Kingdom of Cambodia

INTRODUCTIONCountry Profile
Natural Disaster inCambodia
Impact of DisasterNational Cmmittee for Disaster
Management
Disaster Managament andCountermeasures
Damage and Need Assessment

1Country Profile
Consisting of 20 provinces and 4 municipalities
Capital City – Phnom Penh
Land area of 181,035 sq. km. km.
Arable & permanent crop land – 13%
Permanent pasture – 11%
Forests and Woodland – 66%
Climate is tropical dominated by 2 monsoons
Southwest Monsoon (mid-May to October)Northeast Monsoon (October to April)

Demographics
Population of 13.4 million
90 to 95% are Ethnic Khmer
51.8%:Female and 48.2%Male
Rural Population – 84%
Average annual population growth rate of 2.4%
(2nd Highest among ASEAN countries)
Productive age group (18 to 60 yrs old) – 43%
Population 18 yrs old and below– 52%(Imbalance due to Khmer Rouge and Civil warperiod )2

Social Development Indicators

Human Development Index (out of 174)

136

Population living below poverty line
(75% are farmer-headed Households)

36%Life Expectancy

56 yrs.

Adult Literacy Rate

67.3%

Economic Indicators
Real GDP Growth Rate
Per Capita IncomeExports
Balance of Payment SurplusPresent Value of Debt
Exchange Rate

- 4%
- US$ 266
- US$ 1.13 billion- US$ 71 million- US$ 1.9 billion- US$1.00 = Riel 3855

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Profile of Economy
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector
43% of GDP
80% of labor force
Industrial Sector
Share in GDP increasing from 18.3% in 1998
to 23.5% in 2000
Manufacturing
Construction

78.5%
18.3%

Most dynamic sub-sector is Garments
Industry (leading source of exports) withannual growth rate of 65% for period 1995 to2000

Profile of Economy
Tourism Sector
Tourism plays a very important role in therebuilding of the economy
Growth rate of 18.4% in 1999
Annual increase in tourist arrivals of 30% during
the period 1998 to 2001
Hotel construction increased by 10% during theperiod 1993 to 2000

4Royal Government of Cambodia
NationalCommittee for Disaster Management (NCDM)

Natural Disasters
in Cambodia-FLOOD-DROUGHT-STORM-FIRE

Disaster Data 1988-1998 (CRED, 1999)[1]Country

Total
EventsPeopleAffectedPeople
killedDEFLDF

W/SLSVO

Cambodia

108,274,564730

30300004Indonesia

76

3,499,811

7,535

618224231110

Laos13820,01674730403003Myanmar

104,605,372

188

01801000Vietnam

5316,300,880

9,096

1015030205

D = drought, E = earthquake, FLD = floods, F = fire, W/S = wind/storm, LS =landslide, V = volcano, O = others[1] Source : CAMBODIA, International Federation of the Red Cross Country Assistance
Strategy 2001-2002, June 2000

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In Cambodia the most frequent and severe
disasters are caused by flooding

Cambodia is naturally susceptible to annual
river flooding during the main monsoon season.
Localized flooding caused by monsoon
thunderstorms is also a serious threat as they
periodically sweep the country

Severe flooding has occurred in 1961, 1966,1978, 1984, 1991, 1996, 2000 and mostrecently in 2001

6Flood in Kampong Cham
Province ( 1metter deep) andtook 2-3weeks standing

Tonle Sap LakeMekong River

Flood of 2000
Flood of 2001

7Impact of Disasters
Floods of 1996
In the 1996 floods, continuous heavy rainfall in China,
Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia inundated the MekongRiver affecting 1.3 million Cambodians with 600,000
hectares of crops and 50,000 homes damaged or
destroyed

Floods of 2000
¾ Worst flood to hit the country in more than 70 years.
¾ Total physical and direct damage was estimated at
US$ 150 million, 40% of the total estimated damagesof US$ 400 Million in the four countries in theMekong River basin including Laos, Cambodia,Vietnam and Thailand.
¾ Death toll at 347 (80 percent of whom were children).
¾ Some 750,618 families (3,448,629 individuals)
affected by flooding, about 85,000 families had to
had to be evacuated.

