Annual Report of the LaMer Project FY 2019
1. Title:
Utilization of Samples Stored in es-Bank for Assessment of Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) in Fish Collected in Indian Ocean of Southern Java Waters, Indonesia.
2. Members’ Names and Affiliations:a. Prof. Tatsuya Kunisue, Division of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Centerfor Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Japanb. Tenma Watanabe, Division of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Center for
Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Japanc. Dr. Muhammad Ilyas, Laboratory for Marine Survey Technology, Agency for theAssessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Indonesia
3. Aim:Oceans and coastal regions worldwide, including Indian Ocean are coming underincreasing environmental pressures, one of which are from land-based and marine pollution.
Within the countries of Indian Ocean rim, maintaining the integrity of the regional
environment is one of the most important common interests. Monitoring and managing theenvironmental impacts of human activity on the ocean is essential to the maintenance of theliving resources of the ocean. In this context, the knowledge of levels and patternsof contaminants is necessary to understand the risk for organisms, including humans, and it
is very important for evaluating the global environmental health. However, there is still data
gap on toxic pollution within the region of Indian Ocean. In particular, there is no data
available on the occurrence of toxic pollutants in eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) within
Indonesian boundary. The aim of this study was to utilize of samples stored at es-Bank ofCenter for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES) to characterize the level of Persistent
Organic Pollutants (POPs) in fish and human risk assessment through fish consumption
from Eastern Indian Ocean of Southern Java Waters, Indonesia,
4. Procedure:Samples and Sampling
A total of 48 numbers of fish samples (n=48) belong to 16 species of fish from Eastern
Indian Ocean of Southern Java Waters, Indonesia during 2015 and stored in es-Bank ofCMES, Ehime University, Japan (http://esbank-ehime.com/dnn/) were used in this study for
analyzing of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). These fish samples were collected bytrawl from 5 station trawls using RV. Baruna Jaya IV belong to Agency for the Assessmentand Application of Technology (BPPT), Indonesia at fisheries management area of Indian
Ocean of Southern Java Waters, Indonesia during 2015 through fish stock assessment
project by Ministry of Marine and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia.
Chemical Analysis
The targets of POPs in the present study were hexachlorocybenzene (HCB),
hexachlorocyclohexanes(HCHs),
Chlordane
compounds(CHLs),
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The POPs analyses were conductedin the Laboratory for Environmental Chemistry of CMES, Ehime University, Japan based onthe analytical methods published elsewhere (Malarvannan et el., 2011).

5. Result:
All POPs analyzed in this study were determined in the samples (n=48) belong to 16
species of fish collected from Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) of Southern Java Waters,Indonesia during 2015. Figure 1 shows concentration of POPs (ng/g lipid wt.) detected infish of the present study. To our knowledge, this is a first study showing the contamination ofPOPs in fish from Eastern Indian Ocean of Southern Java Waters, Indonesia. Among thePOPs analyzed, DDTs (sum of p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD and p,p’-DDT) and PCBs were thepredominant in the same order magnitude concentration with mean and range of 37 (21-70)

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ng/g lipid wt. and 28 (17-37) ng/g lipid wt., rispectively, while CHL compounds, HCHs, HCBand PBDEs were 1 to 3 order of magnitude lower. Global comparison over world ocean(Figure 2) indicate that these POPs levels (concentration on wet weight basis) were generaly
similar to those fish collected from western Indian Ocean (Bonito et al., 2016) and South
China Sea (Sun et al., 2014; Hao et al., 2014), but lower than those from Pacific Ocean,Atlantic Ocean and Mediteranian Sea (Bonito et al., 2016). Contamination pattern of OCs
were generally in the order of DDTs>PCBs>CHLs>HCHs≥HCB>PBDEs (Figure 1) which is
generally in accordance with fish collected from west Indian Ocean, South China Sea andPacific Ocean (Figure 2).

Figure 1. Concentrations of POPs in 16 species of marine fish (n=48) collected fromIndian Ocean of Southern Java Waters, Indonesia during 2015.

Figure 2. Concentration (ng/g wet wt.) and composition of POPs in fish over world oceanssuch as WIO= west Indian Ocean, SCS= South China Sea, EPO= East PacificOcean, WPO= West Pacific Ocean, AO= Atlantic Ocean, MS= Mediteranian Sea,
EIO= East Indian Ocean of Southern Java Waters (Bonito et al., 2016 andreferences therein, Sun et al., 2014; Hao et al., 2014).

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Figure 3.

Composition of CHLs and DDTs in fish from Indian Ocean southern Java waters.

