Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan

Introduc6on:
The successful Youth/mayors dialogue was co-organized and implemented by the GCoM
Japan Secretariat and the European Union DelegaKon (EUD) on June 7th, 2023 at the EUD
auditorium in Tokyo. Although this event was the ﬁrst of its kind, it was very successful andplanned to be repeated at least once a year.
The Ambassador of the EUD to Japan, representaKves from Japan’s Ministry ofEnvironment, 8 Japanese city Mayors (Tomiya, Usa, Yamagata, Kushima, Tokorozawa, Yosano,
Yoichi, and Niseko) and working-level oﬃcials of these local governments, 8 speakers
represenKng the following organisaKons G7/G20 Youth Japan, Climate Youth Japan, Change
Our Next Decade, Japan Youth Pla[orm for Sustainability, Nagoya University, independent
acKvists, as well as other youth observers associated with these networks parKcipated in the
dialogue.
The aim was to discuss opportuniKes, challenges and provide recommendaKons on ways
to make climate and sustainability policies and acKons parKcipatory and more inclusive at
local level. The intergeneraKonal aspect of climate and sustainability policies needs to be
reﬂected in strong meaningful youth engagement at all stages of decision-making processes.
The dialogue backbone was based on two main panels:
1. Mobility and Energy TransiKon
2. AdaptaKon, Advocacy, and Biodiversity
In each of these panels, ﬁrst, youth speakers talked about the issues concerning the themeof the session and raised quesKons that later were discussed by mayors, the EU Ambassador,
and the representaKve of Japan’s Ministry of Environment. Every speech and discussion wererecorded graphically. The following is a summary of the discussed issues.

1Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan

Opening:
Ambassador Paquet (EUD):
EU Ambassador Paquet opened the event by showing his excitement and enthusiasm
about the dialogue. He talked about the undergoing city-level transformaKons in Europe foraddressing the mulKfaceted challenge of climate change; the so-called "ciKes' mission"
seeking climate neutrality by 2030. Ambassador pointed out the eﬀorts of 100 European ciKes
deeply transforming their energy, food, mobility, waste management, and nearby industries
by connecKng technology and research to empower ciKes and communiKes. By 2030, manyciKes are expected to achieve their goals, inspiring others and leading to a substanKal
reducKon in CO2 emissions for Europe. Mr. Paquet elaborated on the importance of cityadministraKons with ciKzens to develop and implement plans, ensuring meaningful impact
driven by the populaKon. At the end of his opening remarks, Ambassador highlighted thesigniﬁcance of this mission in Europe and potenKal usefulness in Japan, making his
parKcipaKon in the session exciKng as he could learn about ongoing city developments andthe expectaKons of young Japanese for faster change.

Marjan (Moderator, GCoM Japan):
Following the opening remarks, the moderator(Ms. Marjan from the GCoM Japan Secretariat)
started panel 1: Mobility and Energy TransiKon. In
the following, you may ﬁnd a brief overview ofwhat the four Youth speakers of this panel talked
about and what quesKons they raised for the
discussion part with the mayors, EU Ambassador
and the representaKve of Japan’s Ministry ofEnvironment. Due to Kme limitaKons, we asked all
speakers to limit their speech/comment Kme to a
maximum of three minutes and (special thanks to
Yoshihiro, our Kme-keeper, a student from
Nagoya University).

2Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan

Panel 1: Mobility and Energy Transi6on
Speakers:(Name of the speaker is conﬁdenEal) (G7/G20 Youth Japan):
The balance between the 3 Es (Environment, Economy, and Energy Security) is crucial for
all countries globally. Mobility requires a delicate equilibrium of economic and environmental
consideraKons. Developing countries beneﬁt from subsidies to encourage EV adopKon, whiledeveloped naKons face challenges with charging infrastructure in rural areas. Japan's
mountainous landscape presents obstacles for solar energy generaKon compared to European
countries. RealisKc decarbonizaKon policies are necessary, and developed naKons should
support developing countries. I have three quesKons, but I will propose one of them:• Please tell us what you are doing and what you feel are the challenges (diﬃculKes) inincorporaKng the global agenda discussed in internaKonal frameworks such as G7 and G20
into local government policies.
Chie (Nagoya University):
How we should change ciKes to become climate
neutral? How urban planning should be created toprevent climate change becoming serious?
There is very liile descripKon in Local
governments’ urban planning about carbon neutrality
and no alignment with their CAPs. Also, numericalevidence is scarce and many LGs think that byswitching from private cars to public transport, theissue of Climate Change can be resolved. My quesKon
to you is:• What should we do to create urban plans that
can achieve decarbonizaKon?
Yuma (Nagoya University):
I am doing research on the decarbonizaKon of thetransport system. Is sKcking to the CASE (connected,
automated, smart and electric) will reduce carbon
emissions? Not necessarily. An empty train is not the
decarbonized image we wish to achieve. We areresearching the CO2 emission throughout the whole life
cycle of transportaKon means which can lead to
Evidence-Based Policy Making (EBPM). Local authoriKes
always want to know how to calculate the CO2 emissions.
If there is a simple calculaKon method, this tool will be
helpful. My quesKon is:•
What is needed for a transport system that ﬁts
the characterisKcs of each region?

3

Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan
Haruki (Climate Youth Japan):With youth leading the way, we can have an
equitable and sustainable society (this is our vision).
An input we have study sessions and as for the
output, we will make policy recommendaKons. For
study sessions, we will have 7 diﬀerent themes. For
occasional acKviKes, we dispatch youth toConference of Youth (COY) which is the COP version
and we host events and contribute to panels. Today’s
theme is Mobility and energy transiKon. Given thefact the building infrastructure is in the hands of local
and naKonal authoriKes, we also need to have civic
engagement for a successful implementaKon ofclimate plans. In terms of ciKzens’ environmental
awareness, we can help the LGs with the civic society
engagements. My quesKons to the mayors are:
• Do you oﬀer any kind of environmental educaKon?
Discussion:
Ambassador Paquet (EUD):The G7/G20 and Hiroshima summit declaraKon address
climate and environment ambiKously, semng targets for windand solar energy deployment. CollaboraKon between Europe
and Japan is vital. Europe's legislaKon mandates reducing CO2
emissions below 55% by 2030. The 2050 goal is losing relevance.
Mayors face the challenge of aligning broad policy objecKveswith speciﬁc requirements. is an exciKng opportunity to drive
transformaKve change and foster ownership. That is why if I
were not the Ambassador, I would like to be a mayor! I lookforward to hearing examples from all.
Mayor Wako (Tomiya City):
Tomiya achieved city status on Oct. 10th, 2016, andiniKated city planning through round table discussions
with ciKzens. SDGs promoKon was a key focus, with
iniKaKves for all 17 goals in our comprehensive plan. Weemphasize the importance of transforming ciKzens'
behavior and raised environmental awareness through abooklet distribuKon. Due to the absence of railways, werely on cars for mobility but have implemented hydrogenbuses through collaboraKon with Miyagi Kotsu, Miyagi
prefecture, and the Ministry of Environment. EVs serve as
our oﬃcial city council cars, and we have plans for a future
railway service. Our environmental educaKon includes

4Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan
elementary school students raising bees, science fairs, and showcasing the supply chain to
ciKzens.
Mayor Katayama (Niseko Town):

