INDONESIA COUNTRY PROFILESUSILASTUTINATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY(BNPB)VR 2016A

CONTENT

1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1
1.2
1.3

Geographical Information
Demographical Infromation
Historical Information

2. NATURAL HAZARD IN INDONESIA
2-1. Natural Hazards Likely to Affect the Country2-2. Major Disasters in Indonesia
3. DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
3-1. Administrative System
3-2. Legal System and Framework
3-3. Structure of Disaster Management
4. DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY, POLICY AND PLAN
5. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR
ACTION (HFA)
6. RECENT MAJOR PROJECTS ON DISASTER RISKREDUCTION
8. ADRC Counterpart (Organization & Contact Information)
9. REFERENCESREPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

1. General Information
 Official Name
: Republic of Indonesia Name in official language: Republik Indonesia
 Motto: “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” / “Unity inDiversity”
 National Ideology: Pancasila
 Anthem: “Indonesia Raya”
 National Flag
: The flag is a simple bicolour with two
equal horizontal bands, red (top) andwhite (bottom) with an overall ratio of
2:3. The red colour represented theblood shed in the War of
Independence, stands for courage,
while the white could be understoodto symbolise the purity of theIndonesians. Another is that red
represents the human body or
physical life, while white represents
the soul or spiritual life; together theystand for a complete human being.
 Head of State: President Legislature: People’s Consultative Assembly Capital: Jakarta Official Language: Indonesia
 Religion: Islam, Protestantism, Chatolicism,
Hinduism, Buddhisme, Confuciasm
 Demonym: Indonesian Area Time Zones

 Population
 National currency: The total area in Indonesia is
1.913.578,68 km2, consist of 34
provinces, 17.504 Islands, and12.827 coastal island: Indonesia dividen into three timezones
1. Western Indonesian Time (WIT) ;Sumatera, Java, West Kalimantan
and Central Kalimantan
2. Central Indonesian Time (CIT) ;Sulawesi, Bali, East Nusa
Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara,
East Kalimantan, South
Kalimantan
3. Eastern Indonesian Time (EIT) ;Maluku, North Maluku, Papua,
West Papua: 260,581,100 (2016): Indonesian rupiah(Rp) (IDR)1.1 Geographical Information
Indonesia officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a sovereigntranscontinental country located mainly in Southeast
Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between
the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island
country, with more than thirteen thousand islands. It has an
estimated population of over 260 million people (September2016) and is the world's fourth most populous country, mostpopulous Austronesian nation, as well as the mostpopulous Muslim-majority
country.
The
world's mostpopulous island of Java contains more than half of thecountry's population.
Indonesia is an archipelagic country extending 5,120 kilo
meters from east to west and 1,760 kilo meters from north tosouth, with 3 time zones - Eastern, Central, and Western.
Lying along the equator, Indonesia has a tropical climate,with two distinct monsoonal wet and dry seasons. Averageannual rainfall in the lowlands varies from 1,780–3,175
millimeters (70-125 in), and up to 6,100 millimeters (240 in)
in mountainous regions. Mountainous areas-particularly inthe west coast of Sumatra, West Java, Kalimantan,
Sulawesi, and Papua-receive the highest rainfall. Humidity is
generally high, averaging about 80%. Temperatures vary
little throughout the year; the average daily temperature
range of Jakarta is 26-30 °C (79-86 °F).
Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately
17,508 islands. It has 34 provinces with over 238 million
people, and is the world's fourth most populous country.
Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature andpresident. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country
shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor,
and Malaysia. With total area is 5.2 million km² (1.9 million
Km² of land and 3.3 million Km² of ocean), West - East
Distance edge is 5.110 Km.

