Report on Exchange Meetingwith East Asian Countries(2014-2017)

Message from the President of Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists
Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists (JAOT) hosted
the 1st Luncheon with East Asian Countries in the 16th
International Congress of the World Federation of Occupational
Therapists in Yokohama in 2014. At the meeting, JAOT proposed
the plan to keep holding the meeting on a regular basis, and theplan was agreed by representatives from South Korea, Taiwan,
Hong Kong, Philippines and Singapore.
Following the success of the luncheon meeting, the series of Exchange Meeting with East AsianCountries was organized in 2015 (Kobe), 2016 (Sapporo) and 2017 (Tokyo).
The purpose of the meetings was to know the current state, challenges and opportunities in OT
each other, and also strengthen our relationship. Through these meetings, I believe we havedeveloped our shared understanding of our roles of OT in Asia, education and training system of
each country. Actually we have also achieved more than just sharing ideas. A bilateralcollaboration was already launched, and also future collaborations in practice, education andresearch areas are highly expected.
There will be issues on the venue and the holding period in the future, but the continuation of
the meetings to be confirmed, and we would like to promote further exchanges with eachcountry.
Finally, we would like to thank for those who have cooperated with us in organizing themeetings and all your contributions so far.

Mr. Haruki Nakamura
President
Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

Message from the Director of the International Section, JAOT
During the 16th International Congress of the World Federationof Occupational Therapists held in Yokohama in 2014, JAOT
startedactiveinterchange

withoccupational

therapist

associations of several neighboring countries.
This project was undertaken to support cooperation among theoccupational therapist associations (OTAs) of South Korea,
Taiwan, Hong Kong, Philippines, Singapore, and Japan. At thefirst meeting in Yokohama in 2014, the respective associations were introduced. Then we
discussed themes for discussion for these six OTAs. At the second meeting in Kobe in 2015, we
presented work and tasks of the respective OTAs, and discussed ideas for solution. At the third
meeting in Sapporo in 2016, we introduced arts and science systems of the respective OTAs.
Then we grouped for interchange of arts and sciences with the respective OTAs. At the fourth
meeting in Tokyo in 2017, we presented education systems of the respective OTAs in
conjunction with the occupational therapy (OT) education system the respective countries. This
meeting revealed the expansive OT needs of these countries, and subsidiary needs. Through thefour meetings, we identified similarities and differences of work and tasks of the six OTAs.
Additionally, we built a basis to support cooperation in the near future.
Japan’s aging society has progressed far beyond those of other countries. For all of Japan,
dementia, musculoskeletal ambulation disability symptoms, and others of elderly people posesevere difficulties. Along with difficulties confronted by elderly people, Japan requires measuresfor people with mental and developmental difficulties. Especially, some means are necessary tohelp people set to work and have a social life.
JAOT is working on these tasks using Management Tools for Daily Life Performance.
Furthermore, we develop unexplored territory of Japanese occupational therapists. We earnestly
hope that this report will be as useful for all Asian occupational therapists as they have been forthe six OTAs.
Best regards,

Dr. Hiromi Fujii
Director, International Section, JAOT
Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

Table of Contents
1. The first Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries・・・・・・・・・・・・・・2014/06/19
Photos ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.1
Proceedings ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.2

2. The second Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries・・・・・・・・・・・・・2015/06/18
Photos ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.5
Agenda・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.6
Documents ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.7
3. The third Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 2016/09/08
Photos ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.35
Agenda・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.36
Documents ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.37
4. The fourth Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries・・・・・・・・・・・・・2017/09/21
Photos ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.82
Agenda・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.83
Documents ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.84

1. The first Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries

1Luncheon with East Asian Countries
Proceedings【Date】June 19, 2014 (Thursday) 12：00～13：00【Participants】（titles omitted）
Japan：Haruki Nakamura, Junichi Shimizu, Hiroshi Yamane, Masayoshi Kobayashi,
Daisuke Jinnai, Hiromi Fujii, Yasuhito Sengoku, Yoshihisa Sato, Noriko
Tomioka, Fusae Ishibashi, Setsuko Yamasaki
Taiwan (R.O.C)：Ms. Ling Hui Chang, Ms. Ying Chung ChouSouth Korea：Dr. Byoung-Jin Jeon, Ms. Eun-Young YooSingapore：Ms. Florence Cheong, Dr. Lim Hua Beng
Philippines：Dr. Anthony S Grecia【Absent】
Hong Kong：Dr. Kenneth N. K. FONG
【Agenda】
1. Greetings and Self-introduction
Haruki Nakamura, JAOT President made the opening greetings and expressed his
intention to hold this meeting once a year from this time forward on a continuous basis
and make this meeting as a kick-start to deepen the exchanges among theassociations in Asian countries.
2. Concerning the International Symposium
Junichi Shimizu, the Vice President of JAOT told that JAOT is wishing to make thismeeting as the opportunity to promote international exchanges of OTs in bothacademic and educational basis. He also explained about the International
Symposium which is held annually in the national conference of JAOT and one
presenter from each country will be invited to make a presentation at the symposium
hereafter. In line with this, he asked the attendees from abroad for help to nominate
the presenter who can make a presentaiton at the symposium.
3. Concerning the Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy①
Masayoshi Kobayashi, the Scientific Committee Manager introduced the Japanese
Occupational Therapy Congress & Expo which is held annually explaining that it
became possible for foreign applicants to register the 49th Japanese Occupational
Therapy Congress and Expo which will be held in Kobe in 2015 and the next national
conference which will be held in Hokkaido in 2016. He also asked the attendants toconsider about the registration to these Congresses.
4. Concerning the Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy②
Yasuhito Sengoku, the Chief of the Asian Journal of Occuptional Therapy Editing
Committee explained about the outline of the journal and manuscript submission rules.
●Question from Singapore：Requested the detailed explanation about the themanuscript rules including the submission period.
●Question from Taiwan： Asked whether they have the rules about quotation ornot.
●Question from Philippines：Asked about the list of the reviewers how they wereselected.

2

→Mr. Sengoku answered that he is recruiting the reviewer
who is like the person listed on the international journal. Hiscommittee needs more than one reviewer from eachcountries. Taking this meeting as the opportunity fornominate reviewers from the participant’s countries.
5. Concerning the Education for Occupational Thrapists
Daisuke Jinnai, the Education Department Manager introduced the transition ofJapanese occupational therapists which is stated on the page 12 on JAOT brochure,explaining that the main characteristic of the the Japanese occupational therapist
population is that about 80% of it is consisted of young generation. He also explained
about the current situation of each qualificaiton aquisition including post-qualification
education system, authorized occupational therapist, specialized occupational therapist,
and/or other qualifications.
※The report and explanation from each countries about this issue are the followings:●Opinion from Singapore：Complimented the JAOT educational system as
wonderful, and mentioned that Asian countries need to learn fromthis system and set it as a model. Singapore also has therecognition system as well, but not as well-organized as
Japanese system.
●Opinion from Philippines：Explained that Philippines is creating the educational
system currently. Under such a circumstance, they mentionedthat they would be happy if they could go ahead with creating
system by cooperating with JAOT and other countries andlearning from them.
●Opinion from Singapore：Mentioned the current situation of OT in Singapore that
OT is also less-noted than PT in their country. Under suchcircumstance, they think that the promotion of the educational
system for master and doctor is necessary. It is well-developed inAustralia, but in terms of the entire Asian development, we needto create such system by cooperating each other.
●Question from Singapore：How JAOT classify the areas of experts of OT in
concrete?
→Dasuke Jinnai explained about the four specialities and sevenareas for four areas of speciality and/or seven specialities for
specialized occupational therapist.
●Opinion from South Korea：Explained 10 types of educational program areprovided in South Korea and all of them put a high value on thecommunity-based programs.
●Opinion from Philippines：Explained that the classification by speciality is being
promoted in Philippines. The percentage of pediatrics is high byratio, but they are also creating the programs for disasterpreparedness.
●Opinion from Taiwan：Insisted that how to make a classification of speciality
varies by the university level or hospital clinics in each country in
Asian region. If Asian countries cooperate to create educational
programs, they need to make programs based on the big theme
such as “dementia”. Taking this meeting as an opportunity, theysuggested the participants to set out a core theme.

3

●Opinion from Singapore：Agreed with the opinion of Taiwan. They suggested todevelop programs by seperating into the area requires highspeciality or not.
●Opinion from Philippines：Also agreed with the opinion of Taiwan. They alsosuggested to make a core theme and to make programs basedon the theme for five-year span.
●Opinion from Haruki Nakamura：Told that he was happy to know the current
situation of each countries. He also explained the current
situation of Japan that they are trying to make the system which
can be recognized by the government, but it’s difficult to get therecognition by the OT alone, so they are making approach to thegovernment by cooperating with PT and ST to make one
cooperative organization. He told the approaches toward thedisaster preparedness of Philippines became very informative
guide. In Japan, the doctor and nurse are considered to be worth
investing a great deal of money to training system, so they wantmake OT to achieve the same status. Therefore, he considers it’snecessary for them to cooperate with Asian countries to makeone certain theme for the improvement of OT’s position in thesociety.
●Question from Taiwan：Have one question whether they can consider thismeeting as the gathering belongs to WFOT or not?
→Haruki Nakamura answered that this meeting doesn’t belong to
WFOT. He asked the participants to recognize this meeting as
the gathering among the associations of each countries.
6. Concerning the Future Plan
Haruki Nakamura, the JAOT President explained about his intention to continue
holding this meeting regulary. He also proposed the participants to hold this meeting
once a year basis from now on and told that he will let the JAOT to prepare the draft for
the regular meeting.
→All the participants from South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Philippines agreed tothis proposal.

42. The second Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries

5General Information of “The 2nd Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries”
Date：June 18, 2015 (Thu.)：16:00-18:00
Venue：Hyogo University of Health Sciences
Meeting Room M487
Address: 1-3-6 Minatojima Chu-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
http://www.huhs.ac.jp/
Chair：Fujii Hiromi, The Deputy Department Manager of International Affairs
Department, Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists (JAOT)

Agenda
16:00 Opening remarks

Haruki Nakamura, The President of Japanese Association of
Occupational Therapists

16:10 10-minutes presentation about the current situation of occupational therapy in eachcountrySouth Korea

Dr. Eun-Young Yoo, The Vice President of Korean Association of
Occupational Therapists

TaiwanDr. Mei-Hsiang Chen, The President of Taiwan Occupational Therapy
Association

Hong Kong

Dr. Samuel Chan, The President of Hong Kong Occupational Therapy
Association

Philippines

Dr. Anthony S Grecia, The President of Occupational Therapy
Association of the Philippines

Singapore

Dr. Lim Hua Beng, The WFOT Delegate of Singapore Association of
Occupational Therapists

Japan

Masayoshi Kobayashi, The Science Department Manager of Japanese
Association of Occupational Therapists

17:10 Topics of discussion
1) Promotion of academic exchange（Proposal from JAOT）
2) Future direction of this meeting
3) Others
18:00 Closing remarks

Junichi Shimizu, The Vice President of Japanese Association of

Occupational Therapists

650000Occupational Therapy in JAPAN

45000
40000

2015.04.01
The number of Japanese OTMembers of JAOT
male

74,80047,388female

35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0

The 2nd Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries
June 18, 2015 (Thu.)
Masayoshi Kobayashi
The Science Department Manager of JAOT

25000
20000

The number of occupational therapist in Japan








Member Profile of JAOT in 2012
Affiliation of OT (n = 40,092)

15000
10000
5000
0

7

450

214

200

Japan

1,184

Overseas

1,169

Total*

2,353

300
250

120
114
109

100

200

97

150
100

68

Oral presentation

898

Poster presentation

1,379

Workshop350*It is included keynote lecture and symposiumon the total number

150

424

400

299
237 234217

106 102
75
51

15

26 24

57

14

0
23

20 19

17 16 16

13 12 119 9 8 7 7
5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

USA
Australia
SwedenUnited Kingdom
CanadaTaiwanNetherlands
IsraelSouth Korea
South Africa
Singapore
Denmark
NorwayNew Zealand
Switzerland
Ireland
BrazilPhilippines
Belgium
TurkeyThailandHong Kong
Malaysia
Chile
Bangladesh
SloveneArgentina
India
Iran
Austria
China
Germany
Bulgaria
FranceIcelandFinland
KuwaitLatviaMexicoNamibia
Portugal
Spain
Tunisia
Colombia
GreeceGrembergen
Italy
Madagascar
Mauritius
Romania
ScotlandSri Lanka
UgandaZimbabwe
Other

30

57

47

42 41
33

0

2,334

204 195

50
50

57
Total

The number of presentations at the 2014 WFOT congress

Title classification that has been presented at the 2014 WFOT congressThe number of presentations
Title category
DiseaseGeneral occupations
Cognitive functions
Mental functions
Self care
Education
Development
Services and environment
Assistive Technology
Function of sensory - movement and central nervous system
Intellectual functions
Function of bone and muscle and peripheral nerves
Work
Profession
Therapeutic occupations
Psychological function
LeisureInterpersonal relationships
OthersTotal

The 49th Japanese Occupational Therapy Congress and Expo in HYOGO 2015 


Oral
105
35
35
29
30
18
15
15
20
15
25
15
20
10
10
10
5
5
10
427


Poster
130
94
52
48
45
41
36
34
26
30
19
26
20
30
28
27
14
7
12
719

Total
235
129
87
77
75
59
51
49
46
45
44
41
40
40
38
37
19
12
22
1146

The number of presentations at the the 49th Japanese Occupational Therapy Congress and
Expo in HYOGO, 2015 8

10,000

4000
3500
3000

3395
3058

(26.8%)

3657

3626

(30.3%)(39.4%)(24.0%)

2500
2000
1500

2179
1511
(11.8%)

2401(26.1%)(18.1%)

1646(13.0%)

1000
500
0

2012

2015

Over 65 years old -2025

Over 75 years old -A total of 230 subjects participated in a randomized
controlled trial (RCT). The group that performed the
MTDLP intervention maintained their Quality of life
(QOL) one year after intervention, whereas QOL
gradually declined in the control group. The
incremental cost eﬀectiveness ratio (ICER) was
23,000 yen/quality-adjusted life year (QALY),
indicating suﬃcient cost eﬀectiveness.

