Seven Dialogues

for Future Researchand Science
with Early Career
Researchers

Program for the Developmentof Next-generation Leading Scientists
with Global Insight（L-INSIGHT）
HeKKSaGOn・L-INSIGHT
Spin-off Program, 2022［HLSP］

Online Forum2 December, 2022
17: 30- JST | 9: 30- CET
Fridaypart i outline

PART I̶OUTLINE01

Introduction

02
03
04
05
06
08

Contents
Introduction
Greeting 1
Greeting 2
Gallery View
Topics & Speakers

Dialogues

On 2 December 2022, L-INSIGHT held the second “Seven Dialogues for Future
Research and Science with Early Career Researchers.” In this forum, L-INSIGHT
fellows and German university researchers engaged in dialogues on trans-disciplinary
topics. These topics were proposed by the former as ones that should be discussed forthe development of future research. This year’s event was jointly organized by Kyoto
University, Heidelberg University, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), and the
University of Göttingen. It was the University of Göttingen’s first time joining. With
the cooperation of the Kyoto University European Center, the forum’s network was
expanded to cover all of German universities and institutions.. Forty speakers fromtwelve institutions discussed seven topics, and the audience consisted of people fromtwenty-five institutions in both Japan and Germany.

12
15
17
20
26
31
38

Dialogue 1
Dialogue 2
Dialogue 3
Dialogue 4
Dialogue 5
Dialogue 6
Dialogue 7

Professor YOKOYAMA Mika first offered opening remarks. She is the Director of
Kyoto University’s European Center, which has played a central role as a liaison officefor HeKKSaGOn (an alliance of six universities in Germany and Japan). Dr. Klaus
Rümmele, the head of international affairs at KIT, then spoke about the importanceof creating an environment where early career researchers can take advantage of
their talents.

PART I

OutlinePART IIPART III

Commentary
42
43
44

Commentary 1
Commentary 2
Commentary 3

46
47

Closing Remarks 1
Closing Remarks 2PART IV

Closingpart i outline

part i outline

Contents

In the group dialogues, participants were divided into groups of three to seven speakers
from multiple academic disciplines and engaged in lively discussions based on theirown knowledge and perspectives chaired by seven L-INSIGHT fellows.
In the general discussion, the L-INSIGHT fellows who chaired the sessions sharedthings they had realized during the dialogues. This included differences and similarities in how issues are perceived in different cultures and fields, as well as the importance of promoting the involvement of early career researchers and citizens when
making policies that implement research results in society.
In response, commentators offered their thoughts on the value of transdisciplinary
research and how to continue such efforts. First, Professor Dr. TANAKA Motomu at
Heidelberg University expressed his high hopes that the cross-disciplinary combinationof physics, applied mathematics and information science could lead to breakthroughs in
MRI imaging technology. Professor Dr. Thomas Kneib at the University of Göttingen,then suggested that establishing specific methodologies for collaboration, through data
scientification and other means, will help researchers in different fields continue theirrelationships. Finally, Professor Dr. KONO Yasuyuki of Kyoto University noted thatthe real world is interdisciplinary, and that the essence of interdisciplinary discussions
lies in understanding the unique logic of each discipline.

L-INSIGHTHeKKSaGOn

02

The Program for the Development of Next-generation Leading Scientists with Global
Insight (L-INSIGHT) aims to develop, validate, and spread programs to train thenext-generation of world-class researchers with global insight who can spearhead newpaths to the future.
Program Director: Prof. Dr. AKAMATSU Akihiko

The German-Japanese University Alliance (HeKKSaGOn) was founded in 2010 as an
association of three German and three Japanese universities. HeKKSaGOn stands for
the Heidelberg – Kyoto – Karlsruhe – Tohoku/Sendai – Göttingen – Osaka – alliance.
The partner universities of HeKKSaGOn share the conviction that important global
problems can be solved only through interdisciplinary and international cooperationand through the open exchange of knowledge. It places a strong value on high-quality
teaching within an environment of internationally competitive research.

In closing, Nicole Dorn of Heidelberg University sent her compliments to the
speakers and audience members and expressed her hope that people will continue
to cross borders, such as those dividing academic customs and countries. The forum
was brought to a close by Professor Emeritus AKAMATSU Akihiko, the director of
the Strategic Development Hub for Early Career Researchers, who thanked all those
involved. The forum was moderated by Sabine Schenk of the Heidelberg University
Office, Kyoto (HUOK).
We plan to further deepen its collaboration mutually, and continue its efforts so thatearly career researchers can continuously use this series of forums as an open and international platform.
Plans are being made so that the researchers who spoke at this forum can begin reciprocal visits to gain new experiences and engage in further discussions.
On behalf of the organizers
̶

Kyoto University
̶

NAKANO Asa

03

Good morning and good evening, everyone. Thank you for participating in today’s
meeting, Seven Dialogues for Future Research and Science with Early Career
Researchers. My name is Mika Yokoyama. I’m a law professor at Kyoto University
and the university’s European Center director. Our mission at the center is to promoteacademic exchange with European universities. I’m very pleased to see you today.
This is a joint program organized by Kyoto University with HeKKSaGOn alliancemembers. It aims to facilitate academic exchange among the alliance’s early career
researchers so that they can examine today’s interdisciplinary subjects from global andlong-term perspectives and rethink their own ideas. We started this program last yearwith great success. It was really exciting for everyone, including early career researchersand senior researchers like me, to participate in the discussions. I’m very happy tojoin you today. I would like to thank the organizers for their thorough preparations,especially Asa Nakano. I hope all of you enjoy what we have to offer and get somethingfrom the discussions.
Deputy Executive Vice-President,
Director of Kyoto University European Center,
Kyoto University̶Prof. YOKOYAMA Mika

Greeting 2

It’s a great pleasure to welcome you to this event, Seven Dialogues for Future
Research and Science with Early Career Researchers. I would also like to send you thewarm greetings of Thomas Hirth, our Vice-President for Transfer and International
Affairs. He would love to be here. As we heard, the internationalization of young
researchers is an important aim of Kyoto University. This is one of the several aims
and values that we share. We’re working together to do this in HeKKSaGOn. At
German universities such as KIT, promoting young talent plays an important role.
One focus of this is enabling them to feel secure and open-minded in an international
and intercultural environment.

part i outline

part i outline

Greeting 1

This covers their abilities as experts in science and engineering; sharing, and also
reflecting on, their ideas and scientific approaches with researchers from all over theworld; and working side by side with such researchers in large research contexts,
laboratories, and seminars. HeKKSaGOn is an excellent platform for fostering this
distinctive experience. One example, which deals with today’s topics, is the “Life& Natural Science Fusion” working group. It assists early career researchers fromJapan and Germany in participating in interdisciplinary work and interacting withcolleagues from various scientific and cultural backgrounds. It helps them to learn tocross borders.
This shows that promoting young talent goes beyond strengthening professional abilities. It’s also about learning soft skills and broadening horizons. At KIT, this begins
with the students. The House of Competence helps them to develop their learning
strategies, digital capacities, and presentation techniques. The Karlsruhe House ofYoung Scientists supports doctoral students and postdocs in networking, funding,and mobility. And, moreover, KIT offers early career researchers a young investigator
network where they can organize and speak for themselves.
They all have access to our Academy for Responsible Research, Teaching, andInnovation, which addresses the increasing social need for ethical reflection in engineering and scientific practices, and also promotes students, scientists, and engineers’
critical mindsets.
Today’s program is a great opportunity for all of you to discuss, interact, and network.
I would like to thank our dear partners from Kyoto University for taking the lead inorganizing this event. I wish all the participants hours of inspiration and fun. Enjoy
it. Thank you very much.
Head of International Affairs Business Unit,
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
̶

Dr. Klaus Rümmele

04

05

part i outline

part i outline

07
06

Gallery View

JST

CET

part ii dialogues

part i outline

Topics & Speakers
Speakers| Opening |17:30 09:30

Opening remarks

Prof. YOKOYAMA Mika

Dr. Klaus Rümmele

Deputy Executive Vice-President, Head of International
Director of Kyoto University
Affairs Business Unit,
European Center, Kyoto University Karlsruhe Institute of Technology| Parallel dialogues |17:40 09:40 Dialogue

