Progress of Water Environment
Governance in Thailand
Mr.Pralong Dumrongthai
Director General
Pollution Control Department
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

The 14th WEPA Annual Meeting
22 February 2019Tokyo

1. Facts and statistics of water quality
STATE OF QUALITY OF SURFACE WATER,
COASTAL WATER• The trend of surface water quality countrywide, theoverall surface water quality has been improved.
• Some water sources has become slightly decreased
quality and some water sources remains
continuously in poor quality.
• Since 2007, among the 59 main rivers and 6 reservoirs
no water sources have been found in very poor quality.
• The number of water sources in poor quality has
become less meanwhile the number of water
sources in good quality has become less also .
2

3• The overall water quality in the past
decade showed that the majority was fairquality (Figure 1).
• (28%) The water sources which had consistently goodquality were Upper Tapi River, Khwae Noi River and Chi
River.
• (55%) Water sources of which the water quaity has atendency to become worse are Lower Rayong River,
Upper Rayong River, Upper Phangrad River, Welu River,
Ping River, Bueng Boraphet Swamp, Phong River andUpper Langsuan River.
• (17%) Water sources of which the water quality had
been poor continuously and needed urgent
improvement were Lower Chao Phraya River, Lower Tha
Chin River, Lopburi River, Lower Rayong River and Lower
Lam Takong.
4• For the water sources in each region, the water
sources in the Northeastern region have better quality
than other regions whereas the water quality of theCentral region continued to be deteriorated quality assame as in the previous year.
• Figure 2, In 2017, the top 5 water sources which had
good water quality were
• Songkhram River• Chi River• Nong Han Lake
• Upper Tapi River• Saiburi River• The top 5 water sources which had poor water quality
were• Lower Chao Phraya River• Lower Tha Chin River• Upper Phangrad River• Lower Rayong River• Kuang River

5

6

7

8

Sources of Water Pollution (Daily)

Domestic WastewaterIndustrial Wastewater

Agricultural Wastewater

9.6 million cu.m.

9.9 million cu.m.

178 million cu.m. (*Water use)

X 150
66
millionpersons••••

Building effluent standard
Real estate effluent standard
Central wastewater treatment plant
effluent standard

4.9 million cu.m.
(For pig farm and aquaculture)

83,278 factories

lpcd•

Industrial effluent standard••

Pig farm effluent standard
Aquaculture effluent stardard

Acts and Responsible organizations•

Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental
Quality Act (NEQA)

PCD, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment(MONRE)•

Building control Act

Ministry of Interior (Department of interior,
Municipalities)•

Public Health Act

Ministry of Health (Department of Health,Municipalities)•

ACT on the Maintenance of the Cleanliness and Orderliness of
the Country•

The Factory Act

Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry•

Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand Act

Industrial Estate Authority, Ministry of Industry

Ministry of Interior (Department of local
administration, Municipalities)

9

Poor quality water was found downstream of the mainrivers which were densely populated area, industrial
area, agricultural area and livestock farming area

• The cause of the poor quality of water sources is thedischarge of untreated wastewater and the treatedwastewater which does not comply with the standard to
the water sources.
• Presently, the wastewater from 21 million households orfrom 66 million population has polluted water of 9.9
million cu.m. per day, 3.3 million cu.m. or only 33 % has
been treated by 97 central wastewater treatment system
which have been constructed and operated.
• From the inspection and law enforcement with pollution
sources, the average of 48 % of the establishment hascomplied with the law on wastewater treatment.
10

Coastal water quality has become continuously
improved. However, in some areas particularly theestuary of the major rivers, sea water quality remains
in poor quality• The good quality of coastal water has been increased
continuously by 61 % whereas the coastal water of thepoor and very poor quality has decreased 3 % and 1 %respectively. (Figure 4)• The areas where the coastal water is continuously poor
quality are the estuaries of the following major rivers:• Bang Pakong Estuary• Chao Phraya Estuary• Tha Chin Estuary• Mae Klong Estuary

