Port and Harbor Facility Damage Diagnosis System(Jointly developed by the Chubu Regional Bureau, NEWJEC, and the Coastal Development Institute of Technology)

Shimizu Port

Yokkaichi Port

平成３１年 ２月２０日

Mikawa PortKinuura Port

Tagonoura Port

Port of Nagoya

Omaezaki Port1

Background of system development

国土交通省中部地方整備局
名古屋港湾空港技術調査事務所〇 The probability of a massive (M8–M9) Nankai Trough earthquake occurring in the next 30 years is 70%–80%〇 The major ports and harbors of the Chubu region are highly likely to experience shaking of at least seismic

intensity 6 in the next 30 years〇 During disasters, ports and harbors serve as centers for receiving emergency supplies and reconstruction activities〇 Immediately after earthquakes occur, it is extremely important to know if moorings are fit or unfit to remain inservice
Port and harbor
functionsmaintained above
the allowable limit
even in theimmediate
aftermath of adisaster

BeforeAfter (initial response, business continuity measures)
RecoveryRecovery curve under port and harbor BCP

Recovery curve withno measures taken

Major ports and harbors in the Chubu region

Probabilistic ground motion projection map: Probability of experiencing shaking of atleast seismic intensity 6 Lower in the next 30 years
Source: Zenkoku jishindo yosoku chizu (Nationwide ground motion projectionmap), Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion, 2017

Some port andharbor functions
recovered within
the allowable time

Allowable limit

Allowable timetime

Conceptual diagram of swift recovery (port and harbor BCP)
of port and harbor functions

Receiving emergency supplies and fuel after the Great East Japan Earthquake

Source: Earthquake Memorial Museum, Tohoku Regional Bureau2３challenges when checking damage to facilities during disasters
Challenge 1: The inability to ascertain damage because field surveys cannot be conducted while tsunami alerts are in effect
Challenge 2: The difficulty of visually ascertaining damage to the underground portions of mooring wharves & sheet pile-type moorings
Challenge 3: The immense amount of time and human effort required to survey damage to port and harbor facilities
Earthquake

Tsunami alert/advisory in effect(field surveys could not be conducted)

Field surveys
conducted

Initial response system established/on standby

March 11,
14:46

(Roughly 2 days）

Marine transport
resumedTsunami alert/advisory lifted(field surveys could be conducted)

March 13,
17:58

Facilities judged
to be fit/unfit toremain in service(Roughly 3 days）

Transport ofemergency supplies

March 16

Timeline from the Great East Japan Earthquake to the resumption of marine transport

Example of damage to a mooring wharf after the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake(The wharf appeared to be sound, but the steel sheet piles had buckled)3

Overview of the Port & Harbor Facility Damage国土交通省中部地方整備局
Diagnosis System
名古屋港湾空港技術調査事務所
Port and Airport Research Institute
System for Immediate Transmission of Ground Motion Data
Servers for strong
earthquake observation datafrom ports and harbors(1)Transmit
ground motion
data(2) Sends earthquake
data emails(3) Accesses servers(4) Interprets
ground motion
data

Chubu Regional Bureau
Strong motion
seismographs(at each port)

The system automaticallyprocesses data when anearthquake strikes, andcontinues until the damage isestimated

First inJapan!

Port and Harbor Facility Damage Diagnosis System(5) Makes simple judgments(diagnoses damage according to evaluation
curves)(7) Creates damage
estimation maps(6) Makes detailed judgments(diagnoses damage according to FLIP)(8) Sends data
Earthquake strikes

Headquarters for DisasterCountermeasures

4

FLIP-based detailed judgment method

国土交通省中部地方整備局
名古屋港湾空港技術調査事務所〇 FLIP provides highly precise damage diagnoses based on comparisons of deformation to port
and harbor facility designs, and is used in the detailed judgments of the Port and Harbor
Facility Damage Diagnosis System〇FLIP analysis requires a lot of time for calculation; therefore, creative solutions are needed toshorten the diagnosis time
*With input of seismic waves of 300 seconds or longer, analysis requires at least 35 hours to complete
Location
Quay crownEmbankmentcrown

Displacement (m)Horizontal

Vertical

Structure scale → 5m

Residual-0.29-0.04

Deformation scale →5m(Structure scale x 1)

