lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS
sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_¬ERbsMrYlCaPasaExµr¦

ecjpSayedaymCÄmNÐlBt’mansiTi§mnusSRbcaMGasIu)a:sIuPictula 2003
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS I sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

esovePAedIm{lMENnaMkarbeRgónsiT§imnusSsMrab;salaeronGasuIGaeKñy_}
CaPasaGg;ePøs ecjpSayedaymCÄmNÐlBt’mansiT§imnusSGasuI)a:suIPic
1-2-1-1500, Benten, Minato-ku, Osaka 552-0007 Japan

rkSasiTi§ © Asia-Pacific Human Rights Information Center, 2003
rkSasiTi§RKb;y:ag
ISBN: 974 - 9731 - 1 - 2e)aHBum< nig cgRkgeday Reuan kaew
)agkk RbeTséf

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS II sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS III sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

KN³kmµkarERbsMrYlelakRsI Cin y:ahn ¬RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa¦
elak epg h‘n ¬sm<½n§ExµrCMerOn nigkarBarsiT§imnusS lIkadU¦
elak yI dara¬GgÁkarKaMBarBikarPaBedaysarmIn¦
KN³kmµkarepÞógpÞat;xøwmsarERbsMrYlelak vNÑ sUpat ¬sm<½n§ExµrCMerOn nigkarBarsiT§imnusS lIkadU¦
elak muI suvNÑar:a ¬kari>]tþmsñgkar G>s>b TTYlbnÞúksiT§imnusSRbcaMkm<úCa¦elak Guin Ka¬smaKmkarBarsiT§imnusS nigGPivDÆn_enAkm<úCa Gadhuk¦
elak muic saxn ¬GgÁkarrkSakarBarsiT§imnusSénkm<úCa vICIELn¦
elak mas vuDÆI ¬KN³kmµFikaredIm,IsiT§ikumar¦
Gñkeroberog
elakRsI Cin y:ahn

karIkuMBüÚT½r
elak eGv can;sIha

KN³kmµkarRtYtBinitü
rbs;RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa
elakRsI Tn; saGuIm
elakRsI yin v:an;faelakRsI fac; FIsar:nelak mas Cutim:aelak edob suplhamftcMlg rW plitesovePAenH
rkSasiT§i ©edayRksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILae)aHBum<elIkTI1 cMnYn 650c,ab; ¬tula 2004¦
edayeragBum< vNÑ sPa kuMBüÚT½r nig e)aHBum<lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS IV sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

esckþIEføgGMNrKuNsUmEføgGMNrKuNdl;elak hSil dun hSahVWr (Mr.Sheldon
Shaffer) RbFankariyal½yGb;rM nigelak GULúuhV EsnKul (Mr.Olof
Sandkull) shCMnajkarGb;rMnigsiT§imnusSénGgÁkaryUeNsáÚRbcaMtMbn;
GasuI):asuIPic Edl)anpþl;kar]btßmÖEpñkfvikadl;karERbsMrYl nige)aHBum<pSay .

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS V sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

GarmÖkfa

bMErsMrYlCaPasaExµr BIesovePA HUMAN RIGHTS LESSON PLAN for South East
Asian Schools, Asia-Pacific Human Rights Information Center, October 2003,RtÚv)aneFVIeLIgCacaM)ac; edIm,IGPivDÆkaryl;dwg nig karBarsiT§imnusSEdlpþÜcepþImeLIgedaymCÄmNÐlsiT§imnusSRbcaMGasuI):asuIPic (HURIGHTS OSAKA)
nigedaymankarcUlrYmBIsMNak;GñkGb;rMBIbNþaRbeTssmaCikGas‘an EdlshkarKñaKaMRT
TsvtSGb;rMsiTi§mnusSrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati ¬1995-2004¦ kñúgkal³eTs³EdlmatuPUmi
km<úCaeTIbEtbBa©b;s®gÁamruaMér:RbkbedayeCaKC½y .
xøwmsaredImrbs;esovePA (HUMAN RIGHTS LESSON PLAN for South East Asian
Schools ) RtÚv)anrkSaTukTaMgRsug elIkElgBaküeBcn_Xøal,HxøHRtÚvsMrYledIm,IeGayGñk
GanCatiExµrsþab;)an .
BaküeBcn_eRbIR)as;kñúgsñaédERbsMrYlenHmanbEg¥kelI- vcnanuRkmExµrrbs;semþcsgÇCYn Nat e)aHBum<elIkTI 3 qñaM 1989
- vcnanuRkmGg;eKøs-Exµr rbs;elakRhVg;KøIn GuIh‘UhVEmn (Franklin E.Huffman) nig
elakGuim RBM (Im Prum) e)aHBum<enATIRkugLúg qñaM 1978
- vcnanuRkmGg;eKøs OXFORD Advanced Learner's Dictionary, New York,1995- bMerIbMras;sMenrEbbexmryankmµrbs;RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa- bMerIbMras;bec©ks½BÞExµr tamRbePTs½BÞEpñkc,ab; nigsiT§imnusS GHGagedayGgÁkar
EpñksiT§imnusS enAkm<úCa .
esovePA {lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiT§imnusS sMrab;salaeronGasuIGaeKñy_ : enHnwg)anCaÉksarCMnYysµartIdl;elakRKÚGñkRKÚ kñúgem:agsikSaskmµPaBBiess edIm,IbEnßmkarGb;rM
sIlFm’dl;sisSanusisSkñúgsalabzmsikSa nigmFümsikSakñúgRbeTskm<úCa .
cMnucxusqÁgNamYyxagEpñkbec©keTs k¾dUcCaEpñkRTwsþI EdlekItmaneLIgedayGectna rW
edaysmtßPaBGñksresr rW GñkERbsMrYlenAmankMrit eyIg´KN³kmµkarERbsMrYl TTYlPar³
rg;caMTTYlykmtiriHKn;EklMGBIsMnak;GñkGanRKb;eBlevla .
KN³kmµkarERbsMrYl
ISBN:974-9731-1-2

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS VI sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

matika

TMB½r

esckIþEføgGMnrKuN
IX
sarlixit- saRsþacarü Yashio kawashina RbFanGgÁkar HURIGTS OSAKA Japan XI- bNÐit Fe A. Hidalgo GnuelxaFikarkmµviFI nigKMerag naykdæanGb;rM PIlIBIn XIII
esckIþepþImXV
karGPivDÆlMENnaMkarbeRgónsiT§imnusS3
k- KMeragkmµviFIsiTi§mnusS
121> enA RbeTskm<úCa15
2> enA RbeTs\NÐÚeNsIu
17
3> enA RbeTsm:aeLsIu
19
4> enA RbeTsPIlIBIn
20
5> enA RbeTséf
23
6> enA RbeTsevotNam
25
x> lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiT§imnusSenAbzmsikSa
1> karrs;enAkñúgbrisßans¥at ¬viTüasaRsþ¦29
2> ´mansiTi§sMrak nigkMsanþ ¬sIlFm’ nigGb;rMkay¦
32
3> kic©karBarEfTaMrbs;«Bukmþáay ¬sIlFm’¦
36
4> ´mancMEnk ¬sIlFm’¦
40
5> fñaMejonpþl;eRKaHfñak; ¬sIlFm’¦
43
6> siTi§TTYl)ankarGb;rM ¬sIlFm’¦
46
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50
8> KMniteyabl;rbs;´ ¬sIlFm’¦
53
9> ´manbMngCYyrMElk ¬BlrdæviC¢a sikSasgÁm¦58
10> kargareRkamkMedAéf¶ ¬sikSasgÁm viTüasaRsþ eKhviC¢a¦62
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiT§imnusSenAmFümsikSasikSa
1> esckIþéføfñÚrCamnusS ¬sIlFm’ BlrdæviC¢a¦
67
2> karsuIsMnUk nig GMeBIBukrlYy ¬sikSasgÁm¦72
3> CIvitmann½y ¬sIlFm’ BlrdæviC¢a¦
77
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS VII sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

4> esrIPaBrYcputBIkarerIseGIg ¬sikSasgÁm¦81
5> kmµkrqøgRbeTs ¬sIlFm’/ sikSasgÁm¦85
6> kumartamcieBaI©mpøÚv ¬BlrdæviC¢a¦
89
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8> nItiviFI ¬sikSasgÁm¦101
9> karGPivDÆ nig siTi§mnusS ¬sikSasgÁm esdækic©¦
106
10> siTi§mnusSmanlkçN³skl ¬sikSasgÁm¦111
K-ÉksarBieRKaH
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119
2> GnusBaØasIþBIsiT§ikumar
127
3> GnusBaØaRbqaMgkarerIseGIgkñúgvis½yGb;rM
160
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167esckþIbEnßm
1> esckþIbEnßmTI1 ³ sikçakamcUlrYmvKÁsikçasalasMenrGasIuGaeKñy_ 173
2> esckþIbEnßmTI2 ³ KN³kmµkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;fñak;tMbn;
180
3> esckþIbEnßmTI3 ³ rUbftskmµPaBsikçasalavKÁsMeNr
182

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS VIII sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

esckIþEføgGMnrKuN
eyIgsUmEføgGMNrKuNcMeBaHbuKÁl nig sßab½nCaeRcInEdl)anCYyeRCamERCg
kñúgkarerobcMkare)aHBumÖpSayenH .
eyIgsMEdgGMNrKuNcMeBaHbNþasikçakaménvKÁsikçasalasMenrGasIuGaeKñy_
Edlkargarrbs; B Y k eK)anpþ l ; C amU l dæ a nkñ ú g karGPi v DÆlM E NnaM k arbeRgonsi T i §mnusS. smiT§plénvKÁsMenr)anCasMenAmUldæansMrab;kare)aHBum<pSayenH . kñúg
»kasenHEdr eyIgsUmGP½yeTasedaymin)andak;eQµaHGñkniBn§enAGtßbTemeronnImYy² edaymanbMngeGayemeronTaMgenaHkøayCaemeronrbs;tMbn;GasIuGaeKñy_
minEmnCaemeronrbs;RbeTsnImYy²eToteT . edayminGacrab;Gs;GMBIeQµaH
sikçakamvKÁsMenrenAGtßbTenH eyIgsUmbgðajtarageQµaHenAesckþIbEnßm.
eyIgsUmsMEdgGMnrKuNcMeBaHKN³kmµkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;fñak;tMbn; Edl)an
RbwgERbgBüayamBinitüEklMGemeronTaMgLay .
1> elakbNÐit egVón faj;h‘n; RksYgGb;rM nigbNþúHbNþalRbeTsevotNam
2> elakRsI Cin y:ahn RksYgGb;rMyuvCn nigkILa RbeTskm<úCa3> elakRsIbNÐit v:a Lay Na b:umEb‘r bNþajGasIu)a:sIuPicedIm,IkarGb;rMCaGnþrCati nigkarGb;rMtMélKuNFm’ RbeTséf
4> elakbNiÐt s‘ÍurIlus )aEln RksYgGb;rM nig vb,Fm’ RbeTs\NÐÚeNsIu
5> elakRsIbNiÐt ecom ehg exg KN³kmµaFikarsiTi§mnusSm:aeLsIuRbeTs
m:aeLsIu
6> elakRsI sayda FI GasKUta naykdæanGbrM RbeTsPIlIBIn .
eyIgsUmsMEdgkardwgKuNcMeBaHelakRsIbNiÐt v:aLay Nab:mEb‘r Edl)an
BinitüepÞógpÞat;elIsñaédbuKÁlcMnYn 101sñaéd edIm,Ieroberog nigelakRsI rugTIb
GIumrYgrYg RBmTaMgKN³kmµaFikarsasnakatUlikedIm,IyutiþFm’ nigsniþPaB RbeTséf
Edl)an]btßmÖEpñkrdæ)al .
eyIgsUmsMEdgkardwgKuNcMeBaHelak echVWsin GapøanFILa Pñak;garrbs;
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS IX sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_mCÄmNÐlBt’mansiTi§mnusS GasIu)a:sIuPic nig elakRsI eNvIsa Gil LÚsarIy:anaykdæanGb;rM RbeTsPIlIBIn Edl)anBinitüGnum½temeronCasMerc .
eyIgsUmEføgGMnrKuNcMeBaHkariyal½y]tþmsñgkarrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati
edIm,IsiTi§mnusS nigkariyal½ymUlniFiGgÁkarshRbCatisMrab;kumar kaNada Edl)anpþl;karGnuBaØatkareRbIR)as;ÉksarbkRsayesckIþRbkasCasklsIþBIsiTi§mnusS
GnusBaØasIþBIsiTi§kumar nigesckþIbgðajcMeBaHkareRbIR)as;bec©ks½BÞsiTi§mnusSCa
ÉksarBieRKaHkñúgkarpSayenH.
eyIgsUmsMEdgkardwgKuNcMeBaHelakGñkEdlpþl;pÞaMgKMnUr rUbPaBBnül; nig
rUbftBIRbeTskm<úCa evotNam nigéf . rUbPaBTaMgenHCYyeGaymankarpøas;bþÚr
TsSnIyPaBBIemeronmYyeTAemeronmYy .
CaTIbBa©b; eyIgsUmEføgGMnrKuNcMeBaHmUlniFi Navm:an; Rh‘ÍVRDic (Friedrich
Naumann Foundation) tamry³ kariyal½yRbcaMtMbn;enATIRkug)agkkEdl)anCYy]btßmÖfvikadl;karRbCMuKN³kmµkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;fñak;tMbn; nigkare)aHBum<Éksar
enH . eyIgsUmsMEdgkardwgKuNcMeBaHelak G‘U cUhaNin (Mr. Uwe Johannen)
RbFankariyal½yRbcaMtMbn;Edl)an]btßmÖTaMgRsugdl;kare)aHBum<pSay nigcMeBaH
elakRsI v:a Lay:a BinR)ayUn (Ms. Wallaya Pinprayoon) Edl)an]btßmÖkic©karrdæ)al .

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS X sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

sarlixit
RKUbeRgonKWCaGñkeFVIkarCYrmuxenAkñúgvis½yGb;rM . eyIgdak;elIsµarbs;eKnUv
TMnYlxusRtUvkñúgkarCYysisSrbs;eyIgeGayerobcMGnaKtrbs;BYkeK. dUcenHeyIg
RtUvEtTTYlsÁal;tYnaTId¾sMxan;rbs;RKUbeRgon ehIypþl;dl;BYkeKnUvkar]btßmÖEdleK
RtUvkaredIm,IeKGacbnþbMeBjParkic©)aneBlelj .
sßanPaBrbs;RKUbeRgon KWCacMnucKitKUrcMbgkñúgkarRbwgERbgrbs;eyIgenAÉmCÄmNÐlBt’mansiTi§mnusSGasuI)a:sIuhVic (HURIGHTS OSAKA) edIm,IelIkkMBs;
tYnaTIsiTi§mnusSkñúgsalaeron . RbsinebIeKminKaMRTRKUbeRgoneT kmµviFIGb;rM
siTi§mnusSkñúgsalaeronnwgRtUvCYbbraC½y .
dUcenHehIy )anCaeyIgeGaytMélkar]btßmÖrbs;bNþaGñkGb;rMkñúg {vKÁsMenr
GasIuGaeKñy_ qñaM 2001 sþIBIkarbegáItemeronsMrab;RKUkñúgkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS} (SEA
writeshop) Edl)anpþl;emerondl;ÉksarenH . eyIgsUmEføgGMnrKuNdl;bNþa
sikçakam k¾dUcCabNþaédKUrbs;eyIg ¬naykdæanGb;rMRbeTsPIlIBIn KN³kmµaFi
karsiTi§mnusSRbeTsPIlIBIn nigmUlniFiGasIuGaeKñy_sMrab;karGPivDÆsßab½nnigc,ab;¦
Edl)anrYmviPaKTanCamYyeyIgnUvTsSnvis½y kMlaMgkaycitþ nigFnFan edIm,IRTRTg;vKÁsMenrGasIuGaeKñy_ .
enATIbMputeyIg)anÉksarENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusSsMrab;pþl;CUnCabzm
dl;RKUbeRgonenAGasuIGaeKñy_ eTaHbIÉksarenHminTan;Cal¥Nas;Nak¾eday . eBl
enHeyIgmanParkic©ENnaMkareRbIR)as;ÉksarenHdl;elakGñkTaMgenaH .
eyIgsgÇwmfa elakRKUGñkRKUnwgrkeXIjxwømsar nigviFIsaRsþbeRgonEdlsm
RsbnwgtMrUvkar ehIysmRsbnwgkMrityl;dwgrbs;sisSelakGñkpg tamry³emeron
kñúgÉksarenH . eyIgk¾sgÇwmpgEdrfa ÉksarenHnwgCYyCMrujTwkcitþelakGñkRKU nig
GñkGb;rMdéTeTot eGaykan;EtmancMNab;GarmµN_xøaMgeLIg elIkarGb;rMsiTi§mnusS .

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS XI sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

eyIgsUmEføgGMnrKuNd¾RCaleRCAcMeBaHkar]btßmÖrbs;mUlniFiRhVIRDic Nav
m:an; (Friedrich Naumann Foundation) kñúgkare)aHBum<ÉksarenH .
CaTIbBa©b; karpþl;CUnÉksarenHdl;édRKUbeRgonenAGasIuGaeKñy_ nigGñkenA
eRkAtMbn;rYmCamYyParkic©bnþ KWCakarrYmcMEnkQaneTArkeKaledATsvtSGb;rMsiTi§mnusSrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati ¬1995-2004¦ . TsvtSrbs;GgÁkarshRbCa
CatienH )ankøayCaKMeragkargarTaMgmUlrbs;eyIg kñúgkarelIkkMBs;karGb;rM
siTi§mnusSenAkñúgtMbn; .
saRsþacarü y:s
U SIGú U kav:asSIN
ú a
Yashio Kawashina

naykmCÄmNÐlBt’mansiT§imnusSRbcaMGasuI)a:suIPic(HURIGHTS OSAKA)

RbeTsCb:unlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS XII sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

sarlixit
karGb;rMsiTi§mnusS KWCakarERbkøayeKalRTIsIþsiTi§mnusSGrUbI eGayeTACabT
BiesaFCak;Esþgkñúgfñak;eron . KMrUemeronbeRgonsiTi§mnusSEdl)ansakl,genAsalaeronsaFarN³RbeTsPIlIBIn KWbRBa¢abeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS nigKuNtMéleTAkñúgRKb;muxviC¢aman³ KNitviTüa viTüasaRsþ sil,³R)aRs½yTak;Tg ¬PasaPIlIBIn
nig Gg;eKøs¦ nig sikSasgÁm¬t®nIþ sil,³ Gb;rMkay Gb;rMbec©kviTüa nigGb;rMGMBICIvPaB
nigGb;rMKuNtMél¦ . kñúgKMrUemeronTaMgenH eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS RtUvpSarP¢ab;CamYy
smtßPaBrMBwgTukenAkñúgkmµviFIGb;rMmUldæan .
ÉksarbeRgon mansar³sMxan;kñúgkareFVI[R)akdfa karbeRgonsiTi§mnusSman
vtßúbMngeFIVeGaycaMCab;kñúgcitþnUvkareKarBesckIþéføfñÚrrbs;mnusS nigkaryl;dwgGMBI
TMnYlxusRtUvCaBlrdæénRbeTsCati nigBiPBelak. vKÁsMenrGasIuGaeKñy_GMBIkar
GPivDÆlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS)anRtUvpþÜcepþImeLIgedaynaykdæanGb;rMKN³
kmµaFikarsiTi§mnusSkñúgRbeTsPIlIBIn nigmCÄmNÐlBt’mansiTi§mnusS HURIGHTSOSAKA edI m ,I E ckrM E lkbTBi e saFrbs; R beTsPI l I B I n elI k arGPi v DÆÉksar ni gsMPar³beRgonCYydl;RbeTsCaédKUenAGasIuGaeKñy_elIkargarGb;rM nigedIm,IelIkkMBs;
karGb;rMsiTi§mnusSenAkñúgtMbn; . KMrUemeronTaMgLayEdl)anbgðajtamlMdab;lMeday
GMBIkarGb;rMsiTi§mnusS tamrebobRKbdNþb;elIPaBedayELk²rbs;vb,Fm’ sasna
TMenomTMlab;.l.epSg²Kña nwgRtUveRbIenAsalaeronGasIuGeKñy_ . KMrUemeronnwgCYy
eyIgkñúgkarGb;rMkumarCMnan;eRkayEdlnwgeFVIeGayeyIgmanemaTnPaB.
CakarBit vtßúbMngénkarGb;rMsiTi§mnusSsißtkñúgry³eBlyUrGEgVg ehIykar
sMEdgecjnUvGakb,kiriyaERbRbYl minGacRtUvemIleXIjnigvaytMél)anPøam²enA
kñúgfñak;eroneLIy . lT§plnwgRtUvsMEdgecjenAeBleRkay kñúgTMnak;TMngrvagGñk
TTYlkarGb;rMCamYyGñkdéT eRbobdUcCakUnrbs;eyIgEdlnwgFMdwgkIþehIyRtUvRbQm
muxniwgBiPBtf³ nigRbkbedaykarl,gsmtßPaB. dUcenH karGb;rMsiTi§mnusSminsMedA
cMeBaH EtsiTi§CamUldæanrbs;mnusS nigkumarb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþEfmTaMgsMedAcMeBaHTMnYl
xusRtUvkñúgTegVI nigPaBCaBlrdæ RbCaFibetyü karRslaj;esrIPaB mnsikarCati nig
BiPBelak PaBQWq¥alnwgRBwtþiehtuEdlekItmancMeBaHRsIþnigkumar karkarBarbrisßan
nigkarGPivDÆCanirnþr_ .
PaBRbTak;RbTgKñarvagbNþavtßúbMngénkarGb;rMsiTi§mnusS RtUv)anelIkbgðaj
eGayeXIjenAkñúgKMrUemeronTaMgLayénÉksarlMENnaMkarbeRgónsiT§imnusSsMrab;salaeronenAGasIuGaeKñy_enH . dUcenH eyIgsUmGMBavnavrkkarKaMRTGMBIsMNak;lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS XIII sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

RksYgGb;rMkñúgtMbn; kñúgkareFIVeGayR)akdfa ÉksarenH)anRtUveRbIR)as;kñúgsala
eronfñak;eronenAGasIuGeKñy_ . Parkic©d¾lM)aklMbinkñúgkarelIkkMBs;karGb;rMsiTi§mnusSenAEtmanCanic© rhUtdl;pþl;lT§plenATIbMput KWmnusSmanTMnak;TMngl¥rvagKñanwgKña ehIymanTsSnvis½yviC¢mancMeBaHBiPBEdlxøÜnrs;enA .
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusSenAGasIuGaeKñy_ begIát)anCaCMhanmYyFMkñúg
kareFIVeGayckçúvis½yénkarGb;rMsiTi§mnusSkøayCakarBit .
elakRsIbNÐti hVGÍ‘ a hIdu alehÁa
Fe A. Hidalgo, Ph.D.

GnuelxaFikar kmµviFInigKMeragnaykdæanGb;rM
RbeTsPIlIBIn

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS XIV sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

esckIþepIþm
karecjpSayÉksarenH CalT§plénkarRbwgERbgCMhandMbUgkñúgkarGPivDÆ
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusSsMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_ . Éksar)anEp¥kelIbT
BiesaFrbs;bNþaGñkGb;rMkñúgGnutMbn; kñúgkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS . enHCalT§plénPaB
CaédKUCaRbcaM rbs;bNþaGñkGb;rM nigsßab½nenAGasIuGaeKñy_ .
dUcenH kic©shkarKWCaKnøwHénkarecjpSayÉksarenH .
Éksare)aHBum<pSayenH KWCaviPaKTanmYysMedAeFVIeGayvtßúbMngénTsvtSGb;rM
siT§imnusSrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati ¬1995-2004¦ [ UN Decade] køayCakar
Bit. TsvtSGgÁkarshRbCaCatiRTRTg;karGPivDÆÉksarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS .
TsvtSGgÁkarshRbCaCati k¾elIkkMBs;kic©shkarrvagbNþasßab½npgEdr Edlkic©
shkarenHRtUv)ancat;TukfaCameFüa)ayd¾sMxan;kñúgkarGnuvtþkmµviFIGb;rMsiTi§mnusS .
Rbvtiþénkic©shkarenH)anepIþmeLIgenAkñúgskmµPaBGb;rMsiTi§mnusSCabnþ
bnÞab;enAtamsalaeronGasIuGaeKñy_nacugqñaM 1990 . skmµPaBTI1 KWsikçasala
BieRKaHeyabl;qñaM 1998 ¬sikçasalaenATIRkugs‘Ura:)ay:a¦¬1¦. sikçasalaenH
eFVIkarBinitüeLIgvijkmµviFIGb;rMsiTi§mnusStamsalaeronnabNþaRbeTsenAGasIu
GaeKñy_ rkbBaðaEdl)anCYbRbTH nig»kasEdlman . sikçakamvKÁenaH ¬2¦ )anrk
eXIjvis½ymYycMnYnRtUvEklMG .
viFIsaRsþbeRgon ³ GPivDÆn_lMnaM nigviFIsaRsþbeRgonsiTi§mnusStambT
BiesaF .
ÉksarbeRgon ³ GPivDÆn_ÉksarbeRgondl;elakGñkRKUbeRgon.
viFI rWmeFüa)ayGb;rMsiTi§mnusS ³ sMedAkarravrkmeFüa)ay rW viFIbeRgonsiTi§mnusSeGayxusBIviFIbeRgonGb;rMKuNtMél.
RbCaRbiykmµeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS ³ eFVIeGayeKalkarN_ nigbTdæan
siTi§mnusSmanlkçN³gayyl;tamry³kareRbIPasasamBaØ ¬CaCageRbIPasasiTi§mnusSrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati¦ RBmTaMgBiPakSaGMBIkarelIkrUbPaBCak;Esþgénkar
rMelaPsiTi§mnusS rW vibtiþTaMgLaykñúgsgÁm nigkñúgCIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaCn .
karpþl;GMnacdl;RKUbeRgon ³ karsMrbsMrYlkarpþl;GMnacdl;RKUbeRgontamry³karbNþúHbNþalRKU nigmeFüa)aydéTeTot nwgbgálkçN³eGayRKUGac
beRgontamviFIsaRsþfµI nig begáIt)anbriyakasbeRgonRbesIrCagmun . \Ti§Blrbs;
RKUbeRgonRtUvEtmanTMnak;TMngCamYynwg {rebobrbbeFIVkargarEdlmanlkçN³RbesIr
Cagmun ehIymansµartIykcitþTukdak;dl;lT§plénkarbeRgon} . karpþl;GMnacenH
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lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS XV sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

k¾manrYmbBa©Úlkarpþl;karbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³EpñkGb;rMsiTi§mnusS nigkarelIkTwkcitþ
dl;karbeRgonsiTi§mnusSpgEdr .
xøwmsarénkarGb;rMsiTi§mnusS ³ BRgIkvisalPaBénkarGb;rMsiTi§mnusS
edaybBa©ÚlbBaðamYycMnYndUcCa {eKalKMnitGMBIneya)ayrbs;rdæ nigGnþrTMnak;TMngrvagsniþPaB karGPivDÆ brisßan bBaðaePT Catisasn_ nigbBaðadéTeTot CamYysiTi§mnusS [dUcCaq½RténKMnitd¾FMmYy¬TsSn³ payong¦ } ¬3¦ .
n

enATIbBa©b;énsikçasala sikçakam)anyl;RsbkñúgkarGPivDÆesovePAlMENnaM
karbeRgonsiTi§mnusSkñúgGnutMbn; .
sikçasalasIþBIkarbNþúHbNþalsakl,g karGb;rMsiTi§mnusSRbcaMGasIuGaeKñy_
BIéf¶ 26-29 emsa 1999 enATIRkug)alI RbeTs\NÐÚensIu ¬4¦ )anRtUverobcMeLIg
bnÞab;BIsikçasalaenAs‘Yr:a)ay:a (Surabaya) . vKÁbNþúHbNþalenHmanrebobvar³dUc
xageRkam ³
eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS nigckçúvis½y EdlBinitüeLIgvijnUvbBaða nigsßan
PaBsiTi§mnusS RbvtiþsaRsþCati nigkgVl;siTi§mnusStamRkum ¬dUcCa RkumRsIþ kumar
CnCatiPaKtic -l-¦ .
karGb;rMsiTi§mnusS nigkmµviFIsikSaEdlrYmbBa©Úl ³
1> kMEnlMGkargarGb;rMsiTi§mnusS .
2> karBiPakSaelItYnaTIsalaeronkñúgkarelIkkMBs;siTi§mnusSkñúgsgÁm .
3> karerobKMeragKaMRTsiTi§mnusS ¬edayRKU nig sisS¦ nig
4> karGPivDÆKMrUkmµviFIsikSasMrab;Gb;rMsiTi§mnusS .
viFIsaRsþbeRgonEdlTak;TgnwgkarerobcMlMENnaMkarbeRgon esovePA
emeron nigesovePARKU .
ynþkarpSBVpSay lT§plsikçasala ¬enAkñúg nigeRkARbB½n§salaeron¦ .
rgVaytMélkmµviFI nigskmµPaBGb;rMsiTi§mnusS .
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sikçakam)ancUlrYmkñúgkarbeRgonfñak;niTsSn_ enAkñúgviTüal½ysaFarN³
kñúgTIRkug)alI edIm,Isakl,gKMrUemeronEdl)anerobcMkñúgsikçasala . enATIbBa©b;sikçakam)anyl;RsbelIkareFVIskmµPaBbnþEdlnwg {begIátbNþaj RBmTaMgbnþkar
CYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkenAlMdab;fñak;Cati}. BYkeKRBmeRBogKñaelIskmµPaBdUcteTA ³
erobcMsikçasalasMenr ¬vKÁsMenr¦ sMrab;GñksMrbsMrYl .
GPivDÆesovePAlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiT§mi nusSsMrab;Gkñ sMrbsMrYl ehIynigRKU
beRgon ¬5¦.
nn

