工2024A1/31英語（令和６年度）工入学学試部

験問題

Ａ日程１月31日

英注

語意事項

１．試験監督者の指示があるまで，問題冊子を開かないこと。
２．問題冊子に落丁，乱丁があった場合は，試験監督者に申し出ること。
３．試験監督者の指示に従って，解答用紙の受験番号欄に受験番号を記入し，その下のマーク欄にもマークすること。
４．受験番号が正しくマークされていない場合は，採点できないことがある。
５．マーク方式の解答方法は，下の『解答上の注意』をよく読むこと。
６．試験終了後，問題冊子は持ち帰ること。

解答上の注意マーク方式での解答例〔英語〕解答群より，3をマークするときは，次の〔例〕のように解答欄の3にマークする。
〔例〕

１124567890

英語

Ⅰ．次の英文を読み，問Ａ . 問Ｂ . に答えよ（＊印を付した単語には注がある）。なお本文の内容は 2023 年 3 月時点のものである。
Using five locks of hair, scientists have sequenced the genome of one of history’s
greatest musical composers — Ludwig van Beethoven — nearly two centuries after his
death, gaining insight into his fatal liver disease but not his hearing loss.
Researchers said on March 22 his genome showed the German composer was
１
genetically predisposed* to liver disease and had the hepatitis B* virus
infection. An autopsy after his 1827 death at age 56 in Vienna determined he had
cirrhosis of the liver*, a disease often caused by chronic drinking. The new findings
suggest there were multiple factors behind his liver disease including genetics, viral
infection and alcohol consumption.
“Beethoven’s liver disease risk, which arises predominately from mutations*in two genes — PNPLA 3 and HFE — would have roughly tripled his risk for thefull spectrum of progressive liver disease,” said University of Cambridge biologicalanthropologist Tristan Begg, lead author of the study published in the journal CurrentBiology. “On their own, these risk factors are not of great concern to most people whohave them, but there would have been a harmful interaction effect with his alcohol
２consumption,” Begg added. “to this study, alcohol was the only definitelyknown risk factor for Beethoven’s liver disease.” The presence of the hepatitis B virus,
incorporated into Beethoven’s genome, indicated a liver infection at least a few months
before his death and maybe earlier.
Beethoven experienced progressive hearing loss starting at age 29 and by 44 hishearing loss was complete, though he continued to compose masterpieces. “We wereultimately unable to find a genetic explanation for Beethoven’s hearing loss, though
this by no means precludes such an explanation, as several possible explanations
could not be reliably or comprehensively evaluated,” Begg said. There was no evidence
found for conditions hypothesized by some experts such as otosclerosis or Paget’s
disease*, Begg said.
A towering figure in the history of Western civilization, Beethoven was a brilliant
３and innovative composer of symphonies, sonatas, concertos and other pieces,with a single opera. Many of his works have become ４ , including his Symphonies
No. 5, No. 6 and No. 9, Moonlight Sonata and Fur Elise. In 1802, Beethoven asked ina document called the Heiligenstadt Testament* that his doctor publicly describe hishearing loss and other health issues after his death so that “as far as possible at least
the world will be reconciled to me.”“Beethoven’s music continues to inspire millions nearly 200 years after his death,”
５Begg said. “It was valuable to carry
this study first to attempt to satisfy
Beethoven’s own wishes regarding the understanding of his health, but also in theinterests of more accurately conveying the facts of his biography, which was also ofconcern to him.”
The researchers analyzed eight locks of hair from public and private collectionsin the United States and Europe, determining that five of them matched and were
almost certainly authentic as his. The best- preserved one, called the Stumpff Lockbased on the name of a man who once possessed it, was used to sequence his genome.
“The DNA was really degraded*,” said study coauthor Johannes Krause, director ofthe Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. “It was reallyhard to actually get enough DNA from such a sample to assemble a genome. We had toextract the DNA from more than 2 meters of hair from one of the locks, the so- called
Stumpff Lock,” Krause added. The study did not pinpoint a cause for gastrointestinal*−1−issues Beethoven experienced, finding no predisposition*, for example, to Crohn’sdisease or ulcerative colitis*.
（出典：Reuters, “Locks of Beethoven’s hair offer symphony of genetic health data,” TheJapan News, March 29, 2023 一部改変）
Used with permission of Reuters News & Media Inc., from “Locks of hair compose asymphony of genetic information on Beethoven”, Will Dunham, Reuters, March 23,2023; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
hepatitis B B型肝炎
注：predispose 〜を（病気に）かかりやすくさせる
cirrhosis of the liver 肝硬変
mutation 変異
otosclerosis or Paget’s disease 耳硬化症またはページェット病
Heiligenstadt Testament ハイリゲンシュタットの遺書（ベートーヴェンが残した手紙）
degraded 退化したgastrointestinal 胃腸のpredisposition （〜しやすい）体質
Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis クローン病または潰瘍性大腸炎

