Korean Fusion Energy Development Strategy*February 26, 2018

Y. S. Hwang

Center for Advance Research in Fusion Reactor EngineeringSeoul National Univ.
Committee on a Strategic Plan for US Burning Plasma Research,February 26-28, 2018
General Atomics, San Diego, USA* This presentation represents Y.S. Hwang’s personal view.

Outline Korean Fusion Energy Development via Mid-Entry Strategy
 Revision of Korean Fusion Energy Development Basic Promotion Plan On-going Discussion on DEMO Technology Development Strategy2

Korean Fusion Energy Development via Mid-Entry Strategy3

Successful Fast Follower: KSTAR construction (2007)  ITER KSTAR : Strong domestic industry with global fusion network

VV Port Fabrication

총 69개 기업,연인원 1,510명 참여 Fostering Koreanindustry and humanresources via KSTARITER Construction

Hyundai Heavy Industry
TF Conductor Delivery

KATAC/DC Converter

Dawon Sys4

Korean Fusion Energy Development Basic Promotion Plan(2006)
VisionSecure sustainable new energy source by technological development
and the commercialization of fusion energy

Phase

Phase 1 (’07~’11)

Phase 2 (’12~’21)

Phase 3 (’22~’36)

Policy Goal

Establishment of a foundationfor fusion energy
development

Development of coretechnology for DEMOAcquiringconstruction capability offusion power plants

 Acquisition of operating technology
for the KSTAR

 High-performance plasma
operation in KSTAR andpreparations of the ITER operation

BasicDirections

 Participation in the international joint
construction of ITER
 Establishment of a system for thedevelopment of fusion reactor
engineering technology

BasicPromotion Plan

Basic Promotion Plan 1 (07~‘11) Completion of ITER and acquisitionof core technology
 Development of core technology
for the design of DEMO
Basic Promotion
Plan 2 (12~‘16)

Basic Promotion
Plan 3 (17~‘21) DEMO design, construction, anddemonstration of electricity production
 Undertaking of a key role in ITER
operations
 Completion of reactor core and systemdesign of the fusion power reactor
 Commercialization of fusion technology
Basic
Basic
Basic
promotion
promotion
promotionplan 4 (22~‘26)plan 5 (27~‘31) plan 6 (32~‘36)Fusion Energy Development Promotion Law (2007)
 To establish a long-term and sustainable legal framework for fusion energy

development phases.
 To promote industries and institutes participating fusion energy development

by support and benefit.
 The first country in the world that prepared a legal foundation in fusionenergy development.
• 1995. 12 : National Fusion R&D Master Plan
• 2005. 12 : National Fusion Energy Development Plan
• 2007.
• 2007.
• 2007.
• 2012.
• 2017.

3 : Fusion Energy Development Promotion Law
4 : Ratification of ITER Implementation Agreement
8 : Framework Plan of Fusion Energy Development(First 5-Year National Plan)
1 : The 2nd 5-year National Plan was established.
4 : The 3rd 5-year National Plan has been revised.
6Successful 2nd Stage of Fusion Energy Development Plan Fostering Korean industry and human resources via KSTARITER Construction
TF Conductor DeliveryKAT
 Successful KSTAR operation

7

Korean Fusion Energy Development Plan and ITER DelayVision

Secure sustainable new energy source by technological development
and the commercialization of fusion energy

Phase

Phase 1 (’07~’11)

Policy Goal

Establishment of a foundation
for fusion energy development

BasicDirections

 Acquisition of operating technology
 High-performance plasma operation
for the KSTA
in KSTAR and preparations of the Participation in the international joint ITER Operation
construction of ITER
 Completion of ITER and acquisition
 Establishment of a system for theof core technology
development of fusion reactor
 Development of core technology forengineering technology
the design of DEMO

Basic Promotion
Plan

Basic Promotion Plan 1 (’07~‘11)

Phase 2 (’12~’21)
Development of coretechnology for DEMO

Basic Promotion
Plan 2 (‘12~‘16)

Basic Promotion
Plan 3 (‘17~‘21)

Phase 3 (’22~’36)
Acquiring construction capabilityof fusion power plants DEMO design, construction, anddemonstration of electricity production
 Undertaking of a key role in ITER operations
 Completion of reactor core and system designof the fusion power reactor
 Commercialization of fusion technology
Basic promotionBasic promotionBasic promotion
plan 4 (‘22~‘26) plan 5 (‘27~‘31) plan 6 (‘32~‘36)

8Technical Readiness for DEMO
Korea

EUDEMO

Physics &Simulation

Physics &Simulation
Safety &Licensing

10090807060504030
20100

Fuel Cycle
FusionSystem…

DEMO

Core
Equipment

SystemIntegration
FusionMaterials

Safety &Licensing

Fuel Cycle
FusionSystemEngineering

1009080706050403020100

Core
Equipment

SystemIntegration
FusionMaterials
9Revised Fusion Energy Development Basic Promotion Plan (2017)10K-DEMO Design & Core Technology Development (2013)
K-DEMO Conceptual Design & Core Technology Development
K-DEMO Conceptual DesignConcept
Definition(DRD)

PreConceptual
Conceptual
DesignStudy(CDR)(PCSR)Key Technology Development Program
SafetySystem
Integration

ITER
KSTAR

Tokamak
Simulator
FusionSystemEng.

FusionMaterials

HCD &Diag.

SCMagnetInternational
Related Facilities•••••

Engineering
Design&Constructionof
K-DEMO

JET, EAST …
PPPL, ORNL, KIT …
IFMIF, KOMAC …
(JT-60SA, CFETR …)…

Fusion Basic Research and HR Development Program11DEMO Core Technology Development Plan (2013)
Development of Core Technology
 Total budget of ~ 500 MUSD including major facility cost of ~150 MUSD for 7 years
 3 Major Technology Bases, 7 Core Technologies, 18 Detail Technologies and 6 Major Research Facilities Through the complete technical planning process with the full participation of experts
from all engineering fields such as nuclear, computing, mechanical, material,electrical and electronic engineering as well as fusion science.

