CONTENTS
Preface

2Program

3Abstracts
Russ C. Schnell (NOAA, USA)
The Air We Breathe- It Is Not What It Used To Be!

4Paolo Laj (EUSAAR, France)
The ABC-Pyramid, a High Altitude (5100m) Aerosol Station in Himalayas
The EUSAAR Integrated Infrastructure Project

56Leonard A. Barrie (WMO, Switzerland)
The Contribution of High Mountain Observatories in the WMO Global Atmosphere
Watch (GAW) To Global Earth Observations

7N.-H. Lin (National Central University, Taiwan)
Mt. Lulin (2862 m MSL) as a Regional Background Station in SE Asia

8Yoon Shin Kim (Hanyang University, Korea)
A Proposal: Mt. Changbai as an Asian Baseline Station for Air Monitoring

19

P R E FA C EThis is the third International Workshop on Mt. Fuji Project organized by NPO “ValidUtilization of Mt. Fuji Weather Station”, under the sponsorship of Dentsu Inc. As a very lucky
coincidence, the year 2007 is the 80th anniversary for the Dentsu’s Mt. Fuji climb involving itemployees. In commemoration of this company tradition, Dentsu and NPO “Valid Utilization ofMt. Fuji Weather Station” will jointly organize a conference, the “World Eco-Science NetworkConference”, which will be had on July 17, 2007. Thus, this international workshop, today, is
one of the satellite meetings of the above big conference of tomorrow.
The first workshop and symposium were held on March 3-4, 2006 in Tokyo, which wasorganized by the NPO “Valid Utilization of Mt. Fuji Weather Station” under the sponsorship ofTaisei History and Environmental Fund, supported by Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Taisei
Corporation and Fujikyuko Corporation. Dr. R. Schnell (NOAA, MLO), Prof. P. Bartsch(University of Heiderberg) and Prof. Y.S. Kim (Hang-Yang University) were invited and madeimpressive lectures on atmospheric pollutant, on high altitude medical research and on
atmospheric observation network, respectively. Very active and constructive discussions werehad.
The second workshop and symposium were held on Nov. 22-23, 2006 at the University of Tokyo,
under the sponsorship of JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) fund, No.18631002
in 2006 for the research “Mt. Fuji Project: For the establishment of a high mountainobservation platform of extreme environment” (the representative researcher being YukikoDokiya, Edogawa University).
In the present workshop in order to deepen the mutual collaboration as well as to develop theinterdisciplinary mountain research network, 5 invited papers will be presented, followed by
the discussions with the commentators of the similar fields.

Organizers
Prof. Yukiko Dokiya (Edogawa University),Prof. Shiro Hatakeyama (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology),
Dr. Yasuhito Igarashi (Meteorological Research Institute),
Prof. Yasunobu Iwasaka (Kanazawa University),Prof. Yoshizumi Kajii (Tokyo Metropolitan University),
Dr. Naoki Kaneyasu (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology),
Prof. Yoko Katayama (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology),Ass. Prof. Yukiya Minami (Ishikawa Prefectural University)

2

3rd International Workshop on Mt. Fuji Project
ProgramDate: July 16, 2007
Time: 13:00-16:30 (Workshop on atmospheric chemistry), 16:50- (Reception)
Place: Archadia Ichigaya
4-2-7, Kudan-Kita, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
phone: 03-3261-9921 (+81-3-3261-9921)

Room Myoko (Workshop), Room Yoshino and Chokai (Reception)

Opening Addresses
1. Prof. Yukiko Dokiya (Edogawa University, Japan)
2. Dr. Russ C. Schnell (NOAA, USA)
The Air We Breathe – It Is Not What It Used To Be!

Invited Presentation (Chairs: Prof. Yukiko Dokiya and Dr. Russ C. Schnell)
1. Dr. Paolo Laj (EUSAAR, France)
The ABC-Pyramid, a High Altitude (5100m) Aerosol Station in Himalayas
2. Dr. Paolo Laj (EUSAAR, France)
The EUSAAR Integrated Infrastructure Project
3. Dr. Leonard A. Barrie(WMO, Switzerland)
The Contribution of High Mountain Observatories in the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch(GAW) To Global Earth Observations
4. Prof. N.-H. Lin (National Central University, Taiwan)
Mt. Lulin (2862 m MSL) as a Regional Background Station in SE Asia
5. Prof. Yoon Shin Kim (Hanyang University, Korea)
A proposal: Mt. Changbai as an Asian Baseline Station for Air Monitoring

Comments and discussionCommentators: Prof. Shiro Hatakeyama (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)
Prof. Yasunobu Iwasaka (Kanazawa University)
Dr. Ken’ichi Ueno (Tsukuba University)

Reception

Contact person: Prof. Yukiko Dokiya (Edogawa University)
Tel.04-7152-0661, Fax 04-7154-2490, e-mail: dokiya@edogawa-u.ac.jp

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The Air We Breathe - It Is Not What It Used To Be!
Russ C. Schnell
Director
Observatory and Global Network Operations
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
E-mail: Russell.C.Schnell@noaa.gov

As humans consume fossil fuels through combustion, the resulting gases collect in theatmosphere and trap increasing amounts of the Earth's heat. Also, chemicals produced by
mankind evaporate and/or leak into the atmosphere where they produce new chemical
reactions, the most notable being the destruction of stratospheric ozone and the formation of
the Antarctic "Ozone Hole" through CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) reactions on the stratosphericozone. Since the atmosphere is very thin and air flows around the Earth on timescales of a
few weeks to a month, natural and anthropogenic effluents are rapidly transported around theglobe.

