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キーワード：$ʸ%!Ǯƒ̝!˧˲!˒ź!̠Ïȉ¸˲ƸÅɈ

1.

はじめに
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2.

先行研究

 U;!e˕:̠ɣÏǮƒ̝$ʸ%KȻĹJ̓:`ǀȡK˿˹eʁ˰:`"
2.1 日本語における接尾辞「者」の一般化――劉(1989)、李(2005)、李(2006)
ĒL!ȉȜ˲J.3`̠ɣÏǮƒ̝$ʸ%KǛʒeˮ82˹9?ȖĆK˹ǿF*`"Ē
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¸śKƾșɇź̌Ȁ2/^Kƻ͔!
̠ÏɳIʽ
ȱKʌ͜KŦĕ!
 ŸÐ²Kɐ˲KŦĕK Ceǫ4E+`"ĒL!¸śKƾșɇź̌Ȁ/^Kƻ͔e˩Ȍ:`?XJ!iÈſǽƣ¬h¦¦­¨yiWilhelm Lobscheid! ͫ !¸śŀʲŹǂJ]`&ˊˋŸý'English and Chinese

Dictionary With the Punti3 and Mandarin Pronunciation! ͫ Ŀɂ ͫƧG!Samuel Smiles
U7I.

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ĒLU?!
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アン ゲ リ ア

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natuurkenner, z.m. natuurkundige.ˁɕ¹ʳʸ!ɭǋŀ˪!ɜɥźʸ ʑɥźʸ
planeetkenner, z.m. sterrekijker, sterrekundige.ǓȎKǖŲƂ!ɭǋŀ˪!ŭǿƂ!ŭǿƂ ŭǿʸ Ʒȏ!e˕:m¤«˲Kŀ˪e$ʸ%eɨ+E˧8!Ȃ˲eɦVĂ:ʵǙ0ƹǛ7aC
C*B?Gʷ-^a`"
3.3 『英和対訳袖珍辞書』(1862(文久 2)年)における「者」の由来
Ē0ʷƅJɨ+?&ˊŊƇ˧˖ɢ̝Ȕ'L!ˊ˒̝ȔF*` H. Picard A New Pocket
Dictionary of the English and Dutch Languages ʕ ɚ  Ƨ!Ð³ Picard Dictionary Gɰ:eƪȜG8!=Km¤«˲̱ăeȉȜ˲J˧:G+,ȃɄJ]BEʫ͊7a?5G0Ȋ2ƗƚJ]BEȌ^/J7aE+`"$ʸ%e×,˧˲K¿àJC+E&ˊŊƇ˧˖ɢ̝Ȕ'J.3`ˊ˲/^ȉȜ˲QKʶ˧Kɞ
Ƀeʁ/XEVEY!ɣJ Picard Dictionary J.3`m¤«˲˧eŶËG8!=aJƇǇ:`&Ŋ˒ŸƸ'K˧˲0=KUUßcaE+`ťĽ0ƎI2I+"à-M!
DivineG+,˝Ă8˲KťĽL!Picard Dictionary J.3`godgeleerdeG+,m¤«˲˧eË8!
&Ŋ˒Ÿ
Ƹ'J͚BE$ʅźʸ%G+,˧˲0µ-^aE+`"
Divine, s. godgeleerde, m.ʅźʸ!ɭǋŀ˪      Picard Dictionary
godgeleerde, z.m. godsgeleerde.ʅźʸ!ɭǋŀ˪!ʅźʸ ʅźʸ   &Ŋ˒ŸƸ'
Divine, s. ʅźʸ                 &˖ɢ̝Ȕ'
ĿȴKàe7^J+2C/ǫ4aMȶK̤_F*`"ȖƾKNewcomerKàFL!
$Ǜ̿ʸ%Jɋ-^a?Ǭ_ÑŀY¯˃8E+`"5  Preacher, s. predikant. prediker, m.˴ǽƣ!˴ǽʸ!ɭǋŀ˪      Picard Dictionary
predikant, z.m. leeraar, prediker.ɛƣ!ɭǋŀ˪!òɦ!˴ǽʸ ˴Ʉʸ &Ŋ˒ŸƸ'
Preacher, s. ˴Ʉʸ                     &˖ɢ̝Ȕ'
Scamp, s. schelm,schurk, m.Ǒͤ!ǑƼ!Ǒ+ƎƧ!ɭǋŀ˪  Picard Dictionary
schelm, z.m. guit, een eerloos mensch.Ǒͤ!ɭǋŀ˪!ɔɥIɭ Ọ̌ʸ&Ŋ˒ŸƸ'
5$õ̼ʸ%KàGĿȴJ!
$Ǜ̿ʸ%Jɋ-^a?Ǭ_ÑŀLǕŇK˴ȌF!}i¢ky G˵U

a?YKGˠ̵8EàJŃX?"

