2013/3/4

REPORT ON THE SURVEY ON
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERMANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN SELECTEDWEPA COUNTRIES
Presented by the WEPA Secretariat at the 8th Annual Meeting
19 February 2013

BACKGROUND– WHY INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER? ‐• This survey is conducted under a WEPA discussion topic “water environmental
governance” as a follow‐up of the framework analysis of water environmental
management conducted in 2011.
• Survey and interviews were conducted in selected WEPA partner countries to ge
more details on the industrial wastewater management – its framework, practicesand implementation challenges to facilitate lesson‐learning among WEPA countries.
• Why industrial wastewater became a focus?
‐ Industrial wastewater is a major cause of water pollution, and there are many areas affectedby industrial wastewater in the region.
‐ Most of WEPA countries established their own industrial wastewater management system,
but many of them recognize problems in implementation.
‐ In principle, regulatory framework (or flow of management system) is similar among manycountries. Therefore, it may be easy to understand and learn the experiences/lessons.

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OUTLINE OF THE SURVEY• Purpose：
The survey aims to identify current framework, practices andimplementation challenges of industrial wastewater management in WEPAcountries.
Findings of the survey will be a basis of lesson‐learning and for discussion
on future WEPA activities.
• Target countries in 2012
1) Literature review and Interviews：Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka
2) Literature review (+ brief interview): Thailand
3) Literature review only: Indonesia, Malaysia, Viet Nam and Japan

3

FLOW OF THE SURVEY
Literature review and interviews

Development of flow chart of industrial wastewater management

Plotting fact based information (e.g. number of factories regulated)

Plotting implementation challenges in the flow chart.

Identification of country specific/common challenges
Consideration of possible options of activities in the area
based on the findings422013/3/4

Ref. General flow of implementation/enforcement
Environmental Awareness ofcompanies/citizens

This survey tried to understand the challenges found in each stageof the flow of implementation

punishments
Laws, regulations and other legal document to regulate industrial wastewater(permission, registration, EIA, effluent standards, etc)

Application/
Submission
forregistration

Approval＋
Maintain/R
ecord theinfo.

Monitoring
and report ofeffluent
quality

Improvement
plan
Check/
verificationofreport/effl
uents

Maintain/record theinfo.

Guidance tocorrect non‐compliance＋
Maintain/record the info.

Inspection
Action bygovernment
Complaints from local
peopleAction by industrial
sectorAction by citizens

Regulatory Authorities (Organization in charge of enforcement)

5NOTES ABOUT THE SURVEY• This survey does not intend to “compare” or “evaluate” the system of industrial
wastewater management in WEPA countries.
• The main purpose of the survey is to develop the information to facilitate lesson‐
learning among WEPA countries by identification of current framework, practices
and implementation challenges.
• Participants are expected to discuss and exchange information on on‐going efforts
or success stories in WEPA countries to cope with the common or country‐specificissues identified by the survey.
• We also expect that the participants of the annual meeting discuss possible
activities of WEPA to address the implementation challenges of industrial
wastewater management, based on the idea of possible future activities preparedby the Secretariat.
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LIMITATION OF THE SURVEY• The differences in socio‐economic background of each country lies behind
the regulatory framework. But this survey findings to be presented today
does not fully reflect such differences.
• Therefore, the Secretariat did not summarize implementation challenges
by specific industrial types (clusters).
• If you want to raise a specific and critical issues related to a certain
industrial cluster (type of industries), please share it with us in thediscussion.

7FINDINGS

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Challenge 1：Laws, regulations, effluent standards
 Duplication of prescriptions in different laws/regulations related toindustrial effluent management

Issues Unclearness of relationship within different laws and regulations
related to industrial effluent management
 No specific legislation or rules to regulate industrial wastewater Too stringent effluent standards that industries cannot comply with.
(The standards are not realistic.)

 Some countries revised or are revising effluent standards to makethem suitable to the local situations.
 Setting temporary effluent standards is taken as a step‐by‐stepapproach
Responses
9Challenges 2: Registration, approval/permission process

Issues It is difficult for authorities to identify all factories/business entities thatshould register/get approval.
 It is difficult for authorities to know the status of operation offactories/business entities (closed, changes of their business, etc..)
 The number and/or profile of factories/business entities
registered/approved are not recorded well (e.g. no database ) The number of staff is not enough to proceed approval process (checking
documents, pre‐inspection, etc.).
 Insufficient capacity of organization(s) in charge of environmental
management in industrial estates/special economic zones

 More stringent punishment for non‐compliance of obligation
 Good connection between business registration system and effluent
Responses
registration/approval systems (such through EIA system)105

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Challenge 3. Monitoring and Reporting byIndustries
 No compliance of monitoring and reporting obligation byfactories, especially by small and medium companies.
 No official monitoring/measurement methods to follow .
Issues Automatic monitoring system of effluent quality introducedin the industries may have significant impacts.
Responses

 On‐line reporting system is introduced for industries withcertain size.
 Official authorization system of environment control
staff/treatment facility manager in a company
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Challenge 4. Inspection, verification of report andprovision of guidanceIssues Uncooperativeness of industries for inspection
 Insufficient number, capacity and facility of authorities to checkeffluent discharged from factories
 Shortage of number of capacity to verify the status of complianceespecially at local level Insufficient technical knowledge on wastewater treatment of theperson in charge

 Add punishment to “uncooperativeness” under a law/regulation

Responses

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Challenge 5. Organizational Issues

