FFJ WORKSHOPThe Future Use ofAutonomous Vehicles
Technology, Public Policy, and Business
20 June 2019 | 11:00-18:00
PSL University, Room 5
60 Rue Mazarine, 75006 ParisRegistration at ffj@ehess.fr
The autonomous vehicle (AV) is set to deeply transform the landscape of the automotive industry and the useof cars in our society. However, the transition to autonomous driving presents enormous uncertainties. This
workshop aims to contribute to the debate on the technical, socio-economic transformation linked to the arrivalof the AV, focusing on some of the fundamental elements of this transformation: technology, public policy, andbusiness. In particular, the following topics will be discussed: historical trajectories of AV technology, pending
technological challenges, public policy on AV deployment, and demonstration experiments of autonomous
mobility. In addition, leadership change in the global AV industry and future scenarios for AV business platforms
are also to be addressed in the workshop. Comparative perspectives among countries are emphasized inthis workshop to improve our understanding of the key aspects of the future use of AVs and AV-based new
mobility services.

Programme11:00 | Forty Years of Research on Autonomous Driving in the US, Europe andJapan: A Transnational Study on Pioneers, Innovations and TechnologicalChange

By Fabian Kröger (Centre d’Histoire des Techniques - Institut d’histoire moderne et contemporaine)
The vision of autonomous driving is nearly hundred years old. It was never realized on the road, but it has avery rich transnational research history. We will present some results of our ongoing study on pioneers andinnovations in forty years of research on autonomous driving in the United States, Europe and Japan (19602000). The first half of the 20th century was dominated by the idea to steer a car with guide-wires in the road.
This vision, explored in the US and Japan during the 1950s and 1960s, depended on the infrastructure. With
the miniaturization of microelectronics in the 1970s autonomous vehicles with on-board computers became
possible. First in Japan and the US, later in Germany, research focused on an automobile that can “see”.
During the 1980s big computing initiatives in the US, Japan and Europe pushed the research efforts further,demo-programs followed during the 1990s. All this was before the DARPA-Challenges and Google.

11:45 | Autonomous Vehicles Technologies and Pending Challenges
By Javier Ibañez-Guzmán (Renault)
For a vehicle to demonstrate autonomous navigation capabilities, different functions need to be successfully
executed: these can be summarised as sensing, reasoning and actuation. The complexities found in road
networks imply that today there are different issues remaining to be addressed. The presentation provides
an insight into the technologies used for autonomous vehicles with regards to examples of work done within
Renault. It will then investigate the challenges in terms of deployment as well as pointers on where work stillneeds to be done for this class of vehicles to be successfully accepted by society.

12:30 | Lunch Break
14:00 | Welcome Remarks
By Sebastien Lechevalier (EHESS, President of FFJ)

14:15 | Public Policy on Autonomous Vehicles in Korea and Japan
By Jee-hoon Ki (EHESS, FFJ/Renault Fellow)
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to substantially transform the landscape of the automotive industry
and the use of cars in our society. Governments in many countries have been formulating public policies onACs to embrace this new paradigm. Public policy is instrumental in socio-economic transformation especiallywhen a new technological paradigm is emerging because public policy provides the “rules of the game” that
affect practices and behaviors of consumers, producers, and intermediaries in a sector. The present study
comparatively analyses public policy on ACs in Korea and Japan. Similarities shed light on the common
components of a policy package on ACs while differences indicate characteristics unique to the respective
countries in the formulation of public policy on ACs. Given that public policy affects practices and behaviorsof actors in a sector, the findings of the present study contribute to a better understanding of the different
trajectories of socio-economic transformation of the three countries in the coming era of AVs.

15:00 | Demonstration Experiment of Autonomous Minibus in Switzerland,
France and Japan

By Soichiro Minami (Chuo University, Former FFJ/Valeo Fellow)
The purpose of this presentation is to elucidate how we realize the social implementation of autonomous vehicle
technology by analyzing case studies of autonomous minibus experiment in Europe and Japan. Autonomousvehicle would solve various transportation problem and improve quality of life (QOL) of less-mobility persons,though it has some risk and uncertainty in safety. So one must inspect impact of Autonomous vehicle about not
only technical matter but also improving QOL and impact to Regional society by demonstration experiment. InEurope, experiments have ever made under the initiative of Local Governments as a long term or permanentbus service. People can use autonomous minibus by daily use. In Japan, largest experiments have evermade under the initiative of Central Governments, as a one-time event. Recently, demonstration experiments
by private companies are also increasing. The implication is that initiative of Local governments is important,so it is needed to promote decentralization of Demonstration Experiment of new mobility technology.

15:45 | Coffee Break
16:10 | Business Platforms for Autonomous Vehicles within Urban Mobility
By Fabio Antonialli (CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay)
With mobility becoming a key factor affecting citizen’s well-being and life-quality, innovative schemes such as
P2P ridesharing business models and Mobility as a Service (MaaS) concepts can have significant impacts
to existing urban transportation business models. Furthermore, one of the most disruptive technologies
regarding the future of urban transportation, is the insertion of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). In this sense, thepresent study aimed at creating future scenarios for Business Platforms for AVs in urban mobility contexts.
We proposed 4 scenarios with real-word examples present in urban mobility today, extrapolated to a future
reality in which AVs are seen as a transport mode; (A) B2C autonomous ridesharing; (B) P2P autonomous
ridesharing; (C) B2C multimodal mobility and; (D) P2C + P2P multimodal mobility. For scenarios A and B theprevailing business model is autonomous ridesharing which can be explained by business platforms theory,
meanwhile for scenarios C and D the underlying business model is sustained by MaaS schemes wherebusiness platforms theory is tied to business ecosystem theory to explain value creation and distribution. We
conclude that, besides the unlikelihood of scenario C, any of the others three have potential to become areality whether AVs become an urban transport mode.