                 ̠ɣÏǮƒ̝$ʸ%KǛʒGƓ́ͦȞͧ                45


Scamp, s. Ọ̌ʸ                  &˖ɢ̝Ȕ'
Newcomer, s. aankomeling, m.Ȃȡʸ!ɭǋŀ˪ Picard Dictionary
aankomeling, z.m. en v. jongeling of meisje.Ȃȡʸ!ɭǋŀ˪­űǋŀ˪!ƎƧU?LƎű mi

Ǜ̿ʸ&Ŋ˒ŸƸ'ªi

Newcomer, s. Ǜ̿ʸ    &˖ɢ̝Ȕ'ŗVJ!
&˖ɢ̝Ȕ'J.+E!ȶK],J˚ǾK˝Ă8˲JĿ¯KȉȜ˲˧0µ-^aE+`ťĽ0*`"5aL!Picard Dictionary J.+E! ˲JschrijverÜƂ!¤i®G+,
ṳ́Km¤«˲˧0µ-^aE+`5GJ]`"
Chirographer, s. ʖˤʸ
Penman, s. ʖˤʸPenner, s. ʖˤʸU?!
&ˊŊƇ˧˖ɢ̝Ȕ'J.+EǮƒ̝$ʸ%0ˊ˲K-er!“-or!
-ist!
-ianIH
Ke˕:Ǯ̝GƇǇ8E+`ťĽ0ū+5GL¿žF*`0!ȶK],JǮ̝JLƇǇ8
E+I+YKY*`"
School-man, s. ħźʸ
Singing-boy, s. ŰȲʸ6
5a^L=a>am¤«˲Kschool-geleerdeźȪKźʸ!
koorknaapƎƧĽŐŘe
Ë8E˧7aE+`0!m¤«˲GK̓áJ.+EY$ʸ%LǮ̝Kʶ˧JIBEL+I+"
3.4 中村正直訳『西国立志編』(1871(明治 4)年)の訳語の根拠ĒL!&˛śʒǆʫ'L¸Ƞȸɷ0&ˊˋŸý'eĭɗ8Eʶ˧8?Gˢ,"8/8!
=K˧ǿeĬˍ Self-Help KĬǿGɗ^8Ľc<Eʁ/XEV`G!=K],Jˢ,5GLW;/8+5G0ă/`"ʕ  J!Ēˁ̗K˸ȨKʥȦ/^Y!
&˛śʒǆʫ'K˧˲JL&ˊˋŸý'K˧˲J¯˃8
I+YK0͏ƤJū+5G0ă/`" ʕ J!
&˛śʒǆʫ'J.+E!
$ʸ%KS/!
$Ƃ%$Ũ%$ƣ%$ż%IH$%e˕:ū
2Kɐ˲Ǯƒ̝0˝^a`"=8E!ĬǿKĿ¯K˲0ǿˀJǇ9EɱI`Ǯƒ̝eɨ+E˧
8ă3^aE+`G˝^a`ťĽY*`"à-M!philosopher0ĦI`ʽȱŀKͩCG8E
ʃ7aE+`ȶKʕͩKàFL$ɥźʸ%G˧7aE+`0!ɝŽKōźKŬƂeŒ͛G:`ʕ KàFL$ɥźƂ%G˧7aE+`"
Michael Faraday, the son of a blacksmith, was in early life apprenticed to a bookbinder, and worked
at that trade until he reached his twenty-second year : he now occupies the very first rank as a
6

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philosopher, (Self-Help, p.10)

 n i ¦ g¤i ƴ́əɲǦʕ!Ǡ̾ğn¡ŷy !ÀġÀȺ˂¦!̺Ȕğ«¡ƿƳy¥!~ȱªɓ}¥!Ê²ʗɥźʸ¥ !ƾɰʕ¯ʫ!ġ±$̆̐£¥Ă¦̄íÈ%

It was a maxim of Dr. Young, the philosopher, that “Any man can do what any other man has done;”(Self-Help, p.100) 


£«s

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$ā~È!ÍÈȈêǁ¦u!Ǆ|êǁy%Á¥!ƾ£«sɰ             ʕŖʫ!ġ¯$źŨ ͋ Ȭˢ!ƨ~Ǽ¿%ʕJ!
&˛śʒǆʫ'FL!ĬǿK¯˲e˴ȌɳIķG8E˧8E+`ťĽYū+"à-M!

