Malaysia

Updates on Domestic Wastewater
Management in Malaysia
Mr. Noor Azme Omar, Mr. Mohammad Huzaifah Wahap & Mr. Zubaidi Johar

National Water Research Institute of Malaysia(NAHRIM)[formyl known as National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia]

The 16th WEPA Annual Meeting (online)
1- 2 March 2021

Malaysia…Presentation Outline• Updating Ministry of Environment & Water, Malaysia• Legislation Related To Domestic Wastewater Management• Domestic Wastewater Management Performance in Malaysia• Wastewater Way Forward in Malaysia

www.kasa.gov.my[sources: https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/04/581069/enviro
nment-and-water-ministry-decide-suitable-abbreviation-later]

Till, February 2021, 24,140 followers and 20,861 likers

www.kasa.gov.my

Red Line - Most related organization in Malaysia actively in handling domestic wastewater management unde
Ministry of Environment and Water, Malaysia.

National Water Services Commission[ SPAN ]https://www.span.gov.my/
Vision - Towards a sustainable, reliable and affordable water service for all.
Mission - To regulate the water services industry through fair, effective and transparent implem
entation of Water Services Industry Act 2006 (Act 655).
ACT 655 - Water Service Industry ACT 2006

Department of Environment[ DOE ]
https://www.doe.gov.my/portalv1/en/
Vision - Environmental Conservation for the Well-being of the People.
Mission - To ensure sustainable development in the process of nation building.
Environmental Quality Act 1974 - ACT 127

est.1994

Sewerage Services Department[SSD]
http://www.jpp.gov.my/en-my/Pages/default.aspx
to regulate the service and the existing sewerage system and operated by either thegovernment or private parties in the country
Sewerage Services Act 1993 ( ACT 508)

Water aset management agency named‘Pengurusan Aset Air Berhad’ (732544-D)[PAAB]

https://www.paab.my/about-us/#water-reforms
Vision - To Be A World Class Water Asset Provider.
Mission - Develop Water Asset Infrastructure To Be Funded At Competitive Market Rates; Operate The Business Based On
The International Standard Procedures; Empowering Human Resources To Meet Future Industry Demand; Contributing
Relevant Expertise In Order To Meet The Stakeholder's Expectations.

numerical modelling

physical modelling

Vision - Becoming the world's leading water and environmental
research reference center.
Mission - Leading research and development in the water sector to drive the country's economy for the sake of environmental sustainability.

CoastalOceanography

groundwatersea level rise / climate change

bio/chemical lab.

Surface Water Security
Eco SystemEnvironment

Engagement with the International Community

https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/oceans-seas/what-we-do/working-regional-seas/land-based-pollution

Malaysia had signed and ratified engagement with international such as:
UNFCCC [Signed: 9 June 1993 Ratified: 13 July 1994]
Kyoto Protocol [Signed: 12 March 1999; Ratified: 4 September 2002]
Vienna Convention (for the protection of the ozone layer)
Montreal Protocol (Langkawi Declaration among Commonwealth countries, 1989
ASEAN Transboundary Haze Agreement (10 June 2002)

Legislation To Be Related To Domestic Wastewater Manage
ment
Therefore, many acts had been established and amended such as:

Environmental Quality Act 1974 - ACT 127

https://www.doe.gov.my/portalv1/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Environmental_Quality_Act_1974_-_A
CT_127.pdf

ACT 655 - Water Service Industry ACT 2006

https://www.span.gov.my/document/upload/66ILUPtM99inqSJ4o7YLUgOrK4IrZtOq.pdf

ACT 654 – Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara ACT 2006

https://www.span.gov.my/document/upload/Q3vb592RYE6ggR1iSpfHAw8VnpojktVa.pdf

Environmental Quality (Amendment) Act 2007 - ACT A1315

https://www.doe.gov.my/portalv1/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Environmental_Quality_Amendment_
Act_2007_-_ACT_A1315.pdf

Environmental Quality (Amendment) Act 2012 - ACT A1441

https://www.doe.gov.my/portalv1/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Environmental_Quality_Amendment_
Act_2012_-_ACT_A1441.pdf

Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009

Basic Concept Domestic Wastewater Management (DWM)
nstructions
for the preparation of presentation materials
WASTEWATER

Industrial Effluent Treatment
System (IETS)

Domestic Wastewater

Grey Water(Kitchen, Laundry, Bathroom)

StormwaterBlack Water(Urine, Faeces)

There are 3 major types of wastewater and had been pay attention from time to time, that are:
QUESTION #1 - How To Measure Before/During Pandemic?
QUESTION #2 - How To Have Maintain Operation vs. Work From Home (WFH)? IoT? AI?
QUESTION #3 - How To Upgrade Performance Efficiency with latest parameters? PFOA/PFOS?
QUESTION #4 - Is The Cost Bared by Federal/Province Government or Industries or Public?

Domestic Wastewater Compliance in 2019
Court Cases Comparison between Industrial Effluent Vs. Sewage, 201960

No. of Court Cases

5040302010Others 14 Section(Average)

Section 34A

EQ (Clean Air) Reg. 2014,

EQ (Sewage) Reg. 2009

EQ (Industrial Effluent) Reg.
2009

Section 16(1)0About 19% court cases involved offences under the Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations
2009 compared to sewage between 10 to 20%; The trend shows that industrial effluent and sewage still requires attention and continuous monitoring in the future to lessen the incompliance cases;[Sources: Annual Report 2019, Department of Environment, Malaysia; https://enviro2.doe.gov.my/ekmc/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/V18-AR-JAS.pdf ]Domestic Wastewater Contributor in 2019
RANK1# Food & Beverage Industry
RANK2#Plastic Industry
RANK3#Chemical Industry

Status of Compliance with the Environmental
Quality (Industrial Effluents) Regulations 2009 The
non-prescribed premises subject to the Environmen
tal Quality (Industrial Effluents) Regulations, 2009.
In 2019, DOE has conducted 5,203 field Inspection
to 42 categories of manufacturing industry andother non-prescribed premises.
The enforcement approach adopted by DOE in 2019is through Command and Control (CAC) and Self
Regulation (SR) through the implementation ofseven (7) Environmental Mainstreaming Tools (EMT)
introduced by DOE.
The overall compliance achieved by thenon-prescribed premises was 95.34%. There were
18 categories of industries achieved 100%
compliance in 2019.

[Sources: Annual Report 2019, Department of Environment, Malaysia; https://enviro2.doe.gov.my/ekmc/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/V18-AR-JAS.pdf ]From the table, F&B still on top of industrial discharged contributing loads to surface water.

River Water Quality Status in 2019
Despite of regulation monitoring, all riverwater quality was assessed based on a totalof 8,118 samples taken in 2019 from:• 1,353 manual monitoring stations covering 672 rivers in Malaysia as shown; and• 55 stations from the network are specifi
cally for the purpose of monitoring riverwater quality at upstream of selectedwater intakes for water supply facilities;• Out of the 672 rivers monitored, 408(61%) showed clean water quality, 205(30%) were slightly polluted while 59(9%) were polluted;

The ‘Clean’ river status shows that the wastewater
discharged standard had getting complied.
[ Sources: Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2019 (EQR2019) by Department of E
nvironment, Malaysia; https://enviro2.doe.gov.my/ekmc/digital-content/laporan-kuali
ti-alam-sekeliling-2019/ ]Water Quality Concerned in Domestic Wastewater, sinced 2019
Water Pollution
Sources
Sewage Treatment
Plant (STP)

NH3-N Load (Ton/ Day)
2018

2019

162

270.31

Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) Observation 2018 and 2019
[ Sources: Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2019 (EQR2019) by Department of Environment, Malaysia;
https://enviro2.doe.gov.my/ekmc/digital-content/laporan-kualiti-alam-sekeliling-2019/ ]One of the main sources of NH3-N maybe attributed is fromdomestic sewage. The STP had contributed 66% increased from2018 to 2019;
As in 2019, Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) remained to be one of thesignificant in terms of river pollution.