1.2 Demograpical Information
The current population of Indonesia is 261,270,413 as of
Saturday, September 24, 2016, based on the latest United
Nations estimates. Indonesia population is equivalent
to 3.5% of the total world population. Indonesia ranks
number 4 in the list of countries by population. The
population density in Indonesia is 144 per Km2 (372 people
per mi2). 53.4 % of the population is urban (140,824,151
people in 2016). The median age in Indonesia is 28.6
years. 58% of the population live on the island of Java, theworld's most populous island.
Despite a fairly effective family planning program that has
been in place since the 1967, for the decade ending in 2010,
Indonesia's population growth was 1.49 percent. At that rate,
Indonesia's population is projected to surpass the present
population of the United States and would - if the current US
population did not rise - become the world's third biggest
after China and India by 2043. Some say family planningshould be revitalised based on the 1967 program to avoid
Indonesia becoming the world's third most populous country,
but this aim has faced a hurdle of religiously-based opinion
that to follow family planning is equivalent to not being
grateful to God.
Indonesia currently possess a relatively young population,
thus implies a — potentially — large workforce andconsumer base. Indonesia's total median age is 28.2 years(2011 estimate). This indicates that one half of the
population is older than 28.2 years, while the other half isyounger than this number.
Indonesia includes numerous ethnic, cultural and linguistic
groups, some of which are related to each other. Since
independence, Indonesian (a form of Malay and the official
national language) is the language of most writtencommunication, education, government, and business.
Many local ethnic languages are the first language of mostIndonesians and are still important.
The historical population of Indonesian can be shown as
follow :World
Population

Ind
one
sia
Glo
bal
Ran
k

Yearly%ChangeYearlyChangeCount
ry's
Densi Sharetyof(P/K World
m²)
Pop

2016

260,581,100 1.17 %3,017,285

144 3.51 %7,432,663,275

4

2015

257,563,815 1.29 %3,190,138

142 3.50 %7,349,472,099

4

2010

241,613,126 1.32 %3,071,685

133 3.49 %6,929,725,043

4

2005

226,254,703 1.35 %2,942,855

125 3.47 %6,519,635,850

4

2000

211,540,428 1.44 %2,916,517

117 3.45 %6,126,622,121

4

1995

196,957,845 1.66 %3,104,205

109 3.43 %5,735,123,084

4

1990

181,436,821 1.92 %3,284,925

100 3.42 %5,309,667,699

4

1985

165,012,195 2.27 %3,504,366

91

3.4 %

4,852,540,569

4

1980

147,490,366 2.44 %3,353,250

81 3.32 %4,439,632,465

4

1975

130,724,118 2.63 %3,177,867

72 3.22 %

4,061,399,228

5

1970

114,834,781 2.74 %2,905,177

63 3.12 %3,682,487,691

5

1965

100,308,896

2.7 %

2,503,277

43 3.02 %3,322,495,121

6

1960

87,792,512 2.57 %2,092,943

49 2.91 %3,018,343,828

6

1955

77,327,799 2.14 %1,556,896

43

2,758,314,525

6

Year

Population

2.8 %Figure : Population of Indonesia (2016 and historical)(source : www.worldometers.info)

1.3 Historical Information
The history of Indonesia has been shaped by its geographic
position, its natural resources, a series of human migrations
and contacts, wars and conquests, as well as by trade,
economics and politics. Indonesia is an archipelagic countryof 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited) stretching along theequator in South East Asia. The country's strategic sea-lane
position fostered inter-island and international trade; trade
has since fundamentally shaped Indonesian history. The
area of Indonesia is populated by peoples of various
migrations, creating a diversity of cultures, ethnicities,
and languages. The archipelago's landforms and climate
significantly influenced agriculture and trade, and theformation of states. The boundaries of the state of Indonesia
represent the 20th century borders of the Dutch East Indies.
 Dutch East India
Company Dutch East Indies Japanese occupation
 Independence
declared from theNetherlands
 United States ofIndonesia (USI) USI dissolved 20 March 1602
 1 January 1800
 9 March 1942
 17 August 1945
 27 December
1949
 17 August 1950

2. Hazards in Indonesia
2.1 Natural Hazards Likely to Affect the Country
Based on the nationwide disaster risk assessments theGovernment of Indonesia has listed twelve hazards, as
follows ;Natural Earthquake, Tsunami, Flood Landslide Volcanic Eruption,
 Extreme Tidal Wave and Abrasion, Extreme Weather, Drought Forest and Land Fire)
Non Natural
 Disease Epidemic and Pandemic,
 Technological Failure)
Social Social Conflict and terrorism.

