Vietnam Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
VIETNAM ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATIONPIG WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
IN VIETNAMLEGAL FRAMEWORK AND
FUTURE ORIENTATION
Nguyen Phan Thuy LINH
Pollution Control Department
VEA – MONRE

Chiang Mai, February 2017

I. Overview of pig production in Vietnamand its environmental issues

SOCIAL REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM- Total area: 331,698 km2- Population: 90.730.000

38%

44%

Industry
Agriculture
Service18%

Contribution to Vietnam’s GDP by Industry, 2013

Vietnam has been a agricultural
civilization for much of its history.
However, the economic development
towards industrialization, agriculture stillaccounts for a high proportion.
3

Pig growth in Vietnam

27,600,000
27,400,000
27,200,000
27,000,000
26,800,000
26,600,000
26,400,000
26,200,000
26,000,000
25,800,000
25,600,000
2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

4

1,903,281

Central Highland
Southeast

3,358,493

Mekong River Delta

3,802,971
5,420,643

Central Coast
Northern Uplands

7,175,528

Red River Delta

7,414,398
02,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

Distribution of pig farming in Vietnam by ecological zones

PIG FARMING IN VIETNAM

serious environmental pollution
 2003: 7 hot spots
 2013: + 13 hot spots

Water pollution
Wastewater  contains various
environmental pollutants with highcontentoforganicmatters,suspended sediments, N, P andpathogenic micro-organisms

Odor pollution:- In-cage odor: is carried out by air
ventilation system or naturalventilation, which are radiated tothe environment.
- Out-cage odor: from solid waste
and waste treatment locations.

Solid waste pollution:
Pig farming solid waste comprises of manure,padding material, hair, organic compound
generated by slaughtering facilities

6II. Legal framework of
pig wastewater managementin Vietnam

WASTEWATERMANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Authority system

Government

Legal document system

LAW

POLICY:- Decision of Prime Mister- Resolution of Government

Ministry

REGULATION
 Legal documents Ministerial level

Locality

Local regulations
 specified the general regulations

Environmental &water resources
legislation

PIG
PRODUCTION
ACTIVITIES

Environmental
Procedure

Veterinary
legislation

Veterinary hygiene
requirements

Permit ofdischarging

Wawtewater
treatment

Quarantine
requirements

Monitoring

QUALITY
Water
Environment

Porkproducts

#1. POLICYEnvironmental
protection

PIG PRODUCTION
ACTIVITIES- Decision
No.1206/QD-TTg(2012):
National
TargetProgramonenvironmental
remediation
andimprovement in the period of 2012 –2015- Decision
No.1216/QD-TTg(2012):
National strategy for environmental
protection by 2020, and the orientation
towards 2030
- Dicision No.166/QD-TTg 2014): The
Plan for implementation of National
strategy for environmental protection
by 2020, and the orientation towards
2030- Decision No.122/QD-TTg (2013): theNational strategy to protect, care, andimprove public health during 2011 2020 period, and the orientation towards
2030

Agriculturalgrowth&Food sercurity- Decision No. 10/2008/QD-TTg ofPrime Minister on approving theStrategy on animal breeding
development up to 2020
- Decree No. 210/2013/NĐ-CP ofGovernment on incentive policies
for enterprises investing inagriculture and rural areas- Circular No. 09/2015/TT-BNNPTNTof MARD on guiding the incentive
policies for improving the efficiencyof livestock farms during 2015-2020.

#2. LAW
LEP2014
 Indispensable environmental procedures:- Strategic environment assessment (Chapter II, Section 2)
 Strategies/ planning for development of agriculture, forestry,
aquaculture, irrigation, or animal husbandry- Environmental impact assessment (Chapter II, Section 3)
 Construction projects for livestock establishments ~ at least
1,000 m2

 Environmental protection in agricultural production (Article 69):
Concentrated breeding areas must collect, treat wastewater andsolid wastes in accordance with waste management regulations

LEP2014
 Wastewater management (Chapter IX, Section 4)
 Wastewater shall be collected and treated in accordance withenvironmental standards
 The wastewater treatment system shall be monitored periodic before
and after the treatment.
 The discharge source which has a large amount of wastewater (> 1,000m3 /day) must be monitored atomically Environmental protection fee for wastewater:- Big scale  industrial wastewater fee- Household scale  daily – life wastewater feeLaw on Water
Resource 2012 Permit of wastewater discharge
All activity of discharge wastewater into environment must belicensed by competent authority,
except: domestic wastewater; < 5 m3/day without harmful
chemicals and radioactive substances;CriminalCode 2000

