Cambodia-Japan Symposium
on Ecotechnologies“Conversion to Achieve Eco-society throughthe Industry-Government-Academia Collaboration
toward Sustainability & Quality of Life”
12–13 December 2019
Jointly organized by Honda Foundation &Royal University of Phnom Penh

Contents
For Publication .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Profile of Participants ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Program Day 1 (12th Dec.)
Welcome Session ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21
Mr. Hiroto ISHIDA, President, Honda Foundation
H.E. Dr. Chealy CHET, Rector of RUPP

Opening Remarks ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
H.E. Dr. Visalsok TOUCH, Secretary of State, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport
H.E. Mr. Masahiro MIKAMI, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Japan to
the Kingdom of Cambodia

Keynote Speeches .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33“Economic Diversification”
H.E. Dr. Kalyan MEY, Senior Advisor, Supreme National Economic Council, Royal Government of
Cambodia/Chair of Board of Trustees of RUPP
“Cambodian Efforts to Develop Human Resources and Science and Technology”
Dr. Michiharu NAKAMURA, Counsellor to the President of Japan Science andTechnology Agency (JST)/Member of UN IATT-STI 10 Member“Science, Technology and Innovation for a Sustainable andInclusive Society with Public-Private Partnership”

Session 1 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 43“Inclusive and Sustainable Smart City”
H.E. Dr. Rethy CHHEM, Minister attached to Prime Minister
Dr. Akinori MORIMOTO, Professor, Waseda University, Faculty of Science and Engineering/
School of Creative Science and Engineering“Smart Sharing City for Sustainable Society: The Strategies for
Integrating Compact and Smart City”
Dr. Chanthy LAY, Deputy Head of Research Office, RUPPDr. Shizuo IWATA, Chairman, ALMEC Corporation“A Practical Approach to Sustainable City Planning and Development”

Panel Discussion Following Session 1 ...................................................................................................................................... 61
Dr. Soth SOK, Moderator, Dean, Faculty of Education, RUPP
H.E. Dr. Rethy CHHEM, Minister attached to Prime Minister
Dr. Akinori MORIMOTO, Professor, Waseda University, Faculty of Science and Engineering/
School of Creative Science and Engineering
Dr. Chanthy LAY, Deputy Head of Research Office, RUPPDr. Shizuo IWATA, Chairman, ALMEC Corporation

Session 2 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 65“Private Sector Involvement in Human Resource and Career Development
for Future Eco-society”
Mr. Hong Kok CHEA, Director of Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy Department, Secretariat, Entrepreneurship
Development Funds, the Ministry of Economy and Finance
Dr. Tomohiro FUJITA, Founder & CEO of Chitose Group/(Member of Bioeconomy Strategy Council,
CABINET SECRETARIAT)“Creation of a New Business with Cambodia”
Mr. Sopagna SEANG, Vice-President of Young Entrepreneur Association of Cambodia
Mr. Kei IINUMA, Incubation and Investment Manager from KSP, Inc.
“Human Resource Development through Japanese Science Park’s 30 Years of Accumulated
Practices for Kanagawa Science Park (KSP)”

Panel Discussion Following Session 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 83
Dr. Hirohisa UCHIDA, Moderator, Executive Director of HOF, Distinguished Professor,
Tokai University/President and CEO, KSP Inc.
Mr. Hong Kok CHEA, Director of Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy Department, Secretariat,
Entrepreneurship Development Funds, the Ministry of Economy and Finance
Dr. Tomohiro FUJITA, Founder & CEO of Chitose Group/(Member of Bioeconomy Strategy Council,
CABINET SECRETARIAT)
Mr. Sopagna SEANG, Vice-President of Young Entrepreneur Association of Cambodia
Mr. Kei IINUMA, Incubation and Investment Manager from KSP, Inc.

Wrap-Up Panel Discussion .......................................................................................................................................................................... 87“STEM Human Resource Development for Next Generation”
Prof. Tateo ARIMOTO, Moderator, Executive Director of HOF/Visiting Professor,
National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies/Principal Fellow,
CRDS at Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Dr. Chan Oeurn CHEY, Vice Dean, Faculty of Science, RUPP
Dr. Tomohiro FUJITA, Founder & CEO of Chitose Group/(Member of Bioeconomy Strategy Council,
CABINET SECRETARIAT)
Mr. Hong Kok CHEA, Director of Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy Department, Secretariat,
Entrepreneurship Development Funds, the Ministry of Economy and Finance
Dr. Junichi TAKADA, Professor and Vice President for International Affairs, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Closing Remark ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 91
Dr. Kazuko MATSUMOTO, Executive Director, Honda Foundation

Program Day 2 (13th Dec.)
Opening Remark ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 93
Dr. Mitsunobu KANO, Executive Director of HOF/Vice Executive Director and Professor, Okayama University/(Science and Technology Co-Advisor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs)

Panel Discussion Following Session 1 (Day 1) ............................................................................................................... 97“Inclusive and Sustainable Smart City”
Dr. Mitsunobu KANO, Moderator, Executive Director of HOF/Vice Executive Director and Professor,
Okayama University/(Science and Technology Co-Advisor to
the Minister for Foreign Affairs)
Dr. Akinori MORIMOTO, Professor, Waseda University, Faculty of Science and Engineering/School of
Creative Science and Engineering
Dr. Shizuo IWATA, Chairman, ALMEC Corporation
Mr. Thanh Yen LE, Y-E-S Vietnam 2015 Awardee
Mr. Satyam MOHLA, Y-E-S India 2017 Awardee
Dr. Monorom RITH, Y-E-S Cambodia 2012 Awardee
Mrs. Thipphamala MANIVONG, Y-E-S Laos 2009 Awardee
Ms. Suu Malar WIN, Y-E-S Myanmar 2016 Awardee
Mr. Mony SOEURN, Student Year 4, Department of IT Engineering, RUPP
Mr. KimAng KHEANG, Graduated Student 2019 from Department of IT Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Chhengkeang LY, Student Year 3, Department of IT Engineering, RUPP
Mr. Kimhong SAM, Student Year 4, Department of Telecommunication & Electronic Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Channtha SUM, Student Year 4, Department of Tourism, RUPP
Ms. Kakruna OUK, Graduated Student 2019, Department of Bio-Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Somethea TANN, Student Year 4, Department of Media & Communication, RUPPPanel Discussion Following Session 2 (Day 1) ............................................................................................................... 101“Private Sector Involvement in Human Resource and Career Development for
Future Eco-society”
Dr. Nobuko KAYASHIMA, Moderator, Senior Vice President of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/
Honda Foundation International Committee Member
Dr. Nguonly TAING, Executive Director, Techo Startup Center, Ministry of Economy and Finance
Mr. Kei IINUMA, Incubation and Investment Manager from KSP, Inc.
Dr. Junichi TAKADA, Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology/Vice President for International Affairs
Dr. Ngoc Do Quyen CHAU, Y-E-S Vietnam 2011 Awardee
Mr. Sai Uttej KODURI, Y-E-S India 2018 Awardee
Ms. Sothearath SOK, Y-E-S Cambodia 2018 Awardee
Mr. Leego VANH, Y-E-S Laos 2012 Awardee
Ms. Pwint Phyu THANT, Y-E-S Myanmar 2017 Awardee
Ms. Lyheng PHAN, Student Year 3, Department of IT Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Darinah Pich LEANG, Student Year 4, Department of Tourism, RUPP
Ms. Monysolida SAN, Student Year 4, Department of Bio-Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Kakruna OUK, Graduated Student 2019, Department of Bio-Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Somethea TANN, Student Year 4, Department of Media & Communication, RUPP

Conclusion Speeches ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 107
Mr. Akira KOJIMA, Director of HOF/President of Center for International Economic Collaboration (CIEC)
Dr. Chan Oeurn CHEY, Vice Dean, Faculty of Science, RUPPDr. Sovann EN, Y-E-S Cambodia 2009 Awardee

For Publication
Conversion to Achieve Eco-society throughthe Industry-Government-Academia Collaboration
toward Sustainability & Quality of Life
The present report is an account of the speeches and remarks from the international symposium
entitled “Conversion to Achieve Eco-society through the Industry-Government-Academia
Collaboration toward Sustainability & Quality of Life” held on Dec 12–13, 2019 in Phnom Penh,
Cambodia. This symposium is jointly organized by the Royal University of Phnom Penh, andHonda Foundation. The Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP), one of the oldest and largest
public universities in Cambodia, opened in January 1960, began its master’s program in 2001
with a commitment to higher education.
The goal of the symposium was to discuss how we should promote innovation to support thesustainable development of science and technology in harmony with the human and naturalenvironments, focusing on inclusive and sustainable smart city and career development for
future Eco-society. On the first day, speakers with varied experience from diverse fields
including academia, research institutes, industry, and governmental organizations provided
insightful observations and opinions to an audience, and we held three panel discussions. On
the Second day, we held two panel discussions inviting Honda Y-E-S awardees and RUPP
students as panelists.
This was the first symposium having panel discussions inviting Y-E-S awardees as well asuniversity students as panelists. The experts and young scientists had actively discussed
various issues to realize the inclusive society and how we should work together towardsustainable future.
We hope this activity had made some contribution to sharing the value and ecotechnology
among the participants and strengthening the relationship between Cambodia and Japan in
the field of science and technology.
At Honda Foundation, our founding prospectus states that our mission is to contribute to“creating a truly humane civilization.” It is our fervent hope that the discussions and friendships
cultivated through this symposium will contribute to the realization of a truly humane societyof the future.

Akihiro KAMEOKAManaging Director, Honda Foundation

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Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Profile of Participants

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

5Profile of Participants

Day 1 Welcome Session & Opening Remarks

Welcome Session
Cambodian Speaker

H.E. Dr. Chealy CHET, Rector of RUPP
Chet Chealy actively involves in three realms, public, civil society and academic sectors in Cambodia.
He began his work at Cambodia’s Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport in 1986. Chealy was a deputy
Secretary-General of Accreditation Committee of Cambodia (ACC) from 2003 to 2007 and a deputy
Secretary-General of Economic, Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOC) of the Office of Council of
Ministers from 2007 to 2009. He was assigned by the Royal Government of Cambodia as Cambodia’s
Alternate Representative to ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) for
2009–2012 term when ASEAN Human Rights Declaration was developed and adopted.
Chealy is now rector of Royal University of Phnom Penh and vice president of Cambodian Human
Rights Committee with ranking equivalent to minister. He is also assigned by the Royal Government asa national expert on anti-corruption to the United Nations.
Dr. Chealy earned his MA and Ph.D. degree in International Development from Nagoya University,
Japan. His research interest includes higher education, human rights, and public management.

Japanese Speaker

Mr. Hiroto ISHIDA, President of Honda Foundation
Hiroto Ishida has been President of Honda Foundation since 2011. He received his B.A. in Nuclear
Engineering from the University of Tokyo Faculty of Engineering in 1964 and obtained M.A. in Political
Science at the University of Illinois in 1970. In 1964, Ishida joined Science and Technology Agency(“STA”). After Vice Minister of STA from 1995 to 1998, he was appointed to the Ambassador to Czech
Republic from 1999 to 2003. In 2004, he was appointed to President of Kanazawa Gakuin University, in2005 he was appointed to the General Manager of National Museum of Emerging Science andInnovation. In 2010, he became President Emeritus of Kanazawa Gakuin University. In 2018, he became
Chairman of Public Komatsu University. Currently besides Honda Foundation, he is the Chairman of
Nuclear Safety Technology Center, President of Maeda Ikutoku Foundation, Chair of Association for
Traditional Performing Arts of Japan and Member of Management Council of the National Graduate
Institute for Policy Studies.

Opening Remarks
Cambodian Speaker

H.E. Dr. Visalsok TOUCH, Secretary of State, Ministry of Education, Youth and SportDr. Touch Visalsok is currently Secretary of State of Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS),
Kingdom of Cambodia, in charge of quality assurance of higher education in Cambodia. He has been
educated both in-country and abroad. After obtaining his Bachelor Degree of Science in Chemistryfrom Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP) in 1993, he joined Royal University of Agriculture (RUA) as
a lecturer in Chemistry. He obtained his Master Degree in Agricultural Science from The University of
Queensland (UQ), Australia, in 1999 and Doctor of Philosophy (majoring in food science) from Ehime
University, Japan, in 2004. In 2005, he joined UQ again as a post-doctoral fellow conducting his
research on dairy science.
He served as Dean of Graduate School of RUA from 2004 to May 2008, and Rector of University ofBattambang (UBB) from June 2008 to 2013 before being appointed to be Under-Secretary of State of
MOEYS in 2013 and Secretary of State of MOEYS in 2018.
Dr. Touch Visalsok has been involved in teaching and doing research on education, agriculture andmanagement and has been authors and co-authors of a number of research articles, peer-reviews andchapters and books in reputed international journals.

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Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Profile of Participants

Japanese Speaker

H.E. Mr. Masahiro MIKAMI,

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Japan to the Kingdom of Cambodia
Career at MOFA
1986.4 Joined Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
2008.1 Director, First Middle East Division
2009.7 Director, Press Affairs Division, Minister’s Secretariat
2010.7 Director, International Legal Affairs Division
2014.9 Deputy Director-General, European Affairs Bureau
2015.1 Deputy Assistant Vice-Minister (Parliamentary Affairs)
2016.7 Deputy Director-General, International Legal Affairs Bureau
2017.7 Assistant Minister, Director-General of International Legal Affairs Bureau
Overseas Posts
1989–1991 Second Secretary, Embassy of Japan in Egypt
1999–2001 First Secretary, Embassy of Japan in the U.S.A.
2001–2003 Counsellor, Embassy of Japan in Thailand
2012–2014 Minister, Embassy of Japan in China
2019.7–
Present Position
Education
1986.3 The University of Tokyo (LL. B.)
1989.6 Oxford University (P.P.E.) (M.A.)
Teaching Career
Visiting Lecturer at Kyushu University (Graduate School of Law), Waseda University (Faculty ofLaw), Chuo University (Faculty of Law), University of Tokyo (Graduate School of Public Policy).

Day 1 Keynote Speeches

Economic Diversification
Cambodian Speaker

H.E. Dr. Kalyan MEY, Senior Advisor, Supreme National Economic Council, Royal
Government of Cambodia/Chair of Board of Trustees of RUPPCurrently, he has three official positions in the Royal Government of Cambodia as: (1) Senior Advisor(Minister rank) to the Supreme National Economic Council (SNEC), an economic think tank to the Prime
Minister; (2) Chairman of the board of the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP); and (3) Chairman of
Cambodia Development Resource Institute (CDRI). He is also: (a) Chairman of Cambodia-Japan
Association for Business and Investment (CJBI); (b) Chairman of Cambodian Agriculture Cooperative
Corporation (CACC) with more than 5,000 farm households; (c) Chairman of Center of Policy Studies(CPS); (d) Independent board director of CIMB bank, Cambodia; and (e) Independent board director ofPrudential Life, Cambodia. Before that, he has worked for more than 20 years as senior economist andcountry director at the UN/FAO-World Bank Cooperative Program based in Rome, Italy. He worked also
as financial officer of Kanematsu Gosho Co., Ltd. a Japanese trading house, in Osaka and Tokyo in
mid-1980’s. He earned his doctor degree in 1984 in development economics from Kobe University,
Japan. Now, he is happy to be back home in Cambodia since 2008, after spending 35 years abroad. He
is using experience acquired while study and work in Japan as well as in the world to help thedevelopment of Cambodia and the Asia region.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

7Profile of Participants

Japanese Speaker

Dr. Michiharu NAKAMURA,

Counsellor to the President of Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan (JST),
Member of UN IATT-STI 10
Dr. Nakamura graduated from the University of Tokyo and joined Hitachi Central Research Laboratory
in 1967, where he was engaged in compound semiconductors and optoelectronics research. He is
entitled an IEEE fellow and a JSAP fellow for his pioneering achievements in optoelectronics. In 2004,
he was appointed to Executive Vice President and Executive Officer of Hitachi Ltd. and then the Boardof Directors. He was responsible for corporate technology development and new business incubation.
In 2011, he assumed the office of the President of Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), where
policy-driven R&D funding is a major mission. After completing four-year presidency, he has been
serving as the Counsellor to the President of JST. He is currently serving as the Deputy Chairman of theEngineering Academy of Japan, a member of the Advisory Board for Promotion of Science andTechnology Diplomacy and a member of the UN 10 Member Group supporting the Technology
Facilitation Mechanism for STI for SDGs.

Day 1 Session 1

Inclusive and Sustainable Smart City
Cambodian Speaker

H.E. Dr. Rethy CHHEM, Minister attached to Prime Minister
Professor CHHEM Kieth Rethy is a medical doctor, science diplomat, educator and historian withextended experience in Digital Science & Technology, Global Health Diplomacy, Nuclear Technology
Policy, and Executive Education. He was Professor of Radiology in Canada, Singapore, Austria andJapan for 30 years. He was the Chair of the Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department of Universityof Western Ontario. He was the Director of the Division of Human Health at the International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA). He holds a MD, a PhD in Education and a PhD in History. He published morethan 100 scientific articles and edited 17 textbooks. He was invited keynote speaker in more than 70
countries. Over the last 3 decades, he developed a deep expertise in international development, digitaltransformation, and nuclear science Communication. From 2014 to 2019, he was the Executive Director of
the Cambodian Development Resource Institute (CDRI), a leading think tank in Cambodia, that ranked at
the Top 100 of the University of Pennsylvania Global Think Tank ranking. He is also a member of Advisory
Board of the International Center for Higher Education Innovation (UNESCO) at the Southern University of
Science and Technology in Shenzhen. He is a distinguished visiting professor at the Atomic Bomb Disease
Institute, Nagasaki, Hiroshima and Fukushima Medical University. He is a cofounder of China Studies
Center at CDRI. He is an international advisor to the China Institute of International Studies in Beijing anda Senior Fellow at the Asia-Pacific Fellows Network of the East West Institute in New York City.
In May 2019, Professor CHHEM Kieth Rethy was appointed by royal decree, Minister Delegate,
Attached to the Prime Minister.

Cambodian Speaker

Dr. Chanthy LAY, Deputy Head of Research Office, RUPP
Dr. Lay Chanthy is a deputy head of research office of the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP). He isa senior lecturer at the Royal University of Phnom Penh in field of environment. Dr. Chanthy obtained
his Master and Doctoral degrees in Urban Environmental Management in 1999 and 2010, respectively,from the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok, Thailand. Since 1996 to present, he has studied
and worked mainly in environmental management, particularly in areas of urban environment, waste
management, impact assessment, and climate change. He has substantial working and researches
experiences on these areas. In addition, he has served as freelance consultant for various ADB, World
Bank, and development partners projects in Cambodia. Dr. Chanthy’s research papers were mainly
published at international journals including journals of Environmental Impact Assessment Review,
Waste Management and Research, Environmental Management, Environment and Urbanization, andjournal of Resource, Recycling, and Conservation.

