中华人民共和国环境保护部
Ministry of Environmental Protection, China

中国工业废水污染防治Industrial Sewage Preventionand Control in China

蔡治国
Cai Zhiguo
2017年9月26日
26 Sept 2017
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工业废水污染防治相关政策
Policies on industrial sewage
prevention and control

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工业废水污染防治相关政策
Policies on industrial sewage prevention and control
MEP《环境保护法 》《水污染防治法》
Law on Prevention and Control of Water
Pollution, Environmental Protection Law• 对工业废水污染防治提出了要求• Requirements for industrial sewage prevention andtreatment

水污染防治行动计划
Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water
Pollution• 明确了工业废水污染防治的具体要• Specific rules over industrial sewage prevention
and treatment

工业废水污染相关排放标准Standards for industrial sewage discharge• 提出了不同行业的工业废水排放标准Standards
for sewage discharge from different industries

排污许可制度Discharge permitting system• 企业依证排放
• Getting permit to discharge

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（一）新《环境保护法》
New Environmental Protection Law
 新法于2015年1月1日起施行
Effective from Jan. 1st, 2015

 新法条文从原来的47条，增加到70条。
Up to 70 Articles compared with 47 in previous law
 首次明确环境和发展的关系：环境保护优先Clarifies the relations between environment and development by prioritizing
environmental protection
 加大惩治力度：拒不改企业，罚金上不封顶。
Steps up punitive measures against disobeying companies by imposing fines with nomaximum amount 专列“信息公开和公众参与”，公民享有获取、参与和监督环境保护的权利A seperate chapter on information disclosure and public participation, granting thegeneral public the access to information, the right to participate in and supervise
environmental protection 环境公益诉讼主体扩大到市级以上人民政府
Granting the governments of municipal level and above standings for publicinterest environmental litigation 划定生态保护红线，实行严格保护。
5Draws an ecological redline for rigorous environmental protection

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（二）水污染防治法
Water Pollution Prevention & Control Law(WPPCL)
第四章水污染防治措施
第二条工业水污染防治Chapter IVArticle II第44条 合理规划工业布局，企业进行技术改造，采取综合防治措施，提高水的重复利用率
Article 44 Efforts shall be made to improve industrial landscape, encouragetechnological upgrading, comprehensively increase the percentage of waterreused and reduce discharge of wastewater and other pollutants.
第45条 排放工业废水的企业应当采取有效措施，收集和处理产生的全部废水，防止污染环境
Article 45 industrial sewage dischargers shall take effective measures to collectand treat the wastewater and prevent pollution. Industrial clusters shall beequipped with supporting centralized treatment facilities.
第46条

国家对严重污染水环境的落后工艺和设备实行淘汰制度

Article 46 The government shall eliminate the outdate techniques and equipmentthat pollute water environment
第47条
项目Water Pollution
Prevention & Control
Law (WPPCL)

国家禁止新建不符合国家产业政策的以及其他严重污染水环境的生产

Article 47 The government shall ban heavily polluting projects including smallscale paper-making, tanning, printing and dyeing, dyes-making, coking, sulfurrefining, arsenic refining, oil refining, electroplating, pesticide manufacturing.
第48条 企业应当采用原材料利用效率高、污染物排放量少的清洁工艺，并加强管理，减少水污染物的产生
Article 48 Companies shall employ clean and efficient techniques and step up the6control on sewage generation

5MEP（三）水污染防治行动计划Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water
Pollution
取缔“十小”
Banning “minor ten”

改造“十大”

工业聚集区

Transforming “major ten”

Focusing on Industrialcluster

小型造纸、制革、印染、染料、
炼焦、炼硫、炼砷、炼油、电镀、农药等严重污染水环境的生产项目

制定造纸、焦化、氮肥、有色金属、印染、农副食品加工、原料药制
造、制革、农药、电镀等行业专项
治理方案，实施清洁化改造。

Ban on heavily polluting
projects including smallscale paper-making,tanning, printing anddyeing, dyes-making,coking, sulfur refining,arsenic refining, oil refining,
electroplating, pesticide
manufacturing

Special action plans to clean up
industries such as
papermaking, coking, nitrogen
fertilizer, nonferrous metals,printing and dyeing,
agricultural produce andbyproduct processing, (bulkpharmaceutical chemicals,tanning, pesticide, andelectroplating强化经济技术开发区、高新技术产业开发区、出口加工区等工业集聚区污染治理。

More focus on pollution
treatment in Economic andTechnological Development
Zones, High-tech Industrial
Development Zones, Export
Processing Zones. The sewage
within clusters must meetcertain standards before it canbe discharged into centralized
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treatment facilities.

