COUNTRY REPORT OF PAKISTAN
Prepared by:
Tahir Mehmood (Assistant Meteorologist)
National Seismic Monitoring Center (NSMC)
Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD)
Cabinet Secretariat Aviation Division
Visiting Researcher
Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) Kobe Japan
August-November, 20151

Table of Contents
1. .......................................................... General Information of Pakistan

3

2. ................................................................. Natural Hazards in Pakistan

4

3.

2.1

Natural Hazards Likely to Affect Pakistan ........................ 4

2.2

Recent Major Disasters ..................................................... 5

Disaster Management System of Pakistan .................................... 7
3.1

Administrative System ....................................................... 7..................................................... 3.2
3.3

Legal System and Framework

9

Structure of Disaster Management ................................ 10

4. ................................ Disaster Management Strategy, Policy and Plan

17

5. ............................................................... Budget size on National level20

6. Progress of the Implementation of Hyogo Framework for Action(HFA) .............................................................................................. 20
7. ............................ Recent Major Projects on Disaster Risk Reduction

23

8. ................................................................................ ADRC Counterpart

25

References .......................................................................................... 26

2

1.

General Information of Pakistan

Pakistan is situated in South Asian region between longitudes 61o &75o30'E and latitudes 23o30' & 36o45'N covering a total land area of
796,096 sq km. It comprises the four provinces of Punjab, Balochistan,
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Sindh plus the Federal Capital (Islamabad),Gilgit-Baltistan region (GB) and 'Tribal areas (FATA)' under federal
administration. Pakistan controls Azad Jammu &f Kashmir (AJK). There isa Parliamentary form of Government with a Prime Minister as the executive
head and the President as the constitutional head. The National Language
is Urdu. According to the World Bank, Pakistan’s population is about 185
million at the year 2014.
The country shares its borders with Iran to the west, India in thesouth-east, Afghanistan in the north-west, and China in the north. The
Arabian Sea lies to its south as shown in (Fig-1). Pakistan shares total
border length of 6,744 km with neighboring countries; with Afghanistan(2,430 km); with China (523 km); with India (2,912 km) and Iran (909km).The coastal belt is about 1,046 km. Details of Maritime claims are:Territorial Sea (12nm); Contiguous Zone (24 nm); Exclusive Economic
Zone (200 nm) and Continental Shelf (200 nm).

3

Figure-1. Geographic location of Pakistan and its main cities

Geographically we divide Pakistan into five major portions: Northernhigh mountain ranges (the Himalayas; the Karakorum and the Hindukush);
The Balochistan Plateau along western bordering; the Indus River plains in
the east; the Salt range across the northern portion of the Punjab province
and the Deserts (Cholistan in Punjab & Thar in Sindh province).
The climate of Pakistan varies with its topography but most consistsof hot, dry desert, temperate in north-west and arctic in the north. About
60% of the total land area is classified as arid, which receives less than 200
mm annual rainfall. The southern slopes of the Himalayas and the submountainous tract receive higher rainfall ranging from 760 to 1270 mm
annually. Some areas adjoining Kashmir receive more than 2000 mm
precipitation per annum.
Pakistan has four well marked seasons: Cold, from November to
February; Pre-monsoon (Hot), from March to mid of June; Monsoon, frommid of June to mid of September and Post-monsoon, from mid of4

September to October. Summer season is extremely hot and the relative
humidity ranges from 25% to 50%. Day-time temperature in this season
remains 40oC and beyond in plain areas. The average temperatures in
winter range from 4oC to 20oC. Mercury sometimes falls well below
freezing point in Northern parts of the country. Temperatures can be as low
as 27°C in the north (at Skardu) in winter and as high as 52°C in thesouthern parts during summer.

2. Natural Hazards in Pakistan
Due to geo-physical conditions, climatic extremes, and high degrees
of exposure and vulnerability, Pakistan is a disaster-prone country.
Pakistan’s exposure to natural hazards and disasters could be ranked
between moderate to severe. A range of hydro meteorological, geophysical and biological hazards including earthquakes, floods, tsunamis,
cyclones and storms, droughts, glacial lake outbursts, landslides,
avalanches, pest attacks and epidemics pose risks to Pakistani society.
Some of these hazards (e.g. floods, landslides etc.) are predominantly
seasonal and occur on an annual basis, whereas other hazards such as
earthquakes and tsunamis are rare events but potentially highly destructive.
Pakistan frequently suffers from earthquakes. Northern and Western parts
are particularly vulnerable to earthquakes. The Indus River is known as
flood-prone area especially in July and August. High priority hazards interms of their frequency and scale of impact are: earthquakes, flooding,droughts, wind storms and landslides that have caused widespread
damage and losses in the past.

2.1 Natural Hazards Likely to Affect Pakistan
According to the NDMA, the analysis of hazard risks, vulnerabilities
and dynamic pressures bring home a scenario of more people living in andaround hazard-prone areas. More people would be living in existing
settlements in hazard-prone areas and new settlements would continue to5spring –up with expanding population. This trend may worsen over theyears since population of Pakistan is expected to be doubled in another 2530 years. At the other end, the frequency, severity and intensity of certain
hazards is on rise; e.g. droughts, flooding, soil erosion and landslides,
resulting from environmental degradation and climate change. The regionsof Kashmir, Northern Areas and parts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)
province are particularly vulnerable to landslide hazards. Aside from theyoung geology and fragile soil type of mountain ranges, accelerated
deforestation is a major cause behind increased incidences of landslides.
Small scale isolated landslide hazards happen frequently in the above
mentioned regions. Frequency of landslides may increase in future since
the forest cover is shrinking by 3.1% (7000 - 9000 Hectare of land taken
away annually).Due to topographical structure, most part of Pakistan has
high vulnerability towards landslides. From these scenarios it would beconcluded that disasters in future would be more frequent and their social,economic and environmental impacts higher than before. Regions that
previously were not prone to certain hazards (e.g. droughts, flooding), may
experience them in future.