IssuesResponses

 Unclear responsibility demarcation or weak coordination
among relevant agencies (e.g. between environmental related
agencies and industrial/development related agencies)
 Fundamental administrative structure issues – e.g. complicatedrelationship between local environmental department andcentral environmental agencies.
 Introduction of co‐benefit type of project ‐‐ introduction ofwastewater treatment facilities with GHG reduction/collection
system such as bio‐bas plants. (energy‐water sector linkage
promotion)
 Reduction of pollution loads by using traditional manure recycling
system (agriculture‐water sector linkage promotion, using
traditional knowledge)
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Challenge 6. Low awareness: Low awareness of business sector oncompliance of environmental regulations and weak concerns onenvironmental conservation of citizens

IssuesResponses

 Low awareness of business sectors on compliance of environmental
regulations as a main cause of non/weak environmental actions
 There are no personnel in many companies who knows environmental
issues (e.g. no person who is in charge of environmental conservation in
the company)
 Low awareness of local people, which means that social pressure fromthe society to the industrial sector to comply with environmental
regulations is relatively low.
 Encouragement of industries to environmental audit system such as
ISO14001 and internal environmental audit system
 IETS, pollution control manager systems
 Disclosure/ranking of environmental performance of industries（e.g. PROKASHI, PROPER in Indonesia)
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Low awareness of industries/local
peopleDuplication of laws andregulations/no detail rules/
weak punishment systemagainst non‐compliance

Registration,
permission ofeffluent
discharge
EIA

Weak
coordination
betweenagencies
different sector.

Application/
submission

Difficult to know all
targeted industries
are registered(esp. SMEs)

Weakpunishments

Capacity of person in charge in industrial
estates/economic zones is not always
enough to proceed the process

Insufficient number
and capacity of person
in charge

No standard/official
methods tomonitor/measure

Monitoring
and reporting＋＋
Maintain orrecord the info.

Maintain andrecord theinfo

No systematicrecording of theinfo.

No monitoring,no reporting

Appro‐valpunishm
ent

Insufficient number of staff,
technical knowledge of staff,
facility to monitor

Check/verificationofreport/efflu
entinspection

Maintainor
recordedthe info.

Improveme
nt plan

Guidance fornon‐compliance

Uncooperat
iveness ofcompany
Not enoughstaff

No systematicrecord or database

Complaints from local
peopleAction by government
Action by industries

Duplication of responsibility, weak
coordination, etc.

Regulatory Authorities (governments)

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POSSIBLE OPTIONS OF ACTIVITIES IN THE 3RD
PHASE（FOR DISCUSSION）
 The 3rd phase of WEPA would be proposed to the Japanese government inFY2013, starting in April 2013.
 Possible options of activities to be presented in this presentation areexamples. Idea of possible options of activities is welcomed in the discussion.
Actual activities will be decided according to the budget size.
 Future activities are not necessarily conducted with participation of allpartner countries. They could be conducted in one partner countries or withparticipation of a few countries which have similar interests.
 By sharing experiences and knowledge gained will be shared with allpartners at the annual meeting and workshops, to facilitate knowledge
sharing among all partners.
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POSSIBLE OPTIONS (1)Laws, regulations, effluent standards – approval and permission
process• Thematic workshop that can timely deliver knowledge related to immediate policy
needs such as revision of standards and drafting water pollution control plan.
• Workshop or sending a short‐term expert to help transfer of the knowledge such on
wastewater inventory development.
• Training for trainers and/or text development, targeted at national government officials
who give capacity development program to local officials.
• Workshop targeted at those who are in charge of environmental management inindustrial estates or economic special zones.

Monitoring and Reporting by Industries• Development of text or guideline for managers/person in charge of environment
matters in industries.
• Development of PR or guidance materials to facilitate their understanding on waterpollution control regulations.
• Support to the training for industries• Workshop where private sector can transfer their knowledge/experiences of waterpollution control in factories in different countries.
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POSSIBLE OPTIONS (2)Inspection, verification of report, provision of guidance ‐punishments• Workshop, text development, guideline development for those who in charge ofinspection and verification at national/local level• On‐the‐job training for local government/office staff, which is supported by a short‐term international expert• Supports to establishment/capacity development of designated institute/company toconduct monitoring and effluents
Low awareness of business sector on compliance of environmental
regulations and weak concerns on environmental conservation of citizens• Workshop where wide range of stakeholder will be invited.
• Support to the national‐wide or regional‐wide water quality monitoring by citizens
and visualization of the monitoring results in a map• International/national workshop to facilitate information exchange among
government‐industry‐NGOs
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POINTS FOR DISCUSSION• Challenges in industrial wastewater management→ Any other common/country‐specific challenges very critical?
→ What Knowledge is necessary to promote compliance or achieveadministrative targets?
→ What is the biggest challenges in enforcement?
• Experiences and Lessons to address the challenges identified. (Goodpractices)• Possible activities under WEPA on industrial wastewater management
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ACTIONS FOLLOWED BY TODAY’S DISCUSSION• WEPA Secretariat received a few project proposals for theactivities in the 3rd phase.
• In addition to the discussion of today, we will consider whatkind of concrete activities can be conducted in the future.
• Preparatory discussion or pilot activities will be conducted in2013, where appropriate.
• Selection criteria of activities will be discussed in due course
among WEPA countries, but “urgency” “timeliness” and“proactive engagement of WEPA partner(s)”2010