The 14th WEPA Annual Meetingand International Workshop

22th Feb. 2019

Application of AOSD System as Energy Savingand Advanced Wastewater Treatment
Technology to Vietnam and Spread to Asia
【省エネと高度処理技術としてAOSDシステムのベトナム汚水処理場への応用とアジアへの展開】
Yuhei INAMORI*, Ryuhei INAMORI* and Kai-Qin XU**
*Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Japan** National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japany_inamori@fais.or.jp inamori514@gmail.com*国際科学振興財団 NPO法人バイオエコ技術研究所 稲森悠平、稲森隆平** 国立環境研究所 資源循環廃棄物研究センター 徐 開欽

1

Importance of conservation and recovery ofwater environment in the world
Lake Kasumigaura,
Japan
Tahihu Lake, China

Dianchi, China

Lake Biwa,
Japan

Urgency of the energy saving and theadvanced removal of nutrient salts against
eutrophication and global warming
ベトナムの環境は経済成長で汚染が加速
環境再生保全が必須：
富栄養化対策・省エネ対策

Rivers and lakes,
Vietnam2

Present Water Environment andGlobal Warming Issues
Domestic
waste
water

Industrial
waste
water

Point source点源負荷

Water environment
pollution has been
accelerated by the point
and nonpoint sources,
Farm
wastewater and the global warming .
In the closed waterNonpoint bodies,source面源負荷 growth abnormalof blue-green
algae has become big
environment issues.

Closed water bodies閉鎖性水域

Abnormal growth of blue-green algae
湖沼におけるアオコ藍藻類の異常増殖

34CH4 and N2O control in anthropogenic activities

GHGs Emission Control
CH4

CO2

GHGs N2O

Global warming is caused by the release into theenvironment of excess greenhouse gases (GHGs) attributable to theincreasing of human activities.
Handling CH4 and N2O is extremely important with respect
to prevention of global warming. Sources of CH4 emissions can bebroadly classified as derived from biological reaction or from fossil
fuels, with CH4 emissions derived from biological reaction
accounting for a large ratio.
Meanwhile, sources of N2O emissions can largely be
categorized as derived from biological reaction, biomass burningand industry.
In many countries, there is a range of surveys andresearches ongoing to control CH4 and N2O, to be able to prevent5
increased concentrations in the atmosphere.

Importance of countermeasures on conservation
and recovery of the environment based on theinternational agreement on CO2 reduction at the
COP21, Paris, France, December 2015

Mr. Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio,
United Nations peace ambassador.
6

When the new technologies are renovated,
we should apply them…
7Thank you very much for the politicalleaders in the world8

Watershed Control Measures
Point Pollution Sources

Sewage System, Johkasou
Livestock / Fishery ( Effluent Control &Structure / Specification Regulation )Non-point Pollution Sources
Farms, Cities, Nature(Proper Fertilization, Rainwater
Seepage.)

Inflow from Outside
Pollution Loads from
Point （点源）Sources

Pollution Loads from
Non-point（面源） Sources

Lakes and Sea Basin<Inside Lakes>
Internally produced pollution loads( 1 mg of Algae 藻類アオコ= COD 0.5 mg )Accumulated pollution load
Dredging, aeration, water conveyance
conservation/reclamation of Lake Basins

Water
Quality
Preservation
Water Use
Problems
Lake Reclamation
SafetyNatural factors
Social factors* Point Pollution Sources, Non-point Pollution Sources 9

Asian research stations of environment
conservation , recovery of lakes intropic/subtropical/temperate/boreal areas
Erhai lake
アルハイ湖