2055（％ Population ratio）

Japan's elderly population

Reference
Noto S et al.: Eﬀect of occupational therapy using “themanagement tool for daily life performance” for dependentcommunity - dwelling elderly: A randomized controlled multi ‒center trial. Japanese Occupational Therapy Research 33:
259-269, 2014

Reference: http://www.mhlw.go.jp/seisakunitsuite/bunya/hukushi̲kaigo/kaigo̲koureisha/chiiki-houkatsu/dl/link1-1.pdf





9

LOGO

History of OT in South Korea

Occupational Therapy
in South Korea

1950
Korean War

1952

1965

Occupational
Therapist
Training
ProgramFirst National
LicenseExam

1979
First OT
School• Yonsei University• 1-year internshipprogram for warinjured people

Eun Young Yoo, OT, Ph.D.
Vice president of KAOTOT Education Program

OT Education Program in 2015

64 OT
programs
Classification
1st OT
School

1-Yearinternshipprogram3 or 4- year
program3-year college

4-year university

Total

32

32

64

1,701

1,245

2,946

The number ofuniversities

4-yearprogram

The number of

1998-2015

students

1979
1965-1995

10

Number of Occupational
Therapists

Master and PhD OT programs

Year
Occupational
therapist

OT entry level
Program

Master program

64

15

1990

1996

2000

2006

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

139

318

416

2,260

4,408

5,403

6,445

7,586

8,539

10,071

11,391

PhD program
11,391

12,00010,071

10,000

7

8,539
7,586

8,000

6,445
5,403

6,000
4,408

4,000
2,260

2,000

139

318

416

1990 1996 2000 2006 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Age Distribution of KAOT
Members

Number of Medical Technician
70,00066,12060,00055,328

number

52,97357.8%

50,00039,18140,00033,22237.8%

30,00020,000
11,391
10,000

3.6%

0

0.7%
Occupational
therapist

Physicaltherapist

Medicallaboratory
technologist

Radiological
technologist

Dentalhygienist

Dentaltechnician
20s

Ref. The Ministry of Health and Welfare License Management Information System, 2014

11

30s

40s

50s

0.03%

60s

Pass Rate of National OT
License Exam

Gender Distribution of
KAOT Members

Examinee

32th

2005

655

503

76.8

33th

2006

819

608

74.2

34th

2007

844

595

70.5

35th

2008

995

650

68.1

36th

2009

1,109

901

81.2

Female37th

2010-1

1,199

1,008

84.1

Male

38th

2010-2

1,299

1,055

81.2

39th

2011

1,370

1,141

83.3

40th

2012

1,568

953

60.8

41th

2013

2,028

1,532

75.5

42th

2014

1,992

1,972

66.9

10,771

8,147

74.8

22%

78%

Total

Workplace of KAOT Members
medical institutepublic corporation
nursery

health-care centerschoolgraduate course

laboratory
nursing home
professor

Successful
candidateYear

Population for OT

mental hospital
walfare facility
etc

11.8%
welfare facility
3.7%

nursery
4.7%

mental disorder

etc
9.7%

21.8%

school2.4%
mental hospital
0.5%
laboratory
4.8%

Pass rate (%)

65.9%

vocational rehab

etc

medical institute
63.8%
physical dysfunction

health-care center
6.2%(N=5,442)

12

Employment Rate

History of KAOT
1983

Occupational therapists meetings

Average 76%
100

1993 KAOT, Ministry of Health and
83.5%
75

69.8%

Welfare

83.1%
71.0%

72.6%

1995 Asia Pacific Association of
Occupational Therapists

50

1998 WFOT member
252008 Collaboration with Japan02015 Start OT license renewal system

KAOT Membership Rate The symbol of fivefingers that reach out andembrace the world.

The number ofSubscription

The total number

 Health, Hope,
Revitalization, Life, andHarmony

Classification

association

rate ofmembers

associationof licentiates Values, vision, andcommitment of the KAOT
to the harmony of the
global OT society

13

In 2009

4,403

2,416

54.9%

In 2013

8,539

6,050

70.9%

In 2015

11,391

8,823

77.5%

Annual conference of KAOTThe Journal of Korean Occupational
therapy (from 1993 ~)Korean Academy of Sensory Integration, 2003

Society of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and Dementia, 2007

Korean Academy of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, 2007

The Korean Society of Assistive Technology, 2009

Korean Society of Hand Therapy, 2009
Korean Academy of Mental Health Occupational Therapy, 2010

Each professional academic
activities & research,enhancing expertise,
supplementary education

Thank you for listening

Korean Academy of Children School Occupational Therapy, 2011

Korean Society of Cognitive Rehabilitation, 2011

Korea Community-based Occupational Therapy Association, 2011

Korean Society for Nuerological Occupational Therapy, 201114

A Presentation on
Occupational Therapy Services
in Hong Kong – An Update

On Behalf of Hong Kong
Occupational Therapy Association,
I thank you forJapanese Association of
Occupational Therapists’kind invitation

Mr. Samuel Chan
Chairperson
HKOTA

Key Milestones inHong Kong’s OT History

Key Milestones inHong Kong’s OT History

 OT Service started since 40’s – A handicraft instructor
employed to work in a Mental Hospital in 1949 The first formal OT service established in a major
hospital in 1953 The first OT school in operation in 1978; 43 OT
graduated in 1981 Hong Kong Occupational Therapy Association (HKOTA)
was founded also in 1978; Its former name was Hong
Kong Association of Occupational Therapists (HKAOT)
which started with 40 members only at that time

 HKAOT was officially accepted as a member of WFOT in
1984
 1985 saw the publication of ‘Journal of Hong Kong
Association of Occupational Therapists’, later re-named‘Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy’ in 1993; itis now indexed in SCI-E with an Impact Factor of 0.652
according to Thomson Reuters’ 2013 data
 Starting from 1990, OT practitioners in Hong Kong wererequired to register with the ‘OT Board, Hong Kong’ ifthey intended to practise the profession legally

15

Key Milestones inHong Kong’s OT History

Development of theOT Profession in Hong Kong

 1992 saw the establishment of the Hospital Authority
in Hong Kong, that took over the management andadministration of all public-funded hospitals
 The first Master OT program was launched by theHong Kong Polytechnic University in 1996
 The first Master entry OT program was launched also
by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2012 The second Bachelor Degree (Hons.) in OT program
was launched by the Tung Wah College in 2013; hence
there exist 2 OT schools operating BSc programs inHong Kong now Occupational Therapy in Hong Kong has undergone
significant development in many different sectors over the
past 65 years
 OT emerging into newer frontiers including Housing,Examination Adjustment for high schoolers, Alternative
Therapy (Bowen Therapy), Case Management (integrative
one stop services) of community dwellers with mental
illness and of workers suffering from work injuries,
Promotion of Wellness (Disease Prevention) throughpractice of Chinese Traditional Qi Gong, etc.

Development of theOT Profession in Hong Kong

Development of theOT Profession in Hong Kong

 The latest manpower survey by the Hong Kong’s
Department of Health in 2011 indicated that: 1. About 48.2% occupational therapists were employedby the Hospital Authority
 2. Around 33.6% working in the Non-Government
Organizations (NGO) 3. Only 8.6% practising in private market
 4. Minorities are: 5.7 % employed by academic
Institutions and 3.8% by Government Departments like
Department of Health, Social Welfare Department, etc.

 The Hong Kong Occupational Therapists are
relatively young with median age of 36
 In general, a master degree qualification is a prerequisite for consideration for promotion to ahigher rank
 Since 2009, there has been a severe shortage of
OT manpower in the market, with many unfilledvacancies in both the Hospital Authority and the
NGOs

16

Development of theOT Profession in Hong Kong

Development of theOT Profession in Hong Kong

 On the other hand, the demand on OT
Service is increasing because of: 1. The aging population
 2. An advocated focus on the enhancementof quality of life of the disabled byhealthcare practitioners
 3. A growing need for rehabilitation from thecommunity with a better knowledge about
OT Yet, OT manpower supply is going to improve because: 1. The second Master Entry OT Program will complete
soon in 2016 2. The second Occupational Therapy Program launchedby Tung Wah College was already in operation in 2012 &2013 respectively
 3. In addition, there has been a marked increase inundergraduate admissions to the Hong Kong Polytechnic
University from 45 to 90 per year starting from 2012
 As a result, there will be over 130 Occupational Therapy
graduates joining the workforce each year starting from2017

Development of theOT Profession in Hong Kong

OT Governing Mechanism
in Hong Kong

 The practice of OT in Hong Kong also has
shown great changes throughout past 65 years:

 Legal System: Registration through the Occupational Therapists’Board, Hong Kong
 OT Practitioners need a Practising Certificate to legally practise theprofession
 Practising Certificate is to be renewed once a year Civil Society’s Influence (non-governmental system): Both the “Hong Kong Occupational Therapy Association” and the“Coordinating Committee in Occupational Therapy” in the ‘Hospital
Authority’ have been playing an important and leading role in the
self-control of OT in Hong Kong
 They have been investing much effort in setting service standards,
guiding therapists in the provision of service

Old Practice

New PracticeDiscrete physical & mental health practice

Combination of both physical and psychosocial
practice

Skill and technique based

Knowledge and evidence based

Treatment and rehabilitation

Including disease prevention

High quantity to cope with the demandHigh touch and personalized

Focus on OT service

Providing case management

 To uplift OTs’ clinical competence, HKOTA published a wide
variety of publications in the past years on different areas ofpractice such as stroke, paediatric , dementia care, work
rehabilitation and mental health service, etc.

17

Investments of HKOTA –Contributions to the OT Profession

SUCCESS FACTORS Occupational Therapy development in Hong Kong is deemed healthyand successful. Looking back, there were five key factors for the
success:
 1. understanding the needs of the clients 2. working and learning diligently to satisfy their needs
 3. connecting with the stakeholders
 4. on-going training and development
 5. leadership of one and only one territory-wide OT professional
association

 The Hong Kong Occupational Therapy Association has invested much resource in the public
education on Occupational Therapy – PUBLICITY Since 2011, there was an annual “World OT Day” event, involving nearly 100 therapists andstudents as volunteers, with game booths for the public to understand OT in various
specialties – PUBLICITY The Hong Kong Polytechnic University students also started the same promotion activity inthe university campus recently and it will also become an annual event – NETWORKING There was annual radio program series on OT broadcasted since 2013 – PUBLICITY The association ensures that the OT voice will be heard in policy consultation on an array ofareas of public administration such as health care policy, health care service planning andbarrier free access for people with disability – HEALTH PROMOTION
 There were close connections between the Association and other professional groups andpatient groups with OT supporting their groups’ activity including conference, joint press
conference and health promotional events – HEALTH PROMOTION
 Publications produced by HKOTA – PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Above all, upholding the core value of OT – “all our clients shall lead ameaningful life of their choice” and sharing of this value with thecommunity at large drove Hong Kong OTs forward

CHALLENGES AHEAD

CHALLENGES AHEAD

 1. OT was a relatively new concept in Chinese
population, which was imported from Western World;
causing misunderstanding of customers about thenature of OT
 2. Demand posed upon HKOTA by both OTs and theGeneral Public keeps increasing while on the other
hand the Association’s network keeps enlarging;leading to our Voluntary Executives’ inefficiency incoping with these demands

3. Hong Kong OTs are facing a need forspecialization; pressurizing them to pursue anincessantly life-long professional development
4. Shortage of teaching manpower in the OT
educational institutes; constraining the teachers
in taking good care for the students
5. In general, shortage of OT practitioners in thesociety to render services to customers

18Key Milestones inHong Kong’s OT History

CHALLENGES AHEAD
 6. Significant Increase in number of intake of female
OT students (Ratio of male to female OT student
intake is preferably 1:1 because the profession needs
the different but distinctive contributions of both sexes) 7. Regression in clinical skills induction in the
educational institutes because apprenticeship mode ofeducation in schools has been foregone; demanding
HKOTA to do more skill training courses for on-field
OTs

 OT Service started since 40’s – A handicraft instructor
employed to work in a Mental Hospital in 1949 The first formal OT service established in a major
hospital in 1953 The first OT school in operation in 1978; 43 OT
graduates produced in 1981 Hong Kong Occupational Therapy Association (HKOTA)
was founded also in 1978; Its former name was Hong
Kong Association of Occupational Therapists (HKAOT)THE END

19

Presented by:
Anthony S. Grecia, PhD Cand., MA, OTR, OTRP
President, OT Association of the Philippines

Current Profile of Philippine OT
Practitioners

Flow of Presentation
Factors and Institutions Influencing the OT
Practice

3123 registered and licensed OTs
286 members of the association (250-350 renewal rate ofmembership per year) 6 good and performing Schools/ universities offering a 5 year OT
baccalaureate program 3 additional OT schools can potentially perform well by 2016 There is increasing enrollment trend in all schools in the past 3
years
 There are about 100-120 new OT professionals per year Current ratio of OT professional to the population is
0.3 per 10,000 FilipinosCurrent Philippine OT Practice (Children,
Adolescents, Mental Health, Disaster
Response, Geriatrics, Community Integration)

Current Philippine OT Practice in Education

The Challenges and Direction of the Philippine
OT Practice20

1. The current population trend dictates
the need and emphasis of OT Practice

The pyramid has been relatively stablefrom 2005 and possibly until 2025

 Very strong OT Pediatricpractice with 33.4% of the
population within 0-14 years
old Emerging trend inadolescent practice andtransitioning programs with19.6% of the population
within 15-24 years old Geriatric OT practice is at
its infancy with 6.7% of the
population within 60-84
years old

2. The OT Tripartite of Governing Bodies/Institution
greatly influence OT Education & curriculum, andconsequently the practice patterns

3. The continuous
exodus of Ot-PT
professionals(CFO,2006) currently
affect the practicepatterns such that:OT Association of the Philippines-Continuous provision of seminars and workshops to update
practice patterns-Accreditation of curriculum of OT schools on behalf of
WFOTCommission on Higher Education, TechnicalCommittee on OT Education-monitoring and guidance of OT programs to meet Philippine
standards

Professional Regulation Commission, OT-PT
Regulatory Board-provision of licensure examination-implementation of the Continuing Professional Development
Program21

Majority are young
professionals and within
early adulthood
Only a few are seniorpractitioners and are at
middle to late adulthood
Only a few remained in
the country who have
graduate studies and arecapable of conducting
research

4. The increased occurrenceof disasters as well as thepromotion of inclusive
development (in the new CBRmatrix) has influenced thepractice patterns in dealing
with the various Filipino
Communities

5. The upcoming opening of market
for professional services (including
export of occupational therapy
services) through ASEAN Mutual
Recognition Agreement or MRA as
mandated by the government(Brockman, 2012) is starting to
influence professionals, including OTpractitioners to “Go local and Think
Global”

22Early Childhood

Client Group
The top (5) developmental disabilities in thePhilippines (Reyes and Herrin, 2009):
 Intellectual Disabilities
 Autism Spectrum Disorder Cerebral Palsy AD/HD Learning Disabilities*Global Developmental Delays*Communication and language disorders*Twice exceptionality







Behavioral Problems(short attention span)
Handwriting and learning
concerns
Excessive fixations incertain things or topics
Lack of friends anddifficulty with social
interaction
School participation andlearning














REASONS FORREFERRAL

Intervention Approaches

Behavioral Problems(hyperactivity, impulsivity,
excessive tantrums)
 Feeding Problems
 Lack of pre-requisite
skills for speech(attention span, imitation,awareness to others) Lack of play and social
interaction skills

Provision of Sensory
Integration
 Behavior Management
 Family Coaching Guided Play andInteraction
 Incorporation of Floortime and play
 Provision of aquatic
therapy

School Age/Middle Childhood

OT Target Concerns

Puberty and Adolescence

Use of Behavior Management Approaches(Behavior Modification, Cognitive-Behavioral
Therapy)
Detailed assessment of learning and perceptual
skills (visual-motor, visual-perception, auditory
perception)
Handwriting classes & Executive Functions Training
Game, Sports and Social Participation
Support school/SPED teacher by providing schoolaccommodations
Social Cognition and Social Competence Programs
Demystification to significant people such asteachers, siblings, and selected peers
Environmental modification through theincorporation of technology (I-PAD use) & TEACCH
methodCollaboration with different kinds of schools(mainstream/ progressive, traditional, international)











ROLES OF AN OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPIST

Age-appropriate self-care andpreparation for menstruationand other bodily changes
Masturbation issues
Bouts of aggression
Issues in Friendship andsocial interaction
Transitioning, placement, andprogram issues
Self-awareness andUnderstanding of his
condition

REASONS FORREFERRAL

23












Provide input in transition planning
Formulate a pre-vocational program
Vocational counseling (before the teen enterscollege)
Promote balance of satisfying routine tomaintain calmness as well as provide
opportunity for appropriate release sexual
tension
Provision of heterogeneous social competence
training groups
Grooming and Dressing
Demystification and Counseling
Executive Function Training
Social Skills Training
Cognitive Behavior Techniques

ROLES OF AN OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPISTTOP 5 CASES HANDLED

Services Inpatient Rehabilitation

 Visual Rehabilitation

 Outpatient Clinic

 Burn Rehabilitation

 Splinting & Brace Clinic

 Vocational Rehabilitation

 Hand Clinic
 Cardiac Rehabilitation
 Pulmonary Rehabilitation
 Dysphagia Clinic

24

Cardiovascular
Diseases

AutismSpinal Cord Injury

Cardiovascular
Dieases

Amputation

AD/HD

Burn

Developmental
DelaysFracture

Cerebral Palsy

In-patients

Out-patients

UP CAMP CBR aims to:
Increase the level of awareness toward disability
and disability related matters
 Minimize discrimination
PWD &
their
families Minimize barriers
Local DPO

 Improve accessibility

Address cause of disability and promote wellness
Provide services as therapists – increase theircapacitiesRESPONSE/RELIEF
ROLE OF THERAPISTS
Care for relief workers(search and rescue teams)
StressManagement/Psychosocial
Debriefing
Manage special needs
shelters
Provide supportive services
Reestablish routines amidst
disorder (relocation sites;
children)
Promote Accessibility!

