Disclaimer

This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.

The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views of theADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on themaps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the
ADRC.

2

C O N T E N T S

CHAPTER I

4The Philippines

page
CHAPTER II

5

The Philippines Disaster Risk Profile

page
CHAPTER III

9

The Philippines DRRM System

page
CHAPTER IV

14

Implementation of Hyogo Framework for Action

page
CHAPTER V

16

Recent Major Projects on DRR

page
CHAPTER VI

20

The ADRC Counterpart

page

3

I. The PhilippinesThe
he Republic of the Philippines is located in Southeast Asia
situated in the Western Pacific Ocean. Bordered by the Pacific
Ocean to the east, the West Philippine Sea to the west, and the
Celebes Sea to the south. The Philippines constitutes anarchipelago of 7,109 islands with a total land area ofapproximately 299,764 square kilometers. Its 36,289 kilometersof coastline makes it the 5th longest coastline in the world.
There are three
hree (3) major island groups namely Luzon, Visayas
and Mindanao. Luzon is thehe largest island group with 141,000
sq. while Visayas is the smallest isisland group with 57,000 sq.
kms., and lastly, Mindanao is second to Luzon with 102,000 sq.
kms. The population is 100,096,496 as of July 1, 2014.
Manila is the capital city of the Philippines. The city of Manila islocated on the eastern shore of Manila Bay and it has a total
population of 1,652,171 (as of May 2010) making it the second
most populous city in the Philippines. The populace inhabit aland area of only 2,498 hectares,
ares, making Manila arguably themost densely populated city in the world. Manila (and more
broadly, Metro Manila) is the economic and political capital of
the Philippines, home to extensive commerce and some of themost historically and culturally significant
signifilandmarks in the
country, as well as the seat of the executive and judicial
branches of the government.
The Philippines has a tropical maritime climate that is usually hot and humid. There are threeseasons: tag-init or tag-araw is the hot dry season or summer from March to May; tag-ulan or the
rainy season is from June to November; and tag-lamig or the cool dry season is from December to
February. The southwest monsoon (from May to October) is known as the Habagat, and the drywinds of the northeast
heast monsoon (from November to April), the Amihan. Temperatures usually range
from 21 °C (70 °F) to 32 °C (90 °F) although it can get cooler or hotter depending on the season.
The coolest month is January and the warmest is May.
Filipino and English are the official languages. Filipino is a standardized version of Tagalog, spoken
mainly in Metro Manila and other urban regions. Both Filipino and English are used in government,
education, print, broadcast media, and business. The constitution mandates that Spanish and Arabicshall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.
The Philippines is a secular state with a constitutional separation of church and state. As a result of
Spanish cultural influence, the Philippines is one of two predominantly Roman CatholicCcountries in
Asia. More than 90% of the population is Christian: about 81% belongs to the Roman
Catholic Church while 9.5% belongs to other Christian denominations.
According to National Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF), as of 2012 Muslims comprised 11%of the population, most of them live in parts of Mindanao, Palawan, and the Sulu Archipelago – anarea known as Bangsamoro or the Moro region. Some have migrated into urban and rural areas indifferent parts of the country. Most Muslim Filipinos
Filipipractice Sunni Islam according to
the Shafi'i school.

4II. The Philippines Disaster Risk Profile
According to the World Risk Index Report 2014, the Philippines places SECOND out of 171
countries ranked according to their “risk score” or their exposure to hazards such as earthquakes,
floods and storms, drought and sea level rise.
Rank

Country

World Risk Index

Exposition

Vulnerability

Susceptibility

1.

Vanuatu36.50 %

63.66 %

57.34 %

36.40 %

2.

PHILIPPINES

28.25 %

52.46 %

53.85 %

33.35 %

3.
4.
5.

Tonga
GuatemalaBangladesh

28.23 %
20.68 %
19.37 %

55.27 %
36.30 %
31.70 %

51.08 %
56.98 %
61.10 %

29.15 %
37.92 %
40.28 %The World Risk Index is a tool used to assess and estimate the disaster risk of a country. The aim of theIndex is to demonstrate that not only the magnitude or intensity of a natural event influences disaster risk,
but a multitude of different factors sucsuchh as the political and institutional structures, the state ofinfrastructure or the nutrition situation, economic and environmental conditions of a country determine
whether a natural hazard will turn into a disaster.

Furthermore, the Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2013 reveals that the Philippines Rank No. 4 innumber of reported events in 2013 (left) and Rank No. 1 in terms of disaster mortality in 2013 (right).

Country

Disaster distribution

No. of deaths

Philippines

7,750

India

7,119

China

1,395

The Annual Disaster Statistical Review is published by Centre for Research on the Epidemiology ofDisasters (CRED). CRED has been active for more than 40 years in the fields of: international disasterand conflict health studies, research and training activities linking relief, rehabilitation, and development.
CRED has maintained EM--DAT,
DAT, a worldwide database on disasters. It contains essential core data on
the occurrence and impacts of more than 13,000 natural and 7000 technological
technological disasters in the world
dating from 1900 to the present. The data are compiled from various sources, including UN agencies,
non-governmental
governmental organizations, insurance companies, research institutes and press agencies. Priority isgiven to data from UN.

The international studies and researches proved
d the vulnerability of the county to almost all types ofnatural hazards. The
he Philippines have been leveled as one of the most disaster-prone
disastercountries in
the world and it’s mainly because of its geographical and geophysical location
locatio and physicalcharacteristics. The country lies within the Western Pacific Basin, a generator of climatic conditions.

