SUMMARY OF MAJOR
MODIFICATIONS AND
EXPLANATORY NOTES
2022 Prohibited List
SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES(IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION)

PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
S0. Non-approved Substances• BPC-157 is now prohibited under S0 following a recent re-evaluation and added as an example.

S1. Anabolic Agents• Tibolone is transferred from S1.2 to S1.1 because it has clinical effects as a synthetic oral androgen
mediated by effects on the androgen receptor, largely due to its conversion to the delta-4 tibolone
metabolite, which is a potent androgen.
• Osilodrostat, a CYP11B1 inhibitor, is added to S1.2 due to its off-target increase in circulating
testosterone.

S2. Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics• Lonapegsomatropin, somapacitan and somatrogon are added as examples of growth hormone
analogues, which led to the reorganization and splitting of S2.2.3.

S3. Beta-2 Agonists• The daily dosing time intervals for salbutamol are modified to 600 micrograms over 8 hours startingfrom the time any dose is taken (previously 800 micrograms over 12 hours). This is to reduce the riskof any potential Adverse Analytical Finding arising after high doses are taken at once.
• The total permitted daily dose remains at 1600 micrograms over 24 hours. A Therapeutic Use
Exemption (TUE) should be sought for doses in excess of these limits.
• For example, an athlete could take 600 micrograms in the first 8 hours, 600 micrograms in thefollowing 8 hours, and 400 micrograms in the remaining 8 hours of the day, without the need for aTUE.
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SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITIONPROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
S6. Stimulants• S.6 Exceptions: Imidazole derivatives was changed to imidazoline derivatives to distinguishbetween generic imidazole derivatives and sympathomimetic imidazolines.
• Cathine footnote: It was clarified that the urinary threshold of 5 µg/mL cathine refers to bothisomers of norpseudoephedrine, i.e. the d-and the l-isomer (also referred to as 1S,2S- and 1R,2Rnorpseudoephedrine, respectively).
• Ethylphenidate, methylnaphthidate ((±)-methyl-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2- (piperidin-2-yl)acetate) and4-fluoromethylphenidate are added to S6.b as examples of methylphenidate analogues. Thesesubstances have been prevalent in a number of countries over the past decade as they are often
presented as alternatives to methylphenidate.
• Hydrafinil (fluorenol) is added to S6.b as an example of modafinil and adrafinil analogue.

S9. Glucocorticoids• Flucortolone is updated to its International Non-proprietary Name (INN), fluocortolone.
• All injectable routes of administration are now prohibited for glucocorticoids during the InCompetition period. As proposed in the draft 2021 Prohibited List circulated for consultation
to stakeholders in May 2020, WADA’s Executive Committee approved at its 14-15 September
2020 meeting prohibition of all injectable routes of administration of glucocorticoids during theIn-Competition period. Examples of injectable routes of administration include: intravenous,intramuscular, periarticular, intra-articular, peritendinous, intratendinous, epidural, intrathecal,intrabursal, intralesional (e.g. intrakeloid), intradermal, and subcutaneous. However, in order tothoroughly and widely communicate the rule changes and to allow sufficient time for informationand education, the Executive Committee decided to introduce the prohibition of all injectableglucocorticoid routes and the implementation of the new rules on 1 January 2022. This allows,for example, Athletes and medical personnel to get a better understanding of the practicalimplementation of the washout periods, Laboratories to update their procedures to incorporate
the revised and substance-specific new minimum reporting levels (MRL), and sports authorities todevelop educational tools for Athletes, medical and support personnel to address the safe use of
glucocorticoids for clinical purposes and prevent doping.
• For clarification, oral administration of glucocorticoids also includes oromucosal, buccal, gingival
and sublingual routes. Dental-intracanal application is not prohibited.

2Addition of local injections as prohibited routes• Oral, intramuscular, rectal and intravenous routes were prohibited because there is clear evidenceof systemic effects which could potentially enhance performance and be harmful to health. There
are now also sufficient data available to show that the same systemic concentrations as existingprohibited routes can be achieved after administration by local injection (including periarticular,intra-articular, peritendinous and intratendinous) at licensed therapeutic doses.
• The systemic plasma and hence urinary concentrations of glucocorticoids that are reached afteradministration by local injection using normal licensed therapeutic doses were demonstrated toreach levels consistent with doses that were shown to have the potential to improve performancein clinical studies. These levels are similar to, and even higher than, those obtained after otherexisting prohibited routes of administration of the same drug. The systemic effect of glucocorticoids
following local injectable routes of administration may therefore present a significant potential toboth improve performance and cause harm to health.

