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調査研究報告書㧺㨛㧚㧤㧢㩷䉳䊢䊑䉮䊷䉼╬䈮䉋䉎੐ᬺਥᡰេ䈱䊆䊷䉵 と 実 態䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷ᐕ㧟᦬㩷

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⛮⛯ߦะߌߚᡰេ૕೙ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫⎇ߩޢ‬ⓥᚑᨐࠍߣࠅ߹ߣ߼ߚ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬㩷ߎߩ⎇ⓥࠍㅴ߼ࠆߦ㓙ߒ߹ߒߡߪ‫ߏޔ‬දജ㗂޿ߚડᬺ‫ޔ‬ᡰេᯏ㑐‫ઁߩߘޔ‬㑐ଥ⠪ߩ⊝ߐ߹ߦᄙᄢߥߏදജࠍ⾦ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ෘߊᓮ␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㩷᳃㑆ડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ㓚ኂ⠪㓹↪ߩଦㅴߣ‫߇߽⺕ޔ‬⡯ᬺࠍߣ߅ߒߡ␠ળෳടߢ߈ࠆ౒↢␠ળߩᒻᚑߦะߌ‫৻ߩߘ߇ᦠᧄޔ‬ഥߣߥࠇ߫ᐘ޿ߢߔ‫ޕ‬㩷㩷㩷
2008 ᐕ 3 ᦬㩷⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ㜞㦂㨯㓚ኂ⠪㓹↪ᡰេᯏ᭴㩷㓚ኂ⠪⡯ᬺ✚ว࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㩷⎇ⓥਥᐙ ⧛ㇱ 㓉㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷ၫ╩ᜂᒰ㩷㩷ଐ↰㩷 㓉↵  㧔㓚ኂ⠪⡯ᬺ✚ว࠮ࡦ࠲࡯੐ᬺਥᡰេㇱ㐷㩷 ⎇ⓥຬ㧕㩷࡮࡮࡮╙ 1㧘2㧘4㧘5㧘6 ┨㩷㩷⧯ᨋ㩷  ഞ  㧔㓚ኂ⠪⡯ᬺ✚ว࠮ࡦ࠲࡯੐ᬺਥᡰេㇱ㐷㩷 ⎇ⓥຬ㧕㩷࡮࡮࡮╙ 3 ┨㩷㩷㩷ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ౒ห⎇ⓥ⠪ߣߒߡ૒ᷰ⾫৻㧔㓚ኂ⠪⡯ᬺ✚ว࠮ࡦ࠲࡯੐ᬺਥᡰេㇱ㐷⛔᜝⎇ⓥຬ㧕෸߮⍹Ꮉ⃿ሶ㧔หਥછ⎇ⓥຬ㧕߇‫ߚ߹ޔ‬දജ⠪ߣߒߡᐔᎹ᡽೑㧔หਥછ⎇ⓥຬ㧕‫ޔ‬ᴒጊ⒩ሶ㧔หਥછ⎇ⓥຬ㧕‫ޔ‬ᤊട▵ᄦ㧔ห⎇ⓥຬ㧕‫ޔ‬ේፉ㓷ਯ㧔ห⎇ⓥදജຬ㧕‫ޔ‬૒ਭ㑆⋥ੱ㧔ห⎇ⓥදജຬ㧕߇ߘࠇߙࠇෳ↹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㩷㩷目 次概要 .................................................................................................................................................................1
第１章 研究の目的と方法 .......................................................................................................................3
１ 問題 .............................................................................................................................................3
２ 目的 .............................................................................................................................................3
３ 方法 .............................................................................................................................................3
第２章 事業所内の支援体制と支援ニーズ ........................................................................................5
第１節 目的 .........................................................................................................................................5第２節 郵送調査 ................................................................................................................................8１ 方法 .............................................................................................................................................8２ 結果 .......................................................................................................................................... 11
第３節 訪問面接調査 .................................................................................................................... 41
１ 方法 .......................................................................................................................................... 41
２ 結果 .......................................................................................................................................... 41
第４節 考察 ...................................................................................................................................... 46
第３章 地域障害者職業センターのジョブコーチ支援の効果.................................................. 49
第１節 はじめに ............................................................................................................................. 49
第２節 １年後定着率に関する調査 ......................................................................................... 50
１ 目的 .......................................................................................................................................... 50
２ 方法 .......................................................................................................................................... 50
３ 結果 .......................................................................................................................................... 53
４ 考察 .......................................................................................................................................... 54
第３節 離職要因に関する調査 .................................................................................................. 56
１ はじめに ................................................................................................................................. 56
２ 目的 .......................................................................................................................................... 58
３ 方法 .......................................................................................................................................... 58
４ 結果 .......................................................................................................................................... 62
５ 考察 .......................................................................................................................................... 70
第４節 まとめ ................................................................................................................................. 72
第４章 支援機関の人的支援の実態 .................................................................................................. 73
第１節 目的 ...................................................................................................................................... 73
第２節 郵送調査 ............................................................................................................................. 75
１ 方法 .......................................................................................................................................... 75
２ 結果 .......................................................................................................................................... 76
第３節 訪問面接調査 .................................................................................................................. 105
１ 方法 ........................................................................................................................................ 105
２ 結果 ........................................................................................................................................ 105