1

Surgical management
and biomarker-driven
cancer therapy
for gastrointestinal
cancer patients

Dialogue2

Hydrological researchin 2050

Dr. OKAMURA Ryosuke
L-INSIGHT fellow /Kyoto University Hospital /Assistant Professor

Dr. Simon Schaub

Dr. YAMAMOTO Eva

Institute of Political Science,
Heidelberg University

Disaster Prevention
Research Institute,
Kyoto University

Dr. Aulia Febianda Anwar
Tinumbang
Graduate School of Engineering,
Kyoto University

Dr. YAMADA Masafumi

Dr. Maike Hohberg

L-INSIGHT fellow /Graduate School of Medicine,
Kyoto University /Assistant Professor

Computational Statistics,
Genomic Epidemiology Group,
Department of Medical Statistics,
German Cancer Research Center
University Medical Center(DKFZ)
Göttingen, University of Göttingen Tomislav Vlaski
Junior-Prof. Dr. Tim Mathes
Division of Clinical Epidemiology
Department of Medical Statistics,
and Aging Research,
University Medical Center
German Cancer Research Center
Göttingen, University of Göttingen (DKFZ)

Dr. SHIRAISHI Kosuke

5

7

Dr. Islam Khattab

Institute for Biological Interfaces,
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Dr. Jerome Foo

Department of Genetic
Department of Psychiatry
Epidemiology in Psychiatry,and Psychotherapy,
Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Göttingen
Medical Faculty Mannheim,
Heidelberg University

Dr. EGUCHI Kana

Dr. Sebastian Herberger

Konrad Waschkies

Dr. Nicolai Spicher

L-INSIGHT fellow /Interdisciplinary Center
Graduate School of Medicine,of Sleep Medicine,
Kyoto University /Charité – Universitätsmedizin,
Program-Specific Assistant Professor Berlin

Department of Medical Informatics,
University Medical Center
Göttingen, University of Göttingen

Dr. IIMA Mami

Dr. Felix Kurz

L-INSIGHT fellow /Kyoto University Hospital /Assistant Professor

PD Dr. Sebastian Bickelhaupt
Institute for Radiology,
University Hospital Erlangen

A/Prof. Dr.
Dimitrios Karampinos

dialogue 7

Dialogue

Bridging the gap between
macro and micro scalein tumor imaging

Max Planck Institutefor Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg

dialogue 6

6Prof. Dr. Tobias Erb

Center for Organismal Studies,
Heidelberg University

L-INSIGHT fellow /Kyoto University Hospital /Assistant Professor
Faculty of Law,
Universität Hamburg

Dialogue

Gideon Bergheim

Dr. ISOBE Masanori

Kelly Amal Dhru, LL.M.

How healthcare technology
should overcome
the digital literacy gap
in the aged society?

Heidelberg Institute of Global
Health, Epidemiology of Transition,
Heidelberg University Hospital,
Heidelberg University

dialogue 5

Dialogue

How human species
will be, can be, should be

apl. Prof. Dr. Volker Winkler

dialogue 44Pelin Ünaldialogue 3

Dr. INOUE Kosuke

How can/should we integrate L-INSIGHT fellow /Graduate School of Agriculture,
the knowledge ofphyllosphere plant-microbe Kyoto University /Assistant Professor
interactions into policy
dialogues at the global level?

DIALOGUES

dialogue 2

Dialogue

Disaster Prevention
Research Institute,
Kyoto University

Disaster Prevention
Research Institute,
Kyoto University

Head of Departmentof Medical Statistics,
University Medical Center
Göttingen, University of Göttingen MORI Yuichiro
Graduate School of Medicine,
Kyoto University

̶

Dr. YAMAMOTO Kodai

Geoscience Center,
University of Göttingen

Prof. Dr. Tim FriedePART II

dialogue 1

Prof. Dr. Martin Sauter3

Department of Experimental
Department of Medical Informatics, Surgery, Cancer Metastasis,
University Medical Center
Heidelberg University
Göttingen, University of Göttingen Dr. Nitin Patil
Department of Experimental
Surgery, Cancer Metastasis,
Heidelberg University

L-INSIGHT fellow /Graduate School of Engineering,
Kyoto University /Assistant Professor
Institute of Geography,
Heidelberg University

Dialogue

Dr. Jörg Leupold

Dr. TANAKA Tomohiro

Guyen Battuvshin

The role of epidemiology
and statistics
in healthcare sciencein 2030

Prof. Dr.
Anne-Christin Hauschild

Division of Radiology, German
Experimental Magnetic
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
Dr. Van Anh Tu
Resonance Imaging,Experimental Magnetic
School of Medicine & Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Resonance Imaging,
School of Medicine & Munich
Technical University of Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering,Technical University of Munich| General discussion |18:55 10:55
19:25 11:25

Wrap-ups from each group (5min.×7groups)
Comments from guests
Prof. Dr. Thomas Kneib

Prof. Dr. TANAKA Motomu

Dean of research at the Faculty
Institute for Physical Chemistry,of Business and Economic Sciences, Heidelberg University
University of Göttingen
19:40 11:40

08

Closing

Nicole Dorn

Prof. Dr. AKAMATSU AkihikoInternational Relations Division,
Department Study Abroad,Exchange Programmes,
International Cooperation,
Heidelberg University

Director,
The Strategic Development Hub
for Early Career Researchers,
Kyoto University

Prof. Dr. KONO Yasuyuki
Vice President,
Director International Strategy Office,Kyoto University

09

part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

dialogue 1

dialogue 1

Kyoto University

Kyoto University

Kyoto University

Kyoto University

・Dr. ISOBE Masanori

Kyoto University

・Dr. EGUCHI Kana

Heidelberg University

・Dr. IIMA Mami

University of Göttingen・Dr. Jerome Foo

German Cancer Research Center・Dr. Nicolai Spicher
Charité – Universitätsmedizin,

・Konrad Waschkies

Berlin・Kelly Amal Dhru, LL.M.

Technical University of Munich

・Dr. Sebastian Herberger ・A/Prof. Dr.
Dimitrios Karampinos・Dr. Van Anh Tu

17p

20p

26p

31p

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

1 23 4567
15p

dialogue 6

dialogue 6

University Hospital Erlangen

・PD Dr.
Sebastian Bickelhaupt

dialogue 5

dialogue 5

Universität Hamburg

・Dr. Felix Kurz

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

University of Göttingen(DKFZ)

dialogue 3

dialogue 3・Dr. OKAMURA Ryosuke ・Dr. TANAKA Tomohiro ・Dr. INOUE Kosuke・Dr. SHIRAISHI Kosuke
Dr.
Aulia
Febianda
Anwar
MORI
Yuichiro・・
Heidelberg University
Heidelberg University
Tinumbang
German Cancer Research Center ・Gideon Bergheim
・Dr. YAMADA Masafumi
・Dr. Jörg Leupold(DKFZ)
・Dr. YAMAMOTO Eva・Dr. Nitin Patil
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
・Dr. YAMAMOTO Kodai ・Pelin ÜnalUniversity of Göttingen・Tomislav Vlaski・Dr. Islam Khattab
Heidelberg University
・Prof. Dr.
Heidelberg University
Max Planck InstituteAnne-Christin Hauschild ・Guyen Battuvshin
for Terrestrial Microbiology,
・Dr. Simon Schaub
・apl. Prof. Dr.
Marburg
Volker Winkler
University of Göttingen
・Prof. Dr. Tobias Erb
Universityof
Göttingen
Prof.
Dr.
MartinSauter・・Prof. Dr. Tim Friede・Dr. Maike Hohberg
・Junior-Prof. Dr.
Tim Mathes

12p

10

Kyoto University

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

Kyoto University

38p

11

1

Summary

L-INSIGHT fellow / Kyoto University Hospital / Assistant Professor
Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Göttingen,
University of Göttingen

Department of Experimental Surgery, Cancer Metastasis,
Heidelberg University

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

dialogue 5

dialogue 5

dialogue 6

dialogue 6

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

Background12

dialogue 3

dialogue 3

Department of Experimental Surgery, Cancer Metastasis,
Heidelberg University

Dr. Leupold and Dr. Patil shared their research works regarding microRNA regulatingtumor progression and metastasis. Also, they showed a novel powerful and time saving
in vivo method, the Chicken Egg CAM assay. This can investigate the invasion andmetastasis cascade of cancer cells. Professor Hauschild’s works are focusing on machinelearning of biomedical data for patient’s clinical decision support. She talked about afederated AI framework, the FAIrPaCT system. This is an AI system for optimizing
pancreatic cancer treatment. In the discussion part, we talked about how we can apply
them to the clinical setting. I think that bioinformatics and molecular profiling areboth keywords in the oncology field. That’s why the session was really stimulating tome. I hope we can further discuss cancer treatment.

