National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Zhang Yunxia
National Disaster Reduction Center of China

2008-05

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Contents
General Conditions in China
Natural Disasters in China
Disaster Management of China
Priorities of fellow-up steps
Welcome to China

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

the geographical location of china
Located in eastern Asia and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, China has
9.6 million square kilometers of land area. Its eastern and southern continental
coastal line lasts more than 18,000 kilometers.

china

It has 7,600 islands of various sizes, of which Taiwan is the largest, with anarea of 35,798 square kilometers.

the administrative zone of china

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z4 municipalities directly under thecentral government
z23 provincesz5 autonomous regions
z2 special administrative regions——34 provincial level regions in total

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the terrain of China
The western part ofChina is higher than theeastern part of China. The
mountains, plateaus andhills cover about 67% of thetotal land area, whereas
the basins and plains makeup near to 33% of the total
land area.

In the west is the highest Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which stands
more than 4,000 meters above the sea level and has beenrenowned as the “roof of the world”. The Qomolangma Mount,
8,844.43 meters high, is the world’s highest peak.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Qomolangma MountHeight: 8,844.43 metersworld’s highest peakNational Disaster Reduction Center of China

the precipitation of China

The eastern part ofChina has more
precipitation than thewestern part of China.

The areas inwhich annual
precipitation is over
1600 mm are locatedin the southeast of
China.

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the temperature of China

 The south is warmer
than the north.

 The temperature
varied greatly fromsouth of China tonorth of China andthe greatest
difference is up to
approx 50 degree
centigrade.

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The winter in Sanya City
(Hainan Province)

The winter in Haerbin City
(Hei Longjiang Province)

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the population of China

China is a developing country with the largest population in
the world.
China at the moment is defined by large population, resource
shortfall and environmental vulnerability.

By the end of 2005, China has
a population of 1.308 billion andthe natural population growthrate was 5.89‰.
It remains China’s basic statepolicy to control population
increase and improve the qualityof new-born population.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Dynamics of Socio-economic Landscape Socio-economic growth on a fast track: China’s economy
has maintained an annual 9.7% growth rate.
 In 2006, its GDP reached 26 trillion RMB, and its
economic aggregate ranked fourth of the whole world. The
per capita GDP exceeded 2,000 US dollars.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

China is challenged by uneven economic
development and a huge gap between eastern coastand mid-western regions, between urban areas andrural areas.

12000

30000
10493

25000

10000

24905

20000

8000

15000

6000
3255

4000

5000

0

0
农村居民

Per capita disposable Income ofurban and rural residents ( urban
figure, left; rural figure, right)

9280

10000

2000

城镇居民

11930

东部

中部

西部

Per capita GDP in eastern, central andwestern China ( figures from left to right)

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Brief Introduction on China’s Natural Disasters

China is one of the countries in the world that suffers fromthe most serious natural disasters due to its vast territory,complicated climatic, geographical and geological conditions
and fragile ecological conditions.

Over 70% of China’s cities and 50% of the population arelocated in the regions frequently hit by major meteorological,
seismological, geological and maritime disasters.

National Disaster
Reduction Centerof China
Featuresof natural
disastersin China

Flood
Drought
Windstorm
Hail
Dust Storm
TyphoonLow temperatureand freeze






High frequency
Multiple types
Regional discrepancy
Severe losses

Snow
Earthquake
Landslide
Debris flow

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Multiple types, High frequency

 China has witnessed such disasters as flood and waterlog,
drought, windstorm, hail, dust storm, typhoon, lowtemperature and freeze, snow, earthquake, landslide, debris
flow and so on.

 Of all the natural disasters, flood, drought and earthquake
have led to the most severe losses, accounting for 80% to
90% of the total.

