2011/5/11

RESEARCH REPORT ON
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM & COMMUNITYPARTICIPATION IN BANGLADESH & JAPANMOHIUDDIN AHMED KHAN,VISITING RESEARCHER,ADRC
KOBE,JAPAN,9TH APRIL,2011

Mina sama ,Konnichiwa, Suvo Din

12011/5/11

My Research plan
• Study the community participation during
di t iin JJapan anddisasterdB
Bangladesh.
l d h• Learn basic ideas for preparing community
through learning, training & drill in Japan.
• Conduct case study on the behavior of thecommunity in response to disaster in Japan.
Japan• Study the community participation andadaptation during disaster in Japan &Bangladesh.

Specific Aims of the research• Gather knowledge & skills from the DM system inJapan especially the techniques of community
mobilization• Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction andstrengthening of community institutional
mechanisms• Empowering community at risk particularly
women the poor & disadvantages
women,
disadvantages.
• Involving local community/stakeholders in
disaster response and post disaster recovery &decision making process2

2011/5/11

Specific Aims (continued)• Expanding disaster risk reduction
programming across a broader range ofhazards• Strengthening emergency response system &early warning system in Bangladesh• Replicating Japanese vast experience on DM in
B l d hBangladesh• Prepare recommendations for improvementof DR in Bangladesh

Research Methodology• Analytical methods used to develop a
prediction
di ti bbetweentcommunity
it participation
ti i tiin Japan and compare it with Bangladesh.
• Interview, secondary methods of data
analysis(qualitative analysis) on community
mobilization in Japanp and Bangladeshg3

2011/5/11

Asian Disaster Reduction Center(ADRC) established in Kobe city,
Hyogo Pref. in 1998

7

4

2011/5/11

Japanese Government System
3 Layers of Government
National Government(Prime Minister is elected by the National Diet)

47 Prefectural Government(Governor is elected by the residents)
Most Populated Prefecture: Tokyo 12 million
Least Populated Prefecture: Tottori 0.6 million(Population data based on national census in 2007)

1,804 Cities, Towns, Villages Municipal Government(Mayor is elected by the residents)

Residents(as of March 2011)

9

9

5

2011/5/11

National Disasters in JapanA Highly Developed country anda Country vulnerable to Disaster11

Natural Disasters in Japan•

Earthquake•

Tsunami•Volcanic Eruption•

Typhoon

•

Flood

•

Landslide•

Snow Fall (Avalanche)

Number of earthquakes with magnitude of 6.0 orlarger (1995-2011)
Japan 210 (22%)

World 945

1262011/5/11

Recent Strong Earthquakes
Year

Earthquake (Magnitude)

Death Toll

1945

Mikawa Earthquake (M6.8)

2,306

1946

Nankai Earthquake (M8.0)

1,330

1948

Fukui Earthquake (M7(M7.1)
1)

3 769
3,769

1952

Tokachi-oki Earthquake (M8.2)

33

1960

Chile Earthquake & Tsunami (M8.5)

139

1964

Niigata Earthquake (M7.5)

26

1968

Tokachi-oki Earthquake (M7.9)

52

1974

Izu-hanto-oki Earthquake (M6.9)

30

1978

Izu-Oshima Kinkai Earthquake (M7.0)

25

1978

Miyagiken-oki Earthquake (M7.4)

28

1983

Nihonkai Chubu Earthquake & Tsunami (M7.7)

104

1984

Nagano-ken Seibu Earthquake (M6.8)

29

1993

Hokkaido Nansei-oki Earthquake & Tsunami (M7.8)

1995

Hanshin-Awaji <Kobe> Earthquake (M7.3)

230
6,436
13

Recent Strong Typhoons
Year

Typhoon

Death Toll

1945

Makurazaki Typhoon

3,756

1947

Catherine Typhoon

1,930

1948

Ion Typhoon

838

1950

Jane Typhoon

539

1951

Ruth Typhoon

943

1954

Toyamaru Typhoon(with big ferry shipwreck)