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS XVI sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

sikçakam)anTTYlsÁal;tMélrbs;vKÁsMenr edaycat;TukfavaCameFüa)ay
mYysMrab;EklMGbMninkñúgsMenrlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS .
sikçasalaenA s‘Ur:a)ay:a bgðajy:agTUlMTUlayGMBItMrUvkarkarbNþúHbNþalGMBI
karGPivDÆlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS enAeBlEdlsikçakameFVItaragkarGPivDÆ
sMPar³beRgonsiTi§mnusSsMrab;RKUbeRgon EdlCavis½ymYyTamTarkMEnlMG. mü:ag
eTot vKÁbNþúHbNþalenA)alI )anbegIátdMNak;kaledIm,IerobcMskmµPaBbNþúHbNþal
eGayRsbtamdMNak;kalenaH .
RbtiPUBIRbeTs\NÐÚensIu PIlIBIn nigéf )anerobcMEpnkarkmµviFIvKÁsMenr
GasIuGeKñy_ .
sikçakamcMnYn 26 rUb EdlmansmasPaBCaRKUbeRgon GñkRsavRCavkargar
Gb;rM GñkGPivDÆkmµviFI nigbuKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)almkBIRbeTskm<úCa \NÐÚensIu
m:aeLsIu PIlIBIn éf nig evotNam )anmkCYbCMuKñaenARbeTsPIlIBIn kalBIéf¶TI 19
dl; 27 mifuna qñaM 2001 edIm,IcUlrYmsikçasalavKÁsMenrGasIuGaeKñy_sþIBIkar
GPivDÆlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS (SEA Writeshop) ¬6¦.
vtßúbMngTUeTArbs;vKÁsMenrGasIuGaeKñy_ KW {GPivDÆn_lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiT§i
mnusSsMrab;salaeronenAGasIuGaeKñy_}.
vKÁsMenrenH manvtßúbMngCak;lak;dUcxageRkam ³
cgRkgckçúvis½y nigebskkmµénkarGb;rMsiTi§mnusSenAGasuIGaeKñy_ .
BinitüeLIgvijbTdæan nig eKalkarN_siTi§mnusSedIm,IkMnt;eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusSsMxan;²sMrab;karGb;rMmUldæan .
BinitürkTMnak;TMngrvagsiTi§mnusS nigvb,Fm’enAGasIuGaeKñy_ edIm,ICYybk
RsayeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusSeTAkñúgÉksarGb;rM.
bNþúHbNþalnUvviFIpSarP¢ab;lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS eTAnwgkmµviFIsikSa
EdlmanRsab;bc©úb,nñ .
kMnt;yuT§viFIepSg² edIm,IbRBa¢absiTi§mnusSeTAkñúgkmµviFIGb;rMkñúgsalacMeNH
TUeTA .
kMnt;kmµviFIskmµPaBeRkA nig kñúgsala nig¼rW skmµPaBsiTi§mnusStam
shKmn_ .
erobcMKMeragskmµPaBCayuT§saRsþkñúgkarGMBavnavkñúgRkbx½NÐtMbn; esIñsMu

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lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS XVII sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

eGaymankarGb;rMsiT§imnusS .
BRgwgcMngTak;TgrvagbNþaGñkGb;rMsiTi§mnusSkñúgsalaeronGasIuGaeKñy_.
kñúgry³eBl 9 éf¶ sikçakam)anbMeBjskmµPaBtamkmµviFIdUcxageRkam ³
BinitüeLIgvijkmµviFIGb;rMsiTi§mnusS eKalkarN_siTi§mnusS rebobGb;rMsiTi§mnusS yuT§viFI nig viFIsaRsþ ehIynigcgRkgckçúvis½y nigebskkmµkñúgkar
Gb;rMsiTi§mnusSrbs;GñkGb;rMBIbNþaRbeTssmaKmRbCaCatiGasIuGaeKñy_(ASEAN) .
sresrlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS .
beRgonbgðajtamlMENnaMEdl)ansresr .
eFVIKMeragEpnkarskmµPaBGnuvtþbnþ .
sikçakam)ansresrKMeragkmµviFIGb;rMsiTi§mnusS niglMENnaMkarbeRgontam
RbeTserog²xøÜn . GñkTaMgenaHk¾)anyl;RsbnwgsMenIeGaymankare)aHBum<pSay
ehIynigkarTTYlr:ab;rgbNþúHbNþalviFIeRbIR)as;esovePAenaHpg .
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CabnþbnÞab;BIenaHmk KN³kmµkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;fñak;tMbn;)anRtUverobcMeLIg
edaymansmasPaBCaRbtiPUBIbNþaRbeTsGasIuGaeKñy_cMnYn 6 rUb. KN³kmµkar
BinitüepÞógpÞat;)anbMeBjParkic©dUcxageRkam ³
bMeBjcMnucxVHcenøaHrbs;lMENnaMkarbeRgon nigbEnßmsMenAdéTeTotEdlRtUv
bBa©Úlkñúgkare)aHBum<pSay .
BinitüeLIgvijsMenAcugeRkaykñúgnamCaRkumGñkeroberog .
elIksMenIEpnkarEckpSayÉksare)aHBum<eGaydl;salaeron nigGñkGb;rM
enAbNþaRbeTsGasIuGaeKñy_ .
nnn

KN³kmµkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;)anCYbRbCMuKñaBIrelIkenATIRkug)agkknaqñaM2002.
kic©RbCMu)aneRCIserIslMENnaMkarbeRgonmYycMnYnedIm,Ie)aHBum<pSay BiPakSarkviFI
EklMGsMenATaMgenaH nigBinitüEklMGxøwmsarlMENnaMkarbeRgonnaeBlenaH . eRkay
karRbCMuelIkTI2 ÉksarBRgaglMENnaMkarbeRgon)anRtUvepJIeTAsmaCiknImYy²én
KN³kmµkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;edIm,Ipþl;eyabl; nigENnaM .
GaRs½yedaykgVHeBlevlakñúgkarerobcMBRgaglMENnaMkarbeRgonenAsamI
RbeTs karbeRgonsakl,genAsalabzmsikSa )anRtUveFVIeLIgEtenARbeTskm<úCa
mYyb:ueNÑaH . salaeronenARbeTsdéT )anRtUvbiTTVarsMrakvisSmkal ¬emsa ]sPa 2003¦. dUcenHkarbeRgonsakl,gminGacRbRBwtþeTA)an . eTaHCay:aglMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS XVIII sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

Nak¾eday k¾elakGñkRKUenARbeTséf)aneqøót»kasBinitülMENnaMkarbeRgonenH
pgEdr .
sMenAcugeRkayénlMENnaMkarbeRgonEdl)anRtUvbBa¢ÚnRtLb;vij mancMnar
pþl;eyabl; nigsMnUmBrmYycMnYnBIsmaCikRkumBinitü . karRbCMuBiPakSad¾sMxan;mYy
kñúgry³eBlxøI )anRtUverobcMeLIg edIm,IBiPakSabEnßmelIeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusSCak;lak; . lMnaMskmµPaBxagelI )anbMeBjvdþénshRbtibtiþkarrvagbNþaGñkGb;rMenA
GasIuGaeKñy_kñúgkarGPivDÆÉksarlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS. vdþfIµénkic©sh
Rbtibtiþkar )anRtUvkMnt;cab;BIeBlEdlÉksarlMENnaM)anRtUve)aHBum<rYc . bnÞab;BIenaH vdþénkarERbsMrYlÉksarenH CaPasaCatirbs;RbeTs nImYy²nwgRtUverobcMeLIg
ehIykarbNþúHbNþalRKUbegÁal k¾RtUvmandMenIrkarpgEdr . enHCaCMhanmYyeTot
eq<aHeTArkkarelIkkMBs;karGb;rMsiTi§mnusSenAGasIuGeKñy_ .
kMnt;sMKal;¬1¦ KN³kmµaFikarCati\NÐÚeNsIuedIm,IsiTi§mnusS (KOMNASHAM) mCÄmNÐl
edIm,IkarsikSasiTi§mnusS nigsklviTüal½y s‘Ur:a)ay:a ¬TIRkugs‘Ur:a)ay:a/RbeTs\NÐÚeNsIu¦ nigmCÄmNÐlBt’mansiTi§mnusSGasIu)a:sIuhVic (HURIGHTSOSAKA) )anshkarKñaerobcMvKÁBieRKaHeyabl;enH .
¬2¦ mansikçakamenARbeTskm<úCa/ \NÐÚeNsIu/ m:aeLsIu/ PIlIBIn/ nigevot Nam .
¬3¦ (payong) CaBaküm:aeLsIu mann½yfa {q½Rt} . cMeBaHr)aykarN_Bisþarbs;vKÁ
BieRKaHeyabl;enH sUmGeBa¢IjemIl www.hurighs.or.jp/database/E/98¬4¦

wsrpt/chapter2.html
KOMNASHAM,
HURIGHTS OSAKAmCÄmNÐledIm,IkarsikSasiTi§mnusSénsklviTüal½ys‘Ur:a)anshkarKñamþgeTotkñúgkarerobcMvKÁ
)ay:a nigGgÁkar
bNþúHbNþalenA)alI . vKÁenH)anTTYlkarpÁt;pÁg;fvikaBImUlniFiGasIuedIm,Ikar
GPivDÆsßab½n nigc,ab; (SEAFILD) .
¬5¦ GñkGb;rMBIRbeTskm<úCa \NÐÚeNsIu PIlIBIn éf nigevotNam )ancUlrYmvKÁbNþúH
bNþalenH . cMeBaHr)aykarN_lMGitGMBIvKÁenH sUmGeBa¢IjGan Volume threeof the Human Rights Education in Asian Schools (HURIGHTS OSAKA:
2002) or visit: www.hurights.or.jp/hreas/3/14osaka.htm¬6¦ naykdæanGb;rM¬PIlIBIn¦ KN³kmµaFikarsiTi§mnusS ¬PIlIBIn¦ nig HURIGHTSOSAKA )anrYmKñaerobcMvKÁsMenrGasIuGaeKñy_ (SEA writeshop) . fvikamYy
Epñk)anRtUv]btßmÖeday SEAFILD .
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS XIX sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

karGPivDÆlMENnaMkarbeRgónsiTi§mnusSKUreday ³ Kawin Daengkaew
salabzmsikSa/)agkk/RbeTséf

karGPivDÆlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS
karGPivDÆlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS KWCakic©karsµúKsµajmYy . kic©karenH
TamTareGayRKUrYmbBa©ÚlKñarvagÉksarGb;rMbTdæan CamYynwgkarGnuvtþCak;EsþgnUv
eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS . vapþl;nUvvisalPaBfµImYykñúgkarBiPakSaGMBImuxviC¢aTaMgLaykñúgkmµviFIsikSatamsalaeron .
karerobcMlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusSenAGasuIGaeKñy_manBIrkMrit . kMritTI1
KWsMenrenAkñúgvKÁsMenr (SEA writeshop) qñaM 2001 . kMritTI2 KWkarBinitüeLIgvij
nigeroberogrbs;KN³kmµkarBiinitüepÞógpÞat;fñak;tMbn;enAqñaM 2002. dMenIrkarenAkMrit
nImYy² manlkçN³xusEbøkBIKña .
dMenIrkarvKÁsMenr
dMenIrkarkñúgkarGPivDÆlMENnaMkarbeRgonenAvKÁsMenr manlMdab;sMxan;²BIrKW
karerobcMKMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusS nigkarsresrlMENnaMkarbeRgon .
KMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusSerobrab;RtYs²GMBIkmµviFIGb;rMsiTi§mnusS ry³eBl
eRcInqñaM nigeRcInmuxvIC¢a . KMeragkmµviFIsikSaenH mansmasPaBcMbgbI KWbBaða
¬cMenaT¦ eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS nigKuNtMél . enAkñúgvKÁsMenr (SEA writeshop)
RbtiPUénbNþaRbeTscUlrYm )ansresrKMeragkmµviFIsikSaenAsalabzmsikSa nig
mFümsikSarbs;xøÜn . KMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusSTaMgenHmanTMrg;kMenIn erobrab;BIcMenaTbBaðaeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS nigKuNtMélBIlMdab;xøÜnÉgeTARKYsar shKmn_
RbeTs tMbn; nigCaTIbBa©b;dl;lMdab;BiPBelak . tamrebobenH cMenaTbBaða nigeKal
KMnitsiTi§mnusSk¾manlkçN³kan;EteRCAeTA² eTAtam {v½y} rbs;kumar . lMdab;¬xøÜnÉg RKYsar shKmn_ RbeTs tMbn; BiPBelak¦ manlkçN³smRsbtamkMritfñak;
nImYy² . kMritbzmsikSaGacTTYlykBIlMdab;xøÜnÉg dl;lMdab;RbeTs kMritmFüm
sikSaGacTTYlyklMdab;hYsBIenH .
lMENnaMTUeTA KWcMenaTbBaðaTaMgLayRtUvsmRsmnwgkMriténkarGPivDÆ nig
bTBiesaFrbs;kumar. eKGacmankaryl;cMenaTbBaðamYyxusKña enAkMritfñak;xusKña .
cMenaTbBaðaTaMgLayk¾GacRsedogKñaeRcInenAkMritfñak;xusKñaEdr . cMenaTbBaðaelIkar
GPivDÆ nigbrisßan Ca]TahrN_ GacRtUvKñanwgkMritshKmn_k¾dUcCakMrit;RbeTs nig
tMbn; . ehtuenHKµancegáamcMenaTbBaðaNamYy P©ab;edayELkEtÉgenAkMritNa
mYyeT .
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 3 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

karsMercelIkykcMenaTbBaðaTaMgLayBwgEp¥kelIesckIþsMerccitþrbs;GñkerobcMKMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusS .
KuNtMélsñÚl sMedAelIkenSamKuNtMélEdlkmµviFIsikSadak;eGaysiisSeron .
KuNtMélTaMgenH Gac)anRtUvdkRsg;ecjBIemeronsIlFm’BlrdæviC¢a nigmuxviC¢aBak;B½n§déTeTotenAkñúgkmµviFIsikSa . karsÁal;KuNtMélTaMgenHmansar³sMxan;kñúg
karP¢ab;KMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusSeTAnwgkmµviFIsikSacMenHTUeTA . KuNtMélGac
RsedogKñanwgKuNtMélenAkñúgvb,Fm’ sgÁmFm’ sasna sµartIrbs;RbeTsTaMgLay
enAGasIuGaeKñy_ .
dUcenHKMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusS KWCameFüa)aymYykñúgkareFVIEpnkarkmµviFIGb;rMsiTi§mnusSTaMgmUlcUleTAkñúgsalabzmsikSa nigmFümsikSa . vapþl;nUv
lMENnaM elIviFIbgðajeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusSenAkMritfñak;nImYy² . KMeragkmµviFIsikSa
siTi§mnusSnwgpþl;dl;elakGñkRKUbeRgon nigbuKÁlikrdæ)al nUvTsSnvis½yGMBIviFI
beRgoneKalKMnitsiTi§mnusSenAkñúgkmµviFIsikSabc©úb,nñ .
KMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusSEdlmanlkçN³eBjelj GacrYmbBa©ÚlnUvbNþa
muxviC¢aBak;B½n§EdlRtUvKñanwgcMenaTbBaðaeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS nigKuNtMélnanatam
kMritfñak;nImYy² .
bnÞab;BIkarbBa©b;KMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusSCMhanfµI KWkarGPivDÆlMENnaMkar
beRgonsiTi§mnusS ¬emeronsMrab;RKU¦ .
edIm,IeGaykarGb;rMsiTi§mnusSmankarpSarP¢ab;eTAnwgCIvPaBrs;enAral;éf¶rbs;
sisS CMhandMbUgkñúgkarGPivDÆemeronsMrab;RKU KWkarkMnt;rkcMenaTbBaðaTaMgLayEdl
ekItmaneRcIn b¤ ticcMeBaHsisS . sMnYrenARtg;fa {etIcMenaTbBaðaGVIEdlsisSCYbCa
RbcaM rW GacCYbenAkñúgCIvPaBral;éf¶?} . cMelIycMeBaHsMnYrenH manPaBxusKñaBIsisS
enAkMritfñak;mYyeTAkMritfñak;mYyeTot BIsalaeronmYyeTAsalaeronmYyeTot BIsßan
PaBrs;enAmYyeTAsßanPaBrs;enAmYyeTot . dUcenH cMenaTbBaðaEdl)anRtUvelIk
eLIgenAemeronsMrab;RKU manPaBxusKñaeTAtamkMritfñak; .
tamTsSnvis½yfñak;Cati sMnYrxagelIGac)anRtUveqøIytamry³karBinitüeLIg
vijcMenaTbBaðaTaMgLayEdlkMBugekItmaneTAtamRbeTsnImYy² . cMelIyTaMgLay
GacerobtamlMdab; BIPaBRkIRk eTAkareRbIR)as;fñaMejón eTAGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar .
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 4 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

enAkñúgvKÁsMenr (SEA writeshop) RbtiPUBIbNþaRbeTsenAGasIuGaeKñy_ TaMg6)anelIkeLIgnUvcMenaTbBaðaCaeRcIn EdlmanlkçN³dUcKña dUcCakarrMelaPsiTi§mnusS
siT§ikumar ¬rYmTaMgBlkmµkumar¦/ karRbkan;BUCsasn_/ karerIseGIgePT nig vNÑ³/
higSakñúgRKYsar/ kareRbIR)as;fñaMejón/ karbMpøajbrisßan/ vibtiþsuxPaB nigPaBRkIRk .
cMenaTbBaðaTaMgenH )anRtUvemIleXIjTaMgenAkñúgbribTmUldæan TaMgkñúgsßanPaB
enAGasIuGaeKñy_ .
smasPaKTI2 enAkñúgkarGPivDÆemeronsiTi§mnusSsMrab;RKU KWkarpSarP¢ab;eTAnwg
kmµviFIsikSabc©úb,nñ . tMrUvkarcaM)ac; KWkarpSarP¢ab;xøwmsarkñúgemeronsMrab;RKUeTAnwgmux
viC¢akñúgkmµviFIsikSa ehIyebIkTUlaykarbeRgonenAmuxviC¢aBak;B½n§ .
TnÞwmnwgkaremIleXIjfacMenaTbBaðasiTi§mnusSmanlkçN³smRsbnwgmuxviC¢a
viTüasaRsþsgÁm ¬RbvtiþviTüa/ Pasa/ sikSasgÁm/ sIlFm’/ nigesdækic©¦ k¾man
ninñakarmYynaeBlbc©úb,nñ kñúgkareRbIR)as;muxviC¢aKNitviTüa nigviTüasaRsþ FmµCati
edIm,IbMeBjbMngxagelIpgEdr . ehtuenHemeronsMrab;RKUGacRKbdNþb;esIÞrRKb;mux
viC¢a rYmTaMgmuxviC¢aGb;rMkaykñúgkmµviFIsikSapgEdr .
enAkñúgvKÁsMenr (SEA writeshop) RbtiPUBIRbeTsmYy )anrab;bBa©ÚlmuxviC¢a
CIvviTüa viTüasaRsþ nigsuxPaB kñúgbMerIbMras;emeronsiTi§mnusSsMrab;RKUrbs;eKpgEdr .
skmµPaBeRkAfñak; )anRtUvrab;bBa©ÚlenAkñúgkarGnuvtþeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusSEdl)aneronenAkñúgfñak; . dUcenHskmµPaBsißtkñúgEpñkmYyénemeronsiT§imnusSsMrab;RKU .
KuNtMélsñÚlBak;B½n§ Edl)anRtUvbgðajenAkñúgKMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusS)anRtUvdak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgemeronsMrab;RKUpgEdr . KuNtMélTaMgenH)anRtUvsnµt
faCaxøwmsarKMrUenAkñúgmuxviC¢aTaMgLaykñúgkmµviFIsikSa. karkMnt;rkKuNtMélsñÚl
Bak;B½n§ manbMngBRgwgkarpSarP¢ab;rvagemeronsiTi§mnusSsMrab;RKU eTAnwgkmµviFIsikSa
enAsalaeron . karBiPakSaGMBIcMenaTbBaðaehIynigeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusSBak;B½n§manlkçN³kan;EtgayRsYlcMeBaHRKU enAeBlkarBiPakSaenaHpSarP¢ab;nwgKuNtMél
TaMgLayEdlRtUv)anbBa©ÚlkñúgmuxviC¢aerog²xøÜn .
dMenIrkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;fñak;tMbn;
edIm,IFanaKuNPaB PaBsMrbsMrYl nigbMerIbMras;TUlMTUlayénemeronsMrab;RKU
enAbNþaRbeTsGasIuGaeKñy_ KN³kmµkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;fñak;tMbn;)anRtUvbegIáteLIg
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 5 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

edIm,IbMeBjParkic©dUcxag eRkam ³
k> erobcMbBa©b;kMrgemeronRKU nigsMeNAdéTeTotEdlRtUvbBa©ÚleTAkñúgkare)aH
Bum<pSay .
x> BinitüepÞógpÞat;sMenAcugeRkayeLIgvijkñúgnamKN³kmµkareroberog .
K> eFVIesckIþsMerccitþelIKMeragEpnkarEbgEckÉksare)aHBum<eTAGñkGb;rM ¼
salaeronenAGasuIGaeKñy_ .
KN³kmµkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;)anRBmeRBogkñúgkarcab;eRbIR)as;lMENnaMTUeTAdUc
xageRkam ³
1> KMeragkmµviFIsikSa (Curricular Framework)
KMeragkmµviFIsiT§imnusSmUldæansMrab;kMritbzmsikSa nigmFümsikSaEdl)an
cab;eRbIR)as;kñúgvKÁsMenr (SEA writeshop) )anRtUveRbIR)as;kñúgkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;emeronRKUeLIgvij. emeronsMrab;RKUTaMgbu:nµan mansMrab;salabzmsikSa nig
mFümsikSa. cMeBaHsalabzmsikSamanemeronRKUfñak;bzmkMritTab nigbzmkMrit
x<s;. dUcKñaenHEdr manemeronRKUfñak;mFümsikSabzmPUmi nigmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi.
RbB½n§EbbenH pþl;PaBTn;Pøn;kñúgkareRbIemeronRKUkñúgkMritnImYy². kareRbIemeron
RKUERbRbYleTAtamniymn½yénbzmsikSakMritTabnigkMritx<s; ehIynigmFümsikSa
enAkñúgRbeTs . KN³kmµkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;k¾)anTTYlsÁal;pgEdrfa emeronRKUkMrit
bzmsikSa GacRtUveRbIenAkMritmFümsikSa .
2> TMrg;emeron (Lesson Plan Format)
TMrg;emeronRKUEdl)ancab;eRbIR)as;kñúgvKÁsMenr (SEA writeshop) )anRtUv
rkSaTukkñúgeBlBinitüepÞógpÞat;eLIgvij nigeroberogsMenAemeronRKU. emeronRKUeKarB
tamviFIsaRsþ 4A (Activity, Analysis, Abstraction and Application) KWskmµPaB
karBiPakSa ¬viPaK¦ GrUbIkmµ nigkarRbtibtiþ. b:uEnþcMeBaHemeronRKUkMritbzmsikSa
cMngeCIgrgEdlniyayBIskmµPaBkarBiPakSa ¬viPaK¦ nigGrUbIkmµ min)anRtUvrMelc
eGayeXIjeT edIm,IIeGayRKUemIlemeroneXIjgayRsYl .
enAcugbBa©b;énTMrg;emeronRKU manEpñkbEnßmxøHedIm,ICYyeGaycMenaTbBaða nig
eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusSmanlkçN³c,as;las;. sUmemIl]bsm<½n§1 enAcugbBa©b;én
TMrg;emeronRKU .
kMNt;sMKal;enAxagedImemeronRKU Bnül;edaysegçbGMBIcMenaTbBaða k¾dUcCa
siTi§mnusSEdlTak;TgnwgcMenaTbBaðaenaH. kMnt;sMKal;enaHsgát;F¶n;elIsar³sMxan;
rbs;cMenaTbBaðanigsiTi§mnusS ehIynigkarBak;B½n§rbs;vacMeBaHsisS. kMnt;sMKal;lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 6 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

mYyeTotenAxagcugemeronRKU pþl;esckIþBnül; rWBt’manbEnßmTak;TgnwgsiTi§mnusS.
KN³kmµkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;)anbBa¢ak;fa EpñkepSg²énemeronRKUmanlkçN³RsbKñaBI
mYyeTAmYyeTot .
3> cMenaTbBaða (Issues)cMenaTbBaðaTaMgLayenAkñúgemeronRKU)anRtUvkMnt;eLIg edaykareRbIR)as;
KMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusSrbs;vKÁsMenr (SEA writeshop). cMenaTbBaðaEdlman
lkçN³rYm kñúgbNþaKMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusSrbs;RbeTsTaMg6 )anRtUvrYmbBa©Úl
CamYycMenaTbBaðaEdleKKitfa RtUvKñaCaTUeTAnwgGnutMbn; .
emeronRKUnImYy²epþateTAelIcMenaTbBaðaEtmYy EdlGacBak;B½n§eRcInbMputeTA
nwgeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusSmYy .
4> eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS (Human Rights Concepts)
eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS)anRtUvbgðajkñúgTMrg;Ca k¼maRtaedIménÉksarsiT§i
mnusSGnþrCati ¬manenAkñúgbBa¢IÉksareyagrbs;emeronRKU¦ x¼xøwmsarsegçbgay
yl;kñúgEpñk {GrUbIkmµ} énemeronRKU K¼kMnt;sMKal;cugeRkay énemeronRKU ¬kñúgkrNI
mYycMnYn¦. edIm,IeFVIeGayeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusSBak;B½n§eTAnwgRbB½n§c,ab;kñúgRbeTs
maRtaTaMgLayénrdæFmµnuBaØnigc,ab;rdæk¾)anRtUverobrab;kñúgn½yTUeTA. elakGñkRKU
GacbEnßmc,ab;kñúgRbeTs EdlBak;B½n§enAeBleRbIR)as;emeronRKU.
emeronRKUepþatelIÉksarsiTi§mnusSbI KWesckIþRbkasCasklsIþBIsiT§imnusS
rbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati GnusBaØasIþBIsiTi§kumar nigGnusBaØaRbqaMgkarerIseGIg
kñúgvis½yGb;rM . xøwmsarÉksarsiTi§mnusSdéTeTot )anRtUvdkRsg;dak;kñúgemeron
RKUmYycMnYn .
5> lkçN³énemeronRKU (Character of the Lesson Plans)
CaTUeTAemeronRKUGacRtUvGnuvtþcMeBaHbribTGasIuGaeKñy_ ehIymanlkçN³
Tn;Pøn;cMeBaHkarsMrbsMrYleTAtamkmµviFIsikSaCati nigsßanPaBGb;rMCati. erOgr:avTaMg
Lay GtßbTdkRsg; nigXøal,HdéTeTotkñúgemeronRKU )anRtUvsresrCaPasa
samBaØkñúgn½yTUeTAedIm,IeFVIeGayemerongayRsYlsMrbsMrYleTAtamRbeTsNamYy
enAGasIuGaeKñy_ .
emeronRKUniImYy² )anRtUverobcMsMrab;mYyem:agsikSaEdlmanry³eBlBI40 eTA
50 naTI. ry³eBlGnuvtþCak;EsþgsMrab;emeronRKU GackMNt;tamRbB½n§pøÚvkarenA
RbeTsnImYy².
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 7 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

6> GñkniBn§
edIm,ICameFüa)ayeFVIeGayemeronRKUGacsMrbsMrYl)aneTAnwgRbeTsNamYy
kñúgGasIuGaeKñy_ eQµaHGñkniBn§ nigeQµaHRbeTs min)anRtUvelIkeLIgeTenAkñúgemeron
RKUnImYy² . taragrayeQµaHGñkniBn§ ¬sikçakamkñúgvKÁsMenr¦ mandak;kñúgEpñkesckþIbEnßménÉksarenH .
KN³kmµkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;)aneFVIkargary:agsVitsVaj nigKitKUry:agl¥itl¥n;
elIlMENnaMkñúgemeronRKUTaMgLayrbs;ÉksarenH .
karsakl,gcugeRkayelIemeronRKUTaMgenH)anGnuvtþkñúgfñak;eron. edayehtu
fa emeronsiTi§mnusSsMrab;RKU)anRtUveRbICaÉksarENnaM elakGñkRKUGacEksMrYl
nigEklMGemeronTaMgenH)an. KN³kmµkarerobcMkare)aHBum<pSayrg;caMTTYlmti
cUlrYm .

