Cluster Treatment for Domestic
Wastewater Management in Thailand

Ms. Wilasinee Saktaywin
Water Quality Management Bureau
Pollution Control Department

18 February 2013

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE)

Advisor to the Minister

Advisory Committee
GeneralAdministration

Internal
AuditorOffice of theSecretary to theMinister
SystemDevelopment

Technical
SupportDirecting

Environment
Affairs

Natural Resource
Affairs

Inland Water Affairs

Office of thePermanent
Secretary

Pollution
Control
Department

Department ofWater
Resources

Office of the
NaturalResourcesandEnvironment
Policy andPlanning

Department ofEnvironment
Quality
Promotion

NationalPark, Wildlifeand Plant
Conservation
Department
Department ofMineralResources
Department ofMarine andCoastalResources•••

Polities andPolicy
Coordination

Remark: State Enterprises include:
Zoological Park Organization
Wastewater Management Authority
Botanical Garden Organization

Department ofGroundwater
Resources

Government organization
under MoNRE

Background

Domestic Wastewater Characteristics
Wastewater Characteristics (mg/L)
Type ofsewers
Combinedsystem
ySeparate
systemBOD5

Suspended
Solid

TKNNitrogen

Phosphorus

65 – 110(80)

40 – 110(80)10 - 40(30)

1–6(4)

(160)

(160)

10 - 40 (30)

1 – 6 (4)Note: ( ) Guidance value

Wastewater Treatment System in Thailand
92 Constructed(BKK 7 plants)

Central
100 plants
Total Capacity
2.7 million m3/d

 144 plants

8 underconstruction(BKK 1 plants)

LGOs 34 plants

Cluster 48 plants

BKK 14 plants

Note: LGOs = Local Government Organizations
BKK = Bangkok

Cost for construction of Central treatment system
80,000120
Cost (MB)No. of plants

60,000100

40,00080

20,00060-402007

2008

2009

2010

Note: MB = million baht (1 USD  30 Baht)

2011

2012

Cost for construction of Central treatment system

BKK 8 plants 24,000
24 000 MB(3,000 MB/plants)
100 plants 60,000 MB

LGOs 92 plants 36,000 MB(400 MB/plants)

Note: LGOs = Local Government Organizations
BKK = Bangkok

Type of Central Treatment system

Wetland (2%)
Activated Sludge(36%)

Aerated Lagoon(16%)

Rotating Biologicalcontactor (1%)

Stabilization Pond
(45%)

Wastewater Fee Collection
Collected 8 plants(Collection efficiency
40-98%)
CentralWork in progress

100 plants

4 plants
Non process
88 plants

Problem of Central Treatment System

Non operated plants• SystemS tmalfunctioninglfti i fromf2011
Thailand floods and other cases

Nonoperated
20%

Operated plants• Over design

Operated
80%• >50% of total plants collectedwastewatertt <50%50% off capacityit• Low BOD influent• Trouble of operation andmaintenance(Man, Money, Material)600 target area for wastewater management (2010-2016)

Management (Budget support)

Non management

1%

99%

National Policy
on Construction and Managementof Wastewater Treatment System
•
••
•
•

Issue target area for wastewater management
Supporting construction of wastewater treatment
system which suitable for each area (Promote smalltreatment plant)
Enhance LAOs to effective management of existing
wastewater treatment system
Encourage LAOs to collect wastewater fee
Promote effluent reuseManagement andInstitutional Aspect ofCluster Treatment

Main laws related toconstruction and managementof wastewater treatment system The Enhancement and Conservationof National Environmental Quality
Act, B.E. 2535 (1992)(NEQA 1992)
 The Plan and Decentralization
Process to Local Government
Organization Act, B.E. 2542 (1999)

Steps of set up the wastewater
treatment system
A: Preparation
and Planning ofLGOs
B: Set up of
Provincial
Action Plan
C: Considerationof Provincial
Action Plan
D: Construction
and Operation&Maintenance
E: Management
Control

Organization’s roles in thewastewater management plan
StepsOrganization

ResponsibilityLGOs
A:
Preparationand Planningof LGOs

- Feasibility study- Detail design- Public hearings- Project proposal- etc.

