WEST of SCOTLAND
ARCHAEOLOGYSERVICE

Annual Report of the West of Scotland Archaeology Service
2007/08
SummaryThis annual report covers the period from 1 April 2007 to 31 March 2008.
New Casework 2007/08
Council Area
Total New Casework
Items
Argyll & Bute
564
East Ayrshire
178
East Renfrewshire
89
Glasgow
156
Inverclyde
76
North Ayrshire
162
North Lanarkshire
171
Renfrewshire
102
South Ayrshire
113
South Lanarkshire
269
West Dunbartonshire
106
West Lothian191
National Park Authority
72
General/More than
10
1Council
Total

2259

Weekly
lists
47
49
50
50
49
49
52
51
27
53
49
53
48

Planning
Applications
438
108
29
77
24
87
78
44
70
175
42
106
21

Other

627

1299

333

79
21
10
29
3
26
41
7
16
41
15
32
3
10

During the report period the West of Scotland Archaeology Service dealt with 2259 new
casework items (this compares with 2225 in the previous year) and carried out work on afurther 151 casework items registered in previous years. Work was therefore carried out on a
total of 2410 separate casework items over the year (2576 in the previous year). 627 of the
new work items were weekly lists of planning applications received from the 12 Councils andthe Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park Authority, which were monitored in order to
identify planning applications raising archaeological issues.
Altogether 1299 planning and listed building applications were identified as potentiallyrequiring archaeological advice across the area covered by the Archaeology Service, anincrease of 7.4% on the previous year when only 1209 applications were so identified. Since
the Archaeology Service was formally established in 1997, the workload arising fromThe Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

1identifying and commenting on planning applications has risen from 317 applications in
1997-98 to 1299 in 2007-08. In the report period 331 of the identified 1299 applications
raised archaeological issues which required advice from the Service.
Summary Table of Planning Applications 2003-2007
Nos. Identified for Comment
04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08
Argyll & Bute
East Ayrshire
East Renfrewshire
Glasgow
Inverclyde
North Ayrshire
North Lanarkshire
Renfrewshire
South Ayrshire
South Lanarkshire
West Dunbartonshire
West LothianNational Park
Total

345
82
24
39
6
81
30
56
29
146
52
74
17

346
106
33
56
12
63
69
43
64
170
50
77
20

387
91
49
118
10
77
55
64
80
158
32
69
19

438
108
29
77
24
87
78
44
70
175
42
106
21

980

1109

1209

1299

Nos. Raising Archaeological Issues
04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08
87
82
88
91
27
22
23
16
11
4
6
6
21
13
26
22
1
5
6
5
35
21
32
22
18
17
24
22
22
13
20
12
11
21
28
21
70
60
52
50
13
18
10
14
23
20
18
44
8
6
5
6
347
302
338
331

In addition to the weekly lists and planning applications a further 332 items of new work were
processed by the Service in 2007/08 (see table below - figures for previous year in brackets).
Pre-planning application enquiries
Development Plan consultations
Permitted development enquiries
Agri-Environment Scheme audits and other matters
Woodland Grant Scheme advice
Forest Design Plans
Other Archaeological Consultations (includes notification of new site information)
Sites and Monuments Record information management matters
Systems development and support matters
General or SMR enquiries
Policy liaison matters
Other (includes items sent in error)
Total

134 (156)
7 (10)
54 (73)-- (18)1 (4)2 (6)46 (22)67 (84)7 (0)11 (2)1 (0)3 (1)333 (377)

The total number of separate casework items processed by the Service in 2007/08 at 2410
(2259 new casework items plus 151 old casework items) is a small decrease (6.4%) in overall
caseload when compared with the previous year. There were no agri-environment caseworkitems during the year.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

2

In the report period 948 new site records were added to the Sites and Monuments Record
database, 2,100 existing site records were amended, 199 archaeological events records wereadded, and 129 archive records were created (index to reports received by the Service in paperand digital formats).
There were 99 recorded archaeological events (excavations, surveys, watching briefs, desk
based assessments etc) during the report period, 95 of them developer funded. The remainderof events was surveys conducted by amateur archaeological groups which were reported to
the Sites and Monuments Record. There was a decrease in archaeological event numbers
when compared with previous years.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

3

1

Running the Service

1.1

The Service's Steering Group met once throughout the year to consider various mattersin connection with the running of the Service prior to the Service’s Joint Committee
meeting in October 2007. Before its October meeting the Joint Committee were taken
on a tour of the archaeological excavations then taking place in advance of the M74
Completion. At its meeting the Joint Committee determined to raise its hourly fee
charge rate effective from 1 April 2008 as a result of the notice of withdrawal received
from North Lanarkshire Council (effective from 31 March 2009), and an increase in
the staff salaries bill resulting from the City Council’s pay and benefits review.

1.2

The anticipated surplus balance in the Service's reserve account was achieved at year
end (see Appendix 2) and transferred to the Service’s reserve account.

1.3

The Joint Committee had previously agreed that the Archaeology Service could
provide chargeable management advice in connection with the M74 Completionarchaeology contracts (within the areas of Glasgow and South Lanarkshire Councils),
provided there was no detriment to the planning-related service to member Councils(see section 18 below). Two temporary members of staff (Dave Hodgson, full-timearchaeologist, and Pat Harvie, part-time administrative assistant) were recruited in2006 to provide cover for the Service’s normal workload, whilst permanent staff
members provided management advice for the M74 Completion Phase 1 and 2
Archaeology Contracts and accompanying Public Archaeology Programme. These two
members of staff continued in the employment of the Service throughout the reportperiod. The costs of these posts were fully covered by the income generated to theService from the M74 Completion project.

1.4

Other income to the service in the report period was derived from the Loch Lomondand Trossachs National Park Authority (£9,059.89- see section 15 below), and fromfees and charges for archaeological advice to other bodies. Total income from nonmember Council sources for the report period was £78,656.48.

1.5

During the summer of 2007 a placement student from Glasgow University’s
postgraduate masters course in archaeological practice undertook work experience at
the Service for an 8 week period. Another student from the University’s undergraduate
archaeology degree course undertook a fortnight’s work experience.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

42Sites and Monuments Record Maintenance and Development

2.1

During the report period 948 new site records were added to the Sites and Monuments
Record database, 2,100 existing site records were amended, 199 archaeological events
records were added, and 129 archive records were created (index to reports received
by the Service in paper and digital formats). This was a substantial increase in Sites
and Monuments Record enhancement work when compared with the previous year. A
full set of refreshed archaeological consultation trigger maps was issued to eachmember Council during the report year.

2.2

The Service’s web site (http://www.wosas.net) was updated over the report periodwith 42 separate news items from the WoSAS area, largely about developer fundedarchaeological excavations.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

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3

Advice to Argyll & Bute Council

3.1

Development Plan Advice
There were no requests for assistance from the Council during the report period in
respect of development plan advice.