Xuanwu
玄武湖
lake

モンゴル

China
●
中華人民共和国
アフガニスタン

●●

Lake
八堂湖

Paldang

Most
designated
我が国のほとんどlakes
in Japan
の指定湖沼

日本

ネパール

パキスタン

ブータン

●

太 湖
Lake Taihu

●
●

インド

紅楓湖，百花湖

Lake Quwan-phayao ●
クワン・ファヤオ湖

ベトナム
ラオス

ミャンマー

タイ

●

Lake Bun・Borapet
ブン・ボラペット湖

●

●

ベトナム

Hongfeng lake,
デンチ湖
滇
池lake
Baihuaカンボジア●

Some lakes
in Vietnam

フィリピン

バン・プラ湖Lake
Ban-pula●

インドネシアラグナ湖 lake
LagunaEffects of Nitrogen/Phosphorous onenvironment, Eco-balance and Health• Health Hazards(健康障害）– Nitrogen: Metohemoglobinemia– Phosphorous: Osteoporosis, Ureteralstone– Cyanobacteria: Metabolic productionof toxic cyanobacteria,60 times more toxic
than potassium cyanide* Deaths of livestock and humans overseas• Agricultural Damage（有毒藻）– Nitrogen: Succulent growth(growth of only stems or stalks)• Outbreak of （アオコ・赤潮）

Toxic cyanobacteria(Genus: Microcystis)

Cyanobacteria/Red Tides– Damage to fisheries: Death ofmarine animals– Damage to sightseeing areas:

Offensive odors, closure of bathing areas– Problems for water utilization:
Increase in processing costs due tofiltration problems at water purification
plants or offensive odors from municipal
water.

Cyanobacteria (Lake Biwa)11

Change of Lake : from clean to super eutrophication
湖の変貌：山紫水明から超富栄養化

Status of blue green algae
occurred in Dianchi lake
(July, 2007)
12

A

B
A

JOHKASOU AREA

B SEWERAGE AREA

Advanced wastewater treatment JOHKASOU
that removes N / P and controls of GHGs

Small size compact
combined wastewater
treatment system

Middle size compact
combined wastewater
treatment system
14

Combining Eutrophication/Global WarmingCountermeasures in Advanced Distributed
Treatment Systems
Stabilizing phosphorus removal performance
Response to water temperature,quantity and influx load
- Inhibition by hydroxide ions in influx water- Optimize current value for load fluctuation

BOD 200 mg・ l-1
T-N 50 mg・ l-1
T-P
5 mg・ l-1

Phosphorus Removal System
循環
Circulation
Circula-[Issue]GHG production
control- Nitrous oxide
production control

tion[Issue]GHG production
control- Methane gas
production control

CH4

CO2

Control methane gas
production by efficientanaerobic reaction conditions
adjusted to load conditions

Nitrification
reaction tank
Nitrogen removal
reaction tankPrinciples of
N2O Production

BOD 10 mg ・ l-1
T-N 10 mg ・ l-1
T-P
1 mg ・ l-1

NH4+

Nitrification reaction(aerobic conditions)
NH2OH

NO2-

NO3-

N2O
Control nitrous oxide
production by running
efficient denitrification
reaction processes

N2

NO

NO2-

NO3-

Denitrification reaction(facultative conditions)

15

16

Basic units of the ratios between
black water（屎尿） & gray water（雑排水)Standards of BOD/T-N/T-P are 200, 45, 5mg/l
Volume of water

BOD

50
150

13
27

T-P

T-N
2.0
0.4

0.6

8.0

BOD 40 g/person/day
T-P 1 g/person/day
T-N 10 g/person/day
200 L/person/day

Black water

Gray water【about 80% of N and 60% of P are from black water】
17

Dissemination Project of AOSD Control System as the Advanced andCost-Saving Wastewater Treatment Technology for Restoration in Vietnam
Implementing agency

SiteFoundation for Advancement ofInternational Science
ALS Co., Ltd
Nihon Suido Consultants Co., Ltd.
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Abstract

Contribution to the reclamation of water environment
spreading the microbial control system for organic wastewater treatment(Domestic, Industrial) with high advanced and saving-energy simultaneously.

Introduced technology AOSD （Automatic Oxygen Supply Device）
Optimized control system for biological wastewater treatment by
calculation of required amount of oxygen consumed for removal of organic
pollutant and nitrification reaction using special formula with data,
automatic operation of blower with ON-OFF switching. Food Processing
Factory in Vietnam

AOSD :Original
Artificial IntelligenceprogramDr.INAMORI、Mr.SUEMURA

Background

Master plan for sewerage in
HCMC• Needs of governmental response for waterpollution following rapid economic growth.
• Imposing vast costs of operation andmaintenance for public sewerage.
• Necessary to save the running cost as sameof industrial organic wastewater treatment.
• Aeration cost in biological wastewater
treatment is made up of a majority of total
cost.
• Requirement of the automatic control
system as the advanced and aeration-saving
without empirical knowledge because of theshortage of veteran engineers in Vietnam.