16:55 | Technology Shock, Microdynamics, and Industrial Leadership Change:
Case of Autonomous Car Industry

By Youngsam Chun (Seoul National University)
A technology shock triggers industrial leadership changes in a knowledge-intensive industry. We investigated
the firms’ microdynamics in response to the technology shock in the global autonomous car industry. Resultsof our study of 142 firms in the industry, measuring the tie formation pattern of interorganizational innovation
network, show that the technology shock promoted a network transformation into the decentralized structure
by inducing incumbents to reconfigure their networks and it gives temporal windows of opportunity to thelatecomers.

17:40 | Conclusion

Speakers
Fabio Antonialli (Paris Saclay University)
Doctor and Master in Administration from Federal University of Lavras (Brazil) and alsoholds a degree on Administration from the Federal University of São João del Rei (Brazil).
Research interests include: business models and business platforms of autonomousvehicles and urban mobility, productive chains, consumer behavior, organizational networks
and innovation. Experience in the areas of general administration, human resources,business strategies, marketing strategies, logistics and languages teaching. He is currently
a postdoctoral researcher at the Laboratoire Génie Industriel (CentraleSupélec / Université
Paris-Saclay - France), developing research on the economic and social implications ofautonomous shuttles for collective transports within the scope of the European project
AVENUE H2020.

Youngsam Chun (Seoul National University)
Ph.D. Student, at Seoul National University in Korea. Currently studying the effects oftechnological innovation on the industrial system based on complex network theory. He
has over ten years of experience in researching convergence technologies between theautomotive and ICT industries at the telecommunication lab in Korea and has an US
patent (US8948929B2) on autonomous vehicles.

Javier Ibañez-Guzmán (Renault)
Javier Ibañez-Guzmán obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Reading on a SERCUK
fellowship, and his MSEE at the University of Pennsylvania (USA) on a Fulbrightscholarship. In 2011, he was a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley,working on connected vehicle applications. He is currently a member of the technicalstaff at Renault S.A., carrying out work on autonomous vehicle navigation technologies
and driving assistance systems. Formerly he was a senior scientist at a national research
institute in Singapore, where he spearheaded work on autonomous ground vehicles
operating in unstructured environments, he was also an adjoint associate professor at Nanyang TechnologicalUniversity. Dr. Ibañez-Guzmán has several publications and patents in the robotics and automotive domains.
He has successfully supervised several Ph.D. students. He is a C.Eng. (UK) and Fellow of the Institute ofEngineering Technology (UK).

Jeehoon Ki (EHESS, 2018 FFJ/Renault Fellow)
Jee-hoon Ki is an associate research fellow at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology
Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP). He holds a PhD in Economics at Seoul National
University, Korea. His research focuses on industrial leadership shift from incumbent
countries or firms to latecomers when a new techno-economic paradigm emerges. As
the 2018 Renault/CEAFJP fellow of the Fondation France-Japon (FFJ) de Ecole desHautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), he is now studying the public policy on
autonomous cars in France, Japan, and Korea from a comparative perspective.

Fabian Kröger (IHMC)
Fabian Kröger holds a PhD in History of Technology and Cultural Sciences from the University
Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and the Humboldt-University of Berlin. He is a member of theCentre d’Histoire des Techniques (Institut d’histoire moderne et contemporaine (IHMC),
CNRS, ENS, Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, France. His main research topic is theCultural history of technology, especially the technical and cultural history of autonomousdriving. Actually he is writing a book about 40 years of research on autonomous driving in
the US, Europe and Japan (1960-2000), financed by the University of the Federal ArmedForces, Germany.
His latest publications include: L’histoire techno-imaginaire du véhicule autonome, in: Kröger, Fabian,Maestrutti, Marina (ed.), Les Imaginaires et les Techniques, Presses des Mines, Paris 2018, p. 149-166;
Kröger, Fabian, Weber, Jutta (Guest-editors), Degendering the Driver?, Special Issue, in: Transfers –Interdisciplinary Journal for Mobility Studies, Vol. 8, N° 1, Spring 2018.

Soichiro Minami (Chuo University, 2018 FFJ/Valeo Fellow)
Soichiro Minami is Assistant Professor at Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan. He was FFJ/Valeo Fellow in 2018. He holds a Ph.D in Economics (2013, Kyoto University). His researchtopics are: Economics, Public Finance, Environmental Social Science, Transportation
Policy Study. His Research achievements include: French Urban Transportation Policy
from viewpoint of Public Finance (Doctoral Thesis Theme), Case Study of Tram Projects
in France and Spain, Public Participation in Transportation Policy, Ridesharing Service inJapanese rural area.