Composition of each compound showed that among POPs, BDE-47 was the only congener
detected for PBDEs, and β-HCH was the only isomer for HCHs. Whereas the compositionof CHL compounds, DDT and its metabolites (Figure 4) as well as PCB congeners (notshown) varied within the samples. In general, the metabolite of p,p’-DDE was the major ofDDTs indicating that the occurence of DDTs in the present study due to past usage of DDT.
However, certain fish such as Largescale tongouesole and common hairfin anchovy also
have high proportion of p,p’-DDT. The ratio of (DDE + DDD)/DDTs are often used toindicate the historically input of DDT. The ratio of (DDE + DDD)/DDTs > 0.5 can be thoughtthat DDTs are derived from historical use instead of new input (Yu et al., 2011). The higher
proportion of metabolites (DDE + DDD) compared the parent compound p,p’-DDT indicatethat the occurence of DDT in the present study was due to the past usage of DDT. As forCHLs, cis-chlordane and trans-chlordane were generally compounds found in fish of thepresent study. The bioaccumulative PCBs, such as CB-153, CB-138, CB-101, CB-99,
CB-52, CB-49, CB-74, CB-180 and CB-187 were the predominant and commonly found infish of the present study.
Finally, hazard quotient (THQ) as ratio between daily intake of POPs and their reference
doses (Health Canada, 1996) were calculated to assess human health risk. Based onIndonesian fish daily intake of 120.36 g/Capita/Day and average body weight (BW) of 57.7kg (KKP, 2016); the average of daily intake of HCBs, HCHs, CHLs, DDTs, PCBs andBDE-47 were 8.4 x 10-5, 1.0 x 10-4, 1.7 x 10-4, 1.5 x 10-3, and 3.6 x 10-5 µg/kg BW/day,rispectively. None of POPs analyzed in the present study have HQ exceded than 1 (HQ<<1)indicating no human health risk was expected due to fish consumpsion by Indonesian.
Table 1. Values of hazard quotient (THQ) of POPs for fish of the present study.
POPsConcentration(ng/g wet wt)

Daily Intake(µg/Kg BW/day)

Reference Dose*(µg/Kg BW/day)

Hazard Quotient(HQ)

HCBs

4.0x10-2(3.1x10-4 - 2.0x10-1)

8.4 x 10-5
(6.0 x 10-6 - 4.2 x 10-4)

2.7 x 10-1

3.0x10-4(2.4x10-6 - 1.5x10-3)

HCHs

4.9x10-2(4.4x10-4 - 3.9x10-1)

1.0 x 10-4
(9.0 x 10-7 - 8.2 x 10-4)

3.0 x 10-1

3.4x10-4(3.1x10-6 - 2.7x10-3)

CHLs

8.2x10-2(1.3x10-3 - 3.7x10-1)

1.7 x 10-4
(2.8 x 10-6 - 7.6 x 10-4)

5.0 x 10-2

3.4x10-3(5.5x10-5 -1.5x10-2)

DDTs

4.7x10-1(6.8x10-3 - 5.0x100)

9.7 x 10-4
(1.4 x 10-6 - 1.1 x 10-2)

2.0 x 101

4.9x10-5(7.1x10-7 - 5.3x10-4)PCBs

7.0 x 10-1
(2.3x10-2 - 2.2x100)

1.5 x 10-3(4.9 x 10-5 - 4.5 x 10-3)

1.0 x 100

1.5x10-3(4.9x10-5 - 4.5x10-3)

BDE-47

3.6 x 10-5(2.0x10-6 - 2.0x10-4)

3.6 x 10-5
(2.0 x 10-6 - 2.0 x 10-4)

1.0 x 10-1

3.6x10-4(1.8x10-5 - 2.0x10-3)* Indonesian Fish Daily Intake: 120.36 g/Capita/Day (KKP, 2016); BW: 57,7 Kg; *RfD (Health Canada, 1996)

References
Bonito et al. (2016), Evaluation of the global impacts of mitigation on persistent,bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants in marine fish. PeerJ4: e1573.
Health Canada, 1996. Values presently used by contaminants toxicology section. FoodDirectorate, Ottawa, Canada. In: Oostdam, J.V., Gilman, A., Dewailly, E., Usher, P.,

