National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Yuan Yi
National Disaster Reduction of China
2004-08-10

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Part 1 Introduction to China
Part 2 Disaster Situation in China
Part 3 Disaster Management in China
Part 4 Introduction to NDRCC

1National Disaster Reduction Center of China

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Position and Territory Area

People’s Republic of China
The neighboring countries
The countries across the sea
The other countries

2

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

The main types oflandform of China

The proportion occupied
the total area (%)

Mountain areas

33.3

Plateaus

26.0

Basins18.8

Plains12.0Hills

9.9

Topography and Landform

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

ClimateClimateMonsoon climate
Continental climate
Diverse climate
Unsteady climate

3

Population

National Disaster Reduction Center of China
Population (million persons)

The population growth of China from 1949 to 2002
1400

2002, 1284.53
1200
1978, 962.59
1000
800

600

1949, 541.67

400
1949

1953

1957

1961

1965

1969

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1997

2001

Year

Population density of China in 2000

100%

80%

808.3760%

790.14503.1940%20%459.0671.63

172.450%1952 1957 1962 1965 1970 1975 1978 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

YearUrabn population

Rural pupulation

The comparison between urban population andrural population of China from 1952 to 2000
Data source: National Bureau of Statistics of P. R. C.; Beijing Normal University

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Administration Division of China in 2000

Administrative Division
34333

2861

4

Economic Amount and Growth

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

The increase of GDP of China from 1952 to 2002
GDP (billion RMB)

12,000.00

2002, 10,355.36

10,000.00
8,000.00
6,000.00
4,000.00
2,000.00

1978, 362.41

1952, 67.90
0.00
1952

1956

1960

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

YearGDP of main countries in the world from 1996 to 2002Unit: billion U.S. $Country

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

No.

U.S.A

7813.2

8318.48790.29299.2

9996.2----10065.3

1Japan

4599.34212.33808.14346.94619.8----4141.42

Germany

2383.42114.52150.62114.81922.0----1846.1

3U.K.

1180.81319.01410.71442.01434.9----1424.1

4

France1554.41409.21451.81437.61317.1----1309.8

5

China

816.5

898.2

946.3

989.3

1080.0----1159.06

Italy1232.91164.81190.91172.51080.9----1088.87Growth Rate of China (%)

9.6

8.8

7.8

7.1

8.0

7.3

8.0

----

Data source: National Bureau of Statistics of P. R. C.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

5Due to the varied topography and unsteadyNationalDisasterReduction
Center allof China
climate,Chinahasalmostkinds of natural
disasters except for volcano eruption.

FloodDroughtWindstorm
Hail
Dust Storm
TyphoonLow temperatureand freeze
Snow
Earthquake
Landslide
Debris flowNational Disaster Reduction Center of China

Flood

The distribution of grand flood disasters in China(1949 to 2000)

Dongting Lake

Poyang Lake

Satellite map of the 1998 flood in theYangtze River Basin (August 4, 1998)

Satellite map of the 2003 flood in the Huaihe River Basin
Data source: Ministry of Civil Affairs of P. R. C., Beijing Normal University, Ministry ofScience and Technology of P.R.C., China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station(July 9, 2003)

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National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Drought

The distribution of drought disaster in China(1949 to 2000)>40℃
灾次Times (times)

The distribution of extreme maximum
temperature in summer of 2003

Data source: Ministry of Civil Affairs of P. R. C., Beijing Normal
University, China Meteorological Administration

TyphoonNational Disaster Reduction Center of China

Times of severe typhoon
landing in Eastern China(1949 to 2000)

Times of severe typhoon landing in China
14
12Times1086420
1971

1975

1979

1983

1987

1991

1995

1999

2003

Year

Data source: Ministry of Civil Affairs of P. R. C., Beijing Normal
University, China Meteorological Administration

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National Disaster Reduction Center of China

The distribution of earthquake epicenter in China(1949 to 2000)

Earthquake

Bachu-JiashiEarthquake
Earthquake
Bachu-Jiashi
Date:February
February16,16,2003
2003
Date:
Magnitude:6.8
6.8
Magnitude:
268persons
personskilled
killed268
震级Magnitude (Ms)

LijiangEarthquake
Earthquake
Lijiang
Date:February
February3,3,1996
1996
Date:
Magnitude:7.0
7.0
Magnitude:309persons
personskilled
killed309