3.2

3.3

Development Control Advice
Over the report period 47 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 438 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues, either by the Archaeology Service
or by Council staff. In addition further work was done in respect of 13 planningapplications submitted in previous years. Argyll & Bute Council remained the largest
Council user of the development control advice service over the report period.
The 438 new planning applications received the following responses from the Service
in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 and Planning
Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Requested for comment, not received

1
29
28
17
2
1
1
12
334
13

Altogether 91 of the identified planning applications required some form of responseto mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
3.4

Refusal of the planning application was recommended in respect of a single proposal –the erection of 7 dwelling houses, creation of playing field, woodland walkway,
extension to village hall car park and improvements to recycling facilities, land
adjacent to Kilmelford Village Hall, Kilmelford, Argyll and Bute which was locatedvery close to a scheduled cairn and enclosure and which would detrimentally affect thesetting of the scheduled ancient monument.

3.5

Archaeological trial trenching at Middle Innens, Tighnabruaich in advance ofresubmission of a planning application for a residential development identified
archaeological evidence of several different periods on the site, both prehistoric andmore recent. The trial trenching work was undertaken by Headland Archaeology Ltd.
A detailed archaeological mitigation programme consisting of preservation in situ andexcavation, as appropriate is expected to be submitted along with the new planningapplication. (For further information see http://www.wosas.net news section, 10.04.08- Investigations in a Multi-period Landscape at Tighnabruaich).

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

6

3.6

Archaeological trial trenching as the first stage of an archaeological condition attachedto planning consent identified the remains of a possible late prehistoric enclosure at
the site of a proposed housing development at Gallowhill Farm, Campbeltown. The
trial trenching work was undertaken by Argyll Archaeology. Although apparently
previously unoccupied farmland, the proposed development site was felt to have somepotential to produce buried archaeological material, an assessment that was based onrecords relating to the recovery of flint objects and the presence of a Beaker burial inclose proximity to the site. Archaeological features were identified in a relatively
restricted area in the north-east corner of the site. The most substantial feature, which
was visible in a number of the evaluation trenches, was a large V-shaped ditch,measuring up to 4m in width and up to 2.2m in depth. (For further information see
http://www.wosas.net news section, 27.11.07 - Possible Prehistoric Enclosure atCampbeltown). It is possible that this site may not be subject to further excavation incompliance with the condition attached to the planning consent, but rather theapplicant may preserve it in situ by submitting an amended application to exclude thearea from development, thereby saving the costs of further archaeological work.

3.7

A Bronze Age burial cist and other material relating to prehistoric occupation has been
identified during fieldwork undertaken in advance of the erection of two new houses at
Ardnacross Farm in Kintyre. The trial trenching work was undertaken by Argyll
Archaeology. The material was identified during the course of an evaluation to assess
the potential for the development to disturb archaeological deposits. This fieldwork
was required as a condition of the planning consent. The area was previously known tobe rich in archaeological remains from all periods. (For further information see
http://www.wosas.net news section, 23.08.07 - Cist found at Ardnacross).

3.8

The AOC Archaeology Group undertook an archaeological excavation and survey
under the terms of the Historic Scotland Human Remains Call-off Contract in May
2007. Human remains had been discovered by a householder undertaking landscaping
for a garage in the garden of his home in Benderloch, Argyll. The find was reported tothe police and to the West of Scotland Archaeology Service. Dr Jennifer Miller of the
Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) visited the site on
behalf of the Police and confirmed that the disturbed bone was of some antiquity. The
Service then approached Historic Scotland to fund an excavation of the remains.
Pottery found with the burials may indicate a Bronze Age date. (For further
information see http://www.wosas.net news section, 16.07.07 - Ancient humanremains found at Benderloch).

3.9

The Service provided advice to the Council in connection with an unauthorised
agricultural shed adjacent to the scheduled Dunadd fort, the former capital of Dalriata.
During a site visit the Service advised that the impacts of the shed on the setting of thishighly significant archaeological site were in fact not as severe as had been first feared
and that appropriate planting would help to mask any glimpses of the structure fromthe main road. The Service subsequently recommended grant of the retrospectiveplanning, application subject to a condition requiring appropriate screening planting.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

7

3.10

The publication paper setting out the results of the multi-phase excavations at
Kilmartin Quarry by Scotia Archaeology and the AOC Archaeology Group was finallycompleted during the report period and submitted to the Prehistoric Society foreventual publication in their journal. Excavations had been ongoing on a phased basis
since 1994.
Other Advice within the Council's Area

3.11

During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including Council
staff, in respect of 79 other items of casework. 22 of these were pre-applicationenquiries from developers, agents, or the Council’s own staff. 6 were Sites andMonuments record enquiries from Council staff or members of the public. 14 werequeries in respect of permitted developments or statutory undertakings which do notform part of the Planning Service Level Agreement for the member Councils, and forwhich the Service levies a separate charge to the enquirer for the time taken to provide
assistance. At the request of the Cowal Landscape Partnership a report ofarchaeological assets was prepared in connection with a lottery bid being prepared by
the Partnership, work outside the Service’s Planning Service Level Agreement. A feeof £1,828.60 + VAT was charged to the Partnership for the time taken to prepare thereport.

3.12

The entrance to a previously unknown souterrain was identified in the Kiells area of
Islay. According to reports, the site was identified by a shepherd who had lost a lambdown a newly formed hole in the ground. Further investigation indicated an artificiallycreated chamber formed from large stone slabs below the surface of the ground.
Souterrain (from French 'sous terrain', meaning 'under ground') is a name given byarchaeologists to a type of underground structure most generally associated with theIron Age. It is likely that such structures would in most cases have been attached toabove ground houses, traces of which have been eroded over time, and that they may
have been used for storage. The site has now been added to the Sites and Monuments
Record. (For further information see http://www.wosas.net news section, 15.06.07 Possible Souterrain Identified on Islay).

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

8

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

Advice to East Ayrshire Council
Development Plan Advice
There were no requests for assistance from the Council during the report period in
respect of development plan advice. The Service however provided a substantive input
to the John Finnie & Bank Street Kilmarnock Outstanding Conservation Area
Management Plan at the request of the Council’s consultants, Austin-Smith:Lord.
Development Control Advice
Over the report period 49 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 108 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues, either by the Archaeology Service
or by Council staff. In addition further work was done in respect of 10 planningapplications submitted in previous years.
The 108 new planning applications received the following responses from the Service
in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 and Planning
Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Requested for comment, not received

-6
5
4
1
---64
28

Altogether 16 of the identified planning applications required some form of responseto mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
4.4

Between April and June 2007 major archaeological excavations were completed at
Laigh Newton in advance of sand and gravel quarrying as a condition of planning
consent (this was first reported in last year’s annual report). The excavations were
undertaken by Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD). The
area had been identified by the Archaeology Service as being of high archaeologicalpotential. The area had been heavily ploughed over the centuries, and only the bottoms
of pits and postholes survived. Nevertheless, the archaeologists are confident thatthree large wooden buildings were built on the summit of this hillside, probably during
the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods. A few hundred metres down the hillside is amore sheltered platform where the remains of a moated farm or homestead dated tothe medieval period were found. Pottery found amongst the stones is thought to date tobe fourteenth century in date. (For further information see http://www.wosas.net news
section, 01.06.07 - Laigh Newton, Darvel).