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 8 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

]bsm<½nTI1TMrg;emeronsiTi§mnusSsMrab;RKU
1- kMnt;sMKal; ³ karBnül;BIcMenaTbBaðaCamUlehturbs;emeronRKU .
2- cMngeCIg ³ ¬cMngeCIgemeron/ kMritsikSa/ muxviC¢a/ eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS/
ry³eBl¦.
3- vtßúbMNg ³ karsikSasiT§imnusS KWCavtßúbMngcugeRkay.
4- RbPB³ dMnkRsgmaRtasiTi§mnusSCak;lak; .
5- sMPar³ ³ sMPar³eRbIR)as;enAeBlbeRgon )anRtUveronrab;edayELk² .
6- dMeNIrkarénkarbeRgon ¬lMnaMbeRgón¦ ³k>lMnaMepIþm ³ Bt’manxøI²naMeTArkkarbMeBjskmµPaB ¬cMerog/ GtßbTdk
Rsg;/ karerobrab;/ sMnYr -l- ¦ .
x>lMnaMGPivDÆ ³ kic©karCaRkum ¼ lMhat;Cab;Tak;TgnwgcMenaTbBaðasiTi§mnusS
nigcMngeCIgemeron .
kic©kar ¼ lMhat; KYrmansmasPaK 4 ³{xøwmsar}{lMnaM}
kgVl; ¬KuNtMél ¼ \riyabf¦³
viPaKmUlehtu ¬cMenHdwg¦³
viPaK
eKalKMnit ¬cMenHdwg¦³
GrUbIkmµ¼TUeTAnIykmµkarrYmviPaKTan ¬bMnin¦³
karRbtibtiþ
K> bBa©b; ³ srubxwømsarrbs;emeronRKU
7> kic©kareFIVenApÞH ³ enHCaEpñksMrab;eRCIserIsénemeronRKU .
8> rgVaytMél ³ CalMENnaMelIviFIvaytMéllMnaMkarbeRgonTaMgmUl rWenAEpñkepSg²
rbs;emeronRKU.
9> kMnt;sMKal;GMeBIemeron ³ KWBt’manbEnßmGMBIeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusSEdl)anBiPakSa
enAkñúgemeronRKU .

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 9 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

]bsm<½n§TI2
emeronsiTi§mnusSsMrab;RKUbzmsikSa¬bBaðasiTi§mnusSrbs;emeron - esckIþepIþmGMBIsar³sMxan;énbBaðasiTi§mnusS
rbs;emeronRKY¦ .
cMngeCIg³
kMrit³
bzmsikSa
muxviC¢a³
eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS ³
ry³eBl³
mYyem:agsikSa
I vtßúbMng
II sMPar³ ¼ Éksar
III dMeNIkarénkarbeRgon ¬lMnaMbeRgón¦k- lMnaMepIþm
x- lMnaMGPivDÆn_K- karbBa©b;
IV- rgVaytMél
kMnt;sMKal;GMBIeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS .

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 10 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

]bsm<½n§TI3
emeronsiTi§mnusSsMrab;RKUmFümsikSa¬bBaðasiTi§mnusSrbs;emeron - esckIþepþImGMBIsar³sMxan;énbBaðasiTi§mnusS
rbs;emeronRKU¦
cMngeCIgkMrit³
mFümsikSa
muxviC¢a³
eKalKMnitsiT§imnusS ³
ry³eBl³
mYyem:agsikSa
I- vtßúbMng
II- sMPar³ ¼ Éksar
III- lMnaMbeRgon
k- lMnaMepIþm
x- lMnaMGPivDÆn_ ¬karGPivDÆn_skmµPaB¦ ³
1- skmµPaBcMnUlbBað
2- karviPaK
3- GrUbIkmµ
4- karRbtibtiþ
5- esckþIbBa©b;
IV- rgVaytMél
V- kic©kareFVIenApÞH
kMnt;sMKal;GMBIeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS .

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 11 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

karbeRgónsakl,gemeronsiT§imnusS
enAsalaeronKMrU kñúgTIRkugm:anILa RbeTshVIlIBIn

KMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusS- RbeTskm<Cú a- RbeTs \NÐeÚ NsIu
- RbeTs m:aeLsIu- RbeTs PIlIBIn- RbeTséf- RbeTsevotNam

RbeTskm<úCa
kMritfñak; Rkbx½NÐkmµviFI cMenaTbBaða
eKalKMnit KuNtMélsMxan;²
sikSasiT§imnusS
siTi§mnusS7xøÜnÉg -eKalKMnit {kar -siTi§kumar-smPaB
GPivDÆ}-siTi§TTYlkar -karRslaj;sa-siT§inigkareKarB Gb;rM
laeronGñkdéT-siTi§kñúgkar
-TMnukcitþelIxøÜn
-karrM e laPsi T i § GPivDÆskþa
Ég
mnusS
nuBlrbs;xøÜn -TMnYlxusRtUv-karRKb;RKg -siTi§manbuKÁl -kareKarBxøÜnÉg
sß a nPaBcM e naT PaB
bBaða
8
GñkdéT -TM n ak; T M n grbs; -karminerIseGIg -mnusSFm’
mnusS-smPaB-PaBKYrsm-karerIseGIg -si T i § r Y c pu t BI k ar -PaBCitsñiT§-GcriyaFm’
erIseGIg-sb,úrsFm’-karEckrMElk -karRbRBw t þ k ñ ú g -karEckrMElk
nig karEfTaM sµartIbgb¥Ún-siT§isniþsuxsgÁm
-smPaB
9shKmn_-siTi§kñúgkarcUl -karcUlrYm-siTi§ nigTMnYlxus rYm-karécñRbDit
RtUv-siTi§sgÁm-TMnYlxusRtUv-karGPivDÆ
-siTi§esdækic© -kareKarBc,ab;-brisßan
-karsMerccitþRtwm
-kareKarBc,ab; RtUv
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 15 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

kMritfñak; Rkbx½NÐkmµviFI cMenaTbBaða
eKalKMnit KuNtMélsMxan;²
sikSasiT§imnusS
siTi§mnusS
10
RbeTs -PaBRkIRk-siT§isgÁm
-karRslaj;Cati-Gsniþsux
-siTi§Blrdæ
-shRbtibtiþkar
-siT§i nigTMnYlxus - siTi§neya)ay -TMnYlxusRtUv
RtUvrbs;RbCaCati-kareKarBc,ab;-samKÁIPaB
11
RbeTs -vb,Fm’ nig siTi§ -si T i § e dI m ,I e srI -mnsikar
mnusS
PaBsasna -esckþIesµaHRtg;-karBüa)alCMgW -esrI P aBkñ ú g kar -TMnYlxusRtUvcitþCnrgeRKaH niyaysIþ
-reboberobry
edaykarrMelaP -smPaBenAcM
siTi§
eBaHmuxc,ab;nig
TTYlkarkarBar
GMBIc,ab;
12
tMbn;-tMbn;PavUubnIy -siTi§mansNþab; -TMnYlxusRtUv
nigBiPBelak kmµ
Fñ a b; s gÁ m ni g -sµartIebIkTUlay-sklPavUubnIy GnþrCati-shRbtibtþikar
kmµ-krNI y ki c © c M -kareKarB nigRs
eBaHsi T § i s h laj;BlkmµKmn_ n i g karkM
ritRBMEdnsiT§i-GMeBIRbqaMgsiTi§
NamYykñúgesc
kIþRbkasCa
sklminEmn
CasiTi§eTlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 16 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

RbeTs\NÐÚeNsIu
kMritfñak; Rkbx½NÐkmµviFI cMenaTbBaða
eKalKMnit KuNtMélsMxan;²
sikSasiTi§mnusS
siT§imnusS1xøÜnÉg -kgVHGaharUbtßmÖ -siTi§manCIvit -karRslaj; nig-karmi n ykci t þ -siT§mi ansuxPaB EfTaM
Tukdak;rbs; -siTi§TTYlkarkar -karkarBarrbs;«Bukmþay
Bar
RKYsar nigsgÁm
2
RKYsar - GMeBIhigSakñúgRKY -siTi§TTYlkarkar -karEfTaM nigkar
sarcMeBaHkumar Bar
Büa)alnigRsIþ
-siTi§TTYlkarBüa -esckI þ é fø f ñ Ú r Ca- TNÐkmµpøÚvkay )almnusS
kñúgRKYsar- GRtamrN³x<s;
rbs;kumar3
shKmn_ -sßanPaBTMnas; -siTi§rbs;CnCati -smPaBnigyutiþ
- TMnas;kñúgbNþa edIm
Fm’
RkumCnCati -siT§icUlrYmkñúg -esckI þ é fø f ñ Ú r Ca
karGPivDÆ
mnusS
Canirnþr_-nanaPaB
4
RbeTs - eRKaHFmµCatiRb -siTi§manCIvit -brisßanFmµCati
caMqñaM-siTi§mansnþisux l¥-kgVHkarGb;rMcM sgÁm-esckI þ é fø f ñ Ú r Ca
eBaHCnCatiedIm -siTi§TTYlkar mnusS
Gb;rM-smPaBnigyutiþ
-siTi§rbs;CnFm’GenþaRbevsn_
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 17 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

kMritfñak; Rkbx½NÐkmµviFI cMenaTbBaða
eKalKMnit KuNtMélsMxan;²
sikSasiTi§mnusS
siT§imnusS5
tMbn;- karbMBulbrisßan -siTm§i anbrisßanl¥ -brisßanFmµCatil¥
edayfñaMsMlab; -siTi§mansuxPaB -karRslaj;
stVli¥t-karEfTaM-PaBRkIRkelIs -siTi§bMeBjtMrUv -esckI þ é fø f ñ Ú r Ca
lubenAtMbn;Rkug karcaM)ac;
mnusS-siT§ieFVIkargar
nigCnbT
6

BiPBelak- karerIseGIgBUC -siTi§esµIPaB-siTi§mansmsasn_- karerIseGIgePT PaBbursRsIþ
-siTi§RsIþ-ÉkPaBkñ ú g nana
PaB
-smPaB-yutiþFm’lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 18 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

RbeTsm:aeLsIu
kMritfñak; Rkbx½NÐkmµviFI cMenaTbBaða
eKalKMnit KuNtMélsMxan;²
siikSasiT§imnusS
siTi§mnusS
9
shKmn_ -esrI P aBkñ ú g kar -esrIPaBkñúgkar -KMnitBicarNa
beBa©jmti
beBa©jmtieyabl; -famPaB-vb,Fm’énkar -siTi§kñúgkarTTYl -KMnti smehtupl
xøac
Bt’man-PaBkøahan
-kgV H karRtY t -esrIPaBkñúgkar -sµartIRsavRCav
BinitüxøÜnÉg
begIátRkum-KMnitxVHkar
BicarNa
10

11

RbeTs

-karerIseGIg -karminerIseGIg -kareKarB-karRbkan;BUC -smPaB-karyl;sasn_-siTi§rYcputBIkar -karGFüaRs½y-eKalneya)ay erIseGIg-smPaBrbs;rdæman -smPaBePT -samKIÁPaB
PaBlMeGog -smPaB»kas-buernicä½yvb,Fm’-karel¥ógePT
-karerIseGIg
vNÑ³-karerIseGIg
tMbn;

tMbn;
-KMnabvb,Fm’/ -siTi§manesrI -karBi c arNaelI
nigBiPBelak c,ab;nigkardwknaM PaBsasna
KuNtMélCn
-siTi§rkSa
CatiedImnigKuN
vb,Fm’rbs;xøÜn tMélskl

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 19 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

RbeTsPIlIBIn

bzmsikSakMritx<s;bzmsikSakMritTabkMritfñak; Rkbx½NÐkmµviFI cMenaTbBaða
eKalKMnit KuNtMélsMxan;²
siikSasiT§mnusS
siTi§mnusS1xøÜnÉg -karbMBanpøÚvePT -siT§iTTYlkarEf -[tMélxøÜnÉg
TaMnigCMnYy -kareKarBxøÜnÉg
seRgÁaHBiess -esckIþéføfñÚrCa
-siT§iTTYlkarkar mnusS
BarkarbMBanpøÚv
kay
2
RKYsar -karminykcitþ -siT§iTTYlkarEN -karRslaj;
Tukdak;rbs;
naMBI«Bukmþay -karEfTaMkumar«Bukmþay
-karykcitþTuk
-karEbk)ak;RKY
dak;cMeBaHkumar
sar
3
shKmn_ -kgVk;brisßan¬]/ -siT§imanbrisßan -PaBs¥atecalsMramepþs l¥s¥at-karrs;enARbkb
pþas¦-siT§irs;enAsm edaysuxPaB-kgVHCMrksMrab; rmü-PaBÉkCn
Gñk-siT§imanRTBü -PaBkmµsiT§i
kmµsiT§i
4
RbeTs -higSaniymrbs; -siT§iTTYlkar -esckþIéføfñÚrCa
b:UlIscat;TukCamnusS mnusS-CMnYy]btßmÖmin -siT§isnþsi xu sgÁm -karQWq¥alcM
RKb;RKan;cMeBaH -siT§irkSavb,Fm’ eBaHGñkdéT
GñkRkIRk
rbs;xøÜn
-karEfTaMnigkar-karrkSavb,Fm’Bar
RbéBNI-kareKarBekrdMENl-nanaPaBénvb,Fm’lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 20 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

bzmsikSakMritx<s;kMritfñak; Rkbx½NÐkmµviFI cMenaTbBaða
eKalKMnit KuNtMélsMxan;²
siikSasiTi§mnusS
siTi§mnusS5
tMbn;-kareRbIR)as; -siT§iTTYlkarkar -karEfTaMnigkareRKÓgejón
BarBIkareRbI
Bar-Blkmµkumar R)as;eRKÓg -karykcitþTuk
-eBsüakmµkumar ejonxusc,ab; dak;cMeBaHsnþi
-siT§isMraknigkM suxkumar
sanþ-siT§iTTYlkarkar
BarBIral;TMrg;énkarekgRbv½Ba©
6 BiPBelak -karbMpøajbri -siT§imanbrisßan -suvtßiPaB nigkar
sßan¬]/karbM l¥
karBarpøajRsTab;-karrs;enARbkb
GUsUnbegáInkMedA
edaysuxPaB
dl;BiPBelak¦lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 21 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

RbeTsPIlIBIn

mFümsikSaTutiyPUmi

mFümsikSabzmPUmi

kMritfñak; Rkbx½NÐkmµviFI cMenaTbBaða
eKalKMnit KuNtMélsMxan;²
siikSasiT§imnusS
siTi§mnusS1
shKmn_ -karsÞHcracrN_ -siT§imansNþab; -reboberobry
Fñab;nigsuvtiß saFarN³
enATIRkug-suvtßiPaB
-karTijsnøwk -siPaBsaFarN³
T§
ie)aHeqñ
at-yutþiFm’
eqñat-siT§ikan;kab;kmµ -karykcitþTuk
-kardeNþImdIFøI siT§idak;ceM BaHGñkd¾éT
-si
T
§
i
m
ankargar-yutþiFm’-CMelaHBlkmµ2
RbeTs -karsuIsMnUknigGM -siT§iTTYl)ankar -PaBRtwmRtUv
eBIBukrlYy
dwknaMl¥-PaBesµaHRtg;-esvasgÁmxSt; -siT§imansnþisux -TMnYlxusRtUv
exSaynigmin sgÁm-CMnYybnÞan;RKb;RKan;
3
tMbn;-KMlatrvagGñk -siT§imansmPaB -smPaB
mannigGñkRk -siT§imankardwk -yutþiFm’-jatibkSniym naM-PaBKµanbkSBYk-PaBKµankargar -siT§ieFVIkargar -smPaB
eFVI-siT§imankargar -karrs;enAman
Edlpþl;KuNRb KuNRbeyaCn_
eyaCn_-karrs;enAman
plitPaB
4 BiPBelak -GñkeTasneya -esrIPaB-esrIPaB-siT§imankarkat; -yutþiFm’)ay-karerIseGIgBUC kþItampøÚvc,ab; -ÉkPaBkñúgBhu
-esrIPaBrYcputBI PaB
sasn_-ePrvkmµenAGasuI karerIseGIg -karGFüaRs½y-siT§imansnþisux -suvtßiPaB
pÞal;xøÜn
iPaB-siT§iTTYlsMNg -snþtampøÚvc,ab; -yutiþFm’lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 22 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

RbeTséfmFümsikSabzmPUmi

kMritfñak; Rkbx½NÐkmµviFI cMenaTbBaða
eKalKMnit KuNtMélsMxan;²
siikSasiT§imnusS
siTi§mnusS
shKmn_ -brisßan-siT§icUlrYmkñúg -kgVl;elIbBaða
karGPivDÆCa brisßannigTMnYl
nirnþr_xusRtUv-kar[tMélxøÜn -siT§ikarBarnig -GtþsBaØaN
Ég nigGtþ
elIkkMBs;vb, vb,Fm’sBaØaN
Fm’RbéBNI
-ePT-karTTYlsÁal; -smPaB
nigeKarBPaB
xusKñaénePT
-Blkmµkumar kar -siT§iTTYlkarkar -esrIPaB
ekgRbv½Ba©
BarRbqaMgnwgGM
eBIweXareXA
rWkarekgRbv½Ba©
-siT§irYcputBIkar
bgçMeGayeFVIkar
garEdlbg¥ak;
RbeTs
karlUtlas;pøÚv
kaynigbBaØa
sµartI-eBsüakmµkumar -siT§iTTYlkarBar -esrIPaB
RbqaMgnwgGMeBI
eXareXArWkar
ekgRbv½Ba©nig
karbgçMeGayeFVI
kargarEdl
bg¥ak;karlUtlas;pøÚvkaynigbBaØasµartI
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 23 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

mFümsikSaTuty
i PUmikMritfñak; Rkbx½NÐkmµviFI cMenaTbBaða
eKalKMnit KuNtMélsMxan;²
siikSasiTi§mnusS
siTi§mnusStMbn;-kareRbIR)as; -siT§iTTYlkarkar -esrIPaBnigesc
eRKOgejon
BarEfTaMBiess kþIéføfñÚr
BiPBelak -brisßan-siT§icUlrYmkñúg -kgVl;elIbBaða
karGPivDÆCa brisßannirnþr_nigTMnYlxusRtUv-karerIseGIg -siT§imansnþiPaB -kareKarB
karRslaj; -ÉkPaBkñúg
karyl;
karGFüaRs½y BhuPaB
mitþPaBrvag
mnusS
nigmnusSlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 24 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

RbeTsevotNam
RbB½n§Gb;rM %÷$÷#=!@ qñaMsikSa/ KMeragkmµviFIsikSasiTi§mnusS)anRtUvbRBa¢abkñúg
muxviC¢a BlrdæviC¢a/ CIvviTüa/ PUmiviTüa/ RbvtiþviTüa
kMritfñak; Rkbx½NÐkmµviFI cMenaTbBaða
eKalKMnit KuNtMélsMxan;²
siikSasiT§imnusS
siTi§mnusS1
shKmn_ 1>karbMpaø jbrisaß n -siTi§man-PaBsuxdumkñúg
FmµCati¬EfTaM/
2>Rkum nigsgÁm brisßans¥atvb,Fm’ C nCati -siTi§edIm,Ivb,Fm’ eKarBnigkarBar
2
RbeTs 1>Blkmµkumar nigRbéBNIrbs; brisßan¦-eKarBxøÜnÉg
2>kgVHGaharUb xøÜn-GtþsBaØaNxøÜn
tßmrÖ bs;kmu ar -siTi§kumar
kdéT
3>kgVHkarsMrak -siTi§eronsURt -eKarBGñ-Rslaj; nigEf
nigkMsanþrbs; -siTi§TTYlkarkar TaMkumarGnafa
kumar
Bar
-Rslaj; nigEf
4>kareRbIR)as; -siTi§sMraknig TaMkumarGnafa-eKarBCIvit
eRKOgejón kMsanþ
5>sµartIeKarBc,ab; -siTi§manCIvit -eKarBc,ab;-siTi§sniþsuxsgÁm
-eKarB/cUlrYmnig
3tMbn;
1>RbeTsevot -siTi§cUlrYm
shkaredIm,Inig
nig
NamminTan; eBjelj
4
BiPBelak
cUleBjelj -siTi§edIm,Ikar karGPivDÆsniþ
PaBnigPaBsux
kñúgshKmn_tM GPivDÆnig
dum
bn;nigBiPB sniþPaB
elak-siTi§mansuvtiß -karGPivDÆCa
nirnþr_PaB-karyl;KñaeTA-siTi§mankar
GPi v DÆCani r nþ r _ vijeTAmk
2>karrkSaGtþ -siTi§EfrkSaGtþ -[tMélxøÜnÉg
sBaØaNvb,Fm’ sBaØaNnigmr -eKarBxøÜnÉg
él
nigmrtk
tkvb,Fm’Cati -kareGaytM
nigTTYlsÁal;Kña
vb,Fm’Cati xøÜneTAvijeTAmk
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 25 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

rUbPaBBIkumarkm<úCalMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusSenAbzmsikSa

Drawing: Chainuvat Kitporka
Assumption Primary School, Bangkok, Thailand

siTi§rs;enAkñúgbrisßans¥atmnusSRKb;rUbmansiTi§manCIvPaBrs;enAsmrmü edIm,IsuxPaBnigsuxumal
PaBrbs;xøÜn. brisßanrbs;eyIg caM)ac;RtUvRbkbedayGnam½y edIm,ICYyeGayeyIg
mansuxPaBl¥Canic©. brisßanminEmnxVHGnam½yÉg²eT KWmnusSenHÉgCaGñkbMBul
brisßan. eyIgTaMgGs;Kña caM)ac;RtUvcUlrYmcMEnkeFVIeGaybrisßanmanGnam½ynigpþl;suxPaBdl;eyIg.
cMngeCIgemron
fñak;TI
muxviC¢aeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS
ry³eBlbeRgon³ karrs;enAkñúgbrisßans¥at³ 1-3³ viTüasaRsþ
³ siTi§kñúgkarrs;enAkñúgbrisßanmanGnam½y³ mYyem:agsikSa¬40naTI¦

