䠘ㄽᩥ䠚㻌 䢢䢢䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢䢢䢢䢢䢢䢢䢢䢢䢢䢢䢢䢢䢢䢢䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 JAITS䢢᪥ᮏㄒ凟儽儬儮兄ㄒ僔཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ僑ぢ僯僲僱᫂♧໬儝儬免優儜兠䢢䢢儔儌兗兟兘儅兗兟優儇兟元兗䢢㸦ᮾிእᅜㄒ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⥲ྜᅜ㝿Ꮫ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬㸧  
Information explicitation is a popular methodology in interpretation. Studies on thisprocess tend to focus on common language pairs, often including English, but there
has never been a research conducted on minority languages such as Thai, Vietnamese,
Indonesian, etc. During this study, we collected data about the interpretation fromJapanese to Vietnamese and vice versa, identif ied, categorized and evaluated theeffectiveness of the information explicitation strategies used in the interpretation
process of Japanese - Vietnamese language pair.
1ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
 ㏻ヂ⪅࣭⩻ヂ⪅ࡢ௙஦ࡣࠊ༢⣧࡞ゝㄒࢥ࣮ࢻኚ᥮సᴗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐇ㝿ࠊ┦஫⌮ゎࢆຓࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ゝⴥࡢ⾲㠃ⓗ࡞ព࿡ࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ఍ヰཧຍ⪅ࡢゝㄒ࣭ᩥ໬ࡢ
ࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆ⿵࠾࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊඛ
⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྛゝㄒ㛫ࡢヂฟ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚୙
ྍḞ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ ࠊࡑࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡣࠊ୺࡟ⱥㄒࢆᑐ㇟࡜
ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢱ࢖ㄒࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ➼ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡀࡕ
࡞ゝㄒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢ◊✲ࡀࡲࡔ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋゝㄒ࡜ࢥ࣑ࣗ
ࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᩥ໬ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢ౑⏝ᐇែࡶኚࢃࡿࡓࡵࠊ
ゝㄒูࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ í࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ㛫ࡢヂฟ㐣⛬
㸦㏻ヂ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡀࠊඛ⾜◊✲࡛ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡋࡘࡘඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢศ㢮ࢆ෌᳨ウࡋࠊ᭦࡟ࡑ
ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᥀ࡾୗࡆ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
2㸬◊✲┠ⓗ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒí࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ཮᪉ྥࡢ㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢฟ⌧≉ᚩࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ᫂
♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿሙྜࡢຠᯝࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ࠸ࠋຠᯝ࡟ࡣࠊ

NGUYEN Van Thi Minh, “ Information explicitation strategies used in the interpretation
process of Japanese - Vietnamese language pair,” Interpreting and Translation Studies , No.
14, 2014. pages 15-35 . © by the Japan Association for Interpreting and Translation Studies

1515

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)ᐈほⓗ࡟ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ព࿡ఏ㐩ຠᯝ࡜୺ほⓗ࡟ࡋ࠿ホ౯࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ
ࣙࣥຠᯝࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ๓⪅ࡢࡳࢆ⪃៖࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋ    
3㸬ඛ⾜◊✲ཬࡧᮏ◊✲ࡢ❧ሙ
3.1 ᫂♧໬⌧㇟ࡢᤊ࠼᪉ ᫂♧໬࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆึࡵ࡚ᥦၐࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊVinay 㸤 Darbelnet㸦1958㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼ
ࡽࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ᫂♧໬ࡣࠕཎᩥ࡟₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ᝟ሗࢆࠊヂᩥ࡟⾲ฟࡍࡿ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑ
ࡢ᝟ሗࡣࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺཬࡧሙ㠃≧ἣ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸦Vinay & Darbelnet
1958, 1995:342 㸧࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋVinay & Darbelnet 㸦1958㸧ࡢ◊✲ࢆࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜ࡋ᫂
♧໬ࡢ⌧㇟ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿⱥㄒࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ᭱
ึ࡟య⣔ⓗ࡞◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊBlum-Kulka㸦1986㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋBlumKulka ࡣࠊ᫂♧໬ࡢ௬ㄝ㸦Explicitation hypothesis㸧ࢆᥦၐࡋࠊࠕ⩻ヂࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ
㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊヂᩥࡣཎᩥࡼࡾ෕㛗࡟࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢཎᅉࡣཎᩥࡼࡾヂᩥࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ⤖᮰ᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚᫂♧ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ᫂♧໬⌧㇟ࡣࠊࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢᵓ㐀ࡸゝㄒࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟㛵ಀ࡞ࡃࠊ⩻ヂࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ෆᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸦BlumKulka, 1986:19)㹙Liu2010:122 ヂ ࡟ࡼࡿ㹛࡜ᤊ࠼ࠊ᫂♧໬ࢆࠕ᫂♧໬࡜ࡣヂฟᩥࡀཎᩥࡼࡾ᫂♧ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣవ๫ⓗ࡟࡞ࡿ⌧㇟࡛ࠊ2ࡘࡢゝㄒయ⣔ࡢ┦㐪࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚲ
↛ⓗ࡟㉳ࡁࡿሙྜ࡜ゝㄒࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㉳ࡁࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ㸦ⰼᒸࠊ1999㸦ヂ㸧࡟ࡼࡿ㸧࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋࡓࠋBlum-Kulka ࡢ᫂♧໬ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ❧ሙࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊ
Baker㸦1993㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋBakerࡣ᫂♧໬ࡢᬑ㐢ᛶࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Baker, 1993:243㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊĭveras (1998㸧ࡣBlum-Kulka㸦1986㸧ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓ᫂♧໬ࡢ௬ㄝࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࠕⱥㄒ࡜ࣀ࢚࣮ࣝ࢘ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥࡢࣃࣛࣞࣝࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢ୧ゝㄒ㛫ࡢ⩻ヂ㐣⛬࡟⌧ࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠖ(Liu, 2010㸧ࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝࡣࠊ2ࡘࡢゝㄒࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ᫂♧໬⌧㇟ࡀ⩻ヂ㐣⛬࡟ෆᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊBlum-Kulkaࡢ௬ㄝࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿ⤖ᯝࢆᑟ࠸ࡓࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ Blum-Kulka ࡢ ᫂♧໬⌧㇟ࡢᤊ࠼᪉࡟㈶ྠࡋ࡞࠸◊✲⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿࠋ Séguinot(1988) ࡣ Blum-Kulka ࡀゝཬࡋࡓࠕవ๫ࡉࠖࡀ⊃ࡍࡂࡿ࡜ᢈุࡋࠊ᫂♧໬ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ ෕ 㛗 ࡔ ࡅࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜཯ ㄽ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ᭦ ࡟ ࠊ ᙼ ዪ ࡣ ࠕ ௜ ຍ(Addition) ࡀ᫂♧໬ࡢ၏ ୍ࡢᡭẁ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊཎᩥ࡟࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆヂᩥࡢ୰࡟⾲ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟᫂ ♧໬࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊཎᩥ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿព࿡ࡸ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶࠼࡚ ヂฟࡍࡿ࠿ࠊཎᩥࡢ࠶ࡿせ⣲࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓࡾࠊᙉㄪࡋࡓࡾࠊゝ ⴥ ࢆ 㑅 ᢥ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊヂᩥࡢ୰࡛ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㒊ศࢆ㝿❧ࡓࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ୍✀ࡢ᫂♧໬࡛࠶ࡿࠖ(Seguinot, 1988:106) 㹙Liu, 2010:123㸦ヂ㸧࡟ࡼࡿ㹛࡜ࡶ୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊMunday (2009) ࡶBlum-Kulka࡜᫂♧໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ␗࡞ࡿᤊ࠼᪉ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ
ࡓࠋMunday (2009) ࡛ࡣࠊ᫂♧໬ࡣ㉳Ⅼࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛ྵពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࢆ┠ᶆࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛ゝㄒ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

1616᪥ᮏㄒ㸫࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮


3.2 ᫂♧໬ࡢศ㢮
 Klaudy 㸦 1993 ࠊ 1996 ࠊ 1998 㸧 ࡣ ᫂ ♧ ໬ ࢆ ⩏ ົ ⓗ ᫂ ♧ ໬ 㸦 Obligatory
explicitation 㸧 ࠊ ௵ ព ⓗ ᫂ ♧ ໬ 㸦 Optional explicitation 㸧 ࠊ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ᫂ ♧ ໬ 㸦
Pragmatic explicitation 㸧 ࠊ ⩻ ヂ ࣭ ㏻ ヂ ࡟ ෆ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ᫂ ♧ ໬ 㸦 Translation-inherent
explicitation㸧࡜࠸࠺ 4 ✀㢮ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬㸸 ㉳Ⅼゝㄒ࡜┠ᶆゝㄒࡢᩥἲⓗ࣭ㄒᙡⓗ࡞㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉳ࡁࡿࡶࡢࠋ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬㸸㉳Ⅼゝㄒ࡜┠ᶆゝㄒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩥࡢᵓᡂࡢ௙᪉ࡸࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ
ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉳ࡁࡿࡶࡢࠋ

ㄒ⏝ㄽⓗ᫂♧໬㸸 ㏻ヂࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢཧຍ⪅ࡢᩥ໬࣭♫఍ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉳ࡁࡿࡶࡢࠋ
⩻ヂ࣭㏻ヂ࡟ෆᅾࡍࡿ᫂♧໬㸸⩻ヂ࣭㏻ヂࡢ㐣⛬⮬యࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢ Klaudy ࡟ࡼࡿ㏻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᫂♧໬ࡢୗ఩ศ㢮࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊBecher㸦2010㸧ࡣ⩻ヂ࡟ෆᅾࡍࡿ᫂♧໬ࡢᏑᅾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௬ㄝࢆᙉࡃྰᐃࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⩻ヂ࡟ෆᅾࡍࡿ
᫂♧໬࡜ㄒ⏝ㄽⓗ࡞᫂♧໬ࠊ௵ពⓗ࡞᫂♧໬ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡟ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸
࡜ Becher㸦2010㸧ࡣᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋ ୍᪉ࠊPym㸦2005㸧ࡶ᫂♧໬ࡀ⩏ົⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡿ᪉␎ࡔ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡘࡘ ࡶࠊKlaudy㸦 1998 㸧࡜ࡣ␗ ࡞ࡾࠊ⩏ ົⓗ᫂ ♧໬࡜௵ ពⓗ᫂♧ ໬࡜ࡢ 2 ✀㢮 ࡔࡅ࡟ ศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋ
Pym㸦2005㸧࡟ࡼࡿ⩏ົⓗ࡞᫂♧໬ࡢᐃ⩏ࡣ Klaudy㸦1998㸧࡜࡯ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㉳Ⅼゝㄒ࡜┠ᶆゝㄒࡢᩥἲⓗ࡞㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉳ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᐃ⩏࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௵ព
ⓗ࡞᫂♧໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ Klaudy㸦1998㸧ࡢㄒ⏝ㄽⓗ࡞᫂♧໬ࡢᐃ⩏࡜ྠࡌࡶࡢࢆᥦ
♧ࡋࡓࠋ༶ࡕࠊ Pym㸦 2005㸧࡟ࡼࡿ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡣ㉳Ⅼゝㄒ࡜┠ᶆゝㄒࡢ఍ヰཧຍ⪅ ࡢ ᩥ ໬ ཬ ࡧ ♫ ఍ ▱ ㆑ ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ㉳ ࡁ ࡿ ࡜ ᐃ ⩏ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ Frankenberg-Garcia
㸦 2009 㸧 ࡣ Pym 㸦 2005 㸧 ࡜ ྠ ᵝ ࡢ ศ 㢮 ᪉ ἲ ࢆ ᥇ ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࠊ ௵ ព ⓗ ࡞ ᫂ ♧ ໬ ࡣFrankenberg-Garcia㸦 2009㸧࡛ࡣࠊࠕ Voluntary explicitationࠖ (⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞᫂♧໬㸧࡜ྡ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ព㆑ⓗ࠿↓ព㆑ⓗ࠿࡜࠸࠺ูࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊ᫂♧໬ࢆศ㢮ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡶ࠶
ࡿࠋKlaudy & Károly㸦2005㸧 ࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡞⌧㇟ (Automatic operation㸧࡜ព㆑ⓗ࡟౑࠺ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ᫂♧໬ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ᫂♧໬ࢆࢫࢺࣛ ࢸ ࢪ ࣮ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᤊ ࠼ ࡿ ◊ ✲ ⪅ ࡶ ከ ࠸ 㸦 Weissbrod 1992, Vehmas-Lehto 2001, Pápai
2004, Pym 2005 㸧 ࠋ ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊ Blum-Kulka (1986), Baker (1993), Shlesinger(1995), Ishikawa (1999) ➼ ࡣ ୺ ࡟ ᫂ ♧ ໬ ࢆ ᚲ ↛ ⓗ ࡞ ⌧ ㇟ 㸦 By-product oflanguage

