwasebashi, Matsubara, [Heida],
Kawaminami-machi [sic, Kawaminami-cho], Koyu-gun,Miyazaki Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Koyu Formation.
Geologic age: Pliocene [late Late Pliocene–early Early
Pleistocene].
Anadara (Hataiarca) pseudosubcrenata Ogasawara, 1977
Plate 3, Figures 7a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 47, no. 2, p. 92,
pl. 6, figs. 1–2b, 5a–6. Holotype: IGPS no. 95070 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. no. KO-01 (Ogasawara, 1977), river floor

15

of Sai-gawa, 350 m SE of Okuwa Bridge, Okuwa, Kanazawa
City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Omma
Formation. Geologic age: Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Anadara (Scapharca?) shizuokaensis Noda, 1965
Plate 3, Figures 8a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 59, p. 103, pl.
11, figs. 7, 8. Holotype: IGPS no. 78919 (Existing). Type
locality: Hosoya, Kitaogasa-mura, Ogasa-gun [currently
Kakegawa City], Shizuoka Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Nango Sandstone and Mudstone Alternation. Geologic
age: Pliocene.
Anadara (Scapharca) taiwanica Noda, 1966aPlate 3, Figure 9; Plate 4, Figures 1a–c
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1,
p. 112, pl. 10, figs. 1, 4–6. Holotype: IGPS no. 42357(Existing). Type locality: About 1,450 m W of Hoko
[sic, Hokkô, Ôbokô], Byoritsu-gun, Shinchiku-shu[currently Yamukeng, Jinshih Village, Hsihu Township,
Miaoli County], Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: Tokazan
Formation [=Toukoushan Formation]. Geologic age:
Pliocene. Remarks: Anadara taiwanica Hu, 1992, from theraised coral reefs in Taiwan, is a junior homonym (Huang
and Masuda, 2001).
Anadara (Scapharca) takanabensis Sasaki, 1991
Plate 4, Figures 2a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 161, p. 710,
figs. 11.4a–b, 12.1a–12.4b. Holotype: IGPS no. 101327(Existing). Type locality: Toriyama, [Heida], Kawaminamimachi [sic, Kawaminami-cho], Koyu-gun, Miyazaki
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Koyu Formation. Geologic
age: Pliocene [late Late Pliocene–early Early Pleistocene].
Anadara (Hataiarca) takayamai Noda, 1966aPlate 4, Figures 3a–b
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no.
1, p. 120, pl. 2, figs. 18, 22, pl. 13, figs. 5, 6, 17, 18.
Holotype: IGPS no. 86403 (Existing). Type locality:
Kubusu River cliff, Kakehata, Yatsuo-machi, Nei-gun[currently Yatsuomachi, Toyama City], Toyama Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Kurosedani Formation. Geologic age:
Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Anadara (Anadara) tanakuraensis Noda, 1966aPlate 4, Figures 4a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.
100, pl. 8, figs. 11, 12. Holotype: IGPS no. 28404 (Existing).
Type locality: Kamitoyonosawa, [Nagare], Tanaguramachi, Higashishirakawa-gun, Fukushima Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Tanagura Formation [=Kubota

16

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [early Late Miocene].
Anadara (Tosarca) tosaensis Noda, 1965
Plate 4, Figure 5
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 59, p. 105, pl.
11, figs. 11–13. Holotype: IGPS no. 54609 (Existing). Type
locality: Oono, Yasuda-mura [sic, Yasuda-machi], Aki-gun,
Kochi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Ananai Formation.
Geologic age: Pliocene [late Late Pliocene–early Early
Pleistocene]. Remarks: The present species is a typespecies of Tosarca Noda, 1965 (by original designation).
Anadara (Anadara) tsudai Noda, 1966aPlate 4, Figures 6a–c
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no.
1, p.103, pl. 2, figs. 19–21. Holotype: IGPS no. 86396(Existing). Type locality: Hirabayashi, Yatsuo-machi,Nei-gun [currently Yatsuomachi, Toyama City], Toyama
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Joyama Formation.
[=Higashibessho Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene[latest Early–early Middle Miocene].
Anadara (Hataiarca) yatsuoensis Noda, 1966aPlate 4, Figures 7a–c
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1,
p. 122, pl. 13, figs. 1, 3, 9, 16, 19–20. Holotype: IGPS
no. 86402 (Existing). Type locality: Kubusu River cliff,
Kakehata, Yatsuo-machi, Nei-gun [currently Yatsuomachi,
Toyama City], Toyama Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Kurosedani Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [latest
Early Miocene].
Angulararca yubaensis Noda, 1966b
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 35, p. 16, figs. 7, 8,
17, 18. Holotype: IGPS no. 72884 (Missing). Type locality:
Road side cliff, west of Yuba, Rifu-mura [currently Sugaya,
Rifu-cho], Miyagi-gun, Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Aoso Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [LateMiocene]. This species is the type species of Angulararca
Noda, 1966b.
Angulus maximus submaximus Mizuno, 1964
Plate 5, Figures 1a–b
Rep., Geol. Surv. Japan, no. 204, p. 60. Syntypes: IGPS
no. 36452 (Existing) [=paratypes of Tellina maxima Nagao,
1928b figured in Nagao, 1928b, pl. 4, figs. 8, 11]. Type
locality: Taya, [Yamaga], Ashiya-machi, Onga-gun, Provinceof Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Yamaga
Beds [Yamaga Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene.
Anisocorbula ohiroi Masuda, 1966b
Plate 5, Figures 2a–c

 rans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 64, p. 329,
T
pl. 35, figs. 35a–36b. Holotype: IGPS no. 90734 (formerly
DGS no. 4546; Existing). Type locality: Loc. No. 36(Masuda, 1966a), river cliff near small road, about 600
m SSE of Kakuma, [Otanimachi], Suzu City, Ishikawa
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Higashi-innai Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Annuliconcha kitakamiensis Murata, 1964
Plate 5, Figure 3
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 54, p. 227, pl.
34, fig. 12a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 22389 (Existing). Type
locality: IGPS loc. no. It 044 (Murata, 1964), Imô, Yahagimachi, Rikuzen-takada City [currently Imo, Yahagicho,
Rikuzentakata City], Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Lower part of Kanokura Formation. Geologic age: Middle
Permian.
Anomia pseudotruncata Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe,
Nagao and Shimizu, 1926
Plate 5, Figures 4–5
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9,
no. 2, p. 62, pl. 12, figs. 26, 27, pl. 13, figs. 26, 27, 36,
37. Syntypes: IGPS no. 22522 (Existing). Type locality:
Bômekizawa, Ôhinata[-mura], [currently Ohinata, Sakuhomachi], Minamisaku-gun, Province of Shinano [Nagano
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Ishidô Group [Shiroi
Formation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous].
Arca (Arca) andoi Nomura, 1933
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol.
16, no. 1, p. 33, pl. 3, fig. 8a–b. Holotype: IGPS no.
48383 (Missing). Type locality: Station no. 42 (Nomura,1933), 550 m E of Sankwakô, Tsûshô-shô, Byôritsugun, Shinchiku-shû [currently Sanwo-kou, Tongwan
Village, Tongsiao Township, Miaoli County], Taiwan.
Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli Formation].
Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Arca (Arca) kikaizimana Nomura and Zinbô, 1934
Plate 5, Figures 6a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no. 2,
p. 152 (44), pl. 5 (1), figs. 4a–5b. Holotype: IGPS no. 50198(Existing). Type locality: Plateaux area near Kamikatetu,
Kikai-zima, [Kikai-cho, Oshima-gun], Kagoshima Prefecture.
Lithostratigraphic unit: “Ryûkyû Limestone”. Geologic age:
Pleistocene. Remarks: This species is the type species of
Kikaiarca Noda, 1966a (by original designation).
Arca (Arca) miurensis Noda, 1966aPlate 5, Figures 7a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
57, pl. 12, figs. 11, 12, 14, 15. Holotype: IGPS no. 23846(Existing). Type locality: Urago, Taura-machi, Miuragun [currently Uragocho, Yokosuka City], Kanagawa
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Miyata Formation. Geologic
age: Pliocene [Pleistocene]. Remarks: Because Noda
(1966) thought Arca miyatensis Oyama, 1951b to be
unavailable, he proposed Arca (Arca) miyatensis for thesame taxon. However, A. miyatensis Oyama, 1951b isavailable, because Oyama (1951b) proposed this newname in association with a bibliographic refecence to Arca
kobeltiana Pilsbry sensu Yokoyama (1920). Habe (1967)
considered these two species are hardly distinguishedfrom the Recent Arca boucardi Jousseaume, 1894.
Arca (Noetia) pondaungensis var. transversa Nagao, 1928b
Plate 17, Figure 13
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 26, pl. 6, figs. 8–10. Holotype: IGPS no. 36012(Existing). Type locality: Hôshuyama Mine, Hôshuyamamura [currently Tôhô-mura], Asakura-gun, Provinceof Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit:
Doshi Beds [=Doshiyama Formation]. Geologic age:
Eocene [Late Eocene]. Remarks: A new replacement
name, Noetia nagaoi MacNeil, 1938, was proposed forthis taxon since it is a primary junior homonym of Arcatransversa Say, 1822.
Arca sakamizuensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1952
Plate 5, Figure 8
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), Spec. Vol., no. 3, p.
30. Holotype: IGPS no. 35996 (Existing). Type locality: Beachrocks along the sea coast [about 500 m N of] Sakamizu,
Shimago-mura, Onga-gun [currently An’ya, Wakamatsuku, Kitakyushu City], Fukuoka Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Sakamizu Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene. Remarks:
This species was proposed as “n. sp.” without description,
but is regarded to be elected as “nom. nov.” for Arca (Arca)
sp. a of Nagao (1928b: Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser.
(Geol.), vol. 12, no. 1, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 9, 9a).
Arca shinanoensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao andShimizu, 1926
Plate 5, Figures 9–11
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
2, p. 42, pl. 13, figs. 33–35. Syntypes: IGPS no. 22521(Existing). Type locality: Bômekizawa, Ôhinata[-mura],[currently Ohinata, Sakuho-machi], Minamisaku-gun,
Province of Shinano [Nagano Prefecture]; and Shiroi,[Narahara], Ueno-mura, Tano-gun, Province of Kôzuke
[Gumma Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Ishidô Group [Shiroi
Formartion]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous].

17

Arca (Arca) sokeishiensis Nomura, 1933
Plate 5, Figure 12
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no. 1,
p. 38, pl. 2, fig. 10a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 47770 (Existing).
Type locality: Sôkeishi, Kwanden-shô, Sobun-gun, Tainanshû [currently Shuangsizih, Daci Village, Kuantien District,Tainan City], Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds
[Miaoli Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Arca (Arca) takaoensis Nomura, 1933
Plate 5, Figure 13
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no. 1,
p. 39, pl. 3, figs. 2–5. Holotype: IGPS no. 37444 (Existing).
Type locality: Shinsui, Ensô-shô, Okayama-gun, Takaoshû [currently Shengshui, Shengshui Village, Yangchao
District, Kaohsiung City], Taiwan. Stratigraphic unit: “KaizanBeds”. Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Arca (Barbatia) yokoyamai Nomura, 1933
Plate 5, Figures 14a–e
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no. 1,
p. 41, pl. 1, fig. 3a–d. Holotype: IGPS no. 42588 (Existing).
Type locality: Station no. 38 (Nomura, 1933), Wangwa,
Kôryû-shô, Chikunan-gun, Shinchiku-shû [currently Wanwa,
Jhonghe Village, Houlong Township, Miaoli County],
Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: “Byôritsu Beds”. Geologic
age: Pliocene [Pleistocene]. Remarks: This species isthought to be a junior synonym of Striarca interplicata(Grabau and King, 1928) (Habe, 1958; Noda, 1966a).
Astarte minor Nagao, 1934
Plate 17, Figures 12a–b
Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 2, no.
3, p. 220, pl. 28, figs. 5–10. Lectotype: IGPS no. 66425(designated by Hayami, 1965b; Existing). Type locality:
Southern coast of Hiraiga Inlet [Wano, Tanohata-mura,
Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit:
Hiraiga Sandstone [Hiraiga Formation]. Geologic age:
Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous]. Remarks: The speciesname is preoccupied by Astarte sulcata var. minor
Jeffreys, 1864 [“1863”]. See Nicaniella (Trautscholdia)
nagaoi Matsubara, 2016.
Astarte miyakoensis Nagao, 1934
Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 2, no. 3,
p. 218, pl. 30, fig. 8, pl. 32, figs. 1, 3–5. Lectotype: IGPS
no. 7105 (designated by Hayami, 1965b; Missing). Type
locality: Southern coast of Hiraiga [Raga, Tanohatamura, Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit:
Hiraiga Sandstone [Hiraiga Formation]. Geologic age:
Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous].

18

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Astarte shinanoensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao
and Shimizu, 1926
Plate 5, Figure 15
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
2, p. 47, pl. 13, figs. 29, 30. Lectotype: IGPS no. 22544(designated by Hayami, 1965b; Existing). Type locality:
Ishidô, near Ôhinata[-mura] [currently Ôhinata, Sakuhomachi], Minamisaku-gun, Province of Shinano [Nagano
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Ishidô Group [IshidôFormation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous].
Astarte subomalioides Nagao, 1934
Plate 5, Figure 16
Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 2, no.
3, p. 219, pl. 27, figs. 3, 4. Lectotype: IGPS no. 66446(designated by Hayami, 1965b; Existing). Type locality:
Southern coast of Hiraiga Inlet [Wano, Tanohata-mura,
Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit:
Hiraiga Sandstone [Hiraiga Formation]. Geologic age:
Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous].
Astarte subsenecta Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao
and Shimizu, 1926
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no. 2,
p. 47, pl. 13, figs. 14–16, pl. 14, fig. 11. Lectotype: IGPS no.
22534 (designated by Hayami, 1965b; Missing). Type locality:
Ishidô, near Ôhinata[-mura] [currently Ishidô, Ôhinata,
Sakuho-machi], Minamisaku-gun, Province of Shinano[Nagano Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Ishidô Group [IshidôFormation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous].
Astarte subsenecta var. costata Yabe and Nagao, in
Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926
Plate 5, Figure 17
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no. 2,
p. 48, pl. 14, fig. 10. Holotype: IGPS no. 22483 (Existing).
Type locality: Ôze, near Kagahara, Nakazato-mura [currently
Kanna-machi], Tano-gun, Province of Kôzuke [Gumma
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kawarazawa Group [Ishido
Formation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous].
Aviculopecten hataii Murata, 1964
Plate 5, Figures 18a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 54, p. 221, pl.
34, fig. 10a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 85732 (Existing). Type
locality: IGPS loc. no. Mi 116 (Murata, 1964), Toya-zawa[Toyasawa], Kamishishiori [Shiraishi], Kesennuma City,
Miyagi Perfecture. Stratigraphic unit: Shigeji-zawa Member,
Kanokura Formation. Geologic age: Middle Permian.
Aviculopecten hayasakai Murata, 1964
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 54, p. 219, pl.

34, fig. 4a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 85737 (Missing). Type
locality: IGPS loc. no. Mi 116 (Murata, 1964), Toya-zawa[Toyasawa], Kamishishiori [Shiraishi], Kesennuma City,
Miyagi Perfecture. Stratigraphic unit: Shigeji-zawa Member,
Kanokura Formation. Geologic age: Middle Permian.
Aviculopecten minoensis Hayasaka, 1925b
Plate 5, Figure 19
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 8, no. 2,
p. 5, pl. 8, fig. 1. Lectotype: IGPS no. 22412 (designatedby Nakazawa, 1967; Existing). Type locality: Kinshôzan,Akasaka-machi, Province of Mino [currently Akasakacho,
Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture]. Lithostratigraphic unit: theFusulina limestone [Akasaka Limestone]. Geologic age:
Middle Permian. Remarks: The name of species was
originally spelled as minöensis, and is corrected.
Aviculopecten? onukii Murata, 1969
Plate 5, Figures 20a–b
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 38, p. 17, pl. 3, figs.
1a–d, 2a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 91380 (Existing). Type
locality: Senmatsu, [Okago], Fujisawa-cho, HigashiIwai-gun [currently Fujisawacho, Ichinoseki City], Iwate
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Upper part of Toyoma
Formation. Geologic age: Late Permian.
Aviculopecten reticularis Hayasaka, 1925b
Plate 5, Figure 21
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 8, no.
2, p. 6, pl. 8, fig. 2. Holotype: IGPS no. 22227 (Existing).
Type locality: Kinshôzan, Akasaka-machi, Province ofMino [currently Akasakacho, Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture].
Lithostratigraphic unit: the Fusulina limestone [Akasaka
Limestone]. Geologic age: Middle Permian.
Aviculopecten sasakii Murata, 1964
Plate 5, Figures 22a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 54, p. 218, pl.
34, fig. 1a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 85730 (Existing). Type
locality: IGPS loc. no. Mi 117 (Murata, 1964), the uppercourse of the Shigeji-zawa, Kamiyasse, Kesennuma City,
Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanokura Formation.
Geologic age: Middle Permian.
Azorius philippianus Kotaka and Noda, 1977
Plate 5, Figure 23
Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia, vol. 18, p. 142, pl. 25,
figs. 9, 10. Holotype: IGPS no. 95087 (Existing). Type
locality: Road-side cliff, about 500 m S of Amuntay[Tagkawayan Municipality, Province of Quezon], westernpart of the Bondoc Peninsula, Philippines. Stratigraphic
unit: “Gumaca Formation”. Geologic age: Miocene.

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
Barbatia (Acar) hayasakai Noda, 1966aPlate 5, Figures 24a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.
67, pl. 4, figs. 10, 11. Holotype: IGPS no. 76249 (Existing).
Ogasawara (2001) erronerously cited IGPS no. 76429 as
the holotype. Type locality: Ogi, Nishikoshi-mura [currently
Izumozaki-machi], Santo-gun, Niigata Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Funabashi Sandstone [=Haizume
Formation]. Geologic age: Late Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Barbatia kanezawaensis Akutsu, 1964
Plate 5, Figure 25
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 3, p.
282, pl. 59, fig. 2. Holotype: IGPS no. 85501 (Existing).
Type locality: About 1.8 km upstream from Kanezawa, theFukasawa valley, Shiobara-machi, Shioya-gun [currently
Nasushiobara City], Tochigi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Kanomatazawa Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [LateMiocene].
Barbatia (Acar) numaensis Noda, 1966aPlate 5, Figures 26a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p. 68,
pl. 5, figs. 11–12. Holotype: IGPS no. 86137. (Existing) Type
locality: Numa, Tateyama City, Chiba Pefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Numa Coral Bed. Geologic age: Holocene.
Barbatia (Pugilarca) tsurushizakiensis Noda, 1966aPlate 5, Figure 27
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.
70, pl. 10, figs. 9, 10. Holotype: IGPS no. 17271 (Existing).
Type locality: Sea cliff, Tsurushizaki [sic, Tsurushu-misaki],[Higashicho], Hitachi City, Ibaragi [sic, Ibaraki] Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Hatsuzaki Formation [=Hitachi
Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Early Pliocene].
Barbatia (Barbatia) uetsukiensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949
Plate 5, Figure 28
J our. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 89, pl. 23, figs. 6, 7.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72522 (Existing). Type locality: Road
side cuting about 100 m NE of the shrine at Dainichi-saka,
Uetsuki-mura [sic, Uetsuki-son] [currently Sho’o-cho],
Katsuta-gun, Okayama Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Uetsuki Formation [=Yoshino Formation]. Geologic age:
Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Barbatia (Pugilarca) yabei Noda, 1966aSci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 38, no. 1, p.
71, pl. 2, figs. 14, 15. Holotype: IGPS no. 25787 (Missing).
Type locality: Sea cliff, Tsurushizaki [sic, Tsurushu-misaki],[Higashicho], Hitachi City, Ibaragi [sic, Ibaraki] Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Hatsuzaki Formation [=Hitachi

19

Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Early Pliocene].
Bassina (Callanatis) hayasakai Kotaka, 1977
Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia, vol. 18, p. 128, pl. 22,
figs. 3–15. Holotype: IGPS no. 94933 (Missing). Type
locality: Yuanli Shell Mound, near Miaoli, [currently
Yuanli Township, Miaoli County], Taiwan. Geologic age:
Holocene.
Batissa nagaoi Suzuki, 1941
Plate 5, Figures 29a–b; Plate 6, Figure 1
Jour. Fac. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Sec. 2, vol. 6, no. 3, p.
46, text-figs. 1a–3b, pl. 1, figs. 1a–2. Holotype: IGPS no.
35777 (Existing). Type locality: Kakize Mine, Takashima,
Takashima-machi [sic, Takashima-cho], Nishisonogigun [currently Takashimacho, Nagasaki City], Nagasaki
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Hashima Formation. Geologic
age: Eocene [Middle Eocene]. Remarks: This species was
proposed as nom. nov. for Cyrena (Batissa) ponderosa
Nagao, 1928a, non Cyrena ponderosa Prime, 1860.
Batissa taiwanensis Nomura, 1933
Plate 6, Figures 2a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 1, p. 68, pl. 1, figs. 1a–d. Holotype: IGPS no. 45087(Existing). Type locality: Sôkeishi, Kwanden-shô, Sobungun, Tainan-shû [currently Shuangsi, Daci Villege,
Kuantien District, Tainan City], Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic
unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli Formation]. Geologic age:
Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Brachidontes takiensis Kamada, 1962
Plate 6, Figure 3
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 73, pl. 3, figs.
15, 16. Holotype: IGPS no. 79380 (Existing). Type locality:
Sorida, Shimotaki, Tonomachi, Iwaki City, Fukushima
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Iwaki Formation. Geologic age:
Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–earliest Early Oligocene].
Callista chinensis takagii Masuda, 1955
Plate 6, Figure 4
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 20, p. 121,
pl. 19, fig. 7. Holotype: IGPS no. 90885 (formerly DGS no.
2501; Existing). Type locality: Tokunari, Machino-machi,
Fugeshi-gun [currently Wajima City], Ishikawa Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Higashi-innai Formation. Geologic age:
Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Callista pseudoplana Yabe and Nagao, 1925
Plate 6, Figure 5
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 7, no. 4,
p. 120, pl. 28, figs. 9, 10, pl. 29, figs. 2, 4. Lectotype: IGPS

20

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

no. 8553 (designated by Ichikawa and Maeda, 1963;
Existing). Type locality: The upper course of Ponnebets[u],a tributary of the Horomui, province of Ishikari [Manji,
Kurisawacho, Iwamizawa City], Hokkaido. Stratigraphic
unit: The Trigonia Sandstone [Middle Yezo Group in Manjiarea]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [Cenomanian–Turonian].
Callista sekiyaensis Akutsu, 1964
Plate 6, Figure 6
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no.
3, p. 285, pl. 59, figs. 8, 12. Syntypes: IGPS no. 85506(Existing). Type locality: Cliff of the Hoki River, about 100
m down stream from Daikoku-iwa, Sekiya, Shiobaramachi, Shioya-gun [curretly Nasushiobara City], Tochigi
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Cardiomya (Cardiomya) kotakai Honda, 1989
Plate 6, Figure 7
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 60, no. 1,
p. 90, pl. 5, fig. 6. Holotype: IGPS no. 99278 (Existing).
Type locality: NB-17 (Honda, 1989), riverside cliff along
the lowerstream of the Sakudano-sawa, a tributary of
the Chambetsu-gawa, Ombetsu-machi [sic, Ombetsucho], Shiranuka-gun [currently Onbetsu-cho, Kushiro
City], Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Nuibetsu Formation.
Geologic age: Oligocene.
Cardita katsumatai Nagao, 1928b
Plate 6, Figures 8a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 54, pl. 9, fig. 17. Holotype: IGPS no. 36331 (Existing).
Type locality: Namazuta Mine near Iizuka-machi, Kahogun [currently Iizuka City], Province of Hizen [Fukuoka
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Namazuta Fossil Bed[=Honso Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene.
Cardita kondoi Nagao, 1928b
Plate 6, Figure 9
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 53, pl. 9, figs. 4–6. Holotype: IGPS no. 36407(Existing). Type locality: Tokuman, Ôshima, Provinceof Hizen [currently Oshimacho, Saikai City, Nagasaki
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kakinoura Beds [Kakinoura
Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–
earliest Early Oligocene].
Cardium (Acanthocardia) cancellatum Nomura, 1933
Plate 29, Figures 12a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no. 1,
p. 81, pl. 3, fig. 9a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 46500 (Existing).
Type locality: Station no. 14 (Nomura, 1933), exposure,

550 m SE of Jô-tsûshô-wan, Tsûshô-shô, Byôritsu-gun,Shinchiku-shû [currently Shangtongsiaowan, Tongwan
Village, Tongsiao Township, Miaoli County], Taiwan.
Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli Formation].
Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene]. Remarks: A new
replacement name Trifaricardium nomurai Kuroda andHabe, 1951 was proposed for this species, as it is a primary
junior homonym of Cardium cancellatum Gmelin, 1791.
Cardium (Trachycardium) hanpeizanense Nomura, 1933
Plate 6, Figure 10
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no. 1,
p. 77, pl. 1, figs. 7a–8b, pl. 2, figs. 8, 9. Holotype: IGPS no.
37455 (Existing). Type locality: Hanpeizan, Okayama-gun,Takao-shû [currently Ban Pin Shan, Kaohsiung City], Taiwan.
Lithostratigraphic unit: “Riukiu Limestone” [correlative of the
Ryukyu Limestone]. Geologic age: Pleistocene.
Cardium (Cerastoderma) hanzawai Nomura, 1933
Plate 6, Figures 11a–b
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol.
16, no. 1, p. 79, pl. 3, figs. 18a–19b. Holotype: IGPS
no. 46803 (Existing). Type locality: Station no. 25(Nomura, 1933), exposure, 1,050 m E of Hakushaton,Kôryû-shô, Chikunan-gun, Shinchiku-shû [currently
Baishaton, Tongsiao Township, Miaoli County], Taiwan.
Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli Formation].
Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Cardium (Cerastoderma) hizenense Nagao, 1928b
Plate 6, Figure 12
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 61, pl. 10, figs. 15–17. Holotype: IGPS no.
36369 (Existing). Type locality: Iô-jima, off Nagasaki,[=Iôjima-mura, Nishisonogi-gun][currently Iôjimamachi,
Nagasaki City], Province of Hizen [Nagasaki Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Iô-jima Beds [=Funazu Formation].
Geologic age: Eocene [Late Eocene].
Cardium (Trachycardium) infantile Nomura and Zinbô, 1934
Plate 6, Figures 13a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 2, p. 156 (48), pl. 5 (1), fig. 17a, b. Holotype: IGPS
no. 50386 (Existing). Type locality: Plateaux area near
Kamikatetu, Kikai-zima, [currently Kikai-cho, Oshima-gun],Kagoshima Prefecture. Lithostratigraphic unit: “Ryûkyû
Limestone”. Geologic age: Pleistocene.
Cardium ishidoense Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao
and Shimizu, 1926
Plate 6, Figure 14
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

212, p. 48, pl. 12, figs. 9, 16, 18. Lectotype: IGPS no. 22553(designated by Hayami, 1965b; Existing). IGPS no. 22533
cited by Tanaka and Toshimitsu (2003) is incorrect. Type
locality: Ishidô, near Ôhinata [currently Ishidô, Ôhinata,
Sakuho-machi], Minamisaku-gun, Province of Shinano[Nagano Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Ishidô Group[Ishidô Formation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [Early
Cretaceous].

Chlamys (Chlamys) akutsui Masuda, 1962aPlate 7, Figure 1
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2, p.
160, pl. 18, fig. 29. Holotype: IGPS no. 28293 (Existing).
Type locality: River cliff of the Naka-gawa, south of
Ogawa-machi [currently Ogawa, Nakagawa-machi],Nasu-gun, Tochigi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Ogane
Formation. Geologic age: Middle Miocene [Late Miocene].

Cardium (Cerastoderma?) kishimaense Nagao, 1928b
Plate 6, Figures 15a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 63, pl. 10, figs. 23, 25, 25a–b. Holotype: IGPS
no. 36367 (Existing). Type locality: Hanjô, Asahi-mura,
Kishima-gun [currently Takeo City], Province of Hizen[Saga Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kishima Beds
[Kishima Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene [latest Late
Eocene–earliest Early Oligocene].

Chlamys chinkopensis Masuda and Sawada, 1961
Plate 7, Figure 2
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 32, no. 1, p. 21, pl. 4, figs.
6, 7. Holotype: IGPS no. 90595 (formerly DGS no. 3896;
Existing). Ogasawara (2001) erroneously cited IGPS no.
90965 as the holotype. Type locality: Right river cliff ofthe Toshibetsu-gawa, about 1.5 km SE of Chinkope-toge,[=Hanaishi-toge], Imagane-machi [sic, Imakane-cho],
Setana-gun, Shiribeshi Province, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic
unit: Setana Formation. Geologic age: Pliocene [Early
Pleistocene].

Cardium miikense Nagao, 1928a
Plate 6, Figure 16
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
3, p. 111, pl. 18, figs. 5, 5a–b. Lectotype: IGPS no. 35733(designated by Hatai and Nisiyama, 1952; Existing). Type
locality: Ôura [sic, Ôuramachi], Ômuta City, Fukuoka
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: “Upper Orthaulax japonicus
Zone” [=Nanaura Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene[Middle Eocene].
Cardium (Nemocardium) torii Nomura, 1933
Plate 6, Figures 17a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 1, p. 79, pl. 2, fig. 6a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 49000(Existing). Type locality: Fûsuirei, Station no. 26, Sachinshô, Shinkwa-gun, Tainan-shû [currently Fengchuiling,
Jhongjheng Village, Tsuochen Township], Taiwan.
Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli Formation].
Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Caryocorbula saikawai Kotaka, 1955
Plate 6, Figure 18
S aito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 24, p. 27, pl. 2,
figs. 5, 6. Holotype: IGPS no. 74010 (Existing). Type
locality: IGPS loc. no. Ao-15 (Kotaka, 1955), upper courseof the Isomatsu-gawa, Wakimoto-mura, Kitatsugarugun [currently Wakimoto, Goshogawara City], Aomori
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Isomatsu Formation.
Geologic age: Oligocene [Early Miocene]. Remarks: The
present species is a junior synonym of Nipponomarcia
nakamurai (Ikebe, 1941) (Matsubara, 1995).

Chlamys cosibensis hanzawae Masuda, 1959
Plate 7, Figure 3
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 35, p. 125, pl.
13, figs. 10a–15. Holotype: IGPS no. 90648 (formerly DGS
no. 3690; Existing). Type locality: Ukibuta, Higashiyurimura, Yuri-gun [currently Oikata, Higashiyuri, Yurihonjô
City], Akita Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Sugota Formation.
Geologic age: Early Miocene [early Middle Miocene].
Chlamys daishakaensis Masuda and Sawada, 1961
Plate 7, Figure 4
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 32, no. 1, p. 23, pl. 4, figs.
8, 9. Holotype: IGPS no. 90708 (formerly DGS no. 3880;
Existing). Type locality: Right stream cliff, about 2.3 km N
of Daishaka Station along the Ou Line, Namioka-machi,
Minamitsugaru-gun [currently Namioka, Aomori City],
Aomori Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Daishaka Formation.
Geologic age: Pliocene [Early Pleistocene]. Remarks:
This species is a junior synonym of Chlamys (Leochlamys)
tanassevitschi (Khomenko, 1934) (Amano, 1994).
Chlamys (Chlamys) hanaishiensis Masuda, 1962aPlate 7, Figure 5
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2, p.
166, pl. 22, figs. 1, 2. Holotype: IGPS no. 90565 (formerly
DGS no. 3935; Existing). Type locality: Left floor of the
Toshibetsu River, about 1 km SW of Pirika Station of the
Setana Line, Imagane-machi [sic, Imakane-cho], Setanagun, Shiribeshi Province, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit:
Setana Formation. Geologic age: Early Pliocene [Early
Pleistocene].

22

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Chlamys (Chlamys) hasimotoi Masuda, 1962aPlate 7, Figure 6
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2, p.
167, pl. 19, figs. 1, 2. Holotype: IGPS no. 90527 (formerly
DGS no. 3867; Existing). IGPS no. 90600 cited as theholotype by Ogasawara (2001) is the paratype. Type
locality: Natsukawa-en [=Honbetsu Koen], upstream of
the Honbetsu River [Higashihonbetsu], Honbetsu-machi[sic, Honbetsu-cho], Nakagawa-gun, Tokachi Province,
Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Rawan Conglomerate ofOkuashiyoro Formation [=Honbetsu Formation]. Geologic
age: Early Pliocene.
Chlamys hataii Masuda and Akutsu, 1956
Plate 7, Figure 7
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 21, p. 130,
pl. 20, figs. 1a–6b. Holotype: IGPS no. 90726 (formerly
DGS no. 1370; Existing). Type locality: Niiya, Tawara,
Kawachi-mura, Kawachi-gun [currently Ishii machi,
Utsunomiya City], Tochigi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Nagaoka Formation. Geologic age: Early Miocene [early
Middle Miocene]. Remarks: The present species issynonymous with Chlamys (Nomurachlamys) meisensis(Makiyama, 1926) (Kurihara, 2010).
Chlamys (Chlamys) hatakeyamae Masuda, 1962aPlate 7, Figure 8
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2,
p. 168, pl. 18, figs. 18–20. Holotype: IGPS no. 27563(Existing). Type locality: Ikatsuchi-zawa at Kanayama,
Higashi-Takizawa, Yuri-mura, Yuri-gun [currenlty Ikazuchi,
Yurihonjô City] Akita Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Sugota
Formation. Geologic age: Early Miocene [Middle Miocene].
Chlamys imanishii Masuda and Sawada, 1961
Plate 7, Figures 9a–b
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 32, no. 1, p. 25, pl. 4, figs.
10a–11. Holotype: IGPS no. 72555 (Existing). Type locality:
Sea cliff at Hamada, Yokohama-machi, Kamikita-gun,
Aomori Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Hamada Formation.
Geologic age: Early Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Chlamys (Chlamys) ishidae Masuda, 1962aPlate 7, Figure 10
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2,
p. 171, pl. 18, figs. 21–24. Holotype: IGPS no. 90676(formerly DGS no. 3909; Existing). Type locality: Left cliffof the Do River, Tsuzara, Osawano-machi, Kaminikawagun [sic, Kaminiikawa-gun] [currently Tsuzuhara, Toyama
City], Toyama Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kashio
Alternation of Kurosedani Formation. Geologic age: Early
Miocene [latest Early Miocene].

Chlamys (Chlamys) itoigawae Masuda, 1962aPlate 7, Figure 11
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2,
p. 172, pl. 18, figs. 25, 26. Holotype: IGPS no. 90538(formerly DGS no. 3819; Existing). Type locality: Floor of
the Toki River, about 300 m upstream of the Relay Stationof Wireless Telegraph at Kamado [Kamadocho], Mizunami
City, Gifu Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Shukunohora
Formation. Geologic age: Early Miocene [latest Early–
earliest Middle Miocene].
Chlamys kitamurai Kotaka, 1955
Plate 7, Figure 12
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 24, p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 2.
Holotype: IGPS no. 74009 (only a plastic cast is existing).
Type locality: IGPS loc. no. Ao-15 (Kotaka, 1955),
upper course of the Isomatsu-gawa, Wakimoto-mura,
Kitatsugaru-gun [currently Wakimoto, Goshogawara City],
Aomori Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Isomatsu Formation.
Geologic age: Oligocene [late Early Miocene].
Chlamys (Chlamys) kotakae Masuda, 1962aPlate 8, Figure 1
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2, p.
175, pl. 20, figs. 8, 9. Holotype: IGPS no. 90646 (formerly
DGS no. 3832; Existing). Type locality: Cliff of the left side
valley of Kamifutamata-zawa, upper course of Biu River,about 5.5 km NE of Biu, Niikappu-machi [sic, Niikappu-cho],
Niikappu-gun, Hidaka Province, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic
unit: Noya Formation. Geologic age: Early Miocene.
Chlamys kumanodoensis Masuda, 1953aPlate 8, Figure 2
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 12, p. 85, pl.
8, figs. 9a–12b. Holotype: IGPS no. 90522 (formerly DGS
no. 1049; Existing). Type locality: Hill side about 500 m Wof the Kumano Shrine, Kumanodô, Takadate-mura, Natorigun, [currently Takadate, Natori City], Miyagi Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Moniwa Formation. Geologic age: Early
Miocene [early Middle Miocene].
Chlamys (Chlamys) matsunoi Masuda, 1962aPlate 8, Figure 3
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2, p.
176, pl. 19, fig. 20, pl. 21, figs. 2–4. Holotype: IGPS no.
90627 (formerly DGS no. 3831; Existing). Type locality:
Cliff of the left side valley of Kamifutamata-zawa, uppercourse of Biu River, about 5.5 km NE of Biu, Niikappumachi [sic, Niikappu-cho], Niikappu-gun, Hidaka Province,
Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Noya Formation. Geologic
age: Early Miocene.

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

23

Chlamys (Chlamys) nagaoi Masuda, 1962aPlate 8, Figure 4
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2, p.
179, pl. 20, figs. 4–6. Holotype: IGPS no. 36440 (Existing).
Type locality: Beach, west of the Hachiman-zaki [sic, Yahatamisaki], about 300 m N of Wakita [sic, Waita], Wakamatsu
City [currently An’ya, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu City],
Fukuoka Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Wakita [sic, Waita]
Formation. Geologic age: Late Oligocene.

Chlamys shitakaraensis Honda, 1980
Plate 8, Figures 9a–c
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 117, p.
258, pl. 30, figs. 1, 2, 5, 6. Holotype: IGPS no. 95439(Existing). Type locality: Loc. B-06 (Honda, 1980), a small
northeastern tributary of the Urahioro-gawa, about 3.8 km
N of Rushin, Urahoro-machi [sic, Urahoro-cho], Tokachigun, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Shitakara Formation.
Geologic age: Oligocene [Middle–Late Eocene].

Chlamys (Chlamys) niikappuensis Masuda, 1962aPlate 8, Figure 5
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2,
p. 180, pl. 21, fig. 5. Holotype: IGPS no. 90536 (formerly
DGS no. 3835; Existing). Type locality: Cliff of the left side
valley of the Kamifutamata-zawa, upper course of the
Biu River, about 5.5 km NE of Biu, Niikappu-machi [sic,Niikappu-cho], Niikappu-gun, Hidaka Province, Hokkaido.
Stratigraphic unit: Noya Formation. Geologic age: Early
Miocene.

Chlamys tamurae Masuda and Sawada, 1961
Plate 8, Figure 10
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 32, no. 1, p. 27, pl. 4, figs.
12a–15. Holotype: IGPS no. 90550 (formerly DGS no.
3862; Existing). Type locality: Small hill-side exposure at
Maruyama [Shinsei], Kitahiyama-machi [sic, Kitahiyamacho], Setana-gun [currently Kitahiyama-ku, Setana-cho,
Kudo-gun], Shiribeshi Province, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic
unit: Setana Formation. Geologic age: Pliocene [Early
Pleistocene].

Chlamys oidensis Hatai, Masuda and Noda, 1974
Plate 8, Figures 6a–b
S aito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 43, p. 36, pl. 4,
figs. 1a–2. Holotype: IGPS no. 64419 (Existing). Type
locality: Oido, Motowakuya, Wakuya-machi, Toda-gun,
Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Oido Formation.
Geologic age: Early Miocene [Middle Miocene]. Remarks:
The present species is a junior synonym of Chlamys(Leochlamys) arakawai (Nomura, 1935b) (Matsubara, in
Matsubara et al., 2014).

Circe (Circe) triangulus Kotaka and Noda, 1977
Plate 8, Figure 11
Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia, vol. 18, p. 137, pl. 25,
figs. 5, 6, text-fig. 2-2. Holotype: IGPS no. 95085 (Existing).
Type locality: Road-side cliff, about 500 m S of Amuntay,[Tagkawayan Municipality, Province of Quezon], westernpart of the Bondoc Peninsula, Philippines. Stratigraphic
unit: “Gumaca Formation”. Geologic age: Miocene.

Chlamys otukae Masuda and Sawada, 1961
Plate 8, Figures 7a–b
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 32, no. 1, p. 19, pl. 4,
figs. 1a–5. Holotype: IGPS no. 90607 (formerly DGS no.
2616; Existing). Type locality: Road-side exposure at
Oido, Motowakuya [currently Kozuka], Wakuya-machi [sic,Wakuya-cho], Tôda-gun, Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Oido Formation. Stratigraphic unit: Oido Formation.
Geologic age: Early Miocene [Middle Miocene].
Chlamys (Chlamys) setsukoae Masuda, 1962b
Plate 8, Figures 8a–b
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 31, p. 20, pl. 1, figs.
1a–8, pl. 2, figs. 6–8. Holotype: IGPS no. 90477 (formerly
DGS no. 4230; Existing). Type locality: Road-side cutting,about 900 m WSW of the Ken’yoshi Station of the Tohoku
Main Line, Ken’yoshi, Nagawa-machi [currently Nanbucho], Sannohe-gun, Aomori Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Togawa Formation. Geologic age: Early Pliocene.

Clementia japonica Masuda, 1955
Plate 8, Figure 12
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 20, p. 121,
pl. 19, fig. 8. Holotype: IGPS no. 90405 (formerly DGS no.
1382; Existing). Although Ogasawara (2001) stated IGPS
no. 90880 as the holotype, it is a paratype. Type locality:
Tokunari, Machino-machi, Fugeshi-gun [currently Wajima
City], Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Higashi-innai
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Clementia (Clementia) nakosoensis Kamada, 1962
Plate 8, Figures 13a–b
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 119, pl. 13, figs.
15a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 79385 (Existing). Type locality:
Kokozura, Nakoso City [currently Nakosomachi, Iwaki
City], Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kokozura
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Clinocardium asagaiense arakawae Kamada, 1962
Plate 9, Figures 1a–b
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 105, pl. 10,
figs. 15–17. Holotype: IGPS no. 79383 (Existing). Type

24

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

locality: Mukaida, Yumoto-machi, Joban City [currently
Joban-Yumotomachi, Iwaki City], Fukushima Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Asagai Formation. Geologic age:
Oligocene [Early Oligocene].
Clinocardium asagaiense makiyamae Kamada, 1962
Plate 9, Figures 2a–b
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 104, pl. 10, figs.
18–21. Holotype: IGPS no. 15800 (Existing). Type locality:
Nabezuka [sic, Nabetsuka], [Kamikitaba], Hirono-machi,
Futaba-gun, Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Asagai
Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene [Early Oligocene].
Clinocardium chikagawaense Kotaka, 1950
Plate 9, Figures 3a–b
Short Pap. Inst. Geol. Paleont., Tôhoku Univ., no. 2, p. 46,
pl. 5, figs. 1–6. Holotype: IGPS no. 72999 (Existing). Type
locality: IGPS loc. no. Ao-51 (Kotaka, 1950), a sea cliff at
the outlet of the Chikagawa River at Chikagawa, Tanabumachi, Shimokita-gun [currently Okunai, Mutsu City],
Aomori Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Hamada Formation.
Geologic age: Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Clinocardium hataii Hayasaka, 1956
Plate 9, Figure 4
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 25, p. 18, pl. 2, fig.
3a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 77375 (Existing). Type locality:
Loc. No. 1 (Hayasaka, 1956), cliff of the Takasegawa
River west of Takakura, [Ide], about 5 km SW of the
Namie-machi Railroad station on the Joban Line, Namiemachi, Futaba-gun, Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Ishiguma Formation. Geologic age: Pliocene.
"Clinocardium" nomurai Hayasaka, 1956
Plate 9, Figure 5
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 25, p. 18, pl. 2, fig. 4a,b. Holotype: IGPS no. 77376 (Existing). Type locality: Loc.
2 (Hayasaka, 1956), path side cutting at Onoda, Namiemachi, Futaba-gun, Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Ishiguma Formation. Geologic age: Pliocene.
Clinocardium omagariense Honda, 1981b
Plate 9, Figures 6a–c
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 122, p. 130,
pl. 15, figs. 1–13. Holotype: IGPS no. 95740-1 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. no. OM-32 (Honda, 1981b), riverside
cliff along the Urahoro-gawa, about 1,250 m NNE from thejunction between the Urahoro-gawa and the Tokomurogawa, Urahoro-machi [sic, Urahoro-cho], Tokachi-gun,
Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Omagari Formation. Geologic
age: Oligocene.

Codakia kitamurai Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949
Plate 9, Figure 7
J our. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 91, pl. 24, figs. 5, 6.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72526 (Existing). Type locality:
Shukunohora, Hiyoshi-mura, Toki-gun [currently
Hiyoshicho, Mizunami City], Gifu Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Hiyoshi Formation [=Shukunohora Member of Akeyo
Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early–earliest
Middle Miocene].
Codakia (Jagonia) okinawazimana Nomura and Zinbô, 1936
Plate 9, Figures 8a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 18,
no. 3, p. 241, pl. 11, figs. 9a–b. Holotype: IGPS no.
51319 (Existing). Type locality: Gabusoga, Haneji-mura,
Kunigami-gun [currently Nago City], Okinawa Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Simaziri Beds [=Haneji Formation].
Geologic age: Early Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Codakia semipolita Nomura, 1933
Plate 9, Figures 9a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no.
1, p. 73, pl. 1, figs. 9a–10b. Holotype: IGPS no. 45086(Existing). Type locality: The upper course of Sairyôkyô,Sachin-shô, Shinkawa-gun, Tainan-shû [currently Yseiliao
Bridge, Yseiliao, Ronghe Village, Tsuochen District, Tainan
City], Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli
Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Conularia rectangularis Hayasaka, 1920
Plate 9, Figures 10a–c
J our. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 27, no. 327, p. 87, textfigs. 1–3. Lectotype: IGPS no. 7320 (designated by
Sugiyama, 1942; Existing). Type locality: Iimô, Yahagimura, Kesen-gôri, prov. Rikuchyû [sic, Rikuzen] [currently
Imo, Yahagicho, Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Lower part of Kanokura Formation.
Geologic age: Middle Permian. Remarks: This species
was originally thought a conulariid (Cnidaria), and agenus Neoconularia Sugiyama, 1942 was proposed with
Conularia rectangularis Hayasaka, 1920 as the typespecies. However, it is referable to Aviculopinna Meek,
1864, and thus Neoconularia Sugiyama, 1942 is a juniorsynonym of Aviculopinna (Nakazawa and Newell, 1968;
Hayami and Kase, 1977).
Corbicula (Corbicula) kotakai Honda, 1981aPlate 9, Figures 11a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 121, p. 22,
pl. 2, figs. 6, 9, 10, 13–17. Holotype: IGPS no. 96758(Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. YB-10 (Honda, 1981a),river side cliff along the Rubeshube-zawa, a tributary

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalviaof the Chokubetsu-gawa, Urahoro-machi [sic, Urahorocho], Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Yubetsu
Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene [Middle Eocene].
Corbicula (Veloritina?) sanchuensis Yabe and Nagao, in
Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926
Plate 9, Figures 12–15
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
2, p. 53, pl. 12, figs. 8, 8a, pl. 13, figs. 8–10, 17, 17a.
Syntypes: IGPS nos. 22449, 22467 (Existing). Type
locality: Bômeki-zawa, Ôhinata[-mura], [currently Ôhinata,
Sakuho-machi], Minamisaku-gun, Province of Shinano[Nagano Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Shiroi Group [Shiroi
Formation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous].
Corbicula (Corbicula) sachalinensis Suzuki, 1943
Plate 9, Figures 16a–b
Venus, vol. 12, nos. 3–4, p. 163–165 (in Japanese), p.
167–169 (in Germany), pl. 8, figs. 1–3, 5, 6. Holotype:
IGPS no. 8353c (Existing). Type locality: Mittellauf desTuimis, Nord-Sachalin, USSR [currently Middle reachesof T'ym River in Tymovskoe or Nogliki District, Sakhalin
Oblast, Russia (precise locality unknown)]. Stratigraphic
unit: Mãch-Gruppe. Geologic age: earliest Miocene(Aquitanian).
Corbicula (Corbicula) shimizui Suzuki, 1943
Plate 9, Figures 17a–b
Venus, vol. 12, nos. 3–4, p. 161–162 (in Japanese), p.
166–167 (in Germany), pl. 7, pl. 8, figs. 4, 7. Holotype:
IGPS no. 8353a (Existing). Type locality: Mittellauf desTuimis, Nord-Sachalin, USSR [currently Middle reachesof T'ym River in Tymovskoe or Nogliki District, Sakhalin
Oblast, Russia (precise locality unknown)]. Stratigraphic
unit: Mãch-Gruppe. Geologic age: earliest Miocene(Aquitanian).
Corbicula takasago Nomura, 1933
Plate 9, Figure 18
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no. 1,
p. 69, pl. 2, figs. 1a–2b. Holotype: IGPS no. 45079 (Existing).
Type locality: Station no. 34 (Nomura, 1933), Wangwa,
Kôryû-shô, Chikunan-gun, Shinchiku-shû [currently Wanwa,
Jhonghe Village, Houlong Township, Miaoli County], Taiwan.
Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli Formation].
Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Corbula (Cunaecorbula) kyushuensis Nagao, 1928a
Plate 9, Figure 19
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9,
no. 3, p. 116, pl. 21, fig. 16. Lectotype: IGPS no. 35834(designated by Hatai and Nisiyama, 1952; Existing). Type25

locality: Akase, Ôda-mura, Uto-gun, Province of Higo[currently Akasemachi, Uto City, Kumamoto Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: “Lower Orthaulax japonicus Zone”[=Fukuregi Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene [early
Middle Eocene].
Corbula (Corbula) subtumida Nagao, 1928a
Plate 9, Figure 20
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9,
no. 3, p. 115, pl. 22, fig. 6. Lectotype: IGPS no. 35828(designated by Hatai and Nisiyama, 1952; Existing).
Type locality: Takesaki, Kôyagi-jima, [Koyagi-mura],
Nishisonogi-gun, [currently Koyagimachi, Nagasaki City],
Province of Hizen [Nagasaki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: “Lower Orthaulax japonicus Zone” [=Futagojima
Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene [Middle Eocene].
Corbula (Corbula) taiwanensis Nomura, 1933
Plate 9, Figures 21a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 1, p. 106, pl. 3, figs. 10a–11b. Holotype: IGPS no.
48966 (Existing). Type locality: Station no. 18 (Nomura,1933), Wangwa, Kôryû-shô, Chikunan-gun, Shinchiku-shû[currently Wanwa, Jhonghe Village, Houlong Township,
Miaoli County], Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds
[Miaoli Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Crassatellites asakuraensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 9, Figure 22
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 49, pl. 2, fig. 22. Holotype: IGPS no. 36258 (Existing).
Type locality: Hôshuyama Mine, Hôshuyama-mura [currently
Tôhô-mura], Asakura-gun, Province of Chikuzen [Fukuoka
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Doshi Beds [Doshiyama
Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene [Late Eocene].
Crassatellites formosanus Nomura, 1933
Plate 9, Figure 23
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no. 1,
p. 66, pl. 1, figs. 14, 15. Holotype: IGPS no. 37441 (Existing).
Type locality: About 1,500 m NNW of the Police station of
Shinsui, Ensô-shô, Okayama-gun, Takao-shû [currently
Shengshui, Shengshui Village, Yangchao District, KaohsiungCity], Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli
Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Crassatellites inconspicuus Nagao, 1928b
Plate 10, Figures 1a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 50, pl. 2, figs. 14, 14a. Holotype: IGPS no. 36308(Existing). Type locality: Tokuman, Ôshima, [Kurose-mura,Nishisonogi-gun], Province of Hizen [currently Oshimacho,

26

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Saikai City, Nagasaki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit:
Kakinoura Beds [Kakinoura Formation]. Geologic age:
Oligocene [latest Eocene–earliest Oligocene].
Crassatellites matsuraensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 10, Figures 2a–c
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 50, pl. 3, figs. 20, 20a. Holotype: IGPS no. 36310(Existing). Type locality: Ôbô, near Arita-machi [currently
Arita-cho], Nishimatsura-gun [sic, Nishimatsuura-gun],
Province of Hizen [Saga Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Kishima Beds [Kishima Formation]. Geologic age:
Oligocene [latest Eocene–earliest Oligocene].
Crassatellites tosanus Nomura, 1937
Plate 10, Figures 3a–b
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 14, nos. 3–4, p. 81, pl. 6,
fig. 8a, b. Lectotype: IGPS no. 54638 (designated by Hatai
and Nisiyama, 1952; Existing). Type locality: Tônohama,Yasuda-mura [sic, Yasuda-cho], Aki-gun, Kôti [=Kochi]
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Tosa Pliocene [=Ananai
Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [latest Late Pliocene–
early Early Pleistocene].
Crassatellites yabei Nagao, 1928b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 48, pl. 2, figs. 19, 19a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 36388(Missing). Type locality: Iwaya, Shimagô-mura, [Ongagun] Province of Hizen [currently Arige, Wakamatsu-ku,
Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit:
Wakita Beds [=Waita Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene.
Crassostrea gravitesta eoilensis Kim, Noda and Yoon,
1974
Plate 10, Figures 4a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 93, p. 274,
pl. 38, fig. 15, pl. 39, fig. 1a–c. Holotype: IGPS no. 92938(Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. 1-1 (Kim et al., 1974), S
of Songjeon-ri, Yangbug-myeon, Weolseong-gun [currently
Gyeongju City], Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Stratigraphic
unit: Eoil Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early–
earliest Middle Miocene]. Remarks: This “subspecies”
is thought an ecophenotype of Crassostrea gravitesta(Yokoyama, 1926) (Matsubara et al., 2011).
Crassostrea sunakozakaensis Ogasawara, 1976
Plate 10, Figures 5a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 46, no. 2,
p. 45, pl. 11, figs. 19–21, pl. 12, figs. 15, 20. Holotype:
IGPS no. 95018 (Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. Su01 (Ogasawara, 1976), river side cliff of Asano-gawa at
Higashi-Ichise [sic, Higashi-ichinosemachi], Kanazawa

City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Sunakozaka
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Crenella (Megacrenella) nuibetsuensis Honda, 1989
Plate 10, Figure 6
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 60, no. 1, p.
60, pl. 4, figs. 4, 17. Holotype: IGPS no. 97096 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. NB-08 (Honda, 1989), Muri-kawa,
Ombetsu-machi [sic, Ombetsu-cho], Shiranuka-gun [currently
Onbetsucho, Kushiro City], Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit:
Nuibetsu Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene.
Crenella (Megacrenella) shitakaraensis Honda, 1989
Plate 10, Figure 7
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 60, no. 1,
p. 61, pl. 4, fig. 18. Holotype: IGPS no. 97111 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. SK-46 (Honda, 1989), upstream of
Chokubetsu-gawa, Urahoro-machi [sic, Urahoro-cho],
Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Shitakara
Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene [Middle–Late Eocene].
Crenella striatocostata Nagao, 1928b
Plate 10, Figure 8
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no. 1,
p. 46, pl. 6, figs. 20, 21. Holotype: IGPS no. 36291 (Existing).
Type locality: Kojôbaru, Hôshuyama-mura, Province of
Chikuzen [currently Tôhô-mura, Asakura-gun, Fukuoka
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kawamagari Beds [Kawamagari
Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene [Middle Eocene].
Crenella subfornicata Nagao, 1928b
Plate 10, Figures 9a–c
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 46, pl. 5, figs. 8–9b. Holotype: IGPS no. 36288(Existing). Type locality: Taya, [Yamaga], Ashiya-machi,
Onga-gun, Province of Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Yamaga Beds [Yamaga Formation].
Geologic age: Oligocene.
Crenella tomiyaensis Hatai and Nakamura, 1940
Plate 10, Figure 10
B ull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, vol. 10, no. 7, p. 113, fig.
1. Holotype: IGPS no. 61354 (Existing). Type locality:
Tomiya, Tomiya-mura [currently Tomiya-machi], Kurokawagun, Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Nanakita Beds
[Nanakita Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [late Late
Miocene].
Crenipecten kesenensis Hayasaka, 1925b
Plate 10, Figure 11
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 8,
no. 2, p. 11, pl. 8, figs. 8, 8a. Holotype: IGPS no. 22383

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia(Existing). Type locality: Imô, [Yahagi-mura], Kesen-gôri,prov. Rikuzen [currently Imo, Yahagi-cho, Rikuzentakata
City, Iwate Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kanokura
Formation. Geologic age: Middle Permian. Remarks: The
name of genus was originally spelled as Cenipecten, andis corrected.
Ctena hataii Masuda, 1966b
Plate 10, Figures 12a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 64, p. 325,
pl. 35, figs. 15–20. Holotype: IGPS no. 90729 (formerly
DGS no. 4524; Existing). IGPS no. 90865 (=formerly DGS
no. 4523) cited as the holotype by Ogasawara (2001)
is the paratype. Type locality: Loc. No. 30 (Masuda,
1966a), road side cutting near Koeiji Temple, Otani [sic,Otanimachi], Suzu City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Higashi-innai Formation. Geologic age: Miocene[latest Early Miocene].
Ctenodonta manchuriensis Endo, 1935
Plate 10, Figures 13a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 4, p. 197, pl. 14, figs. 7–8. Holotype: IGPS no. 55582(Existing). Type locality: In the black banded limestone
at the northern foot of San-len hill, near the Wu-hu-tsui
colliery, [Fuzhou County, Fengtian Province], Liaotung,Manchoukuo [currently Wafangdian, Dalian City, Liaoning
Province, China]. Stratigraphic unit: Kangyao Formation.
Geologic age: Early Ordovician.
Ctenodonta takahashii Endo, 1935
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no.
4, p. 196, pl. 14, figs. 1–6. Syntype: IGPS no. unknown(Missing). Type locality: In the black banded limestone
at the northern foot of San-leng hill, near the Wu-hu-tsui
colliery, [Fuzhou County, Fengtian Province], Liaotung,Manchuokuo [currently Wafangdian, Dalian City, Liaoning
Province, China]. Stratigraphic unit: Kangyao Formation.
Geologic age: Early Ordovician.
Cucullaea delicatostriata Yabe and Nagao, 1925
Plate 10, Figure 14
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 7,
no. 4, p. 113, pl. 28, fig. 1. Lectotype: IGPS no. 8555
(designated by Hayami, 1975; Existing). Type locality:
The Cape Khoi Bed, exposed along the sea-cliff 1 km S ofCape Khoi, near Alexandrovsk, north Saghalin [currently
Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky District, Sakhalin Oblast,Russia]. Stratigraphic unit: Werblud Group ("Cape Khoi
beds") in Alexandrovsk area. Geologic age: Cenomanian–Turonian, Cretaceous.