5Tropical storms or typhoons accompanied by heavy rain and/or strong
winds that may result in floods, landslides and storm surge are themost prevalent types of hydro-meteorologicalhydro meteorological hazards in the country.
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA) reports that every year, an average oftwenty (20) tropical cy
cyclones
clones enter the Philippine Area of
Responsibility (PAR), nine (9) of which makes a landfall and five (5) of
which shall be most destructive.
And in the past, it has been noticeable the number of cyclones beingA
formed in the West Philippine Sea and damaging effects of Southwest
Monsoon, commonly known as Hagabat, in the Luzon Regions.
The Philippines is situated along a highly seismic area lying along the
Pacific Ring of Fire where two major tectonic plates (Philippine Sea
and Eurasian) meet and is highly
highly-prone
prone to earthquakes and volcanic
Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan)
eruptions. According to the Philippine Institute on Volcanology andSeismology (PHIVLOCS), the country experiences an average of 20 earthquakes perpe day andaround 100-150
150 earthquakes felt per year and 90 destructive earthquakes have been recorded forthe past 400 years, one (1) in every five (5) years. The 1990 Luzon Earthquake is the most notably
devastating earthquake disasters in the Philippines but recently Negros Oriental was hit byearthquake on February 2012 with 6.9 Magnitude and Bohol Earthquake on 2013 with 7.2
Magnitude.
There are around 300 volcanoes in the Philippines, of which 23 are active, 26 are potentially active
and have recorded 170 eruptions for past 400 years.
years Volcanic eruptions causes lava flows,
pyroclastic flows, ashfall and volcanic gasses while lahar flows, secondary explosions, debri
debrisavalanche or volcanic landslides, fissuring and tsunami are hazards indirectly related to volcanic
eruption. Volcanic eruption of the Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 was the largest volcanic explosion in
the 20th century. It killed 640, affected 1,036,065. About
About 40,000 houses were destroyed, and morethan 70,000 houses were damaged.
In
September
2014,
PHIVOLCS
upgraded the alert level of Mayon
Volcano to Level 3 which means that
potentially eruptible magma has been
intruded and continues to be intruded to
be in the edifice. At any given time in thefollowing weeks to months, this magma
can eventually be erupted quietly aslava flows or explosively as vertical
eruption
uption columns and pryroclastic flows
or both. A total of 14,400 families or
60,545 persons were affected in themunicipalities of Albay Province.

Photo credit: www.rappler.com

Though it is seldom experience but the Philippines is also prone to tsunami. 41 tsunamis have beenrecorded for the past 400 years and the arrival time is typically around 2 to 30 minutes only. The
1994 Mindoro Tsunami
ami is the recent record of arrival of tsunami in the Philippines.
Aside from the natural hazards, the country also experiences human induced
induced-disasters brought
about or influenced by political and socio-economic
socio economic factors, among others. Violence continues toplague the country, with most fighting occurring in the South. Many
any are forced to evacuate during

6times of conflict. Intense
ntense fighting between government forces and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front(MILF) during the first half of the year 2009 resulted in the displacement of hundreds of thousands ofcivilians. Recently,
ecently, September of 2013, another attacked was launched by the MILF resulting tohundreds of deaths and wounded and thousands lost their homes. Armedrmed fighting in the South
continues to threaten the security of civilian communities. Thousands of Internally Displaced
Persons (IDPs) remain in the custody of their relatives
atives or temporarily harbored in safe places. The
state of Mindanao hinges upon a lasting peace settlement mechanism, so that IDPs are protectedfrom collateral damage of every armed conflict. Such disasters consequently cause public anxiety,lost of lives,s, destructions of properties and sometimes socio-politicalsocio political stability.
Recent Major Disasters
 Typhoon Hagupit (December
December 2014)
Typhoon Hagupit, locally known as Typhoon “Ruby” entered the Philippines on 4 DecemberDec2014
at 4:00AM with maximum winds of 175kph and gustiness of 210kph and is moving West
Northwest at 25kph. Typhoon Hagupit is being compared to last year’s Super Typhoon Yolandathat also enters PAR on the last quarter of the year.
A total of 944,249 families
milies or 4,149,484 persons were affected in Regions III, IV-A,
IV
IV-B, V, VI, VII,
VIII, CARAGA and NCR. There were 18 fatalities and 916 injured persons and damaged 290,670
houses. Furthermore, it damaged infrastructure and agriculture amounting toPhp5,090,265,462.00.
 Volcanic Activity (September 2014)
Mayon Volcano (Bulkang
Bulkang Mayon
Mayon), also known as Mount Mayon,, is an active volcano in
the Province of Albay.. Mayon is the most active volcano in the Philippines having erupted over 49
times in the past 400 years.
On 12 August 2014 a new 30m-50m
30mhigh lava dome appeared in the summit crater. This event
was preceded by inflations of the volcano (measured by precise leveling, tilt data, and GPS), andincreases in sulphur dioxide gas emissions. On 14 September,, rockfall events at the southeastern
rim of the crater and heightened seismic activity caused PHIVOLCS to increase the alert level for
Mayon from 2 to 3, which indicates relatively high unrest and that magma is
i at the crater and thathazardous eruption is possible within weeks.
weeks The rock falls, and visible incandescence of thecrater from molten lava and hot volcanic gas
indicated a possible incipient breaching of thegrowing summit lava dome. On 15 September,NASA's Moderate-Resolution
Resolution Imaging SpectroraSpectrora
diometer (MODIS) detected thermal anomalies
near Mayon's summit, consistent with magma at
the surface.
On 16 September 2014, Provincial
rovincial Governor Joey
Salceda said that the government would begin to"fast-track
track the preparation to evacuate 12,000
Photo credit: .wikipedia.org
families in the 6-8
8 km extended danger zone", and soldiers would enforce the no-go
noareas. On 18
September 2014, PHIVOLCS reported 142 Volcanic Tectonic Earthquake events and 251 rockfall
events during the past day. White steam plumes drifted to the south-southwest
south southwest and rain clouds
covered the summit. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission was measured at 757 tonnes/day on 17
September 2014, after it had peaked at 2,360 tonnes/day on 6 September
Septe
2014. Grounddeformation (precise leveling and tilt meters) during the 3rd week of August 2014 recorded edifice
inflation.

