The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

Feature Basic studies and application of plastic optical fibers

Research Highlights
 Stretchable electric pumps for next-generation soft robotics
 Inspecting dust on surfaces in product manufacturing: Effect of dirt on inspection surfaces on the accuracy ofvisual inspection
 Polymer-based optical fiber for visualization of stress

Topics Algorithms for enhancing security of IoT industrial control systems

News and Events
 Sakura Science Plan Visiting Students Pay a Courtesy Visit to Mr. Hagiuda Koichi, the Minister of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) during Their UEC Visit
 UEC holds The 1st ECTI - UEC Workshop and The 6th UEC Seminar in ASEAN, 2019
 UEC signs general agreement with National Taipei University
 3rd International Union of Radio Science, Japan Radio Science Meeting 2019(URSI) held at UEC Tokyo Irago Conference 2019 is held at UEC campus

The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

Basic studies and application of plastic optical fibers
Rei Furukawa
Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Science, The
University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo.
Rei Furukawa and her colleagues are conducting research on plastic
optical fibers. "We fabricate our own fibers, for example using uniquemonomer compositions, by adding dopants, dyes, fluorophores, nano-crystals, for example," explains
Furukawa. "We are investing new possibilities of plastic-based optical fibers."
Plastics, such as water bottles, are transparent, flexible, and can tolerant greater outer forces compared to glass.
Furukawa and her group research are using this elastic nature of polymers to make fiber-optic strain sensors
with higher sensitivity and new detection mechanisms.
"We are developing fiber-optic strain sensors that allow the user to literally see stress using their own eyes
instead of relying on equipment such as spectrum analyzers."
Furthermore, another feature is that if someone has any interesting small molecules or particles, then it ispossible to just dope it into the plastic optical fiber core. "In that way, you can see the performance of yourmaterial over an optical path in the range of meters," says Furukawa.
Furukawa is collaborating with civil engineers who are close to workers on highways and chemical industries.
"Sometimes they bring us new ideas for using plastic fiber that we have not thought about. We are totally
open for collaboration with researchers and industrialists throughout the world."

The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

Stretchable electric pumps for next-generation soft robotics
Soft robots that are composed of compliant materials, offer
important advantages over conventional rigid robots, such as
simplified body structure and control as well as high robustness
and versatility.
Fluidic soft actuators are one of the most widespread technologies
in soft robotics. However, fluidically driven systems require rigid
pumps or compressors that make the system complicated andbulky.

Stretchable pump consisting of soft materials(Credit: Vito Cacucciolo / 2019 EPFL)

Jun Shintake at the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, and colleagues at the Shibaura Institute ofTechnology, Japan, and at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland have developed asoft and stretchable pump that is made of compliant materials.
The device works by the principle of electro-hydrodynamics that transform electric energy to the kinetic
energy of fluids. Through experiments, the soft pump showed specific pressure and flow rate comparable totraditional rigid compressors. Moreover, several soft robotic applications using the same technology were
demonstrated: a textile glove for on-body thermal regulation and fluidic muscles. These results illustrate thehigh potential of the device developed in this research as key elements for the creation of next-generation soft
robotic systems.

References
・Authors: Vito Cacucciolo, Jun Shintake, Yu Kuwajima, Shingo Maeda, Dario
Floreano, Herbert Shea
・Title of original paper: Stretchable pumps for soft machines
・Journal, volume, pages and year: Nature, vol. 672, no. 7770, pp. 516-519
・Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1038/s41586-019-1479-6
・Affiliations: The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo; Shibaura Instituteof Technology; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne

The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

Inspecting dust on surfaces in product manufacturing: Effect of dirt on
inspection surfaces on the accuracy of visual inspection
To supply high-quality products to the market, visual inspection by human senses is conducted in many
manufacturing industries. It is generally recommended that visual inspection for a high-quality product be
performed in a clean room.
However, in situations where the production process becomes more complex and more outsourcing in recent
years, visual inspection is not often performed in a clean room because of constraints of existing equipment
and economic problems.
Now, Ryosuke Nakajima at UEC Tokyo and colleagues at Aoyama Gakuin University have utilized peripheral
vision to clarify experimentally the relationship between dirt levels of inspection surfaces and defect detection
in visual inspection.

Relationship between dirt levels of inspection surface and defect locations.

