The 2nd International Symposium

Phoenix Leader Education Program(Hiroshima Initiative) for
Renaissance from Radiation Disaster- Suggestion for the Renaissancefrom Radiation Disaster “放射線災害復興への提言”

February. 10-11, 2013
International
Conference Center HiroshimaJapan
文部科学省「博士課程教育リーディングプログラム」
平成 23 年度採択事業

2013 年 2 月 10 日（日）At：広島国際会議場

放射線災害復興を推進するフェニックスリーダー育成プログラム
第 2 回国際シンポジウム「放射線災害復興への提言」

開会式挨拶

広島大学長

浅原利正

広島大学大学院の『放射線災害復興を推進するフェニックスリーダー育成プログラム』は，
昨年 10 月から開講され，第１期大学院生８名が入学し，博士課程教育リーディングプログラム
が，本格的に動き出しました。
ご存知の通り，広島大学は世界で最初の被爆地広島市に開学した総合大学として，被爆体験とその研究成果を基に，これまで放射線災害に係る学術・医療面から，国内外の放射線災害復興の支援に取り組んでまいりました。
2011 年 3 月 11 日の東日本大震災とともに起った福島第一原子力発電所事故は，原子力発電所という巨大管理システムの崩壊が，原子力発電施設だけでなく，放射線災害に対する社会シ
ステムの脆弱さを露呈し，放射線への安全・安心の問題は，広範囲の学術領域の総合的な連携により解決しなければならないことも明らかになりました。
さらに，世界各国に数多く設置されている原子力発電所の事故の可能性を考えると，被曝災害の学術的知見や行政的施策を背景に，放射線災害に対して実践的な対応のできるグローバル人材の育成が愁眉の急となっています。この点で，本学の『放射線災害復興を推進するフェニックスリーダー育成プログラム』は，放射線災害対応の国際的人材養成のために重要な教育プ
ログラムです。
本国際シンポジウムは，放射線災害への対応から社会復興までの幅広い領域の国際的な研究者の講演，並びに本プログラム大学院生の研究成果を，一般に公開する機会として定期的に計画しており，今回が２回目に当たります。
本シンポジウムを通して，放射線災害に対する幅広い研究者の知見が多くの研究者の共通理解となり，本学のリーディングプログラムの人材養成の意義を，ご参会の皆様方にご理解いた
だけることをこころより願っております。

iDate: February 10 (Sun), 2013
Venue: International Conference Center Hiroshima

Phoenix Leader Education Program for Renaissance from
Radiation Disaster: 2nd International Symposium“Suggestion for Renaissance from Radiation Disaster”

Opening Remarks
Toshimasa Asahara, President of Hiroshima University
Hiroshima University Graduate School’s Phoenix Leader Education Program for Renaissancefrom Radiation Disaster opened in October 2012 with eight graduate students enrolled in theinaugural class, signifying the full-scale launch of the Ph.D. level “Leading Graduate Education
Programs” offered at Hiroshima University.
As you all know, Hiroshima was the world’s first city to come under a nuclear attack. As acomprehensive university established in this city, Hiroshima University has built upon
Hiroshima’s A-bomb experience and accumulation of research on the subject to engage inpost-radiation disaster recovery assistance both at home and abroad, in academic and medical
fields pertinent to radiation disasters.
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident triggered by the Great East Japan
Earthquake on March 11, 2011 exposed—in the spectacular collapse of the behemoth of a control
system that makes up a nuclear power plant—not only the fragility of such facilities but also
how vulnerable current social systems are to radiation disasters. It was also made apparent thatcomprehensive and extensive interdisciplinary partnership is essential for addressing radiation
safety and security.
Considering the risk of accidents posed by the world’s numerous nuclear power plants, it iscritically urgent that we develop global talent capable of responding practically to radiation
disasters, on the back of academic expertise and public initiatives on radiation disasters. It is in
this context that Hiroshima University’s Phoenix Leader Education Program for Renaissancefrom Radiation Disaster, a program for nurturing international experts in radiation disaster
response, plays a key role.
This is the second of our international symposiums held regularly to share with the public not
only research findings of graduate students enrolled in the Phoenix Leader Education Program
but also lectures by international experts specializing in areas ranging from radiation disaster
response to social rehabilitation.
I sincerely hope that the symposium will help the participants’ extensive radiation disaster
expertise become shared knowledge among the many people who are studying the subject, andconvince all of you here today of the rationale of the human resource development carried out by
Hiroshima University’s “Leading Graduate Education Programs.”ii

Contents

General Information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1Introduction of Phoenix Leader Education Program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3

Program - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7

Abstracts of Keynote Address and Lectures - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13

Abstracts of Poster Session - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41

Map of Hiroshima City and Symposium Floor - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 83

Organization Committee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 85

iii

General Information

Data
February 10-11, 2013

Venue
International Conference Center Hiroshima
1-5 Nakajima-cho, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0811, Japan
Phone: +81-82-242-7777

Fax: +81-82-242-8010

Language
English and Japanese

Hosted by
Organization for the Leading Graduate Education Program, Hiroshima University

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放射線災害復興を推進する
フェニックスリーダー育成プログラム
放射線災害による人と社会と環境の破綻からの復興を担う
グローバル人材養成

本プログラムでは、原爆からの復興を支えた広島大学の実績と経験を生かして、分野横断的・実践的学問領域である「放射線災害復興学」を確立し、放射線災害からの復興の核となる「放射線災害から生命を護る人災」、「放射能から環境を護る人材」、「放射能から子どもと社会を護る人材」を育成します。5 年もしくは 4 年一貫の徹底した人材育成カリキュラムにより、放射線災害に適切に対応し、明確な理念の元で復興に貢献できる判断力と行動力を有した、国際的に活躍できる分野横断的統合的グローバルリーダー（フェニックスリーダー）を輩出します。

（文部科学省「博士課程教育リーディングプログラム」 平成 23 年度採択プログラム）-3-

Phoenix Leader Education Program (Hiroshima Initiative)
for Renaissance from Radiation Disaster
Develop global human resources who are expert in the recoveryof people, society and the environment
from damage caused by radiation disaster

This program establishes “Radiation Hazard Recovery Studies” as an interdisciplinary
and practical discipline, based on Hiroshima University’s experience and achievements insupporting recovery from the atomic bomb. The program will develop personnel with theskills to “protect human lives from radiation hazards”, “protect the environment form
radioactivity”, and “protect children and society from radioactivity”. Graduates from theprogram will become core leaders in situations requiring recovery from radiation hazards.
The 5-year or 4-year integrated curriculum is designed to develop interdisciplinary andcomprehensive

global leaders(Phoenix Leaders) who can act

appropriately incircumstances of radiation hazards, and who can contribute to the recovery with leadershipbased on a clear philosophy.
(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology – MEXT“PhD Leading Program” accepted for 2011FY)-4-

Program

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The 2nd International Symposium on
Phoenix Leader Education Program (Hiroshima Initiative) for
Renaissance from Radiation Disaster“Suggestion for the Renaissance from Radiation Disaster”
February, 10-11, 2013
International Conference Center Hiroshima
February, 10, 2013, Room : Himawari
12:00-

Registration

12:30-13:00

Opening Ceremony
Welcome Remarks
Tetsuji Okamoto (Program Director of Phoenix Leader Education Program)Opening Remarks
Toshimasa Asahara (President of Hiroshima University,
Director General of Phoenix Leader Education Program)
Guest Remarks
Takakuni Ikeda (Director, University Promotion Division. Higher Education
Bureau, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, andTechnology-Japan)

13:00-15:00

Keynote Address
Keynote Address I
Dr. Shinsuke Shimojo (Professor, California Institute of Technology)
Why did it look cheap and safe?
- Cognitive biases in group decision regarding energy economy and safety Keynote Address II
Dr. Rethy K. Chhem (Director, Human Health, IAEA)
Creating new knowledge in Human Health within post-Fukushima context:
The International Atomic Energy Agency’s initiative-7-

15:00-15:10

Break

15:10-17:50

Lectures15:10-15:40

Lecture I : Dr. Jacques Lochard(Director, Nuclear Protection Evaluation Centre (CEPN))
Rehabilitating Living Conditions after a Nuclear Accident:
Lessons from Experience

15:40-16:10

Lecture II : Dr. Tokushi Shibata(Senior Scientist, Chiyota Technol Corporation)
Detailed investigation of radionuclides distributions caused by the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster16:10-16:40

Lecture III : Dr. Seiichi Nohara(Executive Director, Center for Environmental
Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies)
Inventories of radionuclides in wetland ecosystems
in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

16:40-16:50

Break

16:50-17:20

Lecture IV : Dr. Albert Lee Wiley(Medial and Technical Director, REAC/TS)
Medical Management of Radionuclide Internal Contamination in Mass
Casualty Scenarios Involving Fission Products, Such as in Nuclear Power
Plant Accidents

17:20-17:50

Lecture V : Dr. Tom K. Hei(Professor and Vice-Chairman of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical
Center)Radiobiology in the Context of Radiation Protection During a Radiological Event

17:50-18:30

Break and Photograph

18:30-20:30

Reception Room : Cosmos 2-8-February, 11, 2013
9:00-10:20

Poster Session Room : Dahlia 2

10:40-12:20

Panel Discussion Room : Dahlia 1
Dr. Shinsuke Shimojo (Professor at California Institute of Technology)
Dr. Rethy K. Chhem (Director, Human Health, IAEA)
Dr. Kenji Kamiya (Program Coordinator of Phoenix Leader Education Program)
Uranchimeg Tsegmed (Program Student, Radiation Disaster Medicine Course)
Wim Ikbal Nursa(Program Student, Radioactivity Environmental Protection Course)
Mariko Komatsu (Program Student, Radioactivity Social Recovery Course)“How can the science and technology contribute to the social construction for
security and safety ?”12:20-12:30

Closing Ceremony Room : Dahlia 1
Poster Awarding
Tetsuji Okamoto (Program Director of Phoenix Leader Education Program)
Closing AddressKenji Kamiya (Program Coordinator of Phoenix Leader Education Program)-9-

- 10 -

Abstracts
Keynote Address
andLecturesFebruary, 10, 2013
13:00-17:50
International Conference Center
Hiroshima
Room : HIMAWARI- 11 -

- 12 -

Keynote Address 1
Why did it look cheap and safe?
- Cognitive biases in group decision regarding
energy economy and safety なぜ安くて安全に見えたのか？
- エネルギー経済と安全性に関する集団意思決定とその認知バイアス -Shinsuke Shimojo
Division of Bilogy/Computation & neural systems,
California Institute of Technology
139-74, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Introduction
The “Black swan” often refers to an unexpected big event1. It has three distinctive features: 1)
highly unlikely, 2) the impact being huge (either positive or negative), and 3) once it happens, itretrospectively appears “to have been well predictable.” Surprisingly (or not), the major nuclear
disaster caused by 3.11 Fukushima tsunami (2011) qualifies well as such. Why did peoplecommit to the nuclear energy in Japan as the “nest of earthquakes”? What made them blind tothe huge risk? And what went wrong in their risk management? Whereas I am not an expert innuclear technology nor its safety, I attempt to utilize my expertise in cognitive psychology andneuroscience to answer these questions, to prepare best for the future.
My working hypothesis
A single human brain shows various cognitive biases, often behaving irrationally, against theclassical “ideal decision maker” who makes decisions to maximize benefit and to minimize risk.
My working hypothesis, not yet fully supported, is the following - When it gets to a large-scalegroup decision (concerning energy policy or stock market trends, for instance), such biases areoften enhanced to lead to a disaster (the severe accident at a nuclear plant, or the collapse of the
bubble economy).

- 13 -

Cognitive biases
1. Compulsive people, such as gamble-addicts, tend to accept a large potential damage in far
future just to obtain a small, but immediate benefit2,3. Credit card business which is moreprevalent in “advanced” countries cashes ordinary people’s tendency which is a weaker versionof the pathological compulsive behavior. Considering the large costs and risks that it leaves forthe next generation, nuclear energy economy may crudely be regarded as such at larger(financial and temporal) scales. The “time discount factor” is larger for reward than punishment(eg. $100 cash now is equivalent to $80 next week; $85 penalty is equivalent to $100 next week)4, and it may pose a paradox, if one thinks more on the cost-benefit in the future. The mere fact,
however, is that people (the government and companies) are too compulsive to think that far.
2. People grossly underestimate the potential risks, due to a variety of factors. To begin with,people are intrinsically bad at dealing with uncertain events, evaluating risks only based on thedata from the past1.
3. Not only a pain, but also a mere observation/imagination triggers neural response5, thus it
tends to avoid it whenever possible. Careful and extended simulation of various scenarios ofhuge-scale disasters had been difficult as “out of imagination,” preventing appropriate
preparations.
4. People perceive only what they want to see, particularly when they committed to a notion (ofthe absolute safety of the nuclear power plant). For example, repeated small incidents at theplants have been taken as a sign of ultimate safety, as opposed to that of a real risk. Cognitive
dissonance, subliminal priming, hindsight (postdiction) 6, and escalating commitment to a failingcourse of action7, are some of the keywords.
5. Daily safety managements/regulations are highly susceptible to habituation. There islaboratory evidence that when pushing a little towards the risk is rewarded each time, people
tend to push until it explodes8.
6. At the moment of urgent risk management (eg. encountering a tsunami), people tend to be in apanic mode. Their behavior will be stereotypical, emotional and irrational, becoming
fundamentally inconsistent with the requirements for varying disaster scenarios with such acomplicated system. Moreover, people will be “choked” under time and mental pressures 9.
Massive emergency drills would help only to a limit, for several basic reasons.

- 14 -

Discussion and Conclusions
Thus as I speculated, group decision at a large scale tends to have risky biases which areexaggerated from the individual level. It may be partly due to inappropriate social systems
which have not been designed to serve as a safety net against such biases. Overall, thepsychological “shared reality” have deviated from the objective reality concerning costs andrisks. In Japan, additional psychological factors related to cultural differences related toin-group/out-group modulation of behavior may have contributed negatively.
As for the first step towards restoration and beyond, we do need to raise a keen awareness ofthem, to aim for the systems which are more flexible and robust.
References
1. Taleb NN (2007) The Black swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. Random House,
New York.
2. van Holst RJ, Veltman DJ, Büchel C, van den Brink W & Goudriaan AE (2012) Distorted
Expectancy Coding in Problem Gambling: Is the Addictive in the Anticipation? Biol Psychiatry,
71:741–748. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.030
3. Peters J, Buchel C (2010) Neural representations of subjective reward
value. Behav Brain Res 213:135–141.
4. Thaler RH (1981) Some empirical evidence on dynamic inconsistency, Economics Letters, 8,201-207.
5. Singer T, Seymour B, O’Doherty J, Kaube H, Dolan RJ, Frith CD (2004) Empathy for pain
involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science, 303, 1157–1162.
6. Wu D-A, Shimojo S, Wang SW & Camerer CF (2012) Shared visual attention reduces
hindsight bias. Psychol Sci. doi: 10.1177/0956797612447817, 2012.
7. Brockner J (1992) The Escalation of Commitment to a Failing Course of Action: Toward
Theoretical Progress. Acad Manage Rev 17, 39-61.
8. Schonberg T, Craig RF, Mumford JA, Congdon E, Trepel C & Poldrack RA (2012)
Decreasing ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity during sequential risk-taking: an fMRI
investigation of the balloon analog risk task. Frontiers in Neuroscience (Decision Science), 6, 80,
1-11, doi: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00080.
9. Chib V, De Martino B, Shimojo S & O’Doherty J (2012) Neural Mechanisms Underlying
Paradoxical Performance for Monetary Incentives are Driven by Loss Aversion. Neuron, 74,
582-594. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.038, 2012.

