HDS07-01

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

Spatial and temporal distribution of heavy rainfall during 9-10 September 2015 in East
Kanto region, Japan*Shakti P.C.1, Tsuyoshi Nakatani1, Ryohei Misumi1, Koyuru Iwanami1, Masayuki Maki2, Takeshi Maesaka1, Kohin Hirano1
1.Storm, Flood and Landslide Research Unit, Department of Monitoring and Forecasting Research,
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster prevention (NIED), 2.ERCDP, Kagoshima
University
East Kanto region of Japan experienced a record heavy rainfall on 09-10 September 2015, caused
severe damage of life and properties. Rainfall amount of this event was recorded by AutomatedMeteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) rain gauges at every 10 minute time interval. The
maximum 24-hrs rainfall (0600 UTC 09 Sept 2015 to 0600 UTC 10 Sept 2015) was reached about 500 mm
in some part of the Tochigi prefecture. Estimated rainfall rate from Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) C-band radar and X-band polarimetric Radar Information Network (XRAIN) are also available forthe event at different scale. Spatial and temporal resolution of JMA radar data are 1000-m and5-min and for XRAIN radar, it is 250-m and 1-min. Both estimated radar rainfall data were comparedwith rain gauge data to examine their performance.
Based on 24-hrs total rainfall, JMA and XRAIN radar display different rainfall distribution
especially in the case of higher rain intensities. Both radar data do not show the dependency ofrainfall with respect to elevation for this case. In higher rainfall zone of the event, JMA radar
rainfall is overestimated. XRAIN radar reflects some underestimation especially over mountainregion, but it provides close rainfall with rain gauge data in the rest part of the Kanto region.
XRAIN also shows remarkable variation of rainfall with respect to time but, it is almost notpossible to get such information from the JMA radar because of its coarse spatial and temporal
resolution observation.
Keywords: Radar rainfall, Heavy rainfall, Spatial and temporal variation, Frequency distribution,
Rain gauge©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-01 -HDS07-02

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

Osaka Urban Phased Array Radar and Lightning Network Experiment
Osaka Urban Phased Array Radar and Lightning Network Experiment*牛尾 知雄1、菊池 博史1、嶋村 重治1、Wu Ting1、吉田 智2*Tomoo Ushio1, Hiroshi Kikuchi1, Shigeharu Shimamura1, Ting Wu1, Satoru Yoshida2
1.大阪大学大学院工学研究科情報通信工学部門、2.気象研究所
1.Information and communication engineering department, Osaka University, 2.MRIOsaka University, Toshiba and the Osaka Local Government started a new project to create the Osaka
Urban Demonstration Network. The main sensors of the Osaka Network are 2-node Phased Array Radar
Network and Broadband Observation Network for Lightning and Thunderstorm. Data products which are
created both in locally and Toshiba Computer Cloud, include single and multi-radar data, vector
wind, quantitative precipitation estimation, VIL, Lightning location, nowcasting, and analysis.
These new products are transferred to Osaka Local Government in operational mode and evaluated byseveral section in Osaka Prefecture.
キーワード：Radar、Lightning
Keywords: Radar, Lightning©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-02 -HDS07-03

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

Airborne campaign using LCTF multi-spectral camera in the Philippines
Airborne campaign using LCTF multi-spectral camera in the Philippines*石田 哲朗1、高橋 幸弘1、Paringit Enrico2、Perez Gay3
*Tetsuro Ishida1, Yukihiro Takahashi1, Enrico Paringit2, Gay Jane Perez3
1.Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University、2.College of Engineering, University of the Philippines
Diliman、3.Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines
Diliman
1.Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, 2.College of Engineering, University of the Philippines
Diliman, 3.Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines
Diliman
The airborne campaign using the Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter (LCTF) multi-spectral camera has been
conducted in the Philippines on August 2015 and March 2016. In this campaign, a simultaneous groundvalidation using spectrometer as well as an on-site discerning of vegetation types were carriedout. The main purpose of this campaign is the spectral data acquisition and validation for thePhilippine Scientific Earth Observation Microsatellite (PHL-MICROSAT).
The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and University of the Philippines-Diliman (UPD)
have started an international joint program for the development of microsatellites with two
Japanese universities, Hokkaido and Tohoku University. The LCTF is a light weight (80 g) and small
size (30mm cube) component for spectroscopy, developed by Hokkaido University, was applied for theSpaceborne Multi-spectral Imager (SMI) mounted on the Philippines’ first microsatellite, Diwata-1.
As the spectrum of vegetation includes several kinds of information such as vegetation types andgrowth stages, forests and agricultural crops have been studied using spectral instruments in past
publications [e.g., Schmidt and Skidmore, 2003; Shibayama and Watanabe, 2007]. Besides, it is wellknown that such spectral information changes due to several observational factors, such as theinfluence of specular reflection, difference of spatial resolution and also varying weather
condition at the time of acquisition [e.g., Shaw and Burke 2003; Peltoniemi et al., 2015].
In order to evaluate the LCTF spectral image, we compared the spectral data obtained by the LCTF
camera with that of other sensors, and investigated the characteristic of the LCTF spectral image.
In this paper, we report the latest results and discuss the relationship between these spectral
data.
キーワード：超小型衛星、スペクトル計測
Keywords: Microsatellite, Spectral measurement©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-03 -HDS07-04