2.2

Recent Major Disasters:A) Hindukush Earthquake (October 2015)
It was of magnitude 8.1 earthquake (PMD) that struck South Asia on
26th October 2015, at 14:09 PST (09:09 UTC) with the epicenter at
Hindukush region(45 km north of `Alaqahdari-ye Kiran- wa Munjan),Afghanistan having depth 193km. An aftershock of 5.3 magnitude struck 40
minutes after the main event. Mobile phone services were choked forseveral hours because of the high voice traffic. Tremors were felt inPakistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. The earthquake was also felt in the
Indian cities of New Delhi and Indian Administered Kashmir, and in theprefectures of Kashgar, Aksu, Hotan, and Kizilsu in Xinjiang, China whiledamage was also reported in Afghan capital Kabul. According to National
Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) preliminary state of losses and6damages last updated on October 29, 2015 are, total 272 people died,
2,152 injured, and total 25,367 houses damaged. Out of total deaths, 83
percent occurred in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan.
For detailed damages/losses, response & recovery of Hindukush
earthquake 2015 visit:
http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/disasters/losses.php

B) Flood (July 2015):
Due to heavy monsoon rainfall in July 2015 affected several areas ofPakistan triggered river and glacial lake overflow in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KP) and river overflow in Punjab province. According to National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA) preliminary state of losses and damages
last updated on September 12, 2015 are, total 238 people died, 232 injured,
total 4,111 villages affected and 1.6 million populations affected.
For detailed damages/losses, response & recovery of 2015 Floodvisit: http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/disasters/losses.php
http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/disasters/rescue.php

C) Flood (September 2014):
Due to heavy monsoon rainfall in September 2014 resulted
widespread flooding in Azad Kashmir, Punjab, Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and later Sindh province in Pakistan. According to
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), total 367 people died,
673 injured, total 107,102 houses damaged, 2.5 million population affected
and crop affected area was 2.4 million acres approximately.
For detailed damages/losses, response & recovery of Flood(September 2014) visit:
http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/aboutus/flood_2014.pdf

7D) Awaran Earthquake (September 2013):
This earthquake occurred on 24th September, 2013 having amagnitude of 7.7 Mw and a maximum intensity of VII (Very Strong). The
shock occurred 66 kilometers (41 mile) north-northeast of Awaran in theprovince of Balochistan, southwestern Pakistan. Mashkai, Mangoli, Awaran
and Mala/Dandar areas in Balochistan were badly affected. According to
NDMA, total 386 people died, 816 injured and 46756 total houses damaged.
For detailed damages/losses, response & recovery of Awaran
Earthquake (September 2013) visit:
http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/aboutus/EQ_Awaran_13.pdf

E) Flood (August 2013):
Due to heavy monsoon rainfall in August 2013 triggered flash floods
and caused widespread losses and damage across Pakistan. All provinces
and Azad Jammu & Kashmir badly affected. According to National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA), total 333 people died,173 injured, total
799,43,15 houses damaged, 1.5 million population affected and crop
affected area was 1.1 million acres approximately.
For detailed damages/losses, response & recovery of Flood (August2013) visit: http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/aboutus/flood_2013.pdf

F) Flood (September 2012):
The floods began in early September 2012, resulting fromheavy monsoon rains
in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa(KP), Upper
Sindh, Southern Punjab and Balochistan regions of Pakistan. Initiallyaccording to the Met Office forecasts, Pakistan was to receive below
normal rainfall in 2012 and most of these areas were bracing for a drought.
But by September 1 the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) started
to roll out emergency weather advisories stating that an extremely low
8pressure Monsoon system, developed over the Bay of Bengal will enter thecountry and cause widespread heavy rainfall across Southern Punjab,
Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Eastern Balochistan and Sindh. The
low pressure system entered the country on September 3 and lashed theseareas with heavy falls. The system continued to stay till September 12,
2012.Flash Floods triggered by heavy rains caused widespread destruction
across vast swathes of the country, breaking a 24-year rainfall record. The
chief amount of rainfall recorded 481 mm at Jacobabad in Sindh province
from 5 to 9 September 2012.
According to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), total
571 people died, 2,902 injured, total 636,438 houses damaged, 4.8 million
population affected and crop affected area was 1.2 million acres
approximately.
For detailed damages/losses, response & recovery of Flood(September 2012) visit:
http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/aboutus/flood_2012.pdfG) Flood (August-September 2011):
The flood was originated mostly because of rainfall and observed thehighest ever recorded monsoon rain in Sindh province started from Aug 11,
2011 to Sept 14, 2011. So the inundated area increased respectively with
rainfall .Unprecedented torrential monsoon rains caused severe flooding in
16 districts of Sindh province. Balochistan province also affected.
According to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), total 520
people died, 1180 injured, total 16 million houses damaged, 9 million
population affected approximately and crop affected area was 2.3 million
acres approximately. It was second most devastating flood after July 2010
flood.
For detailed damages/losses, response & recovery of Flood (AugustSeptember 2011) visit:
http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/aboutus/flood_2011.pdf

9H) Flood (July 2010)
Pakistan experienced the worst floods in its history over the course of
the Monsoons .In July 2010, heavy rainfall was a result of interaction ofWesterly and Monsoon systems over Pakistan, producing record
precipitation 528mm at Mianwali and 471mm at Saidu Sharif. Pakistan
received 70.5% above normal rainfall in the month of July which caused
flash flooding and riverine flooding in several parts of the country resulting
into loss of life, property and widespread displacement throughout country.
At one point an area greater than that of Britain was under water. Allprovinces (Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh & Balochistan) including
Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir badly affected. The floods
destroyed homes, crops, and infrastructure and left millions vulnerable tomalnutrition and waterborne disease .Estimates of the total number ofpeople killed ranged from 1750 to 2200. The Pakistani economy was
harmed by extensive damage to infrastructure and crops. Total economic
impact may have been as much as US$ 43 billion. According to National
Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), total 602,765, houses damaged,
total crop area affected 2085.4 thousand acres, 6673 WSS (affected),
10,192 educational institute damaged and 146 industries damaged.
For detailed damages/losses, response & recovery of Flood (July
2010) Visit: http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/aboutus/flood_2010.pdf

Year

2015

Nature of Disaster
Hindukush
Earthquake(Magnitude: 8.1 as
per PMD)

DeathsInjuredPopulation
Effected(million)

272

2,123

-

2015

Flood

238

232

1.6

2014

Flood

367

673

2.5

10

2013

Awaran Earthquake(Magnitude: 7.7)

386

816

-

2013

Flood

333

173

1.5

2012

Flood

571

2,902

4.8

2011

Flood

520

1,180

9 .0

2010

Flood

17502200-

20

Table-1. Summary of recent major disasters and their devastation(Source: NDMA)

3.

