The magazine of The Foreign Correspondents’ Club of JapanMay 2018 · Volume 50 · No. 5

Beyond Words:
Photos of the Month

Memoirs:
Mr. Smith Goes to Tokyo(Part 2)A Deeper Look:
America Last: Asia-Pacific Trade
Negotiations Under Trump

A Little-Known Story:
Tapestries for the
Empress

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MAY 2018 | FCCJ | 03

In this Issue
May 2018 · Volume 50 · No. 5

Publisher FCCJ
Editor Albert Siegel
Fuku Nabe Bugyo Geoffrey Tudor
Art Director Kohji Shiiki
Editorial Assistant Naomichi Iwamura
Photo Coordinator Akiko Miyake
Publications Committee Members
Albert Siegel
Geoffrey Tudor
Martin Koelling
Ayako Mie
Emiko Jozuka
Johann Fleuri
Tomomi Yokomura

Front Page
• From the President by Khaldon Azhari• Letter to the Editor by Willem Kortekaas

4

From the Archives
Ellison Onizuka—NASA Astronautby Charles Pomeroy

5

FCCJ BOARD OF DIRECTORS

President Khaldon Azhari, PanOrient News
1st Vice President Anthony Rowley,Singapore Business Times
2nd Vice President Gregory Clark,
Writer/Columnist
Secretary Mary Corbett,Professional Associate Member
Treasurer William Kortekaas, Associate Member
Directors-at-Large Milton Isa, Associate MemberPeter Langan, Asia Times
Robert Whiting, Author, Freelance
Yoichi Yabe, Freelance
Kanji Yoshisuke Iinuma, The Oriental Economist
Associate Kanji Makoto Honjo, Associate Member

FCCJ COMMITTEE CHAIRSAssociate Members Liaison Milton Isa
Compliance Kunio Hamada
DeRoy Memorial Scholarship Abby Leonard,
David SatterwhiteEntertainment Sandra Mori
Exhibition Bruce Osborn
Film Karen Severns
Finance Willem Kortekaas
Food & Beverage Robert Kirschenbaum,
Mehdi Bassiri
Freedom of Press Abby Leonard
House & Property Khaldon Azhari
Human Resources Khaldon Azhari
Information Technology Albert Siegel
Library, Archives & Workroom Koichi Ishiyama,
Suvendrini Kakuchi
Membership Andrew Horvat, Peter O’Connor
Membership Marketing Anthony Rowley
Professional Activities Fred Varcoe, Ayako Mie
Public Relations Dan Sloan
Publications Albert Siegel
Special Projects Haruko Watanabe
Membership Andrew Horvat, Peter O'Connor

Features
Tapestries for the Empress
by Hans Brinkmann

6

Mr. Smith Goes to Tokyo (Part 2)
by Charles Smith

9

America Last: Asia-Pacific Trade Negotiations Under Trump
by Anthony Rowley

12

Last Month in Photos
Club Members Share Their Best Shots

14

Club News
Exhibition: Saigon
by Megumi Asaoka

16“Killing Time in Tokyo” and “The Girl Who Danced Her Tears Away”
A Book Break with Author John Boyd

17

• New in the Library• New Members

18

Foreign Press in Japan Robin Harding

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04 | FCCJ | MAY 2018

Front Page

From thePresidentThe establishment in 1998 of the Keizo
Obuchi government was a major positive turning point for foreign correspondents in Japan. That’s because the late Prime
Minister Obuchi was eager for his voice and thepolicies of his cabinet to reach foreign countries,
directly from the mouths of Japanese officials.
To achieve that, Obuchi selected as his
spokesman to the foreign press one of the finest Ministry of Foreign Affairs officials, Akitaka
Saiki. Weekly sessions ensued at the Sori Kantei – the prime minister’s official residence – for
MOFA-accredited correspondents. I was one ofthem, and I knew if I missed a session I’d missgetting valuable first-hand accounts of – andquotes on – Japanese domestic and diplomatic
policies. Saiki-san was one of the most eloquent
spokesmen I have met in Japan. He always gave
hungry correspondents something to reporton, with very informative great and spicy
quotes, calculated to grab foreign readers’attention.
With the passing away of Obuchi two years
later, the Kantei and the Foreign Ministry maintained those briefings. A series of very capableand good speakers continued to accommodate
the foreign press and its questions. I remember
Yoshikawa-san, who is now a high ranking official of Japan International Cooperation Agency,

Letter to
the Editor
April 28, 2018

R

oger Screffler’s letter to the editor lastmonth referred to a new by-law “prohibiting associate members servingon the board from voting on press-related
issues including who qualifies for regularmembership.” If the proposed by-law change
was passed by the general membership meeting, it certainly has not been communicated tothe associate membership. I would expect theassociate membership to be unhappy with this

who used to sometimes call us to provide
updated information on a developing story.
Such briefings are a matter of course inmost advanced countries. Foreign correspondents get the chance to meet heads of states
or prime ministers of the countries they servein regular sessions.
Neither I nor any of my colleagues thought
the day would come when such normal practices would become history here in Japan. But
as LDP power weakened a decade or so ago,such briefings were gradually disappearing.
When the LDP lost power and the Japan Democratic Party took over the Kantei in 2009, theKantei briefings stopped up to my knowledge.
Meanwhile, prime ministers had long since
stopped appearing at FCCJ professional functions. Junichiro Koizumi was the last to come,before the Iraq War.
When Shinzo Abe led his party’s return topower at the end of 2012, we prepared to returnto the Kantei for the resumption of the briefings
there, but this was not to be. Unlike Obuchi, who
treated all the foreign media on an equal basis,
Abe seems to favor certain media – whose correspondents in Japan are cherry picked to go to
the Kantei to be given briefings.
As an insider in the Kantei acknowledged
to me recently, the rest of the media havebeen left out. He told me that Prime Minister
Abe, with the support of some of his advisors,
has been cultivating selected senior foreign
journalists in Tokyo, such as bureau chiefs ofcertain media organizations, offering them
individual briefings as a way to “get his message across” to the outside world – and as analternative to having other cabinet members
and senior officials come to the Club to speak.
This approach also avoids the logistical issues
that would be involved if they dealt with all
foreign media on an equal basis.