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Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Profile of Participants

Japanese Speaker

Dr. Akinori MORIMOTO,

Professor, Waseda University, Faculty of Science and Engineering/School of
Creative Science and Engineering
Prof. Morimoto Akinori graduated from Waseda University’s Graduate School in 1989. He worked as
assistant professor for Waseda and Utsunomiya Universities, as researcher for MIT and most recently as
professor at Utsunomiya University. Currently he is professor at Waseda University’s department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering.

Japanese Speaker

Dr. Shizuo IWATA, Chairman, ALMEC Corporation
Dr. IWATA, a founder and chairman of ALMEC Corporation based in Tokyo, has been engaged in urban
and transportation planning fields in developing cities for more than 50 years for JICA and otherinternational organizations including the World Bank (WB) and Asian Development Bank (ADB) as aconsultant.
His areas of activities are mainly in Asia including Vietnam, the Philippines, China, Indonesia, Thailand,
Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Mongolia, Bangladesh and others.
He leads teams of consultants with a wide range of expertise to undertake many large-scale multidisciplinary strategic studies. He was also a visiting professor of the Graduate School of Waseda University
in Japan and contributed in establishing the Transportation Science Societies in the Philippines,
Mongolia, and Vietnam. Dr. Iwata obtained his doctorate in Engineering from the University of Tokyo withhis thesis on public transportation development in large urban areas of developing countries.

Panel Discussion 1 Moderator

Dr. Soth SOK, Dean, Faculty of Education, RUPPDr. Sok Soth graduated from De La Salle University, Philippines with a Master’s Degree in Language
Teaching. In 2013, he obtained his Ph.D. in Education from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
For more than ten years, Soth has been an Applied Linguistics lecturer, researcher, and teacher trainer
at the Department of English (DOE), Institute of Foreign Languages (IFL), RUPP. He became the BA
coordinator in DOE, IFL from 2013–15. Since 2015, Soth has been the faculty representative for the
Board of Trustees of RUPP. In 2016 he was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Education, RUPP. He also is
the head of the strategic team, a think tank for RUPP. In addition to his management roles, Soth is alsosupervising postgraduate students in both MA in TESOL and M.Ed. at RUPP.
Soth’s teaching and research interests focus on language and culture, particularly how they bothinfluence each other in one’s conception and performance of self in his/her being and becoming. Sothis also interested in comparative education, education internationalization, and dropouts.
Presently, Soth is conducting and co-conducting various research projects related to dropouts, andGender Responsive Education, adaptive teaching and learning approach research. He is currently
supervising WB project for secondary school teachers and principals upgrading.

Panel Discussion 1 Panelists

H.E. Dr. Rethy CHHEM, Minister attached to Prime Minister
Dr. Chanthy LAY (following Session 1), Deputy Head of Research Office, RUPP
Dr. Akinori MORIMOTO (following Session 1),

Professor, Waseda University, Faculty of Science and Engineering/School of Creative Science and Engineering

Dr. Shizuo IWATA (following Session 1), Chairman, ALMEC Corporation
Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

9Profile of Participants

Day 1 Session 2

Private Sector Involvement in Human Resource andCareer Development for Future Eco-society
Cambodian Speaker

Mr. Hong Kok CHEA,

Director of Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy Department, Secretariat,
Entrepreneurship Development Funds, the Ministry of Economy and Finance
Mr. CHEA Kok Hong is a senior economist and a director of macroeconomic and fiscal policy department.
He has a well-rounded experience in analyzing and formulating macroeconomic, tax and private sector
supporting policies. His significant initiatives include the government tax policy reforms, the Skills
Development Fund, SMEs tax incentives and the Entrepreneurship Development Fund.
Mr. Kok Hong graduated master’s degree in Public Policy from Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy,
National University of Singapore. He has attended in a variety of executive training programs including
economic policy, entrepreneurship, leadership, digital government, tax policy and administration, etc.
from well-known institutions and universities such as IMF, World Bank, ADB, Harvard University,
Stanford University and University of California, Berkeley.

Cambodian Speaker

Mr. Sopagna SEANG, Vice-President of Young Entrepreneur Association of Cambodia
Mr. Seang Sopagna is currently President of Cambodia-ASEAN International Institute and Managing
Director of Bridge International Translation Company. He is also a co-director for Public andInternational Relations of the Asian Association of Translation Industry based in Bangkok, Thailand andVice President of Young Entrepreneurs Association of Cambodia. Currently, he is also a board memberof Cambodia Development Center, a development and policy research think-tank of Cambodia.
Before that he held several key positions with both local and international entities, i.e., Forte Insurance(Cambodia) Plc. as a Senior Executive for Training and Development and the Khmer Rouge Tribunal as a Senior
Interpreter. He was the president of Australian Alumni Association of Cambodia from 2012–2014 and Presidentof SSEAYP International Cambodia from 2004–2006. He has taught in various universities in Phnom Penh.
He got accredited as a certified master trainer for ASEAN In-company Training. He has become an
executive coach and trainer for more than ten years in management, leadership, public speaking,business writing, finance, and marketing.
Mr. Seang Sopagna holds Master’s Degree in Public Policy and Management from Carnegie Mellon
University, Australia and Master’s Degree in Economics from Royal Academy of Cambodia.

Japanese Speaker

Dr. Tomohiro FUJITA,

Founder & CEO of Chitose Group/(Member of Bioeconomy Strategy Council,
CABINET SECRETARIAT)
Born in 1973. Graduated from The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life
Sciences. Throughout his time in university, Dr. Fujita was thinking how to create a society based on
biotechnology that is necessary to humans and how to create a society where everyone can dowhatever they eager to do. He swore to seek a way to implement biotechnology in society not as ascholar but as a businessman. While learning actual business management at the Strategy Consulting
Department in Accenture Japan Ltd., he studied the concepts and perspectives of business and humanresource management that is required to realize the society he wants to create.
After that, starting with Chitose Laboratory Corp., he established numerous social problem-solving
biotechnology companies and grew members working there. He is looking for a better way to turncutting-edge biotechnology into businesses and provide them to society, from the perspective of
mankind a thousand years from now and what they think are businesses that the 21st century should
be engaged in. He has been assigned as a member of bioeconomy strategy council in the cabinet
secretariat office and support establishment of innovation policy for development of the bio industry.

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Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Profile of Participants

Japanese Speaker

Mr. Kei IINUMA,

Incubation and Investment Manager, KSP, Inc.
(Kanagawa Science Park, which is the 30-year old largest Science Park in Japan)
Mr. Iinuma graduated from WASEDA University and joined Bank of Tokyo (currently MUFG Bank, Ltd.) in
1992, where he engaged in corporate finance in Kamata Brunch, Beijing Brunch, etc. In 2000, he joined
Taiwan Venture Capital as a founding member and also Kawasaki Business Incubation Center as afounding member. In 2007, joined KSP, Inc. He has been mainly involved in KSP Biotech Lab. in Life
Innovation Center as a founding member. He participated in an Expert Group Meeting on Science andTechnology Park organized by United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific(UN ESCAP) in 2018. “Establishing Science and Technology Parks: A Reference Guidebook for
Policymakers in Asia and the Pacific.” was issued based on the discussion.

Panel Discussion 2 Moderator

Dr. Hirohisa UCHIDA,

Executive Director of HOF, Distinguished Professor, Tokai University/
President and CEO, KSP Inc.
Dr. Hirohisa Uchida, Distinguished Professor of Tokai University (TU), is acting as President/CEO of KSP(Kanagawa Science Park) Inc., Japan to foster start-ups/venture companies, and to provide a global
platform for entrepreneurs. He is working with many research/science parks in Asia as Honorary
President of ASPA (Asian Science Park Association). His experience with university-industry-government
collaboration and fostering university-led venture has been accumulated during his work at TU for 40
years. He served as Professor of Departments of Applied Physics/Nuclear Engineering, TU. He
contributed to university’s management as Board of Trustee, Vice Chancellor, Dean of Schools ofEngineering/Information & Design Engineering, etc. His activity is extended globally as members of
UNESCO University-Industry-Government Collaboration Committee, International Advisory Board ofKing Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, and as Representative in Japan of Federal State of BadenWürttemberg, Germany, for economic and industrial promotion. In his expertise, he is active in realizing
a hydrogen society as Fellow/Vice President of International Association for Hydrogen Energy. He
received Dr. rer. nat. from University of Stuttgart and was researcher at Max-Planck-Institute for Metals
Research, Germany (75–81). He published 293 research papers, 21 books, and 201 newspaper columns.
Based on his academic achievement, he is Honorary Member of German Society of Materials (DGM).

Panel Discussion 2 Panelists

Mr. Hong Kok CHEA (following Session 2),

Director of Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy Department, Secretariat,
Entrepreneurship Development Funds, the Ministry of Economy and Finance

Dr. Tomohiro FUJITA (following Session 2),

Founder & CEO of Chitose Group/(Member of Bioeconomy Strategy Council, CABINET SECRETARIAT)

Mr. Sopagna SEANG (following Session 2), Vice-President of Young Entrepreneur Association of Cambodia
Mr. Kei IINUMA (following Session 2), Incubation and Investment Manager from KSP, Inc.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

11Profile of Participants

Day 1 Wrap-Up Panel Discussion

Wrap-Up Panel Discussion for STEM Human Resource
Development for Next Generation
Wrap-Up Panel Discussion Moderator

Prof. Tateo ARIMOTO,

Executive Director of HOF/Visiting Professor, National Graduate Institute for
Policy Studies/Principal Fellow, CRDS at Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
Tateo Arimoto is Visiting Professor and Deputy Director, Science, Technology and Innovation Policy
Research Center at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) and also Principal Fellow
at Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Vice Director General, International Institute forAdvanced Studies.
He served as Director General of Science & Technology Policy Bureau of the Ministry of Education andScience and held the position of Executive Research Fellow at the Economic and Social ResearchInstitute of the Cabinet office.
He has played an active role in public policy making and implementation in the area of science,technology and innovation in Japan and is a major promoter of science of STI policy withmultidisciplinary approach.
He has been a co-chairperson of the OECD study projects on “Scientific advice,” “Research funding
system” and “Transdisciplinary research.” He is a member of the program committee of the International
Network for Government Science Advice (INGSA), the special committee of Science Diplomacy at the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, and United Nations STI Forum for Sustainable Development Goals.

Wrap-Up Panel Discussion Panelists

Dr. Chan Oeurn CHEY, Vice Dean, Faculty of Science, RUPP
Chan Oeurn Chey graduated his PhD from the Department of Science and Technology, Institute ofTechnology, Linköping University, Sweden in January 2015. He is working as person in charge ofGraduate School of Science at the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP). Chan Oeurn also works as avice dean of the Faculty of Science, in charge of research and international relations, of RUPP. He also
works as teacher trainer and team leader for Cambodia team for the Asian Physics Olympiad (APhO),
International Physics Olympiad (IPhO), Search for SEAMEO Young Scientists (SSYS), APT-JSO and Global
Natural History Day (GNHD) competitions. Currently, he is working as the project coordinator for
science program in the Sweden-RUPP bilateral program (2019–2023) and as coordinator of researchcomponent at RUPP for Higher Education Improvement Project (HEIP 2018–2023).

Dr. Junichi TAKADA,

Professor and Vice President for International Affairs, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Junichi Takada has been vice president for international affairs at Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo
Tech) since March 2019. He concurrently serves as a professor at the School of Environment andSociety, and the director of the Center for International Education.
He received Doctor of Engineering degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Tokyo Tech in
1992. After serving in Chiba University for two years, he was as an associate professor at Tokyo Tech
until 2006, when he became a professor. He served as the chair of the Department of Transdisciplinary
Science and Engineering from 2016 to 2018.
He was also an international planning officer from 2002 to 2017 at the International Office, where hecommitted to every aspect of the international affairs in Tokyo Tech.
His research areas are wireless communications, radio wave propagation and the applied radio
measurements, as well as the ICT applications for international development.
He is currently the chief advisor of JICA project entitled “Project for Strengthening Engineering
Education and Research for Industrial Development in Cambodia.”

12

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Profile of Participants

Dr. Tomohiro FUJITA (speaker of Session 2),

Founder & CEO of Chitose Group/(Member of Bioeconomy Strategy Council, CABINET SECRETARIAT)

Mr. Hong Kok CHEA (speaker of Session 2),

Director of Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy Department, Secretariat,
Entrepreneurship Development Funds, the Ministry of Economy and FinanceDay 1 Closing Remark

Closing Remark
Japanese Speaker

Dr. Kazuko MATSUMOTO, Executive Director, Honda Foundation
Kazuko Matsumoto was born in Tokyo, Japan. She was educated at Department of Chemistry, theUniversity of Tokyo for B. S. in 1972, M. S. in 1974, and PhD in 1977. She joined the same department as
research associate in 1977, then moved in 1984 to Department of Chemistry, Waseda University inTokyo as associate professor, where she was promoted to a full professor in 1989. During these years,
she spent also several short periods as visiting scholar or visiting professor at MIT, USA, Institute of
Molecular Science, Japan, and several major universities in Japan. During 2002–2005 she served as amember of The Council of Science and Technology Policy (Cabinet Office of Japanese Government).
Her major research area is metal coordination chemistry and inorganic analytical chemistry, more
specifically; (i) development of lanthanide complexes as luminescent bio-labels for time-resolved
detection in immunoassay and imaging. (ii) linear Pt chain complexes having Pt-Pt-Pt multiple bonds
as spin and electro-conducting materials. Since 2012, she has been a director of Honda Foundationand contributing for the promotion of young scientists and engineers in Asian countries, and also forhonoring scientific and engineering excellence established by pioneering researchers in the world.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

13Profile of Participants

Day 2Opening Remark and Panel Discussion1 Moderator

Dr. Mitsunobu KANO,

Executive Director of HOF/Vice Executive Director and Professor, Okayama University/(Science and Technology Co-Advisor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs)
Dr. Kano has experienced clinical medicine, research in medical engineering, and public services
including academy activities and governmental commitments. The public services led him to efforts indeveloping education for general sciences, including those for the SDGs into university administration.
Dr. Kano graduated from and started research activity in the University of Tokyo, did his clinicalresidency in St. Luke’s International Hospital, and is now Professor and Vice Executive Director in
Okayama University. As the latter role he led the university to be awarded by the Japanese government
for achieving the SDGs in 2017, and now serves as Chair of SDGs Initiatives Planning Committee.
Meanwhile he led to establish a new interdisciplinary graduate school focusing on the health caresystems in the university. Dr. Kano was the former Deputy Chair of the Young Academy Japan, and aformer Executive Committee member of the Global Young Academy (GYA). Dr. Kano has beencommissioned as the Science and Technology Co-Adviser to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan
since 2019.

Panel Discussion 1 Panelists

Dr. Akinori MORIMOTO (following Session 1 of Day 1),

Professor, Waseda University, Faculty of Science and Engineering/School of Creative Science and Engineering

Dr. Shizuo IWATA (following Session 1 of Day 1), Chairman, ALMEC Corporation
Mr. Thanh Yen LE, Y-E-S Vietnam 2015 Awardee
Mr. Satyam MOHLA, Y-E-S India 2017 Awardee
Dr. Monorom RITH, Y-E-S Cambodia 2012 Awardee
Mrs. Thipphamala MANIVONG, Y-E-S Laos 2009 Awardee
Ms. Suu Malar WIN, Y-E-S Myanmar 2016 Awardee
Mr. Mony SOEURN, Student Year 4, Department of IT Engineering, RUPP
Mr. KimAng KHEANG, Graduated Student 2019 from Department of IT Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Chhengkeang LY, Student Year 3, Department of IT Engineering, RUPP
Mr. Kimhong SAM, Student Year 4, Department of Telecommunication & Electronic Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Channtha SUM, Student Year 4, Department of Tourism, RUPP
Ms. Kakruna OUK, Graduated Student 2019, Department of Bio-Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Somethea TANN, Student Year 4, Department of Media & Communication, RUPP

14

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Profile of Participants

Panel Discussion 2 Moderator

Dr. Nobuko KAYASHIMA,

Senior Vice President of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)/
Honda Foundation International Committee Member
She joined JICA after graduating from Kyoto University in 1982, and has been playing a key role in theplanning and operation of JICA’s education cooperation programs.
Prior to her current assignment, she served as Director of JICA-RI (2016–2018), Senior Advisor for
Education (2014–2016), Director General of the Human Development Department (2009–2014), Chief
Representative of JICA Bangladesh Office (2007–2009), and Group Director for Basic Education (2004–
2007). She received her Ph.D. (in international development) from Nagoya University. Her current
research interests include education cooperation, internationalization of higher education, anduniversity participation in ODA.

Panel Discussion 2 Panelists

Dr. Nguonly TAING,

Executive Director, Techo Startup Center, Ministry of Economy and Finance, Cambodia

Nguonly Taing has been recently appointed as an executive director of Techo Startup Center, which is agovernment-funded startup accelerator under the innovation arm of the Ministry of Economy and
Finance. He has more than 15 years of working experiences in software industries. Since 2009, he has
been also a visiting lecturer on Distributed Systems and Machine Learning at Royal University ofPhnom Penh, Cambodia.
He received his M.Sc. in ICT from Waseda University, Japan and Ph.D. in Computer Science from theDresden University of Technology, Germany. His research areas are run-time variability, anticipatedadaptation, unanticipated adaptation, the programming model for IoT and software evolution. He is
especially interested in applying the research and experimental development to explore the source ofinnovation for startups.