Detector

calculates optimum
DO Sensor
ON-OFF time for
aeration in a moment
PC
Control
Sensorusing gained datapanel
and controls blower
With and without
automatically. KLa *Simultaneous achievement ofSubmergible Mixer
is set easily and lowelevation of stability and saving
Blowerloading for blower.
Activated Sludge tank electricity cost under the fluctuationof wastewater quality, which can not
KLa : Overall Volumetric Oxygen Transfer Coefficient
be controlled artificially.
Cooperation with Sakura Eco Tech ＆ NG Engineering
Expected outcome

•
•
•
•

Low loading of BOD,N,P which accomplish water environment restoration
High stability to treat fluctuated wastewater by AOSD automatic operation
Saving electricity cost by innovative optimized provision of required oxygen
GHG reduction by saving electricity and optimized operation of the facility

Business model① Upgrade of existing WWTP
② Rental with saving initial investment③ Newly-built WWTP with the technology

Business growth with bestbalance combination of threebusiness models for Asia:
China, India and Japan
18

19

20

Advanced AOSD Sewage Treatment System

Organic wastewater consists of human wastes andmiscellaneous wastewater and has a typical BOD, T-N,
and T-P level of 200, 50, and 5mg/L, respectively.
Daily and yearly changes in the amount of drainage
should be considered.
Aeration time is controlled in theactivated sludgeマイクロバブル
method depending on
microorganisms’ oxygen consumption.
Automatic Oxygen Supply
Beautifulwater
Device(AOSD) Installation
AOSD is an innovative system for a low-carbon society creation.
It is capable of conducting advanced treatment on sewage
21
with a lower power consumption.

Applications of the AOSD Technology◎ Sewage treatment system for which reduction of
power consumption is necessary. ◎ Sewage treatment
equipment that cannot remove nitrogen and phosphorus
beyond the limited level because it can be attached laterto equipment that conducts intermittent aeration.
◎ Equipment for which the operator wants to reusepurified water. ◎ Sewage treatment with highconcentration in the effluent or large load fluctuations(domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, brewing
industry, expressways, restaurant industry, etc.)

Ripple Effects of the Technology
BOD10 mg・L－１ or under COD 15 mg・L－１ or underT-N 10 mg・L－１ or under SS 10 mg・L －１or under
T-P 1 mg・L－１ or under（Additional Coagulant Unit)

22

Energy-saving automatic oxygen supply
System Developed by INMORI et al.
AOSD(Automatic Oxygen Supply Device )system
An aerobic-aeration blower usually needs its operation of 24hours . The application of this equipment will serve to improvewater quality, reduce electricity cost by constantly sending to
CPU information signals regarding temperature and dissolved
oxygen to work out the denitrification velocity and the proper
aeration hours and the system downtime .

The time length for aeration depends on the load of inflowing
organic substances . Automatic controls of aeration enableadvanced sewage disposal, by maintaining pH7 for proper
biotreatment, depending on pH decrease by nitrification or pH
increase by denitrification

23

DO Pattern change in AOSD System of
Blower Air Control◎ Introduction Technology：
AOSD （自動酸素供給装置；Automatic Oxygen Supply Device）System

Dissolved Oxygen

From slope of DO increase and decrease, oxygen supply coefficient value
has been determined with high accuracy automatically under the base of
nitrification/denitrification/water temperature in PLC
BlowerBlowerBlower

1- 2hr

/1CycleBlower

1- 2hr

/1Cycle

硝化・脱窒
速度・水温
をパラメー
タとし
DO情報か
らPLCで瞬
時に必要
酸素量を
計算し
最適空気
量制御を
可能とする。

Time
24

Component of Equipment in AOSD System
LDO Sensor (蛍光式DO計)

Blower

Installation in Reactor

DO・Water TemperatureContinuous Ｍonitoring
PLC

Supply of Theoretical Oxygen

Blower:ON/OFFcontorol
25

LDO controller

PC

制御状態
25
Ｍonitoring

AOSD control (with automatic control
system for oxygen supply）and indoor
activated sludge system