The experiment was a three step processes: analyze images of inspection surfaces in an actual factory and thencreate an inspection model for dirt density based on the pixel values of the images; design experiment using
dirt levels of inspection surfaces, defect locations, and defect characteristics as experimental factors; examine
the effects of these factors on the defect detection accuracy with 12 subjects.
A sudden reduction in the defect detection rate was observed as the inspection surface became dirtier.
The research shows the importance of a clean inspection surface for a highly accurate visual inspection
process, and it is important to take measures such as making the production process in a clean room andcleaning an inspection surface before the visual inspection process.
The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

References
・Authors: Ryosuke Nakajima, Yuta Asano, Takuya Hida, and Toshiyuki Matsumoto
・Title of original paper: The Relationship between Dirt Levels of Inspection Surface
and Defect Detection in Visual Inspection Utilizing Peripheral Vision.
・Journal, volume, pages and year: Industrial Engineering & Management Systems
vol. 17(1), pp. 102-112 (2018).
・Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.7232/iems.2018.17.1.102
・Affiliations: Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering,
The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo.

The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

Polymer-based optical fiber for visualization of stress
Fiber-optic strain sensing is known for its ability to monitor large areas. However, most types of fiber-optic
strain sensors require spectrum analysis instruments, which drastically increases the overall cost of sensor
systems. In contrast, fiber-optic strain sensors such as Bragg-grating or Brillouin optical time domainreflectometers, have reliable structures that are commercially available. However, they are not widely used tosupport workers in high-risk construction sites.
Rei Furukawa's group at the Department of Science Engineering and collaborators have developed anothertype of fiber-optic strain sensor that can literally "visualize" strain. This enables an effective cost-down and ismuch simpler compared to conventional technology.

Transition of output spectrum of a fluorophore-doped polymer optical fiber upon applied stress.

The sensor is a polymer-based optical fiber with two fluorophores doped in its core and cladding, respectively.
The polymer can support organic dopants due to its low processing temperature. The color of the output is oneof the two fluorophores depending on whether the fiber is compressed or not. The two fluorophores have alarge gap in their emission band so the user can observe and analyze signals with their own eyes.
The group wishes that this technology can somehow contribute to reducing accidents in construction sites.

The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

References[1] S. Kamimura and R. Furukawa: " Strain sensing based on radiative emission-absorption mechanism using
dye-doped polymer optical fiber," Applied Physics Letters 11, 063301 (2017). DOI: 10.1063/1.4998738[2] C. Hirose, N. Fukuda, T. Sassa, K. Ishibashi, T. Ochiai, R. Furukawa: "Fabrication of a
Fluorophore-Doped Cylindrical Waveguide Structure Using Elastomers for Visual Detection of Stress,"
Fibers 7 (2019) No.5, 37. DOI: 10.3390/fib7050037
・Author: Rei Furukawa
・Affiliations: Associate Professor, Department of Science Engineering, The
University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo.
・Department Website: http://www.es.uec.ac.jp/
・Personal Website: http://kjk.office.uec.ac.jp/Profiles/58/0005800/profile.html

The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

Algorithms for enhancing security of IoT industrial control systems
Kenji Sawada
Associate Professor, Info-Powered Energy System Research Center, The University ofElectro-Communications, Tokyo.
Kenji Sawada is using his expertise in control engineering to develop algorithms for freely moving objects forapplications including automobiles, robots, and security and energy, using mathematical theory for
optimization and signal processing.
"We are developing technology for protecting industrial equipment control systems and critical infrastructurefrom cyber-attacks, especially in Internet of Things (IoT) related technology," says Sawada. "Unlike
information systems, control systems generally have a long operating period of 20-30 years and have
limitations in that they cannot be easily shut down if attacked."
Sawada has developed an algorithm that gives security functions to industrial controllers that operate control
systems equipped with actuators and sensors. The behavior of controllers is constantly monitored, and awarning can be issued in real time if it deviates from normal operation. This makes it possible to quickly
detect abnormalities caused by cyber attacks. Sawada has implemented his technology in FA (factory
automation) and PA (process automation) equipment and demonstrated its functions.
However, there have been reports of cyber-attacks targeting important infrastructure such as electricity, gas,
and water, underscoring the need for measures to handle such issues.
"I am participating in a national project to develop technology to defend control systems against such attacks,
and keep equipment running even under attack," explains Sawada. "It will be implemented in criticalinfrastructure supporting the facilities of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games."
In the field of energy, Sawada is conducting research on energy systems with high so-called resilience(resilient power) aimed at early restoring systems in the event of disasters such as earthquakes and floods.
"We are exploring optimal control methods for power systems using autonomous distributed control methods
that distribute and autonomously process control systems connected to networks," says Sawada.