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[ PROFILE ]Shinsuke Shimojo (Professor, California Institute of Technology)

Professor Shimojo was born in Tokyo of 1955. His major fields are cognitive psychology and cognitive
neuroscience. He graduated from Tokyo University at 1978, and he received his Ph.D in experimental
psychology from MIT in 1985. Since 1998 he has been a professor of Biology Division –Computation &Neural Systems at California Institute of Technology, through an associate professor at Department of
Psychology / Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, Tokyo University. He
has published uncountable various articles and provided lectures in various international symposium. His
representative Japanese books, which have given a strong impact to our Japanese, are follows:“Beginning to See - Genesis of Mind, and The New Infant Science” (1988), “Adventure of Vision - From
Illusions to Sciences” (1995), “Subliminal mind – implicit aspects of the human” (1996), “What is‘consciousness’ – Plasticity of brain, and perceptual illusions” (1999), “Subliminal Impact –Contemporary world, emotional and implicitly cognitive” (2008). He won the best presentation award indivision of pattern recognition and modeling of perception from Japanese Society of Cognitive Science(1991), Suntory Prize for Publication in Social Sciences and Humanities (1999), Tokizane Memorial
Award from Japanese Neuroscience Society (2004) and Nakayama Grand Prix from Nakayama Press(2008). If you want to see his detailed curriculum vitae, check the following website：
http://neuro.caltech.edu/page/- 16 -

Keynote Address 2
Creating new knowledge in Human Healthwithin post-Fukushima context:
The International Atomic Energy Agency’s initiative

Rethy Chhem and Soveacha Ros
Division of Human Health,International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has a distinctive mandate to ‘‘accelerate andenlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health, and prosperity throughout the world’’.
The IAEA recognizes education and research as a key component of “readiness, response, andrecovery” with respect to a major nuclear accident. In this paper, we address an ongoing processof Division of Human Health (NAHU) of the IAEA in calling for a more comprehensive Scienceand Technology Studies (STS) approach to creating and mobilizing new knowledge into
collaborative education and research programmes and policy implementations as based on the
post-Fukushima recovery context. NAHU plays an instrumental role in this process. We discuss
an output from a consultancy meeting on “Global radiation medicine: Educational challenges foracademia” as grounded in a focus group methodology. As a result of the meeting, two
STS-oriented projects are being implemented. The first project aims to enhance global radiation
medicine education by building capacity of health professionals and medical students.
The second project aims to strengthen research cooperation in radiation disaster medicine
including post-traumatic stress disorders. NAHU involves both international and Japanese STS
and disaster studies experts as a way to integrate outsider and insider perspectives on the
Fukushima accident in order to activate the STS approach to construct new knowledge in
Human Health for health professionals, medical students, and specialists from relevant fields
such as sociology, anthropology, and psychology. To fill in the knowledge gap in this field, newknowledge creation can trigger “thick description” to add value to the emerging academic- 17 -

responses to the Fukushima context. The creation of new knowledge directly benefits Japan andpotentially assists other IAEA’s Member States with similar situations.
Key words: Science and Technology Studies (STS); Nuclear Accident; Fukushima;
International Atomic Energy Agency; Human Health[ PROFILE ]Rethy K. Chhem (Director, Division of Human Health, IAEA)

Dr. Chhem was born in Cambodia. He holds a medical degree from the University of Paris VI, a PhD in
education and a PhD in history, both from the University of Montreal. For the last 20 years, he taught
radiology at the University of Sherbrooke, McGill University, and University of Western Ontario in
Canada and at the National University of Singapore. His history thesis was on medicine and public healthin 13th century in the Khmer empire at Angkor. He was the former Chair of radiology and nuclear
medicine at the University of Western Ontario. He is currently the director of the Division of Human
Health at the International Atomic Energy Agency and is a guest professor at the Medical University of
Vienna and Ulm University. He has published 9 books with one on Paleoradiology of mummies andfossils. His current research encompasses the history and philosophy of medicine and science with afocus on medical imaging, paleoradiology, Angkorian medicine and natural history in Southeast Asia.
For more curriculum vitae, check the following website:
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60082-2/- 18 -

Lecture 1
Rehabilitating Living Conditions after a Nuclear Accident:
Lessons from Experience
Jacques Lochard
Nuclear Protection Evaluation Centre (CEPN)
Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

The sudden irruption of radioactivity in the close environment of a population, whether
resulting from accidents or malevolent events or discoveries of consequences from past
activities, is creating a new reality which is altering all aspects of individuals’ living conditionsof those affected: psychological, health, social, economic and cultural. The experience in thecontaminated territories by the Chernobyl catastrophe in Europe has revealed that the daily
confrontation with such situation over years is progressively creating a general feeling of loss ofcontrol and insecurity which is difficult to solve by just introducing radiological norms andcountermeasures. The prescriptive and normative traditional modes of administrative
management are unable to properly address the complexity of the problems resulting from thecontamination. The radiological protection dimension tends to become dominant in the daily
choices concerning the living conditions of the inhabitants. Failing to be integrated into aqualitative approach of protection grounded on a shared knowledge of the radiological situationand its consequences, the prescriptions and norms gradually alienates these living conditions
without the possibility to rebuild safe and responsible new ones.
How to reduce the complexity characterizing a post-accident situation? How to avoid perverse
mechanisms introducing distrust, loss of confidence and the de-mobilization of the population?
These are the main challenges associated with the long-term rehabilitation of living conditions
in contaminated territories. The Chernobyl experience has demonstrated the necessity and also
the feasibility of the direct involvement of the inhabitants, the local authorities and the local
professionals in the long-term rehabilitation process to overcome the difficulties generated by
the presence of the contamination. However shifting from a centralized, top-down, prescriptive
and normative approach to a more decentralized, bottom-up and quality driven approach is not- 19 -

straightforward. In particular, there is a need to combine rehabilitation with sustainable
development and to adopt an integrated approach dealing with health, economic and social
development, environment, education and culture at the same time.

[ PROFILE ]Jacques Lochard (Director, Nuclear Protection Evaluation Centre (CEPN))

Jacques Lochard was educated in Economics at the University of Besançon-France (BS) andParis-Pantheon-Sorbonne (MS). After 3 years experience as a teacher he joined the Centre d’étude sur
l’Evaluation de la protection dans le domaine Nucléaire (CEPN) as a research associate in 1977 andbecame its director in 1989. CEPN is a non-profit organization, founded in 1976, for research andconsulting in the nuclear energy area in the evaluation of the technical, health economic and social
dimensions of radiation protection. The objective was to open the discipline to the social sciences and theemerging concepts of risk assessment and management (http://www.cepn.asso.fr/). His main contribution
in radiation protection has been in the development of methodologies for the implementation of the
optimisation principles. He has published many articles in scientific journals and in the proceedings ofinternational conferences covering both the theoretical and practical aspects of optimisation. He has been
President of the French Society of Radiation Protection (SFRP) from 1997 to 1999. He is also widely
involved in the international radiation protection scene. He is the Executive Officer of the International
Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) since 2000. He was the Chairman of the Committee on
Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency from 2005 to
2009. He joined ICRP in 1993 as secretary of Committee 3, became a member of Committee 4 in 1997
and it’s Chair in 2009. For more curriculum vitae, check the following website：
http://www.icrp.org/icrp_membership.asp- 20 -

Lecture 2
Detailed investigation of radionuclides distributions
caused by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster

Tokushi Shibata
Oarai-Laboartory, Chiyoda Technol Corporation
Narita, Oarai, Higashiibaraki, Ibaraki 311-1313, Japan

After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the detailed investigation of radionuclides wasindispensable for health protection of population in Fukushima and also remediation andcountermeasures of environment. The most concern on exposure effects on health of populationis the thyroid dose due to intake of 131I, because the experience of Chernobyl accident showed
short term functional thyroid changes and thyroid cancer effects.
Since the half-life of 131I is 8.0 days, the investigation of radionuclides distribution should becomplete as soon as possible. In these circumstances researchers in the nuclear physics field had
a first meeting to discuss what can be done for reconstruction supports for the disaster on March
16, 2011 at Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. They started the
supportive action to attend the screening for the people evacuated from the high dose rate area
which was conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT). During the supportive action for screening, they recognized the importance of detailed
investigation on distribution of radionuclides deposited on environment due to the disaster. The
investigation requires obtaining soil samples from many points and to measure the samples by
gamma-ray detectors. Since the number of samples needed to get enough information is an orderof about 10,000, the required number of people attending the sample collection and groups for
gamma-ray measurement are extremely large. This means that a big project involving many
people and organizations is required. Thus this project is desirable to be carried out incollaboration with many universities and research facilities. To promote the project, they workedon the Science Council of Japan to issue the emergency recommendation on the necessity of theinvestigation of radiation levels and distributions of radionuclides from the nuclear power plant- 21 -

accident. Their effort was successfully rewarded as the 2nd emergency recommendation“Regarding on the necessity of the investigation of radiation levels after the accident of the
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant” was issued on March 25, 2011. This recommendationencourages many people in universities and research facilities.
The head of Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), the University of Tokyo also announced their
participation in the supportive action on March 29, 2011. The researchers in fields of nuclear
physics, radiochemistry, health physics, geoscience, marine science had a meeting at the Schoolof Science, University of Tokyo on April 13, 2011 to discuss on the promotion of the detailed
investigation on radionuclides distribution caused by the accidents.
The project on the detailed investigation on radionuclides distribution was finally approved asa project of MEXT. The details of the MEXT project are 1) the soil sample collection points are
2 km mesh points in the area of 80 km from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power plant and 10
km mesh points between 80 km to 100 km form the Nuclear Power plant and 5 samples arecollected at each point, the positions of the collection points is measured by the GPS monitor, 2)
the method of soil sample collection should be follow the manual described by researchers of
the Tsukuba University, 3) the air dose rate at 1m above of the sample correction points ismeasured and 4) all the sample collected are sent to CNS then the samples are sent to theresearch facilities to be measured by Ge detectors. The project started on June 5 and continued
to June 15 as the 1st action, and 2nd action was from June 27 to June 30. The number of people
cooperated with the sample collection was 440 persons from 98 organizations of universities,
research facilities, medical institutes, private companies, and etc. The 60% of samples were
measured by the collaboration of 21 organizations of universities and research institutes, The
40% of samples were measured by Japan Chemical Analysis Center.
The other activity was measurement of air dose rate on the roads by the car loading a compact
measuring systems (KURAMA) consisting of a survey-meter and a communication device. The
system was newly developed by a group of the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute.
The radionuclides distribution maps of 89Sr, 90Sr, 129mTe, 110mAg, 131I, 134Cs, 137Cs, 238Pt, 239Pu
and 240Pu and the maps of air dose rate were published in the home page of MEXT.
This project was an unprecedented project involving many peoples from many organizations.
The successful achievement was completed by individual effort should be commended.

- 22 -

[ PROFILE ]Tokushi Shibata(Special Appointed Researcher at J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency)
Dr. Shibata received his PhD at Osaka University. After working for Osaka University, he became aprofessor at Tokyo University. Currently, he is an emeritus professor at Tokyo University, and a special
appointed researcher as well as safety adviser at J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency. He is
specialized in Nuclear Power Science, related to Physics, Integrated engineering, and Nuclear
engineering. For more curriculum vitae, check the following website :http://researchmap.jp/read0170735/?lang=english- 23 -

- 24 -

Lecture 3
Inventories of radionuclides in wetland ecosystems
in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
Seiichi Nohara
Ecosystem Function Assessment Section,
Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem,
National Institute for Environmental Studies,
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, JapanThe National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has conducted studies with aim tocontribute to understanding the long-term behavior of atmospherically-derived radionuclides
deposited on the ground by emission of radiation at the time of a nuclear accident of Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS). Present report reviews a series of studies among themwhich have especially dealt with the behavior of those radionuclides in wetland ecosystems. The
studies cited include investigations of the evaluation of the transport rate of theatmospherically-derived radionuclides from the ground via a river to the downstream area where
the affected water is consumed. The investigations in the Utagawa, Manogawa, Niidagawa andOhtagawa watershed with 134+137Cs has validated 1) the importance of suspended solids (SS) in
the fluvial discharge of those radionuclides, and 2) to estimate the discharge of thoseradionuclides based on regression analysis with the river flow rate. NIES also investigated thevertical profiles of 134+137Cs in sediment core samples obtained from four rivers and brackish
wetlands situated north direction from the FDNPS. From a viewpoint of their distribution amongwater, suspended solids, sediment, aquatic plants and benthic animals and fishes, the form ofradionuclides released by the accident in rivers and brackish wetlands were analyzed.

- 25 -

There were several peaks of water level in the Utagawa, Manogawa, Niidagawa and Ohtagawa
rivers because of heavy rain on the mountainous land and farmland in 2012. Those heavy rains
led flooding and high concentration of suspended solids adsorbed with 134+137Cs. The maximum
134+137
Cs in suspended solids was about 20 Bq/L in Niidagawa in April 2012. The concentration
134+137of
Cs in suspended solids had two peaks to respond to flooding in 2012. The verticalprofiles of 134+137Cs in wetland sediment in four rivers had also cleary two peaks (Fig.1).

Fig.1 Vertical profiles of 134+137Cs in wetland sediment
On the other hand, the vertical distribution of 134+137Cs in Matsukawaura tidal flat ofdownstream of Utagawa River had one peak. The concentration of 134+137Cs in tidal flat
sediment in Matsukawaura tidal flat was extra-high level in muddy sediment such as closed-off
section of tidal flat. Those areas were secondary hotspots of radionuclides.
The accumulation of 134+137Cs in tidal flat sediment was decreased with distance from FDNPS.
The concentration of 134+137Cs in tidal flat sediment in Niidagawa River (6,000 Bq/wet kg) was
higher than other tidal flats in March 2012. The concentration of 134+137Cs in wetland sedimentin Niidagawa River (800 Bq/wet kg) was maximum in four wetland sediments in June 2012.
The concentration of 134+137Cs of aquatic plant in wetlands in Niidagawa River (400 Bq/ dry kg)
was also higher than other wetland sites in June 2012.
The accumulations of 134+137Cs in aquatic benthic animal and fish were taken on a different
posture like no other. The concentrations of 134+137Cs of fresh fish (4,900 Bq/ wet kg), shrimp(2,700 Bq/wet kg) and crab (381 Bq/wet kg) in Ohtagawa River were higher than other rivers in
April 2012. The accumulation of 134+137Cs in aquatic benthic animals and fishes was decreased
with distance from FDNPS.
These data will be useful background information to assess the concentrations in many rivers
and tidal flats in Tohoku district of artificial radionuclides released from the FDNPS. The
obtained findings and the methodologies in these studies will be important in quantifying
environmental affections caused by a broad, radioactive contamination in wetland ecosystems ofdownstream environment which might become threatening in future.