Data source: Ministry of Civil Affairs of P. R. C., Beijing Normal University

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Landslide and Debris Flow

The distribution of landslide and debris flow in China

Ganzi Debris Flow in Sichuan Province
Date: July 12, 2003
51 persons killed or missing

Zigui Landslide in Hubei Province
Date: July 17, 2003

The intensity of landslide anddebris flow disasters

24 persons killed or missing

Areas with high intensity
Areas with medium intensity
Areas with low intensity
Data source: Ministry of Civil Affairs of P. R. C., Beijing Normal University

8

600

12000

500

10000

400

8000

300

6000

200

4000

100Persons

The population affected bynatural disasters in China
from 1981 to 2003

1,000,000 Persons

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

2000

00
1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

Year
Population affected by natural disasters

1999

2001

2003

Death toll

Area (thousand ha2)

60000
50000
40000

The crop growth affected bynatural disasters in China
from 1981 to 2003

30000
20000
10000
01981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

Year

Area of crop growth affected by natural disasters
Area of crop growthaffected by natural 10%
disasters

1%

Area of crop failure caused by natural disasters
Area of crop
failure caused bynatural disasters

5%

9%

1% 3%

Drought46%

Flood
Windstorm and hail
Typhoon

56%

28%

41%

Low temperature and freeze, snow

The average crop growth affected by different disaster classes in China from 1981 to 2003
Data source: Ministry of Civil Affairs of P. R. C.

National Disaster Reduction Center of ChinaIn China, the annual direct economic losses due to natural disasters
range from 4% to 6% of its GDP.
25000

350
300

1,000 houses

250
15000

200
150

10000

100
5000

1,000,000,000 RMB

20000

50001981 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Theeconomic
economicgrowth
growthTheTherapid
urbanization
processThe
rapid
process
The building damaged and direct
economiclossurbanization
causedby natural disasters
in China
Year

Number of buildings collapsed

Number of buildings damaged

Direct economic lossfrom 1981 to 2003

Theglobal
globalclimateclimatechangechangeThe¨ ¨ ¨Natural disaster has become a great obstacle restricting socialand economic development of China.
Data source: Ministry of Civil Affairs of P. R. C.

9National Disaster Reduction Center of China

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Chinese Government pays much attention to disastermanagement and takes disaster prevention and reduction as a
primary issue to ensure the sustainable development ofsociety and economy of China.

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National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Ministry of Civil Affairs

Natural disaster management
Anintegrated
integratedmanagement
managementsystemsystemofofnaturalnaturaldisasters
disasters
system in China An
The
Theunified
unifiedleadershipleadershipofofthe
thegovernment
governmentThe
divisionoflabor
among
government
departments
 The division of labor among government departments

The
Thegradedgradedmanagement
managementofofgovernment
governmentatatdifferent
differentlevels
levels

MinistryofofCivil
CivilAffairs
Affairs
Ministry

Organizingand
andcoordinating
coordinatingthe
thedisasterdisasterrelief
reliefwork.
work.
 OrganizingOrganizing
theinvestigationofdisasterandreleasingthe Organizing the investigation of disaster and releasing thedisasterinformation
informationuniformly.
uniformly.
disasterManagingand
anddividing
dividingfunds
fundsandandmaterialmaterialofofdisasterdisasterrelief
relief
 Managing
andsupervisingsupervisingtheir
theiruse.
use.
and
Organizingthe
thedonation
donationofofdisasterdisasterrelief.
relief.
 Organizing
Assumingthe
theduties
dutiesofofthe
theofficeofficeofofChina
ChinaInternationalInternational
 Assuming
DisasterReduction
ReductionCommittee.
Committee.
DisasterNational Disaster Reduction Center of China

The legal system for disaster management

China has promulgated and implemented more than 30 laws
and regulations concerning disaster reduction.
Law of the People’s Republic of China on Water and SoilConservation
Law of the People’s Republic of China on Earthquake Prevention andDisaster Reduction
Law of the People’s Republic of China on Fire Fighting
Law of the People’s Republic of China on Flood Prevention
The Meteorology Law of the People’s Republic of China11

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Natural Disaster Warning and Forecasting System

China has established a preliminary system for natural
disaster warning and forecasting.

