ISSN 1346-2040

No.22
2023

Bulletin of the Tohoku University Museum
Editors
Ryusaku NGAOAKA

Professor of Art History
Department of Integrated Human Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University

Atsushi FUJISAWA

Professor of Archaeology
The Tohoku university Museum, Tohoku University

Yoshitaka KANOMATA

Professor of Archaeology
Department of Japanese Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University

Reishi TAKASHIMA

Professor of Geology and Stratigraphy
The Tohoku university Museum, Tohoku University

March, 2023
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Cover image: Body design of Final Jomon Pottery drawn by the technigue of “erased-overcord impressions” . Original photograph by Miki Kikuchi.

Contents

Shuji Niko and Masayuki Ehiro : Middle Permian orthoconic nautiloids from the
T ak ak uray ama F ormation in the Y ag uk i area, F uk ushima Prefecture, Northeast Japan

Atsushi Fujisawa, Harumasa Kano, Takamitsu Y oshino and Y uria Koike : H ig h-1resolution 3 - Dmeasurement of K iy otosak uouk etsu tunnel tomb in F uk ushima Prefecture7Bull. Tohoku Univ. Museum. No. 22, pp. 1‒6, 2023
© by The Tohoku University Museum

Middle Permian orthoconic nautiloids from the
Takakurayama Formation in the Yaguki area,
Fukushima Prefecture, Northeast Japan
Shuji Niko* and Masayuki Ehiro***Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University,
Higashihiroshima 739-8521, Japan, **The Tohoku University Museum, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Abstract: Four species of orthoconic nautiloids belonging to the orders Orthocerida andPseudorthocerida are described from the Wordian (middle Permian) Kashiwadaira Member of the
Takakurayama Formation, Northeast Japan. They are Geisonoceras? sp., Iwakiella ichiroi Hatai,
Kotaka and Noda, 1972, Pseudorthoceras? sp., and Bitaunioceras sp. Our observations of the newly
acquired two specimens of I. ichiroi have resulted in addition to the generic diagnosis, especially innatures of the annulations and surface ornamentation of the adult shells and the septal characters.

Introduction
A thick sequence of the Permian clastic rocks in the Yaguki
area, Fukushima Prefecture, Northeast Japan is assigned
to the Takakurayama Formation (Iwao and Matsui, 1961;
Onuki, 1966), in which three stratigraphic units, namely
the Iriishikura, Motomura and Kashiwadaira Members inascending order, are recognized (Yanagisawa and Nemoto,
1961; Yanagisawa, 1967). Following Ehiro (2008, 2022),
that were described ammonoids and coiled nautiloids, thepresent study focuses on orthoconic nautiloids belonging
to the orders Orthocerida and Pseudorthocerida occur in
the Wordian (middle Permian) Kashiwadaira Member as
the third fascicle. Detailed geologic setting and locality
information of the examined specimens herein are referable
in the preceding papers.
Repository.― All specimens described in this study andthe holotype of Iwakiella ichiroi Hatai, Kotaka and Noda,
1972, are reposited in the Tohoku University Museum,Sendai (prefixed IGPS).
Systematic paleontology
Subclass Nautiloidea Agassiz, 1847
Order Orthocerida Kuhn, 1940
Family Geisonoceratidae Zhuravleva, 1959
Genus Geisonoceras Hyatt, 1884
Type species.― Orthoceras rivale Barrande, 1866.
Geisonoceras ? sp.
Figures 1.A, 1.B

Description.― A single external mold of fragmentary andstrongly deformed specimen was available for study; it islongiconic orthocone with 38 mm in length and very gradualconch expansion; reconstructed conch diameter as circularcross section is 7 mm. Surface ornamentation consists oftransverse narrow bands; adjacent bands divided by striae;
subtriangular salients developed; no internal structure
preserved.
Material examined.― IGPS coll. cat. no. 112740.
Occurrence.― Lower part of the Kashiwadaira Member at
B-valley (T1 locality).
Discussion.― The poorly preserved specimen isquestionably placed in Geisonoceras on the basis of its
gross conch shape and characteristic ornamentationconsisting of the narrow bands and striae.
Family Sphaerorthoceratidae Ristedt, 1968
Genus Iwakiella Hatai, Kotaka and Noda, 1972
Type species.― Iwakiella ichiroi Hatai, Kotaka and Noda,
1972.
Emended diagnosis.― Annulated orthocone with gradualconch expansion; initial chamber spherical; annulations
oblique and closely spaced in juvenile shell; spacings ofannulations become slightly wider in adult shell including
body chamber; interspaces of annulations nearly flat;
longitudinal surface lirae restrictedly occur in juvenile shell;
oblique lirae developed in interspaces of annulations;camerae relatively short.
Discussion.― Because the type and only included
species, Iwakiella ichiroi, of the genus was monotypic, its
generic diagnosis was previously based only on the holotype