The Kantei official referred to the fact that
attendance by foreign correspondents at FCCJ
professional events has decreased, saying thishas not gone unnoticed by government people. Thus high officials have less incentive to
speak at the Club nowadays.
For foreign media left out of the handpicked
few who are invited for Kantei briefings,
depriving us of officials’ presence at the Clubis a double whammy.
One related point I also heard from the official
in this regard refers to the fact that our FCCJ
news events are conducted in English whenpossible. This makes the FCCJ less attractive to
non-Japanese Asian correspondents operatingin Tokyo nowadays who are more comfortablewith Japanese than with English, he pointed out.
The unwillingness of the Kantei to invite all
foreign correspondents on equal basis, andthe boycotting of the FCCJ for a prime ministerial visit are major issues I have been giving
attention to.
The American Embassy in Japan admits
journalists who hold FCCJ membership cards
to its news events, one very positive indicator
regarding the importance of the Club. Our
mission is to expand the acceptance of Club
cardholders for other news events in Japan.
The Tokyo 2020 Olympics is around the corner and the Japanese organizing committee
has shown a great deal of respect and attention to the FCCJ by giving the Club’s committee membership. I spoke at a plenary session
and confirmed we at the FCCJ are more than
ready to be a dynamic force in supporting
media coverage of the Olympics.
At the same time, we must call upon the
Kantei to reconsider its policies and strive,
once again, to get its message out to all foreign
media “without fear or favor.”● Khaldon Azhari

kind of restriction, or with any kind of restriction placed on associate board members.
I do wonder what is so special about“press-related” issues that associate members
would not be able to have a valid opinion
about them. How is “press-related” defined?
In the end, the question is whether a vote is in
the interest of the club as a whole. I can well
imagine situations in which associates arequite capable of judgement on these matters.
Recent history of the club provides us
with enough examples of journalist-dominated boards taking business and personnel
decisions which – lacking relevant businessexperience – they were not qualified for. Outsourcing, and the move to a new building, justto mention the two most important decisionsof recent years, are examples. Would Roger
not agree that we should then also consider
a similar by-law change to restrict voting byregular members on non-press issues? Issues
that specifically relate to business or personnel
matters? But this is not the point I want to make.
The main issue is whether it is possible forby-laws to restrict any board members’ voting
power without restricting their fiduciary responsibility. Every board member has a fiduciary
responsibility that cannot be restricted, not evenby by-laws. I trust the kanji would agree and that
this particular by-law change therefore is invalid.
● Willem Kortekaas
Associate Board member

MAY 2018 | FCCJ | 05

From the Archives

EllisonOnizuka—NASA
Astronautby CHARLES POMEROYDCOMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG
FCCJ

isplaying a model of NASA’s space
shuttle is United States Air Force
Major Ellison Onizuka at an FCCCJ
professional luncheon on June 21,
1983. Naoaki Usui (McGraw-Hill), standing infor FCCJ president Karel van Wolferen (NRC
Handelsblad), lends an approving smile to his
description of the shuttle.
A Japanese-American who had been selected for NASA’s shuttle program in 1978, Onizuka
was to become in January of 1985 the first person of Asian ancestry flown into space when
he crewed as a “mission specialist” on Space
Shuttle Discovery. A year later, on January 28,
1986, he was to die along with six other crew
members in the shocking explosion of Space
Shuttle Challenger.
Although he would die at age 39, Ellison Shoji Onizuka achieved much in his short life. Born
on June 24, 1946, in Kona, Hawaii, and raised ina rural setting, he excelled as a youth in scholastics and sports as well as farm-focused 4-H
Club activities and the Boy Scouts. He graduated from high school with honors in 1964.
He then attended the University of Colorado,
where he earned a BS degree in aeronauticalengineering in 1968 and an MA in aerospaceengineering in 1969. Onizuka became a pilot
after joining the Air Force in January of 1970
and within four years had become a test pilot.
That, in turn, led to his selection in 1978 as an
astronaut candidate for NASA’s space shuttle program, one of 35 selected from 8,000
applicants.
Fame, and an upgrade in rank to lieutenantcolonel, came to Onizuka following the successful Discovery mission in 1985, a classified
military space flight. That, in turn, led to his
selection for the more civilian-centered Challenger mission, which included Christa McAuliffe as the first school teacher in space among
the six other crew members of varied backgrounds representative of America. Unusual
cold weather apparently caused the failureof vulnerable rubber sealants on the rocket
boosters, which resulted in the explosion 73
seconds after launch. Challenger was torn

apart and the lives of its seven crew members
were lost on that fateful day.
Posthumously, Ellison Onizuka was promoted to colonel and awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, adding to hislong list of awards for earlier achievements.
To honor his memory, a U.S. Air Force station, an asteroid and a crater on the moon

as well as a number of educational facilities
were named after him. He is buried in the
National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacificin Honolulu, Hawaii.
● Charles Pomeroy is editor of Foreign
Correspondents in Japan, a history of the clubthat is available at the front desk.

06 | FCCJ | MAY 2018

FeatureTapestries for
the Empress
by HANS BRINKMANN

I“So muchhappened in thefive years we lived
there, studying
Buddhism and the
Noh theatre andmaking music.”n October 1961, during a vaca1918 as Germany faced its disastrous
tion in the Netherlands fromdefeat in the First World War. Wilhelm
Japan – where I worked as afled into exile in the neutral Netherbanker – my wife, Toyoko, andlands and purchased the stately Huis
I paid a visit to my parents in the leafy
Doorn not far from Kraaybeek, where
town of Doorn, in the province ofhe spent the rest of his life, from 1920
Utrecht. During our brief stay at theuntil his death in 1941.
Koetshuis, a bed & breakfast in the
Lubienski went on to say that henearby village of Driebergen, we had
had been born in Poland in 1893 anda most unusual encounter. The Koethad had many occupations in his life,
shuis – the former coach house of aranging from painting and teachingstately mansion by the name of Kraay- Count Stefan Lubienski
to trading and diplomacy, and had
beek – was situated on the mansion’s
worked in many countries, including
extensive grounds. The mansion itself served as an Japan. His eyes grew distant as he mentioned Japan.
exclusive retirement home, and the Koetshuis offered “Ah, Japan. You see, I had studied piano and compoaccommodation to visitors and outsiders alike.
sition in Vienna, with the idea of launching a musicalWe registered at the front desk in the mansion, career. But I was much more interested in philosowalked over to the Koetshuis and checked into our phy, metaphysics and Eastern religions, and wantedroom. Later that day the front manager called to say to go and live in Japan.”that the mansion’s director, “Count Lubienski,” hadSince my arrival in Japan in 1950, I too had studnoticed our Japanese address and would very much ied Buddhism and Japanese culture. Noticing mylike to meet us, as he too had lived in Japan. We were interest, he told us more. He moved to Paris in 1920
invited to join him for tea in the mansion’s salon.
and there met Zina, a lady from an aristocratic PolishWe were greeted by a tall, courteous gentleman, family, who also had her eyes on Japan and, likewise,
who introduced himself as “Stefan Lubienski, the had a musical education. They got married andhost of this retirement home.” He explained that the booked their trip, “third class, for we were very poor,
home was operated by the Anthroposophical Soci- you know!” They arrived in Yokohama in March 1921
ety, a spiritual movement based on Rudolf Steiner’s after a sea voyage of 44 days.
philosophy. It counted among its residents a Princess“My memories of Japan are precious and unforHohenzollern, a close relative of Germany’s last Kai- gettable,” he said. “So much happened in the fiveser, Wilhelm II, who had been forced to abdicate in years we lived there, studying Buddhism and the

