PIG FARMING WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIET NAM

Reporter: Nguyen Thi Quynh Huong

CONTENT
1. Pig farming in Vietnam: status quo
2. Status quo of pig farming environmental
pollution in Vietnam
3. Inventory survey

4. Stakeholder meeting
5. Future plan

1. Pig farming in Vietnam: status quoo Total population: 90
mil.

Generates 47%ofemployment- Contribution of livestock sector to the agri. sector
output up to 26.3 (or 4.8% GDP), and expected toreach 42% by 2020.
- Pig production contributes about 71% of the subsector’s totalo Remarkableeconomic growth: 7.5% annually
in 1992-2007
 5.8% annually
in 2008-2014

3

Contribution to Vietnam’s GDP by Industry (2013)

Pig Production in 2010 (Global Views)

Pig herd size per agrosystem

Pig Production in 2010
(total production over the world: 109,186 thousands tonnes)
South East
11%

Other countries

North Middle and Coach19%

SpainGermany

USA
Other WEPA
Vietnamcountries

Red river delta
25%

Mekong delta
13%

China

BrazilSouth Middle
7%

North
25%

WEPA countries:
60 % of world
production

Vietnam: Top 6 in the world

Pig Growth in Vietnam During 2000-2014(Source: channuoivietnam.com)

4Vietnam: status quo

Trends in Pork Production by Farm Size in Vietnam

5

Traditional farming
4 mil. households
65-70% pig number
55-60% yield
Trend: reducing 5-> 10 yeas

Industrial farming
4.293 farms
30-35% pig number
40-45% yield
Environmental impact: low concern
 unstable development

2. Status quo of pig farming environmental pollution
in Vietnam

Wastewater:a)Urine, organic compounds(COD/BOD, TN, N-NH4+ (amôni),TP)b)
Cleaning water (TSS, VSS, COD)c)
Drinking water: not significant.
Solid waste: manure + food excess
1.5-3.5 kg manure/day, and 10-50 litters of wastewater.
Emission:a)Solid waste, wind circulation system in enclosed farm, wastewater.
b)Components: > 75 compounds = containing –N and – S such as NH3,amin, mercaptan, H2S and vaporable organic acids.
6 million tons of CO2eq: annually by medium-sized pig farmers as aresult of an estimated 73 million tons of pig waste disposed
improperly into ponds, channels and sewerage or merely left to decay
into fields each year.

Flowrate

Distribution of pollutants load in term of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P inBinh Dinh Province (Source: MONRE, 2012)

9Treatment methods in Vietnam+ Biogas treatment: 30%+ Waste Stabilization Ponds: 30%+ Direct irrigation of crops, fish or
shed to environment: 40%

Source: Du Le Hang (2010)

Treatment methods in Vietnam

BiogasAnother example of how manure is utilized in surveyed farm areas in Northern Vietnam(Source: Wageningen University; La Van Kinh)

Treatment methods in Vietnam

Bio-products
NameDeodorase

The base
Extracted from herb

FunctionsReduce NH3

EM

Microorganism collection

EMCHerbal, natural mineralsubstrate

Increase the absorbance of TA.
reduce excretion DD throughpoop
Reduce NH3, H2S, SO2, detox
THKemzym

EnzymePyrogreen

Natural biochemic

YeasacYeast Sacharomyces

Sarsapomin 30

Extracted from herb

Increase the absorbance of TA.
reduce excretion DD throughpoop
Reduce NH3

Increase the absorbance of TA.
reduce excretion DD throughpoop
Reduce NH3

Treatment methods in Vietnam

Bio-padding

III. INVENTORY SURVEY

Objectives:
Evaluate the status quo of pig farming and waste management in 4 provinces below.
Scale:Ha Nam, Hoa Binh, Nghe An, Ha Tinh

Involved by:•Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Agriculture andRural Development•4 farm with size > 1000
•Local people
Timeline: 21-26 Dec 2015
Content:- Surveying of the status quo of pig farming in 4 provinces- Surveying of the status quo of wastewater treatment in 4 provinces.
- Surveying of the status quo of waste treatment in 4 provinces- Community consultation.

