人2024B2/21英語（令和６年度）

人間社会学部試 験 問 題 冊 子（Ｂ日程 ２月21日）

英語
注意

①

試験監督者の指示があるまで，問題冊子を開かないこと。

②

問題冊子に落丁，乱丁があった場合は，試験監督者に申し出ること。

③

試験監督者が試験開始の指示をしたら，ただちに解答用紙の所定欄に受験番号を記入し，マークすること。

④

解答は全て解答用紙に記入すること。

⑤

マーク式解答欄および裏面の記述式解答欄の指定された箇所以外は使用しないこと。

⑥

試験終了後，問題冊子は持ち帰ること ｡

英注意

語
この試験には、問題がⅠ〜Ⅵまでの全44問ある。解答はすべて、各問の内に示された番号または記号に応じて、解答欄の該当箇所に正解を記入せよ。尚、解答欄とは、この試験で使用するマーク式解答欄 １ 〜 40 、および記述式解答欄 Ａ 〜 Ｄ のことである。

ⅠＡ

次の問１〜３の英文中に示された単語について、その下線部と発音が同じものを①〜④の内から１つずつ選べ。

問１
１
My niece living in Fukuoka is going to stay with us next week.
①tiepin②pie③

relieve④ friend

問２
２
This box weighs a ton.
①

rough

②

tough

③

laugh

④sigh

問３
３
The cherry blossoms are in full bloom now.
①

Ｂassign②

passion③ assure④ dessert

次の問１〜３に示された単語①〜④の内、第１アクセント（最も強く発音される部分）の位置が、他の３つの場合と異なるものを１つずつ選べ。

問１

４① sub-urb
問２② ca-reer③ sin-cere④ ma-rine

５① mea-sure
６
問３① bi-ol-o-gist② tech-nique③ gar-bage② prop-a-gan-da④ ef-fort③ pho-tog-ra-pher−1−④ ex-pe-ri-ence

ⅡＡ

次の問１〜３の空欄に入れるべき最も適切な英文を、下の①〜④の内から１つずつ選べ。

問１
A:

７

B: Actually, I didn’t like it very much.
A: Oh, didn’t you? Someone told me it was very exciting.
B: No way!
① Why did you like his new novel?
② How come you liked his new novel?
③ What did you like about his new novel?
④ How did you like his new novel?

問２
A: Are there any questions about the new plans I have been talking about?
B: Yes, there are quite a few.
A:８

B: It’s about money as a funding mechanism.
① Where is your point?
② Tell me all of them, please.
③ What’s the one you want to ask me most?
④ How do you find the plans?

問３
A: Did you pass the English exam you had talked about?
B:

９

A: I’m sorry to hear that.
B: That’s quite all right. I got a better score than I thought I would.
① Well, I failed.
② Unfortunately, I managed to pass it.
③ It was a very easy test.
④ Actually, I did a good job.

−2−Ｂ

次の問１〜２の下線部を和訳した場合、最も自然で適切なものを下の①〜④の内から１つずつ選べ。

問１

10

A: She can do lots of things in an average way, but doesn’t have a specialty, does she?
B: Well, she is what you call a jack of all trades.
① いわゆる、何でも屋さ。
② ジャックの手伝いをしているのさ。
③ 商売の天才と呼んでもいいよ。
④ 何か特技があるはずだ。

問２

11

A: How much did you get paid this month?
B: Only a drop in the bucket!
① 乾坤一擲だよ。
② 蟻の一穴だよ。
③ 雀の涙だよ。
④ 千里の道も一歩からだよ。

Ｃ

次の日本語の意味に合うように、問１〜４の空欄に入れるべき適切な語句の組み合わせを、下の①〜④の内から１つずつ選べ。

問１

12

このまま酒を続けたら、１年で死ぬと医者に脅されている。
My doctor (① afraid, take問２) me by saying that I will die in a year if I (② scares, keep

③ frightens, put) on drinking.
④ thrills, search

13

その国は、1711年以来、イギリスの統治下にあった。
The country has been (① above, after
問３) British control (② with, in) 1711.

③ under, since④ within, at14

彼女が噂話に苦しんでいたことがわかった。
It () out that she had been (① went, paining) from gossip.

② turned, suffering③ got, losing−3−④ proved, troubling問４15

健司ほどそのポストに適任の候補者はいないよ。
No () candidate is more (① another, fits) for the post than Kenji.

② others, suitable③ one, suits④ other, qualified

ⅢＡ

次の問１〜10の空欄に入れるべき適切なものを、下の①〜④の内から１つずつ選べ。

問１

I’m afraid that things will

① go
問２

② makeAkiyo has just

① reached
問３

for the station. I think you’ll catch up with her if you run.