Mr. Kei IINUMA (following Session 2 of Day 1), Incubation and Investment Manager from KSP, Inc.
Dr. Junichi TAKADA (following Wrap-Up Panel Discussion of Day 1),
Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Vice President for International Affairs

Dr. Ngoc Do Quyen CHAU, Y-E-S Vietnam 2011 Awardee
Mr. Sai Uttej KODURI, Y-E-S India 2018 Awardee
Ms. Sothearath SOK, Y-E-S Cambodia 2018 Awardee
Mr. Leego VANH, Y-E-S Laos 2012 Awardee
Ms. Pwint Phyu Thant, Y-E-S Myanmar 2017 Awardee
Ms. Lyheng PHAN, Student Year 3, Department of IT Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Darinah Pich LEANG, Student Year 4, Department of Tourism, RUPP
Ms. Monysolida SAN, Student Year 4, Department of Bio-Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Kakruna OUK, Graduated Student 2019, Department of Bio-Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Somethea TANN, Student Year 4, Department of Media & Communication, RUPP
Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

15Profile of Participants

Conclusion Speeches

Mr. Akira KOJIMA,

Director of HOF/President of Center for International Economic Collaboration (CIEC)
Trustee and visiting Professor of GRIPS (National Graduate, Institute for Policy Studies) and Councilor of JCER
(Japan Center for Economic Research)■ Other Present Positions and Activity:
Member of the Trilateral Commission
Chairman of WTC (World Trade Center) Tokyo
Vice Chairman of Japan-German Center (Berlin)
Councilor of Aspen Institute, Japan
Director of Honda Foundation (Chairman of International Committee)
Councilor of IIMA (Institute for International Monetary Affairs)
Director of IIPS (Institute for International Policy Studies)
Member of the Advisory Committee of JETRO (Japan External Trade Organization)
Visiting Professor of Ritsumeikan University (Graduate School of Management)■ Professional Experiences:
1997–2000 Chief Editorialist and Senior Managing Director of NIKKEI (The Nihon Keizai Shimbun Newspaper)
1999–2008 Professor of Keio University (Graduate School of Department of Commerce)
2004–2008 Chairman of JCER (Japan Center for Economic Research)
2004–2007 Professor of Harbin Institute of Technology (China)
2002–2007 Advisory Committee member of Graduate School of Public Policy of Tokyo University (GRaSPP)■ Publications:
A New Development Model for Japan II: Selected Essays 2009–2019 (Nikkei Publishing Inc. 2019)
A New Development Model for Japan: Selected Essays 2000–2008 (The Japan Journal Press, 2008)
Choices for Japan (NTT Press, 2008, Chinese language edition was published in 2010).

Dr. Chan Oeurn CHEY (Panelist of Wrap-Up Panel Discussion of Day 1),
Vice Dean, Faculty of Science, RUPPDr. Sovann EN, Y-E-S Cambodia 2009 Awardee

Contributors to This Symposium

Akira GOTO,

Professor Emeritus, University of Tokyo,
Former Commissioner, Japan Fair Trade Commission of the Government of Japan,
Councilor, Honda Foundation,
Professor Goto’s expertise covers economics of competition policy and economics of innovation. His
major works include “Business Groups in a Market Economy,” European Economic Review, Vol. 19, No. 1,
September 1982, “R&D Capital, Rate of Return on R&D Investment and Spillover of R&D in Japanese
Manufacturing Industries,” Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 71, No. 4, 1989, (with Kazuyuki
Suzuki), Competition Policy in a Global Economy, (ed. with W. Comanor and L. Waverman), Routledge,
1996, Innovation in Japan, (ed. with H. Odagiri), Oxford University Press, 1997, “Japan’s National
Innovation System: Current Status and Problems,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol. 16, No. 2,
Summer 2000, “Construction of a Japanese Patent Database and a first look at Japanese patenting
activities” (with Kazuyuki Motohashi), Research Policy, Vol. 36, Issue 9, 2007, and “Innovation andCompetition Policy,” Japanese Economic Review Vol. 60, No. 1 March 2009, “Patent statistics as
innovation indicators” with Sadao Nagaoka and Kazuyuki Motohashi, in Handbook of Economics ofInnovation (eds.) Bronwyn Hall and Nathan Rosenberg.
He was commended by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry and Minister of Education. He
received the Order of the Sacred Treasure.

16

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Profile of Participants

Kunio NAKAJIMA,

Vice President, Honda Foundation
Year of Birth1941
Education
1965
B.S. Department of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
1968
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Master Course
Experienced Positions
1968–1999
Director-General for Technology Policy Coordination, Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry
1999–2000
Managing Director, Japan Chemical Innovation and Inspection Institute2000–2004
Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology
2004–2007
Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
2007–2012
President, Japan Chemical Innovation and Inspection Institute2011–Present Adviser, Japan Bioindustry Association
2012–Present Adviser, Japan Chemical Innovation and Inspection InstituteResearch Areas
Policy for Industrial Technology

Shiro SAITO,

Director, Honda Foundation
Year of Birth1948
Education
Graduate from Keio University
Experienced Positions
The foreign correspondent of NIKKEI Newspaper at NEW YORK
The director of the economic news department of NIKKEI Newspaper
The editor in chief of NIKKEI Newspaper
The executive director of NIKKEI Newspaper
The chairman of the Japan Center for Economic Research
The chairman of the Japan Press Club
Honors/Awards/Fellowships
The award of the Japan Newspaper Publisher & Editor Association
The award of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology at Nigenkai Art Society
Research Areas
Macro Economy/Financial Market

Special Thanks to:
Dr. Khim Leang and Dr. Srun Sovila of Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP) for the great support
in hosting the Cambodia International Symposium

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

17Profile of Participants

Y-E-S Attendees

What is Honda Y-E-S Program?
Honda Foundation started the Honda Y-E-S (Young Engineer and Scientist’s) Award program to foster
future leaders of science and technology fields in 2006. It is implemented in Vietnam, India, Cambodia,
Lao PDR and Myanmar, and Bangladesh from 2019. It is distinctive in that it is not restricted to tuition
but may be used for a broad range of activities. Another very unique characteristic of the system is thatits details are matched to the receiving country’s needs and circumstances. Furthermore, the awardees
can receive an additional grant, Honda Y-E-S Award Plus/Honda Y-E-S Plus Expansion, if they continue
their study and training within certain period after the receipt of the Honda Y-E-S Award, either via
master’s, doctoral, or study abroad programs in Japanese universities, or via internship programs inJapanese research organizations or private companies. We also hold the Honda Y-E-S Forum to engage
young scientists and engineers from Japan and other Asian countries, including the Honda Y-E-S
awardees, in discussion with experts in various fields, on issues in modern society examined from theperspective of young scientists and engineers.

Vietnam
1. Y-E-S Award Year 2. Current Affiliation 3. Program to appear

Ngoc Do Quyen
CHAU
1. 2011 Y-E-S Awardee
2. Lecturer, Ho Chi Minh
City University ofTechnology (HCMUT)
3. Panel Discussion 2

Thanh Yen LE
1. 2015 Y-E-S Awardee
2. under, Chief
Technology Officer ofstartup Dench labs
3. Panel Discussion 1

India
1. Y-E-S Award Year 2. Current Affiliation 3. Program to appear

18

Sai Uttej KODURI

Piyush NANDA

Satyam MOHL

1. 2018 Y-E-S Awardee
2. 4th year undergraduate
student, B. Tech in
Engineering Design +M. Tech in Automobile
Engineering, IIT Madras
3. Panel Discussion 2

1. 2017 Y-E-S Awardee
2. 5 Year Student (Dual
Degree in
Biotechnology andBiochemical
Engineering), IIT
Kharagpur

1. 2017 Y-E-S Awardee
2. Electrical Engineering,
IIT Bombay
3. Panel Discussion 1

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Profile of Participants

Cambodia
1. Y-E-S Award Year 2. Current Affiliation 3. Program to appear

Monorom RITH

Sothearath SOK

Sovann EN

1. 2012 Y-E-S Awardee
2. Ph.D. Student, De La
Salle University, Manila
3. Panel Discussion 1

1. 2018 Y-E-S Awardee
2. Self-employed
3. Panel Discussion 2

1. 2009 Y-E-S Awardee
2. Computer visionresearch scientist,
Stradigi AI Inc.
3. Conclusion Speech

Lao PDR
1. Y-E-S Award Year 2. Current Affiliation 3. Program to appear

Thipphamala
MANIVONG

Khandala
KHAMPHILA

1. 2009 Y-E-S Awardee
2. L ecturer, Mining
engineering dept.
faculty of Engineering,
NUOL
3. Panel Discussion 1

1. 2009 Y-E-S Awardee
2. Lecturer, Champasak
University

Leego VANH
1. 2012 Y-E-S Awardee
2. Tourism Advertisement
and Promotion Unit—
Information, Culture andTourism Department,
Saysomeboun Village,
Luang Namtha Province
3. Panel Discussion 2

Myanmar
1. Y-E-S Award Year 2. Current Affiliation 3. Program to appear

Phyoe Wae HEIN

Suu Malar WIN

1. 2018 Y-E-S Awardee
2. F inal Year, Department
of Civil Engineering,
Yangon Technological
University

1. 2016 Y-E-S Awardee
2. Master Degree Student
at Mandalay
Technological
University
3. Panel Discussion 1

Pwint Phyu
THANT
1. 2017 Y-E-S Awardee
2. Civil Engineer(Formwork), La Pyi
Wun Construction
Co., Ltd.
3. Panel Discussion 2

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

19

20

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

DAY 1

Welcome Session
Mr. Hiroto ISHIDA, President, Honda Foundation
H.E. Dr. Chealy CHET, Rector of RUPP

Welcome Session

Mr. Hiroto ISHIDA
President, Honda Foundation

Welcome Session

Introduction of Honda Foundation and
the Concept of “Ecotechonology”

Soichiro Honda
and
Ecotechnology
Hiroto Ishida
President, Honda Foundation

公益財団法人 本 田 財 団

Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen: I’d like to extend mygreatest gratitude for all the participants here as a
responsible person of one of the host organizations of this
symposium, and I’d like to welcome all the participants
here in this glamorous and well-prepared space. Now I’dlike to introduce the activities of Honda Foundation and,first, of its father, Soichiro Honda. First of all, Soichiro
Honda’s biggest “son” is Honda Motor Company.

Ｓｏｉｃｈｉｒｏ Ｈｏｎｄａ• Great man of Innovation• Producer of Motorcycle,
Power Product and Car.
• His Dream: Airplane• Father of Honda Foundation

Honda Motor is one of the leading companies in
automobile production in the world, manufacturing cars,
motorcycles, power products and jet planes. Soichiro
Honda is a great person of innovation and airplane
production. It was a dream of Soichiro Honda and his
dream was realized by the efforts of his successors.

22

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

本田宗一郎さんと弁二郎さんの写真

He is the father of Honda Foundation. That is Soichiro
Honda and his younger brother, Benjiro Honda.

Honda Foundation (HOF)
Established in 1977
by Soichiro Honda andBenjiro Honda

Purpose of HOF:
To promote the conceptof Ecotechnology(Soichiro’s Younger Brother)

Then Honda Foundation was established by the Honda
brothers, Soichiro and Benjiro, in 1977. The reason why
they created the Foundation is to promote the concept of“ecotechnologies.”

Concept of“Ecotechnology”

Technology is not merelyfor efficiency or profit, butshould be created andused in harmony withnature and social
environment.

SDGs
Sustainable Development
Goals
UN and many countries
are making efforts forthese 17 goals．

This concept is based on Soichiro’s very strong belief thattechnology is not merely for efficiency or profit but shouldbe created and used in harmony with nature and the social
environment. Ecotechnology is thus a very wide concept
and it includes various fields of technology for humanhappiness. So ecotechnology is the same idea as the SDGs
stipulated by the United Nations and many countries.

Welcome Session

Honda Prize:

Activities of HOF• Started in 1980
• To reward prominentscientists and technologists
on the contribution in lightof Ecotechnology• Up to 2019: 43 persons
received

1. To host International
Symposia
2. To present the Honda Prize(since 1980)
3. To host Colloquia
4. To present Y-E-S Award(since 2006), etc.

For this purpose Honda Foundation is carrying out four
activities. These are: 1) hosting international symposia;2) awarding the Honda Prize; 3) hosting colloquia; and4) presenting the Y-E-S Awards.

International Symposia• In Europe and North America,
recently in Asian Countries• To discuss various issues bygathering wisdom, aiming at
promotion of Ecotechnology

The second one is to award the Honda Prize to scientists
who make remarkable contributions to the concept ofecotechnology. It started in 1980 and 43 great scientists
and engineers have received the prize up to this year.

Discover the

Identify the real problems

一昨年のシンポジウムの写真

methodology which
will enable us to copewith themfacing the technologicalcivilization of today

Ecotechnology

Set a stage for the mankind
to gather wisdom to tackle on
the task
Discuss and create ideas to solve issues through ecotechnology

The first one is to hold international symposia just likethis one in various countries. Since the Foundation wasestablished, it has continued to provide international
symposia bringing experts from various fields together tofrankly discuss beyond the capacity of their relevant
expertise, in order to define the issues caused bytechnological development and economic growth and to
discover methodologies on ecotechnology for resolving
these issues.
History of Symposia
Europe/North America

Southeast/west
Asia
Stockholm (‘79)

Toronto (‘93)

Central Asia

This year’s Honda Prize laureate is Professor Geoffrey
Hinton of the University of Toronto in Canada, who is aworld-renowned specialist in artificial intelligence. He is
giving us a lecture. And this is a picture of a special
symposium that was organized on the occasion of the35th Honda Prize award ceremony.

Colloquia:• To invite guest lecturers
quarterly for intellectual
exchange of various opinions
on Ecotenology

Central Asia

Astana(‘18)

Ottawa (‘93)

Beijing (‘98)

Tashkent(‘16)

Columbus (‘82)

Tokyo (‘76)(’78, ‘80 ‘94 ‘02)

New Delhi (‘07)

Hanoi (‘05)

Riyadh (’14)

Taipei (‘92)

PhnomPenh (‘19)
Bangkok(‘08)
Kuala Lumpur (‘83)
Jakarta (’12)

Melbourne (‘84)
Brussels (‘85)
London (‘83)

Bon (‘91)
Wien (‘87)

Paris (‘78)

DISCOVERIESInternational Symposia

Rome (’77)

The third one is to set up colloquia in Tokyo inviting great
lecturers four times a year for the purpose of stimulating
intellectual exchange of opinions on ecotechnologies.

That is a map. At the early stages, symposia were held in
Europe and North America, but recently we have been
holding them in Asian countries as well.
Purpose/Objectives of Symposia•Provide a venue for discussing issues of thecurrent society adversely caused by technologicaldevelopment and economic growth•Contribute to search for possible solutions to such
issues through promoting ecotechnology thatbrings technological development in harmony withnatural and human environments•Contribute to Cambodia-Japan relationship inscience and technology field

This is a picture of a colloquium that was held in March ofthis year.

Honda Foundation thus hopes that we can have a lively
discussion today so that the Cambodia-Japan
relationship in the scientific and technological fields will
become much stronger through this symposium,
contributing to a much more prosperous future for bothcountries and the world.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

23

Welcome Session

Y-E-S Award• Honda Young Engineer andScientist’s Award• Grants to young students• To support future scientificleaders in Vietnam, India,
Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar.

The last one is the awarding of grants called the Y-E-S
Awards. “Y-E-S Awards” means the “Young Engineers andScientists” Award, to young Asian students who are going
to be leading scientists or engineers in each country.
Now, this awarding system is operated in Vietnam, India,
Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and from this year
Bangladesh. Some of the recipients are invited toJapanese universities to participate in academic
meetings. Up to last year 362 students have received thisaward. Many years ago Soichiro Honda supported many
promising Japanese students to study science andengineering, and this supporting system had a strong
influence on the development of Japanese science andindustry.

This one shows presentation ceremonies in Laos andMyanmar. In an effort to coordinate the international
symposia with the Y-E-S Award program, we tried toextend this symposium to two days for the first time thisyear. The session of first day, which means today, will
center on the discussion by researchers and specialists.
The second day is expected to spotlight young
researchers and students, inviting 15 past Y-E-S awardees
as representatives of five Y-E-S countries. We set
opportunities for discussion among today’s speakers,
invited awardees and talented Cambodian
undergraduate students. Now, Y-E-S members who arehere today, please stand up here. Please stand up, Y-E-S
students. Thank you very much for joining us today.

Soichiro Honda
This is a picture of a presentation ceremony in Vietnam.

• He had very fine humantouch with various
episodes.
• He was fond of playing
Shogi (Japanese Chess).

Now I’d like to come back to Soichiro Honda. Soichiro
Honda was a truly great entrepreneur but he was also ahuman-touch person. He had various interesting
episodes which are described in his book entitled Dream
Into Action.

This one shows ceremonies in India and Cambodia.

He loved playing shogi. This is a shogi board, a kind ofJapanese chess.

24

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Welcome Session

Environmental Efforts•Now Mt. Fuji can be seenclearly from Tokyo just as
Era of Hokusai by reducing
air pollution by theenvironmental efforts.

I’m not sure whether Soichiro was a good shogi player ornot, but he enjoyed it very much, and his playing board,
as you can see, was not an expensive one. Some people
have very thick and expensive shogi boards, but theboard Soichiro loved was inexpensive and quite common.
This board is an expensive one but it doesn’t belong tohim. He liked very common shogi boards.

Hope of HOF• HOF has made efforts for the
success of today’s symposium,and hopes that Ecotechnology
will bring about and keep clean
air, clean water, clean soil andclean globe.

Following reductions in environmental pollution fromenvironmental endeavors, now Mt. Fuji can be seenclearly from Tokyo, just as in the era of Hokusai, many
years ago. Honda Foundation has many thoughts aiming
at the success of today’s symposium. I sincerely hope that
Ecotechnology will bring about and keep clean air, cleanwater, clean soil, clean goals and human happiness.

Thank you

Painting• He loved painting.
• Next picture isWhite Mt. Fuji painted by
Soichiro Honda.

Mt. Fuji•Many Japanese Artists
painted Mt. Fuji.
•Red Fuji by Hokusai
Katsushika (1760~1849) isvery famous.

•北斎の赤富士I sincerely hope that fruitful and successful conclusions
and future prospects will be brought about by today’s
and tomorrow’s symposium. Thank you very much forlistening. Thank you very much.

、
9

そ

ド ．

He was fond of painting also. He painted this portrait of
Mt. Fuji. Historically speaking, many Japanese artists
painted Mt. Fuji. The most famous painter of Mt. Fuji was
Hokusai Katsushika, who painted the Thirty-six Scenes of
Mt. Fuji, which actually consists of 46 scenes of Mt. Fuji.
He lived at the end of the Edo era. These paintings are
Red Mt. Fuji, Black Mt. Fuji and Wave and Mt. Fuji. All
Japanese respect the very skillful and impressive pictures
drawn by Hokusai. This Wave and Mt. Fuji seems to show
the view of Mt. Fuji from Tokyo Bay, very near Tokyo.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

25

Welcome Session

H.E. Dr. Chealy CHET
Rector of RUPP

Welcome Session
First of all on behalf of the Royal University of Phnom
Penh (RUPP) let me pay my respects to His Excellency Dr.
Touch Visalsok, Secretary of State and Representative of
the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport; His Excellency
Dr. Chhem Kieth Rethy, Minister attached to the Prime
Minister; His Excellency Dr. Mey Kalyan, Senior Advisor to
the Supreme National Economic Council and Chair of theBoard of Trustees of RUPP; Mr. Hiroto Ishida, President of
Honda Foundation; Mr. Akira Kojima, Director andChairman of the International Committee, Honda
Foundation; national and international guests, ladies andgentlemen: Let me officially welcome you to this
symposium, and as a co-organizer with Honda
Foundation, RUPP is proud to host this kind of event. It is
a forum for our young scientists to get more knowledge
and share that knowledge with their colleagues. Thissymposium has three main purposes: One is to provide avenue to discuss issues in current society adversely
caused by technological development and economic
growth. The second purpose is to contribute to researchfor possible solutions to such issues through promoting
technology that brings technological development inharmony with the natural and human environment. The
last purpose is to contribute to the Cambodia-Japan

26

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

relationship in the scientific and technological fields. As
you may know, RUPP is the home of the Cambodia-Japan
Cooperation Center. We call it CJCC. It is like a second
embassy of Japan. Those who want to know about
Japanese culture, education and anything can comehere—except visas, those we cannot provide! So RUPP
thanks Honda Foundation for choosing us as a partner
for this symposium. I think that this symposium isimportant not only for our faculty members in the field of
science but also for our students—not only students
from RUPP but also students from other universities in
Cambodia, especially in Phnom Penh, as I know that
there are some students from the Royal University ofAgriculture, from the Institute of Technology ofCambodia and from other institutions of higher
education in and around Phnom Penh who are also
joining in this event. Again, I will not take more time for
this, but on behalf of RUPP we welcome you all, Japanese
friends who choose us to be their partner and our guests
from other organizations, especially His Excellency the
Minister of Education. We thank you for sharing your timewith us and I hope His Excellency will give many full
opening remarks to start our symposium officially. Thankyou very much.