27

Cucullaea ezoensis Yabe and Nagao, 1928
Plate 10, Figure 15
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
3, p. 81, pl. 16, figs. 1–3. Syntypes: IGPS nos. 22601,
22611 (Existing). Type locality: Futamatano-sawa, Miruto,[Kurisawa-mura], Sorachi-gun, province of Ishikari[currently Kurisawacho, Iwamizawa City, Hokkaido].
Stratigraphic unit: Mikasa Formation. Geologic age:
Cenomanian–Turonian, Cretaceous.
Cucullaea iriomotensis Masuda and Sato, 1988
S aito Ho-on Kai Spec. Pub., no. 2 (Prof. T. Kotaka
Commem. Vol.), p. 442, pl. 1, figs. 3–7. Holotype: IGPS
no. 99713 (Missing). Type locality: Sea cliff at Nishizaki,
about 1 km NW of Nakano, Taketomi-cho, Iriomote-jima,[Yaeyama-gun], Okinawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Iriomote Formation. Geologic age: early Middle Miocene[latest Early–earliest Middle Miocene].
Cucullaea nipponica Nagao, 1928b
Plate 11, Figures 1a–c
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 25, pl. 6, figs. 1, 1a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 35999(Existing). Type locality: Western sea cliff, about 400 m
W of the primary school at Ipponmatsu, Iô-jima, Iô-jimamura, Nishisonogi-gun [currently Nagasaki City], Nagasaki
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Funatsu Formation.
Geologic age: Eocene [Late Eocene].
Cultellus? brevis Nagao, 1928a
Plate 11, Figure 2
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no. 3,
p. 114, pl. 22, fig. 1. Holotype: IGPS no. 35788 (Existing).
Type locality: Koyagi-jima, [Koyagi-mura], Nishisonogigun, Province of Hizen [currently Koyagimachi, Nagasaki
City, Nagasaki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: “Upper
Orthaulax japonicus Zone” [=Futagojima Formation].
Geologic age: Eocene [early Middle Eocene].
Cultellus? leguminoides Nagao, 1928b
Plate 11, Figure 3
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 84, pl. 4, fig. 21. Holotype: IGPS no. 36447 (Existing).
Type locality: Iô-jima, off Nagasaki [Iojima-mura],
Nishisonogi-gun [currently Iojimamachi, Nagasaki City],
Province of Hizen [Nagasaki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Iôjima Beds [Funatsu Formation]. Geologic age:
Eocene [Late Eocene].
Cyclina (Cyclina) asagaiensis Kamada, 1952
Plate 11, Figures 4a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 6, p. 169,

28

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubarapl. 15, fig. 3a–c. Holotype: IGPS no. 72955 (Existing).
Type locality: IGPS loc. no. Fs-11, in the Ômachi
abandoned shaft of the Joban Coal Mining Co., N of
Takasaka, Uchigô-machi, Iwaki-gun [currently Uchigotakasakamachi, Iwaki City], Fukushima Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Asagai Formation. Geologic age:
Oligocene [Early Oligocene].
Cyclina compressa Nagao, 1928b
Plate 11, Figure 5
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no. 1, p.
76, pl. 10, fig. 11. Holotype: IGPS no. 36415 (Existing). Type
locality: Ôbô, Arita-machi [currently Arita-cho], Nishimatsuuragun, Province of Hizen [Saga Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit:
Kishima Beds [Kishima Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene[latest Late Eocene–earliest Early Oligocene].
Cyclina (Cyclina) japonica Kamada, 1952
Plate 11, Figures 6a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 6, p. 168, pl.
15, figs. 1a–b, 2 [non fig. 4; =Cyclina (Cyclina) jobanica(Yokoyama, 1924), fide Kamada, 1962]. Holotype: IGPS
no. 72952 (Existing). Type locality: IGPS loc. no. Iw-3
(Kamada, 1952), 200 m W of Tokunari, Machino-machi,
Fugeshi-gun [currently Machinomachi, Wajima City],
Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Higashi-innai
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Cyclina? nodai Nagao, 1928b
Plate 11, Figures 7a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 75, pl. 7, figs. 19, 20, 26. Holotype: IGPS no.
36442 (Existing). Type locality: The Namazuta Mine near
Iizuka-machi, Kaho-gun [currently Iizuka City], Provinceof Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit:
Namazuta Fossil Bed [=Honso Formation]. Geologic age:
Eocene [Middle Eocene].
Cyclina (Cyclina) umbonata Kotaka and Noda, 1977
Plate 11, Figure 8
Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia, vol. 18, p. 141, pl. 25, fig.
15. Holotype: IGPS no. 95090 (Existing). Type locality:
Road-side cliff, about 500 m S of Amuntay, [Tagkawayan
Municipality, Province of Quezon], western part ofthe Bondoc Peninsula, Philippines. Stratigraphic unit:“Gumaca Formation”. Geologic age: Miocene.
Cyclocardia fujinaensis Ogasawara and Nomura, 1980
Plate 11, Figure 9
P rof. S. Kanno Mem. Vol., p. 90, pl. 9, figs. 11a–17.
Holotype: IGPS no. 96024 (Existing). Type Locality: Loc.
no. Fj-10 (Ogasawara and Nomura, 1980), road sidecliff about 400 m E of Shinji Station of National Railway,
Shinji-cho, Yatsuka-gun [currently Shinjicho, Matsue City],
Shimane Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Fujina Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [late Middle Miocene].
Cyrena mirabilis Nagao, 1928b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 52 (42), pl. 7, fig. 27. Holotype: IGPS no. unknown(Missing). Although Ogasawara (2001) cited the holotype
as IGPS no. 36264, it is the paratypes. Type Locality:
Iwaya Mine, Kiuragi-mura, Higashimatsura-gun [sic,Higashimatsuura-gun] [currently Iwaya, Kyuragimachi,
Karatsu City], Saga Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Yoshinotani Beds [Yoshinotani Formation]. Geologic age:
Oligocene [Late Eocene].
Cyrena otsukai Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao andShimizu, 1926
Plate 11, Figures 10–13
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
2, p. 50, pl. 13, figs. 20–24. Syntypes: IGPS nos. 22453,
22476 (Existing). Type Locality: Bômekizawa, Ohinata[mura] [currently Sakuho-machi], Minamisaku-gun, Provinceof Shinano [Nagano Prefecture]; Kagikake, Ohinatamura [currently Kagikakezawa, Ohinata, Sakuho-machi],Minamisaku-gun, Province of Shinano [Nagano Prefecture];
and Shiroi, Ueno-mura, Tano-gun, Province of Kôzuke
[Gumma Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Shiroi Group [Shiroi
Formation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous].
Cyrena (Batissa) ponderosa Nagao, 1928a
Plate 5, Figures 29a–b; Plate 6, Figure 1
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
3, p. 108, pl. 20, figs. 10, 30, pl. 21, fig. 21, pl. 22, figs.
16–19. Syntypes: IGPS nos. 35685, 35691, 35708, 35709,
35777, 35811, 35812 (Existing). Type locality: Urakoshi,
Oniki-mura, Amakusa-Shimo-shima [currently Onikimachi, Ushibuka City, Kumamoto Prefecture]; Kakize
Mine, Takashima off Nagasaki, province of Hizen [currently
Takashimacho, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture];Kôyagi-jima off Nagasaki, province of Hizen [currently
Kouyagi-machi, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Toishi Beds [Toishi Formation]; Hashima
Beds [Hashima Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene [early
Middle Eocene]. Remarks: Suzuki (1941) proposed Batissa
nagaoi as nom. nov. for Cyrena (Batissa) ponderosa
Nagao, 1928a because the latter name is a primary juniorhomonym of Cyrena ponderosa Prime, 1860.
Cyrena radiatostriata Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao
and Shimizu, 1926
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
2, p. 51, pl. 12, figs. 29–35. Lectotype: IGPS no. 35523(designated by Hayami, 1965b; Missing). Type locality:
Hachimanzawa [currently Kagahara, Kanna-machi], Tanogun, Province of Kôzuke [Gumma Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Shiroi Group [Sebayashi Formation]. Geologic age:
Cretaceous [late Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian)].
Cyrena shiroiensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao andShimizu, 1926
Plate 11, Figures 14–16
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no. 2,
p. 52, pl. 14, figs. 4–6, 19, 20, 22, 25. Syntypes: IGPS no.
22451 (Existing). Type locality: Bômekizawa, Ohinata[-mura],
Saku-machi [currently Sakuho-machi], Minamisaku-gun,[Nagano Prefecture], Province of Shinano; and Shiroi, Uenomura, Tano-gun, Province of Kôzuke [Gumma Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Shiroi Group [Shiroi Formation]. Geologic
age: Cretaceous (early Early Cretaceous].
Cyrena shiroiensis var. alata Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe,
Nagao and Shimizu, 1926
Plate 11, Figures 17–19
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
2, p. 53, pl. 13, fig. 26, pl. 14, figs. 15, 28. Syntypes: IGPS
nos. 22443, 22447 (Existing). Type locality: Shiroi, Uenomura, Tano-gun, Province of Kôzuke [Gumma Prefecture];
and Bômekizawa, Ohinata[-mura], Saku-machi [currently
Sakuho-machi], Minamisaku-gun, Province of Shinano[Nagano Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Shiroi Group[Sebayashi and Shiroi formations]. Geologic age:
Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous].
Daonella densisulcata Yabe and Shimizu, 1927
Plate 11, Figure 20
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 11,
no. 2, p. 124, pl. 12, fig. 9a. Holotype: IGPS no. 7571
(Existing). Type locality: Zôhôin near Sakawa, Provinceof Tosa [currently Ko, Sakawa-cho, Takaoka-gun, Kochi
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Zohoin Group [KochigataniGroup]. Geologic age: Ladinian, Triassic.
Daonella densisulcata var. subquadrata Yabe andShimizu, 1927
Plate 11, Figure 21
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 11,
no. 2, p. 124, pl. 12, fig. 8. Holotype: IGPS no. 7890
(Existing). Type locality: Zôhôin near Sakawa, Provinceof Tosa [currently Ko, Sakawa-cho, Takaoka-gun, Kochi
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Zohoin Group [KochigataniGroup]. Geologic age: Ladinian, Triassic.

29

Daonella kotoi var. alta Yabe and Shimizu, 1927
Plate 11, Figure 22
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 11,
no. 2, p. 122, pl. 12, fig. 10. Holotype: IGPS no. 5298
(Existing). Type locality: Zôhôin near Sakawa, Provinceof Tosa [currently Ko, Sakawa-cho, Takaoka-gun, Kochi
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Zohoin Group [KochigataniGroup]. Geologic age: Ladinian, Triassic.
Daonella kotoi var. multistriata Yabe and Shimizu, 1927
Plate 11, Figures 23–24
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 11, no. 2,
p. 123, pl. 11, figs. 12, 14, pl. 13, fig. 11. Syntypes: IGPS nos.
22998, 7892, 35278 (Existing). Type locality: Railway cuttings
NE of the Rifu Station, Okinoi (IGPS no. 22998), Yawata,
Tagajô-mura [currently Tagajo City]; NE of Rifu Station (IGPS
no. 7892) and Hamada (IGPS no. 35278), Rifu-mura [currently
Rifu-cho], Miyagi-gun, Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Rifu Formation. Geologic age: Ladinian, Triassic.
Diplodonta confusa Nagao, 1928b
Plate 11, Figure 25
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 60, pl. 10, figs. 8, 10, 10a. Holotype: IGPS no. 36351(Existing). Type locality: Asakawa, Shimagô-mura, Ongagun [currently Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu City], Privince of
Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Yamaga
Beds [Yamaga Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene.
Diplodonta? problematica Nagao, 1928a
Plate 11, Figure 26
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
3, p. 110, pl. 22, figs. 4, 4a. Lectotype: IGPS no. 35827(designated by Hatai and Nisiyama, 1952; Existing).
Type locality: Mirokudake [=Jiromaru-dake], AmakusaKamishima, Amakusa-gun [currently Matsushimamachi,
Kamiamakusa City], Kumamoto Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: “Lower Orthaulax japonicus Zone” [=Fukuregi
Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene [early Middle Eocene].
Dosinia chikuzenensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 11, Figure 27
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 64, pl. 10, fig. 5. Holotype: IGPS no. 36277(Existing). Type locality: Sakamizu, Shimagô-mura, Ongagun [currently Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu City], Province of
Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Sakamizu
Beds [Sakamizu Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene.
Dosinia ettyuensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1939 [“1938”]
Plate 11, Figure 28
J apan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 16, nos. 1–2, p. 150,

30

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

pl. 9, fig. 4. Holotype: IGPS no. 62429 (Existing). Type
locality: A cliff of the Zintu-gawa [=Jintsû-gawa] at Zyônô[=Jônô], Sugihara-mura, Nei-gun, Ettyû Province [currently
Jônô, Yatsuomachi, Toyama City, Toyama Prefecture]
Stratigraphic unit: Zyônô Beds [=Otogawa Formation].
Geologic age: Pliocene [Late Miocene].
Dosinia (Phacosoma) hataii Masuda, 1963
Plate 12, Figures 1a–c
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 49, p. 34, pl.
6, figs. 1a–2. Holotype: IGPS no. 72476 (Existing). Type
locality: Hattomaki, Hanawa-machi, Higashishirakawagun, Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kubota
Formation. Geologic age: Middle Miocene [Late Miocene].
Dosinia (Kaneharaia) kaneharai fujinaensis Masuda, 1967
Plate 12, Figure 2
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 36, p. 24, pl. 1, fig.
9, pl. 2, fig. 3. Holotype: IGPS no. 90888 (Existing). Type
locality: S of Morinoko [sic, Mominoko], Fujina, Tamayumachi [sic, Tamayu-cho], Yatsuka-gun [currently Tamayucho,
Matsue City], Shimane Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Fujina
Formation. Geologic age: Middle Miocene.
Dosinia (Kaneharaia) kannoi Masuda, 1963
Plate 12, Figures 3a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 49, p.
35, pl. 6, figs. 6a–b, 7a–b. Holotype: IGPS no. 64682(Existing). Type locality: Kinseidô, Kinshôdô, Eihokumen, Kisshu-gun, Kankyô-hokudo [currently Yonpuk, Kiljugun, Hamgyongpuk-to], North Korea. Stratigraphic unit:
Heiroku Formation. Geologic age: Early Miocene [latest
Early–earliest Middle Miocene].
Dosinia (Phacosoma) okinawaensis Masuda and Sato, 1988
S aito Ho-on Kai Spec. Pub., no. 2 (Prof. T. Kotaka
Commem. Vol.), p. 446, pl. 3, figs. 12–17. Holotype: IGPS
no. 99716 (Missing). Type locality: Sea cliff at Nishizaki,
about 1 km NW of Nakano, Taketomi-cho, Iriomote-jima,[Yaeyama-gun], Okinawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Iriomote Formation. Geologic age: early Middle Miocene[latest Early–earliest Middle Miocene].
Dosinia tatunokutiensis Nomura, 1938
Plate 12, Figures 4a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 19, no.
2, p. 256, pl. 34, figs. 2–6, pl. 35, fig. 11a, b. Holotype:
IGPS no. 15944 (Existing). Type locality: Gôroku cliff along
the right bank of the Hirosegawa-River, western borderof Sendai [Gôroku, Hirose-mura, Miyagi-gun] [currently
Gôroku, Aoba-ku, Sendai City], Miyagi Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Tatunokuti Shell Bed [=Tatsunokuchi

Formation]. Geologic age: Early Pliocene [latest Late
Miocene–earliest Early Pliocene].
Ennucula praenipponica Kamada, 1962
Plate 12, Figures 5a–c
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 42, pl. 1, figs.
8–11. Holotype: IGPS no. 79375 (Existing). Type locality:
Hieda, Shimokajiro, Ena-machi [currently Nagasaki], Iwaki
City, Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Honya
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [Early Miocene].
Entomonotis kurosawai Sakaguti, 1939
Jub. Publ. Commem. Prof. H. Yabe 60th Birthday, vol.
1, p. 229, pl. 15, figs. 1–6. Syntypes: IGPS no. unknown(Missing). Type locality: Nisi-Togaki, Hosoura [currently
Shizugawa, Minamisanriku-cho], Motoyosi-gun, Miyagi
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Saragai beds [Saragai
Group]. Geologic age: Norian, Triassic. Remarks: The
name of genus was originally spelled as Entomotis, and iscorrected.
Ezocallista kurodae Kamada, 1962
Plate 12, Figures 6a–b
P alaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap.,, no. 8, p. 110, pl.
12, figs. 1a–3. Holotype: IGPS no. 79384 (Existing).
Type locality: Karasawa, Kuroda, Tabito-mura [currently
Tabitomachi, Iwaki City], Fukushima Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Iwaki Formation. Geologic age:
Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–earliest Early Oligocene].
Fimbria yaeyamaensis Masuda and Sato, 1988
S aito Ho-on Kai Spec. Pub., no. 2 (Prof. T. Kotaka
Commem. Vol.), p. 445, pl. 3, figs. 7, 8. Holotype: IGPS
no. 99714 (Missing). Type locality: Sea cliff at Nishizaki,
about 1 km NW of Nakano, Taketomi-cho, Iriomote-jima,[Yaeyama-gun], Okinawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Iriomote Formation. Geologic age: early Middle Miocene[latest Early–earliest Middle Miocene].
Fortipecten kuroishiensis Kotaka and Noda, 1967
Plate 13, Figure 1
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 36, p. 40, pl. 1, fig.
21. Holotype: IGPS no. 90767 (Existing). Type locality:
Loc. no. 10 (Kotaka and Noda, 1967), downstream of the
Karasuzawa Dam of Nakano-gawa, [Okawara], Kuroishi
City, Aomori Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Ogawara
Formation. Geologic age: Middle Natotian [Late Miocene].
Gafrarium (Circe) hanzawai Nomura and Zinbô, 1936
Plate 13, Figures 2a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 18,
no. 3, p. 245, pl. 11, figs. 14a–15b. Holotype: IGPS no.

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
51348 (Existing). Type locality: Gabusoga, Haneji-mura,
Kunigami-gun [currently Nago City], Okinawa Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Simaziri Beds [=Haneji Formation.
Geologic age: Early Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Gari (Gari) pitogoensis Kotaka and Noda, 1977
Plate 13, Figure 3
Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia, vol. 18, p. 145, pl. 25,
fig. 8. Holotype: IGPS no. 95086 (Existing). Type locality:
Road-side cliff, about 500 m S of Amuntay, [Tagkawayan
Municipality, Province of Quezon], western part ofthe Bondoc Peninsula, Philippines. Stratigraphic unit:“Gumaca Formation”. Geologic age: Miocene.
Gervillia shinanoensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao
and Shimizu, 1926
Plate 13, Figure 4
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no. 2, p.
59, pl. 14, figs. 17, 18. Syntypes: IGPS no. 22507 (Existing).
Type locality: Kagikake and Bômekizawa, Ohinata[-mura][currently Ohinata, Sakuho-machi], Minamisaku-gun,
Province of Shinano [Nagano Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Shiroi Group [=Ishido Formation]. Geologic age:
Cretaceous [early Early Cretaceous].
Glans naomiae Masuda, 1966b
Plate 13, Figures 5a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 64, p. 325,
pl. 35, figs. 13a–14. Holotype: IGPS no. 90181 (formerly
DGS no. 4517; Existing). Type locality: Loc. No. 35(Masuda, 1966a), sea coast, about 500 m N of the outletof the Fushimi-gawa, Konami, [Misakimachi], Suzu City,
Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Higashi-innai
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene.
Gloripallium izurense Masuda, 1958aPlate 13, Figure 6
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 31, p. 227,
pl. 32, figs. 4–5b. Holotype: IGPS no. 90541 (formerly
DGS no. 3577; Existing). Type locality: Izura, Ôtsumachi [sic, Otsucho], Kitaibaraki City, Ibaraki Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Kokozura Formation. Geologic age:
Miocene [latest Early Miocene]. Remarks: The name of
species was originally spelled as izurensis. However, thecorrected original spelling should be izurense because
Gloripallium is a neuter noun.
Glycimeris altoumbonata Nagao, 1928b
Plate 13, Figure 7
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 28, pl. 3, fig. 14. Holotype: IGPS no. 36013(Existing). Type locality: Hôshuyama Mine, Hôshuyama-

31

mura [currently Tôhô-mura], Asakura-gun, Province of
Chikuzei [Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Doshi
Beds [=Doshiyama Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene.
Remarks: The original spelling of the genus name is anerror for Glycymeris.
Glycimeris amakusensis Nagao, 1930
Plate 13, Figures 8–10
Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 1, no. 1, p.
15, pl. 2, figs. 4–7. Syntypes: IGPS no. 42727 (Existing).
Type locality: Wadanohana, Takado-mura, Amakusa-Kamishima [Amakusa-gun] [currently Takado, Ryugatakemachi,
Kamiamakusa City, Kumamoto Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Himenoura Group. Geologic age: Coniacian–Santonian, Cretaceous. Remarks: The original spelling of
the genus name is an error for Glycymeris.
Glycimeris cisshuensis var. compressa Nagao, 1928b
Plate 13, Figures 11a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 30, pl. 3, figs. 25, 25a–c. Holotype: IGPS no. 36001(Existing). Type locality: Sakamizu, Shimagô-mura, Ongagun, Province of Chikuzen [currently An'ya, Wakamatsuku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Wakita Beds [Waita Formation]. Geologic age:
Oligocene. Remarks: The original spelling of the genus
name is an error for Glycymeris. Although this name isa secondary junior homonym of Glycymeris compressa(Weller, 1907), a new replacement name is unnecessary,
because it is synonymous with Glycymeris (Veletuceta)
cisshuensis (Makiyama, 1926). Glycymeris compressa
Kanno, 1956 [non Weller, 1907, nec Nagao, 1928b], wasrenamed as Glycymeris kannoi Matsukuma, 1979.
Glycymeris gorokuensis Nomura, 1938
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 19, no.
2, p. 246, pl. 33, figs. 12–14. Holotype: IGPS no. 16142(Missing). Type locality: Gôroku cliff along the right bankof the Hirosegawa-River, [Gôroku, Hirose-mura, Miyagigun] [currently Gôroku, Aoba-ku, Sendai City], Miyagi
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Tatunokuti Shell Bed[=Tatsunokuchi Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [latest
Late Miocene–earliest Early Pliocene].
Glycymeris hanzawai Nomura and Zinbô, 1934
Plate 13, Figures 12a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, p.
152 (44), pl. 5 (1), fig. 3a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 50196(Existing). Type locality: Plateaux area near Kamikatetu,
Kikai-zima, [Kikai-cho, Oshima-gun], Kagoshima
Prefecture. Lithostratigraphic unit: “Ryûkyû Limestone”.
Geologic age: Pleistocene.

32

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Glycymeris iriomotensis Masuda and Sato, 1988
S aito Ho-on Kai Spec. Pub., no. 2 (Prof. T. Kotaka
Commem. Vol.), p. 443, pl. 1, figs. 8–14. Holotype: IGPS
no. 99712 (Missing). Type locality: Sea cliff at Nishizaki,
about 1 km NW of Nakano, Taketomi-cho, Iriomote-jima,[Yaeyama-gun], Okinawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Iriomote Formation. Geologic age: early Middle Miocene[latest Early–earliest Middle Miocene].
Glycymeris nakosoensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949
Plate 13, Figures 13a–b
Jour. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 88, pl. 25, figs. 15, 16.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72502 (Existing). Type locality: A
small cliff in front of the dormitory of the Nippon Coal
Mining Company, Nakoso-machi, Iwaki-gun [currently
Nakosomachi, Iwaki City], Fukushima Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Iwaki Formation. Geologic age:
Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–earliest Early Oligocene].
Glycymeris nozokiensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1951
Plate 13, Figure 14
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 21, p. 1. Figs. 1, 2.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72883 (Existing). Type locality: Road
side cutting on the main highway about 500 m S of the
Nozoki Primary School, Nozoki-mura [currently Nozoki,
Mamurogawa-machi, Mogami-gun], Yamagata Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Nozoki Formation. Geologic age:
Miocene [early Middle Miocene].
Glycymeris ogawaraensis Kotaka and Noda, 1967
Plate 13, Figure 15
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 36, p. 38, pl. 2, fig.
1. Holotype: IGPS no. 90739 (Existing). Type locality:
Loc. no. 10 (Kotaka and Noda, 1967), down stream of
the Karasuzawa Dam of the Nakanogawa, Ogawara [sic,Okawara], Kuroishi City, Aomori Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Ogawara Formation. Geologic age: “Middle Natorian”[Late Miocene].
Glycymeris oshimaensis Noda, 1962b
Plate 13, Figure 16
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 34, no. 3, p.
229, pl. 16, fig. 8. Holotype: IGPS no. 79057 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. No. 924 (Noda, 1962b), road sidecliff, about 300 m E of the pass between Oshima andHosono, Matsunoyama-machi [sic, between Oshimamura and Yasuzuka-machi], Higashikubiki-gun [currently
between Kamitate, Oshimaku and Hosono, Yasuzukaku,
Joetsu City], Niigata Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kubiki
Formation. Geologic age: Middle Miocene.

Glycymeris rhynconelloides Nomura and Hatai, 1939[“1938”]
Plate 13, Figure 17
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 16, nos. 1–2, p. 5, pl. 1,
fig. 6. Holotype: IGPS no. 60022 (Existing). Type locality:
Husina [sic, Huzina][=Fujina], Tamayu-mura Yatuka-gun[=Yatsuka-gun], Izumo [currently Tamayumachi, Matsue
City, Shimane Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Izumo
Neogene [=Fujina Formation]. Geologic age: Middle
Miocene. Remarks: Matsukuma and Okamoto (1986)
regarded this species as nomen dubium because theholotype is poorly preserved.
Glycymeris subpectiniformis Nomura and Zinbô, 1934
Plate 13, Figures 18a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, p.
151 (43), pl. 5 (1), fig. 2a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 50200(Existing). Type locality: Plateaux area near Kamikatetu,
Kikai-zima, [Kikai-cho, Oshima-gun], Kagoshima
Prefecture. Lithostratigraphic unit: “Ryûkyû Limestone”.
Geologic age: Pleistocene.
Glycymeris yamaguchii Hayasaka, 1956
Plate 13, Figures 19a–b
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 25, p. 16, pl. 2, figs.
1a–2c. Holotype: IGPS no. 77373 (Existing). Type locality:
Loc. No. 1 (Hayasaka, 1956), cliff of the Takasegawa
River west of Takakura, about 5 km SW of the Namiemachi Railroad Station on the Joban Line, Namie-machi,
Futaba-gun, Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Ishiguma Formation. Geologic age: Pliocene.
Grammatodon yokoyamai Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe,
Nagao and Shimizu, 1926
Plate 13, Figure 20
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9,
no. 2, p. 44, pl. 12, figs. 12–13, 25. Lectotype: IGPS no.
22555 (designated by Hayami, 1965a; Existing). Type
locality: Ishidô, near Ohinata[-mura] [currently Ishidô,Ôhinata, Sakuho-machi], Minamisaku-gun, Nagano
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Ishidô Group [IshidôFormation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [late Early–early
Late Cretaceous].
Halicardia akitaensis Ogasawara and Takayasu, 1982
Plate 13, Figures 21a–b
Venus, vol. 41, no. 3, p. 199, pl. 1, fig. 1a–f. Holotype:
IGPS no. 96013 (Existing). Originally cited as “monotype”.
Type locality: A road-side cliff about 500 m downstream
from Fudotaki (water-fall), Iwami-Sannai, Kawabe-machi,
Kawabe-gun [currently Kurosawa, Taihei, Akita City], Akita
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Sunakobuchi Formation.

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
Geologic age: late Early–early Middle Miocene.
Halicardia miyagiensis Fujiwara, 1992
Plate 13, Figures 22a–b
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Nat. Hist. Res. Bull., no. 60, p. 9,
figs. 1–4. Holotype: IGPS no. 101555 (Existing). Type
locality: Nishino-iri, Tomiya-cho [sic, Tomiya-machi],
Kurokawa-gun, Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Nanakita Formation. Geologic age: late Late Miocene.
Homomya? dubia Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao andShimizu, 1926
Plate 14, Figures 1–3
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no. 2.
p. 55, pl. 12, figs. 11, 39, pl. 14, fig. 1. Syntypes: IGPS no.
22505 (Existing). Type locality: Hachimanzawa [currently
Kagahara, Kanna-machi], Tano-gun, Province of Kôzuke
[Gumma Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Shiroi Group[Sebayashi Formation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [lateEarly Cretaceous (Albian–Aptian)].
Horiopleura yaegashii Yehara, 1920
Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 27, no. 321, p. 41, pl. 1, figs.
1–3, pl. 2, figs. 1–3. Syntypes: IGPS nos. 22348, 22349(Missing). Type locality: Moshi, Iwaizumi [currently Omoto,
Iwaizumi-cho] and Hiraiga, Tanohata-mura, Shimoheigun, Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Miyako Group.
Geologic age: Aptian, Cretaceous.
Inoceramus balticus var. toyajoanus Nagao andMatumoto, 1940
Plate 14, Figure 4
Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 6, no. 1,
p. 20, pl. 9, fig. 3. Lectotype: IGPS no. 4540 (designatedby Matsumoto in Takai and Matsumoto, 1961; Existing).
Type locality: Toyazyô, Province of Kii [currently Toyajo,
Aridagawa-cho, Arida-gun, Wakayama Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Toyajo Formation. Geologic age:
Santonian–Camapanian, Cretaceous.
Inoceramus concentricus var. nipponicus Nagao andMatumoto, 1939
Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 4, nos.
3–4, p. 267, pl. 24, fig. 2, pl. 25, figs. 1–6. Lectotype: IGPS
no. 58017? (designated by Pergament, 1966; Missing).
Type locality: Ugoizawa, a tributary of the Naibuti [sic,Ugui-zawa, Naibuchi] [Ochiai-machi, Sakaehama-gun,
Karafuto Prefecture], south Sakhalin, [currently Nayba
River, Bykov, Dolinsky District, Sakhalin Oblast], Russia.
Stratigraphic unit: Middle Yezo Group. Geologic age:
Cenomanian–Turonian, Cretaceous.

33

Inoceramus pedalionoides Nagao and Matumoto, 1939
ex Inai (MS)Plate 14, Figure 5
Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 4, nos. 3–4,
p. 277, pl. 26, figs. 8, 9. Syntype: IGPS no. 22720 (Existing).
Type locality: Pombetu, [Mikasayama-mura, Sorachi-gun],
Province of Ishikari [currently Mikasa City], Hokkaido.
Stratigraphic unit: Middle Yezo Group to lowest part of theUpper Yezo Group. Geologic age: Turonian, Cretaceous.
Inoceramus yabei Nagao and Matumoto, 1940
Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 4, nos. 3–4,
pl. 34, figs. 5–7 [nomen nudum]; Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido
Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1, pl. 1, figs. 1–6.
Lectotype: IGPS no. 22685 (designated by Matsumoto andHarada, 1964; Missing). Type locality: Ikusyunbetu district,
Province of Isikari [currently Ikushumbetsu, Mikasa City],
Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Mikasa Formation. Geologic
age: Cenomanian–Turonian, Cretaceous.
Isognomon (Isognomon) hataii Noda and Furuichi, 1972
Plate 14, Figure 6
Venus, vol. 31, no. 3, p. 120, text-fig. 1. Holotype:
IGPS no. 91766 (Existing). Type locality: W of Abuzaki,[Teshima], Tonosho-cho, Shozu-gun, Kagawa Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Teshima Formation. Geologic age:
Miocene [Late Eocene].
Katelysia (Nipponomarcia) endoi Hatai and Kotaka, 1952
Plate 14, Figure 7
Short Pap. Inst. Geol. Paleont., Tôhoku Univ., no. 4, p.
84, pl. 7, fig. 25. Holotype: IGPS no. 74341 (Existing).
Type locality: Paiponchon, Shinsoruton, San-u-nanmyon,
Myonchon District, Hamukyon-pukuton, Korea [currently
Hwasong-gun, Hamgyongpuk-to, North Korea].
Stratigraphic unit: Heiroku Formation Geologic age: Early
Miocene [latest Early–earliest Middle Miocene]
Leptochondria? hataii Murata, 1973
Plate 14, Figure 8
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), Spec. Vol., no.
6 (Prof. K. Hatai Memorial Vol.), p. 273, pl. 29, figs. 1–3.
Holotype: IGPS no. 92661 (Existing). Type locality: Hikado,
Motoyoshi-cho, Motoyoshi-gun [currently Motoyoshicho,
Kesennuma City], Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Osawa Formation. Geologic age: Scythian, Triassic.
Leukomoides nipponicus Ogasawara, 1976
Plate 14, Figure 9
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 46, no. 2, p.
52, pl. 11, figs. 3, 4. Holotype: IGPS no. 95190 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. no. Su-3 (Ogasawara, 1976), small

34

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

road side cutting, about 1000 m W from Futamata-machi,
Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Sunakozaka Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early
Miocene]. Remarks: The present species is a type speciesof Leukomoides Ogasawara, 1976 (by original designation).
Lima amaxensis var. kumasoana Nagao, 1928a
Plate 14, Figures 10a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
3, p. 104, pl. 20, figs. 31, 31a, 32. Lectotype: IGPS no.
35808 (designated by Hatai and Nisiyama, 1952; Existing).
Type locality: Amakusa-Shimoshima, precise locality
being unknown (probably cliff behind houses immediately
W of the main road, about 450 m NW of the contact
point of the main road and the road at Imada, Itchodamura, Amakusa-gun [currently Kawauramachi, Amakusa
City], Kumamoto Prefecture: Hatai and Nisiyama, 1952).
Stratigraphic unit: Sakasegawa Formation. Geologic age:
Eocene [Late Eocene].
Lima eocenica Nagao, 1928a
Plate 14, Figure 11
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
3, p.105, pl. 21, figs. 1–3. Lectotype: IGPS no. 35817(designated by Hatai and Nisiyama, 1952; Existing). Type
locality: Cliff behind the house immediately W of the mainroad about 450 m NW of the contact point of the mainroad at Imada, Itchoda-mura, Amakusa-Shimoshima,
Amakusa-gun [currently Kawauramachi, Amakusa City],
Kumamoto Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Sakasegawa
Formation. Geologic age: Eocene [Late Eocene].
Lima (Limatula) ishidoensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe,
Nagao and Shimizu, 1926
Plate 14, Figure 12
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
2, p. 60, pl. 14, figs. 7, 16. Lectotype: IGPS no. 22539(designated by Hayami, 1965a; Existing). Type locality:
Ishidô, near Ôhinata[-mura] [currently Ishidô, Ôhinata,
Sakuho-machi], Minamisaku-gun, Province of Shinano[Nagano Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Ishidô Group.
Geologic age: Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous].
Lima (Limea) limopsis Nomura and Zinbô, 1934
Plate 14, Figures 13a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 2, p. 154 (46), pl. 5 (1), figs. 11a–12b. Holotype:
IGPS no. 50368 (Existing). Type locality: Plateaux area
near Kamikatetu, Kikai-zima, [Kikai-cho, Oshima-gun],Kagoshima Prefecture. Lithostratigraphic unit: “Ryûkyû
Limestone”. Geologic age: Pleistocene.

Limatula sakoi Masuda and Katto, in Katto and Masuda,
1978
Plate 14, Figure 14
R es. Rep. Kochi Univ., Nat. Sci., vol. 27, p. 104, pl.
5, fig. 13. Holotype: IGPS no. 96073 (Existing). Type
locality: Loc. no. 9 (Katto and Masuda, 1978), sea coastof Uematsu, Kushimoto-cho, Nishimuro-gun [currently
Higashimuro-gun], Wakayama Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Uematsu Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [latest
Early–early Middle Miocene].
Limipecten bandoi Murata, 1969
Plate 14, Figures 15a–b
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 38, p. 18, pl. 4, fig.
1a–c. Holotype: IGPS no. 91384 (Existing). Type locality:
Nagahata [sic, Nakahata], Towa-cho, Tome-gun [currently
Tome City], Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: The lower
part of Toyoma Formation. Geologic age: Late Permian.
Lioconcha tosana Nomura, 1937
Plate 15, Figures 1a–b
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 14, nos. 3–4, p. 82, pl. 6,
fig. 14a–b. Holotype: IGPS no. 54674 (Existing). Type
locality: Tônohama, Yasuda-mura [sic, Yasuda-cho], Akigun, Kôti [=Kochi] Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: "Tosa
Pliocene" [=Ananai Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene[latest Late Pliocene–early Early Pleistocene].
Lithophaga otukai Nomura and Hatai 1936
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 10, p. 211, text-figs.
1–3. Holotype: IGPS no. 62437 (fide Hatai and Nisiyama,
1939 [“1938”]; (Missing). Type locality: Southeast valleyof Siratori, Nisatai-mura, Ninohe-gun, Mutu [=Mutsu]
Province [currently Shiratori, Ninohe City, Iwate
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Lower Kadonosawa Series[=Tate Sandstone Member of Kadonosawa Formation].
Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Loripes tonohamanus Nomura, 1937
Plate 15, Figures 2a–b
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 14, nos. 3–4, p. 82, pl.
6, fig. 5a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 54645 (Existing). Type
locality: Tônohama, Yasuda-mura [sic, Yasuda-cho], Akigun, Kôti [=Kochi] Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: "Tosa
Pliocene" [=Ananai Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene[latest Late Pliocene–earliest Early Pleistocene]. Remarks:
Although the name of species was originally spelled as
tonohamana, it should be corrected as tonohamanus
because Loripes is a musculine noun.
Lucina kunigamiensis Nomura and Zinbô, 1936
Plate 15, Figures 3a–b

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia35

 ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 18,
S
no. 3, p. 241, pl. 11, figs. 10a–11b. Holotype: IGPS no.
51350 (Existing). Type locality: Gabusoga, Haneji-mura,
Kunigami-gun, Okinawa-jima [currently Nago City], Okinawa
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Simaziri Beds [=HanejiFormation]. Geologic age: Early Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].

(Existing; broken). Type locality: Station no. 12 (Nomura,1933), 700 or 800 m NE of Hakushaton, Koryu-sho,
Chikunan-gun, Shinchiku-shu [currently Baishaton,
Baidong Village, Tongsiao Township, Miaoli County],
Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli
Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].

Lucinoma otukai Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949
Plate 15, Figures 4a–b
Jour. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 91, pl. 24, fig. 10.
H olotype: IGPS no. 72501 (Existing). Type locality:
F u k u d a , S e k i m o t o - m u r a , Ta g a - g u n [ c u r r e n t l y
Sekimotocho, Kitaibaraki City], Ibaraki Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Kamenoo Formation. Geologic age:
Miocene [Early Miocene]. Remarks: This species is ajunior synonym of Lucinoma kamenooensis (Otuka, 1943).

Macoma hokiensis Akutsu, 1964
Plate 15, Figure 9
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 3, p.
287, pl. 60, fig. 8. Holotype: IGPS no. 85512 (Existing).
Type locality: Along the Hôki River, Sekiya, Shiobaramachi, Shioya-gun [currently Nasushiobara City], Tochigi
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene]. Remarks: This
species is synonymous with Rexithaerus sectior (Oyama,1950) (Amano et al., 1999).

Lucinopsis? boshihoensis Nomura, 1933
Plate 15, Figures 5a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 1, p. 98, pl. 2, fig. 17a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 48007(Existing). Type locality: Station no. 13 (Nomura, 1933),
Bôshiho, Shiko-shô, Byôritsu-gun, Shinchiku-shû [currently
Maozihbu, Wuhwu Village, Shihwu Township, Miaoli
County], Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds
[Miaoli Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Lucinopsis kosuiensis Nomura, 1933
Plate 15, Figure 6
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 1, p. 99 (no indication). Holotype: IGPS no. 48001(Existing; broken). Type locality: Kôsui, Hokuseikwa,
Tsûshô-shô, Byôritsu-gun, Shinchiku-shû [currently
Peishihwo, Fulong Village, Tongsiao Township, Miaoli
County], Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds
[Miaoli Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Macoma (Macoma) atsunaiensis Honda, 1988
Plate 15, Figures 7a–b
S aito Ho-on Kai Spec. Pub., no. 2, (Prof. T. Kotaka
Commem. Vol.), p. 360, pl. 2, figs. 1–6. Holotype: IGPS
no. 97106-2 (Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. AN-20(Honda, 1988), about 4.5 km NNE from Onbetsu-machi,
upper stream of the Shakubetsu-gawa, Onbetsu-machi[sic, Onbetsu-cho], Shiranuka-gun [currently Onbetsucho,
Kushiro City], Kushiro Province, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic
unit: Atsunai Formation. Geologic age: Middle Miocene.
Macoma hakushatonensis Nomura, 1933
Plate 15, Figures 8a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 1, p. 103, pl. 1, fig. 6a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 48589

Macoma yamadai Nagao, 1928b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 81, pl. 6, fig. 3. Holotype: IGPS no. unknown(Missing). Type locality: Third Namazuta Mine near Iizukamachi, Kaho-gun [currently Iizuka City], Province of Hizen[Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Namazuta Fossil
Bed [=Honso Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene [Middle
Eocene].
Macrocallista ariakensis Nagao, 1928a
Plate 15, Figure 10
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
3, p. 112, pl. 18, fig. 16, pl. 20, figs. 26–29. Lectotype:
IGPS no. 35758 (designated by Hatai and Nisiyama,
1952; Existing). Type locality: Akase, Ôda-mura, Utogun, Province of Hizen [currently Akasemachi, Uto
City, Kumamoto Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: “Lower
Orthaulax japonicus Zone” [=Fukuregi Formation].
Geologic age: Eocene [early Middle Eocene].
Macrocallista hanzawai Nagao, 1928b
Plate 15, Figure 11
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 69, pl. 13, fig. 7. Holotype: IGPS no. 36236 (Existing).
Type locality: Meinohama[-machi], Sawara-gun [currently
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka City], Province of Chikuzen [Fukuoka
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Meinohama Sandstone[Meinohama Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene.
Macrocallista kahoensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 15, Figures 12a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 67, pl. 11, fig. 8, 8a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 36389(Existing). Type locality: Third Namazuta Mine, near Iizuka-

36

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

machi, Kaho-gun [curently Iizuka City], Province of Chikuzen[Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Namazuta Fossil
Bed [=Honso Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene. Remarks:
Original incorrect spelling kahöensis is corrected.
Macrocallista matsuraensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 15, Figures 13a–c
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 66, pl. 11, figs. 7, 7a, b. Holotype: IGPS no.
36209 (Existing). Type locality: Pass-side cutting on theboundary between Oyama-mura and Arita-machi [currently
between Hiroseyama and Obo in Arita-cho], about 500
m NW of the shrine at Obo, Arita-machi [currently Aritacho], Nishimatsuura-gun, Saga Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Kishima Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene [latest
Eocene–earliest Oligocene].
Mactra (Spisula) asperaeformsis Nomura and Zinbô,
1934
Plate 15, Figures 14a–b
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol.
16, no. 2, p. 156 (48), pl. 5 (1), fig. 20a, b. Holotype:
IGPS no. 50396 (Existing). Type locality: Plateaux area
near Kamikatetu, Kikai-zima, [Kikai-cho, Oshima-gun],Kagoshima Prefecture. Lithostratigraphic unit: “Ryûkyû
Limestone”. Geologic age: Pleistocene.
Mactra nakayamaensis Kamada, 1962
Plate 15, Figures 15a–b
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap. no. 8, p. 123, pl. 14,
figs. 1, 2. Holotype: IGPS no. 79386 (Existing). Type
locality: W of Tatsuzawa, Iino, Taira City [currently Iwaki
City], Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Nakayama
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Mactra sulcataroides Akutsu, 1964
Plate 15, Figure 16
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 3, p.
286, pl. 59, fig. 5. Holotype: IGPS no. 85509 (Existing).
Type locality: Shimotokurazawa, Sekiya, Shiobaramachi, Shioya-gun [currently Nasushiobara City], Tochigi
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Margaritifera owadaensis Noda, 1970
Plate 15, Figures 17a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 77, p. 240,
pl. 25, fig. 3a–c. Holotype: IGPS no. 86893 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. No. 1 (Noda, 1970), exposure along the
National Road side near Owada, Rumoi City, Hokkaido.
Stratigraphic unit: Owada Formation. Geologic age:
Eocene.