2

Shuji Niko and Masayuki Ehiro

Figure 1. A, B. Geisonoceras? sp. IGPS coll. cat. no. 112740. A, silicone rubber cast, side view: B, partial enlargementof A to show details of surface ornamentation. C–H. Iwakiella ichiroi Hatai, Kotaka and Noda, 1972. C–E, H, IGPS coll. cat.
no. 112737; C, partial enlargement of D to show details of surface ornamentation at adoral shell; D, side view; E, silicone
rubber cast prepared from apical shell, showing details of annulations and surface ornamentation; H, partial enlargement of
D to show details of septa: F, G. IGPS coll. cat. no. 86628; F, side view; G, silicone rubber cast prepared from apical shell,
showing details of annulations and surface ornamentation. Scale bar is 12 mm in A, D, F; 3 mm in B, E, H; 7.5 mm in C;
6 mm in G.

Middle Permian orthoconic nautiloids from Northeast Japan(IGPS coll. cat. no. 86669). Furthermore, internal structureof the holotype was mostly unknown. The study has resulted
in emendation for the diagnosis on the basis of knowledges
derived from the following two newly acquired specimens.
A specimen (IGPS coll. cat. no. 112737) reveals that theholotype is the juvenile shell and natures of the adult shelland the septa. Another specimen (IGPS coll. cat. no. 86628)
provides data of the body chamber.
Similar annulations with Iwakiella also appear rarely inother Late Paleozoic genera, such as Cycloceras M’Coy(1844; type species, C. laevigatum M’Coy, 1844; see Histon,1991), Lopingoceras Shimansky in Ruzhentsev et al. (1962;
type species, Orthoceras lopingense Stoyanow, 1910), andNeocycloceras Flower and Caster (1935; type species, N.
obliquum Flower and Caster, 1935). Although Cycloceras
clearly differs Iwakiella from in its strongly concave andnon-ornamented interspaces of the annulations, thegeneric distinctions between Iwakiella, Lopingoceras andNeocycloceras are undeterrable at present because of
their insufficient morphological informations. Solution of the
problems is beyond the purposes of this study.
Iwakiella ichiroi Hatai, Kotaka and Noda, 1972
Figures 1.C–1.H[?] Cycloceras sp., Yanagisawa and Nemoto, 1961, p. 282.
Michelinoceras? sp., Yanagisawa, 1967, p. 98, pl. 4, fig. 9.
Tentaculites sp., Yanagisawa, 1967, p. 104, pl. 3, fig. 7.
Iwakiella ichiroi Hatai, Kotaka and Noda, 1972, p. 2–5, textfig.; Niko, 2022, p. 229, 230, figs. 1.1–1.6.
Description.― Conchs are longiconic and annulated
orthocones with gradual conch expansion; in examined two
specimens herein, apex and adoral body chamber including
peristome are not preserved; a specimen of deformed
phragmocone (IGPS coll. cat. no. 112737) has 45 mm inlength, 1.7 mm in reconstructed diameter as circular conch
section near apical end, 4.5 mm in ditto near adoral end,
and approximately 4.5° in reconstructed expansion angle;
length of another specimen of distorted body chamber (IGPS
coll. cat. no. 86628) is 33 mm. Annulations well-developed
throughout and oblique; in apical (= juvenile) shell, they areclosely spaced, 6 in conch length of 2 mm, and possessrounded crests; then, their spacings become slightly wider
with 2–3 annulations in conch length 5 mm and shapes ofcrests shift to rounded triangular in adult shell; approximate
angles of annulations per transverse plane of shell in thesedeformed specimens range from 20° to 30°; interspacesof annulations are nearly flat. Surface ornamentationconsists of very fine longitudinal lirae, that are restricted inapical shell, and oblique ones developed in interspeciesof annulations and parallel with these. Septal curvatures3

