ADRC Peer Review 2010
Mongolia
Asian Disaster Reduction Center

Overview of the Mission to Mongolia
Counterpart in Mongolia:
National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)
Mission Date:
6-9 December 2010
Theme of Review:
Awareness Raising and Capacity Development for
Earthquake Disasters(HFA Priority Action 3: Build Understanding and Awareness)

Review Team:
Team Leader
Prof. Masato Motosaka
Earthquake Disaster ResearchLaboratory
Disaster Control Research Center
Graduate School of Engineering,Tohoku University
Mr. Tshering Kezang
Governor, Dzongkhag Administration, Lhuentse, Bhutan
Mr. Vizesh Rana
Deputy Commandant, Ministry of Home Affairs, India
Mr. Masaru Arakida
Senior Researcher, Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)
Ms. Miki Kodama
Senior Researcher, Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)

Organizations & Officials Visited (1)1. NEMA (National Emergency Management Agency)− Mr. Namsrai Dumaa, Commissioner, Deputy Chief− Mr. Mijid Sukhbaatar, Senior Officer (EQ Study)− Mr. Mandakhgerel Batmunkh, Colonel, Senior
Specialist, Disaster Protection Department− Mr. Uuganbayar Batmunkh, Senior Captain, Head,
Training and Public Awareness Division− Ms. Altanchimeg Shaazan, Head, Foreign Relation
Division− Mr. Demberelnyam Baasasuren, LT, ForeignRelation Division
2. Disaster Research Institute (under NEMA)− Mr. Bayarjargal Buyan-Ulzii, Colonel, Director
3. Emergency Management Department,Ulaanbaatar City− Mr. D. Erdenebaatar, LTC, Deputy Director− Mr. S. Sukhbaatar, Colonel, Senior Officer, Disaster
Management Division− Ms. Tseelei Erdenechimeg, Specialist Responsible
for InfrastructureOrganizations & Officials Visited (2)4.

Mongolian Red Cross Society− Mr. Samdan-Dobji Rabdangyn, Secretary General− Ms. Zoljargal Galsan, Disaster ManagementProgramme Officer
5. Ministry of Education, Culture and Science− Prof. KH. Tsookhuu, Secretary, National Council for
Science & Technology− Mr. Jigmedsengiin Tseveendorj, Department ofScience & Technology
6. Metropolitan Urban Planning and Construction
Department− Ms. Erdenetuya. T, General Engineer, Urban
Development and Planning Dept., Ulaanbaatar City
7. Information・Post・Communication and Technology
Agency− Mr. Amgalanbat Batsuren, Director General, Policy
and Planning Department− Mr. Altankhuyag Gantumur, Senior Officer, Policy
and Planning Dept.

Organizations & Officials Visited (3)8.

Governor of 4rd khoroo of Sukhbaatar district− Ms. A.Tangad
9. Research Center of Astronomy and Geophysics,Mongolian Academy of Science− Dr. Sukhbaatar. U, Director− Prof. Demberel Sodnomsambuu, Scientific
Secretary− Mr. Ulziibat , Department of Seismology
10. United Nations− Mr. Onno van der Henrer, Proramme Officer,UNDP− Mr. Luwuer Ihier, Consultant for UNDP
− Ms. Catherine Decker, UN Programme Analyst− Ms. Munkhjargal Ts., Climate Change
Programme Officer

Brief Introduction of Mongolia
Geographical Info:Location: Between Russia and China
Area: 1,566,000 km2(Ulaanbaatar: 1,359 km2)
Altitude of Ulaanbaatar:
Population:
2.7 million(Ulaanbaatar: 1.2 million)
Administrative Structure:21 Aimag (Province) – Soum (District) – Khoroo (Sub-district)
Buildings in Ulaanbaatar:
Three construction periods;
1950’-1960’ :Bricks and masonry1970’-1980’ :Soviet-type Apartment: PC panel structure
1990’- :GER districts

Disaster in Mongolia
Types of Natural Disasters:

Drought , Dzud, Dust storms, Flood, Forest and Steppe Fires,Earthquake

Earthquake environment in Mongolia:– Seismic activity is increasing around U.B– Accumulated earthquake data (RCAG)– Possible scenario earthquake– Active faults around U.B (Hustain, Elmeelt, Gunjin)
Also faults (M7 class earthquakes) with distance of 200-300km;
Byteel fault, Mogod fault, Deren fault) due to UB geological basin
structure– Past and recent earthquakes 30 eqs with M>7, 4 eqs with M>81905(M8.0), 1905(M8.4), 1931(M8.0), 1957(M8.3), and1967(7.4: damage in UB) historical information