問Ａ．文中の １ 〜 ５
解答欄にマークせよ。に入れるのにもっとも適当なものを，1〜4の中から選び，

１

1 downstairs

2 both3 abroad4 together

２1 Owing

2 Inferior

3 Junior

4 Prior３

1 along

2 during

3 between

4 until

４1 congressional

2 abnormal

3 immortal

4 professional

５1 in

2 down3 over

4 out

問Ｂ．６. 〜 15. の各文が本文の内容に合っていれば解答欄の1にマークし，合っていなけ
れば解答欄の2にマークせよ。
６．Researchers analyzed Beethoven’s genome and managed to determine the causeof not only his liver disease but also his hearing loss.
７．According to the article, Beethoven’s DNA sequence reveals that the composer
was genetically subject to liver disease.
８．The new findings show that Beethoven’s chronic drinking was a crucial factor in
his liver disease.
９．Tristan Begg thinks that mutations in PNPLA3 and HFE might have heightened
the risk of Beethoven’s liver disease.
10．Even hearing loss never deprived Beethoven of his incomparable creativity.
11．The author is sure that it will be possible for researchers to make clear a genetic
cause for Beethoven’s hearing loss in the not- so- distant future.
12．Beethoven wanted his own health conditions kept secret while he was alive.
13．Beethoven boldly announced the state of his health in the Heiligenstadt
Testament.
14．According to Begg, Beethoven was eager to write his autobiography while sick inbed.
15．The Stumpff lock was the most suitable of all the locks of hair for the extractionof Beethoven’s DNA.
−2−

Ⅱ．次の１. 〜 ５. の日本文の意味の英文を，書き出しの語句に続けて下にある語句を並に入れるべきものはどれか。解答欄にマークせよ。

べかえて作るとした場合，１．携帯電話を見ながら運転をして事故を起こすとは彼女も愚かだった。
It wasthen cause an accident.
1 while2 of16

her cellphone and17

3 stupid

4 her

5 looking at

6 to drive

２．コンビニの隣の美容室でパーマをかけた。
I18

1 a beauty salon2 permed

next to the convenience store.

19

3 at

4 my

5 had

6 hair３．娘に歯磨きの最中は水を出しっ放しにしないように言った。
I told my daughter
brushing her teeth.
1 the water

2 leave3 to

she was21

20

4 while5 running

6 not

４．その画家は最新作の完成に心血を注いでいる。
The artist
1 himself

22

2 his

3 is

latest work.

23

4 completing

5 devoting

6 to

５．洪水で30軒もの家が押し流された。
No
1 away24

2 washedby the flood.

25

3 were4 than26

27

３．We buy gasoline

the liter.

４．Do you believe

28
29

５．We will have to focus［語群：1 on2 at

his doctor’s advice.

a creative solution.

２．The scientist came up

UFOs?
30

3 toimmigration problems.
4 with−3−

6 lessの中にどのような語を入れたらよ

Ⅲ．次の１. 〜 ５. の英文の意味が通じるためには，いか。下の語群から選び，解答欄にマークせよ。
１．The patient paid no attention

5 thirty houses

5 in6 by］

Ⅳ．１. 〜 ５. の英文の説明に該当する英単語を下の語群［1〜0］から選び，解答欄にマークせよ。
１．the rate at which someone or something moves or operates or is able to move oroperate＝ 31
２．a colored fluid or paste used for writing, drawing, printing, or duplicating＝32＝
４．the faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information

33

３．the length of the space between two points＝ 34
５．a rectangular cloth bag stuffed with feathers or other soft materials, used tosupport the head when lying and sleeping＝［語群：1 melancholy

35

2 species

3 ink

4 disease

5 pillow

6 individuality

7 speed

8 memory

9 distance

0 pillar ］

Ⅴ．36. 〜 40. の英単語の一番強く発音する個所はどこか。解答欄にマークせよ。
36．ed・u・cate1

2

37．in・her・it

3

1

39．in・fe・ri・or
1

2

3

4

2

38．cat・e・go・ry

3

1

40．so・phis・ti・cat・ed
1

2−4−

3

4

52

34