 Since 1949, major drought would happen more than seventimes, flood and waterlog 5.8 times and typhoon seven times
each year.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Regional discrepancy
 The major hazards are
droughts, snowstorms, andearthquakes in western andnorthern regions; The hazards are mainly floods,
landslides, droughts, andearthquakes in northeast,
southwest and central regions; The major hazards are floods,
typhoons, subsidence, anddroughts in southeast regions.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Severe losses which have been on the rise
 In the past 15 years or so, natural disasters have annuallycaused about 300 million people affected, 3 million houses
collapsed and 8 million people evacuated, leading to thedirect losses of nearly 200 billion RMB (28.6 billion US
dollars).

 The greatly destructive disasters in recent years:①Lijiang (Yunnan) earthquake in 1996;②Bachu-Kashi (Xinjiang) earthquake in 2003;③Typhoon Rananim in 2004;④the great drought in Sichuan and Chongqing in 2006.

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1. Lijiang (Yunnan Province) earthquake in 1996

 Date: Feb. 3, 1996 at 19:14 p.m.
 Magnitude: 7.0 on Richter Scale The dead : 309 persons
 The wounded: more than 16,000
persons The homeless: hundreds ofthousands of persons
 Economic loss: 4.6 billion RMB(0.66 billion US dollars)National Disaster Reduction Center of China

2. Bachu-Kashi (Xinjiang) earthquake in 2003
 Date: Feb. 24, 2003 at 10:03 a.m.
 Magnitude: 6.8 on Richter Scale The dead : 257 persons
 The wounded: more than 1000
personsNational Disaster Reduction Center of China

3. Typhoon Rananim in 2004

 Death toll: 182 houses totally damaged: 72,000 Houses partially damaged:
196,000
 Economic loss: 19.89 billion RMBNational Disaster Reduction Center of China

Cities were severely shocked.

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The public infrastructures were destroyed.

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Croplands were inundated.

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4. the great drought in Sichuan and Chongqing in 2006

 7.5 million people was inshortage of water supply fordaily life.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Facing severe disasters, Chinese government took
measures as follow:
1. Establishing disaster reduction organization and relevant
legal system
2. Integrating disaster reduction into National Development
Plans
3. Improving disaster information management
4. Enhancing disaster response management
5. Applying high-technology such as GIS and RS into disaster
reduction
6. Elevating public awareness of disaster reduction
7. Developing cooperation mechanism
mitigation

on regional disasterNational Disaster Reduction Center of China

1. Establishing Disaster Reduction Organization andRelevant Legal System National Commission for Disaster Reduction (NCDR) is
responsible for establishing state policies, regulations,guidelines and action plans on disaster mitigation.

 It is also responsible for organizing major national disaster
reduction activities, directing local efforts and facilitating crossborder interactions & collaborations.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

NCDR is composed of 34
ministries and bureaus, andthe standing bodies of it
include general office, boardofexpertsand
NDRCC(National Disaster Reduction
Center of China).

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

1. Establishing Disaster Reduction Organization andRelevant Legal System

 So far, more than 30 laws andregulations have been promulgatedon earthquake preparation, fire
prevention, flood preparation,
weather forecast and sandstorm
prevention and management.

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2. Integrating Disaster Reduction into National
Development Plans the disaster reduction has been
included into the state’s development
plan. The Chinese government has
placed disaster risk reduction as a toppriority on the agenda of the state andlocal socio-economic developmentplan.
 A state emergency response system
has been gradually built and improved.
The “State 11th Five-year Plan for
Disaster Reduction” has beenformulated.

National Eleventh Five-Year
Plan for Integrated Disaster
Reduction

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3. Improving disaster information management

 Disaster monitoring Disaster information report Disaster situation consulting Disaster database establishment
 Disaster information release

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3. Improving disaster information management
A 24-hour dynamic monitoring on major disaster
information has been put in place, which provides
disaster-management departments with timely andreliable disaster information.

National Disaster Information Management System

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

3. Improving disaster information management
When disasters happen
NDRCC(national level)
Within 2 hours
If the number ofthe dead (orthemissing)
exceeds 10

Civil affair department(provincial level)
Within 2 hours
Civil affair department(city level)
Within 2 hours
Civil affair department(county level)

disastersNational Disaster Reduction Center of China

3. Improving disaster information management
During the course of disasters

At the end of disasters

NDRCC(nation level)
The newest disaster information

Before 12 a.m.