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

Dr. OKAMURA RyosukeProf. Dr. Anne-Christin HauschildDr. Jörg LeupoldDr. Nitin PatilFirst of all, I talked about my career briefly, and then explained the points to be
discussed in this session. I perform surgery and try to improve surgical outcomes forcancer patients, but unfortunately still see postoperative disease recurrence in advanced
cancer cases. I think that we surgeons should know the limits of surgical strategy forcontrolling tumor spread. There are unmet need to understand the biology of cancers
and also to find novel therapeutic approaches. In our dialogue, we focused on molecular
oncology, tumor environment, and bioinformatics.

dialogue 1

dialogue 1

Surgical management
and biomarker-driven
cancer therapy
for gastrointestinal
cancer patients

The title of my dialogue session is Surgical Management and Biomarker-Driven Cancer
Therapy for GI Cancer Patients. Here, I wanted to discuss oncology, especially novel
treatment concepts such as molecular profiling or biomarker-driven cancer therapy.
I’m really delighted to have three panelists; Dr. Leupold and Dr. Patil from Heidelberg
University and Professor Hauschild from Göttingen University. Also, we had many
participants as audience.

part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Dialogue 

Despite the recent development of surgical technology, we unfortunately see postoperative disease recurrence in many of advanced GI cancer cases. We surgeons should
know the limits of surgical strategy for controlling tumor spread. How should current
precision oncology, such as molecular profiling and biomarker-driven cancer therapy, be
combined with surgery to improve GI cancer patients’ outcomes?
Dr. OKAMURA Ryosuke

13

Background/Motivation
Despite the recent development of surgical technology, we unfortunately see
postoperative disease recurrence in many of advanced GI cancer cases. We
surgeons should know the limits of surgical strategy for controlling tumor spread.
How should current precision oncology, such as molecular profiling andbiomarker-driven cancer therapy, be combined with surgery to improve GI cancer
patients’ outcomes?

Dialogue topics[Present situation]• What are your thoughts on future cancer treatment.
• Please share your next challenges (as openly as possible).

Hydrological researchin 2050

L-INSIGHT fellow / Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University /Dr. TANAKA Tomohiro
Assistant ProfessorInstitute of Geography, Heidelberg University
Guyen Battuvshin
Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen
Prof. Dr. Martin Sauter
Institute of Political Science, Heidelberg University
Dr. Simon Schaub
Dr. Aulia Febianda Anwar Tinumbang Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto UniversityDisaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University
Dr. YAMADA MasafumiDisaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University
Dr. YAMAMOTO EvaDisaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University
Dr. YAMAMOTO Kodai

Patient 2
Patient 1

dialogue 3

dialogue 3

Biomarker: A, E, F

Patient 3

Biomarker: A, B, F

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

Biomarker: A, B, C

Drug A

dialogue 5

dialogue 5

dialogue 6

dialogue 6

Strategy: Find common feature between patientsand treat with the same drug

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

Background14

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

Precision Oncology Approach2

dialogue 1

dialogue 1• How do you see the current cancer treatment?
• Please share your past works or present researches (as openly as possible).
[Future situation]

Dialogue part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Slide

Water sciences, such as hydrology, climatology, limnology, oceanology, coastal engineering, etc., pay the ever-strongest attention to climate change (CC) and its impact
assessments. In 1990s and 2000s, CC research in hydrology was simply translating
future projected rainfall to the resultant water cycle. Now, this topic became further
more sophisticated, including more detailed hydraulic analysis such as inundation,
landslides and their translation into economic impacts. The urgent needs of society
for climate change adaptation accelerated such studies during this short period. In
2050, when climate change more explicitly emerges, how will or should our hydrological research, especially for CC assessments/adaptation/mitigation go? I would like todiscuss the future of hydrology research: more social sciences associated, climate change
validation, hydrological modelling, hydrological observation, etc.
Dr. TANAKA Tomohiro

15

In this group, I had three German researchers as introduced in the beginning of thisevent. We had four people officially, but just before the event, I also invited some of mycolleagues from Kyoto University, making a big group of seven participants. It took
almost three-fourths of the whole time to just make each research introduction. Still, it
was good to know each other. In our group, I prepared some spreadsheet to share ourlink to introduction webpage so that we can further know each other through individual website, and we can make another contact even after the event.
The Japan side is mainly focusing on hydrological research, especially for the numerical modeling to reproduce the water cycle or climate change impact on the computer.
German side, Dr. Simon’s was a bit different background of climate policy, so we havea different aspect, discipline, but shared climate change issue. Also, Mr. Guyen works
on the field measurement of hydrological phenomena such as snow cover/melting andforestry information. Finally, Professor Martin kindly joined and introduced about the
groundwater research situation.

3

dialogue 5

dialogue 5

dialogue 6

dialogue 6

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

Background16

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University

dialogue 3

dialogue 3

L-INSIGHT fellow / Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University / Assistant Professor
Dr. INOUE Kosuke
Head of Department of Medical Statistics,
Prof. Dr. Tim Friede
University Medical Center Göttingen, University of GöttingenComputational Statistics, Department of Medical Statistics,
Dr. Maike Hohberg
University Medical Center Göttingen, University of GöttingenJunior-Prof. Dr. Tim Mathes Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of GöttingenGraduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
MORI YuichiroGenomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
Pelin Ünal
Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research,
Tomislav Vlaski
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
apl. Prof. Dr. Volker Winkler Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Epidemiology of Transition,

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

The roleof epidemiology
and statistics
in healthcare sciencein 2030

dialogue 1

dialogue 1

We had small talk discussion about the huge scope in hydrology in 2050. Now westand on the modeling and observation sides, and they may come together in future;but, still there should be some gap. Our primary purpose is to reproduce the real worldabout water cycle on a computer; in addition, this is also helpful for understanding for
more people, especially public people to get more interested in hydrological sciences.
Furthermore, real-world simulation also supports the policy decision-making, educating
the people and giving more literacy, and welcoming more younger generations to us.
The modeling is a kind of a keyword to connect the future scope of climate change
research as well as the implementation policy. That was kind of general outline wemade the discussion. Thank you very much.

Dialogue part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Summary

Given the recent rapid advancement of computer science, big data, and machinelearning as well as increasing concern over social disparity, what knowledge and skillsets would be appreciated in future science and medicine? What can we do to improvehealth towards precision medicine (in real meaning)?
Dr. INOUE Kosuke

17In this dialogue, we had a big party particularly with statisticians and epidemiologists
in healthcare science; me and Tomislav, Volker, Tim Mathes, Pelin, Tim Friede, Maike
Hohberg, and Amir. We had a very intense discussion on the following question: “Doesstatistics/machine learning change the world in healthcare and personalized medicine?”
We talked the potential of machine learning such as calculation of specific disease ortreatment effect towards personalized medicine.
If we can estimate risk and benefit using machine learning in a precise calculation, we
can improve current clinical practice. Machine learning also allows us to use highdimensional data including genetic data or other big data, which lead to the improvement of the precise estimation about whether these patients really have a burden of thedisease or the benefit of the treatment.

Q: Does statistics/machine learning change the world in
healthcare & personalized medicine?
Benefit of using machine learning-Risk calculation of disease and treatment effect towards
personalized medicine and prevention-High-dimensional data including genetic data
What should we think about and do to improve the current
situation- Hard to explain (black box), but if it’s interpretable it willchange the current clinical practice beyond the guideline- “Education”: communication risk with patients- Importance of validation- Who should be responsible to fill the gap?
Future opportunities for collaboration to maximize this dialogue!