Meretrix deguchii Hayasaka and Hayasaka, 1960
Plate 15, Figures 18a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 38, p. 267,
pl. 31, fig. 8a–b. Holotype: IGPS no. 77512 (Existing).
Type locality: Tungyüping in the Penghu Islands,[Dongping Village, Wang'an Township, Penghu County],
Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: “Sandstone bed”. Geologic
age: Pleistocene.
Meretrix meretrix ninohensis Hatai, 1940
Plate 15, Figures 19a–b
Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, vol. 10, no. 9, p. 128, pl. 1,
fig. 1. Holotype: IGPS no. 61351 (Existing). Type locality:
Yazawa, Nisatai-mura, Ninohe-gun [currently Nisatai,
Ninohe City], Iwate Prefecture. Lithostratigraphic unit:
Shiratori Beds [=Tate Sandstone Member of Kadonosawa
Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Meretrix pseudomeretrix Nagao, 1928b
Plate 15, Figure 20
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 65, pl. 9, figs. 7, 7a. Holotype: IGPS no. 36361(Existing). Ogasawara (2001) erronously stated IGPS no.
35381 as the holotype. Type locality: Wakita, Shimagômura, Onga-gun [currently Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu
City], Province of Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Wakita Beds [=Waita Formation].
Geologic age: Oligocene.
Meretrix tochigiensis Akutsu, 1964
Plate 15, Figures 21a–b
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no.
3, p. 285, pl. 60, figs. 1, 2. Holotype: IGPS no. 85507(Existing). Type locality: Cliff of the Hoki River, about 100
m down stream from Daikoku-iwa, Sekiya, Shiobaramachi, Shioya-gun [currently Nasushiobara City], Tochigi
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Miyagipecten matsumoriensis Masuda, 1952
Plate 16, Figures 1a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 8, p. 252,
pl. 24, figs. 4a–7b. Lectotype: IGPS no. 90690 (formerly
DGS 1015; designated by Masuda, 1957; Existing).
Type locality: The foot of the dam of the water reservoir
at Dôgasawa, about 700 m N of Matsumori, Nanakitamura, Miyagi-gun [currently Izumi-ku, Sendai City],
Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Nanakita Formation.
Geologic age: Middle Miocene [late Late Miocene].
Remarks: This species is a type species of Miyagipecten
Masuda, 1952 (by original designation).

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
Mizuhopecten kimurai kagaensis Ogasawara, 1976
Plate 16, Figure 2
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 46, no. 2,
p. 43, pl. 14, figs. 10, 17, pl. 15, figs. 8, 9, 12, 16, 18.
Holotype: IGPS no. 95012 (Existing). Type locality: Riverfloor of Sai-kawa, about 1000 m upstream, Omma Bridge[sic, Okuwa Bridge], Omma [sic, Okuwa], Kanazawa
City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Saikawa
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [Middle Miocene].
Mizuhopecten paraplebejus murataensis Masuda andTakegawa, 1965
Plate 16, Figures 3a–b
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 34, p. 10, pl. 1, figs.
7–10. Holotype: IGPS no. 90826 (formerly DGS no. 4681;
Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. 17 (Masuda and Takegawa,1965), road cliff at Nanamagari Pass, about 250 m SE of thejunction of two main roads at the boundary of Murata-machi
and Kawasaki-machi, Shibata-gun, Miyagi Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Fukuda Member of Kanagase Formation.
Geologic age: Middle Miocene [late Late Miocene].
Modiola? ishidoensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao
and Shimizu,1926
Plate 16, Figure 4
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
2, p. 63, pl. 13, fig. 42. Holotype: IGPS no. 8570 (Existing).
Tanaka and Toshimitsu (2003) erroneously stated IGPS
no. 8750 as the holotype. Type locality: Ishidô, nearÔhinata[-mura] [currently Ishido, Ohinata, Sakuho-machi],Minamisaku-gun, Province of Shinano [Nagano Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Ishidô Group [Ishido Formation].
Geologic age: Cretaceous [late Early Cretaceous].
Modiolus ezoensis Yabe and Nagao, 1928
Plate 16, Figures 5a–b
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9,
no. 3, p. 89, pl. 17, fig. 11. Holotype: IGPS no. 22627(Existing). Type locality: Washino-sawa, Horomui [currently
Kurisawacho, Iwamizawa City], Ishikari Province,
Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Mikasa Formation. Geologic
age: Cenomanian, Cretaceous.
Modiolus wanizakiensis Masuda, 1966b
Plate 16, Figures 6a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 64, p. 324,
pl. 35, figs. 8a–9. Holotype: IGPS no. 90180 (formerly
DGS no. 4510; Existing). Although Ogasawara (2001)
stated IGPS no. 90876 as the holotype, it is the paratype.
Type locality: Loc. No. 33 (Masuda, 1966a), road cuttingat Wanizaki, Suzu City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Higashi-innai Formation. Geologic age: Miocene.

37

Modiolus (Modiolatus) yasuhiroi Kamada, 1962
Plate 16, Figures 7a–b
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 72, pl. 3, figs.
13–14b. Holotype: IGPS no. 79379 (Existing). Type locality:
Numanouchi Harbor, Toyoma-machi, Taira City [currently
Numanouchi, Taira, Iwaki City], Fukushima Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Numanouchi Formation. Geologic age:
Miocene [latest Early–earliest Middle Miocene].
Monia denselineata Hatai, Masuda and Suzuki, 1961
Plate 16, Figures 8a–d
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 30, p. 26, pl. 2, figs.
1a–3. Holotype: IGPS no. 90505 (Existing). Type locality:
Loc. no. M 1 (Hatai et al., 1961), left cliff of Maekawa River,near the outlet of Maekawa, Chikagawa [sic, Nakanosawa],
Mutsu City, Aomori Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Hamada
Formation. Geologic age: Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Mya arenaria kitahukuokaensis Hatai, 1940
Plate 16, Figure 9
B ull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, vol. 10, no. 9, p. 131, pl.
1, fig. 9. Holotype: IGPS no. 61363 (Existing). Type
locality: Anaushi, Kitahukuoka-mati [sic, Ishikiridokoromura], Ninohe-gun [currently Ishikiridokoro, Ninohe City],
Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kadonosawa Beds
[Kadonosawa Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [earliest
Middle Miocene].
Mya convexa Noda, 1992
Plate 16, Figure 10
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 62, nos. 1–2,
p. 90, pl. 7, figs. 1–9. Holotype: IGPS no. 100877 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. no. SK11 (Noda, 1992), middle streamof the Chepotsunai River [=Chiebotsunai River], a tributaryof the Kotanbetsu River, Haboro-machi [sic, Kogawa,Tomamae-cho], [Tomamae-gun], Rumoi Province,
Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Lower part of Sankebetsu
Formation. Geologic age: Early Miocene [Late Eocene].
Remarks: The species name is preoccupied by Mya
convexa Wood, 1815 (Matsubara, 2016).
Myadora okadae Hatai and Masuda, 1960
Plate 16, Figures 11a–b
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 29, p. 33, figs. 1, 2.
Holotype: IGPS no. 90184 (Existing). Type locality: Road
side cutting south of Takada about 1 km NW of the junctionof the two roads at Moniwa, [Taihaku-ku], Sendai City,
Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Moniwa Formation.
Geologic age: Early Miocene [early Middle Miocene].
Myadora suzuensis Masuda, 1966b
Plate 17, Figure 1

38

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara rans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 64, p. 324, pl.
T35, figs. 10, 11. Holotype: IGPS no. 90776 (formerly DGS
no. 4513; Existing). IGPS no. 90777 cited as the holotype
by Ogasawara (2001) is the paratype. Type locality: Loc.
No. 24 (Masuda, 1966a), river cliff about 500 m E of Fujio,
Suzu City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Higashiinnai Formation. Geologic age: Early Miocene [latest Early
Miocene].
Myoconcha hamadaensis Yabe and Shimizu, 1927
Plate 17, Figure 2
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 11, no.
2, p. 134, pl. 13, figs. 13–16. Holotype: IGPS no. 35286(Existing). Type locality: Hamada, Rifu-mura [currently
Rifu-cho], Miyagi-gun, Province of Rikuzen [Miyagi
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Monophyllites Zone in Rifu
Formation. Geologic age: Ladinian, Triassic.
Myophoria japonica Hayasaka, 1925b
Plate 17, Figure 3
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 8, no. 2, p.
16, pl. 8, fig. 14. Lectotype: IGPS no. 22422 (designated by
Hanzawa et al., 1961; Existing). Type locality: Kinshô-zan,
near Akasaka-machi, prov. Mino [currently Akasakacho,
Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture]. Horizon: Kuro zone [Akasaka
Limestone]. Geologic age: Permian [Middle Permian].
Myophoria subelegans var. tobai Hayasaka, 1924
Plate 17, Figures 4–7
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 2, no. 4, p. 109, pl. 15, figs.
4–8. Syntypes: IGPS nos. 8403–8407 (Existing). Type
locality: Yahagi-mura, Kesen-gun, prov. Rikuzen [currently
Yahagicho, Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Upper Productus-limestone [Lower partof Kanokura Formation]. Geologic age: Lower Permian[Middle Permian]. Remarks: The species name wasoriginally spelled as sub-elegans.

erroneously cited IGPS no. 722503 as the holotype. Type
locality: Stream exposure slightly W of Ogawa, Kawabemura, Ishiki-gun [sic, Iwaki-gun] [currently Kawabemachi,
Iwaki City], Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Iwaki
Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–
earliest Early Oligocene].
Nemocardium (Keenaea) yoshidai Masuda andMiyasaka, 1994
Plate 17, Figure 10
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Nat. Hist., Res. Bull., no. 62, p. 1, pl.
1, figs. 1a–3b. Holotype: IGPS no. 102544 (Existing). Type
locality: Cliff along a small stream at Takinosawa, Osawagoshuku, Nishisenboku-machi, Senboku-gun [currently
Osawagoshuku, Daisen City], Akita Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Tentokuji Formation. Geologic age: Pliocene.
Neoburmesia iwakiensis Yabe and Sato, 1942
Plate 17, Figure 11
P roc. Imp. Acad., vol. 18, no. 5, p. 251, text-figs. 1–3.
Holotype: IGPS no. 65274 (Existing). Type locality: 1.5 km
W Koike, Kami-mano-mura, Soma-gun [currently Koike,
Kashima-ku, Minamisoma City], Hukushima [Fukushima]
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Torinosu limestone[Nakanosawa Formation in Soma area]. Geologic age: Upper
Jurassic [Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous)].
Nicaniella (Trautscholdia) nagaoi Matsubara, 2016
Plate 17, Figures 12a–b
Bull. Tohoku Univ. Mus., no. 15, p. 107. Holotype: IGPS
no. 66425 (Existing). Type locality: Southern coast ofHiraiga Inlet, Tanohata-mura, Shimohei-gun, Iwate
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Hiraiga Formation. Geologic
age: Early Cretaceous.

Mytilus haboroensis Noda, 1992
Plate 17, Figure 8
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 62, nos.
1–2, p. 61, pl. 3, figs. 12a–13. Holotype: IGPS no. 100727(Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. SS2 (Noda, 1992), upperstream of the Mosetakinai River, Haboro-machi [sic, Sakae,
Shosanbetsu-mura], Tomamae-gun, Rumoi Province,
Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Lower part of Sankebetsu
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [Late Eocene].

Nipponopagia ommaensis Ogasawara, 1977
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 47, no.
2, p. 126, pl. 15, figs. 4, 6, 8, pl. 16, fig. 3. Holotype:
IGPS no. 95072 (Missing). Type locality: Loc. no. KO-22(Ogasawara, 1977); cliff, distant from the road, 300 m W
of Kaminakamachi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Omma Formation. Geologic age:
Pliocene [Early Pleistocene]. Remarks: The present
species is a type species of Nipponopagia Ogasawara,
1977 (by original designation). However, it is thought to bea junior synonym of Macoma (Macoma) middendorffi Dall,
1884 (Petrov, 1982; Amano, 1996).

Mytilus ogawaensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949
Plate 17, Figure 9
J our. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 89, pl. 24, fig. 17.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72503 (Existing). Ogasawara (2001)

Noetia nagaoi MacNeil, 1938
Plate 17, Figure 13
U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., 189-A, p. 30, pl. 4, figs. 19–21.
Holotype: IGPS no. 36012 (Existing). Type locality: The

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
Hoshuyama Mine (about 200 m S of the bridge at E of
Kawamagari, and about 600 m W of the village office) at
Daigyoji, Hoshuyama-mura [currently Toho-mura], Asakuragun, Fukuoka Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Doshi Formation.
Geologic age: Upper Eocene. Remarks: Proposed as nom.
nov. for Arca (Noetia) pondaungensis var. transversa
Nagao, 1928b, non Arca transversa Say, 1822.
Nucula fukasawaensis Akutsu, 1964
Plate 17, Figure 14
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 3, p.
282, pl. 59, fig. 1. Holotype: IGPS no. 85500 (Existing). Type
locality: Fukasawa, about 1.8 km upstream from Kanezawa,
Shiobara-machi, Shioya-gun [currently Nasushiobara City],
Tochigi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Nucula hizenensis Nagao, 1928b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 19, pl. 7, figs. 18, 18a. Holotype: IGPS no.
35985 (Missing). Type locality: Okino-shima, Iôjima-mura,Nishisonogi-gun [currently Iojimamachi, Nagasaki City],
Province of Hizen [Nagasaki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Okino-shima Beds [Okinoshima Formation]. Geologic
age: Eocene [late Middle Eocene].
Nucula (Acila) hokkaidoensis Nagao, 1932
Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 2, no.
1, p. 28, pl. 5, figs. 17–18. Holotype: IGPS no. 6421
(Missing). Type locality: A point about 100 m S of thejunction of the Abeshinai with its tributary Sakai River[currenly Nakagawa-cho, Nakagawa-gun], Teshio
Province, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Upper Ammonite
Beds [Middle Yezo Group and Upper Yezo Group in
Teshio area]. Geologic age: Upper Cretaceous [Turonian–Campanian [Santonian], Cretaceous].
Nucula ishidoensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao andShimizu, 1926
Plate 17, Figures 15a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
2, p. 41, pl. 13, figs. 46, 47. Syntypes: IGPS no. 7125
(Existing). Type locality: Ishidô, near Ôhinata [currently
Ishidô, Ôhinata, Sakuho-machi, Minamisaku-gun, Provinceof Shinano [Nagano Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: IshidôGroup [Ishidô Formation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [Early
Cretaceous (late Neocomian)].
Nucula karatsuensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 17, Figure 16
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 20, pl. 7, fig. 17. Holotype: IGPS no. 35988 (Existing).

39

Type locality: Obô near Arita-machi, Nishimatsura-gun [sic,Nishimatsuura-gun], Province of Hizen [Saga Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Kishima Beds [Kishima Formation].
Geologic age: Oligocene [latest Eocene–earliest Oligocene].
Nucula kokozuraensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949
Plate 17, Figures 17a–b
J our. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 87, pl. 25, figs. 1–5.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72507 (Existing). Type locality: A
small cliff in front of the grocery store at the northern
entrance of Kokozura, Nakoso-machi, Ishiki-gun [sic,Iwaki-gun] [currently Nakosomachi, Iwaki City], Fukushima
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kokozura Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Nucula (Acila) mirabilis var. ashiyaensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 17, Figures 18a–c
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 21, pl. 7, figs. 6–7 , 10 [non figs. 8, 9; =Acila(Truncacila) nagaoi Oyama and Mizuno, 1958]. Holotype:
IGPS no. 35981 (Existing). Type locality: Taya, Ashiyamachi, Onga-gun, Province of Chikuzen [Fukuoka
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Yamaga Beds [Yamaga
Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene.
Nucula (Ennucula) omagariensis Honda, 1989
Plate 17, Figure 19
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 60, no. 1, p.
58, pl. 1, figs. 5, 7–9, 11, 12. Holotype: IGPS no. 955761 (Existing). Type locality: OM-6 (Honda, 1989), roadsidecliff along the Taron-no-sawa, a tributary of the Rushingawa, Urahoro-machi [sic, Urahoro-cho], Tokachi-gun,
Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Omagari Formation. Geologic
age: Oligocene.
Nucula (Nucula) shiroyamaensis Noda, 1962b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 34, no. 3,
p. 226, pl. 16, fig. 7. Holotype: IGPS no. 79061 (Missing).
Type locality: Loc. No. 480 (Noda, 1962b), upstream of
the Shirono-sawa, a tributary from the Shibumi River,facing the northern slope of the Uragawara-mura [sic,Matsudai-machi], Higashikubiki-gun [currently Murono,
Tokamachi City], Niigata Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Nitta Formation. Geologic age: Early Pliocene.
Nuculana (Nuculana) karihaensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949
Plate 17, Figures 20a–c
J our. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 87, pl. 24, figs. 3, 4.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72633 (Existing). Type locality: Bridge
leading to Takayanagi, Ishiguro-mura, Kariha-gun [sic,Kariwa-gun] [currently Ishiguro, Takayanagicho, Kashiwa
zaki City], Niigata Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Ishiguro40Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Nuculana (Nuculana) matsukuchiensis Noda, 1962b
Plate 17, Figure 21
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 34, no.
3, p. 227, pl. 16, figs. 4a–5. Holotype: IGPS no. 79059(Existing). Type locality: Loc. No. 80 (Noda, 1962b),
Bed of the Esudo River, about 400 m N of the bridge
between Mioke and Matsukuchi, Matsunoyama-machi,
Higashikubiki-gun [currently Matsunoyama, Tokamachi
City], Niigata Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Nitta
Formation. Geologic age: Early Pliocene.
Nuculana sanchuensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao
and Shimizu, 1926
Plate 17, Figures 22–24
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
2, p. 42, pl. 12, figs. 21–23. Syntypes: IGPS no. 7115
(Existing). Type locality: Ishidô, near Ôhinata [currently
Ishidô, Ôhinata, Sakuho-machi, Minamisaku-gun],
Province of Shinano [Nagano Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Ishidô Group [Ishidô Formation]. Geologic age:
Cretaceous [Early Cretaceous].
Nuculites kimurai Hayasaka, 1925a
Plate 17, Figures 25a–c
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 3, no. 2, p. 49, pl. 6, figs. 4–7.
Holotype: IGPS no. 22418 (Existing). Type locality: Myôjinyama, Ogachi, Jyûgohama-mura, Monô-gun, prov. Rikuzen[currently Ogatsucho, Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Ogachi slate [Toyoma Formation].
Geologic age: Upper Paleozoic [Upper Permian].
Nuttallia uchigoensis Kamada, 1962
Plate 17, Figures 26a–b
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 127, pl. 14,
fig. 4a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 79387 (Existing). Type
locality: Goten, Uchigo City [currently Uchigo, Iwaki
City], Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Asagai
Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene [Early Oligocene].
Ostrea cassis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 18, Figure 1
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 6, 6a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 36031(Existing). Type locality: Kôyagi-jima, [Kôyagi-mura,Nishisonogi-gun] [currently Koyagimachi, Nagasaki City],
Province of Hizen [Nagasaki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Okinoshima Beds [Okinoshima Formation]. Geologic
age: Eocene [Middle Eocene].

Ostrea kahoensis Nagao, 1928b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no. 1, p.
33, pl. 6, fig. 2. Holotype: IGPS unregistered (Missing). Type
locality: The Tadakuma Mine near Iizuka-machi, Provinceof Chikuzen [currently Iizuka City, Fukuoka Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Namazuta Fossil Beds [=Honso
Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene [Middle Eocene].
Ostrea lunaeformis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 18, Figure 2
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 35, pl. 4, fig. 28. Holotype: IGPS no. 36039(Existing). Type locality: Yanagi, Taira-mura, Nishisonogigun [currently Taira, Oosetocho, Saikai City], Province ofHizen [Nagasaki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kakinoura
Beds [Kakinoura Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene[latest Late Eocene–earliest Early Oligocene].
Ostrea sakitoensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 18, Figures 3a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 34, pl. 5, figs. 17, 17a. Holotype: IGPS no. 36053(Existing). Type locality: Kaminoura-jima [sic, Kakinourashima], Province of Hizen [currently Kakinourago,
Sakitocho, Saikai City, Nagasaki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Itanoura Beds [Itanoura Formation]. Geologic age:
Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–earliest Early Oligocene].
Ostrea (Ostrea) yokoyamai Kamada, 1962
Plate 18, Figure 4
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 68, pl. 4, fig.
1. Holotype: IGPS no. 79378 (Existing). Type locality:
In the Yumoto-Gokô, Joban Coal-mine, Yumotomachi,
Joban City [currently Joban-Yumotomachi, Iwaki City],
Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Iwaki Formation.
Geologic age: Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–earliest
Early Oligocene]. Remarks: This species is considered
as a junior synonym of Ostrea eorivularis Oyama andMizuno, 1958 (Honda, 1989).
Oxyperas okinawaensis Masuda and Sato, 1988
S aito Ho-on Kai Spec. Pub., no. 2 (Prof. T. Kotaka
Commem. Vol.), p. 446, pl. 4, figs. 6–14. Holotype: IGPS
no. 99715 (Missing). Type locality: Sea cliff at Nishizaki,
about 1 km NW of Nakano, Taketomi-cho, [Yaeyama-gun],Iriomote-jima, Okinawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Iriomote Formation. Geologic age: early Middle Miocene[latest Early –early Middle Miocene].
Palaeoneilo ogachiensis Hayasaka, 1925aJapan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 3, no. 2, p. 51, pl. 6, figs.
8–12. Syntypes: IGPS unregistered (Missing). Type

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
locality: Myôjin-yama, Ogachi, Jyûgohama-mura, Monôgun, prov. Rikuzen [currently Ogatsucho, Ishinomaki
City, Miyagi Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Ogachi slate[Toyoma Formation]. Geologic age: Upper Paleozoic[Upper Permian].
Panomya izumo Nomura and Hatai, 1939 [“1938”]
Plate 18, Figures 5a–b
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 16, nos. 1–2, p. 6, pl. 1, fig.
2a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 51884 (Existing). Type locality:
Husina [sic, Fujina], Tamanoyu-mura [sic, Tamayumura], Yatuka-gun [=Yatsuka-gun], Izumo [currently
Fujina, Tamayumachi, Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Izumo Neogene [=Fujina Formation].
Geologic age: Middle Miocene.
Panope kanomatazawaensis Akutsu, 1964
Plate 18, Figure 6
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no.
3, p. 288, pl. 60, figs. 3a–5. Holotype: IGPS no. 85513(Existing). Type locality: A tributary of the Kanomatazawa
valley, cliff of the Hoki River, opposite side of the
Hokigawa Electric Power Station, Sekiya, Shiobaramachi, Shioya-gun [currently Nasushiobara City], Tochigi
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Panope kanomatazawaensis fudozawaensis Akutsu, 1964
Plate 18, Figure 7
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 3, p.
288, pl. 60, fig. 7. Holotype: IGPS no. 85514 (Existing).
Type locality: Fudozawa, about 2 km upstream from theentrance of the valley, Fukuwata, Shiobara-machi, Shioyagun [currently Nasushiobara City], Tochigi Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa Formation. Geologic
age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Panopea nomurae Kamada, 1962
Plate 18, Figure 8
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 135, pl. 16,
figs. 9a–12. Holotype: IGPS no. 79395 (Existing). Type
locality: Numanouchi Harbor, Toyoma-machi, Taira City
[currently Numanouchi, Taira, Iwaki City], Fukushima
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Numanouchi Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early–earliest Middle
Miocene]. Remarks: The present species is a juniorsynonym of Panopea tyugokuensis (Otuka, 1941)(Matsubara, 2011).
Paphia (Paphia) euglypta ohiroi Masuda, 1966b
Plate 18, Figure 9
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 64, p. 326,

41

pl. 35, figs. 22, 23. Holotype: IGPS no. 90735 (formerly
DGS no. 4527; Existing). Ogasawara (2001) erroneously
cited IGPS no. 90736 as the holotype. Type locality: Loc.
no. 38 (Masuda, 1966a), small exposure near the stream,
about 300 m S of Sotonoyama [currently Sotoyama,Otanimachi], Suzu City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Higashi-innai Formation. Geologic age: Early
Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Paphia shimotsukensis Akutsu, 1964
Plate 18, Figure 10
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 3, p.
286, pl. 59, fig. 3. Holotype: IGPS no. 85508 (Existing).
Type locality: Cliff of the Hoki River, Sekiya, Shiobaramachi, Shioya-gun [currently Nasushiobara City], Tochigi
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Paphia (Paphia) suzuensis Masuda, 1966b
Plate 18, Figure 11
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 64, p. 327, pl.
35, figs. 24, 25. Holotype: IGPS no. 90086 (formerly DGS
no. 4530; Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. 30 (Masuda,
1966a), road side cutting near Koeiji Temple, Otani[machi],Suzu City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Higashiinnai Formation. Geologic age: Early Miocene [latest Early
Miocene].
Parallelodon obsoletiformis Hayasaka, 1925b
Plate 18, Figures 12a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 8, no. 2,
p. 18, pl. 8, figs. 15, 16, 16a. Lectotype: IGPS no. 22392(designated by Hanzawa et al., 1961; Existing). Type
locality: Kinshô-zan, Akasaka-machi, prov. Mino [currently
Akasakacho, Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Kuro zone [Akasaka Limestone]. Geologic age:
Permian [Middle Permian].
Parapholas satoi Nagao, 1928b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 88, pl. 6, figs. 6, 6a, 7. Holotype: IGPS unregistered(Missing). Type locality: Meinohama, Meinohama-machi,
Sawara-gun [currently Nishi-ku, Fukuoka City], Provinceof Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit:
Meinohama Beds [Meinohama Formation]. Geologic age:
Oligocene.
Patinopecten ibaragiensis Masuda, 1953b
Plate 19, Figure 1
Short Pap. Inst. Geol. Paleont. Tohôku Univ., no. 5, p.
44, pl. 5, figs. 1–5, pl. 6, figs. 1–5. Holotype: IGPS no.
90698 (formerly DGS no. 1031; Existing). Type locality:

42

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Cliff below the Sukegawa Gas Company, [Higashicho],
Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Hitachi
Formation. Geologic age: Late Miocene [Early Pliocene].
Remarks: This species is synonymous with Mizuhopecten
planicostulatus (Nomura and Niino, 1932) (Tanaka andAmano, 1997).
Patinopecten kagamianus moniwaensis Masuda, 1958b
Plate 19, Figure 2
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 32, p. 276,
pl. 41, figs. 3–6b. Holotype: IGPS no. 90700 (formerly
DGS no. 3506; Existing). Type locality: Moniwa, [Taihakuku], Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Moniwa Formation. Geologic age: Early Miocene [early
Middle Miocene].
Patinopecten kimurai nakosoensis Masuda, 1960
Plate 19, Figure 3
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 38, p. 256, pl.
29, figs. 2, 3. Holotype: IGPS no. 90581 (formerly DGS no.
1930; Existing). Type locality: Road-side cliff at Kokozura,
Nakoso City [currently Nakosomachi, Iwaki City], Fukushima
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kokozura Formation. Geologic
age: Middle Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Patinopecten kimurai yudaensis Masuda, 1960
Plate 19, Figure 4
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 38, p. 256,
pl. 30, figs. 1, 2. Holotype: IGPS no. 90661 (formerly
DGS no. 1936; Existing). Type locality: Right river sideof Mabechi-gawa at Yuda, Kintaichi-mura, Ninohegun [currently Kintaichi, Ninohe City], Iwate Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Shiratori Formation [=Tate Sandstone
Member of Kadonosawa Formation]. Geologic age: Early
Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Patinopecten kobiyamai Kamada, 1954
Plate 19, Figures 5a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 15, p. 174, pl.
23, figs. 1a–3b. Holotype: IGPS no. 72963 (Existing). Type
locality: IGPS loc. no. Fs-23, about 500 m E of Nakayama,
Ono-mura, Iwaki-gun [currently Yotsukuramachi, Iwaki
City], Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kabeya
Formation [=Honya Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene[late Early Miocene].
Patinopecten (Kotorapecten) naganoensis Masuda, 1962aPlate 19, Figure 6; Plate 20, Figure 1
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no.
2, p. 219, pl. 25, fig. 1a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 90547(formerly DGS no. 3888; Existing). Type locality: Floor of asmall tributary of the Dojiri River, Shiroshita [sic, Joshita],

Nakajo-mura, Kamiminochi-gun [currently Nakajo, Nagano
City], Nagano Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Shigarami
Formation. Geologic age: Late Miocene [Early Pliocene].
Patinopecten nakajimai Masuda, 1954b
Plate 20, Figures 2a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 15, p. 159,
pl. 21, figs. 1a–5. Holotype: IGPS no. 90580 (formerly
DGS no. 1063; Existing). Ogasawara (2001) erroneously
cited the holotype as IGPS no. 95080. Type locality:
River cliff of Natori-gawa near the Akiu Car-line Station at
Kita-Akaishi, Oide-mura, Natori-gun [currently Moniwa,
Taihaku-ku, Sendai City], Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Moniwa Formation. Geologic age: Early Miocene[early Middle Miocene]. Remarks: This species is ajunior synonym of Nipponopecten akihoensis Saga, in
Matsumoto, 1930 (Sato, 1991; Matsubara et al., 2014).
Patinopecten poculum tsudae Noda, 1962b
Plate 20, Figures 3a–b
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 34, no. 3, p.
228, pl. 16, figs. 1–3. Holotype: IGPS no. 79062 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. No. 1061-c (Noda, 1962b), cliff of theHigashi River, about 250 m S of a junction with Etsudo
and Higashi Rivers, Matsunoyama-machi, Higashikubikigun [Matsunoyama, Tokamachi City], Niigata Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Higashigawa Formation. Geologic age:
Middle Pliocene.
Patinopecten (Patinopecten) tokyoensis hokurikuensis
Masuda, 1962aPlate 20, Figure 4
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2,
p. 211, pl. 25, fig. 6, pl. 27, figs. 6, 7. Holotype: IGPS no.
13430 (Existing). Type locality: Road-side cliff near the
Sai River, about 400 m SE of the contact point of the tworoads at Onma-machi [currently Okuwamachi], Kanazawa
City, Ishikawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Onma [Omma]
Formation. Geologic age: Pliocene [ealry Pleistocene].
Remarks: This subspecies is a junior synonym ofPatinopecten (Patinopecten) tokyoensis hokurikuensis
Akiyama, 1962, as noted by Masuda (1962a: p. 238).
Patinopecten yamasakii kintaichiensis Masuda, 1958cPlate 20, Figure 5
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 27, p. 47, pl. 4, figs.
3a–4. Holotype: IGPS no. 90715 (formerly DGS no. 3610;
Existing). Type locality: Entrance to the eastern valley
running parallel with the Kamiyama-zawa, Kintaichimura, Ninohe-gun [currently Kintaichi, Ninohe City],
Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Suenomatsuyama
Formation [Tomesaki Formation]. Geologic age:

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
Late Miocene [early Middle Miocene]. Remarks: The
present species is a junior synonym of Masudapecten
iwasakiensis (Nomura, 1935) (Masuda et al., 1994).
Patinopecten yamasakii ninohensis Masuda, 1954a
Plate 20, Figure 6
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 23, p. 13, figs. 1a–3.
Holotype: IGPS no. 90684 (formerly DGS no. 2532;
Existing). Type locality: River floor of Shiratorizawa [sic,Shiratorigawa] in Fukuoka-machi, Ninohe-gun [currently
Fukuoka, Ninohe City], Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Suenomatsuyama Formation. Geologic age: Late
Miocene [earliest Middle Miocene]. Remarks: IGPS no.
90683 given by Ogasawara (2001) is incorrect.
Patinopecten (Patinopecten) yessoensis
nakatonbetsuensis Masuda, 1962aPlate 20, Figure 7
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd. Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no.
2, p. 214, pl. 24, fig. 4. Holotype: IGPS no. 90662(formerly DGS no. 3899; Existing). Type locality:
Asahidai, Nakatonbetsu-machi [sic, Nakatonbetsu-cho],Esashi-gun, Kitami Province, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic
unit: Nakatonbetsu Formation. Geologic age: Late
Miocene [Middle Miocene]. Remarks: This taxon isa junior synonym of Patinopecten (Patinopecten)
nakatombetsuensis Akiyama, 1962 ex Masuda (MS),as noted by Masuda (1962a: p. 238).
Patinopecten (Patinopecten) yessoensis yokoyamae
Masuda, 1962aPlate 21, Figure 1
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2, p.
215, pl. 25, figs. 2, 3, pl. 26, fig. 7, pl. 27, fig. 12. Holotype:
IGPS no. 90543 (formerly DGS 3836; Existing). Type locality:
Left cliff of the Chikagawa River, about 200 m from the sea
shore at Chikagawa [sic, Nakachikagawa, Nakanosawa],
Mutsu City, Aomori Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Hamada
Formation. Geologic age: Pliocene [Ealry Pleistocene].
Pecten (Pseudamusium) akihoensis Saga, in
Matsumoto, 1930
Plate 21, Figures 2a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 13,
no. 3, p. 106, pl. 40, figs. 7, 8. Neotype: IGPS no. 90586(formerly DGS 1001, designated by Masuda, 1952;
Existing). Matsumoto’s (1930) syntypes are missing(Masuda, 1952). Type locality: 100 m W of the Kumanodoshrine, Takadate-mura [currently Takadate-Kumanodo,
Natori City], Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Moniwa
Formation. Geologic age: Late Miocene [early Middle
Miocene]. Remarks: Originally spelled as akihoënsis

43(Matsumoto, 1930).
Pecten (Chlamys) ashiyaensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 21, Figure 3
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol.
12, no. 1, p. 39, pl. 9, figs. 2, 2a. Holotype: IGPS no.
36448 (Existing). Type locality: Yamaga, Ashiya-machi,
Onga-gun, Province of Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Yamaga Formation. Geologic age:
Oligocene [latest Early–earliest Late Oligocene].
Pecten (Chlamys) ashiyaensis var. denselineatus Nagao,
1928b
Plate 21, Figure 4
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 40, pl. 8, fig. 9. Holotype: IGPS no. 36437 (Existing).
Type locality: Kaminoura-jima, [Sakito-mura, Nishisonogigun], Province of Hizen [currently Kakinourago, Sakitocho,
Saikai City, Nagasaki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit:
Itanoura Beds [Itanoura Formation]. Geologic age:
Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–earliest Early Oligocene].
Pecten (Vola) byoritsuensis Nomura, 1933
Plate 21, Figure 5
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 1, p. 57, pl. 1, figs. 4a–5b. Holotype: IGPS no. 45001(Existing). Type locality: The upper course of Sairyôkyô,Sanchin-shô, Tainan-shu [currently Yseiliao Bridge,
Yseiliao, Ronghe Village, Tsuochen District, Tainan City],
Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli
Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Pecten (Propeamussium) cowperi var. yubarensis Yabe
and Nagao, 1928
Plate 21, Figure 6
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., vol. 9, no. 3, p. 88, pl. 16,
figs. 17–19. Holotype: IGPS no. 22599 (Existing). Type
locality: Pankemo-yubari, Oyubari, Yubari-gun [currently
Pankemoyuparo River, Kashima-shirogane, Yubari City],
Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Middle Yezo Group andUpper Yezo Group in various areas of Hokkaido. Geologic
age: Cenomanian–Campanian, Cretaceous.
Pecten (Aequipecten) gabusogaensis Nomura andZinbô, 1936
Plate 21, Figure 7
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 18, no. 3, p.
236, pl. 11, figs. 3a–4b. Holotype: IGPS no. 51321 (Existing).
Type locality: Gabusoga, Haneji-mura, Kunigami-gun[currently Nago City], Okinawa-jima, Okinawa Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Simaziri Beds [=Haneji Formation].
Geologic age: Early Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].

44

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Pecten (Decadopecten) izuensis Nomura and Niino, 1932
Plate 21, Figures 8–12
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 15, no.
3, p. 179, pl. 11, figs. 9–13. Syntypes: IGPS no. 44583(Existing). Type locality: Nagata, Shirahama-mura, Kamogun, Province of Izu [currently Shirahama, Shimoda
City, Shizuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Shrahama
Shell-Beds of Shirahama Group [Shirahama Formation].
Geologic age: Miocene [Pliocene].
Pecten (Chlamys) kagamianus miyagiensis Nakamura,
1940a
Plate 21, Figure 13
J apan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 17, nos. 1–2, p. 10,
pl. 2, fig. 4. Holotype: IGPS no. 61336 (Existing).
Type locality: Ôtutumi [=Otsutsumi], Miyatoko-mura[currently Miyatoko, Taiwa-cho], Kurokawa-gun, Miyagi
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Ôtutumi Beds [=Otsutsumi
Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [early Late Miocene].
Remarks: The present subspecies is a junior synonymof Nanaochlamys notoensis otutumiensis (Nomura andHatai, 1937) (e.g. Masuda, 1962a; Sato, 1991).
Pecten (Pecten) kakisakiensis Nomura and Niino, 1932
Plate 21, Figures 14–15
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 15,
no. 3, p. 177, pl. 12, figs. 3, 4. Syntypes: IGPS no. 44582(Existing). Type locality: Kakisaki, Hamasaki-mura [sic,Hamazaki-mura], Kamo-gun, Province of Izu [currently
Kakisaki, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Shirahama Shell-Beds of Shirahama Group [Shirahama
Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [Pliocene]. Remarks:
The present species is synonymous with Mimachlamys
satoi (Yokoyama, 1928) (e.g. Masuda, 1962a).
Pecten (Aequipecten) kikaiensis Nomura and Zinbô, 1934
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 2, p. 153 (45), pl. 5 (1), fig. 9a, b. Holotype: IGPS
no. 50357? (Missing). Type locality: Plateaux area
near Kamikatetu, Kikai-zima, [Kikai-cho, Oshima-gun],Kagoshima Prefecture. Lithostratigraphic unit: “Ryûkyû
Limestone”. Geologic age: Pleistocene.
Pecten (Patinopecten) kimurai matumoriensis
Nakamura, 1940a
Plate 22, Figures 1a–b
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 17, nos. 1–2, p. 13, pl.
1, figs. 1, 2, pl. 2, figs. 1–3. Syntypes: IGPS no. 61335(Existing). Type locality: Matumori [=Matsumori], Nanakitamura, Miyagi-gun [currently Matsumori, Izumi-ku, Sendai
City], Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Nanakita Beds
[Nanakita Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [late Late

Miocene].
Pecten kyushuensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 22, Figure 2
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 37, pl. 8, figs. 1, 1a. Holotype: IGPS no. 36459(Existing). IGPS no. 36450 cited by Ogasawara (2001) isincorrect. Type locality: Wakita, Shimagô-mura, Onga-gun[currently Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu City], Province of
Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Wakita
Beds [=Waita Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene.
Pecten (Swiftopecten) nanakitaensis Nakamura, 1940b
Plate 22, Figure 3
Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 47, no. 561, p. 264, text-fig. 1.
Holotype: IGPS 61334 (Existing). Type locality: Southernslope of Dôniwayama, Nenosiroisi-mura [=Nenoshiroishimura], Miyagi-gun [currently Nenoshiroishi, Izumiku, Sendai City], Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Nanakita Beds [=Nanakita Formation]. Geologic age:
Miocene [late Late Miocene]. Remarks: This species is ajunior synonym of “Gloripallium” crassivenium (Yokoyama,1929) (Masuda, 1958a).
Pecten (Patinopecten) planicostulatus Nomura andNiino, 1932
Plate 22, Figure 4
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 15,
no. 3, p. 177, pl. 11, figs. 2–5. Syntypes: IGPS no.
44584 (Existing). Type locality: Ichiyama, Yugashimamura [sic, Kamikano-mura], Tagata-gun, Province of Izu[currently Izu City, Shizuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit:
Shirahama Shell-Beds of Shirahama Group [Shirahama
Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [Pliocene].
Pecten (Chlamys) sakitoensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 22, Figure 5
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 37, pl. 17, figs. 37, 38. Holotype: IGPS no.
36438 (Existing). Ogasawara (2001) erroneously cited
IGPS no. 3638 as the holotype. Type locality: Itanoura,
Seto-mura, Nishisonogi-gun [currently Itanourago, Seto,
Osetomachi, Saikai City], Province of Chikuzen [Nagasaki
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Itanoura Formation.
Geologic age: Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–earliest
Early Oligocene].
Pecten (Pecten) shirahamaensis Nomura and Niino,
1932
Plate 22, Figures 6a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 15, no.
3, p. 175, pl. 12, figs. 5, 5a. Holotype: IGPS no. 44587

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

45(Existing). Type locality: Nagata, Shirahama-mura, Kamogun, Province of Izu [currently Shirahama, Shimoda
City, Shizuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Shirahama
Shell-Beds of Shirahama Group [Shirahama Formation].
Geologic age: Miocene [Pliocene].

no. 3, p. 82, pl. 17, fig. 22. Holotype: IGPS no. 22613(Existing). Type locality: Ponhorokabetsu [Ponporokabetsu
River], Yubari-machi, Yubari-gun [currently Yubari City],
Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Mikasa Group in Yubari area.
Geologic age: Cenomanian–Turonian, Cretaceous.

Pecten (Pecten) subsquamatus Nomura, 1933
Plate 22, Figures 7a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 1, p. 53, pl. 1, fig. 11a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 44702(Existing). Type locality: Station no. 57 (Nomura, 1933),
550 m E of Jô-tsûsho-wan, Tsûshô-shô, Byôritsu-gun,Shinchiku-shû [currently Shangtongsiaowan, Tongwan
Village, Tongshao Township, Miaoli County], Taiwan.
Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli Formation].
Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].

Pectunculus sachalinensis Yabe and Nagao, 1925
Plate 23, Figures 3a–b
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 7,
no. 4, p. 112, pl. 29, figs. 7, 8. Syntypes: IGPS no. 8554
(Existing). Type locality: Sea cliff 1 km S of Cape Khoi [nearAlexandrovsk, north Saghalin] [currently AlexandrovskSakhalinsky District, Sakhalin Oblast, Russia].
Lithostratigraphic unit: Cape Khoi bed. Geologic age:
Cretaceous [Cenomanian–Turonian, Cretaceous].

Pecten (Patinopecten) taiwanus Nomura, 1933
Plate 22, Figure 8
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol.
16, no. 1, p. 56, pl. 2, fig. 5a, b. Holotype: IGPS no.
45007 (Existing). Type locality: Station no. 35 (Nomura,1933), Wangwa, Kôryû-shô, Chikunan-gun, Shinchikushû [currently Wanwa, Jhonghe Village, Houlong
Township, Miaoli County], Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic
unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli Formation]. Geologic age:
Pliocene [Pleistocene]. Remarks: The present species issynonymous with Mizuhopecten tokyoensis (Tokunaga,
1906) (e.g. Masuda and Huang, 1994).
Pecten (Decadopecten) tayamai Nomura and Niino, 1932
Plate 22, Figures 9–11
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 15,
no. 3, p. 178, pl. 11, figs. 6–8. Syntypes: IGPS no. 44581(Existing). Type locality: Nagata, Shirahama-mura, Kamogun, Province of Izu [currently Shirahama, Shimoda
City, Shizuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Shirahama
Shell-Beds of Shirahama Group [Shirahama Formation].
Geologic age: Miocene [Pliocene].
Pecten (?Amussiopecten) yabei Nomura, 1933
Plate 23, Figure 1
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 1, p. 59, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4. Holotype: IGPS no. 25265(Existing). Type locality: Near Rahau, Banchi, Kagi-gun,Tainan-shû [currently Arishan Township, Chiayi County],
Taiwan. Stratigraphic unit: Kaizan Beds. Geologic age:
Miocene [Late Oligocene].
Pectunculus hokkaidoensis Yabe and Nagao, 1928
Plate 23, Figure 2
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9,

Pedalion tomiyasui Nagao, 1928a
Plate 23, Figure 4
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no.
3, p. 103, pl. 20, figs. 5, 5a. Lectotype: IGPS no. 35686(designated by Hatai and Nisiyama, 1952; Existing). Type
locality: Kôyagi-jima, [Kôyagi-mura], Nishisonogi-gun,
Province of Hizen [currently Koyagimachi, Nagasaki City],
Nagasaki Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Lower Orthaulax
japonicus Zone [=Futagojima Formation]. Geologic age:
Lower Eocene [Middle Eocene].
Periploma fujikuraense Noda, 1962b
Plate 23, Figure 5
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 34, no.
3, p. 229, pl. 16, fig. 6. Holotype: IGPS no. 79056(Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. 1300 (Noda, 1962b),
upstream of the Higashi River, about 400 m S of Fujikura,
Matsunoyama-machi, Higashikubiki-gun [currently
Matsunoyama, Tokamachi City], Niigata Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Nitta Formation. Geologic age: Early
Pliocene. Remarks: Although the name of species was
originally spelled as fujikuraensis, it is corrected herein as
fukuraense because Peliploma is a neuter.
Periploma pulchellum Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949
Plate 23, Figures 6a–b
Jour. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 90, pl. 23, figs. 17, 18.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72508 (Existing). IGPS no. 72507
given by original description as the holotype is incorrect.
Type locality: A small cliff in front of the grocery store
at the northern entrance to Kokozura, Nakoso-machi,
Ishiki-gun [sic, Iwaki-gun] [currently Nakosomachi, Iwaki
City], Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kokozura
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].

46

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Perna sanchuensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao andShimizu, 1926
Plate 23, Figures 7a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no. 2, p.
57, pl. 12, figs. 1–4. Lectotype: IGPS no. 22457 (designatedby Hayami, 1965a; Existing). Type locality: Hachimanzawa[currently Kagahara, Kanna-machi], Tano-gun, Provinceof Kôzuke [Gumma Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Shiroi
Group [Sebayashi Formation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous[late Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian)].
Peronidia ochii Kamada, 1962
Plate 23, Figure 8
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 133, pl. 16,
figs. 6–8. Holotype: IGPS no. 79388 (Existing). Type
locality: Yumoto colliery, Joban Coal-mine, Yumotomachi,
Joban City [currently Joban-Yumotomachi, Iwaki City],
Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Iwaki Formation.
Geologic age: Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–earliest
Early Oligocene].
Pholadomya brevitesta Nagao, 1943
Plate 23, Figures 9a–c
Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 50, no. 596, p. 157, pl. 13 (10),fig. 3. Holotype: IGPS no. 72710 (Existing). Type locality:
Koikorobe, Tanohata-mura, Shimohei-gun, Province of
Rikutyû, [Iwate Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: precise
horizon uncertain [?Miyako Group in Tanohata area].
Geologic age: Early Cretaceous.
Pholadomya kazusaensis Nagao, 1943
Plate 23, Figures 10a–c
Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 50, no. 596, p. 154, pl. 12 (9),figs. 2, 2a, 3, 3a. Holotype: IGPS no. 19534 (Existing).
Type locality: A point between Seki and Minato, Provinceof Kazusa [currently Futtsu City, Chiba Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Nokogiri Bed [=Nokogiriyama
Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [late Late Miocene–
earliest Early Pliocene].
Pholadomya? miyamotoi Nagao, 1943
Plate 23, Figure 11
Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 50, no. 596, p. 158, pl. 12(9), figs. 8, 9. Lectotype: IGPS no. 72737 (designated byHayami, 1966; Existing). Type locality: Haipe, Tanohatamura, Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Hiraiga Sandstone [=Hiraiga Formation] in Tanohata area.
Geologic age: Early Cretaceous (Aptian).
Pholadomya takasimensis Nagao, 1943
Plate 23, Figures 12a–c
Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 50, no. 596, p. 156, pl. 13 (10),fig. 1, 1a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 72706 (Existing). Type
locality: Okinoshima, in the Takashima Coal-field, Provinceof Hizen [currently Iojimamachi, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Okinoshima Bed [=Okinoshima
Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene [Middle Eocene].
Pinna asakuraensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 23, Figures 13a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 31, pl. 8, figs. 20, 20a. Holotype: IGPS no. 36017 or
36018 (Both numbers are written on the same specimen;
Existing). Type locality: Doshi, Hôshuyama-mura [currently
Tôhô-mura], Asakura-gun, Province of Chikuzen [Fukuoka
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kawamagari Beds
[Kawamagari Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene.
Pitar hataii Natori, 1964
Plate 23, Figure 14
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 55, p. 250, pl.
36, fig. 3a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 85728 (Existing). Type
locality: Motomiya, Motomiya-cho [sic, Hongu, Hongucho], Higashimuro-gun [currently Hongucho, Tanabe City],
Wakayama Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Ukekawa-Muro
Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene or Early Miocene.
Pitar hokkaidoensis Nomura, 1935a
Plate 24, Figures 1a–b
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol.
18, no. 1, p. 35, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2. Holotype: IGPS no.
56371 (Existing). Type locality: At the junction of the
Ponrurumoppe-gawa and the Rumoi-gawa, Rumoi-gun,Teshio [River cliff about 650 m NW of Owaga Station at
the junction of the Ponrurumoppe-gawa and the Rumoigawa, Rumoi-machi, Rumoi-gun, Teshio Province][currently Togeshita, Rumoimura, Rumoi City], Hokkaido.
Stratigraphic unit: Takikawa Formation [correctly Togeshita
Formation: Hayasaka and Uozumi, 1954]. Geologic age:
Pliocene [late Middle or Late Miocene].
Pitar kotoi Natori, 1964
Plate 24, Figure 2
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 55, p. 252, pl.
36, fig. 4a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 85729 (Existing). Type
locality: Motomiya, Motomiya-cho [sic, Hongu, Hongucho], Higashimuro-gun [currently Hongucho, Tanabe City],
Wakayama Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Ukekawa-Muro
Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene or Early Miocene.
Pitar sendaica monstrosa Nomura, 1938
Plate 24, Figures 3a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 19,
p. 259, pl. 35, figs. 8a–9b. Holotype: IGPS no. 16131ACatalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia(Existing). Type locality: Gôroku cliff along the rightbank of the Hirosegawa-River, western border of Sendai[Gôroku, Hirose-mura, Miyagi-gun] [currently Gôroku,
Aoba-ku, Sendai City], Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Tatunokuti Shell Bed [=Tatsunokuchi Formation].
Geologic age: Early Pliocene [latest Late Miocene–earliest
Early Pliocene].
"Pitar" shiobarensis Akutsu, 1964
Plate 24, Figure 4
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 3, p.
284, pl. 59, fig. 13 Holotype: IGPS no. 85505 (Existing).
Type locality: Along the Hoki River, opposite the ElectricPower Station at Sekiya, Shiobara-machi, Shioyagun [currently Nasushiobara City], Tochigi Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa Formation. Geologic
age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Pitar sunakozakaensis Ogasawara, 1976
Plate 24, Figure 5
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 46, no. 2,
p. 50, pl. 12, figs. 17, 18, 22. Holotype: IGPS no. 95028(Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. Su-01 (Ogasawara, 1976),
river side cliff of Asano-gawa at Higashi-Ichise [sic, HigashiIchinosemachi], Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Sunakozaka Formation [=Sunagozaka
Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Pitaria? altoumbonata Nagao, 1928b
Plate 24, Figure 6
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 75, pl. 11, fig. 15. Holotype: IGPS no. 36445 (Existing).
Type locality: Shinyama, Ômachi-mura, Kishima-gun,
Province of Hizen [currently Omachi, Omachi-cho,
Kishima-gun, Saga Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kishima
Beds [Kishima Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene [latest
Late Eocene–earliest Early Oligocene].
Pitaria ashiyaensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 24, Figure 7
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 72, pl. 13, fig. 1a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 36434(Existing). Type locality: Iwaya, Shimagô-mura, Onga-gun[currently Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu City], Province of
Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Yamaga
Beds [Yamaga Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene.
Remarks: Original spelling ashiyaënsis is corrected.
Pitaria kyushuensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 24, Figures 8a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 70, pl. 12, figs. 1, 1a. Holotype: IGPS no. 36238

47(Existing). Type locality: Western coast of Okinoshima,
Iôjima-mura, Nishisonogi-gun [currently Iojimamachi,
Nagasaki City], Province of Hizen [Nagasaki Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Okinoshima Beds [Okinoshima
Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene [Middle Eocene].
Pitaria matsumotoi Nagao, 1928b
Plate 25, Figure 1
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 73, pl. 13, figs. 4, 4a. Holotype: IGPS no. 36241(Existing). Type locality: Sea cliff facing the mouth of
Ongagawa, about 400 m NW of Yamaga, Ashiya-machi,
Onga-gun, Fukuoka Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Yamaga Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene.
Pitaria takashimaensis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 25, Figure 2
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 72, pl. 12, figs. 11, 11a–b. Holotype: IGPS no.
36300 (Existing). Type locality: Abô, Koyagi-jima, Koyagimura, Nishisonogi-gun, Province of Hizen [currently
Koyagimachi, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Okinoshima Beds [Okinoshima
Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene [Middle Eocene].
Pitaria yokoyamai Nagao, 1928b
Plate 25, Figures 3a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 74, pl. 11, figs. 10, 10a. Holotype: IGPS no. 36443(Existing). Type locality: Sea coast S of Tokuman, Ôshima,
Kurose-mura, Nishisonogi-gun [currently Oshimacho, Saikai
City], Province of Hizen [Nagasaki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Kakinoura Beds [Kakinoura Formation]. Geologic age:
Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–earliest Early Oligocene].
Placopecten nomurai Masuda, 1953aPlate 25, Figure 4
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 12, p. 83, pl.
8, figs. 1a–7. Holotype: IGPS no. 90553 (formerly DGS
no. 1041; Existing; broken). Type locality: Stream floor ofsmall tributary of the Natori River at Moniwa, Oide-mura,
Natori-gun [currently Moniwa, Taihaku-ku, Sendai City],
Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Moniwa Formation.
Geologic age: Early Miocene [early Middle Miocene].
Placopecten wakuyaensis Masuda, 1956
Plate 25, Figures 5a–b
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 25, p. 23, pl. 3, figs.
1a–4. Holotype: IGPS no. 90596 (formerly DGS no. 3003;
Existing). Type locality: Oido, Wakuya-machi [sic, Wakuyacho], Tôda-gun, Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Oido
Formation. Geologic age: Early Miocene [Middle Miocene].