Disaster Risk Mgmt System in Mongolia
Legal System:
Law on Disaster Protection (20 June 2003)
Plans & Programme:
National Security Concept (July 2010)
National Strategy for Climate Risk Management and Action Plan
Integrated Earthquake Response Plan (January 2010)
Organizations:
National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) : more than
3,000 officials• Offices in each level of district & sub-district, and U.B cityCurrent Efforts in Awareness Raising &Capacity Development for Earthquake DRR
NEMA<Efforts>
 President’s concern on disaster prevention particularly
Earthquakes: Increased Budget for 2011
 Development of disaster protection legal environment,
integrated planning and policy system Approval of Integrated Earthquake Response Plan in March2010
 Collaboration among NEMA and RCAG for DRR<Issues> Increased possibility of earthquake occurrence around U.B
 Insufficient implementation of disaster prevention
trainings especially in schools and large scale

Current Efforts in Awareness Raising &Capacity Development for Earthquake DRR
NEMA (cont.)<Discussion and suggestion>
Importance of sharing disaster information, development of
human resource, and enhancement of communities’ capability
Utilization of new technology for disaster reduction
Establishment of “Disaster Reduction Day” and conducting
regular activities

Current Efforts in Awareness Raising &Capacity Development for Earthquake DRR• Disaster Research Institute<Efforts>
Initiation of research of disaster management, risk reduction
and risk transfer for 10 types of disasters
Undertaking of research on potential earthquake
Launching of laboratory test (chemical/radiation/fire)Recommendation of relocation to the people living in thehouses vulnerable to earthquake<Discussion and suggestion>
Expected loss considering potential scenario earthquakes
Seismic performance depending on construction periods
Dissemination of the research outcomesCurrent Efforts in Awareness Raising &Capacity Development for Earthquake DRR• Emergency Management Department, Ulaanbaatar City
<Efforts>
 Development of Contingency Plan for the City and periodical
revision DM Training for public Development of brochure for earthquake preparedness incollaboration with Red Cross Learning remote sensing technology by Korea<Issues> Insufficient fire facilities for centralized city
– 13 fire stations and 50 fire trucks
 Luck of knowledge of staff members on earthquake<Discussions and suggestions> Risk assessment and seismic performance of old buildings,
e.g. PC panel buildings constructed in 1970-1980

Current Efforts in Awareness Raising &Capacity Development for Earthquake DRR• Red Cross<Efforts>
 Development of good earthquake disaster educationmaterials– Pamphlet, DVD, poster, and calendar
 Development of 80 persons as trainers and 300 volunteers
for disaster risk management activities
 Implementation of simulation exercises in 1 school & 1
kindergarten<Discussions> Education materials based on research of disaster prevention
and regional characteristics for Mongolia

Current Efforts in Awareness Raising &Capacity Development for Earthquake DRR
Ministry of Education, Culture and Science<Efforts>
Recognition of earthquake disaster risk reduction– Implementation of EQ disaster preparedness and risk
reduction program from 2009– EQ conference in 2012
Accumulation of earthquake data information in RCAG
Establishment of disaster training and resource center<Discussions and Suggestions>Utilization of recent technology– Retrofit of old public building– Earthquake early warning system for centralized city
 Education based on not only general but also recent
research achievement
 Retrofitting of school buildings

Current Efforts in Awareness Raising &Capacity Development for Earthquake DRR• Metropolitan Urban Planning & Construction Department<Efforts>
 Introduction of building certificate & monitoring since 2010
 On-going development of GIS building database<Discussions> Seismic performance of existing buildings– Collaboration with I Irkutsk City for Soviet Union Standardbuilding– Collaboration with RCAG for Monitoring– Current building code form 1998
– Check system for building materials
 Methodology of seismic retrofit
 Emergency sirens with public awarenessCurrent Efforts in Awareness Raising &Capacity Development for Earthquake DRR• Information, Post, Communication and Technology Agency<Efforts>
 Intra network for disaster reduction among government
agencies Telecommunication technology used as a tool for early warning Nation wide coverage of cellular services and fiber optics
network Non-functional emergency siren system developed during theearly 1970’s<Discussions and suggestion> Necessity and possibility of earthquake early warning systemfor centralized city, U.B.
 Real-time data transmission by ICTPA
 Necessity of information provision for isolated damaged area
 Utilization of IT for public awareness and education for disasterprevention

