DISASTERS IN MONGOLIA

ADRC
Visiting Researcher Ms. Sh.Altanchimeg
Kobe,0JapanMarch, 2007

Emergency Service

Mongolia is located in Asia,
between China and Russia
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Emergency Service– Territory: 1,564,619 sq. km– Population : 2,500,000.
– Capital city: Ulaanbaatar– Administrative subdivision: 21 aimags– Extreme continental climate
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Emergency Service

DISASTERS IN MONGOLIA• Drought• Dzud• Powerful snow (dzud) and duststorms• Flood• Forest and steppe fires• Earthquake• Human and animal epidemicdiseases• Chemical and radioactive substancerelease• Industrial and transport accidents 3
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Emergency ServiceDzud
Dzud- a winter natural disaster“White dzud”- deep snowfall and forlivestock difficult to reach the grass“Iron dzud”- an impenetrable ice-overpreventing livestock from grazing“Black dzud”- lack of precipitation“Multiple dzud” - dzud variations
preceded by drought
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Emergency Service

Drought and Dzud
(1999 - 2003)- Affected:- 570 soums of 53 aimags- 1 757800 person- 48,4 million of livestock- Dead:- 30 person- 8,39 million of livestock- The total damage – 372.9 billion MNT/324.3 million
US$- Many households lost whole livestock of subsistence5
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Emergency Service

Powerful snow and dust storms
Blizzards and snow storms - 20 times/year- April, 1980 (eastern aimag)
continued 41-65 hours
died 150 people/0.6 million of livestock.
Dust storms – 20-30 days/year-November, 1992
wind speed - 40m/sec
broke 500 gers
destroyed 51,000 sq.km pastures

There were 93 severe snow and dust storms
for 1995-2005
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Emergency ServiceFloodCauses:- snowmelt (spring time)- heavy summer rains
101 floods and 354 cases of accidents in river andlakes for 10 years

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Emergency Service2005
Torrential rain and hail in
Guchin-Us, Uvorkhangai,
claimed lives of 4 children and1021 head of livestock
10 suffered and 4 lost their lives
and 949 head of livestock diedin 9 thunderstorms caused
damage estimated to 41
million MNT
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Emergency ServiceFires(1995 – 2005)
Steppe and forest fire -1952
Damage - MNT12231.2
million.
Building fires – 21393
Damage - 1878 gers andhouses, cars and techniques
and fences for livestock
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Emergency ServiceEarthquake• 80% of territory - seismic active• 12 soums - prone to earthquake of 9M
1905, “Bulnai range” – earthquake of 11M
1967, Mogod, Bulgan - earthquake of 8-9M
1995-2005• 50 cases of earthquake or 4-5 cases in every year
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Emergency ServiceOutbreaks of infectious diseases(1999 – 2005)
67 outbreaks of animal infectious
diseases:- foot and mouth disease- anthrax- madness and etc.
The total loss - MNT 3362.6 million.

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Emergency Service

Hazardous Phenomena and Disasters(1995-2005)

3000

2676

2529
2500

2142

2556
2335

2286
2037

2106

2038
1791

2000
1500
1000
500
0
1996 î í

1997 î í

1998 î í

1999 î í

2000 î í

2001î í2002 î í

2003 î í

2004 î í2005 î í

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Emergency Service

Losses Caused by Disasters(1999-2005) (million MNT)
180000160000140000120000100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

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Emergency Service

Types of disasters and their damage
to economic
Earthquake
0,03%

Spread of insects
0,06% Industrial &traf. acc
Radiation and0,76%
chemocal acc.
DroughtForest & steppe firesèõ öàñ çóä 519738
Acc.in rivers & lakes
0,01%
0,69%
3.92%
ø óóðãà
16866,1
Human inf.disease0,10%¿åð óñí û à 2243,1
0,04%
FloodÃî ë í óóðè
598,7
0.39%
Animal inf.diseaseÃàí4000
0.99%
Stormsî é õýýðèé 22641,42,92%
Î ãî òí î , öà353,8144,6
ãàçàð õº äë¯ éëäâýð çÖàöðàã, õèÕÃÕªÌ ÃÕª4413,152,4Dzud
246
90.07 %
5720,314
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Emergency ServiceEmergency Management Systemof Mongolia• The Law on Disaster Protection - 20 June 2003
• Government resolution - 7 January 2004
-National Emergency Management Agency(NEMA)
State Board for Civil Defence
Fire Fighting Department
State Reserve Agency
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Emergency Service

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
State Emergency
Commission

GOVERNMENT OF MONGOLIAMINISTER IN CHARGE FOR EMERGENCYMANAGEMENTNATIONAL EMERGENCYMANAGEMENT AGENCYSTATE DISASTER
MANAGEMENTSERVICES

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENTDEPARTMENTS OF CAPITAL CITYAND AIMAGSSEARCH AND RESCUEUNITS AND SUBUNITSDISASTER MANAGEMENTSERVICES OF CAPITAL CITY
AND AIMAGSDISASTER MANAGEMENTSTAFFS IN SOUM AND
DISTRICTS

DISASTERMANAGEMENT STAFFSOF ENTITIES AND
ENTERPRISESPART TIMEPROFESSIONALTEAMPART TIMEPROFESSIONALTEAMPART TIMEPROFESSIONALTEAM

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Emergency ServiceNEMA is responsible forimplementation of the Statedisaster protection policy andlegislation, as well as for the
professional organization ofnation wide activities.
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Emergency Service• Emergency management department anddivisions in administrative units• Rescue specialized unit, sub-units,
reserve branches and fire units in thecapital city and aimags• Over 4 000 staffs• About 40 000 assigned people• State Emergency Commission• 11 disaster protection state services
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Emergency ServiceChallenges• Weak early warning system• Supply by required rescue techniques andequipments on 5-15%• Supply by fire engines and equipments on57%• Outdated radiological and chemical
research equipments
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Emergency ServiceSolving problems• Government of Mongolia• UNDP and Luxemburg Government
funded project “Strengthening
Disaster Mitigation and Management
System in Mongolia” (since 2002)• Joint program and projects
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Emergency ServiceInternational Cooperation• International Civil Defence Organization (2002)• The Framework Convention on Civil Defence Assistance(2004)• UN OCHA, INSARAG• UNDP• ADRC• ADPC• Treaty of mutual cooperation with Government of RussianFederation on “the cooperation in the field of prevention oftechnological and natural disasters and elimination of theirconsequences” (1995)• Cooperation with other countries in the field of disastermanagement
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Emergency Service• The mission of the United Nations
Disaster Assessment and Coordination(UNDAC) team on assessment of thenational disaster response capacity ofMongolia (June 27 - July 9 , 2004)• UNDAC Mission Review (October 2-6,2005)22
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Emergency Service

Thank you for your attention!

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