MAY 2018 | FCCJ | 07

Noh theatre and making music.” The beginning
was a struggle. The couple survived by drawing
postcards by hand, which he hawked door to door.
Then they turned to weaving tapestries, a skill they
had learned in Paris. It took a while, but eventually
they managed to find a market. “In the end even the
Empress bought them!” he added rather proudly.
Despite their modest means, his family background allowed them to move in the best circles.
“Overalls by day, tuxedo by night!” is how the countphrased it. The terrible earthquake of 1923 that devastated Tokyo and Yokohama killed their tapestry
business, but they managed to stay on a few more
years, to continue their studies. “I wanted to stayforever, among those spiritual people, but I couldn’t.
We had to go back to Europe.”
After returning to Poland in 1926 Lubienski joineda firm that traded with Holland, and he was sent toRotterdam. Apart from the war years, he had lived
there ever since.
That, in broad strokes, was the story of his colorfullife. I was fascinated, not so much by the wealth of
his experience as by his mind. He was elegant andcharming, but it was his intellectual and spiritualside that appealed to my probing, searching 29-year
old self. Unexpectedly, he asked if I would be willingto give a talk on “Japanese life and culture” for the
residents of the house. I readily accepted, and hepromptly invited us to join them for dinner at themain house that evening.
My talk took place two weeks later. I don’t recall
what I talked about, but it turned out to be a rather
lively and pleasant evening. The count came dressedin a faded, formal kimono preserved from his Japanese past. He welcomed us most warmly, and introduced us to his then-wife (who was not Zina; thiswife said she had not been to Japan). The residents,
mostly well-heeled old ladies, were clearly delighted
with this exotic happening.
The count had prepared a little exhibition of hismodest collection of Japanese objects, which he hadtreasured all those years. Teacups, a doll in kimono,lacquered chopsticks. Also old postcards of Mt. Fuji
and the Polish countryside, which he said he had
hand-painted himself… After my talk, tea and cakes
were served, and even a good glass of wine to grace
the occasion and loosen the tongues.
Almost six decades have passed since this brief
experience, which took firm root in my memory. I
wanted to verify some of the more unusual details of
his story. My initial enquiries on the internet turned
up two references. One was the autobiography of
the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. At thetime of the Lubienskis’ arrival in Japan, Wright wasliving in Tokyo to oversee the building of the New
Imperial Hotel, designed by him, the construction ofwhich had begun in 1916. Wright writes:“The management of the Imperial allowed me
to build a modest little nook for myself in the new

Picture postcard dated 1 April 1962 from Stefan Lubienski
showing Het Koetshuis

temporary annex. … Into these charming quarters
we now went. There was a small grand piano – there
were few in Tokio, and our friends were all capableof making good music. … We knew a good many
interesting people and some charming Russians in
Tokio[sic], among them the talented Polish Countand Countess Lubienski.”
The hotel was due to open on September 1, 1923, buton that very day the Great Kanto Earthquake struck,
destroying most of Tokyo and Yokohama. More than
140,000 people died in the disaster. Wright, who had
returned to the States, anxiously awaited news of thehotel’s fate. At last, on September 13, Western Uniondelivered a telegram with this message:“Hotel stands undamaged as monument of yourgenius.”The Lubienskis were not so lucky. Although they survived the earthquake, their workshop was damaged
beyond repair. They had to stop making tapestries, forwhich in any case the demand had evaporated.
The other reference was on the website of The
International Shakuhachi Society where I found thefollowing note to a CD in their catalogue of recorded
music for shakuhachi (the Japanese bamboo flute)composed by Seifu Yoshida, a prominent shakuhachi
player and composer at the time:“When the Polish nobleman, Count Lubienski, visited Japan…he commissioned this music for a balletof his creation, inspired by ancient Greek sculpture,
expressing the chaste devotions offered by the
Athenian maidens to their gods.” The composition
was given the name Inori and is known as Adoration
in English. Yoshida, by the way, often performed
together with the legendary blind player of the
koto (the Japanese horizontal harp) Michiyo Miyagi,
whom I came to admire in Japan.

The beginning wasa struggle. The
couple survived bydrawing postcardsby hand, which hehawked door todoor. Then theyturned to weaving
tapestries, a skill
they had learnedin Paris.

08 | FCCJ | MAY 2018

Feature“I made picture
postcards, by hand
and, whether I
liked that or not,hawked themdoor to door. Veryoriginal, Polishfolk art in the Far
East!