 The national meteorological monitoring and forecastingnetwork
 The seismological monitoring and forecasting system The national hydrologic monitoring network
 The national monitoring and forecasting network for forest
fireproofing The national crop and forest disease monitoring andforecasting network

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

The emergency relief mechanism for natural disasters

12National Disaster Reduction Center of China

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Temporary habitation

Materials

Emergency evacuation

Donation
Temporary school

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National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Plan of Small Satellite Constellation forEnvironmental and Disaster Monitoringand Prediction

Chinaplanstolaunch two small opticalsatellites and one small
SAR satellite in 2006,
called the "2+1” Project,
and also China will
launch another 4 opticalsatellites and 4 SAR
satellites later.

Tropical Storm

Drought

Forest Fire
Ocean Disaster

Flood

Geologic DisasterNational Disaster Reduction Center of China

Disaster Relief Materials Reserve System

Disaster relief materials reserve system

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National Disaster Reduction Center of China

The problems existing in China’s disaster management
1. The disaster consciousness is weak in China.
 The public knows very little about disaster prevention and reduction.
 The governmental officials still do not understand the importance ofdisaster management.

2. The level of the disaster information management is low in China.
 The means to collect disaster information is backward.
 The disaster information is insufficient.
 The content and criterion of disaster statistics among different sections
is not uniform, and the information share is limited.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

The problems existing in China’s disaster management
3. The disaster relief management system is not sound and thedisaster emergency response capabilities are not yet powerful.
 China do not have specific, detailed and highly operable standards,procedures and rules for disaster relief guidance.

 China do not have sufficient disaster relief materials reserves and lackeffective means after disaster relief work is unfolded.

 The disaster relief plans are not quite sound.
4. The legal system for disaster management is not quite sound, andin particular China do not have a comprehensive “Disaster ReliefLaw” or similar administrative regulations.

15National Disaster Reduction Center of China

The problems existing in China’s disaster management
5. There is a gap between the input in disaster management
and specially in assistant to victims and the need of relief.
3.0
2.5

%

2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
1950

1954

1958

1962

1966

1970

1974

1978

1982

1986

1990

1994

19982002

Year

Ratio of disaster relief output to fiscal revenue in China from 1950 to 2003

Data source: Ministry of Civil Affairs of P. R. C.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

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National Disaster Reduction Center of China

National Disaster Reduction Center of China(NDRCC)NDRCC
NDRCC ofof Ministry
Ministry ofof Civil
Civil
Affairs
Affairs waswas officially
officially establishedestablished
ininApril,
April,2003,
2003,authorizing
authorizingthe
thesizesize
ofof85
employees.
85 employees.

Providing
Providingtechnological
technologicalservice,service,information
informationservice,service,application
application
research
researchandandpersonnel
personneltraining
trainingtotohelp
helpthethegovernment
governmenttotomake
makedecision-making
decision-makingofofdisasterdisasterreduction
reductionand
andrelief.
relief.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Institutional Layout and Personnel Setup

17National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Disaster Information Management

China Monthly Natural Disaster Bulletin
China Annual Natural Disaster Bulletin

Disaster Relief Decision-Making Reference
Internet Disaster Information Extract

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

NDRCC is now establishing

Disaster Information Managementandmaintaining
disasterdatabase and its management
information system, which willbe an important part of national
disaster information system ofChina.

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National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Disaster Assessment

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

19

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Training

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

International cooperation

20

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Compiling and issuing ——Disaster Reduction in China Magazine

Establishing and maintaining——

China Disaster Reduction Website•• Prompt
Promptthe
thepublic
publicdisasterdisasterconsciousness
consciousness•• Popularize
theknowledge
onPopularize the knowledge ondisasterdisasterreduction
reduction•• Release
Releaseandandsharesharethe
thedisasterdisasterinformation
information

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

What I want to do at ADRC?

1. To survey the mechanisms on how Japan and other Asian countries
deal with disaster reduction and disaster relief and analysis thepossibility to integrate them into the disaster reduction in China.
1) The disaster information management
 The design of disaster information indices The collection and report system of disaster information
 The establishment and maintain of disaster information management system ……

2) The disaster warning and emergency response management
 The disaster forecasting and warning The disaster emergency procedure The disaster information management and disaster rapid assessment
 ……

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National Disaster Reduction Center of China

What I want to do at ADRC?

3) The disaster risk management
 The disaster risk mapping The propaganda and education of disaster risk consciousness
 The management of disaster risk regions
 ……

2. To introduce the practice and lessonsof the disaster management work ofChina and promote the cooperation
between China with Japan and othercountries.
3. To attend the work of ADRC and lookafter more chances of the cooperation
between China with ADRC.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

22