Final Presentation
By
Shyam Sunder
Senior Economic Investigator
Disaster Management Division
Ministry of Home Affairs
Government of India

Joining in ADRCz I joined ADRC on 2nd October, 2004 asvisiting Researcher to share myexperiences of my country on disastermanagement and study the disastermanagement system of Japan and othermember countries of Asian Disaster
Reduction Center.

1

First Visitz On 7th of October, 2004 a group of three

Visiting Researchers from Lao PDR, China
and my self visited Kyoto City Citizens
Disaster Prevention Center, Kyoto
alongwith the Mr. Akihiro Teranishi, SeniorResearcher and Coordinator of Visiting
Researchers.

Kyoto Prefecturez Kyoto Prefecture is one of the best

known City of Japan. Kyoto is an
oblong –shaped prefecture
stretching from North to south.

2

Kyoto City Citizen’s Disaster
Prevention Centerz Kyoto City Citizen Disaster Prevention Center

was build with the objective to learn the citizensof Kyoto about Disaster Prevention. This center
was established after the long experience ofdisasters. In this Center, we can learn how toprotect our self and to act against disasters. The
Disaster Education programme is giving to theschool going children. The Kyoto government isincreasing the awareness of the children and thecitizens through this center. This center is divided
in the following Sections:-

3

Disaster Education Video RoomThe past histories
of disaster such as
earthquakes that
happened in Kyoto
And their terror are
Showed by HiVision Visual
System.

Typhoon Simulation RoomIn this room, we canpractically observed theimpact of the strong windby using the wind making
machine with a wind speedof 90 to 150 kmph. By thisexperience we can be
imagined how the strong
wind devastated the crop,
uprooted the trees anddamages to houses during
the Typhoon and also belearnt about the Typhoon.

4Smoke Simulation Room

Earthquake Simulation RoomIn that room,
we can experienceof 4-7 intensity
tremor shocks
and we will
introduce how tobe prepared in theearthquake.

z

In this room, we can learn that ina building/hotel fire how tosurvive in the smoke.

5Fire Fighting Equipment Roomz

In that Room all kind of model of firefighting equipments including
helicopter are displayed. This type ofthe Helicopter is to be used in casesof fire caught to the big buildings for
operation of the rescue operations ofpeople.

6

Fire Prevention AwarenessChecking Section

First Aid Training RoomIn that Room immediate basic
needs items are displayed andalso give trainings how to carryinjured persons on the stretcher,
how to bandage etc.

z

We can evaluate degree of firerisk in house and can learn how to
act against fire.

7

Observationz As I observed that over all this City Citizen

Disaster Prevention Center is very usefulfor getting practical experience and creating
general awareness about the disasters
preventions to the citizens mainly for school
children. In my opinion this type of disasterprevention centers may be opened at least
one in all prefecture.

About in Indiaz As per my information India have no City Citizen

Disaster Prevention Center in any State/City. In India thedisaster awareness learning and prevention programme is included
as a subject in Social Sciences in the school curriculum for class
VIII and IX. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
which has introduce the curriculum runs in a very large numbers
throughout of the country. Disaster Management will be
introduced in Class X from the next coming academic session(started from 2005). The Disaster Management is also being
included in the engineering and medical courses.

8

Contd.
z The State level training Institute are also organizing

awareness training/workshop/Seminar /Symposium
programmes for government officials, panchayat,
Block and tehsil level workers, NGO’s etc. The
Disaster Management Division in India is operating aon Natural Disaster Management under this scheme
the financial assistance is provided to the NGO’s, State
Governments etc. for creating awareness programmes
to the local community. Practical knowledge giving in
Citizen Disaster Prevention Center in Kyoto can beincreased the level of awareness learning to thecommunity.

Visit of Hyogo Prefecture Disaster
Management Centerz The same group visited Hyogo

Prefecture Disaster Management
Center (DMC) on 12.10.2004. Afterreaching their, it has come to the noticethat this DMC has various functions
carry out disaster countermeasures.
These special features includes :9Building resistant to any
disasterszThe building of DMC is aearthquake resistant and also
water and heavy to very heavy
wind proof.

