Water Quality Monitoring Technologyof Total Pollutant Load Control System in Japan
Japan Environmental Technology Association
Managing Director

Susumu Yamauchi
February 22, 2019

JETA (Japan Environmental Technology Association) 2
1979: JETA was established2011: A permit was granted by the Public Interest Corporation Commission
2019: The 40th anniversary

What we can do?
(1) Investigation and Research of development and improvement of environmental
measurement technology.
(2) Seminars and training in environmental measuring technology, and the certifying
examination of environmental measurement expertise.
(3) Research and monitoring for enhancement of performance in international operations ofenvironmental measuring technology , and international technical co-operation.
(4) Technological course of maintenance expertise for environmental measuring system(5) Other activities, publication of literature regarding environmental measuring technology, etc.

Members
Instrument manufacturing company : 11 companies
Maintenance & service company : 22 companies

3

JETA Activities
Water Monitoring
Instruments
MaintenanceTraining Session（from 1989）

4

Environmental
Ambient Monitoring
Technical Training Environmental
Session （from 1999） Ambient Monitoring
The Manual ofTechnical Test
Maintenance Control（from 2009）of Automatic Water
Quality MeasuringInstruments

2,400 person
examination

Water environment management

5

Water pollution of closed sea area
Red tide
ProblemBlue tide

White tide
The figure source: Ministry of the Environment

6

History of water quality regulation in Japan 7
1953～：Pollution disease in Minamata (Discharge of Hg → Damages of lives)
1958：Regulation for Factory wastewater by manual method
1971：The Ministry of the Environment was established
1978：COD Monitoring regulation
COD = Chemical Oxygen Demand
2003：TP (Total Phosphate) and TN (Total Nitrogen)Monitoring regulation

Wastewater Treatment
SewageRiver, Lake, Ocean
COD, TP,TNTotal pollutant load control system(TPLCs)Pollutant load reduction situation

8

COD TPLCs start
Seto inland Sea

COD load (t/day)■Domestic ■Industrial ■Others

Tokyo Bay
COD TPLCs start

Ise Bay
COD TPLCs start

1979

1989

1999

2009

2019
(Plan)

1979

1989

1999

2009

2019
(Plan)

1979

The figure source: Ministry of the Environment

1989

1999

2009

2019
(Plan)

Pollutant load reduction situation
Seto inland Sea

The figure source: Ministry of the Environment
TN load (t/day)■Domestic ■Industrial ■Others
Tokyo BayTN TPLCs start

1989

TP load (t/day)

1979

1999

2009

2019
(Plan)TN TPLCs start

Ise Bay
TN TPLCs start

1979

1989

1999

2009

2019(Plan)

1979

Tokyo Bay

1999

2009

1999

Ise Bay

TN TPLCs start

1989

1989

2019
(Plan)

2009

2019(Plan)

Seto inland Sea■Domestic ■Industrial ■Others

1979

9TN TPLCs start
TN TPLCs start

1979

1989

1999

2009

2019
(Plan)

1979

1989

1999

2009

2019
(Plan)

Total pollutant load control system
The total pollutant load standard is set by the following formulaL = Σ（C・Q×10－３）
L(kg/day)C(mg/L)Q(m3/day)Tolerance of pollution
load amountTolerance of COD, nitrogen,phosphorus oncentration

Amount of wastewater

C,Q:The prefectural governor determines for each type of industry and facilities.
The standard value is reviewed every 5 years※ 大きく分けて２１５種

10Total pollutant load control system

11

Flow meter

QL = Σ（C・Q×１０－３）
Wastewater
Treatment
facilityC
Overflow tank TP / TN analyzer
COD analyzer(UV, TOC)

Water pollution
load calculator

Data display, printing

TelemeterorInternet

Central monitoring
station

Data monitoring and recording

Automatic measurement system of TPLCs

Total pollutant load control system

12

Water quality measurement method (COD,TP,TN)(1)
Automaticmonitor(2)Compositesampler +manualanalysis(3)
Manualanalysis(4)
Simplemeasuring
instrument

Over 400

○

△

▲

▲

3 or more times / daily

200 or more but
less than 400

○

○

○

○

3 or more times / weekly

100 or more but
less than 200

○

○

○

○

3 or more times / every 2weeks

50 or more but
less than 100

○

○

○

○

3 or more times / monthly

Daily averagedrainage（m3/day）

Measurement frequency△,▲：Only when specially approved by governor

Total pollutant load control system

13

Number of water quality automatic monitor installed In Asia
Japan
China
Korea

Start1978
2003
2005
2006

Measurement items
COD
COD, TP, TN
COD, NH3-N
COD, TP, TN, pH, TURB

PointsAbout 3,000
About 30,000
About 600

Water Quality Monitoring System

WQMS: Water Quality Monitoring System
Site Example in Korea

14

Sampling system

15

1. Stable supply of the sample at a constant water pressurein the automatic analyzer.
2. Removal of bubble, coarse suspended solids, settling material.
The existing water pipe

strainersampleSample adjusting tank
Sample water pipe

COD analyzer(UV analyzer)(TOC analyzer)

TN analyzer
TP analyzer

Drainagewaste(Sampling)

overflow

Waste water treatment
The temporary storage of waste(Includes reagent)
DrainWater sampling pumpMeasurement method of COD