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

Impacts of extreme climate events on coastal environment: A case study from Southwest Sea
in Vietnam*Minh Duc Ngo1, Junichi Kurihara1
1.Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University.
Climate change related to emission of greenhouse gas from human activities is the most importantenvironmental problem of twenty-first century. Such climate change maybe influence to marine
ecosystems through extreme weather events like El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), or monsoon
causing damage on both fishery and aquaculture. Therefore, the relationship between climate events(such as Monsoon, ENSO) and the variation of marine environment can be used as a proxy to accessthe damage of climate change on marine ecosystems. However, the mechanisms linking climate eventsand ecosystem change depend on geographical features, and are difficult to identify due to thesynergistic effects of multiple climates and stressors. To understand the response of marine
ecosystem to the variation of climate events, satellite remote-sensing data, in-situ observations,and climate indices data in Southwest Sea of Vietnam are combined to examine the spatio-temporal
distribution of environment factors for a long period (2002-2012). Beside that, statisticalanalysis was also implemented to test whether the relationship between paired factors. By combining
the results with meteorological knowledge, mechanisms driving the variation of marine ecosystem inthis region were explored and discussed.
Keywords: Climate Change, Remote Sensing, El Nino Southern Oscillation, Monsoon, Coastal
environment©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-04 -HDS07-05

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

Relation between charge amounts of lightning discharges derived from ELF waveform data andsevere weather
Relation between charge amounts of lightning discharges derived from ELF waveform data andsevere weather*清水 千春1、佐藤 光輝1、高橋 幸弘1、土屋 史紀2、本郷 保二3、阿部 修司4、吉川 顕正4*Chiharu Shimizu1, Mitsuteru Sato1, Yukihiro Takahashi1, Fuminori Tsuchiya2, Yasuji Hongo3, Shuji
Abe4, Akimasa Yoshikawa4
1.北海道大学、2.東北大学、3.東北電力、4.九州大学
1.Hokkaido University, 2.Tohoku University, 3.Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc., 4.Kyushu University
In order to measure the lightning currents and to estimate charge amounts, induction magnetic coils
named as Rogowski coils installed at tall towers are generally used. However, such Rogowski coils
can measure only the lightning discharges directly hitting the towers. Recently, it is shown that
the ELF magnetic field waveforms measured at the 300 km distance from the lightning is comparable
to the lightning current waveforms. Therefore, the charge amounts of any lightning discharges
occurring within the area where the induction magnetic fields are measured can be easily estimatedfrom ELF waveforms by quantitatively evaluating the relation between ELF waveforms and the current
waveforms. Lightning discharges usually occur within active thunderclouds, and previous studies
suggested that there are close relations between lightning activities and severe meteorologicalphenomena. However, in these studies, only the occurrence frequencies of lightning discharges are
considered to estimate such relation. As lightning is a discharge phenomenon, it is more important
to investigate the relation between electrical properties of lightning discharges, such aspolarities, peak currents, and charge amounts, and the meteorological parameters of the severe
weather.
In this study, the lightning current waveforms measured by a Rogowski coil installed at Mt. Ogami
and ELF waveforms measured at Onagawa observatory are analyzed as a first step. To validate thesimilarity between current waveforms and ELF waveforms, we investigated the correlation of these
two waveforms. Then, the average correlation coefficient and standard deviation are estimated to be
r=-0.84 and σ=0.14, respectively. This result indicates that there are high similarities between
these two waveforms. From these quantitative analyses, empirical equations that enable us todirectly convert from the magnetic field intensities into the charge amounts were obtained.
As a next step, using ELF waveform data obtained at Kuju station in Kyushu and lightning data of
the Japan Lightning Detection Network (JLDN), charge amounts for the lightning discharges occurring
when down bursts were confirmed in the Kanto Plain are estimated by applying the empiricalequations. Then, we newly found a clear characteristics showing that the time variation of charge
amounts was drastically changed just before the downburst onset. At the presentation, we will show
the results in one down burst event more in detail, and we will also show the statistical resultsfor other downburst events.
キーワード：雷Keywords: lightning©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-05 -HDS07-06