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

dialogue 3

dialogue 3

Another important topic we talked was how to communicate with clinicians about thestatistical results, i.e., how clinicians can understand our algorithms or our machinelearning facts? Education and communication risk with clinicians and patients as wellas the validation of the algorithm itself would be very important. Lastly, and mostimportantly, we briefly talked about future opportunities for collaboration to maximize
this dialogue, and we will keep talking on this topic together.

8

dialogue 1

dialogue 1

We also discussed what should we think about and do to improve the current situation because we have a huge gap between theory and clinical practice. In theory, we
improved knowledge and skillsets of machine learning a lot, but we have barely usedthat in the real-world clinical setting. One reason is that machine learning has a blackbox and hard to explain. If we can make them more interpretable, it will change thecurrent clinical practice using the guideline and policies.

Slidepart ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Summary

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

dialogue 5

dialogue 5

dialogue 6

dialogue 6
dialogue 7

dialogue 7

18

19

4

However, potential risks of applying phyllosphere microbes to agriculture need to
be assessed from various perspectives like human health and environmental angles.
Application of microbes to the real world, especially to foods, can sound unacceptable
to some people. In this regard, we touched upon discussions around genetically modified organisms (GMO). Although approved GMOs are safe for human consumption andenvironment from scientific perspectives, there are many people who cannot accept theconcept and avoid consumption. This may become the same case as the utilization ofphyllosphere microbes in the future.
We concluded that advancement of phyllosphere microbiology as the research topic ismust, but, at the same time, risk and benefit assessments, as well as science communication/education, need to be performed to bring new insights of phyllosphere microbiology to policy dialogues and also to spread the concept throughout society from theearly stage.

dialogue 3

dialogue 3

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

L-INSIGHT fellow / Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University / Assistant Professor
Center for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg

dialogue 6

dialogue 6

Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

dialogue 5

dialogue 5

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

Background20

At Parallel Dialogue, we discussed the physiology and ecology of phyllospheremicrobes, and their potential application to agriculture, together with rhizosphere,
marine and synthetic microbes. Given that phyllosphere microbiology is relatively a
new study field, it is important to bring the knowledge from other fields to accelerate
the research at the science level. Its effective use can contribute to increasing foodproduction and therefore food security. We need to feed 7 billion people and thenumber is rapidly increasing.

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

Dr. SHIRAISHI KosukeGideon Bergheim
Prof. Dr. Tobias Erb
Dr. Islam Khattab

Phyllosphere microbes, except for pathogens, have been recognized as important players
in plant-microbe interaction in the last decade. New insights are being put into practical applications such as biostimulant for crop yield promotion, plant protection from
pathogens and mitigation of green house gasses.

dialogue 1

dialogue 1

How can/should
we integrate
the knowledgeof phyllosphere
plant-microbe
interactions
into policy dialogues
at the global level?

Summary

part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Dialogue 

Plant-microbe interaction is a complex, dynamic and continuous process. It has beenshown to support plant growth and increase host resistance to pathogens, and therhizosphere, the underground part, has been the center of the research. Recently, thephyllosphere, the plant leaf surface, has attracted many scientists and phyllospheremicrobes have been recognized as important players. New insights have been put into
practical applications such as biostimulants for crop yield promotion and plant protection from pathogens. Looking at the accumulating evidence from the perspective of
scientific advice for policy-making, the plant-microbe interaction of the rhizosphere
has been discussed in international policy dialogues, whereas that of the phyllosphereis stuck in dialogues among researchers. Through some international expert communities, we have started to share new knowledge on phyllosphere microbiology with the
expectation to bring the discussion to international policy dialogues for food security
and environmental protection.
Dr. SHIRAISHI Kosuke

21part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Slide

Parallel dialogue 4

Theme
Kosuke Shiraishi

Tobias Erb

Gideon Bergheim

Islam Khattab

How can/should we integrate theknowledge of phyllosphere plant-

Welcome!

microbe interactions into policy
dialogues at the global level?

Time (CET)
09:30
09:30-09:40

Content
StartsOpening remarks
Parallel dialogue

dialogue 3

dialogue 3

Time (JST)
17:30
17:30-17:40

Microbe-plant interactions above-/ under-ground

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

Agendadialogue 1

dialogue 1

Keywords: plant-microbe interaction, policy dialogue

Introduction by Kosuke Shiraishi
Quick roundtable from all participants + photo session

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

Panelist presentation by Prof Tobias Erb + Q/A
17:40~

09:30~

Panelist presentation by Mr Gideon Bergheim + Q/A

dialogue 5

dialogue 5

Panelist presentation by Dr Islam Khattab + Q/A
Dialogue
10:50-10:55

Wrap-up

10:55–11:25

General discussion & Wrap-ups from each group

19:25–19:40
19:40–19:45

11:25–11:40
11:40–11:45

Comments from guests
Closing remarks
Schenk et al., Trends Biotechnol. 2012•

Phyllosphere microbes (except non-pathogenic) have beenrecognized as an important player in plant-microbe

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

Phyllosphere microbiome
Phyllospheremicrobes

dialogue 6

dialogue 6

18:50-18:55
18:55–19:25

interaction only in the last decadeSelf-introduction

22• Name: Kosuke SHIRAISHI• Work: Assistant Professor, Kyoto
University• Expertise: applied microbiology,
molecular cell biology• Research keywords: microbe-plantinteraction, yeast, phyllosphere(plant leaf surface), RNA, autophagy• Previous work: Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, UN-FAO (Food andAgriculture Organization)

Symbiotic microbes
Pathogens•

The total leaf area is twice as large as the earth surface
area (approx. 109 km2) in which 1026 microbes inhabit•

New insights have been put into the practical application as
biostimulant for crop yield promotion, plant protection
from pathogens, and mitigation of GHG.

•

Necessity to understand the physiology of strong
friendship with host plant in phyllosphere (e.g.,community formation, stress response, LD- circadian cycle,
dynamic nutrient change) for best utilization of theirpotential in food production.

Phyllosphere
Rhizosphere•

Rhizosphere microbes have been investigated for many
years

•

Various fundamental evidences and practical applications
have been achieved, e.g. support with the plant’s nutrient
uptake from soil and nitrogen fixation23

← FAO’s microbiome working group

Methanol↓ Microbiome working group of theInternational Bioeconomy Forum (IBF)part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Symbiotic effects of methanol-utilizing microbes on plant

Policy dialogue around plant-microbe interaction

Provision ofnutrients likemethanolPhyllospheremethanol-utilizing
microbes
Support with nutrient
intake / provision ofresistance to pathogens

limited to the underground part.

10-COOH + CH3OH

dialogue 3

dialogue 3

Pectin : -CO-OCH3

dialogue 2

Pectin methylesterase (PME)
COOH
O
O

COOCH3
O
O

OH

light

Major plant VOCs

light

dark

light

dark

(Laothawornkitkul, et al., New Phytologist, 2009)(Kawaguchi et al. PLoS ONE 2011)

Methylobacterium genus

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

Distribution of phyllospheric bacteria

dialogue 6

dialogue 6

500 million tons / year
Isoprene
Monoterpene Hundreds of million tons / year
100 million tons / year
MethanoldarkOHdialogue 5

dialogue 5(Nemecek-Marshal et al., Plant Physiol, 1995)

O

OH

OH

OH

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

OH

COOH
O
O

Methanol conc. (mM)dialogue 2

Plant methanol emission and its diurnal change

dialogue 1

dialogue 1

Policy discussions around plant-microbe interaction are

Methylotrophs: Microbes that can use
methanol as a sole carbon and energy
sourceVorholt, Nat Rev Microbiol 2012

24

25

5

L-INSIGHT fellow / Kyoto University Hospital / Assistant Professor
Faculty of Law, Universität Hamburg
Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health,
Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen

Second, about genetic and genomic engineering and editing, our conclusion is that risks
and benefits are important to be shared with the researchers, the developer and thegeneral public.
Third, we discussed human identity through the lens of human health. Human identity is connected and reliant on other systems, especially the environment and animals;that is “One Health.” This stresses the need to carefully consider humanity’s impact on
all other relevant systems. Thus funding and allocation of resources should be criticallyassessed, and one way for that is to prioritize by urgency of the problem that is being
worked on.