Regarding the internaKonal framework, we mustemphasize the importance of concrete acKons forenvironmental work. In Niseko, we have implemented
several measures:• New houses must meet high insulaKon
standards.
• We issue SDGs cerKﬁcates.
• Hotels are required to promote environmental
policies due to our status as a resort town.
• A corporaKon and a trading ﬁrm were
established to handle urban planning and forest
resource management, respecKvely, as we cannot
oversee everything and must involve ciKzens.
• We formed a commiiee for children's town planning and distributed an SDGs booklet
to elementary schools, along with environmental educaKon.
• In terms of transportaKon, local governments naKonwide should embrace newchallenges without fearing mistakes.
• Our goal is to create a society that is open to ambiKous objecKves.
Marjan (Moderator, GCoM Japan):
I really like your phrase of “not fearing of making mistakes”. I think that that is really
important.
Mayor Shimada (Kushima City):
As for the G7, awareness raising is top priority forus, and that is one of the reasons we declared net
zero.
• A carbon sink cerKﬁcaKon system was
implemented to raise awareness among ciKzens
regarding the materials used in house building.
• Energy security is a priority, parKcularly for our
aging populaKon, and storage baieries play a crucialrole in transportaKon systems.
• In Kushima, promoKng agriculture while
reducing carbon emissions is essenKal, given its
agricultural economy.
• PromoKng aﬀorestaKon is important.
• MulK-level governance and collaboraKon are
crucial for eﬀecKve environmental eﬀorts.
• Strong leadership is needed to prioriKze environmental prosperity over economic
development.

5Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan
Director Kino (Ministry of Environment, Japan):
We collaborate with local governments in the Ministry ofEnvironment to achieve decarbonizaKon in urban planningand transportaKon systems. Urban planning presents uniquechallenges that require innovaKve approaches. By 2030,
Japan aims to have 500 leading areas focused on
decarbonizaKon across various sectors, includingtransportaKon. The poliKcal leadership of mayors is crucial inestablishing visions, policies, allocaKng budgets, andassembling the right staﬀ. Breaking down silos and fosteringcollaboraKon among stakeholders from diﬀerent sectors isvital, and mayors play a pivotal role in this process. The
Ministry of Environment provides support for plan
implementaKon.
Marjan (Moderator, GCoM Japan):
We do not have much Kme but since this is a round-table discussion, it makes sense to havefollow-up quesKons/comments (perhaps from the youth speakers or the observers). I
encourage you to use this short Kme; we may have 30 seconds for each person. Any bravevolunteers?
Follow-up quesEons/comments
Lina (Japan Youth PlaWorm for Sustainability):
Mayor Katayama, please elaborate on the children’s town planning in Niseko, what is theprocess?
Mayor Katayama (Niseko Town):
We usually call upon some elementary and junior high school students and those who
applied could be part of this organizaKon. We also have a children’s assembly. We will holdstudy sessions in nature or e.g., the compost center where kitchen waste is turned into
ferKlizer and we discuss such maiers with children and repeat such events annually.
Haruki (Climate Youth Japan):My quesKon is for Mayor Wako. You said a paper booklet was distributed, but is this formof informaKon disseminaKon sustainable?
Mayor Wako (Tomiya City):
You are right, booklet is printed but we thought this would be the best approach for ouraudience from children to the elderly to understand the topic.
Marjan (Moderator, GCoM Japan):Thank you everyone for this deligh[ul exchange of thoughts. Although we seek taking more
quesKons from the ﬂoor, especially the observers, the Kme is running short and we had tomove to panel 2.

6Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan
Lina (Japan Youth PlaWorm for Sustainability):
JYPS is an organizaKon that collects Japanese youth
voices and facilitates meaningful engagement throughpolicy proposals. Individuals under 30 years old andyouth groups/organizaKons can parKcipate and network
through our pla[orm. Both naKonal and internaKonal
Acts recognize the importance of children's voices (ages
15 to 30). Understanding the diverse age groups andbeing ﬂexible is key to engaging youth, considering theirvarious educaKonal and employment statuses.
CreaKng a safe space that promotes representaKon,
diversity, and inclusivity is essenKal for youth to speak up.
We collaborate with the Ministry of Foreign Aﬀairs to
implement SDGs. While youth acKvaKon is crucial,meaningful engagement is achieved through the
involvement of a large number of young people. Therefore, my quesKon to the leader is:• What or how will meaningful youth engagement be in your city?
Sayaka (Human AcEvist):