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

シビア気象の規模発達直前予測を目指すアジア域での雷放電励起ELF波動観測計画
Future Observations of Lightning-exciting ELF Waves in Asian Region for the Nowcasting of
Severe Weather Development*佐藤 光輝1、清水 千春2、土屋 史紀3、本間 規泰4、本郷 保二4、高橋 幸弘1*Mitsuteru Sato1, Chiharu Shimizu2, Fuminori Tsuchiya3, Noriyasu Honma4, Yasuji Hongo4, Yukihiro
Takahashi1
1.北海道大学 大学院理学研究院、2.北海道大学 大学院理学院、3.東北大学 大学院理学研究科 惑星プラズ
マ・大気研究センター、4.東北電力
1.Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, 2.Department of Cosmosciences, Hokkaido University,
3.Planetary Plasma and Atmospheric Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University,
4.Tohoku Electric Power Company
We analyzed the characteristics of the electromagnetic waves in the ELF range measured near thelightning discharges (~300 km distance) and compared them to the lightning current waveform
measured by Rogowski coils. From these data analyses, it is found that the shape of the ELF
magnetic field waveforms is highly correlated with that of the lightning current waveform, which
implies that the measured ELF magnetic field is not the radiative magnetic field but the induction
magnetic field. By appropriately scaling the ELF magnetic field waveform and by integrating the
waveform, we can estimate the lightning current waveform and the charge amount of any lightning
discharges occurring within ~1000 km range from the observation site. Recently, it is shown thatthe charge amount of the lighting discharges derived from the ELF waveform data and its temporalvariation may become a good proxy to nowcast severe weather development [Shimizu et al., 2015;
presented at this meeting]. The estimation of the lightning charge amount is also useful toevaluate the damage on the urban information and communication technology (ICT) systems caused bylightning discharges. From these reasons, we have installed ELF observation system at two
observation sites in Japan. In Asian region, the VLF observation system (AVON) was alreadyinstalled to continuously monitor the lightning activities. However, the ELF observation system has
not been installed in Asian region, yet. At the presentation, the importance of the measurements ofthe ELF magnetic field waveforms will be presented. In addition, the future plan of the ELF
magnetic field waveform measurements in Asian region will be discussed.
キーワード：雷放電、ELF波動、シビア気象、直前予測
Keywords: lightning, ELF waves, severe weather, nowcasting©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-06 -HDS07-07

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

CP-SAR onboard Microsatellite for Global Land Deformation Observation*Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo1, Nobuyoshi Imura1, Robertus Heru Trihardjanto2
1.Chiba Univ., 2.LAPAN
Chiba University and Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Lapan) arecollaborating to develop Circularly Polarized Synthetic Aperture Radar (CP-SAR) onboard
microsatellite (150 kg class) for global land deformation monitoring. This paper explains the
progress report of development of CP-SAR sensors (L, C and X bands) for flight tests using unmanned
aerial vehicle (UAV) and Boeing 737-200 as microsatellite prelaunch experiments, including anechoic
chamber experiment for full polarization of CP-SAR scattering. This paper also introduces
application developments of SAR images using InSAR, DInSAR and PS-InSAR techniques for highprecision land deformation observation to monitor and predict natural disasters.
Keywords: CP-SAR, microsatellite, land deformation, InSAR, disaster©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-07 -HDS07-08