Figure : Risk Map of Multihazards

BNPB’s Indonesia Disaster Risk Index or Index Rawan
Bencana Indonesia (IRBI, 2013) lists 497 disaster prone
districts / cities out of which 323 districts / cities (65 per cent)have been identified as “high risk” and 174 (35 per cent) as“moderate risk” districts.
Indonesia is located in disaster prone area, can beconsidered as Laboratory of Disasters, due to its
geographical, geological and demographic condition.
Indonesia is susceptible to various types of natural hazards
due to its geographical location and physical environment;
being situated in the “Pacific Ring of Fire”, between three
Tectonic plates (Indo Australia, Eurasian and Pacific), an
area encircling the Pacific Ocean where frequent
earthquakes and volcanic activity result from the movementsof said tectonic plates.
In fact, the country experiences an average of 20
earthquakes per day (most are too weak to be felt). There
are also about 500 volcanoes, of which 128 are active andhave been recorded in history to have erupted; while 21 areconsidered to be the most active namely: Sinabung, Merapi,
Kaba, Kerinci, Anak Krakatau, Papandayan, Slamet, Bromo,
Semeru, Batur, Rinjani, Sangeang Api, Rokatenda, Egon,
Soputan, Lokon, Gamalama, Dukono, Karangetang, Ibu,
Talang. Also, being located along the typhoon
belt/superhighway in the Pacific makes it vulnerable toextreme weather events. An average of 20-30
typhoons/tropical cyclones visit the country every year, with
5-7 of them considered the most destructive. Total shoreline
prone of tsunami is about 21.000 Km, making the country
also highly-susceptible to sea level rise and storm surges.
Accompanying or resulting from these tropical cyclone
events are secondary phenomena such as landslides,
floods/flash floods/flooding, typhoon, drought, and heavy
monsoon rains.

Aside from the natural hazards, Indonesia also experiences
human-induced incidents such as urban/structural fires, air,land and sea mishaps, drowning, collapsed structure,
epidemic/disease outbreak, food poisoning, vehicular
accidents, gas explosion, chemical poisoning, oil spillage,
grenade/bomb explosion/bombings, civil disturbance, andcomplex emergencies.
2.2. Major Disasters in Indonesia

The various types of disasters such as flooding, earthquake,mass movement-wet, and volcanic eruption occurred inIndonesia. Earthquake and flood disrupted 88% of the total
number of affected people. On the other hand, earthquake

caused the highest number of death and significant
economic losses. This is mainly due to the Sumatra
Earthquake in 2004 and Java Earthquake in 2006. Flooding
and earthquake will be the two major disasters that havegreat impact in Indonesia.
The ten deadliest disasters in Indonesia between 1980 and2015 are shown in the table as follow ;Disaster TypeYear
Earthquake and 2004
tsunamiEarthquake
2006

Fatalities
Descriptions
165,708
Indian Ocean 9.2 RS

Earthquake
Earthquake
Earthquake
Earthquake

1992
2009
2005
2006

2,500
1,117
915
802

EpidemicDrought
Epidemic
Epidemic

1998
1997
1998
2004

777
672
672
658

5,778

Yogyakarta and Central
Java 6,3 RS
Flores 7,8 RS
West Sumatera 7,6 RS
Nias 8.7 RS
Tasik Malaya, West Java
7.7 SR
Dengue, Jakarta
Central Papua
Rabies, Flores
Dengue, Jakarta