Equipment with back up functions tokeep Headquarters operating
DMC has available Back- up system of
two emergency electricity generatorswith fuel stock of, dual decoders andsecured drinking water from their own
well.

10

Centralized and streamlined Works ofrelated Divisions of the Prefectural
Governmentz With its unique design andlayout, this building helps toentire divisions related todisaster management andallowing them to work as
effectively as emergency.

11

Sufficient Space in DMC
This Center has also secure asufficient space for the officials of
related government agencies suchas Self Defence Forces and Police
department and for representatives
from utility companies.

Emergency Path
Disaster Management
Center’s Building haveconnected with the subway
path to the Prefectural
Government Office Buildings.

12

Relief material Store Room

Emergency Relief Headquarters
Control RoomIn this building, thelocal
Government
have stored reliefmaterial in advance for
distributing in case ofany emergency such as
boiledRice
andblankets.

13•This Huge Control Room contains U-shape setting
arrangements for meetings among the Executive
Director of the Headquarters, namely Governor of
Hyogo Prefecture and other designated membersin the event of emergency and also equipped withthe phoenix Disaster Management System, which
would provides the latest information relating to
the damages. In case of a disaster, the control
Room would form a core of disaster activities tobe carried out in the Hyogo Prefecture.

Network Control Room•This room is vital fordisaster management in
Hyogo
Prefecture.
It
contains a variety ofcommunicationequipments
includingserver of the phoenix
DisasterManagement
Systems and Satellite
communication network.

14

Contd.

Main Purposes of the Center

This control room connected with
331 Computer work stations
installed for disaster managementwith the Prefectural Government
offices,
prefecture
relatedorganizations, Municipalities, local
fire stations etc.

As I observed that the main purpose of thisunique Disaster Management Center iscollection of information as a result of
disasters, initial stage estimation damage
and assessment of actual damage, together
with a map and visual images. In my
opinion, establishment of DMC withphoenix systems required in each prefecture
Headquarter.

15

About in Indiaz In India, All the State Governments have set up control roomin the State Headquarters and also at the district level. All the
district control rooms are connected with telephones (withsimple four digit numbers), Internet and also having Fax
Machine, Emergency light, Satellite Phone, Laptop, etc. But
at present these control rooms are not having all kinds oflatest technology equipments and facilities like the Phoenix
Systems available in the Hyogo Prefecture. All the control
Rooms in India, need requirement of the strengthening of thecontrol rooms. The Governments have already taken initiatedfor strengthening of control rooms.

Next visit to Osaka Prefecture
Thereafter myself and my colleague from Lao have visited
Osaka Prefecture office on 8.11.2004. Osaka city is thesecond largest city in Japan. This city is a business centre andalso connected with the other countries by the International
Air port. Being a largest city and business center, Osaka
Prefecture has big responsibilities to the city. Two river
namely Yado river and Yamato river passes through the
Osaka prefecture besides their tributaries. Yado river is bigger
than the Yamato river. The eastern part of the city is situatedin the Neya river basin and very low lying area. As about
three quarter part of the basin called internal water area.

16

Neya River

Activities under taken by theGovernment
The Sewerage Division,
Department of Public Works
under the Osaka Prefecture
officials have informed
about the sewerage system
in Osaka prefecture. It hascome to the notice that
99.5 % area of the Osaka
city is connected with underground drainage system.

17

Contd. about Activities
z They informed that there are four types ofSewerage Systems. The details of the seweragesystems are as under:z Regional Sewerage System – Collection,
drainage and treatment of wastewater from publicsewers within the river basin area.
z Public Sewerage System – Collection, drainage
and treatment of domestic wastewater storm andindustrial wastewater from within the municipal
area.