Maximum

-0.52

-0.05

Residual-0.71-0.07

Maximum

-0.99

-0.13

Example of FLIP-based earthquake response analysis on a mooring wharf

5Simple diagnosis method based on PSI values 国土交通省中部地方整備局
of speed
名古屋港湾空港技術調査事務所
○○

○

○

Conduct FLIP analysis of ground motion of all intensity levels for each mooring
Create an evaluation curve representing the relationship between PSI value of speed and facility damage
evaluation index
Use the PSI value of speed immediately after the earthquake strikes to develop a method for immediately
estimating facility damage
Eliminate elements beyond expectation, respond to ground motion of all intensity levels as well as consecutively
occurring ground motion*Analysis completed in a matter of minutes, even with input of seismic waves of 300 seconds or longer

残留水平変位（ｍ）

Using ground motion prepared by the NationalInstitute for Land and Infrastructure Management【Ground motion waveforms based on FLIP analysis】
5.0◇50-year ground motion
4.0◇75-year ground motion (Level 1 ground motion)
3.0◇100-year ground motion◇150-year ground motion
2.0◇200-year ground motion
1.0◇500-year ground motion◇Level 2 ground motion, M-6.5 with hypocenter directly
0.00
below a populated area
◇Level 2 ground motion, active fault-type◇Level 2 ground motion, trench-type, etc.

Evaluation curve

50100

150

200250300

PSI value of speed

Example of representing the relationship between PSI value of speed and facility damage
evaluation index (residual horizontal displacement in this case)

6

Types of simple-diagnosis facility damage evaluation indices
Residual horizontal displacement【Gravity-type】◇Residual horizontal displacement◇Residual angle of inclination【Sheet pile-type】◇Residual horizontal displacement◇Maximum curvature ratio(Sheet piles/recessed sheet piles)◇Design load-bearing capacity ratio

Residual angle of inclination

Residual horizontal displacement

Maximum curvatur(recessed sheet pile

Maximum curvatureratio
Design load-bearing
capacity (sheet piles)（Sheet piles: Under berthing force/traction ）【Wharf-type】◇Residual horizontal displacement◇Maximum curvature ratio◇Design load-bearing capacity ratio◇Design load-bearing capacity ratio

Design loadbearing capacity(superstructure)

Residual horizontal
displacement (wharf)

Residual horizontal
displacement (lagging)Maximum
curvature ratio
Design loadbearing capacity(wharf piles)

7Facility damage evaluation index evaluation curve (Ex: mooring wharf)〇 Create evaluation curves for multiple facility damage evaluation indices based on the structure
type of the moorings

Residual horizontal
displacement (wharf)

Residual horizontal
displacement (lagging)Maximum curvature ratio(wharf piles)

Maximum curvature ratio(lagging sheet piles)

Design load-bearing capacity(wharf piles)

Design load-bearing capacity (superstructure)

Examples of evaluation curves for facility damage
evaluation indices for a wharf-type quay

Judge based on various indices whether moorings are
fit or unfit to remain in service8Output of diagnostic results (damage estimation maps)〇 Visualizing diagnostic results in the form of damage estimation maps to prepare for submittal to
診断結果を「被害推定マップ」として図化し、災害対策本部への提出を想定
Headquarters for Disaster Countermeasures

Color-coded judgment results

Fit to remain inservice

Judgment results for each facility

Unfit to remain
in service

9

Exampleof the system in action (Osaka Earthquake, June 18, 2018)
稼働実績の紹介（H30.6.18大阪北部地震）■Process from the earthquake striking to the system engaging to the output of results
June 18
07:58
08:04

Earthquake strikes
Emails containing ground motion data sent out throughthe network for strong earthquake observation at ports
and harbors (Port and Airport Research Institute)
08:09 08:09 System operation begins(13 minutes after the earthquake struck)
08:43 Mapping of simple judgment results completed for all ports(45 minutes after the earthquake struck)
16:27 Mapping of detailed judgment results completed for all ports(8 hours, 29 minutes after the earthquake struck)Ports and harbors for which
ground motion was observed•Yokkaichi Port
•Port of Nagoya•Kinuura Port
•Mikawa Port
•Omaezaki Port*•Shimizu Port**No judgment as to fitness forremaining in service because
the PSI value was 2.0 or lower

Facilities
judged by the system
システムによる
as fit or unfit to remain in
供用可否判定施設
service・四日市港 ８•Yokkaichi Port: 8・名古屋港•Port ofNagoya: 20２０
・衣浦港
６•Kinuura
Port: 6・三河港
３•Mikawa
Port: 3Totals:計37４港湾３７施設
facilities at 4 ports
Earthquake time: 7:58 a.m.
Epicenter: Northern Osaka Prefecture
Magnitude: 6.1

Time from earthquake tocompletion of simple judgments: 45 min.
Completion of detailed judgments: 509 min.