Earthquakes were the overwhelming fatality associateddisaster type, followed by epidemics and drought.
3. Disaster Management System
3.1 Administrative System
Indonesia has three (3) administrative levels of governance;
national, province and regency/municipal. Each level ofgovernments has its own disaster management
organizations, policy frameworks and budgets. Whendisasters occur, municipalities respond first. In casedisasters are large in scale beyond their capacity, national
and province governments provide every possible support.
Government decides status and level of national andregional/local disaster, with indicators: number of victims,

the loss of belongings, damages of facilities/infrastructure,area and economy and social impact.
3.2. Legal System and Frameworka. Disaster Management Law No. 24/2007 Principles ofDisaster Management - Promptness & Precision Priority - Coordinating & Integrity - Efficiency &Effectiveness - Transparency and Accountability Partnership - Non Discrimination - Non Proselytizationb. Government Regulation No. 21/2008 Operation ofDisaster Managementc. Government Regulation No. 22/2008 Funding andManaging in Disaster Assistanced. Government Regulation No. 23/2008 Role ofInternational Agencies and Foreign Non Governmental
Agencies in Disaster Management
e. Presidential Regulation No. 8/2008 Establishment of
NADM
3.3. Structure of Disaster Management
a. National Disaster Management Authority (BNPB)-Head of NADM non-ministry institution equals a minister,
consists of Steering & Executing components- Eight (8), Vice – Chairpersons;
1. Prime Secretary, has the duties of planning, guidanceand control of the program, administrative andresources and cooperation
2. Deputy for Prevention and Preparedness, has thetask coordinating and implementing public policy inthe field of prabencana disaster management andempowerment community
3. Deputy for Emergency Response, has the task
coordinating and implementing public policy in thefield of disaster management during emergency
response4. Deputy for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, has thetask coordinating and implementing public policy inthe field of disaster management in the post-disaster5. Deputy for Logistics and Equipment, has the tasks
coordination and logistical support and equipment in
the operation disaster6. Prime Inspectorate, has the tasks of supervisionfunctional to the tasks and functions in the BNPB
7. Centre of Data Information & PR and Centre of
Education & Training
8. Technical Unit
The structure of BNPB can be shown as follow :Figure 3. Structure of National Disaster Management
Authority

b. Regional Board for Disaster Management (Province level)/ BPBD Provinsi- Head of RADM (Chief executive) consists of Steering &Executing components (Ess. IIa)
- Four(4), Vice – Chairpersons;a. Executive Secretariat (Ess. IIIa)b. Chief of Prevention and Preparedness (Ess. IIIa)c. Chief of Emergency Field and Logistics (Ess. IIIa)
d. Chief of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (Ess. IIIa)c.

Regional
Board
for
DisasterManagement(Regenty/Municipal level) / BPBD Kabupaten / Kota
- Head of RADM (Chief executive) consists of Steering &Executing components (Ess. IIb)
- Four(4), Vice – Chairpersons;a. Executive Secretariat (Ess. IIIb)b. Head Section of Prevention and Preparedness (Ess. IIIb)c. Head Section of Emergency Field and Logistics (Ess. IIIb)
d. Head Section of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (Ess.
IIIb)

4. DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY, POLICY AND PLAN
Based on the article 33 of ACT No. 24/2007 that organizing ofdisaster relief consists of three (3) stages ; pre-disaster,emergency response time, and post-disaster. Focus of thedirectives and national priorities for disaster management as
defined in the RPJMN 2015-2019 drafted and formulated asfollows:
1) Strengthening the legal framework for disaster relief.
2) Mainstreaming disaster management in development.
3) Enhancement of multi stakeholders partnership in disaster
relief.
4) Fulfillment of the management for disaster relief.
5) Increased theeffectivenessof disasterprevention
and mitigation

6) Increased ofthepreparedness and emergency handling.
7) Increased the capacity of disaster recovery.

disaster

The Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah (RPJMN), 20152019 has outlined the need for mainstreaming disaster risk
management in development planning. DRR financing began in2007 with the issuance of the National Disaster Management
Law. The National Disaster Management Plans for 2009-2014
and 2015-2019 articulate the growing commitment to finance
DRR mainstreaming. The following are the plans andgovernment regulations related to DRR:
N
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Type
Act
Head of
BNPB
Regulati
on

6.