- 26 -

[ PROFILE ]Seiichi Nohara(Head of Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies (Ecosystem Function Research
Section) )Dr. Nohara's expertise lies in wetland ecology, plant ecology, analysis of stable isotopes, andenvironmental assessment. He has visited most of the waterfronts in Japan, including Kushiro Marsh,
Akai Wetland, Ozegahara Marsh, Miomote River, Lake Kasumigaura, Hinuma Bog, Banzu Natural Tidal
Flat, Ise Bay, and Ishigaki Island. He has devoted his life to the study of red snow in early spring andElodea nuttallii in summer in Oze Swamp. Recently, he has been working on biodiversity research. He is
also working on a survey of anthropogenic influences on ecosystem functions by extracting the unit
construction of salt marshes, tidelands, and marine forests in estuaries from landscape ecological andhydrogeomorphological perspectives using airplane remote sensing, and by clarifying material
circulation functions, including primary production and degradation rates, and distribution andcommunity structures for each unit. For more curriculum vitae, check the following website:
http://www.nies.go.jp/rsdb/vdetail-e.php?id=100147- 27 -

- 28 -

Lecture 4
Medical Management of Radionuclide Internal Contaminationin Mass Casualty Scenarios Involving Fission Products, Such as in
Nuclear Power Plant Accidents

Albert L. Wiley, Jr., BNE, MD, PhD, FACR
Emeritus Professor, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison
Medical/Technical Director, REAC/TS
Head of WHO Collaborating Center at Oak Ridge
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
1299 Bethel Valley Road, MS-39
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830

Some medical countermeasures are available for mitigation or aversion of the radiation dosefrom radiations from fission product radionuclides which have entered the body throughinhalation ingestion, skin or open wounds. Such intakes of radionuclides then subsequently enter
the systemic circulation and are incorporated into organs and may thereby cause stochastic(primary cancer) and even deterministic risks. In the case of a dirty bomb or a Nuclear Power
Plant (NPP) accident contamination and incorporation might occur from inhaling fission
products as the plume fallout descends or from the subsequent resuspension of the fallout on the
ground, or from ingesting contaminated water or food contaminated. The initial challenge is todetermine the type and quantity of radionuclide(s) causing the internal contamination and thento medically triage for those who should be treated and who should be treated first with theappropriate radionuclide specific medical countermeasure(s) as an attempt to mitigate theintegrated dose which would occur if the individual is left untreated. Suitable drugs andprocedures are currently available for the treatment of most radionuclide intakes. These
countermeasures essentially work by reducing the residence times of radionuclides in the bodyor organ which in some cases, if untreated, could be as long as for the lifetime of the patient.
The exact spectrum of hundreds of fission products produced in a NPP accident varies
somewhat depending on whether the NPP fuel is uranium or plutonium based.
But, some of the more medically significant metabolically active radionuclides distributed into
the environment, following NPP accidents, are the various isotopes of iodine, cesium, strontium,- 29 -

plutonium and uranium (predominately I-131, Cs-137, Cs-134, Sr-90, Pu-239 and U-238 or 235).
Albert Einstein even in 1942 cautioned about the possible threat to human life from the releaseof radionuclides into the environment.
There are some general categories of medical countermeasure drugs. Specifically,
decorporating and blocking agents may be tailored to internally contaminating radionuclide (s)of concern. In fission product producing scenarios, the use of concurrent multiple drug
combinations at times may even be necessary. These countermeasures are used to avert andreduce the long term dose (the committed effective dose equivalent, CEDE) to the body fromthe presence of the contaminating radionuclides, which essentially work by increasing theelimination rate of the nuclide from the body into the urine, stool or by blocking its uptake, orboth. Some medical countermeasure work very simply such as for the treatment of tritium, forexample, where all one needs to do is drink three (3) to four (4) liters of water a day to facilitate
the rate of tritium excretion.
Other drugs are more complex in their mechanism of action such as Prussian Blue (ferric
ferrocynate) which when given in oral capsules binds to cesium isotopes in the gastrointestinal
tract and thereby interrupts the normal hepato-enteric cycle of Cs.
Specifically when Cs combines with the Prussian Blue in the GI tract, this Cs/PB complex
becomes insoluble in the GI tract and is then eliminated via fecal excretion.
Fig 1 is an example of the efficacy of such treatment where in the Goiaia Cs-137 accident
many were internally contaminated; but, they were successfully treated with Prussian Blue ie.,the biological half life of the Cs-137(and the consequent committed dose) was reduced byapproximately 50%.

Goiania Data

Fig.1
- 30 -

Chelating drugs (such as Ca and Zn diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) which chemicallycombine in the blood stream with actinides (i.e., plutonium, americium, californium, andcurium) develop a soluble complex which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine, thereby
preventing deposition of the actinide in target organs (bones and liver), if the DTPA is given
early enough following the intake.
Fig. 2 demonstrates the committed dose to liver, lung and bone surface, if an inhalation of
Plutonium is not treated early enough with DTPA.

Fig. 2
Potassium iodide (KI) acts as a blocking agent by replacing uptake of the Iodine (I-131) bystable Iodine in the target organ (thyroid) during the synthesis of thyroid hormones. I-131 is amuch greater risk to children under 18 years old and to the fetus than to adults. It is essential that
this age group of people be treated with KI either before exposure, or within a few hours after
exposure, (as was demonstrated in the Chernobyl accident where the incidence of thyroid cancer
in the younger age groups was many times above the normal rate).
Radioisotopes of Strontium can be mitigated by giving calcium containing drugs (such as
intravenous Ca-gluconate) where the Ca completes with or displaces Sr in the target organ(bone) metabolism. Oral administration of sodium alginate or calcium phosphate also helps tomitigate any Sr which is initially inghaled , as well as any Sr isotopes (Sr-90, Sr-89 primarily)
which are ingested (primarily from milk).
Uranium can be mitigated generally by relatively simple drugs such as oral or intravenous
sodium bicarbonate or some diuretics like acetozolamide. The bicarbonate ion complexes in the- 31 -

blood with the uranium and forms a uranyl/bicarbonate complex which is excreted in thealkalinized urine is enriched with U-235 to about 10-15%, it is not significant radiologicalhazard; but, it is a chemical hazard since it can cause damage to renal tubules..
Generally, metabolically active Nuclear Power Plant produced fission products are particulate(except for Iodine which is volatile) and strong beta emitters which can therefor injure the skinand eyes. Large particles (>10 microns) are generally not highly soluble chemical compounds
and deposit in the upper trachea/bronchial tree and significant respiratory hazards are therefore
unlikely to pose short-term deterministic effects from internal contamination by inhalation on
populations. The stochastic risks to populations exposed, however, may be significant andeventually need to be addressed after the early phase emergency measures, such as shelter inplace and/or evacuation, have implemented.
Accordingly, as part of the US medical preparedness for possible IND scenarios, the Strategic
National Stockpile (SNS) was advised to stock KI, Prussian Blue, Ca and Zn –DTPA (Ref. 7).
The medical/public health requirements and logistics for mass casualty medical management ofinternal contamination with medical countermeasures are complex. The radionuclides ofconcern will initially need to be specifically identified; and the populations at risk will then need
to be triaged with respect to who needs treatment --and, who needs it first. Additionally, thequestion of when to stop treatment can also be complex. (The answers to such questions are also
very scenario dependent, since some countermeasures should be started earlier than others).
Special laboratories (private, DOE, CDC, EPA) need to be prepared to handle large numbers ofbioassay specimens (urine, feces, etc); there will also be a need for whole body, lung and thyroid
counting equipment.
A new operational quantity, CLINICAL DECISION GUIDANCE (CDG), has recently been
defined and proposed as an operational tool in NCRP161 to facilitate mass casualty managementof internal contamination.
The CDG is defined as the maximum, once-in –a lifetime intake of a radionuclide which
represents: “Stochastic risk”, as judged by the calculated Effective Dose (ED) over 50 years forintake by adults (and to age 70 by children) that is in the range of risks associated with guidanceon dose limits for emergency situations (DOE, 2008, FEMA, 2008, ICRP, 1991, NCRP, 2005)
and, based on these recommendations, the numerical values in tables are developed for 30
radionuclides (excluding Iodine isotopes). The basis for computing the CDG values for these 30
different radionuclides in adults are dose thresholds of 0.25 Sv (25 rem) for consideration ofstochastic risks –and, a 30day RBE –weighted absorbed –dose value of .25 Gy (25 rad-Eq ) for
consideration of deterministic effects to the lungs.

- 32 -

Thus, the intake for intake of a radionuclide (other than iodine) in the adult CDG is the
maximum intake which satisfies these dose constraints for the causing stochastic anddeterministic effects, which may be expressed as:

The CDG was developed primarily as a tool for helping treating private community physicians(most of whom are not accustomed to health physics units and terminology) to decide onwhether or not to treat an internally contaminated person with dose averting drugs, through theuse of the simple CDG tables in NCRP161, which correlate increasing radiological risks withincreasing CDG values, as obtained from routine clinical bioassays, such as the patient’s urine
activity (routinely reported in Bq).
In summary, internal contamination treatment with medical countermeasures is not theimmediate, high medical priority following a mass casualty fission product contamination
scenario since trauma, burns, etc. are the more important immediate, life- saving concerns.
Appropriate early sheltering and or evacuation, as well as embargo of contaminated water/milk/food, provides the best preventive medicine for protection from internal contamination.
The main deterministic risk in such fission product scenarios is primarily limited to the
neo-natal thyroid and the thyroid of children <18yo. There will, however, be long term,
medically serious stochastic risks from internal contamination; and, this will require thetreatment of many people by many physicians who are not trained to use radiation medical
countermeasures (ie., dose averting drugs); and this will also require the “just in time” educationof many private community physicians on the use of these drugs, including teaching them how
to use the CDG tool.
Finally, further estimation of combined external and internal dose and consequent stochastic
risk to the general population, in such mass casualty scenarios, dicentric and micronucleui
biodosimetry of peripheral lymphocytes may be useful and will also be discussed.

- 33 -

General References
Waselenko, J, MacVittie, T, Blakley, W, Pesik, N, Wiley, A, Dickerson, W, Tsu, H, Confer, D,
Coleman, C, Seed, T, Lowry, P, Armitage, J, Dainiak, N, “Medical Management of the Acute
Radiation Syndrome: Reccommendations of the Strategic National Stockpile Working Group”,
Annals of Internal Medicine, 140(12), pp.1037-1051.
Bair,WJ., Bolch,WE, Dickerson,WE, Eckerman, KF, Goans, R, Karam, A, Leggett, RW,
Lipsztein, JL, Stabin, MG, Wiley, AL , “Management of Persons Contaminated with
Radionuclides: Handbook, Vol. 1 & 2)”, NCRP REPORT NO. 161 (2010).

[ PROFILE ]Albert Lee Wiley (Technical Director, REAC/TS)

Albert L. Wiley, Jr., BNE, MD, PhD is the Medical and Technical Director at REAC/TS and Head, WHO
Collaborating Center at Oak Ridge. His professional career began as a Nuclear Engineer with a Bachelorof Nuclear Engineering and an AEC (ORINS) sponsored fellowship for nuclear engineering graduate
studies at North Carolina State University. He worked in the nuclear industry prior to obtaining an MD
degree from University of Rochester School of Medicine, and later a PhD in Radiological Sciences(radiobiology) from the University of Wisconsin Graduate School of Letters & Science. He received
residency training in Radiation Therapy & Nuclear Medicine at the University of Wisconsin Medical
Center and at the Stanford University Medical Center in Palo Alto, Calif. He is currently Professor
Emeritus at the Department of Radiology & Human Oncology at the University of Wisconsin – Madison
and was, prior to coming to REAC/TS, professor and chairman of the Department of Radiation Oncology,
and Cancer Center interim Director at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC. He has over 180 journal,
book and abstract publications in radiation oncology, nuclear medicine, radiobiology and radiation
medicine. In recent years he has served as the medical team leader on NNSA sponsored training andexercises in Iraq, Kuwait, Korea, South Africa, Morocco, Vienna (IAEA), Argentina, Israel, Mexico,
Ukraine, Singapore and Japan. He is also a retired member of the USN Reserve (retired). For morecurriculum vitae, check the following website;
http://orise.orau.gov/reacts/symposium/speakers/Wiley.html- 34 -

Lecture 5
Radiobiology in the Context of Radiation Protection
During a Radiological Event

Tom K. Hei, Ph.D.
Center for Radiological Research,
Department of Radiation Oncology,
Columbia University Medical Center,
New York, NY 10032 U.S. A.

Radiation is ubiquitous in our environment. Exposure to ionizing radiation from man-madesource such as nuclear medicine and diagnostic radiology now overtakes environmental radon as
the principal source of background radiation to humans. Since the devastating event of
September 11th, 2011 in New York City where the World Trade Center twin towers weredestroyed with the loss of more than 2,600 lives by a terrorist act, there has been increasing
concern of a radiological incidence in the mind of citizens and governmental agencies aroundthe world. As a result, emergency management programs have been set up in many countries onways to respond to such a nuclear threat. While threat from nuclear device is remote and frompower plant accidents such as Chernobyl and, more recently, from Fukushima Daiichi is rare,threat from radioactive dispersal devices is real. Fortunately, the extent of the radiation dosefrom these devices is likely to be small and the exposure range is limited. Nonetheless, thepsychological factor and the panic response from the public are going to be huge. As such, acritical issue in risk management is a balance between overreaction and responsible measure andthis is particularly true in radiation induced cancer incidence.
Radiation is a well established human carcinogen. The life time cancer mortality risk fromradiation, based on epidemiological data from the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, is estimatedto be 0.05 per sievert. However, direct characterization of risk at lower doses is at or beyond thelimits of epidemiology. Cancer risks from exposure to ionizing radiation clearly increases atdose above 10 cGy and no obvious threshold dose is detectable. At doses below 10 cGy, aconceivable dose involving a radioactive dispersal device, the radiobiological effects are rather- 35 -

complex and are subjected to modulations by various competing forces including bystander
effects, adaptive response, genomic instability and genetic susceptibility of the exposed
individuals. Radiation-induced bystander effects suggest that cells and tissues that are outside of
the irradiation field may also contribute to the biological consequences of exposure to low dosesof radiation. Although cyclooxygenase-2 and reactive radical species have been shown to beimportant in mediating the bystander/non-targeted response, it is likely that multiple pathways
are involved and that different cell types respond differently to the bystander signalling.
Furthermore, the observations that heritable DNA alterations can be propagated to cells many
generations after radiation exposure and that bystander cells exhibit genomic instability in ways
similar to directly hit cells indicate that the low dose radiation response is a complex interplay ofvarious modulating factors.
On the other spectrum, adaptive response is characterized by a reduction in radiobiologicalresponse in cells pretreated with a low dose of ionizing radiation (generally ≤ 10cGy) followedby exposure to a challenging, higher dose. There is evidence that adaptive response can mitigate
the bystander response in mammalian cells. Thus, these two events appear to operate in different
directions. In general, there are more similarities than differences between the two phenomena.
Both are primarily low dose phenomenon and neither of them shows a dose response inductionof effects. Both the adaptive response and the bystander effect have been demonstrated by arange of biological endpoints and both phenomena involve signals that mediate through either
gap junctions or soluble mediators.
A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these low dose phenomena
will allow us to formulate a more accurate model for assessing the health effects of low doses ofionizing radiation and to address the modern day radiological risk challenge using anevidence-based approach.