Civil affair department(provincial level)
The newest disaster information

Before 10 a.m.

Civil affair department(city level)
The newest disaster information

Before 9 a.m.

Civil affair department(county level)

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

3. Improving disaster information management
A joint meeting mechanism has been established among relevant
ministries. Every month the NDRCC held a joint meeting with land
resource, water resource, agricultural, meteorological and seismic public
services and staffs to analyze major natural disasters and judge the trendof disasters.
Ministry of
Civil Affairs
China Earthquake
Administration

Ministry ofLand Resource

CONSULTIN NDRCC

and China Monthly Natural Disaster Bulletin regularly to
public.

State Forestry
Administration

China Meteorological
Administration

Sate Oceanic
Administration

9Releasing China Annual Natural Disaster Bulletin

Ministry of
Water Resources

Other
epartments

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

3. Improving disaster information management
National disaster database andinformation management system havebeen established, which play an important rolein disaster management.

Structure of Natural Disaster Database of China

 Damage assessment
 Risk analysis
 Decision making

Index system of Nature Disaster
Statistics System

The Situation of Damage
Information Management in China
3. Improving disaster information management
National Disaster Reduction Center of China

 On November 11th, 2006, the National Website for Disaster Reduction（www.jianzai.gov.cn）was formally launched, and it became the platform of
the most authority in present China for the distribution and collection of thecomprehensive information of natural disasters and has widened the scope ofthe distribution of disaster information to include the general public.

2

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4. Enhancing disaster response management

 National contingency plan system
 Disaster relief material reserve system

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4. Enhancing disaster response management

National contingency plan system

1. The State Council issued the “State Overall Contingency
Plan for Emergent Public Events”.

2. Contingency Plans at provincial level, city level and county
level were issued too.

3. Contingency Plans of towns, factories and schools werebeing made.

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4. Enhancing disaster response management

Training on contingency plans Provincial level City level County level Community level

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4. Enhancing disaster response management
According to national contingency plan system, when disaster happened: Related staff must keep close contact with affected areas; Joint workgroup was established as soon as possible and reached affected areas within 24hours；
Emergency material was disseminated to victims within 24 hours;
Central emergency fund was allocated to disaster areas in 72 hours;

anytimeRelated staff
Within 24 hours
Joint workgroupAffected areas
Emergency materials

Central emergency
fundWithin 24 hours

Within 72 hours

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4. Enhancing disaster response management
Standards of National Emergency Response
DegreePeopleDied

PeopleEvacuatedhousescollapsed

Earthquake
Magnitude
Scale

Ⅰ
Vice premier of StateCouncilAbove 200

Above
1 million

Above
200,000

Above 5 M.S.

Ⅱ
Minister of MCA

100-200

Above 800,000

150,000200,000

Above 5 M.S.

Ⅲ
Vice-Minister of MCA

50-100300000-800,000

100,000150,000

Above 5 M.S.

Ⅳ
Director-General of
department ofdisaster and social
relief, MCA

30-50

100,000300,000

10,000-100,000

Above 5 M.S.
20-50 peopledeadNational Disaster Reduction Center of China

4. Enhancing disaster response management

National contingency plan system
Establishment of a well-regulated disaster emergency response system
Phone Network 10-8355-9999
the connection With the bureaus of civil affairs of all levels

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Disaster relief material reserve system
 China has also established disaster relief material reserve system. Centrallevel stockpiles of disaster relief material have been built in 10 cities
including Shenyang, Tianjin, Wuhan, Nanning, Chengdu, Xi’an and so on.
Meanwhile, local stockpiles in some disaster-prone areas have also been
set up.