mediation㸧 㸦Gumul 2006㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
 ୖ㏙ࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊ᫂♧໬ࢆ኱ࡁࡃศ㢮ࡋࡓ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
ྛゝㄒ࣌࢔㛫ࡢ㏻ヂ࣭⩻ヂ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࠊヲ⣽ศ㢮ࢆヨࡳࡓ◊✲ࡶ࠸ࡘࡃ࠿ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋOlohan & Baker㸦2000㸧ࡣ௚ゝㄒ࠿ࡽⱥㄒ࡬⩻ヂࡍࡿࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࢆᑐ
1717

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)㇟࡟ศᯒࡋࠊ᫂♧໬ࢆㄒᙡⓗࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜⤫ㄒⓗࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ศࡅࠊ᭦࡟ࡑࡢୗ఩ศ㢮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊㄒᙡࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ᫂♧໬ࡢୗ఩ศ㢮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᩥ໬ⓗ࡞᝟ሗࠊㄝ᫂ⓗ࡞ㄒᙡ࡜᥋⥆モࠊᩥࡢ෌ᵓ⠏ࠊ཯᚟ࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛ゝཬࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆ≉ᐃࡋࡓゝ࠸᪉ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⤫ㄒㄽⓗ࡞ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ᫂♧໬࡛ࡣࠊᩥࢆ᫂♧ⓗ࡟♧ࡍࡓࡵࡢ௵ពⓗ࡞ㄒᙡࡢせ⣲ࢆ௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀከ࠸࡜ࡉࢀࠊ୺⠇࡜ᚑᒓ⠇ࡢᚑᒓ㛵ಀࡢᙉ໬ࠊሗ࿌ືモ 㸦Reporting verbs like say/tell㸧 ࡞࡝ࡢ᪉␎ࡀࡇࡢ㢮ࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ⰼᒸ 㸦1999㸧ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ íⱥㄒࡢ㏻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᫂♧໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢึࡵ࡚ࡢ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋⰼᒸࡣ᫂♧໬ࢆㄝ᫂ⓗ᝟ሗࡢ㏣ຍࠊ┬␎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᝟ሗࡢ᫂♧ࠊࡼࡾ᫂☜࡞ᣦ♧࡜࠸
࠺ 3 ࡘࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟ศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ⰼᒸ㸦2000㸧࡛ࡣࠊ᫂♧໬᪉␎ࢆࡼࡾ⣽࠿ࡃศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊⰼᒸ 㸦2000㸧࡛ࡣࠊ᫂♧໬᪉␎ࡣࠊㄯヰࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ᫂♧໬᪉␎࡜ㄒᙡࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ᫂♧໬᪉␎ࠊᩥ໬ᅛ᭷ࡢ஦㇟ࡢ᫂♧໬ࠊᐇ⏝ⓗ᫂♧໬ࠊᩥᏐ᝟
ሗࡢ᫂♧໬㸦ᨺ㏦㏻ヂ≉᭷ࡢ᫂♧໬㸧ࠊពᅗࡏࡠ᫂♧໬㸦࣏࣮ࢬࠊ࠶࣮ࠊ࠼࣮➼㸧࡟኱ูࡉࢀࠊ᭦࡟ㄯヰࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ᫂♧໬࡛ࡣࠊ᝟ሗࡢ᚟ඖࠊᙉㄪࠊ᝟ሗࡢ㏣ຍࡢ 3 ✀㢮ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࠊㄒᙡࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ᫂♧໬࡟ࡣ௦ྡモ࡟ࡼࡿᣦ♧࡜ㄒᙡࡢ཯᚟ࠊᅛ᭷ྡࡢ᫂♧໬ࡀୗ఩ࡢ✀㢮࡜ࡋ࡚ศ㢮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⰼᒸ㸦2000㸧࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊࠕ᭱ࡶ㢖⦾࡟ぢࡽࢀࡓ᫂♧໬ࡣᣦ♧ᑐ㇟ࡢ᫂♧࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࢸ࢟ࢫࢺእ᝟ሗࡢ᫂♧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᩥ໬ⓗ஦㇟ࡢ᫂♧໬ࡀ┠❧ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᙼࡶㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢧࣥࣉࣝ
ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡢ୍࡛⯡໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡯࠿ࠊ᫂♧໬ࢆㄆᐃࡍࡿᇶ‽ࡶࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡚
࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
3.3 ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ୙ഛ࡞Ⅼ ᫂♧໬ࡣᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀࠋࡑࡢከࡃࡀⱥ
ㄒ࡜࡯࠿ࡢゝㄒࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ◊✲ࡢᩘࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ୍⯡໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋゝㄒࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎ᫂♧໬ࡀヂฟࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ෆᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ Blum-Kulka㸦1986㸧ࡢ௬ㄝࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊⱥㄒࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ௚ࡢゝㄒࡶ⪃៖࡟ධࢀࠊ◊✲ᑐ㇟ࡢ⠊ᅖࢆᣑ኱ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛ᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ᫂♧໬ࡢᐃ⩏ࡸศ㢮᪉ἲ࡟ࡣ୙᫂࡞Ⅼࡀከࡃṧࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛ࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿ
ࡢࡣ㐺ᙜ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ๓⠇࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊKlaudy㸦1998㸧 ࡣ᫂♧໬ࢆ 4 ✀㢮࡟኱ูࡋࡓࡀࠊㄒ⏝ㄽⓗ᫂♧໬࡜௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢ㐪࠸ࠊෆᅾࡍࡿ᫂♧໬ࡢᐃ⩏ࡀ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡾࠊ᫂♧໬ࡢヲ⣽ศ㢮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ◊✲ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࠊྛ✀㢮ࡢᐃ⩏ཬࡧㄝ᫂ࡀ୙᫂░࡛࠶ࡿࠋⰼᒸࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠕᙉㄪࠖ࡜ࠕㄒᙡࡢ཯᚟ࠖ࡟ࡣ㔜࡞ࡿ㒊ศࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᙼࡀᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠕពᅗࡏࡠ᫂♧໬㸦࣏࣮ࢬࠊ࠶࣮ࠊ࠼࣮➼㸧ࠖࡶ࡞ࡐ᫂♧໬࡜ࡋ࡚ぢ࡞ࡏࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ุ᩿ᇶ‽ࡀ᫂☜࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ୺࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫂♧໬ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ୰ᚰ
࡛࠶ࡾࠊྛ✀㢮ࡢ᫂♧໬ࡢฟ⌧≉ᚩཬࡧ᫂♧໬࡟క࠺㏻ヂຠᯝࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣṤ࡝ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ᫂♧໬ࡢྛ✀㢮ࡢฟ⌧≉ᚩࠊཬࡧࡑࡢ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢά⏝࡟కࡗ18
18᪥ᮏㄒ㸫࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮
ࡓຠᯝࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㏻ヂ࣭⩻ヂ㣴ᡂ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ᭦࡟῝ࡃ᥀ࡾୗࡆࡿ
◊✲ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

3.4 ᮏ◊✲ࡢ❧ሙ ᮏ◊✲࡛ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺᫂♧໬ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ➹⪅ࡣࠊPym㸦2005㸧 ࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿ❧ሙ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᫂♧໬ࢆࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᐃ⩏࡟ᚑ࠸ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒí࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫂♧໬ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋ
㉁ⓗศᯒ࡜㔞ⓗศᯒࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡈ࡜ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊ
ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡇࢀࡲ࡛◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ᫂♧໬ࡢά⏝࡟క࠺ຠᯝࡶ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ௨ୗ࡟ᮏ◊✲࡛౑࠺᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢᐃ⩏ࠊศ㢮᪉ἲཬࡧ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮
ࡢά⏝࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝࡢᐃ⩏ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋ
࠙᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢᐃ⩏ࠚ᫂♧໬࡜ࡣࠊヂฟ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊゝㄒయ⣔ࡢ┦㐪ࡸ఍ヰཧຍ⪅ࡢ♫఍࣭ᩥ໬▱㆑ࡢ┦㐪ࢆ⿵࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊ┦ᡭ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡉࢆᕤኵࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚෇⁥࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ
࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠺᭱⤊ⓗ࡞┠ᶆࡢࡓࡵ࡟ព㆑ⓗࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ↓ព㆑ⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡉࢀࡿࢫࢺࣛ
ࢸࢪ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠙᫂♧໬ࡢศ㢮᪉ἲࠚᮏ◊✲ࡣ Pym㸦2005㸧ࡢศ㢮᪉ἲ࡟ೌ࠸ࠊ᫂♧໬ࢆࠕ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖ࡜ࠕ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖ࡟኱ࡁࡃศ㢮ࡍࡿࠋࠕ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖ࡜ࠕ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖࡢᐃ⩏ࡶᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ
Pym㸦 2005㸧࡜࡯ࡰྠࡌࡶࡢࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋࠕ⩏ົⓗ ᫂♧໬ࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ㉳Ⅼゝㄒ࡜┠ᶆゝㄒࡢᩥἲⓗ࡞㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉳ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ㏻ヂࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢཧຍ⪅ࡢᩥ໬࣭♫఍ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉳ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࡣࠊ⪺ࡁᡭ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡉࢆᕤኵࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟౑ࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊOlohan㸦2000㸧ࠊⰼᒸ㸦1999ࠊ2000㸧ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࠊࠕ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖࡢୗ఩
ศ㢮ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࠕ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖࡣணഛㄪᰝ᳨࡛ドࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊṤ࡝ࡣ୺ㄒ࡜┠ⓗㄒࡢ᫂☜໬ࡢሙྜ࡟㝈ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣୗ఩ศ㢮ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸ࠋ࠙᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢά⏝࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝࠚ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢά⏝࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝࡣ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡀ⌧ࢀࡓヂᩥࡢᙧᘧࣞ࣋ࣝࡢព࿡ఏ㐩ຠᯝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿࠋព࿡ఏ㐩ຠᯝࡣ㉳Ⅼࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢព࿡
ࢆ༑ศ࡟ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ᇶ‽࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࠕ୙㊊ࠖ࠿ࠕ༑ศࠖࠊࡲࡓࡣࠕ㐣๫ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ 3 ẁ㝵࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ4㸬◊✲᪉ἲ
4.1ᐇ㦂ࡢᴫせ