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

We should care and keep dialogues with the researchers and with other professionals
from various perspectives and various backgrounds.

dialogue 3

dialogue 3

At last, ethical and legal issues related to the enhancement technology were discussed.
Technologies leading to neuroenhancement may change the way we understand theobligation to others in society. The question of striving for “unrealistic perfection”
reaches a new level with the questions of neuroenhancements. There are also risks ofdata protection and behavior manipulation.

dialogue 5

dialogue 5

dialogue 6

dialogue 6

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

Background

26

First, on the topic of medication and technology for cognitive enhancement, we
discussed the importance of taking care about accessibility to the technology astreatment and values in society because the technology might induce inequality inthe situation.

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

Dr. ISOBE MasanoriKelly Amal Dhru, LL.M.
Dr. Jerome FooKonrad Waschkies

The theme of our group is very big, which is titled; “how human species will be, canbe, should be.” It is very hard to summarize all the topics we discussed, but here wesummarize four topics raised by the speakers: medication and technology for cognitiveenhancement; enhancement by genetic and genomic engineering and editing; humanidentity through the lens of “One Health”; ethical and legal issues for enhancement
technologies. We share the awareness that there is an important difference between thetreatment and enhancement. This is a point on the background of all the discussions.

dialogue 1

dialogue 1

How human species
will be,can be,should beSummary

part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Dialogue Currently, various state-of-art technics to enhance intellectual ability, such as decodedneurofeedback, have been developed and are now close to be implemented in the clinical field. Careful discussion in advance would be desirable from multiple perspectives
as follows; how far the expansion of physical and cognitive functions should go, how
far it should be allowed to go, and what kind of common understanding and restrictions are necessary when this expansion proceeds. For example, restrictions have beenplaced on human cloning, but what extent do such restrictions need to be extended toenhancement of our physical/mental activities? What remains as our individuality? I
would like to discuss these issues with people from various fields including those who
specialize in bioethics, law, and those who are researching the improvement of cognitive function and recovery of physical function.
Dr. ISOBE Masanori

27

part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Slide

MAIN TOPIC

Dialogue 5:“How human species will be, can be, should be”
Masanori Isobe

Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University“How far the expansion of cognitive functions should go”“What common understanding and/or restrictions are necessary in dissemination”

Who can use the technics? Restrict to the sick? All who needs enhancement?
Who needs understanding and/or restrictions? Researcher? Developer? The public?

Containt

0930-0940

Opening

Presenter0940 (-1055)

Start dialogue

0940-0942 Introduction of the topic

Masanori Isobe

0942-0945 Self/Research introduction

Masanori Isobe

0945-0950 Self/Research introduction

Dr Jerome Clifford Foo

0950-0955 Self/Research introduction

Dr Konrad Waschkies

0955-1000 Self/Research introduction

Ms Kelly Amal Dhru

1000-1045 Dialogue (Deeper the 4 examples)All

1045-1055 Summary for general discussionAll1055-1125

General discussion & Wrap-ups from each group1125-1145

Comments from guests

Masanori Isobe (5min)

Closing

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

Examples (cognitive enhancement)

Time

Topic 1

• Psychostimulant for ADHD (Methylphenidate) can enhance working
memory in human (Mehta et al. 2000)

dialogue 6

dialogue 6

What remains as our individuality?

Time Course

dialogue 5

dialogue 5• Related matters;

Masanori IsobeDr Jerome Clifford Foo
Dr Konrad Waschkies
Ms Kelly Amal Dhru

dialogue 4

dialogue 4“How far it should be allowed to go”! Cognitive enhancement! Genetics technology for public health! Human identity (“One Health”)! Legal and ethical perspective

dialogue 3

dialogue 3• Careful discussion in advance would be desirable from multiple perspectives as follows;• 4 examples will be raised from each speakerdialogue 2

dialogue 2

For social implementation of new technology• Caution when innovations based on research of psychiatry and neuroscience
are implemented in society

dialogue 1

dialogue 1

12/02/2022

Boundary among Research, Treatment and Enhancement

Medication and Technology
for Cognitive Enhancement• rTMS improves memory function of mild cognitive impairment (MCI)(Zhang et al. 2021)• Decoded functional MRI neurofeedback reduces fear (Koizumi et al. 2016)• Decoded neurofeedback on PTSD patients reduced severity ofsymptoms (Chiba et al. 2019)

Do we need restriction for use?
Treatment or Enhancement”Neuroethics”

28

29

• We discussed 4 topics, which are“medication and technology for cognitive enhancement”“enhancement: genetic and genomic engineering/editing”“human identity through the lens of one health”“ethical and legal issues for enhancement technology”

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

dialogue 5

dialogue 5

dialogue 6

dialogue 6• It is important to take care about accessibility to the technology and values in society.
• Aware risk and benefits are also important to be shared with general public.
• Humanity is connected and reliant on other systems, especially the environment andanimals. This stresses the need to carefully consider humanity’s impact on all otherrelevant systems.
• Funding and allocation of resources should be critically assessed. One way of doing that is
to prioritize by urgency of the problem that is being worked on.
• The technologies leading to neuroenhancements may change the way we understandobligations to one-another in society.
• The questions of striving for an unrealistic perfection reach a new level with thequestions of neuroenhancements.
• There are also risks of data protection and behaviour manipulation.

dialogue 3

dialogue 3

L-INSIGHT fellow / Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University /Dr. EGUCHI Kana
Program-Specific Assistant Professor
Dr. Sebastian Herberger Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, BerlinDepartment of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen
Dr. Nicolai Spicher

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

For upcoming future with advanced technologies that extend human ability,

How healthcaretechnology
should overcome
the digital literacy gap
in the aged society?

dialogue 1

dialogue 1

Summary for General Discussion

6

part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Summary for General Discussion

Dialogue Aging and health now become a worldwide problem. On the basis of WHO’s fact
sheets [ref.1], the proportion of the world’s population over 60 years will become 22%,
while 80% of them will be living in low- or middle-income countries. These situations
may cause an ever-greater digital literacy gap, which may even affect access to healthcare or medical service.

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

BackgroundAt this moment, our study has already faced the digital literacy gap-induced problems
in collecting side-effect reports from patients undergoing cancer pharmacotherapy: we
confirmed that the use of smartphone applications may become a big hurdle for aged
Japanese people. In this dialogue, I would like to first exchange the current situation inGermany and Japan related to the issues surrounding healthcare induced by the digital
literacy gap. Then discuss possible issues induced by the digital literacy gap in the
future and how we can/should overcome the vicious circle of technology development
and the digital literacy gap.
[ ref.1] ̶ https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health30

Dr. EGUCHI Kana

31

In Dialogue 6, we discussed how healthcare technology should overcome the digital
literacy gap in the aged society. In a brief sense, we talked about three topics.
We first confirmed the situation that Germany and Japan are facing. Actually, before
starting the dialogue, we considered that there might be a difference between these twocountries. But in fact, we found that the situation is quite similar to each other. The
median age by country is 48.6 in Japan, whereas 47.8 in Germany.
As the second topic, we then focused on the issue surrounding healthcare technology.
We confirmed that “medicine” has a lot of stakeholders such as the economy, reimbursement, and regulation. In addition, limited resource is a very important issue. I
mean there are a lot of patients but limited medical providers, so things easily becomea zero-sum game. For this reason, the current evolution in healthcare technology may
have pros and cons. The pros are potential, which allow us to record vital information
every day. Meanwhile, the cons are accessibility. In this sense, its main target user
including the aged people cannot get confident results unless they use it appropriately.