Various countries have set up atmospheric monitoring stations both at sea level and at

higher elevations to measure the movement and concentrations of these effluents. Mauna Loa
Observatory, established in 1956 in Hawaii, was one of the first such station to measure carbon
dioxide and aerosols, although meteorological and related measurements were conducted on
Mount Fuji, Japan as early as 1898.
In recent times the rapid growth of the economies in mainland Asia, coupled withpredominate west-to-east winds, has allowed for the transport of ever increasing anthropogenic
effluents off the Asian continent to offshore islands and across the Pacific Ocean to North
America.

These effluents are best monitored at high elevation stations away from moistureand clouds often found near sea level.

Taiwan has recently established a high altitude,

mountain-top atmospheric station to monitor the outflow of effluents from the Asian mainland.
Since Mount Fuji is the tallest mountain peak in the region, it is ideally suited to monitor
effluents from a more northerly location. Together, these two stations will be able to better
quantify both the impact of these effluents on the atmosphere in their respective countries, andto monitor the potential effects of the effluents on the health of their citizens.

4The ABC-Pyramid, a High Altitude(5100m) Aerosol Station in Himalayas
Paolo Laj
Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand
Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique
Université de Clermont-Ferrand, France
E-mail: P.Laj@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr

The Himalayan-Karakorum range, lies in the middle of two of the most denselypopulated and very rapidly growing area of the world: India and China. Monitoring
atmospheric composition in this area plays a relevant role in evaluating the Asian backgroundconditions of the free troposphere, in quantifying the pollution levels at high altitudes as wellas in studying regional and long range transport phenomena.
In the framework of the Ev-K2-CNR SHARE-ASIA and UNEP-ABC projects, theremote monitoring station ABC-Pyramid Observatory has been installed in the Khumbu valley
at 5079 m a.s.l, near the Ev-K2-CNR International Pyramid Laboratory. The “state of the art”
laboratory shelter was designed

by ISAC-CNR (Bologna, Italy)

andLaMP-CNRS(Clermont-Ferrand, France) researchers to permit the monitoring and sampling of atmosphericcompounds (aerosol and gases) at high altitude.
The experimental activity at the Observatory is carried out using renewable energy by
96 photovoltaic panels. All the online instrumentation is completely autonomous and remotelycontrolled, while the human assistance is necessary for the off-line measurements (aerosol
sampling on filters, greenhouse gases sampling on flasks) and for some maintenance
operations. Measurements and instrumentation status are accessible on-line from ISAC-CNR(Bologna) and from OPGC-CNRS (Clermont-Ferrand) for any remote intervention.
In this talk, we will illustrate the technical solutions and the results from the first yearof activity.

5The EUSAAR Integrated Infrastructure Project
Paolo Laj
Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand
Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique
Université de Clermont-Ferrand, France
E-mail: P.Laj@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr

The EUSAAR project is funded by the EU under the integrated infrastructure
initiative.

Its main objective is the integration of measurements of atmospheric aerosol

properties performed in a distributed network of 20 high quality European ground-based
stations (Supersites). This integration contributes to a sustainable and reliable operational
service in support of policy issues on air quality, long-range transport of pollutants and climatechange. The lack of coordination programs for non-regulated measurements of aerosol
properties is considered a major gap in Earth Observation that urgently needs to be filled. The
objective of the networking activities is to ensure most efficient use of available resources by 1harmonization and validation of current measurement of particle optical, physical andchemical properties performed at Supersites as these are critical to ensure their scientific value
2- centralization of the validated measurements in a common data base accessible to all users
and 3- spreading good practices and disseminate information on new protocols andinter-calibration procedures both within and outside the project. The joint research activities
have the common objectives to develop affordable and sustainable solutions to improvemonitoring strategies and products that will advance up-to-date data reporting across Europe.
This concerns retrieval of the aerosol column through a novel technology, development of a newgeneration of humidity-controlled aerosol instruments and new methodologies for real-time
acquisition and diffusion of aerosol parameters.
A major concern of EUSAAR is that networking and joint research activities
consolidate current observation effort and to contribute to good practice at aerosol monitoring
stations worldwide.