7.
8.
9.
10
.

Number/Year
27/2007
26/2007
04/201202/201201/2012

2014

Plans
and
Reports

20132012
20102012
20062009

Title
On Coastal and Small Islands
Management
On Land Use Planning
On Guidelines for Safe School
On General Guidelines for Disaster
Risk Assessment
On General Guidelines for Disaster
Resilient Village/ Sub-district
Handbook for Regional Development
Plan 2015: Developing Resilient
Nation Through Disaster Risk
Reduction.
National Assessment Report on
Disaster Risk Reduction
Master Plan for Tsunami Disaster
Risk Reduction
National Action Plan for Disaster Risk
Reduction (II)National Action Plan for Disaster Risk
Reduction (I)5. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR
ACTION (HFA) 2013-2015
Indonesia is one of many countries that commits to do Sendai
Working Plan (Sendai Framework For Disaster Risk Reduction /SFDRR). The priority of program are:Priority 1: Understanding basic risk disaster
Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance indisaster risk management
Priority 3: Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction forresilience
Priority 4: Improve disaster preparedness to respondeffectively and to “rebuild better” during recovery,
rehabilitasion and reconstruction.
This work plan becomes consensus in World Conference forDisaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, in 2015 as replacement of
Hyogo Framework for Action [HFA]. The summarization ofIndonesia National Progress Report on the Implementation of the
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2013-2015 is detailed below:
Priority for Action 1:
Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local
priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation
Core Indicator 1:
National policy and legal framework for disaster risk reduction
exists with decentralized responsibilities and capacities at alllevels Level of Progress
Achieved: 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/or
operational capacities.
Description:
The Indonesian National Agency for Disaster Management(BNBP) noted in the progress report the incorporation ofdisaster risk reduction in the national development plan, sector
strategies and plan, climate change policy and strategy, andCommon Country Assessment (CCA)/United Nations
Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF). The integrationof disaster risk reduction is absent in the poverty reduction
strategy papers and civil defence policy, strategy, andcontingency planning. Numerous guidelines and regulations on
disaster risk reduction and disaster management are in placefrom the central government levels to the district/city levels.
Central and local level capabilities are improved however the
district/city level needs strengthening.
Core Indicator 2:
Dedicated and adequate resources are available to implement
disaster risk reduction plans and activities at all administrative
levelsLevel of Progress Achieved: 3
Institutional commitment attained but achievements are neither
comprehensive nor substantial
Description:
Budgets for disaster risk reduction initiatives have been
programmed, allocated, and integrated into the regularprograms by the line ministries. The provincial level ofgovernment is working on integrating disaster management
into local development plans and budget. The districts andcities with developed disaster management plans areencouraged to incorporate these plans into the development
plans.
Core Indicator 3:
Community participation and decentralization is ensured
through the delegation of authority and resources to local levels
Level of Progress Achieved: 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/or
operational capacities.
Description:
The government indicates the legislation exists to mandate
disaster risk reduction at the local level. Therefore, the local
governments have the legal responsibility and systematicbudget allocations for disaster risk reduction. An estimated .1
to .38 percent of the local budget is assigned to DRR.