DAY 1

Opening Remarks
H.E. Dr. Visalsok TOUCH, Secretary of State, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport
H.E. Mr. Masahiro MIKAMI, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Japan to
the Kingdom of Cambodia

Opening Remarks

H.E. Dr. Visalsok TOUCH
Secretary of State, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport

Opening Remarks
A very good morning, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen.
H.E. Dr. Chhem Rethy, Minister attached to the Prime
Minister; H.E. Dr. Mey Kalyan, Senior Advisor, Supreme
National Economic Council, Royal Government of
Cambodia; Mr. Hiroto Ishida, President, Honda Foundation;
Mr. Akira Kojima, Director and Chairman of theInternational Committee, Honda Foundation; Excellencies,
ladies and gentlemen: On behalf of Excellency Academician
Dr. Hang Chuon Naron, Minister of Education, Youth andSport, and on behalf of the Ministry and all leaders, we
express our appreciation to Honda Foundation forsupporting such a useful event. Actually, just seeing thetheme of the international symposium you can see that thisis the first time, to the best of my knowledge, that thistheme has been addressed in Cambodia, to talk about thelinkages between government, universities and industry.
This is what the government is trying to promote because
industrial development in Cambodia is still limited and weare trying to promote research. That’s why we are now
organizing in the STEM Building. This is, I think, theoutcome of the government’s focus, probably the firstbuilding in Cambodia. The government has put a lot ofeffort into building science, technology and engineering in
Cambodia. This partnership is very important. If you study
chemistry or biology, the partnership is considered as a
triple helix to promote science and technology. Without
this partnership I think science and technology innovation
will not happen. However, to be a partner I think
universities have to be strong as well, to attract attention
from industry, otherwise industry will not consider us as apartner. So the government also plays an important role increating policy and providing the budget to create this kindof forum. I think university itself has to build the capacity inorder to serve the needs of industry and infrastructure.
Facilities are the main challenge at the moment for many
universities in Cambodia. Luckily I think RUPP already has
the infrastructure, this STEM Building, but what you need in
the future are facilities. And also I think that RUPP has anumber of qualified researchers already. So we have thecar, we have the engine, but what we need is the petroleum
to push it forward. So I hope Honda Foundation willconsider helping RUPP as well as other higher educational
institutions to promote research and development andinnovation in Cambodia. Through either, I think from what

28

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Mr. Ishida mentioned, scholarships and research awards,
whether it’s undergraduate or graduate, but it will be
helpful. It encourages young people in Cambodia to study
science and technology. I would like to say to you that
Cambodian young people are very interested in scienceand technology. If you see the trends in other Asian
countries, the number of students enrolling in science andtechnology is decreasing. In Malaysia, for example, it’s lessthan 30% now. I think Thailand also. But Cambodia is
growing in the reverse trend. It’s going up. Now more than
35% of our students are enrolling in science andtechnology. The evidence is clear. RUPP is a hub for scienceand technology. Let’s say the number of students enrolled
in chemistry is, as far as I know, 400, the number enrolledin physics is 400 this year. When combined withmathematics and computer science, together half of RUPP
students are enrolled in science- and technology-related
subjects. So we have potential for science and technology.
Our young people, our students, are very interested inscience and technology. What we need to do is encouragethem to become qualified and use their knowledge for the
betterment of Cambodia. So I hope this topic and this
symposium will encourage more researchers to doresearch especially related to ecotechnology or green
technology. But this is a challenge. As a researcher you
want to do something for economic growth, useful, butwith consideration of the environment. For example, youwant to produce crops of vegetables and fruit that are safeand productive, without using chemical fertilizer, but it’s
hard because insects are clever. Before insects never ate
certain leaves such as eucalyptus leaves, but now you seethat insects eat it all. I think this is the challenge forresearchers. They want to do something for economic
growth but with conservation of the environment. I think
we need a joint effort between government, industry andacademia. Academia, government and industry have towork together for the betterment of the nation, the region
and the globe. So again I would like to express mygratitude to Honda Foundation for supporting this
symposium and RUPP, H.E. the Rector who is very
interested in science and technology, and also the staff of
RUPP for co-hosting this event. I wish the workshops of theinternational symposium success and now we will open
up. Thank you very much.

Opening Remarks

H.E. Mr. Masahiro MIKAMI
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Japan to
the Kingdom of Cambodia

Opening Remarks
Mr. Ishida Hiroto, President, the Honda Foundation; H.E.
Dr. Chet Chealy, Rector of the Royal University of Phnom
Penh; H.E. Dr. Rethy Chhem, Minister attached to thePrime Minister; H.E. Dr. Mey Kalyan, Chairman of theBoard of Directors of the Royal University of Phnom Penh;distinguished speakers; ladies and gentlemen: First of all,
I would like to express my sincere congratulations to all
those involved in organizing this International
Symposium, which is being co-sponsored by Honda
Foundation and the Royal University of Phnom Penh.
I am pleased to have this opportunity to speak toresearchers from inside and outside the country, as wellas to teachers and students from the Royal University ofPhnom Penh.
As you may know, Mr. Honda Soichiro, founder of Honda
Foundation, completed his compulsory primaryeducation and went on to study mechanics at a small
automobile repair shop in the 1920s. Following this, hestarted his own small motorcycle manufacturing
company with only 20 employees. His outstanding talentand untiring efforts led to success and he quickly
expanded his company into a world-renowned enterprisethat is recognized as a leader in the automotive industry
sector. His achievements have made him a figure theJapanese are very proud of.
Today, Honda Foundation, which was established toserve Mr. Honda’s ideal of “contributing towards thecreation of a truly humane civilization,” has turned its
focus on Cambodia and is holding this international
symposium here. I understand the aim of the Symposium
is to find ways to solve a variety of problems that themodern society is facing and, through multidisciplinary
and all-party discussion, seek to find ecotechnologies
that will address the identified challenges.
Seventeen years ago, when I worked at the Embassy ofJapan in Thailand, I visited Phnom Penh on a businesstrip. Phnom Penh looked very different to the way it looks

now. This time, since I came here three months ago, I
have been impressed strongly by the remarkableeconomic development that has been achieved in theseventeen years. I admire the tremendous efforts of theCambodian people who have made this achievement.
Now, the Royal Government of Cambodia has set a goalof joining the ranks of the high and middle income
countries by 2030, and is working on various political,
economic and social reforms to achieve that goal.
I was born in 1962 in Japan, and looking at the current
landscape of Cambodia. It reminds me of that of mychildhood in Japan between 1960s and 1970s. In
retrospect, based on the Prime Minister Ikeda’s policy ofthe so-called “Income Doubling Plan” in the 1960s, Japanwas recording double-digit high economic growth every
year. At that time, it was only around 25 years after the
defeat and devastation of Japan in WWII in 1945, andmany energetic and industrious young people were
supporting the rapid economic growth. Here in
Cambodia, 28 years have passed since the 1991 Paris
Peace Agreement after the hardship of the civil war.
Today’s Cambodia, where people are making diligent
efforts for the better future despite the remaining
poverty, makes me feel that it has something in common
with Japan when I was 10 years old after 27 years since
the end of WWII.
That said, just like Japan during the high growth period,
there are a variety of problems facing the country, inurban areas, especially in Phnom Penh. Poor waste
management, worsening traffic congestions, anincreasing number of traffic accidents and the worsening
environmental pollution are becoming apparent as the
population grows and the society becomes more
affluent. At the same time, in the countryside, there arestill issues, caused by poverty, such as difficulties inensuring access to education and tackling the illegal
logging of forests. These challenges could have asignificant and negative impact on the further economic

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

29Opening Remarks

development of Cambodia. I think that, in Cambodia’s
effort to solve these problems, the experience of Japan
can be a good reference point. And there, education anddevelopment of human resources are of utmost
importance. The Government of Cambodia is alreadyworking to develop high quality human resources in theindustrial sector in order to ensure competitiveness withother countries. I understand this is being done throughan “Educational Strategic Plan” that puts an emphasis on
strengthening the STEM subjects (science, technology,
engineering and mathematics).
The Royal University of Phnom Penh was founded in 1960
by the former King, His Majesty King Norodom Sihanouk.
Suffering a lot as a result of the civil war but, despite thissad interruption in its history, it has overcome thedifficulties presented by the civil war and many talented
students have graduated. Current and former students
are actively engaged in academic exchanges with
universities and research institutes around the world
including Japan.
It is therefore timely and appropriate that we are holding
this international symposium, on the theme of improving
sustainability and quality of life together, at the Royal
University of Phnom Penh. The university is recognized asa hub for the development of human resources for theindustrial sector and is also acknowledged to be the“brain” of Cambodia. These qualities make it the perfectlocation for facilitating an exchange of ideas between
representatives from industry, government andacademia. I am convinced that this symposium will
provide an excellent opportunity for intellectual
exchanges between Japan and Cambodia that will
promote mutual understanding and growth.
New technologies, such as AI, IoT, and 5G areaccelerating the integration of the cyberspace with thephysical space, and we can create innovation andcompletely new business models using thesetechnologies. At the same time, these technologies areenabling us to solve many social challenges, such as
population and environmental problems. In Japan, wecall this technological vision “Society 5.0” and we are
expending every effort to make the concept a reality by
utilizing every available policy tool.
The more innovative those technologies are, the moreworried people can be about them. However, failure to
introduce new technologies to the society because offears about them makes a missed opportunity. In orderfor the society to fully enjoy the benefits of newtechnologies, we must adopt a “human-centric”
approach. This will involve creating an environment that30

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

allows developers to innovate freely and safely andeliminating concerns about technology. This must be
done by promoting discussion among stakeholders fromacademia, the business world, civil society andgovernments.
Science and technology, created by human knowledge
and endeavor, can, and must be, used for the coexistence and prosperity of humanity.
Currently, in order to realize an inclusive society where
no-one is left behind, we are accelerating the promotionof our Sustainable Development Goals based on theprinciple of human security. The Government of Japan is
also committing its efforts to policies such as: eliminating
additional plastic pollution in our oceans by 2050;
providing educational opportunities to 4 million people
over the next three years, including implementing
policies that empower women in developing countries
and promote sustainable development; achieving
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by saving the lives ofapproximately 1 million AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria
sufferers and delivering vaccinations to approximately
1.3 million children.
Japan is already a super-aged society and this brings withit many problems; such as a decrease in the working
population and an increase in social security costs. It
seems climate change has also increased the frequencyof natural disasters in recent years. The Government ofJapan will continue to commit every effort to protecting
people’s lives, property and livelihoods, and to ensuring
we have a country where future generations can live withpeace of mind.
The Embassy of Japan in Cambodia has been working tosupport the efforts of the Government of Cambodia on awide range of projects. These have included theconstruction of road, port and bridge infrastructures, theimprovement of the sewerage systems, the expansion ofelectricity transmission and distribution capacity, theprovision of public buses, the construction of teacher
training colleges and the roll out of an education
program to spread awareness about environmental
issues. We are very gratified to hear that the Japanesecontributions to these projects are appreciated by the
Cambodian government and many Cambodian people.
In addition, we have recently embarked on a new
initiative of “Smart City” in Siem Reap. Here we aim to
introduce efficient urban management practices tocreate a so-called smart city. We will achieve this using
the latest science and technology, rather than investingin large-scale infrastructure development.

Opening Remarks

At today’s symposium, the topics of discussion areeconomic development and cultural harmony,technological innovation and environmental protection.
These are all topics which are relevant to both Japan andCambodia and which we both have to continue to makeefforts to address. Last year, Japan and Cambodia
celebrated the 65th anniversary of the establishment of
diplomatic relations in 1953. Since the 1991 Paris Peace
Accords, our two nations have built a close relationshipbased on trust and cooperation. Since then, Japan has
always been alongside Cambodia, supporting theestablishment of peace and helping to build thefoundations of the nation. We have walked together
along the path to peace, reconstruction anddevelopment. There are many global issues that affectboth our countries and it is extremely important that wetackle these issues and expand the scope of ourcooperation by seizing every opportunity to engage in
intellectual exchanges and by capitalizing on our
strategic partnership. Today, I hope that an active andfruitful exchange of opinions on the topics of, among
others, science and technology, economics andeducation will take place between speakers representing
both countries. I sincerely hope that today’s symposium
will be a significant milestone in the development ofbilateral relations between Japan and Cambodia.
Thank you very much for your attention.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

31

32

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

DAY 1

Keynote Speeches
H.E. Dr. Kalyan MEY, Senior Advisor, Supreme National Economic Council, Royal
Government of Cambodia/Chair of Board of Trustees of RUPP

Dr. Michiharu NAKAMURA, Counsellor to the President of Japan Science andTechnology Agency (JST)/Member of UN IATT-STI 10

Keynote Speeches

H.E. Dr. Kalyan MEY
Senior Advisor, Supreme National Economic Council, Royal Government of
Cambodia/Chair of Board of Trustees of RUPP

Keynote Speeches

Economic Diversification
Cambodian Efforts to Develop Human Resources andScience and Technology
Please allow me to start with a brief history of
Cambodian development. Because all of a sudden you
talk about technologies, you do not see the framework.
So I would like to give you a brief history of Cambodian
development. Very short. Cambodia is one of the oldest
countries in Southeast Asia, as evidenced by Angkor
Temple, Angkor Wat. If you have time this time, please go
to see Angkor Wat. It is only a one-hour flight from here.
Then you will see our culture, our civilization, as Mr.
Ishida of Honda Foundation mentioned. We talk about
civilization, we’ve had civilization since the eighth
century. However, Cambodia’s development only started
recently, only about 20 years ago. And when we started
about 20 years ago, everything started from scratch, fromnothing. Why is that? Because of civil war, genocide,destruction. Everything happened to Cambodia. We
really only started about 20 years ago, to be honest. So
when you look at Cambodia, it’s an ASEAN country, but
not similar to other countries. Not to say that we are
special, but we shoulder those burdens of the past.
There’s a lot of damage from the destruction of war andso on. Myself, I was fortunate enough to be in Japan atthat time, from 1974 to 1988. A long time in Japan. I
could not come home because of war. Many of my
Cambodian colleagues could not have the chance likeme to escape the killing fields. So that is our history inshort. But so far, on the bright side, Cambodia hasdeveloped quite well and quite smoothly so far.
Economic growth has averaged about 7% per year overthe past 20 years. You could say that 7% growth for twoor three years is fine, but 20 years is a long time. So thatallowed us to prosper a lot over the past 20 years. I could
summarize by saying that many things in our lives have
improved a lot due to one of the main factors, called
peace and stability—peace and stability realized by our34

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

government. So this is a big factor. Without peace andstability, we could not do anything. I know very wellbecause in the ’70s, the destruction, bombing, fighting,every time I kept moving my house, I could not have time
for study. So peace and stability, please listen, young
people, peace and stability is most important. Without
that, no education, no RUPP, nothing. During the Pol Pot
time, RUPP was used as a refugee camp. No education, a
refugee camp. Okay, that is our history. We still lack somany things compared with other ASEAN countries.
That’s why I explain to our Japanese delegation that, theytell me they support Singapore, they support Malaysia,
they support Hong Kong, I think, “Why don’t you support
us too? We are poorer than other ASEAN countries. Why
do you support Singapore, whose income is higher thanJapan’s?” We have young people, we have yaruki, fighting
spirit, we want to prosper and develop our country.
Nevertheless, we cannot correct the past. The past is thepast, we cannot correct it. As a Buddhist country, and as a
Buddhist guy like me, we take these unfortunate eventsin our past as our destiny. What we can do is improve our
future and our tomorrow. We think about our past, but
we cannot obsess only about our past, we have to lookforward, to tomorrow. In fact, there are so many big tasks
in front of us to be done. But wherever we look around,
we think that HR, human resources, is the key to many
aspects. I understand today’s symposium, just thismorning—up to this morning I do not understand, but I
understand that the heart of it this morning is: Develop
technologies, with people, and taking care of theenvironment. So three parts: technologies, people andnature. Don’t destroy nature. So the Honda delegation
has come to Cambodia at the right time. I would like towelcome you all to Cambodia. Now it is a bit cold, butmany Cambodians say “kol.” Samui, samui. Okay, so theKeynote Speeches