Demand for water supply is growing in line withpopulation growth and the development of theeconomic sector.
Water consumption 2019: 11,540 MLD
Water consumption:Domestic (Household) - 59.1%

Industrial - 40.9%

Highest water consumption:Selangor - 30.1%
Johor - 12.4%
Perak - 8.3%
[ Sources: Department of Statistic, Malaysia; https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=162&bul_id=TjM1ZlFxb3VOakdmMno
zVms5dUlKZz09&menu_id=NWVEZGhEVlNMeitaMHNzK2htRU05dz09 ]Sewerage Capacity Design Development 2017 -2019

nstructions for the preparation of presentation materials
Sewerage Facilities ofSewage Treatment Plant(STP)
Population Event (PE)Public STP
Private STPCommunal Septic Tank (CST)
Individual Septic Tank (IST)
Traditional System (TS)

2017
Qty.
6,871
3,603
4,359
1,354,986
1,171,555

2018

2019

PE

Qty.

PE

25,258,155
3,373,471
531,127
6,934,008
5,857,775

6,932

26,141,928
4,010,610
515,527
6,998,919
5,925,160

3,841
4,231
1,357,553
1,185,032

Qty.
7,114
4,119
4,231
1,360,395
1,175,248

PE
27,062,756
4,302,350
515,034
7,060,201
5,876,240

The Population Event (PE) of the design capacity had been INCREASED by year.
This is due to the local planning include actively rise of residential area, factories, resorts, hotels and restaurants. The public awareness and education still
continuing to educate remote community, islands, coastline and riparian area.
[ SOURCES: Annual Report 2019 National Water Services Commision, Malaysia; https://www.span.gov.my/document/upload/iHDKZKzAGoj4h5ZgonM
jmtbyC9uu7akP.pdf ]LATEST SITUATION, ISSUES & MEASURES
on domestic wastewater management
1# Illegal Effluent Discharged – causing theWater Treatment Plants (WTPs) disrupting
several times disrupted community needed;
ISSUES: lack of early detection;
MEASURES: Joint-Forces & Public Rewards forearlier detection.
2# Illegal Waste Dumping – causing the community activities, school closing andsocio-economic disruption;
ISSUES: lack of early detection;
MEASURES: Joint-Forces & Public Rewards
for earlier detection.

WAY FORWARD
1# WATER QUANTITY & QUALITY MONITORING DATABASE:• Consistent monitoring point and monitoring frequency
for future consulting environmental impact
assessment (EIA);• Consistent monitoring for legal/illegal
discharged/dumping Avoiding Water Treatment Plant
delayed;• Using both independent/dependent Instrument forconsistent 24 hours real time monitoring concept for
applying water security concept both parties ofgovernment and public.
2# IMPLEMENTING INOVATION APPROACH:• Internet of Thing (IoT) for 24 hours précised monitoringin all weather conditions of early warning system;• Artificial Intelligent (AI) for illegal discharge
detection;• Establishing Treatment Specialist Team for
future Pollution Events.

References[1] ‘Annual Report 2019’ by Department of Environment, Malaysia; https://enviro2.doe.gov.my/ekmc/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/V18-AR-JAS.pdf;[2] ‘Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2019 (EQR2019)’ byDepartment of Environment, Malaysia; https://enviro2.doe.gov.my/ekmc/digital-content/laporan-kualiti-alam-sekeliling-2019/[3] ‘Annual Report 2018’ by PAAB, Malaysia; https://www.paab.my/wp-c
ontent/uploads/2020/07/Annual_Report_2018.pdf[4] ‘Annual Report 2019’ by National Water Services Commision, Malaysia; https://www.span.gov.my/document/upload/iHDKZKzAGoj4h5ZgonMj
mtbyC9uu7akP.pdf

Conclusion[1] LEADERSHIP. Truly example experienced in Malaysia that great leadershipwill steer any scientific solution approaches from any organization andleadership;

Referen[2] INNOVATION.
The acts work great 24 hours. Through science and engineerinceg concept improvisation, the approach will becomes a greater and effectivesolution;[3] HUMANIZED. The great sensor for monitoring and early warning perhaps
are river trails communities. We still need the alarm concept for improvement;[4] SOCIAL MEDIA. Keep in touch, keep posting any pollution event happenedor going to be happened. Responded to the social media community.Reference

The End