第４節 考察 .................................................................................................................................... 109
第５章 米国におけるジョブコーチ支援サービスの発展と機能 ........................................... 111
第１節 1960 年代までの背景 .................................................................................................... 111
１ 教育・訓練不可能という障害観 ................................................................................... 111
２ 大型入所施設から地域居住へ ....................................................................................... 114
３ 地域生活訓練センターと保護工場............................................................................... 119
４ 一般雇用への移行を目指して ....................................................................................... 122
５ 1960 年代までの背景 —まとめ—................................................................................... 125
第２節 パラダイムシフト ......................................................................................................... 125
１ ゴールドの“Try Another Way”アプローチ ............................................................ 126
２ ウェーマンの“Job Coach”モデル ............................................................................ 130
３ 連邦による制度化とその変遷 ....................................................................................... 132
第３節 歴史的経緯のまとめ ..................................................................................................... 136
第４節 今日の援助付き雇用 ..................................................................................................... 137
１ 州レベルのジョブコーチ支援 ....................................................................................... 137
２ 米国ジョブコーチ支援サービスの課題 ...................................................................... 140
第６章 総合考察と提言 ...................................................................................................................... 143
１ 人的支援策の多様性と一貫性 ....................................................................................... 143
２ コミュニティにおけるリーダーの育成 ...................................................................... 143
３ おわりに ............................................................................................................................... 144
文献 ............................................................................................................................................................ 145
資料 ............................................................................................................................................................ 153

㩷‫ ޕ‬ᅃ 㩷㩷㓚ኂ⠪ߩᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ක≮‫ࠄ߆␩⑔ޔ‬㓹↪߳ߩ⒖ⴕߣ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺ↢ᵴߩ቟ቯࠍᡰ߃ࠆ೙ᐲߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬࡚ࠫࡉࠦ࡯࠴╬ߦࠃࠆੱ⊛ᡰេߦᄢ߈ߥᦼᓙ߇ነߖࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩេഥઃ߈㓹↪ߦቇࠎߢ࡚ࠫࡉࠦ࡯࠴ᡰេࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩᣇᴺࠍណࠅ౉ࠇߚ߇‫ࠇߘޔ‬એ೨߆ࠄ᭽‫ޘ‬ߥੱ⊛ᡰេߦࠃࠆዞഭᡰេߪᣢߦⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ታᘒߪᔅߕߒ߽᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㓚ኂ⠪߿ߘߩኅᣖ߳ߩᡰេߣਗ߮‫ޔ‬㓹↪ᓟߩዞഭᡰេߢߪᦨ߽㊀ⷐߣߥࠆ੐ᬺਥᡰេߩੱ⊛ᡰេߦኻߔࠆ࠾࡯࠭ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏߪ‫ޕߚߞ߆ߥߎߡࠇࠊⴕߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬੹ᓟ‫ޔ‬Ⴧᄢߔࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ฽߻࡚ࠫࡉࠦ࡯࠴╬ߩੱ⊛ᡰេߩ࠾࡯࠭ߦ⊛⏕ߦኻᔕߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ታᘒ‫⺖ޔ‬㗴‫ࠍ࠭࡯࠾ޔ‬ᛠីߒ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩᣇะᕈ╬ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬㓚ኂ⠪߇㐳ᦼ㑆ߦࠊߚߞߡ⡯႐ߦㆡᔕߔࠆߚ߼ߩലᨐ⊛ߥᡰេ૕೙ߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬╙ 1 ┨ߢߪ‫⺞ᧄޔ‬ᩏ⎇ⓥߩ⢛᥊‫ޔ⊛⋡ޔ‬ᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡ┵⊛ߦㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬╙㧞┨ߢߪ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺᚲౝߩᡰេ૕೙ߩታᘒ߿ᄖㇱߩᡰេᯏ㑐߳ߩᦼᓙ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩ੐ᬺᚲ⟲ࠍኻ⽎ߦ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬988 ੐ᬺᚲ߆ࠄ࿁╵߇ነߖࠄࠇߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬㓸⸘⚿ᨐߣ⸃㉼ࠍឝタߒߚ‫ޕ‬╙ 3 ┨ߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ㓚ኂ⠪⡯ᬺ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯႐ㆡᔕេഥ⠪ߦࠃࠆេഥߩ੐ᬺߩലᨐࠍ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩᜰᮡߦࠃࠅᬌ⸽ߒߚ‫ޕ‬╙ 4 ┨ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㓚ኂ⠪㓹↪ᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬㓚ኂ⠪ዞᬺ㨯↢ᵴᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫╙ޔ‬㧝ภ⡯႐ㆡᔕេഥ⠪੐ᬺߩេഥߩታᣉᣉ⸳‫ޔ‬ዞഭ⒖ⴕᡰេ੐ᬺᚲ෸߮ዞഭ⛮⛯ᡰេ੐ᬺᚲࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬1,484 ᯏ㑐߆ࠄ࿁╵߇޽ߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬㓸⸘⚿ᨐߣ⸃㉼ࠍឝタߒߚ‫ޕ‬╙ 5 ┨ߢߪ‫ޔ‬េഥઃ߈㓹↪‫࠴࡯ࠦࡉ࡚ࠫޔ‬ᡰេࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ⊒␽ߩ࿾‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߢ‫ࡉ࡚ࠫޔ‬ࠦ࡯࠴ߪߥߗ↢߹ࠇߚߩ߆‫ߩߘޔ‬ᱧผ⊛⚻✲╬ߩⷞὐ߆ࠄᢥ₂⎇ⓥࠍታᣉߒߚ⚿ᨐࠍ߹ߣ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬╙ 6 ┨ߢߪ‫ోޔ‬૕ࠍୄ⍑ߒ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩᣉ╷߳ߩឭ᩺╬ߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬－1－