recitation. I would like to talk a bit about our government
policies, on HR and ST. Please allow me to say a few
words. “HR” is human resources, “ST” is science andtechnology. HR and ST are top priorities in ourgovernment policies. The biggest policies in the
Cambodian government are called “rectangularstrategies.” Of rectangular strategies, we had one, twoand three, and now there are four. In these rectangularstrategies, four, human resources and science andtechnology are the top priority. I observe that this haschanged over time. Before we did not pay muchattention, but only recently we are paying more andmore attention to human resources and science andtechnology. I see so many increases in government
budget toward the Ministry of Education. I cannot tell
you how many percent, I cannot remember the number,but a lot of money has been channeled to the Ministry of
Education for science and technology. And also thanks to
the government, the building you are sitting in now,called the STEM Building, this was also supported by thegovernment recently. We just finished it. Dr. Chealy
actually told me, “Pou pou (pou means “uncle”), we don’t
have any decorations yet, it’s all blank, because it’s new.
So please, forgive us for having no decorations, but wego for substance.” Other priorities of our government are:• Infrastructure, meaning roads, water and electricity.
I hope there are no blackouts now, but sometimes
there are a lot of blackouts in our country still.
Blackouts, electricity cut. So still infrastructure is apriority for our government.
• Economic diversification. In fact they asked me to talkabout economic diversification. I think that is a narrow
topic, so I will expand a bit to include economic
history and so on. When we start about 20 years ago,
our economy was only agriculture, no industry, a bitof banking and so on. And agriculture was only rice.
Rice, rice, rice. And rice, in economic terms, I’m aneconomist trained in Japan and the value added, thefukakachi, is very low. So if we kept pushing for that,
we cannot develop our country. So we had to go forhigh value-added, diversified agriculture, diversified
industry and diversified services.
• Another priority is private-sector development,
because Cambodians know that the private sector is
the key to economic growth. In industry, as I
mentioned so far we focus on government-run
industry. There are so many government-run
industries, but this is labor-intensive. Rodoshuyakuteki
sangyo. So we have to diversify into others.
• Nevertheless I am glad to mention that I do not forget
environmental protection. The climate-change issue
is not a problem of Europe, it’s not a problem of
America, it’s our problem. If you look at the news
recently, they also broadcast the air quality in eachcity. High numbers are not good, low numbers are
good. So when I look at the map, China is rated 5,high. Singapore is rated 1 or 2, but Cambodia is still at
2 because there isn’t much industry here yet. But wehave to be careful because industry is coming. We
want to have industry but with clean air, so that wecan breathe the air in our country.
• Government pays too much attention to governance,
how to make the government more efficient. I spoke
to a delegation yesterday. We talked about kanryo,bureaucracy in Japan. In Japan bureaucracy is viewed
as bad. Bureaucrats, bad. But in Cambodia we needthis bureaucracy. We need good governance. Now wehave only weak governance, not good governance.
I think these are the main pillars our government isfocused on. Why? Because we have to provide a better
life for our people. If you look behind you, there are somany young people. And great income for our people.
Our goal is to become an upper-middle-income country
by the 2030 and a high-income country by the 2050s.
Those are our targets, everybody is working toward that.
Not for technologies as such, but technologies for thepeople, technologies for the environment. So, as I
mentioned, we have to diversify our economy—
agriculture, industry and services—and also preserve ourenvironment, our mother. We have only one planet, one
Earth, which is this Earth. People talk about going toMars, going to other planets. Okay, let them dream, but
as human beings as far as possible we have to be here.
We have to reuse plastic, we have to reuse waste. We’ve
destroyed the environment, so we have to work on this.
From our attitude first, then secondly technology. Don’t
rely only on technology for everything, rely on this(points to head). If you’re wrong here, everything will bewrong. So go back to—Sorry, I’m an old-style guy, but
thinking is important.
So I can tell you this is the framework of our government
policy in the broad outline. We have a thick dossier likethis (indicates thickness with fingers) but I amsummarizing for you in about half a page the basis of ourgovernment policies. Now, in connection with humanresources and science and technology, I’d like to sharewith you an example of efforts done by RUPP, here at thisuniversity. RUPP is the only integrated university here in
Cambodia. We started around 1960, not the oldest but
one of the oldest, with six faculties, including the Facultyof Science and the Faculty of Engineering, so those twoarms are science and technology. Our Faculty ofEngineering now has three departments: Department ofIT, Department of Bioengineering and Department ofElectronics and Telecoms. That’s what we have now. And
we plan to add three more in the future: Department of

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

35Keynote Speeches

Green Architecture, Department of Electrical Engineeringand Department of Urban Science. Because urbanizationis coming up, more and more people are coming toPhnom Penh, there are a lot of problems, a lot ofcongestion problems, so these are the departments weare planning to establish at this university. Dr. Chealy is
our rector, and our faculty team and board members
work hard together to improve RUPP, particularly scienceand engineering. This is what out course is on. We havethree missions. Mission No. 1 is to improve teaching andlearning. No. 2 is to promote applied research. No. 3 is toassist and connect with our society. Because Cambodiansociety is still a poor society, most of our people here are
students from all over Cambodia, I think they are comingfrom poor families and middle-income families, so it isthe desire in my heart as chair to serve the young people
so that they can have good futures. The way that I canhelp them is to provide them with good education, goodtechnologies and the right way of thinking as future
leaders. As an example, this morning I was happy to bring
the delegation to see our Silk Center where we doresearch on silk. Japan started that 200 years ago, but wejust started three years ago. But at least we started. The
Silk Center was established with the assistance of theJapanese embassy. And we provided some money forthat, and then we got some money from UNDP. So we aretrying to collect whatever money we can to establish
something that is useful for our society. Also, in our board
members for RUPP, we have six members. Maybe mypaper here is wrong, I just checked it, but all six members
are graduates from Japanese universities. I may be theoldest one, followed by H.E. Mr. Chealy and a few others
who graduated from universities in Japan: Me from Kobe,(pointing) from Nagoya, from Waseda, from Kojima-sensei’s
GRIPS. So we are all serving the society of Cambodia. We
are fortunate the government of Japan provided us with
opportunities so that we could be leaders for this country
to lead it one step further. But at the same time we are
fortunate to receive big project assistance from the World
Bank, from Sweden to improve STEM education—science, technology, engineering, mathematics and soon. We are working hard with Dr. Chealy and the professors

36

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

to make this happen in a more efficient way. So we areworking on that. Finally I’d like to talk briefly about recent
developments, because I was inspired by Nakamura
Michiharu-sensei, who is counsellor to the president of theJapan Science and Technology Agency. Under theguidance of Deputy Prime Minister Aun Pornmoniroth, he
is a powerful person in the government, and also Ministerof Economy and Finance, who suggested forming a clusterof science and technology research institutions. In
Cambodia we have a few institutions that do research on
that. RUPP, this university, is one. ITC, the Institute ofTechnology of Cambodia next door, is another. And you
heard yesterday about Techo Startup Center, meaning thePrime Minister’s startup center, located at RUPP as well.
And there is another organization called CDRI, Cambodian
Development Research Institute, of which H.E. Chhem
Rethy was CEO until recently (Now he is promoted to
Minister Attached to the Prime Minister). And I am alsochairman of that CDRI. So we cluster together to doresearch on issues, not the issues of America or otherdeveloped countries but our issues. We discussed among
ourselves, we identified eight issues. We clusteredscientists and discussed a wide range of issues with them,such as water issues, political issues, urbanization issues,waste issues, and food safety issues. We work on thiscluster, but we don’t yet have a science and technology
agency like in Japan. So really it is a work in progress that
we are doing as an old but young country trying todevelop ourselves. So all of this is what I can share with thedelegation today. But finally I would like to mention one
thing. Honda is the king of motorcycles here, but Toyota is
the king of cars here. And when I took the delegation to
see the Silk Center, the delegation was surprised to see somany Honda motorcycles in the campus. And honestly I
don’t know how many hundreds but all Honda Dream,
Honda Dream. How many people have a Honda
motorcycle, raise your hand? (Several people raise theirhands) See, so many people have Hondas. A small
promotion for Honda, okay? (Laughter) So with thisthought I thank you very much for your attention. Thankyou very much.

Keynote Speeches

Dr. Michiharu NAKAMURA
Counsellor to the President of Japan Science andTechnology Agency (JST)/Member of UN IATT-STI 10

Keynote Speeches

Economic Diversification
Science, Technology and Innovation for a Sustainable andInclusive Society with Public-Private Partnership
Honda Foundation Symposium
Cambodia (December 12, 2019)

6FLHQFH7HFKQRORJ\DQG,QQRYDWLRQ
IRUD6XVWDLQDEOHDQG,QFOXVLYH6RFLHW\ZLWK3XEOLF3ULYDWH3DUWQHUVKLSMichiharu Nakamura
Japan Science and Technology Agency
UN 10-Member Group

Organizers, distinguished guests and so many others, I amvery happy to give you a keynote on science, technology,
and innovation (STI) for sustainable and inclusive
development. Cambodia is really making great progress in
its economy, but also in the level of human lives. In the
1980s, Japan was called “a miracle in Asia.” But now I believe
you, Cambodia, are making another miracle in Asia.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - Leave no one behindz Goals for all countries and regions ‫ق‬ٙ Universality‫ك‬z Pursuit of global environmental soundness, basic human rights, economic
prosperity, peace and solidarity
z Monitoring and evaluation of various actors' efforts



Proposals of Social and Economic Transformation

Past Efforts and Future Challenges
2015
5 ‫ ع‬2019

Promotionsystems (SDGs

Summit, HLPF,
TFM, STI Forum,
Online Platform,
monitoring/evalu
on system)
ation

Multistakeholder
participation

Progress report
Progresson 17 goals
report on 17(National
goals(National
Voluntary
Report:150
countries)
Voluntary
Report:150 countries)

Expansionof of
ESG
Expansion
investment
ESG
investment

Creating
Creatinga aguidebook for STI
guidebook forroadmap,
STI roadmap,
selecting
5 pilot
selectingand
5
countries,
supportingJapan
pilot countries

So today I will try to share with you how STI is key to thesuccessful development of a country. In particular, STI for
the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), is the mostimportant action item today to achieve national
development and healthy environment. The SDGs were
included in Agenda 2030 of the United Nations, which waslaunched in September 2015. Since then already four
years have passed, and I think we have globally madegreat progress—in particular on the framework for how topromote the SDGs in general, and scientific andtechnological innovation for the SDGs. We haveestablished promotional systems and encouraged multistakeholder participation, and had more than 150 national
voluntary progress reviews already. As you can see, theexpansion of ESG investments is remarkable worldwide.
More than 20% of finances today is ESG-oriented
investment. But yet, little progress, or even negative
progress, is still observed. Poverty, hunger, genderimbalances, inequality in wealth, climate change,
environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, etc. So
urgent action is required to accelerate the achievement of
the goals by 2030 and form durable partnership withingovernment and all stakeholders. To do so, let’s look at anumber of very important research studies on how to
attack these 17 goals and 169 targets.

Global Sustainable Development Report2019 (UN)Initiating
Initiating
examination for
examination
the digital society
for the digitalsociety

Toward the World in 2050 (TWI 2050)(IIASA)Six transformations

Four levers‫كڭ‬Governance‫كڮ‬Economy and finance‫كگ‬Individual and collective action‫كڰ‬Science and technology

and the EU(supporters:
Japan,
an, EU)EUU)

Six Entry points‫كڭ‬Human well-being and capacities‫كڮ‬Sustainable and just economies‫كگ‬Food systems and nutrition patterns‫كڰ‬Energy decarbonization with
universal access‫كڱ‬Urban and peri-urban development‫كڲ‬Global environmental commons

Challenges
zLittle progress oor negative trends in poverty, hunger, gender, inequalities in wealth &incomes, biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, discharge of plastic, climate change
zUrgent actions required to accelerate achieving 2030 goals under durable partnerships
between government and all stakeholders



IIASA: International Institute of Applied Science Analysis



Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

37

Keynote Speeches

For example, recently the Global Sustainable
Development Report of the United Nations claimed that
we should use four levers: governance, as just mentionedby H.E. Dr. Mey; economy and finance; individual andcollective action; and science and technology. The report
recommended six entry points to social and economictransformations. The International Institute of Applied
Scientific Analysis (IIASA) also proposed six
transformations for the future sustainable society. These
are: human capacity and demography; consumption andproduction; decarbonization and energy; food, biosphere
and water; smart cities; and the digital revolution.
When we first got the 17 goals we were confused. How do
we approach them? Which ones should we do the fastest?
But today we know the six major transformations
necessary. So depending on the region, country or city, we
can take some of the transformations as primary targets.
Bridging national policy, STI policy and SDG policy
National
PolicySTI Policy

SDGs Policy

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/22724Guidebook_STI_for_SDG_Roadmaps_Draft_for_STI_Forum.pdf

More to the point, we are in the intersection of threepolicies: national development policy, STI policy and SDG
policy. So we have to think about all of them coherently.
Although STI is very important, conventional science andtechnology are not enough to meet our expectations. We
have to make them much closer to society.

Nobel Winner for Blue LEDs Raises Efficiency in Electric Vehicles
next-generation "All GaN Vehicle"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014 was awarded jointly to
Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura "for theinvention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which haveenabled bright and energy-saving white light sources."

Source: Nagoya Univ. press release (Oct 24, 2019)http://www.nagoya-u.ac.jp/about-nu/publicrelations/researchinfo/upload_images/20191024_imass2.pdfd



Recent Examples of Clean Energy R&D in Japan
Hydrogen Energy Carriers -Ammonia

New lithium-ion battery• Since ammonia does not emit CO2 when burned,
power generation with ammonia, a large-scale
reduction in CO2 emission is anticipated.
• Succeeded in generating 2 MW large gas turbine
power based on the fuel, in which 20% ammonia
in lower heat value (LHV) is mixed in methane, inMarch 2018.
NH3 flame• Light but powerful cells fuel modern techrevolution and support renewables.
• Nobel laureate in Chemistry 2019, Dr,
Yoshino created the rechargeable world
we live in.
Widespread use

CH4 flameFirst dry cell
(SONY)
Digital camer

Digital video

mobile phone

Note PCEV

Akira Yoshino
Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan,
Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan

Source: NISSAN

Large-capacity combustion test facility (photograph provided by IHI)

http://www.asahikasei.co.jp/asahi/jp/r_and_d/interview/yoshino.html

Hideaki Kobayashi(
Professor, Institute of Fluid Science,
Tohoku University

In 2014 three Japanese Nobel laureates were awarded theNobel Prize in Physics for their achievement of the world’s
first blue light-emitting diodes. By very advanced,
imaginative technology, we can transform society. That iswhat we are now trying to do. And now Prof. Hiroshi
Amano, one of the laureates, is working to use gallium
nitride not only for LEDs and lasers but also for electronics
such as inverters, and perhaps achieve much more
efficient operation of electric cars. Here is a prototype that
Nagoya University has recently reported by press release.
Yoshino-sensei, a key figure in the development of thelithium-ion battery, was also awarded a Nobel Prize just a
couple of days ago in Stockholm. He invented a new typeof lithium-ion battery that changed the world. This is how
we can enjoy a new society. We can transform society byinventing new technologies. This is why we think frontierresearch in academia and industry are so important.

Decreasing Distance Between Science and Society
Science in society, Science for society

Data-driven science and technology

zDesigning future society (sustainability science)zMission-oriented researchzRisk reduction through science and technology,
ELSI initiatives

zDigital integration through data science and AI
zSystem construction and rule-making for datacollection, storage and utilization
zHuman resource development and information
literacy improvement

Co-creation

Japan’s SDGs Promotion Structure
SDGs Headquarters : PM Abe and all Cabinet Members
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Professor Kishi: S&T Adviser to theForeign Minister

Diversity, inclusivenesszHarmonization of humanities, social sciences
zDiverse values based on history and culture
and natural sciences (trans-disciplinary research) zDiverse gender, generation, citizen
zOpen science, citizen participation
participationzCo-creation hub function for universities,
zProtection of vulnerable communities
national laboratories, and industry
zInternational collaboration, brain circulation

Advisory Board for the S&T
Diplomacy, SDGs WG

Minister of State,
Council STI at the Cabinet Office:SDGs Working Group

SDGs Promotion
Roundtable
Meeting

Ministries: Education & ST, Economy,
Health, Envi, Agri, Trans, etc.

䞉SDGs Promotion
Guiding Principles
䞉SDGs Action Plan䞉Japan SDGs Award

Local governments

Balancing top-down and bottom-upCompanies and ESG
Investment

Universities &
academies

National Labs & Funding
Agencies (JST, NEDO etc)

NGOs/NPOs

Decreasing the distance between science and society is
critical. This is one of the key discussions we have been
having. Conclusions are that science in society andscience for society are very important, data-driven
science and technology are vital for the next decades,
co-creation of open science is a new agenda, anddiversity and inclusiveness should be taken into account.

Three Main Pillars of “Japan’s SDGs Model”
SDGs Action Plan
• The SDGs Promotion Headquarters of Japan, chaired by the Prime Minister,decides SDGs Action Plan.
• Japan contributes to nation building and human resources development aroundthe world to realize a prosperous and vibrant society with ”no one left behind.”“Japan’s SDGs Model” identified in the SDGs Action Plan
I. Promotion of Society
5.0 that corresponds
to SDGs
II. Regional vitalization
driven by SDGs

STI (Science, Technology andInnovation) for SDGs

III. Empower next
generations andwomen

Ref. The Business 20 issued a set of policy recommendations titled “Society 5.0 for SDGs” in March, 2019.