1,761

1958

Kanogawa Typhoon

1,269

1959

Ise-wan Typhoon

5,098
14

7

2011/5/11

2011 Great East Japan Earthquake2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Victim

8

2011/5/11

Pray for Japan

Pray for Japan9

2011/5/11

Help Japan

2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Devastation10

2011/5/11

2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Victims

2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Devastation11

2011/5/11

Profile ofthe 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake• Date and Time:• 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST (5:46 GMT)
• Areas affected by the quake:
IWATE,MIYAGI,FUKUSHIMA,IBARAKI,CHIBA• Type of earthquake:• Plate‐boundary thrust‐faulting earthquake on or• near the Japan Trench subduction zone

• Hypocenter:• 130km off the Pacific coast of Tohoku region• (38°N, 142°E ), 24km depth

Profile of the 2011 Great East Japan
Earthquake (continued)• Magnitude:9.0 (interim value, in Japan Source:

OCHA Situation Report No.1the largest and the
4th largest in the world)• c.f. 1960 Chile Earthquake M9.5
• 1964 Alaska Earthquake M9.2
• 2004 Sumatra Earthquake M9.2
• Damage:g• The destruction of social infrastructure, housing• and corporate facilities is estimated to cost
• between 16 and 25 trillion yen (Cabinet Office)12

2011/5/11

Total of Loss of lives & Property at a Glance• Dead people : 14,084• Missing people :13,511
13 511• Injured person : 5302
• Shifted to temporary shelters :1,63,000• Houses collapsed totally : 68,005• Houses collapsed partially : 23,382• Total Economic loss : 25 Trillion Japanese Yen( Sources : National police Agency , Economic
Experts, News Papers , Japan)

Profile of the 2011 Great East Japan
Earthquake (continued)• The areas hit by the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake are
k
known
t b
to
be vulnerablel
bl tot tsunami,t
i as they
th were recurrentlytl
hit by tsunami.
• Large offshore earthquakes occurred in the same subduction
zone in 1611, 1896, and 1933.
• Each of earthquake caused devastating tsunami on the
coast.
• Large inter-plate earthquakes had been predicted to occur
i thisinthi region
i withith 99%probability
99% b bilit within
ithi thirty
thi t years andd thethmagnitudes ranging from M7.5 to M8.0. (Source: The
Headquarters of Earthquake Research Promotion)13

2011/5/11

Profile of 2011 Great East Japan
Earthquake (Cont.)• The March 11 earthquake was much bigger than
predicted recoding M9
predicted,
M9.0
0 and the rupture zone
stretched 500 km length and 200 km width.
• It is the 4th strongest ever recorded in history
around the world.
• Some experts say that the occurrence of this kindof earthquake and tsunami is by one thousand
return period.
• Source: USGSJapan’s Disaster Management System

28

14

2011/5/11

Progress of Disaster Management Laws and Regulations
1959 Ise-Wan Typhoon was the Epoch-Making
Turning Point- Response oriented approach to preventive
approach- Individual approach to comprehensive multisectoral approach- InvestmentIforf disasterdi
reductiond i

29

Progress of Disaster Management Laws and Regulations

30

15

2011/5/11

Learning from experiences
1946 Nankai Earthquake

1947 Disaster Relief Act

1948 Fukui Earthquake

1950 Building Standard Law

1959 Ise-wan Typhoon

1961 Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act

1964 Niigata Earthquake

1966 Act on Earthquake Insurance

1995 Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake

1995 Amendment of Disaster Countermeasures
Basic Act
Amendment of Act on Special Measures
for Large-Scale Earthquakes
Act on Support for Livelihood Recovery ofDisaster Victims
31

Disaster Management Related Laws
Basic Act
Disaster Prevention
and Preparedness

Disaster Emergency
Response

Disaster Recovery
and Reconstruction,
and Financial Measures

18 acts

3 Acts23 acts• Earthquake• Disaster Relief Act• Eruption of Volcanoes• Fire service Act• Disaster Victims Livelihood
Recovery Support System• Flood and Storm• Flood Control Act• Sediment Disaster• Recovery andRehabilitation• Insurance

32

16

2011/5/11

Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act (1961)
Disaster Management Council at national/ prefectural/ municipallevel→ cross-sectoral coordination body
Disaster Management Plan at national/ prefectural/ municipal level→ Disaster management planning system
Ad-hoc Headquarters for emergency response→ Cross-sectoral body in case of emergency
Annual Gov’t Official Report (White Paper) on Disaster
Countermeasures→ Raise awareness among politicians, public, etc.

