INDIACountryPravin Bhagwantrao Dhat
Assistant Commandant, National Disaster Response Force,
Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
ADRC Visiting Researcher FY 2022

Disclaimer••

This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) fromADRC member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect theviews of the ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and thedesignations used on the maps in the report also do not imply
official endorsement or acceptance by the ADRC.

A Quote“INDIA is the cradle of the human race, the birthplaceof human speech, the mother of history, thegrandmother of legend and the great grandmother oftradition. Our most valuable and most instructive
materials in the history of man are treasured up inIndia only.”~ Mark Twain✔ General Information✔ Geography✔ Economy✔ Disaster Risk Profile andDisasters

Presentation
Points✔ Evolution of DRM✔ Institutional Framework✔ National Disaster Response
Force✔ Disaster Finance✔ Sendai Framework: Targets✔ Research theme

General Information

Official Name
Republic of India;
Bharat Ganrajya

Capital City:New Delhi

Official Languages:

English and Hindi

Constitutional Languages:

22Currency:

Indian Rupee ₹Total area:

3,287,263 sq. km (7th largest in the World)

Population:

1363.0 million (2021 estimate)Life expectancy:

65.8 years (M); 68.1 years (F) 2011

Latitude & Longitude:

8°4’ and 37°6’N; 68°7’ and 97°25’E

Time zone:

GMT+5:30

Geography

Source of map: Indian Journal ofGeosciences, Volume 66, No. 4 October December, 2012; pp. 181-192, Article by
A.B Roy

Geologically,
India is grouped into three major groups:
1.
2.
3.

The Himalayas and their associated group of mountains
The Indo-Ganga Plains
The Peninsular Shield

Besides these, the coastal plains of Western and Eastern ghats and theAndaman and Nicobar & Lakshadweep islands can be considered minorgroups.

Climatologically,India is considered to be a tropical country with four seasons as designatedby the India Meteorological Department.
1.

Winter (December-February)2.

Summer (March-June)

3.

South-west monsoon season (June-September)

4.

Post monsoon season/ Autumn (October-November)
Figure: Geology of India

On the World Map

Economy
GDP (2021):$ 3.18 trillion

GDP Growth:

8.7 %Forex reserves :$ 633.6 billion

Inflation:

5.1 %Unemployment:

6%

Fiscal deficit :6.8 %Disaster Risk Profile
India is highly vulnerable to floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches
and forest fires.
27 out of 36
States andUnion
Territories
are disaster
prone

Hilly areas are
at risk fromlandslides andavalanches

Over 40 million
hectares (12percent ofland) are prone
to floods andriver erosion

58.6 percentof thelandmass isprone toearthquakes

68 percent of
the cultivablearea isvulnerable todrought

Of the 7,516
km longcoastline, close
to 5,700 km isprone tocyclones andtsunamis

Disasters
India is highly vulnerable to floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches
and forest fires.
Climatological:
Drought, Forest fire,
Glacial Lake Outburst
Flood, Extreme weather

Geophysical:
Earthquake,Volcano, Tsunami

Hydrological:
Flood, Landslide,
Wave action

Meteorological:
Cyclone, Cold and Heatwave, Lightening,
Heavy rain, Hail storm

Other:
Chemical accident, Biological disease, Epidemic,
Pest attack, Nuclear accident, Building collapse,
Structural failure, Air, water and road accidents, etc

Recent DisastersDisasters that occurred in 2019

Disasters that occurred in 2020

February: Seemanchal
Express derailment

June: Bihar encephalitis
outbreak

January-present: COVID-19

August: Kerala floods

June: Locust infestation

August: Vijayawada fireFebruary: Delhi hotel fire

June: IAF An-32 crash

May: Visakhapatnam gas leakFebruary: Bandipur wildfire

June: Kullu bus accident

March: Mumbai bridge
collapse

July: Tiware dam failure

May: Aurangabad railway
accident

August: Srisailamhydroelectric power plantfire

March: Dharwad building
collapse
May–June: Heat wave
May: Surat fireMay: Cyclone Amphan

August: Tariq Garden
building collapse in Mumbai

May: Uttarakhand forest fires

October: Hyderabad floods

September: Pune flood

May: Assam gas and oil leakDecember: Delhi factoryfireMay - August: Assam floods

November: Ahmedabadchemical factory blast

July-August: Floods(Kerala; Gujarat)

June: Cyclone Nisarga
June: Dahej chemical plant
explosion

November: Cyclone Nivar
November: Cyclone Burevi
December: Eluru outbreakRecent Disasters
Disasters that occurred in 2021
January–present: COVID19

May: Cyclone Tauktae
May: Cyclone Yaas

January: Shivamogga quarry
explosion

July: Maharashtra floods

February: Uttarakhand
flood

September: Saurashtra
flood

February: Sidhi bus accident

September Cyclones
Gulab and Shaheen

March: Mumbai hospital fire
April: Virar hospital fire

November: South Indiafloods

May: Bharuch hospital fire

December: Cyclone Jawad

Disasters that occurred in 2022
January – present: COVID19

June: Hapur chemical plant
explosion

January: Vaishno Devi
Temple stampede

June: Mumbai building collapse

January: Surat gas leak
January: Bikaner-Guwahati
train accident
April : Trikut cable caraccident
May: Cyclone Asani
May: Delhi fire
May: Northeast floods

June: Manipur landslide

July: Amarnath floods(Cloudburst)
October: Uttarakhand
avalanche

October: Kanpur road accident
October: Bhadohi fire
October: Morbi bridge collapse