8Floods of 2001
¾ Affected Provinces/Municipalities: 14, Districts: 84,Communes: 595¾ Victims Affected: 429,698 families, equivalent to2,121,952 people¾ Affected population who had food shortage causedby flood: 192,284 families, equivalent to: 945,665people¾ Rice partially damaged by flood: seedling 7,739
Has, Transplanted 23,7275 Has¾ Rice totally destroyed by flood: seedling 5,732 Has,Transplanted 144,386 Has

Floods of 2001
¾People killed: 62 (70% were children)¾Houses destroyed: 2,251 houses¾National roads destroyed: 39Km
¾Rural roads destroyed: 7,937Km¾Bridges destroyed: 175 places¾Schools affected by flood: 911¾Health centers affected by flood: 45¾Irrigation systems destroyed: 201 places

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WHAT IS TOOK CAMBODIA IN FLOODING
The main problems to be consider on cause of flooding-The increasing frequency of exstreme climate event
called La Nina (cold episode)-Environment degradation and recurring El Nino (warmepisode) extreme climate events.
-disforestration

In recent years, there has been an imbalancein the distribution of monsoon rainfall which
has resulted in drought in some parts of thecountry
A short dry spell of 20 to 30 days during therainy season ( May – November ) can result
to extensive damage to crops
Prolonged drought was experienced in 1997 to1998. And in 2001, while still recovering fromthe effects of the flood of 2000, Cambodia wasalso affected by severe drought

10Drought in 2001
¾Affected population who had food shortage causedby drought: 132,711 families, equivalent to: 530,844
people¾Rice partially damaged by drought: seedling 13,361
Has, Transplanted 89,787 Has¾Rice totally destroyed by drought: seedling 8,696Has, Transplanted 45,291 Has

Typhoons in Cambodia¾In 2000, a series of typhoons caused similar damage
in 5 provinces of the country¾In 2001, six (6) provinces were hit by typhoons
resulting to destruction of 743 houses, 6 schoolbuildings and 2 temples resulting to 1 death and 11
injured¾In 1992, two (2) typhoons hit several districts in
Phnom Penh City and Kandal province resulting tothe destruction of some 500 homes.

11Other disasters include Fires that occur insome of the major cities and cause
extensive damage due to the lack ofsufficient fire fighting equipment
In 2001, there were 46 cases of house fires thatcaused the destruction of some 3,316 houses,
the deaths of 5 people and 20 injured

The Royal Government of Cambodia

National Committee for DisasterManagement (NCDM)

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Royal Government of Cambodia

National Committee for Disaster Management
MissionTo lead the Disaster Management in the Kingdom of Cambodia.
Functions and Responsibilities¾ To coordinate with the Ministries of the Royal Government, UN
agencies, IOs, NGOs, International Communities, NationalAssociations, and Local Donors in order to appeal for aid forEmergency Response and Rehabilitation.
¾ To make recommendations to the Royal Government and issue
principles, main policies and warnings on Disaster Preparedness
and Management cum the measures for Emergency Response
and interventions in evacuating people to haven.

Royal Government of Cambodia

National Committee for Disaster Management¾ To disseminate Disaster Management work to Communities andstrengthen the line from the National level (Ministries / Institutionsconcerned) to the provincial/ Municipal/ District/ Precinct level
along with human resource development aiming to manage
Disaster works firmly and effectively.
¾ To put forward a proposal to the Royal Government on reserves,funds, fuel, means of working, equipment and human resources for
Disaster Prevention and intervention in Emergency Response andRehabilitation before, during, and after disaster,

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NCDM Organizational Structure
National Committee for Disaster Management
Audit Unit
DM Working Groups ofMinistries/Institutions

GeneralSecretariat

Provincial Committee forDisaster Management (PCDM)

Cabinet

PCDM Secretariat

District Committee forDisaster Management (DCDM)
Commune DisasterManagement TeamNCDM Organizational Structure
National Committee for Disaster Management
Executive Committee(President, 1st Vice President, Secretary General)
NCDM General Secretariat

Administration Information Emergency
Preparedness Search andand Finance& Relations Response & and Training Rescue
Department
Department Rehabilitation Department Department
Department