26

Red
LED

Luminescent
Bord

Blue
LED

Low DO Reflected Light Strengthen Strong
High DO Reflected Light Strengthen WeakLDO fluorescent electrodes（光学式・蛍光式溶存酸素計）

for dissolved oxygen control

27

AOSD system/System screen

28

AOSD control (with automatic
control system for oxygen supply)in activated sludge system

29

Estimation in Binh Hung Sewage
Treatment Plant（連続HRT3hr活性汚泥法）（Ho Chi Minh City） 140,000 m3/Day
ビンフン
ホーチミン

Ho Chi Minh市
Binh Chanh区
30
30

Estimation in Thu Dau Mot Sewage
Treatment Plant（修正回分式活性汚泥法）（Binh Duong）17,000 m3/Day

トゥーザウモット

ビンズン

ビンズン省
トゥー ザウ モット市
Thu Dau Mot :BinhDuong

SaigonRiver

From Ho
Chi Minh
city 20km
31
31

Thu Dau Mot Sewage Treatment Plant （Binh Duong）
Plane
Figure
平面図

③

④

① 原水

②

流入

Continuous
Influent
OUT排出④

Sedime AIR 曝気
ntation沈殿③

Mixing撹拌

IN流入
原水
① 流入

Influent

0.5m

撹拌

沈殿
曝気

②

Cross
Section
断面図

Aearation120Min.Mixing48Min. Sedimentation/OUT 120Min. =288Min.
32（4.8hr） 5Cycle/Day : Original Operation Method

Average integrated value of each nitrogen form

NO2-N
NO3-N

NH4-N

AOSD system improves nitrificationdenitrification high speed reaction
for N removal:
AOSDシステムは硝化脱窒能が効率的に起こり窒素除去能が極めて大33

Reduction effect of phosphorus load by AOSD
Biological Phosphorus Removal(生物脱リン）
Occurred Effectively in AOSD System

34

Maximum Power Consumption
Reduction is about 40-70%* Japanese Yen

Blower capacity Power consumption Ordinary use fee Yen/year
2.2 KW

2.2 KW  24 hr  30 days  12 months  10 yen/KW¥190,080

3.7 KW

3.7 KW  24 hr  30 days  12 months  10 yen/KW¥319,680

5.5 KW

5.5 KW  24 hr  30 days  12 months  10 yen/KW¥475,200

7.5 KW

7.5 KW  24 hr  30 days  12 months  10 yen/KW¥648,000

11 KW

11 KW  24 hr  30 days  12 months  10 yen/KW¥950,400

15 KW

15 KW  24 hr  30 days  12 months  10 yen/KW¥1,296,000

AOSD System high performance for Electric power
reduction, about 30% in conventional anoxic-oxicic
process, More than 60% in conventional oxic process.
AOSDシステムは通常の嫌気好気硝化脱窒システムに比べて約30％、通常の標準活性汚泥法に比べて60％以上の電力削減が可能となる。35

豪雨による原水の急激な変化に対する最適制御（ビンフン）
The average water temperature
Heavy rain in Ho Chi Minhis 30 ℃, but after heavy rain, it
fall to 27.9 ℃. Dilution of inflow wastewater is occurred .
Yellow: Water temperatureLight-blue: Amount of air

水温

空気量

Reduction in aeration time bymost suitable control the AOSD

Red :DO value
Purple: Blower On – Off

溶存酸素濃度

曝気ON-OFF

大雨による下水希釈下では曝気時間が大幅短縮され省エネ効果絶大

Proper aeration volume control under the condition of
the large change of load concentration and volume ofwastewater with the sudden heavy rain.
36

Influent(BOD/COD/N/P)

AutomaticO2 supply
deviceLastsedimentationtank
EffluentFirst
sedimentation
tank
PLC

PC

BlowerBlowerEasy setting of
Kla / Little
loading on the Without
blowerstirrer

BlowerReturn sludge

DO

Optical DO sensor

Bioreactor
AOSD system（Advanced removal of N&P）
Excess sludge

Cycle (1-2h)

DO behavior of
the AOSD system

Decrease①Improvement of sludge settlement and water purification by Nitrification（ｐH down） and denitrification（ｐH up）、②Improvment of N&P removal andenergy saving, ③Control of GHGs such as N2O by effective bioreaction
Bacteria：Nitrifier

Nitrosomonas Nitrobacter sp.
Denitrification/BOD bacteria
Psudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp.