1>vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac³- erobrab;viFITaMgLayEdleFVIeGaybrisßanmanGnam½yCanic©.
- erobrab;BIsar³sMxan;énkarrs;enAkñúgbrisßans¥at.
- niyayGMBIsiTi§manbrisßanmanGnam½ynigpþl;suxPaB.
2>Éksareyag-sMPar³
lmaRtaTI25 énesckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS ³ {mnusSRKb;rUbmansiTi§
rs;enAkñúgCIvPaBsmrmü edIm,IsuxPaBnigsuxumalPaBrbs;eK rYmmanGaharsMelokbMBak; TIlMenA fñaMBüa)al esvasgÁmcaM)ac; ehIynigsiTi§edIm,Imansnþisux
kñúgeBlGt;kargareFVI PaBmanCMgW Bikar PaBemm:ay cas;Cra rWkgVHCIvPaB déTeTot
kñúgeBl)at;bg;sµartIcgcaM.
lrUbPaBKMnUr3pÞaMg
- rUbPaBTI1 ³ FugsMramKµanKMrb manruyeram- rUbPaBTI2 ³ FugsMrammanRKbenATId_s¥atmYy- rUbPaBTI3 ³ TwksÞwg TenøEdlmansMnl;sMramGENþteRtobRta
3>dMenIrkarénkarbeRgonk> lMnaMepþIm
elak GñkRKU dwknaMsisSeRcogcMerog rWsURtemsURtmYybTsþIGMBIPaBrIkrayrbs;kumarenAeBlEhlelgkñúgTwkføaeQVgénsÞwgmYy rWGMBIkarEfTaMEpndIrbs;eyIg.
bnÞab;mk elak GñkRKUsYrnaMedIm,IeGaysisSBnül;facMerogrWemsURtenaHniyayBIGVI.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 29 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

x> lMnaMGPivDÆ
1>elak GñkRKU elIkbgðajrUbPaBTI1 bnÞab;mkrUbPaBTI2 ehIydak;TnÞwmKña. bnÞab;mk elak GñkRKU sYrsisS³-etIviFIecalsMramtamEbbNamYyEdlRtwmRtUv? ¬cMelIy³ sisSGaceqøIy
rWcg¥úlrUbPaBTI1 rWTI2¦-ehtuGVI)anCaGñkfaviFIEbbenaHRtwmRtUv? ¬cMelIy³ sisSBnül;RKUtamkaryl;
eXIjrbs;xøÜn¦.
2>elak GñkRKU elIkbgðajrUbPaBTI3 rYcsYrnaMeGaysisSerobrab;BIGVIxøH
EdleK)aneXIjGMBIrUbPaBenH. bnÞab;mk elak GñkRKUsYrnaMy:agNaeGaysisS
Bnül;BImUlehtuEdlnaMeGaymansMnl;sMramGENþteRtomRtakñúgTwksÞwgTenøenaH
¬cMelIy³ viFIecalsMramminRtwmRtUvrbs;mnusS¦.
3>elak GñkRKUBiPakSaCamYykumarGMBIsar³sMxan;énbrisßans¥at ehIynig
siTi§rbs;mnusSkñúgkarrs;enAkñúgbrisßanEdls¥at nigpþl;suxPaB tamry³TMrg;sMnYr
dUcxageRkam ³-etIGñkNaCaGñkeFVIeGayTIkEnøgrs;enAkxVk;? ¬GacmancMelIyeRcIn ³mnusS/stV>>>>>> EtRKURtUvtMrg;TisepþatelImnusS eRBaHmnusSecHKit>>>>¦.
-etITwksÞwgTenønwgkøayCay:agNa ebImnusSnaMKñaecalsMramkñúgsÞwgTenø?
¬TwksÞwgTenømanemeraK mins¥at>>>>>>¦ .
-etIépÞdInwgeTACay:agNaebImnusSnaMKñaecalsMramenARKb;TisTI?¬épÞdI
køayCaKMnrsMramecalkøinGaRkk; manruyeram manemeraK>>>>>¦ .
-etIsuxPaBmnusSTaMgenaHeTACay:agNa ebIeKrs;enAkñúgTIEdlmansMram?
¬eKnwgmanCMgW>>>>>¦ .
- etImnusSGaceFVIGVI)an edIm,IeGayTIkEnøgrs;enAs¥atCanic©? ¬ecalsMramRtwmRtUv e)assMGatCanic©>>>>>>>>¦ .
-etIeyIgGaceFVIy:agNaedIm,IeGayTwksÞwgTenø rWTIkEnøgrs;enAEdlkxVk;
edaysMrameGayeTACas¥atvij)an? ¬sisSpþl;eyabl;epSg²¦ .
4>elak GñkRKUsYrsisSedayepþatmkelITIFøasalaeron nigTIkEnøgNamYy³-RbsinebIsisSRKb;KñaecalsMramkñúgTIFøasalaeron rWTIkEnøgkMsanþNamYy
etInwgmanerOgehtuGVIxøHekIteLIg? ¬TIFøakxVk;-sisSmanCMgW-xanmkeron>>>>>>¦.
-RbsinebIeyIgTaMgGs;KñaEfTaMTIFøasalaeron rWTIkEnøgnanaeGay)ans¥at
Canic© etIeyIgTaMgGs;Kña nwg)anrs;enAkñúgTIsßanEbbNa? ¬TIsßanEdls¥atCanic©>>>>¦.
elak GñkRKU eRbIR)as;cMelIyrbs;sisSCayan QaneTABnül;siTi§edIm,Irs;enAkñúg
brisßan Edls¥at.
5> elak GñkRKU naMsisSniyaydEdl² ¬cMeBaHsisSminTan;ecHGan¦ rWnaM
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 30 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

sisSGanGMnanEdl sresrelIkþarexon ³
eyIgRtUvkarbrisßanEdls¥at edIm,IsuxPaBrbs;eyIg. eyIgmansiTi§
rs;enAkñúgbrisßanEdls¥at. eyIgsgÇwmfamnusSRKb;rUbeKarBsiTi§enH edaymineFVI
eGaybrisßankxVk;.
K> Gnuvtþn_ ¬lMnaMbBa©b;¦elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGayrksuPasit rWelIkEpnkarsMGatbrisßanedIm,Iyk
mkbiTenA fñak;eron.
4>rgVaytMél ¬rWsMnYrbBa¢ak;karyl;dwg¦
elak GñkRKUniyayrWR)ab;sisSeGayGanXøaRbeyaKxageRkamehIyeGay
eqøIyyl;RBm rWminyl;RBm rWKUssBaØa (ü) RbsinebIl,HNamYybBa¢ak;BIviFIEfrkSa
brisßan ehIyKUssBaØa (×) RbsinebIminEmn ³----1> cUrdak;sMramkñúgFugsMram ehIyRKbeGayCitl¥.
----2> cUrsMGatTrTwkkuMeGayvasÞH.
----3> cUrENnaMeGayRbCaCnecalsMramkñúgFugsMram.
----4> cUre)aHsMramecalenARKb;TIkEnøg.
----5> cYrdutsMramecal.
----6> karsMGatbrisßan KWCasiTi§rbs;´.

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 31 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

siT§imankarsMrak nigkMsanþ
karsMrak nigkMsanþ mansar³sMxan;cMeBaHsuxumalPaBpøÚvkay nigbBaØarbs;
kumar. kumarnwgmanvibtþiFujfb;y:agF¶n;F¶r RbsinebIeKTTYlkarbgçitbgçMeGayeron
sURtKµanQb;Qr man»kastictYcedIm,IsMrak edIm,ITTYl)anlT§pll¥kñúgkar
Rblg. vibtþiFujfb; bgákarb:HBal;dl;suxPaBpøÚvbBaØarbs;kumar. kumartUc² KYrman
skmµPaBpøÚvkayeGay)aneRcIn mandUcCart; elat elgEl,gbiTBYn CiHeKa Rbvar
eLIgBYr rWedImeQI edIm,IeGaysac;duMlUtlas;Fat;FM nigmanPaBmaMmYn sVahab;.
cMngeCIgemeron
fñak;TI
muxviC¢aeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS
ry³eBlbeRgon³ ´mansiTi§sMraknigkMsanþ
³ 1-3³ Gb;rMsIlFm’ nigGb;rMkay³ siTi§mankarsMrak niglMEh³ mYyem:agsikSa ¬40naTI¦

1>vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac³- Bnül;BIsar³sMxan;énkarsMrak nigkMsanþ cMeBaHkarlUtlas;FMFat;rbs;eK.
- Bnül;BIsar³sMxan;éntulüPaBrvagkarsikSa nigkarsMrakkMsanþ.
- niyayfakumarmansiTi§mankarsMraknigkMsanþ.
- eRCIsykskmµPaBsMrak nigkMsanþEdlsmRsb.
2>Éksareyag-sMPar³
lmaRtaTI31¬1¦ énGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar ³ { rdæCaPaKITaMgLayTTYlsaÁl;siTi§kumarkñúg karsMrak nigkMsanþ karelgEl,gnana nigskmµPaBlMEhepSg²
EdlsmRsbtamv½yrbs;kumarRBmTaMgkarcUlrYmedayesrIkñúgskmµPaBvb,Fm’
nigsil,³} .
lrUbPaBKMnUr4pÞaMg³- rUbPaBTI1 ³ kumarmñak;GgÁúyemIlTUrTsSn_edayCab;GarmµN_ ¬kumarman
ragFat;es¥óc¦.
- rUbPaBTI2³ kumarelgEl,gcgmuxnwgkEnSg ehIyravrkmitþ enATIFøamYy
rWenAciBa©ImpøÚv rWenAkñúgsYnc,ar edayrIkray ¬kumarmanragFat;lµm¦.
- rUbPaBTI3³ kumarmñak;RbwgGgÁúysresrTaMgguyegak edayman«Bukmþay
QrbenÞas enAEk,rnaH .
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 32 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

- rYbPaBTI4³ rUbPaBEbgCaBIrEpñk EpñkTI1 manrUbkumarmñak;kan;esovePA
GanedayTwkmuxFujfb;. EpñkTI2 manrUbkumarmñak;rt;elgEk,rpÞHedayTwkmux
rIkray.
3>dMenIrkarénkarbeRgonk> lMnaMepþmI
elak GñkRKUelIkbgðajpaÞMgrUbPaBTI1 ehIysYrsisSfaetIkumarenHkMBugeFVIGVI.
x> lMnaMGPiDÆn_ ³
1> elak GñkRKU elIkbgðajpÞaMgrUbPaBTI2 bnÞab;mkdak;TnÞwmpÞaMgrUbPaBTI1
ehIysYrsisS³
etIskmµPaBNamYyEdlGñkeBjcitþCag ? ¬cMelIy ³ sisSGaceqøIyeday
cg¥úlrUbPaBTI2¦ rYcehIyRKUsYrfaehtuGVI ? ¬cMelIy ³ sisSGaceqøIyfa
eK)anrt; RbElgKña>>>>>>>¦ elak GñkRKU kt;;cMelIy sisSdak;elIkþarexon.
2> elak GñkRKUBiPakSaCamYykumaredIm,ICYyeGayeKyl;faeKRtUvkarhwVk
hVWnsac;duMeGay)anFat;FM nigmaMmYn tamry³karbgðajrUbPaBTI1 nigTI2 ehIysYr
sMnYrdUcxageRkam ³-rvagkumarTaMgBIr etIkumarNamYymansuxPaBl¥Cag? ¬sisSenAKit minTan;
eqøIy¦ etIkumarEdlcUlcitþGgÁúyes¶ómBImuxTUrTsSn_ mansuxPaBmaMmYn CagkumarEdl
cUlcitþrt;elgenHeT ? ¬GacmancMelIyxus²Kña EtRKURtUvtMrg;TisepþatelIkarelIksr
esIrkumarEdlcUlcitþskmµPaB¦ .
-ehtuGVI)anCakumarEdlcUlcitþrt;elat nigeFVIskmµPaBsac;duM sVahab;Cag
kumarEdlcUlcitþGgÁúyes¶ómemIlTUrTsSn_ ? ¬cMelIy ³ eRBaHeK)anhwVkhat;
sac;duM>>>>>>¦
3> elak GñkRKUelIkbgðajpÞaMgrUbPaBTI3 ehIysYrsMnYrdUcxageRkamedIm,Idwk
naMeGaysisSsnæidæan fakumarRtUvkarkarsMrak ¬eKgRKb;RKan;¦ ehIyenAeBlEdlRtUv
eKbgçMeGayeron rhUtdl;guyegak suxPaBrbs;eK rYmmanxagpøÚvkaypøÚvcitþnigsµar
tIcuHexSay ³-kñúgrUbPaBTI3enH etIkumarkMBugeFVIGVI ? ¬cMelIy ³ kumarkMBugGgÁúyeronTaMg
egak guy¦ RbsinebIkumar egakguyy:agenHehIy etI«Bukmþayrbs;eKKYr
eGayeKeTAsMrak rWeT ? ¬cMelIy ³ «Bukrbs;eK KYrEteGayeKeTAsMrak¦ eRBaHGVI?
¬cMelIy ³ eRBaHeK ht;enOyehIyeKminGaceroneTot)aneT>>>>¦.
-enAeBlEdlGñkht;enOy ehIyegakguy etIGñkGaceFVIkic©salaeron)an
RtwmRtUv rWeT ? ¬cMelIy ³ minGaceFVI)anRtwmRtUveT>>>>>>¦-«BukmþayKYrEteGaykumarenHeKgeGayEq¥tsin eTIbeGayeronteTAeTot etI
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 33 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_)anrWeT ? ¬sisSGaceqøIyfa )an ¡¦ehtuGVI ? ¬cMelIy ³ enAeBleKgEq¥t xYrk,all¥rWPøWsVag¦.
4> elak GñkRKUbgðajrUbPaBTI4 ehIysYrsMnYrdUcxageRkamedIm,ICYyeGay
sisSyl;faBYkeKRtUvEtxitxMeronsURt b:uEnþBYkeKRtUvmaneBlsMrak nigelgkMsanþ ³-¬edaycgú¥leTAelIEpñkTI1¦ etIkumarenHkMBugeFVIGIV ? eKrIkrayrWeT?¬cMelIy ³
eKkMBugemIlesovePAeKminrIkrayeT¦. ¬edaycg¥úleTAEpñkTI2¦ etIkumarenHkMBug
eFVIGVI ? eKrIkrayrWeT ? ¬cMelIy ³ eKkMBugrt;elg eKrIkrayNas;¦-enAeBleronGñkminrIkrayEtenAeBlelgGñkrIkray etIGñkeRCIserIsykmYy
Na ?
¬elak GñkRKU RtUvelIksresIrcMeBaHcMelIy ³ ´eRCIsykTaMgBIr KWeronpg
elgpg¦. ehtuGVI)anCaGñkeRCIsykEbbenH? ¬cMelIy ³ eRBaHTaMgkareronsURt
TaMgkarelgKWCaplRbeyaCn_d¾RbesIrbMputrbs;kumar¦ .
elak GñkRKU eRbIR)as;cMelIyrbs;sisSCayan QaneTABnül;siTi§edIm,IsMraknigkMsanþ.
5> elak GñkRKU naMsisSniyaydEdl² ¬cMeBaHsisSminTan;ecHGan¦ rWnaM
sisSGanGMnanEdlsresrelIkþarexon ³
kumarRKb;rUb mansiTi§edIm,IelgkMsanþ sMrak nigcUlrYmkñúgskmµPaB vb,Fm’sil,³nana. siTi§enH mansar³sMxan;cMeBaHsuxPaBpøÚvkay nigpøÚvbBaØarbs;kumar.
karéleGayesµIKñarvagkareronsURt karelg nigkarsMrak pþl;plRbeyaCn_RbesIr
bMputcMeBaHkumar.
K> Gnuvtþn_elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGayKUrrUbPaBGMBIkumarEdlrIkray edayBYkeK)an
eronpg )anelgpg )ansMrakpg.
4>rgVaytMél ¬rWsMnYrbBa¢ak;karyl;dwg¦k> edIm,IvaytMélkaryl;dwgrbs;sisS elak GñkRKUR)ab;eGaysisSbMeBj
skmµPaBbIy:agenApÞH eronsURt elg nigsMrak. ebIGnuvtþ)anehIyRtUvmkCMrab
elak GñkRKUvij.
x> elak GñkRKU niyay rWR)ab;sisSeGayGanXøal,HxageRkam ehIy
eGaydak;sBaØa ¬ ¯¦ BIxagedIm RbsinebIXøal,HNamYybgðajn½yRtwmRtUv rWdak;sBaØa ¬x¦RbsinebIvabgðajn½yminRtwmRtUv ³----1>kumarEdlcUlcitþemIlTUrTsSn_ ehIymincUlcitþrt;elgxageRkApÞH
kumarenaHminmansuxPaBl¥nigminsVahab;.
----2>kumarKYrmaneBleron nigmaneBlelg.
----3>eTaHbICakumarguyegaky:agNak_edayRtYvEtbgçMeGayeFVIlMhat;eGaylMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 34 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

ehIyeTIbeGaycUleKg.
----4>´KYrEtTukeBlTaMgGs;edIm,IeronsURt edIm,I)anBinÞúl¥enAeBlRblg
minKYrcMnayeBlsMrak nigelg\tRbeyaCn_eT.
----5>´RtUvEthat;R)aNedayrt; elat nigelatGnÞak; edIm,ImansuxPaBl¥nig sVahab;.
----6>kumartUc²RtUvEtmaneBlelg nigeBlsMrak.

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 35 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

siTi§TTYlkic©karBarEfTaMBI«Bukmþay
kumarRKb;rUbmansiTi§rs;enAkñúgCIvPaBsmrmüedIm,ImankarlUtlas;rIkcMerInEpñk
rUbragkay bBaØa sµartI sIlFm’ nigTMnak;TMngkñúgsgÁm. «Bukmþay rWGaNaBüa)al
rbs;kumar mankatBVkic©EfTaMkumar eTAtamsmtßPaB niglT§PaBfvika kñúglkç½xNÐcaM
)ac;edIm,IkarlUtlas;rIkcMeriIn rbs;kumar.
TnÞwmnwgenaH «Bukmþay rWGaNaBüa)alrbs;kumar mankatBVkic©pþl;karGb;rM
eronsURtdl;kumareGaymankarlUtlas;CalMdab; k_dUcCakarGb;rMeRbonRbedAeday
pÞal;pgEdr.
cMngeCIgemeron³ kic©karBarEfTaMrbs;«Bukmþay
fñak;TI³ 1-3
muxviC¢a³ Gb;rMsIlFm’
eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS³ siTi§TTYlkic©karBarEfTaMBI«Bukmþay
ry³eBlbeRgon³ mYyem:agsikSa ¬40naTI¦
1>vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac ³- niyayfaBYkeKmansiTi§TTYlkarEfTaMBI«Bukmþay.
- erobrab;BIkic©karBarEfTaMrbs;«BukmþaycMeBaHxøÚn.
- eGaytMélkic©karBarEfTaMrbs;«Bukmþay.
2>Éksareyag-sMPar³
lmaRtaTI27 ¬1¦ énGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar ³ {rdæCaPaKITaMgLay TTYlsÁal;siTi§rbs;kumarRKb;rUbkñúgkarrs;enARbkbedayCIvPaBsmrmüedIm,IFana)an karlUtlas; rIkcMerInEpñk ragkay bBaØasµartI sIlFm’ nigTMnak;TMngsgÁm}.
lmaRtaTI27 ¬2¦ )anEcgfa «Bukmþay rWGaNaBüa)alrbs;kumar mankatBV
kic©CabzmKW karkarBarEfTaMkumar eTAtamsmtßPaB lT§PaBfvika sßanPaBrs;enA
edIm,IFanakarlUtlas;rIkcMerInrbs;kumar.
lrUbPaBKMnUr2pÞaMg
- rUbPaBTI1 ³ kumarmñak;EdlxVHkarkarBarEfTaMBIRkumRKYsar.
-rUbPaBTI2 ³ kumarEdlTTYlkarRslaj;fñak;fñmBIRKYsarmYy RKYsarenaH
mansPaBrIkrayedaykMBugTTYlTanGaharelgkMsanþrWeFVIkargarCamYyKña.
3>dMenIrkarénkarbeRgonk> lMnaMepþIm
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 36 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

elak GñkRKU elIkbgðajpaÞMgrUbPaBTI1 ehIysYrnaMy:agNaeGaysisSGacerobrab;)anBIGVIEdleK cab;GarmµN_kñúgrUbPaBenaH. rW elak GñkRKUGacdwknaMsisS
eRcogcMerogmYybT rWsURtkMnaBümYybTEdlerobrab;BIesckþIRslaj;enAkñúgRkum
RKYsarmYy.
x> lMnaMGPivDÆn_1>elak GñkRKU elIkbgðajrUbPaBTI1 bnÞab;mkrUbPaBTI2 ehIydak;TnÞwm KñabnÞab;mk elak GñkRKUdak;sMnYreGaysisSrkPaBxusKñakñúgrUbPaBrvagkumarEdlxVH
karkarBarEfTaMBIRkumRKYsar nigkumarEdl)anTTYlkarRslaj;fñak;fñmBIRkumRKYsar .
cMelIyEdlTTYl)an RKURtUvsresrelIkþarexon.
bnÞab;mkelak GñkRKUsYrsMnYreTAsisS ³- etIkumarkñúgrUbPaBTI1 manlkçN³dUcemþc ? ¬cMelIy ³ rUbragsÁaMgsÁm esøk
søaMg sMelokbMBak;minsmrmü mins¥at)at TwkmuxRseBan>>>>>¦ ehtuGVI
kumarenHmansPaBEbbenH? ¬cMelIy ³ eRBaHeKxVHGñkEfTaM¦.
- etIkumarenHRtUvkarGVIxøH? ¬cMelIy ³ nMcMnI mðÚbGahar sMelokbMBak; eTAsalaeron karEfTaMBI«Bukmþay>>>>>¦.
- etIehtuGVI)anCakumarkñúgrUbPaBTI2 manTwkmuxrIkray? ¬cMelIy ³ pÞúyBI
xagelI¦.
2> elak GñkRKUGanerOg {kumarrIkraymñak;} eGaysisSsþab; rWeGay
sisSGan ³
kumarrIkraymñak;´eQµaHriTI§ ´sb,ayrIkrayNas; eRBaH«Bukmþay´Rslaj;bgRbus´
bgRsI´ ehIynig´. elak«BukGñkmþaycUlcitþniyayerOgkMEbøgeGayeyIg
sþab;ehIy eFVIeGayeyIgesIc. elakTaMgBIreGaykUnBaJúaMEq¥t nigTukeBleGaykUneron)anRKb;RKan;. enAeBlkUnBi)akcitþ eRBaHTTYl)anBinÞúticenAeBlRblgelak
RsvaeGabeyIg ehIyniyayfa {kUnkuMRBYyfVI enAeBleRkaykUnGacxitxMeGay
eRcInCagenH}.
elak«Buk Gñkmþay mankic©karrvl;CaeRcIn elakeFVIkarlM)akNas;edIm,IeGayeyIg)anBaJúaMRKb;RKan; nig)aneTAeronpg.
BYkeyIgmansMNagNas;Edlmanelak«BukGñkmþayEbbenH. BYkeyIg
BüayameFVIeGayelaksb,aycitþedaysþab;BaküTUnµanrbs;elak CYykargarpÞH
dl;elak nigxitxMeronenAsalaeroneTotpg.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 37 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_bnÞab;mk elak GñkRKUBiPakSaCamYykumarGMBIsar³sMxan;énkic©karBarEfTaM
rbs;«Bukmþaytamry³ TMrg;sMnYrdUcxageRkam ³-enAkñúgerOgniTanenH etItYGgÁNaCaGñkniyay ? ¬cMelIy ³ GñkniyayKW riTI§¦-etIelak«BukGñkmþayrbs;riTI§ )aneFVIGVIxøHedIm,IkUn? ¬cMelIy ³ eGaykUnBaJúaM
Eq¥t eGaykUneTAeron niyayerOgkMEbøgeGaykUnsþab; eGaykUnesIc niyay
lYgelamkUneBlkUnBi)akcitþ>>>¦.
-etIriTI§sb,aycitþedaysarGVI? ¬cMelIy ³ riTI§sb,aycitþedaysareKman«BukmþayRslaj; karBar EfTaMeK>>>>¦-etI«BukmþayGñk)aneFVIGVIxøHedIm,IGñk? ¬sisSGacpþl;cMelIyxus²Kña¦-RbsinebIsisSniyayfa«Bukmþayrbs;eKkMrenApÞH rWminEdleFVIeGayeK
sb,aycitþ elak GñkRKUGacsYrbEnßmfa edIm,IeGayGñkrIkrayetI«Bukmþay
GñkKYreFVIGVIxøH? ¬cMelIy ³ tamkaryl;eXIjrbs;sisSmñak;²¦ etIGñkdwgxøÜnfa
«BukmþayGñkxMeFVIkarKµaneBlsMrak eRBaHEtelakRslaj;Gñk EdrrWeT?
-etIriTI§ nigbgRbus bgRsIrbs;eK)aneFVIGVIxøH edIm,IeGayelak«BukGñkmþay
rbs;eKsb,aycitþ ? ¬cMelIy ³>>>>>sþab;BaküTUnµan CYyeFVIkarpÞH xMeronenAsala>>>>¦.
-etIGñk)aneFVIGVIxøH edIm,IeGay«BukmþayGñksb,aycitþ ? ¬sisSpþl;cMelIy
epSg²¦.
-tameyabl;Gñk etI«BukmþayTaMgLayKYrRslaj;nigkarBarEfTaMkUnrbs;
elak rWeT ?. ¬sisSpþl;cMelIyedayesrItamkaryl;rbs;xøÜn¦ ehtuGVI?
¬elak GñkRKUTuk »kaseGaysisSBnül;¦.
elak GñkRKUeRbIR)as;cMelIyrbs;sisSCayan QaneTAniyay rWsresrenAkþarexonpg Ganpg GMBIsiTi§TTYlkarkarBarEfTaMBI«Bukmþay ³
eyIgCakumar eyIgmansiTi§TTYlkarkarBarEfTaMBI«Bukmþayrbs;eyIg. kumar
RtUvkarkarRslaj; karkarBar nigEfTaM edIm,IeGayeKGaclUtlas;rIkcMerIn)an.
K> Gnuvtþn_elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGaysMEdgesckþIRslaj; nigeKarBcMeBaH«Bukmþay
rWGaNaBüa)alrbs;eK. eKGacKUrKMnUr sresrGkSr rWebHpáaykeTACUnelak rWcUleTA
eGabelakk_)an.
4>rgVaytMél ¬rWsMnYrbBa¢ak;karyl;dwg¦
elak GñkRKU GacerobcMrgVaytMéltamkarécñRbDiterog²xøÜn.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 38 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 39 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

siTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarcUlrYm
karcUlrYm rWmincUlrYmkñúgkarRbmUlpþúM rWkñúgRkumNamYyGacCYbvibtþierIs
eGIgEbgEck EdlraraMgmnusSmineGaycUlrYmkñúgkarRbmUlpþúM rWRkummYytamR)afña.
mü:ageTot mnusSGacRtUveKbgçMeGaycUlrYmkñúgkarRbmUlpþMú rWRkummYyedaymineBj
citþ. sßanPaBenH KWCakarrMelaPelIsiTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarcUlrYm.
kgVHsiTi§enH eFVIeGaymnusS)at;bg;esckþIkøahankñúgkarbMeBjkargar.
emeronenH CYyeGaysisSemIleXIjtMélénsiTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarcUlrYm.
cMngeCIgemeron
fañk;TI
muxviC¢aeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS
ry³eBlbeRgon³ ´mancMEnk³ 1-3³ Gb;rMsIlFm’³ siTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarcUlrYm³ mYyem:agsikSa ¬40naTI¦

1>vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac ³- Bnül;BIsar³sMxan;éntMrUvkarsiTi§edIm,IesrIPaBkñúgkarcUlrYm.
- erobrab;BIviFIcUlrYmcMEnkkñúgsmaKm rWRkummYy.
- eGaytMélkic©shkarCaRkum.
2>Éksareyag-sMPar³
lmaRtaTI15 énGnusBaØasþIBIsiT§ikumar ³{ 1> rdæPaKI TTYlsÁal;siTi§kumarmanesrI

PaBxagsmaKm nigmanesrIPaBRbCMuedaysniþvíFI.
2>kareRbIR)as;siT§iTaMgenH GacsßiteRkamkarrwtt,it)an luHRtaEtmanbBaØtþiedayc,ab;nigcaM)ac;kñúgsgÁmRbCaFibetyü edIm,IGtßRbeyaCn_énsniþsuxCati b¤suvtißPaB
saFarN³ b¤ sNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ b¤edIm,IkarBarsuxPaBb¤ sIlFm’saFarN³b¤edIm,I
karBarsiTi§nigesrIPaBrbs;GñkdéT. }.