17

③ arrived② the matter

What kind of music② won’t④ got③ the wrong

19③ ought② speaking to

Fortunately, my father④ the happenings

I play at your wedding ceremony?
④ shallOn my way to the station, I was suddenly① spoken
問６④ miss

A: What’s 18 with you?
B: Actually, I have a serious headache.

① will問５③ take② left① the point

問４wrong if you don’t follow the instructions.

16

20

by an American woman on the street.

③ speaking about
21① had everything to go on with

④ spoken tothe scandal.
② had anything to do③ had nothing to do with

④ had something to do on
問７

22

the work, I couldn’t go for a drink with my colleagues last night.

① Not having finished問８③ Not finishedYour plans will require a huge amount of money① as soon as
問９② Having finished not② as good as③ as well as

It was completely dark outside, and① such was wrong② as was bad24

23④ Finishing nottime.

④ as better as, snowing heavily.

③ which was more

−4−④ what was worse

You are now

問10① enough old toＢ

understand how your parents feel.

25② old enough to③ to old enough④ enough to old

次の問１〜５において、日本文の意味に合うように、下の①〜⑤の語句を並べ換えて空所を補い、文を完成させよ。但し、解答は３番目に入るものの番号のみをマークせよ。尚、文頭に置かれる語もすべて小文字で記してある。

問１久美子は、窓を全部閉めて電話で話していた。

Kumiko was① closed
問２.

26② on the phone③ all the windows⑤ with彼は、元妻が借金を完済するようにと言い張った。

He

問３.

27

① on

② his ex-wife③ insisted

① not
問４

⑤ paying off② waswhen I came here forty years ago.

28
③ it

④ is

⑤ what私の成功は、彼女の助力のお陰です。
.

29① her support
問５④ the debt

日本の大気汚染は、40年前に来日したときとは違っている。

Japanese air pollution

② to

③ owe

④ my success⑤I

あいつに金を貸すほど、俺は愚かではない。

I.

30① lend him the moneyⅣ④ talking② better③ than④ to⑤ know次の英文を読み、下の問１〜10に答えよ。尚、解答は各問に記されている①〜④の内から１つずつ選べ。

Will AI and IT steal people’s jobs?
The fact that the economy can grow at a rate that far exceeds the population growth rate implies thatchanges in labor productivity (which can be restated as per capita GDP growth) influence economic growthmore than changes in the labor force do. The economic growth of industrialized nations is created mostly by
per capita GDP growth rather than population growth. As already explained, increases in labor production
are not caused by the dedication, morale, or physical strength of workers, but rather by “technologicaladvancement” in a broad sense; that is, by innovation, capital accumulation, changes in industrial structure, etc.
−5−

While some people are concerned about the decrease in the labor force, there are also warning that thefuture demand for labor will fall due to newly created technologies, especially the development of information
technology (IT) and artificial intelligence (AI). At its extreme, the fear is that people may be replaced bymachines on the shop floor. The book Race against the Machine, by Eric Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,is representative of this viewpoint.
The language comprehension abilities of AI are limited at present but steadily improving. The robot
Torobo-kun, which is being developed at the National Institute of Informatics with the goal of having it pass
the University of Tokyo’s entrance examination, recently made news by scoring standard deviations of morethan 60 for the first time, in mathematics and world history, in a mock National Center Test for University
Admissions held in November 2015.
Will the jobs of human beings be replaced by Torobo-kun and other AI entities someday? Several points
require attention when considering this issue. First, are AI and IT replacing specific jobs that have been
carried out by humans up until now, or are they replacing the work of all human beings? It is important tomake a distinction between these two. If AI and IT are used to conduct certain types of work or operations
that human beings have generally done in the past, this is something that has occurred repeatedly in history,
and something we experience on a daily basis. The automated ticket gates mentioned earlier are a typicalexample. With the introduction of machinery, the demand for human labor ― that is to say, employment ― islost at certain job sites.
However, having automation take over a specific job at a specific workplace is completely different
from wiping out the demand for all human labor. Many people easily fear job will be lost as work long doneby people is taken over by machines, perhaps because a specific image comes to mind. But looking backthrough history, the story is in fact the opposite. Wages rose because there was robust demand for labor in
the economy overall, and a shortage of workers. In fact, it was rising wages that promoted firms to introduce
machines for “labor saving” in certain operations. Originally, in eighteenth-century England, the steam engine
was invented and improved by James Watt and others as a reaction to rising wages. AI and IT are different
from those kinds of machines in that they replace the human brain. But how is this fundamentally different
from the bulldozer, which took over work that previously had to rely on human muscle?
Another point that must not be forgotten is that it is humans who consume the goods and services
produced by AI and IT, and to consume them, they must purchase them. It obviously follows that the people
who purchase goods and services earn sufficient income to make such purchases possible. While I mentioned
this already, looking back through history, much work that humans traditionally did has been taken over bymachines. But humans were not “discarded” as a result. Rather, labor productivity rose and wages rose. In
other words, humans became wealthy thanks to machines.
(Yoshikawa Hiroshi, Population and the Japanese Economy, 2016, translated by Charles Stewart, Japan
Publishing Industry Foundation for Culture, 2020, pp.100-102.)
Population and the Japanese Economy: Longevity, Innovation, and Economic Growth by Hiroshi Yoshikawa(author), Charles Stewart (translator)
NOTES
1. GDP is the Gross Domestic Product of a national economy.
2. Per capita GDP is the average income paid to people in an economy.
3. standard deviations (heikin hensachi in Japanese)
4. mock test (mogi shiken in Japanese)−6−5. AI entities are robots or even machines who can do certain kinds or work.
7. demand (jyuyo in Japanese)
6. A firm is another word for a company or a business.