48

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Plicatula tuberculosa Nomura, 1933
Plate 25, Figures 6a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no.
1, p. 62, pl. 1, fig. 2. Holotype: IGPS no. 45030 (Existing).
Type locality: Mud-volcanoes at Konsuihei, Kyoshito,
Okayama-gun, Takao-shu [currently Kunshuiping Mud
Volcano, Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County], Taiwan.
Geologic age: Unknown (ejecta of mud volcano).
Pododesmus (Monia) noharai Noda, 1971
Plate 25, Figure 7
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 81, p.
39, pl. 7, fig. 17. Holotype: IGPS no. 86762 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. no. 109 (Noda, 1971), W of Kogachi,
Haneji-son [currently Nago City], Okinawa-jima, Okinawa
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Haneji Formation. Geologic
age: Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Polynemamussium masagoi Kotaka and Noda, 1967
Plate 25, Figures 8a–c
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res, Bull., no. 36, p. 39, pl. 1, figs.
1–6, 8, 11. Holotype: IGPS no. 90755 (Existing). Type
locality: Loc. no. 8 (Kotaka and Noda, 1967), upstream of
the Moriai-zawa [sic, Moriya-zawa], about 800 m from thejunction with the Nakano-gawa, Ogawara [sic, Okawara],
Kuroishi City, Aomori Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Ogawara
Formation. Geologic age: Middle Natorian [Late Miocene].
Polynemamussium yasudae Masuda, 1962aPlate 25, Figure 9
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33, no. 2,
p. 156, pl. 18, figs. 9a–11. Holotype: IGPS no. 90602(Existing). Type locality: Road-side cutting, about 500 m Nof the Kogane shrine, N of Koganebasama, Motowakuya,
Wakuya-machi [sic, Wakuya, Wakuya-cho], Toda-gun,
Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Oido Formation.
Geologic age: Early Miocene [Middle Miocene].
Portlandia (Portlandella) enaensis Kamada, 1962
Plate 25, Figures 10a–b
P alaeont. Soc. Japan, Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 51, pl. 1,
figs. 28a–30. Holotype: IGPS no. 79377 (Existing). Type
locality: Hieda, Shimokajiro, Ena-machi [sic, Ena], Iwaki
City, Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Honya
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [Early Miocene].
Protocardia ibukii Nakazawa and Murata, 1966
Plate 25, Figure 11
Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, vol. 32, no. 4, p. 314,
pl. 4, fig. 7a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 85765 (Existing). Type
locality: Kanayama-zawa near the Omine mine [currently
Kamigocho, Tono City], Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic

unit: Kamihei Group in Kamihei area. Geologic age:
Neocomian, Cretaceous.
Psammocola kazusensis atsumiensis Hayasaka, 1961
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 33,
no. 1, p. 54–55, pl. 7, figs. 1–2. Holotype: IGPS no.
78419 (Missing). Type locality: Loc. no. SC132–SC144(Hayasaka, 1961), Takamatsu coast, Takamatsu,
Akabane-cho, Atsumi-gun [currently Takamatsucho,
Tahara City], Aichi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: “Tonna
bed” in Toshima Sand, Middle Pleistocene.
Psammocola sekiyaensis Akutsu, 1964
Plate 25, Figure 12
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 3, p.
287, pl. 60, fig. 6. Holotype: IGPS no. 85511 (Existing).
Type locality: Sekiya along the Hoki River, Shiobaramachi, Shioya-gun [currently Nasushiobara City], Tochigi
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Pseudoactinodontophora yabei Murata, 1971
Plate 25, Figures 13a–eTrans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 82, p.
112, pl. 14, figs. 1a, b, 4. Holotype: IGPS no. 86885(Existing). Type locality: Motoiwazawa, SW of Kawaguchi,
Sumita-cho, Kesen-gun, Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Lower part of Motoiwazawa Sandstone Member,
Sakamotozawa Formation. Geologic age: Early Permian.
Pseudogrammatodon pacificus Nomura and Zinbô, 1934
Plate 25, Figures 14a–b
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol.
16, no. 2, p. 153 (45), pl. 5 (1), figs. 6a–7b. Holotype:
IGPS no. 50341 (Existing). Type locality: Plateaux area
near Kamikatetu, Kikai-zima, [Kikai-cho, Oshima-gun],Kagoshima Prefecture. Lithostratigraphic unit: “Ryûkyû
Limestone”. Geologic age: Pleistocene.
Pteria sunakozakaensis Ogasawara, 1976
Plate 25, Figure 15
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 46, no. 2, p.
40, pl. 11, figs. 15, 16. Holotype: IGPS no. 95008 (Existing).
Type locality: Loc. no. Su-01 (Ogasawara, 1976), riverside cliff of Asano-gawa at Higashi-Ichise [sic, HigashiIchinosemachi], Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Sunakozaka Formation. Geologic age:
Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Rexithaerus shiratoriensis Matsubara, 1994
Plate 25, Figure 16
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Nat. Hist. Res. Bull., no. 62, p. 24,

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, 3a–5b, pl. 2, figs. 1a–4. Holotype: IGPS
no. 102562 (Existing). Type locality: A small tributary of the
Shiratorigawa River, south of Shiratori, Ninohe City, Iwate
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kadonosawa Formation.
Geologic age: latest Early Miocene.
Rochefortia obsoletoradiata Nomura and Zinbô, 1936
Plate 26, Figures 1a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 18, no.
3, p. 242 (14), pl. 11 (1), fig. 12a, b. Holotype: IGPS no.
51351 (Existing). Type locality: Gabusoga, Haneji-mura,
Kunigami-gun, Okinawa-jima [currently Nago City], Okinawa
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Simaziri Beds [=HanejiFormation]. Geologic age: Early Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Saccella confusa toyomaensis Kamada, 1962
Plate 26, Figure 2
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 50, pl. 2, figs.
1–5. Holotype: IGPS no. 79376 (Existing; broken). Type
locality: Numanouchi Harbor, Toyoma-machi, Taira City
[currently Numanouchi, Taira, Iwaki City], Fukushima
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Numanouchi Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [early Middle Miocene].
Saccella konnoi Hatai and Masuda, 1962
Plate 26, Figure 3
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 46, p. 259,
pl. 40, figs. 3–5. Holotype: IGPS no. 90196 (formerly
DGS 4235; Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. 4 (Hatai
and Masuda, 1962), river cliff, about 600 m W of Gôdo,
Higashimatsuyama City, Saitama Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Tokigawa Formation. Geologic age: Late Miocene.
Saccella saikaiensis Masuda, 1966b
Plate 26, Figures 4a–c
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 64, p.
322, pl. 35, figs. 1a–3. Holotype: IGPS no. 90088(formerly DGS no. 4494; Existing). Type locality: Loc.
no. 23 (Masuda, 1966a), river cliff, about 1 km SES of
Mukaiyama, [Niemachi], Suzu City, Ishikawa Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Higashi-innai Formation. Geologic age:
Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Sanguinolites bisectus Hayasaka, 1925b
Plate 26, Figures 5a–c
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 8, no.
2, p. 13, pl. 8, fig. 10. Holotype: IGPS no. 22414 (Existing).
Type locality: Hikoroichi-mura, Kesen-gôri, prov. Rikuzen[currently Hikoroichicho, Ofunato City, Iwate Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Dark grayish sandy shale. Geologic
age: Early Carboniferous.

49

Schizothaerus nuttalli kissyuensis Hatai, 1941
Plate 26, Figure 6
Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, vol. 11, no. 13, p. 109, pl. 3,
fig. 9. Holotype: IGPS no. 64751 (Existing). Type locality:
Kinseidô, Eihoku-men, Kissyû-gun, Kankyô-hoku-dô,
North Tyôsen [currently Kilju-gun, Hamgyongpuk-to, North
Korea]. Stratigraphic unit: Banko Beds [Banko Sandstone].
Geologic age: Miocene [early Middle Miocene].
Septifer sinelnikovae Noda, 1992
Plate 26, Figure 7
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 62, nos.
1–2, p. 62, pl. 2, figs. 4a–6. Holotype: IGPS no. 100734(Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. CS7 (Noda, 1992), upperstream of the Shosambetsu River, Haboro-machi [sic,Haboro-cho] [Goryo, Shosambetsu-mura], Tomamae-gun,Rumoi Province, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Basal partof Chikubetsu Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [lateEarly–early Middle Miocene].
Serripes hataii Noda, 1962a [“1961”]
Plate 26, Figure 8
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), Spec. Vol., no. 5(Prof. E. Kon’no Memorial Vol.), p. 224, pl. 37, fig. 3. Holotype:
IGPS no. 74593 (Existing). Type locality: Iwaigawa [sic, Kubo
River], Kamikurosawa, Hagihana-mura [sic, Haghisho-mura],
Nishiiwai-gun, [currently Sakainokami, Hagisho, Ichinoseki
City], Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Shimokurosawa
Formation. Noda and Tada (1968) incorrectly cited the“Nishikurosawa Formation” as the horizon of the type locality.
Geologic age: Middle Miocene.
Serripes japonica Noda, 1962a [“1961”]
Plate 26, Figure 9
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), Spec. Vol., no.
5 (Prof. E. Kon'no Memorial Vol.), p. 225, pl. 39, fig. 4.
Holotype: IGPS no. 78680 (Existing). Type locality: Mukai,
Sakekawa [sic, Sakegawa-mura], Mogami-gun, Yamagata
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Sakekawa Formation.
Geologic age: Late Miocene [Pliocene].
Serripes makiyamai nigamiensis Noda, 1962a [“1961”]
Plate 26, Figure 10
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), Spec. Vol., no.
5 (Prof. E. Kon'no Memorial Vol.), p. 227, pl. 39, fig. 1a–c. Holotype: IGPS no. 78684 (Existing). Type locality:
Nigami, Ooshima-mura, Higashikubiki-gun [currently
Oshima-ku, Joetsu City], Niigata Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Shiiya Formation. Geologic age: Late Miocene.
Serripes muraii Noda and Tada, 1968
Plate 26, Figure 11

50

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara rans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 69, p. 202,T
pl. 22, fig. 22. Holotype: IGPS no. 88058 (Existing). Noda
and Tada (1968) erroneously stated IGPS no. 88059 as
the holotype in the text. Type locality: Loc. no. 2 (Nodaand Tada, 1968), small tributary of the Kakkonda River,about 4 km NNW of the Takinoue Spa, Shizukuishimachi [sic, Shizukuishi-cho], Iwate-gun, Iwate Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Yamatsuda Formation. Geologic age:
Miocene [early Late Miocene].
Serripes shiobarensis Noda, 1962a [“1961”]
Plate 26, Figure 12
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), Spec. Vol., no.
5 (Prof. E. Kon'no Memorial Vol.), p. 228, pl. 39, fig. 5.
Holotype: IGPS no. 78687 (Existing). Type locality: Cliff facing
the Hokigawa Electric Power Station along the Hoki River,
Sekiya, Shiobara-machi, Shioya-gun [currently Nasushiobara
City], Tochigi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa
Formation. Geologic age: Middle Miocene [Late Miocene].
Solemya (Acharax) bosoana Hatai and Koike, 1957
Plate 26, Figure 13; Plate 27, Figure 1
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 28, nos. 1–3, p. 86, pl. 4,
fig. 1. Holotype: IGPS no. 94774 (Existing). Type locality:
Loc. no. 9 (Hatai and Koike, 1957), Ôkuzure, Katsuyamamachi [currently Kyonan-machi], Awa-gun, Chiba
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Ôkuzure Conglomerate[Ôkuzure Formation; contained in a concretion reworked
from the underlying Hota Group]. Geologic age: Oligocene[latest Late Oligocene–Early Miocene].
Solemya (Acharax) muroensis Natori, 1964
Plate 27, Figure 2
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 55, p. 249,
pl. 36, fig. 1. Holotype: IGPS no. 85727 (Existing). Type
locality: Motomiya, Motomiya-cho [sic, Hongu, Hongucho], Higashimuro-gun [currently Hongucho, Tanabe City],
Wakayama Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Ukekawa-Muro
Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene or Early Miocene.
Solen connectens Oyama, 1951a
Plate 27, Figure 3
Miner. Geol., vol. 4, nos. 1–2, p. 56. [nom. nov. for Solen
intermedius Nagao, 1928b, non Koch, in Philippi, 1843].
Holotype: IGPS no. 36435 (Existing). Type locality:
Yamaga, Ashiya, Ashiya-machi, Onga-gun, Fukuoka
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Yamaga Formation. Geologic
age: Oligocene [latest Early–earliest Late Oligocene].
Solen intermedius Nagao, 1928b
Plate 27, Figure 3
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd. Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,

no. 1, p. 83, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6. Holotype: IGPS no. 36435(Existing). Type locality: Yamaga, Ashiya-machi, Onga-gun,
Province of Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Yamaga Beds [Yamaga Formation]. Geologic age:
Oligocene [latest Early–earliest Late Oligocene]. Remarks:
Because this species is preoccupied by Solen intermedius
Koch in Philippi, 1843, a new replacement name Solen
connectens was proposed by Oyama (1951a).
Solen shitakaraensis Honda, 1989
Plate 27, Figure 4
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 60, no.
1, p. 84, pl. 8, figs. 7–10. Holotype: IGPS no. 951291 (Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. B-08 (Honda, 1989),
uppermost stream of Yukirubeshubeno-zawa a tributary of
the Tokomuro-gawa, Rushin, Urahoro-machi [sic, Urahorocho], Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Shitakara
Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene [Middle–Late Eocene].
Solenomorpha elegantissima Hayasaka, 1925b
Plate 27, Figures 5–7b; Plate 28, Figure 1
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 8, no.
2, p. 21, pl. 9, figs. 1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3–7. Syntypes: IGPS nos.
8203, 22228, 22229 (Existing). Type locality: Kinshô-zan,
Akasaka-machi, prov. Mino [currently Akasakacho, Ogaki
City, Gifu Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kuro zone [Akasaka
Limestone] Geologic age: Permian [Middle Permian].
Spisula (Cymbophora) ezoensis Yabe and Nagao, 1928
Plate 28, Figure 2
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no. 3, p.
91, pl. 16, figs. 5–10. Holotype: IGPS no. 22614 (Existing).
Type locality: The upper course of the Ponnebets, Manji[currently Nishimanji, Kurisawacho, Iwamizawa City],
Ishikari Province, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Trigonia
sandstone [Middle Yezo Group in Manji area]. Geologic
age: Cretaceous [Cenomanian–Campanian, Cretaceous].
Spisula iwatensis Hatai, 1940
Plate 28, Figure 3
Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, vol. 10, no. 9, p. 130, pl. 1,
fig. 7. Holotype: IGPS no. 61360 (Existing). Type locality:
Siratori [=Shiratori], Nisatai-mura, Ninohe-gun [currently
Shiratori, Ninohe City], Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Siratori Beds [=Tate Sandstone Member of Kadonosawa
Formation]. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Spisula (Mactromeris) polynyma nagakoensis Hatai andNisiyama, 1949
Plate 28, Figure 4
J our. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 92, pl. 24, fig. 18.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72506 (Existing). Type locality: Small

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
exposure in drainage W of Nagako, Nishiki-mura, Iwakigun [currently Nishikimachi, Iwaki City], Fukushima
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Asagai Formation [correctly
Iwaki Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene [latest Late
Eocene–earliest Early Oligocene].
Spisula shimotsukensis Akutsu, 1964
Plate 28, Figure 5
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 3, p.
287, pl. 59, fig. 11. Holotype: IGPS no. 85510 (Existing).
Type locality: Upstream of the Shimotokurazawa
valley, Sekiya, Shiobara-machi, Shioya-gun [currently
Nasushiobara City], Tochigi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Kanomatazawa Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [LateMiocene].
Strebrochondria miyamoriensis Murata, 1964
Plate 28, Figure 6
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 54, p. 229, pl.
35, fig. 14a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 85733 (Existing). Type
locality: Southeastern slope of Hiryu-yama, Miyamorimura, Kamihei-gun [currently Miyamoricho, Tono City],
Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Hiryuyama Formation.
Geologic age: Middle Permian.
Tapes nagahamaensis Saito, Bando and Noda, 1970
Plate 28, Figure 7
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 77, p. 282,
pl. 31, figs. 1–4, 22. Holotype: IGPS no. 78707 (Existing).
Although Ogasawara (2001) cited IGPS no. 86743 fromthe Teshima Formation as the holotype, the specimens
with this reg. no. are figured specimens by Saito et al.
(1970). Type locality: Nagahama, Tonoshô-cho, Shodo-gun[sic, Shôzu-gun], Kagawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Shikai Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [Late Eocene].
Taras millepustulata Nomura, 1933
Plate 28, Figure 8
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no.
1, p. 75, pl. 3, fig. 16. Holotype: IGPS no. 45096 (Existing).
Type locality: Hanpeizan, Okayama-gun, Takao-shû[currently Ban Pin Shan, Kaohsiung City], Taiwan.
Lithostratigraphic unit: "Riukiu Limestone" [correlative of
the Ryukyu Limestone]. Geologic age: Pleistocene.
Tellina (Pharaonella) akiana Nomura, 1937
Plate 28, Figure 9
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 14, nos. 3–4, p. 83, pl. 6,
fig. 4. Holotype: IGPS no. 54691 (Existing). Type locality:
Tônohama, Yasuda-mura [sic, Yasuda-cho], Aki-gun, Kôti[=Kochi] Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Tosa Pliocene[=Ananai Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [latest Late

51

Pliocene–early Early Pleistocene].
Tellina equideclivis Nagao, 1928b
Plate 28, Figure 10
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 79, pl. 4, fig. 29. Holotype: IGPS no. 36457 (Existing).
Type locality: Abô, Kôyagi-jima, Kôyagi-mura, Nishisonogigun, Province of Hizen [currently Koyagimachi, Nagasaki
City, Nagasaki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Okinoshima
Beds [Okinoshima Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene[Middle Eocene].
Tellina hamadai Masuda, 1955
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 20, p. 122,
pl. 19, figs. 10, 11. Holotype: IGPS no. 90415 (formerly
DGS no. 1657; Missing). Type locality: Tokunari, Machinomachi, Fugeshi-gun [currently Wajima City], Ishikawa
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Higashi-innai Formation.
Geologic age: Early Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Tellina kikaizimana Nomura and Zinbô, 1934
Plate 28, Figures 11a–b
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol.
16, no. 2, p. 157 (49), pl. 5 (1), fig. 19a, b. Holotype:
IGPS no. 50398 (Existing). Type locality: Plateaux area
near Kamikatetu, Kikai-zima, [Kikai-cho, Oshima-gun],Kagoshima Prefecture. Lithostratigraphic unit: “Ryûkyû
Limestone”. Geologic age: Pleistocene.
Tellina kuntsuipinensis Nomura, 1933
Plate 28, Figures 12a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 1, p. 99, pl. 4, fig. 10a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 48595(Existing). Type Locality: Ejecta of mud-volcanoes at
Konsuihei [currently Kunshuiping Mud Volcano, Yanchao
Township, Kaohsiung City], Taiwan. Geologic age:
Unknown (ejecta of mud volcano)Tellina maxima Nagao, 1928b
Plate 28, Figure 13
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 80, pl. 4, figs. 8–11. Holotype: IGPS no. 36412(Existing; broken). Type locality: Shinyama, Ômachimura [currently Omachi-cho], Kishima-gun, Province ofHizen [Saga Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kishima Beds
[Kishima Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene [latest Late
Eocene–earliest Early Oligocene]. Remarks: See also
Angulus maximus submaximus Mizuno, 1964.
Tellina notoensis Masuda, 1955
Plate 28, Figure 14
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 20, p. 122,

52

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubarapl. 19, fig. 12. Holotype: IGPS no. 90451 (formerly DGS
no. 2502; Existing). Type locality: Tokunari, Machinomachi, Fugeshi-gun [currently Wajima City], Ishikawa
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Higashi-innai Formation.
Geologic age: Early Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Tellina prototenuilirata Nomura, 1933
Plate 28, Figure 15
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no.
1, p. 100, pl. 4, figs. 7a–9b. Holotype: IGPS no. 48192(Existing; broken). Type locality: Futoko (?), Bôshiho,
Shiko-shô, Byôritsu-gun, Shinchiku-shû [currently
Maozihbu, Wuhwu Village, Shihwu Township, Miaoli
County], Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds
[Miaoli Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Tellina scabricostulata Nomura and Zinbô, 1936
Plate 28, Figures 16a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 18,
no. 3, p. 246, pl. 11, figs. 16a–17b. Holotype: IGPS no.
51333 (Existing). Type locality: Gabusoga, Haneji-mura,
Kunigami-gun [currently Nago City], Okinawa Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Simaziri Beds [=Haneji Formation].
Geologic age: Early Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Tellina tricarinata Nagao, 1928b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no. 1,
p. 78, pl. 3, fig. 17. Holotype: IGPS no. unknown (Missing).
Type locality: Chôgiri, Kiuragi-mura, Higashimatsuuragun [currently Ouchicho, Karatsu City], Privince of Hizen[Saga Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kiuragi Beds [Kiuragi
Formation]. Geologic age: Eocene [Late Eocene].
Tellina umedairensis Shikama, 1951
Plate 28, Figures 17a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 1, p. 15,
text-figs. 1, 2. Holotype: IGPS no. 90404 (Existing). Type
locality: Umedaira, Yaegôchi-mura [sic, Yaekawachimura], Shimoina-gun [currently Yaegochi, Minamishinano,
Iida City], Nagano Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Wada
Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene [Early Miocene].
Tellina venulosa zyonoensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1939[“1938”]
Plate 28, Figure 18
Japan. Jour. Geol. Geogr. vol. 16, nos. 1–2, p. 150, pl. 9,
fig. 3. Holotype: IGPS no. 62424 (Existing) Type locality:
A cliff of the Zintu-gawa [=Jintsu-gawa] at Zyônô [=Jônô],Sugihara-mura, Nehi-gun [sic, Nei-gun], Ettyû [=Etchû]Province [currently Jônô, Yatsuomachi, Toyama City, Toyama
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Zyônô Beds [=Otogawa
Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Late Miocene].

Teredo matsushimaensis Hatai, 1951
Plate 28, Figure 19
Short Pap. Inst. Geol. Paleont., Tôhoku Univ., no. 3, p. 30,
pl. 5, figs. 1–5. Lectotype: IGPS no. 73697 (designatedby Hayami, 1966; Existing). Type locality: IGPS loc.
no. It-4 (Hatai, 1951), Matsushima, Taro-mura [sic,Taro-cho], Shimohei-gun [currently Taro, Miyako City],
Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Hiraiga Sandstone
Formation [Hiraiga Formation]. Geologic age: Early
Cretaceous [Aptian].
Thetironia affinis var. japonica Yabe and Nagao, 1928
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no. 3, p.
89, pl. 17, figs. 14, 15. Holotype: IGPS no. 22605 (Missing).
Type locality: Ponbets [sic, Pombetsu River], a tributaryof the Ikushumbets [sic, Ikushumbetsu River], [currently
Mikasa City, Hokkaido]. Stratigraphic unit: Mikasa Formation.
Geologic age: Cenomanian–Turonian, Cretaceous.
Thracia hataii Kamada, 1955
Plate 28, Figures 20a–b
S ci. Rep., Fac. Arts and Liter., Nagasaki Univ., no.
4, p. 10, pl. 1, figs. 5, 6. Holotype: IGPS no. 72960(Existing). Type locality: IGPS loc. no. Fs-37 (Kamada,1955), about 600 m N of Ena-machi water-reservoir,
Igamesaku, Nagasaki, Ena-machi [currently Ena, Iwaki
City], Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Nakayama
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early Miocene].
Thracia kamayasikiensis Hatai, 1940
Plate 28, Figures 21a–b
Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, vol. 10, no. 9, p. 123, pl. 1,
fig. 2. Holotype: IGPS no. 61349 (Existing). Type locality:
Kamayasiki [=Kamayashiki], Tomai-mura, Ninohe-gun[currently Shimotomai, Ninohe City], Iwate Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Suenomatuyama Beds [=Tomesaki
Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Middle Miocene].
Thracia kidoensis Kamada, 1955
Plate 28, Figures 22a–b
Sci. Rep., Fac. Arts and Liter., Nagasaki Univ., no. 4, p.
11, pl. 1, figs. 1–2b. Holotype: IGPS no. 72958 (Existing).
Type locality: IGPS loc. no. Fs-38, in the tunnel, W of theIriumi mineral spring, Kobansaku, Kido-mura [currently
Naraha-machi], Futaba-gun, Fukushima Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Asagai Formation. Geologic age:
Oligocene [Early Oligocene].
Thracia kurosawaensis Hayasaka, 1957
Plate 28, Figures 23a–b
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 26, p. 28, text-fig.
1a–c. Holotype: IGPS no. 77497 (Existing). Type locality:

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
Loc. no. 6 (Hayasaka, 1957), river side cliff at the westernentrance of the railway tunnel between the Iwateyuda and
Kawajiri Stations, Yuda-mura [currently Nishiwaga-machi],Waga-gun, Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kurosawa
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [Middle–Late Miocene].
Thracia (Thracia) shitakaraensis Honda, 1989
Plate 28, Figure 24; Plate 29, Figure 1
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 60, no. 1, p.
89, pl. 6, figs. 2, 5, pl. 7, figs. 1–3, 5–7. Holotype: IGPS
no. 95428-4 (Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. B-03 (Honda,
1989), tributary of Rushin River, Rushin, Urahoro-machi[sic, Urahoro-cho], Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido. Stratigraphic
unit: Shitakara Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene[Middle–Late Eocene].
Thracidora nishizawaensis Akutsu, 1964
Plate 29, Figure 2
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 3, p.
283, pl. 59, fig. 4. Holotype: IGPS no. 85502 (Existing).
Ogasawara (2001) erroneously cited IGPS no. 85504 as
the holotype. Type locality: Nishizawa, Uzuno [sic, Utsuno],
Shiobara-machi, Shioya-gun [currently Nasushiobara City],
Tochigi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Thyasira bisecta var. nipponica Yabe and Nomura, 1925
Plate 29, Figures 3a–c
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 7, no.
4, p. 84, pl. 23, figs. 3a–b, pl. 24, figs. 2a–4b. Lectotype:
IGPS no. 7485 (designated by Hatai and Nisiyama,
1952; Existing). Type locality: Môrai, Atsuta-mura, Atsutagun [currently Atsuta-ku, Ishikari City], Ishikari Province,
Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Kawabata Series [=Morai
Formation]. Geologic age: Tertiary [Late Miocene].
Thyasira inflata Yabe and Nomura, 1925
Plate 29, Figure 4
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 7, no. 4,
p. 93, pl. 23, fig. 5a–b. Holotype: IGPS no. 17251 (Existing).
Type locality: Sea cliff S of Tsurushizaki, Hitachi-mura,
Taga-gôri, province of Hitachi [currently Higashicho, HitachiCity, Ibaraki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: not cited [Hitachi
Formation]. Geologic age: Tertiary [Early Pliocene].
Thyasira quadrata Yabe and Nomura, 1925
Plate 29, Figures 5a–c
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 7,
no. 4, p. 92, pl. 23, figs. 1a–b. Holotype: IGPS no. 8188
(Existing). Type locality: “Japan” (exact locallity unknown).
Stratigraphic unit: unknown. Geologic age: Tertiary [precise
age unknown].

53

Thyasira subexcavata Yabe and Endô, in Yabe andNomura, 1925
Plate 29, Figure 6
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 7,
no. 4, p. 93, pl. 24, figs. 1a–b. Holotype: IGPS no. 6973
(Existing). Type locality: Near Takai, Sekimoto-mura,
Taga-gôri [currently Sekimotomachi, Kitaibaraki City],
Ibaraki Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: not cited [Kokozura
Formation or Taga Group]. Geologic age: Tertiary[Miocene].
Thyasira tokunagai Kuroda and Habe, 1951
Plate 29, Figures 7a–b
Illust. Cat. Jpn. Shells, no. 13, p. 86 [“nom. nov.” forThyasira gouldii (Philippi) sensu Yabe and Nomura, 1925,
p. 94, pl. 23, figs. 6a–b (not of Philippi, 1845)]. Lectotype:
IGPS no. 13786 (designated herein) (Existing). Type
locality: Shinagawa, near Tôkyô [=Shinagawa-machi,
Ebara-gun, Tokyo Prefecture] [currently Shinagawa-ku,
Tokyo; precise locality unknown]. Stratigraphic unit: Tôkyô
Beds [Tokyo Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Late
Pleistocene].
Trapezium (Neotrapezium) ichinohense Matsubara, 1995
Plate 29, Figures 8a–b
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., no. 180, p.
328, figs. 4-1, 4-7a, b, 4-8a–c. Holotype: IGPS no.
102605 (Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. 18 (Matsubara,
1995), upper reaches of the Nesori River about 3 km E
of Nosokei [sic, Nosoke], Ichinohe-machi, Ninohe-gun,
Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Yotsuyaku Formation.
Geologic age: late Early Miocene.
Trapezium (Neotrapezium) isoharense Kamada, 1962
Plate 29, Figure 9
P alaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 91, pl. 8,
figs. 4–6. Holotype: IGPS no. 79382 (Existing). Type
locality: 100 m upstream from the Futatsujima mineralspring, Isoharamachi, Kitaibaraki City, Ibaraki Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Kunugidaira Formation. Geologic age:
Miocene [Early Miocene].
Trapezium isomatsuense Kotaka, 1955
Plate 29, Figure 10
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 24, p. 28, pl. 2, fig.
1. Holotype: IGPS no. 74006 (Existing). Type locality:
IGPS loc. no. Ao-15 (Kotaka, 1955), upper courseof the Isomatsu-gawa, Wakimoto-mura, Kitatsugarugun [currently Wakimoto, Goshogawara City], Aomori
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Isomatsu Formation.
Geologic age: Oligocene [Early Miocene].

54

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Trapezium jobanicum Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949
Plate 29, Figure 11
J our. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 90, pl. 24, figs. 8, 9.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72505 (Existing). IGPS no. 72506
given by original description is incorrect. Reg. no. of theholotype by Ogasawara (2001) is identical that in theoriginal description. Type locality: A small cliff in front of
the dormitory of Nippon Coal Mining Company, Nakosomachi, Ishiki-gun [sic, Iwaki-gun] [currently Nakosomachi,
Iwaki City], Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Iwaki
Formation. Geologic age: Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–
earliest Early Oligocene].
Trifaricardium nomurai Kuroda and Habe, 1951
Plate 29, Figures 12a–b
Illust. Cat. Jpn. Shells, no. 13, p. 86. [nom. nov. for
Cardium (Acanthocardia) cancellatum Nomura, 1933
non Gmelin, 1791] Holotype: IGPS no. 46500 (Existing).
Type locality: Station no. 14 (Nomura, 1933), exposure,
550 m SE of Jô-tsûsho-wan, Tsûshô-shô, Byôritsu-gun,Shinchiku-shû [currently Shangtongsiaowan, Tongwan
Village, Tongshao Township, Miaoli County], Taiwan.
Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli Formation].
Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene]. Remarks: This
species is a type species of Trifaricardium Kuroda andHabe, 1951 (by monotypy). See Cardium (Acanthocardia)
cancellatum Nomura, 1933 [non Gmelin, 1791] also.
Trigonarca? obsoleta Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao
and Shimizu, 1926
Plate 29, Figure 13
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no. 2,
p. 43, pl. 12, fig. 24. Holotype: IGPS no. 22538 (Existing).
Type locality: Ishidô, near Ôhinata[-mura] [currently Ishidô,Ôhinata, Sakuho-machi], Minamisaku-gun, Province ofShinano [Nagano Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: IshidôGroup [Ishidô Formation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [lateEarly–early Late Cretaceous (late Neocomian or Aptian).
Trigonia ainuana Yabe and Nagao, 1928
Plate 30, Figure 1
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 9, no. 3, p.
84, pl. 16, fig. 20. Holotype: IGPS no. 22591 (Existing). Type
locality: Ponbets [=Pombetsu River] (near the Ikushumbets[=Ikushumbetsu] coal-mines), Sorachi-gun [currently Mikasa
City], Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Trigonia sandstone[Mikasa Formation]. Geologic age: Cretaceous [early Late
Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian)].
Trigonia brevicula Yehara, 1915
Plate 30, Figure 2
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 2, no.

2, p. 42, pl. 2, figs. 18, 19. Lectotype: IGPS no. 4329
(designated by Nakano and Numano, 1961; Existing).
Type locality: Ikushumbets [=Ikushumbetsu], some 3
km above the Ikushumbets [=Ikushumbetsu] coal mines[currently Mikasa City], Hokkaido. Stratigraphic unit: Thetis
aff. affinis zone [Middle Yezo Group (Mikasa sandstone)].
Geologic age: Cretaceous [early Late Cretaceous(Cenomanian–Turonian)].
Trigonia datemasamunei Yehara, 1915
Plate 30, Figures 3–4
S ci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 2,
no. 2, p. 38, pl. 2, figs. 13, 14. Syntypes: IGPS no. 4331
(Existing). Type locality: Raga II, Miyako District [Southerncoast of Hiraname, northeast of Raga, Tanohata-mura,
Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit:
Orbitolina sandstone [=Miyako Group]. Geologic age:
Cretaceous [late Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Lower Albian)].
Trigonia hokkaidoana Yehara, 1915
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 2, no. 2,
p. 39, pl. 1, figs. 1–8. Lectotype: IGPS no. 4224 (designatedby Kobayashi and Nakano, 1957; Missing). Type locality:
Tokuzo, southern coast of Hiraiga inlet, Tanohata-mura,
Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Miyako
Group (Hiraiga Formation). Geologic age: late Early
Cretaceous (Aptian–Lower Albian).
Trigonia pustulosa Nagao, 1930
Plate 30, Figures 5a–8
Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 1, no.
1, p. 17, pl. 3, figs. 9–12. Syntypes: IGPS nos. 35603,
35608, 35609, 35610, 35612, 35613 (Existing). Type
locality: Goshonoura-jima [sic, Goshoura-jima], Amakusagun, Province of Higo [At the seashore of Enokuchi,
Goshonoura [currently Goshoura, Goshouramachi],Amakusa City, Kumamoto Prefecture]; Shishi-jima,
Nagashima-mura, Province of Satsuma [currently
Nagashima-cho, Izumi-gun, Kagoshima Prefecture].
Stratigraphic unit: Goshonoura Group. Geologic age:
Cretaceous [Albian(?)–Cenomanian, Cretaceous].
Trigonia yokoyamai Yehara, 1915
Plate 30, Figures 9–10
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 2, no. 2,
p. 41, pl. 2, figs. 15–17. Syntypes: IGPS nos. 4366, 4367
(Existing). Type locality: Tokuzo, southern coast of Hiraiga
inlet, Tanohata-mura, Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Miyako Group (Hiraiga Formation).
Geologic age: Upper Neocomian(?)–Aptian, Cretaceous.

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
Vasticardium arenicoloides Akutsu, 1964
Plate 30, Figure 11
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 3, p.
284, pl. 59, figs. 6, 7. Syntypes: IGPS no. 85504 (Existing).
Type locality: Upstream of the Shimotokurazawa valley,
Sekiya, Shiobara-machi, Shioya-gun [currently Nasushiobara
City], Tochigi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene].
Vasticardium shimotokuraense Akutsu, 1964
Plate 30, Figure 12
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 35, no. 3, p.
283, pl. 59, figs. 9, 10. Syntype: IGPS no. 85503 (Existing).
Type locality: Shimotokurazawa, Sekiya, Shiobaramachi, Shioya-gun [currently Nasushiobara City], Tochigi
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kanomatazawa Formation.
Geologic age: Miocene [Late Miocene]. Remarks:
Although the name of species was originally spelled as
shimotokuraensis, it is corrected as shimotokuraense
because Vasticardium is a neuter.
Vasticardium teshimaense Saito, Bando and Noda, 1970
Plate 30, Figure 13
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 77, p. 283, pl.
31, figs. 5–7. Holotype: IGPS no. 86745 (Existing). Type
locality: Loc. no. 1 (Saito et al., 1970), (about 500 m SW
of Abuzaki), Teshima Island, Tonosho-cho, Shôdo-gun[sic, Shôzu-gun], Kagawa Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Teshima Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [Late Eocene].
Venericardia crenulicostata Nomura, 1933
Plate 30, Figures 14a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no.
1, p. 69, pl. 2, figs. 12a–16b. Holotype: IGPS no. 46221(Existing). Type locality: Station no. 18 (Nomura, 1933),
650 m SE of Jô-tsûshô-wan, Tsûshô-shô, Byôritsu-gun,Shinchiku-shu [currently Shangtongsiaowan, Tongwan
Village, Tongsiao Township, Miaoli County], Taiwan.
Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli Formation].
Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Venericardia (Cyclocardia) enaensis Kamada, 1962
Plate 30, Figure 15
Palaeont. Soc. Japan Spec. Pap., no. 8, p. 87, pl. 7, figs.
7, 8. Holotype: IGPS no. 79381 (Existing). Type locality:
Igamesaku, Nagasaki, Ena-machi [currently Ena, Iwaki
City], Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Honya
Formation. Geologic age: Miocene [late Early Miocene].
Venericardia (Cyclocardia) ferruginea complexa
Ogasawara, 1977
Plate 30, Figures 16a–b

55

 ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 47, no. 2,
S
p. 107, pl. 11, fig. 3a, b, pl. 12, fig. 4. Holotype: IGPS
no. 95127 (Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. KO-22(Ogasawara, 1977), cliff, distant from the road, 300 m W
of Kaminakamachi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Omma Formation. Geologic age:
Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Venericardia granulicostata Nomura, 1933
Plate 30, Figures 17a–e
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 1, p. 70, pl. 2, fig. 7a–d. Holotype: IGPS no. 46136(Existing). Type locality: 1,450 W of Hokkô, Ôbokô, Station
14, Shiko-shô, Byôritsu-gun, Shinchiku-shû [currently
Yamukeng, Jinshih Village, Hsihu Township, Miaoli
County], Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit: Byôritsu Beds
[Miaoli Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene [Pleistocene].
Venericardia millegrana Nomura and Zinbô, 1934
Plate 30, Figures 18a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 2, p. 154 (46), pl. 5 (1), figs. 13a–14b. Holotype:
IGPS no. 50375 (Existing). Type locality: Plateaux area
near Kamikatetu, Kikai-zima, [Kikai-cho, Oshima-gun],Kagoshima Prefecture. Lithostratigraphic unit: “Ryûkyû
Limestone”. Geologic age: Pleistocene.
Venericardia nagaoi Mizuno, 1964
Plate 30, Figure 19
R ep., Geol. Surv. Japan, no. 204, p. 57. Holotype:
IGPS no. 36314 (Existing). [=Venericardia nipponica
Yokoyama, sensu Nagao 1928b, pl. 13, fig. 11]. Type
locality: Nakayama Pass, Hôshuyama-mura, Asakuragun, Fukuoka Prefecture [currently Tôhô-mura, Asakuragun, Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kawamagari
Formation. Geologic age: Eocene.
Venericardia okinoshimaensis Mizuno, 1964
Plate 30, Figure 20
Rep., Geol. Surv. Japan, no. 204, p. 57. Holotype: IGPS no.
36371 (Existing) [=Venericardia nipponica Yokoyama, sensu
Nagao, 1928b, pl. 13, figs. 15, 15a]. Type locality: Abo,
Kôyagi-jima, Kôyagi-mura, Nishi-Sonogi-gun, Nagasaki
Prefecture [currently Abo, Kôyagi-machi, Nagasaki City,
Nagasaki Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Okinoshima
Formation. Geologic age: Eocene [Middle Eocene].
Venericardia (Megacardita) ommaensis Ogasawara, 1977
S ci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 47, no.
2, p. 106, pl. 10, figs. 2, 5, pl. 13, fig. 3. Holotype:
IGPS 95122 (Missing). Type locality: Loc. no. KO-15(Ogasawara, 1977), river-side cliff of Asano-gawa, 400

56

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubaram W of Tagamihonmachi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa
Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Omma Formation. Geologic
age: Pliocene [Early Pleistocene]. Remarks: Trominina
japonica (Takeda) from the Oligocene Charo Formation isregistered in the same number as the holotype.
Venericardia onukii Masuda and Takegawa, 1965
Plate 31, Figures 1a–b
Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull., no. 34, p. 12, pl. 1, figs.
15–22. Holotype: IGPS no. 90828 (formerly DGS no.
4683; Existing). Type locality: Loc. no. 13 (Masuda andTakegawa, 1965), river cliff about 200 m downstream ofDam, Taniyama, NW of Ashitate, Murata-machi, Shibatagun, Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Fukuda Memberof Kanagase Formation. Geologic age: Middle Miocene[late Late Miocene].
Venericardia quadriangulata Nomura and Zinbô, 1934
Plate 31, Figures 2a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 2, p. 155 (47), pl. 5 (1), figs. 15a–16b. Holotype:
IGPS no. 50385 (Existing). Type locality: Plateaux area
near Kamikatetu, Kikai-zima, [Kikai-cho, Oshima-gun],Kagoshima Prefecture. Lithostratigraphic unit: “Ryûkyû
Limestone”. Geologic age: Pleistocene.
Venericardia ryukyuensis Nomura and Zinbô, 1936
Plate 31, Figures 3a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 18, no.
3, p. 240 (12), pl. 11 (1), figs. 7a–8b. Holotype: IGPS no.
51344 (Existing). Type locality: Gabusoga, Haneji-mura,
Kunigami-gun [currently Nago City], Okinawa Prefecture.
Stratigraphic unit: Simaziri Beds [=Haneji Formation].
Geologic age: Early Pliocene [Early Pleistocene].
Venericardia subnipponica Nagao, 1928b
Plate 31, Figures 4a–c
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 55, pl. 14, fig. 19, 19a. Holotype: IGPS no. 36405(Existing). Type locality: Taya, Ashiya-machi, [Onga-gun],
Province of Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Yamaga Beds [Yamaga Formation]. Geologic age:
Oligocene.
Venericardia yoshidai Nagao, 1928b
Plate 31, Figure 5
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12,
no. 1, p. 57, pl. 12, fig. 14. Holotype: IGPS no. 36327(Existing). Type locality: Ôbô, near Arita-machi [currently
Arita-cho], Nishimatsuura-gun, Province of Hizen [SagaPrefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Kishima Beds [Kishima
Formation]. Geologic age: Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–

earliest Early Oligocene].
Veniella? japonica Nagao, 1930
Plate 31, Figures 6–7
Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 1, no. 1,
p. 21, pl. 2, figs. 1, 3a–c. Syntypes: IGPS nos. 35578,
44306, 44307 (Existing). Type locality: Goshonourajima [sic, Goshoura-jima], Province of Higo [currently
Goshoura, Goshouramachi, Amakusa City, Kumamoto
Prefecture]. Stratigraphic unit: Goshonoura Group in
Goshonoura area. Geologic age: Cretaceous [Albian(?)–
Cenomanian, Cretaceous].
Venus (Chione) byoritsuensis Nomura, 1933
Plate 31, Figure 8
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 1, p. 84, pl. 3, fig. 7a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 48061(Existing). Type locality: Station no. 48 (Nomura, 1933),
Chû-tsushô-wan, Tsûshô-shô, Byôritsu-gun, Shinchiku-shû[currently Shangtongsiaowan, Tongwan Village, Tongsiao
Township, Miaoli County], Taiwan. Lithostratigraphic unit:
Byôritsu Beds [Miaoli Formation]. Geologic age: Pliocene[Pleistocene].
Venus (Chione) taiwanensis Nomura, 1933
Plate 31, Figure 9
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16, no.
1, p. 86, pl. 1, figs. 12a–13b. Holotype: IGPS no. 47771(Existing). Type locality: Hanpeizan, Okayama-gun, Takaoshû [currently Ban Pin Shan, Kaohsiung City], Taiwan.
Lithostratigraphic unit: “Riukiu Limestone” [correlative of
the Ryukyu Limestone]. Geologic age: Pleistocene.
Venus (Chione) yabei Nomura and Zinbô, 1934
Plate 31, Figures 10a–b
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 16,
no. 2, p. 156 (48), pl. 5 (1), fig. 18a, b. Holotype: IGPS
no. 50651 (Existing). Type locality: Plateaux area near
Kamikatetu [=Kamikatetsu], Kikai-zima, [Kikai-cho,Oshima-gun], Kagoshima Prefecture. Lithostratigraphic
unit: “Ryûkyû Limestone”. Geologic age: Pleistocene.
Volsella yokoyamai Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949
Plate 31, Figures 11a–b
Jour. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 90, pl. 23, figs. 13, 14.
Holotype: IGPS no. 72504 (Existing). Type locality: Near
the Mimatsu Colliery, Ogawa, Kawabe-mura, Ishiki-gun[sic, Iwaki-gun] [currently Kawabemachi, Iwaki City],
Fukushima Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Iwaki Formation.
Geologic age: Oligocene [latest Late Eocene–earliest
Early Oligocene].

57

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
Waagenoperna elongata Nakazawa and Murata, 1966
Plate 31, Figure 12
Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, vol. 32, no. 4, p. 312,
pl. 4, fig. 1a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 85764 (Existing). Type
locality: Kanayama-zawa, near the Omine mine, Tono
City, Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Kamihei Groupin Kamihei area. Geologic age: Neocomian, Cretaceous.
Yabepecten ogasawarai Matsubara, 2003
Plate 31, Figures 13a–b
Paleontol. Res., vol. 7, no. 2, p. 169, Figs. 2, 3, 4.2, 4.4,
4.6a, b. Holotype: IGPS no. 98911 (Existing). Type locality:
Bed of the Sagae River, about 250 m downstream of"Uwano-o-hashi" (Uwano big bridge) over the Sagae Riverand about 500 m S-SE of the hamlet of Uwano, [Shiraiwa],
Sagae City, Yamagata Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit: Oya
Tuffaceous Sandstone Member of the Hongô Formation.
Geologic age: Late Miocene.
Yoldia iwatensis Hatai, 1940
Plate 31, Figures 14a–b
Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, vol. 10, no. 9, p. 121, pl. 1,
figs. 5, 6. Holotype: IGPS no. 61348 (Existing). Type
locality: Kadonosawa, Nisatai-mura, Ninohe-gun [currently
Fukuoka, Ninohe City], Iwate Prefecture. Stratigraphic
unit: Kadonosawa Beds [=Kadonosawa Formation].
Geologic age: Miocene [latest Early–earliest Middle
Miocene].
Yoldia scaphoides Nagao, 1928b
Plate 31, Figures 15a–c
Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geol.), vol. 12, no.
1, p. 23, pl. 2, figs. 29, 29a. Holotype: IGPS no. 35987(Existing). Type locality: Taya, Ashiya-machi, Onga-gun,
Province of Chikuzen [Fukuoka Prefecture]. Stratigraphic
unit: Yamaga Beds [Yamaga Formation]. Geologic age:
Oligocene.
Zirfaea hataii Masuda and Noda, 1969
Plate 31, Figure 16
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 75, p. 133, pl.
14, figs. 3, 4. Holotype: IGPS no. 86742 (Existing). Type
locality: Gôroku cliff along the right bank of the Hirosegawa, near the waterway tunnel of the Sankyozawa
Electric Plant, in the western border of Sendai City [sic,Gôroku, Miyagi-machi, Miyagi-gun][currently Aobaku, Sendai City], Miyagi Prefecture. Stratigraphic unit:
Tatsunokuchi Formation. Geologic age: Early Pliocene[latest Late Miocene–earliest Early Pliocene].

References
Akiyama, M., 1962: Studies on the phylogeny of Patinopecten in
Japan. Science Reports of the Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, Section
C, Geology, Mineralogy, and Geography, vol. 8, no. 74, p.
63–122, pls. 1–8.
Akutsu, J., 1964*: The geology and paleontology of Shiobara andits vicinity, Tochigi Prefecture. Science Reports of the Tohoku
University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 35, no. 3, p. 211–293,
pls. 57–66.
Amano, K., 1994: Diversity of Chlamys (Bivalvia) from the
Pliocene Ogikubo Formation, central Japan. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 176, p. 661–676.
Amano, K., 1996: Taxonomy and distribution of boreal species ofMacoma (Bivalvia) from the Plio-Pleistocene strata in the Japan
Sea borderland. Bulletin of Joetsu University of Education, vol.
16, no. 1, p. 289–298. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Amano, K., Lutaenko, K. A. and Matsubara, T., 1999: Taxonomy anddistribution of Macoma (Rexithaerus) (Bivalvia: Tellinidae) in
the northwestern Pacific. Paleontological Research, vol. 3, no.
2, p. 95­–105.
Dall, W. H., 1884: Conrtributions to the history of the Commander
Islands, No. 3—Report on the Mollusca of the Commander
Islands, Bering Sea, collected by Leonard Stejneger in 1882
and 1883. Proceeding of the United States National Museum,vol. 7, p. 340–349, pl. 2.
Endo, R., 1935*: Additional fossils from the Canadian andOrdovician rocks of the southern part of Manchoukuo. Science
Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University, Second Series(Geology), vol. 16, no. 4, p. 191–223, pls. 10–15.
Fujiwara, O., 1992*: A new species of Halicardia (Bivalvia) from theLate Miocene of Miyagi Prefecture, northeast Honshu, Japan.
Saito Ho-on Kai Museum of Natural History Research Bulletin,no. 60, p. 9–21.
Gmelin, J. F., 1791: Classis VI. Vermes. In, Gmelin, J. F. ed.,
Systema naturae, Per regna tria naturae, secundum classes,
ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis,
synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia aucta, reformata. Tomus I,
Pars VI, p. 3021–3909. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae.
Grabau, A. W. and King, S. G., 1928: Shells of Peitaiho. 2nd.
Edition. [vi] + 279 p., 11 pls. Peking Laboratory of Natural
History, Peking.
Habe, T., 1958: Report on the Mollusca chiefly collected by the s.s.
Sôyô-maru of the Imperial Fisheries Experimental Station on
the continental shelf bordering Japan during the years 1922–
1930. Part 3. Lamellibaranchia (1). Publications of the Seto
Marine Biological Laboratory, vol. 6, no. 3, p. 241–280, pls.
11–13.
Habe, T., 1967: Review: Hiroshi Noda (1966), The Cenozoic Arcidae
of Japan, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., (2) 38(1), pp. 1–161, pls.
1–14 (1966). Venus (Japanese Journal of Malacology), vol. 26,
no. 2, p. 50–52. (in Japanese)
Hanzawa, S., Asano, K. and Takai, F. eds., 1961: Catalogue ofType-Specimens of Fossils in Japan. Palaeontological Societyof Japan, 25th Anniversary Volume. 422 p. PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan, Tokyo.
Hatai, K. M. [=Hatai, K.], 1940*: On some fossils from the Ninohe
District, Mutu Province, northeast Honsyû, Japan (No. 1).
Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, vol. 10, no. 9,
p. 119–138, pl. 1.
Hatai, K., 1941*: Additional fossils from certain Miocene formations.