RkdassMrab;vaytMélkic©karsisS.
3>dMenIrkarénkarbeRgonk> lMnaMepþIm
elak GñkRKU epþImemeronedayeFVIkarENnaMdUcxageRkam ³
eyIgnwgelgEl,gmYymaneQµaHfa{CYrEdlEvgCageK} mñak;²cUlrYmCaRkum
EdlmanKña8nak; edaysµ½RKcitþ. RkumnImYy²RtUvtMerobxøÜnrebobNak_eday ehIyeRbIllMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 40 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

sMPar³Nak_eday eFVIy:agNabegáIt)anCaCYrmYyEdlEvgCageK.
elak GñkRKU R)ab;eGaysisSerobTIkEnøg TukeBleGaysisSerIsKñaCaRkum
ehIyeGayKitKña 5naTI. enAeBlelak GñkRKUeGaysBaØacab;epþIm RkumnImYy²RtUv
tMerobKñaCaCYr. enAeBl)anCaCYrehIy elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGayenAes¶ómkñúgCYr
ehIysMlwgemIlKñaetICYrNaEdlEvgCageK. lT§plnwgRtUvRbkaseLIg.
x> lMnaMGPivDÆ
1> bnÞab;BIkarRbkaslT§pl elak GñkRKUdwknaMkarBicarNaGMBIsar³sMxan;énsiTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarcUlrYm edaysYrsMnYrcMeBaHsisSTaMgGs; ³-etIGñkeBjcitþnwgcUlrYmkñúgRkumrbs;GñkEdrrWeT ? ¬cMelIy ³ GaceBjcitþ
GacminsUveBjcitþ¦ ehtuGVI? ¬cMelIy ³ tamkaryl;eXIjrbs;sisS>>¦.
-enAkñúgRkumrbs;Gñk etIGñkCYyeFVIGVI ? ¬cMelIy ³ tamkarCak;EsþgEdlsisS)aneFVI>>>>¦.
-etIGñkÉeTotkñúgRkumGñk eFVIdUcGñkEdrrWeT ?¬cMelIy³ tamCak;Esþg¦ ehtuGVI ?
¬cMelIy ³ tamEdleKemIleXIj¦
2> bnÞab;mk elak GñkRKU sYrsMnYreTARkumelxmYy ³-etIGñkmanGarmµN_y:agNaEdr enAeBlEdlRkumGñk)anTTYleCaKC½y ?
-enAkñúgRkumEdlxøÜneBjcitþ ehIyedIm,IeGayRkum)anTTYleCaKC½y etImñak;²
kñúgRkumRtUveFVIGVI ?
3> bnÞab;mkeTot elak GñkRKUsYrsMnYreTARkumEdlmin)anCab;elxmYy ³-etIGñkdwgeTfa etImUlehtuGVI )anCaRkumGñkminGacerobKñaCaCYrEdlEvgCageK)an ? ¬cMelIy ³ GacfaminRsuHKña minCYyKitKña rknwkmineXIj>>>>¦.
-RbsinebIRtUvRblgKñamþgeTot etIGñknwgeFVIy:agNa ? ¬cMelIy ³ tamkar
yl;eXIjrbs;sisS¦.
elak GñkRKU eRbIR)as;cMelIyrbs;sisSCayan QaneTAniyay rWsresrenAkþarexonpg Ganpg nUvesckþIsegçbénkarBiPakSaknøgmk ³
edIm,IeGaykargarCaRkummYy)anTTYleCaKC½y mnusSmñak;² RtUvkarsiTi§
nigRtUveRbIsiTi§edIm,IcUlrYmcMEnkkñúgRkumNamYyedayesrI KµankarbgçitbgçM. enAkñúg
RkummYyEdlxøÜneBjcitþsmaCikmñak;²manGarmµN_fa xøÜnCamnusSsVahab; nigdac;
xat.
K> Gnuvtþn_elak GñkRKU R)ab;sisSeGayeRtomlkçN³cUlrUmcMEnkkñúgRkumNamYy
edIm,IeFVIkarRblgRbnaMg CafµImþgeTot enAeBleRkay.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 41 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

4>rgVaytMél ¬rWsMnYrbBa¢ak;karyl;dwg¦
elak GñkRKU GacerobcMEbbbTrgVaytMéltamkarécñRbDitrbs;xøÜn edIm,Ivas;sÞg;BIkMrityl;dwgrbs;sisSeTAelIsiTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarcUlrYmcMEnk. rgVaytMél GaceFVIeLIgenAmuncMnucGnuvtþn_ rWenA»kasNamYyeTot)an.

irUbftBIkumarkm<úCalMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 42 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

siTi§TTYlkarkarBar
kumarmansiT§iTTYlkarkarBar BIeRKaHfñak;NamYy.plRbeyaCn_RbesIrbMput
rbs;BYkeKRtUvTTYlkarelIkkMBs;Canic©. elak GñkRKUKYryl;fa kumarmansiTi§TTYl
karkarBarBIkareRbIR)as;fñaMejón ehIyKYryl;fa rdæaPi)alRtUvEteRbIR)as;ral;viFan
karsmRsbTaMgLay kñúgenaHmanviFankarGb;rMpgEdr edIm,IkarBarBYkeK.
cMngeCIgemeron
fñak;TI
muxviC¢aeKalKMnitsiT§imnusS
ry³eBlbeRgon³ fñaMejonpþl;eRKaHfñak;³5³ Gb;rMsIlFm’³ siTi§TTYlkarkarBarRbqaMgnwgkareRbIR)as;fñaMejon³ mYyem:agsikSa ¬40naTI¦

1>vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac ³- Bnül;BImUlehtuénkarejónfñaM.
- pþl;dMenaHRsaytamviFIkarBarkarejonfñaMcMeBaHkumar.
- niyayfaBYkeKmansiTi§TTYlkarkarBarBIkareRbIR)as;fñaMejónxusc,ab;.
- niyayfaBYkeK)anTTYlkarkarBarBIkareRbIR)as;fñaMejon enAeBleKTTYl)ankarTUnµanBI«Bukmþay nigRKU GMBIvibtþiénkareRbIfñaMejon.
2>Éksareyag-sMPar³
lmaRtaTI33 énGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar ³ {rdæCaPaKITaMgLay nwgeRbIR)as;ral;viFankarsmRsb rYmmanviFankarc,ab; rdæ)al sgÁm nigGb;rM edIm,IkarBarkumar
BIkareRbIR)as;fñaMejón nigsarCatifñaMviklcritEdl)ankMnt;kñúgktikasBaØaGnþrCatiBak;
B½n§ nigedIm,IkarBarkumarBIkarplitnigCYjdUrsarCatiRbePTenaHedayxusc,ab;}.
lmaRtaTI39 ³ {rdæPaKI RtUvcat;ral;víFankarsmRsbedImI,C¿rujkarsþarkaysm,TanigcitþsaRsþ[mandUcedImvíj nigkardak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgsgÁmvíjnUvkumarEdlrgeRKaH ³
edaykare)aHbg;ecalGMeBIGaCÍvkmµ b¤karbMBanedayTaruNkmµTRmg;NamYyénkarRbRBwtþ
kmµeTAelIxøÜnb¤karpþnÞaeTaseXareXA GmnusSFm’ b¤benßakbnÞab b¤edaysarCemøaHRbdab;
GavuF. karsþar nigbBa©ÚleTAkñúgsgÁmvíj RtUvsßitkñúgbriyakasmYyEdlelIksÞÜysuxPaB
kareKarBtémøxøÜnÉg nigesckþIéføfñÚrrbs;kumar}.
lmaRtaTI24 ³ { GñkmansiTi§EfTaMsuxPaBeGay)anRbesIrtamlT§PaB manTwks¥at
TTYlTanmanGaharRbkbedayCIvCatimanbrisßans¥at nigmansuvtißPaB nigmansiTi§TTYl
Bt’mankñúgkarrkSasuxPaBeGay)anl¥}.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 43 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

rUbPaB rW vIedGU GMBIkumarrgeRKaHedaykarejónfñaM .
lkMNt;ehturbs;eCrI.
3>dMenIrkarénkarbeRgonk> lMnaMepþmI
elak GñkRKU epþImemeronedayelIkbgðajrUbPaB rWbBa©aMgvIedGUGMBIkumarEdl
kMBugrgeRKaHdaykarejónfñaM . bnÞab;mkelak GñkRKU eRbIsMnYrTaMgLayNaEdl
naMeGaysisSKitehIyBiPakSaGtßn½yénrUbPaB rWvIedGUenaH.
x> lMnaMGPivDÆ ³
1> elak GñkRKUesñIeGaysisSmñak;sµ½RKcitþGanesovePAkMnt;RbcaMéf¶rbs;
GñkejónfñaMmñak;Edl)anCab;Bn§naKar ³léf¶TI 15 Ex mifuna qñaM 2002

esovePAkMnt;ehtuCaTIRslaj;´)ancab;epþImhitkav taMgBIGayu12qñaM. enAeBlenaH mitþrbs;´)anbbYl´eGaysakl,ghitva. eBlhitdMbUg´vilmux b:uEnþeRkaymk´k_køayCaFmµta .
minRKan;Etbu:nenaHeT ´Ck;GaePon nigkBaæaEfmeTot. ´)ankøayCaGñkejón
fñaMejón. \lUvenH ´enAkñúgBn§naKar. ehtuGVI)anCa´Føak;xøÜnEbbenH? KWeRBaHEt
KµanR)ak;TijfñaMejón ´)aneFVIecar. eBlenH ´manGayueTIbEt17qñaMbu:nenaH ´KYr
EtenAeronÉsalaeronÉenaH. «Bukmþay´CaGñkRk «Buk´CakmµkrsMng; mþay´CaGñke)akG‘ut. pÞHrbs;eyIgsßitenAelIdId_tUcmYy. fñaMejónEdl cas;²nig«Bukmþay
)anhamXat; gayeFVIeGayeyIgcg;sakl,gNas;. enaHehIyCakarbu:nb:g
rbs;ekµg². ´maneQµaH eronenAsalardæ bu:Enþ´EbrCaQb;eronenAeBlEdl´eronCk;fñaMejón.
eCrI
eRkayGMnan elak GñkRKU sYrsMnYrdUcxageRkameTAkan;sisSedIm,IbBa¢ak;BIkaryl;xøwmsarGtßbT ³-etIGñkNaCaGñksresresovePAkMnt;ehtuRbcaMéf¶enH? ¬cMelIy ³ KW eCrI¦.
-etIeK)ansresresovePAenHenATINa? ¬cMelIy ³ enAkñúgBn§naKar¦.
-etIfñaMejónNaxøH EdleFVIeGayeCrIejón?¬cMelIy ³ kavhit GaePon kBa¢a¦.
-etIeCrI )ancab;epþImeRbIfñaMejónBIeBlNa? ¬cMelIy ³ BIGayu12qñaM¦.
2>bnÞab;mk elak GñkRKU R)ab;sisSeGayRbmUlKñaCaRkumtUc²Edlman
smaCik4 rW 5nak;. RkumnImYy²RtUvBiPakSaelIsMnYrEdlmandUcxageRkamrYcehIy
sresrcMelIyelIRkdasmYysnøwk ³
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 44 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

-etIGñkmanGarmµN_y:agNaEdr enAeBlEdlGñk)anlWerOgrbs;eCrI ?
-etImanGñkNarMelaPelIsiTi§rbs;eCrI rWeT ? ¬cMelIy ³ man¦KWGñkNa ?
¬cMelIy ³ KWrdæa)al nig«BukmþayEdlmin)anykcitþTukdak;cat;viFankar
mutmaMkarBareCrI kuMeGayeRbIfñaMejón¦.
-etImansiTi§EdlTak;TgnwgkarejónfñaMejón rWeT ? ¬cMelIy ³ manKWsiTi§TTYl
karkarBarkMueGayeRbIfñaMejón¦.
- etIkarXuMxøÜnkumareRbIfñaMejon nig kardak;emeronGMBI { fñaMejonpþl;eRKaHfñak;}eGaykumareronkñúgsala CakarykcitþTukdak;karBarkumar BIkareRbIR)as;fñaMejonrWeT? eRBaHGVI?
eRkaykarBikakSasisSRtUveLIgbgðajcMelIyrbs;xøÜn eBlenaHelak GñkRKU
dwknaMsisSeGayTTYlsÁal;siTi§karkarBarmineGayeRbIfñaMejónehIyeGayGan
maRta 33 énGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar.
bnÞab;mkeTotelakGñkRKUdwknaMsisSBiPakSarkviFIkarBarxøÜnkMueGayrgeRKaH
edayfñaMejón. enAeBlsisSrkeXIjehIy elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGaysresr
KMnitenaHdak;elIRtbkpáa ¬KMniteRcIn RtbkpáaeRcIn¦ kñúgpÞaMgKMnUrmYydUcxageRkamenHrYcykrUbenHeTAbiTenACBa¢aMgfñak;eron ³
viFIbgáarkarejónfñaM

K> Gnuvtþn_elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGayerobrab;BIplvi)akénkarejón ehIyelakGñk
RKUR)ab;eKfaenATIbBa©b; fñaMejónbMpøajGnaKtrbs;BYkeK.
4>rgVaytMél ¬rWsMnYrbBa¢ak;karyl;dwg¦
elak GñkRKU GacerobcMEbbbTrgVaytMéltamkarécñRbDitrbs;xøÜn edIm,Ivas;sÞg;BIkMrityl;dwgrbs;sisSeTAelIsiTi§TTYlkarkarBarmineGayeRbIfñaMejón.
rgVaytMélGaceFVIeLIgenAmuncMnucGnuvtþn_ rWenA»kasNamYyeTot)an.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 45 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

siTi§TTYl)ankarGb;rM
karGb;rMRtUv)aneKTTYlsÁal;CayUryarNas;mkehIyfa CameFüa)ayd¾sMxan;
kñúgkarGPivDÆbuKÁliklkçN³rbs;buKÁl. b:uEnþb:unµanqñaMknøgeTAenH eK)anTTYl
sÁal;fakarGb;rM KWCasiTi§mUldæanrbs;mnusSTaMgGs;Kña. RKb;RbeTsEdl)ancuH
htßelxa nigeGaysc©ab½nelIGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar mankatBVkic©pþl;karGb;rMenA
kMritbzmsikSaedaymanlkçN³tMrUv nigedayminykkMérdl;kumarRKb;rUb. karGb;rMKYr
sMedAeTAdl;karGPivDÆeBjeljrbs;kumar rYmman karGPivDÆbuKÁliklkçN³ bMninbBaØa nigkaysm,Tarrbs;kumar edIm,IeGayeKsMerc)anskþanuPaBeBjelj.
RbB½n§Gb;rM KYreRbIR)as;viFankarTaMgLay edIm,IelIkTwkcitþkarmkeroneTogTat;
nigkat;bnßyGRtae)aHbg;karsikSa. ral;viFankardak;vin½yEdlsalaeronykmk
GnuvtþKYrEtRsbeTAnwgesckþIéføfñÚrCamnusSrbs;kumar.
cMngeCIgemeron³ siT§iTTYl)ankarGb;rM
fñak;TI³ 4-6
muxviC¢a³ Gb;rMsIlFm’
eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS³ siTi§TTYl)ankarGb;rM
ry³eBlbeRgon³ mYyem:agsikSa ¬40naTI¦
1>vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac ³- erobrab;sar³sMxan;énkarGb;rMcMeBaHCIvitrbs;xøÜn.
- Bnül;BIsiTi§TTYlkarGb;rM.
- Bnül;faehtuGVI)anCaBYkeKRtUvRbwgERbgeronsURtsMrab;GnaKt.
2>Éksareyag-sMPar³
lmaRtaTI26 énesckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS ³ {mnusSRKb;rUb mansiT§i
TTYlkarGb;rM}.
lmaRtaTI28 ¬1¦ énGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar ³ {rdæCaPaKITaMgLay TTYlsÁal;siTi§TTYlkarGb;rMrbs;kumarehIyedIm,IeFVIeGaysMercsiTi§enHeBjelj nigEp¥kelImUldæan»kasesµIKña rdæCaPaKIRtUv ³¬k¦erobcMkarGb;rMenAkMritbzmsikSaeGayeTACakarcaM)ac;rWkatBVkic©sMrab;
TaMgGs;Kña edayKµanbg;éfø.
¬x¦pþl;Bt’manBIkarGb;rM nigviC¢aCIv³ ehIynigkarENnaMeGaykumarTTYl)an
RKb;Kña.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 46 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

¬K¦ manviFankarelIkTwkcitþkarmkeroneTogTat; nigkat;bnßyGRtaRtYtfañk;.
maRta28 ¬2¦ ³ rdæCaPaKITaMgLay nwgmanviFankarsmRsbedImI,FanaeGay
kar RKb;RKgvin½yrbs;salaeronmanlkçN³ smRsbnwgesckþIéføfñÚrrbs;mnusS nig min R)ascakBIGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumarbc©úb,nñ.
lmaRta29 énGnusBaØadEdl)anEcgfa {rdæCaPaKITaMgLayTTYlsÁal;fakar
Gb;rMkumarRtUvmaneKaledA¬k¦ karGPivDÆbuKÁliklkçN³ bMnin bBaØanigkaysm,TaedIm,IeGayeKTTYl)anskþanuPaBeBjelj.
3>dMenIrkarénkarbeRgonk> lMnaMepþmI
elak GñkRKU epþImemeronedayEckRkdaskic©kareGaysisSKUssBaØa (ü)
cMeBaHXøal,HNaEdlxøÜneBjcitþ.
ehtuGVI´RtUveTAeron ?

´RtUveTAeron eRBaH ³- ´cg;ecHGanGkSr ecHKitelx.
- ´cg;køayxøÜnCamnusSl¥.
- ´cg;)ancMenHviC¢a edIm,IeFVIkargareTAGnaKt.
- ´cg;CYbCuMmitþPkþi.
- ´cg;eGayelakGñkRKUsresIr.
- ´cg;eGay«Bukmþaysb,aycitþ.
- ´cg;elgkILaenAsalaeron.
- ´cg;eXIjsYnpáaEdl´)andaM nigEfTaMral;éf¶.
éf¶TI

Ex qñaM

x> lMnaMGPivDÆn_1> elak GñkRKUrksisSsµ½RKcitþmñak;GanerOgrbs; { vij } ³

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 47 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

erOgrbs;vij
vijCasisSfñak;TI4 eronenAsalakñúgPUmimYyEk,rTIRkugPñMeBj. vijmin
cg;eTAeroneT eKCk;elgenAtampøÚv. mitþrbs;eKeTAsalaGs;ehIy. vijKitfa
kareronsURtenAsalaeronKYreGayFujfb;xøaMgNas; ehIyelakRKUEtgEteFVITNÐkmµeTAelIsisSeTotpg.
éf¶mYy vij)anTTYlGMenayCaR)ak;3mWunerol BIePJóvCamitþPkþirbs;«Buk
Edl)aneTAelgpÞH. vij sMerccitþfanwgykR)ak;enaHCYlBUedtGñkrt;m:UtUDubenA
edImPUmi eGayCUnedIrelgeGay)aneBjTIRkugmþg. BUedt CayuvCnmñak;Edlmin)ancUlerontaMgBIkumarrhUtmk.
éf¶GaTitümYyenaH BUedt nig vij CiHm:UtUEqVlcuHEqVleLIgBIpøÚvmYyeTApøÚv
mYykñúgTIRkugPñMeBj. eKTaMgBIrnak; minsÁal;nigmineKarBpøaksBaØacracrN_eT.
eKmin)anQb;cuHCYbbU:lIscracrN_ eBlb:UlIsehAeGayQb;eLIy. eKCiHelg
edaysb,ayePøcXøanGahar. rhUtdl;eBlresoleKvegVgpøÚvrkpøÚveTApÞHmin
eXIjehIyminha‘ncuHsYreK eRBaHeKdwgxøÜnfamanb:UlIscracrN_BIrnak;Edl)an
ehAeKeGayQb;BIRBwkenaH kMBugCiHm:UtUtamehAeKBIeRkayCafµIeTot.
eRkayGMnan elak GñkRKU sYrsMnYrdUcxageRkameTAkan;sisS edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIkaryl;xøwmsarGtßbT ³-etIenHCaerOgrbs;GñkNa ? ¬cMelIy ³ KWerOgrbs;kumarmñak;eQµaHvij¦-etIvijKiteXIjy:agNaBIkareronsURt ? ¬cMelIy ³ vijKitfakareronsURtKYr
eGayFujfb;xøaMgNas;¦-etIvij)aneFVIGVIxøH ? ¬cMelIy ³ elg CiHm:UtUedIrelg¦-ehtuGVI)anCavijvegVgpøÚv enAkñúgTIRkugPñMeBj ? ¬cMelIy ³ eRBaHvijminecH
GkSrminecHc,ab;cracrN_ mineKarBbU:lIscracrN_>>>>¦-etIGñkcg;eFVIdUcvij rWeT ? ¬cMelIy ³ tamkaryl;eXIjrbs;sisS¦ ehtuGVI?
-etIvij)anTTYl»kaseronsURtrWeT ? ¬cMelIy ³ vij)anTTYl»kaseronsURt
ehIy¦.
-etIvijmansiTi§TTYlkarGb;rMrWeT ? ¬cMelIy ³ vijmansiTi§TTYlkarGb;rMehIy
EteKminTTYlkarGb;rMeT¦.
-tameyabl;rbs;Gñk etIvijKYreFVIy:agNacMeBaHkareronsURt ? ehtuGVI ?
¬cMelIy ³ vijKYrRbwgERbgeronsURt eRBaH»kaseronsURt)anmkedaykMr
ebIeRbobeFobnwgkumarGnafamYycMnYn rhUtmkdl;eBlenH eKminTan;man»kas)ancUleron enAeLIy>>>>>¦ .
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 48 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

2>bnaÞb;mk elak GñkRKUTajykkarsnñidæanecjBIcMelIyrbs;sisS eday
sresrXøal,HxageRkamelIkþarexon ehIyeGaysisSGan nigcMlgCaemeron ³
kumarEdl)ancUleron mann½yfaeKman»kas)anTTYlkarGb;rMehIy. rdæ mankic©karCaeRcInRtUvbMeBj edIm,IFanasiTi§TTYlkarGb;rMrbs;kumar dUcCa ³¬k¦ erobcMkarGb;rMenAkMritbzmsikSaeGaymanlkçN³katBVkic©sMrab;TaMg
Gs;KñaedayKµanbg;éfø.
¬x¦ pþl;Bt’manBIkarGb;rM nigviC¢aCIv³ ehIynigkarENnaMeGaykumarTTYl)anRKb;Kña.
¬K¦manviFankarelIkTwkcitþkarmkeroneTogTat; nigkat;bnßyGRtaRtYtfñak;.
ehtuenH kumarRtUvxitxMRbwgERbgBüayamkñúgkareronsURt edIm,IGnaKtrbs;xøÜn.
K> Gnuvtþn_elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGayerobcMEpnkarGPivDÆpÞal;xøÜn tamKMrUxageRkam ³
E p n k a r G P i D Æ n _ pÞ a l ; x ø Ü n
edIm,Iecosvagkarxatbg;»kaskñúgkareronsURt´nwg ³bBaÄb;
cab;epþIm
bnþ]> kareKcsalaeron]> eTAeroneTogTat;]> eFVIkic©karsalaeday
ykcitþTukdak;
kM-sM ³ xøwmsarkñúgxÞg;nImYy²enH RtUvbMeBjedaysisSpÞal;.
4>rgVaytMél ¬rWsMnYrbBa¢ak;karyl;dwg¦
eyagmaRta28 nig29 énGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar elak GñkRKUGacerobcMEbb
bTrgVaytMéltamkarécñRbDitrbs;xøÜn edIm,Ivas;sÞg;BIkMrityl;dwg buKÁliklkçN³
rbs;sisSEdlCaplénkarGb;rMrbs;elak GñkRKU. rgVaytMélGacerobcMeLIgeday
KMnitpÞal;xøÜnk_)an GacerobcMtamcMnucmYycMnYndUcxageRkamk¾)an ³
l etIkumarmansµartIshkarCamYyKñarWeT ?
l etIkumarmankarcUlrYmkñúgskmµPaBsikSarWeT ?
l etIkumarh‘anbeBa©jKMniteyabl;pÞal;rbs;eKrWeT ?
l etIkumarecHBnül;ehtuplsmRsbrWeT ?
l etIkumarecHedaHRsaybBaðarWeT ?
l >>>>>>>l>>>>>>
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 49 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

siTi§TTYl)annUvkarkarBar
BIGMeBIekgRbv½Ba©esdækic©elIkumar
kumarRKb;rUbmansiTi§kñúgkarGPivDÆskþanuBlrbs;eKeGay)aneBjelj.
dUcenH kumarRKb;rUbmansiTi§TTYlkarkarBarBIkarekgRbvBa©½esdækic© nigBIkartMrUveGay
eFVIkargarNaEdlpþl;eRKaHfñak; rW rMxandl;kareronsURt rWbMpøajsuxPaB rW rMxandl;
karlUtlas;xagpøÚvkay bBaØa sµartI sIlFm’ rWTMnak;TMngsgÁm.
cMngeCIgemeron ³ Blkmµkumar
fñak;TI³ 4-6
muxviC¢a³ Gb;rMsIlFm‘’
eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS ³ siTi§TTYlkarkarBarRbqaMgnwgBlkmµkumar
nigsiT§iTTYlkarGb;rM
ry³eBlbeRgon ³ mYyem:agsikSa¬40naTI¦
1>vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac ³- Bnül;faehtuGVI)anCakumarRtUvkarkarBarRbqaMgBlkmµkumar.
- erobrab;viFIkarBarkumarRbqaMgnwgBlkmµkumar.
- niyayGMBIsiTi§EdleTIb)aneronTaMgBIr.
2>Éksareyag-sMPar³
lmaRtaTI32 ¬1¦ énGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar ³ {rdæCaPaKITaMgLayTTYlsÁal;siTi§kumarkñúgkarTTYlkarkarBarRbqaMgnwgkarekgRbv½Ba©Epñkesdækic© nigBIkartMrUv
eGayeFVIkarNamYyEdlpþl;eRKaHfñak; rWrMxandl;kareronsURt rWbMpøajsuxPaB rWrMxandl;karlUtlas;xagpøÚvkay bBaØa sµartI sIlFm’ rW TMnak;TMngsgÁm}.
lmaRtaTI28 ¬1¦ énGnusBaØasþIBIsiT§ikumar ³ rdæCaPaKITaMgLay TTYlsÁal;siTi§TTYlkarGb;rMrbs;kumar ehIyedIm,IeGaysMercsiTi§enHeBjelj nigEpñkelImUldæan»kasesµIKña rdæCaPaKIRtUv ³¬k¦ erobcMkarGb;rMenAkMritbzmsikSaeGaymanlkçN³CakatBVkic© sMrab;TaMg
Gs;Kña edayKµanbg;éfø.
¬x¦ pþl;Bt’manBIkarGb;rM nigviC¢aCIv³ ehIynigkarENnaMeGaykumarTTYl)an
RKb;Kña.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 50 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