38

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Keynote Speeches

Let me share some cases from Japan. Japan’s SDG
promotion structure was established in 2016. We’ve got an
SDG headquarters: Prime Minister Abe is its president andall Cabinet members are included in the headquarters, andall the Ministries in Japan are working together to promote
the SDGs. Not only government but also companies, ESG
investment financial institutions, universities, national labs,
funding agencies, NGOs and NPOs—they are all invited toparticipate in achieving the SDGs. And to do so Japan has
SDG promotion roundtable meetings for such multistakeholder networks in line with the SDGs.
“Society 5.0” Defined in Transition of Society
Society 5.0

Society 1.0

Society 2.0

Society 3.0

Society 4.0

Hunting
Society

Agriculturalsociety

Industrial
Society

Information
Society

Super-smart Society
Convergence between
cyberspace andphysical space

Form of Society
Production

Capture,GatherManufacture

Mechanization

ICT

Material

Stone

Metal

Plastic

Semiconductor

Material 5.0

Transport

Walk

Animal(Cow, Horse)

Vehicle, Ship,
AirplaneMulti-mobility

Autonomous Car

Settlements

FortifiedCity

Linear City

Network City

Polycentric
Autonomous City

Viability

Defensiveness

Functionality

Profitability

Humanity

Urban
Morphology

Principle of City

Framework for “STI for Society 5.0 and SDGs
EnergyValue Chains

Integrated
Material
Development
Systems
Smart
Manufacturing
Systems

Intelligent
Transport
Systems

Integration & Transformation
Infrastructure
Global Envi.
Maintenance
Data Platforms
Management Systems

Information on
Earth observation, medical,
Traffic, Location, Administration

IP management,international standard Rules

Hospitality
Systems

Services and systems
AI and Big data

Database and utilization
Natural Sci, Engineering, Social Sci.,
Humanities, Local knowledge

Regional
Inclusive Care
Systems

DisasterPrevention/
Reduction
Systems

Information on
Energy supply and demand,
Consumption and production,
3D map, etc
Capacity building, human resource
development ELSI, social
acceptance

Knowledge acquisition & management

JSPS
175
$ 2.45JST

NEDO

Target-Oriented

Industry-Oriented

1203$ 1.12bn

972$ 1.44bn

Curiosity-driven R&D

AMED
Medical & Health552$ 1.16bn
6bn

Strategy-driven R&D

JSPS : The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
JST : Japan Science and Technology Agency
NEDO: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
AMED: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development$ = US dollar

Information correct as of 2019This is the newest version for owned cars, delivery
services and mobility services. They draw the pathways,
targets, milestones and so on. And every year they revise
these charts. Our target is the CASE and MaaS, of course.
Such a roadmap provides effective tool for multistakeholder’s engagement for smart mobility in Society
5.0 and the SDGs. To support science and emerging
technological inventions, we have four major funding
agencies for curiosity- and strategy-driven R&D.
Emerging Technologies to Create New Transformation

Source: Hitachi and The University of Tokyo Lab., “Society 5.0 –Human-oriented Super Smart Society”, Nikkei Publishing Inc., 2018

Smart
Food Chain
Systems

Major Public Funding Agencies in Japan

Environment and Energy

Biotechnology

Digital technology

Nano/quantum
m technology• Highly efficient
renewable energy• Hydrogen generation,transport and storage• CO2 capture, storage,
utilization• Degradable plastics• Genome editing,synthetic biology• Single-cell/whole body
analysis• Gene and cell therapy• Regenerative medicine• Microflora• Agri tech

• Big data, AI• Cyber-physical-system
(CPS)
• 5G
• Soft robotics• VR, AR, tele-existence• Blockchains• IoT/AI chips, wearable
devices• SiC/GaN power electronics• Scarce resource alternativetech• New catalysts, porous
materials• Quantum computing,measurement

Values / solutions for
Sustainable society

Digital convergence• Power system stabilization tech
• Advanced ITS• Security system

Fundamental
technologies / data

• IoBMT for precision medicine• Human-robot symbiosis system• Data driven decision making system

Interdisciplinary
collaboration

Source: JST CRDS “Panoramic View of the System and Information Science and Technology 2019”Local - National –Africa – Asia Region - Global
S
Source:Dr.
D KazuoK
Kyuma,K
FormerF
memberb off CCouncilil ffor Science, Technology and Innovation (CSTI), Cabinet office:https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/tyousakai/juyoukadai/infra_fukkou/12kai/sanko2.pdf ,modified by JST• Disaster prevention/mitigation engineering• Smart manufacturing• Smart agriculture

Information and Communications Technology
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning

When we speak of the SDGs in Japan we often connect itwith “Society 5.0.” So this is the framework for STI forSociety 5.0 and the SDGs. We have the knowledge
acquisition and management layer at the bottom, where
we develop new science, invent new technologies andmanage knowledge platforms. Database and utilization
are the new layer for the digital revolution. The third layer
is services and systems using such technologies. We have anumber of domains aiming at new transformations. For
example, you see the intelligent transport systems (ITS). It’sa very fast-moving area. Many stakeholders are involved.
How can we manage such a domain? On the ITS, Japan has
public-private ITS initiatives, in which the two sides shareroadmaps. They revise their roadmaps every year.

Early forecast
orecast of typhoons
typhoo andtorrential rain

Immediate detection ofcolorectal cancer with AI

Alter
Alte
err-ego-eg
ego robot cap
capablepable oftransmitting hapticc sensations

Source (JST HP from left to right):
https://www.jst.go.jp/EN/achievements/research/bt2019-02.html
https://www.jst.go.jp/EN/achievements/research/bt2019-07.html,
https://www.jst.go.jp/EN/achievements/research/pdf/susumu_tachi2016.pdf

Emerging technologies are very diversified. Every day newtechnologies emerge; the challenge is how to use thesetechnologies to push society forward. I don’t have enoughtime to go into details, but as an example, using AI anddeep learning, we can forecast typhoons and torrential
rains early—this is becoming a popular technology inJapan. Immediate detection of cancer with AI is anotherexample. Tele-existence technology is a third.

Public-Private Intelligent Transport Systems(ITS) Initiatives/Roadmaps
Owner car

Delivery service

Mobility service
for community,
food, health care,
agriculture etc.

CASE*

&
MaaS***Connected,
Autonomous, Shared &service, and Electric.
**Mobility as a Service
Source: Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps 2018 : https://japan.kantei.go.jp/policy/it/2018/2018_roadmaps.pdf

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

39

Keynote Speeches

I’d like to touch on the topic of international
collaboration. We have a number of programs and tools
to do so. SATREPS, the Science and Technology ResearchPartnership for Sustainable Development, is pretty
famous world-wide. Already more than 10 years havepassed since it began and we have conducted 145
projects in 51 countries.

SDGs Future Cities 2019 - Boosting SDGs in regional level
Local SDGs
Cities indicated in green letters:

Toyama Prefecture

Rikuzentakada City, Iwate SDGs Future Cities (including Local

Government SDGs model projects),

Sabae City, Fukui
Maizuru City, Kyoto

Koriyama City, Fukushima total 10 cities.
Hino City, Tokyo

Onuta City, Fukuoka

Kumamoto City, Kumamoto

Cities indicated in blue letters:
SDGs Future Cities, total 21 cities.

Aichi Prefecture
Wakayama City, Wakayama
Selection criteria :Universality, Inclusiveness,
Participation, Integration,
Transparency & Accountability

Onnna son, Okinawa
Source: Compiled based on a blank map available on the website of the Geospatial
Information Authority of Japan (https://maps.gsi.go.jp/).

Sharing cases &experiences;
Customization &Commonization


SATREPS Projects with Cambodia

The second point I’d like to mention is local SDGs for therevitalization of local communities. This is a very
important theme because everybody comes to Tokyo,
Nagoya or Osaka and fewer and fewer people are now
living in the rural areas. The gap is expanding. I think thisis also the case in Cambodia. How do we activate andrevitalize those rural areas? To do so, let’s use the SDGs.
We call this “local SDGs.” The Japanese government has
selected “SDGs future cities” in 2018 and 2019, andsupports the cities’ own initiatives. These are some of thecities selected this year. Under energetic leadership andclear visions of the governors of prefectures or mayors ofcities, such local cities are making remarkabletransformations.

Development and Dissemination of
Sustainable Production System Based on
Invasive Pest Management of Cassava in
Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand

Establishment of Environmental
Conservation Platform of Tonle Sap Lake

2015-2020
Dr. YOSHIMURA Chihiro (Tokyo Inst. of Tech.)
Director. OM Romny (Inst Tech. of Cambodia)©JICA
Eutrophication ofTonle Sap Lake

2015-2020
Prof. TAKASU Keiji (Kyushu University)
Director Le Huy Ham (Agri. Genetics Inst.)
Rector Sieng Emtotim (Univ. of Battambang)
Director Pichet Grudloyma (Dep. of Agri.)©JICA

Dr. UNG Porsry, ITC won the Ibaraki Kasumigaura Prize@17th World Lake Conference (2018), with their Imperial
Highnesses Crown Prince and Crown Princess Akishino

Cassava mealybug

Cassava mosaic disease

Cambodia is a very important actor in the SATREPS
community. We really appreciate your intensive
engagement in this project offered by JICA, JST and
AMED. These are just a couple of examples of how
Cambodia is working in this scheme.
e-ASIA Joint Research Program (e-ASIA JRP) The e-ASIA JRP is a membership-based program, having 22 Member
Organizations and 1 Guest Partner from 15 Countries (a/o May 2019) Currently supporting 36 projects though 7 calls

University-led PPPs for Co-creating Values- From Redeeming the “Lowest Life Expectancy Pref.” to Promoting Health Around the World Lion

Eisai

Local SDGs

Kao

Kyowa Hakko Bio
Kyow

KagomeDementia test

Dental / Oral
Blood (amino acid analysis)

Antioxidant-related items

LSI Medicine
Corporation

Human
metabolome
technologies

Suntory

Water intake

Australia
NHMRC

Cambodia
MOH
MIH

Indonesia
RISTEKDIKTIJapan
MEXT/JSTAMED

Lao PDR
MOST
MOH

Malaysia
MESTECC

MyanmarMOE

New Zealand
HRC

Philippines
DOST

RussiaRFBR

Singapore
A*STAR

Thailand
NSTDA
ARDA
TCELS
TRF

USA
NIAID(NIH)
NCI(NIH)

Vietnam
MOST

Viscerall fat

Hirosaki University
Iwaki medical examination field‫ق‬big data)
Data Management Committee

Quasi-Member

Atsugi Co., House
foods group,嵣嵣嵣etc.
Develop healthy
underwear Intestinalbacteria service

Provide data to partnercompanies (over 22)

Materials(Nanotechnology)

Agriculture (Food)

Advanced
Interdisciplinary Research
towards Innovation

Sri Lanka
NSF

Guest Partner*Organizations underlined covers health research field only

Disaster Risk Reduction andManagement

Health Research(Infectious Diseases /Cancer)

Alternative Energy

Environment (Climate
Change, Marine Science)21



e-ASIA Project with Cambodia

Let me give you an example. Hirosaki is a city in Aomori
Prefecture, at the northern end of Honshu. Aomori
Prefecture is famous for having the lowest life expectancy
in Japan. To improve this situation, they started a largescale Center of Innovation (COI) study. They use data
analysis to determine how residents could optimize theirpersonal medicine. The private sector can use these data
to develop new medicines or diagnostic systems. This is
one example of how the local SDGs are working.
SATREPS( Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development)
*AMED

Aims
1.

Enhancing Cooperation in Science & Technology
Building win-win relationships between
Japan and counterpart countries

2.

New Technology, New Knowledge, Innovations
Addressing global issues and advancing science3.

Capacity Development
Boosting self-reliant R&D capacity and sustainable
research systems, training human resources andcoordinating networking between researchers

International joint research implemented throughcollaboration with Official Development Assistance (ODA)

MEXT,
JST/AMED

collaboration

35M JPY/
project/year

International Joint ResearchJapan

Practical Utilization
tilization & Implementation ofo Research
Outcomes for the Society

Research
Institutions

145 projects in 51 countries from 2008 to 2019

40

MOFA,
JICA
Technical
Cooperation

Competitive
Fund

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

60M JPY/
project/year

Counterpart Country
ResearchPartnership

3-5 years

Research
Institutions



Health impact of Opisthorchiasis infection in Cambodia and Vietnam :prevalent surveillance of Opisthorchiasis and risk surveillance for liver cancer
2016-2020

Prof. Kazuko Miyamoto (Yamanashi University)
Chief Manager of Helminth section Virak Keiu (Nat. Center for Parasitology Entomology
and Malaria Control)
Vice Chief Nguyen Thu Huong (Parasitology Dept. of Nat. Inst. of Malaria)

Major research outcomes
1. Finding endemic areas widely & high egg
positive villages (approx. 10 states)
2. Success collaboration activities of central
gov.-local gov.-people in endemic villages
3. Showing clear possibility for making
national strategy, etc.

Stool inspection in the village Health education in the villageWe have also established the e-Asia Joint Research
Program, a multilateral cooperation program, so you arealso welcome to use this scheme. This is just one example
of Cambodia’s participation in e-Asia Joint Research
Program.

Keynote Speeches

Human Resource Development - Education system in Japan
DoctorAge

Master22

Bachelor

21
20
19
18
17

Associate
Bachelor

Mobility program - SAKURA SCIENCE PLAN(SSP)

Network of 40 Engineering Univ

The objective is to- enhance multi-understandings of youth between Asia and Japan in the field of S&T- contribute to nurture human recourses in the field of science and technology- raise the interest of Asian youths towards leading Japanese S&T[Japan] 14 Supporting Univ
[ASEAN countries] 26 Member Inst

Universities supported by Japan

AdvancedA
courseUniversity

KOSEN

International
Student

DoctoralCourseMaster’s
CourseJuniorCollegeJKUAT (Kenya) 1977E-JUST (Egypt) 2008IITH (India)2011MJIIT (Malaysia) 2011VJU-VNU (Vietnam) 2015

Invited 371 youths from
Cambodia since JFY 2014

¾ Stay in Japan for 1 to 3 weeks¾ All cost borne by Japanese side

Associate Degree ProgramsHigh School

16
15

Junior High School

Source (modified by JST): (left) Kosen, https://www.kosen-k.go.jp/english/ , (right) JICA https://www.eduport.mext.go.jp/pdf/summary/internal-seminar/koutou_h281212/koutou_h281212_3.pdf

Human Resource Development – KOSEN MODELKOSEN Model• KOSEN is a unique institution
stitution ofof higher
higeducation
educa
in Japan, provide
5-year engineering education from the age 15.
• Same academic level as university.(Associate-Bachelor Degree)• Since 1962, there are 51 KOSENs (55 campus) in Japan.
[Main areas]
Electrical & Electronics, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering &Architecture, Information Technology, Applied Science, Maritime, etc

Images & information source: courtesy of Kosen, https://www.kosen-k.go.jp/english/, https://www.eduport.mext.go.jp/en/update/2017/02/mongolia-thailand-vietnam-kosen-k.html

Let me also mention the Japanese educational system.
Human capacity development in general education is so
critical nowadays. We think we have to improve our
educational system from junior high school through highschool to university, master’s degrees and doctoral
degrees. This is a very serious topic in Japan: how toadjust the educational system for such a rapidly changing
environment. But anyway, an interesting scheme inaddition to the standard educational system is Kosen.
Kosen is a unique, additional educational institute ofhigher education in Japan. It provides a five-yearengineering education from the age of 15, and upon
graduation an associate bachelor’s degree is awarded to
students. The reason why I mentioned this is sinceCambodia is going to develop its industries, particularly
the manufacturing and civil engineering, you really needengineers and technical experts. The Kosen system inJapan has been working very well in this respect.

Group photo of the students/teachers from theRoyal University of Phnom Penh @ KEPCO
Himeji-daini Power Plant.

Students from Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. of Health
Sciences, Cambodia trained DNA electrophoresis @Kumamoto University

Researchers from Institute of Cambodia ofTechnology, Cambodia conducted soil tests@
Nippon Koei Co., Ltd.

I have introduced only a few of our activities here—if
you’re interested to hear more, please contact us. Lastly,
let me mention the Sakura Science Plan. We invite young
researchers and students to Japan to spend a couple ofweeks visiting universities, national laboratories,
industries, and so on to know what is happening in Japanand who will be their future partners, expanding their
network. This is our aim. Already 371 youths have been
invited from Cambodia. This program is reallyprogressing, so please send us more students and moreyouth. For us in Japan, it’s also a good way to understandCambodia. This is the end of my presentation, so thankyou very much for your kind attention.

Thank you for your attention.
Michiharu Nakamura
Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)Ten Member Group for TFM (UN)

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

41

42

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

DAY 1

Session 1
H.E. Dr. Rethy CHHEM, Minister attached to Prime Minister
Dr. Akinori MORIMOTO, Professor, Waseda University, Faculty of Science andEngineering/School of Creative Science and Engineering

Dr. Chanthy LAY, Deputy Head of Research Office, RUPPDr. Shizuo IWATA, Chairman, ALMEC Corporation

Session 1

H.E. Dr. Rethy CHHEM
Minister attached to Prime Minister

Session 1

Inclusive and Sustainable Smart City

Smart cities: Are we ready?

The human factor
Chhem Kieth Rethy, MD, PhD (Edu) PhD (his)First of all I’d like to take this opportunity to thank RUPP and
Dr. Chealy Chet and Dr. Mey Kalyan for inviting me and to
welcome our distinguished guests from Japan. Many of you
might not know, I worked very closely with the Japanese
government and academia for 10 years already when I wasat the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). I was
sent to Fukushima when the nuclear disaster occurred.
Shocked by that time, the Japanese government moved
people out of the zone because of safety reasons. My team,we went to the opposite direction. On the shinkansen there
were only four or five at that time going there. There is no
better way to establish friendship with colleagues thanwhen they are in pain. Until then, using my own time, myfree time to teach PhD and master students from Cambodia
here by teleconference at the Program of Nuclear Disaster
Management at Hiroshima University, at the Institute ofAtomic Bomb Disease in Nagasaki, and at Fukushima
Medical University. So with this introduction of myself, mydeep connection with Japan, we can link the role oftechnology in bringing good things to people, to society,and sometimes the risk that needs to be managed that are
inherent to technology. Certainly nuclear technology, for a
medical doctor such as myself, can be used to save lives,
curing cancer, but on the other hand it can create disasters
like the atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima on

44

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

the 6th of August 1945 and three days later on Nagasaki. So
nuclear technology was a dual-use technology in the 20th
century. In the 21st century now we have anothertechnology, cybertechnology, which represents thefoundation of smart cities. It’s also a dual technology, as
we call it. For sociologists of science and technology, it canbe very useful, boosting the economy, connecting people
and countries, but on the other hand when you say “smart,”
there’s something that in our life is the end of privacy.
“Smart city” means more efficient, hopefully better
connections, but also a risk for cybercrime, cyberattacks
and everything. And when Dr. Chealy invited me I decided
to look at the human factor. I know we have distinguishedcolleagues from Japan who know all about this technology,
I’m not here to share that, but I tried to look at the humandimension. At the end of the day the role of science andtechnology is to serve society. And when I put that title,“Smart cities: Are we ready? The human factor,” thismorning when I received a brochure of Honda
Foundation, I was very delighted to see you used thismotto, “Human use of human ideas.” So I congratulate
you because from the leaders of Honda Foundation thehuman dimension is still of importance to you.

•“About PNH as garden
city:•There would have beena mixture of densityand enough green
space for the city tobreathe.”•Van Molyvann•1926-2017
2

So let me start with some quotes. Normally, I don’t like togive presentations using PowerPoint, it’s the worst tool

Session 1that has been invented for academics because it stops us
from looking face-to-face. But because there’s a quote,and some of our students do not grasp English properly
yet, I took these quotes in English. The first, I’d like to pay
tribute to our hero, the first architect and urban plannerof Cambodia, who designed this campus, the Royal
University of Phnom Penh (RUPP), and to quote him
when he talked of Phnom Penh as a garden city. This is in
the 1960s, 50 years ago. He said there would have been a
mixture of density and enough green space for the city tobreathe. Do we have enough green space here in Phnom
Penh? I think this time has gone. But maybe this quote willremind us of what to do when we design future cities.

“Modern technology has
become a total
phenomenon for
civilization, the defining
force of a new social
order in which efficiency
is no longer an option but
a necessity imposed on all
human activity.”•Jacques Ellul•The technologicalsociety 1954
3

I’ll share with you also the thoughts of a few sociologistsof science and technology who have thought about thehuman dimension. And for those of you who areengineers or working in science and technology, you
may have heard of the French sociologist of science,
Jacques Ellul. And to quote him: “Modern technology
has become a total phenomenon for civilization.” Like
smart cities. “The defining force of a new scientific social
order in which efficiency is no longer an option but anecessity imposed on all human activity.” This is a very
deep thought that was out there for 60 years. It meansthat he was worried about Technological Society—that’s
the title of his book. When a technology grows, it comeswith benefits and it comes with risks. When Fukushimaor other technological disasters happen, we are focusing
on trying to fix the issues of technology, to the pointthat we forget about the human dimension. And I
remember when I was at the UN that I was proposing to
the government of Japan through the UN to look into
the human dimension, my premise for thinking at thetime was that a disaster is not only technological, it has ahuman dimension, and the priority is to address thehuman need. It was dreadful, they had to leave the city,
lost their families and so on. It’s not about addressing
the technology, and Jacques Ellul understood that very
well. Technology is a tool. Use it with wisdom, and when
you have a technological problem, don’t forget thehuman dimension.