7

On 19 December 2014, the Alert Level Status of Mayon Volcano has been lowered from Alert
Level 3 to Alert Level 2. Since the last recorded seismic swarm on 29 November, a generaldecline in the overall activity of Mayon Volcano has been observed as indicated in the monitored
parameters: Volcanic Earthquake Activity, Ground Deformation, Gas Emission, and Visual
Observation of the Summit.
A total of 14,400 families / 60,545 persons were affected in 39 barangays in two (2) cities and five(5) municipalities of Albay Province.
 Super Typhoon Haiyan (November 2013)
Super Typhoon Haiyan, locally known as Typhoon Yolanda entered the Philippine Area of
Responsibility PAR on 6 November 2013 and made landfall on (1) Guiuan, Eastern Samar; (2)Tolosa, Leyte; (3) Daanbantayan, Cebu; (4) Bantayan Island, Cebu; (5) Conception, Iloilo; andfinally (6) Busuanga, Palawan and left the Philippines on 9 Nov 2013. The wrath of “Yolanda”
affected a total of 3,424,593 Families or 16,078,181 Persons in 12,139 Brgys in 44 Prov, 591
Mun, 57 Cities in the Regions of IV-A, IV-B, 5,6,7,8,10,11 & Caraga. A total of 1,140,332 houses
were damaged and killed 6,318 individuals, 28,689 were injured and 1,061 went missing during
the onslaught. The dreadful event left a total of PhP89,598,068,634.88 worth of damages toinfrastructure, productive, social and cross-sectoral sectors.
Due to the massive destruction and immense effects of TY Yolanda, the President issued
Presidential Proclamation No 682 declaring a state of national calamity on 11 Nov 2013 andPresidential Assistant for Recovery and Rehabilitation (PARR) was designated to oversee the TY
Yolanda Reconstruction and Rehabilitation.
 Earthquake in Central Visayas (October 2013)
An earthquake of tectonic origin with 7.2 magnitude occurred in Region VII on 15 Oct 2013 atabout 8:12AM with an epicenter at Sagbayan, Bohol and recorde 3,198 aftershocks and 94 ofwhich were felt. It causes 222 fatalities, 976 were injured, and 8 were missing.
Secondary to the quake, landslide incidents occurred in different
municipalities in Bohol. Stampede occurred at Barba Sports Complex in
Toledo City and Pinamungahan Auditorium both in Cebu. A groundsubsidence was also reported by Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) at
Purok 7 and 8 Barangay Poblacion I, Tagbilaran City, Bohol and residents
nearby were advised to preemptively evacuate.
A total of 671,103 families / 3,221,248 persons were affected in 1,527
barangays in 60 municipalities and 6 cities in 6 provinces of Regions VI andVII. A total of 73,002 houses, 41 bridges and 18 roads were damaged. A
total of PhP2,257,182.90 worth of damaged roads, bridges, flood control,school buildings, hospitals and other public buildings.
 Armed Conflict in Zamboanga (September 2013)
23,794 families or 118,819 persons were displaced from their homes when armed rebels took 4
Brgy in the City of Zamboanga on 9 Sept 2013. 140 were killed in the battle and wounded 268
individuals and 10,160 houses were damaged and a total of 200M pesos worth of facilities andhouses were damaged.
Series of meetings was conducted: On 14 Sept, for the conduct of Rapid Needs Assessment to
the 1o evacuation areas; on 23 Sept, for the organization of cluster approach and early recovery
and rehabilitation; and on 26 Sept, in coordination with the Regional Development Council IX, aplanning meeting was convened for the rehabilitation of Zamboang City.

8

III. Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System (PDRRMS)
On 27 May 2010, the Republic Act 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management (PDRRM) Act was passed into law and paved
the way for the need to “ adopt a disaster risk reduction and management
approach that is holistic, comprehensive, integrated, andaproactive inlessening the socio-economic
economic and environmental impacts of disasters
including climate change, and promote the involvement and participation of
all sectors and all stakeholders concerned, at all levels, especially the local
community.” The Act
ct provides for the development of policies and plans andimplementation of actions and measures pertaining to all aspects of disasterrisk reduction and management, including good governance, risk
assessment and early warning, knowledge building and aware
awareness raising,
reducing underlying risk factors, and preparedness for effective response
and early recovery.
The former National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) is now known
as the National Disastersaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) or ssometimes called
as that National Council. The NDRRMC is empowered with policy-making,making, coordination, integration,
supervision, monitoring and evaluation functions shall carry out 17 responsibilities as stipulated in
the law. The NDRRMC Chairperson may call upon other instrumentalities or entities of thegovernment and nongovernment and civic organizations for assistance in terms of the use of theirfacilities and resources for the protection and preservation of life and properties in the whole rangeof disaster risk reduction and management. This authority includes the power to call on the reserve
force as defined in Republic Act No. 7077 to assist
sist in relief and rescue during disasters or calamities.
The National Council is headed by the Secretary of National Defense (DND) as Chairperson with
Secretary of Science and Technology (DOST) as Vice Chairperson for Prevention and Mitigation,
the Secretary of Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) as Vice Chairperson for
Preparedness, the Secretaryy of Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) as Vice
Chairperson for Disaster Response, and Director
Director-General
General of National Economic and Development
Authority (NEDA) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation.
The National Council is composed of 43
43 members coming from various sectors in the country.