33

Disaster Management in 3 Layers

34

17

2011/5/11

Central Disaster Management Council
Prime Minister
Minister of State for Disaster Management
Inquiry

ReportOpinionCentral Disaster Management Council
ChairmanPrime Minister

Membersof theCouncil

Minister of State
for Disaster
Management andall Cabinet
Ministers

Sub-committees for Technical
Investigation- Tokyo Inland Earthquake- Tonankai & Nankai Earthquake- Lessons Learnt from Disasters etc.

Chief of Designated Public Corporations- Governor of the Bank of Japan- President of the Japanese Red Cross Society- President of NHK- President of NTT

Academic
experts(4)

Secretary Organization
ChairmanParliamentary Secretary of the Cabinet Office

Adviser

Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary for Crisis Management

Vice-Chairman

Director-General for Disaster Management, Cabinet Office
Deputy Manager of Fire and Disaster Management Agency

Secretary

Chief of bureau of each ministry and agency

35

Duties of Central Disaster Management Council

•

•

•

Prepare and promote implementation of the Basic Disaster
Management Plan
Deliberate important matters pertinent to disastermanagement according to requests from the Prime Minister
and/or Minister of State for Disaster Management
Offer opinions regarding important matters pertinent todisaster management to the Prime Minister and Minister ofState for Disaster Management36

18

2011/5/11

National Government(Ministries)
Prime
MinisterInternal Affairs & Communications(Agencies)
Fire & Disaster
Management Agency

JusticeCabinetCbi
OfficeForeign Affairs
Finance
Education, Culture, Sports, Science &Technology
Health, Labour & Welfare

National Public Safety
Commission(National Police Agency)

Financial Agency
Consumer Affaires
AgencyCabinet Office

Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries
Economy, Trade & Industry
Japan Coast Guard
Land, Infrastructure & Transport
Environment

Japan Meteorological
AgencyDefense37

Disaster Emergency Response38

19

2011/5/11

Disaster Emergency Response of the Cabinet OfficeCabinet Office

Large-scale Earthquake

Information Reception and Communication• 24-hr system• Simultaneous communication to ministries, agencies andemergency organizations. Emergency concentration

Collection and Centralization ofD
DamageIInformationfti

Cabinet Information Collection Center

Comprehensive damage information• Automated damage estimate (within 30 min.)• Visual information from aircraft(image sent from helicopters)• First stage information from public organizations• Dispatch of information collection teamCommunicate Information to Prime Minister’s Officeand Related Organizations
Information sharing within government organizations• Prime Minister’s Office• Cabinet Information Collection Center• Related ministers and agencies

Determine Level of Damage
Li i
LiaisonC
Conferencef
off Mi
MinistersitanddAgencies Concerned with Disaster Management

Establishment of Disaster
Countermeasures Headquarters
Decide policies to be implemented

Approval

CabinetMeeting

Establishment of Headquarters

39

Volunteer Activities on Recent Disaster
Disaster
Grate Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake January 1995
Earthquake,
Oil Spillage Accident by
Wordage of a Tanker,
January 1997

Numbers of volunteers
Remarks(man-days)
Hyogo Prefecture
1,377,300
274,60440

20

2011/5/11

Central Disaster Management Council
Prime Minister
Minister of State for Disaster Management
I
Inquiryi

OpinionR
ReporttCentral Disaster Management Council
Chairman Prime Minister
Governor of the Bank of Japan
Members All
Cabinet President of the Japanese Red Cross
Ministers Society
President of NHK (Broadcasting)President of NTT (Telecommunication)

Inquiry

Experts(4)

ReportSub-Committees for Technical Investigation on critical issues

41

Sub-committees for technical investigation
At present• Countermeasures for the Tonankai and Nankai earthquakes(2001 -)• Lessons learnt from Past Disasters (2003-)• The Promotion of Nationwide Movement for Disaster
Managementg• Evacuation measures for the Tokyo Inland Earthquakes• Large-Scale Flood Countermeasures42

