DIPLOMACY
Vol.78, Mar./ Apr. 2023

Contents of Features

78

Turkey-Syria earthquake 2023: Why did the damage escalate?

84

Israel's foreign policy at a standstill with the formation of the most right-wing government

90

The background of an agreement between Saudi Arabia and Iran to restore ties

94

Latin American left governments on the rise: Diverse movements of post-neoliberalism

100

Chancellor Scholz: Anguish over the provision of Leopard 2 tanks

The earthquake damage was extensive and rescue operations were stalled. What is happening in Syria? Did Turkey's
seismic code work? What is the impact on Erdoğan's government, which faces the general election in May?
Koji Miki (Mainichi Shimbun)

A far-right party has joined Netanyahu's coalition government. The new Israeli government's hard line on Palestine iscausing concerns in the US and Arab countries.
Toshiya Tsujita (Kansai Gaidai University)

Based on the perceived threat to Iran, There are various external circumstances behind Saudi Arabia's decision. China, as a
broker, should be tested.
Shigeto Kondo (JIME, IIE)
There has been a wave of left-wing governments established in South America. An analysis of the diverse socio-economic
context shows that this is the response of post-neoliberal societies.
Yusuke Murakami (Kyoto University)
Chancellor Scholz decided to provide Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine. This issue will also affect the transfer of Japanese
defence equipment overseas.
Yoshihiko Ito (Takushoku University)

FOCUS ◎The End of the Cold War: 30 years of crises and contradictions
106

The ‘‘thirty years’ crisis’’: Transition of the international order116

Overconfidence and apathy in US diplomacy after the Cold War124

German foreign policy: The end of the 'post-Cold War' era?

134

'Post-Cold War' Chinese threat perceptions

142

Japan in the 'lost 30 years': Searching for a free and open international order

The liberal international order, which was expected to spread after the end of the Cold War, did not penetrate. The Westfailed to share values such as democracy with China and Russia. This article traces this process.
Yuichi Hosoya (Keio University)
In the 1990s the US was involved in the democratisation of Eastern Europe and was dubbed the 'Empire of Liberty'.
However, the war on terror subsequently weakened the country and it was unable to effectively confront a rising China andRussia.
Naoyuki Shimamura (Kyorin University)
Germany's 'post-Cold War' worldview of overcoming its Nazi past, being part of the West and a policy of accommodation
towards the East was broken by the invasion of Ukraine. What are the prospects for German diplomacy in the future?
Takumi Itabashi (The University of Tokyo)
Xi Jinping aims for a police state to deal with 'threats'. Western countries must take into account the grievances of
non-Western countries.
Chisako Masuo (Kyushu University)
Once the second largest economy in the world, Japan experienced a 'lost 30 years' after the Gulf War. Japan has continued
to search for a self-image. Can it defend the 'free and open international order' in the future?
Wataru Yamaguchi (Teikyo University)

Special Feature:

G7 Hiroshima Summit
in a testing time
68Message from the Prime Minister

G7 Hiroshima Summit: Defending the international order based on the "rule of law''
Fumio Kishida, Prime Minister of Japan
Roundtable:

Beyond the unity of the West: Reclaiming and Sharing Value at the G7 Hiroshima Summit

Unity of the West is important, but the G7 Summit is no longer complete with the West alone. What is the message that should be
conveyed from Hiroshima?
Nobukatsu Kanehara (Doshisha University), Mikio Sugeno (NIKKEI), Masayuki Tadokoro (International University of Japan)

22

It is time to show solidarity between Ukraine and the G7

26

Deepening the Indo-Pacific strategy and EU-Japan cooperation from a European perspective

32

How to think about nuclear deterrence and nuclear disarmament

38

Global economy in reverse: Global economic challenges and the G7

44

The turbulent international energy situation and the challenges of the G7 Summit

50

India: The development of diplomacy vis-à-vis the Global South56

Global Governance and the G7 on food issues: Perspectives from the Middle East and Africa

62

Diplomatic shift to the Indo-Pacific: Deepening Japan-Canada relations at G766

Evolution of Japan-Canada relations into a 'new chapter': Developing geopolitical strategy

Sergiy Korsunsky (Ambassador of Ukraine to Japan)

Toward like-minded countries that will share responsibility for the international order: Japan-Europe relations are undergoing a majorchange in character. This article considers the meaning of this change from a European perspective.
Eva Pejsova（the Brussels School of Governance）
Nuclear disarmament and nuclear deterrence became issues following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Now is the time to work
towards a world without the need for nuclear weapons and nuclear deterrence.
Michiru Nishida (Nagasaki University)
The economies of developed countries are holding up after the invasion of Ukraine. Meanwhile, the global economy is transforming
into a bloc economy. Is it possible to rebuild an ‘open international order’?
Sayuri Ito (NLI Research Institute)
The invasion of Ukraine has shaken global energy security. How will the G7 tackle many difficult issues, such as Net Zero andbreaking away from dependence on Russia?
Ken Koyama (The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan)
Indian diplomacy is based on the concept of the Global South. How can Japan and India (and furthermore the G7 and G20) work
together?
Kazutoshi Tamari (Chukyo University)
Climate change, political instability and Russia's blockade of the Black Sea have raised concerns about food shortages in the Middle
East and Africa. What are the responsibilities of the G7 and of Japan?
Yuko Ido (The Japan Institute of International Affairs)
Ian McKay (Ambassador of Canada to Japan)

Kanji Yamanouchi (Ambassador of Japan to Canada)

Trend 2023
72

China: How to deal with advancing centralization

The leadership of Xi Jinping has set forth economic development, national security and social stability policies. The authority of Xi isto be further enhanced.
Tomoki Kamo（Keio University）