Protozoan：Ciliates
Vorticella sp. Amoeba
Arcella sp. Flagellate
Peranema sp.

Metazoan：Rotifers
Philodina sp. Oligochaetes
Aeolosoma sp. Dero 37
sp.

Effectiveness of AOSD system◎ AOSD (Automatic Oxygen Supply Device) system is thelatest environment newly renovation system which supplies only
the necessary quantity of oxygen of the microorganism in theadvanced sewage treatment under the electric power reduction.
◎ It also contributes to COP21 including a basin of lakes andmarshes. In the sewage treatment process, optimal oxygenamounts required for organic matter removal, nitrogen removal
by nitrification-denitrification etc. are controlled by using someparameters such as water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO)and so on, efficiency of blowers and stirrers can be operated via
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) automatically.
◎ As the Model Project of Asia Water Environment Improvementby Ministry of the Environment of Japan, "Vietnam's wastewater
treatment and cost saving dissemination project" was carried out.
◎ By this project advanced BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus
removals have been accomplished and verified with more than
50% electric power reduction with AOSD system, simultaneously.
38Creatures contributed to improving
water environment
生物処理は食う食われる（捕食被食）関係からなり適正な有用生物の食物連鎖構造が重要である。

Birds
Predation
Fish

Predation

Protpzoan, metazoan
Insects, snails

Predation

Algae and bacteria(decomposition of organic matters,
Intake of nitrogen and phosphorus)

Food-chain and water purification in natural and39
artificial ecosystem

Method/analysis of advanced function and electric power
reduction in a AOSD control sewage-treatment plant・Demonstration facilities:
1) Binh Hung Wastewater Treatment Plant, 2) Thu Dau Mot Wastewater
Treatment Plant, 3) Wastewater Treatment facility at industrial park, 4)
Wastewater Treatment facility for food processing factory
・A sampling point: Influent, Effluent
・ Water survey analysis evaluation: The water temperature andDO (continuous monitoring) are pH and transparency by cylinder test.
SS, BOD5 , CODCr , NH4-N , NO3-N , NO2-N T-N and PO4-P T-P (about
once a week)
・Micro-animals/Sludge analysis evaluation: SV30, MLSS (about
once a week) and micro-animals analysis evaluation (about once a month)

Metazoa

Protpzoa

・Operation control investigation analysis evaluation:
The amount of electric power (Calculate by continuous monitoring of
blower operation)/Blower on-off operating characteristic. Sludge
production/Change and processing characteristic evaluation of theinfluent and effluent concentration.

40

Micro-animals in reactors

Normal Amoeba

Abnormal Amoeba

Anaerobic Type Protozoa
Anaerobic Type
Filamentous Bacteia

41Micro-animals in Reactor

Rotifera Cepalodella Rotifera Lecane
Rotifera Monostylla
Rotifera Philodina

Cilliate Movement of Philodina

Egg of Rotefera

42Micro-animals in Reactors

Protozoa Epistylis Protozoa Sarcodina Protozoa Coleps
Protozoa Euplotes

Micro metazoa
Aeolosma

Micro metazoa
Dero

43

Paradigm Shift for Low Carbon Society

Advanced Save Energy
Johkasou System

Natural Energy

Oil・CoalWind Power
Solar Power
Utilization

再生可能エネルギーおよびAOSD電力削減システムの導入：パラダイムシフト

Leap Frog

Fossil Fuel

44

Membrane unit installed in Advanced
Wastewater Treatment System:
Important of Clean Water Recirculation
AOSDシステム­膜分離活性汚泥法に於ける膜洗浄曝気エネル
ギー活用で７０％電量削減可能

Submerged
membrane®
setMembrane
Filter plate
It's possible to reduce 70% electric amounts
by Membrane washing aeration energy
Treated water
utilization in a AOSD system-Membrane Upflow stream Membrane
separate activated-sludge process .
45