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

9

4.5

A programme of historic building recording works was undertaken prior to an
application for planning consent in respect of refurbishment of 100-106 John Finnie
Street, Kilmarnock. The building recording was undertaken by Rathmell Archaeology
Ltd. Although the building is late in date, the need for, and value of, such recording
was included in the Outstanding Conservation Area Management Plan (see section 4.1
above).

4.6

In several member Council areas there have been a number of planning applications
for conversions of farm steadings into several residential units. Some of thesefarmsteads are shown on the Roy map dating to 1745-55, and sometimes also appear
on earlier historic maps. Depending on whether the placename appears on historicmaps dated before 1800, the degree of disturbance proposed in the conversion, andwhether the application is received from member Councils for comment on request,
archaeological conditions are being recommended by the Archaeology Service forattachment to consent, as so little is known about the history of these historicfarmsteads. Some of the farmsteads may potentially have been on the same site since
medieval times and the date of their initial foundation is in most cases unknown. In
East Ayrshire Council’s area 10 applications for conversion of farm buildings toresidential use were requested by the Service for comment. The Service recommended
attachment of appropriate archaeological conditions in respect of 3 of these.

4.7

Other Advice within the Council's Area
During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including Council
staff, in respect of 21 other items of casework, including 15 pre-application enquiries
and 1 statutory undertaker enquiry (from ScottishPower) which was subject to separate
charging.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

105

Advice to East Renfrewshire Council

5.1

Development Plan Advice
There were no requests for assistance from the Council during the report period in
respect of development plan advice.

5.2

5.3

Development Control Advice
Over the report period 50 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 29 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues, either by the Archaeology Service
or by Council staff. In addition further work was done in respect of 3 planningapplications submitted in previous years.
The 29 new planning applications received the following responses from the Service
in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 and Planning
Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Requested for comment, not received-33-----22
1

Altogether 6 of the identified planning applications required some form of response to
mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
5.4

5.5

5.6

Archaeological watching briefs were undertaken by CFA Archaeology Ltd inconnection with the development of Whitelee Wind Farm, required as a condition ofconsent for the development. Only very minor archaeological features have been
observed, for example, an old track. CFA Archaeology Ltd is also ensuring that any
micro-siting of turbine locations is being kept clear of known archaeological featuresin the area.
Other Advice within the Council's Area
During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including Council
staff, in respect of 10 other items of casework, including 6 pre-application enquiries
and 1 statutory undertaker enquiry (from Scottish Water Solutions) which was subject
to separate charging.
A further report of survey for Middleton Farm was received for the Sites andMonuments Record from ACFA (Association of Certificated Field Archaeologists).

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

11

(For further information see http://www.wosas.net news section, 06.07.07 - Major
landscape survey in East Renfrewshire).
5.7

Substantial advice continued to be provided to the Council’s Dams to Darnley Country
Park Project and a news item about the project was included in the Archaeology
Service’s web site. (For further information see http://www.wosas.net news section,
22.01.08 - Tikka Look At History).

5.8

The Service continued to provide advice to the Archaeological Research Framework
Joint Project being run by the 8 Council Museum Services in the Clyde Valley area,
including the provision of desk space for one of the project team using the Sites andMonuments Record for project research.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

126

Advice to Glasgow City Council

6.1

Development Plan Advice
Advice was provided to the Council in connection with Community Growth Area
Masterplans and the Glasgow Core Paths Plan.

6.2

6.3

Development Control Advice
Over the report period 50 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 77 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues, either by the Archaeology Service
or by Council staff. In addition further work was done in respect of 11 planningapplications submitted in previous years.
The 77 new planning applications received the following responses from the Service
in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 and Planning
Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Not received

-7
13
-1
--1
38
17

Altogether 22 of the identified planning applications required some form of responseto mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
6.4

Remains associated with the Campbellfield Pottery were found by the AOC
Archaeology Group during fieldwork in Glasgow's East End. The archaeological work
was required as a condition of planning consent for the erection of a residential
development. The pottery was in use from 1827 to 1881. Several of the potteries in the
Glasgow area have now been subject to archaeological excavation. (For further
information see http://www.wosas.net news section, 17.08.07 - Campbellfield Pottery
Uncovered).

6.5

Archaeological investigation by the AOC Archaeology Group in connection with theproposed redevelopment of the Great Eastern Hotel in Duke Street, Glasgow failed tofind evidence of medieval activity on the site, but a survey record of the building
identified a number of internal features associated with the original use of the building
as a cotton mill. The cotton mill was constructed in 1849, but was short-lived andbecame converted into a hotel for the homeless by 1909.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

13

6.6

A watching brief on development of a vacant plot on the corner of High Street andBell Street demonstrated that archaeological remains on the plot had been largely
slighted by later development, including the brick remains of an air raid shelter. This is
a common occurrence in the medieval core of the city. However an open drainage
channel was located in one corner of a surviving stone lined basement. It containedorganic debris including late thirteenth - fourteenth century pottery. It is therefore
likely that the drain may have related to a much earlier phase of activity on the site.
The survival of the drain demonstrates that it is still possible to find evidence ofGlasgow’s medieval past in the city, despite several phases of later redevelopment.

6.7

It was noted in last year’s annual report that the nomination of the Antonine Wall as a
World Heritage Site has substantially increased the amount of time being spent by theArchaeology Service in providing advice, both at pre-application and planningapplication stages, to its member Councils, which have part of the Wall line within
their areas. At the end of the report period the Archaeology Service was approached
by Council staff for pre-application discussions about a proposed site for an anaerobic
digestion plant at the Summerston landfill site, which is in close proximity to theAntonine Wall.
Other Advice within the Council's Area

6.8

During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including Council
staff, in respect of 29 other items of casework, including 4 pre-application enquiries.
Advice continued to be provided to the Council in respect of its property. The Service
monitored on behalf of the Council a major trial excavation at Water Row, Govan inadvance of possible development for housing. The excavation was undertaken by the
Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD). The main objectiveof the excavation was to locate the site of the Doomster Hill, a large mound andditched enclosure, which is thought to have been a royal occupation site in use at thetime of the late kingdom of Strathclyde about 1000AD. The mound had been removed
during later development, but the large ditch is expected to have survived. The
excavation demonstrated that the Doomster Hill does not appear to be located within
the potential development area, but appears to lie further to the east in an area
developed for housing some decades ago. (For further information see
http://www.wosas.net news section, 13.11.07 - Excavations in the heart of Historic
Govan).

6.9

The Service continued to provide information, advice, and support to the Local
History and Archaeology Strategy for the City, attending meetings as required.