Indonesia implemented decentralization since 1999 which
directs DRR to the local BPBDs for the districts and cities.
BNBP supports rather than leads the BPBDs and provides
facilities, infrastructure, and technical assistance.
Core Indicator 4:
A national multi-sector platform for disaster risk reduction isfunctioning
Level of Progress Achieved: 3
Institutional commitment attained but achievements are neither
comprehensive nor substantial
Description:
The national platform representatives include civil society
organizations, national finance and planning institutions, key
economic and development sector organizations. The national
coordinating authority responsible for disaster managementand disaster risk reduction in Indonesia is BNPB. In 2008, theNational Platform for disaster risk reduction, Planas PRB wasestablished. The multi-stakeholder platform involves members
from government institutions, non-governmental organizations
and the private sector. Recently, a new chairman and new
management team have been appointed.
Priority for Action 2
Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early
warningCore indicator 1
National and local risk assessments based on hazard data andvulnerability information are available and include risk
assessments for key sectors.
Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :All the provinces in Indonesia have possessed multi-hazard
risk assessments. Around 20% of the districts and cities havealso developed their risk assessments. At the central level, theline ministries have also conducted risk mapping in accordancewith their responsibilities. These risk analyses have been

enriched with vulnerability and capacity information from thecommunity, as well as index of potential losses.
Core indicator 2
Systems are in place to monitor, archive and disseminate dataon key hazards and vulnerabilities
Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :Responsibility to monitor, archive and disseminate data on key
hazards and vulnerabilities lies in different line ministries. The
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources is mostly
responsible for geological hazards, particularly volcanic
eruption and landslide. The Ministry of Public Work is
responsible for flood hazard. BMKG is responsible for climaterelated hazards and tsunami. The Ministry of Forestry is
responsible for forest and land fires. BNPB facilitated the line
ministries in disseminating important data. It has also
developed hazard and vulnerability databases.
Core indicator 3
Early warning systems are in place for all major hazards, withoutreach to communities.
Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :Early Warning Systems in Indonesia has relatively been moreadvanced for hazards such as flood, tsunami, extreme
weather, extreme waves, volcanic eruption and forest fires. The
problem, however, lies in EWS’ outreach to the grassrootscommunities and capacity strengthening to build communities’
capacities to respond to warnings.
Core indicator 4
National and local risk assessments take account of regional /trans boundary risks, with a view to regional cooperation onrisk reduction.

Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :With regard to trans-boundary risks, Indonesia is highlycommitted to joint management of cross-border risks,particularly related to tsunami and smoke hazards. ASEAN,
South Asian and several other countries in the Asia Pacificregion have been actively involved in Indian Ocean Tsunami
Warning System (IOTWS). Indonesia plays a leading role in the
management of trans-boundary risks through the AHA Center.
The country has also been active in Pacific Tsunami Warning
and Mitigation System (PTWS) and ASEAN Earthquake
Information Center (AEIC).
Priority for Action 3
Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture ofsafety and resilience at all levels
Core indicator 1
Relevant information on disasters is available and accessible at
all levels, to all stakeholders (through networks, developmentof information sharing systems etc)
Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :BNPB has facilitated the set-up and maintenance of theIndonesian disaster data and information. Other ministries andagency such as BMKG manages data related to extreme
weather, earthquake and tsunami. The Ministry of Energy andMineral resources maintain data related to volcanic eruption
and land mass movement. Several local governments, together
with non-government partners such as university, havedeveloped disaster information systems that are specific totheir needs. The media has also been proactive indisseminating disaster-related data and information.
Core indicator 2

School curricula , education material and relevant trainings
include disaster risk reduction and recovery concepts andpractices.
Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :Indonesia sees an increased commitment in this issue, as the
Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Public Works,
Ministry of Religious Affairs, Ministry of Home Affairs, BNPB
and non-government stakeholders have jointly worked towards
stronger implementation of DRR through the curriculum. Moreand more training programs have been developed by nongovernment partners to strengthen capacity for better recovery.
Core indicator 3
Research methods and tools for multi-risk assessments andcost benefit analysis are developed and strengthened.
Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :Government ministries/agencies have developed methods andtools for risk assessments, like BMKG or the climate agency,
for instance, developed assessment methodologies fortsunami, extreme weather and extreme wave, and earthquake
and flood. The Geological Agency developed methodologies
and tools for volcanic eruption and land mass movement. The
Ministry of Public Work developed flood risk analysis. The
National Science Institute (LIPI) developed Preparedness
Analysis. BNPB has also developed multi-hazard risk
assessments methodologies. However, the country has yet todevelop cost-benefit analysis for risk sensitive investments.
Core indicator 4Countrywide public awareness strategy exists to stimulate aculture of disaster resilience, with outreach to urban and ruralcommunities.

Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :A comprehensive strategy for awareness building for disaster
preparedness has long been put in place by the government.
Many awareness building drive, however, have mostly involved
communities in rural areas. Guidelines and information about
DRR have also been made available for grassrootscommunities particularly in hazard prone areas.
Priority for Action 4
Reduce the underlying risk factors
Core indicator 1
Disaster risk reduction is an integral objective of environment
related policies and plans, including for land use natural
resource management and adaptation to climate change.
Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :DRR has long been linked to environmental management andmainstreamed into development. The forthcoming Middle-term
National Development Plan 2015-2019 combines both theseissues, which have also been supported by numerous
regulations enacted by the line ministries. There has been amechanism for Payment for Environmental Services, but thetechnical guidelines may need to be further refined.
Core indicator 2
Social development policies and plans are being implemented
to reduce the vulnerability of populations most at risk.
Level of Progress achieved : 3
Institutional commitment attained, but achievements are neither
comprehensive nor substantial.
Description :Indonesia implements social development programs for
population at risks, mostly in the aftermath of a disaster event.
A number of social development programs have addressedpeople’s vulnerability such as the rice for the poor program, thesocial security program for senior citizens and social
assistance program for people with disability. Micro insurance
and micro financing programs have also been developed by
the government and private sector, but the penetration has
been limited to several areas only.
Core indicator 3
Economic and productive sectorial policies and plans havebeen implemented to reduce the vulnerability of economic
activities
Level of Progress achieved : 2
Some progress, but without systematic policy and/ or
institutional commitment.
Description :There have only been pilot initiatives in formulating economic
and productive sectoral policies and plans to reduce thevulnerability of economic activities. Policies at the local level
have not been systematic and mechanism to empower
vulnerable people’s livelihoods has not been adequate. Local
economic development implemented has not incorporated risk
sensitive considerations.
Core indicator 4
Planning and management of human settlements incorporate
disaster risk reduction elements, including enforcement ofbuilding codes.
Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :Indonesia has long made it obligatory for housing developers to
conduct an environmental assessment, which contains risk
reduction elements, prior to start building and to comply withbuilding codes. Many regulations have been enacted to thisregard, such as the Law on Spatial Planning and Law on High-rise Building, the building code, micro-zoning regulations andothers. In areas highly-prone to earthquake, governments andnon-government partners have disseminated information to the
public on the importance of earthquake-resistant building.
Building artisans in those places have also been trained onearthquake safe construction. Early efforts to certify building
quality, particularly for public buildings, have also been
implemented.
Core indicator 5
Disaster risk reduction measures are integrated into postdisaster recovery and rehabilitation processes
Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :Starting from the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake, Indonesia has
endeavored to mainstream DRR into post disaster recovery
and rehabilitation. Every post-disaster recovery program in the
country has since needed to be started with a Post-Disaster
Need Assessment and the formulation of Action Plan for
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. BNPB regulation No.
17/2011 on rehabilitation and reconstruction has further
internalized DRR mainstreaming in recovery. The government
has also implemented “building back better” approach in mostpost-disaster events since 2006.
Core indicator 6
Procedures are in place to assess the disaster risk impacts ofmajor development projects, especially infrastructure.
Level of Progress achieved : 3
Institutional commitment attained, but achievements are neither
comprehensive nor substantial.
Description :Efforts to develop analytical instruments to assess the disaster
impacts of major development projects have just been piloted,
although the country has made it prerequisite to conduct
Environmental Impact Assessment at the individual projectlevel, and Strategic Environmental Analysis for areas that have