The status quo in 4 provinces
1400000

pig number
1200000
1000000HòaBình

800000

HàNam

600000NghệAn

400000HàTĩnh200000
02010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

The status quo of wastewater treatment in 4 provinces

Wastewater (m3/year)

Waste (tấn/year)Hòa BìnhHà NamNghệ AnHà Tĩnh2.815797,6

Urine: 410,990
Water used in cleaning: 1,972,752--

378.110,8--na

Waste water quality
Poluted caution

Some parameters are exceeds Vietnamese standard- Treatment system: not precisely operated- Insufficient technique with high nutrient content- Biogas: water consuming, inefficient with bacteria- Awareness, perception of farm holder on policy and law is low- No environmental officer specific to livestock farming.

Rate EIA farm (%)

10/34

8/20

100%

29/90
+ 2 projects
approval

Rate of farms
completing wastewater
treatment system to beapproved (%)

0000

Rate of farms having
wastewater treatment
systemAlmost80%

31/36

AlmostInspection

20 farms (2015)

No letters of complaint

Commitment2inspections/year
in cage ofcomplaination

Violation handling

1 cage (2015)

7 cages (from 2010)

1 cagena

The status quo of waste treatment in 4 farms

4 farms: Hòa Bình Xanh: Hòa Bình Bồ Đề: Hà Nam
 Tam Thái: Nghệ An Mitraco: Hà TĩnhHòa Bình Xanh FARM

cage 1cage 2cage 3cage 4cage 5cage 6cage 7

Biogascage 8cage 9cage 10Treatment
cage 11OutputBồ Đề FARM

cage 1cage 2cage 3cage 4cage 5cage 6

Biogascage 7cage 8cage 9Out

pond 4

pond 3

pond 2pond
1

Tam Thái FARM

Stabilization
pond

Biogascage1
Biogascage2

Bio pond

Bio pond

GrasspondMitraco FARM
Clo

Wastewaterfrom cages

Biogas

04 bio pond

(70 x 35 x 5m)(60 x 40 x3,5)

EnvironmentWaste InventoryHòa Bình XanhBồ Đề

Tam Thái

MitracoPoop(g-1 per day)--

268,8167-186

Wastewater(m3 per day)

4550

60150

Biogas tankHòa Bình XanhBồ Đề

Tam Thái

MitracoSize (m)10 x 25 x 460 x 25 x 4,560 x 40 x 575 x 30 x 5

Use ofEmission from
Biogas

Run 02

Cooking and

Cooking andRun 01 electricity

electricity

burningburning

generator 8 hours

generator 14hours

Sampling analysis
 Sampling site: front side of Biogas and rear side of treatment system
 Time points: 2 twice per 2 continuous days Measurement of wastewater analysis:
Parameters

Methods

pHTCVN 2655-2 : 1978

COD

APHA, 5220 D Closed Reflux, Colorimetric method

BOD

APHA, 5210 B. 5-day BOD Test

TPTCVN 6202:1996

TSS

APHA, 2540D. Total suspended Solids dried at 103-1050C

VSS

APHA, 2540 E. Fixed and Volatile Solids Ignited at 5500C

N-NH4+

APHA.4500 NH3 F.Phenat Method

TNTCVN 6624-1:2000

Unit: mg/L

BOD content in the ouput

COD content in the ouput

140
120

Unit: mg/L100

Lần 1Lần 280

QCVN40:201160
40
200Hòa BìnhXanhBồ ĐềTam Thái

MitracoTSS context in the output

TP context in the output

Unit: mg/L

TN content in the ouput

N-NH4+ content in the ouput

- BOD, TSS in wastewater of simply system (Biogas + bio-ponds) in 4

farms: in range of QCVN 40- COD, TN, TP in wastewater exceed QCVN 40.
- Low productivity of treatment

APPROPRIATE pig wastewater MODEL with FARM development:
eco-friendly, not expensive

IV. STAKEHOLDER MEETING“Livestock Waste Management in Vietnam” Time: 18th January 2016, Hanoi
 Participants: 50 people Objective:- Disseminate and share results and information gained from
implementation of action program- Deepen understanding on present situation and challenges oflivestock wastewater management and treatment methods, etc. inVietnam- Share information on livestock wastewater treatment using
methane fermentation in Japan and other countries

Results
Current issues in managements- Incomplete system of legal documents, lack of specific guidelines on the managementof pig production environment.
- No sewage QCVN for livestock- Inadequate regulations on zoning of concentrate farms (distance from breeding areas
to residential areas, not parallel with social and economic development plan)- Functions and duties of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and theMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Development are overlapping- Human Resources Environmental Management at DONRE is weak and lack ofexpertise.