6.10

The Service continued to provide advice to the Archaeological Research Framework
Joint Project being run by the 8 Council Museum Services in the Clyde Valley area,
including the provision of desk space for one of the project team using the Sites andMonuments Record for project research.

6.11

During the report period there were major excavations in the city by the joint ventureof Headland Archaeology Ltd and Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd (HAPCA) inadvance of the M74 Completion, including a substantial public archaeology

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

14

programme with several public open days and many other events. The discovery
centre for finding out about the archaeological excavations is based at Scotland Street
School Museum until the end of March 2009. Both the City Council’s Development
and Regeneration Services department and Culture and Sport Glasgow are involved inprovision of the public archaeology programme, the latter as sub-contractor to
HAPCA. Excavations took place at several tenement sites in the city - the site ofGovan Iron Works Foundry, the site of Caledonian Pottery (in South Lanarkshire), thesite of the Falfield Mills, the line of the Glasgow-Paisley-Ardrossan Canal near Port
Eglinton, and several other domestic and industrial sites. Post-excavation work will be
ongoing for the next two to three years leading to full-scale publication of the
excavations. The full costs of the archaeological work and the public archaeology
programme are being met by Transport Scotland, Glasgow City Council, South
Lanarkshire Council, and Renfrewshire Council as developers of the M74 Completion.
For further information, see

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

15

7

Advice to Inverclyde Council

7.1

Development Plan Advice
There were no requests for assistance from the Council during the report period in
respect of development plan advice.

7.2

7.3

Development Control Advice
Over the report period 49 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 24 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues by the Archaeology Service. In
addition further work was done in respect of 3 planning applications submitted inprevious years.
The 24 new planning applications received the following responses from the Service
in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 and Planning
Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Not received-14-----15
4

Altogether 5 of the identified planning applications required some form of response to
mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
7.4

The developer of the proposed residential development at Inverkip, in whicharchaeological evaluation by trial trenching had found evidence of a prehistoric
settlement (reported in last year’s annual report, for further information see
http://www.wosas.net news section, 14.06.07 - Prehistoric Settlement at Inverkip),
agreed during the report period to preservation of the site in situ in keeping withnational planning policy guidance on the treatment of archaeological remains. The
developer also committed to funding a report of the trial excavation by the Glasgow
University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD), so that the archaeologicalcondition attached to the consent could be discharged.

7.5

During the report period the Archaeology Service had discussions with Council
planning staff and the developer’s agent about the proposed development of 98 flats at
Bay Street, Port Glasgow. There had been a previous incident at the site in April 2007
involving the inadvertent disinterment of human remains during the excavation ofservice trenches, which had been reported to the Archaeology Service. The humanremains appear to have been from a nineteenth century burial ground associated with

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

16

St. Mary's Episcopal Church, although they could also relate to the nearby medieval
Newark Castle. The Council’s burial grounds officer confirmed that there was norecord for the disinterment of human remains from the St Mary’s Church site, yet thedisarticulated remains were found in boxes indicating that a burial ground had beenpreviously cleared. There remains a possibility of further human remains in the area
and it is a criminal offence knowingly to disturb a burial ground. A meeting with thedeveloper’s agent discussed archaeological methods for handling this issue.
Other Advice within the Council's Area
7.6

During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including Council
staff, in respect of 3 other items of casework.

7.7

There were several reports of new sites to the Sites and Monuments Record from amember of the public in Inverclyde. (For further information see http://www.wosas.net
news section, 15.05.07 - Rock Art Reported and 04.07.07 - Virtual Archaeology in
Inverclyde).

7.8

The Service continued to provide advice to the Archaeological Research Framework
Joint Project being run by the 8 Council Museum Services in the Clyde Valley area,
including the provision of desk space for one of the project team using the Sites andMonuments Record for project research.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

178

Advice to North Ayrshire Council

8.1

Development Plan Advice
There were no requests for assistance from the Council during the report period in
respect of development plan advice.

8.2

8.3

Development Control Advice
Over the report period 49 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 87 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues, either by the Archaeology Service
or by Council staff. In addition further work was done in respect of 16 planningapplications submitted in previous years.
The 87 identified planning applications received the following responses from theService in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 andPlanning Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Not received

-9
7
5
1
---46
19

Altogether 22 of the identified planning applications required some form of responseto mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
8.4

The removal of an existing late 19th century building and its replacement with flats at
67-73 Nelson Street, Largs in the summer of 2007 allowed archaeologists from
Rathmell Archaeology Ltd a chance to obtain valuable information relating to an
earlier archaeological discovery. The archaeological work was required as a conditionof planning consent. The original discovery of Bronze Age cremation burials wasmade during the building work in the early 1900s which had erected the building now
to be demolished. The re-examination of the site confirmed an exact location andextent for the former burials, information which had been lacking, and provided some
additional information. (For further information see http://www.wosas.net news
section, 30.07.07 - Bronze-age cremation cemetery re-examined).

8.5

It was reported in last year’s annual report that arrangements had been put in place forarchaeological excavation by Rathmell Archaeology Ltd in advance of housingdevelopment at 153-161 Main Street, Dreghorn. A substantial stone lined kiln was
found containing several fragments of early medieval pottery. Remnants of anotherrobbed out kiln was found on site, which taken together with the kilns discovered in

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

18excavation at the neighbouring site in 2004, indicate large scale agricultural
production in this area in the early medieval period, and that the historicaldevelopment of Dreghorn as a settlement was heavily associated with this agricultural
production.

8.6

8.7

Other Advice within the Council’s Area
During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including Council
staff, in respect of 26 other items of casework, including 13 pre-application enquiries
and 6 statutory undertaker enquiries (largely Scottish Water) which were subject toseparate charging.
There was a request for assistance from the Service in respect of a number of ceramic
finds made on the Hunterston Estate. The ceramics date between the 13th and 16th
century and may be associated with the early Hunterston Castle site. There was also an
enquiry from a member of the public researching salt making in southern Scotland andnorthern England. Sites and Monuments Record information, map extracts, and scansof archive slides were sent to him.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

19

9

9.1

9.2

9.3

Advice to North Lanarkshire Council
Development Plan Advice
The North Lanarkshire Council Local Plan was received in draft in July 2007. Becauseof work pressures at the time, no comments were offered by the Service on the draft
plan during the consultation period.
Development Control Advice
Over the report period 52 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 78 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues, either by the Archaeology Service
or by Council staff. In addition further work was done in respect of 8 planningapplication submitted in previous years.
The 78 identified planning applications received the following responses from theService in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 andPlanning Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Not received

2
5
8
4
2
1
--46
10

Altogether 22 of the identified planning applications required some form of responseto mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
9.4

Refusal of the planning applications was recommended in respect of two proposals,
both directly affecting Scheduled Ancient Monuments: the proposed construction of 2houses on a site to the north of 2 Nethercroy Road, Croy directly affecting a scheduledpart of the Antonine Wall, which has been nominated for World Heritage Site status;
and the proposed replacement of telecommunications mast equipment and erection ofa replacement 25m mast on land at Woodhall Estate, Woodhall Cottage, Calderbank,which was also located within the area of a Scheduled Ancient Monument.
Continuing discussion between the Archaeology Service, the applicant, and Historic
Scotland may allow a resolution of the issue at Croy, provided a resubmitted
application excludes the scheduled area from the development proposal.