 This Code contains provisions relating to environmental crimes
in livestock activities, including: crime of water pollution, crime ofcausing spread of diseases dangerous to humans, animals andplants

#3. National Technical Regulation – Standards system

PIG
PRODUCTION
ACTIVITIES

Environmental &water resources
legislation

 QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT On
the effluent of livestock
Parameter

Unit

pH

Value CAB

6-9

5.5 - 9

BOD5Mg/l

40

100

COD

Mg/l

100

300

TSS

Mg/l

50

150

Total
Nitrogen

Mg/l

50

150

Total
Coliform

MPN or
CFU/100ml

3000

5000

Veterinary
legislation

 QCVN0114:
2010/BNNPTNT: On conditions
for bio-security of pig farm
 QCVN 01 - 79: 2011/BNNPTNT
Cattle and poultry farm Hygiene
inspectionandevaluation procedure QCVN 01-99: 2012/BNNPTNT
andQCVN
01-100:2012/BNNPTNT on veterinary
hygiene conditions

Central Level
GOVERNMENT
Ministry of
Natural resources& Environment
MONRE

VietnamEnvironmental
Administration
VEA
Pollution
Control
Department
PCD

Centre forEnvironmental
Mornitoring
CEM- Water pollution control- Wastewater management- Wastewater monitoring

Ministry ofAgriculture &Rural Development
MARD

Science,Technology &Environment
Department

LivestockHusbandry
Department

AnimalHealthDepartment- Environmental Protection inlivestock- Environmental remediationin livestock- Applying
wastewater
treatment

Local LevelPEOPLE’S COMMITTEES
Provin/city

Department of
Natural resources& Environment
DONRE

Branch ofEnvironmental
Protection

Department ofAgriculture &Rural Development
DARD

Local Centrefor
Environmental
Monitoring- Water pollution control- Wastewater management- Wastewater monitoring

Chi cụcChăn nuôi
& Thú y- Environmental Protection inlivestock- Research and Applicationof method of wastewater
treatment in livestock

PEOPLE’S COMMITTEESDistrictPIG FARMING IN VIETNAM
Environmental quality> Benefit <Economical
achievements

Problems of Pollution

The centralized
farms:
 67%
have
wastewater
treatment
system but theeffect isn’t fully
processed.
 2,8%
isreportedforEIA.

Householdfarms:
 Use biogas
in household
but most areoverloaded.
 Discharge
directly into
the drain There is no general guidelines forconstruction of pig breeding wastewater
treatment systems using biogas in Vietnam.
 The requirements n’ standards for small
biogas constructions are not suitable for the
medium ones in farming.
 Can’t separate dry manure and wastewater.
 The cost is quite high.
 Awareness of farmers n’ farm owner inenvironment protection is still low.
 The technical level is not high enough, mainly
learn experiences from another farm

Difficulties and shortcomings
 The overlap of functions and tasks in livestock
management between the MONRE and the MARD

waste

 No legal documents stipulating the regulations on cooperation
between the MONRE and the MARD on livestock environmental
management, causing to a shortage of information sharing
between the two ministries
 The legal provisions relating to waste management and pig
wastewater are inadequate, lack of feasibility
 Resources (human, technology,management in locality are limitedfinance)

forwastewater Awareness of the business is low, conscious of law enforcement
is not high
 Enterprises are unable to access the capital investment
incentives for environmental protection.
 The conflict between economical and environmental benefits

III. FUTURE ORIENTATIONS Solution on improvement of policies, legal documents- MONRE and MARD: developing regulations on environmental
management in livestock:+ Guiding for ensuring environmental hygiene in livestock;+ Guiding for the application of livestock waste treatment,
environmental sanitation measures in livestock- Developing the guidelines and regulations for environmental
protection in livestock; policies to encourage the application ofcleaner production in the pig farming operations;- Developing the regulations on coordination between MONRE andMARD

 Solution on management
planning of livestockorganization and development-Complete the management system, division of responsibilities
among the various levels and branches, especially theresponsibility for environmental management between the DoNRE
and the DARD,-The DoNRE need to strictly implement on the evaluation andapproval process of reports on environmental impact assessment
for pig breeding farms.

-Raising awareness, consciousness of compliance regulations onenvironmental protection and environmental hygiene of livestock-Review the planning and re-planning the livestock farms with bìscale away from residential areas, in order to gradually restrict thesmall-scale livestock in residential areas.

THANK YOU FOR YOURATTENTION!

POLLUTION CONTROL DEPARTMENT
No 10 – Ton That Thuyet Str, Nam Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam