J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑ

No. 124, p.25 ∼ 33 (2013)খ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼Ճ౻ઍਘ 1 · Ҫຊതඒ 1 · ੢ଜɹ୓ 1 · ‫⃻ٶ‬ɹ‫ ؽ‬2Investigation of changes in soil CO2 concentration by using compact buried tubing
soil gas monitoring system
Chihiro KATO1 , Hiromi IMOTO1 , Taku NISHIMURA1 and Tsuyoshi MIYAZAKI2

Abstract: Authors developed compact soil gas monitoring system which consisted of gas-permeable silicone rubber, a non-dispersive infrared CO2 gas sensor and galvanic
cell O2 sensor for the purpose of evaluating changes insoil CO2 concentration in ﬁelds. In this study, 0.5-mmthick silicone rubber sheet was used for CO2 sensing tube,
which was reinforced with plastic and stainless mesh pipes.
Time required to reach 95 % equilibrium of CO2 concentration of 0.5-mm-thick silicone rubber tube was 104 minutes, while that of 4-mm-thick tube, which reported previously, was 1175 minutes. The constructed system wasburied in agricultural bare ﬁeld and continuous monitoring of soil CO2 concentration was conducted through ayear. Since an amplitude of seasonal changes in soil temperature in agricultural ﬁeld is relatively large, e.g., >25◦ C at depth of 10 cm in this study ﬁeld, temperature dependence of NDIR CO2 sensors was investigated. Aftertemperature correction and calibration, monitored results
agreed with the soil CO2 concentration which was measured by conventional gas sampling method. Monitored
data showed seasonal and daily changes in soil CO2 concentration accompanied with changes in soil temperature.
Quick response to increase in soil CO2 concentration following each rainfall event was also observed. Simultaneous decrease in O2 concentration suggested that microbialactivity could be dominant factor of increase in soil CO2
concentration caused by rainfall.
Key Words : CO2 , soil respiration, gas permeable tube,
ﬁeld monitoring, non-dispersive infrared CO2 sensor

ଛࣦ͸ɼ஍‫نٿ‬໛ͷ୸ૉ॥‫؀‬ɼੜଶ‫ܥ‬ͷੜ࢈ੑʹॏཁͳӨ‫ڹ‬Λ‫͢΅ٴ‬ʢ࿨ӱ ·Sollins, 2002ʣ
ɽͦͷͨΊɼ౔৕͔Βେ‫΁ؾ‬ͷೋࢎԽ୸ૉʢCO2 ʣ์ग़ྔ΍౔৕தͷ༗‫ػ‬෺୸ૉྔͷ௕‫ظ‬มಈʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼैདྷ͔ΒΨεϑϥοΫεͷ
ଌఆ΍୸ૉಈଶϞσϧʢྫ͑͹ Li et al., 1992; Coleman

and Jenkinson, 1996 ͳͲʣΛ༻͍ͨ਺஋‫ࢉܭ‬Λ௨ͯ͠਺ଟ͘‫ݕ‬౼͞Ε͖ͯͨɽۙ೥ɼ೶஍౔৕ʹ͓͚Δ୸ૉஷཹೳʢCarbon Captureand Storage; CCSʣ͕஫໨͞Ε͓ͯΓɼྫ͑͹༗‫ػ‬෺ͷ࿈ଓࢪ༻ʹΑͬͯ೶஍౔৕தͷ୸ૉετοΫྔΛ૿Ճ͞
ͤΔࢼΈ͕‫ݕ‬౼ɼࢼߦ͞Ε͍ͯΔʢ೶ྛਫ࢈ল, 2008ʣɽ
·ͨɼߞ‫ํى‬๏΍ࢪංํ๏ͳͲͷะ৔؅ཧ๏ʹΑͬͯ೶஍౔৕͔Βͷ CO2 ์ग़ྔΛ‫ݮ‬Β͢ԹஆԽ؇࿨ࡦͷ‫ݕ‬౼΋ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔʢྫ͑͹ɼLal and Kimble, 1997; AlvaroFuentes et al., 2012ʣɽ༗‫ػ‬෺ࢪ༻ྔ΍ࢪ༻ਂ͞ɼߞ‫ਂى‬͞ͳͲͷ۩ମతͳ؇࿨ࡦΛ‫ݕ‬౼͢ΔͨΊʹ͸஍ද໘͔Β์ग़͞ΕΔ CO2 ͷϑϥοΫεͷΈͰͳ͘ɼ֤ਂ͞ʹ͓͚
Δ CO2 ೱ౓Λ΋೺Ѳ͠ɼ౔தͰੜ͡Δ༗‫ػ‬෺ͷແ‫ػ‬Խʹ͍ͭͯ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ౔৕தͷ֤छΨεೱ౓ଌఆʹ͸ɼ͜Ε·ͰओʹΨε࠾औ؅Λॴఆͷਂ͞ʹૠೖͯ͠௚઀౔৕தͷΨεΛ࠾औ͠ɼର৅ͱ͢ΔΨεͷೱ౓Λఆྔ͢Δํ๏͕༻͍ΒΕ͖ͯͨʢ༄Ҫ · ৗా, 2009; Rolston, 2002; ҪຊΒ, 2003ʣɽ
͜ͷํ๏͸ɼΨεΛ࠾औ͢Δࡍʹ౔৕தͷۭ‫ؾ‬Λ‫ٵ‬Ҿ͢ΔͨΊɼ౔৕ۭ‫ݮ͕ؾ‬ѹ͞ΕɼΨεͷҠྲྀ͕ੜ͡ΔՄೳ
ੑ͕͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼසൟͳαϯϓϦϯάʹ͸ෆ޲͖Ͱ

1. ͸͡Ίʹ͋Δɽ͜Εʹରۙ͠೥ɼ౔৕தʹΨεಁաੑΛ༗͢ΔथࢷΛ౔৕͸ɼେ‫ؾ‬தͷ૯୸ૉྔͷ໿ 2 ഒɼ২෺όΠΦϚε

ຒઃ͠ɼ౔৕தͷΨεѹྗ‫ڥ؀‬Λཚͣ͞ʹ֤छΨεೱ౓ͷ໿ 3 ഒͷ୸ૉྔΛ༗͠ʢSundquist, 1993ʣɼ౔৕୸ૉͷ

ͷଌఆΛߦ͏ख๏͕ࢼΈΒΕ͍ͯΔʢ༄Ҫ · ৗా, 2009;

1 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University ofTokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. Corresponding author: Ճ౻ઍਘɼ౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պɹ
2 Professor Emeritus at The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, JAPAN.
2012 ೥ 10 ݄ 31 ೔डߘɹ 2013 ೥ 2 ݄ 23 ೔डཧ

Kammann et al., 2001; ԕ౻Β, 2010ʣɽΨεಁաੑथࢷ
ʹ͸ɼγϦίʔϯΰϜ΍ϙϦςτϥϑϧΦϩΤνϨϯɼϑοԽΤνϨϯϓϩϐϨϯͳͲ͕͋Γɼ͜ΕΒͷૉࡐ͸ΨεΛ௨͕͢ਫ͸௨͞ͳ͍ɽͨͱ͑͹ɼνϡʔϒঢ়ͷΨεಁաੑथࢷͷ྆୺Λดͯ͡౔৕தʹຒઃ͢ΔͱɼथࢷΛհͯ͠Ψεͷ֦ࢄ͕࢝·Γɼνϡʔϒ಺֎ͷΨε͸ฏ

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౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)
͢Δ৔߹ɼνϡʔϒಉ͕࢜౔৕தͰۙ઀͠ɼपลͷ౔৕தͷਫɼΨεɼ೤ͳͲͷҠಈ͕֧ཚ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕‫ݒ‬೦͞ΕΔɽ
౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷԖ௚෼෍ͷ‫ܗ‬੒ཁҼͱͯ͠ɼ౔৕‫ݺ‬‫ʹٵ‬ΑΔ CO2 ੜ੒ͱɼ֦ࢄΛओͱ͢Δ CO2 ҠಈʹେผͰ͖Δɽད஍౔৕ͷ৔߹ɼCO2 ੜ੒଎౓͸౔৕ඍੜ෺ͷ‫ٵݺ‬଎౓ͱ౳͘͠ɼCO2 ೱ౓ͱͱ΋ʹ O2 ೱ౓Λଌఆ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼCO2 ೱ౓มಈͷཁҼΛ೺Ѳ͠ɼ౔৕த
ͷ CO2 Ψε‫ڍ‬ಈʹ͍ͭͯৄࡉͳ‫ݕ‬౼͕ՄೳʹͳΔɽ౻
઒ʢ2003ʣ͸ɼ‫౎ݝ࡚ٶ‬৓ࢢͷਫాస‫׵‬ാʹ͓͍ͯɼΨεFig. 1 ೑ް 4 mm ‫ ͼٴ‬0.5 mm ͷγϦίʔϯथࢷͷൺֱɽ
4 mm and 0.5 mm thick silicone rubbers.

࠾औ؅Λ༻͍ͯ‫ق‬અ͝ͱʢ5ɼ10ɼ3 ݄ʣʹ౔৕தͷ CO2

ߧʹୡ͢Δɽฏߧ࣌ʹνϡʔϒ಺ͷΨεೱ౓Λଌఆ͢Εೱ౓ͱ O2 ೱ౓ͷԖ௚෼෍Λଌఆͨ͠ɽͦͷ݁ՌɼͲͷ࣌‫ظ‬΋ߴ‫ס‬૩ີ౓ͷߞ൫૚ʹ͓͍ͯ‫ ʹܹٸ‬CO2 ೱ౓͕͹ɼ౔৕ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷѹྗ‫ڥ؀‬Λཚ͞ͳ͍··౔৕தͷΨεೱ্ঢɼO2 ೱ౓͕௿Լ͠ɼͦͷ܏޲͸ಛʹ 10 ݄ʹ‫ݦ‬ஶͰ౓Λ೺Ѳ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ

͋ͬͨɽͦͷཁҼ͸ɼ10 ݄͸ଞͷ࣌‫ͱظ‬ൺ΂ͯߞ൫૚ͷۙ೥ɼಛʹ CO2 ೱ౓ଌఆʹ͍ͭͯɼߴਫ਼౓Ͱൺֱత҆Ձͳηϯα͕ར༻ՄೳʹͳΓɼ࿈ଓଌఆ͕ߦΘΕΔΑ͏஍Թ΍ਫ෼ྔ͕ߴ͘ɼඍੜ෺‫׆‬ੑͷ্ঢ΍ɼΨε֦ࢄҠಈ଎౓ͷ௿Լ͕ੜͨͨ͡ΊͰ͋Δͱߟ࡯ͨ͠ɽ֤߱ӍΠʹͳͬͨɽHirano et al.ʢ2003ʣ͸ɼް͞ 3 mm ͷϙϦԘԽϕϯτ΍࿈ଓతͳ஍ԹมԽʹର͢Δ౔৕த CO2 ɼO2 ೱϏχϧʢPVCʣνϡʔϒʹඇ෼ࢄ‫֎੺ܕ‬ઢʢNon-dispersive౓ͷԠ౴ʹ͍ͭͯɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣ͸ɼ্ड़ͷγϦίʔ

infrared: NDIRʣࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ʢGMD-20ɼVaisalaʣͷηϯα෦ΛऔΓ෇͚ɼ৿ྛ౔৕ͷ্૚ 20 cm ఔ౓·Ͱ
ͷ 3 ਂ౓ʹຒઃ͠ɼ൒೥ؒͷ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷଌఆΛߦͬͨɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼPVC νϡʔϒͷଆ໘ʹ͸εϦοτΛ
ઃ͚ɼͦͷεϦοτ͕Լ޲͖ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹνϡʔϒΛ౔৕ʹຒઃ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼCO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷηϯα෦ϯνϡʔϒ಺ʹɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ͱث׵‬ಉ࣌ʹΨϧόχి஑ࣜ O2 Ψεηϯα΋෧ೖͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ɼ೑ް 4mm ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͷɼO2 ೱ౓ͷ 95 % ฏߧ࣌ؒ
͸ 2100 ෼ͱ CO2 ͷ৔߹ͱൺ΂ͯ͞Βʹେ͖͘ɼะ৔ʹ
͓͚Δ౔৕த O2 ೱ౓ʹؔ͢Δߟ࡯͸ߦΘͳ͔ͬͨɽ͜
ͷΑ͏ʹ‫؍‬ଌ‫ثػ‬΍γεςϜͷෆ଍ͷͨΊɼ೶஍౔৕த

ΛӍਫ͔Β๷‫ͭͭ͠ޢ‬ɼ౔৕ۭ‫ؾ‬தͷೱ౓มԽʹର͢Δ

ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ͱ O2 ೱ౓Λɼ೥ؒΛ௨ͯ͠ಉ࣌ʹ࿈ଓଌఆηϯαͷૣ͍Ԡ౴Λଅͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ɼεϦοτΛઃ͚ͨͨ͠ྫ͸΄ͱΜͲͳ͍ɽ৔߹ɼਫ෼๞࿨࣌ʹηϯα෦΁ͷਁਫΛ๷͛ͳ͍ɽ

·ͨɼϑΟʔϧυʹ͓͍ͯ͸‫ܭ‬ଌ‫ڥ؀‬ͷ੍‫͕ޚ‬೉͍ͦ͜͠ͰɼΨεಁաੑथࢷͱ NDIR ࣜηϯαΛ૊Έ߹ΘͨΊɼηϯαɼ‫ྨثػ‬Λ༻͍࣮ͯ‫ݧ‬΍‫؍‬ଌΛ͢Δࡍʹ͸ɼͤͨଌఆ΋ࢼΈΒΕ͖ͯͨɽͨͱ͑͹ԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣ͸ɼηϯαɼ‫ثػ‬ͷ‫ڥ؀‬ґଘੑΛ೺Ѳ͠ɼग़ྗ஋ͷิਖ਼Λ͢Ψεಁաੑνϡʔϒͷ಺෦ʹ NDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬Δඞཁ͕͋ΔɽNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬͸‫ݩ‬དྷɼϞϧೱΛ෧ೖͨ͠ɼνϡʔϒຒઃ‫ܕ‬ΨεϞχλϦϯάγες

౓ʢCO2 ෼ࢠ਺ʣΛଌఆ͢ΔͨΊɼ‫ٻ‬ΊΔਫ਼౓ʹΑͬͯϜʢBuried Tubing Gas Monitoring System; BT-GMSʣΛ͸‫ؾ‬ମͷঢ়ଶํఔࣜʹ‫͖ͮج‬ɼ‫ؾ‬ѹ΍‫ؾ‬ԹͷมಈΛߟྀ࡞੒͠ɼ೶஍౔৕தͷ CO2 ࿈ଓଌఆΛߦͬͨɽͦͷࡍɼ

͢Δ͜ͱ͕ਪ঑͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͜ΕʹՃ͑ɼ੺֎ઢͷ೾௕νϡʔϒͷૉࡐ͓Αͼ೑ްͷҧ͍ʹԠͨ͡Ψεಁաੑೳ͸Թ౓ʹԠͯ͡γϑτ͢ΔͨΊɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫׵‬ͷධՁΛߦ͍ɼૉࡐͱͯ͠͸γϦίʔϯΰϜ͕ద͓ͯ͠

‫ࣗث‬ମ΋Թ౓ґଘੑΛ࣋ͭͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽथ໦΍ϦλʔΓɼ͞Βʹͦͷ೑ް͕ബ͍΄ͲɼΨεಁաੑ͕޲্͢Δ

ͷඃ෴͕ͳ͍೶஍౔৕ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ஍Թͷมಈ͸৿ྛ౔͜ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠ɽͨͩ͠ɼ౔৕தʹ͓͍ͯ͸౔ඃΓѹ͕৕ͱൺ΂ͯେ͖͘ɼग़ྗ஋ͷԹ౓ิਖ਼ͷॏཁੑ͸ߴ͍ɽ

͋ΔͨΊɼΨεಁաੑνϡʔϒ͸͋Δఔ౓ͷ‫͕౓ڧ‬ඞཁҎ্Λ౿·͑ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼγεςϜͷখ‫ܕ‬Խ‫ͼٴ‬ΨεͰ͋Δɽೈ࣭ͷγϦίʔϯΰϜΛ༻͍Δ৔߹͸ɼ೑ް͕ೱ౓มԽʹର͢ΔԠ౴ੑ޲্ͱ଱ՙॏੑͷཱ྆Λ೦಄

ബ͗͢Δͱ౔ඃΓѹʹ଱͑ΒΕͣͭͿΕͯ͠·͏ͨΊ೑ʹɼখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγες

ްΛബ͘͢Δʹ͸‫ݶ‬ք͕͋Γɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣ͸೑ް 4ϜΛ։ൃͨ͠ɽϑΟʔϧυʹ͓͚Δ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓࿈mmɼ௕͞ 1 m ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒΛબ୒ͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ৔߹ɼ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷɼ஍Թͷ‫ق‬અมಈʹͱ΋ͳ͏มଓϞχλϦϯάʹద༻͢ΔͨΊʹɼγεςϜʹ༻͍ͨ৅ʹ͍ͭͯ΋ɼఆੑతʹมԽͷ༗ແΛ‫ݕ‬ग़͢Δ͜ͱ͸Մ

NDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷԹ౓ґଘੑͷ‫ݕ‬౼΋ߦͬͨɽ·ͨɼγεςϜʹ͸ O2 ηϯα΋౥ࡌ͠ɼད஍೶஍౔৕
த 3 ਂ౓ʹ͓͚Δ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷ࿈ଓϞχλϦϯά
ʹద༻ɼ஍Թͷ‫ق‬અมಈ΍߱Ӎʹର͢Δ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ೳͰ͋ͬͨɽͨͩ͠ɼ೑ް 4 mm ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒมಈΛ‫ݕ‬౼ͨ͠ɽಈͷΑ͏ͳ௕प‫ظ‬ͷ‫ݱ‬৅Λଊ͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ·ͨɼCO2 ೱ౓มԽͷ߱Ӎʹର͢ΔԠ౴ͷΑ͏ʹൺֱత଎͍‫ݱ‬͸ɼ֎෦ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ʹରͯ͠ 95 % ฏߧʹୡ͢Δ·Ͱʹ൒೔ఔ౓Λཁͨͨ͠Ίɼ୹࣌ؒͰੜ͡Δ‫ݱ‬৅ͷఆྔతͳ

2. ࡐྉͱํ๏

‫؍‬ଌʹ͸՝୊͕࢒ͬͨɽ·ͨɼγεςϜશମ͕ൺֱతେ

2.1 ຒઃ‫ܕ‬ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜͷখ‫ܕ‬Խ‫͋Ͱܕ‬Γʢ֎‫ ܘ‬28 mmɼ௕͞ 1 mʣɼෳ਺ͷਂ౓ʹຒઃຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸Ψεಁաੑथࢷͱͯ͠ɼ೑ް 0.5 mmɼॎ࿦จɿখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼

27

Fig. 2 C-BT-GMS ͷ֓ཁɽ
Outline of C-BT-GMS.

20 cmɼԣ 20 cm ͷγϦίʔϯγʔτΛ༻͍ͨɽԕ౻
Βʢ2010ʣ͕༻͍ͨ΋ͷͱಉ͡೑ް 4 mm ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͱຊ‫͍ͨ༻Ͱڀݚ‬γʔτͷஅ໘ͷൺֱΛ Fig.
1 ʹࣔ͢ɽ೑ް 0.5 mm ͷγʔτ͸ɼνϡʔϒঢ়ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹ‫ؙ‬ΊΔͱ‫౓ڧ‬ෆ଍ͷͨΊஅ໘͕ԁ‫ܗ‬Λอͯͣପ

System; C-BT-GMSɼFig. 2ʣʯͱ‫Ϳݺ‬ɽͳ͓ɼຊ‫ʹڀݚ‬͓͍ͯ͸ɼ౔৕தͷʮΨεೱ౓ʯΛɼ౔৕த‫ؾ‬૬ମੵ͋ͨΓͷɼର৅ͱ͢ΔΨεମੵͷׂ߹ [m3 m−3 ] ͱ͠ɼମੵඦ෼཰ [%] Ͱද͢͜ͱͱ͢ΔɽγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ྆୺ͷખʹ͸͞ΒʹɼεςϯϨε

ԁঢ়ʹͭͿΕΔɽͦ͜Ͱຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼ౔தຒઃ࣌ͷ౔ඃύΠϓʢ֎‫ ܘ‬2 mmʣΛऔΓ෇͚ɼ͜Εʹ஍্ʹͭͳ͕Γѹʹ଱͑ΔͨΊɼϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓʢΰϧΔφΠϩϯ੡ͷ௨‫༻ؾ‬νϡʔϒΛऔΓ෇͚ͨɽφΠϩϯR ɼϝογϡαΠζ 2.5
ϑΫϥϒϓϩςΫλʔ ωτϩϯνϡʔϒ͸ɼ଱ީੑɼ଱۶‫ۂ‬ർ࿑ੑʹ༏Εɼ౔৕தͰ΋mmɼ಺‫ ܘ‬30 mmʣʹγϦίʔϯγʔτΛ‫͗ܧ͍ͯר‬໨Λ઀ணࡎʢεʔύʔ XɼηϝμΠϯʣͰີ෧͢Δͱͱ΋ྼԽ͠ʹ͍͘ར఺͕͋Δɽ·ͨɼφΠϩϯͷ CO2 Ψεಁաੑ͸ɼγϦίʔϯΰϜͷಁաੑͷ͓Αͦ 10−5 ഒͱʹɼԁ౵ঢ়ʹ‫ؙ‬ΊͨεςϯϨε੡ͷ໢ʢϝογϡαΠζ

௿͍ʢ೔ຊ઼ੑՃ޻ֶձ, 1988ʣɽ͜ͷ௨‫༻ؾ‬νϡʔϒ

0.5 mmʣΛϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓ಺ʹૠೖͯ͠ิ

ͷઌ୺ʹ͸ࡾํίοΫΛऔΓ෇͚ɼ௨ৗ͸ίοΫΛด͡‫ͨ͠ڧ‬ɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓͷ྆୺ͨঢ়ଶʹͨ͠ɽ‫ޙ‬ड़͢ΔϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάʹ͓͍͸ɼΞΫϦϧ੡ͷખΛ࡞੒ͯ͠ดͨ͡ɽ͜ͷખ͸ɼ௚‫ܘ‬ͯ͸ɼ໿൒೥ʹҰ౓ɼίοΫΛ։์͠௨‫༻ؾ‬νϡʔϒͷ

34 mmɼ௕͞ 15 mm ͷΞΫϦϧ๮ΛɼҰ୺͔Β௕͞ 10
mm ·Ͱͷ෦෼Λ௚‫ ܘ‬29.8 mmʢϓϥενοΫϝογϡ

ઌ୺͔Β஠ૉΨεΛ஫ೖ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯγϦίʔϯύΠϓ಺‫ܘ‬ΑΓ΍΍ࡉ͍ʣʹͳΔΑ͏ʹ࡟ͬͯತ‫͠ʹܗ‬νϡʔϒ಺ͷۭ‫ؾ‬Λ௥͍ग़͢ʮϑϥογϡʯ࡞‫ۀ‬Λߦͬͨɽϑϥογϡͷ‫ޙ‬ɼࡾํίοΫΛด͡ɼ࠶ͼγϦίʔͯ࡞੒͠ɼϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓʹ઀ணͨ͠ɽ·ϯνϡʔϒ಺ͷۭ‫౔ͱؾ‬৕ۭ‫ؾ‬Λฏߧͤ͞ɼCO2 ೱ౓ଌͨɼ͜ͷΞΫϦϧ੡ͷખͱϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓ

ఆΛଓ͚ͨɽͦͯ͠ϑϥογϡ‫ޙ‬͸ɼ‫ޙ‬ड़ͷΑ͏ʹग़ྗʹ‫͍ͨר‬γϦίʔϯγʔτΛ઀ணࡎʢεʔύʔ XʣͰ઀஋ͱ CO2 ೱ౓ͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯࣜͷमਖ਼Λߦͬͨɽணͨ͠ɽ͞ΒʹɼγϦίʔϯγʔτͷ্͔ΒεςϯϨε

ͳ͓ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ΍ϑϥογϡ༻εςϯϨε

ͷ਑ۚΛ‫ݻ͚͖ͯͭר‬ఆͨ͠ɽҎԼɼεςϯϨε੡ͷ໢ύΠϓɼηϯαྨͱΞΫϦϧ੡ͷખͷ઀߹෦ʹ͸ɼγʔΛ‫ؙ‬Ίͯ࡞ͬͨԁ౵ɼϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓ‫ͼٴ‬ϦϯάࡎʢόείʔΫɼηϝμΠϯʣΛృΓɼγϦίʔγϦίʔϯγʔτΛ߹ΘͤͯɼʮγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒʯͱϯγʔτΛհͨ͠Ψε֦ࢄҎ֎͸ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ‫Ϳݺ‬ɽΞΫϦϧ੡ͷખʹ͸݀Λ։͚ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔ಺֎ͷΨεҠಈ͕ͳ͍Α͏ཹҙͨ͠ɽϒͷҰ୺ʹ NDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ʢGMM221ɼೱ౓

2.2 C-BT-GMS ͷԠ౴ੑͷ֬ೝൣғ 0 ∼ 5%ɼVaisalaʣɼଞ୺ʹΨϧόχి஑ࣜ O2 ηϯΨεಁաੑͷධՁࢦඪͷҰͭʹɼ95 % ฏߧ࣌ؒʢԕ౻

αʢKE-12ɼGS ϢΞαʣ‫ͼٴ‬ಔ–ίϯελϯλϯ‫ܕ‬೤ిΒ, 2010ʣ͕͋Δɽ͜Ε͸ɼνϡʔϒ಺֎ͷΨεೱ౓ʹࠩରͷηϯα෦Λ෧ೖͨ͠ɽGMM221 ͸ҹՃిѹ 11 ∼18

V Ͱಈ࡞͢ΔͨΊɼσʔλϩΨʔʢCR1000ɼCampbellʣΛ༻͍ͯɼଌఆલͷ 30 ඵؒͷஆ‫ؾ‬ӡస࣌‫ͼٴ‬ଌఆ࣌ʹ
12 V Λ‫ͨ͠څڙ‬ɽଌఆ࣌ʹ͸ɼCO2 ೱ౓ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺Թ౓ɼO2 ೱ౓ͷσʔλΛ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ɽҎԼɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͱ GMM221 ͷηϯα෦ɼ೤ిର‫ͼٴ‬O2 ηϯαΛ߹Θͤͯʮখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫ܕ‬ΨεϞχλ
ϦϯάγεςϜʢCompact Buried Tubing Gas Monitoring͕͋Δͱ͖ʹɼͦͷೱ౓͕ࠩॳ‫ظ‬ͷ 5 % ʹͳΔ·Ͱͷ࣌ؒͱఆٛ͢Δɽ͜ͷࢦඪΛ༻͍ͯɼຊ‫࡞Ͱڀݚ‬੒ͨ͠೑ް 0.5 mm ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒΛ࢖༻ͨ͠ C-BT-GMS‫ͼٴ‬ɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣͱಉ͡೑ް 4 mmɼ௕͞ 1 m ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒΛ༗͢ BT-GMS ͷԠ౴ੑΛൺֱͨ͠ɽ
લऀʹ͍ͭͯ͸େ‫ؾ‬தͱਫதɼ‫͍ͯͭʹऀޙ‬͸େ‫ؾ‬தͷΈʹ͓͍ͯɼ95 % ฏߧ࣌ؒΛଌఆͨ͠ɽ

25 ◦ C Ұఆͷ߃Թࣨʹ͓͍ͯɼελϯυʹ C-BT-GMS

28౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)

ஔ͠ɼCO2 ೱ౓ͷมԽΛ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣ

͸ TDR100ʢCampbellʣʹ઀ଓͨ͠ TDRʢTime Domain
Reﬂectometryʣηϯαʢࣗ࡞ʣΛ༻͍ͨɽ͜ΕΒͷ೤ిର‫ ͼٴ‬TDR100 ͸σʔλϩΨʔʢCR10X, Campbellʣʹ઀ଓ͠ɼ20 ෼͝ͱʹσʔλΛ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ɽͳ͓ɼTDR ηϯαͷग़ྗ஋ʢൺ༠ి཰ʣ͸ɼMaxwell - De Loor - Dobson
ϞσϧʢDobson et al., 1985; Dirksen and Dasberg, 1993ʣͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒΛऔΓ෇͚ɼେ‫ؾ‬த·ͨ͸ਫΛுͬͨਫ૧தʹ੩ஔͨ͠ɽͦͯ͠ɼC-BT-GMS ͷ௨‫ؾ‬༻νϡʔϒͷҰ୺͔Βɼ໿ 5 % ͷ CO2 ΨεΛγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ༰ੵͷ໿ 1.5 ഒૹΓࠐΈɼ௨‫༻ؾ‬νϡʔϒͷίοΫΛดͨ͡ɽ ͦͷ࣌఺Λ։࢝࣌ࠁͱͯͦ͠ͷ··์ͱಉ‫ܕ‬ͷ೑ް 4 mmɼ௕͞ 1 m ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒΛΛ༻͍ͯମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ʹ‫ͨ͠ࢉ׵‬ɽ‫ʹࢉ׵‬ඞཁͳɼ֤౔৕

༗͢ BT-GMS Λ༻͍ͨಉ༷ͷࢼ‫͍͓ͯʹݧ‬͸ɼνϡʔͷൺද໘ੵͳͲͷ෺ੑ஋͸ɼKato et al.ʢ2011ʣΛࢀরϒ಺ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷҰ෦Λ 99.9 % ͷ CO2 ඪ४ΨεͰஔ‫͠׵‬ɼͨ͠ɽνϡʔϒ಺Λ֎෦ͱൺ΂ͯߴೱ౓ʹͨ͠ঢ়ଶΛॳ‫ظ‬৚݅༻͍ɼࢼ‫ݧ‬த͸ৗʹϞʔλʔͰϓϩϖϥΛճͯ͠᎟፩͠

C-BT-GMS Λ౔৕தʹຒઃ͢Δࡍ͸ɼะ৔ʹਂ͞ 70cm ͷஅ໘Λग़͠ɼਂ͞ 10 – 15ɼ20 – 25ɼ50 – 55 cm ͷҐஔʹɼ஍ද໘ʹਫฏʹɼ௕͞ 20 cmɼԞߦ͖ 5 cm ఔ౓ͷͨɽ·ͨɼC-BT-GMS ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼେ‫ؾ‬தɼਫதͷࢼ‫ݧ‬ߔΛ࡞ΓɼͦͷߔʹγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒΛ͸ΊࠐΜͩ‫ޙ‬ɼͱ΋ಉҰͷ‫ݸ‬ମΛ༻͍ͨɽ౔ΛຒΊ໭ͨ͠ɽC-BT-GMS ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ͼٴث׵‬೤ͱͨ͠ɽͳ͓ɼਫதͷࢼ‫ʹݧ‬͸ 1 ೔‫ټ‬Έஔ͍ͨਫಓਫΛ

2.3 C-BT-GMS ͷԹ౓ґଘੑิਖ਼ిର͸ɼઌड़ͷΑ͏ʹσʔλϩΨʔʢCR1000, Campbellʣ

2 ηοτͷ C-BT-GMS Λ߃ԹνϟϯόʔʢΤεϖοʹ઀ଓ͠ɼ20 ෼͝ͱʹσʔλΛ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠ɽσʔλ‫ه‬࿥Ϋʣͷதʹ੩ஔ͠ɼԹ౓Λ਺ஈ֊มԽͤͨ͞ͱ͖ͷग़ྗ‫ޙ‬ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺֎Ͱଌఆͨ͠஍ԹΛൺֱ͠ɼಉ

ͷมԽ͔ΒɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷԹ౓ґଘੑΛ֬͡ਂ͞Ͱ͸΄΅౳͍͜͠ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠ʢσʔλඇ‫ࡌܝ‬ʣɽೝͨ͠ɽ߃Թνϟϯόʔ͸ɼϑΝϯʹΑͬͯνϟϯόʔ·ͨɼઌड़ͷΑ͏ʹ൒೥ʹҰ౓ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺಺ͷۭ‫ؾ‬Λ᎟፩͠ɼνϟϯόʔ಺ͷۭ‫ؾ‬ͷԹ౓͕‫ۉ‬Ұʹʹ७ N2 ΨεΛૹΓࠐΈɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ʹଘࡏͳΔΑ͏ʹઃ‫͞ܭ‬Ε͍ͯΔɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸߃Թνϟϯόʔ

͍ͯ͠Δۭ‫ؾ‬ΛૹΓग़͢ʮϑϥογϡʯ࡞‫ۀ‬Λߦͬͨɽ಺ͷԹ౓Λ൒೔Ҏ্Ұఆʹ͠ɼͦͷؒʹηϯαͷग़ྗ஋͕҆ఆ͢Δ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠ɽGMM221 ͷม‫ث׵‬෦෼΍

C-BT-GMS ͷ‫ূݕ‬ͷͨΊɼผ్Ψε࠾औ؅ʢҪຊΒ,
2003ʣΛૠೖ‫ޙ‬ɼ໿൒೥ؒઃஔ͠ɼC-BT-GMS ͱಉ͡ 3σʔλϩΨʔɼόοςϦʔྨ͸͢΂ͯɼ֎෦Թ౓ͷӨ‫ڹ‬఺ͷਂ͔͞ΒదٓΨεΛ࠾औͨ͠ɽ࠾औͨ͠αϯϓϧ͸

Λड͚ͳ͍Α͏ʹஅ೤ࡐΛ‫͖ר‬ɼ߃Թνϟϯόʔͷ֎ʹਅۭόΠΞϧʹҠ࣮ͯ͠‫ؼͪ࣋ʹࣨݧ‬ΓɼΨεΫϩϚτ

ஔ͍ͨɽ

άϥϑʢGC-2014, SHIMADZUʣΛ༻͍ͯఆྔͨ͠ɽ

2.4 C-BT-GMS ͷ໺֎‫؍‬ଌ΁ͷద༻౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պෟଐੜଶௐ࿨೶ֶ
‫಺ߏػ‬ͷ 3S ะ৔ʢ౦‫౎ژ‬੢౦‫ ;ࢢژ‬35◦ 44’ 13” Nɼ139◦

32’ 30” Eʣʹ͓͍ͯɼ2010 ೥ 8 ݄ 28 ೔͔Β 2011 ೥ 10
݄ 31 ೔·ͰɼC-BT-GMS Λ༻͍ͯਂ͞ 10ɼ20ɼ50 cm
ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ͷ࿈ଓϞχλϦϯάΛߦͬͨɽಉ࣌ʹɼಉ͡ͳ͓ɼϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάʹ༻͍ͨ 3 ηοτͷC-BT-GMS ͱɼԹ౓ґଘੑࢼ‫ ͍ͨ༻ʹݧ‬2 ηοτͷ CBT-GMS ͸શͯผ‫ݸ‬ମͰ͋Δɽ
2.5 C-BT-GMS ͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯϯά։࢝ͷ໿ 2 ೥લʢ2008 ೥ 8 ݄ʣʹɼ10 m ࢛ํΛਂ͞ຊ‫ ͨ͠༻࢖Ͱڀݚ‬CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ ث׵‬GMM γϦʔζ͸ɼ
CO2 ೱ౓ͱग़ྗʢిѹʣ஋ͷؒʹઢ‫͕͋܎ؔܗ‬Δ͜ͱ
͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽͦ͜Ͱɼะ৔ʹຒઃͨ͠ 3 ηοτͷC-BT-GMS ಺ͷ GMM221 ʹ͍ͭͯɼҎԼͷํ๏ͰΩϟ

10 cm ఔ౓·ͰϩʔλϦʔϓϥ΢Λ͔͚ͯ۷Γ‫͜͠ى‬ɼϦϒϨʔγϣϯΛߦͬͨɽਂ͞ͷ౔৕ਫ෼ͱ஍Թ΋ଌఆͨ͠ɽะ৔͸ɼຊϞχλϦҰ༷ͳʮད஍ʯͱͨ͠ɽͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼదٓআ૲ࡎʢϥ΢ϯυ

C-BT-GMS Λຒઃͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼ஍্ʹग़ͨ͠௨‫༻ؾ‬φΠΞοϓϚοΫεϩʔυɼ ೔࢈Խֶ޻‫ۀ‬ʣΛࢄ෍ɼ͋Δ͍

ϩϯνϡʔϒͷҰํ͔ΒɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͷ༰ੵͷ͸ࠜͦ͗͜खͰൈ͘͜ͱʹΑͬͯࡶ૲Λআ‫͠ڈ‬ɼϞχλϦϯάऴྃ࣌·Ͱད஍Λҡ࣋ͨ͠ɽͦͷࡍɼC-BT-GMS

1.5 ഒఔ౓ͷ CO2 ඪ४ΨεʢCO2 = 0.970 % ͱ 2.91 %ʣɼ
७ N2 ΨεʢCO2 = 0.0 %ʣΛ஫ೖ͠ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔΛຒઃͨ͠पғ 2 m ఔ౓ʹ͸ɼআ૲ࡎ͕͔͔Βͳ͍Α͏ϒ಺Λ͜ΕΒͷΨεͰຬͨͨ͠ɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼॳΊʹγϦʹཹҙͨ͠ɽะ৔ͷ౔৕͸ɼ஍ද໘͔Βਂ͞ 35 cm ͕ࠇίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ʹଘࡏ͍ͯͨ͠Ψε͸ɼ΋͏Ұํͷ௨ϘΫ౔ʢ౔ੑ Loamʣɼ35 cm ΑΓԼ͸ཱ઒ϩʔϜ౔ʢ౔‫༻ؾ‬νϡʔϒͷίοΫΛ։͚ɼ஍্ʹ௥͍ग़ͨ͠ɽ

ੑ Light ClayʣͰ͋ͬͨʢKato et al., 2011ʣɽ·ͨɼࠇγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ʹඪ४ΨεΛຬͨͨ͋͠ͱɼηϘΫ౔ɼཱ઒ϩʔϜ౔ͷฏ‫࣪ۉ‬५ີ౓͸ͦΕͧΕ 1.20ɼ

ϯαग़ྗ஋ΛಡΈऔΓɼඪ४Ψεͷೱ౓ͱରԠͤͯ͞ά

1.05 [Mg m−3 ] Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼ50 cm ਂ͞ʹ͓
͚Δ C-BT-GMS ͕ड͚Δ౔ඃΓѹ͸ɼ
1.20 × (9.8 × 103 ) [Nm−3 ] × 0.35 [m]+ 1.05 × (9.8 × 103 ) [Nm−3 ] × 0.15 [m] = 5.66 [kNm−2 ]Ͱ͋Δɽ஍Թ͸ɼC-BT-GMS ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ʹ෧ೖϥϑʹϓϩοτͨ͠ɽͳ͓ɼ2 छྨͷೱ౓ͷ CO2 ඪ४ΨεΛ஫ೖͨ͠ͷ͕ 2010 ೥ 9 ݄ 9 ೔ʢ஍Թ໿ 25 ∼ 26

◦ Cʣ
ɼN2 ΨεΛ஫ೖͨ͠ͷ͕ 2011 ೥ 1 ݄ 6 ೔ʢ஍Թ໿
3 ∼ 8 ◦ CʣͰ͋ͬͨͨΊɼ‫ऀޙ‬ͷσʔλʹରͯ͠͸ઌड़ͷԹ౓ิਖ਼Λߦ͍ 25 ◦ C ͷͱ͖ͷग़ྗ஋ʹ‫͔ͯ͠ࢉ׵‬ΒΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯࣜΛ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽ·ͨɼC-BT-GMS Ͱ࢖ͨ͠೤ిରͱ͸ผʹɼ౔৕தʹಔ–ίϯελϯλϯ‫ܕ‬ͷ༻ͨ͠ηϯα GMM221 ͱಉ͡γϦʔζͷ NDIR ࣜ CO2

೤ిରΛຒઃͯ͠ଌఆͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼ౔৕ਫ෼ྔͷଌఆʹೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ʢGMM222, ߴೱ౓༻ʣͷηϯα෦ͷ 90 % Ԡ࿦จɿখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼

29

3. ݁Ռͱߟ࡯
3.1 C-BT-GMS ͷԠ౴ੑ
Fig. 3 ʹɼຊ‫࡞Ͱڀݚ‬੒ͨ͠ C-BT-GMS ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒʢ೑ް 0.5 mmʣ‫ͼٴ‬ɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣͱಉ‫ܕ‬ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒʢ೑ް 4 mmʣ಺ʹ CO2 ඪ४ΨεΛຬͨͨ͠‫ޙ‬ͷɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ CO2 ೱ౓ʢ࣮‫ݧ‬։࢝࣌ͷ CO2 ೱ౓Λ‫ج‬४ͱͨ͠૬ରೱ౓ʣͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽΛࣔ͢ɽਫதɼେ‫ؾ‬தͲͪΒͷ৔߹΋ɼࢼ‫ݧ‬։࢝‫ʹ͙͢ޙ‬ɼγϦίʔϯΛհͯ͠Ψεͷ֦ࢄҠಈ͕࢝·ͬͨɽͦͯ͠ɼ
γϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ͷ CO2 ೱ౓͸͋Δఔ౓·Ͱ͸‫ٸ‬
Fig. 3 େ‫ؾ‬த‫ͼٴ‬ਫதʹ͓͚ΔγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ͷ CO2ܹʹ‫ݮ‬গ͠ɼͦͷ‫ޙ‬ɼ؇΍͔ʹฏߧঢ়ଶʹ͍ۙͮͨɽຊ

ೱ౓มԽɽࢼ‫͍ͨ༻Ͱݧ‬γϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͷɼେ‫ؾ‬தʹ͓͚Δ 95% ฏߧ࣌ؒ͸ɼγϦίʔϯͷ೑ް͕ 4 mm ͷ৔߹ʹ 1175෼Ͱ͋ͬͨͷʹର͠ɼ೑ް 0.5 mm ʹ͢Δͱ 104 ෼ͱ͓Αͦ 11 ෼ͷ 1 ʹ୹͘ͳͬͨɽ·ͨɼ೑ް 0.5 mm ͷ৔߹ɼਫதʹ͓͚Δ 95 % ฏߧ࣌ؒ͸ 128 ෼Ͱ͋Γɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣͱಉ༷ɼେ‫ؾ‬தͱൺ΂ΔͱਫதͰ͸ฏߧ࣌ؒ

Changes in CO2 concentration in the silicone tube in the atmosphere and submerged into water.

͕௕͘ͳͬͨɽ

3.2 C-BT-GMS ͷԹ౓ґଘੑ‫ͼٴ‬ΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ݁Ռ

Fig. 4 ʹɼԹ౓ґଘੑࢼ‫ݧ‬தͷ߃Թνϟϯόʔ಺ͱɼೋͭͷ C-BT-GMSʢAɼB ͱ͢ΔʣͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔ
Fig. 4 ߃Թνϟϯό಺ͱ C-BT-GMS γϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺‫ͼٴ‬ϩΨʔपลͷԹ౓มԽ ʢ֤෦Թ౓͸ 4 ࣌ؒฏ‫ۉ‬஋ɽ10/30
͔Β 11/3 ͸ଌఆΛதஅ͠ɼ߃Թνϟϯό‫ͼٴ‬σʔλϩΨʔͷϒ಺ʹ෧ೖͨ͠೤ిରͰଌఆͨ͠Թ౓ͷมԽɼ‫ͼٴ‬νϟϯόʔͷ֎ʹ੩ஔͨ͠ϩΨʔपลͷԹ౓มԽΛࣔ͢ɽ͜ి‫ݯ‬Λ੾͍ͬͯͨͨΊɼܽଌͰ͋Δɽʣ͜ͰɼʮϩΨʔपลͷԹ౓ʯ͸ɼϩΨʔͷύωϧ্ʹઃஔ

Changes in 4-hour averaged temperature of inside of the constanttemperature chamber, silicone tubes and around data logger. Values are missing from 30th Oct. to 3rd Nov.).

ͨ͠αʔϛελʹΑͬͯଌఆͨ͠Թ౓Ͱ͋Γɼઌड़ͷΑ͏ʹ࣮‫ݧ‬த͸αʔϛελ‫ͼٴ‬ϩΨʔ͸அ೤ࡐͰแ·Ε͍ͯͨɽೋͭͷ C-BT-GMS ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ɼ‫ٴ‬ͼνϟϯόʔ಺ʢγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͷ֎ʣͷԹ౓͸΄΅Ұக͠ɼνϟϯόʔͷઃఆԹ౓ͱ΄΅౳͔ͬͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼνϟϯόʔͷ֎ʹ͓͍ͨϩΨʔपลͷԹ౓͸ɼ࣮‫ݧ‬ࣨͷԹ౓௿Լʹͱ΋ͳ͍࣮‫ؒظݧ‬Λ௨ͯ͠ 25 ◦ C ͔Β 20◦ C ʹ؇΍͔ʹԼ͕߱ͨ͠ɼຊࢼ‫΁ݧ‬ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸খ͍͞ͱߟ

͑ΒΕΔɽ

Fig. 5 ʹɼνϟϯόʔ಺Թ౓ͱɼͦͷԹ౓৚݅Լʹ͓
͚ΔɼC-BT-GMSʢA, Bʣʹ෧ೖͨ͠ GMM221 ͷग़ྗ஋ฏ‫ۉ‬஋ͷؔ܎Λࣔ͢ɽ·ͨɼ25 ◦ C ʹ͓͚Δग़ྗ஋Λ‫ج‬४ͱ͠ɼ‫ؾ‬ମͷঢ়ଶํఔࣜʹ‫͍ࣜͯͮج‬ʢ1ʣͷΑ͏ʹԹ౓มԽΛߟྀͨ͠ิਖ਼஋΋ซͤͯࣔ͢ʢFig. 5ɼதൈFig. 5 Թ౓ͱ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷग़ྗ஋ͷؔ܎ʢதൈ͖ϓϩοτ͸ 25 ˆʹ͓͚Δग़ྗ஋Λ‫ج‬४ͱ͠ɼ‫ؾ‬ମͷঢ়ଶํఔࣜʹ‫͍ͯͮج‬Թ౓ิਖ਼Λͨ͠৔߹ͷ‫ࢉܭ‬஋ʣɽ

Relationship between temperature and output of CO2 sensors(Open symbols mean corrected values based on gas state equation.)౴࣌ؒ͸ɼ‫͕͋ࠩث‬Δ͕ 150 ∼ 280 ඵఔ౓ͱใࠂ͞Εͯ
͍Δʢߔ‫ · ޱ‬େ୩ɼ2005ʣɽ͜ΕΛߟྀ͠ɼඪ४ΨεΛෳ਺ճʹ෼͚ͯ஫ೖͨ͋͠ͱɼ1 ෼ִؒͰ 3 ճҎ্ग़ྗ஋ΛಡΜͩɽ͖ͷγϯϘϧʣɽXP T  = XPTP TP (273 + 25)
=
X
PT
PT 
P (273 + t  )(1)

͜͜ͰɼXPT [mV] ͸ѹྗ P [hPa]ɼԹ౓ T [K] = 298[K] = 25 [◦ C] ͷͱ͖ͷग़ྗ஋Ͱ͋Γɼѹྗ͕ P [hPa]ɼ
Թ౓͕ T  [K]= t  [◦ C] ʹมԽͨ͠৔߹ͷग़ྗ஋Λ XP T [mV] ͱ͢Δɽͨͩ͠ɼFig. 5 Ͱ͸ɼѹྗ͸มԽ͠ͳ͍
ʢP = P ʣͱԾఆͨ͠ɽ
Թ౓ґଘੑࢼ‫ݧ‬த͸νϟϯόʔͷ൶Λ։͚ͳ͔ͬͨͨ

30౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)Α͏ʹ C-BT-GMSʢA, Bʣ಺ͷ GMM221 Λ༻͍ͯಘΒΕͨೋຊͷ௚ઢͷ܏͖ͷฏ‫ۉ‬ʢ−0.8844ʣΛ܏͖ͱ͢Δ௚ઢʹΑͬͯɼC-BT-GMS ग़ྗ஋ͷԹ౓ิਖ਼ΛࢼΈͨɽ‫ج‬४Λ 25 ◦ C ͱఆΊɼνϡʔϒ಺ͷԹ౓ t  ◦ C ͱ‫ج‬४Թ౓ͷࠩ Δt = t  − 25 [◦ C] Λ‫ٻ‬ΊΔɽ25 ◦ C ΑΓ΋ Δt ◦ CߴԹͷͱ͖ɼग़ྗ஋͸ɼΔX = 0.8844 × (Δt) [mV] ௿͘ͳΔɽͦ͜Ͱ t  ◦ C ͷͱ͖ͷग़ྗ஋ = Xt ◦ C [mV] ͔Β ΔX[mV] ΛҾ͖ɼิਖ਼஋ X25◦ C = Xt ◦ C − ΔX [mV] Λ‫ٻ‬Ίͨɽ
·ͱΊΔͱɼ
Fig. 6 25 ˆ৚݅Լͷ CO2 ೱ౓ͱ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷग़ྗ஋ͷؔ܎ɽ

Relationship between CO2 concentration and output of NDIR
CO2 sensors under 25 ˆ condition.

X25◦ C = Xt ◦ C − ΔX = Xt ◦ C − 0.8844 × (t  − 25)(2)ҎԼʹࣔ͢ C-BT-GMS ʹΑͬͯଌఆͨ͠ CO2 ೱ౓ͷ஋͸ɼஅΓ͕ͳ͍‫ݶ‬Γ͸Թ౓ิਖ਼Λࢪͨ͠஋Ͱ͋Δɽ

Fig. 6 ʹຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬ะ৔ʹຒઃͨ͠ 3 ηοτͷ C-BTGMSʢNo.1 ∼ 3ʣͷग़ྗ஋– CO2 ೱ౓ͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯ݁ՌΛࣔ͢ɽFig. 5 ͷΑ͏ʹɼಉ͡‫ܕ‬ͷม‫Ͱث׵‬͋ͬͯ΋ɼಉ͡ೱ౓ԼͰҟͳΔग़ྗ஋Λࣔͨ͢Ίɼग़ྗ஋Λ CO2 ೱ౓ʹ‫͢ࢉ׵‬Δࡍ͸ɼม‫ث׵‬ͷ‫ݸ‬ମ͝ͱʹΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯࣜΛܾఆͨ͠ɽ

Fig. 7ʢaʣʢbʣʹɼʮϑϥογϡʯ‫ޙ‬ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫׵‬‫ͼٴث‬Ψϧόχి஑ࣜ O2 ηϯαͷग़ྗ஋ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽΛࣔ͢ɽͨͩ͠ɼϑϥογϡ࡞‫Ͱۀ‬͸ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ༰ੵͷ 1.5 ഒఔ౓ͷ७ N2 ΨεΛૹΓࠐΉͷʹ໿ 3 ෼
Λཁ͠ɼFig. 7 Ͱ͸ C-BT-GMS ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒʹ७஠ૉΨεΛૹΓࠐΈ࢝Ίͨ࣌఺Λ 0 ෼ͱͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼFig. 7ʢbʣ͸ɼϑϥογϡ։࢝ 2 ෼લ͔Β։࢝‫ ޙ‬20 ෼·Ͱͷ֤ηϯαͷग़ྗ஋มԽΛ֦େ͍ͯࣔͯ͠͠ΔɽγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ʹ N2 ΨεΛૹΓࠐΉͱɼγϦίʔ
Fig. 7 ʮϑϥογϡʯ‫ޙ‬ͷγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺ͷ CO2 ‫ͼٴ‬O2 ೱ౓ͷ‫࣌ܦ‬มԽɽʢN2 Ψε஫ೖ։࢝࣌Λ 0 ෼ͱ͢Δɽʢbʣ
͸ N2 Ψε։࢝ 2 ෼લ͔Β 20 ෼ؒఔ౓Λ֦େͨ͠.ʣ
Changes in outputs of CO2 and O2 sensors during and after substitution of air in theʠsilicone tubeʡ with N2 gas. (b) is theextension of the beginning of substitution. 0 [min.] is the time
when injection of N2 gas was started.

Ίɼνϟϯόʔ಺ͷ CO2 ೱ౓͸ࢼ‫ؒظݧ‬Λ௨ͯ͠΄ͱΜͲมԽ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽͦΕʹ΋ؔΘΒͣɼνϟϯόʔ಺Թ౓ͷมԽʹͱ΋ͳ͍ɼGMM221 ͷग़ྗ஋͸ɼ‫ؾ‬ମͷঢ়ଶํఔࣜʹ‫͞ࢉܭ͍ͯͮج‬ΕΔมԽͱൺ΂ͯେ͖ͳมԽΛࣔͨ͠ɽ͜Ε͸ɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷԹ౓ґଘੑͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽຊࢼ‫Ͱݧ‬ઃఆͨ͠ −10◦ C ͔Β 40 ◦ C ͷൣғͰ͸Թ౓௿Լʹͱ΋ͳ͍ CO ೱ
2౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷग़ྗ஋͸૿Ճ͢Δ܏޲͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕɼҰ࣍ؔ਺ʹΑͬͯߴ͍ܾఆ܎਺ͰۙࣅͰ͖ͨɽଟ߲ࣜ΍ࢦ਺ؔ਺ۙ
ࣅͷ৔߹ɼηϯαʹΑͬͯࢦ਺ɼ܎਺͕ҟͳΔͨΊɼৗʹηϯα‫ݸ‬ମ͝ͱʹԹ౓ิਖ਼ࣜΛఆΊΔඞཁ͕͋ΔɽҰ࣍ؔ਺ۙࣅͷ৔߹΋ηϯαʹΑͬͯ੾ย͕ҟͳΔ͕ɼะ
৔Ͱର৅ͱ͍ͯ͠ΔԹ౓ൣғʢ໿ −5 ◦ C ͔Β໿ 40 ◦ CʣͰ͸܏͖͸΄΅౳͔ͬͨ͠ɽͦ͜Ͱຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼҎԼͷ

Fig. 8 C-BT-GMS ͱΨε࠾औ؅Λ༻͍ͯଌఆͨ͠ਂ͞ 10,
20, 50 cm ʹ͓͚Δ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ ʢ2011 ೥ 6 ݄͔Β 10 ݄ͷਂ͞ 20 cm ‫ ͼٴ‬50 cm ʹ͓͚Δ‫؍‬ଌ஋ͷৼΕ͸ɼ݁ઢͷ؇ΈͷͨΊͱߟ͑ΒΕΔʣɽ

CO2 concentration at depths of 10, 20 and 50cm observed with CBT-GMSs and gas sampling pipes. Fluctuation of observed data
at depths of 20 and 50 cm from Jun. to Oct. 2011 might be due
to loose of wire connection.

࿦จɿখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼Table 1 2010 ೥ 10 ݄͔Β 2011 ೥ 3 ݄ͷɼਂ͞ 10, 20, 50
cm ʹ͓͚Δ݄ฏ‫ۉ‬஍ԹɽMonthly averaged soil temperature at depths of 10ɼ20, and 50
cm from Oct. 2010 to Mar. 2011.

31

͸ 2010 ೥ 9 ݄ 9 ೔ɼಉ೥ 10 ݄ 15 ೔ɼ2011 ೥ 1 ݄ 6
೔ͷ 3 ճ͸ɼ࠾औͨ͠Ψεͷఆྔ݁Ռ͕ C-BT-GMS ͷଌఆ݁ՌΛେ͖͘Լճ͓ͬͯΓɼ͜ΕΒͷ 3 ճ෼Λআ͘
ͱɼ20 cmɼ50 cm ਂʹ͓͚Δ RMSE ͸ͦΕͧΕ 0.0570

10 cm
20 cm
50 cm

Oct.
(2010)

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.
(2011)

Feb.

Mar.

18.4
19.3
20.3

11.4
13.0
15.3

7.2
9.0
11.6

3.0
4.9
8.0

5.2
5.8
7.4

7.7
7.9
8.6

%ɼ0.107 % ͱͳͬͨɽΨεΛ࠾औ͢Δ৔߹͸ɼ࠾औͨ͠ΨεΛӡͿͨΊͷόΠΞϧළͷਅۭ౓ෆ଍ͳͲʹΑͬͯɼΨεͷఆྔ݁Ռ͕௿͘‫ੵݟ‬΋ΒΕΔ໰୊͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ͞ΒʹΨεΫϩϚτάϥϑʹΑΔଌఆਫ਼౓Λ‫צ‬Ҋ͢Δͱɼຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷ C-BT-GMS ͸ैདྷ๏ͱಉ౳͋Δ͍͸ͦΕҎ্ͷਫ਼౓Ͱ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷଌఆ͕Ͱ͖ͨͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ

Table 2 2010 ೥ 10 ݄͔Β 2011 ೥ 3 ݄ͷɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷԹ౓ิਖ਼༗ແʹΑΔ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ଌఆ݁Ռͷ
RMSE [CO2 %] ʢΧοί಺͸ɼRMSE ͷ֤ਂ͞ͷ౔৕த CO2ೱ౓ʢԹ౓ิਖ਼༗ʣʹର͢Δׂ߹ [%]ʣɽ
RMSE of CO2 concentration between with and without temperature correction [CO2 %]. Values in bracket show the ratio [%] of
RMSE to soil CO2 concentration.

ͳ͓ɼ౔৕த͸ৗʹ૬ର࣪౓͕΄΅ 99 % Ҏ্Ͱมಈ͕
ͳ͘ɼ·ͨຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ C-BT-GMS ಺ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯΛ౔৕தͰߦ͍ͬͯΔͨΊɼ‫؍‬ଌ݁Ռʹର͢Δਫৠ‫ؾ‬ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸ແࢹͰ͖Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ
࣍ʹɼCO2 ೱ౓ͷଌఆ݁Ռʹ͍ͭͯ‫ق‬અมಈʹண໨͢
ΔͱɼͲͷਂ͞ʹ͓͍ͯ΋௿Թͷౙ‫ ʹق‬CO2 ೱ౓͕௿͘

Oct.
(2010)

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.
(2011)Feb.

Mar.

ߴԹͷՆʹߴ͘ͳΔ܏޲͕‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ‫ق‬અ

0.0206 0.0140 0.0121 0.0446 0.0401 0.0351
10 cm(9.09) (10.3) (11.0) (158) (64.6) (36.3)
0.0183 0.0279 0.0299 0.0410 0.0389 0.0346
20 cm(3.39) (7.59) (7.27) (22.5) (18.1) (8.38)
0.0121 0.0229 0.0232 0.0351 0.0396 0.0332
50 cm(1.51) (4.04) (3.88) (8.01) (8.38) (6.21)

΋֬ೝ͞Ε͓ͯΓɼඍੜ෺‫׆‬ੑͷԹ౓ґଘੑʹ‫ى‬Ҽ͢Δมಈ͸ɼԕ౻Βʢ2010ʣɼHirano et al.ʢ2003ʣʹ͓͍ͯͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽϯνϡʔϒ಺ͷ CO2 ‫ ͼٴ‬O2 ηϯαͷग़ྗ஋͸଎΍͔ʹTable 1 ʹɼ2010 ೥ 10 ݄͔Β 2011 ೥ 3 ݄ͷɼਂ͞
10ɼ20ɼ50 cm ͷ 1 ϲ݄͝ͱͷฏ‫ۉ‬஍ԹɼTable 2 ʹಉ
͡ 6 ϲ݄ʹ C-BT-GMS Ͱଌఆͨ͠ CO2 ೱ౓ʹ͍ͭͯɼԹ౓ิਖ਼ͷ༗ແͷӨ‫ڹ‬Λ RMSE ͱͯࣔ͢͠ɽซͤͯɼ
RMSE ͷ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ʢԹ౓ิਖ਼༗ʣʹର͢Δׂ߹[%] ΋ࣔ͢ɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸Թ౓ิਖ਼͸ 25 ◦ C Λ‫ج‬४ͱͯ͠௿Լ͠ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒ಺͕΄΅ N2 ΨεʹΑ͓ͬͯΓɼळ͔Βౙʹ͔͚ͯ஍Թ͕௿͘ͳΔ΄ͲԹ౓ิਖ਼ͷຬͨ͞Εͨ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͰ͖ͨɽϑϥογϡ࡞‫ޙۀ‬͸ɼϑϥογϡ௚‫ޙ‬ͷม‫ث׵‬ͷग़ྗ஋ʢిѹ஋ʣΛ CO2 ೱ౓ 0

% ʹ͓͚Δ஋ͱ͠ɼFig. 6 Ͱ֤ࣔͨ͠ઢ‫਺ؔܗ‬ͷ܏͖͸มߋͤͣɼΩϟϦϒϨʔγϣϯࣜͷ੾ยͷΈΛमਖ਼ͨ͠ɽ

Fig. 8 ʹɼ2010 ೥ 8 ݄ 28 ೔͔Β 2011 ೥ 10 ݄ 31 ೔·ͰͷɼC-BT-GMS Ͱଌఆͨ͠ਂ͞ 10ɼ20ɼ50 cm ʹ
͓͚Δ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͱ೔ฏ‫ؾۉ‬Թɼ೔߱ਫྔʢ෎த
ࢢ AMeDAS σʔλʣΛࣔ͢ɽ·ͨɼΨε࠾औ؅Λ༻͍ͯαϯϓϦϯάͨ͠౔৕ۭ‫ؾ‬ͷఆྔ݁Ռʢ2010 ೥ 9 ݄ 9
೔͔Β 2011 ೥ 2 ݄ 4 ೔·Ͱ 10 ճʣ΋ซͤͯࣔ͢ɽͨͩ
͠ɼਂ͞ 10 cm ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ2010 ೥ 10 ݄ 15 ೔ͱ 2011
೥ 1 ݄ 6 ೔ͷೋճ͸ܽଌͰ͋Δɽಉ೔ಉ࣌ࠁʹ͓͚Δɼ
ਂ͞ 10ɼ20ɼ50 cm ͷ C-BT-GMS ͷଌఆ݁ՌͱΨε࠾औ؅Λ༻͍ͨ CO2 ఆྔ݁Ռʹ͍ͭͯೋ৐ฏ‫ۉ‬ฏํࠜ‫ޡ‬
ࠩʢRMSEʣͷฏ‫ۉ‬஋Λࢉग़͢ΔͱɼͦΕͧΕͷਂ͞Ͱ
0.0371ɼ0.145ɼ0.265 % ͱͳͬͨɽVaisala ࣾʹΑΔͱɼ
25 ◦ C ͷ৚݅Լʹ͓͚Δ GMM221 ͷଌఆਫ਼౓͸ɼʮଌఆϨϯδͷ ±1.5 %+ ಡΈ஋ͷ 2 %ʯͱ͞Εɼຊ‫༻Ͱڀݚ‬͍ͨ GMM221ʢCO2 ೱ౓ͷଌఆϨϯδ 0 ∼ 5 %ʣͰ͸
CO2 ೱ౓ 0.075 % ∼ 0.1 % ఔ౓Ͱ͋Δɽਂ͞ 10 cm ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼRMSE ͕͜ͷൣғʹ‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯͨɽଞํɼਂ
͞ 20ɼ50 cm ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼRMSE ͕ 0.075 ∼ 0.1 % Λ্ճͬͨɽͨͩ͠ɼ20 cm Ͱ͸ 2010 ೥ 10 ݄ 15 ೔ɼಉ೥ 11 ݄ 24 ೔ɼ‫ ͼٴ‬2011 ೥ 1 ݄ 6 ೔ͷ 3 ճɼ50 cm ͰӨ‫ڹ‬͸େ͖͘ͳΔɽಛʹਂ͞ 10 cm ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ1 ∼ 3݄ʹɼԹ౓ิਖ਼ͷ༗ແʹΑΔ RMSE ͕౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷ 0.363 ∼1.58 ഒͱେ͖͘ͳͬͨɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹɼNDIR
ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷग़ྗ஋͸Թ౓ʹΑͬͯग़ྗ஋͕ม
Խ͢ΔͨΊɼ೥ؒΛ௨ͯ͠೶஍౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷ࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌΛߦ͏ࡍ͸ɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷग़ྗ஋ʹରͯ͠Թ౓ิਖ਼Λ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δͱ͍͑Δɽ

Fig. 9 ʹ 2010 ೥ 11 ݄ 25 ೔͔Β 10 ೔ؒͷɼਂ͞ 10cm ʹ͓͚Δ஍Թɼ౔৕ਫ෼ྔͱɼO2 ೱ౓ɼCO2 ೱ౓ͷมԽΛࣔ͢ɽ·ͨɼಉ͡‫ؒظ‬ͷ࣌ؒ߱Ӎྔʢ෎தࢢ

AMeDAS σʔλʣ΋ซͤͯࣔ͢ɽͨͩ͠ɼO2 ೱ౓͸ɼग़ྗ஋ʢిѹ஋ʣͰ͍ࣔͯ͠ΔɽCO2 ೱ౓͸ɼԹ౓ͷ೔มಈͱͱ΋ʹ࠷େͰ 0.2 % ఔ౓มಈͨ͠ɽ
·ͨɼ߱Ӎ࣌ʹ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ͕૿Ճ͢ΔͱɼͦΕʹͱ΋ͳ͍౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷ্ঢ‫ ͼٴ‬O2 ೱ౓ͷ௿Լ͕֬ೝ͞
Εͨɽ߱Ӎ࣌ͷ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷ૿Ճ͸‫ط‬ԟͷ‫ʹڀݚ‬͓͍ͯ΋ใࠂ͞Ε͓ͯΓɼମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ૿Ճʹͱ΋ͳ͏‫ؾ‬૬཰௿ԼʹΑΓΨε֦ࢄҠಈ͕཈੍͞ΕΔ͜ͱʢதຊ
Βɼ2002ʣ΍ɼ౔৕ਫ෼ྔ૿Ճʹͱ΋ͳ͍ඍੜ෺‫׆‬ੑ͕ߴ·Δ͜ͱʢԕ౻Βɼ2010ʣͳͲʹΑͬͯઆ໌͞Ε͖ͯͨɽຊ‫౔Ͱڀݚ‬৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͱ O2 ೱ౓Λಉ࣌ʹଌఆͨ݁͠Ռɼຊ‫ڀݚ‬ର৅஍ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɼ߱Ӎ࣌ͷ CO2 ೱ౓૿Ճʹ͸ɼඍੜ෺‫د͕ٵݺ‬༩͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕ࣔࠦ͞Εͨɽ౔৕ͷ෺ཧੑɹୈ 124 ߸ɹ (2013)

32

Fig. 9 ਂ͞ 10 cm ʹ͓͚Δ஍Թ͓Αͼ౔৕ਫ෼ྔมԽͱ౔৕த CO2 ɼO2 ೱ౓มԽɽ
Response of soil CO2 and O2 concentration to soil temperature and moisture at depth of 10 cm.

