22/09/54

Alternative Options to Large Scales ofDomestic Wastewater Treatment
Facilities’ Management in Thailand

By….
jSimachayayDr. Wijarn
Mr. Somchai Songprakob
Pollution Control Department
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
For the 3rd WEPA International Workshop,
21‐22 September 2011, Manila, the Philippines

Overview of the Presentation‐State of Water Quality Problem in Bangkok andSSurrounding
di A
Areas
‐Type of Collection System and Treatment
Facilities‐Alternatives Options of Domestic WastewaterTechnologies‐ The Implementation of Wastewater Treatment
in Bangkok Metropolitan‐Lesson Learned from Domestic WastewaterTreatment Facilities’ Implementation in Thailand

122/09/54

Chaopraya River

Chart of Water Quality Problems in Central Basin,
Thailand in 2010
NH39%

BOD
11%11%

DO
12%%
12FCB
25%%
25TCB
32%%
32Central region

222/09/54

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the Lower
Part of the Chao Phraya River from 1978 to 2009
12.0
Std. 4 mg/l

8.0

Min

6.0

Max

4.0

Ave

2.0
0.0

2009
2006
2003
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979

BOD(mg/l)

10 010.0

Year

Status of Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Facilities in Thailand
Location of 101 Municipal
Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in ThailandConstructed 90 Plants
Under Construction 10Plants
 Delayed (SamutprakanProvince)
1 Plant663

22/09/54

Domestic Wastewater Treatment Facilities Status in Thailand
Wastewater treatment facilities status (plants)
Number(plants)

Constructed

DelayyUnderconstruction
t ti

87-

1

1,112,000

2.1 Central
2.2 Eastern
2.3 Northern

22
16
17

20
15
161-

1
1
1797,600
294,570
262,909

2.4 Northeastern

1917-

2360,566

2.5 Southern

1915-

4385,750

Total

10190

1

103,213,395Area/Region

1. Bangkok

Capacity(m3/d)

2. Municipality/ Pattaya
city /Tumbol
Administration organization

The Type of Collection Systems
Central Wastewater Treatment

Combined Sewer System

Design Criteria for Central
Wastewater Treatment
The type ofcollection
systems
Combined Sewer
System
Separate Sewer
SystemBOD

SS(mg/l)(mg/l)

65 - 110(80)

40 – 110
(80)

(160)

(160)

: drain both rainfalls
and wastewater within
one system

Separate Sewer System: the sewerage and drainage
are collected in separate
piping systems

4

22/09/54

Types of existing technologies of wastewater
treatment facilities in Thailand
Constructed (CW)
2% ( 2 Plants)
Activated Sludge( AS)

g Biological
gRotatingContactor (RBC)
1%(1 Plant )36% ( 36 Plants)

St biliอStabilizationti บponddรระบบบ
ปรั ปั เสถีีย
SPระบบสระเติ
ม
Aerated Lagoonsอากาศ ALระบบแอ็กทิSludgeเวเต็ด
Activatedสลัดจ AS
Constructedระบบบึ
งประดิwetland
ษฐ
CWC
RBC

Aerated Lagoon(AL)
16% (16 Plants)

Stabilization Pond(SP)45 % (46 Plants)

Technologies for Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in Thailand

Stabilization Pond (46%)

Aerated Lagoon (16%)

5

22/09/54

Technologies for Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in Thailand (Cont.)

Activated Sludge (36%)

Alternative for Domestic Wastewater Management
Technologies in Thailand126

22/09/54

On-Site Wastewater Treatment

On--Site Wastewater Treatment
On13

Cluster Wastewater Treatment14147

22/09/54

Centralized Wastewater Treatment

Pilot Projects or Case Studies
forWastewater Treatment inThailand168

22/09/54

On--site Wastewater Treatment
On

17

On-site Wastewater Treatment System
in Small Communities

Anaerobic Filter (AF) / Aeration Tank

9

22/09/54

On-site Wastewater Treatment System
in Small Communities

Anaerobic Filter (AF)On-site Wastewater Treatment System
in Small Communities

ON‐SITE AERATION TANK

10

22/09/54

On-site Wastewater Treatment System
in Small Communities

ON‐SITE AERATION TANK

On-site Wastewater Treatment System
in Small Communities Mae Sa (Chiang Mai Province) Anaerobic Filter (AF) capacity of 1 m3/d

AF
Grease trap

Septici tankkwastewater

Toilet2211

22/09/54

On-site Wastewater Treatment System
in Small Communities (Cont.)
 Ko Lanta (Krabi Province) Anaerobic Filter (AF) capacity of 0.75 m3/d

construction

septicfilter

Installation

Installation 23

On-site Wastewater Treatment System
in Small Communities (Cont.)
 Ko Chang (Trat Province) 19 onsite treatment (AF) with capacity of 30 m3/dCommunity

People participation

wastewatertt isi directly
ditldischarging into the sea

People participation

24

12

22/09/54

Ko Chang (Trat Province)
Flow 1- 3 m3/d
BOD 200 mg/L

Ko Chang : Anaerobic Filter (AF)Inf.