58

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, vol. 11, no.
13, p. 105–112, pl. 3.
Hatai, K., 1951*: A Lower Cretaceous Teredo. Short Papers fromthe Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tôhoku University,
Sendai, no. 3, p. 29–32, pl. 5.
Hatai, K. and Koike, K., 1957*: On some fossil Mollusca from
Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Japanese Journal of Geology andGeography, vol. 28, nos., 1­3, p. 77–90, pl. 4.
Hatai, K. and Kotaka, T., 1952*: On some Lower Miocene marine
shells. Short Papers from the Institute of Geology andPaleontology, Tôhoku University, Sendai, no. 4, p. 70–86, pl. 7.
Hatai, K. and Masuda, K., 1953*: On the Pecten notoensis
Yokoyama (On the Miocene Pectinidae from the environs
of Sendai, part 2). Transactions and Proceedings of the
Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, no. 11, p.
75–82, pl. 7.
Hatai, K. and Masuda, K., 1960*: A new Miocene Myadora from
Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, northeast Honshu, Japan. Saito Hoon Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 29, p. 32–34.
Hatai, K. and Masuda, K., 1962*: Megafossils from near HigashiMatsuyama City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 46, p. 254–262, pl. 40.
Hatai, K., Masuda, K. and Noda, H., 1974*: Marine fossils from the
Moniwa Formation distributed along the Natori River, Sendai,
northeast Japan. Part 4. A new species of Chlamys. Saito Hoon Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 43, p. 35–41.
Hatai, K., Masuda, K. and Suzuki, Y., 1961*: A note on the Pliocene
megafossil fauna from the Shimokita Peninsula, Aomori
Prefecture, northeast Honshu, Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum
Research Bulletin, no. 30, p. 18–38.
Hatai, K. M. and Nakamura, M., 1940*: A new species of Crenella
from the Nanakita Beds in the vicinity of Sendai, Miyagi-ken.
Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, vol. 10, no. 7,
p. 113–114.
Hatai, K. M. and Nisiyama, S., 1939 [“1938”]*: Remarks on certain
fossils from the borderland of the Japan Sea. Japanese Journalof Geology and Geography, vol. 16, nos. 1­–2, p. 123–154, pl. 9.
Hatai, K. and Nisiyama, S., 1949*: New Tertiary Mollusca fromJapan. Journal of Paleontology, vol. 23, no. 7, p. 87–94, pls.
23–24.
Hatai, K. and Nisiyama, S., 1951*: A new Miocene Glycymeris fromJapan. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 21, p.
1–2.
Hatai, K. and Nisiyama, S., 1952*: Check list of Japanese Tertiarymarine Mollusca. Science Reports of the Tôhoku University,
Second Series (Geology), Special Volume, no. 3, p. 1–464.
Hayami, I., 1965a: Lower Cretaceous marine pelecypods of Japan,
part I. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University,
Series D, Geology, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 221–349, pls. 27–52.
Hayami, I., 1965b: Lower Cretaceous marine pelecypods of Japan,
part II. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University,
Series D, Geology, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 73–150, pls. 7–21.
Hayami, I., 1966: Lower Cretaceous marine pelecypods of Japan,
part III. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University,
Series D, Geology, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 151–249, pls. 22–26.
Hayami, I., 1975: A systematic survey of the Mesozoic Bivalvia
from Japan. The University Museum, the University of Tokyo,
Bulletin, no. 10, p. 1–249.
Hayami, I. and Kase, T., 1977: A systematic survey of the Paleozoic
and Mesozoic Gastropoda and Paleozoic Bivalvia from Japan.
The University Museum, the University of Tokyo, Bulletin, no.

13, p. 1–154.
Hayasaka, I., 1920*: A new species of Conularia from southern
Kitakami, Japan. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan,
vol. 27, no. 327, p. 87–90.
Hayasaka, I., 1924*: Some Permian fossils from the Kitakami
mountains. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, vol.
2, no. 4, p. 107–116, pl. 15.
Hayasaka, I., 1925a*: Fossils in the roofing slate of Ogachi, Prov.
Rikuzen. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, vol. 3,
no. 2, p. 45–53, pl. 6.
Hayasaka, I., 1925b*: On Some Paleozoic molluscs of Japan. I.
Lamellibranchiata and Scaphopoda. Science Reports of the
Tôhoku Imperial University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 8,
no. 2, p. 1–29, pls. 8–9.
Hayasaka, I. and Hayasaka, S., 1960*: Molluscan fossils from
Tungyüping in he Oenghu Islands, Taiwan. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 38, p. 263–274, pl. 31.
Hayasaka, I. and Uozumi, S., 1954: Paleontological note on the two
fossil species of the genus Pitar in Hokkaidô. Journal of theFaculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology andMineralogy, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 381–389, pl. 24.
Hayasaka, S., 1956*: Pliocene Mollusca from the Futaba district,
Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum
Research Bulletin, no. 25, p. 13–21.
Hayasaka, S., 1957*: Miocene marine Mollusca from the Kurosawa
Formation in Akita and Iwate Prefectures, Japan. Saito Ho-on
Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 26, p. 24–30.
Hayasaka, S., 1961*: The geology and paleontology of the Atsumi
Peninsula, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Science Reports of the
Tohoku University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 33, no. 1, p.
1–103, pls. 1–12.
Honda, Y., 1980*: A new Chlamys from the Shitakara Formationof the Urahoro Group, Kushiro Coal Field, eastern Hokkaido.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no. 117, p. 255–263, pl. 30.
Honda, Y., 1981a*: Corbiculid Mollusca from the Urahoro Group,
Kushiro Coal Field, eastern Hokkaido. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 121, p. 14–28, pls. 2–3.
Honda, Y., 1981b*: A new Clinocardium from the Omagari Formationof the Ombetsu Group, Kushiro Coal Field, eastern Hokkaido.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no. 122, p. 127–134, pl. 15.
Honda, Y., 1988*: Molluscan fossils from the Atsunai Group, Kushiro
Coal Field, eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. Saito Hoon Kai Special Publication, no. 2 (Professor Tamio Kotaka
Commemorative Volume on Molluscan Paleontology), p. 351–
363, pls. 1–4. Saito Ho-on Kai, Sendai.
Honda, Y., 1989*: Paleogene molluscan fauna from the Kushiro
Coal Field, eastern Hokkaido. Science Reports of the Tohoku
University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 60, no. 1, p. 1–137,
pls. 1–10.
Hu, C.-H., 1992: Molluscan fossils from the late raised coral reefs
in the vicinity of Haikou Village in the Hengchun Peninsula. In,
Taiwan Molluscan Fossils, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 465–569. National
Museum of Natural Science, Taichun. (in Chinese)
Huang, C.-Y. and Masuda, K., 2001: Book review, “Fossil Mollusks
of Taiwan”, with notes on the fossil identifications andtaxonomical problems. Taiwan Mining Industry, vol. 53, p.
1–10. (in Chinese)
Ichikawa, K. and Maeda, Y., 1963: Late Cretaceous pelecypods

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
from the Izumi group. Part 3. Order Heterodontida (1). Journalof Geoscience, Osaka City University, vol. 7, p. 113–136, pls.
8–11.
Ikebe, N., 1941: On Katelysia (Nipponomarcia) nakamurai, subgen.
et sp. nov., from the Togarian Miocene of Japan. Venus, vol.
11, nos. 2–3, p. 51–53, pl. 2.
Jeffreys, J. G., 1864 [“1863”]: British Conchology, or an Accountof the Mollusca, Which Now Inhabit the British Isles and theSurrounding Seas. Vol. 2. Marine Shells, Comprising theBrachiopoda, and Conchifera From the Family of Anomiidae toThat of Mactridae. xiv + 465 p., 8 pls. J. Van Voorst, London.
Jousseaume, F., 1894: Description d’une espèce nouvelle decoquille du Japon du genre Arca. Humming Bird, vol. 4, p.
41–45.
Kamada, Y., 1952*: On some species of Cyclina from Japan and
Korea. Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan, New Series, no. 6, p. 167–173, pl. 15.
Kamada, Y., 1954*: Patinopecten kobiyamai, a new Miocene
scallop from the Joban Coal-Field, Japan. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 15, p. 173–178, pl. 23.
Kamada, Y., 1955*: On the Tertiary species of Thracia from Japan.
Science reports of the Faculty of Arts and Literature, Nagasaki
University, no. 4, p. 93–107.
Kamada, Y., 1962*: Tertiary marine Mollusca from the Joban Coalfield, Japan. Palaeontological Society of Japan, Special
Papers, no. 8, p. 1–187, pls. 1–21.
Kanno, S., 1956: On some glycymerid molluscs from Japan.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no. 24, p. 267–272, pl. 38.
Kase, T., 2004: Paleozoic Bivalvia, including Rostroconchia. In,
Ikeya, N., Hirano, H. and Ogasawara, K., eds., The Databaseof Japanese Fossil Type Specimens Described During the 20th
Century (Part 4), p. 64–70, Palaeontological Society of Japan,
Tokyo.
Katto, J. and Masuda, K., 1978*: Tertiary Mollusca from the southernpart of Kii Peninsula, Wakayama Prefecture, Southwest Japan.
Research Reports of the Kochi University, Natural Science, vol.
27, p. 97–111, pls. 1–5.
Khomenko, I. P., 1934: Stratigrafiya tretichnikh sloev yugozapadnogo poberezhya poluostrova Shmidta (sev. Sakhalin).
[The stratigraphy of the Tertiary beds of the south-western
coast of the Schmidt Peninsula (northern Sakhalin). Trudy
Neftyanogo Geologo-Razvedochanogo Instituta, vol. 40, p.
12–86, pls. 1–19. (in Russian with English abstract)
Kim, B. K., Noda, H. and Yoon, S., 1974*: Molluscan fossils from
the Miocene Eoil Formation, Gampo and Ulsan Districts,
southeastern-side of Korea. Transactions and Proceedings of
the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, no. 93, p.
266–285, pls. 38–39.
Kobayashi, T. and Nakano, M., 1957: On the Pterotrigoniinae.
Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, vol. 28, no. 4, p.
219–238, pls. 16–17.
Kotaka, T., 1950*: A new Clinocardium from Aomori Prefecture.
Short Papers from the Institute of Geology and Paleontology,
Tôhoku University, Sendai, no. 2, p. 46–50, pl. 5.
Kotaka, T., 1953*: Variation of Japanese Anadara granosa.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no. 10, p. 31–36, pl. 4.
Kotaka, T., 1955*: Molluscan fauna from the Oligocene Isomatsu
Formation, Aomori Prefecture, Northeast Japan. Saito Ho-on
Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 24, p. 23–31.

59

Kotaka, T., 1977*: Southern genus Bassina (Pelecypoda) from IndoPacific region. In, Kobayashi, T., Toriyama, R. and Hashimoto,W. eds., Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, vol.
18, p. 125–132, pI. 22. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
Kotaka, T. and Noda, H., 1967*: Miocene Mollusca from the MinamiTsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Northeast Japan. Saito Hoon Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 36, p. 33–47.
Kotaka, T. and Noda, H., 1977*: Additional notes on the Miocene
Pitogo Fauna of the Bondoc Peninsula, the Philippines. Part
1. Systematic description of Pelecypoda. In, Kobayashi,T., Toriyama, R. and Hashimoto, W. eds., Geology andPalaeontology of Southeast Asia, vol. 18, p. 133–148, pls.
23–25. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
Kurihara, Y., 2010: Middle and Late Miocene marine Bivalvia fromthe northern Kanto Region, Central Japan. National Museum of
Nature and Science, Monograph, no. 41, i–vii, 1–87.
Kuroda, T. and Habe, T., 1951*: Nomenclatorial notes. In, Kuroda, T.
ed., Illustrated Catalogue of Japanese Shells, no. 13, p. 86. T.
Habe, Kyoto.
MacNeil, F. S., 1938*: Species and genera of Noetinae. UnitedStates Geological Survey Professional Paper, 189-A, p. 1–49,
pls. 1–6.
Makiyama, J., 1926: Tertiary fossils from North Kankyô-dô, Korea.
Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University,
Series B, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 143–160, pls. 12–13.
Masuda, K., 1952*: On some Miocene Pectinidae from theenvirons of Sendai. Transactions and Proceedings of the
Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, no. 8, p. 249–
254.
Masuda, K., 1953a*: On the Miocene Pectinidae from the environs
of Sendai; Part3. Two Miocene pectens. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 12, p. 83–87.
Masuda, K., 1953b*: A new species of Patinopecten from Ibaragi
Prefecture. Short Papers from the Institute of Geology andPaleontology, Tôhoku University, Sendai, no. 5, p. 41–50. pls.
5–6.
Masuda, K., 1954a*: Fossil Pectinidae from Fukuoka-machi,
Ninohe-gun, Iwate Prefecture. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum
Research Bulletin, no. 23, p. 11–15.
Masuda, K., 1954b*: On the Miocene Pectinidae from the environs
of Sendai. Part 6. A new pectinid from the Moniwa Formation.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no. 15, p. 159–162.
Masuda, K., 1955*: Miocene Mollusca from Noto Peninsula, Japan.
Part 1 (I). Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan, New Series, no. 20, p. 119–127, pl. 19.
Masuda, K., 1956*: Some fossil Pectinidae from the Oido Formation,
Wakuya-machi, Tôda-gun, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Saito Hoon Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 25, p. 22–26.
Masuda, K., 1957: A note on Miyagipecten matsumoriensis Masuda.
Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 26, p. 31–40.
Masuda, K., 1958a*: On the Miocene Pectinidae from the environs
of Sendai; part 11, Pecten (Chlamys) crassivenius Yokoyama
and its related species. Transactions and Proceedings of the
Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, no. 31, p.
223–229, pl. 32.
Masuda, K., 1958b*: On the Miocene Pectinidae from the environs
of Sendai; part 12. On Pecten kagamianus Yokoyama.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no. 32, p. 271–284, pls. 40–41.
Masuda, K., 1958c*: On Pecten iwasakiensis Nomura and its

60

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

related species from northeastern Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai
Museum Research Bulletin, no. 27, p. 45–51.
Masuda, K., 1959*: On the Miocene Pectinidae from the environs of
Sendai; part 15, Pecten cosibensis Yokoyama and its related
species. Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan, New Series, no. 35, p. 121–132, pl. 13.
Masuda, K., 1960*: On the Miocene Pectinidae from the environs
of Sendai; part 16, Pecten kimurai Yokoyama and Palliolum
cf. peckhami (Gabb). Transactions and Proceedings of the
Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, no. 38, p.
249–262, pls. 29–30.
Masuda, K., 1962a*: Tertiary Pectinidae of Japan. Science Reportsof the Tohoku University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 33, no.
2, p. 117–238, pls. 18–27
Masuda, K., 1962b*: Pectinid fauna from the Pliocene SannoheGroup, Aomori Prefecture, northeast Honshu, Japan. Saito Hoon Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 31, p. 20–28.
Masuda, K., 1963*: Remarks on some fossil Dosinia of Japan.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no. 49, p. 29–38, pl. 6.
Masuda, K., 1966a: Molluscan fauna of the Higashi-innai Formationof Noto Peninsula, Japan—I. A general consideration of thefauna. Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan, New Series, no. 63, p. 261–293.
Masuda, K. 1966b*: Molluscan fauna of the Higashi-innai Formationof Noto Peninsula, Japan—II; remarks on molluscan
assemblage and description of species. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 64, p. 317–337, pls. 35–36.
Masuda, K., 1967*: Dosinia kaneharai Yokoyama and its allied
species. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 36, p.
19–31.
Masuda, K. and Akutsu, J., 1956*: A new fossil Chlamys fromthe environs of Utsunomiya City, Japan. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 21, p. 129–132.
Masuda, K. and Huang, C-Y., 1994: Tertiary and Quaternary
Pectinidae from northern Taiwan. Journal of the GeologicalSociety of China, vol. 37, p. 497–548.
Masuda, K. and Miyasaka, Y., 1994*: A new fossil Nemocardium
from Akita Prefecture, Northeast Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai
Museum of Natural History Research Bulletin, no. 62, p. 1–5.
Masuda, K., Miyasaka, Y., Sato, R. and Yoshida, S., 1994: On some
Miocene pectinids from the Sugota Formation, Akita Prefecture,
Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum of Natural History Research
Bulletin, no. 62, p. 7–21.
Masuda, K. and Noda, H., 1969*: Pliocene boring shells and theirburrows from the environs of Sendai, Japan. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 75, p. 130–135, pl. 14.
Masuda, K. and Noda, H., 1976: Check List and Bibliography of the
Tertiary and Quaternary Mollusca of Japan, 1950–1974. 494 p.
Saito Ho-on Kai, Sendai.
Masuda, K. and Takegawa, H., 1965*: Remarks on the Miocene
molluscs from the Sennan district, Miyagi Prefecture, northeast
Honshu, Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Research Bulletin,no. 34, p. 1–14.
Masuda, K. and Sato, Y., 1988*: Molluscan fauna of the Yaeyama
Group in Iriomote-jima, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Saito Hoon Kai Special Publication, no. 2 (Professor Tamio Kotaka
Commemorative Volume on Molluscan Paleontology), p. 439–
449, pls. 1–4.

Masuda, K. and Sawada, Y., 1961*: Some new Tertiary pectinids
from southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Japanese Journal of
Geology and Geography, vol. 32, no. 1, p. 19–29, pl. 4.
Matsubara, T., 1994*: A new Miocene Rexithaerus (Mollusca:
Bivalvia) from the Kadonosawa Formation of Iwate Prefecture,
Northeast Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum of Natural History
Research Bulletin, no. 62, p. 23–32, pls. 1–2.
Matsubara, T., 1995*: Fossil Mollusca of the Lower Miocene
Yotsuyaku Formation in the Ninohe district, Iwate Prefecture,
Northeast Japan. Part 2 (1). Bivalvia and Scaphopoda.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no. 180, p. 321–335.
Matsubara, T., 2003*: A new Miocene Yabepecten (Bivalvia:
Pectinidae) from the Hongô Formation in northeast Japan.
Paleontological Research, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 167–179.
Matsubara, T., 2011: Miocene shallow marine molluscs fromthe Hokutan Group in the Tajima area, Hyôgo Prefecture,southwest Japan. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, no.
37, p. 51–113.
Matsubara, T., 2016*: Nicaniella (Trautscholdia) nagaoi, a new
replacement name for Astarte minor Nagao, 1934, non Astarte
sulcata var. minor Jeffreys, 1864 [“1863”] (Mollusca: Bivalvia:
Astartidae). Bulletin of the Tohoku University Museum, no. 15, p.
107.
Matsubara, T., Noro, I., Matsuura, N. and Irizuki, T., 2014: Miocene
Mollusca from the Ichibu Formation on Nishinoshima Island,
Oki Islands, Southwest Japan. Paleontological Research, vol.
18, no. 1, p. 6–32.
Matsubara, T., Sasaki, T., Ito, Y. and Amano, K., 2011: Illustrationsof Cenozoic molluscan type specimens preserved in the
University Museum, the University of Tokyo. Part 11. The
superfamily Ostreoidea (Bivalvia). Chiribotan, vol. 41, nos. 3–4,
p. 138–151. (in Japanese)
Matsukuma, A., 1979: Glycymeridid bivalves from Japan andadjacent areas—I. Alphabetical list of the species allocatedto the family Glycymerididae. Venus (Japanese Journal of
Malacology), vol. 38, no. 2, p. 95–128.
Matsukuma, A. and Okamoto, K., 1986: New glycymeridid bivalves(Mollusca) from Japan. Memoirs of the National Science
Museum, Tokyo, no. 19, p. 91–100.
Matsumoto, H., 1930*: On the marine faunae of three fossil zonesof the Upper Miocene of Natori District, Province of Rikuzen.
Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University, Second
Series (Geology), vol. 13, no. 3, p. 95–109, pls. 39–40.
Matsumoto, T. and Harada, M. 1964: Cretaceous stratigraphy of the
Yubari dome, Hokkaido. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science,
Kyusyu University, Series D, Geology, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 79–115,
pls. 9–11.
Matsuoka, K. and Ugai, H., 2001: Non-marine Mollusca. In, Ikeya,
N., Hirano, H. and Ogasawara, K., eds., The Database ofJapanese Fossil Type Specimens Described During the 20th
Century (Part 1), p. 396–413, Palaeontological Society ofJapan, Tokyo.
Meek, F. B., 1864: Remarks on the family Pteriidae, (=Aviculidae)
with descriptions of some new fossil genera. American Journalof Science and Arts, Second Series, vol. 37, p. 212–220.
Mizuno, A., 1964*: Paleogene and early Neogene molluscan faunae
in west Japan. Report, Geological Survey of Japan, no. 204, p.
1–71.
Murata, M., 1964*: Some Middle Permian Aviculopectinidae fromthe Kitakami Massif, Northeast Japan. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
Series, no. 54, p. 215–233, pls. 34–35.
Murata, M., 1969*: Molluscan fauna of the Toyoma Formation (Late
Permian). Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 38,
p. 1–21.
Murata, M., 1971*: Fusulinid biostratigraphy and molluscan faunafrom the uppermost part of the Sakamotozawa Formation,and the pre-Kanokura unconformity, in the southern partof the Kitakami Massif, northeast Japan. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 82, p. 93–116, pl. 13–14.
Murata, M., 1973*: Triassic fossils from the Kitakami Massif,
Northeast Japan: Part 1, Pelecypods and Brachiopods of theOsawa and the Fukkoshi formations. Science Reports of the
Tohoku University, Second Series (Geology), Special Volume,no. 6 (Professor Kotora Hatai Memorial Volume), p. 267–275,
pl. 29.
Nagao, T., 1928a*: Palaeogene fossils of the Island of Kyûshû,Japan. Part I. Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial
University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 9, no. 3, p. 97–128,
pls. 18–22.
Nagao, T., 1928b*: Palaeogene fossils of the Island of Kyûshû,Japan. Part II. Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial
University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 12, no. 1, p. 11–140,
pls. 1–17.
Nagao, T., 1930*: On some Cretaceous fossils from the Islandsof Amakusa, Kyûshû, Japan. Journal of the Faculty of
Science, Hokkaido Imperial University. Series 4, Geology andMineralogy, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 1–25, pls. 1–3.
Nagao, T., 1932*: Some Cretaceous mollusca from Japanese
Saghalin and Hokkaido (Lamellibranchiata and Gastropoda).
Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University.
Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 23–50, pls.
10–13.
Nagao, T., 1934*: Cretaceous Mollusca from the Miyako District,Honshu, Japan (Lamellibranchiata and Gastropoda). Journal of
the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University. Series 4,
Geology and Mineralogy, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 177–278, pls. 23–39.
Nagao, T., 1943*: Pholadomya from Japan. Journal of theGeological Society of Japan, vol. 50, no. 596, p.153–160, pls.
12–13.
Nagao, T. and Matumoto, T., 1939*: A monograph of the Cretaceous
Inoceramus of Japan part I. Journal of the Faculty of
Science, Hokkaido Imperial University, Series 4, Geology andMineralogy, vol. 4, no. 3–4, p. 241–299, pls. 23–34.
Nagao, T. and Matumoto, T., 1940*: A monograph of the Cretaceous
Inoceramus of Japan part II. Journal of the Faculty of
Science, Hokkaido Imperial University, Series 4, Geology andMineralogy, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1–64, pls. 1–22.
Nakamura, M., 1940a*: On some Pectinidae fossils from the
Miocene deposits of the Tomiya Block, Miyagi-ken, northeast
Honsyû, Japan. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography,
vol. 17, nos. 1–­2, p. 1–15, pls. 1–2.
Nakamura, M., 1940b*: An interesting Pecten from the Nanakita
Beds, Nenosiroisi-mura, Miyagi-gun, Miyagi-ken. Journal of theGeological Society of Japan, vol. 47, no. 561, p. 37–38.
Nakano, M. and Numano, K., 1961: On some Gyliakian
Pterotrigoniae from Kyushu and Hokkaido. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 43, p. 89–98, pl. 13.
Nakazawa, K., 1967: Restudy of some described Permian bivalve
species from Japan. With an appendix: Redescriptionof Myophoria japonica Hayasaka. In, Publication in

61

Commemoration of Prof. Ichiro Hayasaka's 76th Birthday, p.
165–174, pl. 6. Hayasaka Ichiro Sensei Kiju Kinen Jigyo-Kai(c/o Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University), Kanazawa. (inJapanese, appendix in English)
Nakazawa, K. and Murata, M., 1966*: On the lower Cretaceous
fossils found near the Omine Mine, Iwate Prefecture,
Northeastern Japan. Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto
University, Series B, no. 32, p. 303–333.
Nakazawa, K. and Newell, N. D., 1968: Permian bivalves of Japan.
Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Series ofGeology and Mineralogy, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1–108, pls. 1–11.
Natori, H., 1964*: Some molluscan fossils from the Tertiary
Muro Group in the Kii Peninsula, Japan. Transactions andProceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New
Series, no. 55, p. 247–255, pl. 36.
Noda, H., 1962a [“1961”]*: Serripes (Mollusca) from Japan and
Saghalien. Science Reports of the Tohoku University, Second
Series (Geology), Special Volume, no. 5 (Professor Enzo
Konno Memorial Volume), p. 219–232, pls. 36–39.
Noda, H., 1962b*: The geology and paleontology of the environsof Matsunoyama, Niigata Prefecture, with reference to the socalled black shale. Science Reports of the Tohoku University,
Second Series (Geology), vol. 34, no. 3, p. 199–236, pl. 16.
Noda, H., 1965*: Some fossil Anadara from Southwest Japan.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no. 59, p. 92–109, pls. 10–11.
Noda, H., 1966a*: The Cenozoic Arcidae of Japan. Science Reportsof the Tohoku University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 38, no.
1, p. 1–161, pls. 1–14.
Noda, H., 1966b*: Description of Angulararca (Mollusca:
Pelecypoda), new genus. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Research
Bulletin, no. 35, p. 13–19.
Noda, H., 1970*: Freshwater molluscs from the coal-bearing Owada
Formation, southwest Rumoi, Hokkaido, Japan. Transactions
and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan,
New Series, no. 77, p. 235–242, pl. 25.
Noda, H., 1971*: New anadarid and associated molluscan faunafrom the Haneji Formation, Okinawa-jima, Ryukyu Islands.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no. 81, p. 27–51, pls. 6–7.
Noda, H. and Furuichi, M., 1972*: A new species of Isognomon
from the Miocene Teshima Formation, Shodo-gun, Kagawa
Prefecture, southwestern Japan. Venus (Japanese Journalof Malacology), vol. 31, no. 3, p. 119–121. (in Japanese withEnglish abstract)
Noda, H. and Tada, M., 1968*: Anadarids from the Shizukuishi
Basin, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Transactions and Proceedingsof the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, no. 69, p.
193–206, pl. 22.
Noda, Y., 1992*: Neogene molluscan faunas from the Haboro
Coal-field, Hokkaido, Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku
University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 62, nos. 1­– 2, p.
1–140, pls. 1–16.
Nomura, S., 1933*: Catalogue of the Tertiary and Quaternary
Mollusca from the Island of Taiwan (Formosa) in the Institute ofGeology and Paleontology, Tôhoku Imperial University, Sendai,
Japan. Part I. Pelecypoda. Science Reports of the Tôhoku
Imperial University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 16, no. 1, p.
1–108, pls. 1–4.
Nomura, S., 1935a*: A note on some fossil Mollusca from the
Takikawa Beds of the northwestern part of Hokkaido, Japan.
Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University, Second

62

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Series (Geology), vol. 18. no. 1, p. 31–39, pl. 4.
Nomura, S., 1935b: Miocene Mollusca from the Nisi-Tugaru District,
Aomori-ken, Northeast Honsyû, Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai
Museum Research Bulletin, no. 6, p. 19–81, pls. 2–8.
Nomura, S., 1937*: The molluscan fauna from the Pliocene of Tosa.
Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, vol. 14, nos.
3–4, p. 67–90, pl. 6.
Nomura, S., 1938*: Molluscan fossils from the Tatunokuti shell
bed exposed at Gôroku Cliff in the western border of Sendai.
Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University, Second
Series (Geology), vol. 19, no. 2, p. 235–275, pls. 33–36.
Nomura, S. and Hatai, K., 1936*: A new species of Lithophaga from
the Miocene of the Ninohe district, Iwate Prefecture. Saito Hoon Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 10, p. 211–212.
Nomura, S. and Hatai, K., 1937: A list of Miocene Mollusca andBrachiopoda collected from the region lying north of the
Nanakita River in the vicinity of Sendai, Rikuzen Province,
Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Research Bulletin, no. 13, p.
121–145, pls. 17–21.
Nomura, S. and Hatai, K., 1939 [“1938”]*: Fossil Mollusca fromthe Neogene of Izumo. Japanese Journal of Geology andGeography, vol. 16, nos. 1–2, p. 1–9, pl. 1.
Nomura, S. and Niino, H., 1932*: Fossil Mollusca from Izu and
Hakone. Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University,
Second Series (Geology), vol. 15, no. 3, p. 169–192, pls. 11–
12.
Nomura, S. and Zinbô, N., 1934*: Marine Mollusca from the “Ryûkyû
Limestone” of Kikai-zima, Ryûkyû Group. Science Reports of
the Tôhoku Imperial University, Second Series (Geology), vol.
16, no. 2, p. 109–164, pl. 5.
Nomura, S. and Zinbô, N., 1936*: Molluscan fossils from the
Simaziri Beds of Okinawa-zima, Ryûkyû Islands. Science
Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University, Second Series(Geology), vol. 18, no. 3, p. 229–266, pl. 11.
Ogasawara, K., 1976*: Miocene Mollusca from Ishikawa-Toyama
Area, Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku University, Second
Series (Geology), vol. 46, no. 2, p. 33–78, pls. 11–15.
Ogasawara, K., 1977*: Paleontological analysis of Omma Fauna
from Toyama-Ishikawa Area, Hokuriku Province, Japan.
Science Reports of the Tohoku University, Second Series(Geology), vol. 47, no. 2, p. 43–156, pls. 3–22.
Ogasawara, K., 2001: Cenozoic Bivalvia. In, Ikeya, N., Hirano, H.
and Ogasawara, K., eds., The Database of Japanese Fossil
Type Specimens Described During the 20th Century (Part 1), p.
221–373, Palaeontological Society of Japan, Tokyo.
Ogasawara, K., 2002: Cenozoic Bivalvia (Supplement). In, Ikeya,
N., Hirano, H. and Ogasawara, K., eds., The Database ofJapanese Fossil Type Specimens Described During the 20th
Century (Part 2), p. 558–566, Palaeontological Society ofJapan, Tokyo.
Ogasawara, K., 2004: Outline of the database of Japanese fossil
type specimens described during the 20th Century (Part 1–3)
toward a practical use. Fossils, no. 75, p. 24­–29. (in Japanesewith English abstract)
Ogasawara, K. and Nomura, R., 1980*: Molluscan fossils fromthe Fujina Formation, Shimane Prefecture, San-in district,Japan. In, Igo, H. and Noda, H. eds., Professor Saburo Kanno
Memorial Volume, p. 79–98, pls. 9–12. Memorial Association ofProfessor Saburo Kanno’s Retirement, Tsukuba.
Ogasawara, K. and Takayasu, T., 1982*: Fossil Halicardia from
the Miocene of Akita Prefecture and the Pleistocene of Chiba
Prefecture, Japan. Venus (Japanese Journal of Malacology),

vol. 41, no. 3, p. 199–216.
Otuka, Y., 1941: Fossil Mollusca from Tazima, Hyogo Prefecture,
Japan. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, vol. 18,
nos. 1–2, p. 21–24.
Otuka, Y., 1943: Miocene Mollusca from Iisaka and Manseioozi,
Hukusima Prefecture, Japan. Journal of the Geological Societyof Japan, vol. 50, no. 592, p. 221–227, pl. 2. (in Japanese withEnglish abstract)
Oyama, K., 1950: Remarks on Japanese fossil molluscan name.
Kôbutu-to-Tisitu (Mineral and Geology), vol. 3, no. 6, p. 1–4. (inJapanese)
Oyama, K., 1951a*: Three new fossil shells from Palaeogene ofKyûshû. Kôbutu-to-Tisitu (Mineral and Geology), vol. 4, p. 56. (inJapanese)
Oyama, K., 1951b: A preliminary taxonomy of the Neogene
Taxodonta of Japan. Kôbutu-to-Tisitu (Mineral and Geology),
vol. 4, p. 146–156, pl. 6. (in Japanese)
Oyama, K. and Mizuno, A., 1958: On the new forms of Paleogene
molluscs in Japan. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,
vol. 9, no. 9, p. 1–18, pls. 1–4.
Oyama, K., Mizuno, A. and Sakamoto, T., 1960: Illustrated
Handbook of Japanese Paleogene Molluscs. 244 p., 71 pls.
Geological Survey of Japan, Kawasaki.
Pergament, M. A., 1966: Zonalnaya stratigrafiya i inotseramy
nizhnej chasti verkhnego mela Tikhookeanskogo poberezhya
SSSR. [Zonal stratigraphy and Inoceramus of the lower-mostUpper Cretaceous on the Pacific coast of the USSR]. Trudy
Geologicheskii Institut, Academiia Nauk SSSR, vol. 146, p.
1–83, pls. 1–36. (in Russian)Petrov, O. M., 1982: Morskie mollyuski antropogena severnoy chasti
Tikhogo okeana [Marine mollusks of the Anthropogene fromthe northern region of the Pacific]. Trudy Geologicheskii Institut,
vol. 357, p. 1–144, pls. 1–24. (in Russian)Philippi, R. A., 1843: Solen Tab. I. In, Philippi, R. A., Abbildungen
und Beschreibungen neuer oder wenig gekannter Conchylien,
unter Mithülfe mehrerer deutscher Conchyliologen. Erster
Band, p. 35–37, tab. I (Solen). Th. Fischer, Cassel.
Philippi R. A., 1845: Bemerkungen über die Mollusken-Fauna von
Massachusetts. Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie, Jhg. 1845, p.
68–79.
Prime, T., 1860: Descriptions of new species of Cyrena andCorbicula in the cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciencesof Philadelphia, vol. 12, p. 80.
Saito, M., Bando, Y. and Noda, H., 1970*: Fossil molluscs from
Teshima, Shôdo-gun, Kagawa Prefecture, Southwest Japan.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no. 77, p. 276–289, pl. 31.
Sakaguti, S., 1939*: A new species of Entomotis from the upper
Triassic of the Kitakami mountainland. In, Jubilee Publicationin the Commemoration of Professor H. Yabe, M.I.A. Sixtieth
Birthday, Volume 1, p. 227–231, pl. 5. Yabe Hisakatsu Kyoju
Kanreki Kinen-Kai, Sendai.
Sasaki, O., 1991*: Discrimination of two new Anadara species usingshell growth parameters and Fourier descriptors. Transactions
and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan,
New Series, no. 161, p. 697–713.
Sato, Y., 1991: Paleontological study of molluscan assemblagesof the Miocene Moniwa Formation, northeast Japan anddescription of their Pectinidae. Report, Geological Survey ofJapan, no. 272, p. 1–249.
Say, T., 1822: An account of some of marine shells of the United

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia, vol. 2, p. 221–248, 257–276.
Shikama, T., 1951*: Paleogene Mollusca from south Nagano-ken.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, no.1, p. 13–16.
Sugiyama, T., 1942: Studies on the Japanese Conularida. Journal of
the Geological Society of Japan, vol. 49, no. 589, p. 185–194,
pl. 15.
Suzuki, K., 1941*: The Palaeogene corbiculids of northwesternKyûshû. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial Universityof Tokyo, Section 2, Geology, Mineralogy, Geography,
Seismology, vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 39–62, pls. 1–4.
Suzuki, K., 1943*: Zwei neue tertiäre Corbicula-Arten aus NordSachalin (Materialien zur Monographie der ostasiatischen
Corbiculiden 3). Venus, vol. 12, nos. 3–4, p. 159–171, pls. 7–8.
Takai, Y. and Matsumoto, T., 1961: Cretaceous-Tertiary unconformity
in Nagashima, southwest Kyushu. Memoirs of the Faculty of
Science, Kyusyu University, Series D, Geology, vol. 11, no. 2, p.
257–278, pls. 11–12.
Tanaka, T. and Amano, K., 1997: Taxonomy and Distribution ofMizuhopecten planicostulatus (Nomura and Niino). Bulletinof the National Science Museum. Series C, Geology andPaleontology, vol. 23, nos. 3–4, p. 101–111.
Tanaka, H. and Toshimitsu, S., 2003: Cretaceous Bivalvia. In,
Ikeya, N., Hirano, H. and Ogasawara, K., eds., The Databaseof Japanese Fossil Type Specimens Described During the20th Century (Part 3), p. 192–276, Palaeontological Society ofJapan, Tokyo.
Tokunaga, S., 1906: Fossils from the environs of Tôkyô. Journal of
the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, vol. 21,
art. 2, p. 1–96, pls. 1–6.
Toshimitsu, S. and Tanaka, H. 2003: Triassic and Jurassic Bivalvia.
In, Ikeya, N., Hirano, H. and Ogasawara, K., eds., The
Database of Japanese Fossil Type Specimens Described
During the 20th Century (Part 3), p. 136–191, PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan, Tokyo.
Weller, S., 1907: A report on the Cretaceous paleontology of New
Jersey, based upon the stratigraphic studies of George N.
Knapp. New Jersey Geological Survey Paleontological Series,
vol. 4, p. 1–106.
Wood, W., 1815, General Conchology; or, A Description of Shells,
Arranged According to the Linnean System, and Illustrated with
Plates, Drawn and Coloured from Nature, Vol. 1. 7 + 4 + lxi +246 p., 59 pls. J. Booth, London.
Yabe, H. and Nagao, T., 1925*: New or little-known Cretaceous
fossils from North Saghalin (Lamellibranchiata and
Gastropoda). Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial

63

University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 7, no. 4, p. 111–124,
pls. 28–29.
Yabe, H. and Nagao, T., 1928*: Cretaceous fossils from Hokkaido:
Annelida, Gastropoda and Lamellibranchiata. Science Reportsof the Tôhoku Imperial University Second Series (Geology),
vol. 9, no. 3, p. 77–96, pls. 16–17.
Yabe, H., Nagao, T. and Shimizu, S., 1926*: Cretaceous Mollusca
from the Sanchû-Graben in the Kwantô Mountainland, Japan.
Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University, Second
Series (Geology), vol. 9, no. 2, p. 33–76, pls. 12–15.
Yabe, H. and Nomura, S., 1925*: Notes on the Recent and Tertiary
species of Thyasira from Japan. Science Reports of the
Tôhoku Imperial University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 7,
no. 4, p. 83–95, pls. 23–24.
Yabe, H. and Sato, S., 1942*: A new bivalve from the Jurassic
Torinosu series of the Abukuma mountainland. Proceedings ofthe Imperial Academy, vol. 18, no. 5, p. 251–254.
Yabe, H. and Shimizu, S., 1927*: The Triassic fauna of Rifu, near
Sendai. Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University,
Second Series (Geology), vol. 11, no. 2, p. 101–136, pls. 10–
14.
Yehara, S., 1915*: The Cretaceous Trigoniae from Miyako and
Hokkaido. Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University,
Second Series (Geology), vol. 2, no. 2, p. 35–44, pls. 1–2.
Yehara, S., 1920*: A pachyodont lamellibranch from the Cretaceous
deposits of Miyako in Rikuchu. Journal of the GeologicalSociety of Japan, vol. 27, no. 321, p. 39–44, pls. 1–2.
Yokoyama, M. 1920: Fossils from the Miura Peninsula and its
immediate north. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial
University of Tokyo, vol. 39, art. 6, p. 1–193, pls. 1–20.
Yokoyama, M., 1923: On some fossil Mollusca from the Neogeneof Izumo. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, vol. 2,
no. 1, p. 1–9, pls. 1–2.
Yokoyama, M., 1926: Fossil Mollusca from the oil-fields of Akita.
Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo,
Section 2, Geology, Mineralogy, Geography, Seismology, vol. 1,
pt. 9, p. 377–389, pls. 44–45.
Yokoyama, M., 1928: Mollusca from the oil-field of the island of
Taiwan. Imperial Geological Survey of Japan, Report, no. 101,
p. 1–112, pls. 1–18.
Yokoyama, M., 1929: Pliocene shells from near Nanao, Noto.
Imperial Geological Survey of Japan, Report, no. 104, p. 1–7,
pls. 1–6.
Note: Bibliography with asterisk (*) behind the date of publication
includes the original description(s) of listed taxa.

64

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Explanation of Plates

All figures in natural size, unless otherwise stated
Plate 1
1 . Acanthopecten onukii Murata, 1964. IGPS no. 85745(Holotype). 2. Acanthopecten spinosus Hayasaka,
1925b. IGPS no. 22388 (Lectotype). 3. Acila divaricata
chitosensis Noda, 1962b. IGPS no. 79060 (Holotype). 4a–b. Acila (Acila) kiiensis Masuda and Katto, in Katto and
Masuda, 1978. IGPS no. 96071 (Holotype). 5. Aequipecten
matsunagiensis Masuda, 1966b. IGPS no. 90089 (Holotype).
6. Amussiopecten akiyamae Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no.
90658 (Holotype). 7a–d. Anadara (Scapharca) akitaensis
Noda, 1966a. IGPS no. 16330 (Holotype). 8a–b. Anadara(Anadara) amicula elongata Noda, 1966a. IGPS no. 85907(Holotype). 9a–b. Anadara (Anadara) arasawaensis Noda,
1966a. IGPS no. 90046 (Holotype). 10. Anadara (Anadara)
gentaroensis Noda, 1966a. IGPS no. 86411 (Holotype).
11a–c. Anadara (Anadara) hataii Noda, 1966a. IGPS no.
73210 (Holotype).
Plate 2
1a–b. Anadara (Anadara) hataii Noda, 1966a. IGPS no.
73210 (Holotype). 2a–c. Anadara (Anadara) hokkaidoensis
Noda, 1966a. IGPS no. 86408 (Holotype). 3. Anadara(Scapharca?) iwashibaraensis Noda, 1965. IGPS no.
29050 (Holotype). 4a–b. Anadara (Anadara) iwatensis
Noda, 1966a. IGPS no. 90048 (Holotype). 5a–b. Anadara(Anadara) iwatonoensis Noda, 1966a. IGPS no. 63342(Holotype). 6a–d. Anadara (Anadara) kakehataensis Hatai
and Nisiyama, 1949. IGPS no. 72510 (Holotype). 7a–c.
Anadara (Hataiarca) kogachiensis Noda, 1971. IGPS no.
86757 (Holotype).
Plate 3
1a–b. Anadara (Hataiarca) kogachiensis Noda, 1971.
IGPS no. 86757 (Holotype). 2a–b. Anadara (Anadara)
kurosedaniensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949. IGPS no. 72511(Holotype). 3a–b. Anadara (Scapharca) masudai Noda,
1966a. IGPS no. 51550 (Holotype). 4. Anadara (Anadara)naganoensis Noda, 1966a. IGPS no. 86410 (Holotype). 5a–b. Anadara (Tegillarca) obessa Kotaka, 1953. IGPS no.
66536 (Holotype). 6a–b. Anadara (Scapharca) omaruensis
Sasaki, 1991. IGPS no. 101325 (Holotype). 7a–b. Anadara(Hataiarca) pseudosubcrenata Ogasawara, 1977. IGPS
no. 95070 (Holotype). 8a–b. Anadara (Scapharca?)
shizuokaensis Noda, 1965. IGPS no. 78919 (Holotype). 9.
Anadara (Scapharca) taiwanica Noda, 1966a. IGPS no.
42357 (Holotype).
Plate 4
1a–c. Anadara (Scapharca) taiwanica Noda, 1966a.

IGPS no. 42357 (Holotype). 2a–b. Anadara (Scapharca)
takanabensis Sasaki, 1991. IGPS no. 101327 (Holotype).
3a–b. Anadara (Hataiarca) takayamai Noda, 1966a.
IGPS no. 86403 (Holotype). 4a–b. Anadara (Anadara)tanakuraensis Noda, 1966a. IGPS no. 28404 (Holotype). 5.
Anadara (Tosarca) tosaensis Noda, 1965. IGPS no. 54609(Holotype). 6a–c. Anadara (Anadara) tsudai Noda, 1966a.
IGPS no. 86396 (Holotype). 7a–c. Anadara (Hataiarca)
yatsuoensis Noda, 1966a. IGPS no. 86402 (Holotype).
Plate 5
1a–b. Angulus maximus submaximus Mizuno, 1964. IGPS
no. 36452 (Syntype). 2a–c. Anisocorbula ohiroi Masuda,
1966b. IGPS no. 90734 (Holotype). 3. Annuliconcha
kitakamiensis Murata, 1964. IGPS no. 22389 (Holotype).
4–5. Anomia pseudotruncata Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe,
Nagao and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS no. 22522 (Syntypes). 6a–b. Arca (Arca) kikaizimana Nomura and Zinbô, 1934. IGPS
no. 50198 (Holotype). 7a–b. Arca (Arca) miurensis Noda,
1966a. IGPS no. 23846 (Holotype). 8. Arca sakamizuensis
Hatai and Nisiyama, 1952. IGPS no. 35996 (Holotype).
9–11. Arca shinanoensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao
and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS no. 22521 (Syntypes). 12.
Arca (Arca) sokeishiensis Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 47770(Holotype external mold). 13. Arca (Arca) takaoensis
Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 37444 (Holotype). 14a–e. Arca
(Barbatia) yokoyamai Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 42588(Holotype). 15. Astarte shinanoensis Yabe and Nagao,
in Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS no. 22544(Lectotype). 16. Astarte subomalioides Nagao, 1934. IGPS
no. 66446 (Lectotype). 17. Astarte subsenecta var. costata
Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS
no. 22483 (Holotype). 18a–b. Aviculopecten hataii Murata,
1964. IGPS no. 85732 (Holotype; b. external mold). 19.
Aviculopecten minoensis Hayasaka, 1925b. IGPS no. 22412(Lectotype). 20a–b. Aviculopecten? onukii Murata, 1969.
IGPS no. 91380 (Holotype). 21. Aviculopecten reticularis
Hayasaka, 1925b. IGPS no. 22227 (Holotype). 22a–b. Aviculopecten sasakii Murata, 1964. IGPS no. 85730(Holotype; b. external mold). 23. Azorius philippianus
Kotaka and Noda, 1977. IGPS no. 95087 (Holotype). 24a–b. Barbatia (Acar) hayasakai Noda, 1966a. IGPS no. 76249(Holotype). 25. Barbatia kanezawaensis Akutsu, 1964. IGPS
no. 85501 (Holotype). 26a–b. Barbatia (Acar) numaensis
Noda, 1966a. IGPS no. 86137 (Holotype). 27. Barbatia(Pugilarca) tsurushizakiensis Noda, 1966a. IGPS no. 17271(Holotype). 28. Barbatia (Barbatia) uetsukiensis Hatai
and Nisiyama, 1949. IGPS no. 72522 (Holotype). 29a–b.
Cyrena (Batissa) ponderosa Nagao, 1928a. IGPS no. 35777(Syntype) [non Prime, 1860; =Batissa nagaoi Suzuki, 1941.
IGPS no. 35777 (Holotype)].