ʕ¯ʫKȶKʘǞFLinventors and discovererse$ȂŕȂ˔ªɲȌ{¦È%!
manufacturers
e$Ōɜª˙̦{¦È%G˧8E+`"
Patient and persevering labourers in all ranks and conditions of life, cultivators of the soil andexplorers of the mine, inventors and discoverers, manufacturers, mechanics and artisans, poets,
philosophers, and politicians, all have contributed towards the grand result, one generationbuilding upon another’s labours, and carrying them forward to still higher stages.
ǅʺy«k7ǍºpoǃªÐu«(Self-Help, p.5)

ʽ¿yvªęƶ{¦È!ƊĢ̈̐Ĉr!

uk(ŜŞªʻŧ¥n{{¦È!ʂƕn¡ªǷƋwo{{¦È!ȂŕȂ˔ªɲȌ{¦È!ƜğÈ!Ōɜª˙̦{¦È8!ˬÈ!ɥźʸ!ǻźƂ)u§ʗÈ!Ķ£¥Ê~k˂¦!ȶʕƜůªʏ¦!ĽɎg¥y ɴŬǿĝª́t¦¥"iʕ¯ʫ!°$̈̐͆¤|!ęƶǅʺª¥y«kÈ!¶Ĕg¦¿%ƾKʕÀʫFL!
inventorse$đ̦ʸ%!
manufacturerse$˙̦ʸ%G+,˚Ľ˲J]BE˧8E+`"8/8!
&ˊˋ̝ý'J.3`inventorsK˧˲L$Üǟ!ĊÜʸ!Ĭ̦ʸ!ŴÜ»È%!
manufacturersK˧˲L$Üʸ!ÜƜ!Ɯƣ!ğÈ%F*_!
&˛śʒǆʫ'K˧˲L=a^JL¯˃8I+"
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7

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/aEǕŇeʃ:YKG0*`"55FL!ĺKǬ_ÑŀL˲K²J¦G8E!ƝKǬ_ÑŀL˲KƾbJǨƵFřfFˤ:"8˧ǿK$ƜğÈ!Ōɜª˙̦{¦È%L!ĬǿKmanufacturers, mechanics and artisansK͖e÷aȕ-?ʥȦG˝^a`"                 ̠ɣÏǮƒ̝$ʸ%KǛʒGƓ́ͦȞͧ                474.

近現代接尾辞「者」の展開̠ɣÏǮƒ̝$ʸ%KƓ́!ȐįL̿ș͂Jc?BEžɣ8?ɣ̃F*_!=KøƃKˠȌLƃȍI˶͛FLI+"55FL!=KøÙɳIɈaJC+E!ļʌ̌ȀK͆^a?ʚřK˸ȨJ
ŢD2ǰŽe̡R`"̝Ȕ͜J.+E$ʸ%0ū2ɣa`],JIBE/^Y!ɷAJ=a0ʄÕJȐį8?c3F
LI/B?"ȌɂșÐďJL$ʸ%]_$È%0ūɨ7a`ïł0*B?"
à-M!ʆɁ˺ľ&˛ɇ¿ǒ'ĆʫǚǇ ƧJL$ʸ%0Î2Ȃ˲0˝^a;!¯ȃ!

$ËǥÈ%$̮ǫÈ%$ŀÏÈ%$˼ıÈ%IHK$È%eɨ+?Ȃ˲0ßcaE+`"9Ē0ʷ
?@/;

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$ɵȮÈ%
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È%$ŀÏÈ%IH$È%eūɨ8E+`"
8/8!ȌɂșJ÷`G!ɾ˽ÈK˛ɇǫ̀ǿĝeńĲ8],G:`ǕǆG!¯ˇƮȾKˊ˲
eźT,G:`ɘǕGJ]BE!˛ɇKźŒeʣË:`ȔʛZˊ˲K̝ȔZǽʉȔ0ū2Ăɚ7a`],JIB?"=,8?ɞɃeʾȑG8E!ȌɂĆș/^$ʸ%KßɨLŦ-ʨ3?"
=S,