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

災害監視に最適な超小型衛星コンステレーションに関する研究
Optimum micro-satellite constellation for disaster monitoring*栗原 純一1*Junichi Kurihara1
1.北海道大学 大学院理学研究院
1.Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
Artificial satellites are generally categorized according to weight: pico-satellites (<1 kg),
nano-satellites (1-10 kg), micro-satellites (10-100 kg), mini-satellites (100-1000 kg), and large
satellites (>1000 kg). Among the above categories, micro-satellites have made the most remarkableprogress over the past few years, and a few hundred of universities, institutes, and companies havelaunched their own micro-satellites into space. A significant feature of recent micro-satellites isthat their missions are getting closer to practical applications of remote-sensing data, such as
disaster monitoring. However, due to limitations of spatial resolution and data rate, a single
micro-satellite cannot cover a large area in the same way as a larger satellite covers the Earth’s
surface globally and periodically. In addition, designed life time of micro-satellites is not solong compared with larger satellites. Therefore, a constellation of microsatellites is essentially
important, especially for disaster monitoring application that requires rapid response to thespecific disaster area. This paper reviews previous satellite constellations for disastermonitoring and discusses a micro-satellite constellation optimized for disaster monitoring.
キーワード：超小型衛星コンステレーション、災害監視
Keywords: micro-satellite constellation, disaster monitoring©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-08 -HDS07-09

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

Diwata, the Philippines first earth-observation microsatellite
Diwata, the Philippines first earth-observation microsatellite*Vergel Kaye Kristine1、Magallon Benjamin Jonah1、Ishida Tetsuro1、Takahashi Yukihiro1、Perez Gay 2、Marciano Joel 3*Kaye Kristine Vergel1, Benjamin Jonah Magallon1, Tetsuro Ishida1, Yukihiro Takahashi1, Gay Jane
Perez2, Joel Marciano3
1.Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University、2.InstituInstitute of Environmental Science andMeteorologyte of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines
Diliman、3.Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman
1.Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, 2.InstituInstitute of Environmental Science andMeteorologyte of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines Diliman,
3.Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman
Diwata, the Philippines first earth-observation microsatellite
The Philippines, a country in the southeast asia, is vulnerable to a lot of natural hazards. It is
located in the pacific ring of fire making it susceptible to earthquakes and volcanic activities.
Due to its location, the country also experiences a lot of tropical storms. In a year, on average,
about eighteen to nineteen typhoons enter the Philippine area of responsibility. Aside from thelarge volume of rainfall that these typhoon carry, it also bring strong winds. According to thePhilippines’ Climate Change Commission, from 1990 to 2006, the annual average damage of typhoons to
the agricultural sector alone amounted to 184 million USD. Driven by these hazards, the Philippine
government is continuously investing in different technologies that will help in disastermitigation and management. One of these project is the program, “Development of Philippine Earth

Observation Microsatellite (PHL-MICROSAT)”, funded through the Department of Science and Technology(DOST) which aims to build, launch and effectively utilize the Philippines’ first microsatellite
for earth-observation.
PHL-MICROSAT is a collaboration between scientists, engineers and professors from the University of
the Philippines, the Advanced Science and Technology Institute (ASTI) of the DOST and two Japanese
universities, Hokkaido and Tohoku University. Under the program, the Philippine will launch two
microsatellites. The first one, named Diwata, will be released from the International Space
Station, in the first quarter of 2016. Onboard Diwata are three scientific and one engineering
payload. The High Precision Telescope (HPT) which will have a GSD of 3 m at 400 km altitude isequipped with 4 CCDs for each red, green, blue and near infrared region. The HPT, due to its highresolution of 3 m will be used in monitoring the extent of damages from natural disasters such as
storms. Images from the HPT will be useful in disaster management and resource allocation. The
Space-borne Multispectral Imager (SMI) with Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter (LCTF) which will have a
GSD of 65 m at 400 km and has 2 CCDs for both visible (433-740 nm) and near infrared (730-1020 nm)
regions with a 1 nm step interval. It will be used in monitoring changes in vegetation andestimating the phytoplankton biomass of the Philippine oceans. The Wide Field Camera (WFC) with apanchromatic CCD will have a field of view of 180x134 degrees and a GSD of 7 km will be used inobserving cloud patterns as well as weather disturbances such as tropical storms. And lastly the
Middle Field Camera (MFC) which is an engineering payload with a colored CCD and an expected GSD of
185 m will assist in locating the images captured by the HPT and SMI.
In order to know the feasibility of our mission objectives, we simulated the pass of the
microsatellite over the Philippines for a specific period of time. Using this, we were able toobtain the frequency of image acquisition of a target location. From our findings, Diwata will be©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

