Progress of Action Program on
implementing Total Maximum Daily
Loads in Indonesia
Presented by
Herry Hamdani, Indonesia

the WEPA 15th Annual Meeting
7 February 2020
Bangkok, Thailand

Definition• Environmental carrying capacity according to Law No.32 year 2009 concerning
Environmental Protection and Management is the ability of the environment to absorb
substances, energy, and / or other components that enter or are incorporated into it.
• Pollution Load Capacity of water or Assimilative Capacity or Total Maximum Daily Loads

or Total Allowable Pollution Load: the ability of water at a water source, to receive input ofpollution loads without causing the water to become polluted• Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) or Total Allowable Pollution Load (TAPL): The

amount of pollutant load that is allowed to enter a water source without causing the water
source to be polluted

FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORK
Watershed
Hydrology andMorphology

Water Quality
Monitoring(Manual andonline)
River Quality
Data
Water class andwater quality
standard
Water Quality
StatusWater Quality
Index

Physical, social,
Economic, and cultural
conditions nears river

Inventory andidentification ofpollutant sources
Location, number andType of pollutant
sources

TotalMaximum
Daily Load
Pollution Load Allocation:- Spatial: administration, subwatershed, river segment- Sectoral: typology of pollutant
sources- Temporal: current and future
Activities on water Pollution control:- Reducing pollutant load at sources- Recovery of water quality

WATER POLLUTION LOAD CAPACITY
Government Regulation No.82 Year 2001

Determination of water pollution load capacity at the source is used as a basis for:• Stipulation of location permit for business and/or activity;• Stipulation of environmental permits relating to the disposal of wastewater to watersources;• Stipulation of waste water quality standard;• Stipulation of provincial policies in controlling water pollution;• Preparation of regional spatial plans; and• Determination of target water quality.

Pollution Load Capacity(Daya Tampung Beban Pencemaran)• Definition:• "The ability of water in a water source, to receive pollution load without causing the water tobecome polluted"•(Article 1 letter 13, GR 82 of 2001)

Determination of TMDL is based on:• Hydromorphological data on water• Water quality standards, results of water quality monitoring• The results of the inventory and identification of water pollutants at water sources

Calculation of TMDL Model(Ministry of Environment’s Decree No. 110/2010)
The TMDL model that can be used:• The mass balance and Streeter-Phelps are actually sufficient to calculate thecapacity in the current conditions.
• The QUAL2E model has now been changed to QUAL2KW.
• The use of more complex models can be used as intended: Watershed,hydrodynamic, mass transport, or water bodies such as BASINS, HSPF, EFDC,WASP and STREAM.

POLLUTION LOAD CAPACITY AND
LOAD ALLOCATIONCONCENTRATION(mg/lt9RIVERS WITH
CLASS II WATERQUALITY
BOD = 3 mg/lt

3Ʃ POLLUTION LOAD
> CARRYINGCAPACITYƩ POLLUTION LOAD <CARRYING CAPACITY0POLLUT
ION
SOURC
ESPS

NPS

Segmen 1

PS

NPS

Segmen 2

PS

NPS

Segmen 3

PS

NPS

Segmen 4

PS

NPS

Segmen 5

REKAPITULASI PERHITUNGAN DAYA TAMPUNG BEBAN PENCEMARAN

Nama
Sungai

Beban
PencemarEksisting/Aktual(kg/hr)

Daya
Tampung
Beban
Pencemar(kg/hr)Selisih
Beban
Pencemaran(kg/hr)

Keterangan

IntervensiMusisegmen 1500700200Tersedia

Pengaturan
alokasibebanpencemaran

Ciliwung
Segmen 3

1000

700-300

Melampaui

Penurunan
Beban
Pencemaran

Mandates
Government Regulation No. 82 /201:
1. Determination Water Class
2. Pollution Inventory
Identification
3. Determination Pollution Load Capacity
4. Pollution Load Allocation

LOKASI
Ciliwung River
Segment 3

BOD
Actual: 5mg/l

Class 2(Waterrecreation):
BOD :3 mg/l

existing
Load(kg/day)
1000

TMDL(kg/day)
700

TargetPollution
load
reduction(kg/day)
300

POLLUTION
SOURCES OF EXISTING LOAD REDUCTIOLOAD
LOCATIONPOLLUTER CONTRIBUTION N TARGET ALLOCATIONBODBODCiliwung
RiverSegment 3
kg/daykg/daykg/day
Industrial
200 (20%)60
Domestic
500 (50%)
150Farming
100 (10%)30300
Animalhusbandry
100 (10%)30Fisheries
100 (10%)301000 (100%)300