- 36 -

[ PROFILE ]Tom Hei (Professor and Vice-Chairman of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University
Medical Center)

Dr. Tom Hei received his B.Sc. (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater and
his Ph.D. in experimental pathology from Case Western Reserve University. He has been on the facultyof Columbia University since 1983 and is currently Professor of Environmental Health Sciences in the
Mailman School of Public Health and Deputy Director of the NIEHS Center for Environmental Health inNorthern Manhattan. Dr. Hei’s primary appointment is Professor and Vice-Chairman of Research in
Radiation Oncology and the Associate Director of the Center for Radiological Research in the College ofPhysicians and Surgeons. Dr. Hei has several adjunct professorships in both China and Japan.
Dr. Hei is internationally recognized for his expertise in the asbestos and fiber toxicology field. His
asbestos research program, funded continuously by the National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences for more than 15 years, has made major contributions in our understanding of the basic
molecular mechanism of how asbestos induces cancer through the induction. For more curriculum vitae,
check the following his website:
http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/radoncology/crr/hei.htm- 37 -

- 38 -

Abstracts
Poster session

February, 11, 2013
9:00-10:20
International Conference Center
Hiroshima
Room : Dahlia 2- 39 -

- 40 -

1

Identification of integrin 3 L718P mutation in a pedigree with autosomal
dominant thrombocytopenia with anisocytosis
Yoshiyuki Kobayashi1)2), Hirotaka Matsui1), Akinori Kanai1), Miyuki Tsumura2),
Mizuka Miki2), Kazuhiro Nakamura2), Toshiya Inaba1) and Masao Kobayashi2).
1)

Department of Molecular Oncology and Leukemia Program Project,
Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine and2)
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences,
Hiroshima University

IIb3 integrin mutations that result in the complete loss of expression of this molecule cause
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. This is usually an autosomal recessive, while other rare mutations cause
dominantly inherited thrombocytopenia. Here we report a 4-generation pedigree affected by dominantly
inherited thrombocytopenia. Six individuals of them carry a non-synonymous ITGB3 gene T2231C
alteration resulting in integrin 3-L718P.
The proband was a 4-year old girl who presented with mild bleeding tendency. Her platelet countwas 49-72 x109 /L with marked platelet anisocytosis and macrothrombocytes. Platelet aggregation wasmarkedly reduced and the IIb3 expression level was 50-60% of the healthy control. To isolate acandidate gene alteration responsible for the thrombocytopenia, whole exome sequencing analysis was
performed using genomic DNA obtained from four affected individuals of the pedigree. Among the 90
non-synonymous alterations commonly found in the affected individuals, we focused on theheterozygous integrin 3-L718P mutation.
Resting platelets from affected individuals showed a mild but significant increase of aligand-mimicking PAC-1 binding relative to healthy individuals. However, in ADP-treated platelets
carrying the mutation, only a small increase of affinity to PAC-1 was observed. These findings suggestthat IIb3-L718P is partially activated in the absence of inside-out signals such as ADP, butnevertheless cannot be fully activated in the presence of stimulating signals. This was confirmed by anexperiment using CHO cells expressing IIb3-L718P.
In summary, identification of a pedigree showing autosomal dominant inheritance leads to a model
whereby the integrin 3-L718P mutation contributes to thrombocytopenia most likely throughgain-of-function mechanisms.

- 41 -

2

Analysis of binding site of ubiquitin ligase, human double minute 2
in integrin β8 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma cell lines
Taishi Sakaue1, Yasutaka Hayashido3, Tomoaki Hamana2,
Takahiko Fujii1,Tetsuji Okamoto2
1

Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery,
Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences,
Hiroshima University
2
Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery,
Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences,
Hiroshima University
3
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital[Introduction]
We have shown that integrin β8 was ubiquitinated by human double minute 2 (Hdm2), E3
ubiquitin ligase, and degradated by proteasome in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. In
present study, we examined the binding site of Hdm2 in integrin β8.
[Experimental procedures]
To detect the interaction between β8 and Hdm2, mammalian two-hybrid assay was performed.
β8 and Hdm2 genes were subcloned into pVP16 vector, a vector for the transcriptional activation
domain of VP16 and pM vector, a vector for the DNA-binding domain of the GAL4, respectively.
Several deletion mutants of β8 subcloned into pVP16 were constructed by inverse PCR. The β8deletion mutants, pM vector subcloned with Hdm2, and pG5SEAP reporter vector were co-transfected
into A431, human vulval SCC cells.

After 48 h of transfection, the secreted alkaline phosphatase(SEAP) activity in the conditioned medium was measured.
[Results and Conclusion]
The mammalian two-hybrid assay using the β8 deletion mutants indicated that the deletion of
the amino acids 481-576 of β8 led to significant loss of interaction with Hdm2, suggesting that thebinding site of Hdm2 exists in EGF-like repeat domains in integrin β8 subunit leg.

- 42 -

3

Generation of disease-specific human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells fromdental pulp cells of a patient with Cleidocranial dysplasia in serumand feeder-free culture.
2
Hanae Mukasa1, Sachiko
Yamasaki1,2, Yuki Taguchi1, Akira Simamoto3,
3
Hidetoshi Tahara ,Tetsuji Okamoto

1 Dept. of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery,
Division of Frontier Medical Medical Medical Sciences,
Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
2 Dept. of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Applied Life
Siences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
3 Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Basic Life Sciences,Inst. of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University

BACKGROUND：The recent advances in the induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell research have been
focused on not only on regenerative medicine but also on drug discovery and developmental biology.
Human iPS cells are commonly maintained on inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblast as feeder cells in
medium supplemented with FBS or proprietary replacements. Use of culture media containing undefinedor unknown components has limited the development of applications for pluripotent cells because of therelative lack of knowledge regarding cell responses to differentiating growth factors. In the field ofgenetic diseases, iPS cells have become an appealing choice for elucidate pathogenesis and treatments. In
this study, we generated disease-specific iPS cells derived from dental pulp cells of a patient with
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). CCD is an autosomal dominant inherited skeletal disease characterized
by hypoplastic or absent clavicles, increased head circumference, large fontanels, dental anomalies, andshort stature, caused by mutations in Runx2 (Cbfa1) which shows the abnormal differentiation of bone
and cartilage.
METHODS AND RESULTS：We have successfully generated disease-specific human iPS cells fromdental pulp cells of a CCD patient using Yamanaka’s factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) withretroviral vectors in serum- and feeder-free defined medium on fibronectin-coated culture condition.
CCD-iPS cells retained the property of self-renewal and have an undifferentiated phenotype by virtue ofthe expression of Oct3/4, Nanog, Sox2, Esg1, Rex-1 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Furthermore, we
found that CCD-iPS cells express several human embryonic stem cell marker proteins. It has been
confirmed that CCD-iPS cells could differentiate into all three germ layers in embryoid body formation
assay in vitro and teratoma formation in vivo. To identify the differentiation ability of CCD-iPS cells, weevaluated their osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation activities. It has been revealed that ALP
activity exhibited a striking impairment in osteogenic differentiation of CCD-iPS derived cells comparedto that of wild-type human iPS derived cells. Difference in chondrogenic activity was further confirmed
by Alcian Blue staining and proteoglycans synthesis. This impairment was further supported by real-time
PCR analysis of chondrogenic marker genes such as RUNX2, collagen2A1, and collagen10A1.
CONCLUSIONS：We have developed a serum-free defined medium for establishing and culturing hiPS
cells, can maintain proliferation, self-renewal and pluripotency without using feeder cells. As this simple
serum-free adherent monoculture system will allow us to elucidate the cell responses to growth factors
under defined conditions, and can eliminate the risk might be brought by undefined pathogens. By using
this culture system, we have successfully established disease specific iPS cells from Cleidocranial
dysplasia patient. Further characterization of the cells in the serum-and feeder-free culture would be
beneficial to clarify the molecular mechanism involved in the disease.

- 43 -

4

Participation of heterodimer formation with integrin αv subunit in the stability ofintegrin β8 subunit in squamous cell carcinoma cells
Takahiko Fujii1, Yasutaka
Hayashido3, Tomoaki Hamana2, Taishi Sakaue1
2
Tetsuji Okamoto1

Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery,
Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences,
Hiroshima University
2
Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery,
Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences,
Hiroshima University
3
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital[Introduction]
Integrins were heterodimeric transmembrane receptors for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins,which are consisted with one α subunit and one β subunit. Formation of the α/β heterodimer isessential for the expression and the function of integrins on cell surfaces.
Our previous study has shown that the expression of integrin β8 subunit is regulated byubiquitin-proteasome system in some oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. In present study,
we examined the effect of the formation of α/β heterodimer on the stability of β8 subunit in SCC cells.
[Experimental procedures]
Integrin αv gene was subcloned into mammalian expression vector pCI-neo, and the resultant
plasmid was termed as pCI/neo-αv. Human vulval SCC cell line A431, which expresses little
amount of mRNAs of integrin αv and β8, was transfected with pCI/neo or pCI/neo-αv, and A431mockor A431αv were isolated, respectively.
tetracycline(Tet)

inducible

Next A431mock and A431αv were transfected with aexpression

vectorpCDNA4/TO

containing

β8

gene,

and

A431mock/β8-On and A431αv/β8-On were isolated. Altered expression of β8 protein induced bytetracycline was examined in A431mock/β8-On and A431αv/β8-On.
[Results ]Treatment with Tet induced the expression of β8 protein in both A431mock/β8-On andA431αv/β8-On.

Sequential cultivation in the absence of Tet led to a gradual decrease in theexpression of β8 protein in A431mock/β8-On, and almost complete loss of β8 protein was observed
after 12h. In contrast, the cultivation without Tet has no influence on the expression of β8 protein in
A431αv/β8-On.
[Conclusion]
β8 subunits induced by Tet in A431mock/β8-On might exist as a monomer because of theinsufficiency of αv subunits available for forming αvβ8 heterodimer. In contrast, β8 subunit induced
by tetracycline in A431αv/β8-On dimerizes with abundantly expressed αv subunit. The possibility
should be considered that β8 dimerized with αv is stable compare to β8 monomer by the escape fromubiquitin-proteasome system.

- 44 -

5

The Role and Issues of the NPOs/ NGOs for the Disaster Revival
TakayukiNakamura

Graduate Student, Graduate School of Social Sciences,

Hiroshima University

BackgroundWe have a serious situation caused by the radiation hazard of the first Fukushima nuclear plant
accident. Until the stage at urgent relief led to revival, the NPOs/ NGOs worked to support people
and society in stricken areas.
Study purpose:
Overlooking the activities by the NPOs/ NGOs, their organization system itself, resources tobe utilized and the way how you worked will be examined and clarified.
Methods(i)Analytical work of reports and documents published, (ii)Hearing survey to the NPOs/ NGOs staffs ,the people, volunteer group at the stricken areas, and municipal government.
Results
The following things have been clarified:(i)Activities in ten specific areas–utilization of the experience and professional knowledge of
NPOs/NGOs, (ii)New networks created, (iii)Restoration of community, and (iv)Buildingof

multi-cultural symbiosis society.
At the same time, some limitations should be indicated below:(i)Lack of tough organizational system and insufficient fund, (ii) Lack of vision and tactics,(iii)Lack of solidarity and adjustment, and (iv)Lack of communication.
Conclusions(1)The importance of capability reinforcement program and training for the human resources in theorganization system should be

proposed in the occasion of big disaster.

(2)The building of intense cooperative relationship between the NPOs/NGOs and national/ local
governmental departments is required,- 45 -

6

Can logging residuals be used for the conservation of small mammal communities
in Malaysian tropical forest ?
Satoru Yoshida (Hiroshima Univ)
Toshihiro Yamada (Hiroshima Univ)
Toshinori Okuda (Hiroshima Univ)
Tetsuro Hosaka (Tokyo Metro. Univ)
Siti Aisah Shamsuddin (FRIM)

Background
Natural fallen trees have important ecological functions in the tropical forests. As for small mammals
inhabiting Malaysian tropical forests, fallen trees play critical roles by creating their nests and feeds such as
insects. However, selective logging decreased abundance of natural fallen trees in a Australian tropical forests(DeWalt et al. 2003) and Yasuda et al. (2002) found that selective logging decreased the population of fallen
tree-depending small mammals even 50 years after logging in Pasoh, Peninsular Malaysia. Some studies
suggested the utilization of logging residuals for small mammal diversity (Thomas et al. 2012) or commercial
utilization (Michael et al. 2002). Thus, the purpose of this study is to clarify whether logging residuals
improve the diversity of small mammal community in logged forest.
Methods
Temengor Forest Reserve is located in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. Investigation was held in Aug 2012 at
Block5 in Temengor FR which was logged in 2010. We set 17 automatic cameras above each logging residualfor 10 days. For the control, we set 18 cameras on the ground at least 25 m apart from logging residuals. Small
mammals were identified into species or genus and counted the number of appearances per 10 days. Species
richness and Shannon-Wiener index (H’) were calculated per camera. Number of appearances, species
richness, and diversity index (H’) in two groups were compared by U-test.
Results
In total, we identified 8 species and 4 genera of small mammals. One species was excluded from the following
analysis because of small number of appearances. Species richness and diversity index (H’) were higher in thelogging residuals group than in the control groups (species richness; p < 0.001, diversity index (H’); p <0.001). Of 11 species and genera, 4 species and 3 genera were more frequently seen in the logging residuals
group, while 1 genus was more in the control group.
Conclusion
Logging residuals increased both species richness and diversity index (H’). These results suggest that logging
residuals can contribute to the conservation of small mammal community after logging. Focused on eachspecies, species increased with logging residuals tended to be arboreal or utilize fallen trees as nest. This may
show that logging residuals also have the same ecological functions as fallen trees. These results will help tocreate the developed forest management methods.