11

12

• The coastal water quality in the Eastern Gulf ofThailand, Western Gulf of Thailand and Andaman
Sea is good except the Inner Gulf of Thailand
which the quality is fair
• The top 5 coastal water areas of good quality are• Ao Saphli bay, Ao Thungwualaen bay (Chumphon
Province)• Thale Waek sea, Had Tonsai beach (Phee Phee Islandin Krabi Province)• Chong Samae San sea (Chon Buri Province)• The top 5 coastal water areas of very poor quality
are• Pak Klong 12 Thanwa and in front of the dye factory
KM 35 (Samut Prakan Province)• Pak Klong Tha Koey (Surat Thani Province)• Chao Phraya Estuary (Samut Prakan Province)• Tha Chin Estuary (Samut Sakhon Province) (Figure 5)13

14

Pollution prevention and reduction from the pollution
sources onshore and management of seaside activities
has improved the quality of costal water• The factors which have contributed to the improvement of
the coastal water quality were
• Continuous law enforcement controlling the discharge of
wastewater at the pollution sources• Public awareness of the pollution impact on the coastal water
quality• Promotion of pollution reduction at the pollution sources byutilizing the clean technology, green industry promoting organic
agriculture• Additional construction wastewater treatment system in thecritical areas and the warning system of the incidents which may
affect the coastal water quality• However, the problem of frequent oil spills from the leakage
accident in the oil transfer and tar balls found on the beachhas impact on the quality of the marine environment
15

Groundwater in all regions of the country is ingood quality and comply with consumer• The quality of groundwater in the total 27 basins
complied with the standard of potable groundwater asstated in the Groundwater Act, B.E. 2520 (1977)• However, the amount of minerals found in the
groundwater in some areas was higher than therequirements in the standard and varied according to
the geological, hydrological and environmental
condition• In general, iron and manganese were found in large
amount, so the groundwater quality in the problem
areas needed to be improved
16

Monitoring areas of the groundwater quality problem ofcontamination of heavy metal and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) was found in some risky areas• Monitoring was conducted on the area risk ofcontamination from the inappropriate landfilling or
industrial waste disposal and the illegal waste dumping
area where it was found to have a problem ofcontamination of heavy metal and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and surveillance was carried out on
mineral potential areas and industrial areas.
• The monitoring areas and surveillance were in thefollowing provinces namely, Phetchabun, Phichit,
Saraburi, Loei, Khon Kaen, Chacheongsao, Chon Buri,
Rayong, Tak, Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi. (Figure 6)17

18

2. Facts and statistics of domestic wastewater
management
Domestic Wastewater Management in Thailand

Wastewater Treatment and Disposal• The Government of Thailand has madesignificant progress in collection andtreatment of urban wastewater over the past
decade.
• However, only small portion of total urban
wastewater generated in Thailand is treated.

19

Households or small building> 100 Households (Real estate)

Big Building

Onsite treatment
systemIn present

Option 2
Grey waterBlack water

Option 1
Grey waterIn regulation

Black water

Grey waterBlack waterOr

In regulation

Onsite treatment
systemOnsite treatment
systemBlack water

Grey water

In present
ManholeManholeManholewastewater treatment plant

Environment
44th and 51st

Ministerial regulation
under Building control Act(Adapted from building effluent standard
Size C and D)

Environment

Environment
Central wastewater treatment plant

Real estate effluent standard

Building effluent standard(Size A and B) 20

Domestic wastewater management
Operated 97 plants(2.6 million cu.m./day)
Building effluent standard
BOD < 30 mg/L
1.4 million cu.m.
Household or
Small building

105 plants
Central wastewater treatment
system10 types of
Building>100
households

Black water

Effluent standard

Or

BOD < 30 mg/L
9.9 million cu.m

Grey water
Onsite treatment
Or

90%

8%

Cesspool

Commercial
package

Environment
FaecalSludgeFS treatment plant
80% Anaerobic Digester

BOD < 20 mg/L

Real estate effluent
standard

ManholeCombined seweragesystem

8.5 million cu.m

Ministerial regulation
under Building control Act
BOD < 30 mg/L

AndamanSea

Gulf ofThailandEmptying truck

21

Central Wastewater Treatment Plant
Municipalities
2,442
MWW
2.53 M cu.m./dCentral Wastewater treatment plant
LAOs
5,332
MWW
6.53 M cu.m./d