9

The Office of Civil Defense
The Office of Civil Defense (OCD), as stipulated in Section 8 of RA 10121, shall have the primary
mission of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk reduction andmanagement program by providing leadership in the continuous development of strategic andsystematic approaches as well as measures to reduce the vulnerabilities and risks to hazards andmanage the consequences of disasters.
The Administrator of the OCD serves as the Executive Director of the National Council and, as such,shall have the same duties and privileges of a department undersecretary. All appointees shall beuniversally acknowledged experts in the field of disaster preparedness and management and of
proven honesty and integrity. The National Council shall utilize the services and facilities of the OCD
as the Secretariat of the National Council.

At the regional
onal level, Section 10 of RA 10121 provides of the creation of the Regional Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC). RDRRMC coordinates, integrates, supervises, andevaluates the activities of the local Disaster Risk Reduction and Managemen
Management Councils (LDRRMCs).
The RDRRMC is responsible in ensuring disaster sensitive regional development plans, in case of
emergencies, and shall convene the different regional line agencies and concerned institutions andauthorities.
The Regional Directors of OCD serves as chairpersons of the RDRRMCs. Its Vice Chairpersons
shall be the Regional Directors of DOST, DILD, DSWD, and NEDA. The existing regional offices of
the OCD shall serve as secretariat of the RDRRMCs. The RDRRMCs are composed of theexecutives of regional offices and field stations at the regional level of the government agencies.
The Local DRRMCs
There are Provincial, City, Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils that aremandated to be organized at the local levels. In the case of the Barangays, a Barangay DRRM
Committee shall operate under the Barangay
Bara
Development Council (BDC).
The Local DRRMCs shall be chaired by the local chief executives, the Governor for the provincial
provinclevel, the mayor for the city and municipal levels and the barangay captain for the barangay level.
The members are the heads of various offices assigned at the local levels together with the four (4)members from the CSOs and one (1) private sector representative.
representative. Section 12 of the states that“there shall be established a Local DRRM Office in every province, city, and municipality, and a
Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee in the case of the barangay which

10shall be responsible forr setting the direction, development, implementation and coordination ofdisaster risk management programs within their territorial jurisdiction.

Provincial DRRMCPDRRMC

City / Municipal
DRRMCsBDCs

CDRRMCs

MDRRMCs

BDC

BDC

BDC

The National DRRM Framework (NDRRMF)
On June 16, 2011, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework (NDRRMF)
was approved by the executive committee of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Council (NDRRMC). The framework is in conformity with and captures the essence and priorities ofRepublic Act 10121.

The Framework envisions a country which have “safer, adaptive and disaster-resilient
disaster
Filipino
communities toward sustainable development.” The goal is to have a paradigm shift fromreactive to proactive DRRM wherein men and women have increased their awareness,11

understanding on DRRM with the end in view of increasing people’s resilience and decreasing theirvulnerabilities. Our aim is to empower leaders and communities and to develop the “right” mindset
and positive behavioral changes towards reducing and managing risks and lessening the effects ofdisasters. This term is about building back better or building on from our learning’s, good practices,
research and experiences, helping us address the underlying causes of our vulnerability andincreasing our ability to adjust to the situation before us. By being adaptive, we learn to innovate andgo to the next level. Disaster-resilient communities are achieved when the risk reduction efforts havebeen successful and have made the people stronger (in a positive way and not just in terms of theircoping mechanism), increasing their ability to bounce back after a disaster. It is important to instill
the culture of safety by increasing people’s capacity to bounce back and decrease disaster losses
and impact. In the end, DRRM is all about addressing the underlying causes of people’svulnerability; building their individual, collective and institutional capacities and building back better
wherein people’s lives become sustainably better.
The country is challenged by increasing disaster and climate risks caused by dynamic combinationsof natural and human-induced hazards, exposure, and people’s vulnerabilities and capacities. Thereis an urgent need for the country to work together through multi stakeholder partnerships and robust
institutional mechanisms and processes so that Filipinos will be able to live in safer, adaptive anddisaster resilient communities on the path to developing sustainably.
This DRRM framework emphasizes that through time, resources invested in disaster prevention,
mitigation, preparedness and climate change adaptation will be more effective towards attaining thegoal of adaptive, disaster resilient communities and sustainable development. The Frameworkshows that mitigating the potential impacts of existing disaster and climate risks, preventing hazards
and small emergencies from becoming disasters, and being prepared for disasters, will substantiallyreduce loss of life and damage to social, economic and environmental assets. It also highlights theneed for effective and coordinated humanitarian assistance and disaster response to save lives andprotect the more vulnerable groups during and immediately after a disaster. Further, building backbetter and building better lives after a disaster will lead to sustainable development after therecovery and reconstruction process.
The National DRRM Plan
The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) fulfill the requirement of
RA No. 10121 of 2010, which provides the legal basis for policies, plans and programs to deal withdisasters. The NDRRMP covers four thematic areas, namely, (1) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation;(2) Disaster Preparedness; (3) Disaster Response; and (4) Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery,
which correspond to the structure of the NDRRMC. By law, the OCD formulates and implements the
NDRRMP and ensures that the physical framework, social, economic and environmental plans ofcommunities, cities, municipalities and provinces are consistent with such plan.
The NDRRMP is consistent with the NDRRM Framework, which serves as “the principal guide todisaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) efforts to the country….” The Framework envisions
a country of “safer, adaptive and disaster resilient Filipino communities toward sustainable
development.” It conveys a paradigm shift from reactive to proactive DRRM wherein men andwomen have increased their awareness and understanding of DRRM, with the end in view ofincreasing people’s resilience and decreasing their vulnerabilities.
The NDRRMP is guided by good governance principles within the context of poverty alleviation andenvironmental protection. It is about partnerships towards effective delivery of services to thecitizenry, i.e. working together through complementation of resources. Thus, harnessing andmobilizing the participation of civil society organizations (CSOs), the private sector and volunteers in12the government’s DRRM programs and projects is part and parcel of the plan. Efforts were made toalign the NDRRMP with national plans such as the Philippine Development Plan, National Climate
Change Action Plan, and National Security Policy such that DRRM activities are integrated withbudget allocation by relevant government line agencies. Specific DRRM-related activities areundertaken using timelines that will help national leaders and local chief executives to ensurecompletion within their terms.
The NDRRM Plan 2011-2028 sets down the expected outcomes, outputs, key activities, indicators,
lead agencies, implementing partners and timelines under each of the four distinct yet mutually
reinforcing thematic areas. The goals of each thematic area lead to the attainment of the country’s
overall DRRM vision, as graphically shown below.