¬K¦ manviFankarelIkTwkcitþkarmkeroneTogTat; nigkat;bnßyGRtaRtYtfñak;.
lmaRta28 ¬1¦ ³ rdæCaPaKITaMgLay nwgmanviFankarsmRsbedIm,IFana
eGaykarRKb;RKgvin½yrbs;salaeronmanlkçN³smRsbnwgesckþIéføfñÚrrbs;mnusS
nigminR)ascakBIGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumarbc©úb,nñ.
l rUbPaBekµgRsImñak;kMBugGgÁúye)akkMralBUkmYyKMnrFM.
l sMdIrbs;kumarI kBaØa .
3> dMenIrkarénkarbeRgonk> lMnaMepþIm
elak GñkRKU epþImemeronedayelIkrUbPaBGMBIekµgRsImñak;kMBugGgÁúye)ak
kMralBUkmYyKMnrFMbgðajsisS ehIysYrsisSfaekµgRsIenHkMBugeFVIGVI ?
x> lMnaMGPivDÆn_1> elak GñkRKUeGaysisSmñak;sµ½RKcitþGanGtßbTmYyniyayGMBI { CIvit
enATIRkug } .
CIvitenATIRkug´eQµaH kBaØa ´manGayu 12 qñaM. ´cakecjBIRKYsarRkIRkmYyrs;enAtMbn;
CnbT. «Bukrbs;´Caksikr.
manéf¶mYyenaH GñkCitxagmñak;Edl)aneTAeFVIkarenATIRkug)anmkpÞH´.
Kat;sYr´fa etI´cg;eTAeFVIkarCamYyKat;enATIRkugrWweT. Kat;Bnül;R)ab;´faebI´eTAeFVIkarenATIRkug ´nwgrkR)ak;)aneRcInedIm,IepJImkRKYsar. ´k_eCO ehIymktam
Kat;.
CIvPaBrbs;´enATIRkuglM)aklMbinNas;. ´kMrnwgmaneBlbnþicbnþÜcedIm,IsMrak BIeRBaH´RtUveRkakBIdMenkBIRBlwmRsag²edIm,IeFVIkargar ehIymin)ansMrak
eTrhUtdl;em:agR)aMbIknøHyb;. CYnkal ´eFVIkargarrhUtdl;em:agdb;yb; ´RtUv
bMerIkargarpÞHeGayeK edIm,IykR)ak;epJIeTARKYsar. ´manGarmµN_keNþackENþg
KµannrNamñak;ykcitþTukdak;nwg´eT. ´TTYl)ankMérbnþicbnþÜcb:unenaH.
enAeBlNaEdl´)aneXIjekµg²kan;esovePAeTAeron ´RcENnnwgBYkeK.
´R)afñaeGay)aneTAerondUcBYkeK ´nwkpÞHNas; ´cg;eTApÞH.
eRkayGMnan elak GñkRKU sYrsMnYrdUcxageRkameTAkan;sisS edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIkaryl;xøwmsarGtßbT ³- etIGñkNaCaGñkniyayerOg ? ¬cMelIy ³ KWkumarI eQµaH kBaØa¦.
- etInagmkBINa ? ¬cMelIy ³ nagmkBIRKYsarksikrRkIRk enACnbT¦.
- ehtuGVI)anCanagyl;RBmmkeFVIkarenATIRkug ? ¬cMelIy ³ eRBaHnageCOsMdI
GñkCitxag¦.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 51 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

- etInagmanCIvPaBEbbNaenATIRkug ? ¬cMelIy ³ nagbMerIkargarpÞHKµaneBlsMrakBIRBlwmRsagrhUtdl;em:agR)aMbIknøHyb; rWem:agdb;yb; ehIyTTYl)ankMérbnþicbnþÜc¦.
2>RKUR)ab;eGaysisSRbmUlKñaCaRkumtUc²EdlmanKñabYnnak; edIm,IKitBicarNa
GMBIkumarEdleFVIkargarrkkMér edayBiPakSaelIsMnYrdUcxageRkam ³- etIGñkmanGarmµN_y:agNaEdr kalebI)ansþab;erOgra:vrbs;nagkBaØa ?
¬cMelIy ³ GaNitGasUr esaksþay>>>>>¦.
- etIkumarGayu12qñaM dUcnagkBaØaKYreFVIkargaredIm,IRKYsar edaymin)aneTA
erondUcenHEdrrWeT ?¬cMelIy ³ minKYreT sUmRby½tñcMeBaHkarTTYlyk
cMelIyrbs;sisSeRBaHfasisSExµreRcInmanqnÞ³kñúgkarCYykargar«Bukmþay
rhUtsµ½RKcitþe)aHbg;kareronsURt¦. ehtuGVI ? ¬cMelIy ³ eRBaHkareFVIkargar
edaymin)aneTAeron bNþaleGaykumarminmanGnaKtl¥>>¦.
- RbsinebIGñkCa kBaØa etIGñknwgeFVIGVI ? ehtuGVI ? ¬cMelIy ³ ´nwgCYyeFVIkar
gar«BukmþayenApÞH ehIyeqøóteBleTAeronenAsalapg¦.
3>bnÞab;BIsisS)aneLIgbgðajcMelIyrbs;Rkumerog²xøÜn elak GñkRKUTajykkarsnñidæanecjBIcMelIyrbs;sisS sresrCaXøal,HdUcxageRkamelIkþarexon ehIyeGaysisSGannigcMlgCaemeron ³k>kumarRKb;rUbmansiTi§TTYlkarGb;rMedIm,ImankarGPivDÆskþanuPaBeBj
elj.

x> kumarGaceFVIkargarNaEdlminrMxandl;kareronsURt rWpþl;eRKaHfñak;dl;
suxPaB rWb:HBal;dl;karGPivDÆpøÚvkay bBaØa sµartI sIlFm’ rWTMnak;TMngsgÁm.
K>RbsinebIkumarmin)aneTAeron edaysarEtRtUvbgçMeGayeFVIkargarenaHman
n½yfasiTi§rbs;kumar RtUveKrMelaPehIykarlUtlas;rIkcMerInrbs;eKxag
R)aCJasµartIRtUvGak;xan.
K> Gnuvtþn_elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGayKUrnigsresrBaküeBcn_elIRkdaspÞaMgFM EdlGac
ykeTAeRbIR)as;CapÞaMgrUbPaB pSBVpSayGMBIkarRbqaMgnwgBlkmµkumar)an.
4>rgVaytMél ¬rWsMnYrbBa¢ak;karyl;dwg¦
elak GñkRKUGacerobcMEbbbTrgVaytMéltamkarécñRbDitrbs;xøÜn edIm,Ivas;
sÞg; BIkMrityl;dwgrbs;sisSGMBIsiTi§TTYlkarkarBarBIkarekgRbv½Ba©Epñkesdækic©nig
siTi§TTYlkarGb;rM. rgVaytMélGaceFVIeLIgenAmuncMnucGnuvtþn_.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 52 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

siTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarbeBa©jmtieyabl;;
CaRbéBNI GñkEdlmanzan³TabCag rw EdlsßiteRkambgÁab; RtUvEteKarB nig
sþab;bgÁab;GñkEdlmanzan³x<s;Cag rWEdlCaemekIy. b:uEnþ edaykgVHsuPnic½äy Gñk
Edlmanzan³x<s;Cag EtgrMelaPCiHCan;Gñkmanzan³TabCagrWEdlsßiteRkambgÁab;edIm,IbegáInGMnac\Ti§Bl rW edIm,IPaBsuxRsYlrbs;xøÜn. kñúgkrNIenH GñkEdlmanzan³
TabCag rWGñkEdlsßiteRkambgÁab;enaHRtUvTTYlkarraraMgsUm,IEtcg;sMEdgKMniteyabl;
GMBIsßanPaBrbs;xøÜn k¾minGaceFVI)an.
emeronenH cg;eGaysisSyl;GMBIsiTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarsMEdgKMniteyabl;
EdlmanEcgkñúgmaRtaTI19 énesckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiT§imnusS.
cMngeCIgemeron
fañk;TI
muxviC¢aeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS
ry³eBlbeRgon³ KMniteyabl;rbs;´³ 4-6³ Gb;rMsIlFm’³ siTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarsMEdgKMniteyabl;³ mYyem:agsikSa¬40naTI¦

1>vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac ³
l Bnül;Gtßn½yénsiTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarsMEdgKMnit nigeyabl; nigesckþI
RtUvkarcMeBaHsiTi§enaH .
l kM n t; r kkarGnu v tþ R tw m RtU v cM e BaHsi T i § m anesrI P aBkñ ú g karsM E dgKM n i t ni g eya
bl;rbs;GñkdéT.
lBnül;BIkarcaM)ac;kñúgkareKarBsiT§imanesrIPaBkñúgkarbeBa©jmtieyabl;.
2> Éksareyag-sMPar³
lmaRta19 énesckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS ³ mnusSRKb;rUb mansiTi§
esrIPaBkñúgkarmanmti nigkarsEmþgmti. siTi§enH rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgesrIPaBkñúgkarRb
kan;mtiedayKµankareRCotERCk nigesrIPaBkñúgkarEsVgrkkarTTYl nigkarpSBVpSay
Bt’man nigKMnitnanaedayKµanRBMEdn eTaHtamry³meFüa)aysEmþgmtiNamYy
k¾eday.
l erOg {l¶acmYyenApÞHnagbu)öa}.
3>dMenIrkarénkarbeRgon
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 53 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

k> lMnaMepþmI
elak GñkRKUniyayeTAkan;sisSfa tamk,Ünc,ab;BIedImerogmk kUnExµrRbusRsI
RtUvEteKarBnigsþab;bgÁab;«BukmþaynigbgRbusRsI. b:uEnþ CYnkal«Buk mþaynigbg
RbusRsIk_RtUvkarsþab;eyabl;kUn rW b¥ÚnvijEdr. kñúgzan³CakUn rW b¥Ún etIGñkGac
beBa©jeyabl;edayviFINa ?
x> lMnaMGPivDÆn_1> elak GñkRKU R)ab;sisSeGayGanerOg {l¶acmYyenApÞHnagbu)öa} edayman
karelIkdak;sMelg eTAtamBMenalrbs;tYGgÁ ³
erOg l¶acmYyenApÞHnagbu)öa
l¶acmYyenApÞHnagbu)öa mþayniyayeTA«Buk edaysMelgenOyht; ³-RKYsareyIgkan;Ety:ab;yWuneTA² BukvaÉg ehIynig´kan;Etcas; GaTn;kUnRbusc,g
rbs;eyIgeTIbEtRblgCab;cUlmhaviTüal½y. ´RBYycitþNas; ´RbEhlCaeGaybu)öaQb;eronehIy edIm,I)anCYyeFVInMlk;.
«BukRKvIk,al ehIytb ³- eT¡ Em:va vasMxan;Nas;EdlRtUvTukeGayBYkvaTaMgGs;Kña)aneronenaH. eTaH
Cay:agNak_eday k_minRtUveGaykUnmYyNaQb;eroneT eTaHvaCaRbusk_
edayCaRsIk_eday. EmneTEm:va ?
mþayeqøIy ³-b:uEnþebICIvPaBeyIgenAEtlM)aky:agenH etIeyIgmanR)ak;ÉNanwgpþl;eGay
vaCaerogral;éf¶enaH? etIR)ak;Exrbs;BukvaÉgTb;Tl;)anEdrrWeT ?
«Buktbvij edaysMelgtic² ³-tamBiteTA ´k_cg;eGayRKYsareyIgmancMnUlRKb;RKan;Edr. eGI ¡ ebIEm:vaÉg
cg;eGaybu)aöenApÞH emþck_ÉgminsYrcitþvaeTA ?
mþayeqøIyvij edaytwgsMelg ³-mincaM)ac;sYrvaeT ¡ eyIgCa«BukmþayvaeyIgmansiTi§sMercGVI²TaMgGs; vaRtUv
Etsþab;bgÁab;eyIg.
«BukRKvIk,almYy²mþgeTot ehIytb ³-eT> eT ¡ «BukmþayRtUvEtsþab;kUnniyay ehIyRtUveKarBeyabl;rbs;va ¡mþayniyayxøaMg² ³-minGIeT ¡ caM´sYrvak_)an ¡mþaygakeTArkbnÞb;bu)öa ehIyERskehA ³-bu)öa ¡ eGIybu)öa ¡ mkenHemIl_ Em:sYrbnþic ¡lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 54 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

bu)öart;ecjmkeRkAbnÞb; ehIysYrmþay ³-ca+Em: ¡ Em:mankarGVI ?
mþaysMlwgmuxkUn ehIyniyay ³-bu)öa ¡ Em:cg;R)ab;kUnbnþic CIvPaBRKYsareyIgkan;Ety:ab;yWuneTA². bgRbus
rbs;ÉgRtUvcUleronenAmhaviTüal½yRtUvcMnayeRcIn. GuIcwgehIy Em:cg;
eGayÉgQb;eronedIm,I)anCYyeFVInMlk; etIkUnKity:agNaEdr ?
bu)öaeGanmuxcuH ehIyniyayCMTas;TaMgbgçM ³-Em: ´mincg;Qb;eroneT. karQb;eron eFVIeGay´Bi)akcitþ. mitþPkþi´EdlenAEk,rpÞHeyIgeKeTAeronTaMgGs;KñaNaEm:>>>>.
mþaydkdegðIm ehIysYr ³-kUnKitemIleTA etIEm:GacrkR)ak;BINa)an edIm,IciB©awmkUn ?
bnÞab;BIKit)anbnþic bu)öasYrmþay ³-ebICIvPaBeyIglM)akdUcenH ´nwgeTAeronknøHéf¶ ehIyTukeBlenApÞHknøHéf¶edIm,ICYyeFVInMenAeBlyb; ´RtUvenAdl;yb;eRCAedIm,IeFVIkic©karsala . eFVI
EbbenH etIEm:RBmeT?
mþayeqøIyedayGl;EGk ³-ebIÉgKiteXIjEbbenHEm:minfaGVIeT EtÉgnwgRtUvenOyht;eRcIn .
bu)aötbedayTwkmuxjjwm ³-minGIeTEm: ¡ ´nwgBüayam ¡«BukminEGGg;k_niyaybnÞr ³-RtUvehIy²¡ ÉgniyayRtUv¡ Bukyl;Rsb ¡ ¬ehIyKat;gakeTAmþay¦ em:c
Em:vayl;RsbrWenA ?
mþayeqøIy ³- eGI¡ Em:k_yl;RsbEdr ¡bu)aöjjwmedayrIkray ³-GrKuN BuknigEm:¡ kUnsnüafanwgxMeronEfmeTot.
eRkayGMnan elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGayRbmUlKñaCaRkumtUc² ¬4nak;mYy
Rkum¦ ehIyBiPakSaKñarkcMelIyeqøIytbnwgsMnYrxageRkam ³
1>etIGñkyl;y:agNaEdrcMeBaHeyabl;rbs;mþaynig«Bukrbs;bu)öacMeBaHkar
sikSarbs;nag ?
2>etIeyabl;rbs;bu)öakñúgkarCYymþaysmRsbrWeT ?
3>RbsinebIGñkCabu)öa etIGñknwgedaHRsaybBaðadUcemþc ?
4> etIGñkmanGarmµN_y:agNa RbsinebIGñkKµansiTi§beBa©jeyabl; ?
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 55 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

cUrpþl;cMelIydak;kñúgtaragxageRkam¬RKUEckRkdas taragenHtamRkum¦ ³
eyabl;rWGarmµN_
yl;Rsb¼minyl;Rsb
mUlehtu
1>eyabl;rbs;mþay
2>eyabl;rbs;«Buk
3>eyabl;rbs;bu)aä
4>eyabl;rbs;Gñk
5>GarmµN_rbs;GñkenAeBl
KµansiTi§beBa©jeyabl;eRkayeBlBiPakSa RKUcat;eGaytMnagRkumeLIgraykarN_BIlT§pl. Rbsin
ebImanTsSn³ExVgKña rvagRkumnImYy²GMBIeyabl;rbs;«Bukmþaybu)öa elak GñkRKUKYr
esñIeGaysisSCYyedaHRsaycMeBaHTsSn³ExVgKñaenH. rYcehIy elak GñkRKUCYy
sisSeGaybBa¢ak;mUlehtuénkaryl;eXIjxusKñaenaH.
2>elak GñkRKUsegçbBIGarmµN_enAeBlKµansiTi§beBa©jeyabl;EdlsisS
sresrmk elakGñkRKUbBa¢ak;fa eyabl;TaMgLaykñúgkarCYyedaHRsaybBaðaRKYsar
rbs;bu)öa EdlGñk)ansresrmknwgRtUvkb;)at;KµaneKdwg RbsinebIGñkKµansiTi§kñúg
karsMEdgKMnitrWeyabl;. enHKWCaGtßn½yénsiTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarsMEdgKMnit rW
eyabl; eBalKW enaHCasiTi§man»kascUlrYmedaHRsaybBaðaBiPakSabBaða rWbeB©aj
eyabl;eGayeKdwglW.
3> elak GñkRKUTajesckþIsnñidñanniyayR)ab;sisS ³
RKYsarnImYy²EtgEtmanbBaðaerog²xøÜnedIm,IedaHRsay. kñúgnamCakUn Gñk
KYrcUlrYmedaHRsaybBaðaCYydl;«BukmþayGñk CaBiesscMeBaHbBaðaEdlTak;TgnwgxøÜn
GñkpÞal;.
bnÞab;mkelak GñkRKUsresrXøal,HxageRkamdak;elIkþarexonehIyeGay
sisSGannigkt;RtaCaemeron ³
eKalkarN_sMxan;kñúgkarGnuvtþsTi ie§ dIm,IesrIPaBkñgú karsMEdgKMnitrWeyabl;
lkumarmansiTi§sMEdgecjKMniteyabl;rbs;BYkeK GMBIbBaðaEdlTak;Tgnwg
kumar.
l KMniteyabl;smRsbrbs;kumarcaM)ac;RtUvTTYlkareKarB.
l mnusSRKb;rUb caM)ac;RtUveKarBkarsMEdgKMnitrWeyabl;rbs;GñkdéT.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 56 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

K> karGnuvtþ
elak GñkRKUdak;kic©kareGaysisSeFVIenApÞH edayeGayeqøIysMnYrdUc
xageRkam ³
etIGñkRtUvGnuvtþsiTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarsMEdgKMnitrWeyabl;dUcemþcxøHenA
salaeron nigenApÞH ?
4>rgVaytMél ¬sMnYrbBa¢ak;karyl;dwg¦
elak GñkRKUGaceRbIR)as;viFIsmRsbNamYyedIm,IvaytMélkaryl;dwgrbs;
sisSGMBIsiTi§manesrIPaBkñúgkarsMEdgKMnitrWeyabl;. rgVaytMélGaceFVI)anenAmun
karGnuvtþ ¬lMnaMbBa©b;¦.

rUbftBIkumarkm<úCalMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 57 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

siTi§mansnþisuxsgÁm
mnusSRKb;rUbmansiTi§snþisuxsgÁm nigsiTi§esdækic©sgÁmnigvb,Fm’. siTi§TaMg
enHminGacEjkecjBIKña)aneT eRBaHCakarFanaesckþIéføfñÚrrbs;mnusS nigkarGPivDÆ
buKÁliklkçN³edayesrIrbs;mnusS. sRgÁam PaBRkIRk nigeRKaHFmµCatiraraMgkar
sMerc)annUvsiT§ienH . edIm,IFanakarsMerc)annUvsiT§ienH kar]btßmÖGMBIrdæaPi)al nig
smaCiksgÁmmansar³sMxan; .
cMngeCIgemeron
fñak;TI
muxviC¢aeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS
ry³eBlbeRgon³ ´manbMngCYyrMElk³ 4-6³ BlrdæviC¢a¼sikSasgÁm
³ siTi§mansnþisuxsgÁm
³ mYyem:agsikSa ¬40naTI¦

1>vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac ³- rab;siTi§sMxan;²EdlmanenAkñúgsiTi§snþisuxsgÁm.
- kMnt;rkviFITaMgLayedIm,IFanakarGnuvtþsiTi§TaMgenaH .
- eFVIkarsMerceRCIserIsvIFIseRgÁaHNamYyedIm,IbgðajBIkarGaNitGasUrcMeBaH
CnrgeRKaHedaykarrMelaPsiT§i.
2>Éksareyag-sMPar³- maRta22 énesckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS³ }kñúgzan³CasmaCíkénsgÁm mnusSRKb;rUbmansiTi§TTYl)ansniþsuxsgÁm nigmanbuBVsiTi§seRmc)ansiTi§xagesdækic©sgÁmkic© nigvb,Fm’ EdlcaM)ac;sRmab;esckIþéføfñÚr nigkarrIkcMerInedayesrIénbuKÁliklkçN³rbs;xøÜntamry³karxitxMrbs;Cati nigshRbtibtiþkarGnþrCati nig
edayeyageTAtamkarerobcM nigFnFanrbs;RbeTsnImYy².
- rUbPaB erOgBit nig]TahrN_sþIBIkarbgðajBICIvitrbs;kumar nigmnusScas;
EdlsßitkñúgPaBRkIRkrgeRKaHedayeRKaHFmµCati rWsRgÁam.
3>dMenIrkarénkarbeRgonk> lMnaMepþmI
elak GñkRKUepþImemeronedaysYrsMnYrdUcxageRkam. elak GñkRKU sYrehIy
bg¥g;bnþiceTIbsYrsMnYrmYyeTot edaymin)ac;cg;)ancMelIyBIsisS.
etIGñkFøab;Ca rW Føab;CYbRbTHeXIj CnrgeRKaHedaysRgÁamrWeT? etIBYkeKman
CIvPaBrs;enAy:agemþcEdr?.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 58 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

etIGñkFøab;Ca b¤Føab;RbeTHeXIj CnrgeRKaHkñúgrbbRbl½yBUCsasn_rWeT?
etIBYkeKmanCIvPaBrs;enAy:agemþcEdr?
etIGñkFøab;Ca rI Føab;CYb RbCaCnEdlrs;enAkñúgtMbn;RkIRkGt;XøanenAkñúgRbeTs
mYy rW TIRkugmYyEdleTIbrYcputBIsRgÁamrWeT? etIBYkeKmanCIvPaBrs;enAy:agdUcemþc
Edr?
etIGñkFøab;Ca rI Føab;CYb RbCaCnEdlrgeRKaHedayeRKaHFmµCatiraMgs¶Üt rW xül;
BüúH TwkCMnn;rWeT? etIBYkeKmanCIvPaBrs;enAy:agdUcemþcEdr?
x> lMnaMGPivDÆn_ ³
1>elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGayRbmUlKñaCaRkumtUc² ehIyeGayRkumnImYy²
eLIgmkelIkbgðajrUbPaB rWniyayerOgBitGMBICIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaCnEdl
sßitkñúgsßanPaBdUcxagelI ¬sRgÁam karkab;sMlab; PaBRkIRkGt;Xøan eRKaHFmµCati¦.
RkumnImYy²eLIgeFVIkic©karrbs;xøÜn. eRkaykarbgðaj RKUsYrbnþeTot ³ edIm,IsMEdgsmancitþ karGaNitGasUr nig]btßmÖdl;CnTaMgenaHetIBYkeKGaceFVIGVIxøH? sisS
eLIgeqøIyeTot.
2>elak GñkRKU eGaysisSBiPakSakñúgRkumdEdl GMBIsMnYrdUcxageRkam ³
k>kñúgcMenamRkumCnrgeRKaHEdl)anerobrab;xagelI etIRkummYyNaEdlrg
eRKaHedaysarkarrMelaPsiTi§mnusS? ¬cMelIy ³ KWRkumEdlrgeRKaHedaysRgÁam
\Ti§BlénsRgÁam nigrbbRbl½yBUCsasn_¦ etICnrgeRKaHTaMgenaH RtUveKrMelaP
siTi§GVIxøH?¬cMelIy ³ siTi§manCIviti siTi§manRTBükmµsiTi§ siTi§manTIlMenAmanGaharman
fñaMsgáÚvBüa)aleraK siTi§EdlFanaesckþIéføfñÚrpÞal;xøÜn>>>>>¦.
elak GñkRKUGacniyaybEnßmeTAelIcMelIyrbs;sisSfa siTi§EdlGñkerob
rab;mkenHsßitenAkñúgsiTi§cMbgmYyehAfa{siTi§snþisuxsgÁm}.
x> kñúgnamCasmaCiksgÁm etIGñkGaccUlrYmCYydl;CnrgeRKaH)anEdrrWeT?
etIGñkCYyedayvIFINa? ¬cMelIy ³ GaRs½yelIsisS¦.
eRkayeBlsisSeLIgeFVIr)aykarN_BIlT§plBiPakSarbs;xøÜn elak GñkRKUeFVIkarbBa¢ak;karyl;dwgrbs;sisSeTAelIsiTi§mansnþisuxsgÁm nigmeFüa)ay edIm,IFana)ankarsMercsiTi§enaH edayniyaynigsresrenAelIkþarexonnUvXøal,H dUcxag
eRkam ³buKÁlRKb;rUbmansiTi§rs;enA nigsiTi§snþisuxsgÁm GñkEdlenACuMvijeyIg
mankatBVkic©CYyeyIg edIm,IFanakarsMercsiTi§enaH.
enAeBlEdleyIgCYyrMElkTukçlM)akKñaeTAvijeTAmk enAeBlenaHmitþPaB
rvagKñanwgKñakan;EtRbesIreLIg kan;EtsiñT§sñaleLIg nigFana)ankarRTRTg;siTi§snþi
suxsgÁm smdUcsuPasitmYyEcgfa{karrMElkTukç KWCakarTTYlykTukçBak;kNþal}rWlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 59 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

{kareFVIeGayrMsayTukçBak;kNþal} . skmµPaBCYyrMElkTukçlM)ak KWCaskmµPaB
RTRTg;siTi§edIm,ImansniþsuxsgÁm.
K> Gnuvtþn_elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGayeFVIEpnkarpÞal;xøÜnGMBIviFICYyrMElkTukçlM)akdl;
mitþrYmfñak; mitþrYmsala rWCnEdlrgeRKaHedaysRgÁam rWeRKaHFmµCati edaysresr
tamTMrg;dUcxageRkam ³

EpnkarCYyrMElkrbs;´
nwgCYyGñkNa? ehtuGVIRtUvCYy? CYyedayviFINa? CYyenAeBlNa? sMercfaCYy¬htßelxa¦

4>rgVaytMélelak GñkRKUGaceRbIR)as;viFIsmRsbNamYy edIm,IvaytMélkaryl;dwg
rbs;sisSeTAelIsiTi§snþisuxsgÁm nigkrNIykic©rbs;mnusSRKb;rUbkñúgkarRTRTg; nig
karBarsiTi§enaH. rgVaytMélGaceFVIenAmunkarGnuvtþ ¬lMnaMbBa©b;¦ )an.
karBnül;n½yelIvaküsBÞ ³snþisuxsgÁm ³ plkMérfvika nigplkMérdéTeTotEdlerobcMeLIgedayrdæedIm,I
CYydl;RbCaBlrdæ CameFüa)ayepSg² edIm,IedaHRsaykñúgsßanPaBKµankargareFVI
pþl;esvasuxPaBedaytMélefak nigRKb;RKan; FanaesaFnnivtþn_dl;GñkcUlnivtþn_.l.
[tamvcnanuRkmeQµaH BRIAN W.W Welsh and Pavel Butorin/Dictionary ofDevelopment (New York: Garland Publishing, 1990, page 907)].

kñúgmaRtaTI25énesckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS siTi§mansnþisuxsgÁm
RKbdNþb;dl;eBlKµankargareFIV manCMgW Bikar emm:ay cas;Cra rWxVHxatCIvPaBkñúg
sßanPaBsßiteRkAkarRKb;RKgrbs;GñkBak;B½n§.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 60 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

CnBikarEPñkmansiT§ieronGkSr

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 61 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

siT§ieFVIkargar
sisSanusisSKYrsikSaedIm,Iyl;dwgfa mnusSRKb;rUbmansiTi§eFVIkargar siTi§eRCIs
erIskargaredayesrI nigsiT§manlkçx½NÐkargarRtwmRtUv. sisSanusisSk_KYryl;dwg
pgEdrfasiTi§TTYlkarbg;éføRtwmRtUvcMeBaHkargarEdl)anbMeBj FanaeGaybuKÁl nig
RKYsarmanCIvPaBsmrmütamesckþIéføfñÚrCamnusS.
cMngeCIgemeron
fñak;TI
muxviC¢aeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS
ry³eBlbeRgon³ kargareRkamkMedAéf¶³ 4-6³ sikSasgÁm viTüasaRsþ eKhviC¢a³ siTi§eFVIkargar nig siTi§manCIvPaBsmrmü³ mYyem:agsikSa ¬40naTI¦