BMA, Pattaya City
MWW

Total 105 WWTP in Thailand
capacity: 3.2 million cu.m./day• Completed 97 plants
capacity: 2.6 million cu.m./day• Rehabbing and updating 5 plants• Suspended 3 plants

Total construction cost 83 billion Baht (฿ )(Or 2.5 billion US$)0.87 M cu.m./dTypes of WWTP

Stabilization Pond Aerated Lagoons Activated sludge
46 plants
16 plants(Oxidation ditch)
36 plants

RBC
1 plant

Constructed wetland
2 plants
22

Domestic Wastewater Management
Operated 97 plants(2.6 million cu.m./day)

X 150
lpcd

66

46%
Stabilization pond

handle ~ 26%

millionpersons

105 plants

9.9
millioncu.m./day

7,852
Local Administrative
Organizations

1.8 billion
USD

16%
Aerated lagoons

38%

2 plants
In 1985

In 2018

Investment
cost

Activated sludge~ 74%

Faecal Sludge Management (FSM)House

of wastewater
generated

are partially treatedby the onsite
sanitation units

Buildings
Combined Sewer
Water bodies

Land application

Onsite treatment system

Emptying

Transportation

FS treatment plant

Soil conditioner

23

Laws and Regulations for domestic wastewater and faecal sludge management in Thailand
Real estate
effluent standard(> 100 houses) under
Enhancement and Conservation of
National Environmental Quality Act(NEQA)
BOD < 30 mg/L
SS < 40 mg/L

Proposed by LAO
Central wastewater
treatment plant
effluent standard
under NEQA

Enforced by PCD, REO
Building
effluent standard(10 Types) under NEQA

Wastewater tariff
under NEQA
Enforced by
PCD, REO

Approved by
Pollution Control Committee

BOD < 30 mg/L
SS < 40 mg/L

Enforced by
PCD, REO

BOD < 20 mg/L
SS < 30 mg/L

(Draft) TISI
standards
For <10 cu.m./day

FS collection and disposal under Public
Health Act and ACT on the Maintenance of
the Cleanliness and Orderliness of theCountry

Announced
by LAO

Onsite Installation by 44th and51st Ministerial regulation
under Building control Act

Approved for installation
by LAO
Approvedby LAO

Allowance private company tooperate FSM under Public
Health Act(Draft) Solid fraction standard
Under Public Health Act andproposed by Public Health
Department(Draft) effluent standard
Under Public Health Act andproposed by Public Health
Department24

3. Industrial effluent standards in Thailand
GeneralStandard• Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment
Announcement on Designation of Factory,
Industrial Estate and Industrial Zone Effluent
Control Standard

SpecificStandard• Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment
Announcement on Designation of Effluent Control
Standard for Establishment Relating to Desalination• Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment
Announcement on Designation of Effluent Control
Standard for Factory Doing Business Related to Leather
Preparation and Finishing Process• Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment
Announcement on Designation of Effluent Control
Standard for Factory Doing Business Related to Pulp andPaperIndustrial Wastewater (Daily)

Domestic WastewaterIndustrial Wastewater Agricultural Wastewater

9.6 million cu.m.