The National DRRM Fund
Section 22 of RA 10121 states that the present Calamity Fund appropriated under the annual
General Appropriations Act shall henceforth be known as the National Disaster Risk Reduction andManagement Fund (NDRRM Fund) and it shall be used for disaster risk reduction or mitigation,
prevention and preparedness activities such as, but not limited to, training of personnel, procurementof equipment, and capital expenditures. It can also be utilized for relief, recovery, reconstruction andother work or services in connection with natural or human-induced calamities which may occur
during the budget year or those that occurred in the past two (2) years from the budget year. The
specific amount of the NDRRM Fund and the appropriate recipient agencies and/or LGUs shall be
determined upon approval of the President of the Philippines in accordance with the favorable
recommendation of the NDRRMC. (c) Of the amount appropriated for the NDRRM Fund, thirty
percent (30%) shall be allocated as Quick Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund for relief andrecovery programs in order that situation and living conditions of peo.ple in communities or areas13

stricken by disasters, calamities, epidemics, or complex emergencies, may be normalized as quickly
as possible.
Section 23 specifies funding of the OCD as lead agency to carry out the provisions the PDRRMC Act
of 2010. The OCD shall be allocated a budget of one billion pesos (PhP 1,000,000,000.00) revolving
fund starting from the effectivity of this Act. The National Council, through the OCD, shall submit to
the Office of the President, the Senate and the House of Representatives, within the first quarter ofthe succeeding year, an annual report relating to the progress of the implementation of the
NDRRMP.
The Local DRRM Fund
Section 21 stipulates that the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF)
which is not less than five percent (5%) of the estimated revenue from regular sources shall be set
aside as the LDRRMF to support disaster risk management activities such as, but not limited to, predisaster preparedness programs including training, purchasing life-saving rescue equipment,
supplies and medicines, for post-disaster activities, and for the payment of premiums on calamity
insurance. The LDRRMC shall monitor and evaluate the use and disbursement of the LDRRMF
based on the. LDRRMP was incorporated in the local development plans and annual work andfinancial plan. Upon the recommendation of the LDRRMO and approval of the sanggunian or council
concerned, the LDRRMC may transfer the said fund to support disaster risk reduction work of other
LDRRMCs which are declared under state of calamity.
Of the amount appropriated for LDRRMF, thirty percent (30%) shall be allocated as Quick Response
Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund for relief and recovery programs in order that situation and living
conditions of people in communities or areas stricken by disasters, calamities, epidemics, orcomplex emergencies, may be normalized as quickly as possible. Unexpended LDRRMF shallaccrue to a special trust fund solely for the purpose of supporting disaster risk reduction andmanagement activities of the LDRRMCs within the next five (5) years. Any such amount still not fully
utilized after five (5) years shall revert back to the general fund and will be available for other social
services to be identified by the local sanggunian.
IV. Implementation of Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)On June 21, 2010, through Executive Order Number 888, the Strategic National Action Plan (SNAP)on DRR 2009-2019 was adopted by then President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. The SNAP is a road
map indicating the vision and strategic objectives on disaster risk reduction of the country for the
next 10 years and was based on (a) an assessment of the disaster risks, vulnerability, and capacity;(b) gap analysis that identifies and maps out significant ongoing initiatives; and (c) DRR activities
based on the HFA that are considered by stakeholders as achievable priorities for country, withadequate relevant resources and capacity for implementation over the next three to ten years.
However, due to lack of resources, most of the priority projects have not yet fully realized. Also,
since there was no institutionalized mechanism to monitor the progress of SNAP’s implementation, aformal review after its adaptation could not be done. Thus, as part of the development of the
NDRRM Plan, a general review of the SNAP’s implementation was conducted in order to see whichamong the 18 projects have been implemented, at what stage, and when. The review confirms thatthe five (5) strategic objectives, eighteen (18) projects, twenty two (22) outputs, three (3) sets oftimelines, and one hundred six (106) activities are consistently aligned with the paradigm shift called
for by RA 10121 and the new NDRRM Framework.