Disaster Management System of Pakistan

3.1

Administrative System

Like Japan, Pakistan has also three administrative level ofgovernance; National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) as focal
point on federal level, the provincial Disaster Management Authority(PDMA) is the focal point for DRM endeavors in respective provinces andDistrict Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) on the district levels. If
disaster occurs, DDMA will be the first responder for rescue and if needed
the disaster may be focused on provincial or national level. National
Disaster Management Commission (NDMC) headed by prime minister has
been established for the formulation of over policies on national level whileon provincial level Provincial Disaster management Commission (PDMC)
headed by the chief minister of respective province will act as chairman.
The lower tear in disaster management system in Pakistan is DDMA which
is headed by the deputy commissioner of respective districts. NDMA would
provide technical guidance to national and provincial stakeholders about
formulation of plans, strategies and program for disaster risk management.
11

NDMC will formulate the policies and decisions on advice of NDMA.
Chairman / director general NDMA will act as secretary of the commission
at federal level while director general PDMA will perform his duties as
secretary on provincial level. The stake holders for execution of predisaster activities and post disaster scenario will be the district
administration with the help of civil defense department and other member
departments, NGOs and IOs.
Enhancement of National Disaster Management Act 2010 which
provide for following institutional arrangements:
 Disaster Management Commission at National(NDMC) andProvincial / Regional levels (PDMC)
 Disaster Management Authorities at National (NDMC),
Provincial / Regional (PDMC) and District (DDMA) level National Emergency Operation Centers (NEOC)
 National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) National Disaster Management Fund (NDMF)
 Provincial Disaster Management Fund (PDMF)
 National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)

Institutionalize Structure
NDMC

PDMCs

NDMA

PDMAs

(NEOC)NDRF(PEOC)

NIDM

Stake Holders

DDMAs

National Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat

12

Figure-2. Institutionalize Structure(Different Tires of Disaster Management Systems)(Source: Presentation by Nadeem Abro (NDMA), on National Disaster
System & Laws in Pakistan , 2011).

A) National Disaster Management Commission (NDMC)
NDMC formed in 2006 under National Disaster Management Act
2006 .Prime Minister is the ex-officio Chairman. The members include
leaders of the opposition in Senate and National Assembly, Federal
Ministers for Defense, Health, Foreign Affairs, Social welfare & Special
Education, Communication, Finance and Interior. Membership also
includes Governor KP (for FATA), Chief Ministers of four Provinces, Prime
Minister of AJ&K, Chief Executive of NAs, Chairman JCSC, andrepresentatives of Civil society or any other person appointed by the Prime
Minister. The Director General / Chairman of the NDMA acts as ex-officio
Secretary of the commission. NDMC is responsible for performing following
functions: Lay down policies on disaster risk management
 Approve the National DRM Framework and Emergency Response
Plan Approve plans prepared by Ministries or Divisions of the federal
government in accordance with National Framework and Plan
 Lay down guidelines to be followed by Federal and Provincial
Authority
 Arrange for, and oversee, the provision of funds for risk reduction,
preparedness and response and recovery measures.
 Provide support to other countries affected by major disasters as may
be determined by the federal government.
 Take such other measures for risk reduction, preparedness andcapacity building as it may consider necessary13 In addition, NDMC may constitute an advisory committee orcommittees of experts in disaster risk management
Meetings: NDMC will meet twice a year (before the start of monsoon andwinter seasons, during which seasonal hazards may occur), when early
warning thresholds indicate need, and when a disaster strikes.

3.2

Legal System and Framework

National disaster Management Ordinance promulgated in 2007.
Implementation of the ordinance would be ensured by NDMC. Under thisordinance National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) shall serve as
the focal point and coordinating body for the execution of the whole
spectrum of disaster management activities. All stakeholders including
government bodies, agencies at the federal as well as provincial level,
armed forces, UN agencies, international organizations and NGOs shallwork through the NDMA in all stages of disaster management.
A)

New Laws
National Disaster Management Ordinance 2007
National Disaster Management Act 2010

B)

Periodic legislation
The National Calamities (Prevention & Relief) Act 1958.
Local Government Ordinance 2001
Emergency Service Ordinance 2002

C)

Supplementary Laws
Pakistan environmental Act 1997
AJ&K environmental Act 1995
Karachi Port Trust Ordinance 1994

3.3

Structure of Disaster Management

14A) National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) formed in 2007. It isan executive arm and secretariat of National Disaster Management
Commission (NDMC) and responsible to manages complete spectrum of
disaster in a Pakistan. NDMA map all hazards in the country, organize
training and awareness raising activities and act as Government ofPakistan’s focal point for dealing with national and international community.
National Disaster Risk Management Framework (NDRMF) was preparedby the NDMA in March 2007. The NDRMF served as an overall guideline
for disaster risk management at national, provincial and district levels. In
March 2010, the NDMA formulated the National Disaster Response Plan(NDRP), which presents emergency response activities for all stakeholders
including Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs) of emergency response.
NDMA responsible for performing following functions: Map all hazards in the country and conduct risk analyses on aregular basis
 Develop guidelines and standards for national and provincial
stakeholders regarding their role in disaster risk management
 Provide technical assistance to federal ministries, departments
and provincial DM authorities for disaster risk management
initiatives, Organize training and awareness raising activities forcapacity development of stakeholders, particularly in hazard-proneareas Coordinate emergency response of federal government in theevent of a national level disaster through the National Emergency
Operations Centre (NEOC) Declare a National Disaster Awareness Day (to commemorate 08
October Earthquake) and conduct awareness raising activities atthe occasion
 Establish a National Disaster Management Fund
 Coordinate, formulate and Develop guidelines and standards forprovincial/regional and local stakeholder regarding their role indisaster risk management15 Ensure preparation of disaster risk management plans by all
districts
 Promote education, awareness and training on disaster risk
reduction and response

Organization Structure
Staff Officer

ChairmanStrategic Plan Unit

MemberDisaster Risk Reduction

MemberOperations

MemberSupport & Services

Disaster Risk Reduction-1

Response

Coordination andInformation Management

Disaster Risk Reduction-2

Recovery & Re-habitation

IT

Sectoral Specialists

Logistic

Admin & Procurement

Project Units

National Operation Center

FinanceNational Disaster Management Authority, Prime Minister’s Secretariat

Figure-3. Organization Structure of NDMA (Source: Presentation by
Nadeem Abro (NDMA), on National Disaster System & Laws in Pakistan,2011).