9.9 million cu.m.
83,278 factories

X 150
66

million •persons •••178 million cu.m. (*Water use)

lpcd

4.9 million cu.m.
(For pig farm and aquaculture)

Industrial effluent standard

Building effluent standard
Real estate effluent standard
Central wastewater treatment plant
effluent standard••

Pig farm effluent standard
Aquaculture effluent stardard

Acts and Responsible organizations•

Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental
Quality Act (NEQA)

PCD, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment(MONRE)•

Building control Act

Ministry of Interior (Department of interior,
Municipalities)•

Public Health Act

Ministry of Health (Department of Health,Municipalities)•

ACT on the Maintenance of the Cleanliness and Orderliness of
the Country•

The Factory Act

Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry•

Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand Act

26
Industrial Estate Authority, Ministry of Industry

Ministry of Interior (Department of local
administration, Municipalities)

Industrial Wastewater Management
1. Effluent Control Standard
2. Monitoring of Discharge from Industry
3. Data Report
4. Inspection
5. Pollution Control Manager*(*The person who has been registered for inspection, control, supervision, operation andmaintenance of the system of water pollution, air, industrial waste or equipment

Industrial Wastewater Management
1. All factory is required to treat theirwater to meet with effluent standard
2. Last survey by Pollution Control
Department found that number ofindustries that actually comply with
effluent standard is around 50%

4. Legislative framework for water environmental
governance
The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental
Quality Act 1992
• In the year 1992 Thailand has its environmental law called “TheEnhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act".
Wastewater management before the time of the 1992 Act was mainly
under responsibility of two departments: the Industrial Works
Department, Ministry of Industry and the Public Works Department,
Ministry of Interior. After 1992, the Pollution Control Department (PCD)* and the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning (OEPP) under the
Ministry of Science Technology and Environment (MOSTE) have started
to be involved in wastewater management by undertaking national andregional water quality management planning and facilitating local
authorities for their responsibilities of their own wastewater
management.
• Thailand has adopted a “command and control approach”, based on
European and American pollution control model with the establishmentof effluent standards and their subsequently enforcement.
* After 2004, the Pollution Control Department (PCD) under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE)
29

• In order to control and manage water quality problem inThailand, the regulations can be grouped into three
categories as follows:(1) The application on environmental impact assessment(EIA) for determination the impact and mitigation planfor development projects with various types and sizes
such as dam with storage volume of 100 million cubic
meters or more, irrigation project of 12,800 hectares or
more, hotel or resort with 80 rooms or more, thermal
power plant with capacity of 10 MW or more, all size ofmining, etc.
(2) The ambient water quality standard and classification
based on water quality situation, socio‐economic
aspects, and availability of treatment technologies(3) The establishment and application of effluent
standards such as industrial effluent standards, domestic
effluent standards, effluent standards for pig farms andfish/shrimp farms etc.
30

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32

33

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5. Institutional framework for water environmental governanceM inistry of N atural R esources
and E nvironment (MONRE)

16 Reginal Environmental Offices (REO)

There are 3 agencies which concern
environmental issues.
Pollution Control Department(PCD)

Authorities and Duties of PCD

Office of Natural Resources andEnvironmental Policy and Planning(ONEP)

Department ofEnvironmental
Quality Promotion(DEQP)

Submit opinions for the formulation of national policy and plans for the promotion and conservation of environmental quality
with respect to pollution control
2. Make recommendations for the establishment of environmental quality standards and emission effluent standards.
3. Develop environmental quality management plans and measures to control, prevent and mitigate pollution.
4. Monitor environmental quality
5. prepare an annual report on the state of pollution
6. Develop appropriate systems, methodologies, and technologies for the application in the management of solid waste, hazardous
substance, water quality, air quality, noise level and vibration.
7. Coordinate and implement measures to rehabilitate and remedy damages caused by pollution in the contaminated area andenvironmental appraisals.
8. Provide assistance and advice on environmental management.
9. Cooperate with other countries and international organizations on environmental management.
10. Investigate public complaints on pollution
11. Perform other functions on pollution control as specified by the Environment and Conservation of National Environmental Act.
B.E. 2535 (1992) and other related laws.
12. Perform other functions as may be designed by law to be the responsibilities of the Department or by Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment or by the Cabinet.
35
1.