9.5

Refusal was also originally recommended by the Archaeology Service in respect of athird planning application for a house extension which would have directly affected asurviving remnant of Colzium Castle. Subsequent identification of an alternative
location for the house extension by the applicant, away from the remains of the castle,

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

20

enabled a final recommendation to be made by the Service of attachment of anarchaeological watching brief condition, should the Council grant consent to theapplication. This case demonstrates that early contact with the Archaeology Service bya planning applicant before an application is made, could have helped to resolve anissue.
9.6

It was noted in last year’s annual report that the nomination of the Antonine Wall as a
World Heritage Site has substantially increased the amount of time being spent by theService in providing advice, both at pre-application and planning application stages, toits member Councils, which have part of the Wall line within their areas. During thereport period there were a further 6 planning applications in North Lanarkshire, in
addition to the Nethercroy Road, Croy application noted in 9.4 above, affecting theprospective World Heritage Site and its buffer zones, all requiring substantial input oftime from the Service for discussions with applicants, Council staff, and Historic
Scotland.
Other Advice within the Council's Area

9.7

During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including Council
staff, in respect of 41 other items of casework, including 12 pre-application enquiries
and 9 statutory undertaker enquiries which were subject to separate charging.

9.8

The Service continued to provide advice to the Archaeological Research Framework
Joint Project being run by the 8 Council Museum Services in the Clyde Valley area,
including the provision of desk space for one of the project team using the Sites andMonuments Record for project research.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

21

10

Advice to Renfrewshire Council

10.1

Development Plan Advice
There were no requests for advice from the Council in respect of the development planover the report period.

10.2

10.3

Development Control Advice
Over the report period 51 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 44 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues, either by the Archaeology Service
or by Council staff. In addition further work was done in respect of 6 planningapplications submitted in previous years.
The 44 new planning applications received the following responses from the Service
in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 and Planning
Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Not received

1
1
8
1
1
---29
3

Altogether 12 of the identified planning applications required some form of responseto mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
10.4

Archaeological work by the AOC Archaeology Group in advance of golf course
construction at Mar Hall near Erskine uncovered a very significant multi palisaded andditched enclosure which had been previously invisible beneath the ground surface. In
the arable areas around the conurbation upstanding parts of such enclosures have beenploughed down over the centuries, so that their presence is not visible on the surface.
Archaeological aerial photography of fields under crop can pick up the presence ofsuch enclosures, but as most of the fields in this part of Renfrewshire are in pastureand the area is also very close to the Glasgow Airport flight path, the only means offinding such sites is by archaeological trial trenching of large greenfield areas
proposed for development, or by archaeological monitoring of extensive topsoil
stripping during development, as was the case for the golf course. As no artefacts were
found in the excavation, which is a common occurrence on sites in the west of
Scotland (utensils may have been made of wood and have decayed completely), dating
will have to await radiocarbon analysis as part of the post-excavation analysis, butpalisaded enclosures of this format are usually prehistoric in date - Bronze Age or Iron

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

22Age. (For further information see http://www.wosas.net news section, 19.03.08 Palisaded Enclosure at Mar Hall).
10.5

In several member Council areas there have been a number of planning applications
for conversions of farm steadings into several residential units. Some of thesefarmsteads are shown on the Roy map dating to 1745-55, and sometimes also appear
on earlier historic maps. Depending on whether the placename appears on historicmaps dated before 1800, the degree of disturbance proposed in the conversion, andwhether the application is received from member Councils for comment on request,
archaeological conditions are being recommended by the Archaeology Service forattachment to consent, as so little is known about the history of these historicfarmsteads. Some of the farmsteads may potentially have been on the same site since
medieval times and the date of their initial foundation is in most cases unknown. In
Renfrewshire Council’s area there were 6 applications for conversion of farmbuildings to residential use, which the Service requested for comment. In each of thesecases the Service judged that there was in fact no substantive archaeological issue, as
the degree of new ground disturbance was small.
Other Advice within the Council's Area

10.6

During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including Council
staff, in respect of 7 other items of casework, which included only 1 pre-applicationenquiry.

10.7

The Service continued to provide advice to the Archaeological Research Framework
Joint Project being run by the 8 Council Museum Services in the Clyde Valley area,
including the provision of desk space for one of the project team using the Sites andMonuments Record for project research.

10.8

Although none of the excavations along the line of the M74 Completion took place
within the boundary of the Council’s area, Renfrewshire Council Museum Service
received funding to work with the local community on an exhibition about the
Glasgow-Paisley-Ardrossan Canal as part of the public archaeology programme
associated with the excavations. Part of the Canal, near to the Port Eglinton basin in
Glasgow, was excavated. The full costs of the archaeological work and associatedpublic archaeology programme are being met by Transport Scotland, Glasgow City
Council, South Lanarkshire Council, and Renfrewshire Council as developers of the
M74 Completion. For further information, see

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

23

11

Advice to South Ayrshire Council

11.1

Development Plan Advice
There were no requests for advice from the Council in respect of the development planover the report period.

11.2

11.3

Development Control Advice
Over the report period 27 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 70 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues, either by the Archaeology Service
or by Council staff. In addition further work was done in respect of 18 planningapplications submitted in previous years. The cessation in numbers of weekly lists
passed to the Service for monitoring was notified to the Council rather later than theService would have liked, as there is a monitoring system in place at the Service toidentify any failures in delivery of the weekly lists. However the missing weekly lists
do not seem to have had too detrimental an effect on numbers of planning applications
passed to the Service for comment, which were 70 in comparison with last year’s 80.
Council staff in any case also monitor planning applications against the archaeologicalconsultation trigger maps supplied by the Service and identify potential issues for
known sites by this method. The normal service of sending weekly lists by email to
the Archaeology Service has resumed.
The 70 new planning applications received the following responses from the Service
in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 and Planning
Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Not received

4
6
4
3
--4
-45
4

Altogether 21 of the identified planning applications required some form of responseto mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
11.4

Refusal of the planning application was recommended in respect of 4 planningapplications directly affecting either the site or the setting of a significant
archaeological site as follows:
erection of three warehouses at Girvan distillery extremely close to a medieval moatedsite of national significance although currently unscheduled – the need for protection

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

24

of this significant archaeological site had been consistently advised throughout ten
years of past warehouse development in the area;
erection of two dwellinghouses, land to NE of Knockavalley, Golf Course Road,
Girvan within the area of a scheduled Roman temporary camp - development would
also require Scheduled Monument Consent;consolidation of existing ruinous structure and rebuilding of tower house to formtimeshare residential tower house, Baltersan Castle, Maybole, which is an A-listedbuilding but also a major unscheduled archaeological site. This advice was consistent
with Service advice on a previous application for the same proposed development; andformation of a farm steading and erection of dwellinghouse at Dunduff Farm, Dunure
affecting the setting of a Scheduled Ancient Monument – development around thecurrent farmstead instead would be less intrusive into the setting of the monument.
11.5

An archaeological evaluation by Glasgow University Archaeological Research
Division (GUARD) was undertaken in July 2007 in advance of a proposed flatted andretail development at Citadel Place, Ayr. Possible faint traces of the Citadel moat andthe robbed-out Citadel walls were identified in the eastern part of the site, thoughanalysis was limited due to deep deposits of 18th and 19th century made-groundpresent across the site.

