HSC03-P01

Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Construction of a new digital archiving method for gathering data on traditional knowledge
by using low cost technology*Yu Fujimoto1
1.Nara University
Rural depopulation and greying population are serious issues for conserving traditional
agricultural land use in Japan, also known as Satoyama land use. The preservation of local andtraditional knowledge is essential for preserving these agro-ecological systems. The traditional
knowhow with periodic interaction with the landscape - a key feature of the Satoyama land use –is
fast disappearing from rural Japan. Especially in agricultural or fishing villages there areseveral types of local knowledge systems that are beneficial for conservation of natural resources.
Each type of knowledge is suitable for its unique environment. The disappearance of villages istherefore equal to the disappearance of such valuable socioecological knowledge. This type ofknowledge has potential to be useful for many future scenarios. This requires digital archiving ofsuch knowledge. But currently there is no standardized database for archiving this type ofsocioeclogical knowledge. Several types of technological and methodical approaches can be used forconstructing such databases. Therefore, it is essential to collect various kinds of knowledge andconstruct digital archive as standardized knowledge base. To construct this type of knowledge base,
there are some requirements in technologies and methodologies. In addition to these technicalrequirements, budgets are limited because most people in possession of such items do not havesufficient financial capacity. One result of the lack of finances is the need to keep the number ofarchiving project members to a minimum. The methods for archiving local knowledge should be as
low-cost as possible. In some previous studies, low-cost digitizing workflow and information schema
for local/ traditional knowledge with the Work-Oriented Approach and ISO 191XX series has been
introduced. The present study however, uses a standardized digital workflow using an
Interchangeable Lens Camera (MILC) and a tablet device, which is systematically formulated for thispurpose. This system consists of Raspberry Pi 2 and mobile battery, and multiple accesses fromtablet devices or smart phones. The workflow has been used in different types of experimental pilot
projects, and a set of archiving system is under implementation. Because this system is independent
form mobile network, it can be applicable in any projects.
Keywords: Rural depopulation, socioecological systems, data gathering, digital archive, low costtechnology©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

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Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Landscape change of kabuyutan sacred natural sites in Indonesia*Mohammad Zaini Dahlan1, Katsue Fukamachi1, Shozo Shibata1, Junichi Imanishi1
1.GSGES, Kyoto UniversityThousands of sacred natural sites still remain throughout the world and many of them are little
known and ignored. These places have been considerably important role to maintain and enhance thequality of environment through their function as a safeguard of the existence of bioculturaldiversity. In the last two decades, the topic about sacred natural sites has been widely discussed
by scholars. However, few case studies have been conducted in Indonesia although Indonesia has morethan 1300 ethnicities in 31 ethnic groups. To expand the geographical range of studies and enrich
the repertoire of knowledge, we conducted a study on kabuyutan sacred natural sites. The
objectives of study were to identify the structure and dynamics of kabuyutan landscape and toanalysis its socioecological consequences. This study was conducted in kabuyutan located in Ciomas
Village, Panjalu District, Ciamis Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia (latitude 07007’00” to 070
12’00” S, longitude 108015’00” to 108019’00” E). Observation participant through in-depth
interviews (four key informants were selected by snowball sampling method), three focus group
discussions (5 to 8 participants per session), and participatory survey methods were conducted inFebruary 2015 to provide a snapshot of kabuyutan landscape. In parallel, GIS-based analysis methodwith a high resolution image derived from Google Earth (year 2014) and two topographic maps (year2000 and 2014) was used to provide scientific spatial information such as land-use classification
maps and its changes. The results were analyzed qualitatively to elaborate the phenomena. Findings
revealed that local people’s knowledge has provided significant information in identifying

kabuyutan landscape as well as the changes and its particular reasons. At least 26 kabuyutan werefound and identified having a unique structure compare to surrounding landscape which symbolized bysprings (38.5%), specific plant species (34.6%), graves (11.5%), stones (3.8%), and tributary ofrivers (11.5%). Most kabuyutan were recognized in the average elevation of 718 m above sea level,
average approximate distance to river of 69.26 m and to road of 111.32 m, slope ranges from 0% to5% with 57.7% of lands toward east direction (aspect), 61.5% of them located in non-natural woody
area, 76.9% of lands were owned by individual resident (private), and more than half of kabuyutan
recognized to be protected around radius 35 m as their buffer zone. Local people perceived theseland variables were important to maintain the existence of kabuyutan, especially to ensure thesustainability of socioecological system. Land-use changes in micro scale need to be considered dueto the land ownership status. Kabuyutan located in private lands were more vulnerable because ofthe landowner’s interest. This led to concern about a reduction or even loss of kabuyutan’s
structure and function. We suggested that providing and transferring knowledge related to theimportant role of kabuyutan as well as empowering the significant role of local leader (custodian)
are necessary to prevent the negative impact of changes.
Keywords: kabuyutan, biocultural diversity, socioecological system©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