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日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

able to provide the Philippines with robust and efficient near real-time status of the country’s
environment which will enhance its response to calamity and disaster management and will improveland-use and aquatic resource assessment and monitoring.
キーワード：Microsatellite、Natural disaster
Keywords: Microsatellite, Natural disaster©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-09 -HDS07-10

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

Micro-Dragon, the microsatellite for observing ocean environment in Vietnam*HUAN VI1, Junichi Kurihara1
1.Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
MicroDragon is the first 50 kg class microsatellite of Vietnam National Satellite
Center (VNSC). It is being developed by VNSC researchers under instruction of
the Japanese professors come from five universities including Hokkaido
University, The University of Tokyo, Keio University, Tohoku University andKyushu Institute of Technology. Hokkaido University has been responsible for thedevelopment of the science payloads based on the demands and requirements fromthe scientific point of view.
Mission of MicroDragon is ocean color observation over Vietnam Ocean toprovide data for assessing water data by using two imagers being composed ofSpace-borne multispectral Imager and Triple Polarization Imager onboard andFluoro probes in the sea for the missions. Micro-Dragon is Sun-synchronous orbit
satellite integrated Attitude determination and control system (ADCS) that is able
to receive ocean color data over Vietnam Ocean many times per day. Therefore,
one of its applications will be a response system to quickly cope with harmful
algae (e.g. red tides and harmful algal blooms) over Vietnam Ocean that has
damaged human and marine ecosystems. By using the space-borne ocean color
observation system and the marine sensor, networks which can detects ocean
anomalies in-real time and disaster information. The system are suitable for
capturing subtle changes and detect anomalies in ocean environments in real-time.
The end of 2017, the development of MicroDragon will be finished. By now, theproject is heading to Critical Design Review in September 2016 after three years
implementation since 2013.
Keywords: microsatellite, ocean environment, red tides, harmful algal blooms, ocean hazard©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-10 -HDS07-11

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

Preliminary Analysis on Rising 2 images' spectral information and its potential fordisaster monitoring and prediction*Benjamin Jonah Magallon1, Yukihiro Takahashi11.Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
Importance of disaster monitoring, prediction and mitigation has increased in the past years mainly
due to climate change. Based from the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change-Fifth Assessment
Report (IPCC-AR 5), regions in West, East and South-East Asia will experience an increased in meanannual temperature and precipitation will likely be more extreme in mid- and late- 21st century.
The increase on the occurrence of severe typhoons and droughts will be observed in the said
regions. In-order to cope up and adapt with the problems brought by Climate change, remote sensing
with the use of micro-satellite as a platform has become an indispensable tool. Satellite remotesensing can cover a very large area and produce detailed image of the land and can repeatedly
observe the area in a short period of time.
One of the most recent earth-observation microsatellite is Rising-2, which was launched last May
24, 2014. It is equipped with 5 scientific payloads: High Precision Telescope (HPT) with 5m spatial
resolution at nadir and has four (4) CCD detector, for Red, Green and Blue region and the fourth
CCD has Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter (LCTF) for 650 to 1000 nm spectral range; Bolometer (BOL)
with 1km spatial resolution and spectral range of 8 to 14 µm; Lightning Spectrum Imager-1 (LSI-1)
and Lightning Spectrum Imager-2 (LSI-2) with a field of view of 342 km and a spectral range of 744
to 826 nm and 762 nm respectively; Wide Field Camera (WFC) with a field of view of 140 degrees.
In this study, six (6) images captured in Japan observed at 665 nm, 683 nm, 700 nm, 720 nm, 750 nm
and 873 nm wavelengths using Rising-2’s High Precision Telescope were acquired and analysed. Image
matching and geo-referencing were done to get the overlap and spatial resolution of the 6 images.
Spectral information then is acquired by using calibration parameters for the HPT. From thespectral information, land cover and condition of the vegetation were then classified by using
different indices like NDVI and NDWI. Preliminary results show that spectral analysis has a veryhuge potential for disaster monitoring, prediction and mitigation.
Keywords: Remote Sensing, Microsatellite, Disaster monitoring©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-11 -HDS07-12

