令和５年度入学試験問題
地域経営学部
編入学選抜

小 論 文（注意事項）
１.

この問題冊子は試験開始の合図があるまで開いてはならない。

２.

問題は全部で４ページある。落丁・乱丁、印刷不鮮明の箇所などがあった場合は申し出ること。

３.

別に解答用紙が２枚および下書き用紙が２枚ある。

４.

解答はすべて解答用紙の指定された箇所に横書きで記入すること。

５.

受験番号は解答用紙の指定された箇所に必ず記入すること。

６.

解答時間は 90 分である。

７.

問題冊子及び下書き用紙は持ち帰ること。

問題１ 次の英文の要約を 200 字以内の日本語で書きなさい。

It is unfair that men and women have significantly different incomes whileworking at the same workplace -- and there is an urgent need to eradicate thegender pay gap.
Companies in Japan will be required to disclose the wage gap between men
and women under the "women's version" of the government's Basic Policy for
Economic and Fiscal Management and Reform, and statistics are expected tobe disclosed online and elsewhere. Listed companies and other firms are also
obliged to release data in their annual securities reports.
Once the actual situation is unveiled, the information will serve as avaluable indicator for job seekers when looking for employment. It will also
be important for investors when it comes to deciding where to place theirfunds.
The disclosure policy, which has already been introduced in some Europeancountries, is hoped to encourage firms to change their mindset and makeamendments. About 18,000 firms with more than 300 employees will besubject to the new policy. It should be applied to more companies in the future.
The gender pay gap in Japan remains large compared to the rest of theworld. According to a survey by the Organization for Economic Cooperationand Development (OECD), women's wages in Japan are only 77.5% of men's,
which places Japan in the third-lowest spot among 43 countries and regions.
In Japan, the older the workers are, the larger the pay gap between womenand men tends to be. The average monthly salary of full-time male employees
in their late 50s exceeds that of their female counterparts by at least 100,000
yen (around $750).
One reason for the gender wage gap is that women's average years ofservice are shorter than those of men, as many quit their jobs due to childbirthand child care. As women have fewer chances to build their careers, fewer
women are in managerial positions. Deep-rooted seniority-based employment
practices should be changed to encourage the promotion of female workers.

－1－More than half of female workers in Japan are non-regular employees. The
huge difference in treatment between regular and non-regular workers must
be improved, as this also results in a wage gap. There is an urgent need toraise the pay for occupations with a high proportion of women, such as childcare, nursing care, elderly care and the restaurant industry.
It is also essential for companies to prepare a working environment
enabling both male and female employees to work in various ways. Firmsshould cut back on long working hours and make further use of teleworking,which has spread in the wake of the coronavirus crisis.
It is also important to encourage male workers to take paternity leave. Only
12.65% of men took parental leave in fiscal 2020. Japan must leave behind
outdated gender roles such as the belief that "men should focus on theircareers and women should protect the household," and work steadily toward
a society where there are no gender disadvantages.
（出典：EDITORIAL / Japan's new gender pay gap rules a chance to eradicate
inequality, The Mainichi, June 9, 2022, 原文のまま）－2－

問題２ 次の二つの図は、令和 4 年版『交通政策白書』からの引用である。これらの図に基づいて、以下の設問に答えなさい。

図 1 消費支出に占める公共交通運賃と自動車等購入・維持費の割合の推移（総世帯）
注１：公共交通運賃は、ここでは、「家計調査」における鉄道運賃、鉄道通学定期代、鉄道通勤定期代、バス代、バス通学定期代、バス通勤定期代、タクシー代、航空運賃の合計。
注２：自動車等購入・維持費は、ここでは、「家計調査」における自動車等購入、自動車等維持（ガソリン、自動車整備費、駐車場借料、自動車保険料等を含む）の合計。
資料：総務省統計局「家計調査」から国土交通省総合政策局作成

図 2 １世帯当たりの消費支出（総世帯）の総額の推移
注：2018 年の家計簿改正による影響により、2017 年以前と 2018 年以降のデータが単純に比較できないため 2018 年のグラフは点で記載している。
資料：総務省統計局「家計調査」から国土交通省総合政策局作成－3－

設 問問１ 図 1 の説明を 150 字以内で書きなさい。
問２ 図 1 と図 2 を踏まえて、消費支出に占める自動車購入・維持費について、あなたの考えを 250 字以内で書きなさい。

－4－