Important research papers
1. A. Mochizuki et al, "On Experimental Verification of Model Based White list for PLC Anomaly
Detection", 2017 Asian Control Conference - ASCC 2017, Gold Coast 17 - 20 December 2017.
Abstract
Recently, defensive countermeasures of controller are important because cyber-attacks on the control
system are growing highly. This paper proposes an anomaly detection method of white list using PLC
The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

(Programmable Logic Controller) as one of the countermeasures of controller. This paper introduces awhite list design technique which models normal behaviors of field devices via Petri net and converts thewhite list model to ladder diagram. It allows PLC to detect the cyber-attack.
2. K. Hata et al, "Collaborative Model-Based Fallback Control for Secured Networked Control Systems",
IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2018.8592923
Abstract
The authors have proposed the Fallback Control System (FCS) as a countermeasure after cyber-attacks
happen in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs). For increased robustness against cyber-attacks, introducing
multiple countermeasures is desirable. Then, an appropriate collaboration is essential. This paper
introduces two FCSs in ICS: field network signal is driven FCS and analog signal driven FCS. This paper
also implements a collaborative FCS by a collaboration function of the two FCSs. The collaboration
function is that the analog signal driven FCS estimates the state of the other FCS. The collaborative FCS
decides the countermeasure based on the result of the estimation after cyber-attacks happen. Finally, weshow practical experiment results to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Further information
・Author: Kenji Sawada, Associate Professor, Info-Powered Energy System ResearchCenter, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo
・Website: http://www.sawada.iperc.uec.ac.jp/publication.html

The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

Sakura Science Plan Visiting Students Pay a Courtesy Visit to Mr. Hagiuda
Koichi, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT) during Their UEC Visit
With the implementation of the Sakura Science Plan supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency,a group of ten visiting students and one supervisor from King Mongkut's University of Technology North
Bangkok (KMUTNB) in Thailand, one of our prestigious partner universities, was invited to our campus for 7
days between October 20 and October 26 to conduct research exchanges, tour laboratories, engage in student
interaction, give a presentation at the symposium, and explore the Japanese culture.
During their visit, they were commemorated as the 30,000th visiting students and had the opportunity to pay a
courtesy visit to Mr. Hagiuda Koichi, the minister of MEXT on October 23, 2019. One KMUTNB student told
Mr. Hagiuda, "I look forward to seeing what advanced technology is being explored at Japanese universities
and how students are working in the research field." Another said, "I hope to return and study at Japanese
universities as an international student in the future." Responding to these motivated comments, Mr. Hagiuda
heartily encouraged them by saying, "Science and technology offer many opportunities for cross-bordercooperation. I hope that all of you will continue to play active roles in becoming a bridge between two
nations."
Through the exchange with Mr. Hagiuda, the relationship between KMUTNB, our university, and Japan was
further deepened. On the last day, the group paid a courtesy visit to UEC President Fukuda and Dr. Nakano, a
member of the UEC board of directors, and reported that visit to Japan was a fruitful experience.

Meeting with the Minister Mr. Hagiuda

Group photo with Mr. Hagiuda

Group photo in the UEC President's office

The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

UEC holds The 1st ECTI - UEC Workshop and The 6th UEC Seminar in
ASEAN, 2019
On September 6-7, 2019, "The 1st ECTI - UEC Workshop on AI andApplications" (Sep 6) and "The 6th UEC Seminar in ASEAN, 2019" (Sep 7)
took place at Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep in Bangkok,
Thailand. Eminent researchers, executive officers and staffs of UEC partner
universities, governmental agencies and industry from Thailand and other
ASEAN countries came together for the workshop and the seminar.

The 1st ECTI - UEC Workshop
Group Photo

The 1st ECTI - UEC Workshop on AI and Applications was jointly
organized by the professors of ECTI association and the University ofElectro-Communications (UEC). 14 invited talks and 25 poster presentations
were given by researchers in AI and the related fields and students fromASEAN institutions and UEC. About 70 participants of the workshop held
active discussions on research topics in AI and its applications during theworkshop.

The 6th UEC Seminar in ASEAN
Group Photo

UEC Seminar in ASEAN has been annually hosted by UEC ASEAN
Research and Education Center (UAREC) of UEC since 2015. The 6th UEC
Seminar was held this year in the aim to strengthen networks with industry,
government, and academia in cooperation with ECTI Workshop. Prof.
Ishibashi, the Director of UAREC gave the opening address, and thenPresentation from Vice president
Abeguests from UEC partner universities and governmental agencies gave
guest speeches. Invited speakers and UEC professors gave presentations for
UEC activities including cooperation programs with ASEAN institutions:Global Alliance Laboratory (GAL) with partner institutions in Hanoi; andSummer Short Exchange Training Program with partner universities inThailand. Then, executive officers and experts form industry and government
gave speeches and the seminar was closed by Prof. Abe, the UEC vice

New UEC Alumni Ambassadorspresident. More than 140 participants in total attended the workshop andthe seminar.
UEC plans to hold the 7th UEC Seminar in ASEAN in Bandung, Indonesia to further enhance international
joint research, exchange programs and industry-academia-government collaboration in ASEAN region.