10国土交通省中部地方整備局
Types of simple-diagnosis facility damage evaluation
indices
名古屋港湾空港技術調査事務所

港湾施設被害度診断システムとは・・・

Challenge 1: The inability to ascertain damage because field surveys cannot be conducted while tsunami alerts are in effect⇨Estimate damage to moorings during the time when field surveys cannot be conducted
Challenge 2: The difficulty of visually ascertaining damage to the underground portions of mooring wharves and sheet piletype moorings⇨Estimate the situation underground and ascertain damage based on FLIP analysis results
Challenge 3: The immense amount of time and human effort required to survey damage to port and harbor facilities
⇨Provide a list of priorities to streamline field surveys, shorten schedules, and reduce workloads
Tsunami alert/advisory in effect(field surveys could not be conducted)

ConventionalStandby

Tsunami alert/advisory lifted(field surveys could be conducted)
Field surveys
conducted

Facilities judged
to be fit/unfit toremain in service

Transport ofemergency
supplies

施設診断システムによる自動処理

Current

AcquireEarthquake
data

Simplefacility
diagnosis

Detailed facility
diagnosis

Considerpriority

Fieldsurveys
conducted

Facilities
judgedTransport of emergency supplies

Earthquake
数分

数時間

Provide information about damage
to individual moorings and a list ofpriorities for field surveys

Save the time it would havetaken to identify moorings thatare fit to remain in service

11Comparison with similar technology(Chart-Type Seismic Diagnosis System for coastal structures)
Tool
Reason for development
Scope of diagnosis
FLIP model

Port and Harbor Facility Damage Diagnosis System

Chart-Type Seismic Diagnosis System

Judging whether moorings are fit to remain in service immediately after
Screening coastal structures at high risk due to earthquakesearthquakes strike
Coastal structures with various structural specifications and ground conditions(facilities not specified)

Moorings registered in the system (specific facilities)

Detailed model that reflects structural specifications and ground conditions of
Simplified model based on standard structure types and ground conditionsindividual facilities

Labor required

Automatic processing from seismic waveform input to judgment of fitness to
Manual input of facility, ground, and earthquake data into an Excel spreadsheet
remain in service

Output•Residual horizontal displacement•Residual vertical displacement (except mooring wharves)•Results of steel material comparison (wharf-type, sheet pile-type)•Residual horizontal displacement (except sloped/gravity-type breakwaters)•Results of superstructure comparison (wharf-type)•Soundness of steel materials (only sheet pile-type/wharf-type)•Fitness to remain in service (including judgments of fitness to remain in•Hinterland subsidence (except sloped/gravity-type breakwaters)
provisional service)
More conservative evaluations then FLIP analysis•Creates maps of judgment results for each port and harbor•Capable of judging whether cranes are fit to remain in service•Capable of evaluating the risk of toppling for gravity-type embankments andgravity-type breakwaters

チャート式による変位(m)Other•Simple judgment: Nearly identical to FLIP analysis•Detailed judgment: Identical to FLIP analysis

Displacement under Chart-Type System (m)Precision of diagnoses

6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

FEM解析による変位(m)Displacement
under FEM System (m)Comparison of estimated displacement under FLIP and Chart-Type systems

12Conclusion (characteristics and advantages of 国土交通省中部地方整備局
the FLIP system)
名古屋港湾空港技術調査事務所○○○○

The system combines and actualizes the most advanced port and harbor technology
available now
Unprecedented creativity and novelty
Development of a method of estimating damage evaluation indices using evaluation curves
eliminates elements beyond expectation and enables fully automated, rapid, high-precision
judgments of whether facilities are fit to remain in service
A parametric study made it possible to apply the system to facilities other than port andharbor facilities (e.g. river levees)
The Port and Harbor Facility Damage Diagnosis System monitors seismic activity
24 hours a day, 365 days a year—it is always ready for a major earthquake.

First in Japan!!

The Port and Harbor Facility Damage Diagnosis System on standby in the Nagoya Research and 13
Engineering Office for Port and Airport