21

2011/5/11

Sub-committees for technical investigation
In the past
• the Tokai Earthquake• Information Sharing in Disaster management• The Use of the Private Sector in Disaster Management• the Tokyo Inland Earthquake• The Trench-type Earthquake in the Vicinity of the Japan andChishima Trenches

43

4 Plates crush against each other
Eurasian Plate
Chishima trench
Japan Trench
Izu-Ogasawara Trench

Japan TroughSagami TroughEurasian Plate

Pacific Plate
Nankai TroughPhilippine plate

44

22

2011/5/11

Policy Measures decided by CDMC
Areas for Intensified Measures

based on scientific data, CDMC reviewed andthen expanded the areas in 2002

Damage Estimates

CDMC released its damage estimate in2003 iincluding
l di some 99,200
200 kill
killedd withoutith tprior warning

Policy Framework for Tokai Earthquake
Comprise seismic retrofitting, community-based
capacity building, etc.
Guidelines for Tokai Earthquake Emergency Response
Activities
Activities each organisation should implement
planned
Tokai Earthquake Disaster Reduction Strategy
Set targets for the next decade45

National Disasters in Bangladesh
A Disaster-prone Country

46

23

2011/5/11

Bangladesh
haveinherited the typicalcharacteristics of oneof the most natural
disasterprone
countriest i
off theth world
ld
due
togeography,
topography and geophysicallocation.
Floodandcyclonerelated losses almost
every year create amajor set-back for thesustainable
development of thecountry.
47

Disasters and Bangladesh
Major Hazards
FloodTropical Cyclone
Storm Surge
Tornado
River Bank Erosion
Drought
Earthquake
Arsenic
Fire

Major Disasters
Year Disaster Death
1970 Cyclone
1988 Flood
1988 Cyclone
1989 Drought
1991 Cyclone
1996 Tornado
1997 Cyclone
1998 Flood
2004 Flood2007 Flood2007 Cyclone(SIDR)
2009 Cyclone Aila

300,000
2,373
,
5,704
800
138,868
545
550
1,050
747
1,071
3,406
190

24

2011/5/11

Major Hazards of Bangladesh

FloodsCyclone, Tornado and Storm
surge
Drought
River bank erosion

Water logging
Salinity
Monga

Arsenic

Source : ISDR website

25

2011/5/11

Bangladesh’s Disaster Management System

Disaster Management in Bangladesh:
An Evolution• Disaster Management in Bangladesh had gone
through a significant reforms
reforms, previously the
focus was limited in relief activities• Following the devastating cyclone of 1991,thefocus has been shifted towards adaptation ofa holistic approach that embraces processesof hazard identification and mitigation
mitigation,community preparedness and integrated
response.

26

2011/5/11

Permanent Water Logging After Tidal
Surge

Disaster Management Regulative
Framework

DisasterManagement Act

DM Policy

National Plan for DM

S tSectorall Policies
P li iS t
Sectorall Plans
Pl(DRR Incorporated)(DRR Incorporated)

Local Plans
Hazard Plans

SOD

Guideline
Templates

Programming for Implementation27

2011/5/11

Floods in Bangladesh Disaster Management Legislation andNational Disaster Management Plan has forfi l approvall with
final
ith theth purpose off providing
idi
for
f
the formulation of disaster management policy
relating to preparedness and emergency
measures, and rehabilitation program to deal
with disaster.
As part of training and public awarenessnearly 70000 people related to disaster havebeen trained through 700
courses/workshops/seminars.
56

28

2011/5/11

Cyclone Devastated Area

Bangladesh Government System
4 Layers of Government
National Government(Prime Minister is elected by the National Assembly)

07 Division

64 Districts(90,Mayor is elected by the residents)(as of March 2011)

470 sub-district,4500 union council

29

2011/5/11

Disaster Emergency Response

Insstitutional Arrangement

National Disaster
Management Council

Inter Ministerial Disaster
Management Coordination
Committee (IMDMCC)
Ministry of Food and Disaster Management

