Recent Development of
Water Environmental Managementin Vietnam

1. Dr Do Nam Thang
Deputy Director General of International Cooperation – Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment

2. Mr Nguyen Trong Cuu
Deputy Director – Centre for Environmental Technology Consultancy Vietnam Environment Administration

Water environment management challenges

Water environment policies

Potential collaboration

Vietnam: some figures

 Population: 90 mil
 Annual GDP:
 2001-2010: 7.5 % 2010-now: about 5.5%

 223 industrial zones;
600,000 factories; 1,700industrial clusters
 Rapid urbanization

Challenges
 Wastewater management in urban areas

 715 cities and towns• Only 15 cities have wastewater treatment
systems in operation or in construction

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OVERVIEW OF WATER POLLUTION

 Domestic wastewater 90% of domestic wastewater not treated Wastewater treatment plants in some bigcities (e.g Ho Chi Minh city, Ha Noi, DaNang…) but their capacities only meet
about 30% of the demand Major pollutants: BOD, N-NH4+, coliform

OVERVIEW OF WATER POLLUTION

Share of pollution load (%)

BOD discharge into surface water: Share of industrial and domestic* JICA , Vol5 – Industrial water management 2010

Challenges
 Pollution caused by leachate from landfills

 109 landfills
 Only 10 have leachate
treatment systems
Nam Son Landfill leachate treatment system

Dong Vinh Landfill leachate treatment system
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Company Logo Industrial wastewater treatment- 223 industrial zones- Total wastewater discharge: ~ 1,000,000 m3/day- Current status:

12.9%

Already havewastewater
treatment plants
43.3%

wastewater
treatment systembeing constructed
Not have wastewater
treatment

43.9%

Challenges
 Pollution by wastewater from hospitals

 150 of 1,100 hospitals (about 15%) havewastewater treatment systems
 Pollution by wastewater from 1,500 craft-villages

 Organic pollution: from food processing, cattlebreeding, slaughtering craft villages.
 Inorganic pollution: high total solid in wastewaterfrom textile dyeing and paper recycling craftvillages; heavy metals in wastewater from metal
recycling and plating.Company Logo
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Challenges
 Overall assessment
 Limited wastewater treatment, both industrial anddomestic
 Causes: Industrial wastewater: low commitment frombusiness and insufficient enforcement
 Domestic wastewater: lack of finance and publicdemand Lack for locally tailored technology

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WATER ENVIRONMENT POLICIES• Resolution 24-NQ/TW 6/2013• Law on Environmental Protection 2005
• National strategy on environment 2010 andorientation till 2020
• Green growth strategy

WATER ENVIRONMENT POLICIES• Vietnam environmental industry development
program to 2015, vision to 2025
• Decree 25/2013/NĐ-CP on wastewater fees
• Decree 88/2007/ND-CP on urban and industrial
park water drainage• Decree 04/2009 on supporting environmental
protection business National Environment Strategy’s Objectives by2020:
 Waste treatment systems for:
 95% of industrial zones and clusters
 75% urban areas grade 4 and above 60% craft villages Clean water access: 100% for urban residents (2010:80%)
 95% for rural residents(2010:79%)
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 Criteria for selecting technology
1. Techniques/advancements
2. Cost effectiveness
3. Environmentally friendly
4. Social acceptance