I found no other record of Lubienski’s time inJapan. Then I had an idea. I wrote for information to
the Anthroposophical Society in the Netherlands.
Thanks to the material they kindly and promptly provided, including selections from Lubienski’s journal,
I was able to fill in some of the blanks in my sketchy
recollections. What I learned is that a friend of Lubienski’s, a Frenchman he met in Paris who also had
his sights set on Japan, suggested they learn how
to knot and weave tapestries “as there is nobody
in Japan doing that.” The friend was convinced thatthey could make a living that way. Together theyspent many nights “in a Parisian basement” teachingthemselves the necessary techniques. They werevery poor. During their Paris period Lubienski provided for his wife and himself by doing backbreaking
work as a laborer in a paper factory. Once they felt
sufficiently confident about their acquired skill theybooked their third-class passage to Japan.
A generous Japanese nobleman to whom Lubienski had an introduction offered them a small
house to live in, free of charge, in the seaside townof Atami. They had to import wool from Australia
before they could start on the tapestries. Meanwhile,
wrote Lubienski, “I made picture postcards, by hand
and, whether I liked that or not, hawked them door
to door. Very original, Polish folk art in the Far East!
But if you have to draw every one of them yourself
you can’t produce more than 100 a day – anyway,that was my record. I couldn’t charge more than fora printed postcard, and for every one I sold I had
to ring dozens of doorbells . . . At last, with the firstrolled-up tapestry on my shoulder, I left for a roundof visits to art lovers.”
He took the night-boat from Atami to Tokyo andcalled on “Baron Kondo,” who introduced him to “thehead of a department store, who might allow me tohold an exhibition. And believe it or not, in October
Mr. Kurachi can make a large space available for us!”
The exhibition proved his big break. Eventually
he formed a partnership with an architect named
Horikoshi who had visited the exhibition, andtogether they opened a “well-equipped workshop
with new looms and workers and the security of aregular income. . . . The Horikoshi-Lubienski partnership soon became well-known. I made tapestries for
Horikoshi’s houses. . . . Newspapers write about us,
the empress orders our products.”
And then it all came to an abrupt end with the devastating earthquake. “We are on the train to Tokyo,” wrote
Lubienski in his journal, “returning from a holiday.
Suddenly the train shakes and in the distance we see
enormous clouds of dust and smoke. . . . The last stretch
we have to walk. It’s dark when we arrive home. Smokeand ashes everywhere and silent, stunned people. Our
house is still there. But what now?”
Without wasting time, Lubienski changed tack.
Because he and Zina wanted to stay on to continue
studying Japanese culture, he had to find anothersource of income quickly. Anticipating the needfor stenographers by insurance adjusters arrivingfrom abroad, he took a crash course in shorthandfrom a self-help book, and was promptly hired. Afterthe insurance people had gone home, he joined an
established British import-export firm as department manager. With a secure income (“The highest
I’ve ever received!”) the couple could now devote
themselves more fully to their private pursuits.
Besides the spiritual studies, Lubienski continued
composing and writing for the stage. But when in
1926 his employer needed to downsize in the face ofincreasing competition from Japanese firms, Lubienski decided it was time to leave.
They returned to Poland in September 1926, taking the Trans-Siberian Railway. “While on the train,”noted Lubienski in his autobiography, “I wrote mybook about the Japanese soul and its future.” Soon
his work in a Polish trading firm brought him toHolland. The Second World War Lubienski spentin France in various disguises, mostly working for
the Maquis resistance. In 1945 he returned to theNetherlands, as Polish consul-general in The Hague.
When the Soviet communist domination over Poland
became a fact, Lubienski took up lecturing and language teaching in the Netherlands until, in 1959, he
was offered his position at Kraaybeek.
A raging fire destroyed the Kraaybeek mansion
in 1969, killing seven of its residents. Lubienski survived, but seven years later, when he was 82, deathcame to this man who
evidently possessed such a thirst for knowledge
and experience, both spiritual and broadly cultural,that he had allowed nothing to stand in the way ofquenching it. He had not let his aristocratic upbringing keep him from working as a common laborer
when poverty required it, and he had embraced
the artisan’s life in his quest for a reliable source ofincome. Perhaps he recognized the intrinsic value
and dignity of even the humblest kind of work.

● Hans Brinkmann has been living in Japan on
and off since 1950. He is the author of several booksof fiction, non-fiction, history and poetry as well as
many essays. For more information about his workand activities, see his English/Japanese website atwww.habri.jp.

MAY 2018 | FCCJ | 09

FeatureMr. SmithGoes to
Tokyo
PART

2

by CHARLES SMITH

W

ould Japan, to counter theoil shock’s damage to its
trade balance, return with a
vengeance to its widely condemned 1960s template and flood the world
with a “heavy rain” of exports?
In the fall of the first year of the reopened
Financial Times Tokyo Bureau, 1973, this was
still a looming issue. Instead of tackling it
directly I said, in two lengthy feature articles
published in late November and early the following January, that 1974 was shaping up to be“the most difficult year” in the country’s economic history since the immediate aftermathof the Second World War.

KOHJI SHIIKI

When Charles Smith arrived inTokyo in 1973 as Financial Times
bureau chief, he had no idea he'dend up spending most of therest of his life here. Now 82 andstill an FCCJ Regular member,he's been writing his memoirs
and has consented to share withus accounts of some of the mostmemorable moments in a longand interesting career. Here is
the second installment.

I argued that Japan would be forced torethink many of its basic foreign and economic policies, not just in trade but also in
diplomacy. Ideas on foreign aid allocation andinvestment would need to be revised so as togive preference to countries that could sellenergy – Indonesia, for example – while curbing ties with resource-poor neighbours suchas South Korea. Money would probably haveto be poured into huge and risky resource processing schemes in the Middle East that hadbarely caught Japan’s eye before the shokku.
Stalled negotiations on investments inresource-rich Russia and China would have tobe restarted, I predicted, but would not be limited to raw materials development. To please
China – then incorrectly seen as a possibly
significant oil supplier – Japan would have toallow Beijing to have its way on the terms ofa deadlocked aviation agreement. This would
humiliate an older friend by blocking flights
to Tokyo by Taiwan’s China Airlines, because
Chinese Communist and Nationalist airliners
couldn’t meet on the same tarmac. To influence Russia, Japan would need to help build
an oil pipeline from eastern Siberia to Russia’s