16

B) National Organizations for Disaster Risk reduction
NDMA is responsible for dealing complete spectrum of disaster in the
country as discussed above. Other main Organizations & their functions
with disaster related responsibilities are listed below:
 Emergency Relief Cell (ERC) Develop policies and arrangements for procuring relief items ona fast track basis
 Procure relief items, when needed Stockpile relief items in collaboration with national andprovincial EOCs, Civil
 Defense, Red Crescent, and other stakeholders
 Make arrangements for receipt of international assistance Make arrangements for receipt of international response teams
 Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD)
Pakistan Meteorological Department is both a scientific and a service
department, and functions under the Cabinet Secretariat, Aviation Division.
It is responsible for providing meteorological service throughout country.
Apart from Meteorology, the department is also concerned with
Agrometeorology, Hydrology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Seismology,
Geomagnetism, Atmospheric Electricity and studies of the Ionosphere andCosmic Rays. The major functions of PMD are to provide information on
meteorological and geophysical matters with the objective of disastermitigation due to weather and geophysical phenomena, agriculture
development based on climatic potential of the country, prediction andmodification of weather forecasts. To handle disasters the department has
introduced modern systems like: National Weather Forecasting Centre Islamabad (NWFC)
 Marine Meteorology & Tropical Cyclone Early Warning Centre
Karachi (TCWC)
17

 National Drought Monitoring Centre Islamabad (NDMC) National Seismic Monitoring and Tsunami Early Warning
Centre Karachi （ NTWC）
 Flood Forecasting Division Lahore (FFD) Flood Forecasting and Warning System for Lai Nullah Basin
Islamabad
Under the leadership of Dr. Ghulam Rasul, Director General PMD,
following MoU’s signed most recently:
1. Mutual Collaboration on Adaptation to Climate Change: MoU
signed by Inter Cooperation (IC) Swiss NGO and PMD:MoU signed between Inter Cooperation(IC), Swiss NGO, andPakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) for Mutual Collaboration
on Adaptation to Climate Change on 17 September 2015 at PAU,
Peshawar. MoU was signed by Dr Arjumand Nizami, Country
Programme Director and Dr. Ghulam Rasul, Director General of
PMD. PMD and IC are both supporting University of Agriculture
Peshawar in strengthening of the climate change cooperation.
2. Mutual Collaboration on Adaptation to Climate Change : MoU
signed by University of Peshawar (UAP) and PMD:MoU signed between The University of Peshawar and Pakistan
Meteorological Department (PMD) for Mutual Collaboration on
Adaptaion to Climate Change on 17 September 2015 at PAU,
Peshawar. MoU was signed by Prof. Dr Zahoor A. Sawati, Vice
Chancellor and Dr. Ghulam Rasul, Director General of PMD. Both theparties agree to continue collaboration on strengthening the CCC at
UAP.
3. Met-Office Launched Phone-Based Services:
Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) launched district-wide
Phone based Weather Information Service with the collaboration ofCentre for Language Engineering (CLE), of University of Engineeringand Technology (UET), Lahore. The Weather Information System
was inaugurated by Chairman NDMA, Maj. Gen Asghar Nawaz.
Dr. Ghulam Rasul, Director General PMD, Dr. Sarmad Hussain and18

Dr. Tania Habib from UET stated that it is completely automatedsystem which will pick the weather forecast of any district from thecomputer model archive of PMD.
Weather information service provides weather forecast of 139
districts of Pakistan by dialing the number +92-51-9250363. When auser calls this number, the user is greeted by the system and thenasked for a district name. The system provides the next 24 hour
weather forecast of the desired district to the caller.
DG PMD further informed that more details on weather information
will be added and the number of phone lines will be increased andspecialized weather information system for farmers of different
districts of Pakistan will also be launched soon.
4. Climate Related Maritime and Coastal Studies : MoU signed by
National Centre for maritime Policy Research ( NCMPR) andPMD
MoU signed between National Center for Maritime Policy Reseach(NCMPR), Bahria University, Karachi, and Pakistan Meteorological
Department (PMD) for research on “Meteorological and Climatic
Factors in Relation to Maritime Domain and Coastal Areas of theCountry" on 3rd August 2015 in Headquarter Building of Pakistan
Meteorological Department.

Figure-4. Climate Related Maritime and Coastal Studies : MoU signed by
National Centre for maritime Policy Research ( NCMPR), Bahria University
19and PMD (Source:PMD, Press Release August 03,2015)
MoU was signed by Mr. Sayyid Khawar Ali HI (M), Vice Admiral(Retd) / Director General NCMPR Pakistan and Dr. Ghulam Rasul,
Director General of PMD. The coastline of Pakistan extends 1,050 km(650 mi), 250 km falling in Sind province and 800 km in Balochistan.
Through MoU between NCMPR and PMD will work together to
conduct research in maritime and coastal domains to enhancescholarly cooperation. The broader areas of cooperation will include
mutually beneficial activities which are determined to be desirable
and feasible for the achievement of the objectives of joint research
projects.
 Federal Flood Commission (FFC) Prepare flood protection plans for the country
 Review and approve flood protection schemes prepared byprovincial governments and concerned federal agencies.
 Implement measures to improve flood forecasting and warning
system Prepare a research program for flood control and protection
 Standardize designs and specifications for flood protectionworks
 Evaluate and monitor progress of the National Flood Protection
Plan implementation
 Civil Defence Assist local administration / armed forces in rescue, evacuation
and relief measures.
 Save lives by rapid extrication of persons trapped beneathdebris or in buildings damaged by natural or manmade
disasters Render first aid to injured persons and transport them tonearest hospitals
 Ensure evacuation of damaged buildings/structures including
demolition of damaged structures to avoid further loss of lifeand properties.
 Provide quick and effective search and rescue coverage,
protection and operation in case of any disaster; Build publicconfidence by introduction of more effective measures for their
20