1>vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac ³-Bnül;BIsiT§irbs;ksikrkñúgkarRbkbkargarciB©awmCIvit nigsiTi§TTYl)anCIvPaB
rs;enAsmrmü.
-pþl;eyabl;GMBIviFIelIkkMBs;CIvPaBrs;enArbs;xøÜn.
2>Éksareyag-sMPar³-maRtaTI6 énGnusBaØaGnþrCatisþIBIsiT§iesdækic© sgÁm nigvb,Fm’ { cMeBaH
GnusBaØaenH rdæCaPaKITTYlsÁal;siTi§eFVIkargar edaymanrYmbB©ÚalsiTi§rbs;mnusSRKb;rUbedIm,Iman»kasTTYl)anCIvPaBsmrmü edaysarkargarEdleK)aneRCIserIseday
esrIrW )anRBmeRBogeFVI ehIynwgQanCaCMhan²eTAkarBarsiTi§enH.
-bTcMerog {eyIgdaMeBat}.
3>dMenIrkarénkarbeRgon
k>lMnaMepþIm
elak GñkRKU eGaysisSeRcogcMerogmYybT ¬tamlMnaMbTNamYy¦ Edlman
cMngeCIgfa {eyIgdaMeBat} ¬rWeGayeRcogcMerogNamYyeTot GMBIkareFVIkarrYmKñaenA
ERscMkar¦ ³
eyIgdaMeBat
cUreyIgTaMgGs;Kña
rUtmñImñaxMdaMeBatsYneyIgRss;rhUt
eyIgdaMeBatral;rdUv.
eyIgkab;eyIgkab;dI
eTaHht;kþIekþAeBkkUv
citþeyIgKµanhµgesA
eTaHéf¶ekþAeyIgrIkray.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 62 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

eBateyIgnwglUtlas;ébtgRss;EbkRtsay
ecjpáarIksÁússÁay
eyIgsb,aycaMkac;Epø.
x> lMnaMGPivDÆ
elak GñkRKUeGaysisSBiPakSaGMBIxøwmsarénbTcMerog tamsMnYrdUcteTA ³- cMerogR)ab;eyIgGMBIGVI? ¬karkab;dIdaMeBat karsgÇwmTTYlpl¦- GñkNaCaGñkeFVIkargarenAERscMkar? ¬ksikr¦.
- etIkargarksikrmanGVIxøH? ¬eFVIERs eFVIcMkar ciBa©wmstV>>>>>>>¦.
- etIkargarNaxøH EdlksikrRtUveFVIeRkamkMedAéf¶ ? ¬eFVIERs eFVIcMkar XValeKa rkGus eFVIpÞH>>>>¦. etIkargarenaHmanPaBlM)aklMbin rWeT ?
- etIksikrRtUvTTYl)anplGVIxøH?
bnÞab;mkelakGñkRKURtUvEbgEcksisSCaRkumehIyRkumnImYy²BiPakSaelIsMnYr
dUcxageRkam ³- ehtuGVI)anCaksikrRtUveFVIkarrYmKña ? ¬eRBaHmankargareRcInRtUvCYyKñaeTA
vijeTAmk¦.
- ehtuGVIksikrRtUveFVIkarepSgeTotenArdUvR)aMg ? ¬eRBaHksikrRtUvkarelIk
kMBs;CIvPaBrs;enArbs;xøÜn¦.
enAeBlsisSeLIgraykarN_BIlT§plénkarBiPakSa elakRKUGñkRKU dwknaMsisS
eGayBicarNabEnßmcMeBaHeKalKMnitsþIBIPaBRkIRk kareFIVkargarrYmKña CIvPaBrs;rnA
smrmü nig siT§ieFVIkargaredIm,IciBaw©mCIvit.
elak GñkRKUGacbgðajrUbPaBedIm,ICYysisSkñúgkarBicarNaeKalKMnitxagelI.
elak GñkRKUbUksrublT§plénkarBiPakSaedayniyayfa ³ {mnusSRKb;rUb
mansiTi§eFVIkargar. siTi§enHmanGtßn½yCYyeGaymnusSmanCIvPaBsmrmü eTaHCaBYk
eKCaksikrenAERscMkarrWCakmµkrenAkñugTIRkugk_eday. eKminRtUvraraMgsiTi§enHeTpÞúyeTAvijeKRtUvelIkkMBs; nigkarBar.
RbsinebIksikrCakmµkrenATIRkug efAEkrbs;eKRtUvmanTMnYlxusRtUvkñúgkar
karBarsiTi§rbs;eK ehIyRtUvra:b;rgpþl;R)ak;ExsmrmüeGayeKRBmTaMgpþl;lkçx½NÐ
kargarRtwmRtUvdl;eKeTotpg :.
K> Gnuvtþn_elak GñkRKUeGaysisSKUrrUbPaBGMBIksikreFVIkargarrYmKñaedIm,IelIkkMBs;
CIvPaBrs;enAeGay)ansmrmü.
4>rgVaytMélelak GñkRKUeGaysisSKUrrUbPaBGMBIkargarNamYyEdleKcg;eFVIeTAGnaKt
ehIyRtUvsresrBIeRkamrUbPaBenaHGMBIsiTi§EdleK)aneronrYc RBmTaMgvIFIkarBar
siTi§enaHpg.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 63 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

Drawing: Sasikarn Hantrikanon
Santa Cruz School, Bangkok, Thailand

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusSenAmFümsikSa

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 66 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

siTi§mansmPaB
kumarTaMgGs;mansmPaBdUcmnusSCatiTaMgGs;. bu:EnþsßanPaBrbs;kumar
TaMgLaymindUcKñaCanic©eT. kumarxøHTTYlkarpÁt;pÁg;eRcInedIm,IbMeBjtMrUvkark¾dUc
CaskþanuBlrbs;eK. kumarxøHTTYlkarpÁt;pÁg;tictYc ehIyman»kastictYckñúgkar
bMerItMrUvkar nigskþanuPaBrbs;eK ehIyk_mankumarxøHeTotmanBikarPaBEpñkpøÚvkay
rWEpñkR)aCJasµartI. kumarEdlmanBikarPaB mansiTi§dUcKañnwgkumardéTEdr kñúgkar
GPivDÆskþanuBlrbs;xøÜn b:uEnþedaysarEtsßanPaBrbs;xøÜn BYkeKmansiTi§TTYlkic©
EfTaMBiess. rdæaPi)al nigRbCaBlrdæKYrTTYlsÁal;siTi§enH edIm,ICYybgálkçN³
eGaykumarBikar man»kasesµIKñakñúgCIvPaBFmµtatamEdlGacCYy)an.
cMngeCIgemeron
kMritfñak;
muxviC¢aeKalKnitsiTi§mnusS
ry³eBlbeRgon³ esckþIéføfñÚrCamnusS³ mFümsikSabzmPUmi³ Gb;rMsIlFm’ BlrdæviC¢a³ siTi§mansmPaB³ mYyem:agsikSa

1>vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac ³- erobrab;BITMrg;BikarPaBepSg²rbs;kumarBikar.
- kMnt;rksiTi§mnusSEdlTak;TgnwgkarerIseGIgcMeBaHkumar.
- elIkkMBs;siTi§kumarBikar.
2>Éksareyag-sMPar³
lmaRta23 énGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar ³{1 rdæCaPaKITTYlsÁal;fa kumarEdlmanBikarPaBEpñkstibBaØa b¤ragkay
KYrTTYl)annUvCIvPaBrs;enAmYysmrmü nigeBjelj kñúglkçx½NÐmYyEdlGacFana
eGaymanPaBéføfÚñr GacCMrujeGayecHTTYlxusRtUvelIxøÜnÉg ehIynigCYysMrYleGaykumarGaccUlrYmy:agskmµenAkñugshKmn_.
2> rdæCaPaKITTYlsÁal;siTi§rbs;kumarBikarkñúgkarTTYl)annUvkarEfTaMBiess
ehIyGaRs½yeTAtamsm,tþiFnFanEdlman rdæRtUvCYyelIkTwkcitþ nigFanakarpþl;CMnYyseRgÁaHeGaydl;kumar nigGñkEfTaMkumarTMagLayNaEdlRtUvTTYl eyageTAtamsMeNIsuMEdlsmRsbeTAtamsßanPaBrbs;kumar rbs;«Bukmþay b¤rbs;GñkTTYl
EfTaMkumarenaH.
3>edayTTYlsÁal;nUvtMrUvkarBiessrbs;kumarBikar CMnYyseRgÁaHEdlman
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 67 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

Ecgkñúgkfax½NÐTI2énmaRtaenH RtUvpþl;eday\tKitéfø enAral;eBlEdlmanlT§PaB
edayKiteTAdl;FnFanfvikarbs;«Bukmþay b¤rbs;GñkepSgeTotEdlTTYlEfTaMkumar
ehIyRtUvKitKUry:agNa eGaykumarBikarmanlT§PaBRKb;RKan;kñúgkarcUleron nig
TTYlkarGb;rM karbNþúHbNþal esvaEfTaMsuxPaB esvasþarlT§PaBsm,Ta kareRtom
muxrbrnig»kaslMEh EdlCaktþáaeGaykumarGacQaneTAcUlrYmkñúgsgÁm nigman
karGPivDÆxøÜnedayeBjelj edayrYmTaMgkarGPivDÆvb,Fm’ nigsµartIrbs;eKpg.
4> kñúgsµartIshRbtibtþikarGnþrCati rdæCaPaKITaMgLay nwgbegáInkarpøas;bþÚr
Bt’mansmRsb elIvis½ykarBarEfTaMsuxPaB nigkarBüa)aleday»sf tamcitþ
saRsþ nigtamdMenIrsrIragÁrbs;kumarBikar rYmTaMgkarpSBVpSay nigkarTTYlBt’man
Tak;TgnwgvIFIsþáarlT§PaBsm,Ta karGb;rM nig esvaviC¢aCIv³ kñúgbMngrbs;rdæCaPaKI
kñúgkarelIkkMBs;smtßPaB nigbMninrbs;BYkeK nigedIm,IBRgIkbTBiesaFrbs;
BYkeKenAkñúgvis½yTaMgenH. ehtuenHeKRtYvykcitþTukdak;CaBiesselItMrUvkarén
RbeTskMBugGPivDÆ.
lrUbPaBbIénTMrg;karerIseGIgxus²KñaTak;Tgnwg ³
k> kumarBikarx> kumarRkIRk
K> kumarCnCatiPaKtic
3>dMenIrkarénkarbeRgon ³k> lMnaMepþIm
elak GñkRKUbgðajrUbPaBmþgmYy²edaysYrsisSeGayerobrab;BIGVIEdlxøÜn)an
eXIjkñúgrUbPaBenH. sisSGacsMKal;)anBIsßanPaBénkarerIseGIgeTAelIkumarTaMg
bIRbePT tamry³sMdI nigkayvikarrbs;kumarEdleLIgeqøIy. RKUkt;RtacMelIysisSenAkþáarexon.
x> lMnaMGPivDÆ ³
1> skmµPaBepþIm ³
elak GñkRKUsrubcMelIysisS RBmTaMgcg¥úleTArUbPaBTaMgbI ehIycat;fñak;
sßanPaBTaMgbI KW ³
1 k> kumarBikar
1 x> kumarRkIRk
1 K> kumarCnCatiPaKtic
elak GñkRKUR)ab;eGaysisSerobKñaCa3Rkum. elak GñkRKUesñIeGayRkum
nImYy²sMEdgtYeTAtamsßanPaBmYy. elak GñkRKUesñIeGaysisSeRCIsyksßanPaBmYyeTAtamRkum ³
elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSfaBYkeKRtUvbegáIterOgra:vmYy Ep¥kelIGVIEdlBYkeKlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 68 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

emIleXIjkñúgrUbPaB. ]TahrN_ ³
l erOgkumarICnCatiPaKticmñak;³ kumarIenaH)anRtUvkumardéTeTotbdiesFmin
eGaycUlelgCamYy edayeKKitfanag {KRKic} BIeRBaHEtsMburnagexµA.
lerOgnagnINa³ nagnINa)anQb;eron eRkayBI)anbBa©b;salamFümsikSa
bzmPUmiBIeRBaHRKYsarnagRkIRk. bu:Enþ «Buknag)ansMercitþGnuBaØateGayb¥ÚnRbusnag
eronbnþ BIeRBaHeKCaekµgRbus. nINaRtUvenApÞH ehIyCYykargarpÞH dl;mþaynag.
l erOgrbs;kumarBikarmñak; RtUvekµgmYyRkumeFVIRtab;tam ehIycMGkcMGn;.
2> karBiPakSa¬viPaK¦bnÞab;BIRkumnImYy²)anbBa©b;karsMEdgrbs;eK elakGñk RKUesñIeGaysisS
TaMgGs;kMnt;rkcMenaTbBaða EdlecaTeLIgkñúgerOgTaMgbI. CaTUeTAcMelIy rMBwgTukRtUv
Tak;Tgnwg ³
k> karerIseGIgBUCsasn_x> karlMeGogePT
K> karerIseGIgcMeBaHGñkBikar
edayepþatelIcMenaTbBaðaénkarerIseGIgcMeBaHGñkBikar elak GñkRKUsYrsMnYr
dUcteTA ³
l eRkABIkumarBikarEdl)ansMEdgeLIgkñúgerOg etImankumarBikarNaeTot?
cMelIyrMBwgTuk ³ kumarBikarEPñk kumarBikarGvyv³.l.
l eRkABIBikarPaBrbs;eK etIeKGacmanlkçN³sm,tþidéTeTotNaxøH ?
cMelIyrMBwgTuk ³ bMninRbsb;xagtRnþI lT§PaBcgcaMBt’man)aneRcIn smtßPaB
eFIVeGaycitþrIkrayral;eBlmansb,úrsFm’cMeBaHGñkdéT.l.
l etImanviFankarGVI edIm,IkarBarkumarBikar ?
cMelIyrMBwgTuk ³ karpþl;karGb;rM karbNþúHbNþal esvaEfTaMsuxPaB esvasþarlT§PaBBlkmµ kareRtombMeBjkargarGaCIB skmµPaBkMsanþ.l.
3> GrUbIkmµelak GñkRKUsegçbcMelIyrbs;sisS edaysgát;F¶n;elIeKalKMniténsiTi§rbs;
kumar. CadMbUg elak GñkRKUbBa¢ak;elIcMnucEdlfamnusSCatiTaMgGs;manPaBesµIKña
BIkMeNIt edayminKitsßanPaB rWlkçx½NÐNamYy EpñkrUbragkay R)aCJasµartI sgÁmrWesdækic©eLIy. eKalKMnitenHGnuvtþcMeBaHkumarRKb;rUbrYmTaMgkumarBikar dUcenHkumar
TaMgGs;mansiTi§esµI²Kña.
bnÞab;mkelakGñkRKUBiPakSaCamYysisSelImaRtaTI23énGnusBaØasþIBIsiTi§kumar elak GñkRKUbBa¢ak;fakumarBikarmansiTi§rs;enAeBjeljnigmanCIvPaBsmrmü
EdlFanaeGayesckþIéføfñÚr TMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉg nigkarcUlrYmedayskmµkñúgshKmn_.
elakGñkRKUk_bBa¢ak;pgEdrfa kñúgTidæPaBénsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK kumarBikarmansiTi§lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 69 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

TTYlkarEfTaMBiess. elakGñkRKU k_bBa¢ak;pgEdrfa TMhMénkic©EfTaMBiesscMeBaH
kumarGnafa KWGaRs½yedayRbPBFnFanEdlmanrbs;shKmn_ rWrdæaPi)al.
4> karRbtibtþi
elak GñkRKUsYrsMnYreTAsisS ³ etIGñknwgsMEdgGakb,kiriyasIlFm’)andl;
kMritNa cMeBaHmnusSBikarTaMgLay ?
elakGñkRKU kt;RtacMelIyelIkþarexon.
5> esckþIbB©ab;elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSfaenAkñúgsiTi§mnusS mnusSCatiRtUvcat;TukfasMxan;
bMput. RbsinebIeyIgTTYlsÁal;famnusSCatimantMélesµIKñaeyIgnwgRtUvBüayam
RbtibtþitamCMenOenaH edaykareKarrBsiTi§GñkdéT CaBiessGñkEdlsßitkñúgsßanPaBlM)akdUcCaCnBikarCaedIm.
4>rgVaytMélelakGñkRKUGaceRbIR)as;meFüa)aysmRsbNamYy edIm,IvaytMélkMrityl;
dwgrbs;sisSGMBIsiTi§kumarBikar. rgVaytMélenH GaceFVIenAcMnuckarRbtibtþik_)an.
5>kic©kareFVIenApÞH
elakGñkRKUesñIeGaysisSKUrKMnUrelIRkdaspÞaMgFMGMBIkarelIkkMBs;siT§ikumar
Bikar.
Bt’manbEnßm
KN³kmµakarGgÁkarshRbCaCati EpñksgÁmnigesdækic© RbcaMGasIu)a:sIuPic(UNESCAP) EdlmanTItaMgenAelxaFikardæanGgÁkarshRbCaCatisMrab;tMbn;GasuI)a:sIuPic naTIRkug)agkk mankmµviFICnBikar. enAkñúgÉksarenH manbgðajesckþIENnaM.
RbkarKYrcgcaMenAeBlniyayCamYyCnBikar ³
lminRtUvepþatelIBikarPaB RbsinebIBikarPaBminEmnCacMnucsMxan;énerOgr:av
RtUveCosevogkarsMrk;TwkEPñkcMeBaHerOgra:vKYrcab;GarmµN_rbs;mnusSEdlmanCMgWmin
GacBüa)alCa BikarPaBBIkMeNIt rWrbYsF¶n;F¶r .
l kMutaMgbgðajrUbPaBCnBikarmaneCaKC½ydUcvIrCn .
l kMueFVIdwgGMBIBikarPaB .
l RtUvniyaysgát;n½yelIsmtßPaB minsMedAelIBikarPaB.
l RtUveCosvagniyayBI {PaBexøacpSabu:EnþGg;Gac} . RtUvsMEdgkarCYyrMElk
PaBexøacpSa edayminniyayBIPaBGg;Gac .
l RtUvbgðajfa CnBikarCaGñkcUlrYmd¾skmµkñúgsgÁm. karbgðajrUbPaBCn
BikareFIVkarCamYyGñkminBikarenAkñúgsgÁm nigbrisßankargar CYybM)at;r)aMg
erIseGIg ehIyebIkRckeGaymankarR)aRs½yTak;TgeTAvijeTAmk .
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 70 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

lsUmbiTsøakelIdb minEmnbiTelImnusSeT . mann½yfa minRtUvbEnßmeQµaH
beBa©IcbeBa©IeGaybuKÁlNamñak;eT .

RbPBÉksar ³
KN³kmµkarGgÁkarshRbCaCatiEpñksgÁm nigesdækic© RbcaMGasIu)a:sIuPic(UNESCAP); website: www.unescap.org/decade terminology.htm#guidelines.

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 71 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

tYnaTIrbs;rdæaPi)al
esvakmµrbs;rdæaPi)almanPaBcaM)ac;enAkñúgkarrs;enAbc©úb,nñ . esvakmµenH
maneRcInRbePT edayrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgkarcuHbBa¢IGMBIehtukarN_sMxan;²kñúgCIvitRbCaBl
rdæ ¬kMenIt/ GaBah_BiBah_/ mrNPaB¦ karecjlixitsñamGMBIskmµPaB nigbBaðaepSg²¬karbBa¢ak;muxrbr karbBa¢ak;TIlMenA¦ karpþl;esvakmµ ¬pSBVpSayBt’manGMBIkmµviFI
rbs;rdæaPi)al pþl;kar]btßmÖEpñkbec©keTsdl;skmµPaBxøH karpþl;»kasbNþúH
bNþal edIm,IelIkkMBs;skmµPaB CIvPaB¦ karerobcMÉksaredIm,ITTYlfvika]btßmÖBI
rdæaPi)al ¬erobcMlixitbBa¢ak;sßanPaBrbs;GñkesñIsMuesaFnnivtþn_ rWesvasuxumalPaB
sgÁm¦ karkarBarnigseRgÁaHCnrgeRKaH ¬karBarRbCalrdæRbqaMgnwgkarrMelaPbMBan
RKb;rUbPaB pþl;karseRgÁaHRbsinebImankarrMelaPbMBanekItmaneLIg¦ nigesvakmµeRcIneTot . siTi§Blrdæ siTi§sgÁm vb,Fm’ esdækic© nigneya)ay RtUvelIkkMBs; karBar
nigeFVIeGayR)akdeLIgedayesvakmµrbs;rdæaPi)al. dUcenH siT§iTaMgenHGac)at;
bg;edaysarrdæaPi)almin)anpþl;esvaEdlRtUveFVI . enAeRkamRbB½n§siTi§mnusSrdæaPi)al)an cuHhtßelxaelIkic©RBmeRBogsiTi§mnusSGnþrCati mankatBVkic©karBar nig
eFVIeGayR)akdeLIgsiTi§TaMgLay EdlmanEcgkñúgkic©RBmeRBogeGayGs;smtßPaB
nig lT§PaB.
karsIusMNUk nigGMeBIBukrlYy raraMgmineGayrdæaPi)albMeBjkatBVkic©rbs;
xøÜnenAeRkamkic©RBmeRBogGnþrCatiEdleK)ancUlrYmenaHeLIy . vtþmanCabnþeTot
rbs;rdæaPi)alpþl;plRtwmEtCakarrMelaPsiT§imnusSbu:nenaH .
cMNgeCIgemeron³ karsIusMnUk nig GMeBIBukrlYy
kMritfñak;³ mFümsikSabzmPUmi
muxviC¢a³ sikSasgÁm
eKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS³ siTi§TTYlesvakmµrbs;rdæaPi)alry³eBl
³ mYyem:agsikSa
1-vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac ³
lkMnt;rkeXIjkarrMelaPsiTi§mnusS EdlTak;TgnwgkarsIusMNUk nigGMeBIBukrlYy .
lBiPakSaelIk,ÜncriyaFm’ nigbTdæansIlFm’rbs;mRnIþrdæaPi)al nignieyaCik rWk,ÜnENnaMdéTeTotkñúgRbeTs .
lBnül;BIsiT§iTTYlkardwknaMl¥ enAkñúgrdæaPi)al .
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 72 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

2-Éksareyag - sMPar³
l maRta2 ¬1¦ énkti k asBaØ a Gnþ r Cati s I þ B I s i T i § k ñ ú g vi s ½ y esdæ k i c © s gÁ m ni g
vb,Fm’ (ICESCR) :rdæCaPaKInImYy² énktikasBaØaenH RtUvGnuvtþCaCMhan² tamRKb;meFüa)ay
rYmTaMgviFankarc,ab;edayxøÜnÉg nigtamry³kic©shkar nigCMnYyGnþrCati BiesselIEpñkesdækic© nigbec©keTseGaydl;kMritGtibrmaénFnFanEdlman kñúgTsSn³eFVI
eGaysMerc)anbniþcmþg² karGnuvtþsiTi§eBjelj Edl)anTTYlsÁal;edayktikasBaØaenH .
lrUbPaBGMBIskmµPaBsUk)a:n; nigGMeBIBukrlYy .
3-dMeNIrkarénkarbeRgon
k- lMnaMepIþm
elak GñkRKUbgðajrUbPaBGMBIkarsUk)a:n; nigGMeBIBukrlYyCaeRcInRbePT¬]>karhucR)ak;eRkayxñg karRbmYlsm,tiþCatieFVICarbs;xøÜn GMeBIrt;Bn§ .l.¦ehIysYrsMnYrdUcxageRkam ³
l etIrUbPaBenHbgðajGMBIGVI?
l etIGMeBIenHekItmanenATINa?
l etInrNaCaGñkrgeRKaHedaysarGMeBITaMgenH?
x> lMnaMGPivDÆ
1> skmµPaBepIþm
elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGayerobKñaCaRkum3²nak; ehIyENnaMBYkeKeGaysMEdgtYeTAtamsßanPaBdUcxageRkam ³
l kareFVIeGayyWty:av kñúgkarbBa¢ÚnlixitsñamepSg²
l buKÁlikmRnIþraCkarmkeFVIkaryWty:av eFVIeGayb:HBal;dl;RbsiT§PaBkargar
l GñkebIkbrmñak;EdldwgkMhusrbs;xøÜn )ansUk)a:n;dl;b:UlIsedIm,IrYcputBIkar
pakvin½y .
2> karviPaK ³
eRkaykarsMEdgtYelakGñkRKUsYrsisStamsMnYrdUcxageRkam ³
l etIkarsMEdgtYknøgeTAenH cg;niyayGMBIGVI?
l etIGñkdwgfa CnEdlRtUveKCMrit manGarmµN_EbbNa?
l ehtuGVI)anCaeKcat;Tukfa karsUk)a:n; nigGMeBIBukrlYyCacMenaTbBaðaF¶n;F¶r?
l etIsiTi§RbePTNa EdlRtUvrMelaPedayGMeBIBukrlYy?
cMelIyrMBwgTuk- siTi§epSg²EdlTak;Tgnwgesvakmµrbs;rdæaPi)al.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 73 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

etImansiTi§déTNaeTotEdlTTYlkarrMelaPedaykarraldalénGMeBIsUk)a:n;
nigBukrlYykñúgRbeTs?
cMelIyrMBwgTuk- siTi§manCIvPaBsmrmü RbsinebIesvakmµrbs;m®nþIrdæaPi)alTak;Tgdl;kar
karBarRbPBFnFanrbs;RbCaBlrdæ .
- siTi§bMeBjesckIþRtUvkarCamUldæan RbsinebIesvakmµrbs;m®nþIrdæaPi)al
Tak;Tgdl;kar]btßmÖGahar rW sMPar³déTeTot .
3- GrUbIkmµelak GñkRKUsegçbcMelIyrbs;sisS ehIybgðajkarkt;sMKal;BI\Ti§Blénkar
sUk)a:n; nigGMeBIBukrlYyeTAelICIvPaBRbCaBlrdæ .
kñúgbribTenH elak GñkRKUeFVIbTbgðajGMBIGtßn½yénmaRta1 ¬1¦ énktikasBaØaGnþrCatisIþBIsiTi§kñúgvis½yesdækic© sgÁmnigvb,Fm’ . elakGñkRKUBnül;fa kar]btßmrÖ bs;rdæaPi)almansar³sMxan;kgúñ kareFVeI GayR)akdeLIgnUvsiTm§i nusS . edIm,I
siTi§ esdækic© sgÁm nig vb,Fm’ rdæaPi)alRtUvEtbMeBjsiTi§TaMgLayedayeRbIR)as;eGayGs;lT§PaBnUvFnFanEdlman. minmankartMrUveGayraCrdæaPi)alpþl;RKb;
meFüa)ayedIm,IkarrIkcMerInnUvsiT§imnusSedayPøam²enaHeT b:uEnþtMrUveGayrdæaPi)al
FanaeGaysiTm§i nusSmankarrIkcMerInCaCMhan².
edayEpñkelIcMelIyrbs;sisS elak GñkRKUBnül;fakarrMelaPsiTi§mnusSekIt
manBIkarsUk)a:n; nigGMeBIBukrlYyenAkñúgrdæaPi)al .
]TahrN_ ³
l PaByWty:avkñúgkaredaHRsayeGaymanPaBs¥ats¥Mrbs;mRnIþrdæaPi)al edIm,I
FanaskmµPaBkñúgCIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaBlrdæ ³ siTi§manCIvPaBsmrmü .
l karbdiesFsMenIsMuCMnYykñúgkarkarBarRTBüsm,tiþrbs;RbCaBlrdæBIkarqk;
bøn; bMpiøcbMpøaj ³ siTi§manRTBüsm,tiþ .
l minpþl;esvakmµ edaysarkarerIseGIgsßanPaBesdækic© rW sgÁmrbs;GñkesIñ
sMu ³ siTi§mansmPaB .
elak GñkRKU k¾Gacpþl;emeronsIþGMBIRkmcriyaFm’ rW niyamsIlFm’rbs;buKÁlik
lmRnIþraCkar rWc,ab;kargar EdlmanenAkñúgRbeTspgEdr. elakGñkRKUbBa¢ak;fanieyaCikrdæaPi)almankatBVkic©tamc,ab; sMrYlkarpÁt;pÁg;esvakmµsaFarN³edayKµankarerIs
eGIg RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB nigcat;TukCamUldæanpþl;plRbeyaCn_saFarN³.
elak GñkRKU sgát;F¶n;elIPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarbMerIesvasaFarN³Rbkbeday
KuNPaB cab;taMgBIeBlEdlnieyaCikrdæaPi)alTTYlR)ak;ExBIR)ak;bg;Bn§rbs;RbCaBlrdæ .
4- karRbtibtiþ
elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGayKUrrUbPaBpÞaMgFMEdlbgðajBI k¼ karsUk)a:n; nig
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 74 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