- 46 -

7

Effects of logging operation on soil CO2 efflux in a tropical rainforest
Takada, Momo1, Yamada, Toshihiro1, Okuda, Toshinori1, Liang, Naishen2,
Shamsudin, Ibrahim3
1

Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
National Institute for Environmental Studies
3
Forest Research Institute Malaysia
2

Background: Materials cycle in forest ecosystems affects the environment which relates to our life, andat the same time, the cycle is affected by artifactual disturbance such as forest logging and environmental
pollution by radiation…etc. Therefore, evaluating the effects is very important not only for understandingof materials cycle in forest ecosystems but also for our life.
We evaluated effects of logging operation on soil respiration which is CO2 efflux from soil surface
derived from root and heterotrophic respiration in a tropical rainforest. In this study, logging operationand carbon cycle were considered as artifactual disturbance and a component which is expected to beaffected by the disturbance, respectably. We divided the effects of logging operation into two categories:
1) logging roads construction and 2) selective logging inside forests.
Methods: The study site is located in Block 5, of the Perak Integrated Timber Complex (PITC)
Concession Forest in the Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia.
1) We established 35 m transects from the logging road into the forest and measured soil respiration at
6 points on each transect. In total, 25 transects were located within the study site. 2) We established a 20
× 100 m plot inside the forest and measured soil respiration two months before, five and eight months
after the logging operation.
Results and discussion
1) Logging roads construction
Values of soil respiration rate on logging road was significantly lower than those in forest(Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0322). This may be because the trees and the surface soil layer were removed
when the logging road was constructed.
2) Selective logging inside forests
The soil respiration rate after the logging operation was 19 % lower than that before the logging
operation (Friedman test, p < 0.001). This reduction in soil respiration rate may be due to the immediate
reduction of litter fall amount occurred fluctuation subsequently after the extraction of big canopy trees.
Conclusion
The carbon cycle was surely affected by logging operation although it was not very big change and it
should not be ignored.

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8

Effects of constructing logging roads on dung beetle communities in lower
mountain rain forest, Peninsular Malaysia
1*Niino, M., Okuda, T., Yamada, T., Hosaka, T.
2 Hosaka, T.
3 E, Butod., Z, Mustafa.
1 Hiroshima Univ.
2 Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.
3 FRIM (Forest Research Institute Malaysia)

Introduction
Selective logging is a mainstream logging method in tropical forests. Ecological effects of selective
logging in the tropics result from logging roads, skidders, and decks. However, few studies haveexamined the effects of logging roads. Dung beetles provide for their young by burying feces in the soil
with their eggs. This process drives ecological processes such as secondary seed dispersal and soil
improvement by increasing soil nitrification. Dung beetles have important role in the forest ecosystem.
And dung beetles are sensitive to change of a forest. Thus we investigated effects of roads on dung beetle
communities.
Study site & Methods
Field work was conducted in Temengor forest reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. We set 95 pitfall
traps with rain shields, baited with human feces (50 cc). We set 15 traps in decks (“M”), 15 traps inlogging roads (“L”), 15 traps in skidders (“S”), 10 traps at 10 m from decks or logging roads in forests(“10L”), 10 traps at 10 m from skidders (“10S”), 10 traps at 30 m from decks or logging roads (“30L”),
10 traps at 30 m from skidders (“30S”), 10 traps at 60 m from decks, logging roads or skidders (“60”) in
August 2012. Dung beetles were collected at 24 h intervals for two days.
Results
A total of 1286 individuals, belonging to 39 species in 11 genera and two families (Hybosoridae andScarabaeidae) were collected. The number of dung beetles and species richness in the forest (30L, 10S,
30S, 60) is significantly larger those than in roads and decks (M, L and S). The points of 10L was inside
the forests but the number of dung beetle and species richness did not show significant difference withthose M, L and S.
Conclusion
We understood that 10 m from logging roads to forest sites (10L) affected the number of dung beetles
and species richness. The percentage of logging roads are 3% in Block5, but if skidder, and areas of 10 mfrom logging roads are included , it will become about 14%. Selective logging occurred not only
deforestation and forest degradation by logged forests, but also affect forest ecosystem by constructedroads. When logging operations are conducted, not only logged intensity but also roads density showed
be considered.

- 48 -

9Comparison of detection characteristics of  - and X-ray detectors for the129
measurement of environmental radioactivity and identification of Te.
Tatsuro Taniguchi, Satoru Endo and Kiyoshi Shizuma
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University

Introduction
In the case of radiation disaster such as the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, rapid
radiation dose measurement and identification of radionuclides in the environment are necessary for public
safety. Gamma-ray spectrometer with a Ge semiconductor detector in low-background shielding is a typicaldevice for the radionuclide identification but liquid nitrogen is necessary for cooling. Thus, portable
scintillation detectors are normally used for in-situ measurement. The purpose of this study is to examine
portable detectors for the in-situ measurement of radioactivity in the environment.
Experimental
Two scintillators NaI(Tl)(φ51×51mm), CsI(10×10×10mm) and two semiconductor detectors
CZT(3×3×2mm) and Si-PIN(5mm2×0.5mm) are tested concerning to the energy resolution, detection

efficiency and availability for measuring X, and  -ray energy regions. In addition, these detectors are applied
to measure contaminated soil sample obtained from Iitate Village in Fukushima Prefecture..
Results and Discussion
Obtained results are summarized as follows;1) γ-ray energy region (50 keV-3 MeV): CsI(Tl) detector has better energy resolution of 6.7% than 11.4%.of
NaI(Tl). The efficiency of present NaI(Tl) is 4.71% which is better than 0.1163% of CsI(Tl),.
2) X-ray energy region (10-80 keV): Si-PIN detector has better energy resolution of 0.69% than 1.87% of
CZT. The detection efficiency of CZT is 0.085% which is better than 0.00483% of.Si-PIN’s,
3) Radionuclide measurement of Fukushima soil sample: 134Cs and 137Cs.are identified both CsI(Tl) andNaI(Tl) detectors. Peak separation is much better for former detector. Characteristic K-X-rays of Ba comingfrom decays of 134Cs and 137Cs are observed with both CZT and Si-PIN detectors. In addition, K-X-rays ofTe are clearly observed. This result indicates the existence of 129mTe ( half-life 33.5d ). which has muchhigher internal conversion rate in its decay process.
Conclusion

It is necessary to measure not only  -rays but X-rays for the radionuclide identification. CsI(Tl)scintillator and CZT semiconductor are profit for the measurement of  -rays but X-rays , respectively.

The radionuclide 129mTe released from the Fukushima reactor accident can be effectively detectable in the
X-ray measurement.

- 49 -

10

Nondestructive image analysis of ancient oriental bronze swords
by means of gamma-ray radiography
K. Miyauchi, K. Kageyama, T. Kajimoto, S. Endo and K. Shizuma
Graduate school of Engineering, Hiroshima University

Introduction
Gamma-ray radiography is a method to obtain transmission images of an object by using intense
irradiation source and two-dimensional image sensor such as imaging plate. This technique is especially
important for nondestructive analysis of cultural properties. The purpose of this work is to investigate theinternal structures and existence of defects induced during production procedure for three ancient oriental

bronze swords (owned by Faculty of Letters of Hiroshima University) through the non-destructive
gamma-ray radiography.
Experimental
Transmission images were obtained for 10-min irradiation from the source using an imaging plate
and

137

Cs gamma-ray irradiation source ( 0.61 TBq) equipped at Research Institute for Radiation Biology

and Medicine (RIRBM) , Hiroshima University. In addition, we have developed a scanning radiography
device to obtain transmission images of the swords using the high-intensity 60Co irradiation source (50.6
TB) of Faculty of Engineering.
Results and Discussion
Transmission images were successfully obtained using 137Cs gamma-ray irradiation source. A newly
developed scanning radiography using intense 60Co irradiation source were able to obtain transmission
images with same quality from three-minutes irradiation and scanning. It was found that ancient bronze
swords have iron cores in the grip of swords. Moreover, many coagulation defects were observed in thegrip part of the swords reflecting the production procedure of casting method.
Conclusion
Gamma-ray irradiation source of 137Cs at RIRBM can be applicable for the nondestructive analysisof thick metal samples having a few cm thickness. A scanning radiography using intense 60Co irradiation
source has been developed at Graduate School of Engineering. Transmission images of three kinds ofancient bronze swords revealed the existence of iron cores in the grip and many coagulation defects.
Gamma-ray radiography is one of useful techniques for nondestructive analysis of cultural properties.

- 50 -

11

Differential expression and identification of novel genes in scirrhous typegastric cancer, by CAST method
Htoo Zarni Oo 1, Naoya Sakamoto1, Naohiro Uraoka1, Katsuhiro Anami1,
Kazuhiro Sentani1, Naohide Oue1, Kazuyoshi Yanagihara2, Wataru Yasui1
1

Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of
Biomedical and Health Sciences
2
National Cancer Center, Japan

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Among histological subtypes,
scirrhous type GC is highly aggressive and has a worse prognosis because of its diffuse infiltration
pattern. Escherichia coli ampicillin secretion trap (CAST) method is a powerful technique to identify
novel genes that encode secreted or transmembrane proteins. The gene expression profiles were analyzed
in scirrhous GC cell line HSC-44PE and highly metastatic cell line 44As3 derived from HSC-44PE.
Among the candidate genes, ZDHHC14 (zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 14) showed higher
expression in 44As3 than in HSC-44PE. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopic analysis revealed thatZDHHC14 expression was more frequently observed in 44As3 than in HSC-44PE. High level of
ZDHHC14 expression was observed in 27% of GC samples by qRT-PCR. Cell invasion assay and MTT
assay revealed that ZDHHC14 affected invasion and growth capacity of GC cells, respectively. These
results indicate that ZDHHC14 is probably involved in invasion and growth capacity of GC cells.
ZDHHC14 might contribute in the process of peritoneal dissemination of the gastric cancer cells and is apotential therapeutic target for scirrhous type GC.

- 51 -

12

The utility of miR-143/miR-145 cluster as a potential marker forradiation-associated gastric cancer
Yutaka Naito, Naoya Sakamoto, Naohiro, Uraoka, Kazuhiro Sentani,
Naohide Oue, Wataru Yasui
Department of Molecular Pathology
Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences

To elucidate the mechanism and improvement in diagnosis, treatment and prevention ofradiation-related gastric cancer (GC), molecular analysis of GC among atomic-bomb survivors isimportant. In the present study, we analyzed expression profile of microRNAs in GCs among
atomic-bomb survivors by microRNA microarray and identified miR-143/miR-145 cluster with higher
expression in GCs from exposed cases in comparison with those from non-exposed cases. We
investigated whether miR-143/145 is useful as potential marker of radiation-associated GC. Quantitative
RT-PCR analysis confirmed that levels of miR-143 and miR-145 were significantly higher in exposed
GC cases than in non-exposed GC cases. We also investigated function of miR-143/miR-145 cluster in
GC. These miRNAs are expressed at higher levels in normal fibroblast or cancer-associated fibroblast
cell lines than in GC cell lines, indicating that major source of miR-143/miR-145 in cancer tissues isderived from stromal fibroblast rather than cancer cells. Furthermore, miR-143 and miR-145 knock down
repressed collagen type III and α-SMA expression, respectively, in fibroblast cell lines. These datasuggest that miR-143/miR-145 may be a marker of radiation-associated GC.

- 52 -

13

Study on hepatitis viral infection among school students in Cambodia
M.Fujimoto1, H.Yamada1, T.Akita1, O.Lim2, S.Hok2, J.Matsuo1, Y.Go1, S.H.Do1,
N.Goto3, K.Katayama1, S. Svay2, J. Tanaka1
1

Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hiroshima
University Institute Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,

2

Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 3Department of Management Studies,
Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan[Aim]
We investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) among school
students in Cambodia.
[Method]
Sero-epidemiological survey was performed in Sasar Sdam Elementary School in Siem Reap
province, Cambodia, in Feb. 2011 and Feb. 2012 among the 3rd grade students. With written consent
from parents, questionnaire survey and hepatitis screening were done. Hepatitis viral markers, quantity of
HBV DNA and HCV RNA, and genotyping were tested. This study is approved by the ethical committeeof Hiroshima University and that of Ministry of Health in Cambodia.
[Results]
Total number was 162 for questionnaire (74 males and 88 females), and 159 for hepatitis
screening(73 males and 86 females). Age distributed from 7 to 14 (average age:9.1±1.1 y.o). HBsAg
positive cases were 5 (3.1%, 95%CI:0.4-5.9%). They were all positive for HBV DNA, genotype C.
Anti-HBc was positive in 24 cases (15.1%, 95%CI:9.6-20.7%) and anti-HBs was positive in 23 cases(14.5%, 95%CI:9.0-19.9%). Only one case (0.6%, 95%CI:0.0-1.9%) was positive for anti-HCV, but
HCV RNA was not detected.
[Conclusion]
Prevalence of HBV carrier was 3.1%, and 76.7% of students were neither HBV carrier nor previous
HBV infected. Strategy for HBV infection is urgent problem even though universal vaccination was
introduced.

- 53 -

14

What collaborative work will be useful to support aged people’s health?
KazumiHIRAIWA

Graduate Student, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hiroshima University

Background
Health condition of aged people is very likely to go deterioration in stricken areas．
Study Purpose
The aim of this study is to propose schemes to provide aged people’s health care in stricken areas
through the analyses of collaborative issues among stakeholders．
MethodIn this study a collaborative model for supporting aged people’s health will be built referring to 55
cases reported at the Japan Society of Public Health 2011．Actual processes of disability prevention
project in Hiroshima Prefecture are analyzed using this model．The study areas are Shobara city andOsaki-kamijima town．The constitution ratio of elderly people is rather high in these two areas, but there
are rather few medical doctors．
Results
These actual process was divided into three stages, that is agenda-making , planning and execution
stages．The stakeholders for collaboration are administrative organizations, citizens, private sectors andresearch institutes．As a result of analysis, various findings are clarified depending on issues forcollaboration and process stages．
Conclusions
The results above mean that standardization and stiffness of projects should be avoided throughcollaborative work among stakeholders．This finding would supporting the health care in stricken areas.