11.6

An archaeological watching brief by Glasgow University Archaeological Research
Division (GUARD) on topsoil stripping for the Girvan Reinforcement Pipeline at
Maybole uncovered two sites of archaeological significance which were excavated infull. This type of proposal does not require planning consent, but the Archaeology
Service is routinely consulted by Transco’s agents on the need for archaeological workin connection with pipelines, and the advice is usually implemented. The first site
consisted of several pits and postholes with associated pottery, lithic and nutshellfinds. The second site consisted of a large circular enclosure. It is likely that both sites
are prehistoric in date and demonstrate once again the archaeological potential ofotherwise apparently empty green fields in South Ayrshire.

11.7

An archaeological evaluation by Rathmell Archaeology Ltd took place in advance ofresidential development at 116 Main Street, Newton upon Ayr because of thepossibility of on site archaeological deposits associated with the medieval settlementof Newton. Four trenches were excavated within the proposed development area, butfailed to identify any pre-19th century deposits. This suggests large-scale clearance ofthe site, followed by re-levelling in the early to mid 20th century.

11.8

In several member Council areas there have been a number of planning applications
for conversions of farm steadings into several residential units. Some of thesefarmsteads are shown on the Roy map dating to 1745-55, and sometimes also appear
on earlier historic maps. Depending on whether the placename appears on historicmaps dated before 1800, the degree of disturbance proposed in the conversion, andwhether the application is received on request from member Councils for comment,archaeological conditions are being recommended by the Archaeology Service forattachment to consent, as so little is known about the history of these historic

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

25

farmsteads. Some of the farmsteads may potentially have been on the same site since
medieval times and the date of their initial foundation is in most cases unknown. In
South Ayrshire Council’s area 2 applications for conversion of farm buildings toresidential use were requested by the Service for comment. The Service recommended
attachment of appropriate archaeological conditions in both cases.

11.9

Other Advice in the Council's Area
During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including Council
staff, in respect of 16 other items of casework, including 10 pre-application enquiries
and 3 statutory undertaker enquiries (Scottish Water and ScottishPower) which were
subject to separate charging.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

26

12

Advice to South Lanarkshire Council

12.1

Development Plan Advice
There were no requests for advice from the Council in respect of the development planover the report period.

12.2

12.3

Development Control Advice
Over the report period 53 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 175 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues, either by the Archaeology Service
or by Council staff. In addition further work was done in respect of 39 planningapplications submitted in previous years. South Lanarkshire Council remained thesecond largest Council user of the Archaeology Service during the report period.
The 175 identified planning applications received the following responses from theService in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 andPlanning Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Not received

-17
24
7
--1
1
94
31

Altogether 50 of the identified planning applications required some form of responseto mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
12.4

Archaeological excavation was carried out by CFA Archaeology Ltd near Elvanfoot
between January and April 2007 as part of the planning conditions associated with theconstruction of a proposed new electrical substation. The excavation uncovered aBronze Age burial complete with a ceramic beaker (these types of burials are often
known as Beaker Burials). (For further information see http://www.wosas.net news
section, 22.06.07 - Beaker Burial at Elvanfoot).

12.5

An archaeological evaluation of Law Knowe at East Kilbride in connection with a golfcourse development was undertaken by Glasgow University Archaeological Research
Division (GUARD) and confirmed the presence of a Bronze Age burial cairn,probably kerbed, on the top of the knoll. Following on from this, a further phase of
fieldwork was undertaken to characterise the extent and nature of the site. GUARD
submitted a project design to the developer for the excavation of the funerary deposits
prior to the creation of a green on the golf course. However, the developer decided
instead to redesign the course to relocate the green, without excavating the burial

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

27

features, and to re-cover the cairn with the aim of preserving it in situ. Preservation insitu is the preferred approach for dealing with archaeological material as set out in
National Planning Policy Guideline 5 and is also the development plan policy stance.
(For further information see http://www.wosas.net news section, 11.10.07 - Law
Knowe Cairn Re-covered).
12.6

Archaeological excavation by Archaeological Heritage Services Ltd in connection
with development of stables at Crossford discovered a complex of two kilns and anumber of pits containing burnt material relating to the processes conducted on thesite. The features are not fully understood due to the lack of evidence returned fromthe samples analysis. It is likely however that this site represents relatively early
exploitation of the areas mineral resources during the post-medieval period. (Forfurther information see http://www.wosas.net news section, 10.12.07 - Possible Kiln at
Crossbank).

12.7

Excavation at Newbigging Quarry, Carnwath by the AOC Archaeology Group incompliance with a condition attached to planning consent for an extension, discovered
the remains of a neolithic settlement in an area rich in prehistoric archaeologicalremains. The settlement appears to have been seasonally occupied and may have been
associated with use of a nearby ritual/ceremonial site, known as a henge, as inStonehenge, the functions of which are not well understood. The association ofprehistoric archaeology with the light, well drained soils developed on sand andgravel, is well known in archaeology. There will be further phases of excavation timed
to the phases of the quarry extension.

12.8

In several member Council areas there have been a number of planning applications
for conversions of farm steadings into several residential units. Some of thesefarmsteads are shown on the Roy map dating to 1745-55, and sometimes also appear
on earlier historic maps. Depending on whether the placename appears on historicmaps dated before 1800, the degree of disturbance proposed in the conversion, andwhether the application is received on request from member Councils for comment,archaeological conditions are being recommended by the Archaeology Service forattachment to consent, as so little is known about the history of these historicfarmsteads. Some of the farmsteads may potentially have been on the same site since
medieval times and the date of their initial foundation is in most cases unknown. In
South Lanarkshire Council’s area 13 applications for conversion of farm buildings toresidential use were requested by the Service for comment. The Service recommended
attachment of appropriate archaeological conditions in respect of 3 of these.

Other Advice within the Council's Area
12.9

During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including Council
staff, in respect of 41 other items of casework, including 23 pre-application enquiries
and 9 statutory undertaker enquiries (mainly Scottish Water) which were subject toseparate charging.