AOSD-Membrane System for Wastewater Recycle

Membrane Compact Recycle Type Treatment System(1,000m3/day, install surface area 300m2)
46

Membrane Type High
Concentration ActivatedSludgeMembrane Type High
Transparency Effluent which
can be recycling

AOSD-Membrane System for Wastewater Recycle

Membrane Compact Recycle Type System
in DALIAN(1,000m3/day, install surface area 300m2)

47

Education on AOSD System Introduction48

Instruction on AOSD System using LDO: Face to Face49

Outcome and Prospective on AOSD System
Based on the results of this study, following conclusions weredrawn:◎AOSD system was proved to be an energy saving technology.
◎AOSD system can be used to restore the accelerated pollution
environment areas not only in developing countries like Vietnam
but also in Japan such as Lake Kasumigaura catchments.
◎ We strongly suggest to promote the business model for
installation of AOSD system and the spread to necessary
regions.
◎ It is necessary for government to shift the enforcement
policy for conventional wastewater treatment system toadvanced affordable type (high treatment performance andenergy saving) system for wastewater treatment and global
warming measures.
AOSDシステムは電力削減５０％以上の省エネ可能なCOP21に資する高度処理法で、アジア地域への展開による環境再生保全が可能な独創的な汎用的な技法である。
50

Regeneration of Environmental Protection by
Introducing Bio-Eco System-An outline of energy-saving

low-carbon revitalization and internationalization
Loading countermeasure of living -industrial point
source & plane source and comprehensive evaluation

Wind electricity
Countermeasures toSolar electricity livestock drainage

Countermeasures
to sewage

Cycle

Countermeasures ofloading plane sources to
paddies and fields

Aquatic
conservation andrecovery policy

Energy recovery modelＣＨ４ fermentation,
Aerobic microbe composting
methodDephosphorization

Preventing global
warming and low–carbon policy

Countermeasures toindustrial drainage

Nitrification Deniitrification
anaer aero
obic bic

Highly-developed
effluent treatment
facility
Watershed recharge・Natural energy

Watershedconservation andrecovery policy

Watershed cleanup Energy
recyclable resource
Sophisticated water treatment method，Hydrothermal treatment and Cleanup method
circulation policy
Minimum Energy & Minimum Maintenance•Developing countries
technology transfer trainee,•Collaboration among theministries & international
collaborative research•Environmental education &environmental protection
enlightenment

Bioecosystem introduced preventing
eutrophication aquaticconservation andrecovery

Bioecosystemintroduced recycling
energy & breaking
with warming

High-tech introduction
Domestic andinternational
distributed local
revitalization/
reconstruction 51

International Spreading on Advanced
Energy Saving AOSD System using
Results of Vietnam Project (ETV)

Speed up Spreading of Advanced Energy Saving AOSD
System using ETV（Environmental Technology
Verification）: Certification of international Estimation.
Under Cooperation with the Friendly Relationship ofVietnam Counterpart Government, Company and so on.
Investment can be recovered in short time: Efficient System.
Ministry of Environment Electric reduction and advanced treatmentusing AOSD(Automatic Oxygen Supply
JAPAN
Device）System

AOSD―YRINAS2018

Foundation for Advancement ofInternational Science :Bio-Eco Technology
Development Research Center, NPO: BioECO Technology Research Center,
Cooperation: ALS Co.Ltd, SAKURA ECOTECH Co. Ltd, Rtec Co.Ltd and so on.

52

Korean prime minister gave anaward to Dr. Yuhei INAMORI.

53

福 島 民 報

Professor Yuhei INAMORI
awarded a Prize from CHINA
GOVERNMENT

54

Lecture on the AOSD
systemAeration tank with
the AOSD system

FriendshipAt the sewage
plant with the
AOSD system

Explanation of the AOSD system to the officials

Check of the LDO sensor
55

Agreement on AOSD system enhancement
in sewage treatment plant, Vietnam
between Vietnam side an Japan side56

Sustainable Development
Technological Assistance
Asian and
Pacific
Countries
and Other
World

JAPAN
VietnamFeedback of Technical Development
Importance of technological assistance andfeedback of technical development forestablishment of eco-sound water environment.

57