Contd.
z Specific Environmental Protectionz Sewerage System – A special seweragesystem for improving living conditions orconservation of the natural environment.
z Urban Storm Drainage System –Drainage

storm water from an urbanized area in orderto prevent inundation.

18

In the above mentioned sewerage system theytreated wastewater and tested for purification.
Thereafter, the wastewater discharged into the
Neya River with the help of pumps installedin these areas. This process is followed for the
improvement of the living environment.

z As I mentioned above Neya River

Basin is low-lying land and having
internal water, where rain watercannot naturally flow into therivers. The rain water fall in thisarea is forcibly discharged into theriver through the sewage system
by pumping.

19

Reservoir
The local government has made few
reservoir for overflow water of river andrain fall water. One Reservoir is ponddeveloped as public park used in the normaldays. During the rainy season the over flow
water store in that pond. This pond isdivided into three parts. Part A is normallyused for storage of overflow water of theriver and part B and C developed for playground.

20

Another Reservoir made besides the
Pond in the field of Pumping Station

Another Rain Water Reservoir
underground in a field

21

Reservoir for Rain water developed under theplay ground of the Junior High School

The local government has also
installed a ground water lifting pumpfor supply of drinking water in theemergency.

22

The main Objective
The main objective of the seweragesystem is creation of a safer andcomfortable town. Neya River basin ismainly comprehensive flood control
measures. In my opinion efforts taken by
the Govt. are good, but not enough forthe flood control measures.

About Indiaz The Geographical situations of each country isdifferent. The geographical situation of India isquite different from Japan. In India, cities are notsituated in the so much lowing areas and neither inthe river basin. All the Greater Cities/Mega cities
are having under ground sewerage system. Mostof the greater cities are having a waste water
treatment plant. After treatment of wastewater,water discharge in the rivers or directly in the sea.

23

Contd.

Next Visit to the Cabinet Offices,Tokyo

The local Governments have using pumping
system for discharging rain water from thelow lying areas through the drainage. In thesmall cities the local governments have also
made pumping stations for lifting of groundwater for drinking water supply. In India
normally the people are not made theirpermanent houses in the river belt basin.

On 10.12.2004 I visited to the Emergency
Operation Center of Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT). The mainfunction of the Emergency Operation Center as
central room for the disaster management todecide the immediate response in case of majordisasters, i.e earthquakes or typhoons. The centeris based on the latest Information Technology, has
a comprehensive role to collect integrate,
understand and disseminate the disaster
information and the damage conditions.

24

Emergency Operation Center
function as the Center Room

Collection of disaster Information
The regional organizations of MLIT and therelated organizations automatically transfer thefollowing information :z Comprehensive River information System:Rainfall, water level, flood control, discharge etc.
z Meteorological Information System:-Weather
map, Typhoon information, rainfall etc.
z Radar Rain Gauge System:- Estimated rainfall observedby radar system.
z Seismograph Network System :-Center has more than
700 seismograph data.
1.

25Collection of damage
information
The system for the collection of real timeof a disaster from a helicopter ormonitoring camera is prepared.
z Helicopter position Information System:The flight position of helicopter may bedisplayed on a map by GSP
Helicopter Tele System: The photos got by ahelicopter can be shown on the main display.
2.

Estimation of damagez Earthquake Disaster Prevention System:- Disaster

Information System is introduced and developedby the Cabinet Office for automatic roughestimation of damage caused by an earthquake. It
is the system which grasps an earthquake
occurrence situation, displays the data and theseismic intensity distribution obtained from theseismograph and performs damage prediction of astructure etc.

26

The base function of activity
z TV Conference System (Tele conference):- Through the digit
circuit, TV conference is performed with regional organization.
As informed by MLIT, in this center, the executive members
and core staff of MLIT assembled to seek for the comprehensive
disaster countermeasures especially at the time of theestablishment of headquarter for disaster.
z This center should be a central spot to provide informationof MLIT for the Official Residence of the PM and other relatedorganization, to request assistance to the related organizations
and to carry out publicity work.
z This center should have a supportive role with local
governments during the disaster.