16

CODcr

CODmn

TOC

UV

Principle

Chemical Reaction

Chemical Reaction

Heating

Non chemicalReaction

Measurement
MethodTitration

Titration

NDIR

UV absorbance

Reagent

Dichromate, H2SO4
Hg

Potassium, HCｌ
Permanganate

Catalyst

No Reagent

Reaction
Temperature

165℃

100℃

800℃

RoomTemperature

Reaction Time (min)

40～60

30

30～60

Instant

TroubleMany

Not so many

Not so many

No

Running cost（year)

High(Reference)(Reference)

Low

Japanese market
share

None

20%

<10%以下>70%

COD measurement method in Asia
JapanKorea

China

CODmn

Standard for manual
analysis method

Standard for manual
analysis method

Generally in theanalysis of river water

CODcr

UnusedUnusedGenerally in theanalysis of factory
wastewater

UV method

Used for continuous
Unusedmonitoring of wastewater
treatment sewage

TOC method

Used in wastewater
treatment process
management

Law amendment in
Mid-2019
Application in stages in
2021and2022

Used in wastewater
treatment process
management (Someareas)
Used in wastewater
treatment process
management

17

COD monitor
Overview

Measuring methods

 Measurement item：Chemical oxygen demand Oxidation reagent : Potassium permanganate Heating condition : 100 ℃, 30 min
 Measurement time : 1 hour Measurement range : 0-20mg/L～0-2,000mg/L

YANACO
COD-38018

DKK-TOA
CODR-400

HORIBA
CODA-500

TOC(Total Organic Carbon) monitor
Overview

Measuring methods

 Measuring method : Combustion oxidation-NDIR
 Combustion temperature : 680～900℃
 Measurement time : Min 5 min Measurement range : 0-5mg/L～0-20,000mg/L Other functions : Inorganic carbon removal

SHIMADZU
TOC-4200

TORAY
TOC-200

YANACO
TOC-708R

19

Ultraviolet (UV) absorption meter
Overview

20

Measuring methods

 Measurement item : Organic pollution concentration
 Measuring method : Ultraviolet absorption
spectrophotometry (254nm)
 Measurement time : Continuous or intermittent
 Measurement range : 0-0.1abs～0-5abs
 Other functions : Turbidity correction function (546nm)(546nm)SHIMADZUUVM-402

YANACOYUV-308

HORIBAOPSA-150

DKK-TOA
OPM-1610

Io ： Incident light
I ： Transmitted lightl = lo × １０-εCＬ
C ： Organic pollution
Ｌog (lo / l ) = (εCＬ） = Aconcentration
L ： Cell length
ε ： Extinction coefficientof organic pollution(Lambert‐Beer law)
A ：AbsorbanceUltraviolet (UV) absorption meter
Types of measurement cell structure
Sample cell type(Type A) Cylindrical/Square(Type B) Free fall water stream(Type C) Cell length modulation(Type D) Immersion(Type A)

(Type B)

Cleaning cycle

Cleaning method

Intermittent
No needContinuous
Continuous

Wiper, brush etc
No needWiper, brush etc.
Wiper, brush etc.

(Type C)(Type D)21

Ultraviolet (UV) absorption meter
COD value by manual analysis(mg/L)

COD conversion formula : y = a + bx (Linear regression)○UV meter (abs)

When there is no correlation→ UV monitor can not be used

××22

Measured value by manual analysis method

How to check the performance of COD monitor 23(mg/L)

OK area(mg/L)
Measured value of automatic water quality monitor

Total phosphorus & total nitrogen monitor24
Overview

Measuring methods

 Decomposition method : Heat decomposition Heating condition : 120 ℃, 30 min
 Measurement method :TP : Molybdenum blue method (880nm)
TN : Ultraviolet absorbance method (220nm)
 Measurement time : 1 hour Measurement range : TP : 0-0.5mg/L～0-250mg/L
TN : 0-2mg/L～0-1,000mg/L

YANACO
TPN-580

DKK-TOA
NPW-400

TORAY
TPN-100

Total phosphorus & total nitrogen monitor25Overview
 Decomposition method : UV light decomposition Heating condition : 60～95 ℃, 20～30 min
 Measurement method :TP : Molybdenum blue method (880nm)
TN : Ultraviolet absorbance method (220nm) Measurement time : 1 hour Measurement range : TP : 0-0.5mg/L～0-250mg/L
TN : 0-2mg/L～0-1,000mg/L

SHIMADZU
TNP-4200

HORIBA
TPNA-500

Measuring methods

Total nitrogen monitor (Chemiluminescence)
Overview

Measuring methods

 Decomposition method : Combustion with catalyst
 Combustion Temperature : 700～850 ℃
 Measurement method : Chemiluminescence Measurement time : Min 5～15min
 Measurement range : TN : 0-2mg/L～0-4,000mg/L

YANACO
TOC-708R

SHIMADZUTNPC-4110

26

How to check the performance of TP/TN monitor27
Inspection flow

Water quality monitoring
Water quality monitoring is necessary from process control andmanagement to wastewater regulation monitoring.
We have various water quality monitors and measuring know-how.

28

For the success of water quality regulation
29
Data management system and scheme

Maintenance technology

Water quality improvement plan

Compliance(JETA)

Regulation
Capital investment(Economic impact)

Measurement technology(JETA)

Wastewater treatment technology

Thank you
For Beautiful and Rich Environment through theAdvancement of Instrumentation Technology
Japan Environmental Technology Association
E‐mail： jeta@jeta.or.jp
Web : http://www.jeta.or.jp