25

Psychosocial Support

How do we choose communities?

Distress and suffering are not psychiatric illnesses

Victims  Survivors

USE PERSONAL NETWORKS
AlumniInterprofessional collaborations
Personal connections
Initial site visit

Adjust to post-disaster situations

 Have locals who will monitor

Psycho + Social**Go to areas where no international
NGO will go

The OTAP DRR Team

Roving Team
Psychosocial
Debriefing Team26

Promoting mental health through occupations

With the exclusion of disaster response, mental
health practice is predominantly hospital-based,targeting both in-patients and out-patients with thefollowing top diagnoses:
 Psychotic disorders (Brief Psychotic Disorder,
Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform, Schizoaffective,
Delusional disorders) Mood Disorders (Bipolar I and II, Major Depressive
Disorder) Anxiety Disorders; Trauma-related disorders(Acute Stress Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder); Substance-related Disorders

Promoting mental health through occupations

Sports and Health Promotion

Leisure and Play

Jeremaine W. Prieto, OTRP, OTR
Aileen Frances A. Romero, OTRP

27

Monitoring self-care

Health Maintenance (Yoga)

Sleep Preparation:
Bedside Management

Prevocational Training:
Clerical Work and Use of Computers

Trends & Challenges

Emphasis on Active Aging Practice in geriatrics is predominantly hospital-based(rehabilitation departments)
 Other practice settings are in skilled nursing facilities,
specialized centers in hospitals (e.g. Memory Center),and home health care.
 Elderly clients are primarily referred for stroke
rehabilitation concerns to target Both Upper Extremity
dysfunction, dysphagia, and other occupationaldifficulties.
 Primary challenges: very limited OTs practicing andspecializing in geriatrics although there is anincreasing number of Filipino elderly; very limited
exposure in the curriculum

Filipino Senior Citizens
6.8 %

28

Aging in PlaceWorking with
Caregivers

Falls Prevention

Low Vision and
SafetySocialParticipation

Cognitive
Rehabilitation

Chronic Disease
Management

Wellness and
HealthPromotion

Dysphagia Care

Updates from the Top 2 Producers of
OTs in the Philippines

Updates from the Top 2 Producers of
OTs in the Philippines
University of the PhilippinesUPM’s Key Responses:
Manila/UPM, (College of Formulation ofAllied Medical Professions,occupation-based
Dept. of OT)-its curriculum
curriculum
identified five competencies
needed to meet local and Emphasis on
international expectations ofCommunity-Basedqualified health care workers:
Rehabilitation,
 Research-information process Formulation of Ethical practiceResearch Agenda
 Professional competence Plan for Blended Reflective practiceLearning
 Managing self, others and Plan for OT Graduate
service (local health need) The University of Santo Tomas/UST (College of

Rehabilitation Science, OT Dept.) – its academicplan (and curriculum) revolves around fourpillars: outcomes, occupation, evidence andinternationalization.
 UST’s Key response:-Offering of Master of Science in Occupational
Therapy-Aims to be locally responsive and globallycompetitive-Emphasis: Capacity-building of OT faculty

Program

Challenges of OT Practice

Future Directions

 Very low ratio of OT to the population: 0.3 per 10,000

Monitoring and implementation of Strategies of the Philippine
OT Community in relation to the target goal:increase the ratio of occupational therapist per 10,000
Filipinos to 0.40-0.50 by the year 2025
 Continued Offering of continuing professional development andcertification courses
 Developmental monitoring and enhancement of the current OT
schools (with emphasis on faculty development program andCBR) Implementation of Outcome-Based Education Curriculum by2016 Formulation of Program Standards and Guidelines for OT
Graduate Education Unmet high demands on Pediatric OT Practice in therural areas; proliferation of “pseudo-OTs” or practiceof unlicensed professionals
 Lack of OTs in hospital-based facilities due to poor
compensation
 Lack of OTs in other practice areas such as geriatrics ,mental health, education, and CBR Sustainability of disaster response efforts
 Inadequate faculty development plan/program Lack of graduate programs and research on OT
practice29

Future Directions

Our
sincerest

Provision of Research Agenda for all OT schools related to OT
Practice Consideration of the need to develop training program andeducation OT Assistants or OT Technicians Development of private out-patient facilities to promote adultmental health and geriatric practice

THANK YOU

30

Let’s work
towards
collaborative
andresponsive
Occupational
Therapypractice in
Asia!!!

Singapore Association of
Occupational Therapists

Perspectives on
Occupational Therapy in Singapore• Established with Singapore’s
Registrar of Society in 11 Jan 1975
• Includes Student Committee whoare invited to Council Meetings• Mission:
Shaping and advancing thequality and access ofoccupational therapy throughstandard-setting, advocacy,
education and research

Lim Hua Beng
WFOT Alternate Delegate
Past President

SAOT Organisation Chart
President

Representation

WFOT Delegates

Governmental• Allied Health Professions
Council– Council Member (President)– Qualifying Examination Panel

Promotion andDevelopment

Student Committee

EducationandResearch

Quality &Standards(includes P, VP and
VP Finance)

President
Vice President
Vice President Finance
3 WFOT Delegates
10 Council Members
President, Student
Committee• Committee of Allied Health
Development, MOH

Execs (3)(Part-time)– Member• Agency for Integrated Care

450 members(45%
membershiprate)
200 student
members(100%)– Advisor, Community BasedCare• Health Promotion Board– Partner, Falls Prevention

31

Education & Others• Nanyang Polytechnic
Curriculum Advisory Panel– Member• Singapore International
Foundation– Medan Special School
Project, Indonesia• Chairman, Bi-Annual
Occupational Therapy
Heads of Department
MeetingTotal Number ofOccupational Therapists

Growth ofOccupational Therapists
1200

1000

1000

Registration Type

Total Number

Full Registration

732

Conditional Registration

170

Restricted Registration

3
905

800

600

600

400

250
200
150
85
0

1
1950

5
1955

10
1960

10
1965

15
1970

20

17
1975

1980

30
1985

50
1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

(AHPC, 31 Dec 2014)

Projected Number ofOccupational Therapists from 2015

National Shortage of Therapists

3500• OT: 100 000 Population• 16 : 100 000 (2015)• 22 : 100 000 (2020)• Growth of at least 100
OT annually• Current annual intake ofSingapore’s one OT
school: 65

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

32

Achievement: Registration Act

Challenge: Registration Act• Allows Autonomy of Practice• Governance of Practice– Governance similar to Medicine, Dentistry– Growth of private practice– Conditional Supervised Practice• 1 Year to achieve competency for residents• 2 Years for foreign Occupational Therapists• Private Insurance funding– Occupational Therapists can release public funding& make referrals for public funded programmes– Complaints Committee and Disciplinary
Tribunals• Referral for public funded community sited day
rehabilitation programmes/ home rehabilitation• Release of funding for Mobility and Assistive Technology
Fund• Early Intervention Programme• EASE: Home Modification Funding• Availability of senior and experienced
occupational therapists to form the disciplinary
process

Achievement: Structured
Education Development

Achievement: Fair Remuneration• Phase 1 (Nanyang Polytechnic)• New Graduate Annual
Median Salary:– S$48 000– 1992 – 2015
• 3 year Diploma in OT + 1 year with overseas partner
university for Bachelors Degree (University of Sydney/
Trinity College Dublin)• USD 36 000• ¥ 4 400 000• Revised Career
Framework (Public):
Three Tracks– Clinical Specialty– Administrator– Education &Research• Phase 2 (Singapore Institute of Technology)– 2016• 4 year Bachelor of Science (Hons)(OT)• Phase 3– 20XX• Post-graduate education

33

Challenges for SAOT• MembershipThank You– Membership declined following implementationof Registration

Lim_Hua_Beng@nyp.edu.sg• Leadership & Mentoring• Specialist Registration• Promotion• Regional and International Collaboration

Florence_Cheong@ttsh.com.sg

34

３． The third Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries

35General Information of“The 3rd Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries”

Date： September 8, 2016 (Thu.)：10:30-16:30
Venue： Royton Sapporo
Address: Nishi 11-Chome, Kita 1 Jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0001, Japan
URL:http://www.daiwaresort.jp/en/royton/index.html/
Chair： Hiromi Fujii, Director, International Section of JAOT

Schedule
10:30

Opening remarks
Haruki Nakamura, The President of Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

11:00 30-minute presentations about the academic activities of occupational therapy in each country
South Korea

Vice President

Dr. Eun-Young Yoo

Taiwan(ROC)

WFOT delegate

Dr. Ling-hui Chang

12:00 Lunch
13:00

30-minute presentations about the academic activities of occupational therapy in each country
Hong Kong

Chairperson

Dr. Chan, Yan-chi SamuelPhilippines

Vice President

Dr. Anna Recto-Legaspi

Singapore

WFOT delegate

Mr. Hua Beng Lim

14:30 Afternoon Tea
15:00 Discussions
1) The strategies to promote academic exchanges among six countries.
2) How can we within the East Asia region overcome the language barriers to effectively promote a knowledge
sharing amongst OTs in these countries?

3) Educational and Fieldwork Collaboration among member countries4) The brainstorming regarding the next meeting.

16:30 Closing remarks
Hiromi Fujii, Director, International Section of JAOT

36

40000male

female1998

Academic activities of
JAOT

50000

2016.04.01
The number of Japanese OTMembers of JAOT

1996

60000

N = 79,959
N = 52,154

30000

The 3rd Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries：EMEAC
September 8, 2016 (Sapporo)

20000

10000

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1997

1995

0

The number of occupational therapist in Japan

7000

30000

Member Profile of JAOT in 2015

27404

5,878

6000

Affiliation of OT (n = 52,154)

25000

5,173

4,953

5000
20000

4000
3,456

15000

3000
10000

2000

6284

5433
5000

4076
2276

1725

1671

1000

1651
467

387

238

287

255

0

0
2012
(Miyazaki)

2013(Osaka)2014(WFOT Yokohama)

2015(Kobe)

2016(Sapporo)

The number of participants of JAOT Congress & Expo

37

70
2500
Oral

60

Poster

2000
50
1376
40

1500

30

915

1000
644

709

675

500

20

971

10

649
361

405

2012
(Miyazaki)

2013(Osaka)

423
0

0
2014
(WFOT Yokohama)

2015(Kobe)

2016(Sapporo)

Open lecture
Symposium
Keynote/SeminarWorkshop

The number of presentations

2013(Osaka)2014
WFOT(Yokohama)

Yen

2016
(Sapporo)

2016(Sapporo)

2

1

4
3
35

13
3
5

4
2
54

17
16
0

6
14
0

11,128,000

生活行為向上の支援における介護支援専門員と作業療法士との連携効果の検証事業
Verification of cooperation of occupational therapist and care support specialist

12,821,000

リハビリテーション専門職による福祉用具活用の効果的な導入・運用に関する実証研究事業
Study of the effective utilization of welfare equipment

15,168,000

リハ専門職による医療と介護の連携に向けた福祉用具の導入･運用に関する実証研究事業
A study of medical and nursing care cooperation and use of welfare equipment

12,749,000

医療から介護保険まで一貫した生活行為の自立支援に向けたリハビリテーションの効果と質に関する評価研究事業
Effect of rehabilitation for the improvement of daily life performance for the elderly

7,924,000

認知症初期集中支援チームにおける早期対応につながる作業療法士の役割の明示とサービス構築に向けた研究事業
A study of the role of occupational therapy in dementia initial intensive support team

13,000,000

介護保険の福祉用具サービスにおける専門職の関与と適切なケアマネジメントに関する調査研究事業
A study for the use of assistive devices and care management in long-term care insurance

9,099,000

初期認知症および軽度認知症障害の人とその家族に対する効果的な作業療法士の支援構築に向けた調査研究事業
Study on the effective occupational therapy for mild dementia people and their families

2015

13,298,000

介護保険における福祉用具サービスをシームレスに提供するために必要な方策に関する調査研究事業
Research for providing seamlessly welfare equipment services in long-term care insurance

2016

14,910,000

福祉用具・住宅改修における効果的なサービス提供に必要な方策等に関する調査研究事業
Study on the effective provision of assistive devices and home renovation

13,354,000

予防給付における通所リハビリテーション・訪問リハビリテーションのあり方に関する調査研究事業
Study on outpatient rehabilitation and visit rehabilitation

11,712,000

介護保険施設等における寝たきりゼロのためのリハビリテーションのあり方に関する調査研究事業
Research of rehabilitation to prevent bedridden in nursing healthcare facility

12,107,000

認知症のリハビリテーションを推進するための調査研究事業
Research for promote the rehabilitation of dementia

2014

38

Title of Project:

13,332,0002013

伝統を分かち，未来を創る
Sharing Traditions, Creating Futures

半世紀の実績と将来への展望 -日本の作業療法を拓く
Occupational therapy achievement in past half century and prospects
for the future: Leading new way for Japanese Occupational Therapy

2015(Kobe)

1

生活行為向上支援としての居宅療養管理指導事業あり方検討事業
Home care for the daily life performance improvement of the elderly

2012

地域に暮らす -生活を支える作業療法
Living in the community “Occupational Therapy to support life”

温故知新 -五十路を還り 将来を展ぶ
Learn a lesson from the past “Back to the past 50 years and prospect
for the future”

2014(WFOT Yokohama)

1

Research funding from the government

健康な生活を想像する作業療法の科学 -その技(わざ)と愛(こころ)を次世代へ
Creating a healthy life through science-based Occupational Therapy"Utilizing the skilled techniques with hearts and guiding the future
therapists

2015(Kobe)

2013(Osaka)1

The number of the congress program

Congress main theme
2012(Miyazaki)

2012(Miyazaki)

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy

80
Research paper

Others

Total

70

Vol.