Pacific coast. That would be in return for 25
million tons of Siberian oil.
In order to bring my analysis to a suitably
dramatic close I said that one other thingthat might have to go was the “assumption ofpolitical stability,” at home. This was my own,
far out, personal guess, offered without any
support from external sources.
I do not think I believed that the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, in power for 20 years,
risked being unseated by the elite Marxistsof the Japan Socialist Party, even in an oil
crisis. What did seem to have happened,though, was that a self-confident world hadvanished. Was Tokyo faced with more fundamental changes than anyone had dreamedof in the 1960s to early ‘70s? Was it time fora country that could do anything to learnsome new lessons?
So pressing did it seem to get thosethoughts in print that I stayed behind in Tokyoon New Year’s Day, 1974, typing in a corridor
overlooking the tranquil garden of our home,while my family made a trip to the seaside
resort of Hayama. It was a case of family
harmony versus professional stress, of which
there would be many more I the weeks andmonths that followed.
Japan didn’t come apart the way I seemed
to be suggesting. But before I plead guilty toreporting a train wreck that didn’t happen, I
should say that something had gone wrong
by the end of 1973. I believe Japan’s growthstrategy from the early 1960s to the early ‘70s
reflected an unduly casual view of its place inthe world.
Because of an almost total lack of natural
resources, the economy had been based
during that period of “miracle” growth onimporting huge amounts of raw materials. Oiland gas, metals and minerals were consumed
at home or processed and re-exported as
manufactured goods. As part of that scenario
Japan had, by 1973, become the world’s biggest oil importer – accounting for between andeight and nine per cent of world consumption.
DOMINANT SOURCE
Energy use had risen faster than GDP growththroughout the booming 1960s, and oil and hadtaken over as the economy’s dominant sourceof fuel following the closure of an inefficientand low yielding coal industry in the 1950s. By
1971 imported oil’s share of Japanese energy
sources had passed 70 per cent, with most ofthat coming from the Middle East. What is barely credible from a distance of decades is that,
until the crisis struck, the political implicationsof this change seemed to be unnoticed.

10 | FCCJ | MAY 2018

FeatureThe reason presumably was that oil seemed
to be painlessly obtainable from a network of
American and European oil “majors,” which
acted as intermediaries between Japan andthe producing countries. No one in Tokyo
appears to have foreseen during those brilliant decades that the Middle Eastern nations
that were the original producers of much of
the oil could challenge the majors’ trading oligopoly. If they could do that they could also
play off oil against politics.
When neglect of this possibility came in
the autumn of 1973 to be seen as an astonishing lapse by Japan’s leaders, a measure ofsurprise and distress was not to be wondered
at. But it still needs to be asked whether theworld and the FT should have labelled Japandisabled. Could we be accused of wishful
thinking?
It seems to me, looking back on FT editors’
reaction to some of our gloomy stories, thatthey weren’t exactly discouraging us. In
Tokyo, our competitors included other pessimists. Meanwhile, in London and New York,
traders in financial markets seemed to havegrown used to telling each other that the Japanese miracle was “over.”In Tokyo what happened was that Prime
Minister Kakuai Tanaka’s main political
rival, Takeo Fukuda, joined the cabinet as
director general of the Economic Planning
Agency. Fukuda was a former elite Ministryof Finance bureaucrat who had headed twoof the Ministry’s main bureaus – banking andbudget – before retiring in 1950 to lead what
had become one of the Liberal Democratic
Party’s biggest conservative factions.
When the FT’s editor Freddie Fischer andI interviewed him in 1976 to ask his views on
the (by then) slowly recovering economy, he
impressed me as relaxed and gracious. (Perhaps I was charmed at being called Smithsan). But in January 1974 what had counted
was dynamism. On his first day in office
Fukuda used his authority to order the Bankof Japan to withdraw support for the overvalued yen. In the next few days, ever-readybureaucrats under his direction drafted arange of measures that switched the economy from fairly loose to ultra-tight money.
TRADE POLICY
A crucial area of change was trade policy.
Fukuda scrapped the use of interest rate
differentials at government banks as a way
to discourage exports. Instead the Japan
Export-Import Bank began encouraging
exports with cheap loans. This was a returnto the distant days of the Occupation whenthe Americans had urged Japan to use allavailable means to improve its trade balance.
While that was happening the bureaucrats
at MITI were starting to mobilize unused
capacity in industry to feed what would
become a new export binge. From the media
arose a chorus on how to become savvy in theneglected art of conserving energy.
The Foreign Ministry also had something to
do. Diplomats were told to pass on the message that – believe it or not – Japan still wanted
to increase manufactured goods imports from
Europe and was not about to overwhelm theeconomies of friendly industrial competitors.
We heard that improved export finance would
be used mainly to increase sales of manufactures to primary producers who were structurally in surplus with Japan. Japan would still
be a responsible member of the community ofadvanced industrial nations – perhaps just a
shade less responsible than usual.
This was the theme of a succession of eloquent weekly briefings from the Gaimusho’s
friendly and articulate press spokesman. It
was good for our relationship that when we
met around this time at an embassy dinnerparty we didn’t discuss trade. He told me how
he admired the two Brahms sonatas for celloand piano and I stretched credibility by saying
I could play them.
Over the next two or three years one of
my main themes turned out to be the patient
but fundamental restructuring of Japaneseindustry following a slogan which I had
picked up somewhere. Perhaps the idea
came from one of the bilingual Japan-watchers in American consulting companies who
had won their linguistic spurs as interpreters
during the Pacific War.
FOUR WORDS
The four-word motto – kei, haku, tan, sho (light,
thin, short, small) – was a call to redesign andconvert the leading edge of Japanese industry
from resource-greedy sectors such as shipbuilding and steel to goods which stressed
added value and innovative design over raw
material content. These could be small tractors, mini cars, hand held calculators, industrial or home-use robots, computer-controlledmachine tools and many others.
The aim was to shift the economy into new
directions while reducing oil imports and, inthe same breath, to steal a march on world
markets with a range of products that westerncountries had not thought of. It worked. Within six months after I had churned out thosedisaster scenarios in the closing weeks of 1973,
I was writing features with titles like “Japan’s

Exports for a Changing World” and warningof a new era of structural Japanese trade surpluses that was soon to come.
That was an understatement. By April 1974
exports were up by 40 per cent over a year
earlier and the long term capital deficit had
fallen by over $1 billion in the closing months of1973 to $160 million. In July, in a feature tactfully
entitled “Pressures May Produce a New Sense
of Purpose,” I reported that officials expected abalance of payments deficit of $5 billion for the
fiscal year ending March 1975, only half what
had been forecast in December 1973.
As part of the story I tried to explain how
Japan, instead of being a conventional capitalist nation featuring private business and independent regulatory authorities, was run by a
combined public-private team consisting of
graduates from a handful of top universities.
These people were making their way along a