moderate; camerae relatively short for the family andindicate approximate form ratio (width/length) of 3; sutures,
siphuncle and deposits are not observable.
Material examined.― IGPS coll. cat. nos. 86628, 112737.
Occurrence.― Middle part of the Kashiwadaira Member at
G2-valley (T7 Locality).
Discussion.― Apical shell morphologies of a new
specimen (IGPS coll. cat. no. 112737) are identical withthe juvenile shell characters of the holotype, that waserroneously assigned to Tentaculites (see Niko, 2022).
In addition, its annulation shape in the adoral shell isreasonably well with that of another specimen (IGPS
coll. cat. no. 86628) representing the body chamber. The
latter specimen was described by Yanagisawa (1967) as
Michelinoceras? sp., but the presence of annulations in thisspecimen clearly excludes it from the genus Michelinoceras
Foerste, 1932, whose type species, Orthoceras michelini
Barrande, 1866, has non-annulated conch.
Cycloceras sp. in Yanagisawa and Nemoto (1961) may beconspecific with this species, but it remains undescribed.
Order Pseudorthocerida Barskov, 1963
Superfamily Pseudorthoceratoidea Flower and Caster, 1935
Family Pseudorthoceratidae Flower and Caster, 1935
Subfamily Pseudorthoceratinae Flower and Caster, 1935
Genus Pseudorthoceras Girty, 1911
Type species.― Orthoceras knoxense McChesney, 1859.
Pseudorthoceras? sp.
Figures 2.A–2.C
Description.― Conchs are longiconic orthocones withmoderate conch expansion and relatively large; a specimenof imperfect phragmocone (IGPS coll. cat. no. 112735)
attains 87 mm in length and has 9 mm in reconstructed
diameter as circular cross section near apical end, 15
mm in ditto near adoral end, and approximately 5.5° inreconstructed expansion angle. Conch surface lacks
distinct ornamentation. Very shallow septa form roughly
transverse sutures; cameral length is short having form
ratios (reconstructed width/length) of 2.4–4.7; no siphuncle
preserved.
Material examined.― IGPS coll. cat. nos. 112735, 112738.
Occurrence.― Middle part of the Kashiwadaira Member at
G2-valley (T7 Locality).
Discussion.― The smooth conch surface and shortcamerae of the Takakurayama species may suggest it to be
Pseudorthoceras. Furthermore, there is a possibility that the
species is conspecific with P. ouchii Endo and Mori (1969,
p. 112, 113, fig. 1) because the holotype of the latter species
was collected also from G2-valley in the Yaguki area. The
preservations of the examined two specimens, however,4

Shuji Niko and Masayuki Ehiro

Figure 2. A–C. Pseudorthoceras? sp. A, IGPS coll. cat. no. 112735, silicone rubber cast, side view: B, C, IGPS coll. cat.
no. 112738; B, partial enlargement of C to show details of sutures; C, silicone rubber cast, shell wall mostly peeling off, sideview. D–F. Bitaunioceras sp. D, F, IGPS coll. cat. no. 112739; D, silicone rubber cast, side view; F, partial enlargement of
D to show details of surface ornamentation: E, IGPS coll. cat. no. 112736, side view, arrow indicates constriction at peeledpart of shell wall. Scale bar is 20 mm in A, C; 12 mm in B, D, E; 3 mm in F.

are incomplete to enough for the generic and specificidentifications.
Mooreoceras sp. indet. described by Ouchi (1971, p. 135,
pl. 1, figs. 1a–h) from G2-valley is similar in its gross conchshape and cameral length to Pseudorthoceras? sp., fromwhich it is separated by the presence of cancellate surface

ornamentation.
Subfamily Spyroceratinae Shimizu and Obata, 1935
Genus Bitaunioceras Shimizu and Obata, 1936
Type species.― Orthoceras bitauniense Haniel, 1915.

Middle Permian orthoconic nautiloids from Northeast Japan
Bitaunioceras sp.
Figures 2.D–2.F
Description.― Conchs are longiconic orthocones with
gradual conch expansion; a fragmentary and deformed
specimen (IGPS coll. cat. no. 112736) has 51 mm inlength, 6 mm in reconstructed diameter as circular crosssection near apical end, 8 mm in ditto near adoral end, andapproximately 3° in reconstructed expansion angle. Surface
ornamentation consists of transverse and slightly distantlirae that frequently form shallow salients; internal mold of
conch marked by relatively deep, transverse and periodic
constrictions provided by thickening of shell walls. Septum
shallow; suture and siphuncle are not observable.
Material examined.― IGPS coll. cat. nos. 112736, 112739.
Occurrence.― Middle part of the Kashiwadaira Member at
G2-valley (T7 Locality).
Discussion.― The distinctive constrictions formed byinward shell wall thickening of this species are exclusively for
Bitaunioceras. Although 11 species of the genus have beenreported from Italy (Gemmellaro, 1890), East Timor (Haniel,1915), Mexico (Miller, 1944), the southern Urals in Russia(Shimansky, 1954), Texas (Miller and Youngquist, 1947) andOklahoma (Niko et al., 2018) in North America, and Japan(Niko and Nishida, 1987), the present B. sp. is not complete
to enough for comparisons with these previously known
species.