A city is more thana place and space,
it is a drama intime.
Patrick Geddes(1854-1932)
Talking about cities: Patrick Geddes, he’s a Scottish man,he’s my hero. I have read many of his books. He started asa biologist then he got training to become an architect
and urban planner. There is no better qualification than abiologist to understand the needs of the human body.
And to quote him he said, “A city is more than a place anda space. It’s a drama in time.” What does that mean? It isthat the role of the urban planner, since the dawn ofcivilization when they build a city, the most important is
not the buildings, not even the space but an atmosphere,
an environment for interaction between the citizens of
the society. An interaction is drama. Our life is a drama,
made of emotion, using intelligence, using our heart,
love, passion, anger, everything is about drama andPatrick Geddes understood very well as a biologist that acity should be a place for spiritual encounter, artistic,
aesthetic, scientific, intellectual and political encounter.
Therefore a great sphere of drama.

« Forget the damned
motor car and built
cities for lovers andfriends »Lewis Mumford(1895-1990)
The City in history
References, photos credit and links available upon request

Next one here is Lewis Mumford, an American sociologist.
He wrote many books. I have read two of his books again
and again. One is called The City in History, still very
relevant today, and he said, “Forget the damn motor car.”
He wrote that when Henry Ford put the motor car in thestreets of American cities and particularly New York.
Those cars kill dozens of children every week, like
happens here in Cambodia when you put quickly
technology in the hands of people who are not prepared
to use those technologies. “Build cities for lovers andfriends.” Again, very similar to what Geddes has said.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

45Session 1

AlphaGo AI defeats the world best human GO player

Conditions for smart cities
1. Smart technology
2. Smart citizens
3. Smart governance
4. Smart finance

Lee
Sedol

So with this I’d like to look at what would be the condition
for all of us to take advantage of smart cities? Advantage
for what? For interaction, and interaction in a very refinedway, civilized way. If you have no manners in society, youdrop your dustbin in the street, you pass somebody andyou don’t apologize when you step on their toes, if you are
not civilized, a smart city will not make that citizen smarter.
And I would tend to think that it is better for you to havewisdom in the mind than to have a smart device in thehand. The technology is actually easy to do. Smart student
engineers can build that. But once in the hand, how much
wisdom should he have in his mind in order to use thistechnology in a very civilized way? This smart technology is
about, you know, Facebook, the internet, AI, blockchain, IoT,
everybody knows these as buzzwords but few people havethought about the impact of the use of them. Look at—I
am addressing young students near here in Cambodia.
They have skipped the stage of books. Very few read books.
Because the internet came in, they have no good habit ofreading, and now you have Facebook. Critical thinking not
well thought. There are a lot of things on the internet andyou know, I know, as a teacher, as an educator, that 90% of
the content of the internet is just garbage. Nonsense,
ignorance promoting further ignorance. So what would
be the best way to educate the students starting fromprimary school? Certainly to use a smartphone. Actually,
they don’t need to be taught. If you want to learn a new
app on a smartphone, just sit at home and watch yourgrandchildren, they will teach you. I always smile when you
have a committee of top policy makers my age looking at
smart cities for the future. No, you should have 9-year-olds,
13-year-olds, 15-year-olds sitting on the committee, they
will teach you how to use those tools. The role of the elderlyis to provide the wisdom that they don’t have, the criticalthinking. Facebook is a tool also, a dual tool, it could begood or it could be very bad, you know the dark web, etc.
So technology requires wisdom in the mind; before you put
the mobile device in people’s hands, they need wisdom. In
a country like Cambodia, which is developing very fast,
we’ve been using the internet for almost 10 years. There’s
no law on the internet, you cannot blame the government.
Technology is going so fast. The Cambodian population is

46

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

very young, with a bright future, 70% below the age of 30.
Any technology they will adopt it. They don’t question it.
They don’t have the intellectual tools to question that. So
they are early adopters. By being early adopters the good
and the bad come together and policy comes after. This isa challenge for all governments, not only the royalgovernment of Cambodia, but of any developing country.
So, number two, smart citizens. “Smart citizen” means
somebody who can use tools within a society to deal witheveryday life, to make a living, to make interactions, toraise a family in good harmony in society. To think of otherpeople. It’s unbelievable when you walk in the streets ofPhnom Penh, people dump their trash in the street. And
we call this country a kingdom of wonder! But many of our
citizens don’t respect their kingdom of wonder. Nobody
would do that in Japan. In Japan the technology has comeafter the wisdom. There are not many countries like Japan,
and I show my respect to the Japanese civilization. Despite
all the advancement in technology, you Japanese are still
very traditional, still bowing to people, respecting people
in the public space. I smiled when I traveled to Japan overthe last three months. I saw a banner that said, “Good
manners Week in Japan.” I asked myself, Do the Japanese
need this? I believe that it was not for you. It was for new
rich tourists coming to Japan, to educate them. Not forJapanese, you don’t need that. I think you Japanese are so
polite that, at one point, you are so polite that you getstuck in one corner because of that extreme politeness.
But that should be a model and Cambodian people
should learn, particularly young people should learn ofthese civilized manners as good citizens. So, good citizens,let me be more practical. Phnom Penh, if you live inCambodia, already has some smart-city patterns. Where
do you work? My son trained in digital technology, in AI.
He has no office. But he has a job, people pay him. He says,“Daddy, I’m a digital nomad. I can work from everywhere.
When I’m sitting here with you, I look very impolite, I workwith my smartphone here, because I still give some advice
to my dear colleagues at CDRI for a few things, I contacted
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs this morning for a few
things, this is a tool for a smart city already. If you call Grab
once, twice, the next time you call you don’t need to tellthem where to go. They know where you are and where togo. Many of us watch Netflix. When you watch Netflix onceor twice, the service makes similar content come. So beinga smart citizen is about using these tools to augment yourintelligence. Human intelligence is limited. I don’t thinkthat artificial intelligence will replace human intelligence. I
even think that “artificial intelligence” is a misnomer. Thereis no such thing as artificial intelligence because no
machine ever—I’m a neuroanatomist—would have theflexibility of the networks of billions of neurons in ourbrains and in our minds.

Session 1

I’d like to come back to the citizen. I think that as citizens of
Cambodia young people have to be aware that they have tolearn wisdom from the old sayings, read more books before
jumping on Facebook which is full of misinformation. And
we are now at the global stage moving into these smart
cities, to the point where we get so much data that thereliability of the data is questionable. We even say we areentering the post-truth era. Fake news. You heard about
the smart city, Cambridge Analytica, getting data fromFacebook illegally. So Facebook provides data for profiling
millions of American citizens so the Russians can manipulate
their minds to affect the election of the President of one of
the great countries of the world. Brexit is the same. So all ofthese things are the consequences of smart cities. Data,
data privacy, huge data, Big Data—What to do with that?
Using data is not about AI, is not about technology, and I
love technology. Using Big Data is about wisdom. Wisdom
is respecting hierarchy in society, respecting teachers,
respecting parents. I can share with you a past experience
when I was young. Every night on the weekend I spenttime with my grandparents. I do massage for them andthen I bow to their legs, to their feet, before I go to sleep.
Now what do you do before you go to sleep? You kiss yoursmartphone, you’ve forgotten your loved ones, and when
you wake up in the morning the first thing you do is toreach out to your iPhone. It’s called addiction. Addiction to
the point where a smart citizen now—a study shows thatthe young generation now has an attention span shorter
than that of a goldfish. You touch your smartphone at least
2,000 times a day. So that is about a smart citizen.
I move now to the next point, which is smart governance.
If you have a smart city, you need smart governance. You
need bureaucrats who can make sense of data. If you
cannot make sense of data on paper, how can you makesense of a huge amount of data that includes quantitative
data, text, images and sound. How can a bureaucrat help
us in running and governing a smart city? That’s very
important. I went to Shenzhen, a very advanced smart city
in southern China. The most striking example: I met a
beggar with a smartphone. If you want to give him money,
you scan his QR code and give him five yuan. A smart
beggar in a smart city. It’s there, it’s real. I went to visit myson who works there with my wife. At 4 o’clock, we neededa snack on the campus. New campus, I wanted to buy abanana. It was impossible to buy. “I don’t take money.”“I
don’t take credit cards.” I had my smartphone, I had
WeChat, but I’d forgotten to download the wallet from myson. So you can’t do anything. It’s interesting how
sometimes smart things can block that. So smart
governance is important. I believe that smart governanceand smart citizens need education and training at alllevels, not only at the science and technology level but
also teaching values, on philosophy, on the heart

matching the brain, augmented by the computer, andmost of all a golden heart.
And last, smart finance. Very important. Who will pay forthat? So this is good, you have a huge amount of data thatthe governor of a city can use to collect taxes. Every time
you go somewhere they collect taxes immediately. And
now, on top of Big Data, on top of AI, on top of the internet,
you have blockchain. Instead of sending information to theinternet you send value through a blockchain that allows avery clear and transparent transaction and no loss in tax
collection or paying debt. One example I just imagined, inthe very near future somebody can walk to Aeon—a
Japanese investment in Cambodia, thank you so much—you walk in, Sunday morning. Because they have your data,
at 9 o’clock there’s a Grab waiting in front of your house. You
didn’t call them, but they know your habits, they know you.
They wait there. You go. On the way they know exactly what
coffee you want to drink, what grocery store you want to buy
at, what clothes you want to buy, and it just says go, and IoTwith many sensors put in your bag and you just walk out. The
Grab brings you back home. Nobody will talk to you. If you
walk out, and there’s no sound it’s OK, but if you walk out
and there’s a sound it means your wallet is empty. So this is a
new way to live in a smart city, with the good and the bad.

“Building a smart city fromscratch is a lot easier thanredevelopment or converting
existing cities into smart cities”
C. Babbu 2016
And most of all I look at this scholar from India. He
mentions this, that building a smart city from scratch is alot easier than to redevelop converting existing cities into
smart cities. Just food for thought. So overall I’m justsharing with you mostly from my heart about life in asmart city. It’s quite good to look through that but still weneed a space, a drama in time, with a lot of green space
like the late Vann Molyvann said, and an education
system. Our education system can equip our children for
the future of Cambodia with skills and values.
And finally I’d like to thank our distinguished colleagues
from Japan. You have all the good things andtechnologies and marrying them with a great tradition ofrespect and dignified societal life. We need to learn a lot
from you. Thank you very much.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

47Session 1

Dr. Akinori MORIMOTO
Professor, Waseda University, Faculty of Science and Engineering/
School of Creative Science and Engineering

Session 1

Inclusive and Sustainable Smart City
Smart Sharing City for Sustainable Society:
The Strategies for Integrating Compact and Smart City
Inclusive and sustainable in Smart City

SmartSharingCity
forsustainablesocietyThestrategiesfor
integratingcompactandsmartcity
Akinori MORIMOTO
Professor
Waseda University

a hundred years the population of Japan increased
rapidly. Now our population is at its peak, andunfortunately from now it is dramatically dropping down
and we have many problems. One problem is the declineof the population. That means a decline in the taxpayer
base. Governments, especially local governments, areworried about future incomes.
ProblemstowardSustainabletransportsystem
Average
Bus service in weekday
平均バス運行本数（平日往復）

Bus LOS in Gunma Pref.

MaebashiI’m very happy to be here and very honored to make thepresentation about smart sharing cities today. I will
especially focus on compact cities and smart cities.

1.DepopulationSocietyinJapanJapan
is a form
societyfacingpopulation
declineTokyourban
in therapid
population
growthTaisho (-1926)

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Showa10s (1935)

Showa 30s (1955-)

Source) WHITE PAPER ON LAND,INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORTAND TOURISM IN JAPAN, 2012 p.3

Let me begin by mentioning some things about theJapanese situation. As you know, Japan has had a rapid
increase in population until recently. These figures I’m
showing you are from the early to middle19th centuries,
when people were living near train stations. And theyshow you the tendency of the Japanese population. Over48

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies<16 buses/day (< 1 bus/2hrs)
16本/日未満（2時間に1本未満）>16 buses /day (>1 bus/2hrs)
16本/日以上（2時間に1本以上）>32/day (>1 bus/hr)
32本/日以上（1時間に1本以上）>64/day (>1 bus/30mins)
64本/日以上（30分に1本以上）
128本/日以上（15分に1本以上）>128/day (>1bus/15mins)

No bus service or lessthan1 time per 2 hours
in most of area

Frequency Level of Bus Service in weekday in Gunma
Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Source: MLIT (2010), 群馬県総合都市交通計画協議会作成

Another problem is vacant houses. You can see that thisis a city that has a half million people living in it, 100 km
north from Tokyo. The vacancy ratio is 15%. There aremany vacant houses. And also there is a focus on public
transportation, which is in an awful situation. Of course,when you go to Tokyo there are no problems. You wait
just two or three minutes for a train at the station. But if
you go to another city, in Gunma Prefecture almost 100
km north of Tokyo—Can you see this network? Maybe
most of the transportation network you can see here is
the blue one. Blue one means there is no bus service or
the buses run less than once every two hours. People
have to wait one or two hours to ride the bus system inthese local cities in Japan.

Session 1

Problemsindepopulation• Vacanthomes• Wastedland

situation in Japan. Of course when you go to Tokyo you
don’t realize that this problem exists. It’s the local cities
that are suffering from the depopulation society.

3.TowardSmartCitywithtechnologies• Maintenancecost • Declineincitycenter• Publictransportservice• Declineofincomeincityoffice

Appropriateplanningisrequiredto
copewiththedepopulationsociety
Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

I would like to quickly summarize what the problem is inJapan, especially local cities: Vacant houses, highmaintenance costs, and wasted land, public
transportation, and decline in population in the city
centers. Many big shopping centers appeared in thesuburban areas and nobody goes to the city centers.
These are kind of ghost towns.

2.FormingaCompactCity
Strategies toward the Compact City

The 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan was endorsed by JapaneseCabinet in 2016. The basic plan covers between FY2016-FY2021.
Past Society

Japan will take the lead torealize the New Society aheadof the rest of the world.

Society 1.0
Hunter-gatherer
SocietySociety 2.0
AgrarianSocietySociety 3.0
Industrial
SocietySociety 4.0
Information
Society

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Society 5.0
Super-smart
Societyhttps://www.japan.go.jp/abenomics/_userdata/abenomics/pdf/society_5.0.pdf

7

And today I’d like to mention about new technologies
such as smart cities. Dr. Nakamura just mentioned about
Society 5.0. This slide shows you a quick overview of whata smart city, or super-smart city, is. We divided types ofpast societies into four types from one to four. Huntergatherer society, agrarian society, industrial society andinformation society.

TheroleofSmartCity
Japanese government proposed the smart city by integratingcity and transportation planning with ICT.

Smartcity• Sustainableurbanareawherethevariousfacilitiesand
humanactivitiesareconnectedbyICTefficiently.
Mobility

Source) WHITE PAPER ON LAND,INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND TOURISM IN JAPAN, 2012 p.91
Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

EnergyWhat is the next plan in Japan? The Japanese
government strongly recommends compact cities tocope with the decline in population. This is an image of acompact city. You can see that many important facilities
are gathered around the train station. That is a concept.
Many local governments have enacted compact-city
policies called urban facility location plans.

ThepolicywasstartedinJapan
Local government can set up the Urban facility location Plan from 2014

Smart
City

Safetyand
Security
Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

NatureRecycle8

Now we move to a new society. The Japanese
government has recommended smart cities using
information and communication technology (ICT). This
smart city, the sustainable urban area, has various
facilities and human activities connected by ICT
efficiently: Mobility, energy, nature, safety, security andrecycling.

9 246 candidate cities and 161 cities enacted by 2018 May
Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

【参考】国交省：立地適正化計画の作成状況（平成30年5月1日時点）
http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001238420.pdf

You can see that many local governments have started topromote these compact city policies. That’s our real

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

49

Session 1

SmartCityinJapan

ConnectingCompactandSmartCity

Specific Focus
Interdisciplinary
Kanazawa,
Ishikawa

Shiojiri,
NaganoObjectICT Town
Development Business

Kanazawa Open
Data Portal

Airaku,
Kyoto

Keihanna Eco City

Ashiya,Hyogo

PanaHome Smart
City Shioashiya

Aizuwakamatsu,
Fukushima
Fujisawa,
Kanagawa

Matsuyama,
Ehime

Smart City
Aizuwakamatsu

Smart Hikari Town
Kumamoto

Smile Matsuyama
Project

Miyako,Okinawa

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Yokohama,
Kanagawa

Yokohama Smart
City Project (YSCP)

Kashiwa,
Chiba

Kashiwanoha
Campus City

Japan

Recreation
Kanazawa City (Ishikawa)Interdisciplinary

Overseas

EnergyMasdar City Project(UAE・Masdar)
Tenjin Eco City(China)
Dalian Best City(China)
Skolkovo Smart City
(Moscow, Russia)

Interdisciplinary
Smart City Aizuwakamatsu
Kashiwanoha Campus City
Fujisawa SST
Smile Matsuyama Project
Smart Hikari Town Kumamoto
Tsunashima SST

Interdisciplinary/Wide Region

Interdisciplinary
Copenhagen Connecting(Copenhagen, Denmark)City Verve(Manchester, UK)
SF Open Data
(San Francisco, America)
Iskandar Smart City
(Iskandar, Malaysia)

Medical/Health
Lake Nona Medical City
(Lake Nona, America)
Medicon Valley(Denmark / Sweden)

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

National Approach
Smart Nation Singapore(Singapore)
Yuanxin Ward (China)
Smart City Challenge(America)
Public-private
Partnership
Sidewalk Toronto(Toronto, Canada)
San Diego City (America)

Going back to 10 years ago, this project was started. It
mainly started from energy. Smart grid is one of thefunctions of smart cities. And nowadays we are
expanding into the areas of Interdisciplinary and Wide
Range, so we are considering smart cities in every aspect.

The various facilities areaggregated in designated areasthat are connected byattractive public transport.

information

The various facilities andhuman activities are connectedby Information andCommunication Technology.

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

No.11

I just mentioned about compact cities. The second is thesmart city. Is it a similar concept? I will quickly summarize
the two concepts. A compact city is one in which various
facilities are concentrated in designated areas, withattractive public transportation. The smart city is one inwhich various facilities and human activities areconnected by ICT.