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Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Grassland landscapes and the associated ecosystem services: the Case of Aso*Chakraborty Shamik1
1.United Nations University (Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability), The University ofTokyo (Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science)
This poster presentation analyzes the case of the grasslands in the outer rim of the Aso caldera
system in Kyushu. Mt Aso is one of the largest terrestrial calderas, and the majestic crater rim
supports a variety of forests, grasslands and agrarian landscapes. The grassland of Aso is one of
the largest in Japan, and it is recognized as part of a UNESCO Global Geopark and a GloballyImportant Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS). This is also a form of the traditional 'satoyama'landscape of Japan, managed through periodic human induced disturbances in the form of grassland
burning.
Satoyama landscapes or the traditional agrarian landscapes of Japan are on the decline due to avariety of factors such as urbanization, rural depopulation, and unusustainable land use practices.
Grasslands such as Aso were very near to village domains as the susuki type grasses were used forthatching roofs and fodder during the Edo period. However, with mechanized agriculture and change
in building materials for houses the use of grasslands diminished. The Aso volcano and its caldera
system still retain such unique grassland features. One of the factors for the sustenance of thegrasslands at Aso is the particular geological formation of the landform, where we can observe theinteraction of geology and culture. However, the grassland based Satoyama of Aso is on the decline
as well alongwith the associated socioecological knowledge and the ecosystem services. This poster
therefore deals with the major characteristics, functions, socioecological properties and ecosystemservices of the Aso grassland landscape for sustainable management of such unique human managed
ecosystems.
Keywords: Satoyama, grasslands, socioecological systems , ecosystem services, Aso Volcanic area,Japan©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

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Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Analyzing Rivermouth Environment in Takatsu River Basin as a Socioecological System with aSpecial Focus on the Decline of Hamaguri Clams*Abhik Chakraborty1, Takashi Sasaki
1.Izu Peninsula Geopark
This poster presents the intriguing case of the Hamaguri clams (Meretrix lusoria) as an indicatorof the complexity of socioecological systems. The Takatsu River is located at the Shimane
Prefecture in west Japan, and flows into the Sea of Japan after cutting through narrow valleys
through mountains. The mountains in the watershed have a rich broadleaf forest cover that is seen
as an essential part of the complex nutrient flow through the basin that connects mountainous
landscapes to coastal ecosystems. However, during the latter part of the 20th century, the coastal
ecosystems started to undergo perceptible change, as evidenced by a dramatic decline of theHamaguri clam (Meretrix lusoria). Over-collection of clams by fishermen is unlikely as local
fishermen catch hamaguri by low impact methods focused on capturing a single clam at a time in thisarea. The decline therefore could be associated with a change in the complex web of nutrient flow,
connectivity of the mountains and the sea and the capacity of the river as a flow corridor. The
number of weirs increased on the river during the latter part of the 20th century, and aperceptible increase in the area of impervious concretized surface in the coastal areas took place.
There is no reliable dataset on the long term trend of the hamaguri population, but according toreports by local fishermen, seabed conditions (seagrass beds, water turbidity level) have changed
in a perceptible manner, and species not seen in the sea for generations have appeared recently.
These trends suggest that the overall system is changing in a complex and interconnected way. The
researchers conducted surveys to understand what conditions allow hamaguri clams to inhabit thecoastal areas, which conditions could be detrimental, and the age profile of these clams. The
findings indicate a slow recovery of the population in the recent years, but the threshold level ofclam populations and their limiting factors remain quite poorly understood. As these factors arelikely influneced by human interactions with the ecosystems, a socioecological framework is used torefect on the recent changes in population of this species ad its associated environment.

©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

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Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016

Geoecological Processes and landscape of moutain stream and river in Japan islands*Kuniyasu Mokudai1
1.Pro Natura Foundation JapanThe Azusa River that flows through the Kamikochi Highlands show characteristic vegetation colonies
of Chosenia arbutifolia. The flow of debris and rocks due to erosion and mass wasting by the riveris essential for formation of gravel beds in the stream, which are in turn related with the erosion
properties of the Azusa River main channel and this comprises a large system that supports thevegetation. In addition colonies of Fraxinus platypoda-Pterocarya rhoifolia form on landscapes thatare periodically affected by large peak flow events. Japanese mountain landscapes are noted fortheir rate of uplift, which leads to frequent slope failures, and all of this provides the backdrop
for vegetation development. But, erosion control construction destroy geoecological system.
Keywords: geoecological processes, sabo, tectonically active and intensely denuded region©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

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