PRIORITY WATERSHED 2014 -2019

1. DAS Citarum
2. DAS Ciliwung
3. DAS Siak
4. DAS Solo
5. DAS Brantas
6. DAS Cisadane
7. DAS Kapuas

8. DAS Sekampung
9. DAS Asahan Toba
10. DAS Serayu
11. DAS Jeneberang
12. DAS Saddang

13. DAS Moyo
14. DAS Musi
15. DAS Limboto- 9 Watershed has been established byDecree of the Minister ofEnvironment and Forestry Ministerial- 6 other watersheds are still being
processed

MOEF ROI and WEPA ACTIVITIESPotential of TMDL Application in Indonesia –Case Study Upstream Citarum River
Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic ofIndonesia
Jakarta, 17 Jan 202013

Outline of Potential of TMDL Application in Indonesia
Case Study Upstream Citarum River14• Overview of Citarum River• Quality of Citarum River• Pollution Load in Upstream Citarum River Basin• Potential of TMDL Application for Citarum River15
Map ofCitarumRiver• Focus on Upstream••••Wangisagara
Koyod
After Cisirung WWTPNanjungCitarum River – BOD Quality

16BOD (mg/l)
Overall (2014 - 2019)

Category

2019 (Period 1 - 3)

Sampling Points
MinMaxAvg

MinMaxAvg

Overall2019

Wangisagara

2.00

25.00

6.48

2.00

3.00

2.33

IVII

Koyod

3.00

126.11

24.34

3.00

36.00

20.67

> IV

> IV

After Cisirung WWTP

5.00

135.83

23.19

5.00

25.00

16.00

> IV

> IV

Nanjung

4.95

82.97

22.80

5.00

44.00

27.00

> IV

> IV

Citarum River – COD Quality

17COD (mg/l)
Overall (2014 - 2019)

Category

2019 (Period 1 - 3)

Sampling Points
MinMaxAvg

MinMaxAvg

Overall2019

Wangisagara

6.10

75.00

22.21

7.00

12.00

8.67

III

Koyod

7.00

305.00

70.31

7.00

121.00

68.33

IVIV

After Cisirung WWTP

13.47

162.07

57.67

28.00

58.00

41.00

IVIII

Nanjung

12.53

190.00

66.39

28.00

102.00

70.33

IVIV

Citarum River – TSS Quality

18

TSS (mg/l)
Overall (2014 - 2019)

Category

2019 (Period 1 - 3)

Sampling Points
MinMaxAvg

MinMaxAvg

Overall2019

Wangisagara

7.00

402.67

58.44

20.00

31.00

23.67

III / IV

I / II

Koyod

9.00

459.00100.9252.00

136.00106.33

III / IV

III / IV

After Cisirung WWTP

11.75

257.67

66.02

30.00

97.00

54.33

III / IV

III / IVNanjung

7.00

424.00

83.27

36.00

171.0082.67

III / IV

III / IVOverview of Citarum River

19(Pollutant Load)• Pollutant load based on its source can be divided into several categories, namely:
Domestic Pollutant Load

5Agricultural Pollutant Load

(upstream)

Livestock Pollutant Load

Fishery Pollutant Load

Hospital & Hotel Pollutant Load

Industrial Pollutant Load

Data from WestJava Statistics
AgencyMOEF (2019)locationsoftargeted

1.

City of Bandung2.

Cimahi City

3.

Bandung Regency

4.

West Bandung Regency

5.

Sumedang Regency

area• Citarum river has been classified as one of the top 10 most polluted rivers in the world, affected by thedischarges of untreated or partially treated wastewater from both domestic and industrial wastewater sources.
• Concentration –based effluent standard is considered not efficient enough in addressing the challenges ofwater pollution in this river.
•It is necessary to introduce TMDLs regulation for establishing the maximum levels of pollutants that Citarum
river can take in without exceeding existing water quality standards. TMDLs can be applied to both point
sources and nonpoint sources.