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

地上雷放電観測網及び超小型衛星を用いたアジアにおける極端気象の監視と予測
Monitoring and prediction of extreme weather using lightning detection network andmicro-satellites in Asia
*高橋 幸弘1*Yukihiro Takahashi1
1.北海道大学・大学院理学院・宇宙理学専攻
1.Department of Cosmosciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
Thunderstorm causes torrential rainfall and is the energy source of typhoon. In these decades it
has been revealed that lightning discharge is a very good proxy of thunderstorm activity. We haveconstructed the most advanced lightning detection network using VLF radio wave in Southeast Asia,
AVON. On the other hand, some developing countries in SE-Asia are going to own few micro-satellites
dedicated to meteorological remote-sensing in several years as well as Japan. Making use of thelightning activity data measured by the ground-based VLF network, and information on the extent and3-D structures of thunderclouds observed by the on-demand operation of remote-sensing
micro-satellites, we will get a new way to obtain very detail semi-real time information thatcannot be achieved only with existing observation methods, such as meteorological radar or surface
meteorological data acquisition system. Based on those measures, we will establish the methodology
to grasp the development of thunderstorms occurring in whole area of Southeast Asia and to predict
their near future activities as well as typhoon intensity.
キーワード：雷放電、超小型衛星、極端気象、予測、監視、アジア
Keywords: lightning, micro-satellite, extreme weather, prediction, monitoering, Asia

©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-12 -HDS07-P01

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

A New Ground-based SAR for Landslide Monitoring: Development and Preliminary Results*Voon Chet KOO1, Yee Kit CHAN1, Bryan Chih-Yuan CHU2
1.Multimedia University, 2.G-AVE Technology
Every year, over one million people are exposed to weather-related landslide hazards around theworld. Due to the recent climate change, it is likely that the decrease of permafrost areas,changes in precipitation patterns and increase of extreme weather events will influence theweather-related mass movement activities. This paper reports on the recent development of aground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) for continuous monitoring of landslide-prone areas in
Malaysia. It operates at Ku-band with spatial resolution of 0.5 m in range and 5.8 mrad in crossrange. The system is mounted on a rail which travels along a linear guide to achieve SAR imaging.
The GBSAR has been installed at a test site to provide timely information for landslide monitoringand early warning system. The paper discusses the design, development and preliminary field
experiments using the new GBSAR system.
Keywords: Synthetic Aperture Radar, Interferometry, Landslide Monitoring©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

- HDS07-P01 -HDS07-P01©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会- HDS07-P01 -HDS07-P01©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会- HDS07-P01 -HDS07-P02

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

An idea to create a satellite with the capability to rescue*Phuong Viet Vu

Until now, satellite is considered by many to be an untouchable system once launched into space.
That means we are unable to physically expand, repair or replace any component or sub-system, etc…
once a satellite is operating in orbit. That is why satellites have been developed under very
stringent design & production process using high-reliability hardware and qualification test toensure them being able to work smoothly in harsh space environment for a long time without failure.
The thing is, people can’t manage all risks in space.
This paper suggests a solution which may help to repair a part of hardware problems or fulfil arequest for system expansion after launching.
Any satellite is proposed to simply be equipped with a wireless connection port which supports
inter-satellite link once requested. The main idea is how to apply it and design the satellite
orbit. With this configuration, once this satellite needs:
to add more functions (networking, relay communication…) or increase capacity (adding more memory,data exchange with other satellites… ); or
to replace the failed hardware such as data storage; downlink system (for example: space debris
damaging the downlink antenna, or problem with the transmitter)…
We will launch a “rescue” satellite for instance a micro-satellite which is able to support therequest system or the faulty system. This “rescue” satellite will connect to the “request”
satellite via the inter-satellite link.
Here are some technical supports for this solution:
The “rescue” satellite will be launched into the same orbit, maybe as close as possible with the“request” satellite in order to reduce as much as possible the power of transmission of bothsatellites. That also means a simple and small antenna system is required (we can even use
omnidirectional antenna). By the way, the distance and pointing direction between the twosatellites is almost unchanged therefore the Doppler’s effect is removed and the satellite pointing
is easy. It also allows any wireless transmission technology such as that from Ka, Ku band and even
optical communication to be easily applied, too.
Nowadays, many satellites have applied the SpaceWire standard due to its advantage of standardized
interface, network protocol, link management…, as well as plug and play function. That means nonew, expensive technology is required and standard system can be applied easily. It may justrequest some add-in protocols for this standard.
With this solution, my dream is that one day, satellites will be equipped with a small sub-system
just like a PC equipped with a Wi-Fi or USB ports. Such inexpensive investment may create hugeadvantages to help the mission adapt to unforeseen requirements from a dynamic economy or increase
the opportunity to recover from some serious satellite failures.
Keywords: micro satellite, repair and service in space, novel/pioneering mission©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