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
Plate 6
1. Cyrena (Batissa) ponderosa Nagao, 1928a. IGPS no.
35777 (Syntype). [non Prime, 1860; =Batissa nagaoi
Suzuki, 1941. IGPS no. 35777 (Holotype)]. 2a–b. Batissa
taiwanensis Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 45087 (Holotype).
3. Brachidontes takiensis Kamada, 1962. IGPS no. 79380(Holotype). 4. Callista chinensis takagii Masuda, 1955.
IGPS no. 90885 (Holotype). 5. Callista pseudoplana Yabe
and Nagao, 1925. IGPS no. 8553 (Lectotype). 6. Callista
sekiyaensis Akutsu, 1964. IGPS no. 85506 (Syntype).
7. Cardiomya (Cardiomya) kotakai Honda, 1989. IGPS
no. 99278 (Holotype). 8a–b. Cardita katsumatai Nagao,
1928b. IGPS no. 36331 (Holotype). 9. Cardita kondoi
Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36407 (Holotype). 10. Cardium(Trachycardium) hanpeizanense Nomura, 1933. IGPS
no. 37455 (Holotype). 11a–b. Cardium (Cerastoderma)hanzawai Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 46803 (Holotype). 12.
Cardium (Cerastoderma) hizenense Nagao, 1928b. IGPS
no. 36369 (Holotype). 13a–b. Cardium (Trachycardium)
infantile Nomura and Zinbô, 1934. IGPS no. 50386(Holotype). 14. Cardium ishidoense Yabe and Nagao,
in Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS no. 22553(Lectotype). 15a–b. Cardium (Cerastoderma?) kishimaense
Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36367 (Holotype). 16. Cardium
miikense Nagao, 1928a. IGPS no. 35733 (Lectotype). 17a–b. Cardium (Nemocardium) torii Nomura, 1933. IGPS no.
49000 (Holotype). 18. Caryocorbula saikawai Kotaka, 1955.
IGPS no. 74010 (Holotype).
Plate 7
1. Chlamys (Chlamys) akutsui Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no.
28293 (Holotype). 2. Chlamys chinkopensis Masuda and
Sawada, 1961. IGPS no. 90595 (Holotype). 3. Chlamys
cosibensis hanzawae Masuda, 1959. IGPS no. 90648(Holotype). 4. Chlamys daishakaensis Masuda and Sawada,
1961. IGPS no. 90708 (Holotype). 5. Chlamys (Chlamys)
hanaishiensis Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no. 90565 (Holotype).
6. Chlamys (Chlamys) hasimotoi Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no.
90527 (Holotype). 7. Chlamys hataii Masuda and Akutsu,
1956. IGPS no. 90726 (Holotype). 8. Chlamys (Chlamys)hatakeyamae Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no. 27563 (Holotype).
9a–b. Chlamys imanishii Masuda and Sawada, 1961. IGPS
no. 72555 (Holotype). 10. Chlamys (Chlamys) ishidae
Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no. 90676 (Holotype). 11. Chlamys(Chlamys) itoigawae Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no. 90538(Holotype). 12. Chlamys kitamurai Kotaka, 1955. IGPS no.
74009 (Plastotype).
Plate 8
1. Chlamys (Chlamys) kotakae Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no.
90646 (Holotype). 2. Chlamys kumanodoensis Masuda,
1953a. IGPS no. 90522 (Holotype). 3. Chlamys (Chlamys)

65

matsunoi Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no. 90627 (Holotype). 4.
Chlamys (Chlamys) nagaoi Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no. 36440(Holotype). 5. Chlamys (Chlamys) niikappuensis Masuda,
1962a. IGPS no. 90536 (Holotype). 6a–b. Chlamys oidensis
Hatai, Masuda and Noda, 1974. IGPS no. 64419 (Holotype).
7a–b. Chlamys otukae Masuda and Sawada, 1961. IGPS
no. 90607 (Holotype). 8a–b. Chlamys (Chlamys) setsukoae
Masuda, 1962b. IGPS no. 90477 (Holotype). 9a–c. Chlamys
shitakaraensis Honda, 1980. IGPS no. 95439 (Holotype; a–b. external molds of both valves, c. cast from the holotype).
10. Chlamys tamurae Masuda and Sawada, 1961. IGPS no.
90550 (Holotype). 11. Circe (Circe) triangulus Kotaka andNoda, 1977. IGPS no. 95085 (Holotype). 12. Clementia
japonica Masuda, 1955. IGPS no. 90405 (Holotype). 13a–b. Clementia (Clementia) nakosoensis Kamada, 1962. IGPS
no. 79385 (Holotype).
Plate 91a–b. Clinocardium asagaiense arakawae Kamada, 1962.
IGPS no. 79383 (Holotype). 2a–b. Clinocardium asagaiense
makiyamae Kamada, 1962. IGPS no. 15800 (Holotype).
3a–b. Clinocardium chikagawaense Kotaka, 1950. IGPS
no. 72999 (Holotype). 4. Clinocardium hataii Hayasaka,
1956. IGPS no. 77375 (Holotype). 5. "Clinocardium"nomurai Hayasaka, 1956. IGPS no. 77376 (Holotype).
6a–c. Clinocardium omagariense Honda, 1981b. IGPS
no. 95740-1 (Holotype). 7. Codakia kitamurai Hatai andNisiyama, 1949. IGPS no. 72526 (Holotype). 8a–b. Codakia(Jagonia) okinawazimana Nomura and Zinbô, 1936. IGPS
no. 51319 (Holotype). 9a–b. Codakia semipolita Nomura,
1933. IGPS no. 45086 (Holotype). 10a–c. Conularia
rectangularis Hayasaka, 1920. IGPS no. 7320 (Lectotype).
11a–b. Corbicula (Corbicula) kotakai Honda, 1981a. IGPS
no. 96758 (Holotype). 12–14. Corbicula (Veloritina?)
sanchuensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao andShimizu, 1926. IGPS no. 22467 (Syntypes). 15. Corbicula(Veloritina?) sanchuensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao
and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS no. 22449 (Syntype). 16a–b.
Corbicula (Corbicula) sachalinensis Suzuki, 1943. IGPS no.
8353c (Holotype). 17a–b. Corbicula (Corbicula) shimizui
Suzuki, 1943. IGPS no. 8353a (Holotype). 18. Corbicula
takasago Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 45079 (Holotype). 19.
Corbula (Cunaecorbula) kyushuensis Nagao, 1928a. IGPS
no. 35834 (Lectotype). 20. Corbula (Corbula) subtumida
Nagao, 1928a. IGPS no. 35828 (Lectotype). 21a–b. Corbula(Corbula) taiwanensis Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 48966(Holotype). 22. Crassatellites asakuraensis Nagao, 1928b.
IGPS no. 36258 (Holotype). 23. Crassatellites formosanus
Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 37441 (Holotype). 22a–b.
Crassatellites inconspicuus Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36308(Holotype). 23a–c. Crassatellites matsuraensis Nagao,
1928b. IGPS no. 36310 (Holotype). 24a­–b. Crassatellites

66

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

tosanus Nomura, 1937. IGPS no. 54638 (Lectotype).
Plate 10
1a–b. Crassostrea gravitesta eoilensis Kim, Noda andYoon, 1974. IGPS no. 92938 (Holotype). 2a–b. Crassostrea
sunakozakaensis Ogasawara, 1976. IGPS no. 95018(Holotype). 3. Crenella (Megacrenella) nuibetsuensis
Honda, 1989. IGPS no. 97096 (Holotype). 4. Crenella(Megacrenella) shitakaraensis Honda, 1989. IGPS no.
97111 (Holotype). 5. Crenella striatocostata Nagao, 1928b.
IGPS no. 36291 (Holotype). 6a–c. Crenella subfornicata
Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36288 (Holotype). 7. Crenella
tomiyaensis Hatai and Nakamura, 1940. IGPS no. 61354(Holotype). 8. Crenipecten kesenensis Hayasaka, 1925b.
IGPS no. 22383 (Holotype). 9a–b. Ctena hataii Masuda,
1966b. IGPS no. 90729 (Holotype). 10a–b. Ctenodonta
manchuriensis Endo, 1935. IGPS no. 55582 (Holotype). 11.
Cucullaea delicatostriata Yabe and Nagao, 1925. IGPS no.
8555 (Lectotype). 12. Cucullaea ezoensis Yabe and Nagao,
1928. IGPS no. 22611 (Syntype). 13. Cucullaea nipponica
Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 35999 (Holotype).
Plate 11
1a–b. Cucullaea nipponica Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 35999(Holotype). 2. Cultellus? brevis Nagao, 1928a. IGPS no.
35788 (Holotype). 3. Cultellus? leguminoides Nagao,
1928b. IGPS no. 36447 (Holotype). 4a–b. Cyclina (Cyclina)
asagaiensis Kamada, 1952. IGPS no. 72955 (Holotype).
5. Cyclina compressa Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36415(Holotype). 6a–b. Cyclina (Cyclina) japonica Kamada,
1952. IGPS no. 72952 (Holotype). 7a–b. Cyclina? nodai
Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36442 (Holotype). 8. Cyclina(Cyclina) umbonata Kotaka and Noda, 1977. IGPS no.
95090 (Holotype). 9. Cyclocardia fujinaensis Ogasawara
and Nomura, 1980. IGPS no. 96024 (Holotype). 10–13.
Cyrena otsukai Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao andShimizu, 1926. IGPS no. 22476 (Syntypes; external andinternal molds). 14–16. Cyrena shiroiensis Yabe andNagao, in Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS no. 22451(Syntypes). 17–19. Cyrena shiroiensis var. alata Yabe andNagao, in Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS no. 22443(Syntypes). 20. Daonella densisulcata Yabe and Shimizu,
1927. IGPS no. 7571 (Holotype). 21. Daonella densisulcata
var. subquadrata Yabe and Shimizu, 1927. IGPS no. 7890
(Holotype). 22. Daonella kotoi var. alta Yabe and Shimizu,
1927. IGPS no. 5298 (Holotype). 23. Daonella kotoi var.
multistriata Yabe and Shimizu, 1927. IGPS no. 35278(Syntype). 24. Daonella kotoi var. multistriata Yabe andShimizu, 1927. IGPS no. 22998 (Syntype). 25. Diplodonta
confusa Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36351 (Holotype). 26.
Diplodonta? problematica Nagao, 1928a. IGPS no. 35827(Lectotype). 27. Dosinia chikuzenensis Nagao, 1928b.

IGPS no. 36277 (Holotype). 28. Dosinia ettyuensis Hatai
and Nisiyama, 1939 [“1938”]. IGPS no. 62429 (Holotype).
Plate 12
1a–c. Dosinia (Phacosoma) hataii Masuda, 1963. IGPS
no. 72476 (Holotype). 2. Dosinia (Kaneharaia) kaneharai
fujinaensis Masuda, 1967. IGPS no. 90888 (Holotype).
3a–b. Dosinia (Kaneharaia) kannoi Masuda, 1963. IGPS
no. 64682 (Holotype). 4a–b. Dosinia tatunokutiensis
Nomura, 1938. IGPS no. 15944 (Holotype). 5a­­–c. Ennucula
praenipponica Kamada, 1962. IGPS no. 79375 (Holotype).
6a–b. Ezocallista kurodae Kamada, 1962. IGPS no. 79384(Holotype).
Plate 13
1. Fortipecten kuroishiensis Kotaka and Noda, 1967. IGPS
no. 90767 (Holotype). 2a–b. Gafrarium (Circe) hanzawai
Nomura and Zinbô, 1936. IGPS no. 51348 (Holotype). 3.
Gari (Gari) pitogoensis Kotaka and Noda, 1977. IGPS no.
95086 (Holotype). 4. Gervillia shinanoensis Yabe andNagao, in Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS no. 22507(Syntype). 5a–b. Glans naomiae Masuda, 1966b. IGPS no.
90181 (Holotype). 6. Gloripallium izurense Masuda, 1958a.
IGPS no. 90541 (Holotype). 7. Glycimeris altoumbonata
Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36013 (Holotype). 8–10.
Glycimeris amakusensis Nagao, 1930. IGPS no. 42727(Syntypes). 11a–b. Glycimeris cisshuensis var. compressa
Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36001 (Holotype). 12a–b.
Glycymeris hanzawai Nomura and Zinbô, 1934. IGPS no.
50196 (Holotype). 13a–b. Glycymeris nakosoensis Hatai
and Nisiyama, 1949. IGPS no. 72502 (Holotype). 14.
Glycymeris nozokiensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1951. IGPS no.
72883 (Holotype). 15. Glycymeris ogawaraensis Kotaka andNoda, 1967. IGPS no. 90739 (Holotype). 16. Glycymeris
oshimaensis Noda, 1962b. IGPS no. 79057 (Holotype).
17. Glycymeris rhynconelloides Nomura and Hatai, 1939[“1938”]. IGPS no. 60022 (Holotype). 18a–b. Glycymeris
subpectiniformis Nomura and Zinbô, 1934. IGPS no. 50200(Holotype). 19a–b. Glycymeris yamaguchii Hayasaka, 1956.
IGPS no. 77373 (Holotype). 20. Grammatodon yokoyamai
Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926.
IGPS no. 22555 (Lectotype). 21a–b. Halicardia akitaensis
Ogasawara and Takayasu, 1982. IGPS no. 96013 (Holotype;b. cast from the holotype). 22a–b. Halicardia miyagiensis
Fujiwara, 1992. IGPS no. 101555 (Holotype).
Plate 14
1–3. Homomya? dubia Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao andShimizu, 1926. IGPS no. 22505 (Syntypes). 4. Inoceramus
balticus var. toyajoanus Nagao and Matumoto, 1940.
IGPS no. 4540 (Lectotype). 5. Inoceramus pedalionoides
Nagao and Matumoto, 1939 ex Inai (MS). IGPS no. 22720

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia(Syntype). 6. Isognomon (Isognomon) hataii Noda andFuruichi, 1972. IGPS no. 91766 (Holotype). 7. Katelysia(Nipponomarcia) endoi Hatai and Kotaka, 1952. IGPS no.
74341 (Holotype). 8. Leptochondria? hataii Murata, 1973.
IGPS no. 92661 (Holotype). 9. Leukomoides nipponicus
Ogasawara, 1976. IGPS no. 95190 (Holotype). 10a–b. Lima
amaxensis var. kumasoana Nagao, 1928a. IGPS no. 35808(Lectotype). 11. Lima eocenica Nagao, 1928a. IGPS no.
35817 (Lectotype). 12. Lima (Limatula) ishidoensis Yabe
and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS no.
22539 (Lectotype). 13a–b. Lima (Limea) limopsis Nomura
and Zinbô, 1934. IGPS no. 50368 (Holotype). 14. Limatulasakoi Masuda and Katto, in Katto and Masuda, 1978. IGPS
no. 96073 (Holotype). 15a–b. Limipecten bandoi Murata,
1969. IGPS no. 91384 (Holotype; a. external mold, b. castfrom the holotype).
Plate 15
1a–b. Lioconcha tosana Nomura, 1937. IGPS no. 54674(Holotype). 2a–b. Loripes tonohamanus Nomura, 1937.
IGPS no. 54645 (Holotype). 3a–b. Lucina kunigamiensis
Nomura and Zinbô, 1936. IGPS no. 51350 (Holotype). 4a–b. Lucinoma otukai Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949. IGPS no.
72501 (Holotype; external molds of both valves). 5a–b.
Lucinopsis? boshihoensis Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 48007(Holotype). 6. Lucinopsis kosuiensis Nomura, 1933. IGPS
no. 48001 (Holotype; broken). 7a–b. Macoma (Macoma)
atsunaiensis Honda, 1988. IGPS no. 97106-2 (Holotype).
8a–b. Macoma hakushatonensis Nomura, 1933. IGPS no.
48589 (Holotype; broken). 9. Macoma hokiensis Akutsu,
1964. IGPS no. 85512 (Holotype). 10. Macrocallista
ariakensis Nagao, 1928a. IGPS no. 35758 (Lectotype). 11.
Macrocallista hanzawai Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36236(Holotype). 12a–b. Macrocallista kahoensis Nagao,
1928b. IGPS no. 36389 (Holotype). 13a–c. Macrocallista
matsuraensis Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36209 (Holotype).
14a–b. Mactra (Spisula) asperaeformsis Nomura andZinbô, 1934. IGPS no. 50396 (Holotype). 15a–b. Mactra
nakayamaensis Kamada, 1962. IGPS no. 79386 (Holotype).
16. Mactra sulcataroides Akutsu, 1964. IGPS no. 85509(Holotype). 17a–b. Margaritifera owadaensis Noda, 1970.
IGPS no. 86893 (Holotype). 18a–b. Meretrix deguchii
Hayasaka and Hayasaka, 1960. IGPS no. 77512 (Holotype).
19a–b. Meretrix meretrix ninohensis Hatai, 1940. IGPS no.
61351 (Holotype). 20. Meretrix pseudomeretrix Nagao,
1928b. IGPS no. 36361 (Holotype). 21a–b. Meretrix
tochigiensis Akutsu, 1964. IGPS no. 85507 (Holotype).
Plate 16
1a–b. Miyagipecten matsumoriensis Masuda, 1952.
IGPS no. 90690 (Lectotype). 2. Mizuhopecten kimurai
kagaensis Ogasawara, 1976. IGPS no. 95012 (Holotype).

67

3a–b. Mizuhopecten paraplebejus murataensis Masuda
and Takegawa, 1965. IGPS no. 90826 (Holotype). 4.
Modiola? ishidoensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao andShimizu,1926. IGPS no. 8570 (Holotype). 5a–b. Modiolus
ezoensis Yabe and Nagao, 1928. IGPS no. 22627 (Holotype).
6a–b. Modiolus wanizakiensis Masuda, 1966b. IGPS no.
90180 (Holotype). 7a–b. Modiolus (Modiolatus) yasuhiroi
Kamada, 1962. IGPS no. 79379 (Holotype). 8a–d. Monia
denselineata Hatai, Masuda and Suzuki, 1961. IGPS no.
90505 (Holotype). 9. Mya arenaria kitahukuokaensis Hatai,
1940. IGPS no. 61363 (Holotype). 10. Mya convexa Noda,
1992. IGPS no. 100877 (Holotype). 11a–b. Myadora okadae
Hatai and Masuda, 1960. IGPS no. 90184 (Holotype).
Plate 17
1. Myadora suzuensis Masuda, 1966b. IGPS no. 90776(Holotype). 2. Myoconcha hamadaensis Yabe andShimizu, 1927. IGPS no. 35286 (Holotype). 3. Myophoria
japonica Hayasaka, 1925b. IGPS no. 22422 (Lectotype).
4. Myophoria subelegans var. tobai Hayasaka, 1924. IGPS
no. 8405 (Syntype). 5. Myophoria subelegans var. tobai
Hayasaka, 1924. IGPS no. 8404 (Syntype). 6. Myophoria
subelegans var. tobai Hayasaka, 1924. IGPS no. 8406
(Syntype; external mold). 7. Myophoria subelegans var.
tobai Hayasaka, 1924. IGPS no. 8407 (Syntype; externalmold). 8. Mytilus haboroensis Noda, 1992. IGPS no. 100727(Holotype). 9. Mytilus ogawaensis Hatai and Nisiyama,
1949. IGPS no. 72503 (Holotype). 10. Nemocardium(Keenaea) yoshidai Masuda and Miyasaka, 1994. IGPS no.
102544 (Holotype). 11. Neoburmesia iwakiensis Yabe andSato, 1942. IGPS no. 65274 (Holotype). 12a–b. Astarte
minor Nagao, 1934. IGPS no. 66425 (Lectotype) [=Nicaniella(Trautscholdia) nagaoi Matsubara, 2016. IGPS no.
66425 (Holotype)]. 13. Arca (Noetia) pondaungensis var.
transversa Nagao, 1928b [=Noetia nagaoi MacNeil, 1938].
IGPS no. 36012 (Holotype). 14. Nucula fukasawaensis
Akutsu, 1964. IGPS no. 85500 (Holotype). 15a–b. Nucula
ishidoensis Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu,
1926. IGPS no. 7125 (Syntype). 16. Nucula karatsuensis
Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 35988 (Holotype). 17a–b. Nucula
kokozuraensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949. IGPS no. 72507(Holotype). 18a–c. Nucula (Acila) mirabilis var. ashiyaensis
Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 35981 (Holotype). 19. Nucula(Ennucula) omagariensis Honda, 1989. IGPS no. 955761 (Holotype). 20a–c. Nuculana (Nuculana) karihaensis
Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949. IGPS no. 72633 (Holotype). 21.
Nuculana (Nuculana) matsukuchiensis Noda, 1962b. IGPS
no. 79059 (Holotype). 22–24. Nuculana sanchuensis Yabe
and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS no.
7115 (Syntypes). 25a–c. Nuculites kimurai Hayasaka,
1925a. IGPS no. 22418 (Holotype). 26a–b. Nuttallia
uchigoensis Kamada, 1962. IGPS no. 79387 (Holotype).

68

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Plate 18
1. Ostrea cassis Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36031 (Holotype).
2. Ostrea lunaeformis Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36039(Holotype). 3a–b. Ostrea sakitoensis Nagao, 1928b.
IGPS no. 36053 (Holotype). 4. Ostrea (Ostrea) yokoyamai
Kamada, 1962. IGPS no. 79378 (Holotype). 5a–b. Panomya
izumo Nomura and Hatai, 1939 [“1938”]. IGPS no. 51884(Holotype). 6. Panope kanomatazawaensis Akutsu, 1964.
IGPS no. 85513 (Holotype). 7. Panope kanomatazawaensis
fudozawaensis Akutsu, 1964. IGPS no. 85514 (Holotype).
8. Panopea nomurae Kamada, 1962. IGPS no. 79395(Holotype). 9. Paphia (Paphia) euglypta ohiroi Masuda,
1966b. IGPS no. 90735 (Holotype). 10. Paphia
shimotsukensis Akutsu, 1964. IGPS no. 85508 (Holotype).
11. Paphia (Paphia) suzuensis Masuda, 1966b. IGPS
no. 90086 (Holotype). 12a–b. Parallelodon obsoletiformis
Hayasaka, 1925b. IGPS no. 22392 (Lectotype).
Plate 19
1. Patinopecten ibaragiensis Masuda, 1953b. IGPS
no. 90698 (Holotype). 2. Patinopecten kagamianus
moniwaensis Masuda, 1958b. IGPS no. 90700 (Holotype).
3. Patinopecten kimurai nakosoensis Masuda, 1960.
IGPS no. 90581 (Holotype). 4. Patinopecten kimurai
yudaensis Masuda, 1960. IGPS no. 90661 (Holotype). 5a–b. Patinopecten kobiyamai Kamada, 1954. IGPS no. 72963(Holotype). 6. Patinopecten (Kotorapecten) naganoensis
Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no. 90547 (Holotype).
Plate 20
1. Patinopecten (Kotorapecten) naganoensis Masuda,
1962a. IGPS no. 90547 (Holotype). 2a–b. Patinopecten
nakajimai Masuda, 1954b. IGPS no. 90580 (Holotype).
3a–b. Patinopecten poculum tsudae Noda, 1962b. IGPS
no. 79062 (Holotype). 4. Patinopecten (Patinopecten)
tokyoensis hokurikuensis Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no. 13430(Holotype). 5. Patinopecten yamasakii kintaichiensis
Masuda, 1958c. IGPS no. 90715 (Holotype). 6.
Patinopecten yamasakii ninohensis Masuda, 1954a. IGPS
no. 90684 (Holotype). 7. Patinopecten (Patinopecten)
yessoensis nakatonbetsuensis Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no.
90662 (Holotype).
Plate 21
1. Patinopecten (Patinopecten) yessoensis yokoyamae
Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no. 90543 (Holotype). 2a–b.
Pecten (Pseudamusium) akihoensis Saga, in Matsumoto,1930. IGPS no. 90586 (Neotype). 3. Pecten (Chlamys)ashiyaensis Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36448 (Holotype). 4.
Pecten (Chlamys) ashiyaensis var. denselineatus Nagao,
1928b. IGPS no. 36437 (Holotype). 5. Pecten (Vola)
byoritsuensis Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 45001 (Holotype).

6. Pecten (Propeamussium) cowperi var. yubarensis Yabe
and Nagao, 1928. IGPS no. 22599 (Holotype). 7. Pecten(Aequipecten) gabusogaensis Nomura and Zinbô, 1936.
IGPS no. 51321 (Holotype). 8­–12. Pecten (Decadopecten)
izuensis Nomura and Niino, 1932. IGPS no. 44583(Syntypes). 13. Pecten (Chlamys) kagamianus miyagiensis
Nakamura, 1940a. IGPS no. 61336 (Holotype). 14­– 15.
Pecten (Pecten) kakisakiensis Nomura and Niino, 1932.
IGPS no. 44582 (Syntypes).
Plate 22
1a–b. Pecten (Patinopecten) kimurai matumoriensis
Nakamura, 1940a. IGPS no. 61335 (Syntype). 2. Pecten
kyushuensis Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36459 (Holotype).
3. Pecten (Swiftopecten) nanakitaensis Nakamura,
1940b. IGPS 61334 (Holotype; external mold). 4. Pecten(Patinopecten) planicostulatus Nomura and Niino, 1932.
IGPS no. 44584 (Syntype). 5. Pecten (Chlamys) sakitoensis
Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36438 (Holotype). 6a–b. Pecten(Pecten) shirahamaensis Nomura and Niino, 1932. IGPS no.
44587 (Holotype). 7a–b. Pecten (Pecten) subsquamatus
Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 44702 (Holotype). 8. Pecten(Patinopecten) taiwanus Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 45007(Holotype). 9–11. Pecten (Decadopecten) tayamai Nomura
and Niino, 1932. IGPS no. 44581 (Syntypes).
Plate 23
1. Pecten (?Amussiopecten) yabei Nomura, 1933. IGPS
no. 25265 (Holotype). 2. Pectunculus hokkaidoensis Yabe
and Nagao, 1928. IGPS no. 22613 (Holotype). 3a–b.
Pectunculus sachalinensis Yabe and Nagao, 1925. IGPS
no. 8554 (Syntype). 4. Pedalion tomiyasui Nagao, 1928a.
IGPS no. 35686 (Lectotype). 5. Periploma fujikuraense
Noda, 1962b. IGPS no. 79056 (Holotype). 6a–b. Periploma
pulchellum Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949. IGPS no. 72508(Holotype). 7a–b. Perna sanchuensis Yabe and Nagao,
in Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS no. 22457(Lectotype). 8. Peronidia ochii Kamada, 1962. IGPS no.
79388 (Holotype). 9a–c. Pholadomya brevitesta Nagao,
1943. IGPS no. 72710 (Holotype). 10a–c. Pholadomya
kazusaensis Nagao, 1943. IGPS no. 19534 (Holotype).
11. Pholadomya? miyamotoi Nagao, 1943. IGPS no.
72737 (Lectotype). 12a–c. Pholadomya takasimensis
Nagao, 1943. IGPS no. 72706 (Holotype). 13a–b. Pinna
asakuraensis Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36017 or 36018(Holotype). 14. Pitar hataii Natori, 1964. IGPS no. 85728(Holotype).
Plate 24
1a–b. Pitar hokkaidoensis Nomura, 1935a. IGPS no. 56371(Holotype). 2. Pitar kotoi Natori, 1964. IGPS no. 85729(Holotype). 3a–b. Pitar sendaica monstrosa Nomura, 1938.

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
IGPS no. 16131A (Holotype). 4. "Pitar" shiobarensis Akutsu,
1964. IGPS no. 85505 (Holotype). 5. Pitar sunakozakaensis
Ogasawara, 1976. IGPS no. 95028 (Holotype). 6. Pitaria?
altoumbonata Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36445 (Holotype).
7. Pitaria ashiyaensis Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36434(Holotype). 8a–b. Pitaria kyushuensis Nagao, 1928b. IGPS
no. 36238 (Holotype).
Plate 25
1. Pitaria matsumotoi Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36241(Holotype). 2. Pitaria takashimaensis Nagao, 1928b. IGPS
no. 36300 (Holotype). 3a–b. Pitaria yokoyamai Nagao,
1928b. IGPS no. 36443 (Holotype). 4. Placopecten nomurai
Masuda, 1953a. IGPS no. 90553 (Holotype; broken). 5a–b. Placopecten wakuyaensis Masuda, 1956. IGPS no.
90596 (Holotype). 6a–b. Plicatula tuberculosa Nomura,
1933. IGPS no. 45030 (Holotype). 7. Pododesmus (Monia)
noharai Noda, 1971. IGPS no. 86762 (Holotype). 8a–c. Polynemamussium masagoi Kotaka and Noda, 1967.
IGPS no. 90755 (Holotype). 9. Polynemamussium yasudae
Masuda, 1962a. IGPS no. 90602 (Holotype). 10a–b.
Portlandia (Portlandella) enaensis Kamada, 1962. IGPS
no. 79377 (Holotype). 11. Protocardia ibukii Nakazawa
and Murata, 1966. IGPS no. 85765 (Holotype; externalmold). 12. Psammocola sekiyaensis Akutsu, 1964. IGPS
no. 85511 (Holotype). 13a–e. Pseudoactinodontophorayabei Murata, 1971. IGPS no. 86885 (Holotype; a. internalmold, b. external mold, c–e. casts from the holotype). 14a–b. Pseudogrammatodon pacificus Nomura and Zinbô, 1934.
IGPS no. 50341 (Holotype). 15. Pteria sunakozakaensis
Ogasawara, 1976. IGPS no. 95008 (Holotype). 16.
Rexithaerus shiratoriensis Matsubara, 1994. IGPS no.
102562 (Holotype).
Plate 26
1a–b. Rochefortia obsoletoradiata Nomura and Zinbô,1936. IGPS no. 51351 (Holotype). 2. Saccella confusa
toyomaensis Kamada, 1962. IGPS no. 79376 (Holotype;broken). 3. Saccella konnoi Hatai and Masuda, 1962. IGPS
no. 90196 (Holotype). 4a–c. Saccella saikaiensis Masuda,
1966b. IGPS no. 90088 (Holotype). 5a–c. Sanguinolites
bisectus Hayasaka, 1925b. IGPS no. 22414 (Holotype). 6.
Schizothaerus nuttalli kissyuensis Hatai, 1941. IGPS no.
64751 (Holotype). 7. Septifer sinelnikovae Noda, 1992.
IGPS no. 100734 (Holotype). 8. Serripes hataii Noda,
1962a [“1961”]. IGPS no. 74593 (Holotype). 9. Serripes
japonica Noda, 1962a [“1961”]. IGPS no. 78680 (Holotype).
10. Serripes makiyamai nigamiensis Noda, 1962a [“1961”].
IGPS no. 78684 (Holotype). 11. Serripes muraii Noda
and Tada, 1968. IGPS no. 88058 (Holotype). 12. Serripes
shiobarensis Noda, 1962a [“1961”]. IGPS no. 78687(Holotype). 13. Solemya (Acharax) bosoana Hatai and69

Koike, 1957. IGPS no. 94774 (Holotype).
Plate 27
1. Solemya (Acharax) bosoana Hatai and Koike, 1957.
IGPS no. 94774 (Holotype). 2. Solemya (Acharax)
muroensis Natori, 1964. IGPS no. 85727 (Holotype). 3.
Solen intermedius Nagao, 1928b [=Solen connectens
Oyama, 1951a]. IGPS no. 36435 (Holotype). 4. Solenshitakaraensis Honda, 1989. IGPS no. 95129-1 (Holotype).
5. Solenomorpha elegantissima Hayasaka, 1925b. IGPS
no. 8203 (Syntype). 6a–c. Solenomorpha elegantissima
Hayasaka, 1925b. IGPS no. 22228 (Syntype). 7a–b.
Solenomorpha elegantissima Hayasaka, 1925b. IGPS no.
22229 (Syntype).
Plate 28
1. Solenomorpha elegantissima Hayasaka, 1925b. IGPS
no. 22229 (Syntype). 2. Spisula (Cymbophora) ezoensis
Yabe and Nagao, 1928. IGPS no. 22614 (Holotype). 3.
Spisula iwatensis Hatai, 1940. IGPS no. 61360 (Holotype).
4. Spisula (Mactromeris) polynyma nagakoensis Hatai andNisiyama, 1949. IGPS no. 72506 (Holotype). 5. Spisulashimotsukensis Akutsu, 1964. IGPS no. 85510 (Holotype).
6. Strebrochondria miyamoriensis Murata, 1964. IGPS no.
85733 (Holotype). 7. Tapes nagahamaensis Saito, Bandoand Noda, 1970. IGPS no. 78707 (Holotype). 8. Taras
millepustulata Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 45096 (Holotype). 9.
Tellina (Pharaonella) akiana Nomura, 1937. IGPS no. 54691(Holotype). 10. Tellina equideclivis Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no.
36457 (Holotype). 11a–b. Tellina kikaizimana Nomura andZinbô, 1934. IGPS no. 50398 (Holotype). 12a–b. Tellina
kuntsuipinensis Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 48595 (Holotype).
13. Tellina maxima Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36412(Holotype; broken). 14. Tellina notoensis Masuda, 1955.
IGPS no. 90451 (Holotype). 15. Tellina prototenuilirata
Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 48192 (Holotype; broken). 16a–b.
Tellina scabricostulata Nomura and Zinbô, 1936. IGPS no.
51333 (Holotype). 17a–b.Tellina umedairensis Shikama,
1951. IGPS no. 90404 (Holotype). 18. Tellina venulosa
zyonoensis Hatai and Nisiyama, 1939 [“1938”]. IGPS no.
62424 (Holotype). 19. Teredo matsushimaensis Hatai,
1951. IGPS no. 73697 (Lectotype). 20a–b. Thracia hataii
Kamada, 1955. IGPS no. 72960 (Holotype). 21a–b. Thracia
kamayasikiensis Hatai, 1940. IGPS no. 61349 (Holotype).
22a–b. Thracia kidoensis Kamada, 1955. IGPS no. 72958(Holotype). 23a–b. Thracia kurosawaensis Hayasaka,
1957. IGPS no. 77497 (Holotype). 24. Thracia (Thracia)
shitakaraensis Honda, 1989. IGPS no. 95428-4 (Holotype).
Plate 29
1. Thracia (Thracia) shitakaraensis Honda, 1989. IGPS no.
95428-4 (Holotype). 2. Thracidora nishizawaensis Akutsu,

70

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

1964. IGPS no. 85502 (Holotype). 3a–c. Thyasira bisecta
var. nipponica Yabe and Nomura, 1925. IGPS no. 7485
(Lectotype). 4. Thyasira inflata Yabe and Nomura, 1925.
IGPS no. 17251 (Holotype). 5a–c. Thyasira quadrata Yabe
and Nomura, 1925. IGPS no. 8188 (Holotype). 6. Thyasirasubexcavata Yabe and Endô, in Yabe and Nomura, 1925.
IGPS no. 6973 (Holotype). 7a–b. Thyasira tokunagai
Kuroda and Habe, 1951. IGPS no. 13786 (Lectotype,designated herein). 8a–b. Trapezium (Neotrapezium)
ichinohense Matsubara, 1995. IGPS no. 102605 (Holotype).
9. Trapezium (Neotrapezium) isoharense Kamada, 1962.
IGPS no. 79382 (Holotype). 10. Trapezium isomatsuense
Kotaka, 1955. IGPS no. 74006 (Holotype). 11. Trapezium
jobanicum Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949. IGPS no. 72505(Holotype). 12a­–b. Cardium (Acanthocardia) cancellatum
Nomura, 1933 [=Trifaricardium nomurai Kuroda and Habe,
1951]. IGPS no. 46500 (Holotype). 13. Trigonarca? obsoleta
Yabe and Nagao, in Yabe, Nagao and Shimizu, 1926. IGPS
no. 22538 (Holotype).
Plate 30
1. Trigonia ainuana Yabe and Nagao, 1928. IGPS no. 22591(Holotype). 2. Trigonia brevicula Yehara, 1915. IGPS no.
4329 (Lectotype). 3–4. Trigonia datemasamunei Yehara,
1915. IGPS no. 4331 (Syntypes). 5­a–b. Trigonia pustulosa
Nagao, 1930. IGPS no. 35612 (Syntype; a. external mold,b. cast from the syntype). 6a–b. Trigonia pustulosa Nagao,
1930. IGPS no. 35613 (Syntype; a. external mold, b. castfrom the syntype). 7–8. Trigonia pustulosa Nagao, 1930.
IGPS no. 35613 (Syntypes; 7a. external mold, 7b–8.
casts from syntypes). 9. Trigonia yokoyamai Yehara,
1915. IGPS no. 4367 (Syntype). 10. Trigonia yokoyamai
Yehara, 1915. IGPS nos. 4366 (Syntype). 11. Vasticardium
arenicoloides Akutsu, 1964. IGPS no. 85504 (Syntype).
12. Vasticardium shimotokuraense Akutsu, 1964. IGPS no.
85503 (Syntype). 13. Vasticardium teshimaense Saito,

Bando and Noda, 1970. IGPS no. 86745 (Holotype). 14a–b. Venericardia crenulicostata Nomura, 1933. IGPS no.
46221 (Holotype). 15. Venericardia (Cyclocardia) enaensis
Kamada, 1962. IGPS no. 79381 (Holotype). 16a–b.
Venericardia (Cyclocardia) ferruginea complexa Ogasawara,
1977. IGPS no. 95127 (Holotype). 17a–e. Venericardia
granulicostata Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 46136 (Holotype).
18a–b. Venericardia millegrana Nomura and Zinbô, 1934.
IGPS no. 50375 (Holotype). 19. Venericardia nagaoi
Mizuno, 1964. IGPS no. 36314 (Holotype). 20. Venericardia
okinoshimaensis Mizuno, 1964. IGPS no. 36371 (Holotype).
Plate 31
1a–b. Venericardia onukii Masuda and Takegawa,
1965. IGPS no. 90828 (Holotype). 2a–b. Venericardia
quadriangulata Nomura and Zinbô, 1934. IGPS no. 50385(Holotype). 3a–b. Venericardia ryukyuensis Nomura
and Zinbô, 1936. IGPS no. 51344 (Holotype). 4a–c.
Venericardia subnipponica Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 36405(Holotype). 5. Venericardia yoshidai Nagao, 1928b. IGPS
no. 36327 (Holotype). 6a–b. Veniella? japonica Nagao,
1930. IGPS no. 44307 (Syntype). 7. Veniella? japonica
Nagao, 1930. IGPS no. 44306 (Syntype). 8. Venus (Chione)
byoritsuensis Nomura, 1933. IGPS no. 48061 (Holotype).
9. Venus (Chione) taiwanensis Nomura, 1933. IGPS no.
47771 (Holotype). 10a–b. Venus (Chione) yabei Nomura
and Zinbô, 1934. IGPS no. 50651 (Holotype). 11a–b.
Volsella yokoyamai Hatai and Nisiyama, 1949. IGPS no.
72504 (Holotype). 12. Waagenoperna elongata Nakazawa
and Murata, 1966. IGPS no. 85764 (Holotype). 13a–b.
Yabepecten ogasawarai Matsubara, 2003. IGPS no. 98911(Holotype). 14a–b. Yoldia iwatensis Hatai, 1940. IGPS
no. 61348 (Holotype; b. external mold). 15a–c. Yoldia
scaphoides Nagao, 1928b. IGPS no. 35987 (Holotype). 16.
Zirfaea hataii Masuda and Noda, 1969. IGPS no. 86742(Holotype).

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

71

72

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

73

74

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

75

76

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

77

78

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

79

80

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

81

82

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

83

84

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

85

86

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

87

88

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

89

90

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

91

92

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

93

94

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

95

96

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

97

98

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

99

100

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia

101

102

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

Indexainuana, Trigonia akiana, Tellina (Pharaonella) akihoensis, Pecten (Pseudamusium) akitaensis, Anadara (Scapharca) akitaensis, Halicardia akiyamae, Amussiopecten 
akutsui, Chlamys (Chlamys) alata, Cyrena shiroiensis var alta, Daonella kotoi var 
altoumbonata, Glycimeris 
altoumbonata, Pitaria? amakusensis, Glycimeris 
andoi, Arca (Arca) arakawae, Clinocardium asagaiensearasawaensis, Anadara (Anadara) arenicoloides, Vasticardium 
ariakensis, Macrocallista 
asagaiensis, Cyclina (Cyclina) asakuraensis, Crassatellites 
asakuraensis, Pinna ashiyaensis, Nucula (Acila) mirabilis var ashiyaensis, Pecten (Chlamys) ashiyaensis, Pitaria asperaeformsis, Mactra (Spisula) atsumiensis, Psammocola kazusensis atsunaiensis, Macoma (Macoma) bandoi, Limipecten 
bisectus, Sanguinolites boshihoensis, Lucinopsis? bosoana, Solemya (Acharax) brevicula, Trigonia 
brevis, Cultellus? brevitesta, Pholadomya 
byoritsuensis, Pecten (Vola) byoritsuensis, Venus (Chione) cancellatum, Cardium (Acanthocardia) cassis, Ostrea chikagawaense, Clinocardium 
chikuzenensis, Dosinia chinkopensis, Chlamys 
chitosensis, Acila divaricata complexa, Venericardia (Cyclocardia) ferruginea compressa, Cyclina compressa, Glycimeris cisshuensis var 
confusa, Diplodonta connectens, Solen convexa, Mya 
costata, Astarte subsenecta var 
crenulicostata, Venericardia daishakaensis, Chlamys 

p. 54
p. 51
p. 43
p. 13
p. 32
p. 13
p. 21
p. 29
p. 29
p. 31
p. 47
p. 31
p. 16
p. 23
p. 13
p. 55
p. 35
p. 27
p. 25
p. 46
p. 39
p. 43
p. 47
p. 36
p. 48
p. 35
p. 34
p. 49
p. 35
p. 50
p. 54
p. 27
p. 46
p. 43
p. 56
p. 20
p. 40
p. 24
p. 29
p. 21
p. 13
p. 55
p. 28
p. 31
p. 29
p. 50
p. 37
p. 18
p. 55
p. 21

datemasamunei, Trigonia deguchii, Meretrix delicatostriata, Cucullaea denselineata, Monia denselineatus, Pecten (Chlamys) ashiyaensis var densisulcata, Daonella 
dubia, Homomya? elegantissima, Solenomorpha elongata, Anadara (Anadara) amiculaelongata, Waagenoperna enaensis, Portlandia (Portlandella) enaensis, Venericardia (Cyclocardia) endoi, Katelysia (Nipponomarcia) eocenica, Lima eoilensis, Crassostrea gravitesta equideclivis, Tellina 
ettyuensis, Dosinia ezoensis, Cucullaea ezoensis, Modiolus ezoensis, Spisula (Cymbophora) formosanus, Crassatellites 
fudozawaensis, Panope kanomatazawaensis 
fujikuraense, Periploma 
fujinaensis, Cyclocardia fujinaensis, Dosinia (Kaneharaia) kaneharai
fukasawaensis, Nucula gabusogaensis, Pecten (Aequipecten) gentaroensis, Anadara (Anadara) gorokuensis, Glycymeris 
granulicostata, Venericardia haboroensis, Mytilus hakushatonensis, Macoma 
hamadaensis, Myoconcha 
hamadai, Tellina hanaishiensis, Chlamys (Chlamys) hanpeizanense, Cardium (Trachycardium) hanzawae, Chlamys cosibensis
hanzawai, Cardium (Cerastoderma) hanzawai, Gafrarium (Circe) hanzawai, Glycymeris hanzawai, Macrocallista hasimotoi, Chlamys (Chlamys) hataii, Anadara (Anadara) hataii, Aviculopecten hataii, Chlamys hataii, Clinocardium 
hataii, Ctena hataii, Dosinia (Phacosoma) hataii, Isognomon (Isognomon) hataii, Leptochondria? 

p. 54
p. 36
p. 27
p. 37
p. 43
p. 29
p. 33
p. 50
p. 13
p. 57
p. 48
p. 55
p. 33
p. 34
p. 26
p. 51
p. 29
p. 27
p. 37
p. 50
p. 25
p. 41
p. 45
p. 28
p. 30
p. 39
p. 43
p. 14
p. 31
p. 55
p. 38
p. 35
p. 38
p. 51
p. 21
p. 20
p. 21
p. 20
p. 30
p. 31
p. 35
p. 22
p. 14
p. 18
p. 22
p. 24
p. 27
p. 30
p. 33
p. 33

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
hataii, Pitar 
hataii, Serripes hataii, Thracia hataii, Zirfaea hatakeyamae, Chlamys (Chlamys) hayasakai, Aviculopecten hayasakai, Barbatia (Acar) hayasakai, Bassina (Callanatis) hizenense, Cardium (Cerastoderma) hizenensis, Nucula hokiensis, Macoma hokkaidoana, Trigonia hokkaidoensis, Anadara (Anadara) hokkaidoensis, Nucula (Acila) hokkaidoensis, Pectunculus hokkaidoensis, Pitar hokurikuensis, Patinopecten (Patinopecten) tokyoensis 
ibaragiensis, Patinopecten 
ibukii, Protocardia ichinohense, Trapezium (Neotrapezium) imanishii, Chlamys 
inconspicuus, Crassatellites 
infantile, Cardium (Trachycardium) inflata, Thyasira intermedius, Solen iriomotensis, Cucullaea iriomotensis, Glycymeris 
ishidae, Chlamys (Chlamys) ishidoense, Cardium 
ishidoensis, Lima (Limatula) ishidoensis, Modiola? ishidoensis, Nucula isoharense, Trapezium (Neotrapezium) isomatsuense, Trapezium 
itoigawae, Chlamys (Chlamys) iwakiensis, Neoburmesia 
iwashibaraensis, Anadara (Scapharca?) iwatensis, Anadara (Anadara) iwatensis, Spisula 
iwatensis, Yoldia 
iwatonoensis, Anadara (Anadara) izuensis, Pecten (Decadopecten) izumo, Panomya 
izurense, Gloripallium 
japonica, Clementia japonica, Cyclina (Cyclina) japonica, Myophoria japonica, Serripes japonica, Thetironia affinis var japonica, Veniella? jobanicum, Trapezium 
kagaensis, Mizuhopecten kimurai

p. 46
p. 49
p. 52
p. 57
p. 22
p. 18
p. 19
p. 19
p. 20
p. 39
p. 35
p. 54
p. 14
p. 39
p. 45
p. 46
p. 42
p. 41
p. 48
p. 53
p. 22
p. 25
p. 20
p. 53
p. 50
p. 27
p. 32
p. 22
p. 20
p. 34
p. 37
p. 39
p. 53
p. 53
p. 22
p. 38
p. 14
p. 14
p. 50
p. 57
p. 14
p. 44
p. 41
p. 31
p. 23
p. 28
p. 38
p. 49
p. 52
p. 56
p. 54
p. 37

kahoensis, Macrocallista kahoensis, Ostrea kakehataensis, Anadara (Anadara) kakisakiensis, Pecten (Pecten) kamayasikiensis, Thracia kanezawaensis, Barbatia 
kannoi, Dosinia (Kaneharaia) kanomatazawaensis, Panope karatsuensis, Nucula karihaensis, Nuculana (Nuculana) katsumatai, Cardita kazusaensis, Pholadomya kesenensis, Crenipecten kidoensis, Thracia kiiensis, Acila (Acila) kikaiensis, Pecten (Aequipecten) kikaizimana, Arca (Arca) kikaizimana, Tellina kimurai, Nuculites 
kintaichiensis, Patinopecten yamasakii kishimaense, Cardium (Cerastoderma?) kissyuensis, Schizothaerus nuttalli kitahukuokaensis, Mya arenaria
kitakamiensis, Annuliconcha kitamurai, Chlamys kitamurai, Codakia kobiyamai, Patinopecten kogachiensis, Anadara (Hataiarca) kokozuraensis, Nucula kondoi, Cardita 
konnoi, Saccella kosuiensis, Lucinopsis kotakae, Chlamys (Chlamys) kotakai, Cardiomya (Cardiomya) kotakai, Corbicula (Corbicula) kotoi, Pitar kumanodoensis, Chlamys kumasoana, Lima amaxensis var 
kunigamiensis, Lucina 
kuntsuipinensis, Tellina 
kurodae, Ezocallista kuroishiensis, Fortipecten kurosawaensis, Thracia kurosawai, Entomonotis kurosedaniensis, Anadara (Anadara) kyushuensis, Corbula (Cunaecorbula) kyushuensis, Pecten kyushuensis, Pitaria leguminoides, Cultellus? limopsis, Lima (Limea) lunaeformis, Ostrea makiyamae, Clinocardium asagaiense 

103
p. 35
p. 40
p. 14
p. 44
p. 52
p. 19
p. 30
p. 41
p. 39
p. 39
p. 20
p. 46
p. 26
p. 52
p. 13
p. 44
p. 16
p. 51
p. 40
p. 42
p. 21
p. 49
p. 37
p. 16
p. 22
p. 24
p. 42
p. 14
p. 39
p. 20
p. 49
p. 35
p. 22
p. 20
p. 24
p. 46
p. 22
p. 34
p. 34
p. 51
p. 30
p. 30
p. 52
p. 30
p. 14
p. 25
p. 44
p. 47
p. 27
p. 34
p. 40
p. 24

104

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

makiyamai, Anadara manchuriensis, Ctenodonta masagoi, Polynemamussium 
masudai, Anadara (Scapharca) matsukuchiensis, Nuculana (Nuculana) matsumoriensis, Miyagipecten matsumotoi, Pitaria matsunagiensis, Aequipecten matsunoi, Chlamys (Chlamys) matsuraensis, Crassatellites matsuraensis, Macrocallista matsushimaensis, Teredo 
matumoriensis, Pecten (Patinopecten) kimuraip 
maxima, Tellina miikense, Cardium millegrana, Venericardia millepustulata, Taras 
minoensis, Aviculopecten 
minor, Astarte 
mirabilis, Cyrena 
miurensis, Arca (Arca) miyagiensis, Halicardia miyagiensis, Pecten (Chlamys) kagamianus miyakoensis, Astarte miyamoriensis, Strebrochondria miyamotoi, Pholadomya? 
moniwaensis, Patinopecten kagamianus 
monstrosa, Pitar sendaica 
multistriata, Daonella kotoi var muraii, Serripes murataensis, Mizuhopecten paraplebejusmuroensis, Solemya (Acharax) nagahamaensis, Tapes nagakoensis, Spisula (Mactromeris) polynyma naganoensis, Anadara (Anadara) naganoensis, Patinopecten (Kotorapecten) nagaoi, Batissa nagaoi, Chlamys (Chlamys) nagaoi, Nicaniella (Trautscholdia) nagaoi, Noetia 
nagaoi, Venericardia 
nakajimai, Patinopecten 
nakatonbetsuensis, Patinopecten (Patinopecten) yessoensis
nakayamaensis, Mactra 
nakosoensis, Clementia (Clementia) nakosoensis, Glycymeris nakosoensis, Patinopecten kimurai nanakitaensis, Pecten (Swiftopecten) naomiae, Glans nigamiensis, Serripes makiyamai niikappuensis, Chlamys (Chlamys) ninohensis, Meretrix meretrix

p. 14
p. 27
p. 48
p. 15
p. 40
p. 36
p. 47
p. 13
p. 22
p. 26
p. 36
p. 52
p. 44
p. 51
p. 21
p. 55
p. 51
p. 18
p. 17
p. 28
p. 16
p. 33
p. 44
p. 17
p. 51
p. 46
p. 42
p. 46
p. 29
p. 49
p. 37
p. 50
p. 51
p. 50
p. 15
p. 42
p. 19
p. 23
p. 38
p. 38
p. 55
p. 42
p. 43
p. 36
p. 23
p. 32
p. 42
p. 44
p. 31
p. 49
p. 23
p. 36

ninohensis, Patinopecten yamasakii nipponica, Cucullaea nipponica, Thyasira bisecta var nipponicus, Inoceramus concentricus var nipponicus, Leukomoides 
nishizawaensis, Thracidora 
nodai, Cyclina? noharai, Pododesmus (Monia) nomurae, Panopea 
nomurai, "Clinocardium" nomurai, Placopecten 
nomurai, Trifaricardium 
notoensis, Tellina 
nozokiensis, Glycymeris nuibetsuensis, Crenella (Megacrenella) numaensis, Barbatia (Acar) obessa, Anadara (Tegillarca) obsoleta, Trigonarca? obsoletiformis, Parallelodon 
obsoletoradiata, Rochefortia ochii, Peronidia ogachiensis, Palaeoneilo 
ogasawarai, Yabepecten ogawaensis, Mytilus ogawaraensis, Glycymeris ohiroi, Anisocorbula ohiroi, Paphia (Paphia) euglypta oidensis, Chlamys 
okadae, Myadora okinawaensis, Dosinia (Phacosoma) okinawaensis, Oxyperas okinawazimana, Codakia (Jagonia) okinoshimaensis, Venericardia omagariense, Clinocardium 
omagariensis, Nucula (Ennucula) omaruensis, Anadara (Scapharca) ommaensis, Nipponopagia ommaensis, Venericardia (Megacardita) onukii, Acanthopecten 
onukii, Aviculopecten? onukii, Venericardia oshimaensis, Glycymeris 
otsukai, Cyrena 
otukae, Chlamys 
otukai, Lithophaga otukai, Lucinoma 
owadaensis, Margaritifera pacificus, Pseudogrammatodon pedalionoides, Inoceramus 
philippianus, Azorius 
pitogoensis, Gari (Gari) planicostulatus, Pecten (Patinopecten) 

p. 43
p. 27
p. 53
p. 33
p. 33
p. 53
p. 28
p. 48
p. 41
p. 24
p. 47
p. 54
p. 51
p. 32
p. 26
p. 19
p. 15
p. 54
p. 41
p. 49
p. 46
p. 40
p. 57
p. 38
p. 32
p. 16
p. 41
p. 23
p. 37
p. 30
p. 40
p. 24
p. 55
p. 24
p. 39
p. 15
p. 38
p. 55
p. 13
p. 18
p. 56
p. 32
p. 28
p. 23
p. 34
p. 35
p. 36
p. 48
p. 33
p. 18
p. 31
p. 44

Catalogue of type specimens of fossil Bivalvia
ponderosa, Cyrena (Batissa) praenipponica, Ennucula 
problematica, Diplodonta? prototenuilirata, Tellina 
pseudomeretrix, Meretrix 
pseudoplana, Callista 
pseudosubcrenata, Anadara (Hataiarca) pseudotruncata, Anomia pulchellum, Periploma 
pustulosa, Trigonia quadrata, Thyasira 
quadriangulata, Venericardia radiatostriata, Cyrena rectangularis, Conularia 
reticularis, Aviculopecten rhynconelloides, Glycymeris 
ryukyuensis, Venericardia sachalinensis, Corbicula (Corbicula) sachalinensis, Pectunculus saikaiensis, Saccella saikawai, Caryocorbula sakamizuensis, Arca sakitoensis, Ostrea sakitoensis, Pecten (Chlamys) sakoi, Limatula sanchuensis, Corbicula (Veloritina?) sanchuensis, Nuculana sanchuensis, Perna sasakii, Aviculopecten satoi, Parapholas scabricostulata, Tellina scaphoides, Yoldia sekiyaensis, Callista 
sekiyaensis, Psammocola semipolita, Codakia 
setsukoae, Chlamys (Chlamys) shimizui, Corbicula (Corbicula) shimotokuraense, Vasticardium 
shimotsukensis, Paphia shimotsukensis, Spisula shinanoensis, Arca shinanoensis, Astarte shinanoensis, Gervillia 
shiobarensis, "Pitar" 
shiobarensis, Serripes shirahamaensis, Pecten (Pecten) shiratoriensis, Rexithaerus 
shiroiensis, Cyrena shiroyamaensis, Nucula (Nucula) shitakaraensis, Chlamys shitakaraensis, Crenella (Megacrenella) shitakaraensis, Solen 

p. 28
p. 30
p. 29
p. 52
p. 36
p. 19
p. 15
p. 16
p. 45
p. 54
p. 53
p. 56
p. 28
p. 24
p. 18
p. 32
p. 56
p. 25
p. 45
p. 49
p. 21
p. 17
p. 40
p. 44
p. 34
p. 25
p. 40
p. 46
p. 18
p. 41
p. 52
p. 57
p. 20
p. 48
p. 24
p. 23
p. 25
p. 55
p. 41
p. 51
p. 17
p. 18
p. 31
p. 47
p. 50
p. 44
p. 48
p. 29
p. 39
p. 23
p. 26
p. 50

shitakaraensis, Thracia (Thracia) shizuokaensis, Anadara (Scapharca?) sinelnikovae, Septifer sokeishiensis, Arca (Arca) spinosus, Acanthopecten 
striatocostata, Crenella subexcavata, Thyasira 
subfornicata, Crenella submaximus, Angulus maximus
subnipponica, Venericardia 
subomalioides, Astarte subpectiniformis, Glycymeris 
subquadrata, Daonella densisulcata var 
subsenecta, Astarte subsquamatus, Pecten (Pecten) subtumida, Corbula (Corbula) sulcataroides, Mactra 
sunakozakaensis, Crassostrea sunakozakaensis, Pitar 
sunakozakaensis, Pteria 
suzuensis, Myadora 
suzuensis, Paphia (Paphia) 
taiwanensis, Batissa 
taiwanensis, Corbula (Corbula) taiwanensis, Venus (Chione) taiwanica, Anadara (Scapharca) taiwanus, Pecten (Patinopecten) takagii, Callista chinensis takahashii, Ctenodonta takanabensis, Anadara (Scapharca) takaoensis, Arca (Arca) takasago, Corbicula 
takashimaensis, Pitaria takasimensis, Pholadomya takayamai, Anadara (Hataiarca) takiensis, Brachidontes tamurae, Chlamys 
tanakuraensis, Anadara (Anadara) tatunokutiensis, Dosinia tayamai, Pecten (Decadopecten) teshimaense, Vasticardium 
tobai, Myophoria subelegans var tochigiensis, Meretrix 
tokunagai, Thyasira 
tomiyaensis, Crenella tomiyasui, Pedalion 
tonohamanus, Loripes 
torii, Cardium (Nemocardium) tosaensis, Anadara (Tosarca) tosana, Lioconcha 
tosanus, Crassatellites 
toyajoanus, Inoceramus balticus var 

105
p. 53
p. 15
p. 49
p. 17
p. 13
p. 26
p. 53
p. 26
p. 16
p. 56
p. 18
p. 32
p. 29
p. 18
p. 45
p. 25
p. 36
p. 26
p. 47
p. 48
p. 37
p. 41
p. 19
p. 25
p. 56
p. 15
p. 45
p. 19
p. 27
p. 15
p. 17
p. 25
p. 47
p. 46
p. 15
p. 19
p. 23
p. 15
p. 30
p. 45
p. 55
p. 38
p. 36
p. 53
p. 26
p. 45
p. 34
p. 21
p. 16
p. 34
p. 26
p. 33

106

Shin’ichi Sato, Tomoki Chiba, Takaki Yamanaka, Jun Nemoto, Masanori Shimamoto and Takashi Matsubara

toyomaensis, Saccella confusa transversa, Arca (Noetia) pondaungensis var triangulus, Circe (Circe) tricarinata, Tellina 
tsudae, Patinopecten poculum 
tsudai, Anadara (Anadara) tsurushizakiensis, Barbatia (Pugilarca) tuberculosa, Plicatula uchigoensis, Nuttallia uetsukiensis, Barbatia (Barbatia) umbonata, Cyclina (Cyclina) umedairensis, Tellina 
wakuyaensis, Placopecten wanizakiensis, Modiolus yabei, Barbatia (Pugilarca) yabei, Crassatellites yabei, Inoceramus 
yabei, Pecten (?Amussiopecten) yabei, Pseudoactinodontophora yabei, Venus (Chione) 

p. 49
p. 17
p. 23
p. 52
p. 42
p. 16
p. 19
p. 48
p. 40
p. 19
p. 28
p. 52
p. 47
p. 37
p. 19
p. 26
p. 33
p. 45
p. 48
p. 56

yaegashii, Horiopleura 
p. 33
yaeyamaensis, Fimbria 
p. 30
yamadai, Macoma 
p. 35
yamaguchii, Glycymeris 
p. 32
yasudae, Polynemamussium 
p. 48
yasuhiroi, Modiolus (Modiolatus) p. 37
yatsuoensis, Anadara (Hataiarca) 
p. 16
yokoyamae, Patinopecten (Patinopecten) yessoensis  p. 43
yokoyamai, Arca (Barbatia) 
p. 17
yokoyamai, Grammatodon 
p. 32
yokoyamai, Ostrea (Ostrea) 
p. 40
yokoyamai, Pitaria 
p. 47
yokoyamai, Trigonia 
p. 54
yokoyamai, Volsella 
p. 56
yoshidai, Nemocardium (Keenaea) 
p. 38
yoshidai, Venericardia 
p. 56
yubaensis, Angulararca 
p. 16
yubarensis, Pecten (Propeamussium) cowperi var p. 43
yudaensis, Patinopecten kimurai 
p. 42
zyonoensis, Tellina venulosa p. 52

Bull. Tohoku Univ. Museum, No. 15, p. 107, 2016
© by The Tohoku University Museum

Nicaniella (Trautscholdia) nagaoi, a new replacement
name for Astarte minor Nagao, 1934, non Astarte sulcata
var. minor Jeffreys, 1864 [“1863”] (Mollusca: Bivalvia:
Astartidae)
Takashi Matsubara
Laboratory of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University of Education at Kushiro; Shiroyama 1-15-55,
Kushiro 085-8580, Japan <matsubara.takashi@k.hokkyodai.ac.jp>

During the course of the taxonomical and nomenclatural
survey of fossil Bivalvia housed at the Tohoku University
Museum (Sato et al., 2016), I found Astarte minor Nagao,
1934 (Nagao, 1934: p. 220-221, pl. 28, figs. 5-10) fromthe Lower Cretaceous Hiraiga Formation of the Miyako
Group in the Miyako district, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, is
preoccupied by Astarte sulcata var. minor Jeffreys, 1864[“1863”] (Jeffreys, 1864: p. 312) from England. Nagao’s(1934) species was thought a distinct species belonging toTrautscholdia Cox and Arkell, 1948 (Hayami, 1975), whichis thought a subgenus in the genus Nicaniella Chavan, 1945
(Chavan, 1969), and has no valid senior or junior synonyms(e.g. Hayami, 1975). Therefore, I herein propose Nicaniella(Trautscholdia) nagaoi, nom. nov. for Astarte minor
Nagao, 1934. The name is in honor of the late Prof. Takumi
Nagao (1891-1943) of Hokkaido Imperial University (later of
Tôhoku Imperial University).
I also noticed that Mya convexa Noda, 1992 (Noda, 1992:
p. 90-91, pl. 7, figs. 1-9), from the “Lower Miocene” [revised
as Upper Eocene by Kurita et al., 1992] Lower Sankebetsu
Formation in Hokkaidô, Japan, is a primary junior homonym
of Mya convexa Wood, 1815 (Wood, 1815: p. 92, pl. 18,
fig. 1) [=Thracia convexa (Wood, 1815)] from Devonshire,
England. As I informed its author, Dr. Yoshikazu Noda of
the Fukui Dinosaur Museum, Katsuyama, Japan, of thesehomonyms following the “Code of Ethics” of ICZN (Appendix
A; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature,1999), its new replacement name is to be proposed byhimself elsewhere.