B:
Set up ofProvincial
Action Plan(PAP)- Formulate PAP which
incorporate the project
proposals of LGOs
- Submit to ONEPP

Province(the Governor)

Note: ONEPP = Office of the Natural Resources and Environment Policy and PlanningOrganization’s roles in thewastewater management plan (Cont.)
StepOrganization

ONEPP
C:Considerationof Provincial
Action Plan
The NationalEnvironment
Board (NEB)
The
Decentralization
to LGOs
Committee

Responsibility-Analyze and screen of
PAP by the regulatorycommittee- Submit the approved
PAP to NEB for approval
Consider and give
approval to PAP
Allocate budget to LGOs
for operated theapproved project

Source of fund to construct thewastewater treatment system
under the Provincial Action Plan
Budget(100%)
Central government(90%)
FiscalBudgetEnvironmental
fund

LGOs
(10%)

Organization’s roles in thewastewater management plan (Cont.)
StepOrganization

Responsibility

LGOs
D:Constructionand O&M-Construction thewastewater treatment
system- O&M the system- Monitoring the Influent
and effluent- Collect
C ll t theth ffee

E:Pollution
Management ControlControl
Department(PCD)- Monitoring and control
the effluent to meet thestandard

Technological Aspect ofCluster Treatment

Cluster Wastewater Treatment Plant• LGOs ~34 Plants• Capacity 50-500
m3/d• Trend increasing• Low investment
and operational cost

Situation

Hybrid Oxidation Ponds : HOP

Technology• Anaerobic Filter• SP + Wetland• Contacted
Aerated filter• Fixed Film AS

Constr cted Wetland
ConstructedContact Aerated FilterAerated Fixed film

Trickling Filter

Capacity 50 m3/d

Pumping station

Grit chamber

WetlandMaturation pond

Septic tank

Sand drying bed
Stabilization pond

BOD removal >95%

Constructed Wetland(Capacity 400 m3/d)• Subsurface flow

• Free Water Surface flowConstructed Wetland (Capacity 400 m3/d)
Storage pond
Reuse treatedwastewater

BOD, SS removal 80-90%

Capacity 80 m3/dแยกนํ้ าทิง้ ส่ วนใสออกและนาตะกอนบางสวน
และนําตะกอนบางส่ วนกลับไปยังส่ วนเติมอากาศจุลินทรีย์บนตัวกลาง
ในนํ้าเสีย ย่ อยสลายสารอินทรีย์ ในนํ้ าเสียกวนผสมให้ นํ้าเสี ยมีคุณลักษณะคงที่

เก็บพักตะกอนจุลินทรี ย์ส่วนเกินเพื่อให้ เกิดการย่ อยสลายและรอการสู บออกไปกําจัดระบบบํา บัดนํ้าเสียทม.พัทลุง และทม.สะเดา จ.สงขลา

Cluster Wastewater Treatment Plant
TechnologyArea(rai)Capacity(m3/d)Pop. served Construction
O&M(capita)
cost (MB)* (Bath/m3)

Hybrid
1.2-1.5
Oxidation
1.8
Pond (SP+WL)
3.5
8.1

50
100
200
500

250
500
1,000
2,500

1.640
3.358
6.885
17.6900.7 - 1.2

Trickling Filter

0.125

50

300 - 500

1.551

1.0Contact
Aerated Filter

0.2

80

400

1.936

0.8 – 1.0

ConstructedWetland

7400

2,000

2.794
(Yr 2007)

0.5 – 1.0

Note: 1 rai = 1,600 m2*Construction cost (including collection system) in year 2005

Cluster Treatment system

Challenge:• Adequate operation andmaintenance of LGOs
• Consistency of effluent tomeet the standard• Regular monitoring Control byPCD• Fee collection

Domestic Wastewater Division
Water Quality Management Bureau
Pollution Control Department
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
92 Soi Phahon Yothin 7
Phahon Yothin Rd.
Phayathai Bangkok 10400
Tel. 662-298-2210 to 13
Fax. 662-298 2202, 2211