1919

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014) ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ㸫᪥ᮏㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡀ౑ࢃࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㏻ヂࡢሙ㠃ࢆタᐃࡋࠊࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛
㏻ヂ᫬ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ཰㞟ࡋࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ 1 ྡࡢ᪥ᮏே࡜ 1 ྡࡢ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ேࡀணࡵタᐃࡉࢀࡓሙ㠃࡛఍ヰࢆࡋࠊࡑࡢ 2 ேࡢ㛫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂࡍࡿ 1ྡࡢ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ேࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࢆ⨨࠸ࡓࠋࢹ࣮ࢱ཰㞟࡟༠ຊࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ6 ྡࡢ㏻ヂ⪅࡜఍ヰ⪅ᙺࢆ₇ࡌࡓ 1 ྡࡢ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ே㸦⏨ᛶ࣭20 ௦ᚋ༙㸧࡜ 1 ྡࡢ᪥ᮏே㸦ዪᛶ࣭60 ௦๓༙㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ⤒㦂⪅㸦ዪᛶ࣭20 ௦ᚋ༙ࠥ30 ௦㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ3 ᖺ௨ୖ㏻ヂࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ᫬㛫㔞ࡣ 20 ศ๓ᚋ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ࡇࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ 2011 ᖺ 8 ᭶ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢࣁࣀ࢖ᕷ࡛཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ
⏨ᛶ㸦20 ௦࣭♫఍ே㸧ዪᛶ㸦 ௦࣭♫఍ே㸧㸦ᙺேᙺ㸧㸦᪥ᮏ௻ᴗᙺ㸧ዪᛶ  ௦ᚋ༙ࠥ ௦ᅗ ㏻ヂࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࡢ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ே࡜᪥ᮏே㛫ࡢ఍ヰ
4.2 ሙ㠃タᐃ ᑓ㛛⏝ㄒࡢฟ⌧ࡀከ࠸ሙ㠃タᐃ࡛ࡣࠊ⿕㦂⪅࡬ࡢ౫㢗ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࠿ࠊᑓ㛛⏝ㄒࡢゎ㔘ࡔࡅ࡟᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊ᝟ሗฎ⌮ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ヂฟࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟㞟୰࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟㏆࠸ࠊ㏻ヂࢆせࡍࡿ఍㆟ሙ㠃ࡀ᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒࡟㐍ฟࡍࡿ᪥⣔௻ᴗࡢቑຍ࡟క࠸ࠊᢞ㈨࣭
⤒Ⴀάືࢆ⟶㎄ࡍࡿᨻᗓᶵ㛵ゼၥ᫬ࡢ㏻ヂࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢሙ㠃ࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋ
࠙఍ヰࡢⓏሙே≀ࠚ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᢞ㈨ィ⏬┬ࡢ⫋ဨ㸦グྕ㸸ヰ⪅ VNࠕ఍ヰ␒ྕࠖ㸧᪥⣔௻ᴗࡢ♫ဨ㸦グྕ㸸ヰ⪅ JPࠕ఍ヰ␒ྕࠖ㸧࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ே㏻ヂ⪅㸦ྠ୍ே࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪉ྥู࡟␗࡞ࡿグྕࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ㸧᪥ᮏㄒЍ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ᪉ྥ㸦௨ୗࠊ⾲࣭ᅗ࡛ࡣ᪥㉺᪉ྥ࡜⛠ࡍࡿ㸧㸸㏻ヂ JVIࠕ఍ヰ␒ྕࠖࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒЍ᪥ᮏㄒ᪉ྥ㸦௨ୗࠊ⾲࣭ᅗ࡛ࡣ㉺᪥᪉ྥ࡜⛠ࡍࡿ㸧㸸㏻ヂ
VJIࠕ఍ヰ␒ྕࠖ࠙఍ヰࡢ┠ⓗࠚ2020᪥ᮏㄒ㸫࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᢞ㈨ィ⏬┬ࡀ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢᢞ㈨⎔ቃ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࢆ㛤ദࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࡛ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒࡟㐍ฟࡋᡂຌࡋࡓ᪥⣔௻ᴗ࡟ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࢆ౫㢗ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ࠙タᐃሙ㠃ࠚ
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᢞ㈨ィ⏬┬ࡢ⫋ဨ㸦ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㛤ദഃࡢᢸᙜ⪅㸧࡜᪥⣔௻ᴗࡢ♫ဨ㸦ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ౫㢗ࡉࢀࡿ᪥⣔௻ᴗࡢ௦⾲⪅㸧࡜ࡢ▷࠸ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏ
ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࡣᢞ㈨ィ⏬┬ࡢ఍㆟ᐊ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋᢞ㈨ィ⏬┬ഃࡣ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ࡛ࠊ
᪥⣔௻ᴗࡢ௦⾲⪅ഃࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ヰࡍࠋࡑࡢ㛫࡟୍ேࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀධࡗ࡚ࠊ཮᪉ྥ
ࡢ㏻ヂࢆࡍࡿࠋ
5㸬ࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝཬࡧ⪃ᐹ
5.1 ㉁ⓗศᯒ5.1.1ࠕ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖ࡜ࠕ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖ
 3.4 ࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠕ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖ࡜ࠕ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖࡢᐃ⩏ࢆᇶ࡟ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒ
ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ⩏ົⓗ࡞᫂♧໬ࠖ࡜ࠕ௵ົⓗ࡞᫂♧໬ࠖࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ

5.1.1.1⩏ົⓗ࡞᫂♧໬ ௨ୗࠊ⩏ົⓗ࡞᫂♧໬ࡢලయ౛ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࠊ⣬ᖜࡢ㒔ྜୖࠊ⡆༢࡟ゎㄝࡍࡿࠋ౛ 1㸸 ヰ⪅ JP03㸸ࡣ࠸ࠊ≉࡟㉁ၥ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠊࡣ࠸ࠋ
Ѝ㏻ヂ⪅ JV03㸸Tôi nói chung là không có câu hӓi gì ÿâu.㸦⚾ࡣ୍ᛂ㉁ၥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ㸧ヰ⪅ JP03 ࡢⓎヰࠊࡘࡲࡾ㉳Ⅼࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡟ࡣ୺ㄒࡢࠕ⚾ࠖࡀ┬␎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㏻ヂ
⪅ JV03 ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏘ฟࡉࢀࡓヂᩥ࡟ࡣ୺ㄒࡀ᫂♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ࡛ࡣ୺
ㄒࢆ᫂♧ࡍࡿࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୺ㄒࢆ┬␎ࡍࡿ࡜ᩥࡀ⏕ᡂࡋ࡞࠸࠿ࠊࡲࡓࡣኻ♩࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡀከࡃࠊ㉳Ⅼゝㄒ࡜┠ᶆゝㄒࡢᩥἲⓗ࡞㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢヂᩥ࡛୺ㄒࢆ᫂♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠕ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ࡛ࡣࠊࠕㄡࡀఱࢆࠖࠊࠕㄡ࡟ࠖࢆ᫂♧ࡍࡿࡢࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ௨ୗ
ࡢ౛ 2 ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣ౫㢗ࡉࢀࡿ୺యࡀ┬␎ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ
࣒ㄒ࡟ヂฟࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࠊࠕㄡ࡟㢗ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠿ࠖࢆ᫂☜࡟♧ࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛ 2㸸ヰ⪅ JP05: ࡣ࠸ࠊ࠶ࠊࡍࡳࡲࡏࢇࠊ㛫㐪࠼ࡑ࠺࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡶ࠺୍ᗘ⚾ࡢ࣓࣮࡛ࣝ㟁ヰ␒ྕ࡜࠶ࡢࠊ࣓࣮ࣝ࢔ࢻࣞࢫࠊࢳ࢚ࣥࡉࢇࡢ࢔ࢻࣞࢫࢆ࣓࣮࡛ࣝࠊ⚾࡟㏦ࡗ࡚㡬ࡅࡲࡏ
ࢇ࠿?
21
21

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)

ĺ㏻ヂ JV05: Bây giӡ tôi ghi thìࠊtôi sӧ tôi có chút nhҫm lүn ý ҥࠊthӃ anh có thӇ gӱi
mail cho tôi ÿӇ ghi lҥi cái, ÿӇ cho biӃt cái ÿiӋn thoҥi cǊng nhѭ ÿӏa chӍ mail cӫa anh
ChiӃn ÿѭӧc không ҥ?㸦௒⚾ࡣ࣓ࣔࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡲࠊ⚾ࡣ㛫㐪࠼ࡸࡍ࠸࡜ᚰ㓄ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
࠶࡞ࡓ࡟࣓࣮࡛ࣝࠊ⚾࡟ࢳ࢚ࣥࡉࢇࡢ㟁ヰ࡜࣓࣮ࣝ࢔ࢻࣞࢫࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚㡬ࡅࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋ
ࡻ࠺࠿㸧᪥ᮏㄒí࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ㏻ヂ᪉ྥ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬ࠖࡣ୺࡟౛ 1 ࡜౛ 2 ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ
୺ㄒࡢ᫂☜໬ࡢሙྜ࡜┠ⓗㄒࡢ᫂☜໬ࡢሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ Liu㸦2010㸧 ࡛ࡣࠕᵓᩥせ⣲ࡢ⿵㊊ࠖ(୺ㄒࡢ᫂♧)࡜ࠕᣦ♧ᑐ㇟ࡢ᫂♧ࠖ(┠ⓗㄒࡢ᫂♧)࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒí࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ㏻ヂ᪉ྥ࡟ࡋ࠿ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