Does the lifestyle of Japanese youth hinder their acKve
involvement in environmental issues? In Japan, there is alack of systemaKc educaKon on climate change. However,during my internships in Denmark and the UK, I personallyexperienced learning about ecology through pracKcal
engagement. We need ﬂexibility and space for reﬂecKon in
the learning process. To address this, I moved to Minakami
town in Gunma last year to establish a green school. In
Japan, environmental and climate issues are oten treatedas distant problems, using complex terminology. While
behavior change is necessary, each individual must feel apersonal responsibility for the environment. Without thismindset, nothing will change.
Our lifestyle inﬂuences our decisions and vice versa. That's why I believe a green school canbridge the gap between nature and people, as well as between the body and mind. Therefore,
we seek ﬁnancial and human support for this project. Many young people do not perceive
themselves as having inﬂuence over decisions concerning their living environment. EducaKonoﬀers an opportunity for youth to become more acKvely engaged.
Marjan (Moderator, GCoM Japan):Thank you Sayaka for building on your experience. What you said is aligned what
Ambassador Paquet highlighted about acKons being designed and owned by people which
inherently has the item of ﬂexibility and systemaKc approach in it.
Takakazu (G7/G20 Youth Japan):
I chaired the environmental track of the Y7 summit. I also represented Japan in last year’s
Y20 Indonesia. One of the main quesKons of the Y7 communique is “how to create an inclusive
world”. Climate change is impacKng everyone but not equally.

7

Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan
There are many teenagers in Tokyo, Nagoya, etc. who
spend the night in the streets. Heat waves are becoming
more frequent with devastaKng eﬀects. So, it is criKcal tosupport such young people in need.
On another note, biodiversity can airact tourism andboos economy. However, tourism can negaKvely aﬀect
biodiversity and local people’s lives.
Lastly, I would like to highlight the urgency fordeveloping a system to work together with theadministraKve sector. CommuKng is becoming more andmore diﬃcult. So, providing online services could be akey, not only for the users of such services but also for
local employees. This can make our society more
resilient. These are the issues I wish to discuss. My
quesKon is:• Given the inequality in the impact of climate change, how can local governments
increase the support for the vulnerable to climate change (e.g., homeless people)?
Kotoko (Change Our Next Decade):

I want to make three points here:1.
We need to have intergeneraKonal equity
perspecKves incorporated in the promoKon of policies inthe environmental ﬁeld.
2.
We need to make sure that climate change
miKgaKon and biodiversity conservaKon are balanced.
3.
We need to have synergies among 2030 Paris
framework and Montreal framework.
We are also part of JYPS and we collaborate with CYJ(Climate Youth Japan). We have witnessed severe
biodiversity loss in the past 50 years. Climate change andbiodiversity conservaKon should go hand in hand. There
are synergies and trade-oﬀs. To achieve the SDGs, we needto have more balanced acKon. Around 45% of Japanesepeople are aware of climate change urgency but only less than 2% recognize biodiversity issue
as a crisis. Biodiversity loss is always caused by human acKvity. So, it is not only climate, butalso biodiversity that needs to be mainstreamed. My quesKon is:• Is there a movement to simultaneously promote climate change measures andbiodiversity conservaKon? If so, what speciﬁc measures are being implemented?
Discussion:
Mayor Yamazoe (Yosano Town):
Yosano Town thrives on agriculture and texKle, with a focus on circular agriculture. We
produce 100% organic ferKlizer, which is uKlized in 20% of our farmlands, fostering acooperaKve relaKonship between the local government and farmers for a harmonious
coexistence of agriculture and nature. These eﬀorts have resulted in the return of rare birds,

8Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan
shrimp, and insects to our town, contribuKng to climatechange adaptaKon and biodiversity conservaKon.
Climate change impacts vary across diﬀerent areas of
Yosano Town. Mountainous regions like Satoyama suﬀer
from heavy rain damage, underscoring the importance offorest management to protect vulnerable residents. We
employ advanced technology to beier understand ourforested areas and acKvely engage with ciKzens in
responding to climate change. This dialogue provides an
excellent opportunity to share perspecKves with the youth,
and we extend an invitaKon to visit our town, conveniently
located near Kyoto City.
Marjan (Moderator, GCoM Japan):Thank you, Mayor Yamazoe. I think what you said about the organic ferKlizer, forest andeducaKon were examples of the out-of-the-box thinking as director Kino from the Ministry ofEnvironment also menKoned earlier.
Mayor Saito (Yoichi Town):