Visit to Fire and Disaster
Management Agency (FDMA)z The Fire Services in Japan control under theautonomous bodies and developed as regional fire
defense headquarters and volunteer Fire Corps.
z FDMA is the center of the fire defense
administration, supporting the nation’s fire
defense forces. It also function as the national
Govt. for autonomous bodies and fire defense
related organizations.

27

The basis of the fire defense
administrationz FDMA has formulated various measures toprevent disasters such as fire, earthquake,storm, flood damage etc., to develop thenecessary legal basis and make improvearrangements consisting of the materials
and necessary equipments to minimize
damage when disaster occurs.

FDMA work as Control Tower indisaster control operationsz FDMA has the knowledge of the fire

defense systems throughout the country,
will play the role of a control tower indisaster control operation. It will ensure
prompt communication with and an
instructions to the relevant defense
organizations including Emergency Fire
Rescue Teams to minimize damage.

28

Disaster Prevention
z FDMA aim is to ensure people’ safety intheir social lives and need to develop
infrastructure with a high capability forpreventing disasters by considering every
possible risk to put large forces to provide
first aid, fire and rescue services including
Emergency Fire Response Teams with in alimited time after the occur of the disaster inan efficient manner.

Disaster Prevention throughcommunity level effortsz Volunteer Fire Corps plays a vital role as

first responders to save disaster stricken
people quickly. They have a knowledge ofan area and who lives where is necessary.
FDMA continues its public relations andsupports activities with these voluntarydisaster preventing organizations.

29Development of fire and disaster prevention
communication network useful in disaster
Related Govt. Agency

Local satellite
Communication network
Fire and Disaster management
Radio
Prefectural Govt.

City office

FDMA

Fire Defense HQ
Pre./City DM radio

City Govt. Disaster Admn. Radio(Broadcast radio)

Office of PM

City Govt. Dis. Admn. Radio

Hospital/Community
Fire & DM emergency Radio
connected with Fire Defense

Linked with fire departments andbranch stations
FDMA has links about 1600 departments and 3200
branch stations throughout the country. Permanent fire
defense forces means departments and fire stations
operated under city, towns and villages. About 0.93
million members (including female) are in Volunteer
Fire Corps (VFC) who have other professions for aliving. VFC continue to promote various activities to thecommunities disaster prevention programmes. They
maintain close relations with towns when not on call ortime of need.

30First aid and Rescue operations

Special rescue teams are reliable
in an emergency

The aim of the fire services to save the lives
that can be saved. They take quick action
determines life or death. Present prehospital care conditions in Japan. An
ambulance arrived at the site from a initialcall in a fire department (119) is about 6
minutes. During this period they give firstaid whatever they give.

1493 Special Rescue Teams are available inthe country and deployed in 859 fire
headquarters with a total team numbers of
about 24000. Rescue team members areprofessional. They rush to disaster sites
where people who need help are in a criticalcondition. They got the hard training andhaving latest sophisticated and special
equipments.

31

Prevent fire
After the Kabukicho building fire in
Shinjuku occurred in Sept. 2001, FDMA
has made Fire Defense law stipulates“ Standards for fire prevention equipment
and others. Under this rule every
building/house should keep some necessary
fire preventive equipments which minimize
damage such as fire extinguishing, smoke
alarming, evacuating, fire fighting etc.

Research and development of scientifictechnologies for prevention
Preventing fires, mitigating damage andidentifying causes are not possible without
the latest scientific technologies. For the
research and development of new firefighting technologies the Govt. hasestablished a National Research Institute ofFire and Disaster.

32

Fire Colleges to skill the Fire
Personnel
Increasing the capability of Fire personnel capableof handling new types of disasters and accidents
with the backing of knowledge on advance scienceand technology. Fire and Defence college as an
Institution attached to FDMA and Disaster
Prevention & Crisis Management College isdesigned to provide people with opportunities tolearn disaster prevention & crisis on the Internet,
so that it will help reinforce communities ability toprevent disaster.