- No technical guidelines on waste disposal of pig production for managers and farmowners- No provisions to encouragethe pig farm having good practice solutions forenvironmental protectionFARMERS

Capital:Technique:

Awareness:- High construction costfor wastewater
treatment system;- High construction costfor breeding houses,
suckling pigs;- Difficultly access forbank loans,
Environmental
protection fund, state
supporting capital
policies- Biogas system build bythemselves
without
standard
technicalguideline;- Nonconcrete
implementing guideline;- Insufficient conditions tofrequently monitoring;- Ineffective
technicaltreatment;- Biogasusedineffectively.

- Low awareness inlivestockenvironmental
protection ;- Lack of informationof environmental lawand policies .
- Lack of concrete
guiding document forlivestockenvironmental
management

IV. FUTURE PLAN

POLICY- Strengthen the dissemination and popularization of Laws and regulations inenvironmental protection facilities for livestock- Issue Vietnamese Standard for livestock wastewater- Strengthen the coordination between MONRE and MARD
- Develop investment policies to support waste water treatment system as wellas encouraging expansion model scale pig breeding farm
- Complete pig farm development plan
- Develop encouraging policies for products produced by well environmental
protection practiced farms.

TECHNIQUE- Research, introduce and guide applying low cost and high effective
wastewater treatment technique model.
- Research to improving biogas treatment system and bio – padding.
- Develop technical guidelines for livestock waste water management forenvironmental managers and farmers.
- Enhance capacity of local and central environmental managers andfarmers through workshop, training and technical guidelines.

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION- Share management experience of pig farm waste in Vietnam withmember countries of WEPA

- Learn experience of livestock waste management policies andtechnique of member countries of WEPA.

- Propose study tour for local and central environmental managers andrelated agencies in member countries of WEPA to learn experience oflivestock waste management.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Per Capita Consumption of Meat (Global Views)

39

HeadDistribution of Pigs Nationwide 2014

(Source: channuoivietnam.com)
40

Statistic Data of Pig Production in Vietnam

41

CALCULATION OF N PRODUCTION IN THE MANURE OF
SOWS WITH PIGLETSCALCULATION OF N PRODUCTION IN THE MANURE OFGROWING FINISHING PIGS

42

Classification of Pigs in Vietnam
Piglets/suckling pigs

 Reproduce on farm or buy from other smallfarmers.
 Be supplied by large commercial farms, state
breeding centres and nucleus farms of animalfeed/food companies

10–15 kg at 40–45 days oldGrowers

 Growers are not as widely used by pig farmers
because today not many farmers practise agrow-to-finish (fattening) pig production system

20–35 kg at 70–80 days old
Finished pigs (or slaughter pigs)

80–130 kg

 Normally undergo four to five months of fattening,
and weight varies greatly depending on breed andmarket demand Usually move from farmers to collector,
slaughterhouse, trader, or even individual
43
consumers.

Vietnam: status quoYorkshire

Landrace

Exotic breeds

Duroc

PietrainPollutant loads
Bồ ĐềHòa Bình Xanh

Tam Thái

MitracoInput

OutputInput

OutputInput

OutputInput

Output(kg/day)(kg/day)(kg/day)(kg/day)(kg/day)(kg/day)(kg/day)(kg/day)COD

335,637,49

305,00

5,68

704

15

531

34

BOD

76,95

0,21

152,15

0,90

114

0,12

391

3

TP

0,78

0,95

0,25

0,10

1,98

0,05

3

3

TSS

208,280,34

186,73

1,43

413

0,30

293

14

N-NH4+

21,87

0,04

14,63

2,91

210,51

102

838,9

1,26

191

14

ParametersTNTreatment Efficiency%