Acknowledgements
We are thankful to Mr. Chisato Suzuki, who donatedcephalopod specimens for this study and provided fieldassistance. We express our thanks to Mr. Yukihiro Takaizumi
for his help in the field. The manuscript benefited fromsuggestive comments by Dr. Masayuki Fujikawa.

References
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© b y T he T ohoku U nive rsity Museum

福島県清戸廹横穴の高精細３次元計測
High-resolution 3-D measurement of Kiyotosakuouketsu
tunnel tomb in Fukushima Prefecture
藤沢 敦※・ 鹿納 晴尚※・ 吉野 高光※※・小池 雄利亜※※※※

東北大学総合学術博物館※※

もと双葉町教育委員会※※※

シン技術コンサル○Atsushi Fujisawa*, Harumasa Kano*, Takamitsu Yoshino** and Yuria Koike****The Tohoku University Museum, **The Board of Education of Futaba Town (Former Staff),***SHIN ENGINEERING CONSULTANT CO. LTD.
Abstract: Kiyotosakuouketsu tunnel tomb, located in Futaba Town, Fukushima Prefecture, has
mural-paintings of spiral pattern, human and animal figures. Was constructed in the seventh
century. Because of its importance, it is designated as a national historic site.
The accident at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant following the Great East Japan
Earthquake in 2011 resulted in evacuation orders being issued for a wide area, including the all of
Futaba Town. Kiyotosakuouketsu tunnel tomb also became difficult to manage on a regular basis,
as entry was prohibited except with special permission.
The Tohoku University Museum has been performing a 3D digital archiving project of the remainsof the Great East Japan Earthquake since 2013. As a part of this effort, 3-D measurements ofKiyotosakuouketsu tunnel tomb were performed in 2017. Because tool marks were found on thewall, we used the SmartSCAN-HE, an optical, non-contact, high-end 3D scanner manufactured
by AICON (Germany), to obtain detailed data. The floor inside the tomb was measured by photo
analysis of the Structure from Motion (SfM) method, and the outside of the tomb was measured witha terrestrial laser scanner. These three types of data were merged. High-resolution measurementsallowed us to identify detailed features. Based on the data, images with ridge contrast enhancement
processing are presented. We also report on examples of utilization of the 3D data, such as movie
generation, model making with a 3D printer, and VR experiences.

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ン

の

に

ー

ー

図

清戸廹横穴の

側

の

ー
に

ー

状況

に

ー

ー

ー

3D

20

図 2

清戸廹横穴

ータの

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廹

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21

奥壁

左壁

右壁

図 3

清戸廹横穴

の展

図（

ー）

7
,71
03
Y=1

03
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5

03,
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64.8015°

716

22

1

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60
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A

0

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9

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60
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B

60
X=1

図

清戸廹横穴

図（

ー）

,71

7

23

03
Y=1

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5

03
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A

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60
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60
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図

清戸廹横穴

図（ リー ）

24

38.0m

37.5m

37.0m

図

清戸廹横穴奥壁

図（

ー）

38.0m

37.5m

37.0m

図

清戸廹横穴奥壁

図（

リー

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25

38.0m

37.5m

37.0m

図

図

リー

38.0m

37.5m

37.0m

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図

26

38.0m

37.5m

37.0m

図2

清戸廹横穴右壁

図（

ー）

38.0m

37.5m

37.0m

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清戸廹横穴右壁

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リー

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27

38.0m

37.5m

37.0m

図

図

リー

38.0m

37.5m

37.0m

図 3

図

28

38.0m

37.5m

37.0m

図2

清戸廹横穴左壁

図（

ー）

38.0m

37.5m

37.0m

図2

清戸廹横穴左壁図（ リー ）

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29

38.0m

37.5m

37.0m

図2

清戸廹横穴左壁

図（

リー

）

38.0m

37.5m

37.0m

図2

清戸廹横穴左壁

図（

）

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60,

716

X=1

717

Y=1

03,

B

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30

60,

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660

A

X=1

A’

60,

B’

661

図2

清戸廹横穴

図（

ー）

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715
03,

60,

716

X=1

717

Y=1

03,

B

659

Y=1

X=1

31

60,

Y=1

03,

660

A

X=1

A’

60,

B’

661

図2

清戸廹横穴

図（

リー

）

03,

60,

716

X=1

717

Y=1

03,

B

659

Y=1

X=1

715

32

60,

Y=1

03,

660

A

X=1

A’

60,

B’