Implementation of WEPA Action
Program in Indonesia
OBJECTIVES OF WEPA ACTION PROGRAM IN INDONESIA

1. To conduct a review on existing literature and gather field data, including historical data and status of water
quality in Citarum river over the last 5 years (by river segments) and estimated pollution load from various
sources (both point and non-point sources) discharged into the river, for the evaluation of current status,challenges and opportunities for the improvement of water environmental pollution management in Citarum
river.
2. To investigate potential barriers and drivers for the implementation of TMDLs regulations in Indonesia.
3. To examine good practices and lessons learned regarding the introduction and implementation of TMDLs
regulation around the world (particularly from the implementation of TPLCS in Japan), including calculating
and allocating methods of pollution discharge loads from both point and non-point sources of pollution; theapplication of economic instruments such as water quality trading for water pollution control ; and to discuss
on how these practices or lessons learned can be applied in the case of Indonesia in general and in Citarum
river in particular.
4. To support and provide inputs to the established Strategies and Guidelines for determining the concentrationand discharge of wastewater for industries, a requirement in the wastewater effluent permit under theframework of the TMDL Special Ministerial Decree of 2017.

Activities under the WEPA Action
Program in Indonesia• Lectures by Prof. Okada held at Park Hotel, Jakarta on January 19, 2019 regarding the implementation ofTMDL in Japan attended by Provincial and City/District officials in the 3 priority watersheds namely Citarum,
Ciliwung and Cisadane. The meeting was also attended by representatives from Center of Environmental
Research (CER) the University of Indonesia, the Bogor Institute of Agriculture and the Bandung Institute ofTechnology.
• Workshop on the Incorporation of TMDL in the Discharge Permits at Harris Hotel Bandung on January 23-25,
2019 participating by Provincial and District City officials in the Citarum Watershed. The Workshop provides
opportunities for local governmental agencies (e.g. Kawasaki City) and companies in Japan (and other WEPA
partner countries) to share information, practical experience and knowhow on the implementation of TMDLs or
total pollution load control system in Japan at city/prefecture level,…which gives a direction for shaping theTMDLs concept for Indonesia. A field visit to the Citarum River has been also arranged after the Workshop.

• Development of Strategies for the implementation of TMDLs regulation in the upstream of Citarum
River.
• Support and provide inputs to the development of Guidelines for the Implementing TMDLs in Indonesia incollaboration with CER ITB and WEPA Secretariat• Discussion of the results of the collaborative study under the WEPA Action Program at the Office of theDirectorate for PPA Jakarta on 17 January 2020

Typical Procedures of TPLCS in Japan(Source: Tomisaka, 2011)22
22

Current Status TMDL inIndonesia• Step 1-6 has been carried out for at least 15 national priority watersheds, and several watersheds by theregions• Step 7-11 is being pursued even though it still faces obstacles, especially in the implementation ofreducing the burden of pollution from non-point sources and converting TMDL numbers into BMALs inlicensing• MOEF requested WEPA to share Japanese’s experiences of implementing TMDL /TPLCS.
• WEPA Secretariat has visited MOEF office for discussion the progress of the implementation of WEPA
Action Program in Indonesia; and for sharing Japanese’s experience on the implementation of total
pollution load control and established Guidelines on the Implementation of Total Pollution Load Control
System (TPLCS), developed by MOEJ.

The Way Forward and Expected Outcomesfrom WEPA Action Program• It is expected the Governmental regulation related to TMDLs will be approved by the middle of this year 2020 (Finaldraft of regulation is now undergone reviewing process by all relevant ministries in Indonesia)• Guidelines for the Implementation of TMDLs in Indonesia will be officially developed by MOEF after thegovernmental regulation is approved by the Government of Indonesia.
• Outcomes and inputs from the WEPA Action Program will be considered a basis, significantly contributing to theestablished Guidelines for the Implementation of TMDLs in Indonesia.
• Practical experience, knowhow shared by other WEPA Countries at the 15th WEPA Annual Meeting andInternational Workshop will be utilized as important reference sources for developing the Guidelines.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: WE WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS OUR SINCERELY THANKS TO THE MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF JAPAN FOR THEGENEROUS FINANCIAL SUPPORTS AND TO WEPA SECRETARIAT FOR TECHNICAL ADVICE DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OFWEPA ACTION PROGRAM IN INDONESIA