14Inter-Agency Coordination Mechanism
Emergency Coordinating Group
Lead: NCDM
In coordination with CRC, IFRC, UN-DMT)¾ Emergency Relief Assistance Sub-Group
Lead: NCDM and Cambodian Red Cross (CRC)¾Food Security and Infrastructure Sub-Group
Lead: Ministry of Agriculture & Ministry of Transportand Public Works
Health Sub-Group
Lead: Ministry of Health¾Water & Sanitation & Small Scale Infrastructure
Lead: Ministry of Rural Development

Royal Government of Cambodia
National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM)

Disaster Managementand Countermeasures

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National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM)
Disaster Management & Countermeasures

Strategic Planning
Assisted by the International Red Cross Federation (lFRC),
UN World Food Program (WFP) and International Institutefor Disaster Risk Management (IDRM) in coming out with:¾ National Workshop to review Disaster and Disaster
Management activities in Cambodia¾ Joint Assessment of Capacity and Capability of Cambodian
Government’s NCDM
¾ Five (5) Year Institutional Development Plan
¾ Two (2) Year Action PlanNational Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM)
Disaster Management & Countermeasures

Policy Development¾ Issuance of New Sub-decree on the functionand organization of NCDM
¾ New Circular No.1 SR containing provisions on:
9Function and organization of provincial, district andcommune level committees for disaster management
9Coordination with government ministries and IOs andNGOs
9Damage and Needs Assessment systems andprocedures

16National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM)
Disaster Management & Countermeasures

Capacity Building¾ WFP (World Food Program) support on Damage and Needs
Assessment systems and procedures, training and on-the-jobcoaching for NCDM staff through technical assistance of IDRM
¾ WFP-NCDM workshop on Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping¾ Mekong River Commission (MRC)-NCDM workshop on Early
Warning Systems and Flood Forecasting¾ ADRC support NCDM by provided Resaerching Study to NCDM
Officials and Cooperative Project on Human Resources
Development on Disaster Management.
¾ DANIDA support for Pilot Community-based Public AwarenessProject through technical assistance of ADPC

National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM)
Disaster Management & Countermeasures

Disaster Management Information System¾ Proposal for design and installation of DisasterManagement Information System (DMIS) andstrengthening capacity building at the NCDM
submitted to European Commission Humanitarian
Aid Office (ECHO) through the United Nation forDisaster Management Team (UNDMT)

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National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM)
Disaster Management & Countermeasures

Coordination with NGOs
Cambodian Red Cross (CRC) – Community-based Disaster
Preparedness, Small-scale mitigation projects, Safe areadevelopment, disaster response and relief
CARE Cambodia – Community-based Disaster Preparedness
project in Prey Veng province, disaster planning and training
for DCDMs, donation of equipment (i.e., radios and boats),
reliefAction Against Hunger (AAH) – Disaster Preparedness,
Small- scale mitigation projects, Proposed Community-based
Early Warning project in Kampong Cham province
OXFAM Cambodia – Disaster preparedness, response andrelief, proposed Community-based Disaster preparedness inTakeo province.

Development
OnDamage and Need Assessment Format

1-Risk Monitoring Report
2-Flash-Report
3-Initial Report(IR)4-District Level Damage Report
5- Provincial Damage Report
6- National Report

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NCDM
National Assessment and Strategic Planning

Inter-agencyCoordination
NCDN-WFP Workshop on Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping (VAM)

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Emergency -Response
Damage and Needs Assessment

Resource Mobilization

National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM)
Disaster Management & Countermeasures

1000s Navy forces were trained for Emergency - Relief

20The ceremony of the Giving ang Receiving Japan Humanitarian Aid between HE.
Gotaro Ogawa Japanes Ambassador and HE. Nhim Vanda 1st Vice President of
NCDM for assist Cambodian people who are affected by flood 2001

-Blanket: 6,750pcs;-Plastic sheet: 200 rolls;-Cash:US$100,000

Safe Area Development
Idetfify more than 100safe placesin the disaster prone areas21

Mobile Home Project assisted by local donors

Total Project cost at USD300,000

Disaster Relief

The Queen and The CRC Headactivities in flood 2001

Activities 0f Japanese Abassador toCabodia HE.Gotaro Ogawa and HE.
Nhim Vanda in the flood 2001

The Prime Minister’activities inproviding food to the victims

JICA Head and HE. Nhim Vanda are
distibuting Japan aid to the victims in flood
2001

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ARIGATO GOZAIMASU
ORKUNThank You23