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日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

The diversity of land surface temperatures in the Greater Lyon (France): preliminary
characterization with Landsat 8 TIRS to monitor heat waves impacts*Florent Renard1, Didier Soto2
1.University Jean Moulin Lyon 3, UMR 5600 CNRS Environment City Society, 2.LABEX IMU, UMR 5600 CNRS
Environment City Society
The health impacts of heat waves are a 21st century challenge facing the world and France inparticular. Measures have to be taken to avoid disasters like those of 2003, 2006 and 2015 that
respectively caused 15,000, 1400 and 3300 deaths, according to the International Disaster Database
EM-DAT (Guha-Sapir et al., 2016). The victims were mainly recorded in large cities because ofrising temperatures due to global climate change are amplified by the effect of urban heat island(UHI). This study aims to characterize the phenomenon of UHI on the Greater Lyon area. Located in
the southeastern part of France, it focuses 1.3 million people about 500 km², with a high rate ofelderly. A parallel study identified the sectors with the most vulnerable populations in terms ofhealth criteria, such as age or physical condition (Renard et al., 2015). The aim of this study is
to determine the most frequently hot areas of the city and to compare them with the places where
people are the most vulnerable, in order to target priority areas for mitigation and adaptation tothis risk.
The method is based on remote sensing. The bands 10 and 11 of the landsat-8 thermal infrared sensor(TIRS) are to calculate the land surface temperature (LST). This temperature estimation procedure
follows the ones established by Jimenez-Munoz and Sobrino (2003), Sobrino et al., 2004 andCristobal et al., 2009. This implies to convert in a first step the Landsat thermal band to
at-sensor spectral radiance and then to at-sensor brightness temperature. In second time, the land
surface emissivity is estimated using the NDVI threshold methods, according to Sobrino et al., 1990
and 2008. Finally, the land surface temperature (LST) is obtained thanks to the single-channel
algorithm (Jimenez-Munoz and Sobrino (2003), Sobrino et al., 2004 and Cristobal et al., 2009) andthe results are converted from degrees Kelvin to Celsius.
The results show strong LST spatial disparities in the Greater Lyon. Indeed, variations of several
tens of degrees in just a few kilometers are found between rural and urban territory, as for the 4thof July, 2015 (fig. 1). The warmest part of the city is located into the ancient town center andthe industrial areas. However, the most sensitive persons are located into the town center, where
air conditioning is not frequently used. Consequently, strategies of mitigation and adaptation
should be quickly focused on these precise areas.
Cristóbal, J., Jiménez-Muñoz, J.C., Sobrino, J.A., Ninyerola, M., Pons, X., 2009. Improvements inland surface temperature retrieval from the Landsat series thermal band using water vapor and airtemperature. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres 114, 1-16
Guha-Sapir D. , R. Below, Ph. Hoyois, 2016. EM-DAT: The CRED/OFDA International Disaster Database –www.emdat.be –Université Catholique de Louvain –Brussels –Belgium.
Jiménez-Muñoz, J.C., Sobrino, J.A., 2003. A generalized single-channel method for retrieving land
surface temperature from remote sensing data. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres 108, 1-9
Renard F., Soto D., Alonso L., 2015. Identification et répartition spatiale des personnes vulné
rables àla chaleur dans la métropole de Lyon. Congrès annuel de la Société Française de Santé etd’Environnement (SFSE), Paris, p. 61
Sobrino, J.A., Caselles, V., Becker, F., 1990. Significance of the remotely sensed thermal infraredmeasurements obtained over a citrus orchard. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 44, 343–354
Sobrino, J.A., Jiménez-Muñoz, J.C., Paolini, L., 2004. Land surface temperature retrieval from©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