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$ʸ%KßɨLǊ̥JŦ-E+B?"ǂƄˑƘ&Ɖȡ»ȉȜ' Ȍɂ Ƨ!
&ȂȉȜ»͎Ƨ'Ȍɂ Ƨé+EVaM!
$ʸ%J]`Ȃ˲0Ǿ-ĄaI+SH˝Ă7a`"ƈ̀ɳI˕ɣ@3FI2!
$Ŕɖʸ%
$ģȱʸ%
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$˴Ȍʸ%
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$Ȇ˓ʸ%K],I̗̠IˢˌY˝^a`"ŗVJ!Ʒȏ!
$ͫźʸ%
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$ͫʸɈ%K],IƹƱYū2˝^a!ƷȏKȉȜʄÕ0˛ɇJ]`̠ÏɳIǿĝ/^ɑ8+ċɑeĴ3E!
ȴ#I˹˴0̒5B?5GeʃŎ8E+`"ȌʁIʥ˹eǁ`JL7^J˸Ȩe˜:`0!
$ʸ%L.=^2Ȍɂ¸ș6bUFJL¯ˇKȉȜ˲QKŽɼ0̨f@YKGʷ-^a`"
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ɶ7aE5I/B?"8/8!à-M$ˤʸ%G+,˲LʖʸKʁ/X?  ¶ʞțÐďK¸ś&Ýǿ͓Ƭ'K˝Ă8JYI+0!
&Ŋ˒ŸƸ'!̔ʒȯȑ&ˊľĉǿýŸ͜'̌ȀJLɣa;10!
ǚǇ Ƨ!̱̈́İ»̨&ǭ˧ˊľĉǿý' ǚǇ Ƨ!
&żȣɉŪȂʼ'ʕƠǿº ƧJ˝^a`"S/JY!
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9ʆɁLƾƧK&¶ɯśƑ' Ȍɂ ƧFL$˼ıʸ%GȔ+E+`"

10 Ŀɂ ƧJđą7a?¸śKȉąʡ&ɬŤ'FL! ˲G˝^a`$ˤʸ%K˲L  óʪ ƧJĆXEɣa`"ßɨKǿˀLȉȜJ̓c`ˤ¿F*`" ʴȉȢÆļȉŤʄˤʸĮƁȄˈƕʟˌ͞"ʴȉ!ȢÆļȉŤʄKˤʸLĮˈƕʟˌ͞FƁÕé2"$ù́ǆɴ%&ɬŤ' óʪ Ƨ  ȗ  ȉ=KƾKǾƧ͂Y$ˤʸ%KɨàLƎI2!ȉȜJ̓c`ˤ¿J.3`ßɨJ͆^a?"

 48ǜŒ ʕ 33 Ļ ͦ2018ͧ

*`"

5.

おわりに
e˕:ȉ¸·˲K̠ɣÏǮƒ̝$ʸ%KǛʒGƓ́JC+ĚȀJŢD2ʷƅe˫V?"

ɦɧǋKͣ+Ǯ̝$ʸ%KǛʒKĬɒL!ƥț­ȌɂĆșKȉȜJ.3`ˊŊ̝ȔKʫʰJɨ+^a?˒Ŋ̝ȔK˧˲J*`Gʷ-^a`"=aÐƾK$ʸ%KƓ́!ȐįK̪ʋJC+ELU@´ġăI5G8/ă/BE+I+"ÊƾK˶͛G8?+"
資料19 世紀中国の資料における「者」
 ¶ʞțÐďK¸śǨȀJ.3`$ʸ%KɨàZˤ̛K,A!Ǯƒ̝KàG˝ǁ`ĸʿǋ
K*`YKeÐ³Jˤ:"?@8!å#KàJ.3`$ʸ%0Ǯƒ̝Gˢ-`/H,/LǄ;8YȌ^/FLI+"
U;!˛ɇÈſǽƣJ]`ˊˋŸý͜Jˤ̛7a?YKG8ELÐ³K],IYK0*`"¸ś˲Kɲ͒IHKˤ̡Lɹ+EƲɨ:`"COMPILER of books, ʫäʸ
DONOR, a bestower, ȅµʸǎ¹ǎ̎ʸ̏̎ʸǎǏ»È
EXPERT scholar, œźʸƣ̩ʹĔæLAWGIVER, ˦ƽʸʒɄɳ
LEADER, èɠɳÈɠ͘ʸ͘͟˕ɠǪƲʸ½Ʋƌɳ  Robert MorrisonA Dictionary of the Chinese Language in Three Parts, Part III:
English and Chinese ̫ó Ƨ
BUILDER, ǣưʸ
CONTROLLER, ʙɂʸ
HORSEMAN, œ͡ʸ
LOOKER-ON, ì˟ʸSamuel Wells WilliamsAn English and Chinese Vocabulary in the Court Dialect&ˊˋ͓ƬȻ͈'! ̫óƧAUTHOR, originator ́đʸŴ̦ʸinventor, Ȃ̦ʸ˙Üʸ̦͟ʸĆ̦ʸƾɰGUIDE, Ʋ̕»ÈƲƌʸƾɰHISTORIOGRAPHER, ˤ¿ʸŮĹ
TUTELAR, ầʸ         Walter Henry MedhurstEnglish and Chinese Dictionary&ˊˋŸý'!
 ͫ ̫ó ͫ Ƨ
Accusant, ĬŅʸǯŅʸ                 ̠ɣÏǮƒ̝$ʸ%KǛʒGƓ́ͦȞͧ                49