protection and ensure adoption of requisite preventive
measures by the communities to assist in restoration of
essential traffic so as to carry out rescue work without any
hindrance or obstruction
 Develop capacities in emergency response; e.g. evacuations,rescue, first aid etc.
 National Crisis Management Cell (NCMC)
 Manage a round the clock Operational Control Room Collect information on emergencies of all sorts in the country
 Coordinate with Provincial Crisis Management Cells (PCMCs)
and other agencies to gather relevant information; e.g. casualty
figures etc.
 Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority (ERRA) Post disaster damage assessment
 Reconstruction and rehabilitation in the affected areas
 Seismically safe reconstruction regimes and solutions
 Risk Reduction Program of ERRA aims at making earthquake
affected communities relatively safer from future hazard eventsin the area by developing their skills, response and institutional
capacities. Components of their program are district hazard
indication, enhancing response capacity of communities.

C) Local Organization for Disaster Risk Reduction
 Provincial/Regional Disaster Management Authorities (PDMAs)
Provincial/Regional Disaster Management Commissions (PDMCs)
establishedineachprovince/region.
Under
PDMCs,
Provincial/Regional Disaster Management Authorities (PDMAs) in
Punjab, Balochistan, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) provinces andalso in Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and Azad Jammu & Kashmir regions(AJK). PDMCs are the policy making bodied and PDMAs arecoordinating and implementing policies at provincial/regional levels.
The functions of PDMAs are same as that of NDMA did at national
level.

21

 District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) & Municipal
Disaster Management Authorities (MDMAs)
District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) shall beestablished by the provincial government in hazard prone areas on apriority basis. The District Authority will comprise of the Nazim,
District Coordination Officer (DCO), and Police Officer, ex-officio,
EDO health and Tehsil Nazims. The local government can nominate
other officers as members of the DDMA or MDMA. They may include
EDOs for education and agriculture, Red Crescent, NGOs, media,
private sector,
fire services, or any other local stakeholders. Municipal Disaster
Management Authorities (MDMAs) will be established in urban areasand cities on similar lines. The DDMAs and MDMs will perform
following functions: Formulate district disaster risk management plan, based upon
local risk
 Assessment, and coordinate its implementation
 Review development plans of government departments andprovide guidance on mainstreaming disaster risk reduction
measures in these plans
 Continuously monitor hazards, risks and vulnerable conditions
within the district, municipality, or cantonment areas
 Prepare guidelines and standards for local stakeholders on
disaster risk reduction,
 Conduct education, training and public awareness programmes for
local officials, stakeholders and communities Tehsil and town Authorties
Tehsil and town Nazims will lead the risk reduction and response
operations with the help of Tehsil or Town Municipal Officer in
consultation with the DDMA. Other key players include; extension
workers, police, fire services, community organizations (COs),
traditional leaders and NGOs. Appropriate local structures would beestablished for risk reduction and preparedness.
 UNION COUNCILS
Union Councils are the lowest tier in the governance structure.
Elected representatives from village and ward levels form these22bodies. These bodies have an important role in allocation of
resources for local development works.
 COMMUNITY BASED ORGANIZATIONSIn order to promote community level disaster risk management
activities, the capacity of existing community organizations will be
developed and enhanced by district and tehsil authorities. In theabsence of community organizations, new groups would beestablished to work on disaster risk reduction management. CBOs
will be trained about local early warning system, evacuation, first aid,
search and rescue, fire fighting etc. Linkages would be developed
between CBOs and relevant local agencies; e.g. agriculture, banks,
health and veterinary services to promote disaster preparedness.
Skills and knowledge of CBO leadership will also be developed infinancial management, people management, resource mobilization,
Interpersonal communication and presentation and negotiation skills.
The provision of Citizen Community Boards (CCBs) in Local
Government Ordinance (LGO 2001) provides a good opportunity toorganize communities and mobilize resources for issues like local
level disaster risk management

23

Figure-5. Disaster Management Organiszation Structure of Pakistan(Source: Presentation by Nadeem Abro (NDMA), on National
Disaster System & Laws in Pakistan, 2011).

Table-2. Government Institutions currently working on DM (Source:
National Disaster Risk Management Framework Pakistan, 2007).

24

4.

Disaster Management Strategy, Policy, and Plan

A) National Strategy for Disaster Management:
The Calamity Act of 1958 was mainly concerned with organizing
emergency response. A system of relief commission rate at provincial level
was established. An Emergency Relief Cell (ERC) in the Cabinet
Secretariat was responsible for organizing disaster response by the federal
government. The awareness of policy makers, media, civil society, NGOs,
UN agencies and other stakeholders remained low about disaster risk
management and the Country as a whole lacked a systematic approach
towards disaster risk management. The loss of life and property and thechallenges that were faced in the aftermath of October 2005 earthquake
affecting Azad Jammu and Kashmir and the KP province exhibited theneed for establishing appropriate policy and institutional arrangements to
reduce losses from disasters in future.
The need for strong institutional and policy arrangements has been
fulfilled with the promulgation of National Disaster Management Ordinance,
2006. Under the Ordinance the National Disaster Management
Commission (NDMC) has been established under the Chairmanship of thePrime Minister as the highest policy making body in the field of disastermanagement. As an executive arm of the NDMC, the National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA) has been made operational to coordinate
and monitor implementation of National Policies and Strategies on disastermanagement. The new system envisages a devolved and de-centralizedmechanism for disaster management. Accordingly, Provincial Disaster
Management Commissions (PDMCs) and Authorities (PDMAs) have been
established while similar arrangements have been made in AJ&K andNorthern Areas. The District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs)
have been notified across the country. The DDMAs are going to be thelinchpin of the whole system and would play the role of the first line ofdefense in the event of a disaster.
25

The National Disaster risk Management Framework has beenformulated to guide the work of entire system in the area of disaster risk
management. It has been developed through wide consultation withstakeholders from local, provincial and national levels. The Framework
identifies National Strategies and Policies for disaster management. Nine
priority areas have been identified within this framework to establish andstrengthen policies, institutions and capacities over the next five years:
These include:











Institutional and legal arrangements for DRM
Hazard and vulnerability assessment.
Training, education and awareness.
Disaster risk management planning.
Community and local level programming.
Multi-hazard early warning system.
Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into development.
Emergency response system, andCapacity development for post disaster recovery.
The NDMA has already embarked upon a five year development
program to implement the above nine priority areas. For the purpose,
the NDMA in collaboration with international donor agencies has
already secured commitments for the provision of 58 million dollars.