661

図3

清戸廹横穴

図（

リー

）

廹

715
03,

60,

716

X=1

717

Y=1

03,

B

659

Y=1

X=1

33

60,

Y=1

03,

660

A

X=1

A’

60,

B’

661

図3

清戸廹横穴

図（

）

34

展示状況

模型全景

彩色壁画と掘削痕の表現（奥壁右側～右側壁）

彩色壁画と掘削痕の表現（奥壁左側）

図 32 ３D プリンターによる清戸廹横穴の模型

８．３次元データの活用

廹

35



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９．おわりに
廹

廹

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36

教職員への事前説明

教育委員会職員による事前学習

３D プリンター模型を使用した学習

低学年向けの３D 動画視聴による体験

生徒による MR 体験

図 33 小中学校での VR 体験等の実施状況

廹

謝

37

辞

廹

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



 
 

註

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引用・参考文献
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

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38

39

東北大学総合学術博物館紀要（Bulletin of the Tohoku University Museum）
編集委員会規定2004 年 1 月 31 日
( 設置 )
第１条

東北大学総合学術博物館 ( 以下「博物館」という。) に東北大学総合学術博物館紀要編集委員会 ( 以下「委員会」という。) を置く。
( 任務 )
第２条

委員会は，館長の求めに応じ，『東北大学総合学術博物館紀要』( 以下「紀要」という。) に掲載する論文等の審査及び編集に当たるとともに，これに関する事項について審議する。
( 組織 )
第３条

委員会は，次に掲げる者をもって組織する。

一．博物館の教官で館長が指名した者。
二．博物館の運営委員及び兼任教官で館長が委託した者。
三．その他，特に館長が必要と認めた者。
( 委員長 )
第４条

委員会に，委員長を置く。

一．委員長は，第３条第１項，及び第２項の委員の互選によって定める。
二．委員長は，委員会を召集し，その議長となり，会務を掌理する。
( 任期 )
第５条

第３条に定める委員の任期は，１年とし，再任を妨げない。

( 議事 )
第６条

委員会は，委員の過半数の出席がなければ会議を開くことができない。

２．委員会の議事は，出席入数の過半数をもって決し，可否同数の時は，委員長が決するところによる。
( 論文等の審査 )
第７条

委員会は，寄稿された論文等について審査をおこなう。

２．審査は掲載の可否，修正範囲，掲載分類等とする。
３．審査にあたって，査読を実施する。
( 委員以外の出席 )第８条

委員長が必要と認めた時は，委員以外の者を委員会に出席させ，意見を求めることができる。

( 査読者の委託 )第９条

委員会は，論文等の審査にあたり，委員以外の者に査読を委託することができる。

( 審議結果の報告 )第 10 条委員会は，審議結果について，館長に報告する。

( 庶務 )
第 11 条委員会の庶務は，博物館の事務において処理する。

( 雑則 )
第 12 条

この規定に定めるもののほか，論文等の審査及び編集に関し必要な事項は，委員会が別に定める。

附則
この規定は，2004 年 1 月 31 日から施行する。

40

東北大学総合学術博物館『紀要』寄稿要項
１

東北大学総合学術博物館紀要 ( 以下「紀要」という。) は総合学術博物館 ( 以下「博物館」という。) に関連する諸科学に関する研究報告，調査報告等を掲載・発表することにより，それらの学問の発展に寄与するものである。

２

紀要に寄稿することができる者は，次の通りとする。
①

東北大学の教職員 ( 同客員教官を含む )②

東北大学の名誉教授③

その他，博物館において適当と認めた者

３

原稿執筆における使用言語は英語・日本語を原則とする。

４

寄稿する原稿には英文要旨 (300 語程度 ) を添付する。

５

原稿はＡ４判横書き，1 ページ 1 段組で 1,000 字 (40 字× 25 行 ) とし，充分な余白を取る。英文の場合はこれに準ずる。
( 図， 写真，表，図版などはそれぞれ別ページとして準備する。さらにそれらのキャプションを別途準備する。) 図，写真類のできあがりの最大の大きさは１ページ縦 22 ｃｍ×横 17 ｃｍとする。

６

原稿はデジタルデータで提出する。

７

原稿の提出は 10 月末とする。

８

原稿の提出は，紀要編集委員会とする。

９

原稿は編集委員会から委託した査読者の審査を経て編集委員会が採択する。

10

掲載した一論文につき，別刷り 30 部まで無償とし，それ以上は著者の負担とする。

11

紀要に掲載された論文等の著作権は，博物館に帰属するものとする。

Bulletin of the Tohoku University Museum