- 54 -

15

The safety of radiation therapy for atomic bomb survivors with breast cancer.
Uranchimeg Tsegmed, Yoshiko Doi, Masahiro Kenjo, Junichi Hirokawa,
Ippei Takahashi, Ikuno Nishibuchi, Yuko Kaneyasu, Yuji Murakami,
Tomoki Kimura, Yasushi Nagata
Department of Radiation Oncology,
Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences

Purpose/Objective
Currently, atomic bomb survivors (ABS) who suffered from breast cancer are treated as same as usual
cancer patients. However, it remains unclear whether the adverse events (AE) of radiation therapy (RT)are increased or not. The aim of this study is to clarify the safety of RT for breast cancer patients who are
ABS.
Materials/Methods
We retrospectively investigated medical records of patients who received postoperative RT for breast
cancer at Hiroshima University Hospital from 2005 to 2010. We selected the ABS who were officiallycertified by the Japanese government. Thirty-four ABS (median age 67) were recruited in this study.
Median age at the time receiving ionizing radiation by atomic bomb was 4.5 years old.
Results
All patients completed planned RT and received standard dose. Median dose was 50 Gy. Medianobservation time was 53 months. Thirty patients were alive and 4 were dead. No patients died of AE.
In acute toxicity, Grade 3 or above AE were not identified. A one patient was detected late toxicity, Grade
3 Radiation pneumonitis. Four patients developed other malignancies during follow-up.
Conclusion
Notable incensements of AE were not observed during and after RT for ABS with breast cancer.
Standard dose can be administered safely to ABS with breast cancer.

- 55 -

16

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from dental pulp cells
in serum-free and feeder-free culture condition.
Yuki Taguchi1, Sachiko
Yamasaki2, Akira
Simamoto3, Hanae Mukasa1,
3
2
Hidetoshi Tahara , and Tetsuji Okamoto
1 Dept. of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Divisionof Frontier Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health
Sciences, Hiroshima University
2 Dept. of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Applied Life
Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
3 Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of
Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University

BACKGROUND：Human Embryonic Stem (hES) cells and human induced Pluripotent Stem (hiPS)
cells are commonly maintained on inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders (MEF) in fetal bovine
serum- or KSR-supplemented medium. However, one of the major obstacles to such uses for hiPS cells is
the risk of contamination from undefined pathogens in conventional culture conditions that use serum
replacement and MEF. Furthermore there is no consensus as to the optimal formulation, or the nature of
the cytokine requirements of hiPS cells to promote their self-renewal and inhibit their differentiation.
Previously, we have developed a growth factor-defined serum-free medium designated hESF9, for theculture of human ES cells. This medium permits their prolonged culture in an undifferentiated state
without feeder cells.
OBJECTIVE：This study aims to generate hiPS cells from dental pulp cells in serum-free andfeeder-free defined culture condition to elucidate the nature of the cytokine requirements of the cells to
promote their self-renewal and inhibit their differentiation.
METHODS AND RESULTS：We first tried to generate hiPS cells from TIG-3 (human lung fetus
origin fibroblast) cells with four factors: Oct3/4, Sox2, KLF-4,and c-Myc in hESF9 serum-free medium.
Eighteen days after transduction, the hES-like cells formed flat colonies, exhibited morphology similar tothat of human ES cells, and characterized by large nuclei and scant cytoplasm on fibronectin (FN)
-coated dish in hESF9 medium. We next examined the generation of hiPS cells from dental pulp cells on
FN-coated dish in serum-free hESF9 medium. After 18 days, the colonies with hES-like cells wereobserved. We picked the colonies up and continued cultivating in hESF9 on FN-coated dishes. These
colonies possessed ES cell-like morphology, proliferation activities, hES cell-specific surface antigens
such as Oct3/4, Nanog, Tra-1-61 and Tra-1-80, and expressed undifferentiated ES cell-marker genes suchas Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog, ESG1, Rex1 and DPPA2. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that these cells
could differentiate into cell types of the three germ layers by virtue of embryoid body formation in vitro
and teratoma formation assay in vivo.
CONCLUSIONS：We have successfully generated hiPS from adult human dental pulp cells andmaintained in an undifferentiated state in serum-free defined medium. As this simple serum-free adherent
monoculture system will allow us to elucidate the cell responses to growth factors under definedconditions, and can eliminate the risk might be brought by undefined pathogens.

- 56 -

17

The sero-epidemiological study on hepatitis viral infections
among adults in Cambodia
1
Hiroko Yamada, Mayumi Fujimoto1, Masayuki
Ohisa13, Olline Lim2, Sirany
Hok2,
1
1
Junko Matsuo21, Yuko Go1, Son
HuyDo,
NoboruGoto,
Keiko
Katayama,
Somana Svay , Junko Tanaka1

1. Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,
Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences,
2. Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia,
3. Department of Management Studies, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hiroshima University[Aim]
We investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) among general
population in Cambodia, where hepatitis viral infections might remain an important health problem.
Based on the results, We aimed to consider the prevention strategy in cooperation with Ministry of
Health in Cambodia.
[Methods]
Sero-epidemiological study was performed 4 times among adults over the age of 18 in Siem Reap
Province, Cambodia from Feb. 2010 to Aug. 2012, consisting of questionnaire about health and life andserologic test for determining HBV and HCV infections after obtaining informed consents. This study
approved by the ethical committee of Hiroshima University and that of Ministry of Health in Cambodia.
[Results]
Total subjects were 485 adults, including 194 males and 291 females. Average age was 40.7±14.7
years as of 2012. 62.5% of subjects did not feel healthy. Almost every female had pierced holes(99.0%).
Prevalence of HBs Ag, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HCV and HCV RNA were 4.6%(95%CI: 2.7-6.4,
22/483), 30.2%(95%CI: 26.1-34.3, 146/483), 38.5%(95%CI: 34.2-42.8, 186/483) 5.8%(95%CI: 3.7-7.9,
28/483) and 2.3%(95%CI: 0.95-3.6, 11/483), respectively.
[Conclusion]
In this study, the prevalence of HBV carriers and that of HCV carriers among adults in Cambodia
were higher than that of same age groups in Japan.

- 57 -

18

How Rattus spp. select habitat in an oil palm plantationin peninsular Malaysia?
Kiyotaka Watanabe (Hiroshima Univ.)
Toshinori Okuda (Hiroshima Univ.)
Toshihiro Yamada (Hiroshima Univ.)
Noor Azlin, Y (FRIM)[Background] In Malaysia, developing oil palm plantation is rapidly increasing from 1960s (FAO, 2009), andmethods to control pests Rattus spp. which eats oil palms and decreases productivity of oil palm has been
discussed. We need to understand ecology of Rattus spp. to clarify the method to control them.

[Objectives] 1.To estimate which element Rattus spp. actively select and escape from.
2.To clarify the method to control Rattus spp. inhabiting in oil palm plantation.

[Methods&Materials] The oil palm plantation we researched exists in the 500m distance south of Pasoh
forest reserved in NegriSembilan state in peninsular Malaysia (N02°57’06.3,E102°15’29.8). In the oil palm
plantation, FRIM, JICA, and NIES together with local people created riverine forest in 2003 to improve thebiodiversity in monotonic ecosystem by planting 351 trees which consist of 9 tree species including fruit tree
species along Petekah river. In this research, we focused on 3 elements affecting emergency frequency of
Rattus spp. Aboves are ground cover (which means oil palm frond and understory), the riparian planting andriver. We clarified which elements affect emergency frequency of Rattus spp. by using tunnel tracking method
which tells us whether they come to the trap in one night. We set 60 trappings for 9 days twice on August and
September in 2012. We regarded the number of days in which targets left footprint out of 9 days as emergency
frequency in each trap. And then, we analyzed the datas by using two-way ANOVA.

[Results]1. Ground cover effect Their emergency frequency in the ground cover is significantly higher thanthat in no, so it is indicated that they make use of ground cover as habitat. It is thought that removing groundcovers in oil palm plantation is effective to control Rattus spp.
2. Riparian planting effect It is expected that riparian planting attract raptores, and they hunt Rattus spp. byusing the trees as perch at first. But as a result the effect of riparian planting like above was not detected. Oneof the reasons is that raptores could use oil palms as perch which is around riparian planting, and so they don’t
need to use riparian planting.
3. River effect There are many insects as food resourse for Rattus spp around rivers in oil palm plantation. So
we had expected that rivers attracted and effected them. But as a result, the effect was not detected. We
considered that the effect which river has on them is not significant.

[Conclusion] There are various predators for Rattus spp. in oil palm plantation such as leopard cat, civet
and water monitor lizard, snake. Furthemore there are no obstruction in oil palm plantation. Therefore
Rattus spp. make use of ground cover to escape from them.
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19

The effect of radiation to peripheral nerve in a rat model
Yukako Inoue1 (presenter), Shinomiya Rikuo1, Naosuke Kamei1,
Takashi Kurashige2, Yokota Kazunori3, Toru Sunagawa4, Mitsuo Ochi1
1

Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2Clinical Neuroscience andAnatomy and Histology, Graduate school of biomedical Sciences,
Hiroshima University, 3Division of Plastic Surgery,
Hiroshima University Hospital
4

Introduction
The purpose of our study is to develop the animal model of partial nerve injury caused by radiation.
Materials and methods
Total of 20 Lewis rats were used for this study. We delivered radiation directly to exposed rat sciatic
nerve insulating all of surrounding tissues. Rats were divided into 2 groups; 90 Gy radiated group (groupR) and sham group (S group) and analyzed by walking track analysis, electromyography using muscle
potential evoked by electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve and histology using toluidine blue staining.
Results
There were no statistical differences between R group and S group in the assessment of walking track
analysis. Electromyography showed that the amplitude of R group was lower than that of S group.
Histological assessment using axon packing density, an index for expressing “the ratio of axonal area
within transversed fascicular area,” was decreased in R group compared to S group.
Conclusion
In electrophysiological and histological findings, the sciatic nerve was clearly injured by radiation.
We think that the result of our study would contribute to the elucidation of mechanism or thedevelopment of novel treatment for intractable radiation induced peripheral neuropathy.

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20

Initial assessment of the use of satellite imageries to support patrol monitoring inMount Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia
Wim Ikbal Nursal
Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences

Abstract
Since 2007, regular patrol along with field data collection has been conducted on Mount Halimun-Salak
National Park (West Java, Indonesia).

There are many themes of the data has been collected, in whichsome of them will be very useful for management, such as species sightings and habitat disturbances.
The survey system is potential to evolve and become a model for Indonesian conservation area since thepark has a good system and protocol for managing field data. In this study, the agreement of patrol
monitoring data collected in 2007 with deforestation map of the park 2006 – 2007 was studied.
Deforested map was produced through Image Change Detection technique by using Landsat5 Thematic
Mapper 2006 and 2007 coverage.

Quickbird image acquired in 2006 over the park were used forvalidating forest map of Landsat TM 2006. We took benefit from the archive of very high-resolution
image available in Google Earth (year 2007) to justify forest cover change and validate deforestation
map.

We identified that encroachment data from patrol monitoring were mostly matched with changed

features on deforestation map (18.4%, n = 87). Small level of agreement of survey data to satellite
image analysis is partly because of misidentifying deforestation which influenced by the extreme
topographic and climatic nature of the park. This assessment suggests that the use of satellite imageries
particularly medium resolution images are remain difficult to be used for Halimun-Salak National Park
management.

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21

Geminin, an essential factor for sustaining hematopoietic stem cell activity,
regulates E2F-mediated transcriptional activation
Saeki K., Ohno Y., Yasunaga S., Kurogi T,. Nakashima Y, Takihara Y.
Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation
Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is pivotal for treating patients with acute radiation injury
as well as for treating those with late-onset radiation injury including hematopoietic malignancies. The
molecular basis sustaining HSCs, however, still remains elusive. We previously demonstrated that thecell intrinsic factors sustaining the HSC activity, Hoxb4/Hoxa9 and Polycomb-group complex 1, act as
independent E3 ubiquitin ligases for Geminin, suggesting that Geminin acts as a central factor for
regulating HSCs.

Geminin controls cellular proliferation and differentiation through the direct

regulation of DNA replication licensing and chromatin remodeling.

Interestingly, we found that

degradation of Geminin induces transcription of a series of genes, which are under the regulation of E2Fs,
including the Geminin gene.

In this study we confirmed that Geminin exerts negative effect on

E2F-mediated transcriptional activation by using a luciferase reporter vector with E2F-binding sequences.
Curiously neither direct binding of Geminin with E2F1 or Rb nor that to the E2F-binding DNA region
was, however, detected.

Epigenetic histone modifications were, instead, compatible with thetranscriptional induction and repression by Geminin. These findings suggest that Geminin affects theE2F-mediated transcriptional induction through the regulation of epigenetic modifications of thechromatin. We here discuss the role for Geminin in HSC regulation.

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22

Diffusion of Radioactive Cesium into the Deeper Soil of Fukushima Prefecture
Syoya KIHARA1), Akihito MATSUSHIMA2), Kuninobu INADA2),
Masahiro HIROTA3), Kunihide NISHIZAWA4), and Satoru NAKASHIMA2)
1) Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University
2) Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development,
Hiroshima University
3) Research Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University4) Nagoya University

Radioactive cesium fell on the ground surface of Fukushima Prefecture due to the discharge of theradioactive material in the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.
cesium causes external and internal exposures.
from living space.

This radioactive

It is important to decontaminate the radioactive cesium

There are several types of decontamination.

Among them, an extraction ofradioactive cesium from soil becomes very important when we reuse the soil. Before we start a study ofdecontamination by chemical treatment, it is important to know the present situation of Fukushima soil.
In the present study, we investigated the depth profile of radioactive cesium in Fukushima soil.
Soils were collected in Date City, Fukushima Prefecture on October 10th, 2012. Sampling points
were 1) Under the tree by the truck farm and 2) Under outlet of the drainspout. The soils were collectedin the depth of 30 cm from the ground surface. The depth profile of radioactive cesium for the collectedcylindrical soils was visualized by using imaging analysis. After the acquisition of image, the collectedcylindrical soils were cut by every 1 cm.

The radioactivity of every portion was measured using HPGe

semiconductor detector.
Imaging analysis revealed the depth profile of radioactivity. There were two types of image, spot
type and spread type. The gray value decreased exponentially from the surface to the deeper soil.
This reveals a diffusion process of radioactive cesium from surface to deeper position. From the depth
profile, we estimated diffusion constant. Although there is minor difference between 1) and 2), thediffusion constants for both soils are in the order of 10-10 – 10-11 m2 s-1.
The measurement using HPGe semiconductor detector revealed the existence of 134Cs and 137Cs in
the soils.

Both 134Cs and 137Cs showed a similar distribution in the soils, i.e., the radioactivity for both134

Cs and 137Cs decreased exponentially from the surface to the deeper soil. The change in radioactivity

is similar to the results of imaging analysis.
In conclusion, it was shown that the radioactive cesium diffuses into deeper soils, although it issaid that the radioactive cesium remains at the ground surface.

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23

Relation between Environmental Radioactivity and Chemical Circumstancesin Higashi-Hiroshima Campus, Hiroshima University
Kazuki KOGA1), Satoshi KAWAI1), Akihito MATSUSHIMA2),
Kuninobu INADA2), and Satoru NAKASHIMA2)
1) Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
2) Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development,
Hiroshima University

We have studied environmental radioactivity of the water sample in Higashi-Hiroshima Campus,
Hiroshima University to confirm that radiation facilities in this campus do not emit radioactive materials
into the environment. In the course of the study, we observed an interesting seasonal change of theenvironmental radioactivity in the sewage sample.