Directorate of Relief
and Rehabilitation

Disaster Management Bureau

District Disaster
Management Committee

Directorate of Food

National Disasterr Management Advisory
Counccil (NDMAC)

Bangladesh Perspectives

City Corporation Disaster
ManagementgCommittee

Upazila Disaster Management
Committee
Municipal Disaster
Management
Committee

Union Disaster Management
Committee

30

2011/5/11

Resource Mobilization System

MoFDM

AFD

DRR
U DMC&UDMC
UzDMC&UDMC
DDMC

FIELD

61

Disaster Management Institutions
in Bangladesh
National Disaster
Management Council
Inter Ministerial
Disaster Management
Coordination
Committee (IMDMCC)

National Disaster
Management Advisory
Council (NDMAC)

Ministry of Food and Disaster Management

Directorate of Food

Directorate of Relief
and Rehabilitation

Disaster Management
BureauCyclone Preparedness
Programme
Implementation Board

District Disaster
Management Committee
Municipal Disaster
Management Committee

City Corporation
Disaster Management
Committee

Zone / Upazila
Union

Upazila Disaster Management Committee

Union Disaster Management Committee

Village31

2011/5/11

Meaning of community Development• A community development includes both software
structures: community Based organizations andhardware aspects: includes roads and infrastructures.
• Holistic-ness: How the system can be developed• Voluntary: handmade development, creation of anenvironment to take advantage the characteristic of
the community• Cooperation: Implementing development toeverybody,b d not only
l participationsi i ibbut networkingkidifferent types of people different backgrounds.
• Sustainability: Involve in recovery and sustain as
development in daily life.

Community Action• Risk reduction steps are most successful whenth iinvolve
they
l di
directt participation
ti i ti off people
l tto
be exposed to hazards in planning, decision
making, community mobilization, enhancecapacity & responsibility of the community• In theory,y, its easyy to define the role ofcommunity, but in practice its difficult to
involve community in the time of disaster.

32

2011/5/11

Community Participation & Recovery• According to professor Yoshiter Murosaki, there
are 3 types of Recovery Momentum from
Disaster:• Momentum from Lessons : Recovery( disaster
utopias & rehabilitation process) occurs after
destruction• Momentum to rebound from crisis: Dame it ,I will
get over this
• Project Momentum: The energy from support byconcentration of global assistance and projects
according to the needs of the community.

Objectives & Challenges of Recovery• To immediately work towards disasterrecovery• Whether it has become safer than before• To solve the contradictions and issues faced by
the subject community• Principle Objective of Recovery is to “create
value” by learning from lessons.

33

2011/5/11

Pillars of Community Development• According to Mr. Hisanori Nakayama(DG, Urban
Development Department , Kobe City 3 pillars ofcommunityi ddevelopmentlwith
i h resident’s
id ’ participationi i i are:• Establishment of Local Consultation Centers: After thegreat Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake• Establishment of Community Development Council:
organize community as a group rather to act individually• Dispatching Community Consultants: Hyogo prefecture
Government dispatchedpconsultants for 2 wayy
communication between local government and community
members, to assess the needs of the community and toensure resident’s participatory strategy after the Great
Hanshin-Awaji earthquake

Principles of Recovery from Disaster• To sustain local society or community• To carry on local cultures of the community• To utilize local resources34

2011/5/11

Community Mobilization in
Bangladesh• Non structural /software measures on DM in Bangladesh
includes creating public awareness through community
participation,i i itraining/drills
i i /d ill o f community
i membersb anddschool children• Structural/hardware measures includes construction ofroads, bridges, embankments and cyclone shelters• During post disaster emergency survival needs meet bypeople themselves & neighborhood or community NOT the
government, private or foreign organizations• Enhance of the capacity of community combining both
structural and non-structural measures thru massive publicawareness program(PAP) is the policy of Government

Community resilience after disaster70

35

2011/5/11

Community Mobilization and Disaster
Mitigation in Bangladesh• Government of Bangladesh gives equaliimportance
t
tto b
both
th structuralt t l andd nonstructural mitigation measures
Structural Mitigation• As part of structural mitigation GOB has so far
constructed 20,23 cyclone shelters and 200
flood shelters