Issue

Article

10

2014

9

2011

8

2010

7

2009

6

2007

Original Article
1. Takaki Kafuku, Hiromi Fujii, Yoko Kimura, Miyuki Fujikura, Emiko Fukuda: Functional Significance of Sit-to-stand by Hip Abduction with External
Rotation Angle
2. Eom Yoon-jeong, Yamane Hiroshi: The Present State of Fieldwork Education and the Problems of Psychiatric Occupational Therapy in South Korea
3. Kaori Yamaguchi, Minoru Hoshiyama: Behavioral and Physiological Observations During the Day: How Patients with Advanced Dementia Spend
Time in a Care Facility
Professional Trends in Asia
 Hiroyuki Hayashi, Jun Uchiya: A 3-year Follow-up Study on the Alternating Use of Static Splints after Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthroplasty in a
Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Original Article
1. Hirofumi Tanabe, Toru Nagao, Rumi Tanemura: Application of Constraint-induced Movement Therapy for People with Severe Chronic Plegic Hand
2. Yusuke Suzuki, Rumi Tanemura: Community-based Interventional Programmes for Family Caregivers of Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury
WFOT symposium Marilyn Pattison: The International Challenge for Occupational Therapy
Original Article
1. Siew Yim Loh, T. Packer, A. Passmore, C. H. Yip, F. L. Tan, M. Xavier: Psychological Distress of Women Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer:
Relationship with a Self Management Intervention Program
2. Yuji Nakamura, Yasuhito Sengoku, Sonomi Nakajima, Toshio Ohyanagi, Kosuke Sugama, Yositaka Horimoto, Nobutada Tachi: Study of Visual
Function Evaluation for People with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities Utilizing Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
3. Tsutomu Sasaki, Hisae Kitajima, Kunihiro Kanaya, Kosuke Sugama, Yasuhito Sengoku: A Preliminary Study on the Usability of Head Mount Display(HMD) for Evaluating Attentional Behavioral Disturbance
4. Kaede Morimoto, Kayano Yotsumoto, Takeshi Hashimoto: Association between Psychiatric Symptoms and Difficulty with Computer Operation in
Schizophrenia: Analysis Using a Questionnaire and a Computer Operation Skills Test
Original Article
1. Min Y. JUNG, Jung R. KIM, Eun Y. YOO, Hye S. JEON, Joshua H. YOU: Long-term Effects of a Group Community-based Constraint-induced Movement
Therapy on Motor Recovery and Activities of Daily Living in Community-dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Stroke: A Preliminary Study with 6month Follow-Up
2. Tomoko OHURA, Chika NISHIYAMA, Takeo NAKAYAMA: More Appropriate, Practical Outcome Measures in Clinical Trials for Rehabilitation: A
Survey of Medical Literature from 1996-2005
WFOT symposium in the 42nd JAOT, Building and rebuilding community through occupation
 Anne CARSWELL: Minimum Standards for the Education of Occupational Therapists: Building Occupational Therapy Communities in WFOT Member
Countries Kit SINCLAIR: International Agreement on Occupation
 Kit SINCLAIR: Global Community of Occupational Therapists
 E Sharon BRINTNELL, Buwana CAHYA, Tri Budi SANTOSO: Culture and Psychosocial Elements Impacting on Disaster Recovery: Response in Indonesia
Professional Trends in Asia
 Venthan J. MAILOO: The Ayurvedic Model of Human Occupation
Original Article
1. Misako HIGASHIJIMA: Effects of Swallowing Posture Maneuvers on Swallowing Functions
2. Kayoko TAKAHASHI: Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy: Analysis of Theory and Measurement in Occupational Therapy

60
50
40
30
20
10

1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014

0

The number of research papers that have been published inJapanese Occupational Therapy Research

1600
1400
1200

Physical disability

Mental healthChildrenElderlyThank you

1000
800
600
400
200
Please enjoy the 50th JAOT
Congress & Expo
And Sapporo JAPAN02006 20072008

2009 201020112012 2013

2014

2015

The number of registered cases reported to the academic
database of JAOT

39

Contents
Occupational Therapy
in South Korea

Eun-Young, Yoo. OT, Ph.D.
Vice president of KAOT

1. OT in Korea

2. OT Conference

3. Academic
Activities of KAOT

4. Official Journal& Research in OT

1Development of OT Education
Program in Korea

Establishment of OT Education Programin Korea

62 OT
programs

70
60

1st OT
School

1-Yearinternshipprogram62

50

3 or 4- year
program46

40

4-yearprogram

30
26

20

2016

10

1979
0

1965

1

9

1979

2000

2005

2010

2014

Number of Establishment
2

2

3

40

Passing Rate of National OT License Exam

OT Education Program in Korea

Yearexaminee

Successful
candidatePassing rate
(%)

34th

2007

844

595

70.5

35th

2008

995

650

68.1

36th

2009

1,109

901

81.2

37th

2010-1

1,199

1,008

84.1

38th

2010-2

1,299

1,055

81.2

39th

2011

1,370

1,141

83.3

40th

2012

1,568

953

60.8

41th

2013

2,028

1,532

75.5

42th

2014

1,992

1,332

66.9

43th

2015

2,092

1,807

86.4

10,771

8,147

75.8

Entry level OT programs
Classification

3-year program

4-year program

30

Number of school

32

1,701

Number of students

Total

62

1,245

2,946

Master & PhD OT programs
Classification

Master program

Number of
program

PhD program

15

7

Total

4

5

Number of OTs in Korea

Membership Rate of KAOT

Year
Year

1990

2000

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Number of
OTs

139

416

7,586

8,539

10,071

11,391

13,174

Classification(year)

Total number oflicentiates

Number of KAOT
members

Membership rate
(%)

2013

8,539

6,050

70.9

2014

10,071

8,675

86.2

2015

11,391

8,685

76.2

13,17414000
11,39112000
10,071

10000
7,586

8000

8,539

6000
4000
2000

139

416

1990

2000

0
2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

6

7

41

Age Distribution of KAOT Members

Workplace of KAOT Members

57.8%
2%

10%

Medical Institutions

37.8%
Community-based
Facilities

30%

58%
Faculty

3.6%
0.7%

20s

30s

40s

50s

Etc. ; School, public
institutions

0.03%

60s

8

9

History of OT Annual Conference
24th
2016.10.29
In Seoul

23th
2015.11.21

 OT Conference

2016

22th
21th

2014.10.25

2015

2013.11.09

1st
1993.11.27

2014
2013

1993

10

11

42

Educational Sessions in 2016 24th Conference

2016 24th Annual Conference

Time

Contents

09:00-09:30

Registration of Session 1

09:30-10:30

 Location: Seoul, Kimkumuseum

Welcome ceremony and Grand opening
1st lecture

2nd lecture

3rd lecture

4th lecture

Role of OT in
community based center

Sexual issue in PDD
adolescents

Sensory function in UE
etc.

New trend of electricaltherapyfor dysphasia<Session 1 >10:30-12:30

 Date: October 29, 2016
12:30-13:00

 Contact

Registration of Session 2
5th lecture- Homepage : www.ksot.kr<Session 2 >13:00-15:00- E-mail : ksotoffice@nate.com- Phone : (82)01-8311-9310

6th lecture

7th lecture

8th lecture

9th lecture

Occupational
based approach in
OT

Mental health and
OT

Application of
DSM-5 in children
with psychiatricdisorderOral presentation

Work injury andmusculoskeletal
disorder10th lecture

11th lecture

15:00-15:30<Session 3 >15:30-17:30

Registration of Session 3

Assistive
equipmentfor dementia

Occupational
profile for PDD

12th lecture

13th lecture

14th lecture

Robot rehabilitation

Movement
Assessment
Battery forChildren-2

Developmentof OT educational
program13

12Participants in Conference

2016 Annual Conference
Registration Fee
Member
50,000won/session

Student741

2015

Non member

Registration and Call for paper•

August 29, 2016 ~ October 7, 2016•

How to abstract submission : http://www.ksot.kr•

Poster Size : 1m x 2m•Contact : rebirth2@hanmail.net

1,563
822

70,000won/session

30,000won/session

Years

Individual

Posterpresentation
and
Expo

683

2014

723

510

2013

710

1,406

1,220

–> presentation of abstract
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

ClinicianStudent

Participants

14

15

43

Special Lecture & Presentation, 2013~2015

Specific Topics of Lecture, 2013~2015

Lecture & Poster presentation / 1 day
Dsphagia Rehabilitaion

Classification

2013

2014

2015

Number of
lectures

8

14

13

Number of
Poster and oralpresentations

36

49

57

8%

Community-Based OT

8%Sensory Integration

6%

Aged & Dementia
Assistive Technology

43%
6%
6%

Hand Therapy
Children-School OT
Neurological OT

6%
6%

Driving Rehabilitation

6%
6%

16

Ect. ; Cognitive rehabilitation,
vocational rehabilitation

172015 Conference

Expo in 2015 Conference

18

19

44

Expo in 2015 Conference Academic Activities & Societies
in KAOT

20

21

9 Branch Association of KAOT

12 Subcommittee Academic Societies

 Responsible for continue education with KAOT
- 8 credits/year for maintains of OT license & improvement of OT professional abilities

 Role : professional academic activities, research, & enhancing expertise

The Korean Society of Occupational Therapy

KAOT

Academic department of KAOT

Branch Association of KAOT

Subcommittee Academic Societies

Seoul Branch
Korean Academy of Sensory integration (2003)
Gyeonggi-Incheon BranchSociety of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and
Dementia (2007)

Korean Academy of Dysphasia Rehabilitation (2007)

The Korean Society of Assistive Technology (2009)

Chungcheong Branch

The Society of Hand Therapy (2009)

Korean Academy of Mental Health Occupational Therapy(2010)

Daegu-Kyungpook Branch

Korean Academy of Children School Occupational
Therapy (2011)

Korean Society of Cognitive Rehabilitation (2011)

Korean Community-based Occupational Therapy
Association (2011)

Korean Society for Neurological Occupational Therapy(2011)

Work Ability Association (2014)

The Korean Society of Driving Rehabilitation (2014)

Gangwon Branch

Pusan-Kyungnam Branch
Jeonnam Branch
Jeonbuk Branch
Jeju Branch

22

23

45

Academic Activities of KAOT Brand new occupational
therapists education program

Academic Activities of KAOT

Education program for politicalissues in KAOT
for occupational therapists

Parents education & discussion
programSupporting for Korean occupational
therapy student congress

24

25

The Journal of Korean Society ofOccupational Therapy

24th• Official Journal & Research

Publication

2016

1st

Publication

1993

26

27

46

The Journal of Korean Society ofOccupational Therapy

The Journal of Korean Society ofOccupational Therapy (JKSOT)
1

Language : Korean & English

2

Type of publication : Online & Offline

3

Frequency of publication : 4 times/year4

Homepage : http://www.ksotjournal.kr

5

accepted into the Korea Research Foundation citation index in 2005
: Reauthorization/every 3 years (~2017)29

28

Experimental Study Populations

Type of Article in JKSOT, 2011~2015
Descriptive Study

6%

Case study, descriptive review, qualitative, survey,
literature review, comparison and correlational

17%

18%

Experimental Study

45%
32%

Adult

RCT, two-group nonrandomized control trial, single
group nonrandomized control trial, single-subject
designChildren

14%

Evaluation Tool

68%

Development of evaluation, reliability & validity

Etc. ; Caregiver, OT
students

Review Article
Systemic review, meta-analysis

Descripitive Study
Experimental Study
Evaluation Tool
Review Article
30

31

47

Disease for Adults in Experimental Research

Disease for Children in Experimental Research

Stroke19%

Cerebral Palsy

Dementia

25%

3%

Psychiatric Disorder

3%

42%

61%

7%

Traumatic Brain Injury

Pervasive Developmental
DisorderIntellectual Disability

13%
Spinal Cord Injury

7%

Etc. ; Visual/speechdisorder20%

Ect. ;
Muscolpskeletal/intellerctual
disorder32

33

Type of OT Intervention

Type of Research Outcomes

Cognition-Perception
Intervention

19%

15%

U/E Function

Dysphagia Intervention
ADL

52%

12%

Electrotherapy

59%

20%

Cognitive Function

Therapeutic Activity

11%

Ect. ; Assistive
Rehabiltation, SI

6%Ect. ; Psychosocial
factor

6%

34

35

48

Thank you for your attention
splash@yonsei.ac.kr

49

OUTLINE
History of Occupational Therapy
Education in Taiwan
Introduction of OT curriculum Supportive and Professional Courses

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY EDUCATIONIN TAIWAN

Academic productivity
Ling-Hui Chang, OTR, Ph.D.
Taiwan Occupational Therapy
Association

HISTORY-the Establishment of

HISTORY-BEFORE FORMAL CURRICULUM

University Program & Technical College

Occupational therapy training program The first 4-year occupational
Chang Gungtherapy educational program in
University
Taiwan.
 A division of the Department of
National Cheng Kung
Physical Medicine andUniversity
Rehabilitation until 1992.
Kaohsiung Medical
National Taiwan University
University

in National Taiwan University Hospital
1975

Trainees: 7
Educator: An international visiting professor & a
graduate from National Taiwan University
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation& student finished training in 1966

Started in Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Trainees: 5
Educator: faculty from National Defense Medical Center& Department of Industrial Education, National Taiwan
Normal University
1966

1969
Trainees: 5
Educator: Huang, Yen-Ching, OT& two international consultantsfrom WHO

Asia University
Fu Jen Catholic University
I-Shou University

Chung Shan Medical
University

1966 1970
Training Programs

50

1988 1989 1990

1994 1998

2003 2004

Jen-Teh Junior College ofMedicine, Nursing and Management

2008

2016

Shu Zen College ofMedicine and Management

Yearly Enrollment of Bachelor’s Student& Junior College’s Student in OT

Establishment of Graduate Program& Doctoral Program
Established doctoral program

2009-20152007

National Taiwan Universityyear

2001-2008

1991-2001

Graduate program & doctoral program
National Cheng Kung University

1974-1991

0

100

200

300

400

500

2003

Established master program

2002

600

National Taiwan University
Chang Gung University

PeopleKaohsiung Medical University

doctoral program

master program

Enrollment per year(2016)

number of graduates(2008)

National Taiwan University

1047

National Chang Gung University

431

Kaohsiung Medical University

4

14

7

18

total

25

110

National Chang Gung University

3

N/A

3

N/A

6

N/A

National Taiwan University

total

SUPPORTIVE AND
PROFESSIONAL COURSES

Enrollment and the Number of Graduatesof Master’s Degree & Doctor Degree

51

FIRST GRADE REQUIRED SUBJECT

FOUR-YEAR CURRICULUM FRAMEWORKGeneral Biology

The First year: introduction to OT, basic sciences and liberal arts.

General Biology Lab

The second year: education in medical topics such as anatomy and physiology.

General Psychology

The third year : major professional courses.

Introduction to Occupational Therapy
Human development

The fourth year : Seminars on OT and 39-week clinical training.

Introduction to Frame of Reference in Occupation Therapy

Semester Ⅰ

Clinical Observation of Occupational Therapy

Semester Ⅱ

Sociology

Semester Ⅰ

SECOND GRADE REQUIRED SUBJECTTHIRD GRADE REQUIRED SUBJECT
Occupational Therapy for Psychosocial Dysfunction: PracticeOccupational Therapy for Developmental Dysfunction Lab

Physiology

Occupational Therapy for Developmental Dysfunction

Anatomy (Lecture and Lab)
Introduction to public health
Assessment in Occupational Therapy

Occupational Therapy for Psychosocial Dysfunction
Introduction to Surgery to Pathology

Semester Ⅱ

Internal Medicine
Rehabilitation Medicine
Vocational Rehabilitation
Occupational Therapy Fieldwork

Occupational Therapy for Physical Dysfunction

Assessment in Occupational Therapy: Practice

Prosthetics & Orthotics Lab
Introduction to Orthopedics

Community-based Practice of Occupational Therapy

Introduction to Psychiatry

Introduction to Neurology

Introduction to Evidence-based Occupational Therapy

Occupational Therapy Theory and Therapeutic Skills Lab
Semester Ⅰ

Semester Ⅱ

Introduction to Pediatrics
Prosthetics and Orthotics

Occupational Therapy Theory and Therapeutic Skills (I)Introduction to Pathology

Occupational activity analysis
Applied Kinesiology

Occupational Therapy for Physical Dysfunction Lab

Occupational Therapy Theory and Therapeutic Skills (II)Occupational Therapy Administration and Management
Human Occupational Rehabilitation and Accommodation
Human Occupational Rehabilitation and Accommodation :Practice52

Required: 130 (Required courses of general education: 32 credits)
Elective: 4
In Total: 134

FOURTH GRADE REQUIRED SUBJECT- CLINICAL PRACTICE
Occupational Therapy Seminar
Clinical Practice of Occupational Therapy in Physical Dysfunctions (I)First grade

Second grade

Third grade

Fourth grade

Clinical Practice of Occupational Therapy in Psychosocial Dysfunctions (I)Fall semester

Fall semester

Fall semester

Fall semester

Clinical Practice of Occupational Therapy in Psychosocial Dysfunctions (II)

6

12

14

17

Clinical Practice of Occupational Therapy in Development Dysfunctions (I)Clinical Practice of Occupational Therapy in Development Dysfunctions (II)spring semester

spring semester

spring semester

spring semester

8

11

16

15

Clinical Practice of Occupational Therapy in Physical Dysfunctions (II)REFERENCES
National Taiwan University website (http://ntuot.mc.ntu.edu.tw/main.php)

Chang Gung University website (http://dot.cgu.edu.tw/bin/home.php)
Kaohsiung Medical University website (http://ot.kmu.edu.tw/)
National Cheng Kung University website (http://ot.ncku.edu.tw/bin/home.php)

53

Thank you!
Q&A......