[Dialogue 6]
How healthcare technology shouldovercome the digital literacy gap
in the aged society?
• Moderator• Dr. Kana EGUCHI• L-INSIGHT fellow• Program-Specific Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University• Panelists• Dr. Nicolai SPICHER• Department of Medical Informatics, Göttingen University• Dr. Sebastian HERBERGER

dialogue 1

dialogue 1• Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin• Mentalab GmbHTime schedule

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

Schedule of this parallel dialogue session
Time

Speaker

Topic

Dr. Kana EGUCHIIntroduction of dialogue topic

10 min(17:45-17:55 JST/09:45-09:55 CET)

Dr. Kana EGUCHI
Dr. Nicolai SPICHER
Dr. Sebastian HERBERGER

Self-introduction of speakers(around 3 min per each)

50 min(17:55-18:45 JST/09:55-10:45 CET)

All participants incl. speakers(Moderator: Dr. Kana EGUCHI)

Discussion on dialogue topics

10 min(18:45-18:55 JST/10:45-10:55 CET)

All participants incl. speakers(Moderator: Dr. Kana EGUCHI)

Wrap-up of discussion

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

5min(17:40-17:45 JST/09:40-09:45 CET)

dialogue 3

dialogue 3

As the last topic, we then move on to discuss what are our next challenges and targets
for overcoming the digital literacy gap. Our result is innovation in the production
process. To our opinion, currently, there are two processes. One is the step-by-stepprocess, in which doing a workshop, making a prototype, and asking the target groupto use it, but takes a lot of time. The other is a quick and dirty process, in which we
first release the product and pile up evidence, but has the risk of discontinuation in a
few years. In our results, the innovation in the production process should find “the thirdway.” One example in our dialogue raised by Dr. Herberger is the Stanford Biodesignthat first focuses on the problem itself.

Slidepart ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

SummaryTime

Speaker

dialogue 5

dialogue 5

Schedule after ending parallel dialogue session
Topic

Moderator of each dialogue

Wrap-up of each dialogue

15 min(19:25-19:40 JST/11:25-11:40 CET)

Prof. Dr. Motomu TANAKA
Prof. Dr. Thomas Kneib
Prof. Dr. Yasuyuki KONO

Comments from guests

Ending remarks

2

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

Motivation [Social background]• Aging and health now become a worldwide problem• Proportion of the world’s population over 60 years will become 22% by 2050 [ref1]• 80% of them will be living in low- or middle-income countries [ref1]dialogue 6

dialogue 6

30 min (4min X 7 dialogues)(18:55-19:25 JST/10:55-11:25 CET)80%

 These situations may cause an ever-greater digital literacy gap,
which may even affect access to healthcare or medical service
>60yr

<

22%

2020

2050

<5yr

2000

32

>60yr

Focusing point of this dialogue[ref1] https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health

1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health333

Dialogue topics [in total 50 min]• Digital literacy gap induced problem in collecting side-effect reports from patients(i.e., electric patient-reported outcome, ePRO) undergoing cancer pharmacotherapy• Developed a smartphone application to gather ePRO

80%

What we have experienced• Installing application was one of the big hurdles• Not all enrolled patients input ePRO daily

Our thoughts before starting project• ePRO can be used easier than paper-based PRO• We can gather a lot of ePRO from many patients>60yr
[Concern] digital literacy gap may become a surface separating two clusters
 Patients with digital literacy

<

22%

2020

2050

Panelist

Biosignal processing,
Medical engineering (ME),
Medical Informatics (MI)Internal Medicine,
Cardiology,
Sleep Medicine,
Biosignal Research,
Biosensor Engineering

Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin/
Mentalab GmbH•For realizing “well-being,” I also would like to work on “feedback” in consideration of physiological/psychological mechanism
Easy-to-use wearable device
for surface EMG recording during sleep

Company

Analysis8

How do you see the current healthcare technology?
Are there any issues induced by the digital literacy gap?
Age
Accessibility

Measurement• Study on sleep, daily activity,and depression

CPAP adhrerence prediction
using CPAP logs

All participants can join the dialogue via Slido
If anyone wants to speak, please use the “raise hand” reaction in zoom!

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

Measurement, pre-processing, and analysis

Needs/
Requirements

Risk

dialogue 6

dialogue 6

5•

Industry

Invocation
Input your answer!

• Biomed. Software / Hardware

Recent 5 years of PIC work mainly focused on the former steps of data analysis
for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) detection/treatment

Preprocessing

Price• Research / Patient Care

Self-introduction [Dr. Kana EGUCHI]

Company

Landscape• Sleep / Cardiology• Multidimensional
biosignal analysis(physiological networks inpolysomnography/ICU
data)

Feedback

National
regulations

dialogue 5

dialogue 5• Explainable AI
in biosignal
processing

What is the influence of current healthcare technology on the digital literacy gap?
(e.g., pros and cons)

dialogue 4

Medical engineering (ME),
Biosignal processing,
Wearable sensing,
Medical Informatics (MI),Human-computer interaction (HCI)• Wearable device design (EMG) • Biosignal processing

7

dialogue 3

dialogue 3
dialogue 4

Dr. Sebastian HERBERGER

Department of Medical Informatics,
University Medical Center,Göttingen University

All participants can join the dialogue via Slido
If anyone wants to speak, please use the “raise hand” reaction in zoom!

How do you see the current healthcare technology?

Dr. Nicolai SPICHER

Now studying(Bachelor)• [Future situation]

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

Panelist

Doctor Project34

4

Dr. Kana EGUCHI• Medical information analysis• Are there any issues induced by the digital literacy gap?

• How can we better understand possible future end-users at the time of R&D?
Are there any effective methods or frameworks we can use?

Speakers• Biosignal processing method
design (ECG/HRV)• What is the influence of current healthcare technology on the digital literacy gap?
(e.g., pros and cons)

dialogue 1

dialogue 1

Focusing point of this dialogue[ref1] https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health
1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health

Department of Real World Data R&D,
Graduate School of Medicine,
Kyoto University• How do you see the current healthcare technology?

• What are our next challenges/targets for overcoming the digital literacy gap?
Does it root in technology, human, or a combination of each?

How healthcare technology should overcome
the digital literacy gap in the aged society?

Moderator• [Present situation]• What are your thoughts on possible future issues induced by the digital literacy gap?

 Patients who are digitally vulnerable/illiterate<5yr >60yr

2000

part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Motivation [Example Episode]User(e.g., physicians, non-experts)

Location

Input your answer!
WealthCompany

Practical HRV analysis
under daily life environment(QRS complex detection, RRI editing)

All participants can join the dialogue via Slido
If anyone wants to speak, please use the “raise hand” reaction in zoom!

935

Wireless/
Wired

Medicine
Field

Accessibility

Age

Pressure

Input your answer!

part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Are there any effective methods or frameworks
we can use?

What are your thoughts on possible future issues
induced by the digital literacy gap?

Input your answer!

Incentive

Technology
Population

Evolving speed

All participants can join the dialogue via Slido
If anyone wants to speak, please use the “raise hand” reaction in zoom!

10

13

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

What are our next challenges/targets
for overcoming the digital literacy gap?

All participants can join the dialogue via Slido
If anyone wants to speak, please use the “raise hand” reaction in zoom!

dialogue 1

dialogue 1

Centralized/
Decentralized

dialogue 3

dialogue 3

Does it root in technology, human,or a combination of each?
Sorry, QR code is changed!

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

Input your answer!

dialogue 5

dialogue 5
11

dialogue 6

dialogue 6

All participants can join the dialogue via Slido
If anyone wants to speak, please use the “raise hand” reaction in zoom!

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

How can we better understandpossible future end-users at the time of R&D?

Input your answer!