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Disaster relief material reserve system Tents
 Blanket
 Life raft and other equipments
for lifesaving
 Food others

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5. Applying high technology such as GIS and RS into
disaster reduction

Tropical Storm

Drought

Forest Fire
Ocean Disaster

Flood

Geologic Disaster

China plans to launch
two small optical satellites
and one small SAR satellite
recently, called the "2+1”
Project, and also will launchanother 4 optical satellites
and 4 SAR satellites later.

Plan of Small Satellite Constellation forEnvironmental and Disaster Monitoring and Prediction

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5. Applying high technology such as GIS and RS into
disaster reduction

The remote sensing technology and geographical information system have been used indisaster monitoring and assessment, which have provided technical support forcomprehensive disaster reduction, disaster relief and post-disaster rebuilding.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

5. Applying high technology such as GIS and RS into
disaster reduction
Damage Condition Assessment using RS
Technology

Disaster Risk Assessment

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6. Elevating public awareness of disaster reduction

 Overall Implementation for Publicity of the Knowledge Concerning
Emergency Management (guideline) Reduce disasters at communities (nationwide activity) Views on Improving the Work of Disaster Reduction in Schools(guideline) Handbooks of Disaster Prevention and Self-Rescue (manual)

to spread disaster prevention knowledge
to enhance the public awareness of safety
to help people have the knowledge on first aid and mutual aid

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6. Elevating public awareness of disaster reduction

Release the magazines on disaster reduction to publicNational Disaster Reduction Center of China

6. Elevating public awareness of disaster reduction

The opening ceremony of “reduce disasters at communities”

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6. Elevate public awareness of disaster reduction

The drill on disaster reduction in the school

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6. Elevating public awareness of disaster reduction

National TV disaster reduction competition(CCTV)

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7. Developing Cooperation Mechanism on Regional
Disaster Mitigation
 In September 2005, the Asian Disaster Reduction Conference
was held in Beijing, passing the Beijing Action Plan for Asian
Disaster Reduction.

 In September 2006 in Qingdao, the Disaster Relief Conferenceof the sixth ASEAN Regional Forum was held to discuss the key
areas and ways of disaster relief cooperation.

 In November 2006, the Second Conference ofDisaster Relief Department Chiefs of Shanghai
Cooperation Organization was held in Beijing.
The meeting passed the “Action Plan for SCO
Member States 2007-2008 Cooperation in
Disaster Relief”.

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

the main countermeasures for the next step

1. Comprehensive survey over disaster risks all over the country
2. Improvement of natural disaster monitoring, early warning andforecasting abilities
3. Reinforcement of the construction of major disaster reduction
projects
4. Advancement of non-project disaster mitigation activities
5. Elevation of the comprehensive research on greatly destructive
disasters
6. Better application of science and technology into disaster
reduction
7. Improvement of international cooperation to cope with global
climatic changes

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

The Imperial Palace(故宫)The Great Wall(万里长城)The places of interest (名胜地)The Summer Palace(颐和园)The Temple of Heaven(天坛)National Disaster Reduction Center of China

The Beijing Opera(京剧)National Disaster Reduction Center of China

The Porcelain made in Jingde
Town(景德镇瓷器)
The Paper-cut(剪纸)The civilian art (民间艺术)The Clay Figurine(泥人)National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Kung Tze (孔子)
Educationalist
The period of the Springand Autumn( 春秋时期)Lu Xun (鲁迅)WriterLi Bai (李白)PoetTang Dynasty（唐代）

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Length: more than 2 kilometers
Height: about 200 meters
Reservoir storage capacity : 31 billion cubic meters

Three gorges dam which is the largest dam in the world

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Length: 36 kilometers
Completion: May 1, 2008

Hangzhou Bay Bridge which is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world

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The gymnasium for Olympic Game of 2008

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BeijingShanghaiNational Disaster Reduction Center of China

Hong Kong

Macao

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Panda (大熊猫)National animal of China

Peony (牡丹)National flower of China

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有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎!
How happy we are, to meet friends from far away!

Welcome to China!

National Disaster Reduction Center of China

Zhang Yunxia(Visiting Researcher ADRC 2008)
Disaster Information Department of
National Disaster Reduction Center ofChina