DRAINAGE AND WASTEWATER TREATMENTPLANNING IN VIETNAM

Assoc. Pro. Dr. Nguyen Hong Tien
Director General, The Administration of TechnicalInfrastructure, Ministry of Construction of Vietnam

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I. Overview of urban development in Vietnam
As of December 2015,
Vietnam has 787 urban
centers:
2 (special grade), 15 (grade 1),25 (grade 2), 42 (grade 3), 75(grade 4), 628 (grade 5)
Rate of urbanization: 35,7%
Forecast to 2020: Urban
population of 44 millions;
Rate of urbanization of 45%
Forecast to 2025: Number ofurban centers of 1000; Urbanpopulation of 52 millions;
Rate of urbanization of 50%.
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II. Current situation of drainage and wastewater
treatment (1)- Number of urban centers which has wastewater treatment
plants is still low (35 wastewater treatment plants with a total
design capacity of approximately 850.000 m3/ day&night).
- Many urban centers are building or have no treatment
plants; household waste water is pre-treated through septic
tanks, then follow the sewers and discharged directly into theenvironment.
- The proportion of households connected to the urban
drainage network in many places is still very low.

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II. Current situation of drainage and wastewater
treatment (2)- Many culverts have insufficient drainage
section; concreted canals, sewers contributed to
the limited drainage- Urban inundation frequently occurs in Ho Chi
Minh City, in Hanoi when heavy rains happen,
and in other cities of Vietnam such as: Da Nang,Can Tho, Quy Nhon, Hai Phong, Nha Trang…

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II. Current situation of drainage and wastewater
treatment (3)Reason:1. Impact of urbanization:- Increased construction land in urban areas- Area of the lakes, rivers is reduced- Increased impervious surfaces (concretedsurface...)2. Drainage system is degraded, the implementation
progress of projects is very slow
3. Impact of climate change: More frequent storms,
hurricanes, sea level rise, early rain, flooding…
4. Quality of planning is low and incomprehensive;
forecasting is still limited
5. Lack of investment capital
6. Many shortcomings in management
7. Awareness of the community.

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III. Regulations related to drainage and wastewater
treatment
Law:
Law of Urban Planning 2009
Law of Construction 2014
Law of Environment Protection 2014
(Vietnam has not issued Law on Drainage)
Decree:Decree No 37/2010/ND-CP on formulation, approval andmanagement of urban planning
Decree No 44/2015/ND-CP on urban planning
Decree No 80/2014/ND-CP on drainage and wastewater
treatment
Orientation:
Decision No 589/QD-TTg on Approving the revised orientations
for water drainage in urban centers and industrial parks
through 2025, with a vision toward 2050
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IV. DRAINAGE AND WASTEWATER TREATMENTPLANNING IN VIETNAM

7IV. 1. The order of formulation, appraisal, approvalof planning and responsibility
I. The order of formulation, appraisal, approval ofplanning
1. Making the task of planning
2. Appraisal, approval of the task of planning
3. Making the planning
4. Appraisal, approval of the planning
II. Responsibility
Community
ConsultantPeople Committee at all levels
Ministry of Construction
Prime Minister8

IV. 2. Basic information on drainage and wastewater
treatment planning in Vietnam (1)1. Objective of planning- Drainage (rain water, inundation, wastewater)- Wastewater treatment
2. Scope of planning (Law of Construction, Law of UrbanPlanning)- Inter-provincial region: from 2 or more provinces (Forexample: Drainage planning for 4 key economic regions…)- River basin region: Vietnam has 3 river basin regions (CauRiver Basin, Nhue-Day River Basin and Dong Nai River Basin)- Provincial region: In the boundary of a province- Urban centers: In the boundary of an urban center.
3. Planning duration (Law of Urban Planning)
From 20 to 25 years
Vision to 50 years
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IV. 2. Basic information on drainage and wastewater
treatment planning in Vietnam (2)4. Fundamental information on drainage andwastewater treatment planninga.

Investigation, inclusive assessment of naturalconditions and socio-economic status, technicalinfrastructure of the planning area.
b. Investigation, assessment of the status of drainage
including source, capable of receiving and the ability
to drain rainwater and wastewater; drainage system,
flood situation and impact of climate change onregional planning.
c. Review and assessment of drainage planning,drainage projects which have been deployed in thearea.
10IV. 2. Fundamental information on drainage andwastewater treatment planning in Vietnam (3)d. Assessment of ability, relationship, connection (if any)of the drainage system of the surrounding area of theplanned area.
e. Identification of indicators, economic and technicaldrainage and wastewater treatment systems.
g. Determination of the drainage basin, source andreceiving capacity, and forecast of the total
wastewater for each planning phase.
h. Proposal of sewerage treatment solutions (centralizedand decentralized); location, size of storm water
pumping stations and sewage treatment plants;
location, size of the drainage line level 1, level 2.

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IV. 2. Basic information on drainage and wastewater
treatment planning in Vietnam (4)i. Forecast of flooding, impact of climate change andproposal of solutions to prevent flooding as well asother relevant measures to reduce the impact ofclimate change.
k. Estimation of investment cost and investment phases;
capital source and mobilization capacity for planning
implementation; Proposal of solutions, mechanisms
and policies on investment, management andprotection of water drainage, waste water treatment
systems.
l. Strategic environmental assessment.
m. Identification of priority projects and implementationplans.
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V. REVIEWDRAINAGE AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANNING IN
DONG NAI RIVER BASIN

13SCOPESCOPE OF THE PLANNING
The whole area of Dong NaiRiverBasin(approximately47.000km2)
including
12
provinces, cities as follows:
1.Ho Chi Minh City
2.Dong Nai
3.Binh Duong
4.Binh Phuoc
5.Ba Ria – Vung Tau
6.Long An
7.Tay Ninh
8.Lam Dong
9.Dak Nong
10.Ninh Thuan
11.Binh Thuan
12.Part of Dak Lak
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OBJECTIVE+ For urban and industrial areas: Drainage andwastewater treatment planning.
+ For rural area: Orientation
wastewater treatment.

ondrainageandV.1. Current status of drainage and wastewater
treatment systems in Dong Nai River Basin

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V.2. Rainwater drainage planning in Dong Nai RiverBasin

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V.3. Drainage and wastewater treatment planning inDong Nai River Basin

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Issue and challenges
1. Lack and asynchronous database
2. Large scope, difficult in site survey
3. Socio-economic development is not stable; Inaccurate
and difficult forecast…
4. Unpredictable impact of climate change
5. Planning methods have not been renewed
6. Advisory capacity remains limited; Management capacity
is still inadequate
7. Difficult in calling for investment... Planning
implementation is not good18

Hopefully, we will have more timeto learn, share and exchange experiences

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
ARIGATO GOZAIMASU

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