14

Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
Priority Areas

Indicators
1.1

1

Ensure that DRR is anational and local
priority with a strong
institutional basis for
implementation

1.2

1.3
1.4

2.1

2

Identify, assess andmonitor disaster risks
and enhance early
warning

2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1

3

Use knowledge,
innovation andeducation to build aculture of safety andresilience at all levels

3.2

3.3

3.4

4.1

4.2
4

Reduce the underlying
risk factors

4.3

4.4
4.5

Alignment with the
4 Priority Areas

National policy and legal framework for DRR exists
with decentralized responsibilities and capacities at
all levels
Dedicate and adequate resources are available toimplement DRR plans and activities at alladministrative levels
Community participation and decentralization isassured through the delegation of authority andresources to local levels
A national and multi-sectoral platform for DRR isfunctioning
National and local risk assessments bases on
hazard data and vulnerability information areavailable and include risk assessment for key
sectors
Systems are in place to monitor, archive anddisseminate data on key hazards and vulnerabilities
Early warning systems are in place for all major
hazards with outreach to communities
National and local risk assessments take account ofregional/trans boundary risks, with a view to regional
cooperation and risk reduction

Prevention & Mitigation
Preparedness

Relevant information on disasters is available andaccessible at all levels, to all stakeholders

Prevention & Mitigation
Preparedness

School curricula, education material and relevant
trainings include DRR and recovery concept andpractices
Research methods and tools for multi-risk
assessment and cost benefit analysis are developedand strengthened
Countrywide public awareness strategy exists tostimulate a culture of disaster resilience, with a viewto regional cooperation and risk reduction
DRR is an integral objective of environment relate
policies and plans, including for land use, natural
resource management and adaptation to climatechangeSocial development policies and plans are being
implemented to reduce the vulnerability of people atrisk
Economic and productive sectoral policies and plans
have been implemented to reduce the vulnerabilityof economic activities
Planning and management of human settlements
incorporate DRR elements, including enforcement ofbuilding codes
DRR measure are incorporated into post disasterrecovery and rehabilitation process

Prevention & Mitigation
Preparedness
Rehab & Recovery
Prevention & Mitigation

Prevention & Mitigation
Preparedness
In all 4 priority areas

Prevention & Mitigation
Prevention & Mitigation

Prevention & Mitigation
Preparedness
Prevention & Mitigation
Preparedness
Prevention & Mitigation

Prevention & Mitigation
Preparedness
Prevention & Mitigation

Prevention & Mitigation
Rehab & Recovery
Prevention & Mitigation
Rehab & Recovery
Prevention & Mitigation
Rehab & Recovery
Prevention & Mitigation
Rehab & Recovery

15

4.6
5.1

5

Strengthen disaster
preparedness for
effective response at
all levels

5.2

5.3

5.4

Procedures are in place to assess disaster risks ofmajor development projects, especially infrastructure
Strong policy, technical and institutional capacities
and mechanisms for disaster risk management, witha disaster risk reduction perspective are in place
Disaster preparedness plans and contingency plans
are in place at all administrative levels and regulartraining drill and rehearsals are held to test anddevelop disaster response programs
Financial reserves and contingency mechanisms arein place to support effective response and recovery
when required
Procedures are in place to exchange relevant
information during hazard events and disasters andto undertake post event reviews

Prevention & Mitigation
Rehab & Recovery
Preparedness

Preparedness
Response

In all 4 priority areas

Prevention & Mitigation
Preparedness
Response

V.

Recent Major Projects on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

Sunset Review of the RA 10121
Section 27 of the law states that, five (5) years after the effectivity of the law, the Congressional
Oversight Committee shall conduct a sunset review. For purposes of the Act, the term "sunset
review" shall mean a systematic evaluation by the Congressional Oversight Committee of theaccomplishments and impact of the Act, as well as the performance and organizational structureof its implementing agencies, for purposes of determining remedial legislation.
The preparation of the review started as early as 2nd quarter of 2014. Flaws are being identified,clarifications and further detailing of information and guidance is being settled. Positions of thespecial economic zones are being clarified. Furthermore, the utilization of Fund is being criticallydissected for a more effective usage.



JICA – OCD DRRM Capacity Enhancement Project
In order to expedite DRRM activities in the Philippines under the new framework, it is necessary
to strengthen the capacity of the Office of Civil Defense (OCD). Under this circumstance, theGovernment of the Philippines (GOP) requested the Government of Japan (GOJ) for a technicalassistance. In response, the GOJ, through JICA, is supporting OCD to implement the Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Capacity Enhancement Project or DRRM-CEP from March2012 to March 2015 under JICA’s Technical Cooperation Program (TCP).
The Project started with the dispatch of Japanese experts in March 2012. Since then until
October 2014, 15 experts were dispatched on short-term basis, totaling 2,605 days, in the fields
of disaster management planning, CBDRRM, DRRM operation, human resource development,
local DRRM planning, DRRM technology, and information management system. The Japaneseexperts come from the Japanese consulting companies and organization of Oriental
Consultants Co. Ltd., CTI Engineering International Co.Ltd., Pacific Consultants Co.Ltd., andAsian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC).
The Project will strengthen the DRRM capability of the OCD and is expected to deliver four (4)outputs (also referred to as “component”): (1) Planning and implementing capacity of OCD on
DRRM is strengthened; (2) DRRM activities including information management are
standardized; (3) DRRM education and training system and capacity is strengthened; and (4)Support system to CBDRRM is strengthened. The following major outputs were achieved
throughout the implementation of the project:

16Planning Component
1) Formulation of the Cagayan Valley RDRRMP
To promote the formulation of DRRM Plans at the regional level, the planning Component
considered a Regional DRRM Plan template during the first year of the project
implementation period and selected one (1) region to support the RDRRMP formulationand to check the validity of the draft template. Based on the analysis of data and reports on
the risk profile and the presence of structural and non-structural countermeasures in eachregion, Region 2 (Cagayan Valley Region) was selected.
2) Formulation of four (4) LDRRMPs for the Selected Areas
To enhance the formulation of “comprehensive” plans in which the mid- and long-term
vision and strategies on DRRM of the Local Government Units (LGU) are defined, astandard LDRRMP template was presented and adopted during the National DRRM
Summit held in March 2013 and the Provinces of Cagayan and Isabela, City of Ilagan andMunicipality of Alcala were selected as a result of consultation with OCD-R2.
3)

Development of monitoring system for Local DRRM Plans (LDRRMP) and Local DRRM
Offices (LDRRMO)
To achieve this goal, comprehensive LDRRMP formulation and a periodic review must be
institutionalized. During the KS seminar and Project Cycle Management Workshop, thedevelopment of a monitoring and evaluation system was strongly requested and was added
to the PDM.

4)

Suggestions for Sunset review of RA10121 and improvement of NDRRMP on LGUs’
DRRM activities
The Planning Component suggests the following: (a) adding one output or revising
NDRRMP Outcome 9 Output 2.1 in order to enhance the formulation of a comprehensive
LDRRMP; (b) Strengthen the coordination among related agencies to revise the LDRRMP
template/review checklist and formulation manual; (c) Promote the use of science-based
tools; and (d) Need to ensure the establishment of functional LDRRMOs.

Operations’ Component
1) NDRP (National Disaster Response Plan)
The formulation of the NDRP is one of prioritized activities
specified in the NDRRMP (National Disaster Risk Reduction andManagement Plan). In the Project, the NDRP for HydroMeteorological Disasters and Earthquakes and Tsunamis has
been developed.
2)

OCD Operation Manual for Response
The OCD Operation Manual for Response (hereinafter, “theManual”) has been prepared based on roles and responsibilities
of OCD-CO and OCD-RO designated according to the NDRP.
The Manual also includes Memorandum Circulars (MCs), SOPs
and Manual-related response operations as Annexes.

3)

IMS (Equipment and Manuals/Training Modules)
Procurement of Equipment for operating IMS introduced to OCD, including server computer,desk-top computer, A0 Plotter, GIS Software (Arch GIS). These are utilized for developing
databases and modules necessary for improving disaster response operations andcompiling disaster historical data as well as their knowledge. In addition, the manuals,
guidelines, and training modules for IMS and GIS to be sustainably utilized in OCD werealso prepared. These manuals are attached at the end of the OCD Operation Manual for
Response as one of Annexes.

17HR and Training Component1) National DRRM Education and Training Program (NDRRMETP)
The NDRRMETP shall be utilized
utilized to effectively deliver appropriate and quality training andeducation to all DRRM stakeholders, in a concerted and a well-coordinatedwellmanner.
Further the NDRRMETP shall serve one of the integral references for defining the National
DRRM Education and Training
Training System ensuring that all DRRM related education andtraining activities/ modules and courses are at par with standards. It shall prescribe
standard titles, programs of instruction, curricula, and instructor guides, and training
measures or regulati
regulations
ons as well as a recommended training budget programming to
optimize utilization of resources.
The
he NDRRMETP is designed to heighten
the disaster awareness and strengthen thecapacities of people involved in DRRM
efforts. Currently, the inter-agency
intertechnical
working group (TWG)) for the Establishmentof DRRM Training Institutes (DRRMTI) haveidentified
d four priority stakeholder groups
which shall be target beneficiaries of the
NDRRMETP.: (1) Local Government Units inparticular Local Chief Executives and Local
DRRM Councils; (2) Communities; (3)Public Sector Employees; and (4) the
The NDRRMETP Framework and Purpose
Private Sector.
2)

Priority
ority training modules for DRRM TIs
a. DRRM Government Executive Course (for Local Chief Executives) is designed toensure the familiarity and full understanding of newly elected Local Chief Executives ofthe basic concepts of DRRM. Further, this course shall facilitate in-depth
inappreciation of
LCEs vis a vis the significance of DRRM in such a way that they may mainstream
DRRM in their LGUs programs, projects, and activities
b. DRRM Government Orientation Course for Local DRRM Councils.
Councils Through this course,
the participants shall be familiar and able to fully understand the concepts of DRRM as
well as internalizee their roles and ffunctions as provided by law.
c. CBDRRM Training Course (BIG) is purposed to provide guidance to the pool of
CBDRRM Trainers in enabling community members to explain the importance and key
concepts of CBDRRM and the laws supporting it.
itd. DRRM
M Training Course for DRRM Public Sector Employees.
Employees The primary goal of thistraining course is to create a pool of trainers for all government agencies equipped withknowledge, skills and competencies for more effective and efficient cascading of DRRM
knowledge
wledge and awareness to all employees within their respective agencies throughthe delivery and implementation of DRRM initiatives and activities.
e. DRRM Is Everybody’s Business (DRRM Training Course for the Private Sector) will
provide middle to top level managers with knowledge, skills and competencies on
DRRM which will enable them to make their businesses more disaster resilient and will
enable them to forge and strengthen partnerships within and among other private andpublic entities for the effective collaborative activities towards a safer and moresustainable communities.