All participants can join the dialogue via Slido
If anyone wants to speak, please use the “raise hand” reaction in zoom!
36

12

37

7

Summary

dialogue 3

dialogue 3

Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich

dialogue 4

dialogue 4

Dr. Felix Kurz kindly introduced, also categorized in the manner of various scales andwhat imaging method could be applicable for what kind of tumor microstructure.
He has intensively worked on the association between brain tumors in mice models
with microstructure using NMR, photon microscopy, ultra-high field MRI, fluorescent Immunohistochemistry and so on. We have discussed especially the potential ofimaging of microperfusion in tumors, which might be a bit challenging in the current
MR technique. But the emerging new techniques, such as advanced DWI, with which
we can evaluate the behavior of water molecules in vivo might solve to evaluate somekind of microperfusion as well. All of the things have been measured in MR so far, but
we have found that there is more space and work to be done in the various imaging
techniques, and we need to discuss this again from now on. Thank you.

dialogue 2

dialogue 2

L-INSIGHT fellow / Kyoto University Hospital / Assistant Professor
Dr. IIMA Mami

Institute for Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen
PD Dr. Sebastian Bickelhaupt
A/Prof. Dr. Dimitrios Karampinos Experimental Magnetic Resonance Imaging, School of Medicine & Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of MunichDivision of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
Dr. Felix Kurz

Experimental Magnetic Resonance Imaging, School of Medicine & Munich
Dr. Van Anh Tu

dialogue 1

dialogue 1

Bridging the gap
between macroand micro scalein tumor imaging

We have discussed bridging the gap between the macro and micro scale in tumor
imaging. Because the majority of us are researchers, majors in MRI, we have mainly
discussed the MR imaging techniques to assess tumor biology and micro-environment.
Even in the current state, we can evaluate a lot of information from MRI; for instance,
microstructure, heterogeneity, apoptosis, or hypoxia. First, Dr. Dimitrios Karampinos
introduced the cutting-edge MRI research they are working on right now. What’sinteresting for us was that he introduced us the method to evaluate the micro-calcification in the lesion with MRI, which is very challenging in the clinical setting. This kindof technique is only available with x-ray or CT, and with MR, there is a lot of potentials
to evaluate and make a definite prognosis and even further provide guidance for thetreatment. Dr. Sebastian Bickelhaupt kindly introduced his research on using artificial
intelligence to MR imaging. In clinical setting, we need to use a contrast agent for the
diagnosis of cancers, in general. He has used the AI technique to generate contrastenhanced images from non-contrast images, including diffusion-weighted imaging.
What’s the beauty of his research is that contrast agent has some kind of side effects
that might be very safe for all people or patients, and this is a very safe technique formany patients as well.

part ii dialogues

part ii dialogues

Dialogue 

dialogue 5

dialogue 5

dialogue 6

dialogue 6

We will aim to establish a trans-scale imaging method that connects a whole body,tissue, and cellular scales using MRI etc, especially diffusion MRI, which can evaluate
the movement of water molecules in vivo. In the diagnosis of cancer, it is important tounderstand the phenomenon and elucidate the mechanism by traversing various scales,such as the tumor microenvironment and micrometastases that may exist throughout
the body. However, the understanding of the principles that will lead to the elucidationof new pathological conditions at the microscopic level involving elemental interactions in biomolecules and cells, and at the meso- and macro-level involving tissues andorgans, has not yet been fully developed.

dialogue 7

dialogue 7

BackgroundThe current MRI has difficulty in measuring and evaluating the micro level, especiallyin terms of resolution, and thus we will aim to develop this method further to establish trans-scale imaging to visualize cancer characteristics on a longitudinal scale andexploit them for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction.

38

Dr. IIMA Mami

39

part iii commentarypart ii dialogues

Slide

Dialogue 7
PART III̶COMMENTARY

commentary 1

dialogue 1
dialogue 4commentary 3

dialogue 3

commentary 2

dialogue 2

We have discussed bridging the gap between the macro and micro
scale in tumor imaging. Even in the current state, we can evaluate a lotof information from MRI; for instance, microstructure, heterogeneity,
apoptosis or hypoxia. Various new MR imaging techniques, suchas the method to evaluate the micro-calcification in the lesion with
MRI, the AI technique to generate contrast-enhanced images from
non-contrast images, including diffusion-weighted imaging, or the
association between brain tumors in mice models with microstructureusing photon microscopy and MRI have been introduced. We further
discussed the possible future imaging techniques optimal for transscale imaging.

dialogue 5
dialogue 6
dialogue 7
40

41

Good morning and good evening, everyone. My name is Motomu Tanaka. I’m a Kyoto
University graduate but moved to Germany 25 years ago. I have been a professor at
the Institute of Physical Chemistry at Heidelberg University since 2005 and heavily
involved in this HeKKSaGOn alliance even before we held the first meeting in 2010.
Also, in 2013, I began leading my second lab at the Institute for Advanced Studies of
Kyoto University, called the Center for Integrated Physics and Medicine.
I really enjoyed today. Like last year, I could join only one discussion, but I was
fascinated. I joined Dialogue 7, which was chaired by Dr. Iima. As someone who has
worked with pathologists, I was interested in the state-of-the-art MRI technology
based on a multi-disciplinary combination of physics, applied mathematics, and informatics. Unfortunately, since the discussion moved quickly and was very specialized,
the audience had no chance to join in, which was a bit sad, but still, it was enjoyable.

̶Institute for Physical Chemistry,
Heidelberg University

I was, of course, only able to attend the beginning of one and the end of the other, so
I can’t comment on all aspects of the dialogues. The two dialogues adopted different
methods to get the discussion going. In the first one, more time was spent on introducing the scientific backgrounds of the larger group of participants. This was very
helpful in identifying common themes that could then be discussed in the group, butof course, limited the time a little bit that was left for discussion. Two overarchingquestions were discussed: whether statistics and machine learning will change healthcare, and what kind of skillsets or international collaboration will be needed to produce
novel evidence.
For me, there were two main takeaways. First, acknowledging and utilizing patient
population heterogeneity under personalized medicine and developing statisticalor machine learning data science procedures that reflect this heterogeneity. Second,
evidence synthesis: the combination of information sources, data types, and applications, as well as meta-analysis, to make the most of the available information.

commentary 3

commentary 3

Prof. Dr. TANAKA Motomu

On the other hand, starting interdisciplinary exchange is always challenging, especiallyon a transcontinental scale involving universities from Japan and Germany. While it is
not so easy to get together, this format provided an excellent opportunity to see what
is happening and to get such exchange started. It was especially nice to witness theenthusiasm and drive of participating early career researchers! I attended two dialogues
closest to my own research: The role of epidemiology and statistics in healthcare sciencein 2030 and how healthcare technology should overcome the digital literacy gap in an
aging society.

commentary 2commentary 2

I enjoyed the very deep discussion. At the next event, we probably should, forexample, encourage session chairs to conclude by turning to more general contexts.
With that said, I was happy to join this kind of event again and learned a lot. I took
many notes. Thank you all so much for holding it. I look forward to hopefully joining
you all next year.

My name is Thomas Kneib. I’m a professor of statistics at the University of Göttingen,and also part of its Campus Institute Data Science. It is really nice to have this opportunity to join as a session commentator today. Given that we are all here, I presume
we all agree that networking is an important component of science, especially for early
career researchers and fostering interdisciplinary exchange. This was very well reflectedin the topics that were chosen for the dialogues.

commentary 1

commentary 1

The use of synthetically generated training data discussed by Dr. Bickelhaupt from
Erlangen was very elegant and attractive. This would be a major breakthrough inradiology if such an approach or technology were established and standardized whileworking across multiple institutions independently from machine vendors. It would
help patients quite a lot.

Commentary 2

part iii commentarypart iii commentary

Commentary 1

In the second discussion I joined, the group was a little smaller, so there was moretime for discussion, also because the introductory part was shorter. The comparisons
between countries were particularly interesting because they identified many similarities in the challenges and obstacles faced. I think this is one major point where these
dialogues could provide a real benefit.
As an overarching theme, data scientification or digitalization is really relevant also forinterdisciplinary research. It certainly impacts all areas of life, in particular research.
For early career researchers, it appears that data science is an essential skill and perhaps
an aspect that can help launch collaboration between the HeKKSaGOn partners. In
the past, a data science summer school was already organized with HeKKSaGOn’s help
in Göttingen, but it has not been held for two years due to the pandemic. I think sucha summer school would really be a nice opportunity to get some more collaborations
going, to meet with each other and to have common discussion topics.
I think we have seen that there is a need to continue the discussions from today’s
dialogues. How can we move from this initial format to something that really gets
people to actually collaborate? This is the main point we need to think about.
Prof. Dr. Thomas Kneib̶

Dean of research at the Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences,
University of Göttingen

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First, I want to thank all the groups’ chairs and discussants. I partly attended groups
four and two. In both, I found their discussions very productive and stimulating, andall the participants seemed to enjoy them. Every chair said they want to continue these
discussions, which is quite important. Interdisciplinary discussions need time―they’re
not so easy. I was also invited here last year, which may be related to my background.
Let me talk about my experience with interdisciplinary studies.