MAY 2018 | FCCJ | 11

single career path starting with membershipin an elite bureaucracy and leading to senior
posts in a highly competitive, yet carefully
coordinated, private sector.
The two sides worked together because elite
young bureaucrats hoped to end their careers
as company presidents, and those who had
already made the shift from public to private
were willing to work with kohai (former juniors
from their own colleges). The procedure thatlinked the two sides was known by the magic
four-Chinese character phrase gyosei shido –administrative guidance.
This expression had become popular withformer Japanese language interpreters for the
US armed forces who were now active interpreters of a changed Japan. But it was older
than them. The system of what Chinese mightcall “lips-and-teeth” collaboration between
business leaders and bureaucrats was a holdover from World War II.
If one needed signs of continuity it wasn’t
hard to be nostalgic. In my second year inTokyo I interviewed the head of the aircraft
industry division at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries while researching a story on Japan’s
efforts to re-create its aircraft sector after theold one had been systematically demolishedby the Occupation. He was the soft-spoken sonof General Hideki Tojo, Japan’s longest serving
wartime prime minister.
The Ministry of International Trade andIndustry (MITI), the mastermind of innovationin the years after the oil shock, had its own
streak of continuity. MITI had been establishedin 1949 as part of an American-sponsored planfor Japan to revive its economy by boosting
exports of manufactured goods. The drab
headquarters of the new ministry, in Tokyo’s
Kasumigaseki district, had housed the Ministry of Munitions up to 1945.
KISHA KURABU
The Team Japan theme provided the basis formany news stories and features on Japan’s
post-oil shock recovery which I wrote between
1974 and 1978. When the economy was backon track the next job was to describe how thesame Japanese bureaucrats were warding offpressures from the United States and Europe
to reduce massive trade surpluses.
In both cases my sources were similar. I talked
to general trading companies (sogo shosha)
on the Japanese side and to Western diplomats and envoys who needed to negotiateexport restraint agreements with Tokyo without breaking the rules of international trade.
The underlying doctrine of a resourceful
Japan was fed to me by a handful of bureau-

A wristwatch assembly line in Japan during the early 1970’s.

crats at MITI, including a couple of vice ministers for international affairs.
These officials were the most senior people
on the international trade side of the Ministry.
(There was a separate hierarchy of officials on
the industry side who were involved in what
seemed to be permanent conflict with the tradewing). They were fluent English speakers in anation still renowned for its fumbling foreign
language ability; and they used their skills to tella tale of Japan’s struggle to survive and rebuild.
I was innocent or credulous enough to thinkthat this was close to the real story. But there
was one other factor I haven’t yet mentioned.
This was (and is) the kisha kurabu – reporters’ clubs – which gave reporters from a few
powerful Japanese media exclusive briefings
at individual ministries. The arrangement was
scandalously biased – all the more so because
it was assumed that selected writers would
report favorably on everything they were told.
When I look back on my early years in Tokyo I
can see that something like a gaijin – foreigner– kisha kurabu existed at MITI, with me as oneof its more dedicated members.
As a kurabu member you naturally wrote what
you were told but, in return, you were on theinside of the story. I remember being fascinated by reports on how a vice-minister hadordered Toyota Motor Corporation and Nissan
Motor Company to cut back “voluntarily” oncar exports to the United States at a moment
when Detroit seemed about to force its government to introduce import quotas. The
order provoked fury but was obeyed.
There were plenty of other cases where wethought we could see senior bureaucrats setting out for protégé industries lines of conductthat were usually followed, though sometimes
under protest and often after modification.

In MITI’s case the protégés included the electronics, petrochemical, motor vehicle andsteel industries and the textiles sector thenstill powerful.
Similar teams of bureaucrats and relatedcompanies existed in other sectors such as
post and telecoms and pharmaceuticals.
While this might seem a far-fetched comparison it now strikes me as something like theage-old European term “sheep farming,” withcompanies cast as the sheep and bureaucrats
as highly trained sheep dogs.
The Japanese sheep farmers were getting
results. During the 18 months after I wrote
my pessimistic 1974 new year’s feature Japan
moved from what had seemed like semi-bankruptcy to what we admiringly ( or uncomfortably) began to call chronic surplus. The balanceof payments was in the black by $3.6 billion in
fiscal year 1975. The overvalued yen of December 1973 was back to being undervalued.
At the FT in London the debate was between
admirers of the world’s possibly most competitive industrial nation and a bevy of commentators who set out to the prove the impossibilityof doing business with the country because of
non-tariff trade barriers (NTBs) and so called“positive” lists of approved imports in some of
the most sensitive sectors (anything not listed
was disapproved). It was characteristic thatwhen the paper discussed such things in its
editorials we often referred, not to the country
by name, but to “The Japanese.”● Charles Smith is a veteran of 45 years with
the Club, including 11 years as Financial Times
Tokyo bureau chief and two stints as bureau
chief of the Far Eastern Economic Review. He
lives in Tokyo and continues as an FCCJ regularmember.

12 | FCCJ | MAY 2018

FeatureAmerica Last:
Asia-Pacific Trade
Negotiations
Under Trump

C

P
P
PT

by ANTHONY ROWLEY

ILLUSTRATION: KOHJI SHIIKI

P
E
RC
A

ggressive bilateralism has been the hallmark of US president Donald Trump’s
approach to foreign trade deals from the
day he entered the White House. So why
his apparent about-face now with regard to the multilateral Trans Pacific Partnership agreement that hepreviously shunned?
Coming on the eve of Trump’s decision to bomb
Syria the decision by Trump to have his officials
reexamine the case for US participation in the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), as the TPP has now been re-named,
could be seen as a “conversion on the road toDamascus.”
But if the surprise move means anything beyond
the US leader’s penchant for toying with ideas,

throwing them away and then expecting others topick up after him, it signals a belated realizationthat multilateralism can be useful even to a president who puts “America first” in everything.
There is strength in numbers. By quitting the original twelve-nation TPP agreement Trump robbed
himself of support from Japan and others on key
issues such as demanding better protection of intellectual property rights by China. But this is only one
part of a much larger story.
The TPP was more than simply a free trade agreement or even a broader economic partnershipagreement. Promoted aggressively by former US
President Barrack Obama and by Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, it was in effect a device to manage
the rise of China as an Asia-Pacific power.