Current Efforts in Awareness Raising &Capacity Development for Earthquake DRR• 4rd Khoroo of Sukhbaatar districtMany old buildings constructed in 1950’s on soft-soil site
along river; vulnerable apartments altered ground floor
columns
Sub-district with 4 kindergartens ,1 primary school, 1
secondary school, 3 historical museums, 35 apartments<Efforts>
Activities on evacuation training and education in a school
Planning of evacuation drill for schools and museums
5 officials in charge for emergency management
Designation of people’s roles in emergency<Discussions and suggestion>
People’s awareness for old buildings
Difference of evacuation drill for specified persons andunspecified persons (public spaces)
Development of volunteers for DRM activities

Current Efforts in Awareness Raising &Capacity Development for Earthquake DRR

Research Center of Geophysical and Astronomical (RCGA)<Efforts>
Accumulation of earthquake data and increasing seismic
activity around UB: Mongolian National Data CenterBasic information of scenario earthquakes- three levels– Active faults around U.B– Also faults (M7 class earthquakes) with distance of 200300km
Past and recent earthquakes 30 >M7, 4 >M8
Increased budget from 2011
Planning of hosting Asian Seismological Commission in 2012
<Discussion and Suggestions>Accumulation of geological information for earthquake
damage prediction in U.B
Awareness for earthquake early warning and installation ofEEW system
Utilization past earthquake information for earthquake
disaster education

Current Efforts in Awareness Raising &Capacity Development for Earthquake DRR• United Nation<Efforts>
 Project implementation for increasing capability of NEMA toprepare for and respond to disasters: cluster approach Planned emergency training for earthquake preparedness incollaboration with USAID in April 2011
 Sichuan earthquake study tour On-going support for search and rescue training and review ofguideline for SAR standard On-going UN planned activities; education for pandemic
disasters, incorporation of disaster education in school
curriculum by UNICEF<Discussions> UN’s contribution to seismic retrofit in developing countries
 Earthquake disaster training considering seasons and time Utilization of earthquake early warning Comparison of seismic design standard Disclosure of Contingency Plan

Advantages

Based on Observation and Analysis
President’s concern on disaster prevention particularly
Earthquakes
Develop disaster protection legal environment, integrated
planning and policy system
Budget allocation for earthquake disaster risk reduction from2011
Collaboration among NEMA and RCAG for DRR
Integrated data base of social information such as buildings
 Seismic and geological information for earthquake scenario
Collaboration with Irkutsk experts on seismic performance ofbuildings

Advantages

Based on Observation and Analysis (cont’d)Sub-district level activities have been undertaken Red cross has developed good disaster education materials andtrained 80 persons as trainers and 300 volunteers for disasterrisk management activities
Telecommunication technology used as a tool for early warning
Nation wide coverage of Cellular services

Points to Be Considered for Further Improvement
Based on Observation and Analysis

Lack of public awareness on earthquake risksNon-identification of amount of earthquake damage for theearthquake scenario
Weak dissemination of information to publicExpansion of fire during earthquakes is not identified in theGer districts
Lessons learnt from the past earthquakes were not sufficientlyusedNon-functional emergency siren system developed during theearly 1970’s
Insufficient fire services including man power, equipments andfire stations

Points to Be Considered for Further Improvement
Based on Observation and Analysis (Cont’d)Lack of collaboration of Scientists and structure engineers forearthquake disaster prevention
Seismic inspection of existing buildings not enough especiallyfor PC panel structures
Insufficient knowledge of seismic retrofitChecks and balances on the quality of building elements usedby builders

Findings and Recommendations of Reviewer(I)
1. Necessity of Earthquake Damage Prediction based on
possible earthquake scenario*

Combination of Social Information (population
distribution, building distribution) and Natural
information (Earthquake Data, Geological information,
deep underground structure and surface geology)*Collaboration of Scientists and Engineers

2 . Application of Disaster Prevention Research*Not only Seismic retrofit but also Earthquake Early
Warning for Centralized city

*Establishing Testing Laboratory for Building Structures

Findings and Recommendations of Reviewer(II)3. Education /Training for Disaster Prevention* School and sub-district* Incorporation of materials based on disaster prevention
research* Early Warning System (due to scientific and engineeringcollaboration)* Introduction of “Earthquake Shaking Table Car”
* Community-based Disaster Prevention Organizations
4. Determination of Mongolian Disaster Prevention Day
5. Earthquake Disaster Prevention Committee
Government, Academic ( Scientist and Engineer) , Utility
Companies, NGO’s and International Organizations
6. Risk Consistent Disaster Prevention Counter Measures
7. Legal Framework for More Active Involvement of Relevant
Organizations on Earthquake DRR Activities

Thank you very much for your kind cooperation!
Keywords:-Preparedness before earthquake-Multi-disciplinary collaboration-Closer relation between researchand education-Natural science, engineering
technology, and social science