GMeBIBku rlYy x¼ \T§iBlminl¥elICIvPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæ nig K¼ siTmi§ nusSRtUvrMelaP .
elakGñ k RKU e Gaysi s SKi t rkmeFüa)ayeRbI R )as; p Þ a M g KM n U r enaHkñ ú g salaeron¬]>biTpÞaMgrUbPaBenaH enAkEnøgpSayBt’manrbs;salaeron edIm,IpSBVpSaydl;sisS
déTeTotGMBIbBaðaenH¦.
5> esckþIbBa©b;elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSfa sßiteRkamRbB½n§siTi§mnusS rdæaPi)almantYnaTIsMxan;
Nas;. rdæaPi)alKµanTMnYlxusRtUvNaepSgeTot eRkABIkareFVIeGayR)akdeLIgnUvsiTi§mnusSeLIy. RbCaBlrdæxøÜnÉgk_mancMEnkkñúgkargarenHEdr b:uEnþedayehturdæaPi)al)anRtUvbegáIteLIgedayR)akdRbCa edImI,bMerIplRbeyaCn_rbs;RbCaBlrdæ
kñúgenaHmankareFVIeGayR)akdeLIgnUvsiTi§mnusSpg. dUcenHtYnaTIrbs;rdæaPi)almansar³sMxan;TI1. karsUk)a:n; nigGMeBIBukrlYymanTItaMgCabzmenAkñúgrdæaPi)alva
rMelaPsiTi§mnusS.
4> rgVaytMélelakGñkRKUeGaysisSKitdl;sßab½nNamYyrbs;rdæaPi)al ehIykMnt;fa
etIbuKÁlikkñúgsßab½nenaHbMeBjkic©kardUcmanrayeQµaHkñúgtaragxageRkamrWeT eday
KUssBaØa ¬P¦kñúgxÞg;NamYyEdlKitfasmRsb ³
sßanPaB¼bBaða
Canic© CYnkal minEdl
1-TTYlyksMNkU edIm,IykcitTþ ku dak; rW
pþle; svakmµBei ssNamYy.
2-bMeBjkargarcugédcugeCIgcMeBaHCnRkIRkrWCnminecHGkSr.
3-pþle; svakmµedayKµankarrMBgw TTYlGVmI y
Y pþl;
eGaymkvij.
4- TarrkÉksarCaeRcIn edayKµankarBnül;.
5- rg;caMTTYlRbCaBlrdæEdlmantMrvU kar.
6- esvakmµTan;cti .þ
7- mankaryl;dgw BIsTi m§i ansmPaBkñgú »kas.
8- yWty:avkñgú karbBa¢nÚ Éksar.
9- rkSaPaBesµaHRtg;RKb;kal³eTs³.
10-pþlR; )ak;eGayGñkkaEstedIm,IkarpSayl¥GBM I
sßab½nrbs;xnÜø .

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 75 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

5> kic©kareFVIenApÞH
elak GñkRKUR)ab;eGaysisSrkemIlGtßbTmYykñúgÉksarBt’mansIþGMBIGMeBI
BukrlYyenAkñúgPñak;garNamYyrbs;rdæaPi)al ehIyeGayeKraykarN_R)ab;sisSkñúg
fñak;GMBIGVIEdleK)anrkeXIjenAem:agsikSaeRkay .
niymn½yénBakü
maRta2 ¬1¦ énktikasBaØaGnþrCati sIþBIsiTi§esdækic©sgÁm nigvb,Fm’manBakü
sMxan;²mYycMnYn caM)ac;RtUvBnül; ³k- kareFVIeGayR)akdeLIgnUvsiTi§CaCMhan² - mann½yfa rdæaPi)almincaM)ac;eFVIeGaymanRKb;RKan;nUvsiTi§esdækic©sgÁm nigvb,Fm’ kñúgry³eBld¾xøI cab;taMgBIeBl
mankatBVkic©Gnuvtþkic©RBmeRBogenaHeT. bu:EnþrdæaPi)al)anRtUvrMBwgfa { nwgmanclna
eTAmuxedayrYsran; nigedaymanRbsiT§PaBtamEdlGaceFVI)an eq<aHeTArkeKaledA
enaH} .
x- FnFanEdlmanCaGtibrma - kñúgn½yfa edayKiteTAelIcMenaTénRbPB
FnFan rdæaPi)al)anRtUvrMBwgfanwgRbmUlRKb;kMlaMgEdlman eRbIR)as;RKb;FnFan
EdlmaneTAtamlT§PaB edIm,IRbwgERbgbMeBjkatBVkic©CaGtibrmarbs;eKtamEbbCa
GaTiPaB .
kenSamBaküTaMgBIrxagelIBnül;GMBIeKalbMngénkic©RBmeRBog EdlminrMBwg
TukCamun nUvkareFVIeGayR)akdeLIgedayeBjeljnUvsiTi§mnusS edayrdæaPi)alkñúgry³eBlxøIeT eBalKWRtUvGaRs½yelIkaremIleXIjkMritfvikanigRbPBFnFandéTeTotEdlman enAlMdab;fñak;Cati k¾dUcCafñak;GnþrCati .
dUcenH ktþasMxan;KWrdæaPi)albnþbMeBjtYnaTIeFVIeGayR)akdeLIgnUvsiT§iesdækic©
sgÁm nigvb,Fm’CaCMhan² rhUt)ansMerceKaledA .

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 76 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

siTi§manCIvit
CIvitmantMélxøaMgNas;. eKEtgrIkrayy:agxøaMgnwgCIvitrhUtmYyCIvit. b:uEnþRbvtþirbs;mnusSCatieBareBjeTAedayRBwtþiehtubBa©b;CIvit. sRgÁam nigTMrg;déT
eToténCMelaH)anBnøt;CIvitmnusSy:aggay. PaBRkIRk nigCMgWtMkat;EtgnaMCIvitecj
eTAyWt² ehIyRbkbedaykarQWcab;. bribTenHbgðajPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarRbkasGMBI
siTi§manCIvitEdlRtUvcat;fasMxan;bMput. esckIþRbkasCasklsIþBIsiTi§mnusSGH
Gagfa RbCaBlrdæenAelIBiPBelakenHeGaytMélCIvit ehIycg;rs;enAeday
mann½y. siTi§manCIvitCaektnP½NÐrbs;mnusSCati.
cMngeCIgemeron
kMritfñak;
muxviC¢aeKalKMnitsiTi§mnusS
ry³eBl³ CIvitmann½y³ mFümsikSabzmPUmi³ sIlFm’ BlrdæviC¢a³ siTi§manCIvit³ mYyem:agsikSa

1>vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac ³-kMnt;rkeXIjkarrMelaPsiTi§mnusSedaykarbBa©b;CIvitGñkQWcab;xøaMgeday
CMgWminGacBüa)al)an rWehAfa karsmøab;eRsacRsg;.
-BiPakSafaetIGMeBIGtþXat CaGMeBIRbqaMgnwgeKalkarN_énesckþIRbkasCa
sklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS rWeT ? .
-bgðajBItMélénCIvitedayeRbIR)as;sMPar³écñRbDit ¬kMnaBü pÞaMgKMnUr cMerog
rWkarbiTrUb¦.
2>Éksareyag-sMPar³-maRta3 énesckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS ³ { buKÁlmñak;² mansiTi§rs;ranmanCÍvít esrIPaB nigsnþisuxpÞal;xøÜn.}.
-erOgra:vGMBIkarsmøab;eRsacRsg;.
-sMPar³sil,³.
3>dMenIrkarénkarbeRgonk> lMnaMepþIm
elak GñkRKU eGaysisSGanGtßbTerOgdUcxageRkam ³
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 77 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

karsMlab;eRsacRsg;
taMgBIedImerogmkkarsMlab;eRsacRsg;)anRtUvpþl;niymn½yfa{mrNPaBbBa©b;karQWcab;}. b:uEnþ bc©úb,nñkarsMlab;eRsacRsg;sMedAelIkareRbIR)as;]bkrN_TMenIb rWkarKaMRTkarbBa©b;CIvitGñkQWcab;xøaMg nigGñkmanCMgWemIlBuMCa.
dUcenH karsMlab;eRsacRsg;KWCaGMeBImnusSXat eTaHbIGñkCMgWesñIeGayGñksÁal;fñaMpþl;dl;eKnUvfñaMbM)at;karQWcab;edayhYskMritk_eday.
manehtuplCaeRcInCamUlehtuénkarcg;bBa©b;CIvitrbs;mnusS. mUl
ehtuxøH GacCasßanPaBsgÁm nigesdækic©rbs;buKÁl. dUcmanerOgmYysþIBIbþI
RbBn§RkIRkmYyenATIRkugemRtUm:anILa. eK)anpwkfñaMBulxøÜnÉgehIybRBa©kfñaMenaH
eTAkUnrbs;eK kñúgenaHmanTaMgTarkpg. mUlehtumYyeTotGacCavibtþisµartI
edaysµartI)at;bg;smtßPaBKitKUrRtwmRtUv. \Ti§BlénkarpSayBt’man rWTMenarénbriyakask_GacCamUlehtuTIbIpgEdr. ]TahrN_ ³ enATVIbGWrubCMnan;TMenar
RbelamniymstvtSTI19 manGtþXatkmµd_eRcInsMebImEdleK)ankt;RtaTuk.
b:uEnþ ehtuplCaTUeTAenAsm½yeRkay²mkeTot GtþXatKWkarbBa©b;karrs;enAEbb
sib,nimµit karrs;enAedayKµansgÇwmfanwg)anFUres,IyeLIgvij.
CIvitmnusSKWCaRbPBFnFan nigCalkçx½NÐcaM)ac;énral;skmµPaBrbs;
mnusSenAkñúgsgÁm. tamTsSn³RBHBuT§ GñkmanCIvitCamnusS KWCaGñkEdl)ansnSM
kuslBICatimund_eRcInGenk. dUcenHCIvitmnusSminRtUvbBa©b;edaykarsMlab;eT
eTaHkñúgrUbPaBNak_eday.
x> lMnaMGPivDÆ
1> skmµPaBepþIm
elak GñkRKUR)ab;sisSeGayEbgEckKñaCaBIrRkumedIm,ICECkEvkEjkelIbBaða
dUcxageRkam ³-etIGñkKaMRTkarsMlab;eRsacRsg;rWeT ? ehtuGVI ?
elak GñkRKUpþl;lMENnaMkñúgkarCECkEvkEjk ]> eBlmñak;niyay GñkÉeTot
RtUvsþab;edayykcitþTukdak;. karCECkenHmanry³eBlEt15naTI RtUvCECkepþatEt
eTAelIbBaðaEdl)ankMnt;Tuk.
2> karviPaK
eRkaykarCECkEvkEjk elak GñkRKUsYrsisStamsMnYrxageRkam ³-etIeyabl;rbs;GñkmanGMnHGMnagGVI ?
elak GñkRKUsresrGMnHGMnagEdlRKaMRT nigbdiesFcMeBaHkarsMlab;eRsac
Rsg;;elIkþarexon. bnÞab;mkelak GñkRKUsYrbnþeTot ³
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 78 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

-etIGMnHGMnagEdlKaMRTkarsMlab;eRsacRsg; eFVIeGayGMeBIenHRtwmRtUvtam
c,ab; rWeT ? cUrBnül;.
-etIsiTi§NaxøHEdl)anRtUvrMelaPedaykarsMlab;eRsacRsg; ?¬siT§imanCIvit¦
3> GrUbIkmµelak GñkRKU sYrsMnYrdUcxageRkam edIm,ITajykcMelIyeFVICaesckþIsnñidæan ³-ehtuGVICIvitmantMélxøaMgcMeBaHmnusS ?¬eRBaHmanCIviteTIbehAfamnusS¦-etICakarRtwmRtUveT karbM)at;CIvitmnusS ? ehtuGVI ?
-etImankarrMelaPsiTi§déTeTotNaxøH EdlGñk)aneXIjenAkñúgemeronenH ?
¬karrMelaPsiT§imanCIvPaBsmrmü siT§imansnþisuxsgÁm¦bnÞab;mkeTotelakRKUBiPakSaCamYysisSGMBI ³-siTi§manCIvit¬maRta3 énesckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS¦-karBnül;déTeTotsþIBIGtßiPaBénCIvitmnusS ¬ ]> tamCMenOsasna¦elak GñkRKUsgát;F¶n;elIKMnitmUldæanEdlfa { CIvitminefakeT} {CIvitminGac
RtUvBnøt;gay²enaHeLIy}. esckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS)anbBa¢ak;c,as;
BIsiTi§manCIvit edIm,IraraMgkueM GaymankarsMlab;mnusSedayRsbc,ab;NamYyeday
Ep¥kelIelssßanPaBsµartI rWragkay BUCsasn_ CMhrneya)ay sgÁm esdækic© rW
vb,Fm’CaedIm. Pasarbs;esckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusSgayyl;nigKµan
lkçx½NÐ ³ mnusSRKb;rUbmansiTi§manCIvit esrIPaB nigsnþisuxpÞal;xøÜn. edayxusBIRbvtþiénkarRbl½yelakenAsRgÁamelakelIkTI2 k_dUcCakarsMlab;enAsm½yeRkay²
mkeTot nigenAbc©ú b,nñ. esckþIRbkasCasklGMBIsiTi§manCIvit mandMeNIrkar
eq<aHeTAmuxedayKµanlkçx½NÐ caM)ac;RtUvFanaeGayCIvitmankarTTYlsÁal;tMél nigkar
Bary:agRtwmRtUv.
elak GñkRKUGacBiPakSaCamYysisSCabnþeTotGMBITsSn³sasnakñúgRbeTs
GMBIkarmanCIvitCamnusS.
CaTIbBa©b; elak GñkRKUsnæidæanfa karsMlab;eRsacRsg; KWCakarrMlaPeTAelI
KMnti Edlfa {CIvti minefakeT ehIyRtUvEtrs;rantamRKb;meFüa)ay}.
4>karRbtibtþi
elak GñkRKUesñIeGaysisSbgðajkareGaytMélelICIvitrbs;BYkeKtamry³
karécñsMPar³écñRbDit ¬]> karsresrkMnaBü KUrKMnUr EtgsuPasitEtg rWerIsyk
bTcMerogNamYy-l-¦.
5> esckþIbBa©b;elak GñkRKUrMlwksisSfa mnusSRKb;rUbmansiTi§manCIvit mnusSRKb;rUbman
TMnYlxusRtUvkñúgkarrs;rankñúgsuPmgÁl nigkarBarCIvit.
4> rgVaytMélelak GñkRKURtUveGaysisSbgðajeyabl;Gs;eKbnÞab;BI)anGanGtßbTxageRkamlMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 79 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

kumarIsuriya Gayu 10 qñaM )ansnøb;\tdwgxøÜnGs;ry³eBlCaeRcInExmk
ehIyenAmnIÞreBTü bnÞab;BInagrgeRKaHedayRKab;kaMePøIgehIrmkRtUvk,al.
«Bukmþayrbs;nagminGacRTaMRTkarQWcab;edayeXIjkUnsißtkñúgsßanPaBEbb
enHeT. Kat;RtUveFVIkarsMerccitþedayRbfuyRbfanfa etIRtUvbBa©b;karQWcab;rbs;
kUnRsIedaybiTbMBg;xül;GuksIuEsn rW y:agNa .
6> kic©kareFVIenApÞH
elak GñkRKUdak;kic©karmYyeGaysisS KWeGayRsavRCavBICIvitCnmYycMnYnEdl)aneFVIGtþXat. elak GñkRKUesñIeGaysisSraykarN_GMBIehtuplénkarbBa©b;
CIvitrbs;BYkeK vaytMélehtuplenaH ehIyeGayeyabl;fa BYkKat;GaceFVIGVI)an
edIm,IecosvagkareFVIGtþXat ehIyGñkdéTGaceFIVGIV)an edIm,ICYyeGayKat;rs;enA
edayesckþIsgÄwm.

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 80 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

esrIPaBrYcputBIkarerIseGIg
enAkñúgsgÁmCaeRcIn mnusSEdlRtUveKcat;famindUceK RtUveKRbRBwtþmkelI
edayGMeBIminKb,I ]TahrN_ ³ karemIlRsalcMeBaHbNþaRkumCnCatiPaKticCaedIm .
karemIlRsalenHGackøayCakarerIseGIgEdleFVIeGayb:HBal;dl;CIvPaBrs;enA
esrIPaBedIrehIr rWsnþisuxpÞal;xøÜn. karerIseGIgminGacTTYlyk)aneT BIeRBaHva
rMelaPelIeKalkarN_énsmPaBrbs;mnusSRKb;rUb.
edIm,IelIkkMBs;siTi§mnusS karerIseGIgeTaHkñúgTMrg;Nak_eday RtUvEtlubbM)at;ecal. edIm,IeFVIdUcenH mnusSRtUvcab;epþImBIcMnucénTsSn³pÞal;xøÜncMeBaHGñkdéT
Na EdlxøÜncat;faeKmindUcxøÜn. mankrNICaeRcIn Catisasn_niymCamYldæanénkar
erIseGIg . mnusSRtUvEtviPaKelIPaBlMeGogrbs;xøÜnEdl)anERbeTACaTMrg;epSg²
dUcCakMEbøgelgesIcGMBIGñkdéT mincg;Tak;Tg rWeFVIkarCamYy nigbdiesFeKedaycMhr. TMrg;PaKeRcInénkaremIlRsalKWRbEhlKñanwgkarrMelaPsiTi§mnusS.
cMngeCIgemeron³ esrIPaBrYcputBIkarerIseGIg
kMritfñak;³ mFümsikSaTutiyPUmi
muxviC¢a³ sikSasgÁm
eKalKMnitsiT§imnusS³ siTi§manesrIPaBrYcputBIkarerIseGIg
ry³eBl
³ mYyem:agsikSa
1> vtßúbMng
eRkaykarsikSa sisSRtUv)anrMBwgTukfanwgGac ³-erobrab;lT§plénkarerIseGIgBUCsasn_.
-niyayBI\riyabf nigGakb,kiriyaEdlbgðajeGayeXIjBIyutþiFm’ karGFüa
Rs½y nigkareyaKyl;Kña.
-BiPakSaelIeKalKMnitesrIPaBrYcputBIkarerIseGIg.
2>Éksareyag-sMPar³
lmaRta1 énesckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS ³
mnusSRKb;rUbmanesrIPaB nigsmPaBkñúgesckþiéføfñÚrRBmTaMgsiTi§taMgBIkMenIt
mnusSmanCab;nwgxøÜnnUvvicarNjaN nigsm,BaØ³ ehIyKb,IRbRBwtþrvagKñanigKñakñúg
sµartIPatrPaB.
lmaRta2
mnusSmñak;² GaceRbIR)as;siTi§ nigesrIPaBTaMgGs;EdlmanEcgkñúgesckþI
RbkasenH edayKµankarRbkan;EbgEckEbbNamYy manCaGaT× BUCsasn_ BN’sm,úr
ePT Pasa sasna mtineya)ay b¤mtiepSg²eTot edImkMeNItCati b¤sgÁm
RTBüsm,tþi kMeNIt b¤sßanPaBdéT²eToteLIy.
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 81 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

elIsBIenH minRtUveFVIkarRbkan;EbgEckNamYyedaysMGageTAelIzan³xagneya)ay

xagEdnsmtßkic© b¤xagGnþrCatirbs;RbeTs b¤EdndIEdlbuKÁlNamñak;rs;enA eTaHbI
CaRbeTs b¤EdndIenaHÉkraCükþI sßiteRkamGaNaBüa)alkþI b¤KµansV½yRKb;RKgkþI b¤sßit
eRkamkardak;kRmitepSgeTotNamYydl;GFibetyüPaBkþI.
- EpnTIRbeTskm<úCa- rUbPaBRkumCnCatiPaKticepSg²
3> dMenIrkarénkarbeRgonk> lMnaMepþIm
elak GñkRKUsYrsisSedIm,Icg;dwgfa etIsisS)ansÁal;RbePTRkum PinPaKrUbragsMelokbMBak; nigrebobrbbrs;enArbs;CnCatiPaKticNamYy rWeT.
x> lMnaMGPivDÆn_1> skmµPaBepþIm
elak GñkRKU biTEpnTIRbeTskm<úCaelIkþarexon rYcelIkbgðajrUbPaBbNþa
RkumCnCatiPaKtic. elak GñkRKU ENnaMeGaysisSykrUbPaBCnCatiPaKticeTAbiT
elIEpnTIRtg;TItaMgEdlCnCatienaHrs;enA.
elak GñkRKUesñIeGaysisSerobrab;BIRkumCnCatinImYy². elak GñkRKUKUrtarag¬dUcxageRkam¦elIkþarexon ehIybBa©ÚlcMelIysisSkñúgtaragenAtamxÞg;nImYy². enA
eBlsisSeqøIyelak GñkRKU kt;sMKal;elIsMdIsisSEdlbgáb;karvaytMél karbg¥ab; rW
emIlRsal rYcehIyRtUvyksMdIenaHbBa©ÚlkñúgxÞg;TMenomemIlRsal.
taragsþIBIPaBRsedog nigPaBxusKña
eQµaHCnCati PaBRsedognwgeyIg PaBxusBIeyIg TMenomemIlRsal]TahrN_ kñúg ³ {TMenomemIlRsal} rWkarerIseGIg ³- {CnCati Bñgl¶g;}- {CnCatiTMBYnminecHesøókBak;}>>>.l.
2> karviPaK
elak GñkRKUsYrsisStamsMnYrdUcxageRkam ³
l etIkarBN’naGMBICnCatiPaKticeFVIeGayeyIgcab;GarmµN_dUcemþcxøH ?
lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 82 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

cMelIyrMBwgTuk ³- rebobrbbxøHkñúgkarrs;enArbs;BYkeK manPaBxusKñaBIeyIg.
- eyIgTaMgGs;KñamancMnucdUcKña.
letImankarekIteLIgnUvkarerIseGIgcMeBaHCnCatiPaKticrWeT?cUreGay]TahrN_

etIkarerIseGIgeFVIeGayb:HBal;y:agNadl;TMnak;TMngrvageyIg nigCnCati
PaKtic ?
l etIeyIgKb,Iman\riyabfEbbNacMeBaHCnCatiPaKtic ?
elak GñkRKUsresrcMelIysisSelIkþarexon.
3> GrUbIkmµelak GñkRKUsrubcMelIyEdl)ansresrelIkþarexonedayepþatCasMxan;elIsMnYr
cugeRkay.
elak GñkRKUBnül;eKalKMnit{smPaB}edayEp¥kelImaRta1énesckþIRbkas
CasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS.
elak GñkRKURtUvbBa¢ak;elIl,H mnusSmanesrIPaB mansmPaB esckþIéføfñÚr
siT§i vicarNjaN sm,CBaØ³ PatrPaB ¬samKÁPI aBCamYymnusSRKb;Kañ ¦ EdlCaBakü
sMxan;kñúgmaRta1 nigCamUldæanénsiTi§mnusS.
elak GñkRKUsrubmaRta1edayniyayfa mnusSCatiTaMgGs;mansiT§imnusSdUcKña. bnÞab;mkelakGñkRKUBnül;eKalKMnitGMBIkarminerIseGIg edayEp¥kelI
maRta2énesckþIRbkasCasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS.
elak GñkRKUbBa¢ak;faenAmaRta2mnusSCatiTaMgGs;KµankarEbgEckeday
RbkarNamYy mansiTi§nigesrIPaBTaMgGs;EdlmanEcgkñúgesckþIRbkasCasklsþIBI
siTi§mnusS.
elak GñkRKUsrubmaRta2 edayniyayfa karerIserIgcMeBaHmnusSNamñak;
KWCakarrMelaPsiTm§i nusS.
edayeRbIR)as;maRtaTaMg2enH elak GñkRKUBnül;faenAeBlEdllTi§BUCsasn_
niymEbgEckRkumCnCatimYyBIRkumCnCatimYyeTot eKBuMKb,IraraMgsmaCikénbNþa
RkumCnCatimineGayeRbIR)as; nigGnuvtþsiTi§rbs;BYkeKeLIy. BYkeKmansiTi§
dUcKñanwgGñkdéT. BYkeKmansiTi§rYcputBIkarerIseGIg.
4> karRbtibtþi
elak GñkRKUR)ab;eGaysisSEbgEckKñaCaeRcInRkum ehIyBiPakSaGMBI
meFüa)ayCak;EsþgkñúgkarRbQmmuxnwgkarerIseGIg nwgTMenomemIlRsaledayeRbIR)as;cMelIykñúgtaragxagelI. elak GñkRKUeGayBYkeKsresrKMnitrbs;eK elI
RkdaspÞaMgFM edaymanBIrxÞg; mYyKWEpñkkarerIseGIg nigTMenomemIlRsal BIr KWEpñk
meFüa)ayCak;EsþgenAeBlRbQmmuxnwgbBaðaenaH.
llMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 83 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_

5> esckþIbBa©b;elak GñkRKUbB©ab;emeronedayniyayR)ab;sisSfa mnusSmñak;²Etgmankar
erIseGIg nigTMenomemIlRsalcMeBaHGñkdéT. elak GñkRKUBnül;faesckþIRbkas
CasklsþIBIsiTi§mnusS )anpþl;nUveKalkarN_EdlRtUveRbIR)as;kñúgkarlubbM)at;
nigEktMrUvkarerIseGIg nigTMenomemIlRsal. elak GñkRKUbB©ab;edayniyayfa
karerIseGIg KWCakarrMelaPsiTim§ nusSEdlGaceFVeI GayrgeRKaHmincMeBaHEt
RkumCnCatiPaKticb:nu enaHeT b:uEnþkc_ eM BaHmnusSRKb;rbU pgEdr edaysarEtvabegáIn
Canicn© vU KMnti vismPaB.
4> rgVaytMélelak GñkRKUGaceRbIR)as;viFIsmRsbNamYy edIm,IvaytMélkMrityl;dwg
rbs;sisSGMBIsiTi§ manesrIPaBrYcputBIkarerIseGIg. rgVaytMélGacGnuvtþeTA)an
enAmunesckþIbBa©b;.

lMENnaMkarbeRgonsiTi§mnusS 84 sMrab;salaeronGasIuGaeKñy_