54

A Presentation on
Occupational Therapy Services &Academic Activities
in Hong Kong – An Update 2016

On Behalf of Hong Kong Occupational
Therapy Association,
I thank you forJapanese Association of Occupational
Therapists’kind invitation

Samuel Chan
Chairperson
HKOTA

HKOTA’s Academic Activities
Symposium Held in 201455

HKOTA’s Academic Activities
Accomplishment in 2015-2016
Keyword: Specialty Groups

Specialty Groups

Specialty Groups

1. Paediatric & Convalescent Service• Continue on the development of Fine Hand Motor Test which is to be
integrated with Handwriting Speed Test for School Students• Collaborate with HK Paediatric Foundation & The Boys’ & Girls’ Club
Association to organize HK Healthy Children Competition, introducing“ADL March”• Setting up of an independent Hong Kong Sensory Integration
Association, with a close linkage with HKOTA

56

2.

Cross-over of ‘Health Qigong cum Traditional Racial Sports Research Group’with ‘Work Rehabilitation & Occupational Health’•
Training workshop for Construction Site Workers 3rd Batch

3.

Montessori Methods for Dementia™ (MMD) / DementiAbility Methods: The
Montessori Way™ (DMMW)•
3 workshops held, trained almost 100 DMMW practitioners•
2nd batch of ‘trainers’ trained and would have more manpower to help intraining to cope with the increasing demand•
Well established collaboration with DementiAbility Enterprise Corporationin Canada•
Opinion on Dementia Policy & Service in HK

4.

New Special Interest Group in Housing set up and led by Sabrina (an OT
working in Housing sector) with sharing session organized, with close linkage
with Architect and Construction industries

Specialty Groups
2.

Cross-over of ‘Health Qigong cum Traditional Racial Sports Research Group’with ‘Work Rehabilitation & Occupational Health’•
Training workshop for Construction Site Workers 3rd Batch

3.

Montessori Methods for Dementia™ (MMD) / DementiAbility Methods: The
Montessori Way™ (DMMW)•
3 workshops held, trained almost 100 DMMW practitioners•
2nd batch of ‘trainers’ trained and would have more manpower to help intraining to cope with the increasing demand•
Well established collaboration with DementiAbility Enterprise Corporationin Canada•
Opinion on Dementia Policy & Service in HK

4.

HKOTA’s Educational Activities

Accomplishment in 2015-2016
Keyword: Education of Public

New Special Interest Group in Housing set up and led by Sabrina (an OT
working in Housing sector) with sharing session organized, with close linkage
with Architect and Construction industries57

World OT Day 世界職業治療日
 25th Oct, 2015
 深水埗興華街運動場
 編織燦爛人生Tuen
Mum

 Booths Elderly Mental Health Paediatrics
 Vocational Rehabilitation

Sha
Tin
Kwai
Tsing
SSP

Wan
Chai

中西區健康節Central-Western District Health Carnival2015 29-30th August, 2015
 香港士美菲路市體育館

58

Connection
1. Professional Body: HKTS & ACCP-HK Chapter, HKAA, HKPGA, HKOA,HKPA, HKEPSO, HKPDF, HKRAF, HKFMS, HKWHC, HKIOT, HKMDS
2. Policy or consultancy meetings: Elderly, Paediatric, Mental Health,
Manpower planning in Hong Kong
3. Public Bodies: HKHS, KMB, FSD, TD, RTHK, Construction Industry
Council, Occupational Health Council
4. Private Sector: HKFI, Private Hospital Groups
5. Social Service: HKCSS, HKJC for PD, HK Society for Children
Protection, Barrier Free Access (HK) Limited, New Life PsychiatricRehabilitation Association
6. Patients Group & Parent’s group
7. School & Education: District based School Alliance, HKEB

Establishment of theHong Kong College ofOccupational Therapists

BackgroundTerms of Reference of The Provisional
College This was discussed in 2008, 2010 AGM
 The survey in 2010 was in favor of setting up of OT College
 Re-activated again in 2014
 2 preliminary meetings for sharing of views
 Setting up Organization Committee for Provisional HK
College of OT in June 20151.

To establish a communication platform amongoccupational therapists with similar professional
aspirations so as to facilitate research and development indifferent specialty areas.
2. To promote professional development of occupational
therapy in different specialty areas by setting standards
and organizing advanced specialty training.
3. To facilitate the public’s access to information onregistered occupational therapy specialists.

59Specialty Areas
8 areas:1.child and adolescent service
2.mental health
3.elderly service
4.medical rehabilitation
5.musculoskeletal rehabilitation
6.work disability management
7.assistive technology
8.learning disability

Criteria
12.1

Application Process

Basic qualification requirements (mandatory)
a.
b.
c.
d.

12.2
a.
b.
c.

12.3

Post-graduation qualification (mandatory)

1. Annual call for fellow application
2. Valid for 5 years & need updated
information for continuation

Master / PhD / Doctor
Specialty-related qualification with certification
Evidence of continuous professional development

Fellowship application by a HKOTA member

Member of the HKOTA
Entry level OT training: BSc, MOT, or equivalent
Registered OT in Hong Kong
Five years’ experience in the specialty area

Research (mandatory)
a.
b.
c.

12.4

Investigator in research
Research published in peer reviewed journal / indexed journal
Oral presentation

Paper vetting and an interview by the Qualification
Vetting Panel of the specialty college applied forDevelopment (mandatory)
a.

12.5

Contribution to the development of the specialty service / active member of the specialty group / publications

Nomination to the Approval Panel of the Hong
Kong College of Occupational Therapists

Teaching, mentoring and consultation
a.

12.6

Teaching or mentoring occupational therapists / professional representation to other parties

Volunteer/ Advocacya.
b.

Approved

Journal reviewer / moderator in conference / organizing committee member of conferences, etc.
Volunteer in promoting the OT specialty

Occupational Therapy
Fellow in the specialty

60

Not
Approved

Occupational Therapy
Fellow Candidate in thespecialty

Road Map
Milestone

Timeline

Organization Committee for Provisional HK College of
OT

June 2015

Preliminary Framework for Consultation

July 2015

Paper on formation of HK College of OT

August 2016

Members consultation

August to
September 2016

Invitation of Founder Fellows & Establishment ofSpecialty Colleges & Provisional OT College

Before December
2016

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy(HKJOT)

Invitation of Fellow Application from HKOTA members January 2017
Vetting of Qualification and Interview

Before June 2017

Confer for 1st Batch of Fellows & Official Establishmentof HK College of OT

July 2017 (Next
AGM)

Quotable Qualification Application to HK OT Board

July 2017 onwards

HKJOT – Downloads from the worldin Aug 2016

http://www.journals.elsevier.com/
hong-kong-journal-of-occupational-therapy

61

Authors from Japan ranked no. 3

Impact Factor in SCI

5-year Impact Factor

Source-Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) in
preceding 3 years

62

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)

First online publication time - 8.3 weeks

Hong Kong’s OT Education
 The first formal OT program (in higher diploma
level) was launched in 1978 by the Hong Kong
Polytechnics
 The first Master OT program was launched by
the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 1996
 The first Master Entry OT program waslaunched also by the Hong Kong Polytechnic
University in 2012, second batch in 2014 andthe third batch will commence in January, 2017

OT Education in
Hong Kong

63

Hong Kong’s OT Education

Hong Kong’s OT Education

 Today, for the past many consecutive years, the entry
academic performance of the students admitted to
HKPU’s OT program has been ranked the 2nd highest
among all students applying for entry to HKPU These newly admitted students (high school leavers) inaverage have attained 29 points in writing HKDSE (HongKong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination
 In comparison, students admitted to Faculty of Medicine
of either Hong Kong University or Chinese University ofHong Kong in average attained 32 DSE points

 The second Bachelor Degree (Hons.) in OT
program was launched by the Tung Wah
College in 2013
 Hence, there exist 2 OT schools operating
undergraduate programs in Hong Kong now This second undergraduate OT program wasvery lately approved by WFOT (in March
2016)

Hong Kong’s OT Education

Hong Kong’s OT Education

The entry academic performance of thestudents admitted to TWC’s OT
program has been ranked the 1sthighest among all students applying forentry to TWC
These students in average haveattained 20 DSE points

The third undergraduate OT program
will soon be launched in Fall 2017 by
the Open University of Hong Kong incollaboration with University Salford
Manchester, UK (in which the OT
program had already been approved
by WFOT)64

CHALLENGES AHEAD
 1. OT as a title (i.e., the name) is difficult for the public
to comprehend or to understand because It is a‘philosophy’ based title, unlike other professions’ titles
which carry direct meaning in their names (such as
Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy, Music Therapy,
etc.)

Foreseeable Challenges
Faced by the OT Sectorin Hong Kong

 As a result, HKOTA today is still making more effort to publicize andpromote OT to the public Otherwise, end-users of OT (both referrers and direct customers) will
be limited and high-calibre high school students will not be attracted
to select OT program

CHALLENGES AHEAD

CHALLENGES AHEAD

 2. Students with higher entry qualifications may notnecessarily be competent OTs
 3. Also, there exists a trend of far more female thanmale students being admitted to OT programs; we needmore balanced number of male and female OTs in theclinical field (currently the ratio is 3:7)
 4. Shortage of teaching manpower in the OT sector

 5. In recent years, because OT manpower supply could not meet
service demand for OT, we saw from time to time some OTs
working in NGOs, conventionally headed by social workers,
experienced pressure from their bosses asking them to teach OT
skills to non-OT disciplines
 6. On the other hand, on the contrary we also saw some OTs
hosting workshops/courses/programs to teach non-OT people OT
skills To address above controversy, HKOTA is taking action to draft a
guiding manual to advise OT clinicians what skills they areencouraged to share with other disciplines and what skills they should
not share out As a supplementary measure, HKOTA has been actively organizing
wide variety of practical clinical skills induction courses or workshops
for members to help uplift on-field clinicians’ competence

65

END

66

WFOT 2014
Yokohama, Japan67

POPULATIONJAPANMedian Age: 46.9 years

PHILIPPINESMedian Age: 24.4 years

68Challenges to the Growthof the OT Profession

Membership (2008 – 2015)
286

286

301

• lack of awareness• attrition• 100 - 120 new OT
professionals per year

224
200

• 3000+ registered andlicensed OTs

192• underemployment• lack of diversity• 250-350 renewal rate ofmembership per year

139
98

• distribution• current ratio of OT
professional to the
population is
0.3 per 10,000 Filipinos

Practice Setting
University

13%
SchoolHospital

18%

Areas of Practice
Academe

Home
Health

13%

6%

10%
Adolescence18%
Pediatrics

56%

PrivateClinic

CBR
6%
DRRR
1%

53%

Geriatrics

6%69

Regions of Practice
VisayasMindanao

5%

2%

Luzon
42%
NCR
(Manila)51%

2013

Annual Convention 2013

AnnualConvention 201370

Annual Convention 2013

Annual Convention 2013

Free Lecture
Series 2013

Continuing
Education 201371

Continuing
Education 2013
Continuing
Education2012 - 2013

Annual Convention 2014
• Paving the Way for
ASEAN Integration• The Philippine OT
Disaster Preparedness
and Response Plan

2014

• Outcome – Based
Education andCurriculum

72Annual Convention 2014
• Background of Normal
Development as a means
to Bridge the Gaps in
Cerebral Palsy
Management• Taxation for Self –Employed Professionals

Free Lecture
Series 2014

• Sensory Integration:
Separating the Theory
from Myth and Urban
Legends

Free Lecture
Series 2014

Continuing
Education 2014

73

2015

Continuing
Education 2014

THE GOLDEN YEAR OFOTAP / PAOT74

Midyear Assembly 2015

AnnualConvention 2015

AnnualConvention 2015

AnnualConvention 201575

AnnualConvention 2015

AnnualConvention 20152016
• APOTC 2019
• Theme• BAYANIHAN:
Together, Moving
Forward with the
WorldFree Lecture
Series 2015
*Bayanihan: the spirit of communal unity,
work and cooperation to achieve aparticular goal76

Mid – Year Assembly 2016
• Management of Injurious
Behaviors Arising in
Puberty• Perspectives in Behavior
Management

Continuing
Education 2016

• The Occupational
Therapist as a Job CoachContinuing Education 2016

Initiatives 2016

• Dynamic andPostural Reflex
Integration Course• shifting of OT curriculum to
Outcome – Based
Education (OBE)• Upper Limb andManual Skills
Integration Course• Implementing Rules andRegulations (IRR) for OT
Technicians / OT Assistants• for full implementation by2018• accreditation• certification

77

OT Professional
Roadmap Goal by 2025
• Our current unifying
measurable goal is
to increase theratio ofoccupational
therapist per 10,000
Filipinos from thepresent 0.30 to 0.50
by the year 2025

78

Vice-President(Finance)

WFOT
Delegates

Lim Hua Beng
WFOT Delegate
On Behalf of The
Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

President

Vice President

Promotion &Development

Vice-President

Lim Chun Yi

President

Vice President(Finance)

Education &Research

Quality &Standards• President• Vice President• Vice President (Finance)• 3 WFOT Delegates• 10 Council Members• 3 Committees

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists• Change in Occupational
Classification• From Category 3 Associate
Professionals/ Technicians• To Category 2 Professionals

SAOT Student Committee 2016

National Occupational
Therapy Conference 2016
Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

79

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists(Singapore Standards Occupational Classification, 2015)• Professional Registration of
Occupational Therapists
commenced on 1 April 2013
• Two yearly renewal for practicing
certificate• Currency of Practice• Continuing Education• Creation of complaints committee
to address public complaints• Launch of on-line application• Launch of public search for OTs

Age%

Gender%Nationality%

Settings%

20 - 29

46.3

Male

18.9

Singapore/ Resident

77.5 Acute Hospitals

44.6

30 – 39

39.6

Female81.1

Non-citizen

22.5 Community Hospitals

11.6

40 – 49

11.4

Community Agencies

21.3

50 – 59

2

Private Practices

13.9

60 and above

0.7

1.7

Registration website allows public to search for occupational
therapists by region, location or nameRegistration Type%OT Qualifications%

Academic Institution

Full

83.4

Singapore

56

Government/ Agencies 2.8

Conditional

15.5

Australia

11.3 Unemployed

Restricted

1.1

India

8.5

Others

24.2

967 Registered Occupational Therapists in Singapore (31 December 2015)
7% annual growth – Highest growth in community sector

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists• September 2016
• First intake in Singapore’s newest
public university• 4 years Bachelors degree• Curriculum designed in Singapore
based on 24 years collaborative
experience• Occupation Centric Curriculum• Occupational Justice• Global Health• Team Based Learning• MOU signed with HPB to be
Falls Prevention Ambassador• Public education programme

Nanyang Polytechnic OT students with SIT new students together:
Organised by SAOT Student Committee to welcome new students

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

80

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

4.1

• Government provides SGD $150 / day of clinical fieldwork education
to fieldwork centre for each student• Students are provided SGD $20 / day of clinical fieldwork to assist in
cost of travel/ food• All clinical fieldwork centres charge for clinical/fieldwork
placements• PECT Fund provided to educational institutions to disburse• For overseas students on placements, charge will be levied• Educational principles will disburse fund based on reciprocal arrangement

12th Malaysia Singapore OT Meeting & Symposium
1st ASEAN OT Conference, 2015
Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists• Increasing membership beyond the 50% of registered OT• Finding volunteers to represent SAOT at various platforms• Leadership renewal• Organisation versus Association• Leadership of Special Interest Groups• Qualification framework to match Career Framework• No international consistency in post-graduate courses• Developing expertise in supervision and mentoring• Students• Conditional Registrants• Senior Therapists• Leaders