Source: http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/aboutus/SDM.php

B) National Disaster Risk Reduction Policy
Disaster risk reduction interventions were being carried out in the
country by different departments / agencies in isolation at national, provinceand district levels. There was a strong need to give them directions andsound guidelines to align their activities in line with the true spirit of National
Disaster Management Act, 2010 to counter the threats of disasters faced
26

by the country. NDMA, being the lead focal agency for disaster
preparedness and management, has therefore, embarked upon formulationof a comprehensive National Disaster Risk Reduction Policy through wider
consultations with all stakeholders including all provinces, state of
AJ&K and regions. This policy covers disasters risk reduction in a more
holistic way and introduces a proactive and anticipatory approach by laying
special emphasis on risk assessment, prevention.
Mitigation and Preparedness.
The policy shall promote priority measures to ameliorate existing
vulnerabilities to hazards and ensure that future development initiatives add
resilience. The policy also seeks to provide guideline for timely, dedicatedand adequate investment on hazard mitigation andpreparedness interventions at all levels which will not only substantiallyreduce the disaster risk but also the consequential damages & economic
cost associated with response, recovery and rehabilitation. The approval of
the policy by the National Disaster Management Commission on 21st
February 2013, headed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan, is a landmark
achievement and milestone of institutional strengthening of NDMA toward
creation of a vibrant disaster management structure across all the public
governance tiers. Effective implementation of the policy would in factmean beginning of new era where the nation could feel resilient from theshocks of frequent disaster.
Source: http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/preparedness/ndrrpolicy.php

C) National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP)In March 2010, the NDMA formulated the National Disaster Response
Plan (NDRP) identifying specific roles and responsibilities of the relevant
stakeholders in emergency response including Standard Operation
Procedures (SOPs).The plan aimed at enhancing the capacity of thecountry to prepare for and respond to disasters by defining the measures tobe considered necessary for disaster management and risk reduction inline with the provision of the National Disaster Management Act (Chapter II,
Section 10), was finalized in June 2012.The overall NDMP is a27

comprehensive plan, having a total investment cost of USD 1040.9 million(PKR 92.02 Billion with 1 USD = PKR 88.4), consisting of the “Main Plan”
document along with three supporting volumes besides the Executive
Summary, which identifies macro level hazards and risk assessment,
development of the multi hazard early warning system to reduce thevulnerability to disasters by enhancing and strengthening the early warning
capacity, identification of the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders,
including federal, provincial and district governments, community
organizations, NGOs, businesses, and individuals who are involved in thedisaster management.
The Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM)
approach, in view of its universal reorganization and importance in DRM
planning, has been given due place in the Plan. Based on pilot activities
tested in different hazard contexts and social settings, best practices andguidelines have been documented in the Plan to serve as models for future
CBDRM activities in Pakistan. The Plan also provides strategic direction forsystematic human resource development in the field of disastermanagement and the operational plan for the National Institute of Disaster
Management (NIDM).The components of NDMP published in one main
document with three supporting volumes, besides the Executive Summary,are entitled: National Disaster Management Plan Main Plan Human Resource Development Plan on Disaster Management Vol. I Multi-Hazard Early Warning System Plan Vol. II
 Instructors’ Guidelines on Community Based Disaster Risk
Management Vol. III
Source: http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/preparedness/ndmp.php

5.

Budget Size on National Level

For year 2014-205, NDMA budget is 169.417 million PKR which will
be used for handling various phases of disasters (Source: National
28

Progress Report on the Implementation of Hyogo framework for Action(2013-2015).

6. Progress of the Hyogo the Implementation of Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA)
National Progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo
Framework for Action (2013-2015), A National HFA Monitor update
published by Prevention Web, last updated on 12 March 2015. In Hyogo
Framework for Action 2005-2015, for implementation of 10 preventions
which highlighted in NDMP for next ten years (2012-2022), the following
strategic goals, actions and future outlooks defined:A) Strategic Goal Areas
1. The more effective integration of disaster risk considerations into
sustainable development policies, planning and programming at alllevels, with a special emphasis on disaster prevention, mitigation,
preparedness and vulnerability reduction.
Outcomes Statement
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Policy, outlining Pakistan’s objectives,priorities and directions for reducing risks from upcoming challenges ofdisaster management, was approved by the National Disaster Management
Commission headed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan on 21st February,
2013. The policy promotes DRR friendly development planning while
focusing on risk knowledge by development of risk and vulnerability atlas /index at national and local level, awareness raising on DRR, climatechange adaptation measures, disaster risk insurance, and community
based disaster risk management approaches, etc.
In line with the policy parameters, National Disaster Management
Plan for 10 years (2012-2022) was also formulated and approved by the
NDMC. The plan, which covers the complete spectrum of disasters
including: pre, during & post disaster phases, would steer the institutional
29