Inland Water Sub-division

Marine Water Sub-division

Administrative Section
Domestic Wastewater Subdivision
Industrial Wastewater Subdivision
Agricultural Wastewater Subdivision
Planning and Evaluation Subdivision

Responsibilities : Water Quality Management Division
 Establish water pollution control policy
 Formulate water quality standards and strategies
 Monitor water quality & water pollution
 Provide water pollution advice

36Institutional and financial arrangement
Environmental fund was established by collecting fromvarious sources: Fuel Oil Fund, Revolving Fund forEnvironmental Development and Quality of Life, service
fees and penalties collected by virtue of the Enhancementand Environmental Quality Promotion Act, 1992, grants
from the government, donation, and others. The Fund canbe used to control water quality problem under thefollowing strategies:− Grants to government agency or local administra on forinvestment in and operation on the central treatment
plant− Loans to local government or state enterprise formaking available of wastewater treatment facilities− Aids or grants to support any ac vity concerning thepromotion and conservation of environmental quality
37

Cooperation with related agencies and local
communities• Cooperation is an important andpracticable approach for water quality
management because pollution problems
are usually related to a number of agencies
and local communities.
• The Pollution Control Department has
cooperated with related agencies to solve
specific problems such as theestablishment of working group to monitor
wastewater discharges from pollution
sources.
38

River Basin Management Approach• New directions for urban water quality management
are being considered based upon assimilative capacityof receiving waters, budget availability, and prioritizedprojects within basin‐wide approach.
• The most flexible means of water quality management
are being practiced such as simulation models,
geographic information systems, and databasemanagement systems.
• Waste loads allocation is being considered depending
on assimilative capacity of water body and guidelines
to attain receiving water quality standards.
• Thus, river basin management approach is being
practices such as in the Thachin River Basin. The
details can be found at the Web Site
http://welcome.to/thachin.
39

6. Water quality monitoring framework
Monitoring and Enforcement• Water quality monitoring program plays an important role in water
resource management.
• Water quality monitoring consists of data and sample analysis
performed by using acceptable protocols.
• Monitoring includes analysis of data to support decision makers.
• Under new environmental regulation (The Enhancement andConservation of National Environmental Quality Act, 1992), there are
two types of monitoring programs: effluent and receiving water quality
monitoring.
• The owner or possessor of point sources of pollution is required for thecollection of statistics and data, the making notes and reports of theeffluent monitoring program.
• The monitoring of receiving water quality is done by the government
agencies to maintain the quality of waters and to produce the state ofannual water quality report for the country.
Responsibilities : Water Quality Management Division
 Monitor water quality & water pollution40Water system in Thailand

Total area: 513,115 km2
Land boundaries: 4,863 km
Coastline: 3,219 km
Thailand is a tropicalcountry - Rainwater is oneof the most importantsources of water66
millionpersons

Gulf ofThailandThailandAndaman Sea
coast

25 river basins (254 sub-basin)
and 2 Coasts
41Surface water quality standard
Class 1:
Class 2:
Class 3:
Class 4:
Class 5:Natural water resources
For aquatic conservation,
fishing, swimming andwater sports (20 areas)
For agricultural use (35 areas)
For industrial use (4 areas)
For transportation

 Physical Properties• Temperature, color, odour, turbidity,
conductivity, salinity, suspended
solids, floatables

 Chemical Properties• DO, pH, BOD, Nutrients (NO2-N,
NO3-N, NH3-N, PO4-P, TP), heavy
metals (Cd Cr Cu Fe Mn Pb Zn
Hg), pesticides, TPH

Surface water quality standard

 Biological Properties• Bacteria (Total Coliform, Fecal
Coliform, Enterococci)

26 main rivers (from 48 main river and 4 reservoirs)
42Coastal marine water quality standard
Class 1:
Class 2:
Class 3:
Class 4:
Class 5:Class 6:

To conserve natural resources (85 areas)
For coral conservation (40 areas)
For aquaculture (5 areas)
For recreation (5 areas)
For industry and harbor (7 areas)
For community area (27 areas) Physical Properties• Floatable Solids, color, Odour,
Temp., Transparency, salinity,
suspended solids