References
Chavan, A., 1945: Les lamellibranches hétérodontes des sables
astartiens de Cordebugle (Calvados). I. Astartidae, Cyprinidae,
Isocardiidae. Journal de Conchyliologie, vol. 86, no. 2, p. 4186, pl. 1.

Chavan, A., 1969: Superfamily Crassatellacea Ferussac,
1822. In: Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C. eds., Treatise on
Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N. Mollusca 6. Bivalvia, Vol.
2. p. N562-N580. Geological Society of America, Boulder /University of Kansas, Lawlene.
Cox, L. R. and Arkell, W. J., 1948: A Survey of the Mollusca of
the British Great Oolite Series: Primarily a Nomenclatorial
Revision of the Monographs by Morris and Lycett (185155), Lycett (1863) and Blake (1905-1907), Part I. xiii + 48 p.
Palaeontographical Society, London.
Hayami, I., 1975: A systematic survey of the Mesozoic Bivalvia
from Japan. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo,
Bulletin, no. 10, p. i-vi, 1-249.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999:
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition.
xxix + 306 p. International Thrust for Zoological Nomenclature
1999, London.
Jeffreys, J. G., 1864 [“1863”]: British Conchology, or an Accountof the Mollusca, Which Now Inhabit the British Isles and theSurrounding Seas. Vol. 2. Marine Shells, Comprising theBrachiopoda, and Conchifera From the Family of Anomiidae toThat of Mactridae. xiv + 465 p., 8 pls. J. Van Voorst, London.
Kurita, H., Ichinoseki, T. and Obuse, A., 1992: Geologic age of theSankebetsu and Haboro formations, Haboro area, northern
Hokkaido. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, vol. 98,
no. 3, p. 259-266. (in Japanese)
Nagao, T., 1934: Cretaceous Mollusca from the Miyako District,Honshu, Japan (Lamellibranchiata and Gastropoda). Journal of
the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial Unversity, Series 4,
vol. 2, no. 3, p. 177-278, pls. 23-29.
Noda, Y., 1992: Neogene molluscan faunas from the Haboro
Coal-field, Hokkaido, Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku
University, Second Series (Geology), vol. 62, nos. 1-2, p.
1-140, pls. 1-16.
Sato, S., Chiba, T., Yamanaka, T., Nemoto, J., Shimamoto, M.
and Matsubara, T., 2016: A catalogue of name-bearing typespecimens of fossil Bivalvia (Mollusca) registered in the Tohoku
University Museum. Bulletin of the Tohoku University Museum,no. 15 , p. 9-106.
Wood, W., 1815: General Conchology; or, a Description of Shells,
Arranged According to the Linnean System, and Illustrated with
Plates, Drawn and Coloured from Nature, Vol. 1. 7 + 4 + lxi +246 p., 59 pls. J. Booth, London.

Bull. Tohoku Univ. Museum, No. 15, pp. 109–125, 2016
© by The Tohoku University Museum

北海道中央部芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群の古地磁気学的研究
北川雄貴＊ , 高嶋礼詩＊＊ , 伊藤康人＊* 大阪府立大学大学院理学系研究科物理科学専攻、** 東北大学総合学術博物館

Paleomagnetism of the Sorachi and Yezo Group in the
Ashibetsu area, central Hokkaido, Japan
Yuki Kitagawa ＊ , Reishi Takashima ＊＊ and Yasuto Itoh ＊*Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan,**The Tohoku University Museum, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Abstract: Paleomagnetic study was performed on Upper Jurassic~Lower Cretaceous SorachiGroup and Yezo Group in Ashibetsu area, central Hokkaido for quantitative estimation of tectonic
movements in reference to the northeastern Eurasia. Characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM),
which is carried by various ferromagnetic minerals, was isolated for five sites. To determine their
origin, we executed isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) experiments, and origin of ChRM
is categorized into two groups. One of them is positive in reversal test, and enhanced precisionparameter after tilt correction implied pre-folding origin. Untilted formation mean direction(D=−12.0 ˚, I=47.7 °, α95=12.3 °) is characterized by significantly shallower inclination than the
expected value for coeval mother continent. These results suggest northward movement of 2100 km(±1500 km) since the Cretaceous. In comparison with previous paleomagnetic studies and tectonic
models, central Hokkaido could consist of at least two components and have experienced rapid
northward movement driven by plate movements.
Keywords: Cretaceous, central Hokkaido, paleomagnetism, northward movement

1．はじめに北海道はユーラシア大陸東縁に位置し（図１）、中新世の末頃から千島弧の衝突により日高山脈の隆起が始まる（木村 , 1981）など、非常に活発な変動の場である。北海道
は地質学的に西部・中央部・東部の３つに区分され、西部は東北日本弧の北方延長、中央部は東北日本前弧からサハ
リンへ南北に延びる構造区の一部、東部は千島弧の南西端部をなすと解釈される（加藤ほか , 1990）。しかし、それらの発達史は複雑で、特に中央部に関しては地体構造の帰属について議論の余地が残されている。そのため、多くの研究者によってその起源を解き明かそうと研究がなされてきた（君波ほか , 1985; Kimura et al., 1994; Takashima et al.,2006 など）。北海道中央部は、さらに西より礼文−樺戸帯、

空知−蝦夷帯、日高帯に区分される（図１b）。礼文−樺戸
帯は前期白亜紀の島弧火山列、空知−蝦夷帯の上部を構成する蝦夷層群は前弧海盆堆積物、日高帯は西側沈み込みに伴う付加体と解釈されている。しかし蝦夷層群の下位にある空知層群については、付加した海台（Kimura et al., 1994）
や島弧火山列（Takashima et al., 2006）、海洋地殻（新井田・
紀藤 , 1986）など諸説ある。空知層群が、付加した海台と島弧火山列という２説には、その起源が現在よりも南にあるという共通点がある。しかし、どのようなプロセスで北上してきたかという点に明確な違いがある。付加海台説では、空知層群は海洋プレートの運動に伴ってユーラシア東縁へ向かって北上し、衝突とともにその運動は停止するとされる。島弧火山列説では、海洋プレートの斜め沈み込みに伴う左横ずれ断層運動によって北上してきたと考えられ

110

北川雄貴・高嶋礼詩・伊藤康人

図 1	(a) 日本列島周辺地図。(b) 北海道の構造区分（君波ほか , 1986 を編図）。これまでに報告されている古地磁気学的研究と本研究対象地域をシンボルで示す。
Fig. 1 	(a) An index map around Japan arc. (b) Tectonic map of Hokkaido modified from Kiminami et al. (1986). Opensymbols on the map show previous paleomagnetic studies, and a hatched area denotes this study area.

る。左横ずれ断層運動に関連した日本列島の古地理復元は、
Otsuki (1992) や 田沢（2004）でも試みられているが、これらの復元図における北海道の位置は大きく異なっており、更なる検証が必要であると思われる。
このように、日本海拡大以前の北海道のテクトニクスに関する混乱の一因は、空知−蝦夷帯とユーラシア東縁の地質ユニットとの連続性が乏しく、原位置を特定できないことにある。詳細な古地理復元を行うには、大陸プレートとの南北偏距を定量的に評価できる古地磁気学的研究が必要である。本研究では、芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群に対して古地磁気学的研究を行い、道央の主部を構成する地層の古緯度を推定し、北方移動量について考察する。

2．研究史の概説
海台説を唱える Kimura et al. (1994) では、空知層群と神居古潭帯に分布する玄武岩の岩石学的研究を行った。空知層群玄武岩は P2O5-TiO2 に乏しく、高い Y/Nb, Zr/Nb 比を示し、神居古潭帯の玄武岩は P2O5-TiO2 に富み、低い Y/Nb, Zr/
Nb 比を示すことから、空知層群玄武岩を N or T-type MORB
(normal or transition-type mid-oceanic ridge basalts) に、神居古潭帯の玄武岩を P-type MORB (plume-type mid-oceanic
ridge basalts) と対比した。これらの多様性のある玄武岩形成を説明するモデルとして、海洋プレート直下のマントルプルームによるメルトの混合を考え、プルームにより大量の玄武岩が供給され、空知海台が形成されるモデルを提唱した。このモデルに基づくと、空知海台は白亜紀初期（140Ma）には、赤道付近（北緯約 5 °）に存在し、そこから海洋プレートの運動に伴って北上し、前期白亜紀の終わり頃（110 Ma）には現在の位置に到達している。
東北日本と北海道が左横ずれ断層運動によって北上したとする説については、いずれの場合も、前期白亜紀～古第北海道中央部芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群の古地磁気学的研究
三紀の間に中央構造線や棚倉構造線などが大規模な左横ずれを起こしたことを想定している。田沢（2004）は、南部
北上帯・飛騨外縁帯・黒瀬川帯における古生代の腕足類群集や陸上植物群集などの古生物学的根拠から古地理復元を行っている。中央構造線や棚倉構造線の活動時期、断層の移動方向や変位量に関する研究を引用しつつ、古生代での各帯の位置関係を元に、前期白亜紀から古第三紀の間に南部北上帯は中央構造線・棚倉構造線などの左横ずれ断層系に沿って、約 1500~2000 km の移動を被ったとしている。
本研究では、古地磁気データから算定される古緯度に基づく議論を行うので、総移動距離を南北偏距に換算する。当時のユーラシア縁辺の形状には不確定要素が残るが、現在とほぼ同じ形状であると仮定すると、北方移動量は約
1300~1700 km 程度と見積もられる。
一 方、Takashima et al. (2006) は、 空 知 層 群 の 詳 細 な 地
質調査により、古環境復元と古地理復元を行った。道央
奈江地域の空知層群から得られている古地磁気学的古緯度（31.5 °N ± 5 °, Valanginian [139.8~132.9 Ma], 星・ 高 嶋 ,1999）を元に、海洋プレートの運動方向の変化に伴って
左横ずれ断層運動が起こり、北海道と東北日本の一部が北上してきたと推定した。彼らが論拠とした古緯度データ
から南北移動量を計算すると約 1200 km になる。しかし、Takashima et al. (2006) では、最も地点平均方位の信頼限界
円半径が小さい 1 地点のデータのみを引用しており、地磁
気永年変化の影響を排除できていない可能性がある。
Otsuki (1992) は、大槻・永広（1992）が見積もった東北
日本の左横ずれ断層系の断層変位をもとに、古地理復元を111行っている。大槻・永広（1992）では、早池峰構造帯・母体変成岩類・宮守超塩基性岩類について、変成分帯の対比と連続性や、岩相や化学組成が類似する酸性 ~ 塩基性火山
岩類によって、その西・南方延長部を識別し、断層変位を見積もっている。また、マイロナイトや花崗岩の放射年代測定結果などから、各断層の主な活動時期は前期白亜紀末頃で、一部の断層は始新世に再活動したとしている。
比較的詳細な古地理復元を行っており、北方移動量に相違のある Takashima et al. (2006) と Otsuki (1992) の古地理復元図を簡略化したものを図 2 に示す。これによると、Otsuki(1992) 古地理復元によって得られた北海道の古緯度は、現在とほぼ同じであることがわかる。一方、Takashima et al.
(2006) では、前述のように古地磁気学的データを根拠として、大規模な北方移動を提唱している。
星・高嶋（1999）は、富良野地域奈江川流域に分布する
空知層群に対する古地磁気学的研究を行った。試料は、玄武岩およびドレライトから採取され、段階熱消磁実験によって、450 ˚C までに消去される低温成分と 450 ˚C 以上の高温で安定な成分が分離されている。高温で安定な成分は、
Ti をわずかに含むチタノマグネタイトによって担われていると解釈される。安定な残留磁化成分が分離された４地点の傾動補正後の全地点平均方位は、D= − 34.0 °, I=40.9 °,α 95 ＝ 22.3 °であった。高温で安定な成分の地点平均方位については、正・逆の両極性が確認されており、それらは逆転テスト（McFadden and Jones, 1981）に合格する。しかし、正帯磁を示す地点の平均方位については、95 % の信頼限界円半径（α 95）が大きく（25~45 °）、データの信頼

図 2	先行研究による前期白亜紀の古地理復元図。左図は Takashima et al. (2006) 、右図は Otsuki (1992) を簡略化したもの。
矢印は、119 Ma におけるイザナギプレートの運動速度（Engebretson et al., 1985）を表す。
Fig. 2	Paleoreconstruction maps in Early Cretaceous, simplified from Takashima et al. (2006; left), and Otsuki (1992; right).
Thick arrow symbol shows the velocity of Izanagi plate at around 119Ma (Engebretson et al., 1985).

112

北川雄貴・高嶋礼詩・伊藤康人

性には疑問が残された。全地点の平均方位（formation-mean
direction）についてもα 95 の値が大きいため、高精度の古地理復元を行うためにはさらなる研究が望まれる。

3．調査地域の地質的背景
芦別地域では空知層群・蝦夷層群が南北走向で帯状に分布し（図３）、大きな背斜構造を形成している。本研究地
域はその西翼にあたり、西側上位の同斜構造を示す。神居古潭帯は、北海道中央部の南北に断続しながら分布する
蛇紋岩・各種高圧変成岩を含む構造体である（加藤ほか ,1990）。本研究地域の空知層群・蝦夷層群は、N − S から
N20 °E 程度の走向と垂直もしくは 70 °以上東側に傾く逆転構造を示す。本研究では、高嶋ほか（2001）・Takashima

et al. (2006) の定義に従い、空知層群を下位より極楽平層・芦別川層・中天狗層・尻岸馬内川層の４層に区分し、蝦夷層群下部を惣芦別川層、シューパロ川層の２層に区分した（図４）。極楽平層は、ピクライトおよびピクライト質玄武岩・ハイアロクラスタイトを主体とする。芦別川層は、赤色泥岩を主体とし、安山岩質の暗緑色火山性砂岩層を伴う。
中天狗層は、粗面安山岩質角礫岩・礫質砂岩層を主とし、基底部に玄武岩質角礫岩層を伴う。尻岸馬内川層は、珪質の凝灰質泥岩と安山岩質火山砕屑物からなる砂岩を主とし、下位より御茶々岳泥岩部層、布部岳砂岩部層の２部層に区分される（図４）。 御茶々岳泥岩部層下部には、ウーイドを主体とする石灰質タービダイト層が数層挟まる。惣芦別川
層は、やや珪質の暗灰色泥岩を主体とし、白色の珪長質細粒凝灰岩層を頻繁に挟在する。シューパロ川層は主にター
ビダイトからなり、砂岩優勢の礼振峰砂岩部層、オルビト
リナ石灰岩を含む大規模なオリストストローム層からなる
崕山オリストストローム部層、砂岩優勢の奥境の沢砂岩泥岩部層の３部層に区分される（図４）。空知層群～蝦夷層群
惣芦別川層にかけては、多くの放散虫を産出し、蝦夷層群
奥境の沢砂岩泥岩部層から、アンモナイト・浮遊性有孔虫化石が産出し始める。放散虫化石群集に基づくと、極楽平層は Kimmeridgian~Tithonian (157.3~145.0 Ma) に、芦別川
層・中天狗層は Berriasian (145.0~139.8 Ma) に、尻岸馬内川
層 は Valanginian~Barremian (139.8~125.0 Ma) に 対 比 さ れ（Takashima et al., 2006）、浮遊性有孔虫化石から、蝦夷層群
下部の惣芦別川層・礼振峰砂岩部層・崕山オリストストロー
ム部層は Aptian (125.0~113.0 Ma) に、奥境の沢砂岩泥岩部
層は Albian (113.0~100.5 Ma) にそれぞれ対比される（高嶋ほか、2001）。

3．古地磁気試料とその測定方法

図 3	古地磁気試料サンプリング地点（AS01~06, OK01）と周辺地質図。地質図は Takashima et al. (2006) を簡略化。奈江川流域で報告されている古地磁気研究を星印で示す（星・高嶋 , 1999）。
Fig. 3	Geological map around Ashibetsu area withpaleomagnetic sampling points. Star denotesa previous paleomagnetic study (Hoshi and
Takashima, 1999). Geological data is simplified
from Takashima et al. (2006).

古地磁気用試料として芦別川ルートより６地点、奥境の沢ルートより１地点、計７地点において、エンジンドリルを用いて９~10 本のコア試料（直径 25 mm）を採取した。
それぞれの地点の、模式柱状図における層序学的位置と試料の岩相など基本データを、図４と表 1 に示す。試料採取
時に、磁気コンパスを用いてコアの定方位付けを行った。
各コアから切り出した円筒形試料片（直径 25 mm、高さ22 mm）の自然残留磁化（natural remanent magnetization;NRM）は、京都大学のシールドルーム内に設置された超伝
導 磁 力 計（model 760 − R SRM, 2 − G Enterprise, PacificGrove, CA, USA）を用いて計測した。各地点１～２個のパイロット試料片を選び、段階熱消磁（progressive thermal
demagnetization; PThD）実験、段階交流消磁（progressivealternating field demagnetization; PAFD）実験を行い、どちらが安定な残留磁化成分の分離に有効かを検証した。段階
熱消磁実験では、試料片位置での磁場が 10 nT 以下となる

北海道中央部芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群の古地磁気学的研究

113

図 4	芦別地域の層序と古地磁気サンプリング層準。層序、地質年代、放散虫基準面は、高嶋ほか（2001）と Takashima
et al. (2006) に従った。絶対年代は Gradstein et al. (2012) に従った。
Fig. 4	Paleomagnetic sampling horizons. Stratigraphy of Sorachi and Yezo Groups in Ashibetsu area is from Takashima
et al. (2006) and Takashima et al. (2001). Radiolarian datum is cited from Takashima et al. (2006). Geological timescale is cited by Gradstein et al. (2012).

表 1	古地磁気サンプルリスト
Table. 1	Paleomagnetic samples

N demag., number of specimens treated by progressive thermal demagnetization (PThD) or progressivealternating field demagnetization (PAFD); total, number of total specimens in a site; Tilting, bedding attitudeof a sampling site (S=strike, D=dip); Demag. method, applied demagnetization method for a site.

114

北川雄貴・高嶋礼詩・伊藤康人

磁気シールド環境下で、無誘導に巻いた電気炉を用いて空気中で加熱した。天然に存在する強磁性鉱物の中で、最も高いヘマタイトのキュリー温度である 680 °C まで加熱を行っても、完全に消磁されない試料については、さらに 690°C と 700 °C の熱消磁を行った。パイロット試料片の段階
熱消磁で、安定な残留磁化成分を分離できた地点については、残りの試料片についても段階熱消磁を行い、試料の熱変質による磁化強度の急激な上昇や、残留磁化方位のラン
ダムなふるまいがみられた地点については、段階交流消磁を採用した。測定後、主成分解析（Kirschvink, 1980）を行い、
特 徴 的 残 留 磁 化（characteristic remanent magnetization;
ChRM）成分の方位決定を試みた。
残留磁化を担う強磁性鉱物を同定するため、段階交流消磁を行った試料片を用いて、等温残留磁化（isothermal
remanent magnetization; IRM）の段階着磁実験（Kruiver etal., 2001）を行った。IRM の着磁実験では、段階的に直流磁場強度を大きくし、試料の磁化強度を測定する。そのため、実験結果は試料片中の強磁性鉱物の保磁力分布を反映する。
保磁力は強磁性鉱物の種類や粒径に依存し、鉱物粒子の粒径分布は、一般に対数正規分布を取ることが知られている（Kruiver et al., 2001）。実験結果は、着磁された IRM の強度を縦軸にとった LAP (linear acquisition plot)、LAP の勾配を縦軸にとった GAP (gradient acquisition plot) などを用いて表される。これらの結果は、いくつかの保磁力スペクトル成分の重ね合わせで近似され、飽和残留磁化の半分を獲得するのに必要な磁場強度である B1/2、分散を表す DP、飽和
残留磁化強度 M が、強磁性鉱物同定のための主なパラメータとなる。続いて、同じ試料片の直交する３軸に 3.0 T, 0.40 T,
0.12 T の外部磁場によって IRM を着磁させた後、段階熱消磁を行った（Lowrie, 1990）。実験結果は、熱消磁の各段階での、3.0 T (hard)・0.40 T (middle)・0.12 T (soft) の３成分の磁化強度比で表され、試料片中の高保磁力成分・中間保磁力成分・低保磁力成分の存在比や熱安定性についての実
験データを獲得できる。
段階熱消磁中の繰り返し加熱による、試料の熱変質の影
響 を 評 価 す る た め に、 各 段 階 に お い て、Bartington MS2
susceptibility meter を用い、初磁化率測定を２種類の周波数（LF= 0.47 kHz, HF=4.7 kHz）で行った。初磁化率の測定は、測定誤差の影響を最低限に抑制するため、周波数ごとに、５回ずつ行いその平均をとった。初磁化率には、周波数依存性が存在することが知られており、一般に高周波数での初磁化率（）は、低周波数での初磁化率（）より小さくなる。これは、超常磁性粒子が高周波数磁場に追随しにくいためであると考えられている（Heller et al., 1991）。
初磁化率の周波数依存性は、２つの異なる周波数で測定された初磁化率を用いて、f-factor[
Heller et al. (1991)] によって表され、超常磁性粒子の存在度を表す１つのパラメータとして扱われる。

初磁化率の異方性（anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility;
A M S ） を A G I C O K a p p a B r i d g e K LY- 3 S m a g n e t i csusceptibility meter を用いて測定した。AMS は、個々の強磁性鉱物粒子の異方性と粒子配列の異方性を反映し、比較的簡便に大量の定量的なデータを取得できるため、歪解析
や古流向解析、マグマの流動方向の解析などに広く利用されている。AMS は２階の対称テンソルで表現され、その三次元的形態は、楕円体で表される。楕円体の直交する３主軸の長さ（K1, K2, K3 もしくは Kmax, Kint, Kmin）が基本的なパラメータとなる。K1, K2, K3 を用いて磁化率は、Kmean = (K1 + K2
+ K3)/3 と表される。これら３主軸の値から異方性をどのように表現するかは多くの例があるが（Tarling and Hrouda,1993）、 本 研 究 で は そ の 中 で も よ く 利 用 さ れ る、Pj パ ラ
メータ [ ＝,

, 異 方 性 の 大 き さ を 表 す , Jelinek(1981)] と T パラメータ [=(2ln K2 − ln K1 − lnK3)/(ln K1 − lnK3), 異方性楕円体の形状を表す , Jelinek (1981)] を用いる。T
パラメータは、− 1<T<1 の値をとり、負の場合は扁長、正の場合は扁平な AMS ファブリックをもつことを示す。

4． 実験結果
4-1．特徴的残留磁化方位の決定
各地点の代表的な消磁結果を図５に示す。消磁結果を、消磁方法や残留磁化のふるまいに注目し、以下の４つに区分した。１）段階熱消磁によって、最高アンブロッキング
温度 580 °C と 690 °C の２つの成分が認められた地点（AS04,
AS05; 図５−１）。２）段階熱消磁によって、580 °C 以下のアンブロッキング温度をもつ、１つの成分が認められた地点（AS03; 図５−２）。３）段階熱消磁では ChRM を分離できなかったが、段階交流消磁によって１成分の ChRM を分離できた地点（AS02, OK01; 図５−３）。４）段階熱消磁でも段階交流消磁でも、安定な ChRM を分離することができなかった地点（AS01, AS04st, AS06; 図５−４）。AS04 においては、岩相によって著しく異なる消磁結果が得られたため、頁岩の試料片を AS04, 凝灰質砂岩の試料片を AS04st とした。AS04st・AS06 では、段階熱消磁によって、400~500°C 程度で残留磁化がほぼ消磁され、高アンブロッキング温度の安定成分が得られなかった（図５－４; AS0611）。AS01
では、PAFD によって試料片ごとの ChRM を分離することはできたが、地点平均では特定の方向を示さず、α 95 の値
が 100 °を上回ったため、同時期に獲得した ChRM を分離できなかったと判断した。
AS04, AS05 においては、最高アンブロッキング温度 580°C（低温）と 690 °C（高温）の２成分の残留磁化が分離された（図５−１）ので、低温成分に関しても高温成分と同様に方位決定を行った。石灰岩試料（AS01, AS02, OK01）の段階熱消磁では、約 500 °C 以上で磁化強度が上昇し、残北海道中央部芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群の古地磁気学的研究

115

図 5	代表的な段階熱消磁（progressive thermal demagnetization; PThD）と段階交流消磁（progressive alternating fielddemagnetization; PAFD）結果（傾動補正前）。ベクトル投影図の黒塗り円（●）は水平面、白塗り円（○）は N-S
鉛直面へのベクトル終点投影を示す。J/J0 は各段階での磁気モーメントの大きさを自然残留磁化（natural remanent
magnetization; NRM）で規格化したものを表す。（１）は段階熱消磁によって２つの安定な残留磁化成分が分離された地点。（２）は段階熱消磁によって１つの安定な残留磁化成分が分離された地点。（３）は段階交流消磁によって安定な残留磁化成分が分離された地点。（４）は安定な残留磁化成分が分離されなかった地点を示す。
Fig. 5	Representative results of progressive thermal demagnetization (PThD) and progressive alternating fielddemagnetization (PAFD) in in situ coordinates. Solid (open) circles on the Zijderveld diagrams represent the
projection of vector end-points on the horizontal (N-S vertical) plane. J/J0 shows relative intensity of magnetic
moments for each demagnetization step, standardized by natural remanent magnetization (NRM). (1) representative
sites in which two stable components are isolated by PThD. (2) representative site in which a stable component isisolated by PThD. (3) representative sites in which a stable component are isolated by PAFD. (4) representative
sites in which no stable component are isolated.

116

北川雄貴・高嶋礼詩・伊藤康人

留磁化方位がランダムに変化するふるまいが特徴的に認められた。石灰岩にしばしば含まれるシデライト（FeCO3）
は、実験室での加熱によりマグネタイトやヘマタイトに変化し、シールドルーム内であっても化学残留磁化（chemical
remanent magnetization; CRM）を獲得することが、Dunlopand Özdemir (1997) によって指摘されている。岩相が石灰岩である地点のうち、AS02, OK01 では段階交流消磁により
ChRM を分離することができた。以上の検討の結果、ChRMが分離できた地点について、地点平均方位を求め、表２に示した。
4-2．Isothermal remanent magnetization 実験結果
IRM の段階着磁実験結果を、図６に示す。実験を行った３地点（AS01, AS02, OK01）は同様の傾向を示し、僅かに中間 ~ 高保磁力成分が含まれているが、低保磁力成分（B1/2=40~60 mT）が支配的である。中間～高保磁力成分の磁化は全体の約３ % 程度であり、残留磁化についても低保磁力で特徴づけられる強磁性鉱物が大半を担っていると考えられる。低保磁力成分の B1/2 は、典型的なマグネタイトの保磁力（~10 mT; Dunlop and Özdemir, 1997）よりも大
きく、細粒で保磁力の高い単磁区サイズのマグネタイトが強磁性鉱物として主体をなす可能性を示唆している。
Lowrie (1990) の３軸 IRM の段階熱消磁結果を図７に示す。
低保磁力成分（~0.12 T）が支配的であり、その最高アンブロッ
キング温度は約 580 °C である。これは、低保磁力成分を担う強磁性鉱物がマグネタイトであることを示唆している。
中間保磁力成分（0.12~0.40 T）に関しても、最高アンブロッ
キング温度は、低保磁力成分と同じ約 580 °C であり、中間保磁力成分を担う強磁性鉱物もマグネタイトである可能性がある。IRM の段階着磁実験からも示唆された高い保磁力については、細粒マグネタイトの卓越を示唆していると考えられる。
4-3．初磁化率の周波数依存性
段 階 熱 消 磁 実 験 の 各 ス テ ッ プ で 測 定 し た 初 磁 化 率 と、
f-factor の値の変化を図８と図９に示す。石灰岩試料（AS01,
AS02, OK01; 図８）においては、500 °C 付近まで測定値の変動が大きいが（図８− b）、これはバルク初磁化率の値がBartington MS2 のノイズレベルに近いためで、計測誤差の影響を強く受けている可能性が高い。
石灰岩試料について、初磁化率が上昇した 500 °C 以上では、f-factor の値も安定している（図８− c）。これを見ると
f-factor は、500 °C から 680 °C に向かって単調に増加する傾向がみられる。これは、加熱により新たに析出した強磁性鉱物が、存在することを示唆している。
AS05 を除くその他の地点においても、500 ～ 600 °C 付
近から f-factor の上昇がみられた。注目すべきは、初磁化率の増減と f-factor の増減との間には必ずしも明瞭な相関が認められないことである（図９）。f-factor の増加は、新たに析出した超常磁性領域の極微粒強磁性鉱物の存在を示す。
一方、初磁化率の増加には新たに析出した強磁性鉱物が、初磁化率の減少には加熱による強磁性鉱物の変質が大きく関係しており、それらのバランスが初磁化率の増減を決定していると考えられる。したがって、新たに強磁性鉱物が析出している場合でも、試料片中の強磁性鉱物が変化する
ことにより、初磁化率は減少し得る。

表 2	芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群の古地磁気方位
Table. 2	Paleomagnetic directions of Sorachi Group and Yezo Group in Ashibetsu area.

 , number of specimens (sites); Dec. and Inc., site (formation)-mean declination and inclination before tilt correction;
N
Untilted dec. and Untilted inc., site (formation)-mean declination and inclination after tilt correction; α95, radius of
95 % confidence circle, values before tilt correction are shown in parentheses; Demag. method, demagnetization
method (PAFD is progressive alternating field demagnetization, PThD is progressive thermal demagnetization)
adopted for each site.

北海道中央部芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群の古地磁気学的研究

117

図 6	等温残留磁化（isothermal remanent magnetization; IRM）の段階着磁実験（Kruiver et al., 2001）結果。シンボル（□）
は測定データ。実線は合計フィッティングデータ。破線は各フィッティングの各保磁力スペクトル成分。
Fig. 6	Results of progressive IRM acquisition experiments (Kruiver et al., 2001). Open squares are raw data, and broken(solid) lines are individual (total) fitting data, respectively.

118

北川雄貴・高嶋礼詩・伊藤康人

図 7	直交３軸 IRM (hard=3.0 T, middle=0.40 T, soft=0.12 T) の段階熱消磁実験（Lowrie, 1990）。Hard 成分が 550 °C 付近
から増加しているのは、消磁途中に加熱などの影響により新たな磁化を獲得したためと思われる。
Fig. 7	Progressive three-axes IRM demagnetization experiment (hard=3.0T, middle=0.40T, soft=0.12T, Lowrie, 1990).
Slight increase of hard component around 550°C is caused by chemical change of ferromagnetic minerals during
repeated heating.

以上の結果は、初磁化率の周波数依存性が、新たな強磁性鉱物の析出についてバルク初磁化率とは別種の情報を与えるパラメータとなりうることを示している。

5． 議

論

5-1． 特徴的残留磁化の起源
芦別地域の古地磁気試料片から得られた磁化方位は、段
4-4．初磁化率異方性
階消磁に対する特徴から３つのグループに分類される
初 磁 化 率 異 方 性（anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility; （ 図 11）。 １ つ 目 は 段 階 熱 消 磁 に よ り ChRM が 分 離 さ れ
AMS）データを図 10 に表す。AMS は、鉄を含む鉱物粒子
た、最高アンブロッキング温度 560~580 °C の A グルーの配列方向を反映する。Tarling and Hrouda (1993) による
プ（AS03m, AS04m, AS05m）、２つ目は段階熱消磁によりと、一般に堆積岩においては、初期の堆積構造が保存され
ChRM が分離された最高アンブロッキング温度 690 °C のている場合、AMS の K3 軸が地層面と垂直な方向に束縛され、 B グループ（AS04h, AS05h）、最後に段階交流消磁によってAMS ファブリックは扁平（T>0）になる。AS02, AS04, AS05
ChRM が分離された C グループ（AS02, OK01）である。
では、K3 軸が地層面と垂直に近く、堆積初期の構造を保持
A グループ（AS03m, AS04m, AS05m）は、予察的に行っしていることを示唆している。
た段階交流消磁においても、段階熱消磁と同様の成分が確認された。MDF（median destructive field）は 10 mT 以下

北海道中央部芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群の古地磁気学的研究

119

図8

(a) 石灰岩試料（AS01, AS02, OK01）の段階熱消磁中、各段階の初磁化率強度。 (b) f-factor [Heller et al. (1991)] の値。(c) 高温領域の f-factor 拡大図。
Fig. 8	(a) Low-field susceptibility of limestone specimens (AS01, AS2, OK01) during progressive thermal demagnetization.
(b) f-factor [Heller et al. (1991)] of limestone specimens. (c) enlarged f-factor changes inhigh temperature treatments.

であったことと、最高アンブロッキング温度が 560~580°Cであることから、残留磁化を担う強磁性鉱物はマグネタイ
トあるいは Ti に乏しいチタノマグネタイトであると考えられる。
B グループ (AS04h, AS05h) はその最高アンブロッキング
温度（約 690 °C）から、残留磁化を担う強磁性鉱物はヘマ
タイトであると考えられる。
C グループの試料は、以下の特徴をもつ。１）石灰岩からなる、２）IRM の段階熱消磁実験の最高アンブロッキン
グ温度は約 580 °C であった、３）MDF は 10~30 mT 程度
であり、IRM の着磁実験では B1/2=40~60 mT であった。以上のことを踏まえると、残留磁化を担う強磁性鉱物は、保磁力の高い単磁区サイズのマグネタイトであると考えられる。
全地点の平均方位を求めるにあたり、B グループと C グ
ループをまとめたものを、BC グループとし全地点平均方位（formation-mean direction）を求めた（表 2、図 12）。A グルー

プ（AS03m, AS04m, AS05m）では、傾動補正後の集中度パ
ラメータκ (Fisher, 1953) は減少し（図 12）、McElhinny (1964)の統計テストも不合格であった。BC グループでは、傾動補
正後に集中度パラメータκの値は改善されている。これはBC グループの残留磁化が、傾動前に獲得したものであることを示唆している。また、正帯磁・逆帯磁のほぼ反平行な地点平均方位が得られており、逆転テスト（McFadden andJones, 1981）に合格した。したがって、BC グループの全地
点平均方位は、地球磁場の永年変化を平均化しているものと解釈できる。以上の結果より、BC グループの残留磁化は、初生的あるいは初生的に近い磁化であると解釈し、以下の議論を進める。
5-2．北方移動量の見積もり
全 地 点 平 均 方 位 は、 傾 動 補 正 後 に、D= − 12.0 °±18.5 °、I=47.7 °± 12.3 °、 α 95=12.3 °と な っ た。∆Dは、 信 頼 限 界 円 の 半 径（ α 95） と 伏 角 I を 用 い て、∆D=120

北川雄貴・高嶋礼詩・伊藤康人

図 9	段階熱消磁中各段階での初磁化率と f-factor (Heller et al., 1991) の値。
Fig. 9	Low-field susceptibility and f-factor (Heller et al., 1991) during progressive thermal demagnetization.

北海道中央部芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群の古地磁気学的研究

121

図 10	初磁化率異方性（anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility; AMS）データ（傾動補正後）を等面積投影図上に表したもの。
K1, K2, K3 は異方性を表す楕円体の直交する３主軸の方向と、３主軸の大きさの平均で規格化した各軸の長さを表す。
実線楕円は95 %信頼限界（Binghum, 1974）を表す。
N, 試料片数; Pj [＝], 異方性の大きさを表すパラメータ ; T [=(2ln K2 − ln K1 − ln K3)/(ln K1 − ln K3)], 形状パラメータ。
Fig. 10	Three principal axes of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) on equal-area projection after tilt correction.
K1, K2, K3 are principal axes of the magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid, and their value is normalized by averageof them [=(K 1+K 2+K 3)/3]. Solid oval is 95 % confidence limit (Binghum, 1974). N, number of specimens;
Pj [ ＝], degree of anisotropy; T [=(2ln K2－ ln K1 － ln K3)/(ln K1 － ln K3)], shape parameter.

122

北川雄貴・高嶋礼詩・伊藤康人

図 11	傾動補正後と傾動補正前の地点平均方位を等面積投影図上に表したもの。黒塗りは下半球への投影、白塗りは上半球への投影を表す。破線楕円は 95 % 信頼限界を表す。六稜星（✶）,A グループ ; 四稜星（✦）,B グループ ; 菱形（◆）,
C グループ。
Fig. 11 Site-mean directions in in situ and untilted coordinates on equal-area projections. Solid (open) symbols are on thelower (upper) hemisphere. Broken ovals are 95 % confidence limits. Six-pointed stars, A Group (AS03m, AS04m,
AS05m); four-pointed stars, B Group (AS04h, AS05h); diamonds, C Group (AS02, OK01).

arcsin(sin α 95/cosI) か ら 求 め ら れ る。∆I は α 95 に 等 しい。期待される地磁気方位と、観測された残留磁化方位の比較に際し、Beck (1980) の定義より、時計回り回転量（Tamaki and Itoh, 2008）を除く３地域で、有意な北方移動量を示していることがわかる。夕張～南長沼地域で報告されている後期始新世～前期漸新世の古地磁気方位（Tamaki() 、 et al., 2010）は、現在の地球磁場方位から予想される伏角と同程度の値を示しており（表３）、北海道中央部は少なくと
南北偏距()
も後期始新世には、現在と同程度の緯度に位置していたもを用いる。
のと思われる。
比較には、データがカバーする時代と地域の範囲が十分
本研究データの伏角から計算される北方移動量は、2100
であり、初生磁化の認定が厳密に行われ、ユーラシア大陸± 1500 km となる。これは、Takashima et al. (2006) や田沢の複数ブロックの衝突した時期が明瞭に記されている研究 （2004）で示される移動量と調和的である。一方、Otsuki
として、Gilder and Courtillot (1997) を用いた。Gilder and(1992) から推測される北方移動量と比較すると 2100 km とCourtillot (1997) によると、北中国ブロックと南中国ブロッ
いう値は明らかに大きい（図２）。北海道中央部から得られ
クの衝突は中期ジュラ紀には完了し、これらのブロックをている古地磁気データを説明するためには、より大規模な含むユーラシア東部は、白亜紀には現在とほぼ同じ位置に
北方移動量を想定する必要がある。
達していたとしている。そのため、本研究では、Gilder andKimura et al. (1994) によると、空知層群は太平洋赤道付近
Courtillot (1997) による、白亜紀の北中国ブロックにおけるで形成され、その後イザナギプレートの運動に伴って北上
仮想地磁気極から予測される地磁気方位と、今回得られた
し、110 Ma 頃には、ユーラシア東縁に衝突する。Kimura et
残留磁化方位を比較した。その結果、時計回り回転量 R= −al. (1994) のモデルから予想される南北偏距との比較を図 13
26.8 °± 20.7 °、南北偏距 F=18.0 °± 13.2 °が得られ、有意に示す。図を見ると、プレート上のブロックの北方移動は、な北方移動を被っていることが示された（表３）。
前期白亜紀の間に急速に起こっており、奈江地域・大夕張
北海道中央部では過去に蝦夷層群を対象とした古地磁気
地域・芦別地域の古地磁気データと調和的である一方、浦学的研究が行われている（Tamaki and Itoh, 2008; Tamaki et
河地域のデータとは矛盾する。これは、北海道中央部が異al., 2008）。図 13 に、周辺から報告されている空知層群・蝦なるブロックから構成されていることを示唆している。
夷層群の古地磁気方位と、本研究の古地磁気方位との南北
偏距・年代の比較を示す。比較に用いたデータは表３に示す。図 13 をみると、白亜紀の古地磁気データは、大夕張

北海道中央部芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群の古地磁気学的研究

123

図 12	傾動補正前（左）と傾動補正後（右）のサイト平均方位を等面積投影図上に表したもの。黒塗りは下半球への投影、
白塗りは上半球への投影を表す。円は地点平均方位、星印は全地点平均方位を示す。太い破線楕円は全地点平均方位（formation-mean direction）の 95 % 信頼限界、細い点線楕円は地点平均方位（site-mean directions）の 95 %信頼限界を示す。BC グループは、AS02, AS04h, AS05h, OK01 からなり、C グループは AS03m, AS04m, AS05m からなる。N, 地点数 ; α 95, 95 % 信頼限界円の半径 ; κ , 集中度パラメータ（Fisher, 1953）。
Fig. 12 Site-mean directions and a formation-mean direction in in situ (left) and untilted (right) coordinates on the equal-area
projection. Solid (open) symbols are on the lower (upper) hemisphere. Circles show site-mean directions and a starshows formation-mean direction. Thick (thin) broken (dotted) ovals are 95 % confidence limits of formation-mean(site-mean) directions. The BC Group consists of AS02, AS04h, AS05h and OK01. The A Group consists of AS03m,
AS04m and AS05m. N, number of sites; α95, 95 % confidence limit; κ, precision parameter (Fisher, 1953).
表3
北海道中央部における後期ジュラ紀から古第三紀の古地磁気データ
Table. 3	Upper Jurassic ~ Paleogene paleomagnetic data from central Hokkaido.

 and R, inclination flattening (=Iexpected−Iobserved) and clockwise rotation (=Dobserved−Dexpected) (Beck, 1980). ReferenceF
pole: NCB (North China Block), Gilder and Courtillot (1997) (Cretaceous, 78.6 °N, 202.6 °E, A95 ＝ 6.2 °); Eurasia,
Besse and Courtillot (1991) (30~50 Ma, 78 °N, 140 °E, A95 ＝ 7 °）124

北川雄貴・高嶋礼詩・伊藤康人

図 13	北海道中央部での、古地磁気学的研究から見積もられる南北偏距 F (=Iexpected − Iobserved; Beck, 1980) と年代をプロットしたもの。十字のシンボル（┼）と灰色の太線は、Kimura et al. (1994) のモデルから見積もられる南北偏距。黒塗り三角（▲）, 奈江地域（星・高嶋 , 1999）; 黒塗り円（●）, 芦別地域（本研究）; 黒塗り四角（■）, 大夕張地域（Tamaki and Itoh, 2008）; 白塗り四角（□）, 浦河地域（Tamaki et al., 2008）; 白塗り円（○）, 夕張～南長沼地域（Tamaki
et al., 2010）
Fig. 13 Plot of inclination flattening (F=Iexpected−Iobserved; Beck, 1980), estimated by paleomagnetic studies, versus age forthe central Hokkaido. Cross symbols and thick gray line is northward block transportation estimated from Sorachiplateau model (Kimura et al., 1994). Solid triangle, Nae area (Hoshi and Takashima, 1999); solid circle, Ashibetsu
area (this study); solid square, Oyubari area (Tamaki and Itoh, 2008); open square, Urakawa area (Tamaki et al.,2008); open circle, Yubari and Minaminaganuma area (Tamaki et al., 2010).

