Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

Final presentation
for the Visiting researcher programme (FY2013 A)
Asian Disaster Reduction Center
Kobe, Japan
Chinbaatar LKHAMJAV
Senior officer in charge of radio communication andwarning system
Emergency Management and Warning Center of NEMA

1Outline of presentation
1 Information and communication system
1.
in Mongolia
2. Disaster early warning system inMongoliag
3. Disaster early warning system in Japan
4 Disaster4.
Dit information
i fti andd communicationi tiin Japan, Tohoku earthquake March 2011
5. Planning of disaster early warningsystem2

1. Information andcommunication system in
Mongolia

3

Telecommunication“Telecom Mongolia” is the national telecommunications companyof Mongolia that provides a wide range of telecommunication productofferings such as internet services,
services cable TV networks,
networks radio and TV
broadcasting to Mongolian customers.
Main activities:• Traditional telecommunication• Next-generation network telecommunication• F-zone
Fwirelessi lttelecommunication
li ti• Internet service provider

Figure 1. Number of telecommunication points
Source: National Statistics Office of Mongolia

4

Mobile communication
Two GSM system operators /Mobicom and Unitel
LLC/ and two CDMA system
yoperators
p/Skytely LLC andG-Mobile LLC/ are providing mobile communications
services in Mongolia.

Figure 2.
2 Number of mobile users in 20092009-20132013
Source: National Statistics Office of Mongolia
5FM radio

More than 100 radio stations, including some 20 via repeaters for the public broadcasteras well as transmissions by multiple international broadcasters were available.
6

TV broadcasting
TV broadcasting in Mongolia started in 1967, when the first nationaltelevision program was aired in Mongolia
Mongolia.
There are 99 companies and organizations, which have television
broadcasting licenses, including 70 companies to provide cable TVservices.
iFigure 4. Development of TV broadcasters in Mongolia
Source: Information Technology, Post and Telecommunication Authority of Mongolia 7

2. DisasterDit earlyl warningisystem in Mongolia

8Disaster communication system
National Emergency management Agency
organizes every kind of communication.
g systemy-Earlyy warning-Telecommunication system-Radiocommunication network-Satellite
Satellite communication network-Integrated network of stateorganization
i tig
information data bases for-Integrated
disaster management
910

Radiocommunication network

11

Earthquake disaster warning system
Mongolian government is co-implementing South
Korean communications provider KT project ofEarthquake Disaster Warning System (EDWS) in 20122012
2014. The system will gather, process, and distributeg wireless or wired
information when disasters occur using
connections. National Emergency Management Agency
will also be able to send emergency SMS messages
nationwide.
iid12

General structure of earthquake disaster warning system

CBIS /Cell broadcasting information server/
in Earthquake disaster warning system
Research center for
astronomy andgeophysics of mongolian
academy of sciences

National
emergency
managementagency

National agency
meteorology andthe environmental
monitoring

Cellulartelephonecompanies

DATA/soundSpecial line

Special line

Control Center (NEMA)

Monitoring
displayysystem

Ceneralcontrolysystem

Networksystem

CBIS system

Earhquake disasterwarningi system
tEarthquakeoccured

C ll l phoneCellularhusers

Emergency
managementandd warningicenter

Nationwide /TV/
Nationwide/FM radio/

Simultaneous
automaticttiactivation !!

Alert siren

15

Earlyy Warning
g to Mobile Phones
EMWCenter of NEMA
CC SystemCBIS

Disaster information
Send command
Disaster information
BSC
Officer in charge of system
CellularResidends
BSC

Simple cellphone

CBC
BSC

CBS (Cell Broadcasting Service) phone disaster notification broadcasting system
The mobile communication technology that broadcast disaster message tomobile-phone users at base station transceiver subsystem, who havespeciali l receivablei bl IDID.
Disaster message transmission to nation-wide or specific area resident users
simultaneous at once.

3. Disaster early warning
system in Japan

17

Monitoring earthquake activities
Seismic data GatheringySystem

The earthquake monitoring system
collates seismic data coming fromseismographs installed in 4200
locations throughout Japan.

4200 sites around Japan.
18Gathering and analyzing information on earthquake andtsunami

EPOS（Earthquake Phenomena Observation System）

・Analyzes the seismic data for Earthquake andTsunami.
・Announces Earthquake Warning alarm starting rightafter from detection of the earthquake.

19

Earthquake Early Warning System
Main-waveP-wave

S-waveDisastermanagement
Organizations

Immediate action against
gdisasters
Ensure Safety of residents

PublicInstitutions(h(hospitals,it l schools,h lEnsure evacuation and safetyetc. )Use toreduce
damageResidents
Fire prevention, evacuation

JJapanMeteorological
AgencyDissemination

Transportation,
elevators, etc.