 Chemical Properties• DO, pH, BOD, Nutrients (NO2N, NO3-N, NH3-N, PO4-P, TP),Petroleum hydrocarbon, heavy
metals (Cd Cr Cu Fe Mn Pb
Zn Hg), Fluoride, Residual
Chlorine, Phenols, Sulfide,
Cyanide, Total Organochlorine
Pesticides, As, Radioactivity,
Tributyltin:TBT

 Biological Properties• Bacteria (Total Coliform, Fecal
Coliform, Enterococci)

43Surface water monitoring(635 Sampling points – 4 times/year)
48
Main rives

4
Lakes

Parameters: DO, BOD, Total and Fecal
Coliform Bacteria, NH3-N, HM, Pesticide

Surface Water quality situation in the 10 year period
90%

71
Automatic
Monitoring
Stations

5 main parameters:• Temperature• pH• Dissolve Oxygen (DO)• Conductivity• Salinity

44

Coastal water monitoring(211 Sampling points along coastal areas – 2 times/year)

Coastal Marine Water quality situation in the 10 year period

144

69%

Gulf ofThailand

Total 169 areas
Parameters:

NH3-N, NO3-N, PO4-P and
Total Coliform Bacteria

67
AndamanSea

45

7. Future targets/plans, issues and challenges
of water environment governance
Strategies for Water Quality Management
1. Master plan under the 20 year national strategy (2017 - 2036)
2. Country reform plan for Natural Resources andEnvironment
3. Master Plan for Water resources management 20 years (2018 2037)
4. National economic and social development Plan No. 12
strategy 4 Environment - friendly growth for sustainable development
5. Annual budget allocation strategy 202046

1. Master Plan under the 20 year National Strategy(2017 - 2036)


The 20 - year national strategy consists of 23 master plans, such as
security, agriculture, foreign industries, etc.
Under issue 18, sustainable growth, sub-plan 3.4 to manage
pollution that affects the environment and chemicals in the entire
agricultural system with international standards and pollution
management system. Development guidelines 1 have been set“Focus on water quality management in surface water and coastal
water to be suitable for the type of utilization. By reducing andcontrolling pollution released from the source which is the principle ofpollution management at the source and consider carrying capacity,
including the application of the permitting system and Polluter Pays
Principle: PPP”

47

2. Country reform plan for Natural Resources
and Environment
Environmental goals "To create pollution management
system at the source that effectively improve quality ofthe environment and good quality of life for people"48

3. National Economic and Social Development Plan No. 12
4th Strategy on Environment - friendly growth for sustainable
development
Accelerate solve the problem of domestic wastewater and industrial
wastewater by: Develop and increase the efficiency of wastewater collecting
system and municipal wastewater treatment
 Manage wastewater treatment system by reuse treatedwastewater
 Encourage local government to operate municipal wastewater
treatment Collect wastewater treatment fees, maintianance, monitor andevaluate performance of wastewater treatment49

3. National economic and social development Plan No. 12
4th Strategy on Environment - friendly growth for sustainable
development (continue) Promote the role of the private sector to manage
wastewater treatment systems
 Improve regulations under building control act related towastewater sources
 Establish guideline and procedures for permitting theemission of pollutants that take into account the amountof accumulated pollutants in environment.

50

4. Master plan for Water Resources Management 20 years(2018 - 2037)

 6th section of the Plan on Water Resources
Management Plan and Developing the databasesystem,“to set the plan for legal and economic measures tocontrol wastewater discharge.”51

5. Annual budget allocation strategy 2020
 Under 5th article, the strategy of creating growth on thequality of life that is environmentally friendly on item
5.1.8
"Promoting water quality management in surface waterand seawater to be suitable for the type of utilization inaccordance with the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) and maintain suitable condition for aquaticorganisms and utilization for people”

52

Master plan for Water Quality Management in Thailand (2018-2037)
Within 10 years (2027)•

Improve surface water quality in 59 areas (48 main rivers) andmaintain them•

Improve Coastal marine quality in 166 areas and maintain them

Mitigation 1: Prevent andReduce wastewater at source

Mitigation 2: Control wastewater
discharge

Mitigation 3: Increasing efficiency
in wastewater management

53

Master plan for Water Quality Management in Thailand (2018-2037)
Within 10 years (2027)•

Improve surface water quality in 59 areas (48 main rivers) andmaintain them•

Improve Coastal marine quality in 166 areas and maintain them

Mitigation 1: Prevent
and Reduce wastewaterat source
Mitigation 2: Control wastewater
discharge

Mitigation 3: Increasing efficiency
in wastewater management

1.