In IndiaFire Defense Services under the State Government but their
Center is Civil Defense under the Ministry of Home
Affairs. The other structure and work is same as in Japan.
There is no fire Volunteer Corps. As per my information
fire Defense has no helicopter. As an when required, theyused Defence helicopter. For training of fire personnel andResearch, there are two college namely National Fire
service College, and National Civil Defense College bothin Nagpur. But we need more strengthen fire services to be
developed into multi-hazard response unit.

33

Visit to Disaster Management of
Cabinet Office

Historical records of Earthquake
in Japanz I visited International Disaster Management Section in the
Disaster management Cabinet Office of the Govt. of Japan.
Japan having the total area 0.25% of the world and 20%
Natural Disasters occurred in Japan.

z The experienced of earthquake is veryz Heavy Monsoon Rain Season (May-July)z Japan has vulnerable to all variety of Disasters such as
Earthquake, Typhoons (July-October), Floods, Torrential
Rains, Landslides, Tsunamis, Volcanic Eruptions and Snow
Avalanches

ancient in Japan as per the first written
record about the earthquake of
Yamato-Kochi in August, 416 in Japan
is available in the first Official history
book of Japan.

34

Disaster Management System inJapanzOrganizational Structure of Disaster Management in 3
layers. The main aim is to ensure multi- sectoral
coordination in 3 administrative layers.
z
At National Level :1.
Prime Minister : under the PM Central Disaster
Management council, Designated Admn. Organs. and
Designated public Corporation.
Their work is formulation and execution of DM
plan, comprehensive coordination, promoting execution of
the basic DM plan and operational plan

Prefectural Government Levelz Governor :- Under the Governor Prefectural

Disaster Management Council, Designated Local
Administrative Organizations and DesignatedLocal Public corporation.
Their work is formulation and execution of DM
plan.
Formulation and execution of Regional DM plan.

35

Municipal Levelz Mayors of Cities, Towns and Villagesz Municipal Disaster management Council

Their work is formulation and execution of
DM planFormulation and promoting execution ofRegional DM plan
To Resident Level

National Governmentz PM is the Head of the Cabinet and Chairman of the Central

Disaster Management Council.
Cabinet :- Cabinet Secretariat and the following Ministries
attached with the cabinet :Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Post andTelegraph- Fire Defense Agency
Ministry of Justice, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Environment,
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries-Forestry Agency, Health,Labour and Welfare, Economy, Trade and Industry
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport –Japan
Meteorological Agency (JMA), Coast Guard and Geological
Survey Institute36Disaster Management Councilz Prime Minister, Minister of State for DM

Central Disaster Management Councilz Chairman – Prime Ministerz Member of Council – Minister of State for DM and all
Cabinet Minister (less than 17)
z Chief of Designated Public Corporation- Governor of
the Japan Bank, President of Japan Red Cross Society,
President of Japan Broadcasting Cooperation, President of
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporationz 4 Experienced Persons or Academic Standing

Contd.
z Committee for Technical Investigation :z Chairman- Parliamentary Secretary of the

Cabinet Officez Advisor- Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretariat for

Crisisz Vice Chairman- Director General for Disastermanagement, Cabinet Deputy Manager of Fire andDisaster Management

37

Initiation in Disaster Managementz After 1950 the Japan has taken initiated thecountermeasures such as promotion of national
land conservation projects, improvement inwhether forecasting technologies, completion ofdisaster information systems and preparation ofdisaster management systems, the number ofcasualty and missing due to the natural disasters
has been declined.

Turning Point in Disaster Managementin Japan
The very large number of damage by the Typhoon
Ise-wan in 1959 was the turning point for thedisaster management, giving rise to a movement inplan and prepare a comprehensive disastermanagement systems. In 1961, the Disaster
Countermeasures Basic Act was enacted.
Thereafter, the DM system in Japan has been
improved and strengthen. The record shows thatthe casualties onward 1960 to the current year
2004 declined except 1995 Great Hanshin - Awaji
Earthquake.