12.10 The Manager of the Service lectured on the Service’s work to the Lanark and District
Archaeological Society in November 2007.
The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

28

12.11 The Service continued to provide advice to the Archaeological Research Framework
Joint Project being run by the 8 Council Museum Services in the Clyde Valley area,
including the provision of desk space for one of the project team using the Sites andMonuments Record for project research.
12.12 Major excavation by the joint venture of Headland Archaeology Ltd and Pre-Construct
Archaeology Ltd (HAPCA) took place at the site of the Caledonian Pottery in South
Lanarkshire as part of the M74 Completion archaeology programme, including several
successful public open days, one involving an experimental kiln firing run by Glasgow
City Council’s Development & Regeneration Services personnel with help from theCouncil’s Museum Service and the archaeology contractor. The South Lanarkshire
Museum Service also received funding to work with the local community on an
exhibition about the pottery as part of the public archaeology programme associatedwith the project. The full costs of the archaeological work and the public archaeology
programme are being met by Transport Scotland, Glasgow City Council, South
Lanarkshire Council, and Renfrewshire Council as developers of the M74 Completion.
For further information, see

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

29

13

Advice to West Dunbartonshire Council

13.1

Development Plan Advice
There were no requests for advice from the Council in respect of the development planover the report period.

13.2

13.3

Development Control Advice
Over the report period 49 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 42 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues, either by the Archaeology Service
or by Council staff. In addition further work was done in respect of 5 planningapplications submitted in previous years.
The 42 new planning applications received the following responses from the Service
in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 and Planning
Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Not received

-2
6
2
---4
28
--

Altogether 14 of the identified planning applications required some form of responseto mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
13.4

There were two planning applications affecting the prospective Antonine Wall World
Heritage Site: the erection of a replacement primary school at Golden Hill Primary
School, Duntocher (close to the wall fort on Golden Hill), and change of use to indoor
sports facility at Unit 1 Gavinburn Business Park, Old Kilpatrick (on the line of theWall and fort at Old Kilptarick). In the former case the Service worked closely with
Council staff to find a design resolution which would lessen the impact of the
proposed development on the setting of the world heritage site, as an alternative site
for locating the new school was not possible. In the latter case the Service had been
resisting for a decade various invasive development proposals for the site which would
have further damaged the Roman remains known to survive in the area. The aplanning application for re-use of the existing building, involving no new ground
disturbance, emerged after discussions between the Service and the applicant’s agent,and has been granted consent by the Council.

13.5

Archaeological evaluation trenches were opened by Firat Archaeological Services
within an area proposed for the development of the new school at Golden Hill,

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

30

because of the proximity of the development site adjacent to the line of the Antonine
Wall and the Golden Hill fort. The evaluation was undertaken by the Council before
submission of the planning application for the school, in line with the advice inPlanning Advice Note 42. The northern part of the evaluation site had been
comprehensively landscaped and truncated, but the southern section of the site had
been up filled, sealing an earlier ground surface that has the potential to produce in situ
remains. This possibility has been covered in the approval of the planning application
for the school by the attachment of a suitable archaeological condition.
13.6

13.7

13.8

Since 2006 Firat Archaeological Services have been involved in an extensive
programme of archaeological fieldwork on lands of the Dalquhurn Estate, formerly aprinting and dyeing works but incorporating the site of Dalquhurn House, where
Tobias Smollett was born in 1721. The archaeological work, which is now complete,
was undertaken in advance of the redevelopment of the site for housing, in compliancewith an archaeological condition attached to planning consent. The work comprised
both standing buildings recording and archaeological excavation. (For further
information see http://www.wosas.net news section, 03.03.08 - ArchaeologicalFieldwork at Dalquhurn, Renton).
Other Advice within the Council's Area
During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including Council
staff, in respect of 15 other items of casework, including 7 pre-application enquiries.
The Service continued to provide advice to the Archaeological Research Framework
Joint Project being run by the 8 Council Museum Services in the Clyde Valley area,
including the provision of desk space for one of the project team using the Sites andMonuments Record for project research.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

31

14

Advice to West Lothian Council

14.1

14.2

14.3

Development Plan Advice
The Archaeology Service was consulted on draft Supplementary Planning Guidance New Development in the Countryside and Lowland Crofting. No comments were
offered as there are adequate archaeological policies in the Local Plan. Archaeologicalcomments were provided to the Council’s conservation officer on the planning briefs
for the redevelopment of the County Buildings in Linlithgow.
Development Control Advice
Over the report period 53 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 106 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues, either by the Archaeology Service
or by Council staff. In addition further work was done in respect of 9 planningapplications submitted in previous years.
The 106 identified planning applications received the following responses from theService in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 andPlanning Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Not received

-17
17
6
3
-1
-4
58

Altogether 44 of the identified planning applications required some form of responseto mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
14.4

Archaeological standing building survey recording and excavation of pile positions
was undertaken by CFA Archaeology Ltd at 212-224 High Street, Linlithgow within
the area of the medieval burgh. One of the buildings on the site had been developed
before 1856 and converted into a tannery sometime after 1916. One of the otherbuildings on the site was of probable late 18th or early 19th century date. The narrow
medieval burgage plots in Linlithgow, in common with other Scottish medieval
burghs, resulted in post-medieval and later buildings being shoe-horned within thesenarrow plots directly as a result of the constraint on developing sideways.
Development at the site had been fitted into a tight space defined by plot boundary
walls. As part of the development proposal for the site, the boundary walls were to bebreached. Survey of these boundary walls identified the architectural remains ofblocked doors and windows associated with three early 19th century properties
accessed via the vennel leading off the High Street northwards to Linlithgow Loch.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

32

14.5

14.6

Last year’s annual report referred to the production of a brief by the Archaeology
Service for procurement of archaeological work in connection with refurbishment andextension of the Burgh Halls in the heart of the medieval burgh area. A programme ofstanding building recording and trial excavation took place in July 2007 according to
the terms of this brief, and also the requirements of both planning consent and
Scheduled Monument Consent. Documentary evidence indicated that in the garden
area at the rear of the halls there had been a school as early as 1187 and a later pre1448 almshouse in the area, both lying south of St Michael’s parish church andassociated cemetery. A new school was erected in 1625. Repair work in the 1980s on
the retaining wall for the garden area had encountered possible medieval pottery andhuman bone. Trial trenching of 20% of the area to be disturbed by a proposed
extension to the hall revealed that the repair work to the retaining wall had
considerably disturbed the area, but walls relating to the corner of a building wereencountered. The walls appear to pre-date Wood’s map from the 1820s. No dateablearchaeological finds were found in association with the walls, but they may relate to
the 1625 school and almshouse, both known to have been demolished by Cromwellaround 1650 as part of the refortification of the Palace and Peel. (For further
information see http://www.wosas.net news section, 16.10.07 - Cromwellian
Fortifications at Linlithgow). The final decision on preservation of the walls in situ
under the proposed new extension to the Burgh Halls rests with Historic Scotland, as
this part of the garden behind the Burgh Halls is a scheduled ancient monument.
Other Advice within the Council's Area
During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including Council
staff, in respect of 32 other items of casework, including 12 pre-application enquiries
and 3 statutory undertaker enquiries which were subject to separate charging.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

33

15

The Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park Authority

15.1

Archaeological advice is provided to the National Park Authority under the terms of achargeable Service Level Agreement. In the year 2007-08 the National Park Authority
paid £9,059.89 to the Service for archaeological advice. This was very similar to theprevious year’s total (£8,977.84). During the year the Joint Committee determined toincrease its hourly charges to the Park Authority, as a result of the impending
withdrawal of North Lanarkshire Council coupled with staff salary increases arisingfrom the City Council’s pay and benefits review.