MAY 2018 | FCCJ | 13

P

ILLUSTRATION: KOHJI SHIIKI

Its membership would have included two of theworld's biggest economies – the US and Japan – alongwith Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam. And
it would have accounted for more than 40 per cent of
global gross domestic product, or value added.
More than just that, the TPP would have been apowerful rule-setting body in everything from tradeand investment to labor rights, foreign investment,
the environment and intellectual property. It was
designed to be a super-sovereign body with power toenforce its rules.
In his zeal to undo just about anything done by his
predecessor Obama and to practice “the art of thedeal” with individual countries, Trump overlooked
the fact that the US would have been in a powerful
position to call the shots within the TPP and in Asia.
Instead, he created a kind of power vacuum into
which was drawn the rival Regional Comprehensive
Economic Partnership composed of the ten member
states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
plus Japan, China, India, Australia, New Zealand andSouth Korea.
For many Asian nations (Vietnam and Indonesia,
to take just two examples) that RCEP is an attractive proposition in that its rules do not demand
handing over large chunks sovereign power to a
newly created authority in the way that the original TPP would have done.
China, a critically important trade and investment
partner of many Asian countries, likes this looser
arrangement too, as its freedom to continue operating a state-dominated economy would remain intact
under RCEP (which is now at an advanced stage ofnegotiation).
Meanwhile, to Trump’s surprise and chagrin, Japanand ten other Asia Pacific economies did not foldin response to his decision to quit the TPP, did notagree to stick to bilateral trade and investment as heproposed. Instead, they decided to push on with arevamped TPP.
This means that the Asia Pacific region now has
two viable regional trade and economic groupings – one of which, the RCEP, has the potential toserve as a regional security arrangement also. The
only power left out of both is, ironically, the UnitedStates itself.
Instead of admitting his error in making such
hasty moves in this politico-economic chess gameand attempting new diplomacy, Trump threatened
trade wars centering on the imposition of US importtariffs. He riled China and Japan in this regard andthey are now making common cause against him.
China’s President Xi Jinping, meanwhile, has deftly sidestepped confrontation by offering to review
tariffs on some Chinese imports and to reexamine
the issue of intellectual property rights. Such diplomacy seems aimed at cooling the US leader’s ardor
for impetuous action.

It also appears aimed at calming the waters
while China moves ahead with building economic,
military and diplomatic might in Asia and beyond.
As some policy experts note, China is bent onachieving the position of regional hegemon in Asia
and Trump appears to be aiding this objective.
The US president now has reason to fear that
his country is being pushed to the sidelines as heseeks to overturn his predecessor’s “pivot toward
Asia,” which saw the TPP as a critical instrument inachieving this goal. Under Trump, the US has beenwishing itself into the wilderness.
Trump may have picked up on the fact that the US
is unlikely to receive an open-arms welcome fromall eleven other members of the original TPP if it
insists on a “substantially better” deal than Obama
negotiated as a condition for re-entry. New Zealandfor one is cool toward accommodating the US.
The CPTPP in its diluted form could be one thatappeals to more Asian countries (including China)that were not so keen as the former Obama administration on a so-called “high level” agreement.
This could mean that the CPTPP and RCEP end up
looking not so different from each other.
In that case, China for one could end up beinga player in both, or even a merged version of thetwo, while the US finds itself on the outside of both
the CPTPP and RCEP. If so, Trump will have only
himself to blame for tearing up the original TPP
agreement.
Even Japan’s trade minister, Toshimitsu Motegi,
has cautioned that it would be difficult to renegotiate the TPP to suit the US (even though Abe, theprime minister, appears ready to accommodate
any wish of Trump’s).
What's more, Abe is looking increasingly like alame duck leader in the light of recent revelationsof alleged cronyism on his part. So, even if Abedoes promise to smooth the way back in for Trump
he may have difficulty selling the idea to the Japanese parliament and people.
The US could also find greater resistance than
Mr Trump has expected in persuading Japan togive it greater access to agricultural and motor
vehicle markets under a prospective bilateral tradedeal between the two countries – especially in theevent we soon see a post-Abe administration.
There are plenty of reasons why Trump should
be casting glances at the CPTPP again. But heshould not expect to demand reentry on his own
terms after spurning the arrangement with hasteand derision the moment he came to office.
● Anthony Rowley is a former Business Editor andInternational Finance Editor of the Hong Kong-based
Far Eastern Economic Review and has spent some 40
years writing on Asian affairs from Singapore, Hong
Kong and Tokyo. He currently writes for the Singapore
Business Times, among other publications.

To Trump’s
surprise andchagrin, Japanand ten other Asia
Pacific economies
did not fold inresponse to his
decision to quit
the TPP, did notagree to stick tobilateral trade andinvestment as heproposed. Instead,they decided topush on with arevamped TPP

14 | FCCJ | MAY 2018

Feature1

Last Monthin Photos
Club Members Share Their Best Shots

2

MAY 2018 | FCCJ | 15

3
1. A staff member stands on a digital
installation during a media previewof the MORI Building DIGITAL ART
MUSEUM: EPSON teamLab Borderlesson April 26, 2018 in Tokyo, Japan. The
new digital museum, a collaborative
project between the real estatedeveloper Mori Building Company
and digital art collective teamLab, isscheduled to open in the Odaiba areaof Tokyo on June 21, 2018. Photo by
Tomohiro Ohsumi
2. Members of the media look at adigital installation during a media
preview of the MORI Building DIGITALART MUSEUM: EPSON teamLab
Borderless on April 26, 2018 in Tokyo,
Japan. The new digital museum, acollaborative project between thereal estate developer Mori Building
Company and digital art collective
teamLab, is scheduled to open in the
Odaiba area of Tokyo on June 21, 2018.
Photo by Tomohiro Ohsumi
3. A mounted archer wearing
traditional Japanese costumeparticipates in a horseback archery''Yabusame'' event at Sumida Parkin Asakusa district on April 21, 2018,
Tokyo, Japan. The annual event isheld in Sumida Park by horseback
archers aiming arrows at a target froma galloping horse. Photo by Rodrigo
Reyes Marin

4

4. Anti-Abe protesters gather in front
the National Diet Building chanting
for Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's
resignation on April 14, 2018, Tokyo,
Japan. Organizers claim about 30,000
protesters joined the rally demanding
Abe's resignation for the Moritomo
Gakuen and Kake Gakuen scandals.
Photo by Rodrigo Reyes Marin

16 | FCCJ | MAY 2018Club NewsMay Photo Exhibition
MEGUMI ASAOKA

SaigonT

he first time I visited Saigon was in2003 and I have returned a numberof times since to photograph the cityand its people. It has been a periodof transition for this war-torn country. Buildings are rising under the Doi Moi (new change)
Policy. The effects are particularly evident in
the area around Ho Chi Minh City, which has
been undergoing a major facelift. With a map,
I traveled on local buses and walked throughthe different communities. The area acrossthe river was soon to disappear. Houses werefalling into decay as tropical flora sought toreclaim the land. I could not stop taking photographs. Around every corner I turned, there
was something that needed to be preserved
on film before it was lost. Physically, much haschanged since I first started traveling Ho Chi
Minh. One thing that has not changed is thatmany of its residents still refer to the city by its
former name. For them, Saigon will always be
Saigon. Behind the facade of lights and colorthat screens the city, the daily life of the local
people goes on much as it always has.