The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

UEC signs general agreement with National Taipei University
As of 7 August, 2019, the University of Electro-Communications (UEC) has
singed general agreement with National Taipei University, Taiwan, to promotefurther international collaboration between the two universities.
National Taipei University is located in New Taipei City. It has six faculties
namely: electrical informatics, law, commerce, public works, social sciences and humanities. The university
places high priority on international cooperation having international collaborative research and exchange
programs with more than 100 overseas universities and research institutes.
This opportunity will contribute to further strengthen international research and educational cooperation
between the two universities.

The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

3rd International Union of Radio Science, Japan Radio Science Meeting
2019(URSI) held at UEC Tokyo
The 3rd International Union of Radio Science, Japan Radio Science Meeting
2019(URSI) was held at the University of Electro-Communications

campus from 5-6 September 2019. This conference will further revitalize
Japan's URSI-related activities under URSI, an international organizationthat actively engages in activities to contribute to the development of radio
science, and will encourage young researchers to taken an interest in radio
science.The number of registered registrants was ~ 200, and many papers

President Fukuda gives the opening
speechwere presented. Prof. Yagitani (URSI-JRSM 2019 Conference Chair), Prof.
Shibata (President, IEICE Electronics Society), Prof. Ando (President, URSI), and President Fukuda(President of the University of Electro-Communications) and others gave opening speeches.
At the main venue, Prof. Hayakawa (Professor Emeritus, UEC Tokyo)
gave a keynote lecture entitled "Study of Radio Noise for 45 years" andthere were also 10 invited lectures from 10 commissions. Oral presentations
were given in parallel sessions in the afternoon of each day in 10 venues foreach commission.On the first day, as many as 90 poster papers were
presented in the lobby of the main venue, and a student paper competition

Group photograph(SPA) was held.
Furthermore, there were exhibits both from companies and universities
including the UEC's Center for Space Science and Radio Engineering(SSRE). At the official conference banquet held in the UEC Tokyo, the
UEC President and Executive Director Nakano and many people
participated. The conference was a great success.

Prof. Hayakawa (Professor Emeritus,
UEC Tokyo) giving a key note
speechThe University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

Irago Conference 2019 is held at UEC campus
The Irago Conference 2019 was held on 29 October 2019 at the UEC
Tokyo campus. The conference was organized by University ofElectro-Communications, Toyohashi University of Technology, andTokai University. This was 9th in this series of conferences providing
a platform for networking between scientists, graduate students, andpolicy makers to interact and share ideas to find solutions for someGroup photograph of participants at Irago
2019

the major issues of the 21st century.
This core theme of this year's conference was "Insights into Sustainable
Development Goals" and the proceedings included 5 invited speakers andmore than 90 poster presentations. More than 150 participants attended theconference including the invited speakers from Spain, Italy, and Japan.
In addition to the scientists and graduate students, high students from highschools throughout Japan also participated in the conference, presenting

President Fukuda giving a speechas the evening session

posters and actively asking questions during the sessions.
The conference was organized in partnership STAM journal and Nitto Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., and theevening session included speeches by guests including the teachers of the high schools．

The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585© 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.

The University of Electro-Communications (UEC) in Tokyo
is a small, luminous university at the forefront of pure and applied sciences, engineering, andtechnology research. Its roots go back to the Technical Institute for Wireless Commutations,which was established in 1918 by the Wireless Association to train so-called wireless engineers
in maritime communications in response to the Titanic disaster in 1912. In 1949, the UEC wasestablished as a national university by the Japanese Ministry of Education, and moved in 1957
from Meguro to its current Chofu campus Tokyo.
With approximately 4,000 students and 350 faculty, UEC is regarded as a small university, butwith particular expertise in wireless communications, laser science, robotics, informatics, andmaterial science, to name just a few areas of research.
The UEC was selected for the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Program for Promoting the Enhancement of Research Universities as a result of its strengths inthree main areas: optics and photonics research, where we are number one for the numberof joint publications with foreign researchers; wireless communications, which reflects ourroots; and materials-based research, particularly on fuel cells.
International Public Relations
The University of Electro-Communications
1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585
E-mail : kokusai-k@office.uec.ac.jp
Website : http://www.uec.ac.jp/eng/

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182-8585 © 2019 The University of Electro-Communications.