5.1.1.2 ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ ᮏ◊✲࡛཰㞟ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡣከᵝ࡞ᙧ࡛⌧ࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௨ୗࡢ౛ 3 ࡢࠕྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒࠖࡣࡑࡢ୍ࡘࡢ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢୗ఩㢮࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗࡢ 5.1.2 ࠿ࡽ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢୗ఩㢮ࢆヲ⣽࡟ิᣲࡋࠊㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ౛ 3㸸
ヰ⪅ JP01: ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋࡣࠊ࠼࠼࡜ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᨻᗓ࡬ࡢᥦ᱌ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡽ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ
ࡡ?ࡣ࠸ࠋ
ĺ㏻ヂ JV01㸸Và cuӕi cùng là nhӳng cái, nhӳng cái ÿӅ xuҩt, kiӃn nghӏ , ÿӅ ÿҥt vӟichính phӫ ViӋt Nam ÿúng không ҥ?㸦ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋࡣࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᨻᗓ࡬ࡢᥦ᱌ࠊせᮃࠊ
せㄳ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿㸧㸦ྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒ㸧
౛ 3 ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛ࡣࠊࠕᥦ᱌ࠖ࡜࠸࠺୍ࡘࡢㄒᙡࡋ࠿౑ࢃࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
ࡀࠊ㏻ヂ JV01 ࡣ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ࡟㏻ヂࡋࡓ᫬࡟ࠊࠕᥦ᱌ࠖࠊࠕせᮃࠖࠊࠕせㄳࠖ࡜࠸࠺
୕ࡘࡶࡢ㢮ఝࡋࡓㄒᙡࢆ౑ࡗࡓࠋࠕᥦ᱌ࠖ࡜࠸࠺୍ࡘࡢㄒᙡࡔࡅ࡛ࡶព࿡ࡀఏࢃࡿࡀࠊ
ㄗゎࢆ㜵ࡂࠊព࿡ࡢ༑ศࡉࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣྠ᫬࡟㢮⩏ㄒࡢ୕ࡘࡢㄒᙡࢆ
౑ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ┦ᡭ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡉࢆᕤኵࡍࡿࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ
5.1.2 ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢୗ఩㢮 ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬࡜ࡋ࡚௨ୗࡢ 8 ✀㢮ࡀほᐹฟ᮶ࡓࠋ௨ୗࠊྛ✀㢮ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊලయ౛ࢆ௨࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ
5.1.2.1 ᙉㄪ
Séguinot㸦1988㸧ࡣࠊࠕཎᩥࡢ࠶ࡿせ⣲࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓࡾࠊᙉㄪࡋࡓࡾࠊゝⴥࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊヂᩥࡢ୰࡛ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㒊ศࢆ㝿❧ࡓࡏࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ᫂♧໬࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⰼᒸ㸦1999ࠊ2000㸧࡛ࡶࠕᙉㄪࠖࢆ᫂♧໬ࡢ୍ࡘࡢ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ
࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ Olohan㸦2000㸧ࡣࠕᙉㄪࠖ࡟ࡣゐࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊࠕ཯
2222᪥ᮏㄒ㸫࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮
᚟ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠕ཯᚟ࠖࡣᙉㄪࡢാࡁࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ
࡜ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࠊࠕᙉㄪࠖࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟ᒓࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡍࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡢࠕᙉㄪࠖࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࠋᙉㄪ㸸ྃࡢ㡰␒ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࠊㄒᙡࢆ཯᚟ࡍࡿࠊᙉㄪⓗ࡞ㄒᙡ㸦๓⨨ࡁ⾲⌧➼㸧ࢆ౑࠺࡞࡝ࠊ┦ᡭࡢὀ┠ࢆ࠶ࡿෆᐜ࡟ᘬࡁࡘࡅࡿ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࠋ
౛ 4㸸
ヰ⪅ VN01: Mөc ÿích cӫa cuӝc hӑp ngày hôm nayࠊchúng ta sӁ bàn bҥc chi tiӃt và cөthӇ vӅ nӝi dung cӫa cuӝc hӝi thҧo sҳp tӟi.㸦ᮏ᪥ࡢ఍㆟ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ௒ᗘࡢࢭ
࣑ࢼ࣮ࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃࠊලయⓗ࡟ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡍ㸧ĺ ㏻ヂ VJ01: ࡛ࠊᮏ᪥ࡢ┠ⓗ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅ࡝ࡶࠊ࠾࣮ࠊ௒ᅇ௒ᅇࡢࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࡢ…ࠊࢭ
࣑ࢼ࣮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽࡟࠾ヰࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
౛ 4 ࡛ࡣࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ㉳Ⅼࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛ࡣࠕᮏ᪥ࡢ఍㆟ࡢ┠ⓗࠖࡢ୺㢟ࡣᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚
࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟㏻ヂࡉࢀࡓ᫬࡟ࠕ࡛ࠥࡍࡅ࡝ࡶࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞๓⨨ࡁࡀ⨨࠿ࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᩥࡢ୺㢟ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡢὀពࢆ᭦࡟ᘬࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡓ
ࡵࠕᙉㄪࠖ࡟ࡼࡿ᫂♧໬࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊ☜࠿࡟ࡇࡇࡢࠕࠥ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅ࡝ࡶࠖࡣᙉㄪ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ↓ព㆑ⓗ࡟ᇙࡵⲡⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡢࡶ↓⌮ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㏻ヂ⪅࡟ࣇ࢛࣮ࣟ࢔ࢵࣉ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊࡇࡇ࡛㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ᝟ሗࢆᙉㄪࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ
࡚ࠊ๓⨨ࡁࢆ⨨࠸ࡓࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ3.4 ࡟ᥦ♧ࡋࡓᐃ⩏ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᫂♧໬ࡣព㆑ⓗ࡟౑࠺ࡶࡢ࡜↓ព㆑ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡢពᅗ࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎ᝟ሗఏ㐩ࠊࡘࡲࡾ┦ᡭࡢ⌮ゎࢆຓࡅࡿᶵ⬟ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ᫂♧໬࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆᐃ࡛ࡁ
ࡿࠋ๓⨨ࡁࡢᶵ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭦࡟᥀ࡾୗࡆ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ㝞㸦2007㸧࡛ࡣࠊࠕ๓⨨ࡁ⾲⌧ࡣఱࡽ࠿ࡢ㓄៖࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊ୺せ࡞ゝㄒෆᐜ࡟ඛ❧ࡘࠖࠊୟࡘࠕࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ࣮ࢫ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢḟ࡟ࡃࡿ୺せ࡞ゝㄒෆᐜࢆᑟධࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᶵ⬟ࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭦࡟ࠊ㝞ࡣࠕヰࡋᡭࡀఏ㐩ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿෆᐜࢆ⪺ࡁᡭ࡟ண࿌ࡋ࡚
ㄯヰࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆ♧ࡋࠊఏ㐩ຠᯝࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ⾲⌧ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࠊࠕ๓⨨ࡁࠖࡢࠕఏ㐩ᛶ㓄៖ᆺíヰ㢟ᥦ♧ࠖࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ௨ୖ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅࡟ពᅗࡢ☜ㄆࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ㡢ኌࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⪺࠸ࡓ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣࡸࡸᙉࡵࡢⓎ㡢࡛ࠕ࡛ࠥࡍࡅࢀ
࡝ࡶࠖࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢሙྜࡢ๓⨨ࡁࡣࠊ㝞㸦2007㸧ࡀᣦ᦬ࡋࡓᶵ⬟࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ࡜ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᮏ◊✲࡛᫂♧໬࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ ௚᪉ࠊࠕࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ࣮ࢫ࣐࣮࣮࢝ࠖࡢࠕࠥࡢࡔࠖࡶࠊሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣᙉㄪⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ 01 ࡣࠊࠕ㹼࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅ࡝ࡶࠖࢆỴࡲࡗࡓ๓⨨ࡁ⾲⌧࡜ࡋ࡚౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃࠊ࡯࠿ࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࡢ㏻ヂࢹ࣮ࢱࢆぢ࡚ࡶྠࡌഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࠕ㹼ࡢࡔࠖࡢࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ

2323

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014) ᙉㄪࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊࠕ๓⨨ࡁࡢ౑⏝ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧែࡢ௚ࠊᙉㄪࡋࡓ࠸㒊ศࢆᩥࡢෑ㢌࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿࠊࡲࡓࡣࠊྠࡌㄒᙡࢆ཯᚟ࡍࡿᙧ࡛ᙉㄪࡍࡿሙྜࡣᮏ◊✲࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊᙉㄪⓗ࡞ㄒᙡ㸦ࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ࣮ࢫ࣐࣮࣮࢝ࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼࡿ๓⨨ࡁࢆ⨨ࡃ࡞࡝㸧࡟ࡼࡿᙉㄪࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ⣬ᖜࡢ㒔ྜୖࠊࡇࡇ୍࡛ࡘࡢ౛ࡢࡳྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ࠊゎㄝࡋࡓࠋ
5.1.2.2 ᩥࡢ෌ᵓ⠏ᩥࡢ෌ᵓ⠏࡜ࡣ Olohan 㸦2000㸧࡛᪤࡟ゝཬࡉࢀࡓࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
Liu 㸦2010㸧ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ̺୰ᅜㄒࡢ⩻ヂࡢ◊✲ࡔࡀࠊࠕཎᩥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩥࡀ㛗࠸ሙྜࠊࡑࡢᩥࡢᵓ㐀࡟ἢࡗ࡚⩻ヂࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ୙⮬↛࡞᪥ᮏㄒ࡟࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⌮ゎࢆጉࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠖ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࠊཎᩥࡢ㛗ᩥࢆศ๭ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ㐺ษ࡞᥋⥆モࢆ
㏣ຍࡍࡿࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࢆ᫂♧໬࡜ㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ Olohan㸦2000㸧࡜ Liu
㸦2010㸧ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᩥࡢ෌ᵓ⠏ࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࠋᩥࡢ෌ᵓ⠏㸸㛗࠸ᩥࢆᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ▷࠸ᩥ࡟ศࡅࡿࠊᩥࡢᵓᡂࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ
┦ᡭ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࡸࡍࡃࠊ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࠋ
౛ 5㸸
ヰ⪅ VN01: VӅ sӕ lѭӧng ngѭӡi tham dӵ thì trong cuӝc hӝi thҧo sҳp tӟi ÿây sӁ có
khoҧng 200 ngѭӡi tham dӵࠊ bao gӗm ÿҥi diӋn cӫa các doanh nghiӋp trong và ngoài
nѭӟcࠊ trong ÿó chӫ yӃu là các doanh nghiӋp Nhұt ÿã ÿang và sҳp ÿҫu tѭ vào ViӋt
Nam.㸦௒ᗘࡢࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࡟ཧຍࡍࡿேᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ200 ேࡄࡽ࠸ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞
ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅜෆእࡢྛ௻ᴗࢆྵࢇ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛࣋ࢺࢼ࣒࡟᪤࡟ᢞ㈨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡲࡓࡣ
ᢞ㈨ࡍࡿணᐃࡀ࠶ࡿ᪥⣔௻ᴗࡀ࣓࢖࡛ࣥ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㸧
ĺ㏻ヂ VJI01: ࡛ࠊࡉࢇ࠿ࢇࠊཧຍ⪅ࡢேᩘ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅ࡝ࡶࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ 200 ே࡛ࡍࠋヰ⪅ JP01㸸࠼ࠊࡣ࠸ࠋ
ĺ㏻ヂ VJI01: ࠼࠼࡜ࠊࡗ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࠊ࠾࣮ࠊ௻ᴗࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᅜ
ෆࠊᅜእࡢ௻ᴗࠊࡀཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢ౛࡛ࡣࠊヰ⪅ VN01 ࡟ࡼࡿཎᩥࡣẚ㍑ⓗ㛗࠸ࡀ㸦ⓎヰᩥࡢㄆᐃࡣᏱబ⨾ 㸦2011㸧࡛ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓ BTSJ ᩥᏐ໬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎヰᩥㄆᐃᇶ‽࡟๎ࡿ㸧ࠊ㏻ヂ VJI01 ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ヂࡋࡓ᫬࡟ࡣࠊ ⪺ࡁᡭ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍࡃࠊ࣓ࣔࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㛗࠸ᩥࢆศ๭ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ฎ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ⪺ࡁᡭ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡢࡋࡸࡍࡉࢆᕤኵࡍࡿᶵ
⬟ࢆᣢࡘ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ

5.1.2.3 ᥋⥆モࡢ㏣ຍ ᥋⥆モࢆ㐺ษ࡟㏣ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ┠ᶆࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࣭ㄽ⌮ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࠊ᝟ሗࢆࡼࡾศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊඛ⾜◊✲ 㸦Olohan 2000, Liu 2010,ⰼᒸ 2000 ➼㸧࡛ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡶࠊ᥋⥆モࡢ㏣ຍࢆ᫂♧໬࡜ㄆࡵࠊ௨
ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࠋ
24
24᪥ᮏㄒ㸫࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮᥋⥆モࡢ㏣ຍ㸸㉳Ⅼࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡟ࡣ࡞࠸᥋⥆モࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᩥ࡜ᩥࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆᙉ໬ࡋࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ࡟᝟ሗࢆఏ࠼ࡿࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࠋ
౛ 6㸸
ヰ⪅ VN03: Vâng, xin bà gӱi cho anh Chi聻n là ngѭӡi phө tráchࠋ㸦ࡣ࠸ࠊᢸᙜ⪅ࡢࢳ࢚ࣥࡉࢇ࡟࠾㏦ࡾୗࡉ࠸㸧ヰ⪅ VN03: Sӕ ÿiӋn thoҥi là 0902232083ࠊvà email là chienmpi@gmail.com.㸦㟁ヰ␒ྕࡣࠊ 0902232083, ࡑࡋ࡚ E ࣓࣮ࣝࡣ chienmpi@gmail.com ࡛ࡍ㸧
㏻ヂ⪅ JP03: ࠶ࡢࠊ㐃⤡ࡢ❆ཱྀ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࢳ࢚ࣥ࡜࠸࠺᪉࡛ࡍࡡࠊࡣ࠸ࠊࢳ࢚ࣥࡉࢇ
㸦ࡣ࠸㸧࡛ࡍࡅ࡝ࠋ
ĺ㏻ヂ⪅ JP03: ࡛ࠊࡲࡎࠊࢳ࢚ࣥࡉࢇࡢ㟁ヰ␒ྕ࡛ࡍࡅ࡝㸦ࡣ࠸ࠊࡣ࠸㸧ࠊࡕࡻࡗ࡜
㹙࣓ࣔࡢ‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓ࠿࡜ゝࢃࢇࡤ࠿ࡾ࡟㹛㸦┬␎㸧
౛ 6 ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ 2 ࡘࡢᩥࡀ᥋⥆モ࡞ࡋ࡛⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊヂᩥ࡟ࡣࠕࡲࡎࠖ࡜࠸࠺᥋⥆モࡀ㏣ຍࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕࡲࡎࠖ࡜࠸࠺᥋⥆モࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽఏ࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ᝟ሗ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㡰␒࡟ఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪺ࡁᡭ࡟᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡣᚰࡢ‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ
᝟ሗࢆཷࡅṆࡵࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
5.1.2.4 ㄝ᫂ࡢ㏣ຍ Ṥ࡝ࡢ᫂♧໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࠊࠕ㏣ຍࠖࢆ᫂♧໬ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᙧែࡔ࡜ㄆࡵ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋⰼᒸ 㸦2000㸧࡛ࡣࠊ㏣ຍ࡜ࡣࠕ┠ᶆど⫈⪅࡟ᩥ໬ᅛ᭷ࡢ▱㆑ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺእࡢ᝟ሗࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄯヰࡢᣑᙇࡀ㉳ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࠕ㏣ຍࠖࢆ༢ㄒࡢ㏣ຍ࡜࠸࠺ㄒᙡࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡼࡾ
ෆᐜ࡟㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔᩥ࣭ࣞ࣋ࣝㄯヰࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㏣ຍ࡜ᤊ࠼ࠊࠕㄝ᫂ࡢ㏣ຍࠖ࡜⛠ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏ✏࡛ᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࠕㄝ᫂ࡢ㏣ຍࠖࡣⰼᒸ 㸦2000㸸73㸧ࡀᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠕࢸ࢟ࢫࢺእࡢ
᝟ሗࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿࠖሙྜ࡜㉳Ⅼゝㄒࡢྵពࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢㄝ᫂ࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿሙྜࢆ
ྵࡴࠋ௨ୗࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡢࠕㄝ᫂ࡢ㏣ຍࠖࡢᐃ⩏ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࠊࠕㄝ᫂ࡢ㏣ຍࠖࡢከᵝᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ2 ࡘࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢලయ౛ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ
ㄝ᫂ࡢ㏣ຍ㸸  వィ࡟᫬㛫ࢆ㈝ࡸࡉࡎࠊ┦ᡭ࡟㏿ࡸ࠿࡟⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ
୧ഃࡢࢡࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢺࡢែᗘཬࡧᵝᏊࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ⮬ࡽ㏻ヂࡋࡓෆᐜࢆ⿵㊊ࡋࡓࡾࠊㄝ᫂ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࡾࡍࡿࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࠋ ౛ 7㸸ヰ⪅ JP03㸸ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⚾ࡀࠊⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡟㐍ฟࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿࠊࡲࠊ
᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ㸪ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡜࠸࠺࠿ࠊ᭷฼࡞ⅬࠊⰋ࠿ࡗࡓⅬࠊࡑࢀࢆࡇࡇ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤ࠸࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺!^`ࠋ
2525

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)㏻ヂ VJ03㸸࠺࣮ࢇ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ!^!`௻ᴗࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊࡏ࠸ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᨻ
ᗓࡢࠊ࠶ࡢࠊᢞ㈨⎔ቃ ࠶࣮ࡣ࠸ࡣ࠸ ࠊ౛࠼ࡤ࡛ࡍࡡࠊእᅜࡢ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢ ࠺ࢇ ࠊ࡝ࢇ࡞ᚅ㐝ⓗ࡞ไᗘࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡡࠋ
ヰ⪅ JP03㸸࠶࣮ࠋ㏻ヂ VJ03㸸࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᨻᗓࡢ࡯࠺࡛ࡍࡼࠋ
ヰ⪅ JP03㸸ࡣ࠸ࠊ࠼࣮࡜ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᨻᗓࡢࠊእᅜࡢ௻ᴗ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㸪ᚅ㐝ᨻ⟇࣭࣭࣭ࠋ
౛ 7 ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢヰ⪅ JP03 ࡣ⮬ศࡢⓎ⾲࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᢞ㈨ィ⏬┬ࡢࣜࢡ࢚ࢫ
ࢺࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⣬ᖜࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࠊ➹⪅ࡣࡇࡢ๓࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆ┬࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜Ⓨ⾲౫㢗ഃࡣヰ⪅ JP03 ࡟ࠕ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᢞ㈨⎔ቃࡢ᭷฼࡞࡜ࡇࢁࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⮬ศࡢⓎ⾲࡛ᣲࡆ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣⓗ☜࡟ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ
࡜ᛮ࠼ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢヰ⪅ JP03 ࡣࡲࡔ⌮ゎࡀ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ෌ᗘ☜ㄆࢆࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣࠊࠕ౛࠼ࡤ࡛ࡍࡡࠊእᅜࡢ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢ ࠺ࢇ ࠊ࡝ࢇ࡞ᚅ㐝ⓗ࡞ไᗘࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࡡࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ලయ౛ࢆᣲࡆ࡞ࡀࡽ ࠊ⿵㊊ⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊヰ⪅ JP03 ࡣ⣡ᚓࡋࡓ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࣓ࣔࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀ⿵㊊ࡋࡓㄝ᫂ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ౛ࡣࠊㄯヰࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࠕㄝ᫂ࡢ㏣ຍࠖ࡜ぢ࡞ࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇ
ࡇ࡛ᣲࡆࡓ㏻ヂ⪅ࡢᑐᛂࡀ┦ᛂࡋ࠸࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣ࡜ࡶ࠿ࡃࡋ࡚ࠊ㏻ヂ⌧ሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢡ
ࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢺ࡬ࡢ㓄៖࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫂♧໬ࡢᙧែࡶ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ౛ 8㸸ヰ⪅ JP03㸸᪥ᮏㄒ࠿ⱥㄒࡋ࠿࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࡢ࡛ࠊࡈࡵࢇ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠊ࠼࡜ࠊ ࢳ࢚ࣥࡉࢇ࡟
࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ࠿!^`"ࠋЍ ㏻ヂ JV03㸸<À, thӃ thì bà ý >{>}không biӃt tiӃng viӋt thì…ࠊkhi mà liên lҥc vӟianh ChiӃn thì liên lҥc bҵng tiӃng anh hay tiӃng Nhұt?㸦ᙼዪࡣ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸
࡜࣭࣭࣭ࠊࢳ࢚ࣥࡉࢇ࡟㐃⤡ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊⱥㄒࢆ౑࠼ࡤ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ
࡛࠸࠸࡛ࡍ࠿㸽㸧ヰ⪅ JP03 ࡣࠕࢳ࢚ࣥࡉࢇ࡟࡝࠺ࡋࡓࡽ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ࠖ࡜ᑡࡋ᭕᫕࡞㉁ၥࢆࡋࡓࡀࠊ㏻
ヂ⪅ JV03 ࡣࠕࢳ࢚ࣥࡉࢇ࡟㐃⤡ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊⱥㄒࢆ౑࠼ࡤ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ᪥
ᮏㄒ࡛࠸࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㉁ၥࡢ┠ⓗࢆ᭦࡟᫂☜࡟ヂࡏࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙ
ྜࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣࠊཎᩥ࡛㏙࡭ࡓෆᐜࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ┦ᡭ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᑡࡋ⌮ゎࡋ࡙ࡽ࠸࡜ุ᩿
ࡋࠊ㉳Ⅼゝㄒࡢྵពࡲ࡛᫂♧ࡋࡘࡘ⿵㊊ⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆຍ࠼ࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ᫂♧໬࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

5.1.2.5 ᪧ᝟ሗࡢ᚟ඖ
᫂♧໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡣࠊᩥࡢ㐃⤖㛵ಀ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡀከ࠸㸦Cai 2007㸪
Chen 2003㸪Pápai 2004㸪Puurtinen 2003㸪Liu 2010㸧ࠋ➹⪅ࡣࠊࠕᪧ᝟ሗࡢ᚟ඖࠖࡀ
ᩥࡢ㐃⤖㛵ಀࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿാࡁࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺❧ሙ࡛ࠊࠕᪧ᝟ሗࡢ᚟ඖࠖࡀ᫂♧໬࡜ࡋ࡚
26
26

᪥ᮏㄒ㸫࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮
ㄆᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡣࠊ ⰼᒸ 2000 ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ┬␎ࡢ᚟ඖࠖ࡜
࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᪧ᝟ሗࡢ᚟ඖ㸸┬␎ࡉࢀࡓ᝟ሗࢆ᚟ඖࡋࠊ᫂♧ⓗ࡟ෆᐜࢆఏ࠼ࡿ ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࠋ౛ 9㸸ヰ⪅JP03ࡣ࠸ࠊ௒࠶ࡢ࣮ࠊෆᐜ୍ᛂ኱ࡁࡃศࡅ࡚୕ࡘࠊࡣ࠸ࠊࡇࢀࡣ࠼࣮࡜ࠊ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ
Ѝ㏻ヂ JV03Tӭc là qua cái nӝi dung mà bên quý bӝ vӯa trao ÿәiࠊthì là gӗm có
ba nӝi dung chính.㸦ࡘࡲࡾࠊ㈗┬ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓෆᐜࡔ࡜ࠊ ࡘࡢ୺࡞ෆᐜࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ㸧ࡇࡢ౛࡛ࡣࠊヰ⪅ JP03 ࡣࠕ௒࠶ࡢ࣮ࠊෆᐜࠖ࡜࠸࠺⡆␎ⓗ࡞ゝ࠸᪉ࢆ᥇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ௒ࡢෆᐜࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ゝ࠸᪉ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊᑡࡋ᭕
᫕࡞⾲⌧ࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛ᪧ᝟ሗ࡜ࡋ࡚┬␎ࡉࢀࡓࠕ㈗┬ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺㒊ศࢆ᚟ඖࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ᭦࡟᝟ሗࢆ᫂☜࡟ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓ࡜ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ

5.1.2.6 ㄝ᫂ⓗ⾲⌧ ⰼᒸ 2000 ࡣࠊBlum-Kulka 㸦1986㸧ࡢ᫂♧໬ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࠕవ๫ⓗ⾲⌧ࠖࡶ᫂♧໬࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊⰼᒸࡣࡇࡢ᫂♧໬᪉␎࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡟ᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ༑ศ࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊᑡࡋవ๫ⓗ࡞⾲⌧ࠊᰂࡽ࠿࠸⾲⌧ࠊヰࡋゝⴥࠊࡲࡓࡣࡼࡾศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚ࠊヂᩥࡀཎᩥࡼࡾཷࡅṆࡵࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿຠᯝࡀ☜࠿ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊㄗゎࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ㢮ࡢ᫂♧໬ࢆࠕవ๫ⓗ⾲⌧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ྡ௜ࡅࡎࠊࠕㄝ᫂ⓗ⾲⌧ࠖ࡜⛠ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ㄝ᫂ⓗ⾲⌧㸸ཎᩥࡼࡾవ๫ⓗࡔࡀࠊ┦ᡭ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡼࡾཷࡅṆࡵࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ㄝ
᫂ࡢ௙᪉ࠊࡲࡓࡣゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࠋ

౛ 10㸸
ヰ⪅ VN01: Phҫn thӭ ba là môi trѭӡng ÿҫu tѭ ӣ ViӋt Nam tӯ cái nhìn cӫa doanh nghiӋp
Nhұt Bҧnࠊcác khó khăn thӱ thách và nhӳng lӧi thӃ so vӟi các quӕc gia khác.㸦୕ࡘ┠ࡢෆᐜࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ࠿ࡽぢࡓ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢᢞ㈨⎔ቃࠊ࡯࠿ࡢᅜ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࡢ୙฼࡞Ⅼ࡜᭷
฼࡞Ⅼ࡛ࡍ㸧
Ѝ㏻ヂ VJI01➨  ෆᐜ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅ࡝ࡶࠊ࠼࣮ࠊ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ࠿ࡽぢࡓ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᢞ㈨ࡢ⎔ቃࡲࡗࠊ࡯࠿ࡢᅜ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࠊ ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞฼Ⅼࠊ࡝ࢇ࡞ᅔ㞴ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ ࡣ࠸ ࠊ2727ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࠼࣮ࠊࡲࡗࠊࡲࡗࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢ㛗ᡤ࡞࡝࡛ࡍࡡ ࠺ࢇ ࠊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡢ㒊ศ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅ࡝ࡶࠋ
ࡇࡢ౛࡛ࡣࠊ㏻ヂ VJI01 ࡣࠊࠕ࡯࠿ࡢᅜ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࡢ୙฼࡞Ⅼ࡜᭷฼࡞Ⅼࠖ࡜࠸࠺㒊ศࢆᑡࡋవ๫ⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ࡜ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋᚲࡎࡋࡶᚲせ࡞ㄝ᫂࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ
࠺࡟ヰࡋゝⴥࡢ⾲⌧ࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ┦ᡭ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ጼໃࢆぢࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ┦ᡭࡢὀ┠ࢆࡼࡾᘬࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊఏ㐩ຠᯝࡶᙉ໬࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ  
5.1.2.7 ྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒඛ⾜◊✲࡟ゝཬࡀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ5.1.1.2 ࡢ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬࡛๓㏙ࡋࡓࠕᙉㄪࠖࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ
࡟ẚ㍑ⓗ㏆࠸࡜ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࠕྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒࠖࡢ఩⨨࡙ࡅࢆ☜ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࠕᙉㄪࠖ࡜ูࡢ⠊␪࡜ࡋ࡚༊ูࡋࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࠋྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒ㸸ఏ㐩୙㊊ࠊ┦ᡭࡢㄗゎࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᗄࡘ࠿ྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒࢆྠ᫬࡟⏝࠸ࡿࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࠋ
ලయ౛ࡣࠊ5.1.1.2 ⠇࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢㄝ᫂ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

5.1.2.8 ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫ
Klaudy㸦1998㸧ࡣㄒ⏝ㄽⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢᴫᛕࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄒ⏝ㄽⓗ᫂♧໬࡜ࡣ
ࠕ㏻ヂࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢཧຍ⪅ࡢᩥ໬࣭♫఍ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉳ࡁࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥཧຍ⪅ࡢᩥ໬ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡾࠊ
ㄗゎࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࡾ┦ᡭࡢẼᣢࡕࢆᐖࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣཧຍ⪅ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢫࢱ࢖࣭ࣝᩥ໬ࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆ⿵
࠸ࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡢᩥ໬࡟ྜࢃࡏࠊ⪺ࡁᡭ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡼࡾཷࡅṆࡵࡸࡍ࠸ᙧࡢ᝟ሗఏ㐩ฎ⌮ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ୧⪅ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ෇⁥࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⏕ࡌᚓࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫࡶ᫂♧໬࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Klaudy㸦1998㸧࡛ࡣࡇࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࢆㄒ⏝ㄽⓗ᫂♧໬࡜ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ➹⪅ࡣࡇࡢ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࢆ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢ⠊␪࡟ධࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣࠊㄒ⏝ㄽⓗ᫂♧໬࡜௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣఱ࠿ Klaudy ࡶ᫂☜࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸࡞
࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊㄒ⏝ㄽⓗ᫂♧໬ࡣ⠊ᅖࡀᗈࡍࡂࡿࡓࡵࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ┦ᡭ࡬ࡢ㓄៖ࠊ෇⁥࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ⥔ᣢ࡜࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡔࡅ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࠊ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫほⅬ࠿ࡽぢࡿ᫂♧໬㸦௨ୗࠊ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫ㸧࡜ྡ௜ࡅࡿࠋ
࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫ㸸ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ෇⁥࡟㐍ࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ⪺ࡁᡭ࡟㓄៖ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥཧຍ⪅ࡢᩥ໬ 㛫ࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆ⿵࠸ࠊ⪺ࡁᡭ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱ࡶཷࡅṆࡵࡸࡍ࠸ᙧ࡛᝟ሗࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࠋ
28
28

᪥ᮏㄒ㸫࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮


౛ 11㸸
ヰ⪅ VN01: Thì phҫn nàyࠊsӁ do ÿҥi diӋn cӫa doanh nghiӋp ࠕ♫ྡࠖphát biӇu.㸦ࡇࡢෆᐜࡣࠊࠕ♫ྡࠖ௻ᴗࡢ௦⾲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡲࡍ㸧ࠋ
㏻ヂVJ01ࡇࡢෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࠶ࡢ࣮ࠊ㈗♫࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ேࡣࠊ┦ᡭࡢ఍♫ࢆ♫ྡ࡛࿧ࡪ⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫሙ㠃࡛ࡣࠊ㏻
ᖖ⮬ศࡢ఍♫ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆࠕᘢ♫ࠖࠊ┦ᡭࡢ఍♫ࢆࠕ㈗♫ࠖࠊࠕᚚ♫ࠖ࡜࿧ࡪࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ౛ 11 ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ᪥ᮏே࡛࠶ࡿ⪺ࡁᡭࡢᩥ໬࡟㓄៖ࡋࠊࠕ㈗♫ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏேࡣ౫㢗ࡢሙ㠃࡛ࡣࠊ┦ᡭ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ឤㅰࡢ
Ẽᣢࡕࢆ⾲ࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࠕ࡚ࠥ㡬ࡁࡓ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆࡼࡃ⏝࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ౛࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ே࡟ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾲⌧ࢆ౑࠺⩦័ࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᩥ໬ࡢ
㐪࠸ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㏻ヂ⪅ VJ01 ࡣࠊࠕ㈗♫࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚㡬ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠖ࡜࠸
࠺ࡼ࠺࡟⪺ࡁᡭࡢẼᣢࡕࢆᐖࡉࡎࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡢᩥ໬࡟ྜࡗࡓ⾲⌧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㏻ヂࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽぢࡿ᫂♧໬࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

5.2 㔞ⓗศᯒ5.2.1 ㏻ヂ⪅ࡢ⥲Ⓨヰᩥᩘ࡟༨ࡵࡿ᫂♧໬ࡢ㢖ᗘ ඲ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࡢ⥲Ⓨヰᩥᩘ㸦Ⓨヰᩥࡢㄆᐃ ࡣࠊᏱబ⨾  2011 ࡛ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓBTSJ ᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᩥᏐ໬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢཎ๎࡟๎ࡿ㸧ࡣ 508 Ⓨヰ㸦㏻ヂ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊヰࡋᡭ࡟
ᑐࡍࡿ㉁ၥ࣭☜ㄆࡢⓎヰࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡢ☜ㄆせồ࡬ࡢᛂ⟅➼ࡶྵࡴ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽ࡟࠾
ࡅࡿ᫂♧໬ࡢฟ⌧ᅇᩘࡣ ᅇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ1 Ⓨヰ࡟」ᩘࡢ᫂♧໬ࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ༶ࡕࠊ᪥ᮏㄒѸ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᫂♧໬ࡢฟ⌧ࡀẚ㍑ⓗ㢖⦾࡞⌧㇟ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ᫂♧໬ࡀヂฟ㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ Blum-Kulka 㸦1986㸧ࡢ௬ㄝࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋ

5.2.2⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬࡜௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢ๭ྜ ඲ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟ィࡋࠊ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬࡜௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢ㢖ᗘ࣭๭ྜࢆ⾲ 2 ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋ
⾲  ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬࡜௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢ㢖ᗘ࣭๭ྜࡢẚ㍑

㉺᪥᪉ྥࡢ㢖ᗘ㸦ᅇ㸧᪥㉺᪉ྥࡢ㢖
ᗘ㸦ᅇ㸧

཮᪉ྥࡢ㢖
ᗘ㸦ᅇ㸧

๭ྜ㸦㸧㸦཮᪉ྥࡢ㢖ᗘ㸭㸦ᅇ㸧㸧

⩏ົⓗ᫂♧
໬
௵ពⓗ᫂♧
໬

0

91

91

18.7

268

128

396

81.3

ィ

268

219

487

100

29
29

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014) ⾲ 2 ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ㏻ヂ᫬࡟⌧ࢀࡓ᫂♧໬ࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡣ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬ࡼࡾᅽಽⓗ࡟ከ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ㏻ヂ᪉ྥ࡟ࡶᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㉺᪥᪉ྥ࡛ࡣࠊ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬ࡀぢࡽࢀࡎࠊ⌧ࢀࡓ᫂♧໬ࡣࡍ࡭࡚
௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡣࠊ᪥㉺᪉ྥࡢ㢖ᗘ࣭๭ྜࡢ 2 ಸ࡯࡝ࡢᅇᩘ
ࡀࠊ㉺᪥᪉ྥ࡟⌧ࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ேᙺࡢ఍ヰ⪅࡟ࡼࡿ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒
ㄒⓎヰᩘࡀ᪥ᮏேᙺࡢ఍ヰ⪅࡟ࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒⓎヰᩘࡼࡾ 2 ಸ࡯࡝ከ࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᚲ↛ⓗ࡟᪥㉺᪉ྥ࡛ࡢฟ⌧ᅇᩘࡀከࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟㏻ヂࡍࡿ᫬࡟ࠊ▐᫬࡟⡆₩࡞⾲⌧ࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡏࡎࠊ
ㄝ᫂ⓗ࡞⾲⌧ࠊྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒ࡞࡝༑ศ࡞᝟ሗఏ㐩ࢆ☜ಖࡋࠊㄗゎࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࡢ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ୍ࡘࡢせᅉ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