12

Nation-wide DEMO R&D Center Planning연구부지(고자기장센터후보지)Daegu Province

Chonbuk ProvinceBusan Province

Extreme Environment Material R&D Hub- Fusion Reactor Materials R&D
Advanced Magnetic Field Center- Superconductor Magnet Test Facility
High Enthalpy Plasma Application R&D Center- Plasma-Material Interaction Test Facility etc.
13Modified Plan for DEMO Core Technology (2015)
Preparatory R&D Program for DEMO CoreTechnology Development

 Modified planwith reduced budget
 Prioritize core technologies
with leading groups
 Link with existing andplanned R&D program Utilize existing facilities andglobal fusion R&D network

Technical bases
Human resources
Two-Step Approach
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Current Structure of Korean Fusion R&D Programs

15

DEMO Preparation in the Revised Basic Promotion Plan (2017)16

KSTAR R&D Plan for DEMO
Near-term Upgrade and Research Plan in KSTAR

Y.K. Oh

17

KSTAR contribution to ITER and K-DEMO :medium beta & steady-state (ITER) and high beta (K-DEMO)

Y.K. OhDEMO Technology Development Strategy and Roadmap (2018) Secure DEMO concept and generate approximate overall project cost
Main Parameters
R = 6.8 m, a = 2.1 m
B-center = 7.4 T (peak 16T)

 Establish DEMO roadmap with its technology development strategy
 Present ITER cost may tell order of magnitude for the DEMO plant cost.
 ITER schedule is not any more ticking clock for DEMO.
 Linkage of human and industrial resources from KSTAR to ITER tells that
there is a critical transition time to DEMO.
We may need some kind of Mid-Entry strategy for DEMO!
19

Lessons Learned from ITER for Fast-Track DEMO Roadmap
 ITER 1st plasma and DT operation schedule becomes difficult to get along with theDEMO roadmap in the Korean fusion energy development plan.
H.G. Lee(NFRI) Risks related to TBM are still remain severe in this plan.

Phase 3 (’22~’36)

DEMO construction?

 Linkage of human and industrial resources from KSTAR to ITER tells a critical transition time to DEMO.
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 We cannot delay DEMO schedule by following ticking clock of ITER schedule.

Update DEMO Technology Development Strategy (under Discussion)
 Full power plant demonstration may be in the form of international
consortium while developed core technologies are integrated into asimulator-based demonstration as a back-up option.
 Core technology development plan will be pursued by concentrating on
selected critical items with relevant facilities. Global fusion network andindustrial infra via ITER need to be utilized.
Critical Facilities
KSTAR

Important Tasks․Operation Scenario + advanced divertor

Full Tokamak Simulator․Full power plant validation, design and license tools

Superconducting Magnet․High temperature superconducting magnets

Fusion Neutron Sources + MSR ․Component test facility, tritium production
IFMIF (+ POSCO)․Material development with irradiation facility

21

Updated DEMO Core Technology Development Strategy
Superconducting Conductor Test (SUCCEX) Facility■ SUCCEX (SUperConducting Conductor EXperiment)• Background field : 16 Tesla••

Split-pair Solenoid Magnet System
Inner-bore Size : ~ 1 m• Two Test Modes : Sultan-like sample test mode
 Semi-circle type conductor sample test mode

High-Temperature Superconducting Magnet Development
Joint development with SMES energy storage system
22Thank you for your attention !
K-DEMO Plant by 2040 ?

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Requests from the Committee Current view of Korean strategy toward developing fusion power plant Any lessons learned from the formulation of the 2005 national roadmap forfusion, the value of legislation to support fusion energy research anddevelopment, and how the Korean strategic plan has evolved over time Views of role of international partnership in fusion energy research,
including participation in the ITER project and research plans for KSTAR Any strategic approaches that might further strengthen or accelerate
fusion energy development as an economical energy source of electricity

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DEMO Technology Development Strategy and Roadmap (2018) Secure DEMO concept
Main Parameters
R = 6.8 m, a = 2.1 m
B-center = 7.4 T (peak 16T)

 Implications from ITER for DEMO roadmap
ITER 1st plasma and DT operation schedule becomesdifficult to get along with the DEMO roadmap in theKorean fusion energy development plan.
More realistic plans for DEMO become feasible. Manyrisks and possibilities have been identified.
Linkage of human and industrial resources from
KSTAR to ITER tells a critical transition time to DEMO.

 Update DEMO technology development strategy
Reference design of DEMO will be
continuously evolving according tothe progress of fusion-related R&D
while its design guides the R&D.

Full power plant demonstration may be in the form ofinternational consortium while developed coretechnologies are integrated into a simulator-based
demonstration as a back-up option.
Core technology development plan will be pursued byconcentrating on selected critical items. Global fusion
network and industrial infra via ITER are important.
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K-DEMO Concept Definition
Demonstrate electricity generation, tritium self-sufficiency with cost data Similar Size of ITER (engineering approach) High field approach Two stages : 2200 MWth  3000MWth Extrapolation from KSTAR and ITER operation

Reference design of DEMO will becontinuously evolving according tothe progress of fusion-related R&D
while its design guides the R&D.
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ITER Roles for DEMO
 Burning plasma physics and control
 Fusion reactor technology
 Test Blanket Module (TBM) for breeding blanket
 Tritium fuel cycle License technology
 Licensing and environmental safety, etc Code and standard
 System integration and project management technology

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