Emergency stop for safety

Earthquake Early
WarningCompanies/Factories

Protection of workers and facilities
against disasters
Backup of important data

20

Delivering Information on Earthquake and Tsunami
Fire and Disaster
Management Agency

Japan
Meteorological
AgencyAdministrative OrganLocal Government

Telecom CarriersMediaEPOS(Earthquake
Phenomena
Observation System)

Lifeline carriers
Transportation
Tt tifacilities

Earthquake or tsunami warnings are
Japan Coast Guard
instantly delivered to central & local
Ministry for Land,
governments, broadcasters, telecom
Infrastructure,carriers.
Transport and Tourism
After receiving this warning, local(MLIT)
government deliver alarm throughWEB
their sirens or microphones.

CITIZ
EN

21

Early Warning to Mobile Phones
Detection ofearthquake
Japan MeteorologicalAgency

Earthquake Early Warning

Process messaged li
delivery

Mail Center

Disaster/ Evacuation information
F
Fromstate/t t / local
ll governmentst22

Early Warning through Broadcasting SystemBroadcastingJapanStation
Meteorological
Agency (JMA)

EEW

Alert information in Program
onlyEWBS
EEW: Earthquake Early Warning
EWBS: Emergency Warning
Broadcasting System

Automatic
activation !!

Alert information with
Switch-onon” signal of“Switchreceivers

Emergency system for high-speed train
Measuring equipment ofearthq ake on railroad
earthquake
Measuring equipment ofearthquake around coast

Main-wave
P-waveS-waveEARTHQUAKE
Measuring
Equipment

controlcenterofearthquakeq24

J-ALERT system
J-ALERT is a nationwide warningg systemyin Japan
p launched in Februaryy 2007. It is
designed to quickly inform the public of various threats. J-ALERT is the system to
immediately transmit emergency information such as Emergency Earthquake
information, tsunami warning, information of ballistic missiles, which people have noenoughh timetit deal
tod l with,
ith isi transmittedt
itt d tot theth municipalities
i i liti byb using
i satellite
t llit (via( i thethFire and Disaster Management Agency, the Cabinet Secretariat, and JMA)

2526

4. Disaster information and4communication in Japan,
Tohoku earthquake March
2011

27

Tohoku earthquake at 14:46:23 JST (Japan standard time) on March
11th, 2011, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake with a maximum seismic intensityof 7 occurred on the north eastern Pacific coast of Honshu, Japan.
pTheseismograph station at Ouri in Ishinomaki City was the first of over 380
seismic stations across Japan to record seismic movement at 14:46:40.2
JST. As shown in table, the first earthquake forecast was issued toadvanced users 5.4 seconds after the initial detection of p-waves.

28Earthquake early warning

29

Municipal disaster management radio communication network

30

Networks for information sharing

31

Emergency warning broadcasting system

32

Safety confirmation services

33

Safety confirmation services

34

Locations of Damage to Mobile Networks
Base stations
collapsed or backup
batteries ran out
NTT central office,NTT central office customer building, etc.
(relay building)(housing building)

Backup generators
ran out of fuelbecause of longpower outages

Transmission line
relayy station

Area ABasestation

Communication cable

RNC

Trunkexchange

Cables cut off orduct destroyed
35

Area B

Satellite-based Mobile Phones

36

Supplying temporary capacities

37

5. Planning of Disaster Early
Warning System38

Early warning (EW) is “the provision of timely and effective
information,, throughg identified institutions,, that allows individuals
exposed to hazard to take action to avoid or reduce their risk andprepare for effective response.”
1 Risk Knowledge: Risk assessment provides essential
1.
information to set priorities for mitigation and prevention strategies
and designing early warning systems.
2. Monitoring and Predicting: Systems with monitoring andpredicting capabilities provide timely estimates of the potential risk
faced byy communities, economies and the environment.
3. Disseminating Information: Communication systems areneeded for delivering warning messages to the potentially affected
locations to alert local and regional governmental agencies.
agencies The
messages need to be reliable, synthetic and simple to beunderstood by authorities and public.
4. Response: Coordination, good governance and appropriate
action plans are a key point in effective early warning. Likewise,
public awareness and education are critical aspects of disastermitigation.
39

Disaster early warning system

40Thank you for yourattention!!

Arigato gozaimasu!!!

Address:
NATIONAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENTAGENCY OF MONGOLIA
Patrizan street, Sukhbaatar district
Ulaanbaatar-210644, Mongolia
Tel: 976
976-11-262416
11 262416 ; 976
976-11-263567
11 263567
Fax: 976-11-322307
E-mail: nema_mongolia@yahoo.com
Web: www.nema.gov.mn

41