Septic
AF 1Eff.

AF 3

AF 2

BOD <30 mg/L

Construction Cost 32,200 61,600 Baht (1,00-2,00 US$)

Media

25
25

Cluster Wastewater Treatment Plant

26
26

13

22/09/54

Cluster Wastewater Treatment
Plant

27

Cluster Wastewater TreatmentPlant

Equalizing
Tankกันยายน 54

AerationTank

S dii
Sedimentation
Tank

28
2814

22/09/54

Pilot Project : Under construction
On site Wastewater Treatment capacity of 50 m3/dกันยายน 54

2929

Pilot Project : Under construction On site
Wastewater Treatment capacity of 50 m3/d (Cont.)กันยายน 54

3030

15

22/09/54

Pilot Project : On site Wastewater Treatment
capacity of 50 m3/d (Cont.)

3131

กันยายน 54

Aerated Fixed Filmกวนผสมใหน้ําเสีย
มีคุณลักษณะคงที่ระบบบําบัดน้ําเสียบานรวมมือรวมใจ
อ. ตะกั่วปา จ.พังงา

จุลินทรียบนตัวกลางในน้ําเสีย ยอยสลายสารอินทรียในน้ําเสีย
32

16

22/09/54

Pilot Project : Restaurant wastewater treatment forcapacity of 12 m3/d and area ≥ 2500 m2กันยายน 54

33
33

Pilot Project : Restaurant wastewater treatment forcapacity of 12 m3/d and area ≥ 2500 m2กันยายน 54

3434

17

22/09/54

Pilot Project : Restaurant wastewater treatment forcapacity of 12 m3/d and area ≥ 2500 m2

On‐Land System
Treated waterกันยายน 54

3535

Pilot Project : Mobile wastewater treatment
capacity of 30 m3/dกันยายน 54

36
36

18

22/09/54

Pilot Project : Mobile wastewater treatment
system37

Layout of Wetland Treatment

38

19

22/09/54

Cluster Wastewater Treatment Plant-ConstructedWetland
 Kian Ubonrat Municipality , Khonkhen Province

TypeToff Cluster
Cl t Wastewater
W tt Treatment
T tt att
Kian Ubonrat Municipality is ConstructedWetland
 Construction & Improve Landscape Cost ~2,794,000 Baht (95,000 US$) Capacity 400 m3/day(Construction Cost ~ 1,936,400 Baht)

O&M ~ 0.8-1 Baht/m3 (0.03 US$/m3)
39CannaReedTypha
4020

22/09/54

Cluster Wastewater Treatment Plant (Cont.) Small community on lakeside area at Songkhla Province
Septic + Oxidation Pond; capacity 50 m3/d

Septic tank

Grit chamber

Stabilization pond

Sludgeg

BOD-eff. <5 mg/LFlow 50 m3/d
BOD- in 500 mg/L

Wetland

Sand drying bed

41

Wastewater Treatment System in Bangkok Metropolitan
Bang Sue(120,000 m3/d)

Chatuchak(150,000 m3/d)
Din Daeng(350,000 m3/d)

Rattanakosin((40,000 m3/d)d)
Si Phraya(30,000 m3/d)Thon Buri(305,000 m3/d)

Klong Toei
(360,000 m3/d)

Chong Nonsi(200,000 m3/d)

Nong Khaem(157,000 m3/d)Symbols
Thung Khru
(65,000 m3/d)

Operation
Under construction
in Future21

22/09/54

Wastewater Treatment Systemin Bangkok Metropolitan• Constructed 7 Plants ,the treatment
capacity ~ 999,999,2000
2000mm3/d• Under Construction 1 Plants, thetreatment capacity ~ 120
120,,000 m3/d
• Construction Plan 2 Plants , thetreatment capacity ~ 603,
03,000 m3/d

Funds for Construction of Wastewater Treatment Systemin BMA
Treatment Area

Area(km2)

ServedPopulation

Capacity(m3/d)

Start ofOperation

Source of Fund(BMA:GOV)

Cost(Million Baht)