Promote and enhance Green industry and Ecoindustry such as Zero discharge, Reuse andRecycle2.

Minimize domestic wastewater at source such as
install high performance onsite system, promote
products which design for environment (DfE)

3.

Modify or Improve process for minimizing
agricultural wastewater generation such as
SMART farm, promote Good Agriculture
Practices (GAP)

4.

Prevent pollution from water transportation suchas develop safety standard for watertransportation (reduce oil leakage from accident),
develop oil spill monitoring system in coastal
areas

54

Master plan for Water Quality Management in Thailand (2018-2037)
Within 10 years (2027)•

Improve surface water quality in 59 areas (48 main rivers) andmaintain them•

Improve Coastal marine quality in 166 areas and maintain them

Mitigation 1: Prevent andReduce wastewater at source

Mitigation 2: Control
wastewater discharge

Mitigation 3: Increasing efficiency
in wastewater management

1.

Install more central wastewater treatment inprioritized and sensitive areas such as highpolluted area, tourist area and special area2.

Rehab for current central wastewater treatment

3.

Collect wastewater treatment fee

4.

Propose and implement Permit system

5.

Enhance law enforcement, integrate among
regulation (minimize the gap)

55

Master plan for Water Quality Management in Thailand (2018-2037)
Within 10 years (2027)•

Improve surface water quality in 59 areas (48 main rivers) andmaintain them•

Improve Coastal marine quality in 166 areas and maintain them

Mitigation 1: Prevent and Reduce
wastewater at source

Mitigation 2: Control
wastewater discharge

Mitigation 3: Increasing
efficiency in wastewater
management

1.

Enhance wastewater management by Public
Private Partnership (PPP)2.

Big Data – integrate water quantity and quality,
point source database, monitoring system,
warning system

3.

Promote green products and services

4.

Capacity Building for local staffs

5.

Awareness Raising for all stakeholder

6.

Follow the global mitigation for water quality
management56

WorldCountry
People20 Year
Master
Plan

Act/
Law

InstituteInnovation

Integration of water‐related government agencies
Natural Resources

57

57

58

20 Year National Strategy : goals

SecurityCompetitiveness

Capacity
development

Environmental
friendlyEquality andEquityManagement andGovernment

Master plan (under the National Strategy)

23 Issues

19

19.1 Watershed‐based management for19.2 Increase
to reach international standard
19.3
nationwide: to support the Master Plan Issue 19

Domestic use

Water security for
production sector

Floodmanagement

Water quality andconservation

Upstream forest
restoration

Management59

20 Year Water Resources Master Plan
(2018 – 2037)• Clean and accessible water for
all by 2030
• Coverage of water supply formain cities/ tourist hotspots
and economic zones• Water use per head iscontinuously decreased• Prevention and reduction ofwastewater at point source• Construction of communal
wastewater treatment plant• Water recycling• Natural river restoration• Development of water storage andincrease efficiency of distribution system• Development of alternative water sources• Water provision for rain‐fed area to reduce
damages and losses in critical areas (50%)• Water productivity and restructure ofwater use

• Upstream forest restoration andflash flood interception• Soil erosion control in sloping area

• Drainage system and water channel
obstruction improvement• River Basin planning andenforcement• Flood prevention in 764
communities• Increase resilience andpreparedness• Law• Master plan
• International cooperation• Database• Monitoring and Evaluation
• R&D
60
• PR

Thank you foryour Attention
Pollution Control Department
92 Soi Phahon Yothin 7
Phahon Yothin Rd., Phayathai,Bangkok 10400, Thailand

02 298 2000
https://www.facebook.com/PCD.go.th
www.pcd.go.th