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The Contribution of High Mountain Observatories in theWMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) To Global Earth Observations
Leonard A. Barrie
Director
Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme
World Meteorological Organization
BP2300, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
E-mail: Lbarrie@wmo.intThe GAW programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) focuses upon
the role of atmospheric chemistry in global change issues. It consists of a partnership ofmanagers, scientists and technical expertise from approximately 80 countries. Recognizing theneed to bring scientific data and information to bear in the formulation of national andinternational policy, the GAW mission is threefold: (i) reduce environmental risks to society andmeet the requirements of environmental conventions, (ii) strengthen capabilities to predictclimate, weather and air quality and (iii) contribute to scientific assessments in support ofenvironmental policy. It does this by: (a) maintaining and applying global, long-term
observations of the chemical composition and selected physical characteristics of theatmosphere, (b) emphasising quality assurance and quality control and (c) delivering
integrated products and services of relevance to users.
High Mountain Observatories are an important subset of the 24 station Global
observatories and approximately 300 Regional stations that comprise the GAW network. The
focus of GAW is on six variable groups related to air chemistry’s role in climate, weather, air
quality and long range transport/deposition of air pollution. These are: greenhouse gases,ozone, ultra violet radiation, aerosols, selected reactive gases and precipitation chemistry. For
each group, there are science advisory groups maintaining measurement guidelines and data
quality objectives as well as WMO Member-supported quality assurance, calibration andtraining centres, observatories and data integration/analysis centres (World Data Centres).
Observational programmes and results at GAW high mountain observatories are reviewed.
The potential role of the Mt Fuji observatory in an integrated global atmospheric chemistry
network is explored.

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Mt. Lulin (2862 m MSL) as a Regional Background Station in SE Asia
N.-H. Lin1, C.-T. Lee2, J.-L. Wang3, G.-R. Sheu1, C.-F. Ouyang3, and Shuenn-Chin Chang4
1Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
2Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li,Taiwan
3Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
4Department of Environmental Monitoring and Information Management, Environmental

Protection Administration, Taipei 100, Taiwan
E-mail: nhlin@cc.ncu.edu.tw
Keywords: Precipitation chemistry; Aerosol chemistry; Trace gas; High elevation; Mercury

The Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (LABS) in Taiwan held its grand opening
for operation on 13 April 2006. It is located at the Lulin Mt. (2,862 m MSL; 23028'07"N,120052’25"E) in central Taiwan. The LABS is unique because its location and altitude canenhance the global network of GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) in the Southeast Asian region
where no high-elevation baseline station is available.

Our site is located between the GAWWaliguan station (3,810 m) in Tibetian plateau and Mauna Loa Observatory (3,397m) inHawaii. Trajectory study indicates that this site provides us a great of chances to observe avariety of air mass originated from contaminated or clear source regions, giving a distinctive
contrast of atmospheric changes.

Present continuous operations include precipitation

chemistry, aerosol chemistry, trace gases (CO, O3, CFCs, VOCs), mercury, atmosphericradiation, and meteorological variables.
with US NOAA, NASA and EPA.

International collaborations have been extended

In order to assess the background air chemistry of the LABS,

a pilot study on precipitation chemistry, aerosol chemistry, CO flask sampling and manualcollection of atmospheric mercury have been conducted since the spring of 2003. In thispresentation, we will report the results from the pilot study and later continuous
measurements of aforementioned species. The pH values of weekly precipitation samples
generally ranged in 5.0-5.6, reflecting a CO2-equilibrated background value. Comparison
between Mt. Fuji and Mt. Lulin will be also made.

Intensive measurements of aerosol

chemistry were made basically two weeks for each season. The speciation for elemental,gaseous and particulate Hg was determined using a continuous analyzer.

The optical depth at

the wavelength of 500 nm was categorized with respect to source regions. Continuous data of
CO and O3 are included for discussion. Case studies to show the impact of various air masses
on air chemistry of LABS will be also presented.

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A Proposal: Mt. Changbai as an Asian Baseline Station for Air Monitoring
Yoon Shin Kim
Professor & Director
Institute of Environmental & Industrial Medicine (IEIM)
College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, KOREA
E-mail: yoonshin@hanyang.ac.kr

Recently Mt. Changbai, where is located between China and North Korea, has been
given international attention in terms of forest conservation as the highest mountain in Korea.
As Asian dust becomes worse, various studies related to its components, airborne transfer
route and health effect have been performed in South Korea in addition to international
collaboration among Korea, China and Japan in order to prevent public health from it. Basedon such a aspect, to install air monitoring station for measuring Asian dust in Mt. Changbai
has a considerable significance as international-jointed work as well as academic value.
Although a conference related to research plan for monitoring Asian dust in Mt. Changbai,suggested by Prof. Yoon Shin Kim, has been held in Korea and Japan every year since 2000, itsconducting potential was only reviewed owing to other politic, social and economic situations
faced with each country. Through continuous efforts, however, affirmative permission that air
monitoring station can be set up in area around the Institute of Chinese Atmospheric Physics
located in Mt. Changbai was granted by China. Thus, many scholars of Korea, China andJapan will have interest in devising various research subjects related to air monitoring for
Asian dust in the future.
Additionally, it is expected that such a collaborative study among Korea, China andJapan could devote to globally environmental conservation if the project of air monitoring for
Asian dust in Mt. Changbai was begun.

9