問１

The writer believes that the economy can far exceed the population growth rate. Which example

below says the same thing? (Paragraph 1)

31① The economy can grow far above the population growth rate.
② The economy is unable to grow above the population growth rate.
③ The economy will never grow more than the population growth rate.
④ The economy can grow far below the population growth rate.
Which human quality (at the end of paragraph 1) will not increase labor production?

問２32① Technological advancement② Innovation and capital accumulation③ Changes in industrial structure④ Physical strength of workers
問３

In paragraph 2, what is the fear about the new technologies?

33① More workers may be hired.
② People may be replaced by machines.
③ The demand for labor may increase.
④ More workers will be needed in AI.
問４

Which sentence is probably true about the AI entity, Torobo-kun? (Paragraph 3)

34① He is a student at the National Institute of Informatics.
② He is keen to study at the University of Tokyo.
③ His language comprehension is getting better.
④ His plan is to study mathematics and world history.
“Will the jobs of human beings be replaced by Torobo-kun and AI entities someday?” What does this問５

text explain? (Paragraph 4)

35① Only AI entities with university degrees can do human jobs.
② Machines have often replaced certain types of work in history.
③ All work now done by robots will be given to human workers.
④ AI entities will take over automated ticket gates very soon.

−7−In paragraphs 4 and 5, the writer gives examples of machines doing human work. Which example was

問６invented nearly 250 years ago?

36

① AI entities② Automated gates③ The steam engine④ Bulldozers
問７

Look at paragraph 5. Which was true about the steam engine?

37① The steam engine was introduced because of the low wages.
② The steam engine was introduced because of the rising wages.
③ The steam engine was introduced because it was a new machine.
④ The steam engine was introduced because it was more expensive.
問８

Think about AI or IT , and a bulldozer. Which is not true at the moment?

38① A bulldozer has great physical strength.
② IT can gather and use information.
③ A bulldozer has psychological training.
④ AI can analyze and communicate.
問９

Look at paragraph 6. Which pair of words has two different meanings?

39① Buy and purchase.
② Buy and sell.
③ Use and consume.
④ Earn and work for wages.
問10

Summarize what you have read. Which seems most likely to happen in the future?

① AI and IT will probably stop being used in the workplace.
② Robots will be unable to pass examinations in the future.
③ Robots will be replaced by humans entirely in the future.
④ AI and IT will probably continue to be used and developed.

−8−40Ⅴ

次の問１・２の英文を和訳せよ。

Ａ
問１
Even daily mundane tasks such as washing dishes or vacuuming floors sometimes become occasions forpleasure.
ヒント：mundane

平凡な、ありきたりのvacuum…

…に掃除機をかける

occasion

機会問２
Ｂ
I thought it important that I should take up an occupation which interested me most, whether it was wellpaid or not.
ヒント：Ⅵoccupation

職業well-paid

給料がよい

次の問１・２の日本文を英訳せよ。

問１
Ｃ
君たちは、わざわざその問題について議論する必要はなかったのに。
ヒント：

take the trouble to V…

わざわざ…する…する必要はなかったのにneed not have p.p.（過去分詞）

問２
Ｄ
彼の困った点は、私が何を言おうと自分の我を張り通すことだ。
ヒント：

Aの困った点は…だ
我を張り通す何を…でもThe trouble with A is that…

have one’s own way
whatever…

−9−