6．まとめ（１）北海道中央部の芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群の火山砕屑物からなる砂岩・頁岩・安山岩・石灰岩試料について古地磁気測定を実施した。段階熱消磁・段階交流消磁によって分離された安定残留磁化のうち、褶曲テス
トによって、４地点から初生的な磁化成分を決定することができた。
（２）NRM の段階消磁実験と IRM の着磁・消磁実験の結果、初生的残留磁化の担い手は、ヘマタイトと細粒なマグネタ
イトであることが示された。
（３）段階熱消磁中のバルク初磁化率値は、繰り返し加熱による強磁性鉱物の変化と新たに析出した強磁性鉱物のバ
ランスに影響されるのに対し、初磁化率の周波数依存性パ
ラメータは、新たに析出した超常磁性粒子サイズの強磁性鉱物の存在比を示す。これら２つの測定データは、異なる情報を提供してくれると考えられる。
（４）安定な残留磁化成分の傾動補正後の伏角は、東アジ

北海道中央部芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群の古地磁気学的研究
アの同時期の仮想地磁気極から計算される伏角に対し有意に浅く、北方移動量は 2100 ± 1500 km と見積もられる。
（５）周辺地域を対象とした古地磁気データとの比較の結果、北海道中央部は前期白亜紀に急激な北方移動を被っており、少なくとも２つの異なるブロックが存在することが示唆された。

7．謝辞

京都大学人間・環境学研究科自然環境動態論講座の石川尚人教授には、岩石磁気実験室の使用に関して各種の便宜を図っていただくとともに、古地磁気データの意義について貴重なコメントをいただきました。ここに記して、深謝いたします。

8．引用文献和文
星 博幸・高嶋礼詩 , 1999. 北海道中央部 , 富良野地域の空知層群火山岩に対する古地磁気解析 . 三笠市立博物館紀要 , 自然科学 3 号 , 23-30.
加藤 誠・勝井義雄・北川芳男・松井 愈 編 , 1990. 日本の地
質 1「北海道地方」. 共立出版 , 337p.
木村 学 , 1981. 千島弧南西端付近のテクトニクスと造構応力
場 . 地質学雑誌 , 87, 757-768.
君波和雄・紀藤典夫・田近 淳 , 1985. 北海道の中古生界・層序・年代とその意義 . 地球科学 , 39, 1-17.
君波和雄・小松正幸・新井田清信・紀藤典夫 , 1986. 北海道
中世界の構造区分と層序 . 地団研専報 , 31, 1-15.
新井田清信・紀藤典夫 , 1986. 北海道における白亜紀島弧―海溝系―その地質構成と造構史 . 地団研専報 , 31, 6379．
大槻憲四郎・永広昌之 , 1992. 東北日本の大規模左横ずれ断層系と日本の地体構造の成り立ち . 地質学雑誌 , 98,
1097-1112.
高嶋礼詩・吉田武義・西 弘嗣 , 2001. 北海道夕張 - 芦別地域に分布する空知層群・蝦夷層群の層序と堆積環境 . 地質
学雑誌 , 107, 359-378.
田沢純一 , 2004. 横ずれ説：日本列島の起源と形成についての考察 . 地質学雑誌 , 110, 503-517.
英文

Beck, M. E., 1980. Paleomagnetic record of plate-margin tectonic
processes along the western edge of North America. Journal ofGeophysical Research, 85, 7115-7131.
Besse, J. and Courtillot, V., 1991. Revised and synthetic apparent
polar wander paths of the African, Eurasian, North Americanand Indian Plates, and true polar wander since 200 Ma. Journalof Geophysical Research, 96, 4029-4050.
Binghum, C., 1974. An antipodally symmetric distribution on thesphere. Annals of Statistics, 2, 1201-1225.
Dunlop, D. J. and Özdemir, O., 1997. Rock Magnetism. In Edwards,

125

D., ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 573p.
Engbretson, D. C., Cox, A. and Gordon, R. G., 1985. Relative
motions between oceanic and continental plates in the Pacificbasin. The Geological Society of America Special Paper no.
206, 1-59.
Fisher, R., 1953. Dispersion on a space. Proceeding of the Royal
Society A, 217, 295-305.
Gilder, S. and Courtillot, V., 1997. Timing of the North-South China
collision from new middle to late Mesozoic paleomagnetic datafrom the North China block. Journal of Geophysical Research,
102, 17713-17727.
Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M.D., Ogg, G. M., 2012. The
Geologic Time Scale 2012. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1176p
Heller, F., Xiuming, L., Tungsheng, L. and Tongchun, X., 1991.
Magnetic susceptibility of loess in China. Earth and Planetary
Science Letters, 103, 301-310.
Jelinek, V., 1981. Characterization of the magnetic fabrics of rocks.
Tectonophysics, 79, 63-67.
Kimura, G., Sakakibara, M. and Okamura, M., 1994. Plumes incentral Panthalassa? Deductions from accreted oceanic
fragments in Japan. Tectonics, 13, 905-916.
Kirschvink, J. L., 1980. The least-squares line and plane and theanalysis of paleomagnetic data. Geophysical Journal of theRoyal Astronomical Society, 62, 699-719.
Kruiver, P. P., Dekkers, M. J. and Heslop, D., 2001. Quantification ofmagnetic coercivity components by the analysis of acquisition
curves of isothermal remanent magnetization. Earth andPlanetary Science Letters, 189, 269-276.
Lowrie, W., 1990. Identification of ferromagnetic minerals in arock by coercivity and unblocking temperature properties.
Geophysical Research Letters, 17, 159-162.
McElhinny, M. W., 1964. Statistical significance of the fold testin palaeomagnetism. Geophysical Journal of the Royal
Astronomical Society, 8, 338-340.
McFadden, P. L. and Jones, D. L., 1981. The fold test inpalaeomagnetism. Geophysical Journal of the Royal
Astronomical Society, 67, 53-58.
Otsuki, K, 1992. Oblique subduction, collision of microcontinents
and subduction of oceanic ridge: Their implications on the
Cretaceous tectonics of Japan. Island Arc, 1, 51-63.
Takashima, R., Nishi, H. and Yoshida, T., 2006. Late Jurassic−Early
Cretaceous intra-arc sedimentation and volcanism linked toplate motion change in northern Japan. Geological Magazine,
143, 753-770.
Ta m a k i , M . a n d I t o h , Y. , 2 0 0 8 . Te c t o n i c i m p l i c a t i o n s o fpaleomagnetic data from upper Cretaceous sediments in the
Oyubari area, central Hokkaido, Japan. Island Arc, 17, 270284.
Tamaki, M., Oshimbe, S. and Itoh, Y., 2008. A large latitudinal
displacement of a part of Cretaceous forarc basin in Hokkaido,
Japan: paleomagnetism of the Yezo Supergroup in the
Urakawa area. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 5,207-217.
Tamaki, M., Kusumoto, S. and Itoh, Y., 2010. Formation anddeformation processes of late Paleogene sedimentary basins
in southern central Hokkaido, Japan: Paleomagnetic andnumerical modeling approach. Island Arc, 19, 243-258.
Tarling, D. H. and Hrouda, F., 1993. The Magnetic Anisotropy ofRocks. Splinger, Netherlands, 218p.

Bull. Tohoku Univ. Museum, No. 15, pp. 127–193, 2016
© by The Tohoku University Museum

6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ 
Kaoru Akoshima, Hyewon Hong
Department of Archaeology, Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University

INTRODUCTION
The present paper is the second part of the results of
microflaking analysis by Tohoku University Microwear
Research Team (TUMRT). It is the continuous and expanded
explanation of standard identification criteria of a categoryof use-wear traces, that is, microflaking. The part 1 waspublished in the Bulletin of the Tohoku University Museum,No. 13 (Akoshima and Hong 2014). The present article is tobe utilized with part 1 which is available through the Tohoku
University Library website (TOURS). Part 1 mainly explains
RYHUDOOH[SHULPHQWDOIUDPHZRUNRIPLFURÀDNLQJDQDO\VLVE\TUMRT, typical patterns of microflaking scar appearance,and variables in experimental control.
Part 2 here expands the range of microphotographs
in order to accommodate various different appearancesof microflaking scar patterns which are observable on
actual experimental artifacts. The reader may recognize
representative chipping phenomena (flaking phenomena)and the varieties of chipping scars which are observable on
the same working edges used in the same task (the motion
and the worked materials). Part 2 also explains the method
RIDQDO\]LQJWKHDFWXDOZLGHUDQJHRIPLFURÀDNLQJYDULHWLHVby counting frequencies and classifying attributes of chipping
scars. Methodological explanation is presented with tables
DQGJUDSKVIRUWKHEDVLVRIVWDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLVRIÀDNLQJVFDU
variability, as was already summary published in Japanese(Akoshima 1981) and English (Akoshima 1987).
The theoretical basis of the present article is experimentalarchaeology as one realm of “Middle Range Research” by
Binford (1981, pp.21-30, 1983, pp.19-30, ed. 1977, pp.110). Binford argues that all archaeological records exist in
the present world and also in the shape of static facts. It isnecessary to transform archaeological facts into statements
about the past. The criteria of adequate interpretation derivefrom “actualistic” studies where movements of cultural
systems and resultant static facts from them both can beobserved in real cases. Such a situation might be studied
in three fields of research, that is, ethno-archaeology,
experimental archaeology, and historical archaeology. Ourlithic use-wear study duly purports to this epistemologicalpremise in that “actualistic” situations in the controlled
experiments provide concrete basis for interpretations ofstatic microwear traces which are existent on the surface ofstone artifacts excavated in the present world.
We reiterate here that the study of prehistoric lithic
artifacts entails three fundamental realms of research,
namely, typological, technological, and functional analysis.
All these areas of course need to establish robust methodsof meaning assignment in the sense of Binford, to any
patterns in archaeologically observed records. In the case of
the use-wear analysis, experimental replication plays criticalroles for bridging arguments between wear patterns andhuman activities, in other words, between the statics and the
dynamics. It is essentially important to construct extensive
databases of experimental use-wear formation for the
purpose of reliable interpretation of archaeological patterns.
A prevalent problem lies in the gap or discrepancy
between experimentally produced use-wear patterns
and actually excavated archaeological patterns. Binford
recognizes that this sort of ambiguity would be the causeof learning for scientists (Binford 1987). Use-wear patterns
on experimental artifacts do not always coincide witharchaeological wear patterns. Empirical archaeologists infavor of inductive reasoning often criticize experimental
use-wear study because of this discrepancy and ambiguity,for example, in the history of Japanese archaeology in1970s (c.f., Akoshima 2008). However, we are aware that
fundamental linkage between stone tool using activities andresultant wear patterns had to be constructed as prerequisite
to reliable behavioral reconstruction.

EXPERIMENTAL DATABASE
The present paper continues to introduce essential criteriaof micro-wear interpretation accumulated by TUMRT since1976. The team was initiated by the late Prof. Chosuke
Serizawa and has been active up to the present (for its
history, e.g. Akoshima 2008). This is to be the secondof a series of presentations resulting from the TUMRT
inferential criteria. We apologize for not having presented
our inferential standards due to various circumstances in128

Kaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

our Tohoku University Archaeological Laboratory since
1983, even if we were repeatedly requested to publish
openly our criteria for functional interpretation especiallyby use-wear analysts nationwide. The data presented here
focus on characteristics of replicated microflaking scarpatterns. Although our inferential method of microflaking
was published in summarized way (e.g., Akoshima 1981,
1987, 1989), and a number of actual analysis of excavatedartifacts have been conducted widely in Japan, basic
database for interpretation has yet to be fully presented. We
hope the microphotographs presented in this volume willassume a role of standard use-wear chart for references.
7KHGDWDEDVHSUHVHQWHGKHUHLVDSDUWRIWKH¿UVWVHULHV
of TUMRT project directed by Serizawa. Microflaking data
were analyzed by Akoshima (Akoshima 1981, 1989) andthe data have been utilized by TUMRT members since then.
Microphotographs were printed and served on file at the
Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts and Letters.
The procedure of photographic data presentation in thepresent publication is the same as our previous “Part 1”
report (Akoshima and Hong 2014), so only short descriptions
are repeated here for readers’ reference. The paper photomicrographs in the TUMRT file were scanned at 600 dpi
and colour digitized for adjusting gray tones. For the Part 1
report, representative images were chosen for presentationof “typical microflaking patterns”, but here wider varietiesof microflaking patterns are shown for better recognitionof overall wear patterns. By referring the present data andprevious data, the range of flaking patterns are roughly
knowable.
On the other hand, the microflaking scars werenumerically described in statistical graphs in Akoshima(1987, after 1981). Thus, the pictures compiled here are thephotographic version of inferential criteria. The data are thesame, but their expression is different. (They are shown as
Figure 1 to Figure 28 in the previous volume, and as Figure
36 to Figure 88 for the present volume. In addition, from
Figure 29 to Figure 35, explanatory remarks and calculating
methods are provided for more concrete understanding of
PLFURÀDNLQJSKHQRPHQD 0LFURSKRWRJUDSKVDUHDUUDQJHGLQthe order from working soft materials (meat, rawhide, leather,soft plant) to medium (wood, bamboo), to hard materials(bone, antler). Within the category of similar hardness, they
are sub-divided and arranged by the method of use, fromparallel motions (cutting, sawing) to perpendicular motions(scraping, whittling).
The raw materials in the experimental project were theshale collected from the riverbed of the Mogami River in
Sagae City, Yamagata Prefecture. It is notable that the shalein the Japanese terminology of lithic analysis denotes a
W\SHRI¿QHJUDLQHGVHGLPHQWDU\URFNZLWKEUHDNLQJIHDWXUH
of conchoidal fracture. The rock type was in wide use

throughout prehistory in northeastern part of the Honshu
Island of Japan. Out of about 160 experimental artifacts, 80
specimens were photo-presented in this volume, including
the same specimens in the previous volume. They areÀDNHWRROVXWLOL]HGZLWKRXWDQ\VHFRQGDU\UHWRXFKDORQJWKH
edge. Thus, the micro-sized scars seen on these photos areproduced exclusively by utilization. They are presented withthe scale bar for 2 mm, because the size of microflaking
scars has concrete relationships with the hardness of theworked materials and the direction of use motion (Akoshima1981).
The order of presenting these photographic data is asfollows. Basically, they are arranged so that the general
patterns of groups of microflaking scars are recognizedaccording to the numerical presentation as in Akoshima(1987). The Figures are captioned with the category ofworked materials and working edge motions. From Figure
36 on, they are shown in the following order (the same orderas Akoshima and Hong 2014). It is presented here again for
quick reference of the reader :1. Meat, 1.1 cattle (beef), 1.2 pig (pork), 1.3 lamb (mutton),
1.4 duck, 1.5 chicken
2. Plant, 2.1 grass, 2.2 wheat crop, 2.3 rice crop, 2.4 reed, 2.5
pampas grass
3. Hide, 3.1 rawhide, 3.2 half dried hide, 3.3 dry hide
4. Wood, 4.1 paulownia, 4.2 cedar, 4.3 pine, 4.4 alder, 4.5
zelkova, 4.6 others
5. Bamboo
6. Gourd
7. Shell
8. Bone, 8.1 raw, fresh, 8.2 wet and boiled, 8.3 boiled
9. Antler, 9.1 soaked, 9.2 dry, 9.3 others
For the third digit of each photo caption number, the type of
motion in use is indicated as follows.
Longitudinal, -1 cutting, -2 sawing
Transversal, -3 whittling, -4 scraping
Varied, -5 chopping, -6 butchering
Incising, -7 graving
Microphotographs were taken using a macro-photo
equipment of Olympus OM-2 camera system. The
magnification shown in the caption is at the time ofphotography.
In the photo caption, “d” means the dorsal surface, while³Y´PHDQVWKHYHQWUDOVXUIDFH WKHPDLQÀDNHVXUIDFH RIWKHZRUNLQJHGJHRIWKHH[SHULPHQWDOÀDNH

NUMERICAL AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPRESSIONSFor the analysis of microflaking scars, a variety of
attributes were recorded and classified. A total of 3840
ÀDNLQJVFDUVZHUHFRXQWHGRQHE\RQHDQGUHFRUGHGIRU
specimens. They were statistically investigated and summary

6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ 
published in Akoshima (1981). Major attributes of analyticalinterests include the shape of microflaking scar, the sizeof microflaking scar, the initiation of microflaking scar
breakage, the termination of microflaking scar breakage,
WKHGHQVLW\RIPLFURÀDNLQJVFDUSHUFHQWLPHWHUWKHGHJUHH
of concentration of scars to one face of the tool, ventral or
dorsal. The summary of conducted experiments is shownin Table 1 to Table 3 in the previous report (Akoshima andHong 2014). Also, other than the information in the table foreach controlled experiment, thirty conditions were recorded
RQH[SHULPHQWUHFRUGLQJVKHHWVZKLFKDUHDYDLODEOHRQ¿OH
at Tohoku University. Experimental recording system waspresented in the previous report and not repeated here.
Actual appearances of microflaking are rich in variety
even along one working edge, but there are portions which
are evaluated as representing typical patterns. For eachexperiment, two micro-photos are selected, one on dorsal
aspect and one on ventral aspect. They are presented
as Figure 1 to Figure 28 in our first report, as basic
representation of scar patterns. Explanation of identifying
scar patterns is given in Figure 29. Scar patterns are more
adequately recognized when they are analyzed collectively
as a group of numerous scars. A method of recognizing
numerical attributes as statistical graphs is presented. Six
cases are explicated from Figure 30 to Figure 35, namely
for soft, medium, hard worked materials in longitudinal andtransverse motions. In order to recognize actual variations
in chipping scar patterns, other micro-photos of the same
experiment are abundantly shown from Figure 36 to Figure
88.

IDENTIFICATION OF MICROFLAKING SCARSMicroflaking is, needless to say, a microscopic versionof flaking that occurs to conchoidally fracturing rocks.
The mechanical principles involved in the fracturing
process of microflaking is expected to be essentiallythe same as that in manufacturing process of lithic
artifacts. Classification in general, in a sense, ignores
diversity existing among classified objects or phenomena.
Classification of microflaking in order to get quantitative
GDWDLVRIFRXUVHQRH[FHSWLRQ(DFKPLFURÀDNLQJVFDUKDV
individual characteristics that would be disregarded when
it is classified into a type, or categorized coding. In order
to alleviate this missing feature, microphotographs weretaken and presented, rather than simply categorizing scars
into types. The diversity of microflaking scars is evaluatedfrom them. It should be borne in mind, however, that thesemicrophotographs do not necessarily represent all types of
microflaking that occurred on the edge of flakes that wereused in the particular work.
Microphotographs only partially exhibit the area ranging

129

RYHUDIHZPLOOLPHWHUVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHPDJQL¿FDWLRQZKLOH
a working edge usually spans as long as several centimeters
or more. However in spite of the areal limitations, distinctive
patterns are recognized in many cases. In Figure 29,
three microphotographs are shown for soft, medium, andhard worked materials as was mentioned above. Over thephotographed area, examples of description of the scars arepresented as characterizing scar patterns. In the photos, thin
ZKLWHOLQHVLQGLFDWHHDFKLGHQWL¿HGÀDNLQJVFDUV7KH\DUHRI
course overlapped with one another and formerly produced
scars are crosscut by later formed scars. The formerly
produced scars changed their shapes accordingly.

ATTRIBUTES AND GRAPHIC PATTERN
RECOGNITION
Every experimental specimen was observed for all the
resultant microflaking scars. They were recorded one by
one for attributes such as shape and size. They were thencounted as cross tabulation (Figure 30 to 35 for the left
side tables). Numbers cross tables were converted to bar
graph diagrams for scar pattern recognition (Figure 30 to 35
for the right side bar graphs). Here 6 cases are explained
as examples of collective scar patterns due to limitation of
space. In this analysis, actually 72 numerical tables andgraph diagrams were made, and they indicate that concrete
patterns virtually exist among microflaking. The patterns
are partially presented as statistical tendencies as were
described in Akoshima (1981), in such expression as “degreeof concentration of scars to ventral aspect”.
The analyzed attributes are as follows. They are, so to
speak, characterization as collective group of scars bymaking combined bar graphs from cross tabulations of
attributes type categorization.
7KH6KDSHRI0LFURÀDNLQJThe “shape” is the horizontal shape of the microflaking
scar. Although there are many intermediate shapes, they are
FODVVL¿HGLQWRWKHIROORZLQJ³VKDSHV´7KHLUYDULDWLRQVZHUH
illustrated in Akoshima (1981, p.10).
“Scalar” (“S”). Semi-circular shape and its variations.
“Rectangular” (“R”). Either side of the scar runs parallel toeach other.
“Trapezoidal” (“T”). The sides of the scar broaden toward theinside.
“Triangular” (“Tr”). When the axis of rectangular or
trapezoidal scar becomes oblique to the edge, one side of
WKHVFDURIWHQSURWUXGHVIURPWKHHGJHOLQHRIWKHÀDNHDQG
as a result, triangular scar occurs.
“Irregular” (“I”). Several types of complicated or overlapped
scars are often found. It can be termed “others”.
“Sliced” (“Sl”). It looks “crescent” in horizontal shape. Thin

130

Kaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

edge is often snapped off and as a result, sliced scar occurs.
When any overhang is observed, it is counted as “steppedsliced scar”.
7KH6L]HRI0LFURÀDNLQJ
It is problematic to define the size of flaking scars. Its
UDWLRRIOHQJWKDQGZLGWKDUHGLYHUVHDQGWKHDUHDLVGLI¿FXOW
to measure. However, considering the characteristics thatmost scars occur along the edge between ventral and dorsal
aspects, the size is here measured as the distance between
WZRHQGVRIWKHVFDURQWKHHGJHOLQH7KHVL]HZDVGH¿QHG
as follows. It was measured with a lattice scale (which was
SULQWHGRQJODVVSODWH XQGHUWKHPDJQL¿FDWLRQRI;
“Micro” (“mi”). A scar which is smaller than 0.5 mm in width.
“Small” (“s”). A scar which is between 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm inwidth.
“Middle” (“m”). A scar which is between 1.0 and 2.0 mm inwidth.
“Large” (“l”). A scar which is larger than 2.0 mm in width.
7KH7HUPLQDWLRQRI0LFURÀDNLQJ
0LFURÀDNLQJVFDUVDVWKHUHVXOWRIEUHDNDJHRIWKHHGJH
entail attributes as “conchoidal fracture”. In case of stone
knapping, usually “feather end”, “step fracture” or “stepflaking” (and “hinge fracture”) is conventionally used as
criteria of termination. But also the negative “curvature”
of flaked scar surface is an important feature to evaluate
the depression of the surface. So here the termination is
FODVVL¿HGLQWRWKUHHFDWHJRULHVDVIROORZV“Deep” (“D”).
“Shallow” (“Sh”).
“Step” (“St”).
“Deep” and “Shallow” scars terminate with feather ending.
Hinge fracture was included in “Step”. Absolute quantitative
definition was not made between D and Sh, though thecurvature of scars can be observed three dimensionally witha stereoscopic microscope.
The “Initiation” of scars as well as termination has been
employed widely as a standard of scar classification.
Initiation can be divided into two major categories, that is,“Cone” and “Bending”. Systematic analysis of initiation was
not carried out in the present article, though it was observedthat both initiations actually occurred and scars can bedivided by the standard.
Edge angle was measured at several points of the edge
for each experimental specimen. Edge width is the length of
HGJHWKDWZDVDQDO\]HGIRUPLFURÀDNLQJSKHQRPHQD,WGRHVnot mean the length of edge that was actually in contact withthe worked material.
Converted graph diagram
7KHDERYHPHQWLRQHGDWWULEXWHVDQGFODVVL¿FDWLRQUHVXOWV

were converted to the bar graph diagram for each specimen.
Some cases are exemplified here as Figure 30 to Figure
35 on the right side of the chart. The cross tabulation
frequencies and the bar charts are self-evident, but it isemphasized that the bar graphs on symmetric framework
denote particular characteristics of microflaking scarpatterns. The diagnostic bar graph patterns correspond tonumerical summary of scar attributes which were explainedin Akoshima (1981 and 1987). The same relationships
are recognized between microflaking attributes andworking conditions (hardness of the worked materials
and the direction of working motion). For example, suchcharacteristics are expressed in the bar graph diagramsas the diversity or homogeneity of scar shapes, the ratioof step flaking, the size variation of scars, and the degreeof concentration of scars to one aspect of the edge (orrelatively symmetric distribution between both faces), scarpattern differences between ventral and dorsal faces. In
the former publications, the method of finding diagnostic
statistical summary was not fully presented, and we would
apologize for the inconveniences there of, up to the present.

CHARACTERISTIC APPEARANCES OF SCARS
Combination and disposition of microflaking scars
sometimes exhibit certain characteristic appearances asa group along the working edge. Here some examples ofsuch particular characteristic patterns are described for
H[SODQDWLRQ7KH ¿JXUH QXPEHUV GHQRWH ERWK RXUSUHYLRXV
article (Akoshima and Hong 2014) and this volume.
Soft Worked Materials.
1) SH55 [Figure 1(6), Figure 2(1), Figure 37(2)(3)]
Meat cutting, 1600 strokes. Scalar micro deep (SmiD for
short) is predominant type of scar. Scars are intermittent
or scattered.
2) SH108 [Figure 3(5)(6), Figure 39(5)(6), Figure 40(1)(2)]Wild ducks butchering. Scars of various shapes and sizes
are found on both aspects. Their dispositions are irregular.
3) SH20 [Figure 4(3)(4), Figure 41(3)(4)(5)]
Grass cutting – chopping, 1700 strokes. Scars of various
shapes and sizes are found on both aspects, and theirdispositions are irregular. A good example of Triangular(Tr) scar (middle) is shown in Figure 4(3). An example of
Scalar large shallow scar is shown in Figure 41(4). This is
the same pattern as SH108.
4) SH42 [Figure 6(5)(6), Figure 45(4)(5)]
Reed cutting – chopping, 2650 strokes. A number ofintermittent micro size scars are shown. The edge is alittle rounded.
5) SH121 [Figure 7(6), Figure 8(1), Figure 50(1)(2)]
Rawhide scraping, 2000 strokes. All scars are Micro sized,

6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ 
and concentrate on dorsal aspect intermittently. There arealso some Trapezoidal (T) scars.
6) SH122 [Figure 8(2)(3), Figure 50(3)]Rawhide scraping, 2000 strokes. The predominant typeis Scalar micro deep (SmiD), continuous or intermittent,
FRQFHQWUDWLQJRQRQHDVSHFW7KLVSDWWHUQRIPLFURÀDNLQJ
is also seen above mentioned SH121.
7) SH124 [Figure 8(6), Figure 9(1), Figure 48(6), Figure49(1)(2)]Rawhide scraping, 800 strokes. A handful of soil was
sprinkled on the hide. Continuous scalar scars were foundon both aspects. There are more frequency on ventral
than dorsal. Most common type is Scalar micro deep
(SmiD), but there are also Scalar small deep (SsD) typescars. The edge is heavily abraded. The abrasion blurs
WKHVKDSHRIPLFURÀDNLQJ
8) SH126 [Figure 9(4)(5), Figure 51(6), Figure 52(1)]Rawhide scraping with sand, 2000 strokes. This is thesame patterns as SH124. Heavy abrasion even produced
the rounded edge. Continuous or intermittent scars consist
mainly of Scalar micro deep (SmiD).
Medium Worked Materials9) SH114 [Figure 12(5), Figure 58(1)(2)(3)(4)]
Wood whittling, 1000 strokes. Continuous Scalar micro
deep scars (SmiD) are shown in Figure 12(5), Rectangular
middle step (RmSt) is shown in Figure 58(4).
10) SH111 [Figure 12(6), Figure 13(1)(2), Figure 58(5)(6),Figure 59(1)(2)(3)(4)]
Wood scraping, 1000 strokes. It is characterized by
Rectangular or Trapezoidal step scars of micro, small andmiddle size (mi, s, m), concentrating on one aspect (inthis case, on dorsal). This pattern often occurs in case of
scraping of medium or hard materials. Step scars often
overlap vertically [Figure 59(3), 58(5)]. In Figure 59(2),Rectangular (R) scars are similarly oblique to the edge intheir axes.
11) SH96 [Figure 14(1)(2), Figure 60(1)(2)(3)(4)]
Wood whittling, 1000 strokes. The texture of the shale is
YHU\¿QHJUDLQHG9DULRXVW\SHVRIVFDUV PDLQO\6FDODU 
are irregularly disposed.
12) SH150 [Figure 14(3)(4)(5), Figure 60(5)]Wood scraping, 500 strokes. There are scar
concentrations on dorsal aspect, continuous Scalar or
Rectangular scars, step but shallow.
13) SH149 [Figure 16(6), Figure 17(1), Figure 64(4)(5)]
Wood scraping, 500 strokes. Continuous scars including
many large ones concentrate on dorsal aspect. They
are Rectangular step or Scalar deep type, but whentermination is step, the curvature of scar surface is
UDWKHUÀDW>)LJXUH  @0DQ\VPDOORUPLGGOHYHUWLFDOO\overlapping step scars on the edge crosscut these scars.

131

Scars are rare on ventral aspect. The pattern is similar tothe case of SH150.
14) SH80 [Figure 21(3)(4), Figure 75(5)(6), Figure 76(1)(2)]
Bamboo sawing, 4000 strokes. Continuous Scalar
or Rectangular small shallow scars are horizontallyoverlapping. Various shapes and sizes of scars are also
found, Scalar large deep (SlD) [Figure 75(5)], Continuous
Rectangular [Figure 76(2)], Trapezoidal middle step (TmSt)[Figure 21(4)], and so on.
15) SH77 [Figure 22(6), Figure 23(1)(2), Figure 78(2)(3)(4)(5)]
Gourd sawing, 5000 strokes. A number of continuous tinyscars consisting mainly of Scalar micro deep (SmiD) typeare shown. Several small size scars on ventral aspect arealso shown (intermittent).
Hard Worked Materials16) SH86 [Figure 23(4)(5), Figure 78(6), Figure 79(1)(2)(3)(4), Figure 81(2)]Bone sawing, 3000 strokes. Scars occur on both aspects
similarly. They are of various types, Scalar deep,
Triangular [Figure 79(3)], overlapping step [Figure 78(6)].
Their dispositions are irregular. Slight abrasion is found on
the edge.
17) SH93 [Figure 24(4)(5), Figure 82(4)(5)(6), Figure 83(1)]Bone scraping, 1500 strokes. Almost all scars are on
dorsal aspect. Large step or shallow scars are crosscut
by a number of vertically overlapping step scars. These
overlapping scars give a “crushed” appearance.
18) SH92 [Figure 25(1)(2), Figure 81(3)(4)]Bone sawing, 5000 strokes. Various types of scars arefound on both aspects. Continuous Scalar small deep(SsD) scars are shown in Figure 81(3). This specimen
exhibits a similar pattern to SH86.
19) SH48 [Figure 26(2)(3), Figure 84(6), Figure 85(1)(2)(3)]
Antler sawing, 15000 strokes. There are mainlyintermittent Scalar scars. They are irregularly disposed.
Slight abrasion is found on the edge.
20) SH68 [Figure 26(4)(5)(6), Figure 86(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)]
Antler sawing, 4300 strokes. Sawing dry antler gives
a very angular appearance. Various types of scars are
LUUHJXODUO\RYHUODSSLQJ³$OWHUQDWHÀDNLQJ´OLNHPLFURÀDNLQJ
scars are found [Figure 26(4), 86(3)], consisting of Scalarscars.
21) SH70 [Figure 27(3)(4), Figure 87(1)(2)(3)]
Antler whittling, 2000 strokes. The angular appearance isalso caused by dry antler. Scars are of various types, withno predominant type.
22) SH153 [Figure 27(5)(6), Figure 87(4)(5)]
Dry antler scraping, 100 strokes. Large or middle step
but flat (in curvature) scars are crosscut by irregularly,
vertically overlapping step scars, on dorsal aspect. Few
scars are found on ventral aspect.

Kaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

132

CONCLUSIONS
The databases presented here as a main addition to
our previous database in 2014 will serve for a means offundamental pattern recognition of the category of usewear which can be observable with a standard equipmentof low magnification microscope. So far, it seems there
has been a common understanding in Japan that the “highpower approach” is always superior to the “low power
approach” in their interpretative power. However, we takea methodological position that each category of use-wear,
namely micro-polish (or microwear polish), striation, microedge damage (here referred as microflaking), and evenmacro-wear such as “impact fracture” of projectile weapons(often observable with a hand magnifier), has its own
potential strength and weakness.
For instance, micro-polish is difficult to identify when
KHDY\SDWLQDWLRQRU³SRVWGHSRVLWLRQDOVXUIDFHPRGL¿FDWLRQ´phenomena, affected the working edge of the tool. Anotherrestriction of micro-polish is the quality of raw materials.
Very coarse-grained lithic materials, or extra-hard materials
such as quarts and quartzite in the Paleolithic period of
the Korean peninsula, prevent from reliable identificationof micro-polishes. The other way around is very soft
PDWHULDOVVXFKDVUK\ROLWH¿QHJUDLQHGPXGVWRQHRUDFLGLF
volcanic rocks. Surface alteration and abrasion of the edge
often makes polish identification a difficult endeavor. Our
conclusion has been that all types of use-wear should be
paid enough attention as long as they are observable along
the working edge. This article of database presentation is aneffort for this problem oriented methodological thinking.
This collection of microphotography and presentation of
calculating method of varied scar patterns, we believe, willplay some essential roles in the future development of usewear analysis in general. Extra-hard lithic raw materials,
or very soft lithic raw materials, both require considerable
amount of additional experimental research, because ourstandard charts presented here only entail raw materials
typically utilized in the Tohoku District of Japan during
prehistoric times, namely, siliceous hard shale. Also,
meticulous experimental researches are further necessary
concerning the relationship between use-wear microchipping
scars and technological secondary retouch micro scars,such as those produced along the backed edges ofknife blades. The two sorts of microchipping scars wereconventionally treated as indistinguishable from each other.
,VWKHGLVWLQFWLRQVRGLI¿FXOWWKDWWKHUHZRXOGEHQRPHDQVWR
identify these? We are still in need of serious experimental
endeavors toward this direction.
It is again emphasized here that the actual looksof microchipping phenomena are very variable. The
appearances of microflaking scars exhibit wide ranges ofvariation, even in the case where the tool was utilized in thesame task. It was a reason why Akoshima (1989) adopted astatistical approach to reduce such weak points in use-wear
LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ8WLOLW\RIWKHFDWHJRU\RIPLFURVFDOHFKLSSLQJ
as the “diagnostic feature” of use of lithic artifacts needs
to be properly evaluated. In research history, microflaking
has been considered as a major criterion for functional
interpretation since the inception of experimental research(e.g., Tringham, et al. 1974) in American archaeology(e.g., Odell 1996), and has been recently applied to Asian
countries (e.g., Gao and Chen eds. 2008). We wish in Japan
too, this category of use-wear will be given appropriate
importance in functional analysis of lithic artifacts, and thestudy will be integrated with other categories of wear suchas microwear polishes and striations, for the purpose of
elucidating the processes of prehistoric human adaptations
to the given environments.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Prof. Hiroshi Kajiwara of Tohoku Fukushi University
actually conducted many of the replicative experiments
together with the first author while he was at Tohoku
University. We are grateful to Prof. emeritus Toshio Yanagidaof the Tohoku University Museum for recommending
publication in its Bulletin series. The database publication
RIWKLVSDJHVL]HVRPHWLPHVIDFHVGLI¿FXOWLHVWR¿QGSODFHV
to be accommodated. We hope that in the future Bulletin
series, essential parts of TUMRT research standards may¿QGWKHLUSODFHVDVRXUIXQFWLRQDOGDWDEDVHVRIDUVHUYHGIRU
basic reference purposes nationwide. Lastly, this article is a
UHVXOWRI.$.(1+, *UDQWLQDLGIRU6FLHQWL¿F5HVHDUFK E\the Japanese government, which was granted to Akoshima(2015, number 25370885).

ERRATAIn the previous article (2014), there was miss-printing of¿JXUHFDSWLRQDVIROORZV
(wrong) Figure 22 (6) 5.0-2. bamboo saw 2000st (SH79d) 8x.
(correction) Figure 22(6) 6.0-2 gourd saw 5000st (SH77d) 8x
We sincerely apologize for the error.

REFERENCES
Akoshima, K. 1981, An Experimental Study of Microflaking.
Kokogaku Zasshi, (Journal of the Archaeological Society of
Nippon), vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 1-27. (in Japanese)$NRVKLPD .  0LFURÀDNLQJ4XDQWL¿FDWLRQThe Human Usesof Flint and Chert, edited by Sieveking, G. de G., and M. H.
Newcomer, pp. 71-79. Cambridge University Press.
Akoshima, K. 1989, Use-wear of Stone Tools. Archaeological Library
56, New Science Co. (in Japanese)

6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ 
Akoshima, K. 2008, Emergence of High-power Microwear Analysis
in Japan, 1976 to 1983: Prof. Serizawa’s Legacy and beyond.
Papers in Archaeology, Ethnology, and History, in Memory ofProf. Chosuke Serizawa. Rokuichi Shobo.
Akoshima, K., and H. Hong 2014, Standard Use-wear Chart of
78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ  Bulletin of the Tohoku University
Museum, No.13, pp.43-76.
*DR ;LQJ DQG &KHQ 6KHQ HGV  Archaeological Study ofLithic Use-wear Experiments. Science Press, Beijing. (inChinese with English summary)Binford, L. R. 1981, Bones: Ancient Men and Modern Myths.
Academic Press.
Binford, L. R. 1983, In Pursuit of the Past. Thames and Hudson.
Binford, L. R. 1987, Researching Ambiguity: Frames of Reference
and Site Structure. In Kent, S. ed. Method and Theory for

133

Activity Area Research, pp.449-512. Columbia University
Press.
Binford, L. R.,ed. 1977, For Theory Building in Archaeology.
Academic Press.
Kajiwara, H., and K. Akoshima 1981, An Experimental Study ofMicrowear Polish on Shale Artifacts. Kokogaku Zasshi, vol. 67,
no. 1, pp. 1-36. (in Japanese)
Odell, G.H. 1996, Stone Tools and Mobility in the Illinois Valley: from
Hunter-Gatherer Camps to Agricultural Villages. International
Monographs in Prehistory, Archaeological Series, 10. Ann
Arbor, Michigan.
Tringham, R., G. Cooper, G. Odell, B. Voytek, and A. Whitman
1974, Experimentation in the Formation of Edge Damage: A
New Approach to Lithic Analysis. Journal of Field Archaeology,
vol. 1, pp. 171-196.

Kaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

134


PP

(1) Example of soft worked materials

PP

The working edge was used to chop dry hide surface.
Strong impact onto the edge produced irregularly
arranged scars of various shape, size, and termination
on both facets of the edge. On the photo from right,
rectangular, scalar, smaller scalar overlapping on
rectangular, then smaller rectangular, and trapezoidal
scars, are arranged side by side. Some rectangularand trapezoidal scars have step flaking termination. On
the other side of the same edge [Figure 12(1)], verylarge deep scalar scar is observed indicating theimpact of chopping motion.

6+GGU\KLGHFKRSVWIURP)LJ  PP(2) Example of medium worked materials

PP

The working edge was used to scrape fresh cedar
branch, with this dorsal surface being the rear side of
movements. Relatively flat microflaking scars arearranged regularly along the edge. Most of them are ofrectangular shape but also there are some trapezoidal
shape scars. Terminations of these rectangular andtrapezoidal scars are step flaking in most cases.
However, the scars are flat and shallow, and thenegative bulbs of percussion of scars are not deep.

6+GZRRGVFUDSHVWIURP)LJ PP

6+GGU\DQWOHUVFUDSHVWIURP)LJ )LJXUH,GHQWLILFDWLRQRIPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV

(3) Example of hard worked materials

PP

The working edge was used to scrape dry antler
surface. The extreme hardness of the worked material
is reflected on the pattern of microflaking. That is, very
irregular arrangement of various shape and size ofmany scars which are overlapping one another. In
addition, the edge line is affected with verticallyoverlapping step termination scars. Some scars arelarge and deep, some are small and flat. The shapes ofscars are also varied, and many are of irregular typewith both step and feather terminations. The other sideof the same edge [Figure 27(6)] shows only sporadic
small microflaking scars. In such cases, theconcentration of microflaking scars onto only one faceof the working edge is prominent.

6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ 

135



PP



PP



PP



PP



PP



PP

)LJXUH&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV 
6+JUDVVFXWWLQJFKRSSLQJVWURNHV YDULRXVNLQGVRIZHHGV HGJHDQJOHrrrHGJHZLGWK ੈ

Kaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

136



PP





PP



PP



PP



PP

)LJXUH&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV 
6+UDZKLGHVFUDSLQJVWURNHV SLJVRLO HGJHDQJOHrrHGJHZLGWK ੈ

6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ 


PP





PP

137


PP



PP



PP

)LJXUH&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV 
6+ZRRGVDZLQJVWURNHV SDXORZQLD HGJHDQJOHrrrHGJHZLGWK ੈ

Kaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

138


PP





PP



PP



PP



PP

)LJXUH&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV 
6+ZRRGVFUDSLQJVWURNHV SDXORZQLD HGJHDQJOHrHGJHZLGWK ੈ

6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ 


PP





PP

139


PP



PP



PP

)LJXUH&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV KDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV 
6+DQWOHUVDZLQJVWURNHV GU\ HGJHDQJOHrrrHGJHZLGWK ੈ

Kaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

140


PP





PP



PP



PP



PP

)LJXUH&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV KDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV 
6+ERQHVFUDSLQJVWURNHV SLJERLOHG HGJHDQJOHrHGJHZLGWK ੈ

6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP PHDWFXWVW 6+G [









PP

 PHDWFXWVW 6+G [

PP PHDWFXWVW 6+Y [PP PHDWFXWVW 6+Y [PP PHDWFXWVW 6+Y [141 PHDWFXWVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

142


PP

 PHDWFXWVW 6+Y [





PP

 PHDWVFUDSHVW 6+G [

PP PHDWVFUDSHVW 6+G [

PP PHDWFXWVW 6+Y [PP PHDWFXWVW 6+Y [ PHDWEXWFKHU .60G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP PHDWFXWVW 6+G [









PP

 PHDWFXWVW 6+G [

PP PHDWFXWVW 6+Y [PP PHDWFXWVW 6+G [PP PHDWFXWVW 6+G [

143 PHDWFXWVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

144


PP

 PHDWFXWVW 6+G [





PP

 PHDWFXWVW 6+Y [PP PHDWEXWFKHU 6+G [

PP PHDWFXWVW 6+G [

PP PHDWFXWVW 6+Y [ PHDWEXWFKHU 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP PHDWEXWFKHU 6+Y [









PP

 PHDWEXWFKHUVW 6+G [

PP PHDWEXWFKHUVW 6+G [PP PHDWEXWFKHU 6+Y [PP PHDWEXWFKHUVW 6+G [

145 PHDWEXWFKHUVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

146


PP

 PHDWEXWFKHUVW 6+Y [





PP

 SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP EXWFKHUVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+G [ SODQWFXWVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP SODQWFXWVW 6+G [









PP

 SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [147 SODQWFXWP 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

148


PP

 SODQWFXWP 6+G [





PP

 SODQWFXWP 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWP 6+G [

PP SODQWFXWP 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWP 6+Y [ SODQWFXWP 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP SODQWFXWP 6+Y [









PP

 SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+G [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+G [

149 SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

150


PP

 SODQWFXWVW 6+G [





PP

 SODQWFXWVW 6+G [

PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [ SODQWFXWVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP SODQWFXWVW 6+G [









PP

 SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+G [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+G [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [151 SODQWFXWVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

152


PP

 SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [





PP

 SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [ SODQWFXWVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP SODQWFXWVW 6+G [









PP

 SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [PP SODQWFXWVW 6+Y [

153 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

154


PP

 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [





PP

 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+$ [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+$ [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+$ [ KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+$ [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [









PP

 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [

PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [155 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

156


PP

 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [





PP

 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+$ [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+% [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [ KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [









PP

 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [

157 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

158


PP

 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [





PP

 KLGHVDZVW 6+G [

PP KLGHVDZVW 6+G [

PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP KLGHVDZVW 6+G [ KLGHVDZVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP KLGHVDZVW 6+Y [









PP

 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [

PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [PP KLGHVDZVW 6+Y [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [

159 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

160


PP

 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [





PP

 KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+$ [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+$ [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+$ [ KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+$ [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+% [









PP

 KLGHFKRSVW 6+G [

PP KLGHFKRSVW 6+G [PP KLGHVFUDSHVW 6+ [PP KLGHFKRSVW 6+G [

161 KLGHFKRSVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

162


PP

 KLGHFKRSVW 6+Y [PP KLGHFKRSVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGVDZVW 6+Y [PP KLGHFKRSVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGVDZVW 6+G [ ZRRGVDZVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV VRIWWRPHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [









PP

 ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+G [PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [163 ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

164


PP

 ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+G [





PP

 ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGZKLWWOH .60G [

PP ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+G [ ZRRGZKLWWOH .60G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+G [









PP

 ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+G [PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [

165 ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

166


PP

 ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+G [





PP

 ZRRGVDZVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGVDZVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGVDZVW 6+G [ ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+G [









PP

 ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+G [PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [

167 ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

168


PP

 ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [





PP

 ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+Y [ ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+%G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+%G [









PP

 ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+G [PP

 ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+G [PP ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+%G [PP ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+%Y [

169 ZRRGFKRSVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

170


PP

 ZRRGFKRSVW 6+Y [





PP

 ZRRGFKRSVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGFKRSVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGFKRSVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGFKRSVW 6+Y [ ZRRGFKRSVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP ZRRGFKRSVW 6+Y [









PP

 ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGFKRSVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [

171 ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

172


PP

 ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [





PP

 ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [ ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [









PP

 ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [

173 ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

174


PP

 ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [





PP

 ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [ ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [









 ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [

175 ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

176


PP

 ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [





PP

 ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [ ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+G [









 ZRRGVDZVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGVDZVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGFXWVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGVDZVW 6+G [

177 ZRRGVDZVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

178


PP

 ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+G [





PP

 ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+G [

PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [ ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [









PP

 ZRRGFXWP .60G [

PP ZRRGVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [PP ZRRGZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [

179 EDPERRVDZVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

180


PP

 EDPERRVDZVW 6+G [





PP

 EDPERRVDZVW 6+Y [PP EDPERRVDZVW 6+G [

PP EDPERRVDZVW 6+G [

PP EDPERRVDZVW 6+Y [ EDPERRVDZVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP EDPERRVDZVW 6+Y [









PP

 EDPERRZKLWWOH .60G [

PP EDPERRZKLWWOH .60G [

PP EDPERRVDZVW 6+G [

PP EDPERRZKLWWOH .60G [

181 EDPERRVFUDSHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

182


PP

 EDPERRVFUDSHVW 6+G [





PP

 EDPERRVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP EDPERRVFUDSH 6+Y [PP EDPERRVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP EDPERRVFUDSHVW 6+Y [ EDPERRVFUDSHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP EDPERRVFUDSHVW 6+G [PP JRXUGVDZVW 6+G [PP JRXUGVDZVW 6+Y [

183


PP

 JRXUGVDZVW 6+G [PP JRXUGVDZVW 6+Y [ ERQHVDZVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV PHGLXPWRKDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

184


PP

 ERQHVDZVW 6+G [





PP

 ERQHVDZVW 6+Y [PP ERQHZKLWWOHVW 6+G [

PP ERQHVDZVW 6+G [

PP ERQHVDZVW 6+Y [ ERQHZKLWWOHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV KDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP ERQHZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [









PP

 ERQHVFUDSHVW 6+G [

PP ERQHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [PP ERQHVFUDSHVW 6+G [

PP ERQHVFUDSHVW 6+Y [

185 ERQHVDZVW 6+ [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV KDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

186


PP

 ERQHVDZVW 6+ [





PP

 ERQHVDZVW 6+Y [PP ERQHZKLWWOHVW 6+G [

PP ERQHVDZVW 6+Y [PP ERQHVDZVW 6+G [ ERQHZKLWWOHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV KDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP ERQHZKLWWOHVW 6+G [









PP

 ERQHVFUDSHVW 6+G [

PP ERQHVFUDSHVW 6+G [

PP ERQHZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [PP ERQHZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [187 ERQHVFUDSHVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV KDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

188


PP

 ERQHVFUDSHVW 6+G [





PP

 DQWOHUVDZVW 6+G [PP DQWOHUVDZVW 6+G [

PP ERQHVFUDSHVW 6+ [PP ERQHVFUDSHVW 6+ [ DQWOHUVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV KDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP DQWOHUVDZVW 6+G [









PP

 DQWOHUVDZVW 6+Y [PP DQWOHUVDZVW 6+Y [PP DQWOHUVDZVW 6+Y [PP DQWOHUVDZVW 6+Y [189 DQWOHUVDZVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV KDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

190


PP

 DQWOHUVDZVW 6+G [





PP

 DQWOHUVDZVW 6+G [PP DQWOHUVDZVW 6+G [PP DQWOHUVDZVW 6+Y [PP DQWOHUVDZVW 6+Y [ DQWOHUVDZVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV KDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP DQWOHUVDZVW 6+Y [









PP

 DQWOHUVDZVW 6+G [PP DQWOHUVDZVW 6+Y [PP DQWOHUVDZVW 6+ [PP DQWOHUVDZVW 6+Y [191 DQWOHUVDZVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV KDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PPKaoru AKOSHIMA, Hyewon HONG

192


PP

 DQWOHUZKLWWOHVW 6+G [





PP

 DQWOHUVFUDSHVW 6+G [PP DQWOHUVFUDSHVW 6+G [PP DQWOHUZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [PP DQWOHUZKLWWOHVW 6+Y [ DQWOHUFXWVW 6+G [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV KDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV PP6WDQGDUGXVHZHDUFKDUWRI78057  0LFURÀDNLQJ PP DQWOHUFXWVW 6+G [193 DQWOHUFXWVW 6+Y [)LJXUH([SHULPHQWDOPLFURIODNLQJVFDUV KDUGZRUNHGPDWHULDOV

PP

195

東北大学総合学術博物館紀要（Bulletin of the Tohoku University Museum）
編集委員会規定2004 年 1 月 31 日


( 設置 )
第１条

東北大学総合学術博物館 ( 以下「博物館」という。) に東北大学総合学術博物館紀要編集委員会 ( 以下「委員会」という。) を置く。
( 任務 )
第２条

委員会は，館長の求めに応じ，『東北大学総合学術博物館紀要』( 以下「紀要」という。) に掲載する論文等の審査及び編集に当たるとともに，これに関する事項について審議する。
( 組織 )
第３条

委員会は，次に掲げる者をもって組織する。

一．博物館の教官で館長が指名した者。
二．博物館の運営委員及び兼任教官で館長が委託した者。
三．その他，特に館長が必要と認めた者。
( 委員長 )
第４条

委員会に，委員長を置く。

一．委員長は，第３条第１項，及び第２項の委員の互選によって定める。
二．委員長は，委員会を召集し，その議長となり，会務を掌理する。
( 任期 )
第５条

第３条に定める委員の任期は，１年とし，再任を妨げない。

( 議事 )
第６条

委員会は，委員の過半数の出席がなければ会議を開くことができない。

２．委員会の議事は，出席入数の過半数をもって決し，可否同数の時は，委員長が決するところによる。
( 論文等の審査 )
第７条

委員会は，寄稿された論文等について審査をおこなう。

２．審査は掲載の可否，修正範囲，掲載分類等とする。
３．審査にあたって，査読を実施する。
( 委員以外の出席 )第８条

委員長が必要と認めた時は，委員以外の者を委員会に出席させ，意見を求めることができる。

( 査読者の委託 )第９条

委員会は，論文等の審査にあたり，委員以外の者に査読を委託することができる。

( 審議結果の報告 )第 10 条委員会は，審議結果について，館長に報告する。

( 庶務 )
第 11 条委員会の庶務は，博物館の事務において処理する。

( 雑則 )
第 12 条

この規定に定めるもののほか，論文等の審査及び編集に関し必要な事項は，委員会が別に定める。

附則
この規定は，2004 年 1 月 31 日から施行する。

196

東北大学総合学術博物館『紀要』寄稿要項
１東北大学総合学術博物館紀要 ( 以下「紀要」という。) は総合学術博物館 ( 以下「博物館」という。) に関連する諸科学に関する研究報告，調査報告等を掲載・発表することにより，それらの学問の発展に寄与するものである。

２

３

紀要に寄稿することができる者は，次の通りとする。
①

東北大学の教職員 ( 同客員教官を含む )②

東北大学の名誉教授③

その他，博物館において適当と認めた者

原稿執筆における使用言語は英語・日本語を原則とする。

４

寄稿する原稿には英文要旨 (300 語程度 ) を添付する。

５

原
 稿はＡ４判横書き，1 ページ 1 段組で 1,000 字 (40 字× 25 行 ) とし，充分な余白を取る。英文の場合はこれに準ずる。
( 図， 写真，表，図版などはそれぞれ別ページとして準備する。さらにそれらのキャプションを別途準備する。) 図，写真類のできあがりの最大の大きさは１ページ縦 22 ｃｍ×横 17 ｃｍとする。

６

原稿はワープロ，パソコンで作成し，印字原稿 2 部 ( 図表，写真等も含める。) とＣＤ，フロッピーディスク等を添えて
提出する。

７

原稿の提出は 11 月末とする。

８

原稿の提出は，紀要編集委員会とする。

９

原稿は編集委員会から委託した査読者の審査を経て編集委員会が採択する。

10

掲載した一論文につき，別刷り 30 部まで無償とし，それ以上は著者の負担とする。

11

紀要に掲載された論文等の著作権は，博物館に帰属するものとする。