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MEP

（三）水污染防治行动计划Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water
Pollution
产业结构Industrial Structure 淘汰落后产能Eliminate
outdated capacity 严格环境准入
Raise the environmental
thresholds

空间布局
Spatial Layout
 允许建设
Construction permission
 限制或退出Limits or withdrawal 保护
Protection

循环发展
Circular Development 工业水循环
Industrial water recycling 再生利用Regeneration and utilization
 海水利用Sea water utilization

用水污染防治倒逼经济结构转型升级，统筹协调经济社会发展和水环境保护，是适应经济新常
态、环保新状态的具体体现。
 Seeking to upgrade and restructure its economy by pressing ahead water pollution
prevention and control
 Striking a balance between economic development and water environment protection Adjusting to the economic and environmental new normal87

（四）工业废水污染相关排放标准Standards for Industrial Sewage Discharge
MEP

覆盖所有点源的严密的污染物排放标准体系
Incorporating industry-based and integrated standards
are incorporated to discharges from all point sources

1项综合型排放标准、63项行业型排放标准
One Integrated
Wastewater
Discharge
Standard and 63
industry-based

以综合型排放标准为主向行业型排放标准为主转变The industry-based standards are increasingly
applied to better address problems varying fromindustry to industry
污染物排放控制项目日益增加
Growing number of pollutant discharge control
programs

污染物排放控制水平与国际相当
pollutant discharge control in line with international
standards

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（四）工业废水污染相关排放标准Standards for Industrial Sewage Discharge
MEP

行业型排放标准取消了区分排放去向制定不同排放限值
的规定Replacing rules about differentiating thedischarge limits based on the discharge directions

1项综合型排放标准、63项行业型排放标准
One Integrated
Wastewater
Discharge
Standard and 63
industry-based

2008年后在排放标准中增加特别排放限值
implement the special discharge limit规定第一类污染物车间排放口达标和基准排水量
Setting standard of discharge outlet and baseline
volume of water
在部分标准中给出了间接排放控制要求
Indirect discharge control imposed against environmental
risks and for steady functioning of treatment facilities andwell regulated discharges

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（五）排污许可制度
Pollution Discharge Permit

MEP 三个唯一 Three ‘Onlys’“一证式”管理
One-Certificate•对排污行为的唯一行政许可The only administrative permit•

排污行为监管的依据 Foundation of discharge oversight•企业排污的准则 Rules for waste discharging

 环境要素和污染物 Environmental elements and pollutants•

总体思路Principles

综合许可Integrated
permitting

明确污染治理责任体系
Accountabilitysystem

气、水、固废、噪声等 Air, water and solid pollutants
and noises•

常规污染物、特征污染物 Conventional pollutants and•specific pollutants•许可事项和管理要求 Items required for permit and•management 企业自我承诺、自行监测、台账记录和定期报告，自证守法。
Self-discipline of enterprises by submitting books and reports
regularly to prove compliance 环保部门监督检查，严厉处罚失信和违法行为。
Oversight by environment authorities by punishing dishonesty andillegalities
 搭建公众监督平台，鼓励社会公众监督。
Public scrutiny that encourage public participation

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MEP（五）排污许可制度
Pollution Discharge Permit
1.总体目标 Goals
 到2020年，完成覆盖所有固定源的排污许可证核发工作；A discharge
permitting system that covers all stationary sources by 2020
 全国统一排污许可证管理信息平台有效运转；An efficient permit
information management platform

2.效果体现 Results 各项环境管理制度精简合理、有机衔接；Well-coordinated andstreamlined environment management 企事业单位环保主题责任得到落实；Enterprises and public institutions
held accountable for not fulfilling environment obligations
 基本建立法规体系完备、技术体系科学、管理体系高效的排污许可制；
An efficient, well-structured and law-based permitting system 对固定源实施全过程管理和多污染物协同控制；Whole-process
management of stationary sources and coordinated control over multiple
pollutants 实现系统化、科学化、法治化、精细化、信息化的“一证式”管理；12
A systemic and well-designed ‘one-certificate’ management model
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（五）排污许可制度
Pollution Discharge Permit
分步实现排污许可全覆盖 Phase-in full permitting coverage 2017年6月30日前，完成火电、造纸行业企业排污许可证申请与核发工作，依证开展环境监管执法 Waste discharge permits have been reviewed and granted to cover coal-fired power plants
and paper-making enterprises before 30 Jun 2017
 2017年完成《水十条》、《气十条》其他重点行业及产能过剩行业核发
 More will have been given to key industries listed in Water Ten Plan and Air Ten Plan andindustries with excess production capacity by 2017
 2020年完成《排污许可管理名录》规定行业核发，实现全覆盖。
 Full coverage will be achieved by 2020 upon the completion of permit review and granting
for industries in the List of Waste Discharge Permit Management.
 建成全国统一的排污许可证管理信息平台 A national permit information management platform will be set up.
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MEP2 存在问题RemainingChallenges

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MEP工业结构产业布局不合理，结
构性污染特征特别明显Irrational industrial structure andstructure-induced pollution

工业园区同质化竞争比较激烈，存在环境安全和健康风险隐患。
Ever more homogenizedcompetition between industrialparks, latent environment safety
risks and health hazards

生产工艺技术水平还有差距Outdated production techniques

工业污染监管Insufficient regulations overindustrial pollution

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3 下一步工作Next steps

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 按照“水十条”的要求，加强重点行业的污染防治，促进工业行业的转型升级 Work in accordance with the Water Ten Plan towards stronger pollution control overkey areas, upgrading and transforming the industries 加强工业园区污染防治
 Prevent and address pollution in industrial parks
 全面推行排污许可，加强证后监管 Set up a national discharge permitting system and tighten oversight after permit
granting 强化环境信息公开和公众参与 Enhance information disclosure and public participation

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