5.2.3  ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢୗ఩㢮ࡢ㢖ᗘ࣭๭ྜ
௨ୗࡢᅗ  ࡛௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢୗ఩㢮ࡢ㢖ᗘ࣭๭ྜࡢ㞟ィ⤖ᯝࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋ

ᪧ᝟ሗࡢ᚟ඖ

ྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒᙉㄪ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫ᥋⥆モㄝ᫂ⓗ⾲⌧

ㄝ᫂ࡢ㏣ຍ

ᩥࡢ෌ᵓ⠏

Ͷ͹

ͳͲ

͹ʹ

͹ͺ

ͺ

Ͷͻ

ͺ͸

Ͷ͸

཮᪉ྥ
ʹ͹

ͷ ͸

͵͹

Ͳ

ͺ

ʹ͹

ͳͻ

͵ͳ

͵

᪥㉺᪉ྥ
ʹͲ ͷ

͸͸

Ͷͳ

ͷͷ

Ͷ͸

㉺᪥᪉ྥ

ᅗ 2 ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࡢୗ఩ 㢮ࡈ࡜ࡢ๭ྜ

 ᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾࠊฟ⌧㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࡢࡣࠊࠕㄝ᫂ࡢ㏣ຍࠖ㸦86 ᅇ㸧ࠊࠕ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺ
ࢿࢫࠖ㸦78 ᅇ㸧ࠊࠕᙉㄪࠖ㸦72 ᅇ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕㄝ᫂ࡢ㏣ຍࠖ࡜ࠕᙉㄪࠖࡣඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊᮏ◊✲࡛๭ྜࡀ㧗ࡃฟ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛᫂♧໬࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡢⷧ࠿ࡗࡓࠕ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫࠖࡀ㢖⦾࡟ฟ⌧ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᨵ
ࡵ࡚ࡇࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢ఩⨨࡙ࡅࢆぢ┤ࡍᚲせᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ௚ࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕᪧ᝟ሗࡢ᚟ඖࠖ㸦47 ᅇ㸧࡜ࠕㄝ᫂ⓗ⾲⌧ࠖ㸦46 ᅇ㸧ࡶ࠿࡞ࡾࡢ㢖ᗘ࡛ฟ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ᥋⥆モࠖ㸦8 ᅇ㸧ࡣඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ከ
ࡃゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊほᐹฟ᮶ࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ┠❧ࡘࡼ࠺࡞ฟ⌧㢖ᗘ30
30᪥ᮏㄒ㸫࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮
࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒࠖ㸦10 ᅇ㸧ࡶ㢖ᗘࡀẚ㍑ⓗప࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏㄽᩥࡢෑ㢌࡟࡚ࡶㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࡀࠊࠕྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒࠖࡣࠕᙉㄪࠖࡢᶵ⬟ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࠕᙉㄪࠖࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࢫ
ࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ಶู࡟㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ➹⪅ࡣࡇࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢ఩⨨࡙ࡅࢆ᫂☜࡟⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࠕᙉㄪࠖࡢู࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡜ࡋ࡚ศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ㏻ヂ᪉ྥู࡟ྛࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢฟ⌧≉ᚩࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡀࠊ5.2.2 ࡟ࡶㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ
ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢሙ㠃タᐃ㛵ಀ࡛ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ேᙺࡢ఍ヰ⪅࡟ࡼࡿ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒⓎヰᩘࡀ᪥ᮏேᙺࡢ఍ヰ⪅࡟ࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒⓎヰᩘࡼࡾ 2 ಸ࡯࡝ከ࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᚲ↛ⓗ࡟㉺᪥᪉ྥ
ࡢ㏻ヂᩥᩘࡀከࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ᪉ྥ࡛ࡢ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢ౑⏝㢖ᗘࡶከࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㏻ヂ᪉ྥูࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ࠸࡞ࡽࠊ㢖ᗘ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ๭ྜ
࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ༶ࡕࠊ㏻ヂ᪉ྥูࡢ㏻ヂᩥᩘࢆศẕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㏻ヂ᪉ྥู࡟౑
ࢃࢀࡓࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡈ࡜ࡢ๭ྜࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏻ヂ᪉ྥูࡢⓎヰᩥࡢ⤫ィࢆ࡜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࡜ࠊ᪥㉺᪉ྥࡢ㏻ヂᩥᩘࡣ 161 ᩥ(ⓎヰᩥࡢㄆᐃࡣᏱబ⨾㸦2011㸧࡛ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓ BTSJ ᩥᏐ໬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢཎ๎࡟๎ࡿ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㉺᪥
᪉ྥࡢ㏻ヂᩥᩘࡣ 347 ᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗࡢᅗ 3 ࡛ࠊ㏻ヂ᪉ྥู࡟౑ࢃࢀࡓྛࢫࢺࣛࢸ
ࢪ࣮ࡢ๭ྜ㸦㏻ヂ᪉ྥูࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢ㢖ᗘ/᪉ྥูࡢ㏻ヂᩥᩘ㸧ࢆ♧ࡍࠋᪧ᝟ሗࡢ᚟ඖ

ྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒ ᙉㄪ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫ᥋⥆モࡢ㏣ຍ

ㄝ᫂ⓗ⾲⌧

ᩥࡢ෌ᵓ⠏ͳ͸Ǥͺ

ㄝ᫂ࡢ㏣ຍʹ͵͵Ǥͳ͵Ǥ͹

Ͳ

ͳͳǤͺ

ͳͻǤ͵

ͳǤͻ

᪥㉺᪉ྥ

ͷǤͺ

ͳͶǤͶ

ͳͻ

ͳͳǤͺ ʹǤ͵ ͹Ǥͺ

ͳͷǤͻ

ͳ͸Ǥͳ

㉺᪥᪉ྥ

ᅗ 3 ㏻ヂ᪉ྥูࡢ㏻ヂᩥᩘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㏻ヂ᪉ྥูࡢ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡈ࡜ࡢ๭ྜ

 ᅗ 3 ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ ㏻ヂ᪉ྥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྛࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢฟ⌧࡟ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ኱ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ᪥㉺᪉ྥ࡛ฟ⌧㢖ᗘࡀࡼࡾከ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࠕᪧ᝟ሗࡢ᚟ඖࠖ
㸦16.8 %㸧ࠊ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫ㸦23%㸧ࠊㄝ᫂ⓗ⾲⌧㸦11.8%㸧ཬࡧㄝ᫂ࡢ㏣ຍ㸦19.3%㸧
࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡈ࡜ࡢ㏻ヂ᪉ྥ࡟ࡼࡿ㐪࠸ࢆヲࡋࡃㄪ࡭࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ࡛ࡣᪧ᝟ሗ࡛ࡶ┬␎ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ
ࠕᪧ᝟ሗࡢ᚟ඖࠖࡀ᪥㉺᪉ྥ࡟ከࡃ⌧ࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ேࡣࠊఱ࠿ࢆ㉁ၥࡍࡿ๓࡟ࠊࠕ⚾ࡣࡇࡢ㉁ၥࢆࡋ
ࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ࣭࣭࣭ࠊ⚾ࡣࡕࡻࡗ࡜☜ㄆࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀ࣭࣭࣭ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ┠ⓗࢆ┦ᡭ࡟ఏ࠼࡚࠿ࡽᮏ㢟࡟ධࡿ⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࠿ࡽ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ࡟㏻ヂࡍࡿ3131

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)㝿࡟ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㓄៖࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊཎᩥ࡟௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞๓⨨ࡁࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊヂᩥ
࡟㏣ຍࡋ࡚ヂࡍഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ┦ᡭࡢᩥ໬࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ࠊ┦ᡭࡀ㉁ၥ࡟ᑐᛂ
ࡍࡿᚰࡢ‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᕤኵࡋࡓࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒí࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ᪉ྥ࡟ከࡃぢࡽࢀࡓ࡜ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿࠋࠕ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㞟ィ⤖ᯝࡣண᝿እ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲ࡢタᐃሙ㠃࡛ࡣࠊ఍㆟ࡀ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒࡛⾜࡞ࢃࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ᪥ᮏேࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶእே
࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ᪥ᮏேࡀ኱ኚ♩൤ṇࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆࡼࡃ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ᪥ᮏேࡢ┦ᡭ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᭦࡟୎ᑀ࡛ࠊ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫⓗ࡟㓄៖ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺௬ㄝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋุ᫂ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣண᝿እ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ
⤖ᯝࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢḟࡢẁ㝵࡛ヲࡋࡃ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ㉺᪥᪉ྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊฟ⌧ᅇᩘࡀከ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࠕᙉㄪࠖ㸦19%㸧ࠊࠕᩥࡢ෌ᵓ⠏ࠖ
㸦16.1%㸧ཬࡧࠕྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒࠖ㸦14.4%㸧ࠊࠕ᥋⥆モࡢ㏣ຍࠖ㸦2.3%㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᙉㄪࠖࡢ᭱ࡶฟ⌧㢖ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ᙧែࡣࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ࣮ࢫ࣐࣮࣮࢝㸦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࡀ࣭࣭࣭ࠊ
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ࣭࣭࣭㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚୺㢟ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿᙧែ࡜཯᚟࡟ࡼࡿᙧែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠸ࡎࢀࡢᙧࡶ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ヂࡍ᪉ྥ࡛ࡼࡾከࡃほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕᩥࡢ෌ᵓ⠏ࠖࡣ୺࡟㛗࠸ᩥࢆศ๭ࡍࡿᙧែ࡛⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢཎᩥ࡜࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢཎᩥࡢ㛗ࡉࢆẚ࡭࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢཎᩥࡢ࡯࠺ࡀᅽಽⓗ࡟㛗࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᝟ሗฎ⌮ᙧែࡀ࣋ࢺ
ࢼ࣒ㄒ࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟㏻ヂࡍࡿ᪉ྥ࡛ࡼࡾከࡃฟ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶ⌮ゎྍ⬟࡞⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࠕྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒࠖࡀ㉺᪥᪉ྥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ከࡃ⌧ࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ㦫ࡃ࡯࡝ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ
㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈࢫࣆ࣮࣮࡛࢝ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ࡛⪺࠸ࡓㄒᙡࢆព࿡
ࡀᑐᛂࡍࡿ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡢㄒᙡ࡟ࡍࡄኚ᥮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋㄒᙡゎ㔘࡜ᑐᛂㄒᙡࡢ᥈⣴㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊព࿡ࡀ㢮ఝࡍࡿᗄࡘ࠿ࡢㄒᙡࡀྠ᫬࡟ᾋࡧୖࡀࡾࠊ┦ᡭࡢㄗゎࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡗࡓㄒᙡࢆ౑ࡗࡓ࡜ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿࠋࠕ᥋⥆モࡢ㏣ຍࠖࡢ㞟ィ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢヰࡋᡭࡀẚ㍑ⓗㄽ⌮ⓗࠊୟࡘ▷ࡃ
Ⓨゝࡋࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ேࡢヰࡋᡭࡣᩥࢆ༊ษࡽࡎ෕㛗࡟ヰࡍ⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࠊ
㏻ヂ⪅ࡣࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ேࡢⓎゝࢆ㏻ヂࡋࡓ㝿࡟ࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ࡟ㄽ⌮ᛶࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
ࠕࡲࡎࠖࠊࠕḟ࡟ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᥋⥆モࢆ㏣ຍࡋࡓ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚῝ࡃࡑࡢ⫼ᬒࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ᭦࡟࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࡢ≉ᚩࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
5.2.4ព࿡ఏ㐩ຠᯝ௨ୗࠊ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡓヂᩥࡢព࿡ఏ㐩ຠᯝࡢ㞟ィ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽࠊ
ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ




32
32

᪥ᮏㄒ㸫࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮


⾲ 2 ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡓヂᩥ ࡢព࿡ఏ㐩ຠᯝࡢ㞟ィ⤖ᯝព࿡ఏ㐩㢖ᗘࡢྜィ㸦ᅇ㸧༑ศ

282

๭ྜ㸦%㸧㸦ྛẁ㝵ࡢព࿡ఏ㐩ຠᯝࡢྜィ㢖ᗘ㸦408 ᅇ㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿ๭ྜ㸧
69.1

୙㊊

62

15.2

㐣๫

64

15.7

ィ

408

100

ͤ ព࿡ఏ㐩ຠᯝࡣࠊヂᩥ༢఩࡛ ࡿࠋ༶ࡕࠊྠࡌヂᩥ࡛ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡓ࡜ࡋ
࡚ࡶࠊព࿡ఏ㐩ຠᯝࡣ୍ᅇࡢࡳホ౯ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

 ⾲ 3 ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࠕ༑ศࠖ࡞ព࿡ఏ㐩ࡀฟ᮶ࡓヂᩥࡀ⣙ 7 ๭࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕ୙㊊ࠖ࡜ࠕ㐣๫ࠖࡢព࿡ఏ㐩ࡢሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡲࡎ༑ศ࡞ព࿡ఏ㐩ࡢ๭ྜ࡯࡝ከࡃ
ࡣ࡞ࡽࡎࠊୟࡘఏ㐩᝟ሗࡀࠕ୙㊊ࠖ࠿ࠕ㐣๫࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࢥ
࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຠᯝࢆక࠺ヂ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡲࡎ☜ㄆฟ᮶ࡓࡢࡣࠊ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢ౑⏝ࡣࠊヂᩥࡢṇ☜ᛶ࡟Ṥ࡝ᨭ㞀ࢆࡁࡓࡉ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᭦࡟ࠊࡇࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࢆ㐺ษ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ␗ᩥ໬㛫ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ
ࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆᇙࡵࡽࢀࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຠᯝࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶᛮ
࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ᫂♧໬࡟ࡼࡿ␗ᩥ໬㛫ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡼࡾ῝ࡃ᥀ࡾୗࡆࠊᐈほⓗ࡟ศᯒ࡜⪃ᐹࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
6㸬⤊ࢃࡾ࡟
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ 6 ࡘࡢ᪥ᮏㄒí࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ཰㞟ࡋࠊ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࢆศᯒ࣭⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋBlum-Kulka 㸦1986㸧 ࡜
Baker 㸦1993㸧 ࡢࠕ᫂♧໬ࡣヂฟ㐣⛬ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞≉ᚩ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺᫂♧໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୺ᙇࢆᨵࡵ᳨࡚ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋ᪥ᮏㄒí࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
࡞᫂♧໬ࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࢆ Pym 㸦2005㸧࡟ೌ࠸ࠊ⩏ົⓗ᫂♧໬࡜௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬࡟኱ูࡋࡓࠋ᭦࡟ࠊ௵ពⓗ᫂♧໬ࢆ 8 ࡘࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟ୗ఩ศ㢮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋඛ⾜◊✲࡛᪤࡟ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᙉㄪࠖࠊࠕ㏣ຍࠖࠊࠕᪧ᝟ሗࡢ᚟ඖࠖࠊࠕ᥋⥆モࠖࠊࠕㄝ᫂ⓗ⾲⌧ࠖࠊࠕᩥࡢ෌ᵓ⠏ࠖࡢ௚࡟ࠊ᫂
♧໬࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲࡔὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠕྠ⩏ㄒ࣭㢮⩏ㄒࠖཬࡧࠕ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽぢࡿ᫂♧໬ࠖࡶᮏ◊✲࡛ほᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏㄒí࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒ㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋᮏ✏ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟ࡣࠊ᫂♧໬ࡢά⏝ࡣព࿡ఏ㐩࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ຠᯝࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮏ◊✲ࡔࡅ࡛࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒí᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㏻ヂ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢆࡍ࡭࡚⥙⨶ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡎࠊ㏻ヂሙ㠃ࡀ␗࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ௚ࡢ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡶ
ぢࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡢά⏝࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡔ῝ࡃ᥀ࡾୗࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚◊✲ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
3333

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)......................................................
࠙ ⴭ⪅⤂௓ࠚ ࢢ࢚࣭ࣦࣥ࢓࣭ࣥࢸ࢕࣭࣑ࣥ㸦NGUYEN VAN THI MINH㸧ᮾிእᅜㄒ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⥲ྜᅜ㝿Ꮫ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ᅾᏛ୰ࠋ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࠊࣁࣀ࢖ᅜᐙ኱Ꮫእᅜㄒ኱Ꮫࡢᖖ໅᪥ᮏㄒ
ㅮᖌࠋࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥࢫ㏻ヂ࣭⩻ヂ⪅ࠋ......................................................
࠙ ㅰ㎡ ࠚ
ᮏ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊࡈᣦᑟࢆ㡬࠸ࡓ᪩ὠᜨ⨾Ꮚᩍᤵ࡟ឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ㄽᩥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡈぶษ࡟ࡈᣦ᦬࣭ࡈᣦᑟୗࡉ࠸ࡲࡋࡓᰝㄞ⪅ࡢඛ⏕᪉ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ཰㞟࡟༠ຊࡋ࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓⓙᵝ࡟ࡶㅰពࢆ⾲ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠙ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ࠚ 
Baker, M. (1993). Corpus linguist ics and translat ion studies: Implicat ions andapplicat ions. In M. Baker et al. (Eds.), Text and technology: In honor of John Sinclair .
Amst erdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. (pp. 223-250).
Becher, V. (2010). Abandoning t he not ion of translat ion-inherent explicit at ion against adogma of translat ion studies. In Across Languages and Cultures 11 (1), 1-28.
Blum-Kulka, S. (1986). Shift s of cohesion and coherence in translat ion. In House, J. andBlum-Kulka, S. (Eds). Interlingual and Intercultural Communication: Discourse andcognition in translation and second language acquisition studies . Tubugen: Gunter
Narr. (pp.17-35).
Frankenberg-Garcia, A. (2009). “Are translat ions longer t han source text s? A corpus based study of explicitat ion”. In Beeby, A., Rodríguez, P. & Sánchez -Gijón, P. (eds.)
Corpus Use and Translating. Amst erdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, (pp. 4758). pre-publicat ion version
Gumul, E. (2006). Explicitat ion in simultaneous int erpret ing: a strategy or a by -product oflanguage mediat ion?. Across Languages and Cultures. 7(2), 171-190.
Kamenická, Renata. (2008). Explicit at ion profile and translator st yle. In Pym, A. &Perekrestenko, A. (Eds.), Translation Research Projects 1. (pp. 117-130). Tarragona:
Intercultural studies group.
Klaudy, K. (1998). Exp licitat ion. In Baker, M., & Saldanha, G. (Eds.), Routledge
Encyclopedia of Translation Studies (2nd ed.) (pp.104-108). London: Rout ledge. 
Klaudy, K. & Károly. K. (2005). Implicitat ion in translat ion: empirical evidence for
operat ional asymmetry in translat ion. Across Languages and Cultures 6 (1), 3-28.

3434᪥ᮏㄒ㸫࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࡢ཮᪉ྥ㏻ヂ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᫂♧໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮


Liu, M. (2010). A Corpus-based invest igat ion into the feature of “Explicit at ion”
Journalist ic Chinese-Japanese translat ion. Interpretating and translation studies
No.10, 121-140.
Olohan, M. & Baker, M. (2000). Report ing that in translated English: Evidence forsubconcious processes of explicit at ion?. Across Languages and Cultures 1 (2), 141-158.
Olohan, M. (2004). Introducing Corpora in Translation Studies. London and New York:
Rout ledge.
ĭveras, L. (1998). In search of t he th Ӎrd code: An invest igat ion of norms in lit erarytranslat ion. Meta. 43 (4), 557-570.
Pápai, V. (2004). Explicit at ion – A universal of translated text ? In Mauranen, A. &Kujamaki, P. (Eds.), Translation Universals: Do they exist? Amst erdam &Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Pym, A. (2005). Explaining explicit at ion. In Károly , K. & Fóris, Á. (Eds.), New Trends inTranslation Studies. In honour of Kinga Klaudy. (pp. 29–34) . Budapest: Akadémiai
Kiadó.
Seguinot, C. (1988). Pragmat ics and the explicit at ion hypothesis. TTR: Traduction,
Terminologie, Rédaction 1(2), 106-114.
Vinay, J-P. & Darbelnet, J. (1995). Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A
methodology for translation (Sager, J.C. & Hamel, M.-J. trans.). Amsterdam/
Philadelphia: John Benjamins (Original work published in 1958).
Ᏹబ⨾ࡲࡺࡳ㸦2011㸧ࠕᨵゞ∧㸸ᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᩥᏐ໬ࡢཎ๎㸦Basic Transcr ipt ion Syst em forJapanese: BTSJ㸧2007 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 31 ᪥ᨵゞ∧ࠖࠗㄯヰ◊✲࡜᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ᭷ᶵⓗ⤫ྜࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏ⓗ◊✲࡜࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ᩍᮦࡢヨస࠘ᖹᡂ 15-18 ᖺᗘ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠 ᇶ┙◊✲ B(2)㸦◊✲௦⾲⪅ Ᏹబ⨾ࡲࡺࡳ㸧◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩
㝞⮺ῷ 㸦2007㸧ࠕ㓄៖࠿ࡽぢࡿ᪥ᮏㄒ఍ヰࡢ๓⨨ࡁ⾲⌧í㓄៖ࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚íࠖࠗゝㄒᩥ໬Ꮫ◊✲ゝㄒ᝟ሗ⦅➨ 2 ྕ࠘኱㜰ᗓ❧኱Ꮫே㛫♫఍◊✲⛉⣖せ㸸99í115.
࣐ࣥࢹ࢖, J. 㸦2009㸧㫽㣫⋪⨾Ꮚ࣭┘ヂࠗ⩻ヂᏛධ㛛࠘ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ ࠕཎⴭ: Munday, J.
㸦2008)ࠖ
ⰼᒸಟ 㸦1999㸧 “An Exploratory Study of Explicit at ion Strategies in News Translat ion”ࠗᮾி㒔❧⯟✵ᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ◊✲⣖せ࠘➨ 36 ྕ㸸107í119.
ⰼᒸಟ㸦2000㸧ࠕᨺ㏦㏻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᫂♧໬ࡢ᪉␎ࠖࠗ㏻ヂ◊✲࠘➨ 0 ྕ㸦᪥ᮏ㏻ヂᏛ఍タ❧グᛕ㸧≉ูྕ㸸69-85 ᮾி㸸㏻ヂ⌮ㄽ◊✲఍

3535

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)36
36