15.2

15.3

15.4

Development Plan Advice
During the report period the National Park Authority requested assistance in respect of
preparation of suitable archaeological policies and supplementary planning guidance
for archaeology for inclusion in the impending Local Plan.
Development Control Advice
Over the report period 48 weekly lists of planning applications were received from theCouncil for monitoring by the Service and 21 new planning applications wereidentified as raising potential archaeological issues by the Archaeology Service or
National Park Authority staff. In addition further advice was provided in respect of 3planning applications submitted in previous years.
The 21 new planning applications received the following responses from the Service
in terms of the advice contained in National Planning Policy Guideline 5 and Planning
Advice Note 42:
Refusal of planning application recommended
Archaeological assessment or evaluation prior to determination required
Negative suspensive condition requiring archaeological excavation
Archaeological watching brief condition requiredStandings buildings survey condition
Avoidance/protection within or to side of development
Other condition
Refer to Historic Scotland (scheduled monument)
No issue, no action possible or necessary, including no issue after further work
Not received

1
1
-2
--2
-14
1

Altogether 6 of the identified planning applications required some form of response to
mitigate the effects of the proposals on archaeological remains.
15.5

Refusal was recommended in respect of a planning application for a change toequestrian use and erection of a stable block, which would affect the setting of thescheduled Kilmaronock Castle. Following discussion with Historic Scotland theService further advised the Park Authority that, if the stable block position could be
moved to have less effect on the setting, there would be less of a setting issue, inwhich case an archaeological watching brief condition should be attached to planning
consent to deal with any potential direct effects of the development. The planning

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

34

application was subsequently withdrawn by the applicant and a new application
submitted with an amended location for the stable block.
Other Advice within the National Park Authority’s Area
15.6

During the report period advice was provided to a variety of clients, including
National Park Authority staff, in respect of 3 other items of casework.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

35

16

Information and Advice to Developers/Agents and to Scottish Water

16.1

There were 100 requests for information and advice from developers or their agents,
including requests for Sites and Monuments Record extracts for Environmental
Assessments. This raised income of £4,230.95. There were 29 requests for assistancein connection with Scottish Water and Scottish Water Solutions proposals over thereport period. This raised income of £1,150.

17

Agri-Environment Audits

17.1

There was no income from agri-environment casework in the report period because ofdelays in introducing the Scottish Rural Development Scheme.

18

Management of the M74 Completion Archaeology Contracts

18.1

During the report period the Archaeology Service provided management of the Phase
2 archaeology contract in advance of the construction of the completion link between
the M74 and the M8, working to the Appointed Agent for the road procurement –Glasgow City Council Land Services department, as also reported in the last annual
report. Additional staff had been recruited in 2006 to cover the time spent by theService in doing this work. A senior member of WoSAS staff provided on-site
supervision of the contract between September 2007 and April 2008, the excavation
work being done by the contract winners, the joint venture of Headland Archaeology
Ltd and Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd (HAPCA). The Service manager provided
monitoring of the various public archaeology elements of the project. During thereport period an income of £62,237.04 was received by the Service in respect of its
work for the M74 Completion project. The large scale excavations associated with thiscontract were completed in April 2008, but post-excavation analysis by the contractor
will continue until 2011. The public archaeology programme will continue until 31
March 2009. The Service will continue to be paid for its monitoring role in respect ofcontract management.

The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

36

Appendix 1
Annual Performance Statistics 2007-2008 (figures for previous year in brackets forcomparison)
Weekly lists
The performance standard in the WoSAS Service Level Agreement for this area of work is
90% to be monitored and actioned within 14 calendar days of receipt.
Performance
61.5%(52.98%)Planning and Listed Building Consultations
The performance standard in the WoSAS Service Level Agreement for this area of work is
80% to be actioned within 21 calendar days of receipt.
Planning Applications
Argyll & Bute
83.8%
(73.2%)
East Ayrshire
81.5%(73.9%)
East Renfrewshire
96.3%(73.5%)
Glasgow City
75.9%
(76.4%)
Inverclyde
77.7%(60.0%)
North Ayrshire
71.2%(73.3%)
North Lanarkshire
78.1%(61.2%)
Renfrewshire
82.9%(67.9%)South Ayrshire
88.6%(66.7%)South Lanarkshire
80.1%(79.3%)
West Dunbartonshire
85.4%(63.6%)
West Lothian
84.5%(72.8%)
Loch Lomond & Trossachs
90.0%(43.8%)Overall Planning Application Performance

82.36%(72.12%)Other Work Areas
The performance standard agreed with the West Yorkshire Archaeology Service (benchmark
partner) for this area of work is 80% to be actioned within 21 calendar days of receipt.
Agri-Environment Scheme Audits---(94.4%)
Pre-Application Enquiries
85.5%(66.9%)
Permitted Dev/Statutory Undertakings
86.8%(65.3%)
Forest Design Plan---(33.3%)
Woodland Grant Scheme
100%
(25%)
Other Archaeological Consultations
51.2%(61.9)
General/SMR Enquiries
63.6%
(50%)
Other
33.3%
(----)
Policy Liaison---(----)SMR Systems Support & Development---(----)Overall Other Work Performance
70.01%(75.05%)The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire and West Lothian.

37

Appendix 2
WEST OF SCOTLAND ARCHAEOLOGY SERVICEINCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTFOR THE YEAR TO 31 MARCH 2008
2006/07£

2007/08£
Income164,660
67,865
13,285Contribution from participating authorities
Fees & Charges
Interest on balances

170,596
78,656
7,160

245,810

Total Income

256,412

Expenditure
Employee Costs
179,400

Salaries, NI & Superannuation & Employee Related Costs

209,393

Administration Costs
327
8,430
10,4001,001
889
12,876
290
104
595
2,800
37,712Fees & Subscriptions
Travel & Subsistence
Rents
Fixture & Fittings
Printing & Stationery
Equipment Purchase & maintenance
Telephones
Catering
Postage
Audit Fee

131
9,398
10,400217,112

Total Expenditure

240,931

28,69892,786

Surplus/(Deficit) for Year
Surplus Brought Forward

15,481
121,484

121,484

Accumulated Surplus

136,965

390
8,201
129
114
675
2,100
31,538The Archaeology Service of the Councils of Argyll & Bute, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North
Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire.

38