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

81

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

4. The fourth Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries

82General Information of“The 4th Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countries”

Date： September 21, 2017 (Thu.)：10:30-16:30
Venue： G402, G Block, Tokyo International Forum
Address: Marunouchi 3-Chome 5-1, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0005, Japan
URL: https://www.t-i-forum.co.jp/
Chair：Director, International Section of JAOT

Schedule
10:30

Opening remarks
Haruki Nakamura, The President of Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

11:00 30-minute presentations in terms of professional OT education from entry level to continuing
education in each country, including the fieldwork or Clinical training of OT students
South Korea

Director of Public Relations

Ms. Seokyeon Ji

Taiwan (ROC)

WFOT delegate

Dr. Ling-hui Chang

Hong Kong

President

Dr. Samuel Chan Yan-chi

Philippines

Vice President

Ms. Anna Recto-Legaspi

Singapore

WFOT delegate 2nd alternate

Dr. Lim Hua Beng

12:00 Lunch
13:00

14:30 Afternoon Tea
15:00 Discussions
1) Direction for future Exchange Meeting with East Asian Countriesi) Continue the meeting or notii) If continue: When continue, how, Budget, Frequency, Management, etc.
iii) Or modify the meeting style, for example: JAOT would like to propose offering the “free”
exhibition booth to the group OT associations during the JAOT annual Congresses and Expo. In andout of the booth and/or use the booth as a platform, we may be able to discuss any topic or concerns.
It could start form 2018.
2) Report on the Exchange Meetings with East Asian Countries

16:30 Closing remarks
International Section of JAOT

83

Change of Occupational Therapist Education

Education activities of
JAOT

90000

200
有資格者数
The Number of Japanese OT

80000

協会会員数
Member of JAOT

180

養成校数
The Number of School
160
70000

The 4th Exchange Meeting With East Asian Countries : EMEAC

60000

September 21, 2017 (Tokyo)
50000

The entrance capacity N=87,598 (2017年)
School：(2017,5,1)
University N=77 (42％) Junior college N=5 (2％)
School N=106 (56％) Total N=188
Course4 year system N=131 (65%)

140

120

(University 77・School N=54 )
40000

100

3 year system N=70 (35%)(Junior college N=5・School N=65 )80

Total N=201
30000

2015 Vocational practice special course Newly-established2019 Professional university expected to establish

60

20000

Junior college
10000

Daisuke JINNAI, Executive Director
Education Department Manager
The Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

University

Master C

School200Change of JAOT membership0

Age-distribution of JAOT membership(White Paper 2015)(White Paper 2015)

60000

The Number of Japanese OT: N=84,947(2017,5,1)
Member of JAOT:N=56,802(2017,5,1)

2015 : 52,000

50～59 years
3.9%

50000

60 years ～0.7%

20～29 years
42.0%

40～49 years
14.4%

2010 : 42,000
40000

× 13
× 10

30000

40

Dr C

N＝ 52,039

20000

2000 : 13,000
10000

×3

30～39 years
39.0%

1990 : 4,000
084Change of the national OT examination acceptance rate
8000

Topic of Occupational therapist education

100%

91.6%
The numberof successful
candidates
7000

85.8%

The numberofexaminees
6000

86.6%

81.0% 82.2%
73.6%

87.6% 90%

Pass rate

79.7%

77.5%

77.3%

The quality guarantee of the occupational therapists education○ Revise of PTOT educational designation regulation
・ Supply and demand planning for Occupational therapist
・ The Obligationization of a third party evaluation
The quality guarantee of the clinical fieldwork education〇 Question and answer of a PTOT clinical fieldwork problem in the Diet
・ Consideration of a clinical fieldwork guideline and sharing test
The role of being purchased
・JAPAN VISION HEALTH CARE 2035 The quality from the amount・Comprehensive community care system
Corresponding to a difficult case , Management skills ,Multi-disciplinary collaboration , Home health care ,Dementia
The complication tendency of the education course

80%

71.1%
70%

5000
60%

4000

50%

6675
3000

2000

5783
4571
4185

5131
4400

6469

5405

5824

5821

5317

5474
5324
4740
4125
4079

5279

4257

4637

4138

6102
5344

40%

30%

20%
1000

・ Setting of new type of course and school
Vocational practice course, Professional university

10%

0

2006
The 41st
平成18年
time
第41回

2007
The 42st
平成19年
time
第42回

2008
The 43st
平成20年
time
第43回

2009
The 44st
平成21年
time
第44回

2010
The 45st
平成22年
time
第45回

2011
The 46st
平成23年
time
第46回

The numberof
受験者数
examinees

2012
The 47st
平成24年
time
第47回

The numberof successful
合格者数
candidates

2013
The 48st
平成25年
time
第48回

2014
The 49st
平成26年
time
第49回

2015
The 50st
平成27年
time
第50回

2016
平成28年
The
51st
第51回
time

0%

Pass rate
合格率

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

Occupational therapist education school
designation regulation Amendment proposal
Term of study

The present

Amendment proposal

More than 3 years

More than 3 years

Curriculum

Outline of designation regulations of OT in Japan1967

L e c tu r ePractice
F ie l d wo r k
To ta l1 ,5 3 0 h
90 h
1 ,6 8 0 h
3 ,3 0 0 h

LecturePra ctice
F ie l d wo r k
To ta l1989

LecturePra ctice
F ie l d wo r k
To ta l1,440 h
1 ,080 h
1 ,0 8 0 h
2 ,7 0 0 h

Lecture1,425 hPractice
585 h
Fieldwork
810 helective subjects
200 h
Total
3,020 h1999

Lecture1,425 hPractice
585 h
Fieldwork
810 helective subjects
200 h
Total
3,020 hEstablishment of Occupational Therapy management science

Clinical Fieldwork

18units

22units

Total number of units

93units

101units

The number of teachers

6 people

6 people

Teacher qualification
More than 5 years More than 5 years ＋Designation training

1,440 h
1 ,080 h
1 ,0 8 0 h
2 ,7 0 0 h

Clinical fieldwork leader
More than 3 years More than 5 years ＋Designation training
Third person evaluation―
OthersEvery 7 years Publication of a result

Term of study: Studied in conjunction with other professions
Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

85

LectureFieldwork

75 credits
18 credits

Total

93 credits

The post-qualification education system consists of three parts,
basic training, JAOT ‘authorized’ certification and JAOT
specialist certification.

The post-qualification education system
Background

Authorized
OT

Registration of case studies - 3

Obligatory
training

MemberContinuing Education
Registration

Selective training(portfolio)• I will discuss the progress of this system over the
past ten years and its current state

5

Basic
JOAT Authorized Cert
JOAT Specialist Cert
10

15

What is Basic training ?…
・Learning fundamental and common value in OT・Learning basis of clinical practices
・Understanding significance and direction of continuous education
・Understanding theory and state of art of practices in several areas
There are two obligatory trainings, selective training (portfolio).

What is Authorized Occupational Therapist?...
An authorized occupational therapist has achieved competencies forcertification set by JAOT.
These competencies are focused on clinical practice, field work
education, clinical research and management.

Completed basic training（2003~2013）: 7,300 members

Requirements for Certification

1144

1200
1000

709

（Education, Research, Management）

620

581
400

1. Undertaking compulsory training in 3 areas

780

737

800
467

496

506

443

498

2. Undertaking elective training in 2 areas（Physical Dysfunction, Psychiatric, Development, Elder, etc）

300

3. Registration of 3 OT case studies

200
0

Year

JAOT Authorized OT Certification

Basic training system

600

Update• This aims to promote ongoing education to improve
the level of care in occupational therapy.

Authorized
OT

UpdateCompulsory - 3
Elective - 2

Specialized
OT

UpdateCertification Programs

Certification• The post-qualification education system wasestablished in 2003 by the Japanese Association of
Occupational Therapists （JAOT）.

Specialized
OT

UpdateCertification

Competency acquisition in each respective field
Training program, clinical practice, research, education

0

0

86

JAOT specialist certification

JAOT ‘Authorized’ Certification•

Increases by 100 members annually•

The current total is 906 members （2017）
Initial- 580
Update - 326

What is Specialized Occupational Therapist?...
A specialized occupational therapist has achieved competencies set
by JAOT demonstrating specialized OT skills in a clinical setting.

120

102

99
100

81
80

87

Requirements for Specialized Certification

65

60

43

40

22
20

0

2

1. Authorized occupational therapist
2. Demonstration of four competencies in a specialized field

44（i.e., training practices, clinical practices, research practices, practices of
education and contribution）

29

6

3.

Formal examination in each specialized fields

0

The JAOT Post-qualification Education System from 2003 to 2013

JAOT specialist certification
96 members certified across seven fields of specialization.
Specialized fields
Field

Start

Dementia

2009

OT for patient with dementia

Hand Surgery

2009

OT for hand function post-surgery

Assistive Technology

2009

OT practices with assistive technology

Special Need Education

2010

OT practices in special needs education setting

Higher Brain Function

2010

OT for patient with higher brain dysfunction

Acute Psychiatry

2011

OT practices in acute psychiatry

Dysphagia

2012

OT for disabilities associated eating function

Visiting OT2015

OT at Home setting and CBRCancer2016

OT for patient with cancer

2003
2008
2013

General outline

Establishment of the post-qualification education system in JAOT
General reform undertaken (basic training system, etc.)
2nd General reform undertaken▼ Establishment of ‘certification’ framework
2004 ~ Authorized occupational therapist certification2009 ~ Specialized occupational therapist certification2013 ~ Formal examinations added for certification
Certification and accreditation systems are a must to ensure quality care. The
JOAT continuous education system was established 10 years ago in order toimprove the quality of occupational therapy and to promote the development oftherapists.
Qualification frameworks are essential in gaining the trust of the public.

87

Conclusion• Ongoing reform of certifications is essential

Thank you for your attention !
• Future tasks for JAOT ongoing education include:
1. Increase
Authorized Occupational Therapist certificate members
2. Increase
Specialized Occupational Therapist certificate members
3. Expandspecialized Occupational Therapist’s field
4. Promote increased awarenessDepartment of Education,
The Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

88

Contents
Occupational Therapy
in South Korea
1. OT in Korea

2. OT Conference

3. Academic
Activities of KAOT

4. Official Journal& Research in OT

Korean Association of Occupational Therapists

1

Development of OT Education
Program in Korea

Establishment of OT Education Programin Korea

62 OT
programs

70
60

1st OT
School

1-Yearinternshipprogram

62

62

2014

2017

50

3 or 4- year
program46

40

4-yearprogram30
26

20

2016-2017

10

1979
0

1965

1

9

1979

2000

2005

2010

Number of Establishment
2

3

89

Passing Rate of National OT License Exam

OT Education Program in Korea

Yearexaminee

Successful
candidatePassing rate
(%)

34th

2007

844

595

70.5

35th

2008

995

650

68.1

36th

2009

1,109

901

81.2

37th

2010-1

1,199

1,008

84.1

38th

2010-2

1,299

1,055

81.2

39th

2011

1,370

1,141

83.3

40th

2012

1,568

953

60.8

41st

2013

2,028

1,532

75.5

42nd

2014

1,992

1,332

66.9

43rd

2015

1.972

1,320

86.4

44th

2016

2,092

1,807

86.4

45th

2017

2,006

1,615

80.5

14,78977.08

Entry level OT programs
Classification

3-year program

Number of school
Number of students

4-year program

30

Total

32

1,701

62

1,245

2,946

Master & PhD OT programs
Classification

Master program

Number of
program

PhD program

17

7

Total

4

Number of OTs in Korea

5

Membership Rate of KAOT

Year
Year
Number of
OTs

1990 2000

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

139

7,586

8,539

10,071

11,391

13,174

14,789416

Classification(year)

Total number oflicentiates

Number of KAOT
members

Membership rate
(%)

2013

8,539

6,050

70.9

2014

10,071

8,675

86.2

2015

11,391

8,685

76.2

2016

14,789

8,976

60.7

16000
13,17414000

14,78911,39112000

10,071

10000
7,586

8000

8,539

6000
4000
2000

139

416

1990

2000

0
2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

6

7

90

Age Distribution of KAOT Members

Workplace of KAOT Members

57.8%
2%

10%

Medical Institutions

37.8%
Community-based
Facilities

30%

58%
Faculty

3.6%
0.7%

20s

30s

40s

50s

Etc. ; School, public
institutions

0.03%

60s

8

9

History of OT Annual Conference

25th
2017.10.21
In Seoul

24th
2016.10.29
In Seoul

23rd
2015.11.21

 OT Conference

2016

22nd
21st

2014.10.25

2015

2013.11.09

1st
1993.11.27

2014
2013

1993

10

11

91

Workshop & Educational Sessions
in 2016 24th Conference

2016 24th Annual Conference

Time

Contents

09:00-09:30

Registration of Session 1

09:30-10:30

 Location: Seoul, Kimku museum

Welcome ceremony and Grand opening
1st lecture

2nd lecture

3rd lecture

4th lecture

Role of OT in
community based center

Sexual issue in PDD
adolescents

Sensory function in UE
etc.

New trend of electricaltherapyfor dysphasia<Session 1 >10:30-12:30

 Date: October 29, 2016
12:30-13:00

 Contact

Registration of Session 2
5th lecture- Homepage : www.ksot.kr<Session 2 >13:00-15:00- E-mail : ksotoffice@nate.com- Phone : (82)10-8311-9310

6th lecture

7th lecture

8th lecture

9th lecture

Occupational
based approach in
OT

Mental health and
OT

Application of
DSM-5 in children
with psychiatricdisorderOral presentation

Work injury andmusculoskeletal
disorder10th lecture

11th lecture

15:00-15:30<Session 3 >15:30-17:30

Registration of Session 3

Assistive
equipmentfor dementia

Occupational
profile for PDD

12th lecture

13th lecture

14th lecture

Robot rehabilitation

Movement
Assessment
Battery forChildren-2

Developmentof OT educational
program13

12Participants in Conference

2016 Annual Conference
Registration Fee
Member
50,000won/session

Student741

2015

Non member

Registration and Call for paper•

August 29, 2016 ~ October 7, 2016•

How to abstract submission : http://www.ksot.kr•

Poster Size : 1m x 2m•Contact : rebirth2@hanmail.net

1,563
822

70,000won/session

30,000won/session

Years

Individual

Posterpresentation
and
Expo

683

2014

723

510

2013

710

1,406

1,220

–> presentation of abstract
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

ClinicianStudent

Participants

14

15

92

Special Lecture & Presentation, 2013~2015

Specific Topics of Lecture, 2013~2015

Lecture & Poster presentation / 1 day
Dsphagia Rehabilitaion

Classification

2013

2014

2015

Number of
lectures

8

14

13

Number of
Poster and oralpresentations

36

49

57

8%

Community-Based OT

8%Sensory Integration

6%

Aged & Dementia
Assistive Technology

43%
6%
6%

Hand Therapy
Children-School OT
Neurological OT

6%
6%

Driving Rehabilitation

6%
6%

16

Ect. ; Cognitive rehabilitation,
vocational rehabilitation172016 Conference

Expo in 2016 Conference

18

19

93

Expo in 2016 Conference Academic Activities & Societies
in KAOT

20

21

9 Branch Association of KAOT

12 Subcommittee Academic Societies

 Responsible for continue education with KAOT
- 8 credits/year for maintains of OT license & improvement of OT professional abilities

 Role : professional academic activities, research, & enhancing expertise

The Korean Society of Occupational Therapy

KAOT

Academic department of KAOT

Branch Association of KAOT

Subcommittee Academic Societies

Seoul Branch
Korean Academy of Sensory integration (2003)
Gyeonggi-Incheon BranchSociety of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and
Dementia (2007)

Korean Academy of Dysphasia Rehabilitation (2007)

The Korean Society of Assistive Technology (2009)