MAY 2018 | FCCJ | 17

Club News

Reminder: Book Break“Killing Timein Tokyo” and“The Girl Who
Danced Her
Tears Away”
by JOHN BOYD
Tuesday, May 22, 2018 from
6:15 pm to 8:30 pm(The talk will be in English)

T

he idea for Killing Time in Tokyo(fiction) came about after John
Boyd, the author, was approached
by a yakuza in a Yokohama pub
many years ago. Both the man and his boss
who was sitting near by were dressed more
like respectable businessmen rather than thethen movie image of punch perms and flashy
suits. Boyd presumed they were keizai (ecomic-focused) yakuza and that the boss wasinterested in learning English, so Boyd turned
down the invitation. But afterwards, he got tothinking what might have happened had heagreed. Eventually, his imagination took overand Killing Time in Tokyo is the result.
The Girl Who Danced Her Tears Away (fiction) involves an English girl who goes missingin Japan when working here as an English
teacher. Her elder sister back in Liverpool
drops everything and goes to Osaka to searchfor her, and she vows revenge when shelearns of her sister’s fate. Boyd had the basic
idea for this novel long before Lucie Blackman disappeared in Tokyo in 2000. But heincorporated certain events from that tragic
happening into his novel, and owes a previous
Book Break author, Richard Lloyd Parry, a tipof the hat for writing People Who Eat Darkness
because his poignant account of Blackman’s
disappearance and death provided Boyd withbackground for his own story.
The author will spend the latter part of theevening explaining the nuts and bolts of how
he went about self-publishing the two suspense thrillers on Amazon—the world’s largest
bookstore. He will explain how he chose thetitles, acquired the covers, and wrote the bookdescriptions. He will also take you through theprocess of publishing a book manuscript andhow to decide on pricing so that you receive
up to 70% of the sales price—compared to thetypical 12% paid by traditional print publishers.
John Boyd has been freelance writing forover 30 years. Old Japan hands may remember his long-running column Computer Corner that appeared weekly in the Japan Timesduring the 1980s and ’90s. Currently, he strings

for the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers (IEEE) Spectrum magazine, writes
for a variety of outlets on a variety of subjects,
and he’s begun work on his second novel in
The Girl Who Danced series that he plans toturn into a trilogy. Both novels are published
as ebooks and can be read on any Amazon
Kindle or on PCs, Macs and smartphones withthe free software Amazon provides.
The library committee is offering a cocktail
party – "Meet the Author" – starting at 6:15 pm,
followed by dinner at 6:45 pm (Menu: TBD).
Drinks can be ordered on a cash basis fromthe bar in the room. Book Break charges are
2,100yen / 3,500yen (members / non-members) per person. The member price is applicable to members’ guests.
● To FCCJ members: Sign up now at thereception desk (03-3211-3161) or on the FCCJ
website. To help us plan proper seating andfood preparation, please reserve in advance,
preferably by noon of the day of the event.
Those without reservations will be turned
away once available seats are filled. Reservations cancelled less than 24 hours in advance
will be charged in full.
● To non-members: Sign up now at the reception desk by email (front@fccj.or.jp). Pleasereserve and pay in advance by Thursday, May
17. Those without reservations will be turned
away once available seats are filled. No refund
is available unless the event is cancelled forthe reasons on our part.

18 | FCCJ | MAY 2018Club News

New in the Library
1.

2.

3.

4.

Osaka Modern: The City in theJapanese Imaginary
Michael P. Cronin
Harvard University Asia Center

The Fate of the West: The
Battle to Save the World’s Most
Successful Political Idea
Bill Emmott
The Economist Books

Farewell, My Colony: Last Days in
the Life of British Hong Kong
Todd CrowellBlacksmith Books
Gift from Todd Crowell

5.

6.

7.

The Dictionary of the
Asian Language
Todd CrowellBlacksmith Books
Gift from Todd Crowell

PITCH USYOUR STORY
Nanyaku. waei [gokan] jiten
Michihiro Matsumoto
Sakurasha
Gift from Michihiro Matsumoto2020 nen tokyo orinpikku.
Pararinpikku wa tero taisaku no
regashi ni naruka?
Keiichi Yoshikawa
Kindaishobosha
Gift from Keiichi Yoshikawa

New Members
REGULAR MEMBER●● Gearoid Reidy, Bloomberg L.P.
REINSTATEMENT (PROFESSIONAL/
JOURNALIST ASSOCIATE)●● Kurt Hanson, Freelance

Public Relations in Hyperglobalization: Essential
Relationship Management A Japan Perspective
Takashi Inoue
Routledge
Gift from Takashi Inoue

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS●● Billie Cole, Rakuten, Inc.
●● Koji Fujimoto, Tensor Consulting Co., Ltd.
●● Masafumi Hashimoto, Kemin Japan K.K.
●● Mototaka Nakamura, Nakaichi Ltd.
●● Taro Otsuka, Otsuka Warehouse Co., Ltd.
●● Eiichi Seki, Polaris Capital Group Co., Ltd.
●● Kazufumi Suzuki, Taiyo Koko Co., Ltd.
●● Yuichi Tashiro, Tensor Consulting Co., Ltd.

Please send your story ideas tono.1shimbun@fccj.or.jp,
and be sure to note whether you have(or have access to) visuals.
Our rates are ¥20 per published word,¥20,000 for a front cover photo.
Photo essays: ¥15,000 for full-page
photos and ¥5,000 for smaller shots.
All payments will be made in credit
to your member account.

●● Toshiko Sarah Yamasaki, Nihon Shinsei
Kenkyusho
REINSTATEMENT(ASSOCIATE, NON JAPANESE)●● Scott Foster, TAP Japan●● Frederick K. Schmidt, Greenoak
Investment Management K.K.