The quesKons raised are interconnected with social
issues. How can we engage youth, foster ﬂexible
educaKon, and build resilience? Also, what about theunequal environmental impact? As the mayor of a small
town, disKnct from urban areas like Tokyo, there is a
noKceable gap in discussions between local communiKes
and urban centers. Social issues like silver democracy andgeneraKonal gaps lie at the core. Some municipaliKes havea majority elderly populaKon, resulKng in policies primarily
catering to their needs. However, with eﬀecKvemanagement, these policies can be redirected towards the
youth, although there is a potenKal risk.
Youth parKcipaKon in policy-making is crucial forshaping the future, a common theme across municipaliKes. Youth involvement varies, withcompeKng radical and conservaKve groups, but the majority tends toward inacKon. Raisingawareness and organizing enlightening acKviKes can encourage youth to take responsibility
for the planet, fostering a more sustainable society.
Marjan (Moderator, GCoM Japan):Thank you, Mayor Saito for touching upon the diﬀerences between rural and urban areas.
Lina, I think Mayor Saito already answered to one of your concerns about the youth
engagement risks.
Mayor Hayashi (Yamagata City):Three years ago, I learned about "decarbonizaKon" and "SDGs" during a City Council Q&A
session. Over the past three years, Yamagata has undergone a transformaKon. We
implemented a successful park-and-ride model at bus terminals, providing free parking toencourage bus usage, resulKng in over 2,000 riders in two years. Our decarbonizaKon Council,

9Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan
involving local businesses, has held six meeKngs to
discuss
individual
strategies
forpromoKng
decarbonizaKon.
Furthermore, we have made school lunches free ofcharge and are exploring the possibility of oﬀeringorganically-grown rice-based lunches in municipal
nursery schools. We have also established a partnershipsystem for city cleanup programs, collaboraKng withciKzens and corporate members who pick up liier.
Expanding youth parKcipaKon is crucial, and we engage
young families through dedicated awareness-raisingcounters during city events and fesKvals.
Mayor Korenaga (Usa City):

We incenKvized the adopKon of EVs by granKng
subsidies of up to 100,000 JY to 38 users, along with theneed for charging infrastructure. Subsidies of the sameamount are provided for home chargers and storage
baieries. Corporate users can apply through a thirdparty organizaKon, though meeKng the requirements
can be challenging. AddiKonally, we promote measuresagainst global warming and environmental protecKon,oﬀering a 50,000 JY subsidy to one organizaKon.
Our designaKon as an Agricultural World Heritage sitehighlights Kunisaki Peninsula's exemplary circular
agricultural economy. The chestnut tree forest serves asa catchment area for river water used in agriculture. Our
systemaKc approach, alongside tradiKonal agriculture,
has been instrumental in preserving biodiversity in Usa.
We are also proud to have one of the world's top 100 rice terraces, and restoraKon projects
have involved the parKcipaKon of high school and college students.
Director Kino (MoE Japan):The discussions were thought-provoking. MoE Japan focuses on consolidaKng natureposiKve climate acKon and biodiversity preservaKon post-COP27. We are exploring renewableenergy, deforestaKon, and biodiversity with a uniﬁed viewpoint. DeforestaKon negaKvely
impacts carbon sinks. Youth parKcipaKon in policy-making is crucial, and we've gathered manyideas thus far. The key is envisioning the country/city we desire, with youth playing an
inﬂuenKal role. CreaKng markets aligned with biodiversity and climate change measures arevital, with youth's impact on the economy being signiﬁcant. Expanding the circle of willing andambiKous individuals is necessary, and the administraKve sector should facilitate close
cooperaKon.
Ambassador Paquet (EUD):
The trip around Japan was wonderful. I couldn't ﬁnd one municipality when I searched on
Google. Where is Usa City located? I hope to conKnue these conversaKons and support themas much as possible. Regarding biodiversity advocacy and the doughnut economy, silver

10Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan
democracy is an important consideraKon oten
overlooked in public policy. Advocacy should harness
both the energy of youth and the involvement of theelderly. In Europe, the impact of Greta Thunberg on
public policy has been profound, leading to signiﬁcantenvironmental
transformaKon.
DemonstraKons
involving not only youth but also many others havebeen remarkable.
Biodiversity poses a signiﬁcant challenge, oten
underesKmated compared to climate change. While
climate change receives global aienKon, biodiversity's
importance is not fully understood, parKcularly inEurope. Nature-based soluKons, as discussed bymayors, oﬀer the beneﬁts of miKgaKon, adaptaKon,and biodiversity promoKon in urban environments. The COVID-19 lockdowns showed how
quickly nature can rebound, ﬂourishing in parks we couldn't access. This oﬀers opKmism andhope. PrioriKzing nature-based soluKons creates more pleasant and livable ciKes, aligningwith the poliKcal goals of such eﬀorts.
As mayors, leaders, poliKcians, and diplomats, the main challenge lies in determining ourcompass and the focus of public policies and societal mobilizaKon. In the past, the compass
was simply growth and development, which made sense at the Kme. However, tradiKonal
economic terms no longer suﬃce for today's world. We need a smarter compass, one thatconsiders the doughnut economy concept. This approach broadens the idea of growth by
deﬁning an outer circle represenKng the planet's limits in terms of biodiversity, water, andCO2, and an inner circle focused on societal well-being, health, educaKon, and quality of life.
Public policies should aim to place society within this doughnut, avoiding exceeding theplanet's limits. Climate change is a human problem, and the doughnut economy oﬀers afascinaKng perspecKve to approach policy-making by reevaluaKng instruments andconstraints. I share this insight as someone with a background in research and innovaKon,ﬁnding it immensely intriguing.
Marjan (Moderator, GCoM Japan):Thank you, Ambassador for your remarkable insights. I think there was plenty of food forthought in your speech for everyone in this room. Any ﬁnal quesKons or comments from theaudience?
Follow-up quesEons/comments
Lina (Japan Youth PlaWorm for Sustainability):
It is inspiring that youth in Europe changed the world. hope that we could also educate theyouth in Japan and acKvely engage them.

Closing:
Director Kino (MoE Japan):
I want to express graKtude to the EU Ambassador and the organizers. The measures sharedby ciKes and youth organizaKons provide encouragement to our ministry. ReﬂecKng on my11

Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan
ﬁrst aiendance at the EUD years ago, discussions on strategies with EU, industry, and businessin Japan helped us adopt carbon neutrality as our compass in 2019. There is signiﬁcant poliKcal
will behind this, and substanKal changes are happening, driven parKcularly by ciKes andmayors. DecarbonizaKon needs to be integrated into daily life. The youth's message of limiKng
temperature rise to 1.5 degrees has been a powerful source of support and inspiraKon for our
ministry. Today's opportunity to listen to ideas contributes to envisioning a society that we
can take pride in.
Secretary-General Sugiyama (GCoM Japan):Thank you everyone for such in-depth discussion. At
this moment, we have 42 pledged municipaliKes, but if we
can recruit more members, we can change more things
and with more power.
We need not to forget that it is not all about CO2
emissions. We need to have a comprehensive approach.
As a mayor you have the power to change things.
I look forward to have similar discussions in the near
future with you.
Also, I would like to thank the interpreters and thegraphical recorder. We will share the illustraKons(graphical recordings with everyone later.
Marjan (Moderator, GCoM Japan):Thank you so much everyone. This dialogue was a remarkable moment for us in the sensethat we brought together all these diﬀerent stakeholders. Building on what Ambassador
Paquet and Director Kino said, I would like to add that let’s look for the compass in our daily
lives, no maier what role/posiKon we have. We should seize every moment and act upon
what we believe in and disseminate it to the people around us.

The End12

Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan

Appendix
1. Graphical recordings of panel 1 (JP)
1.1 Speeches

1.2 Discussion

13Youth/Mayors Dialogue at the European Union Delega6on, Tokyo
June 7, 2023, Report by Marjan

2. Graphical recordings of panel 2 (JP)
2.1 Speeches

2.2 Discussion

14