Community Mobilization(continued)• About 4000 km long coastal embankment toprotect coastal land from inundation by tidal
waves and storm surges and drainage channels of
total length 4,774 km. have so far been
constructed
Non Structural Mitigation• For non structural mitigation GOB has givenemphasis on:• Legislation and policy• Training and public awareness36

2011/5/11

Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) Community Based Early warning throughdevoted volunteers.
 A Joint Venture Program of GOB & BDRCS.
 To minimize loss of lives and properties in cyclonicdisaster by strengthening the capacity in disastermanagement of the coastal people of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh.
 Covers 11 districts and 32 Upazilas (Sub-District).
 Total Volunteers: 42675

Community Adaptation by Informal Village
Community Volunteers• Main Motto of community volunteers is “ self-help,
mutual help and neighborhood help”• Community participation in dissemination of early
warnings to community through local and traditional
early warning methods• Leadership from union council/ward members
proved effective• Informal learning from experience, ancestor, nature& GO-NGO, INGO.

37

2011/5/11

Community Participation inJapan
A Review

Community Hall used as temporary
shelter for Tohoku Earthquake victims

38

2011/5/11

The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
and community participation• After the Hanshin-Awaji EQ ,in 1995, necessity ofsocial capital & collaborative community
participation was needed• Kobe City development ordinance passed in 1981
• This ordinance implemented through thepartnership of prefecture govt. and community
members• Community participation played significant role
for massive rebuilding & for initial settlement ofhousesPictures of the great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake39

2011/5/11

The Fault line at Nojima of the great
Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake

Fire and Disaster Management Agency
and community participation• Disasters linked with fire in other words Fire andDisaster Management Agency(FDMA) linked with
Disasters• FDMA promotes disaster preparedness
strategy(including anti-earthquake Measures) for safetyof the community• Promotes first aid education to community• Promotes awareness against disasters through fired ill / i i anddrills/training
d simulationi l i off community
i membersb
at ward office/community hall
• Volunteer training and earthquake preparedness athome & work with furniture immobilized40

2011/5/11

Fire Services in Japan

Local residents(Voluntary disaster preventing organizations)
Cities, Towns and Villages(Fire Defense Headquarters, Volunteer Fire Corps)
Prefectures
Fire and Disaster Management Agency• Fire services in Japan began as municipalities with functions closely
linked to local communities and has played a vital role in ensuring
the safety and security of the public of Japan.

Kaeru Caravan and Community
Participation• Kaeru Caravan program focus to the children and also
for community to learn DRR by playing Games• Main theme of + arts are as follows:• Making disaster reduction part of daily life
• Putting creativity to work in DRR• DRR measures that are fun to learn• Games like Blanket liftingg game,g, jackjlift ggame,, Survival
cooking, fire extinguisher target practice, picture story
show etc. are very useful fun games to learn about DR• Replicated in Indonesia, El-Salvador, Guatemala41

2011/5/11

Iza! Kaeru Caravan! Activity

Visit to Inamura-no-Hi Tsunami Village& Education Center42

2011/5/11

Earthquake proof Building Technology

Comparative Analysis of community
participation in Japan & Bangladesh
Japan
•
•
•
•
•
•

Disaster p
prone. Volcanoes,,
earthquake,tsunami, typhoon & floods,
landslides
Geographic location at the ring offire & colliding plate boundary
Worst disaster in 2011 Tohoku
earthquake claimed 14000lives
Severity and intensity more, loss of
lives and property minimum
Sufficient allocation(4.5 trillion Yen)of fund for DM & DRR and for R&D,
technologically highly developed

Bangladesh
•

•
•
•
•

Disaster p
prone. Floods,, Tidal
surge, cyclones, tornadoes, tidal
bore, earthquake, tsunami &landslides.
Sub tropical monsoonal, heavy
rainfallWorst disaster tidal surge in 1970
claimed 4,7000 lives
Severity and intensity more
more, loss of
lives and property moreInsufficient allocation ( USD500
million )for DM & DR and for R&D ,Technological Development

43

2011/5/11

Voluntary Activity in Kobe

Comparative Analysis (Continued)
•
•
•
•
•
•

•

Japan highly developed country
and pioneer in DM & DRR
Disaster management countermeasures Basic Act formulated in
1961
Enacted Building code in 1950 andretrofitted buildings & KPIs
Many public and privateorganizations working on DM & DR
Act on sediment DisasterCommunity mobilization best in theworld Large number of community
world.
volunteers and local residents
worked in every disasters.
Recovery from the Great HanshinAwaji EQ and community
participation can be replicated.