It was suggested that the coexisting chemical

substances or microorganisms affect the change of environmental radioactivity. On the other hand,brownish yellow microbial mats are growing at the pond and river in Higashi-Hiroshima Campus,
Hiroshima University. The microbial mats capture iron hydroxides produced through biomineralization.
In the present study, we investigated the relation between environmental radioactivity and chemical
substances in the water samples of Higashi-Hiroshima Campus, Hiroshima University.
Water samples were collected every month from the river in Higashi-Hiroshima Campus.

One iscollected at 1) upper stream of the microbial mat and the other is at 2) lower reaches of the mat. For thecomparison, 3) the water far from microbial mat is also collected. We measured total β-activity, γ-rays,
and metal concentrations, using 2π gas-flow counter, HPGe detector, and ICP-OES, respectively.
The concentrations of Fe and Mn in samples 1) and 2) are relatively high in winter, while theconcentrations are relatively low in summer. That is, the concentrations decrease with increasing watertemperature, and increase with decreasing temperature.

On the other hand, the concentrations of Fe andMn in sample 3) are very low every month. The results suggest that microbial mats become active insummer and absorb more Fe and Mn in summer. Total β-activity showed an opposite temperaturedependence with Fe and Mn concentrations, i.e., the activity increased with increasing water temperatureand decreased with decreasing water temperature for all samples. The results suggest that the watertemperature affects the total β-activity but we could not find an evidence of the effect of microbialactivity on the total β-activity.
In conclusion, we found that the water temperature affects the concentrations of Fe and Mn maybe
because of microbial activity. The water temperature also affected the total β-activity, but the microbialactivity did not significantly contribute to the total β-activity.

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24

Measurement of secondary neutron energy spectrum generated in
SOBP beam moderator
Jilong TANG1) Yuki NAKANO1) Tsuyoshi KAZIMOTO1) Kiyoshi SHIZUMA1)
Masashi TAKADA2) So KAMATA2) Satoru ENDO1)
1) Hiroshima University Graduate School of Engineering2) National Institute of Radiological Sciences

1. Introduction
Recentry, heavy ion therapy shows good result on the cancer treatment. Information is lacking on
the measurements of secondary neutron doses. Therefore, the socondary neutron dose from carbon ion
beam is investigated in recent year. In this research, measurement of the secondary neutron energy
spectrum generated in SOBP moderator.
2. Methods
The experiment has been performed at the biological beam line of HIMAC, National Institute ofRadiological Science, Chiba. A 290 MeV/nucleon carbon SOBP beam (6cm, 10cmf) was used for thisexperiment. The secondary neutrons were measured by a liquid scintillation counter with the TO-F
technique. Furthermore, Monte Carlo calculation with PHITS code was carried out to simulate thesecondary neutron energy spectrum.
3. Results
Neutron event rates of the SOBP moderator ON/OFF shows 2.5:1. This shows that neutrons weregenerated in the SOBP moderator. The neutron spectra both of measurements and PHITS simulation
were obtain.
4. Conclusion
In this research, it is clearified that secondary neutrons produced in SOBP moderator are contributed
to therapeutic irradiation. The socondary neutron spectrum can be simulated by PHITS.
In future maicrodosimetric studies for measurements and simulation will be carried out and neutron
dose will be discueesed.

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25

Development of Handy Gamma-ray Spectrometer
Nakagawa, Takayuki
High-energy Astrophysics group
Department of Physical Science
Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University

Conventional Gamma-ray Spectrometers often combine a scintillator with a photo-multiplier tube (PMT) ora photo diode (PD). However, PMT is large and needs a high operating voltage about 1000 V. PD or
APD(Avalanche photo-diode) is sensitive to eternal electrical noise and its energy resolution is bad at room
temperature.
Then, we use MPPC (multi-pixel photon counter) instead of PMT or PD/APD. MPPC is being developed
recently, it is small, is less sensitive to electrical noise, and can operate at low voltage of about 70 V. This
enables us to develop a Handy Gamma-ray Spectrometer combined with scintillators. If this is achieved, it
will be used at households and schools to measure and study gamma-ray radiations.
Currently, we achieve an energy resolution of 9.8 % (@662 keV) at room temperature, by using MPPC withCsI(Tl) scintillator. We develop a compact electric circuit system to supply high voltage to MPPC and readout MPPC signals to make a energy spectrum and to display it.
In this presentation, we present an introduction and experimental results.

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26

Study on the Damage Detection System by Image Analysis
Ooki KURIHARA
Department of Engineering, Hiroshima University, JapanThe efficient method to detect the damage to the structure is important to minimize the disaster related to
the radioactive material. Visual inspection is the key process in damage detection, however the result isdependent on the individual skill of engineers.
In this paper, I would like to introduce ourLearning

system of the damage detection for the road

Identification

pavement by image analysis. Figure 1 shows an
overview of the damage detection system. Fromsnapshot images by a vehicle camera, this systemfinds the damaged sites and identifies the type ofPotholeCrackdamage in real time.

Input image

Figure 2 shows the outline of the image
analysis. First, the system classifies the features inLevel difference
NormalLearning images and key points

each key point of the learning image. The
frequencies of key points in each category

1,1,3,3,…,
…,111
111
28, 64,…, 88
46,
71, …,
13
46,
94,71,
42,…,
…,13
9

PotholeLevel difference

NormalDescription of features

①

…

Crack

in practice, for the new input image, the system

85, 100, …, 78
6, 27, …, 151…
……

1,1,3,3,…,
111
1, 3,…,
…,111
111
46,
71, …,
13
46,
46,71,
71,…,
…,13
13
…
……

………

69,7,
69,7,
…,
252
69,7,…,
…,252
252
33,
33,
80,
…,
47
33,80,
80,…,
…,47
47
………

13,57,
13,57,…,
58
13,57,…,
…,58
58
125,
125,
3,3,…,…,
125,3,…,666(features) are summarized as the histograms. Then,②

Description offeatures③compares the histogram for the new input images⑤

and that for the learning image. Thus, the system① ②③ ④⑤

PotholeLevel difference Normal① ②③ ④⑤

Histogramskill.

① ②③ ④⑤Classifier

Frequency

Crack

Frequency① ②③ ④⑤

Frequency

damage without depending on engineer’s personalFrequency

Frequency

can identifies existence of damage and the type of

The system is now under the feasibility study.

④

Feature space① ②③ ④⑤

Histogram
Classification result

Figure 2 Outline of the image analysis

This method can be applied not only for the roadmaintenance but also for the maintenance of nuclear power plant and the structures to keep theradioactive material in future.

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27
Development of Cutoff Layer Used for Coastal Disposal Facility of Wastes
Contaminated by Radioactive Cesium

Hiroki Murakami
Geotechnical Engineering laboratory, Social and Environmental System Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University

A large amount of wastes contarminated byradioactive cesium ganerated due to the Great East
Japan Earthquake. Because radioactive cesium inwastes must not be flowed out before they become

Wastes contaminated by radioactive cesium
Less than 100,000Bq/kg
Approach of performance requirements for cutoff layer
Assumption

Leaching late of radioactive cesium included in wastes(Void ratio:0.8,Weight of unit volume
18kN/m3) is 10%.

Maximum elution amount 22,500Bq/L

the safe radiation level, the clay layer that have

Development target of cutoff layer(4m in thickness)

low hydraulic conductivity and adsorption capacity

・Hydraulic conductivity k 5.0×10-10[m/s]・Concentration of radioactive cesium is less than 1/10

is developed. The purpose of this study is

Travel time of leachate 4m÷5.0×10-10=253年
Maximum Concentration of radioactive cesium 22,500Bq/L×1/10=2,250Bq/L

investigating

hydraulicconductivity

andRadiation level after 253 years progress
2,250×(1/2)253/30=6.5Bq/L 90Bq/L(Regulation value of nuclear power plant)

adsorption capacity of marine clay mixed with

※Teff of Cs-137 is 30 years.

bentonie in various mixing proportion. Fig.1 isFig.1 Approach of development for cutoff layer

shown approach of development for cutoff layer.
The laboratory test is carried out with theconsolidation

andpermeability

Displacement gage

testing

apparatus(Fig.2). The consolidation test is carriedout to the point of 20kPa and hydraulicconductivity is valued from test result. After the

Guide ringconsolidation test is completed, the permeability

Compaction
ring

test is carried out by measuring the flow of cesium
solution. The concentration of cesium before andSampleD 60 mm
H 10 mm

Picking

after the flow through clay layer is measured andFig.2 Consolidation and permeability testing apparatus

the adsorption capacity of clay is measured.
In addition, the shaking test is carried out tomeasure maximum adsorption. The sample is shaked with cesium solution for an hour. After shaking, thesample is centrifugalize for and the supernatant fluid is picked. By measuring the concentration of theliquid, the maximum adsorption of the clay mixed with bentonite is known.

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28

Research Proposal: Transfer of radionuclides from plants to insects in galls
Yurika Oba
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima University

INTRODUCTION
In this work the transfer behavior of the radionuclides from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power
Plant accident in March 2011 is investigated with galls. Part of the radionuclides in forests, especially in
soil, might transfer from soil to plants and then circulate in ecosystem. To estimate the contamination ofradionuclides in forests, the purpose of establishing the model of radionuclide transfer is necessity.
AIM
The aim of this study is to investigate the transfer behavior of radionuclides from plants to insects ingalls.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sampling area
The study area is in Soma City and Minami-Soma City.
Radiometry
Gamma-rays from samples are measured with a low background Ge-detector.
To obtain autoradiographs, use an imaging analyzer.
Statistical analysis
To determine concentration differences between the various factors, statistical analyses are carried
out.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
It is possible that this study would shed further light on the mechanism of rasionuclide transfer fromplants to insects.
The outcome of these investigations will helpful to develop the radionuclide transfer model inforests.

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29

Activity as a physical therapist for prevention of disuse syndrome in the General
Hospital in radiation disaster suffering of Minami Soma City
Nobuaki Moriyama, PT, Yukio Urabe, PhD, PT, Noriaki Maeda, PhD, PT
The Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University

Background
Minami Soma City was strongly affected by the radiation disaster after the Great East Japan Earthquake
on March 11, 2011. Many of the medical staff had evacuated from the area, and as a result bringing in
supply and medical treatment was difficult.
PurposeWe had worked as a member of the volunteer team at the General hospital in Minami Soma City. The
main purpose of our activity was to give patients who need medical treatment and prevent their disuse
syndrome such as cardiovascular vulnerability, obesity, musculoskeletal fragility, depression.

Results/Activity
There were more than 80 inpatients there with a capacity of 230. A number of Full-time physical therapists

decreased from 13 to 3 because of evacuation. We had given physical therapy including exercises for
improving muscle storength and joint range of motion and practices for acticities of daily living. It had
contributed to prevention of disuse syndrome.

Conclusion
Many inpatients had no choice but to discharge to temporary housing. There are more than 5,000
evacuees there now, and they may cause disuse syndrome
due to inconvenient and inexperienced circumstance.
Therefore it is important for patients in
disaster areas to continue to take medical treatment
through before and after discharge.

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30

Association of hepatitis C virus infection with mortality
in patients on chronic hemodialysis
Takako Asao, Junko Matsuo, Tomoyuki Akita, Ayumu Nakashima,
Keiko Katayama, Junko Tanaka
Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,
Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences,【Aim】 The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is high in patients who are on chronic
hemodialysis. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 3,087 patients who were on chronic
hemodialysis from 9 dialysis facilities in Hiroshima, Japan to investigate the role of HCV infection in themortality of these patients.
【Method】 Patients were recruited from 1999 to 2004. We investigated when they instituted dialysis, andthe date and cause of death by using questionnaire in 2010. HCV infection was screened by real-timepolymerase chain reaction. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the odds of death.
【Results】433 patients (14.0%) were positive for HCV RNA. The mortality of patients were positive for
HCV RNA was significantly higher than HCV RNA-negative-patients (P<0.001). However, infection of

HCV was not risk for death (adjusted relative risk (aRR)=1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI],0.92 to 1.27; P=0.335) after adjusting for confounding variable. Patients who had diabetes were atincreased risk for death compared with non-diabetic patients (RR=1.74; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.58;

P=0.012).
【Conclusion】We conclude that HCV infection didn’t increase the risk for death during the study period
compared with those not infected.

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31

Injuries related to restoration activities at the Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear power Station.
Satoshi Yamaga, Koichi Tanigawa, Yasumasa Iwasaki, Ryu Tsumura,
Tomoko Tamura, Yoshiko Kida, Nobuyuki Hirohashi
Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hiroshima University

Background: Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power station (1F) accident, the re-establishmentof temporary cooling facilities for the damaged 3 reactors and the spent fuel pool of the Unit 4 reactor
building was put in the first place. We reported here injuries related to the restoration activities at 1F.
Methods: We analyzed data of the published report from Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) fromMarch 11th 2011 through June 30th 2012.
Results: During the operations, a total of 67 workers sought emergency medical care in March 2011.
Among these, 44 workers complained of medical problems such as general fatigue and sickness whichwere irrespective of levels of irradiation dose. A total of 261 workers had been treated at the 1F until
June 30st 2012. Among these, trauma accounted for 131 cases, most of them were observed in the first 5
months after the accident occurred (from March 12 through July 2011). Regarding severity of trauma,
only one patient exceeded Injury Severity Score of 15. Fortunately, no trauma death was reported.
As for radiation exposure, only 6 cases were complicated with radiological contamination, all of which
occurred in March 2011.From March 11th 2011 through March 31st 2012, a total of 19,594 workers wereinvolved in the restoration operations at the 1F. Ninety six percent of these workers were exposed to lessthan 50 mSv. Total irradiation dose greater than 200 mSv were observed in 9 workers. Of these, 2
workers were exposed to greater than 600 mSv with 678 mSv the highest of all. All of those whose
irradiation doses were greater than 100 mSv were exposed soon after the accident occurred.
Conclusion: Most of the injuries related to the restoration activities at 1F were classified as minor, andradiation exposure was limited less than the levels which associate with acute radiation syndrome.