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Wheatley, B., Kuhnlein, H., 1999. Human health implications of environmental
contaminants in Arctic Canada: a review. The Science of the Total Environment 230,
1–82.
Malarvannan G, Takahashi S, Ikemoto T, Isobe T, Kunisue T, Sudaryanto, A., Miyagi T,Nakamura M, Yasumura S, Tanabe S. (2011). Levels and distribution of
polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine compounds in sea turtles fromJapan. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2011;63(5-12):172-8.
Hao, Q., Yu-Xin Sun, Xiang-Rong Xu, Zi-Wei Yao, Bi-Xian Mai. 2014. Occurrence of
Persistent organic pollutants in marine fish from the Natuna Island, South China Sea.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 85, 274-279.
Sun, Y., Qing Hao, Xiang-Rong Xu, Xiao-Jun Luo, Bi-Xian Mai. (2014). Persistent organic
pollutants in marine fish from Yongxing Island, South China Sea: Levels, composition
profiles and human dietary exposure assessment. Chemosphere 98, 84-90.
6. Publication/Conference presentation:a. Currently preparing for a scientific paper. A tentative tittle and authorship are as follow:
Sudaryanto, A., Ilyas, M., Watanabe, T., Tanabe, S., Kunisue, T. Characterisation ofPersistent Organic Pollutants in Fish from Indian Ocean of Southern Java Waters,Indonesia, In Preparation (Scientific Pubication).
b. Part of the result finding has been presented at LaMer Special Seminar (32nd LaMerSpecial Seminar) titled “Environmental Occurrence of Toxic Pollutants in Fish fromEastern Indian Ocean of Southern Java Waters: Trace Elements, Persistent Organic
Pollutants and Radionuclides”, held CMES, Ehime University, Japan, Matsuyama 11
November 2019.
7. Perspectives in Future:
The present study makes clear the contamination status of POPs in fish over world ocean inwhich fish of the present study from eastern Indian Ocean of southern Java waters,
Indonesia are considered has lower level (similar to sorrounding waters such as south china
sea and west Indian Ocean) compared to those of Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean andMediteranian Sea. This study provides useful baseline data for future research on
environmental occurrence and bioaccumulation of these compounds in eeastern IndianOcean.

4 / 6Collaboration by using storage samples in environmental specimen Bank(es-Bank)
Kind of samples used and Date of Received the samples from es-BANK.
Samples are muscle of fish samples collected from Indian Ocean of Southern Java Waters,
Indonesia during 2015 with total of 48 number of sample (n= 48). The samples are stored ines-Bank at Box Number 01-641 (http://esbank-ehime.com/dnn/) and Sample ID number asfollows. Samples of fish used in this study were received from es-Bank between the period of 31May – 30 August 2019.
Table. Kind of samples used in the present study from es-Bank of Ehime University.
NoSample IDSample

Common Name

1INA-F15-003

FishShortfin lizardfish

12INA-F15-004

FishShortfin lizardfish

13

INA-F15-005

FishShortfin lizardfish

14

INA-F15-007

Fish

Yellowtail scad

15

INA-F15-008

Fish

Yellowtail scad

1

6

INA-F15-009

Fish

Yellowtail scad

17

INA-F15-011

FishLarge-scale croaker

18

INA-F15-012

FishLarge-scale croaker

19

INA-F15-013

FishLarge-scale croaker

110

INA-F15-014

FishBlack pomfret

111

INA-F15-015

FishBlack pomfret112

INA-F15-016

FishBlack pomfret

113

INA-F15-017

FishLargescale

114

INA-F15-018

FishLargescale
tonguesole

115

INA-F15-019

FishLargescale
tonguesole

116

INA-F15-022

FishCommon
hairfintonguesole

117

INA-F15-027

FishLargefinanchovy Croaker

118

INA-F15-028

FishLargefin Croaker

119

INA-F15-029

FishLargefin Croaker120

INA-F15-032

FishBigeye Hairtail121

INA-F15-033

FishBigeye Hairtail122

INA-F15-034

FishBigeye Hairtail123

INA-F15-035

FishRoughback sea

124

INA-F15-036

FishRoughbackseacatfish

125

INA-F15-037

FishRoughbackseacatfish

126

INA-F15-038

Fish

Japanese
Threadfin
catfish127

INA-F15-039

Fish

Japanese
Threadfin
Bream

128

INA-F15-040

Fish

Japanese
Threadfin
Bream

129

INA-F15-051

FishDonkey
Bream croaker

130

INA-F15-052

Fish

Donkey croaker131

INA-F15-053

Fish

Donkey croaker132

INA-F15-062

FishCommon hairfin

133

INA-F15-065

FishCommonanchovy hairfin

134

INA-F15-069

FishBlackspottedthreadfinanchovy

135

INA-F15-070

FishBlackspotted threadfin

136

INA-F15-071

FishBlackspotted threadfin

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Number of Sample (n)Table. Kind of samples used in the present study from es-Bank of Ehime University (Continue).

37

INA-F15-072

FishBludger

138

INA-F15-073

FishBludger

139

INA-F15-074

FishBludger

140

INA-F15-079

Fish

Brushtooth lizardfish

141

INA-F15-080

Fish

Brushtooth lizardfish

142

INA-F15-081

Fish

Brushtooth lizardfish

143

INA-F15-088

FishConcertina fish

144

INA-F15-089

FishConcertina fish

145

INA-F15-090

FishConcertina fish146

INA-F15-094

FishKawakawa

147

INA-F15-095

FishKawakawa

148

INA-F15-096

FishKawakawa

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