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Bangladesh developing country
Recent shift (in 1991) from relief tocomprehensive DM and DRR
Legal framework and DM Act
Passed this year
Building code enacted in 2006, Not
implemented, no retrofitting ofhouses, and KPIs
No land slide control Act
Basically MOFDM, DMB &DRR(Public org) and few NGOs
working on DM and DRR
Community mobilization andcommunity volunteers expanding
gradually44

2011/5/11

Visit to Sakurajima Active Volcano

CBDM Project by UNCRD• CBDM emphasizes capacity building of community,
which better prepares for DR• Look at communities as active partner rather thanhelpless victims• Shift from relief to mitigation• A holistic livelihood approach enhances sustainability• Effective program to train up and integrate community
activities at the disasters• Wider stakeholders/local community involvement andparticipation45

2011/5/11

Community Participation at Kobe

DM & DR system in ADRC member countries• India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Brazil,
Af i t , Phillippines,
Afganistan
Philli i
A t li diAustraliandisastertManagement system has been reviewed• In the review Disaster awareness andlivelihood creation and local community
involvement are the , 03 keyy factors identified
for successful implementation of DM and DR46

2011/5/11

Learned from Japan on DM• Mutual help, self help , neighborhood help andcommunity help is necessary for disaster mitigation• DM requires coordinated by individuals , communities
and governments• Residents and communities should not thinkthemselves disaster free and preparation for disaster indaily life
• Disaster information lessens damage• Accurate assessment of situation and rapid action
saves life
• Importance of wider area disaster relief systems andmedical strength

Hazard Mapping in Rokko Area47

2011/5/11

Lessons Learned(Continued)• Importance of providing assistance suitable to the needs ofdisaster stricken people• Emergencies of new way of living and community
businesses• Checking electricity and gas and other actions ofindividuals to ensure fire does not occur help protect thecommunity• Importance of coordinated restoration of roads and life
lines
• Importance of establishing laws and legislation to respondto a large scale natural disasters• Reconstruction and mitigation/preparedness are premisedon risk assessment

Retrofitting of Building48

2011/5/11

Recommendations for community
mobilization in Bangladesh• Replicate the Japanese experience and transfer ofKnowledge and technology on DM• Communities have inherent capacity to respondto any disaster. So community opinions should be
implemented at disasters• Comprehensive Action plan on DM& DR should
be developed• Development
D lt off didisastert mitigation
iti ti ttools
l fforcommunities by involving teachers , students• Awareness creation , sensitization & capacity
building of media in DR

Recommendations(continued)• Develop & implement a public awareness strategy involving
communities and public information campaign to disasterprone areas• Integrate DR activities into normal practice of good
governance and planning & Budgeting process• Networking among communities, local government should
be further strengthened• Strengthen community capacity building & livelihood
p g
programs• Establish disaster related museums• Application of micro finance & micro insurance to increasesocial protection and resilience• Strengthen cooperation with ADRC, JICA and DMRD

49

2011/5/11

Findings of the Research
KnowledgeKl d andd practicalti l experiencesi
I gainedi dfrom Japan as VR have been reflected in the
Research paper. I firmly believe, findings ofthis research will benefit and assist
Bangladesh for developing a sophisticated andeffective system of community participation
for disaster management and disastermitigation system

My publication50

2011/5/11

References• Reference material/Sources used in the slides
taken from Cabinet Office, Japan, ADRC, JICA
Hyogo, IRP,UNCRD, DMRD, MOFDM, CDMP ,Police Agency of Japan, News Papers, Journals
and Internet .

Ensuring the safety of one’s homefrom Disasters , protects one’s
familyy , neighborg& communityyThank You for your Kind Attention

51