IInformationonlongperiodgroundmotion
fili ddiof the Japan Meteorological AgencyoftheJapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMA)

MasakiNakamura
Mki N kJapan Meteorological Agency
JapanMeteorologicalAgency

Outline¾Need for longperiod¾Needforlongperiodgroundmotion.
ground motion¾Informationonlongperiodgroundmotion.
gp
g¾Howtousetheinformation.
¾Futureplans.

1

NeedforlongperiodgroundmotionMany largeshallowquakesoccurredinJapan.
From1923toJune,2013,115events(M>=7.0).
8 events (M>=8 0)
8events(M>=8.0).
Large shallowearthquakesoftengeneratelong
periodgroundmotions.

Needforlongperiodgroundmotion
Example: The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (M 9 0)
Example:The2011GreatEastJapanEarthquake(M9.0)

InTokyometropolis,• Severalnonstructuralelementsandequipmentsin
Several non structural elements and equipments inhighrisebuildingssuffereddamage,whilelower
buildings didn’tthavemuchdamage.
buildingsdidn
have much damage

FallofUnsettledObjects

FallofCoveratExpansionJoint

TangledelevatorcableInOsaka,whichis700InOsaka which is 700 kmawayfromepicenter,
km away from epicenter• Highrisebuildingswereshakenseverelyonhigherfloors by the longperiod
floorsbythelongperiodgroundmotions.
ground motions• Shortperiodgroundmotionwasnotverysevere.
2

Needforlongperiodgroundmotion
Obser ed a e forms in a b ilding in Osaka (700 km a a from the epicenter)
ObservedwaveformsinabuildinginOsaka(700kmawayfromtheepicenter)
Story
55

52F

52F

50
45
40

38F

38F

35
30
25
20

18F

18F

151051F

1F0050100150Maxacceleration[cm/s/s]
Building Research Institute(http://smo kenken go jp/)
BuildingResearchInstitute(http://smo.kenken.go.jp/)• Asshakingsinhigherfloorsaredifferentfromthatinlowerfloors,
conventionalseismicintensityscaleappliedtothesurfaceofthe
earthcannotexpresslongperiodgroundmotioninahighrisebuildingproperly.
PhenomenabytheGreatEastJapanEarthquakein2011(M9.0)

Needforlongperiodgroundmotion
120

Sendai

100Tokyo

SVA[ccm/s]

80700km
Osaka

Sendai

60

㬍

40

Osaka

Tokyo

2000

12345678910

period[sec]• Osakais700kmawayfromepicenter.
Osaka is 700km away from epicenter• But,absolutevelocityresponsespectrum(SVA)waslarger
i O k thinOsakathanatnearerstationsataperiodofaround6sec.
tt ti
t
i d f
d6
PhenomenabytheGreatEastJapanEarthquakein2011(M9.0)

3

Needforlongperiodgroundmotion

Largequakesoccurredrepeatedly
alongNankaiTrough.

Thosesegmentswillpossiblyrupture
simultaneously,thenMwillbelargerthan9.0.

Theanticipatedmegaquakewillcausepg qcatastrophicdamagesbylongperiodgroundmotions.

Informationonlongperiodgroundmotion• Toaddresssuchsituations,JMAstartedtoissue
T dd
h it ti
JMA t t d t iinformationonlongperiodgroundmotiononour
web site from March 2013websitefromMarch,2013.
` Difficultyofpeople
Difficulty of people’ss

activitieshasbeen classified
into 4 categories.
into4categories.

㪠㫅㫋㪼㫅㫊㫀㫋㫐㩷㫊㪺㪸㫃㪼㩷㫆㫅㩷㫃㫆㫅㪾㪄㫇㪼㫉㫀㫆㪻㩷㪾㫉㫆㫌㫅㪻㩷㫄㫆㫋㫀㫆㫅㪜㪽㪽㪼㪺㫋㫊㩷㫆㫅㩷㫇㪼㫆㫇㫃㪼㸇㪝㪼㫃㫋㩷㪹㫐㩷㫄㫆㫊㫋㩷㫇㪼㫆㫇㫃㪼㩷㫀㫅㩷㪹㫌㫀㫃㪻㫀㫅㪾㫊㪅㩷㪪㫆㫄㪼㩷㫇㪼㫆㫇㫃㪼㩷㪸㫉㪼㩷㪾㫇 㫇㫊㫋㪸㫉㫋㫃㪼㪻㪅㸈㪤㪸㫅㫐㩷㫇㪼㫆㫇㫃㪼㩷㪽㫀㫅㪻㩷㫀㫋㩷㪻㫀㪽㪽㫀㪺㫌㫃㫋㩷㫋㫆㩷㫎㪸㫃㫂 㫎㫀㫋㪿㫆㫌㫋 㪿㫆㫃㪻㫀㫅㪾 㫆㫅㫋㫆㫎㪸㫃㫂㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㫆㫌㫋㩷㪿㫆㫃㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㫆㫅㫋㫆㩷㫊㫆㫄㪼㫋㪿㫀㫅㪾㩷㫊㫋㪸㪹㫃㪼㪅㸉㪠㫋 㫊㩷㪻㫀㪽㪽㫀㪺㫌㫃㫋㩷㫋㫆㩷㫉㪼㫄㪸㫀㫅㩷㪠㫋㩾㫊㪻㫀㪽㪽㫀㪺㫌㫃㫋 㫋㫆 㫉㪼㫄㪸㫀㫅㫊㫋㪸㫅㪻㫀㫅㪾㪅㸊㪠㫋 㫊㩷㫀㫄㫇㫆㫊㫊㫀㪹㫃㪼㩷㫋㫆㩷㫉㪼㫄㪸㫀㫅㩷㪠㫋㩾㫊㫀㫄㫇㫆㫊㫊㫀㪹㫃㪼 㫋㫆 㫉㪼㫄㪸㫀㫅㫊㫋㪸㫅㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫄㫆㫍㪼㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㫆㫌㫋㩷㪺㫉㪸㫎㫃㫀㫅㪾㪅4