Evolution of DRM
The Super cyclone in Orissa of 1999 and the Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat in 2001
Underscored the need to adopt a multi dimensional endeavour involving diverse scientific, engineering, financial
and social processes; the need to adopt multi disciplinary and multi sectoral approach and incorporation of risk
reduction in the developmental plans and strategies.
Disaster Management shifted from Ministry of Agriculture to Ministry of Home Affairs in 2002
Disaster Management Act, 2005
Constitution of National Disaster Management Authority in 2005 with Prime Minister of India as Chairman
National Executive Committee (NEC) in 2005 with Home Secretary as Chairperson
Setting up of SDMA and DDMA under DM Act 2005
National Disaster Response Force 2006

Institutional Framework

Figure-1: National-level disaster management Basic institutional framework

Figure-2: State-level disaster management Basic institutional framework

National Disaster Response Force● A force for specialist response to a threatening disastersituation/ disaster.
● Total 16 battalions dedicated for DM activities.
● Each battalion has a strength of 1149 personnel.
● 18 self contained Search & Rescue teams in a battalion.
● 28 Regional Response Centres (RRCs).
● Located at 57 different locations (Including Regional
Response Centres & Temporary locations) in the country.
● Specialist manpower in every team viz. Engineers,
Paramedics, Technician, Electrician and dog squad.
● Training and Capacity Building activities
State Disaster Response Forces for respective States/ Union Territories are also being raised on similar lines

Disaster Finance15th Finance Commission FY 2021-22 to 25-25 (Five years)●National Disaster Risk Management Fund (NDRMF) and State Disaster Risk Management Fund (SDRMF) at the National level &State level respectively●NDRMF consist of National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) 80 % & National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF) 20% andsimilarly SDRMF consist of State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) 80% & National Disaster Mitigation Fund (SDMF) 20%

NDFMF

2021-222022-232023-242024-252025-26

Total

Allocation

12,39013,01013,66014,34315,06068,463

SDFMF

2021-222022-232023-242024-252025-26

Total

Response & Relief

40%

Union share

21,18423,294

24,466

25,68826,969122,601

Recovery & Reconstruction

30%

States’ share

6,799

7,137

7,491

7,864

8,261

37,552

Preparedness & capacity building

10%

Total
Allocation

28,98330,431

31,95733,55235,230160,153

The figures are in INR (₹) Crores

National/ State Disaster Response FundDistribution

Sendai Framework: Targets

Prime Minister’s 10 point agenda on DRR
All development sectors must imbibe the principles of disaster risk management

Work towards risk coverage for all: from Poor households to Small & Medium Enterprises to Multinational corporations to Nation states
Encourage greater involvement and leadership of Women leadership in Disaster Risk Management
Invest in risk mapping globally to improve global understanding of Nature and disaster risks
Leverage technology to enhance the efficiency of disaster risk management efforts
Develop a network of universities to work on disaster-related issues
Utilise the opportunities provided by social media and mobile technologies for disaster risk reduction
Build on local capacity and initiative to enhance disaster risk reduction
Make use of every opportunity to learn from disasters and, to achieve that, there must be studies on the lessons after every disasterBring about greater cohesion in international response to disasterSteps to meet Sendai Targets
India is not only focusing on
reducing mortality from majordisasters but also from small or
medium, and locally-specificdisasters.
E.g. Heat wave related deaths
have decreased from over 2000
in 2015 to 25 in 2018. This has
been possible through issuanceof appropriate nationalguidelines for almost every kindof disasters.

The National Disaster
Management Plan
updated in 2019
explicitly addresses theissues related to social
inclusion and outline
specific measures forbringing coherence inthe implementation ofSFDRR, SDGs and theParis Agreement on
climate change.

India hosted theFirst ‘BIMSTEC
DisasterManagement
Exercise’ in theNational Capital
Region in October
2017 to enhance
regional andinternationalcooperation.

In February 2019, India
hosted a meeting on
Disaster Risk Managementof the Indian Ocean Rim
Association (IORA), anintergovernmentalorganization of 22members and nine dialogue
partners to prepare a work
plan for regional
cooperation on DRM
among IORA members.

Steps to meet Sendai Targets
India has initiated a dialogue with more than 40
countries to build a Coalition for Disaster Resilient
Infrastructure. Such a Coalition would benefit
both developed and developing countries andserve as a knowledge and capacity development
platform for promoting disaster resilient
infrastructure.
In order to further develop the notion of aCoalition, India in collaboration with UNISDR, has
hosted international Workshops on Disaster
Resilient Infrastructure in January 2018 andMarch 2019.

Aapda Mitra scheme
has been launchedsince May 2016 with afocus on training of
6000 community
volunteers (200volunteers perdistrict) in disaster
response in selected
30 most flood prone
districts of 25 Statesof India.

In order to augment thecapacity of State leveldisaster risk management
organizations to steer theimplementation, India haslaunched a national
programme to provide
appropriate technical andfinancial support to State
governments.

To encourage innovation andrecognise
theexceptional
contributions of organisations andindividuals to Disaster Risk
Management in the country,Government of India has instituted
an annual national award in thename of our great freedom fighter
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
The first award was announced on
his birth anniversary on 23 January
2019Research ThemePreparedness for Disaster Response
1. Study the preparedness and response methodologies of different agencies inJapan.
2. Identify the gaps in the preparedness for disaster response in India.
3. Develop a data driven decision support system / workflow which will overcome
the identified gaps in preparedness for disaster response.

This Presentation is prepared byPravin Bhagwantrao Dhat, Assistant Commandant,
National Disaster Response Force,Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
ADRC Visiting Researcher FY 2022