30,000

1994

BMA 100%

464

Current BMA Wastewater Treatment Systems
1. Si Phraya

2.7120,000

2. Rattanakosin

4.142

70,00040,0002000

GOV 100%883

3. Din Daeng37.01,080,000

350,000

2004

25:75

6,382

4. Cong Nonsi

28.5

580,000

200,000

2000

40:60

4,552

5. Nong Khaem

44.0

520,000

157,000

2002

40:60

2,348

6. Thung Khru

42.0

177,000

65,000

2002

40:60

1,760

7. Chatuchak

33.4

432,000

150,000

2005

60:40

3,482

T l
Total

191 7
191.7

2 979 000
2,979,000

992 000
992,000

19 871
19,871

Future BMA Wastewater Treatment Project (F/S basis)
1. Bang Sue

21.0

250,000

120,000

2012

BMA 100%

4,732

60:40

11,046

2. Klong Toei

56.0

485,000

360,000

3. Thon Buri

59.0

704,000

305,00011,561

Total

136.0

1,439,000

785,000

27,33922

22/09/54

Treatment Performance of Existing WWTP in BMA
Si PrayaRattanakosin

Din Daeng

Chong Nonsi

Nong Khaem

Thung Khru

Chatuchak

1. Start of operation

1994

2000

2004

2000

2002

2002

2005

2. Treatment area(km2)

2.7

4.142

37

28.5

4442

33.4

3. Treatment process

ASAS

ASAS

ASAS

AS

4. Site area (ha)0.28

0.66833

2.72

33.2

8.64

0.48

1.12

5. Length ofsewer pipe (km)

2.3

16.25

66

55

46

26

37.5

6. Capacity (m3/d)

30,00040,000350,000

200,000

157,000

65,000150,000

7. O&M by

DDS*

DDS*

Privatecompany

Privatecompany

Privatecompany

Privatecompany

Privatecompany

150

8. Design Criteria
8.1 BOD (mg/L)

150

200

150

150

150

150

8.2 SS (mg/L)

150

200

150

150

150

150

150

9 Inflow (m3/d)
9.
(% of Cap.)

18,21318
213(60.7)

28,79128
791(72.0)

204,931204
931(58.6)

124,282124
282(62.1)

132,605132605(84.5)

63,98063
980(98.4)

120,470120
470(80.3)

10. Influent BOD(mg/L)

56

4427245128

33

11. Influent SS (mg/L)

109

26

31

24

121

59

37

12. Effluent BOD(mg/L)(% Removal)5(90.5)11(76.4)

5(80.6)5(79.3)4(93.2)3(88.5)11(67.8)

13. Effluent SS (mg/L)(% Removal)

7(94.0)11(55.5)8(73.4)7(72.7)10(91.4)

6(90.6)12(68.4)

Si Phraya Wastewater Treatment Systemin BMA

 Service Areas: 2.7 km2
 Treatment capacity ~ 3o,ooo m3/d
 Type of Wastewater Treatment System :Contact Stabilization Activated Sludge2322/09/54

Si Phraya Wastewater Treatment System(Contact Stabilization Activated Sludge )Dindaeng Wastewater Treatment Systemin BMA

 Service Areas: 37 km2
 Treatment capacity ~ 35o,ooo m3/d
 Type of Wastewater Treatment
System : Biological Activated Sludge
Process with Nutrient Removal

24

22/09/54

Rattanakosin Wastewater Treatment Systemin BMA

Aeration tank

 Service Areas: 4.1 km2
 Treatment capacity ~ 4o,ooo m3/d
 Type of Wastewater Treatment System :Two-Stage Activated Sludge

Chongnonsi Wastewater Treatment Systemin BMA

 Service Areas: 28.5 km2
 Treatment capacity ~ 2oo,ooo m3/d
 Type of Wastewater Treatment System :Activated Sludge : Cyclic Activated Sludge System ( CASSTM )25

22/09/54

Nong Khaem Wastewater Treatment Systemin BMA

Digester Tanks

 Service Areas: 44 km2
 Treatment capacity ~ 157,000 m3/d
 Type of Wastewater Treatment System : Activated Sludge with Nutrient Removal

Tungkhru Wastewater Treatment Systemin BMA

 Service Areas: 42 km2
 Treatment capacity ~ 65,000 m3/d
 Type of Wastewater Treatment System : Activated Sludge Processwith Vertical Loop Reactor

26

22/09/54

Chatuchak Wastewater Treatment System

 Service Areas: 33.4 km2
 Treatment capacity ~ 150,000 m3/d
 Type of Wastewater Treatment System : Activated Sludge

Bang Sue Wastewater Treatment System(Under Construction)

 Service Areas: 22 km2
 Treatment capacity ~ 120,000 m3/d
 Type of Wastewater Treatment System : Activated Sludge withNutrient Removal27

22/09/54

Lesson Learned for the Implementation ofCentral Wastewater Treatment in Thailand Treatment facilities including the collection and thetreatment systems should be planned in advance and at
the same time of city planning.
planning
 High treatment technologies would require while the city
lacks available public land and to ensure the highefficiency for operation and maintenance the system.
 Public awareness and acceptance of the treatment systemis crucial especially for the willing to pay for wastewater
treatment fees.
 Law enforcement is also important especially to enforce
the Building Effluent Standards for individual buildings.
 Public Private Partnership (PPP) should be applied forlarge scale wastewater treatment plants.

Conclusions
Domestic Wastewater Management Measures Construction Measures Collection and Wastewater Treatment

Systems Sludge Management Project Wastewater Reuse and Recycle
 Non‐Construction Measures Legislation Measures/ Law Enforcement
 Public Awareness Raising Wastewater Discharge Fees’ Collection
 Private Sector Participation28

22/09/54

Thank you : Sawasdee

http://www.pcd.go.th29