many development projects that may potentially damage theenvironment.
Priority for Action 5
Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at
all levels
Core indicator 1
Strong policy, technical and institutional capacities andmechanisms for disaster risk management, with a disaster risk
reduction perspective are in place.
Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :Currently all provinces and more than 90% of the districts andcities in Indonesia have possessed their own local DM
agencies. BNPB continues to build the technical capacity ofthese BPBDs. Many areas have developed rapid response
teams and at the national level two specialist rapid response
teams have been established. Many regions have developedrisk-sensitive spatial planning and implemented programs fordisaster preparedness, contingency planning, and response.
DRM policy that employs a risk reduction perspective has beenin place, but it has yet to be implemented well and throughout
all over the country.
Core indicator 2
Disaster preparedness plans and contingency plans are inplace at all administrative levels, and regular training drills andrehearsals are held to test and develop disaster response
programmes.
Level of Progress achieved : 3
Institutional commitment attained, but achievements are neither
comprehensive nor substantial.
Description :More than 25 percent of all districts and cities have formulated
contingency plans for various types of hazard. However, only alimited number has been prepared with sufficient gendersensitivities. Contingency plans have mostly been prepared torespond to emergency situations and not for continued basic
service delivery. Only a limited number of BPBDs have beenable to implement contingency plans through regular disaster
drills and rehearsals.
Core indicator 3
Financial reserves and contingency mechanisms are in place
to support effective response and recovery when required.
Level of Progress achieved : 3
Institutional commitment attained, but achievements are neither
comprehensive nor substantial.
Description :On-call budgets have been allocated at the national level by
the line ministries and at the local level by a number ofprovincial and district/city governments. However, theregulations that stipulate this issue are not clear, so that not all
local governments can allocate such budget. Disaster risk
insurance, catastrophe bonds and other risk transfer
mechanisms have not been developed adequately in the
country.
Core indicator 4
Procedures are in place to exchange relevant information
during hazard events and disasters, and to undertake postevent reviews.
Level of Progress achieved : 4
Substantial achievement attained but with recognizedlimitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities.
Description :Information exchange during emergency has long been
established in Indonesia. For volcanic eruption, the Geology
Agency regularly disseminates warning messages during
hazardous situations. The Ministry of Public Works regularly
conveys information on flooding to communities potentiallyaffected. Both systems have reached household level throughthe BPBDs. The country has also developed PostDisaster
Need Assessment/PDNA and trained people to implement this
instrument.

6. RECENT MAJOR PROJECTS ON DISASTER RISKREDUCTION
Recent Major Projects on Disaster Risk Reduction ;a. Encourage the integration of disaster management in the
Region Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD)
b. Create Risk Map and Disaster Management Planc. Develop Technology for Disaster Managementd. Develop Continjency Plane. Establishment of Village Disaster Resilientf. Establishment of City Disaster Resilientg. Establishment Safe School in collaboration with the Ministry of
Educationh. Socialization of Sustainable Disaster Risk Reduction
i. Development of Indonesia Disaster Data Base (DIBI)
j. Masterplan PRB Tsunami in Indonesia

7. ADRC Counterpart (Organization & Contact Information)
Organization : National Authority for Disaster Management(BNPB – Badan Nasional Penanggulangan
Bencana)
Address: GRAHA BNPB, Pramuka streets Kav 38, East
Jakarta, 13120
Phone / Fax : +6221-29827793
Email: contact@bnpb.go.id

8. REFERENCES
BNPB. 2016. Draft of Indonesia’s Disaster Risk Management
Baseline Status Report 2015 (Towards identifying national
and local priorities for the implementation of the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030).
BNPB. 2015. Kebijakan dan Strategi Penanggulangan Bencana
2015-2019. Direktorat Pengurangan Risiko Bencana-BNPB.
Indonesia Disaster Reference Handbook 2015

https ://dibi.bnpb.go.id
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia
https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/indonesiapopulation