4. ·ͱΊ
ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼΨεಁաੑथࢷͱ NDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ɼΨϧόχి஑ࣜ O2 ηϯαΛ૊Έ߹Θͤͨνϡʔϒຒઃ‫ܕ‬ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜʢԕ౻Β, 2010ʣΛɼখ‫ܕ‬Խ‫͍ߴͼٴ‬Ԡ౴ੑͱ౔ඃΓѹʹର͢Δ଱ՙॏੑΛ྆
ཱͤ͞Δ͜ͱΛ೦಄ʹվྑ͠ɼϑΟʔϧυʹ͓͚Δད஍
౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼ΛߦͬͨɽԠ౴ੑͷ޲্ͷ

0.363 ∼ 1.58 ഒͱେ͖͘ͳͬͨɽ
೥ؒΛ௨ͨ͠೶஍౔৕தͷ CO2 ೱ౓࿈ଓ‫؍‬ଌʹΑͬͯɼ஍Թͷ‫ق‬અมಈʹͱ΋ͳ͏ CO2 ೱ౓ͷ‫ق‬અมಈ͕‫͞࡯؍‬Εͨɽ·ͨɼ߱Ӎ࣌ʹମੵ‫ؚ‬ਫ཰ͷ૿Ճͱͱ΋ʹ

CO2 ೱ౓͕૿Ճ͢Δ‫ݱ‬৅͕ଊ͑ΒΕͨɽͦͷࡍɼಉ࣌ʹଌఆ͍ͯͨ͠ O2 ೱ౓͸‫ݮ‬গ͓ͯ͠Γɼຊ‫ڀݚ‬ର৅஍ʹ
͓͚Δ߱Ӎ࣌ͷ CO2 ೱ౓ͷ্ঢʹ͸ɼ౔৕ඍੜ෺‫͕ٵݺ‬‫د‬༩͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕ࣔࠦ͞ΕͨɽͨΊʹ͸γϦίʔϯथࢷͷ೑ްΛബ͘͢Δ͜ͱɼ଱ՙॏ

ँࣙੑΛ࣋ͨͤΔͨΊʹ͸νϡʔϒͷ‫౓ڧ‬Λ૿Ճͤ͞Δ͜ͱ
͕ඞཁͰ͋Δɽͦ͜ͰɼϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓʹ

ຊ‫ڀݚ‬ͷҰ෦͸ɼจ෦Պֶল‫ީؾ‬มಈదԠ‫ڀݚ‬ਪਐϓ

೑ް 0.5 mm ͷγϦίʔϯγʔτΛ‫͚͖ͭר‬ɼԁ౵ঢ়ʹϩάϥϜʢ୅ද: ೋ‫ٶ‬ਖ਼࢜ʣ‫ͼٴ‬Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬අิॿۚʢ‫ج‬൫‫ؙ‬ΊͨεςϯϨε੡ͷ໢ΛϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓ

‫ڀݚ‬ʢAʣ, 20248025ɼ୅ද: ‫⃻ٶ‬ɹ‫ج ;ؽ‬൫‫ڀݚ‬ʢBʣ,಺ʹૠೖͯ͠‫౓ڧ‬Λ૿ͨ͠ɽ͜ͷΑ͏ʹγϦίʔϯथࢷ

21380142ɼ୅ද:੢ଜ୓ʣ, ೔ຊֶज़ৼ‫ڵ‬ձಛผ‫ڀݚ‬һՊͷ೑ްΛैདྷʢԕ౻Β, 2010ʣͷ 4 mm ͔Β 0.5 mm ʹֶ‫ڀݚ‬අͷิॿʹΑͬͯߦΘΕ·ͨ͠ɽ౦‫ژ‬େֶେֶӃ

ബ͘͢Δ͜ͱͰɼେ‫ؾ‬தʹ͓͚Δ 95 % ฏߧ࣌ؒΛ 1175೶ֶੜ໋Պֶ‫ڀݚ‬Պੜଶௐ࿨೶ֶ‫ߏػ‬ͷਇ໺ໜࢯɼ‫ٱ‬อ෼͔Β 104 ෼ͱ͓Αͦ 11 ෼ͷ 1 ʹ୹͘Ͱ͖ͨɽͦͯ͠ɼ

ాߒ࢙ࢯʹ͸ะ৔ͷར༻ͰศٓΛਤ͍͖ͬͯͨͩ·͠վྑͨ͠γεςϜΛ೶஍౔৕ʹద༻ͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɼ౔ඃΓͨɽ·ͨɼࠪಡऀͷํʑʹ͸‫ߘݪ‬ͷվగͰଟ͘ͷ͝ҙ‫ݟ‬ѹͷେ͖ͳਂ͞ 50 cm ʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓͝ॿ‫ݴ‬Λ͍͖ͨͩ·ͨ͠ɽ͜͜ʹ‫ँ͠ه‬ҙΛද͠·͢ɽม‫ث׵‬Λอ‫͠ޢ‬ɼCO2 ೱ౓ͷ࿈ଓϞχλϦϯάΛߦ͏͜Ҿ༻จ‫ݙ‬

ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɽ
೶஍౔৕͸ɼ৿ྛ౔৕ͱൺ΂ͯ஍Թͷ೔ɼ೥มಈ͕େ

Alvaro-Fuentes, J., Morell, F.J., Plaza-Bonilla, D., Arrue, J.L. and͖͍͜ͱΛ౿·͑ɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫ث׵‬ͷԹ౓ґଘ

Cantero-Marinez, C. (2012): Modelling tillage and nitrogenੑͷ‫ݕ‬౼Λߦͬͨɽͦͷ݁ՌɼԹ౓ͱग़ྗ஋ʢిѹ஋ʣ

fertilization effects on soil organic carbon dynamics. Soil Tillʹ͸ෛͷ૬͕ؔ͋Γɼ−10 ◦ C ͔Β 40 ◦ C ఔ౓ͷؒͰ͸

Res., 120: 32–39.

ઢ‫ʹ਺ؔܗ‬ΑͬͯۙࣅͰ͖ɼಉ͡‫ܕ‬ͷม‫Ͱث׵‬͸ಉҰͷ

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for the turnover of carbon in soil, In: Powlson, D.S., Smith, P.

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using existing long-term datasets. NATO ASI Series I, vol.38,

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࿦จɿখ‫ܕ‬νϡʔϒຒઃ‫౔ܕ‬৕ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ೶஍౔৕த CO2 Ψεೱ౓มಈͷ‫ݕ‬౼
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Dielectric mixing models. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens-ΑͼͦͷಛੑΛߟྀͨ͠ग़ྗ஋ͷิਖ਼๏. ೶‫ؾۀ‬৅, 61 (4):ing, GE23: 35–46.

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ΨεϞχλϦϯάγεςϜΛ༻͍ͨ߱Ӎ࣌ͷෆ๞࿨ࠇϘΫ৕த CO2 ೱ౓ͷ߱ਫʹ൐͏มԽ. ೔ຊֶٰ࠭ձࢽɼ49(2):౔৕த CO2 Ψεೱ౓มԽͷ‫ݕ‬౼. ೶‫ۀ‬೶ଜ޻ֶձ࿦จूɼ

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ੑ༗‫ػ‬ଶ୸ૉͷ໾ׂ—ඍੜ෺ʹΑΔೋࢎԽ୸ૉੜ࢈ͱͷؔ

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ࢫ౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓มಈΛ‫ݕ‬౼͢ΔͨΊɼΨεಁաੑΛ༗͢γϦίʔϯνϡʔϒɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫׵‬‫ͼٴث‬Ψϧόχి஑ࣜ O2 ೱ౓ηϯαΛ༻͍ͨখ‫ܕ‬ͷ౔৕Ψεೱ౓ଌఆγεςϜΛ࡞੒ͨ͠ɽຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɼγϦίʔϯνϡʔϒͷ೑ްΛैདྷͷಉ༷ͷγεςϜͷ 4 mm ͔Β 0.5 mm ʹബ͘͠ɼͦͷࡍɼϓϥενοΫϝογϡύΠϓͱεςϯϨε੡໢ԁ౵Λਊͱͯ͠ຒઃ࣌ͷ౔ඃΓѹʹ଱͑Δ‫౓ڧ‬Λ֬อͨ͠ɻ
ͦͷ݁Ռɼେ‫ؾ‬தͰνϡʔϒ಺֎ͷ CO2 ೱ౓͕ 95 % ೱ౓ฏߧʹୡ͢Δ࣌ؒΛɼैདྷͷ 1175 ෼͔Β
104 ෼ʹ୹ॖͰ͖ͨɽ৽γεςϜΛ༻͍ད஍೶஍౔৕த CO2 ೱ౓࿈ଓଌఆΛ೥ؒΛ௨ͯ͠ߦͬͨͱ͜
Ζɼ߱Ӎ࣌ʹ‫ ͳܹٸ‬CO2 ೱ౓্ঢ͕‫͞࡯؍‬Εͨɽಉ࣌ʹ O2 ೱ౓௿Լ͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕͨͨΊɼ߱Ӎʹର͢Δ
CO2 ೱ౓ͷԠ౴͸ɼඍੜ෺‫د͕ٵݺ‬༩͍ͯ͠Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽΩʔϫʔυɿCO2 ɼ౔৕‫ٵݺ‬ɼΨεಁաੑνϡʔϒɼϑΟʔϧυϞχλϦϯάɼNDIR ࣜ CO2 ೱ౓ม‫׵‬‫ث‬