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日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

LANDSAT TM 5. Remote Sens. Environ. 90, 434–440
Sobrino, J.A., Jiménez-Muñoz, J.C., Sòria, G., Romaguera, M., Guanter, L., Moreno, J., Plaza, A.,
Martínez, P., 2008. Land surface emissivity retrieval from different VNIR and TIR sensors. IEEE
Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 46, 316–327
Keywords: land surface temperature, heat wave, Landsat 8 TIRS, adaptation, mitigation©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

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日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会- HDS07-P03 -HDS07-P04

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

Quantifying damages brought by tropical typhoons using remote sensing*Kaye Kristine Vergel1, Yukihiro Takahashi11.Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
Among the world's basins, the northwestern pacific ocean has the most number of tropical storm
occurrence with an annual average of twenty six from 1981-2010. Many countries including China,
Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Philippines are affected by these storms. In the Philippines alone,around eighteen to nineteen tropical typhoons enter the country’s area of responsibility and of
those nine to ten make landfall. The large amount of rainfall that typhoons bring has a big impact
in agriculture. According to the Climate Change Commission of the Philippines, from 1990 to 2006,
the annual average damage of typhoons to the agricultural sector alone amounted to 184 million USD.
Aside from damages in agriculture, strong winds brought by typhoons also result to damages in theinfrastructure.
Remote sensing has been widely used in assessing damages from disasters. Compared with fieldsurvey, it is a cost effective tool. In this study we compared pre- and post-typhoon satellite
images by calculating for different vegetation indices such as Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI),
Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). We found that thelargest change is calculated using NDII. We analyzed satellite images from Landsat 8 for tropicalstorms that passed by the Philippines and Japan. We also correlated the rainfall volume measured byrain gauges to the damages measured by the satellite images.
Keywords: remote sensing, typhoons, damage assessment©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

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日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

ELF-VLF帯電磁界計測に基づいた積乱雲早期検知の検討
Study on early detection of thunderstorm based on electromagnetic measurement in ELF-VLF
band*山下 幸三1、久保埜 雄貴2、高橋 幸弘3、濱田 純一4、松本 淳4*Kozo Yamashita1, Yuki Kubono2, Yukihiro Takahashi3, Jun-ichi Hamada4, Jun Matsumoto4
1.サレジオ工業高等専門学校 電気工学科、2.九州工業大学、3.北海道大学、4.首都大学東京
1.Salesian Polytechnic., 2.Kyushu Institute of Technology, 3.Hokkaido Univ., 4.Tokyo Metropolitan
University
Recently, heavy rain, tornado and lightning discharge associated with thunderstorm become arepresentative of severe weather in urban region. Well-established methodology for early detection
and nowcast of thunderstorm activity is essential to protect and sustain urban function. Main
objective in this study is to verify practical effectiveness of early detection of thunderstorm
generation based on lightning observation. Receiver for lightning observation is designed tomeasure electromagnetic wave radiated from lightning discharge in ELF (Extremely Low Frequency,
less than 3 kHz) and VLF (Very Low Frequency, 3-30kHz) band and installed around the Tokyo
metropolitan region. Radio wave in ELF-VLF bands can propagates long distance (more than several
hundreds kilometers) and makes it possible to detect lightning discharge with high sensitivity withfew observation sites.
In this presentation, lightning observation for thundercloud generated above Ebina city, Kanagawa
at September 6th, 2014 is summarized as an initial result. First detection of lightning signal in
ELF-VLF observation is 30 minutes earlier than that in existing network for observation ofcloud-to-ground (CG) lightning discharge. This result indicates the possibility that not only CG
lightning discharge but also intracloud (IC) lightning discharge whose electromagnetic radiation is
weaker than that from CG could be detected by our network. The IC lightning dominated over CG
lightning in the early stages of thunderstorm. Detection of IC in ELF-VLF observation enables us tomonitor thunderstorm generation without high-spatial density observation.

©2016. Japan Geoscience Union. All Right Reserved.

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