Editor, a publisher, ÜʸĂʸƾɰInventor, ÜǟĊÜʸĬ̦ʸŴÜ»È
Testifier, ˩ʸÜ˩ʸ˩È
Wilhelm LobscheidEnglish and Chinese Dictionary with the Punti and Mandarin
Pronunciation&ˊˋŸý'! ͫ Ŀɂ ͫƧ¨y iL¸ś˲ǿɄKˠ˴J.+E!
$ʸ%e×,$ÜÇʸ%$˓œʸ%K],I˕ɣ0$ͫ:`È(?A)%G˧<`5GeȶK],J˴Ȍ8E+`"¸ś˲Kɲ͒˕ˤe¨®ŸFˤ
8?̱ăLɰ8EƲɨ:`"
ÜÇʸ stands for―ÜÇ»È the person who made it. The student will soon be able to find out
whether it should be translated―the builder, maker &c., or by the Demonstrative and Relative
Pronouns, for we may almost always translate it in both ways. The rule is simply this: with an
Adjective forms a Noun, as: ǂʸ virtue; with a Verb , however, and when preceded by the object,
we better translate it by that which, or those who, as: ˓œʸ those who practice virtue.
Wilhelm LobscheidGrammar of the Chinese language in Two Parts, Part II!
Ŀɂ Ƨ ¸śÈJ]BEˍ7a?ĆșKˊ˲źʵȔF*`̲Éƕ&ˋˊ̤˲' ̫ó ƧJL$ʸ%e×,ʽȱŀLɣaI+0!ŷĪ&ˋˊ̤˲' ŋ̂ ƧJLƎǾI0^=a0ɣa`"  Moneychanger Ǣ̼ʸ
  Shroff ɺ̼ʸ  Engineer ʦ̘ʸŷĪ&ˋˊ̤˲'
$Èé͜%
!

ŋ̂ Ƨ5,

 ¸śÈJ]`ȖĆKˊˋ̝ýF*`̳ûɗK&Ÿý͊Ǜ'JY$ʸ%Kßɨ0˝^a`"ȶJɨàK¯̱eʃ:"  È͜    ǣ̋ʸ LesseeŨ̟    ħźʸ Learned man  Ɯő    ̉̇ʸ Buyer¼ȇ˞˷  ĿĘʸ Fellow-labourer ̳ûɗ̮ˍ&Ÿý͊Ǜ'$͌Ÿ%! Ŀɂ Ƨ˾̬̙J]`ˊ˲K̝ȔGźʵȔJY$ʸ%eŃW͕ɶLū+"ȶJ=K¯̱eʃ:"  Adjutor, a helper,ǡĖʸ̜Ėʸ  Discoverer, one who discovers.

ɺĂʸɽĂʸƋĂʸ  Editor, one who prepares for publication,ÜʸǶʸȪˣʸ¹ʖȂŤ¹ʖ  Translator, one who translates,ʯ˧ʸ
Writer, one who writers; an author,ʮĀʸȔŁȔ̞˾̬̙&ˋˊŸýƸ͊'! óʪ Ƨ 50ǜŒ ʕ 33 Ļ ͦ2018ͧ  ǿŨ͜   Abbreviator, Āɍʖʸ        Chronologist, ÜĹʸ        Commentator, Ü˨ʸ        Geographer, ʷŞɥ˯ʸ  Ɯğ͜   Worker êƜʸ  ő̍͜   Auctioneer, Ǥ̇ʸÈ͜    Chemist, ˙ˏÈ!ʜĝźʸ        Editor, Üǿʸ!¹ʖ       Predictor, ͗ˢʸ        Prosecutor, ǯŅʸ        Protector, ầʸ  ñƐ͜   Cenobite, ä̫ʸ˾̬̙&̤őǪĥ'! óʪ Ƨ
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