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32

Roles of Hiroshima University in the early phase of radiation emergency medical
managements in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident
Yoshiko Kida1), Koichi Tanigawa1), Yasumasa Iwasaki1), Ryu Tsumura1),
Tomoko Tamura1), Satoshi Yamaga1), Nobuyuki Hirohashi1), Kenji Kamiya2)
1) Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hiroshima University
2) Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University

Hiroshima University, which has been designated as a tertiary radiation emergency medical care facility,
is assigned the task of dispatching a radiation emergency medical team in the event of nuclear accidents.
On March 12th, our team was dispatched to Fukushima by the Self-Defense Force helicopter with a teamfrom the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. Soon after the accident, all radiation emergency
medical facilities inside the 20 km radius from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power station (1F) werecompletely closed. The first mission in Fukushima was to set up a medical response HQ just as quickly
as possible so as to deal with the emergency radiation exposures and related injuries. The issues
discussed included decontamination criteria for evacuees, evacuation of patients left inside the 20 km
radius from the 1F, and re-establishment of the radiation emergency medical system for workers who
were involved with restoration activities at the 1F.
Although most of the residents had left by March 13th, more than 840 patients remained left inside the 20
km radius from the 1F. As the situation of the damaged nuclear power station became more unstable, thegovernment ordered an immediate evacuation of all patients on March 14th. Unfortunately, 50 patientswere killed during this evacuation. The causes of death were presumably hypothermia, deteriorating
underlying medical problems and dehydration.
Two hydrogen explosions took place on March 12th and 14th. A total of 15 workers sustained injuries.
Marked difficulties were encountered to allocate these patients to hospitals because strong concerns overradiological contamination existed among health care workers in Fukushima. Fortunately, no serious
injuries or acute radiation syndrome were reported in these explosions.
Efforts for re-establishing the radiation emergency medical system had been made by cooperation of
governments and various organizations, and Hiroshima University played the central roles incoordinating these activities.

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33

How can we educate school children to participate in the activities tosolve environmental problems ?
Mieko DOI
Graduate student, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hiroshima University

Background
After the nuclear accident, a new environmental education initiative such as the creation of"instructional materialsforradiation"

started. The goal of environmental education is tied to the

behavior to solve environmental problems.

Children learned through environmental education of"knowledge" does not necessarily lead to the "behavior" to solve environmental problems.

Study purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine how to build an educational process to reach to the behavior
to solve environmental problems.

Method(1)

Questionnaire survey(QS) for university students on environmental issues,(2)

Investigation of Educational Materials used in the school

Results(1)

QS were carried out for university students in China, Malaysia and Japan, which clarified that the

gap among "behavior" and "knowledge" ofenvironmental problems is distinguished at students ofHiroshima University, Japan.
(2)

Educational Materials collected have shifted from learning with a focus on knowledge to thedescription to support active learning and behavior.

Conclusions
The subjects in environmental education are diverse, including recycling, resource and energy
conservation. The "nature and utilization of radiation" and "effective use of energy resources" evolved is
an important school education. The results above show the direction of expected children's activities andsupport required for behavior.

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34

Function of RAD18 on radioresponse
Yanbin Xu¹, Megumi Sasatani¹, Hidehiko Kawai², Kenji Kamiya¹.
1

Department of Experimental Oncology
Department of Molecular Radiobiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology
and Medicine, Hiroshima University,
Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
2

DNA damage can be induced by environmental insult as well as endogenous metabolism. To maintaingenome integrity, the cells have evolved various DNA repair systems. Post- replication repair is one of
the repair systems and referred to as DNA damage tolerance. Post-replication repair pathway can
bypassed DNA lesions to restart DNA replication without removing the DNA damage. This process
involves template switching and translesion DNA synthesis. RAD6-RAD18 complex plays the importantrole to regulate its pathway. It has been reported that absence of RAD18 sensitize to a variety of DNA
damaging agents such as ionizing radiation and display enhanced genomic instability.
In this study, in order to better understand the role of post-replication repair on radioresponse and its
molecular mechanisms, the cellular responses to ionizing radiation were investigated using RAD18
knockdown human cell line.
Our results demonstrated that RAD18 contributes to signal transduction pathway after radiation
exposure. It is assumed that post-replication repair plays a critical role to maintain genomic stability afterradiation exposure.

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35

The effect of intragroup and intergroup status on evaluation of ingroup andoutgroup.
－Focused on the moderating effect of intergroup relation.－
Hitomi Sugiura1,2 and Kiriko Sakata2.
1．JPSP Reseach fellow. 2．Hiroshima University

We investigated whether intergroup relations moderated the interaction between intergroup andintragroup status on outgroup derogation. A previous study by Sugiura and Sakata (2009) showed that
low intragroup status members in high status groups (L-H member) and high intragroup status member inlow status groups (H-L member) were inclined to show outgroup derogation. We presumed thatintergroup comparisons underlie this effect. We predicted that intergroup relationships would moderate
this interaction effect, because people have a tendency to engage in intergroup comparison in competitive
situations. Participants (N=120) were classified based on their course. Two factors related to their status
were manipulated by false feedback of task1. They were then asked to evaluate impressions of ingroupand outgroup members as task2. As predicted, results indicated L-H and H-L members that perceived
intergroup relationships as being competitive, evaluated the competence of outgroup members as being
significantly low. This finding suggests the importance of the comparison targets in outgroup derogation.

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36

Acquired expression of c-Cbl Q367P mutation induces myeloid cellproliferation
Yuichiro Nakata
Department of Disease Model, Research Institute for Radiation Biology andMedicine, Hiroshima University, Japan

c-CBL functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and negatively regulates tyrosine kinase-induced
intracellular signaling. Recently, mutations of the c-Cbl gene were identified in a substantial portion ofhematopoietic malignancy mainly of myeloid lineage.

This suggests that dysfunction of c-CBL is

implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, but the precise leukemogenic mechanism(s) remains
elusive.

To gain insights into this issue and to create a novel animal model for mutatedc-CBL-harboring leukemia, we generated conditional knock-in (cKI) mice that express wild-type c-CBL
at steady state and in turn express c-CBL with Q367P mutation (c-CBLQ367P) upon Cre activation. Afterinduced expression of c-CBLQ367P, the cKI mice rapidly exhibited leukocytosis with expansion of
myeloid cells. The spleen was massively enlarged with proliferation of immature and mature myeloid
cells, and the bone marrow was hypercellular with predominance of myeloid cells. These results
provided in vivo evidence that acquired expression of c-CBLQ367P conferred a proliferative advantage tomyeloid lineage and resulted in uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid cells.

Our cKI mice represent a

novel and useful animal model for investigating the leukemogenic mechanisms mediated by mutatedc-CBL.

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37

KIF2A phosphorylation by PLK1 regulates primary cilia disassembly
Kosuke Hosoba, Tatsuo Miyamoto, Hiroshi Ochiai, Shinya Matsuura
Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology
and Medicine, Hiroshima University[Background]A primary cilium is an antenna-like microtubule-based organelle on cell surface, and functions as asensor for extracellular signaling. While primary cilia formation occurs in G0 phase, cilia
disassembly begins when G0 quiescent cells re-enter a proliferative phase. It was recently shownthat mitotic kinase PLK1 suppresses cilia formation. However, little is known about the molecularmechanism of PLK1-mediated ciliogenesis.
[Purpose of research]
We focused on kinesin protein KIF2A, which has an activity of microtubule depolymerization, andstudied its functional role in the PLK1-mediated ciliogenesis.
[Material and method]
To determine a phosphorylation site on KIF2A by PLK1, in vitro kinase assay was performed.
PLK1-specific phosphorylation of KIF2A during ciliogenesis was studied by immunostaining ofhTERT-RPE1 cells using anti-phospho-KIF2A antibody. Ciliogenesis was analyzed in the cells after
transfection of KIF2A mutants or KIF2A siRNA.
[Result]
Threonine 554 on KIF2A was identified as a phosphorylation site by PLK1. Then, we raisedanti-phospho-KIF2A antibody against phosphorylated T554. Immunostaining analysis revealed that
KIF2A was localized to the centrioles during ciliogenesis while PLK1-specific phosphorylation on
KIF2A was increased at the mother centriole when the cells enter the proliferative phase.
siRNA-mediated KIF2A knockdown increased the primary cilia length.
[Conclusion]
PLK1 phosphorylates threonine 554 on KIF2A and promotes primary cilia disassembly possibly
through an increased microtubule depolymerase activity of KIF2A.

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38

HBp17/FGFBP-1 Expression is Down-regulated by 1α, 25(OH)2D3 in Oral
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line: Implication on its Biological Role
towards Growth Regulation
S.N.Z. Rosli1, T. Shintani2, S. Toratani3, E. Usui3, and T. Okamoto4
1

Dept. of Molecular Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Surgery, Div. of Frontier Medical
Science, Grad. School of Biomed. & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
2
Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital
3
Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital
4
Dept. of Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science,
Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University[Background] FGF-2 is the prototypic member of a family containing at least 23 structurally-related
polypeptide growth factors. It is expressed ubiquitously in a variety of tumor cells including oral
squamous cell carcinomas. In vitro, FGF-2 is a potent mitogen for different cell types, including vascularendothelial cells, fibroblasts and cancer cells such as squamous cell carcinomas. In vivo, FGF-2 is apotent inducer of angiogenesis and has pleiotropic effects both on development, differentiation in variousorgans, and tumorigenesis. FGF-2 is secreted despite lacking a leader sequence, which targets
intracellular proteins for secretion to the extracellular environment, and externalized FGF-2 needs to bereleased and solubilized from the extracellular matrix. We initially isolated heparin-binding protein of 17
kDa which was found to bind FGF-1 and FGF-2 in a non-covalent and reversible manner in 1991 fromthe medium conditioned by human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells and designated the protein as
heparin-binding protein 17 (HBp17). Owing to its capacity to bind FGFs, HBp17 was renamed fibroblast
growth factor-binding protein-1 (FGFBP-1). Binding of HBp17/FGFBP-1 to FGF-2 mediates the releaseof immobilized FGF-2 from the extracellular matrix allowing it to reach its receptor, suggesting that
HBp17/FGFBP-1 serves as an extracellular switch molecule for FGF-2. Recently, it was reported that
up-regulation of HBp17/FGFBP-1 was found in various tumors, including head and neck, skin and coloncancers. In this paper, we proposed the possibility to restrain the expression of activated FGF-2 in cancer
cells, by manipulating expression of its chaperone, HBp17/FGFBP-1 by 1α,25(OH)2D3 (VD).
[Purpose] To investigate the effect of VD on HBp17/FGFBP-1 and FGF-2 expression in OSCC cells.
[Methods] OSCC cell line (UE: HO-1-u-1), established in our laboratory has been used in this study. The
cells were treated periodically with VD (40nM) in serum-free culture. Both mRNA and protein
expression for HBp17/FGFBP-1 and FGF-2 were quantified using qRT-PCR and Western blotting (WB).
VDR RNAi-transfected UE cells (siVDR) were used to determine the role of VDR upon the VD
treatment on HBp17/FGFBP-1 expression. ELISA was performed to determine soluble HBp17/FGFBP-1
and FGF-2 protein released into the conditioned media.
[Result] Treatment of OSCC cells with VD (40nM) suppressed the release of HBp17/FGFBP-1 andFGF-2 in the conditioned media. Inhibition of HBp17/FGFBP-1 expression was also demonstrated by
qRT-PCR, WB and immunofluorescence analysis upon VD treatment. Besides these, VD does not havedirect effect on the synthesis of FGF-2 protein. Thus, it was speculated that down-regulation of HBp17
expression resulted in the change on the level of soluble FGF-2. In addition, the data using siVDR
implied that HBp17/FGFBP-1 inhibition by VD was mediated by VDR.
[Conclusion] The ability of VD to suppress HBp17/FGFBP-1 and FGF-2 expression in OSCC depicts
another anti-cancer mechanism by VD and as well showing these molecules could be the target moleculein cancer therapy by VD.

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39
Chromosome abnormalities in human peripheral blood
after low-dose ionizing radiation
Lin Shia, Kurumi Fujiokab , Jiying Sun a, Aiko Kinomura a,
Toshiya Inaba b, Satoshi Tashiroa,
Department of a Cellular Biology b Molecular Oncology Research Institutefor Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanThe analysis of dicentric chromosomes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) by Giemsa staining is the most established method for biological dosimetry.
However, this method requires a well-trained person because of the difficulty indetecting aberrations rapidly and accurately. We applied a fluorescence in situ
hybridization (FISH) technique, using telomere and centromere peptide nucleic
acid (PNA) probes, to solve this problem in biological dosimetry. A comparison by awell-trained observer found that FISH analysis of PBLs for the dose estimation was
more accurate than the conventional Giemsa analysis in samples irradiated at highdoses. We could also apply the PNA-FISH analysis for the detection of thechromosome abnormalities in PBLs induced by low dose ionizing irradiation (≦100mGy). These results show that FISH analysis with centromeric/telomeric PNA
probes could become one of the standard methods for biological dosimetry inradiation emergency medicine.

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40

An improved method for analyzing ionizing radiation-induced
chromosome aberrations
Ning-Ang LIU, Satoshi TASHIRO
Department of Cellular Biology，Research Institute for Radiation
Biology and Medicine，Hiroshima University

Radiation induces DNA damage sometimes fail to be repaired appropriately leading to therejoining of broken DNA ends incorrectly. The mis-repaired DNA produce chromosome
aberrations, which becomes critical when such chromosome aberrations activate oncogenes.
Thus, a quickly and accurately evaluation method for radiation induced chromosome
aberrations is very important for both clinical radiation dosimetry and the basal molecularmechanisms of aberrations study.
Giemsa staining is the most established method especially to evaluate the chromosome
aberrations in human blood lymphocytes. However, this method is inefficient and error-prone as
it simply marks the chromosome body and difficult to detect aberrations accurately and rapidly.
Here, we applied a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, using telomere andcentromere peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes to solve the most defects of Giemsa staining andget more accurate and highly reliable result. To overcome the most time consuming step andsave more time in this method, we used an automatic metaphases search and images taking
system-Metasystem. In this way, we established an accurate and high performance evaluation
method for radiation induced chromosome aberrations by PNA-FISH combine with Metasystem.
Moreover, we applied this newly established method to examine the chromosome abnormalities
in human cell lines after ionizing irradiation. Involvement of repair factors in the induction ofchromosome abnormalities after ionizing irradiation will be discussed.

- 80 -MapofHiroshima City
and

Symposium Floor- 81 -

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Map of Hiroshima central part①

Hiroshima Station②

International Conference Center Hiroshima (This symposium venue)③

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum④

Peace Memorial Park- 83 -

International Conference Center Hiroshima
Floor map of second basement

Himawari
・Opening Ceremony
・Keynote Address
・Lectures

Dahlia 1・Panel Discussion
・Closing Ceremony
Dahlia 2

Cosmos 2・Reception

・Poster Session- 84 -

Organizing committee

Director, Organization for the Leader Graduate Education Program
Toshimasa Asahara (President, Hiroshima University)
Program manager, Phoenix Leader Education Program (Hiroshima Initiative) for
Renaissance from Radiation Disaster
Tetsuji Okamoto (Program Director of Phoenix Leader Education Program)
ChairmanToshimasa Asahara (President, Hiroshima University)
Program Committee
Koichi Tanigawa(Professor, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University)
Shoken Miyama(Research Professor, President's room, Hiroshima University)
Yosinori Sugiura(Associate Professor, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences,
Hiroshima University)
Satoshi Tashiro(Professor, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine,
Hiroshima University)
Tamotsu Toshima(Research Professor, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences,
Hiroshima University)
Satoru Endo
(Associate Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University)
Hiroshi Nittono(Associate Professor, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences,
Hiroshima University)- 85 -

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- 87 -

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