and technical direction of disaster risk management in Pakistan. It
comprises of the following four components: a) National Disaster
Management Plan; b) Human Resource Development Plan on Disaster
Management; c) National Multi-Hazard Early Warning Plan; & d) Instructors’
Guidelines on Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRM). Now
the next step that is implementation of the Plan has been taken. In thisconnection a dedicated Unit within NDMA has been established to track theimplementation of the Plan at all levels. In view of high scale of effective
contents & interventions proposed in the Plan and continuous follow up by
NDMA, a few projects under the NDMP stand already approved/underapproval by the concerned agencies. These include in- particular thefollowing:a) Short & Medium Range Forecasting (all four provinces, federal capital)b) Project for Capacity Building of DRM Institutions in Pakistanc) Up gradation of Karachi Weather Surveillance Radard) Satellite based Integrated Flood Alert System for flash floodse) Human Resources Development through Master Degree & PhD Programs
2. The development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms
and capacities at all levels, in particular at the community level, thatcan systematically contribute to building resilience to hazards.
Outcomes Statement:
Progress on the capacity building of dedicated institutions for disastermanagement at national, provincial and district levels through provision ofhuman and material resources continues. The NDMA is undergoingprocess of reorganization by creation of new sanctioned posts, wings andstrengthening of its existing Wings, NIDM and Media Cell. The annual
budget of NDMA for Financial Year 2014-2015 has been increased to meetthe emerging demand of human and financial resources from PKR 93
million in 211-12 to PKR 169.417 for the current fiscal year. Similarly theprovincial and regional governments have been urged to enhance thecapacities of provincial/ regional as well as district level disastermanagement authorities, by allocating specific budgetary allocation in theannual budgets as well as dedicated budget line have also been introduced30

to enable the authority to effectively undertake Disaster Risk Management(DRM) related activities.
The Emergency Service (Rescue 1122) is now the executive arm of
the provinces for emergency relief services wherever it is available. The
Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has also established Emergency
Service (Rescue-1122), Balochistan, Sindh, Azad Jammu & Kashmirand Gilgit-Baltistan have also notified establishment of Emergency
Services on the model of Punjab Emergency Services & Chitral (lead is
FOCUS). NDMA is enhancing the capacity building of the existing six
USAR teams. Earlier raising of two dedicated Urban Search & Rescue
Teams (USAR) at Karachi and Islamabad, two more USAR teams one forPakistan Army and one for District Mardan (Province of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa) have been raised.
Emergency Operations Centers at National, Provincial, and Districtlevels have been established and are being strengthened with improved
infrastructure (i.e. equipment) and skilled manpower. The National Instituteof Disaster Management (NIDM) has been established in a temporary
premises. Programs (CBDRM) programs are being promoted under the
NDMP and various stakeholders including International NGOs and local
NGOs are implementing multi-dimensional CBDRM programmes in various
regions up to the local and community level. NDMA has formulated
instructors’ guidelines on CBDRM from a multi hazard perspective. (NDMA)
in collaboration with World Food Programme (WFP) has initiated awarehouse network called “Humanitarian Response Facility (HRF)” at ninestrategic locations across the country.
3. The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into thedesign and implementation of emergency preparedness, response
and recovery programmes in the reconstruction of affected
communities.
Outcomes Statement:
ERRA continued implementing reconstruction and rehabilitation
programmes in the earthquake affected areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and
Azad Jammu & Kashmir. The NDMA ensured that all projects and activities
in relief as well as Early Recovery undertaken by all stakeholders including31

the federal and provincial governments, UN and international community,
NGOs and private philanthropy, during all emergencies, comply with DRR
standards and guidelines outlined in the NDMP.
NDMA devised an early recovery programme for restoration of life in
the disaster hit area which paved way for resilient recovery. The Floods
2014 caused substantial damage to crop (about 1 million acre, houses(129000), community infrastructure and livelihood of population in affectedareas. NDMA in collaboration with UNDP and other partners carried out
recovery needs assessment (R&A) which put estimates of recovery &reconstruction in aforesaid sectors as US dollars 439 million. That includes
US dollars 56 million for adding resilience through a variety of structuraland non-structural measuresB) Priority for Actions:
1) “Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority
with a strong institutional basis for implementation.
2) Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning
3) Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety
and resilience at all levels
4) Reduce the underlying risk factors5) Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels”

C) Future Outlook Areas:
1) “The more effective integration of disaster risk considerations into
sustainable development policies, planning and programming at alllevels, with a special emphasis on disaster prevention, mitigation,
preparedness and vulnerability reduction.
2) The development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms andcapacities at all levels, in particular at the community level, that cansystematically contribute to building resilience to hazards.
3) The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into thedesign and implementation of emergency preparedness, response
and recovery programmes in the reconstruction of affected
communities.”
32

Source:
http://www.preventionweb.net/files/42312_PAK_NationalHFAprogre
ss_2013-15.pdf

Table-3. The Relation between National Intervention and the Hyogo
Framework of Action (2005- 2015) (Source: National Disaster
Management Plan (NDMP), Main Volume, 2012).

7.

Recent Major Projects on Disaster Risk ReductionA) Pakistan Floods 2014: Recovery Needs Assessment andAction Framework 2014-16:
This Recovery Needs Assessment describes the strategic basis for a
response to the 2014 floods in Pakistan. This framework document
identifies and estimates the cost steps to bridge the gap between relief andrehabilitation by concentrating on interim, transitional and immediate33

actions to assist the affected population restore their lives and livelihoods.
The RNA priorities four sectors: Housing, Agriculture, Livelihoods andCommunity Infrastructure, with Disaster Risk Reduction and “build backbetter” as the overarching themes. The RNA caseload and cost estimatesare based on the data collected by the governments of Punjab and AJ&K
through the district governments and relevant line departments. Both thegovernments have put in place multiple levels of validation andtriangulation to ensure the credibility of needs and recovery costs. In
addition, the teams of NDMA and relevant UN agencies (FAO, ILO, UNDP,
UN-Habitat and WFP) carried out spot checks to selected locations to verify
the data reported by the provincial governments.
The projected timeframe for these activities is up to 24 months. The
framework projects the costs of two approaches, “replacement” and “buildback-better”. The slightly more focused action plans for the priority areas ofhousing, agriculture, non-farm livelihoods and community physicalinfrastructure are included as annexes, as well as an annex on Disaster
Risk Reduction. The RNA implementation will follow the guiding policies of
early recovery and will be led by the federal and provincial governments:
NDMA at the federal level and PDMA Punjab and SDMA for the province of
Punjab and AJ&K, respectively. The cash transfers and grants, alreadyunderway for certain interventions, will use the government transmission
channels and the extensive verification processes already put in place by
the Governments of Punjab and AJ&K. The technical assistance andadditional support, especially for building community resilience across thepriority sectors, may be provided by the international community using
appropriate implementation channels and strategies in coordination with
the NDMA, PDMA and SDMA.
Source:http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/Documents/Recovery_Needs_Assessme
nt.pdfB) Multi-sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) Report(PDMA/ NDMA / HCT Punjab Floods 2014)34

