称号及び氏名

博士（工学）

Rajesh Shrestha

学位授与の日付 平成 17 年 10 月 31 目論文

名A Study on Integration of Process Planningand Scheduling for Holonic Manufacturing(ホロニック生産のための工程設計とスケジューリングの統合化に関する研究)

論文審査委員

主査

杉村

延広

副査

井前

讓

副査

三村耕司

論文要旨

Chapter 1 Introduction
Computer systems and manufacturing cell controllers have recently made much progressin both softwave and hardware view points, and individual computers and controllers are
now able to share decision-making capabilities in the manufacturing systems. The networkarchitectures are widely utilized for the information exchange in the design and themanufacturing, and some standardized models, such as STEP and CNC data model, havebeen developed for the information exchange through the information networks for thedesign and the manufacturing.
Manufacturing has transformed from mass production to batch production and theconventional manufacturing systems are not adaptable to very small batch productions
with the dynamic changes in volumes and varieties of the products. New manufacturingsystem architectures have therefore been proposed, aiming at realizing more flexible1management and control structures of the manufacturing systems, which can cope withdynamic changes in the volume and the variety of the products, and also the unforeseen
disruptions, such as breakdown of manufacturing equipments and interruption of highpriority jobs. They are called as autonomous distributed manufacturing system likebiological manufacturing system, random manufacturing system, fractal manufacturingsystem and holonic manufacturing system(HMS).
The objective of this research is to develop an integrated process planning andscheduling system, which is applicable to the holonic manufacturing systems.
The process planning system considered here creates suitable process plans for theindividual products to be manufactured. The process plans give suitable sequences ofmanufacturing equipments needed to manufacture the products and machining time of theproducts.
The scheduling system creates suitable production schedules, based on the feasible
sequences of the machining equipments of the individual products, which are created bythe process planning.
As regards to the scheduling problems in HMS, a distributed real-time schedulingsystem has been proposed, aimed at creating a suitable production schedule when
executing the machining process in the HMS. However, it is assumed that the processplans of the products are predetermined and fixed in the planning phase independently
from the production schedules. So, integration of process planning and scheduling in theplanning phase is considered in this research, which create both suitable process plans andproduction schedules concurrently for a set of products to be manufactured, before
executing the machining process in the HMS.

Chapter 2 Basic architecture of HMS
This chapter provides a detailed description of the basic architecture of HMS consideredin the research, from the viewpoint of the distributed decision making process of theautonomous components. It also describes about the holon and holarchy. The holoniccomponents of the target HMS and the manufacturing process in HMS are also clarified.

2Chapter 3 Integration of process planning system and scheduling system for single
product
This chapter provides a detailed description of integration of process planning andscheduling for a single product. A systematic method is proposed here to create suitableprocess plans that minimize the objective function including both the flow time and themachining cost of the product, taking into consideration of future schedules of themachining equipments. The method is based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Dynamic
Programming (DP) for selection of suitable machining sequences of the product andsuitable sequences of the machining equipments. A prototype of the process planningsystem is implemented and applied to the process planning of the machine products. Casestudies show that the proposed methods are effective to create suitable machining
sequences and suitable sequences of machining equipments taking into consideration of thefuture schedules of the machining equipments.

Chapter 4 Integration of process planning system and scheduling system for multiproductsThis chapter provides a detailed description of integration of process planning by productholons and scheduling holons for multi-products. Systematic methods are proposed here toselect suitable combination of the process plans and to create suitable schedules for all theproducts, based on GA and dispatching rules, The case studies are carried out and showthat some particular dispatching rules are suitable for some particular objective functions.
It is found that the dispatching rule called Shortest Processing Time/Total Work Remaining(SPT/TWKR) is the most suitable when make span is the objective function, thedispatching rule called Shortest Processing Time (SPT) is the most suitable when totalmachining cost is considered as the objective function, and the dispatching rule called
Apparent Tardiness Cost (ATC) is the most suitable when weighted tardiness cost is taken
as the objective function. A prototype of the process planning and scheduling system isimplemented and applied. The case studies show that the proposed method selects asuitable combination of process plans and creates a suitable schedule.

3Chapter 5 Integration of process planning and scheduling for multi-products withscheduler driven modification of process plans
This chapter provides a detailed description of integration of process planning andscheduling for multi-products based on the process plan modification system. Threedifferent methods are proposed to modify the process plans aimed at balancing themachining loads of the machining equipments. They are, (a) load balancing method before
process planning, (b) centralized method for load balancing after scheduling, and (c)distributed method for load balancing after scheduling. Some case studies are carried out toverify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. It is shown that the method (a) loadbalancing method before process planning and method (b) centralized method for loadbalancing after scheduling is effective in the case where there is concentration ofmachining loads on some machining equipments and not so effective in the case where
there is no concentration of machining loads on any machining equipments. However, thecomputation time of the methods (a) and (b) is not so long, Whereas, the method (c)distributed method for load balancing after scheduling is effective for both the cases,
however, this method requires the computation time longer than the methods (a) and (b).

