9/22/2011

Implementation Issues inWastewater Management for Metro Manila
3rd International Workshop and 7th Annual Meeting ofWater Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA)Mark Tom Mulingbayan
BS Civ Eng, MS Envi Eng

Environment Department
22 September 2011

Securing the Future Today

1

Outline of Presentation

 MWSS Privatization and Service Obligations
 Accomplishments in wastewater and Master Plan Septic Tank Management
 Sewerage Expansion

 Challenges in Project Implementation and Operations

21

9/22/2011

MWSS Privatization (1997)
NATIONAL WATER CRISIS ACT

Metropolitan Waterworks andSewerage System (MWSS)

Metro Manila,Philippines

CONCESSIONAGREEMENTWEST ZONE

EAST ZONE

Concession period 1997‐2022,
later extended to 2037
3PPP Business Model Concession Agreement with MWSS
 Concessionaire to improve
pand expand
pwater & wastewater services
 Full cost recovery; no government subsidies
 Tariff reviewed every 5 years to incorporate adjustments in business plan Regulator defines Appropriate Discount Rate (ADR) All assets to be turned over to MWSS at the end of concession42

9/22/2011

Metropolitan Waterworks & Sewerage System (MWSS)

MWSSRegulatory Office

5Water Availability in the East Zone (24/7)
199720113.1 MILLION CUSTOMERS

6.1 MILLION CUSTOMERS

26%99%

24 hours

13-23 hours

0-12 hours
11% NRW as ofmid‐201163

9/22/2011

MWSS Sewerage in 1997
La MesaDam• Before 1997, less than 3% sewer
coverage2

1. Manila’s old sewer network
2. Dagat-dagatan sewernetwork

4San JuanRiver

3. Makati CBD sewer network
4. Scattered communal septictanks in Quezon City, Cainta& Pasig

MarikinaRiver

1ManilaBay• More than 80% use septic tanks

PasigRiver3• Most improperly designed• Not regularly maintained• ~10% have no access to sanitaryfacilities

Laguna Lake

7

Existing sanitation infrastructure forurban areas in the Philippines

directdischarge ofraw sewage

SEPTICTANKSEPTIC
TANK

Seepage togroundwater

STREET DRAINS
Untreated sewage, partially treated sewage+ stormwater84

9/22/2011

MWC’s Combined Sewer System

COMBINED SEWER-DRAINAGE LINE

overflowduringheavyrains

INTERCEPTOR SYSTEM

Sewage &Septage
Treatment
Plant

treatedeffluent

9‘Free’ Septic Tank Desludging Program• Scheduled every 5 years fornon‐sewered communities• Service does not include opening
and sealing of septic tanks

1059/22/2011

Desludging Works

Filtrate Treatment and Disposal/Reuse

Septage Treatment
Biosolids Disposal

11

Accomplishments in Septic Tank Management>850,000 households served(mid-2011)

2 Septage Treatment Plants(FTI Taguig & San Mateo)
total cap. 1,400 m3/day
operational mid-2007

1269/22/2011

Manila Water’s Wastewater Facilities (2011)

35 facilities with total capacity of>135,000 m3 per day

13147

9/22/2011

Challenges in project implementation andoperations
 Infrastructure for collecting sewage
 Land acquisition for treatment plants
 Nutrient removal requirements in the future Concept of effluent compliance for publicly owned
treatment facilities
 Sustainabilityy of wastewater tariff structure

15

Retrofitting the city for sewage collection
 Combined sewer systems
 Adopted in 2005 MWSS Master Plan,
as a transitional provision for
wastewater collection until separate
systems are in place No implementing rules andregulations yet from the DENR
 Issues on maintenance of street
drains due to garbage accumulation(local government rresponsibility,
not water utility’s)

1689/22/2011

Acquisition of land for sewage treatment plants
 According to Clean Water Act of 2004,
the local governments shall appropriate
land for wastewater infrastructure.
 LGUsLGU own very littl
little lland,d anddh
have verysmall areas.
 Best areas for sewage treatment plants areoccupied by informal settlers.

Poblacion STP

 MWC’s creative ways to acquire land

Pineda STP

 Multi‐purpose spaces, e.g. under coveredbasketball courts, parking lot, over flood
retention ponds, riverbanks...
 Buy private properties
Olandes STP

17

Impending nutrient removal requirement Current general effluent standards (DAO 1990‐35) do notprescribe nitrogen and phosphorus limits Clean Water Act of 2004 provides for effluent standards revision Draft revision includes nutrient removal requirements, but with unrealistic
and inconsistent limits (e.g. NH3‐N limit of 0.5 mg/L with BOD of 50 mg/L)
not based on scientific analysis of risk to receiving water bodies.

 Question for water utility: Do we retrofit existing STPs?
 Additional investments ‐‐ CAPEX to be recovered from customers
 No more space for STP expansion/retrofit Possible solution via load allocations‐based regulation

189

9/22/2011

Compliance concept for water utilities
 Existing pollution laws written withprivate industries in mind
 Grab‐sample based monitoring Cease of discharges if non‐compliant
non compliant
 100% compliance requirement

 Water utilities have no control overinfluent wastewater flows & quality
 No mechanism to transfer liability toillegal
g dischargers
g into sewer network
 Need for statistics‐based definition ofcompliance Possible load‐based regulatory setup19Sustainability of current wastewater tariff structure 1997 Concession Agreement
 10% environmental charge for all customers
 50% sewer charge for those covered by sewer networks

 Adjustments 2008 onwards
 Combined sewers have noliteral sewer connections
 Shift to 20% environmental
chargehfor
f ddomesticticustomers within 5 years

20109/22/2011

Sustainability of current wastewater tariff structure In half a decade, the cost of collecting and treating wastewater
will have overtaken that of water supply. Will customers
understand the extra charges?
 Currently, the water bill subsidizes the cost of wastewatermanagement.
 Segregate actual costs? Customers unwilling to pay higher for sewerage Lump total costs? Lack of transparency in what people pay for Public
P bli awareness andd ‘‘willingness
illito pay’’ Is government subsidy for wastewater a possibility now?

21

Other issues
 Pre‐treatment standards for commercial/industrial dischargers
into the sewer network
 Mechanism for water utility providing full wastewater treatment
services to small‐ and medium‐sized commercial enterprises
where sewer networks are unavailable.
 Standards for wastewater reuse Sustainable management of sludge/biosolids

2211

9/22/2011

Summary Public Private Partnership (PPP) allows Metro Manila to be finally on
track to attain full coverage of wastewater services.
 Most of the challenges associated with wastewater service expansion
are associated with the fact that the urban areas are already built up.
 Water and environmental institutions need to respond to technical andsocial issues never encountered before.
 Public approval and willingness to pay is essential for the sustainabilityof our wastewater services expansion initiatives.

23

Securing the Future Today

12