38

In India

Contd.

In India Ministry of Home Affairs is a nodal Ministry for
Natural and Manmade disaster. Cabinet Minister of each
Ministry is a member of the Cabinet. The Name of theimportant Ministry and disaster related organization is PM
Office, M/O External Affairs, Home Affairs, Finance,
Defense, Agriculture, Rural Development, Power,
Telecommunication, Ministry of Road & shipping, Urban
Affairs, Petroleum and Natural Gas, Information &Broadcasting, Labour etc. In India there are also 3 layers
like in Japan. Central Relief Commissioner in the nodal
Ministry of Natural Disaster Management takes the meetingof Crisis Management Group (CMG). The related ministries
are the member of the CMG. The Central Relief
Commissioner send the latest information and situation to
the PM office and Cabinet office every day.

Public Sector/Private sector and Academicians are not
involve in the Cabinet. In India is also 3 layers- Central
Government, State Govt./ Prefectural and District including
Municipalities as in Japan.
As I stated in my first presentation the basic responsibility
for undertaking of Rescue, relief and rehabilitation measure in
the event of disaster is that of the State Govt. in India. The
role of the Central Govt. is supportive in terms of physical,
Financial resources, complimentary measures in sectors such
as Transport, food grains etc.

39National Government
CABINETCABINET COMMITTEEPRIME MINISTERNCMC

CABINETSECRETARYSECRETARY
TO P.M.

HOME
MINISTERSECRETARY (MHA)
NATIONAL
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENTAUTHORITYCENTRALMIN.

CENTRAL RELIEFCOMMISSIONER &DISASTER MANAGEMENTDIVISIONIMDSTATES &
UTs

CWC

NRSA

Turning Point in development inplan and strategies
The super cyclone in Orissa October,1999 and the Bhuj Earthquake in
Gujarat January 26, 2001 underscoredthe need to adopt multi disciplinary
and multi sectoral approach andincorporation of risk reduction in thedevelopment plan and strategies.

ORGANIZATIONAL SETUP

40

Contd.

Observation

The Govt. of India have brought about aparadigm shift in the approach to disastermanagement. The new approach proceedsfrom the conviction that development
cannot be sustainable unless disastermitigation is built into the development
process. After that the Govt. has taken somany initiated in the prevention of disastermanagement.

I observed that due to the long experienced of major disasters
Japan has initiated action to develop in disaster management
system more than 40 years earlier. India has brought out
paradigm shift in the approach to disaster management in few
years back and within a short period achieved in theirdevelopment process. For example
z 18 Specialist Response Team has been trained. Each teamconsist 45 personnel including doctors, paramedics andstructural engineering. Our target is to trained 144 teams.
z 14 Regional Response Centers of CPMF have been identified
to across the country for immediate response to flood,
cyclone, earthquake and landslide etc.,

41

Contd.

Contd.

z A 200 beded mobile hospital, fully trained andequipped is being set up by the M/o Health andattached to the leading Hospital in Delhi.

z Elements of earthquake engineering inz Adoption of building bye-laws for multi hazard
resistant design and construction initiation of retrofittingof lifeline buildingszundergraduate Engineering/Architecture Curricula
Disaster awareness introduced in school curricula
etc.

z Design and construction have been develop forStates for district multi hazard Emergency Operation
Centers for States and Districts. Construction work has
been stated for multi hazard resistant EOCs in 6 States
and 64 districts.

42Lessons Learnedz Fast Communication Systemz Immediate Responsez Accuracy of early warning Systemz Involvement of NGO’s with the local Govt.

in the rescue and relief operationz Involvement of Public/Private Sector in the
Policy making Council/Committee ofDisaster Management System.

Thank You
ありがとうございました

43