Chapter 6 Conclusions
This chapter provides the conclusions for the whole research work.

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List of Publications
No.
1Articles’ Title

01Author(s)N.Sugimura Proc.of Int.
Seminar onscheduling in holonic manufacturing R.Shrestha
Assembly Task
systems – Optimization based on shop J.Inoue
Planning,
Integrated process planning andtime and machining cost-Corresponding
Chapter
Chapter 2
Chapter 3

pp. 36-41,(Besancon,France,2003)

2R.Shrestha Proc. of Int. Chapter 3
Conference on
holonic manufacturing – ProcessJ.Inoue
Leading Edge
planning considering both machining N.Sugimura Manufacturing,A study on process planning fortime and machining cost-pp. 753-758,(Niigata, Japan,2003)

3

A study on integrated processplanning and scheduling system
for holonic manufacturing system

N.Sugimura Proc. of 37th Chapter 4
CIRP Seminar
R.Shrestha
on Manufacturing
T.Takemoto Systems,
pp. 323-329,(Budapest,Hungary, 2004)

4

A study on process planning andscheduling systems for holonic
manufacturing - Manufacturing

R.Shrestha Proc. ofJapan-USA
T.Takemoto
Symposium onN.Sugimura Flexible

multi-products

Automation,
CD-ROM,
pp. 1-8,(Denver, USA,2004)

5Chapter 4No.

Articles’ Title

5

Study on process planning systemAuthor(s)Journal’s Name, Corresponding
ChapterVol., Pages,(Year)

N.Sugimura Trans. of the. Chapter 3
JSME, C,Vol.79,
for holonic manufacturing (3rdR.Shrestha
No.696,report, Process planning considering Y.Tanimizu pp. 289-295,
machining schedules)

K.Iwamura(2004)(In Japanese)
6A study on integration of process R.Shrestha
planning and scheduling system for T.Takemoto

Proc. of 5th

Chapter 5Int. Conferenceon Machine

holonic manufacturing – scheduler N.Sugimura

Automation,

driven modification of process

pp. 341-346,plans-(Osaka, Japan,2004)

7

A study on process planning andR.Shrestha

scheduling systems for holonic

T.Takemoto

manufacturing with modification of K.Ichinose
process plans

Int. J. ofChapter 4

Manufacturing

Chapter 5

Technology andManagement

N.Sugimura (to bepublished)8

A study on integrated process

R.Shrestha

planning and scheduling system

N.Sugimurafor holonic manufacturing system

K.Ichinose(In Japanese)

Y.Tanimizu
K.Iwamura

JSME; Japan Society for Mechanical Engineers

6Trans. of the

Chapter 4

JSME, C,

Chapter 5(submitted)

審査結果の要旨
本論文は、ホロニック生産システムにおける工程設計とスケジューリングの統合化について論じたものであり、次のような成果を得ている。
(1) ホロニック生産システムにおける分散型の意思決定と強調とにより、加工対象工作物の加工工程を設計するとともに、生産設備の生産スケジュールを決定する手法を提案している。
すなわち、工作物ホロンによる分散型工程設計とスケジューリングホロンによるスケジュール作成を行う手法を提案している。
(2) 工作物ホロンが、自身の目的関数に基づいて、加工フィーチャの適切な加工手順を決定するとともに、使用する加工設備のシーケンスを決定する問題を、遺伝的アルゴリズムおよび動的計画法を用いて解く手法を提案し、その有効性を検証している。ここでは、目的関数として、加工時間および加工コストの両方を考えている。
(3) 複数の工作物ホロンが設計した加工工程の候補に基づいて、適切な加工工程と加工設備の生産スケジュールを同時に決定する手法を提案し、その有効性を検証している。ここでは、遺伝的アルゴリズムとディスパッチングルールを組み合わせた手法を提案している。
(4) (3)の手法を用いて作成された加工設備の生産スケジュールの情報に基づいて、複数の工作物ホロンが自身の加工工程を再設計する手法を提案し、その有効性を検証している。ここでは、加工設備の加工負荷を平準化することで、加工工程を再設計するとともに、生産スケジュールを再構成する手法を提案している。
以上の諸成果は、機械生産システムの工程設計技術およびスケジューリング技術に関する新しい知見であり、新たな生産システムの研究開発に寄与するものである。また，申請者が自立して研究活動を行うに必要な能力と学識を有することを証したものである。

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