TSGW - Tsukuba Global Science Week

Superconducting
Kinetic Inductance Detectorsfor (millimetre) Astrophysics
Institut Néel Grenoble – CNRS - France
LPSC Grenoble – CNRS - France
IPAG Grenoble – CNRS - France
IRAM – CNRS, Max-Planck Institut & Spain

Tsukuba - 11/09/2021

List of the made-in-Grenoble
KID-based instruments
1) NIKA0, 1st KID camera seeing astronomical light 2009 – 2010(30 pixels, single band, 150GHz)
2) NIKA1 (30-meters IRAM telescope Spain)(300 pixels, dual-band, 150GHz and 250GHz)

2011 – 2015

3) NIKA2 (30-meters IRAM telescope Spain)2015 –(3000 pixels, dual-band 150-250GHz + polarisation)4) KISS (2.5-meters QUIJOTE telescope Canaries) 2018 – 2021
(600 pixels × 50 spectral bins 🡪 eq. to 30 kpixels)
5) CONCERTO (12-meters APEX telescope Chile) 2021 –(4000 pixels x 100 spectral bins 🡪 eq. to 0.4 Mpixels)
PATHFINDERSOBSERVING AND AVAILABLE TO THE COMMUNITY

OR
DE-COMMISSIONED

Galaxies clusters:
the Sunayev-Zeldovich effect

Spectral deformation of the CMB→ A NEGATIVE signal at 150GHz→ A NULL signal at 220GHz→ A POSITIVE signal at >250GHz
Important tool to study the largest
g-bound structures in the Universe
e.g. 85% DM, 12% IGM, 3% galaxies
Credit: Juan Macias-Perez

NIKA: the international pathfinder
for mm-wave KID (2010 - 2015 )
30-m IRAM
Telescope
Néel IRAM KID Arrays

NIKA

Tbase = 90mK
120 - 300 GHz

around 300 pixels

NIKA galaxies clusters sample
Taken from:
J. Macias-Perez,Proceedings of the«mmUniverse@NIKA2»
Conference (2019)

NIKA mapped
for the first time
the kinetic SZ effect !
And produced manyother results

Plus technology
demonstrator for NIKA2

NIKA polarization

Taken from:A. Ritacco,
Proceedings of the«mmUniverse@NIKA2»
Conference (2019)

Orion star forming region OMC-1.
The closest site of OB (hot, massive) star formation.

The NIKA2 installation (2015)

60 meters ofpipes

The cryostat in the receivers
cabin

The dilution gas handling in the basement

NIKA2 figures:

The 40 COAX cables- 3000 pixels over 3 arrays- 1.2 tons; 2.5 m long; 3000 pieces- Two Pulse Tubes- Fully remote control- Completely cryogen free
- Base T ≈ 100 mK

NIKA2 detectors
100mmCompared to NIKA1 wehave further simplifiedour already « fast » (butefficient !) KID technology
Front-illuminated,microstrip coupled,
pixels 2(2.8)×2(2.8)mm²
ADVANTAGES: single mode, easy packaging, robust, no penalties
for sensitivity for selected applications (e.g. NIKA2, CONCERTO)
The NIKA2 team, Astronomy & Astrophysics 609, A115 (2018)

NIKA2: clusters and deep fields

NIKA2: galactic science

A new population (hundreds) of cold massive
sources discovered. This sample of previously
undetected sources opens up a brand new window
on the characterisation of the earliest stages of starformation.

Taken from:
N. Peretto,
Proceedings of the«mmUniverse@NIKA2»
Conference (2019)

Rigby et al., MNRAS 502-3, 4576 (2021)

NIKA2: a mapping machine
Left: a high-z (z ≈ 1)
cluster of galaxies
NIKA2 has mapped or
is mapping at highresolution:- tens of clusters;- galactic regions;- tens of nearby
galaxies;- star-forming
filaments;- and much more ..

19/02/2020

Paris

The proceedings of the“mm Universe @NIKA2"
conferences are on-line:
www.epj-conferences.org

Observing at 90GHz:
Ti-Al multilayers KID in lab

Normalized Absorption

Low-pass optical filter

Ti-AlAlTc= 0.9K

Tc= 1.4K

A. Catalano et al., Astronomy & Astrophysics 592, A26 (2016)

Multilayers KID developments
Ti-Al
TC ≈ 0.9 K

45-m telescope(90 GHz)(complementing30-m@IRAM)

See Nagai-san presentation earlier today for the baseline solution (antennas).
We propose a backup, i.e. using for the first time a Ti-Al 90 GHz LEKID camera
on a telescope. Efficient collaboration on-going. Thanks !

Spectral imaging options
BETTER FORCOMPACTSOURCES
AND
R=100 ÷ 1000

BETTER FOR
LARGE
PATCHESOF THE SKYAND
R = 10 ÷ 100

Pathfinder: KISS on QUIJOTE
Telescope: 2.5 m
Fied-of-view: 1 deg
Pixel on Sky: 3 arc-min
Band: 120 ÷ 180 GHz
Readout rate: 4kHzPixels: 632
Spectral resolution: 20 ÷ 50
Equivalent to 12 ÷ 30 kpix

KISS was mounted on QUIJOTE at Teide
Observatory between 11/2018 and 08/2021

19/02/2020

APEX 12-meters sub-mm telescope

Cerro Chajnantor

Observing up to THz. Unique tool for mapping ! Field-of-view 20 arc-min !

CONCERTO at APEX-Atacama

The CONCERTO cryostat:
last week cold ! (old slide)

The CONCERTOCryostat and thevisit of the 2018
Nobel PrizeGérard Mourou

19/02/2020

ParisCONCERTO: installed in 2021 !!!

DEFYING THE PANDEMIC IN EU AND SOUTH AMERICACONCERTO: some technology in itCONCERTO: now observing !!

Left: The two CONCERTO focal planes geometries
Around 90% of the 4,300 pixels exhibit a beam !
https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann21010/

Thanks !
A bunch of us (a few years/kg ago) at the telescope ….

Martino Calvo, Andrea Catalano, Alessandro Monfardini, Juan Macias-Perez, Nicolas Ponthieu… many others missing