Explanation of the approach taken• Glucocorticoids include naturally occurring hormones and synthetic analogues and possess a wide
range of potencies and pharmacokinetic properties. The body naturally produces a daily output of
the endogenous glucocorticoid (cortisol). However, administering glucocorticoid drugs can result ina total glucocorticoid exposure to the body that is much greater than the highest levels of normal
physiological cortisol production, which could potentially be performance enhancing.
• The administration of glucocorticoid medications by inhaled, or topical routes (including
dental-intracanal, dermal, intranasal, ophthalmological and perianal), in accordance with the
manufacturer’s approved dosing regimen, are unlikely to reach systemic concentrations which may
be performance enhancing.
• However, for other routes of administration (for example, oral), studies involving commonly usedglucocorticoids at the normal therapeutic dose range indicated a performance-enhancing effect.
These doses can be expressed in terms of cortisol-equivalents and thereby the dose which may
be potentially performance enhancing for any glucocorticoid and route of administration can bedetermined using this approach.
• This systematic approach was applied to determine the glucocorticoid routes of administrationthat are either prohibited or not prohibited in sport. Consequently, revised and substance-specificlaboratory MRL based on excretion studies are introduced to better reflect the proposed approach.
To note, the revised MRL are increased or remain unchanged for all glucocorticoids except
triamcinolone acetonide, which was revised to a lower MRL. Overall, these changes should reduce
the number of Adverse Analytical Findings reported by laboratories.

3Washout periods following administration of glucocorticoids• Any injection of glucocorticoids is prohibited In-Competition. Given the widespread availability andthe common use of glucocorticoids in sports medicine, Athletes and their Support Personnel areadvised of the following:
1. Use of a glucocorticoid by injection during the In-Competition period requires a Therapeutic UseExemption; otherwise, an alternative permitted medication in consultation with a physician shallbe used.
2. After administration of glucocorticoids, urinary MRL which would result in an Adverse AnalyticalFinding can be reached for different periods of time after administration (ranging from days toweeks), depending on the glucocorticoid administered and the dose. To reduce the risk of anAdverse Analytical Finding, Athletes should follow the minimum washout periods*, expressedfrom the time of administration to the start of the In-Competition period (i.e. beginning at 11:59
p.m. on the day before a Competition in which the Athlete is scheduled to participate, unless adifferent period was approved by WADA for a given sport). These washout periods are based on theuse of these medications according to the maximum manufacturer’s licensed doses:
Route
Oral**

Intramuscular

Local injections (including
periarticular, intra-articular,peritendinous and intratendinous)

Glucocorticoid
All glucocorticoids;
Except: triamcinolone;triamcinolone acetonide
Betamethasone; dexamethasone; methylprednisolone
Prednisolone; prednisone
Triamcinolone acetonide
All glucocorticoids;
Except: prednisolone; prednisone; triamcinolone acetonide;
triamcinolone hexacetonide

Washout period*
3 days10 days
5 days10 days
60 days
3 days10 days* Washout period refers to the time from the last administered dose to the time of the start of the InCompetition period (i.e. beginning at 11:59 p.m. on the day before a Competition in which the Athlete isscheduled to participate, unless a different period was approved by WADA for a given sport). This is toallow elimination of the glucocorticoid to below the reporting level.
** Oral routes also include e.g. oromucosal, buccal, gingival and sublingual.

3. If the glucocorticoid needs to be administered via a prohibited route within these washout time
periods, a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) may be required. Physicians administering local
injections of glucocorticoids should be aware that periarticular or intra-articular injection may
sometimes inadvertently result in intramuscular administration. If intramuscular administration
is suspected, the washout periods for the intramuscular route should be observed, or a TUE
application sought.

44. Please note that as per Article 4.1e of the International Standard for TUEs, an Athlete may apply
retroactively for a TUE if the Athlete Used Out-of-Competition, for therapeutic reasons, a Prohibited
Substance that is only prohibited In-Competition. Athletes are strongly advised to have a medical
file prepared and ready to demonstrate their satisfaction of the TUE conditions set out at Article
4.2, in case an application for a retroactive TUE is necessary following Sample collection.

• For additional information including the revised MRL, please consult the recently publishedarticle with details of the process that lead to these changes: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/
early/2021/04/19/bjsports-2020-103512.full?ijkey=APWRPYVYjy69LOH&keytype=ref

P1. Beta-blockers• Underwater Sports (CMAS) subdisciplines were regrouped. This change does not affect the current
subdisciplines where beta-blockers are prohibited.

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MONITORING PROGRAM• The monitoring of bemitil, and glucocorticoids is discontinued as the required prevalence data wereobtained.
* For further information on previous modifications and clarifications, please consult theProhibited List Q & A at www.wada-ama.org/en/questions-answers/prohibited-list-qa.

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