Chungcheong Branch

The Society of Hand Therapy (2009)

Korean Academy of Mental Health Occupational Therapy(2010)

Daegu-Kyungpook Branch

Korean Academy of Children School Occupational
Therapy (2011)

Korean Society of Cognitive Rehabilitation (2011)

Korean Community-based Occupational Therapy
Association (2011)

Korean Society for Neurological Occupational Therapy(2011)

Work Ability Association (2014)

The Korean Society of Driving Rehabilitation (2014)

Gangwon Branch

Pusan-Kyungnam Branch
Jeonnam Branch
Jeonbuk Branch
Jeju Branch

22

23

94

Academic Activities of KAOT

Academic Activities of KAOT

Education program for politicalissues in KAOT
for occupational therapists



The discussion for human rights based
occupational therapy practiceParents education & discussion
programSupporting for Korean occupational
therapy student congress

25

24

The Journal of Korean Society ofOccupational Therapy

24th• Official Journal & Research

Publication

2016

1st

Publication

1993

26

27

95

The Journal of Korean Society ofOccupational Therapy

The Journal of Korean Society ofOccupational Therapy (JKSOT)
1

Language : Korean & English

2

Type of publication : Online & Offline

3

Frequency of publication : 4 times/year4

Homepage : http://www.ksotjournal.kr

5

Accepted into the Korea Research Foundation Citation ndex in 2005
: Reauthorization/every 3 years (~2017)29

28

Experimental Study Populations

Type of Article in JKSOT, 2011~2015
Descriptive Study

6%

Case study, descriptive review, qualitative, survey,
literature review, comparison and correlational

17%

18%

Experimental Study

45%
32%

Adult

RCT, two-group nonrandomized control trial, single
group nonrandomized control trial, single-subject
designChildren

14%

Evaluation Tool

68%

Development of evaluation, reliability & validity

Etc. ; Caregiver, OT
students

Review Article
Systemic review, meta-analysis

Descripitive Study
Experimental Study
Evaluation Tool
Review Article
30

31

96

Disease for Adults in Experimental Research

Disease for Children in Experimental Research

Stroke19%

Cerebral Palsy

Dementia

25%

3%

Psychiatric Disorder

3%

42%

61%

7%

Traumatic Brain Injury

Pervasive Developmental
DisorderIntellectual Disability

13%
Spinal Cord Injury

7%

Etc. ; Visual/speechdisorder20%

Others. ;Muscolpskeletal/intellerctual
disorder32

33

Type of OT Intervention

Type of Research Outcomes

Cognition-Perception
Intervention

19%

15%

U/E Function

Dysphagia Intervention
ADL

52%

12%

Electrotherapy

59%

20%

Cognitive Function

Therapeutic Activity

11%

Etc. ; Assistive Tech, SI

6%Ect. ; Psychosocial
factor

6%

34

35

97

Thank you for your attention
kaotoffice@kaot.org

98

History of occupational therapy in Taiwan

Occupational Therapy
in Taiwan

1945-1949• Aides in hospitals to teach mental patients
about handicrafts activities.

1956• Occupational therapist from the International
Women’s League of Freedom and Peace (國際婦女會）, Mrs. Owens helped set up an
occupational therapy (作業治療）program in
department of psychiatry in Taiwan University
Hospital

Ling-Hui Chang, OTR, Ph.D.
President, Taiwan Occupational Therapy Association
East Asia Occupational Therapy Exchange Meeting
October 20, 2017 Tokyo, Japan Hosted by JAOT
1

2

History of occupational therapy in Taiwan
1966

History of occupational therapy in Taiwan
1970• Cheng-Hsin General Hospital recruited 5 members for one-year
OT (作業治療）training with the support from the faculty of
National Defense Medical Center & Department of Industrial
Education, National Taiwan Normal University

1967• Department of Rehabilitation in Taiwan University Hospital
started to provided OT (作業治療）service, with the support ofHuang, Yen-Ching OT and two OTs by WHO

1969• Cheng-Hsin General Hospital established a OT (作業治療）
program. Recruited 5 members for two-year OT (作業治療)
training

3• The first 4-year occupational therapy educational
program in Taiwan by College of Medicine,National Taiwan University,, establishedoccupational therapy as a division of the
Department of Physical Medicine andRehabilitation till 1992
• Name change: 作業治療 to 職能治療
（Occupational Therapy）

4

99

History of occupational therapy in Taiwan
R.O.C. occupational therapy Association (Now Taiwan
occupational therapy association) established

1997

Taiwan became a member organization of World
Federation of Occupational Therapists(WFOT)
Occupational Therapists Act

1998

Occupational therapist license examination

2001

The Union of Occupational Therapists, ROC

1986

2009-2015
2001-2008
year

1982

Yearly Enrollment of Bachelor’s Student& Junior College’s Student in OT

1991-2001
1974-1991
0

100

200

300
People5

Establishment of Graduate Program & Doctoral Program
master program

Enrollment in 2016

Doctoral program
2007

National Taiwan University

2003

Graduate program

600

number of graduates(2008)1047

National Chang Gung University

431

Kaohsiung Medical University

4

14

7

18

25

110

National Chang Gung University

3

N/A

National Taiwan University

3

N/A

total

6

N/A

doctoralprogramNational Cheng Kung University

500

National Taiwan University

total

Graduate program & doctoral program

400

Enrollment and the Number of Graduates of Master’s
Degree & Doctor Degree2002 National Taiwan University

Chang Gung University
Kaohsiung Medical University

100Opportunities and challenges

Professional License Demographics• one of the best quality OT education• According to the Roster of qualified occupational therapists publishedby Ministry of Health and Welfare and Ministry of Examination (from1998,09 to now)

• Addition of community-based level II fieldwork to senior year

• Challenges• PT moves towards 6-year university degree (2 DPT programs in
Taiwan)• More OT educational programs, college or graduate level?

Number of qualified members
Occupational therapist

5119

Occupational therapy assistant934(License examination had stopped since 2011)

Total

6053
•

9

Professional License Information

Occupational Therapy Manpower Estimates for Medical Institutions, prepared by Taiwan
Occupational Therapy Association & Union of Occupational Therapists, ROC (2016)10

License pass rates in past 10 years• Keep prudent check to monitor the acquisition of the license• The total Number of licensed members has grown steadily
5323

45%

5698 6053

6000

4000

3646 4151

35%

30.66 31.66

40.62
38.55
35.11

34.56
35.77

45.98

39.27 40.71
35.5

3248

30%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 201629.32
28.11 27.54
26.75 25.71
Pass Rate 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
/ yearPass rate of actual examinees • Occupational Therapy Manpower Estimates for Medical

3000
Number/ year40.02

40%4480 4724 4968
5000

44.12

44.58

31.48

25%

Institutions, prepared by Taiwan Occupational Therapy•

Occupational Therapy Manpower Estimates for Medical Institutions, prepared by Taiwan
Occupational Therapy Association & Union of Occupational Therapists, ROC (2016)

Pass rate of registered candidates Association & Union of Occupational Therapists, ROC (2016)

11

12

101

The total number of licensed occupational
therapists and of those registered to practice

Practice areas of Occupational Therapists
Data statistics up to Dec 31th, 2015

6000

Practice in hospital
Practice in clinic
Sum up

OT
1916
578
2496

OTA
135
82
217

OT practitioners

5000

2051
660
2711

4000
3000

6053?

2000

 OT working in non-medical settings do not need to register, such as day centers,
nursing homes, centers of assistive technologies, school, etc.
•

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Licensed occupational therapy practitioners

Occupational Therapy Manpower Estimates for Medical Institutions, prepared by Taiwan
Occupational Therapy Association & Union of Occupational Therapists, ROC (2016)13

Occupational therapy practitioners in practice•Occupational Therapy Manpower Estimatesfor Medical Institutions, prepared by Taiwan
Occupational Therapy Association & Unionof Occupational Therapists, ROC (2016)14

Occupational therapists related population statistics• Low reimbursement• Singular referral source (mostly physiatrist)• Limited opportunities for career advancement within occupational
therapy• Low requirement re: occupational therapy service for institutional
review (about 1 OT per 300 beds in general hospital, per 60-70 bedsin psychiatric hospitals)

The number of occupational therapists
per 10000 persons

1.1

The number of WFOT-approved schools

7

Population over the age of 60 in 2050 in Taiwan

15

43.6%

16

102

Looking forward....
Symposium

24• the “10-year long-term care 2.0” plan and active aging programs tocreate a senior-friendly environment

Oral presentation

123• increasing OTs willing to work in the communities;• Uncertainty re: evolution of policies and reimbursement regulations

Poster presentation

312

Taiwan-Japan OT
Joint Symposium

94

Participants

720• Changes in environmental demands• Promotion of Post-acute care• more OTs working outside of rehabilitation ward
• Still requires referrals by physiatrists (rehabilitation doctors)• Less emphasis on inpatient or residential psychiatric care
• Less reimbursement for OTs?

• Promotion of OT private practices• Mostly in pediatric areas

17

18

Taiwan-Japan Occupational Therapy Joint Symposium
Host

Taiwan Occupational Therapy Association (TOTA)
Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists (JAOT)

Themes“Occupation-Based Intervention”“The Application of Assistive Technology”

08:50-12:00, October 20th, 2017
Time
Chang Gung University(Taoyuan City, Taiwan)
Venue
Language English
19

20

103

2017 Taiwan-Japan Occupational Therapy Joint Symposium
Host: Taiwan Occupational Therapy Association (TOTA)
Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists (JAOT)
Time: 8:50-12:00, October 20th, 2017
Activities
Venue:TimeChang Gung University
08:20-08:50
Registration Open
08:50-09:00
09:00-12:00

Opening Remarks: Ling-Hui Chang (TOTA President)
Taiwan-Japan Joint Symposium
Theme:
Occupation-based intervention

SpeakerModerator

09:00-09:30

Development of Management Tool for Daily Life Performance

Pro. Ryuji Kobayashi

09:30-10:00

The Development and Effect of a Lifestyle Modification Program for Communitydwelling Taiwanese Older Adults

Pro.
Chang-Chih Robin Kuo

Pro.
Chien-Te Wu

Theme:
The application of assistive technology

SpeakerModerator

10:40-11:10

The Role of Occupational Therapy in Developing of Assistive Products (Care Robots)in Japan

Mr. Shinichi Watanabe

11:10-11:40

Recent Advances of Motor Imagery-based Brain-Computer Interfaces in
Neurorehabilitation and Mental Prosthesis

11:40-12:00

Panel Discussion: Mr. Shinichi Watanabe,
Pro. Yi-Hung Liu

10:00-10:20

Panel Discussion: Pro. Ryuji Kobayashi,
Pro. Chang-Chih Robin Kuo
Coffee break

10:20-10:40

Pro.
Yi-Hung Liu

Pro.
Chien-Te Wu

104

A Presentation on
Professional Occupational Therapy
Education in Hong Kong – An Update 2017

On Behalf of Hong Kong Occupational
Therapy Association,
I thank you forJapanese Association of Occupational
Therapists’kind invitation

Samuel Chan
Chairperson
HKOTA

Contents of this presentation:
 Formal OT Education in HK
 Continuing OT Education in HK
 Envisioned OT Specialty
Education in HK
 Soft Education for OTs

Formal OT Education in
Hong Kong105

HK’s Formal OT Education (cont’d)HK’s Formal OT Education (cont’d) The first formal OT program (in higher diploma level)
was launched in 1978 by the Hong Kong Polytechnics
 The first Master OT program was launched by theHong Kong Polytechnic University in 1996
 The first Master Entry OT program was launched also
by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2012,second batch in 2014 and the third batch in 2017;
M(entry)OT students must possess a first degree in ahealth related subject in order to be eligible forenrolment into this program This Master Entry OT program was entirely financiallysponsored by HK’s Social Welfare Department (SWD) The aim was to produce a class of 30 OTs (only 24 in2017 cohort) from time to time merely for NGOs
 Because NGOs are not able to remunerate OTs a
comparable salary package as what Hospital Authority
does, their recruitment were always not very successful M(entry)OT graduates’ tuition fees are totally coveredby SWD, but they need to commit themselves for 2
years (now 3 years) in servicing NGOs as a contractual
promise upon graduation

HK’s Formal OT Education (cont’d)HK’s Formal OT Education (cont’d)
 To have such a match, we are to equip these students withfollowing skills:

 As a result, such a M(entry)OT program is specially
tailor made for producing OT practitioners in a market
serving Community Clinical Settings, i.e., NGO settings
 Because NGO settings are widely diversified andspecialty (Paediatric, Psychiatric, Vocational
Rehabilitation, SCI, etc.) based; and because NGOs areheaded by social workers not always knowledgeable
about OT’s nature; and because commonly one Setting
will just employ one OT, matching M(entry)OT programcontents with the specific demands of NGOs for OT
clinicians is inevitably a big challenge All-round clinical knowledge about diseases and dysfunctions in any
particular field All-round clinical skills as well as specialized skills in a particular specialty
to carry out effective treatments
 Proactive marketing skills if he/she is to develop and expand his/her
profession in midst of non-OT heads
 Possession of a very clear, logical and rational mind to help patients
formulate their individualized manageable treatment plans Sensitive to all sorts of customers’ needs

 So, what sort of student therapists are we intending toshape?
 Indeed, a group of supermen and superwomen!

106

HK’s Formal OT Education (cont’d)HK’s Formal OT Education (cont’d) Hong Kong Occupational Therapists’ Board (OT
Board), the statutory professional registration
agency, granted TWC recently an approval to Its
OT program; hence the said graduates can belegitimately registered as Practising OTs in HongKong
 OT Board’s accreditation exercise on TWC’s OT
Program lasted for more than 4 years, wetherefore can see that Hong Kong government
imposed a stringent surveillance on the quality of
local professional training programs

 As mentioned in my previous sharings, the entry
academic performance of the students admitted to
HKPU’s OT program has consecutively been ranked the
2nd highest among all students applying for entry to HKPU
 This year some newly admitted students (high schoolleavers) even attained 34 to 36 points in writing HKDSE(Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education
Examination) which is deemed virtually an university
admission open examination in HK
 In comparison, students admitted to Faculty of Medicine
of either Hong Kong University or Chinese University ofHong Kong in average attained 32 DSE points

HK’s Formal OT Education (cont’d)HK’s Formal OT Education (cont’d)The entry academic performance of thestudents admitted to TWC’s OT
program has been ranked the 1sthighest among all students applying forentry to TWC
These students in average haveattained 25 to 26 DSE points

 One of my observations was that today we have been
seeing an increasing societal trend of attracting morehigh school leavers with higher calibre to study OT
 Because OT practices are widely diversified; students,
irrespective of having interest in physical field of
rehabilitation or in mental health, will find a place
within our profession to develop individuals’ interests
 This means that OT profession embraces practitioners
with heterogeneous talents
 While many other professions whose practitioners’
talents are sort of homogeneous, like Physiotherapists

107

Continuing OT Education (cont’d) On-field OT practitioners have all along been demanding HKOTA toorganize more clinical skill training courses for them because of theregression in clinical skills induction in the educational institutes (i.e., intheir school days) since apprenticeship mode of education in schools
has been foregone
 To HKOTA, it is a lucrative business helping us generateconsiderable income
 Several streams of continuing education are more attractive to
OTs in Hong Kong:

Continuing OT Educationin Hong Kong

 Paediatric topics, particularly those pertaining to Sensory Integration
 Traditional Chinese Qi Gong that can be integrated in OT’s
conventional practice, particularly Ba Duan Jin
 Alternative therapies

108

109

Envisioned OT Specialty
Education in Hong Kong

OT Specialty Education (cont’d)

OT Specialty Education

Setting up of OT College in Hong Kong
Background:

An envision:
Establishment of theHong Kong College ofOccupational Therapists

 This was discussed in 2008, 2010 AGM
 Concrete action plan formulated in 2014
 Setting up a Provisional HK College of OT in
June 2015
 Currently the College is subsumed under
HKOTA

110

OT Specialty Education (cont’d)
HK College of OTOT Specialty Education (cont’d)
HK College of OT

Eight Identified Specialty Areas:
1.child and adolescent service
2.mental health
3.elderly service
4.medical rehabilitation
5.musculoskeletal rehabilitation
6.work disability management
7.assistive technology
8.learning disability

OT Specialty Education (cont’d)
HK College of OT
Milestone

OT Specialty Education (cont’d) Fostering
Specialty Groups

Timeline

1. Paediatric & Convalescent Service• Continuation on the development of Fine Hand Motor Test which is to
be integrated with Handwriting Speed Test for School Students• Close collaboration with HK Paediatric Foundation & The Boys’ & Girls’
Club Association to organize HK Healthy Children Competition
annually, introducing “ADL March”• Setting up of an administratively independent Hong Kong Sensory
Integration Association, subsumed under governance of HKOTA

Organization Committee for Provisional HK College of OT June 2015
Preliminary Framework for Consultation

July 2015

Paper on formation of HK College of OT

August 2016

Members consultation

August to
September 2016

Invitation of Founder Fellows & Establishment ofSpecialty Colleges & Provisional OT College

Before December
2016

Invitation of Fellow Application from HKOTA members

January 2017

Vetting of Qualification and Interview

Before June 2017

Confer for 1st Batch of Fellows & Official Establishmentof HK College of OT

July 2017 (Next
AGM)

Quotable Qualification Application to HK OT Board

July 2017 onwards

111

OT Specialty Education (cont’d)
Fostering Specialty Groups
2.