Informationonlongperiodgroundmotion
AccelerationonthesurfaceoftheEarth
Accelerationon the surface of the EarthfromJMAaccelerationmeters

about660points

CalculateabsolutevelocityresponsesoftheCalculateabsolute velocity responses of theperiodsbetween1.5and8.0sec.
velocityresponsemaxabsolute
velocity
velocity
response(cm/s䋩

Sa3
Sa2

response
Sa1
Sa1
Sa2T3

Sa3

T2

T1
T1

T2

absolutevelocity
absolutevelocity
responsespectrum

T3

Period(sec)( )Informationonlongperiodgroundmotion` Decidethresholdvalues
Decide threshold values whichexplaineachclassbest.
which explain each class best

Intensity scale on longperiod
Intensityscaleonlong
periodgroundmotion
ground motion
SVA(cm/s䋩
Intensity scaleonLongperiod
groundmotion

100
50
15
5

1.5s

Period(sec)
8.0s

Effectsonpeople

IndoorsituationsΣ
515cm/s

Feltbymostpeoplein
Hangingitemssuchasbuildings.Somepeopleare lampsandblindsswingstartled.
significantly.

Τ1550cm/s

Manypeoplefindit
Manypeople find it
difficulttowalkwithout
holdingontosomethingstable.

ΥIt'sdifficulttoremain50100cm/s standing.

Φ100cm/s

It'simpossibletoremainstandingandmove
withoutcrawling.
gEffectsonnon
structural elements

Furniturewithcasterslightlymove.
Dishesincupboardsand
itemsonbookshelvesmay
fall.
Furniturewithcaster
movesignificantly.
Unsecuredfurnituremay
toppleover.

Partitionwalls
maygetcracked.

Furniturewithcaster
movesignificantlyand
Manypartitionmaytoppleover.
wallsmayget
Manyunsecuredfurniture
cracked.
movesandmaytopple
dtl
over.

5

Informationonlongperiodgroundmotion

Examples of the JMA web site
ExamplesoftheJMAwebsite(http://www.seisvol.kishou.go.jp/eq/ltpgm/)
ThequakeinAwajishimaon13th April,M6.3
Longperiodground
motioncategoryineachperiod

Absolutevelocityresponsespectrum

Accelerationwaveform

Absoluteaccelerationresponsespectrum

Velocitywaveform

Informationonlongperiodgroundmotion
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KNetShinjyuku

absolutevelocityresponsespectrum

velocitywaveforms

KN t Shi
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6

Informationonlongperiodgroundmotion
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KNetTomakomai

absolutevelocityresponsespectrum

velocitywaveforms

KNetAtsuma

Howtousetheinformation• Buildingmanagerscanbeawareofhigherfloor’s
B ilding managers can be a are of higher floor’s
situation.
• Buildingmanagerscanchecksomedamagesifnecessary.
• Staffsoftheconstructioncompaniescanjudge
thepossibilitiesofthestructuraldamages.
hibili if hldpgg• Peopleinhighrisebuildingscanunderstand
whathashappened.

7

Futureplans• Makingeffortstogetpeoplerecognizingthenew
information.
• Searchingothermethodstoprovidethenewinformation,
including mobile phones, TV and radio.
includingmobilephones,TVandradio.
• Investigatinglongperiodgroundmotionforecastwhichwill
function as Earthquake Early Warning for longperiod
functionasEarthquakeEarlyWarningforlongperiod
groundmotion.
FutureNOW

Thank youThankyou
MasakiNakamura(masaki.nakamuraa@met.kishou.go.jp)
Senior Coordinator for Earthquake Ground Motion Modeling
SeniorCoordinatorforEarthquakeGroundMotionModeling
SeismologicalandVolcanologicalDepartment
Japan Meteorological Agency
JapanMeteorologicalAgency

8