closing

I’m an irrigation engineer in education. I received a Ph.D. in irrigation engineering,but then found a job at Kyoto University’s Center for Southeast Asian Studies. This
was about 30 years ago. Interdisciplinary research takes place here. Before I joined,
my colleagues and friends were mostly agriculture or irrigation engineers. But sincejoining, I have been surrounded by anthropologists, economists, political scientists, andmedical doctors. A very diverse group.

part iv

part iii commentary

Commentary 3

PART IV̶

CLOSING

commentary 1

In the beginning, I could not find the words to talk with them and could not understand what they were saying. Every researcher used their own terminology and talked
based on their field’s theories and frameworks. We could not communicate. But ofcourse, I had opportunities to interact with them, and more importantly, we went to
the field together. We discussed topics such as the basic societal structure, emerging
changes, and the relationship between the government and the people. The subject ofour research was sometimes countries and sometimes villages.

commentary 2commentary 3

Sharing the same questions, everybody contributed answers based on their knowledge.
Political scientists said something about politics, and economists talked about theeconomy. And then, I gradually understood their terminology, logic, ways of thinking,and viewpoints. Through this kind of experience, I started to understand interdisciplinary research. I have organized an interdisciplinary research project focusing on justone village in Thailand. It is now at the preparatory stage. We have to discuss topics
like what are families, what are households, what is landholding, what is nature, what
is artificial, and how can we distinguish between nature and the artificial.
These are basic concepts of field-based research, but such concepts are not sharedbeyond disciplines. Each discipline has its ideas. But when we discuss and understandthe logic of different disciplines, we can find out how to bridge the gap. And this kindof experience is quite important, I think, in terms of making interdisciplinary researchmore fruitful.
Interdisciplinary research, it’s sometimes said, is a kind of fighting without any rules.
It’s like a boxer and a sumo wrestler fighting. They don’t share the rules but try tofight. Nobody can say who has won. We are doing something like that. My point isthat interdisciplinary research is very difficult but still worth doing. It can accomplish
what disciplinary study cannot. Also, importantly, the real world is interdisciplinary. I
want to encourage all the participants to continue talking. Even though it may not beso fruitful at the beginning, I’m sure it will be in the future. Thank you very much.
Prof. Dr. KONO Yasuyuki̶Vice President,
Director International Strategy Office,Kyoto University

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Closing Remarks 2First of all, let me express my sincere thanks to all of the today’s speakers for theirthought-provoking and excellent presentations. It was a great pleasure to join thisevent. I enjoyed listening to your talks and discussions a lot. And I would like to say
congratulations to the L-INSIGHT Fellows who took on the role of session chairpersons, organizing and enlivening the discussions. Therefore, I would like to thank you
all, the participants of this event. Without your input, ideas, and discussion, this forum
would not have been the success. We welcome you to return next year as speakers andparticipants. I believe that the significance of this opportunity to transcend cultural
spheres, academic disciplines, and generations, will become more and more evident.

My colleagues and I all had the impression that the world had become more open,
and nations had moved closer to each other. As you all know, this has changed; sadly
there are not so many reasons for optimism these days. We are now facing a period
when evolution seems to have gone backward. As a consequence, working in thefield of international cooperation has become more difficult and complicated. But I
am deeply convinced that it is now all the more important to put all our strength,
efforts, and energy into promoting international cooperation, especially among young
scientists like yourselves.

It is my honor to acknowledge the following individuals. If it had not been for theirinvolvement, this forum would not have been possible. Commentators, Professor Dr.
Thomas Kneib, Spokesperson of the Centre for Statistics and Dean of research at theFaculty of Business and Economic Sciences, University of Göttingen, Dr. Michael
Riemann, Botanical Institute, KIT (Karlsruher Institut für Technologie), Professor Dr.
Motomu Tanaka, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University and Professor
Dr. Yasuyuki Kono, Vice-President, Director of the International Strategy Office,Kyoto University, who have helped us since the memorable first event.

You are the ones that give us hope for the future. It is more important than ever thatyou meet, get to know each other, exchange views and opinions. This might not takeplace in your scientific or academic fields in a strict sense. Even if your specific projects
are not a complete match or completely congruent, it can be extremely enriching andfruitful for both sides to meet, talk, discuss findings, and see things from a different
perspective. Maybe not a better or worse perspective but just a different perspective.
In my view, this kind of exchange is invaluable, vital, and, ultimately, irreplaceable in
the academic world.

The organizers were the best team. Dr. Klaus Rümmele and Mr. Oliver Schmidt,
KIT, Ms. Nicoline Dorn, Heidelberg University, Dr. Tanja Falkowski and Mr. Martin
Jagonak, University of Göttingen, and Ms. Bernd Kirchner, Heidelberg University
Office, Kyoto, thank you very much.

Therefore, I would like to thank all of you for dedicating yourself to this project.
The name of this project is L-INSIGHT. Coming from a linguistic background,
it is natural for me to look at words closely. If you look up the word “insight” in a
thesaurus, you will find the following entries; knowledge, understanding, comprehension, recognition, and maybe surprisingly, sympathy. With these meanings in mind, I
would like to encourage all of you to go ahead with this project, use the opportunities
it provides, meet, and engage in discussions as often as possible.
Please, cross borders, not only national ones but also academic disciplines, cultures,and habits. Fill the project with life so you can realize the full potential of “insight”
in finding knowledge, in mutual understanding, comprehension, recognition, and,last but definitely not least, sympathy. In this sense, my best wishes for the project
and all of you̶and also for the Japanese soccer team in the world championship,even though it’s hard to say that today. Thank you.

closing

closing

If I understand correctly, I’m blocking everyone’s way to dinner in Japan and to lunchin Germany, so I promise to be brief. Thank you for inviting me to your interesting
and lively discussions today, and thank especially my colleagues in Japan for the
fantastic preparation of this meeting. I have been working in the field of international relations and international cooperation for many years. When I started myjob in the International Office at Heidelberg University, there were many reasons for
optimism. We all felt that borders were becoming fewer or at least less of an obstacle.
International communication, traveling, and meeting international partners had
become easier than ever.

part iv

part iv

Closing Remarks 1

From the Kyoto University European Centre, I would like to thank Professor Mika
Yokoyama, Ms. Sabine Schenk, today’s MC, and Ms. Chiyoko Kanno for her great
support from Germany. And finally but not the least, my team members from
L-INSIGHT, thank you.
In our L-INSIGHT program, we encourage present and future young researchers totake on the world stage of their own volition. So far, several encounters in last year are
moving toward new collaborations this autumn. I hope that today’s initiative will leadto tomorrow’s interactions in Japan and Germany.
In closing, I would like to wish you your good health and future success.
Thank you very much.
Prof. Dr. AKAMATSU Akihiko̶

Director,
The Strategic Development Hub for Early Career Researchers,
Kyoto University

Nicole Dorn
̶International Relations Division,
Department Study Abroad,Exchange Programmes,
International Cooperation,
Heidelberg University

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Organizers

University of Göttingen̶

Tanja Falkowski
Martin Jagonak

Heidelberg University
̶

Nicoline Dorn

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
̶Oliver Schmidt
Heidelberg University Office, Kyoto

̶

Sabine Schenk

Kyoto University European Center̶

YOKOYAMA Mika
KANNO Chiyoko
Bernd Kirchner

Kyoto University
̶

AKAMATSU Akihiko
NAKANO Asa

Kyoto University
Program for the Development of Next-generation Leading Scientists
with Global Insight (L-INSIGHT)
̶

Kyoto University, Research Administration Building 1F
Yoshida-Hommachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501+81-75-753-5916
Kyoto University European Center̶Augustinergasse 2, 69117 Heidelberg+49-6221-54-30034
Heidelberg University Office, Kyoto (HUOK)̶Kyoto University, Yoshida International House
64 Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501+81-75-753-5413
University of Göttingen
Göttingen International - International OfficeGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen
̶Von-Siebold-Str. 2, 37075 Göttingen+49-551-39-21334
Heidelberg University International Relations Division̶

Department 7.3, Building Fischmarkt
Seminarstr. 2, 69117 Heidelberg
Visitor address: Fischmarkt 2, 69117 Heidelberg+49-6221-54-12701
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)International Affairs̶Campus South, Building 50.20
Adenauerring 2, 76131 Karlsruhe+49-7216-08-41977