3)

Civil Defense Education and Training Program (CDETP) on DRRM
The Civil Defense Education and Training Program (CDETP) on DRRM serve as guideline
and roadmap for the human capital ddevelopment of OCD. This program aims to enhance
the capacities of OCD personnel, empowering them in the performance of their duties

18

thereby making them major players in the attainment of the NDRRMP’s goal and also
readying them in future career succession.

CBDRRM Component
1) CBDRRM Concept Paper and National Policy including Action Plan
CBDRRM activity should be conducted for all the communities in the Philippines. However,there is not an implementation policy of CBDRRM activity as a nation and many agencies
are conducting CBDRRM activity based on their own policies and rules. In order to utilize
the limited resources, the national policy to implement CBDRRM activity nationwide should
be prepared. Therefore, it was decided to prepare the Concept Paper which would be thebasis for the national policy to implement CBDRRM activity nationwide.

2)

CBDRRM Training Course and Basic Instructor’s Guide (BIG)The guidelines and the training course were finalized basedon the results of the pilot testing and the evaluation
workshop. The guideline for the 3-day
3community training
and the guideline for the 5-day
5
TOT were prepared

3)

Database to record, monitor and analyze CBDRRM activities
The national policy to implement CBDRRM activity
nationwide will be prepared based on the concept paper.
The methodology, the role allocations, the target of
nationwide implementation, action planning, etc., will bedefined in the national policy for the basis of nationwide
natio
implementation of the CBDRRM activity. The OCD will
monitor the implementation conditions of the CBDRRM
activities by utilizing the database and will take necessary
actions depending on the condition

CBDRRM Basic Instructor’s Guide(BIGBIG) in Filipino Version

Current Efforts of the 4 Thematic Areas
Based on the NDRRM Framework and Plan the Council undertakes various efforts to reduce the risks of
disasters.
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
The National Council
uncil prioritizes the installation ofearly warnings based on knowledge, monitoring,
communication and local capabilities to respond.
Itt also conduct national flood forecasting,monitoring and geo-hazard
hazard mapping and provides
input to comprehensive land use planning, while
also enforcing building and safety standards.
Furthermore,urthermore, engineering interventions are being
done to mitigate impacts of hazards toinfrastructure. A concrete intervention to apply
knowledge is highlighted by the Nationwide
Operational Assessment
ssessment of Hazards, better known
as, Project NOAH, implemented by DOST.
Rainfall Return Flood Simulation by PAGASAIn terms of geo-hazard
hazard mapping and assessment,
the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) has
already covered all the municipalities and cities in the country. This
his is in the scale of 1:50,000 which are
only indicative of highly susceptible areas which actually need further validation through the production19

of 1:10,000 maps. Detailed
etailed mapping with the use of 1:10,000 scale focuses on the identified highly
susceptiblele barangays to include assessment of possible relocation / evacuation sites in each locality.
Flood
lood prone areas are already identified based on the Lidar project of PAGASA. Moreover, active fault
lines and trenches have been long identified and disseminateddisseminby PHIVOLCS.
Disaster Preparedness
Efforts
fforts in Contingency Planning and review have been continuing since the issuance of a Contingency
Planning Manual in 2007. Agencies concerned are also prepositioning equipment and supplies in
preparation for anticipatedcipated events. NDRRMC continuously implementing necessary measure to upgrade
the capability of the operation and coordination centers as it expands its capability for organization,
training and equipping of responders. At the community level, we have been organizing volunteers on topof disaster trainings and drills.
Disaster Response
Inn response to actual calamities and disasters, we
immediately mobilize search, rescue and health services
and establish Incident Command
Comm
Post (ICP) and
implement Incident Command System (ICS).
For affected citizens, we provide temporary shelters,
water, sanitation and hygiene. Financial assistance isalso given to calamity victims while efficientmanagement of evacuation centers is always aspired inorder to minimize disruption to the way of life ofaffected communities.
Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation
As much as possible, early recovery and rehabilitation
efforts are undertaken to restore normalcy in affected areas. Subsequently
ubsequently reconstruction of damaged
settlements is undertaken unless resettlement is seen as better option. There
here is a provision for liv
livelihood
while restoration and implementation of damaged facilities are undertaken by concerned local andnational agencies. The
he ultimate objective of these efforts is to “build back better””.
VI. ADRC Counterpart
Office of Civil Defense (OCD)
Department of National
ational Defense (DND)
Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, Philippines
USEC Alexander P. Pama
Administrator, OCD and Executive Director, NDRRMC
Telephone Number:(02) 421-1926
421/ 912-6675
Fax Number:(02) 912-2424
912

20

References:
Republic Act 10121
NDRRM Framework
NDRRM Plan 2011-2028
World Risk Index Report 2014
Global Assessment Report 2013
NDRRMC Situational Reports
PHIVOLCS Presentation c/o Ms Joan Cruz Salcedo as of 25 Sept 2014
Country Report 2012

Sites Visited:
http://www.adrc.asia
http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph
http://www.ocd.gov.ph
http://www.ehs.unu.edu/article/read/world-risk-report-2014
http://www.cred.be/sites/default/files/ADSR_2013.pdf
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines

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