In September 2014, the Government of Pakistan requested support
from the Humanitarian Country Team in Pakistan (NGOs and UN) to
undertake a joint rapid assessment in Punjab following flooding impact.
Although a number of districts in Punjab were impacted by the floods, five
districts of varying degrees of flooding were identified for data collectionHafizabad, Mandi Bahauddin, Chiniot, Jhang and Multan. A sample of 541
villages were visited to gather data from key informants to provide asnapshot of the impact, possible areas for immediate intervention, and tounderstand the impact of any assistance provided to date. The
enumeration teams were comprised of local government, NGO, and UN
staff members; of the 63 enumeration teams, more than 50% had a female
enumerator. One female enumerator is recommended per team; however,many of the supporting institutions and organizations reported they had
limited numbers of female staff.
The methodology used was the multi-sector initial rapid assessment(MIRA), which has been developed with the NDMA and provincial leveldisaster management authorities (DMAs). This method aims to use a rapid
technique through interviews with key informants, for example, Imams,
Maliks, teachers, lady health workers, and others, to gather a basic
understanding as to the impact of the crisis and the populations’ condition
as a result. The information provided herein is only relevant to the areas
within each district impacted, and in no way reflect any area of the rest of
the district. The enumeration teams found massive impact to agriculture; anumber of real and potential public health concerns – for both the affected
population and the non-affected populations; and evidence of recovery
activities by the communities themselves. The total population affected by
the flood is estimated to be approximately 1.8 million in Pakistan(extrapolated from SUPARCO flood extent satellite imagery layered on the2011 Land scan dataset – based on the maximum flood extent)
Source: http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/Documents/mira_2014.pdf

C) Disaster Information online System

35

Pakistan Disaster Information is a nationally owned, open source data
platform that aims to enable the mandated agencies to share theirgeospatial datasets and maps on hazards and exposure. In order to ensurethat risk information is widely accessible to all decision makers, thisplatform will also host newly developed datasets, hazard and risk
information.

D) Development of National Platform for Risk Assessment
and Catastrophe Financing Pakistan ProgrammeThis project is being supported by Global Facility for Disaster
Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), World Bank and Department forInternational Development (DFID) under the “Development of a National
Platform for Risk Assessment and Catastrophe risk financing Programme
in Pakistan” which aims to implement risk identification and financing
framework that will encourage data-driven analysis and lead to a reduction
in disaster risk over the long term.

E) Evidence-based Risk Analysis
This programme will test the use of evidence-based risk analysis in
public policy making through a series of interventions to1) Provide risk information
2) Train users
3) Improve decision-making systems in disaster risk management.
Source: http//: www.disasterinfo.gov.pk

8. ADRC Counterpart
 From Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD)
Name: Dr. Ghulam Rasul
Designation: Director General, Met. Services, Islamabad
Office# +92 51 9250367
36

Fax# +92 51 9250368
Email Address: rasul@pmd.gov.pk , rasulpmd@gmail.com
Postal Address: Pakistan Meteorological Department, Headquarters
Office Sector H-8/2 Islamabad, Pakistan
 From National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Name: Maj. Gen. Asghar Nawaz, HI ( M)
Designation: Chairman
Office# +92 51 9222373, +92 51 9212444, PASCOMS: 35491
Fax# +92 51 9205086
Email Address: chairman@ndma.gov.pk
Postal Address: Prime Minister’s Office, 2nd Floor Sector G-5-1,
Constitution Avenue, Islamabad, Pakistan .Post Code 44000

References Cabinet Division, Government of Pakistan (2006): “National
Plan: Strengthening National Capacities for Multi Hazard Early
Warning and Response System”:17-20. Online available at:
http://www.pmd.gov.pk/Establishment%20of%20Early%20
Warning %20System.pdf
 MIRA Report- Final, Punjab Floods, Coordinated Assessments(2014): “Multi-sector Initial Rapid Assessment (PDMA/ NDMA / HCTPunjab Floods 2014)”.2.
Online available at:
http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/Documents/mira_2014.pdf
 National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) (OCT, 2011),
presentation by N.H. Abro, on “National Disaster System & Laws
in Pakistan” Slide no. 15, 24, 25. Online available at:https://www.google.co.jp/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=3BkBVsDLNerM8gf
uiZ7ICQ&gws_rd=ssl#q=National+disaster+system+and+laws+in+pa
kistan+by+nadeem+abro37 National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Government ofPakistan (February 2007):“National Disaster Risk Management
Framework Pakistan”.35-41. Online available at :http://www.ndma.gov.pk/Docs/National.Framework_ Full.pdf
 National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Government ofPakistan (March 2007): “National Disaster Risk Management
Framework Pakistan”.3,19. Online available at:
http://www.slideshare.net/sherdastkhan/national-disaster-riskmanagement-framework-pakistan-south-asia
 National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Governmentof Pakistan(2012):“National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), Main Volume”: 46 Es. Online available at: http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/ National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Governmentof Pakistan(2012):“National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), Executive
Summary”: Preface.
Online available at: http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/
 “National Progress Report on the Implementation of Hyogo
framework for Action (2013-2015)”: published by Prevention Web. 235, 47-65.online available at:
http://www.preventionweb.net/files/42312_PAK_NationalHFApro
gress_ 2013-15.pdf
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Government ofPakistan (2014): “Pakistan Flood 2014: Recovery Needs Assessment
And Action Framework 2014-2016”.4-5.

38

Online available at:
http://www.ndma.gov.pk/new/Documents/Recovery_Needs_
Assessment. pdf
 Official website of National Disaster Management Authority(NDMA). Online available at: http://www.ndma.gov.pk
 Official website of Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD).
Online available at: http://www.pmd.gov.pk

39