Cross-over of ‘Health Qigong cum Traditional Racial Sports Research Group’ with ‘Work
Rehabilitation & Occupational Health’3.

Montessori Methods for Dementia™ (MMD) / DementiAbility Methods: The
Montessori Way™ (DMMW)• regular workshops held
• 2nd batch of ‘trainers’ trained and so HKOTA would have more manpower
to help in training to cope with the increasing demand, we have trained
almost 100 DMMW practitioners as of today• well established collaboration with DementiAbility Enterprise Corporationin Canada• the Specialty Group’s active participation in providing opinion on
Dementia Policy & Service in HK

4.

New Special Interest Group in Housing been set up and led by an OT Manager
working in Housing sector; frequent sharing sessions organized, with close
linkage with Architect and Construction industries

http://www.journals.elsevier.com/
hong-kong-journal-of-occupational-therapy/

Soft Education for OTs

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy(HKJOT)112

HKJOT – Downloads from the world in Aug 2016

1

USA

2

UK

3

Australia

4

Hong Kong

5

China

6

South Korea

7

Singapore

8

Canada9

Malaysia

10

Taiwan

11

Iran

12

Ireland13

Thailand

14

Japan

15

Spain

16

Belgium

17

India

18

Turkey19

Columbia

Authors from Japan ranked no. 2

Authors

113

1

Hong Kong

2

Japan

3

South Korea

4

Australia

5

Taiwan

6

Iran

7

UK

8

China

9

Singapore

10

South Africa

11

USA

12

Nigeria

13

Spain

14

Kuwait15

Israel16

SwedenFirst online publication time – 9.6 weeks

Journal Metrics
 CiteScore: 0.45
 CiteScore measures the average citations received
per document published in this title. CiteScore values
are based on citation counts in a given year (e.g.
2015) to documents published in three previous
calendar years (e.g. 2012 – 14), divided by the numberof documents in these three previous years (e.g. 2012– 14).
 Impact Factor: 0.250
 5-Year Impact Factor: 0.542
 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP): 0.234
 SCImago Journal Rank (SJR): 0.214

Final Online 9.6 weeks
First online

Key indicators

114

Good News: HKJOT has passed the Scientific Quality
Review by NLM for PubMed in Apr. 2017

Cited years

END

115

116

OT Professional
Roadmap Goal by 2025

ADVOCACY AND LINKAGES

117

Regions of Practice
VisayasMindanao5%2%

PAOT Chapters

Luzon
42%
NCR
(Manila)51%

Philippine Health
Insurance Corporation

Philippine Wheelchair
Service Providers• created in 1995 to
implement universal
health coverage• teaching andpromoting WHO
wheelchair service
training package• benefit package tosupport children withhearing, visual, mobility
impairment anddevelopment disability• identified
professionals involvedin wheelchair
provision• 30 sessions per year incontracted facilities

118

Department of Health• human resource
health study• health and wellness
program for persons
with disabilities• senior citizen national
program strategicplanning

Disaster Risk Reduction
and Response Committee

Disaster Risk Reduction
and Response Committee

119

Disaster Risk Reduction
and Response Committee

7th APOTCNOVEMBER 2020

Disaster Risk Reduction andResponse Committee• Theme• BAYANIHAN:
Together, Moving
Forward with theWorld*Bayanihan: the spirit of communal unity,
work and cooperation to achieve aparticular goal

120

Commission on Higher Education• part of thetechnical
committee that
formulated andwill be monitoring
implementation of
OBE

FACULTY DEVELOPMENT/CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

52nd Annual Convention• faculty summit
because of OBE• problem of OBE
implementation infieldwork sites
which are notnecessarily
academeRESEARCH

121

Research• research sub –committee• revival of PJOTPROFESSIONAL LEGISLATION

Philippine Occupational
Therapy Law• Philippine Physicaland Occupational
Therapy Law• Republic Act 5680
• 21 June 1969122

OT Technician• Education – 2 years of college (minimum of 60 units
completed) preferably from related field• Ratio – 1 OTRP : 4 OT Technicians• Basic Skills• Formal training and Assessment• Basic competency• Foundation skills• Supervision – direct, onsite and daily contact– OT with at least 2 years of experienceasan OTRP with OBCE training

DIVERSIFICATION OF PRACTICE

Areas of Practice

Certification Course• Dynamic andPostural Reflex
Integration Course

Academe13%

Adolescence18%• Upper Limb andManual Skills
Integration Course

Pediatrics

56%
CBR
6%
Geriatrics

DRRR
1%

6%

123

Job Coaching

Alternative Fieldwork

AcademeAcademe13%

13%

Adolescence

Adolescence

18%

18%

Pediatrics

Pediatrics

56%

56%

Geriatrics

6%

CBR
6%
DRRR
1%

CBR
6%
DRRR
Geriatrics
1%
6%

124

125

2015

Lim Hua Beng

Age%

20 - 2946.3

30 – 3939.6

40 – 49

11.4

50 – 59
> 60

2016

2015

2016

2015

2016

Nationality%

Settings

%

43.8

Male

18.9

17.5 Singapore/ Resident

77.5

78.2 Acute Hospitals

44.6

43.3

39.8

Female81.1

82.5 Non-citizen

22.5

21.8 Community Hospitals

11.6

13.3

13.0

Community Agencies

21.3

20.5

2

2.7

Private Practices

13.9

13.9

0.7

0.7

Academic Institution

1.7

1.4

On Behalf of The

RegistrationType%

OT Qualifications

Full

83.4

84.2 Singapore

56

57.6 Government/ Agencies

2.8

1.2

Conditional

15.5

15.7 Australia

11.3

11.2 Unemployed

4.1

6.4

Restricted

1.1

0.1

8.5

7.8

24.2

23.4

India
Others967 Registered Occupational Therapists on 31 December 2015
1067 Registered Occupational Therapists on 31 December 2016
Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

PT

2015

%

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

OT

2016

Gender

%10.3% annual growth
3% higher than 2015

Philippines: 72 (6.7%)
Taiwan: 24 (2.2%)
Hong Kong: 11 (1.0%)

Attrition: 13.9% of local graduatessince 1995

A comparison PT grew by 9.3%, a drop of 1.8%

• 3 – 4 November• Enabling Occupations Beyond
Borders

ST• OT in primary care and care integration2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016
HospitalCommunity
HospitalCommunity
Agencies

50.4

44.6

43.3

56.3

51.1

48.5

46.3

42.7

40.5

12.4

11.6

13.3

8.4

8.7

10

5.3

3

2.9

19.9

21.3

20.5

9.8

10

10.7

18.3

20.9

21.9

Private Practice

14.1

13.8

13.8

21

21.9

21.8

28.3

27.7

26.7

http://notc.com.sg/2017/

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

126

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists• Keynote: Occupational Therapy andPrimary Care: Expanding Boundaries
Dr. Catherine Donnelly, Canada• Plenary: Enabling Occupations
Beyond Borders: Occupational
Therapy and Coaching
Dr Fiona Graham, New ZealandGovernment Overseas Scholarship• By end of 2017, Occupational Therapists will be able to refer andrenew clients attendance at community based day rehabilitation
centresStarted in 1950s
Peaked in 1980s
prior to local
course• Release of government subvention

Continuing today
to add diversity• Collaboration with MOH on “direct subsidy referrals without
specialist referrals in public health care”• Formal education for therapy assistants will be launched in 2018
• Allied Health Professions Council will release guideline onsupervision and duties on therapy support staff

Nanyang Polytechnic DipOT + Overseas
Bachelors Degree Partnership
Overseas
Bachelors Degree
Started in 1992
Done Locally
3 Years DipOT + 1 Yearoverseas in partnerStarted in in 2013
university for Bachelors
3 Years DipOT + 1 Yeardegreeat Trinity College
Partnership with
Dublin, UoI Campus in
University of Sydney
Singapore
Collaboration extended 6 weeks in visiting
to other Australianprimary care facilities
Universities after 1997 in Dublin
Collaboration included
UK Universities after
2005
Last intake in 2015

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists• Up to 5 annual forundergraduate degree in OT in
selected universities inAustralia, UK and Ireland• As of 2016, 615 practicing
occupational therapists withlocal and culturally relevant
education with one year
overseas educational
experience• ５７．６% of Singaporean andPermanent Residents educatedin this scheme• Forms 57.6% of OT population• Last graduates in 2019

• 5 Year Government Bond

• Masters and PhD Scholarship in
selected universities inAustralia, Canada, Hong Kong,
UK, USA and Europe

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

127

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

4 Years Bachelors with Honours @Singapore Institute of Technology
First intake in 2016

Local Masters

4 year local degree
Proposedinterdisciplinary Elder
Care Masters in 2018
Exploration of
Graduate Entry
Masters• Singapore’s newest public university• 4 year full time Bachelor of Science in Occupational Therapy with
Honours degree• First intake of 60 students in 2016 with first graduates in 2020
• Remains Singapore’s only occupational therapy educational
programme superceding Nanyang Polytechnic’s Diploma in
Occupational Therapy + 1 year Bachelors programme• Second intake in September 2017 with 85 students• Third intake in September 2018 proposed to be 105 students

FOUR YEARS OT Curriculum

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Experiential
Project-based

Team-based
Learning
Pedagogy
in OT

Problem basedlearning

Simulation

Fourth Year

Advance practice and Leadership in OT

Honours thesis

Clinical practiceeducation

Third Year

Complexity in OT practice

Honours thesis

Clinical practiceeducation

Second Year

OT core domain – Assessment & Intervention

Research methods
and statistics

Clinical practiceeducation

First Year

Foundational sciences

Literature appraisal
skillsExperiential learningand observations

Foundational OT

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists• Uses team based learning besides
problem based learning• Vertical and horizontal integration of
curriculum every trimester• Regular visiting international adjunct• Community teachers• Simulated/Client Actors for OSCE
• Design thinking module• Applied technology module withengineering students• Critical appraisal of local andinternational health systems

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

128

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Ask a question at slido.com #3762

Total Duration: 30 weeks, 5 Sessions
Session

PeriodEst Date

Duration

Learning

1.

Y1 T3

Mid Jun2 Weeks

Introduction + Observation

2.

Y2 T3

Early Jul

7 Weeks3.

Y3 T2

Mid Feb

7 Weeks

Students will be assigned for the following
placements:

4.

Y3 T3

Early May

7 Weeks5.

Y4 T1

Early Sep

7 Weeks

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

• All supervisors undertake a one day course• Must pass the Objective Structured Practical Examination• Accredited to supervise• Pre-Employment Clinical Training (PECT) Funded

Acute Hospital
Step-down/Community Based
Psychosocial / Mental Health
Developmental Disability
Role Emerging 1 2International Placement 1 2• Increased from SGD$ 150 (USD 110) to SGD$ 207 (USD 150) per student perclinical training day• SGD$ 7245 (USD 5313) for a 7 week block placement

1 Students allowed to opt for this from Year 3 onwards.
2 Students can do a maximum of only one block from this category.
Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Trimester 1
Wk 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Trimester 2
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Aug

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

OT CE1OT2OT CE2OT3
OT4• Students assessed using Student Practice Evaluation Form – Revised(On-line)

Trimester 3
10

OT1

OT CE3A

OT CE3BOT CE4Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

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Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Academic Results

Medical Examination
Multiple Mini-Interviews

Trimester 1
Sep – Dec

Trimester 2
Jan – Apr

Occupational Therapy
Theory And Study Of
Occupation

Occupational Therapy Process
And Skills

Health System - Singapore's
Perspective• Ethical decision making 道德守则• Critical thinking 关键思维• General knowledge in healthcare services in Singapore 相关医疗知识• Level of co-curriculum activities involvement 课外活动Year 1• A-Levels: A good pass in two of the following H2 subjects: Biology,
Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics.
• Polytechnics: An approved diploma from a polytechnic in Singapore.
Exemption will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
• International Baccalaureate: A good pass in two of the following: HL
Mathematics, HL Chemistry, HL Biology and HL Physics.
• NUS High School Diploma: Major CAP of at least 2.5 in two of thefollowing: Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics.

Trimester 3
May – Aug作业治疗活动分析与训练Clinical Practice Education 1

Occupational Performance
Across Lifespan
生命周期的活动
Anatomy And Physiology 2

Anatomy And Physiology 1

解剖学与生理学2

Psychological And
Sociological Perspective For
Health Sciences

Research - Critical Appraisal
Of Literature

Break• Communication skills 表达能力• Suitability/passion for discipline 热诚Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

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129

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

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Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Toward Persons with Disabilities –MAS (Findler, Vilchinsky and Werner, 2007)
48

47

46
44

44
48

42

%

40
38

38
36

36

36

34

Mean

• Students has relatively low
negative attitudes during Pre
Test• Significant reduction in
negative attitudes towards
Persons with Disabilities in
Post test

DREEM Overall Scores

Students' Perceptionof Learning

Students'
Perception ofTeachers

Students' Academic
Self Perceptions

Students'
Perception of
Atmosphere

Students' Social
Perceptions

146.9825

35.6667

34.9825

22.3860

34.7719

19.1754

NYP First Year = 145.76

32
30
AffectCognition

Behaviour

Subscales
Pre

Post

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists• Transition• Graduate Entry Masters?

• Closing one course• Starting another• Comparisons• Renewing partnerships• Time of re-invention• Competencies nurtured through 4
year programme compressed into
2 years• Entry route for therapy
assistants?
• Masters in Occupational
Therapy?
• Local PhD?

• Rapid increase in student intake• Resource challenges• Students must reconcile curriculum
aspirations with reality• Expectations that graduates can support
and contribute to developing new
programmes• Encouraging graduates to enter
community based practice

OTs from Singapore’s Eastern Health Cluster
St Andrew’s Community Hospital + Changi General Hospital +Peacehaven Nursing HomeOTs from Jurong Community Hospitalat Community Screening Event for Dementia

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

130

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists• Funding• Refining Career Tracks• Increased in number of OT> 5 years experience• Mentoring leaders
grounded in practice andleading services• Leaders in Community
Practice• Speciality (? College of OT)• Promoting enterprise• Shared Narrative• Creating a community• Leadership & Mentoring• National Council of Social
Service• Intra-disciplinary (Within)• Inter-disciplinary (With Others)
Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

131

Singapore Association of Occupational Therapists

International section,
Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

132