GMAP Internship Report / GMAP インターンシップ報告書
No. 2023-05
I. Basic information / 基本情報
1) Name / 名前：Battsetseg Tumur
2) Enrolled year / 入学年：2022
3) Period of internship / インターン期間：17th– 25th October 2023, 5th-7th March 2024
4) Place of internship / インターン場所：JICA, OECD
5) Person who accepted your internship / インターン受入担当者：Sawako Ogawa, Hanyaku
Sumiko6) Content of work in your internship / インターン中の作業内容• Lecture• Case study• Workshop
II. Details and impressions / 詳細と感想
1. Preface
My short-term internship consisted of two parts: attending special training on Japanese competition
law and policy for international practitioners and attending two workshops and a conference oncompetition law at OECD in Paris.
During my internship, I gained valuable experience not only in the case-handling practice of JFTC andthe EU countries but also in the academic knowledge of professors teaching competition law at Kobe
University, Kyoto University, Okayama University, and Konan University.
I am grateful to my academic supervisor, Prof. Kawashima, for his support and for arranging myinternship.
2. Details of my internshipa. JICA training
I attended the “Competition Law and Policy – Creating a Foundation to Promote Competition”
subject-specific training on Japanese competition law and policy for international practitioners inTokyo and Kobe City. The “Competition Law and Policy – Creating a Foundation to PromoteCompetition” subject-specific training program was organized by the Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA) in cooperation with the Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC).
I had the opportunity to join JFTC’s seminar, where JFTC’s officers shared their experiences and casestudies with us during the first week of the training in Tokyo. During the seminar, I understood JFTC’s
experience of how they work on the investigation, methods of collecting evidence in the investigation,and market study in the digital sector. Market study and investigation in the digital sector have recently
1been challenging among competition agencies.
I engaged in hypothetical case handling in the digital market. The case study was crucial for me
because I learned how to define the digital market and how to identify competitors in the same market.
I also gained awareness of issues in the digital market in order to investigate cases. On the other hand,
I understood that practitioners who work in competition agencies have to know the operation of digitalplatforms and need policy planning for the digital market.

After a case study with JFTC’s officer and international participantsWorked on a case study with international participants at the JICA Center in TokyoMy second week was spent attending academic lectures and case study in Kobe City. Although I took2

the Competition Law course from the GMAP in Law program at Kobe University, I had anotheropportunity to attend lectures that focused on each competition law and regulations and included case
explanations from other professors.

The professor was explaining a hypothetical cartel case at the JICA Kansai Center.
I also visited with other international participants the JFTC branch office in Osaka. Sakamoto
Yoshihisa, Director of the Investigation Division III, and Okui Takashi, Economic Affairs Officer,
introduced how they work in the branch office, their responsibility, and how they cooperate with thehead office.
As well as, I learned about their case handling status of violation of the Anti-monopoly Act at theKinki-Chugoku-Shikoku office, a case that the local office investigated and enforcement of merger
regulation by the local office.
It was interesting because I visited the JFTC headquarters (HQ) a few times but I didn’t know how theJFTC branch office in a rural area works. I could get investigation process of the local office,cooperation with JFTC HQ, and how many people work in the branch office.

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Visiting the branch office of the JFTC in Osakab. OECD workshops and Competition Open Day conference
The second part of my short-internship was three days of attending two workshops and a conferenceat the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) headquarter in Paris.
I have attended two workshops and one conference: Recent Developments in Fighting Bid Rigging in
Public Procurement, Enforcement Challenges in Digital Markets, and the OECD Competition OpenDay conference.
I joined those workshops and a conference that were closed to the public, with delegates frominternational competition agencies.
Spain, Norway, the European Commission, the USA, and the UK delegates shared with us theirexperience of fighting cartel and bid-rigging cases in a workshop on recent developments in fighting
bid rigging in public procurement. As for me, it was a fascinating topic that is related to my thesis topic.
From this workshop, I learned that competition agencies now focus on developing algorithms for bid
rigging investigation and raising awareness for human resources who works in procurement agencies,
and that they have a lot of challenges to tackle.
I mentioned earlier that digital market study and investigation have been a challenge and trend
worldwide. I learned about the EU Member states’ case handling during the workshop on enforcement
challenges in the digital market. All cases involved the biggest tech companies in the world. For
example, the European Commission shared with us how to define the digital market using the SSNIP
test, and the Korean Fair Trade Commission introduced the Google app market case, and so on.
Finally, I attended the OECD Competition Open Day conference, which is held every year in Paris.
Expert
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At the headquarter of OECD in Paris
3. Conclusion
My short-term internship at JICA and OECD has enriched me with valuable information and cuttingedge insights into the digital field. It has also provided me with awareness of the challenges ofcompetition law enforcement.
This experience is a precious treasure for me, contributing to my deepening and broadening knowledgeof competition law enforcement.
Once again, I am grateful to Prof. Kawashima, the Academic Office of GMAP in Law program, andthe Legal and Justice Team at JICA for their support and this opportunity.

(Date: 2024.3.18）

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