50

VisibleShrinkingInforͲ
mationInvisible

ExpandingConnected
Technology

Principle

MethodLet’s try to compare the two concepts. The compact city
is based on space. You can see the compact cities but you
cannot see the smart cities, because the smart city is
focused on information. The biggest difference is theprinciple. The compact city is based on a policy of“shrinking” to cope with the declining population. The
smart city is based on “expanding” information. The
methodology is also different. The compact city is aboutplanning and management. The smart city is about
connected technology. Also, the compact city is based on
local government, while the smart city is mainly based on
private companies. The timetables are different. Compact
cities: 20 years, 30 years, it takes a long time. But smart
cities focus on one day, one hour, one minute.

ProposalforSmartSharingCity
Not Smart sharing
Increase
Personal benefits

Social benefits

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Smart sharing

Sharing benefits

Sharing benefits

Personal benefits

Personal benefits

Social benefits

Social benefits

Reduce•Increase only thebenefits of individuals•Decrease the benefitsof society

Compact City

Smart City

Space

Object Visibility

4.SmartcityandCompactcity
Publictransport

MethodPlanning
Management

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

ClassifyingSmartCities

Specific Focus

Principle

These sharing services are expected not only to lead the economic revitalization but also tosolve various social issues. We are able to utilize efficient resources and receive various
services at low cost.

I’d just like to mention about the present situation insmart cities in Japan. Already many cities have started
introducing smart-city plans.

Disaster Prevention
Shiojiri City (Nagano)

Smart Sharing City

Visibility

Attitudechange
Human Visible/
Moderation
Management
SocialInvisible

Tosho Smart
Community

EnergyKeihanna Eco City / Yokohama Smart City Project
Tosho Smart Community / PanaHome Smart City
Kitakyushu Smart Community / Toyota-city (Aichi)

Smart City

Fujisawa SST

Yokohama,
Tsunashima SST
Kanagawa

Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu Smart
Community
Fukuoka
Kumamoto,
Kumamoto

SmartcityandCompactcity

Compact City

Sharing benefits•Increase benefits ofindividuals and society

Smart Sharing City : “A city that efficiently and jointly
uses non-operating assets to realize a sustainable society”
Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Today I’d like to share with you a new idea, what we callthe “smart sharing city.” The concept is similar to that of
the eco-society, ecotechnology. This is one of today’s
keywords. Mainly it’s focused on the human, social
aspects. The principle is moderation: trying to change our
behavior to make cities better. I’ll give you anotherdefinition of the smart sharing city. For example when we
focus on the benefits—personal benefits, social
benefits—“Not Smart Sharing” just focuses on the
personal benefits, for example the Uber system is muchbetter using the smartphone to hail Uber rides. But if
everybody is using the Uber system in private cars, or
small cars, road congestion becomes severe. Therefore
we recommend good public transportation. The rightone is the “Smart Sharing” cities, offering not only

Session 1

personal benefits but also social benefits, which are very
important ones. We can define “smart sharing city” as acity that efficiently and jointly uses non-operating assets
to realize a sustainable society.

5.UrbanstructureinSmartSharingCity

Railways

Highways

TOD
Existing
Bus

Google Self-Driving Car

Level3
limitedautoͲdriving

Level1&2(level1)
system controls the task offorth-back or right-left drive(ex. Automatic brake)(level 2)
system controls both taskof forth-back and right-left(ex.：Active cruise control)

System requires thedriver’s presence
when system can
not work.

Level4&5
AutoͲdriving(level4) limited area
(level5) full autodriving

No driver

Driver is required

Source) SAE J3016

Wajima city (Ishikawa)

Eiheiji town (Fukui)

Tourist area

Community bus

Chatan town (Okinawa)
Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Hitachi city (Ibaraki)

http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001219253.pdf

LRT

6.Casestudyinlocalhubcity

Residential
roads
BRT
Transit usage
LRT, BRT, DRT
based on walking

Rural area

City area

Let’s move to the autonomous car, the self-driving car,expanding here and around the world. We will have to
use autonomous cars in the future. The method of using
autonomous cars is a very important one.

Walkable area

Personal usage
Personal vehicle, Bicycle
Autonomous Car

VarioustypeofAutonomousCar

GenevaConvention：
humandriverisrequiredonpublicroad

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Sharing for high occupancy: Walking and Transit
Sharing for low occupancy: personal vehicle
Expressway

ProgressoftheAutonomous Car
Autopilot technology will change the car!

Expressway
High-speed trains

Plan■Comprehensive Plan
Utsunomiya City
• Population size: 519,802 (2018)• City area: 416 km2

Non-walkable area

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Comprehensive plan

Moving onto a topic of various types of transportation
modes: The upper picture is the blueprint from the
NACTO. The left side focuses on pedestrians and bicycles
and bus systems, with just only one lane, two lanes,
through which we can move to other places. But if the
focus is on the automobiles, you know 13 lanes are
required. If you focus on drone systems, Uber Air, that isreported to use 38 lanes of the highway, it’s impossible
for big cities. in a local city, it is possible. I mean, some of
the characteristics of each vehicle, each transportation
mode. I have to mention about two strategies. One
strategy is sharing for high occupancy, like walking andtransit systems. And the second one is personal vehicles.
Inside the red is based on walking and public
transportation. Outside the cities the low-density areas
are using these autonomous cars, personal vehicles.
Much better is bicycles.

TheprojectsofLightRailTransitinJapan
Cities at the operating stage
Cities at the project stage
Cities at the planning stage
Utsunomiya

Network type Compact city

PDCA
Cycle

Plan

ActionDo

Check

The multi-core land use are linked withvarious type of transportation mode

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

In my laboratory we are thinking about autonomous cars
and public transportation: A good balance between
autonomous cars and public transportation. My laboratory
tried to categorize traffic volumes. There are many kinds ofroads in cities: Big roads, small roads, main roads, branchroads. Using a personal computer, we can calculate in thenear future how many vehicles can pass through the roadand how many people are parking in the drop-off zone on
the road. Using this computer model, I try to recommend
some future scenarios. That is one of the scenarios. Of
course autonomous cars are very important, but at thesame time we have to think about where you get in andout of the cars. When you ride in a taxi, where do you get
in? In Japan, you just raise your hand and a taxi will stopfor you. If everyone, 100% of the people, raise their hands,
what happens on the road? I just mention about parking
spaces on the road.

ToyamaIkebukuro

15

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Many cities successfully introduced new tram systems,
which people enjoy in the city centers.
The first one is the city of Toyama. The second one is
Utsunomiya, my native town.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

51

Session 1

Urbantransportstrategies
Utsunomiya
urban transport
Railways
Walkable area
Expressway (2019-2028)
strategies

match it with personal data. The red data is bus data, andthe blue data is personal data. When you move aroundwith your smartphones, your movement is automatically
captured. Matching with the movement of the bus
system tells us who is riding the bus, who is riding thetrains and who is riding in personal vehicles.

Plan

East side construction project forLight Rail Transit (2018-2022)

Highways

TOD
Existing
Bus

High-speed trains

LRT

TODatLRTandJRStation

Residential
roads
BRT

Expressway Total Expense: 45,800 million yen
Non-walkablearea

Urban Concept for 10 years later
Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

ActionTheintegrationsmartandcompact

Plan

Image of Smart and Compact City around LRT station

Mixed use development (Convention center, Luxury Hotel)

Open at August in 2022

InJapan,thisLRTproject
willbethefirstwheretheentirelinewasnewlydeveloped.

LRTStation
JRStation

I will give you the example, Utsunomiya’s urban
transportation strategies.

LightRailTransitconstruction

出典：宇都宮市HP
http://www.city.utsunomiya.tochigi.jp/_res/projects/default_project/_page_/001/015/713/image2.pdf

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Now we try to think about the next situation. The newdevelopment is also required. Citizens do not know what
will happen in the future and therefore we are making
these 3D computer graphics.

Do

The tramway route was determined by City Planning Law in 2016••

Operation from 6 am to 23 pm
Every 6 minutes at peak time
(10 minutes at off peak)• Fare 150-400 JPY

Plan

Visualcommunicationwith3DͲCG

Electricpowersupply

LRT

Ground-breaking ceremony in 2018

• ApplicationofNewtechnology• Utilization ofregionalresourceCommunication with PDCA cycle
government

lidate share

P D

C

A

P D

opinion conso
City planner

lidate share

C

A

P D

Business

opinion conso

lidateC

A

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

• Publictransportsystembeforedevelopment• Developmentalongtransitaxis• Thepackageapproach wouldberequiredICcardandsmartphone

opinionconso

7.Conclusion• CompactandSmartcity forsustainablesociety

The key strategies would be thecoordination between land use andtransportation planning whileconsidering time order
Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

LRT Construction from 2018 to 2022

The second one is about a new tram system.
Construction has started in 2018 and this will becompleted in 2022.
People movement from Mobile data Check・Mobile spatial statistics from NTT docomo ( 75 million users ).
・Utilizing mobile data from each mobile phone device observed during transit
between base stations. (Age/gender data can also be determined from

Using the information shown on the slide, we try toestimate what will happen in the future. In the near future,
two years from now, Utsunomiya will introduce the newtram system. What is the future for people who go to thestations and get in the trains? Using these computer
graphics, I’d like to mention about the near future.

RoadPolicyinShinjyuku （新宿）contract information.)

If it exceeds the movement
determination distance (1 km) for acertain time (60 minutes) or more

Stay

When the movement
determination distance (1 km)
is exceeded

Shinjyuku station
3.47 million passenger /dayMove

Shinjyuku SteetRoad width 22m

Criteria for movement /retention determination

Trafficvolume
weekday: 1millionvehicles(Truck30%,Taxi30%)

Parking space
Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

Figure: Summary of Mobile spatial statistics

21

Using mobile-phone data, you can see changes in
population. This graph shows you holidays on the rightand weekdays on the left, for every one hour. In otherwords, where people are at now? Where do people move
to? We can pick up some of the characteristics of thepeople. Young people, elderly people, how many people
come from neighboring prefectures? Using Big Data, we
examine how many people stay here and how many
people move to other places. This one is real-time data.
Using GPS data on buses, we examine how many busespass by on the road. When we get the new data, we

52

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Parking space

5.5m
sidewalk
Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

5.5m
Car lane

5.5m
Car lane

5.5m
sidewalk
26

This slide is about the Shinjuku area. This is a major
downtown area of Tokyo. In terms of the volume ofpassengers on public transportation, it is the best in theworld. Now our city has changed from an automobilebased city. It’s a walking place.

Session 1

Street Seatsforpedestrians

Waseda Univ. A. Morimoto Lab.

出典）森重裕貴,高山宇宙,森本章倫:道路空間将来像の3DVR化がもたらす合意形成への影響に関する研究,土木計画学研究発表会 2018

This slide shows street seats for the pedestrians. That is
my presentation. Thank you for your kind attention.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

53

Session 1

Dr. Chanthy LAY
Deputy Head of Research Office, RUPP

Session 1

Inclusive and Sustainable Smart City
This is my presentation outline. I will give a brief overview
on smart cities and then go on to smart cities in
Cambodia. And then I will start to review and make an
overview of the constraints and propose a solution for
Cambodian cities to become smart cities and tosustainable and inclusive smart cities in Cambodia andend with my conclusion.
A smart city is a city that incorporates information andcommunication technology (ICT) to enhance the qualityof performance of urban services and infrastructure suchas energy, buildings, transportation and urban utilities inorder to reduce resource consumption and also waste
and also conserve time and also conserve cost. So ICT
using the internet and using collected data input canenhance the quality of urban services and infrastructure
to make smart infrastructure, smart services, smart
technology, smart citizens, smart energy, smart
government and education, and also smart mobility andsmart transportation in the cities. I’d like to provide an
overview of the situation of cities in Cambodia. In
Cambodia, cities are the center of development. Most
development activity takes place in the cities, especiallyin terms of housing construction, real estate, services andinfrastructure, utilities, in terms of providing and creating
opportunities for jobs and business opportunities. So all
the kinds of things that will provide a better quality of life
for the people who live in cities are better than for thepeople who live in rural areas in Cambodia. But the kindsof things that attract people from the rural areas to moveto the cities, especially Phnom Penh—to find a better job,
to find a job, better healthcare, better education, to find abetter business or find a business—keep our cities’
populations still growing very fast. Urban services stillneed to be expanded from town to town, but
unfortunately we don’t have urban planning or land-use
planning yet. So due to the rapid population growth in
the cities, particularly in Phnom Penh, we still lack54

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

services and infrastructure in some urban areas,
especially in the newly established areas, in the suburban
areas. So the pace of urban expansion is still faster thanthe pace of urban service and infrastructure expansion,
so there still remains some lengthening of infrastructureand service in some areas. Through the population
growth and urban expansion, cities are becoming more
complicated and congested in terms of traveling, trafficand so forth, so it is complicated. In terms of waste
management also, we have some issues regarding waste
management. The issue of solving waste collection still
remains because the capacity of the waste collection
companies is limited and the waste generation amount is
growing very fast.
I would like to highlight the expansion of Phnom Penh. In
1990 there were only five khan, five districts. But in 2000
we expanded with another two khan, for a total of sevenkhan, and in 2010 we reached 12 khan. So the city now is
three times as large as it was in 1990. So there has beenvery fast expansion of the city. In terms of smart cities in
Cambodia, in Phnom Penh I observe that the concept of
the smart city has been partly introduced and opened interms of communication. Everyone has a smartphone,they can communicate to everyone, every friend in the
country, and they can check their bank accounts throughtheir smartphones, they can check their city bus stations
and bus service from their handheld phones. In terms oftransportation also, we can request pickup at home bypublic taxi or tuktuk. We just request and then wait athome. The taxi will arrive, don’t worry, in about fiveminutes. And also the traffic and also the energy. We
have started to use solar power as well as electricalequipment that saves energy, at home as well as at theworkplace. But from my observation there is still far to go
for the cities of Cambodia to become full smart cities. We
still have a long way to go to reach smart-city status.

Session 1

We use ICT for transportation and traffic control. For
example, we have PassApp applications, to request ororder taxis or tuktuk for pickup at home. And we’ve
started to install cameras in every intersection of themain roads and other roads, so perhaps soon the police
will not need to stand at the intersections, they cancontrol traffic at the office, because the cameras send
information to the office.
I think that, for smart cities in Cambodia, to attainsustainable and inclusive smart cities in Cambodia,
several things need to be done to improve from theexisting challenges of these areas. We have to consider interms of urban planning. We have to improve urban
planning and land-use planning, and also we have tolook into existing urban transport because green
building and we have to consider about resilient cities,
cities that can respond well to climate change, natural
resources, natural environment, and look into waste
management and energy consumption. From urban
planning, in Cambodia, especially in the cities, we don’t
have urban planning. We don’t yet have a comprehensive
land-use master plan to guide the short-term and longterm development of the city. So that is our constraint.
However, there are a few newly established satellite cities
like Koh Pich and Chroy Changvar. But those cities havetheir own land-use plans. So for the solution I think wehave to put into place urban development plans and also
land-use planning, to guide and direct city development
for the long term and future, and of course to ensure thesustainability of the city in the future. Land-use zoning isvery important for urban development, so we have to
identify zoning, to allocate land for industrial zones,
residential zones, institutional zones, administrative
zones, commercial and business zones and so on, so theinfrastructure can be applied and accommodate eachzone effectively.
Urban transport and traffic: These constraints of urban
planning guide transportation development. Traffic andcongestion are still complicated. Traffic is very
complicated now, in terms of the sidewalks and streets. A
lot of people try to use the sidewalk for their business. We
also have a lot of street food vendors who use the street
for their business. So it’s very complicated now. We havebeautiful traffic laws at the moment, but enforcement
and implementation and respect for the law is still in the
beginning. It still needs to improve. So our solution isthat we have to put into place an urban transport masterplan to apply and correct mass public transport, to getpeople to change their behavior of using private vehicles,
to use public transport such as public buses or taxies
instead. Maybe in the short-term future we can have askytrain or streetcars. We also have to design pedestrian

and bicycle paths, because the city streets are very
complicated. There’s no space to walk. Even if I want towalk from my home to the university, the streets are very
complicated. The sidewalks are occupied by people whoare parking their cars or doing their business. So we haveto improve enforcement and implementation of ourexisting traffic laws.
For buildings: This is another area we have to consider. Ourconstraint at the moment is the lack of building standards.
The Ministry of Land and Housing doesn’t have building
standards or building codes yet to check the quality ofbuildings. Now the Ministry and Department of Housing
are still using construction permits. If you want to build ahouse or building, you submit the documents and thegovernment reviews the documents and provides a permit
for construction. So as a solution we have to apply
building standards so that we can control the quality ofbuildings, to accommodate people so that they can live
safely and in good health in the buildings. We also need to
introduce smart buildings, like green and environmentallyfriendly buildings, so the buildings will have to saveenergy, save power and save water.
Resilient cities: Because of the effects of climate change,
global warming, the temperature is increasing andbecoming extreme. Increasing temperatures andchanges in precipitation lead to extreme flooding,drought and other climatic hazards in the future for thecities of Cambodia. And the other constraint that we haveis limited capacity for adaptation to climate change andnatural disasters. All of these factors increase thevulnerability of Cambodian cities to climate change. As asolution, we have to make our cities resilient to climate
extremes and disasters, incorporate climate-change
response into urban services and infrastructuredevelopment, and we have to conserve our naturalenvironment, like natural lakes and reservoirs, and wehave to establish green belts for the cities. So for the
resilient cities, maybe we have to learn a lot from Japan,
because Japan has very good experience with resilient
cities and has faced disasters, such as floods, earthquakes
and tsunami. But Japan can do some remarkably quick
recovery after disasters.
Natural resources: Our natural resources in Cambodia’s
cities have been encroached by development activity.
Some natural lakes and natural reservoirs that we havereserved as storm-water reservoirs have been filled up fordevelopment. Some of the lakes to the north and southof Phnom Penh have been filled up to convert into
residential and commercial areas. So as a solution we
have to stop the encroachment and respect andconserve existing natural lakes and reservoirs, and clearly

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

55Session 1

identify and conserve green urban space and enrichurban ecological zones, and enhance the functions of thenatural environment for the health and safety of the cityand its citizens.
In terms of waste management, we also have someproblems that we have to consider. We don’t havesufficient sewerage and drainage to drain the storm
water during periods of intense rainfall. Most of thenatural reservoirs have been plugged, so during intense
rainfall all the water has to go into the drains and sewers.
They do not have enough capacity to drain all that storm
water during intense rainfall. So our cities are stillvulnerable to flooding during intense rainfall because of
the low capacity of the drainage and sewers. Waste
collection has also become an issue. Assisting waste
collection companies that still have limited capacity tocollect all of the booming of the waste generation. And
since our city is expanding very fast, to very big
boundaries, we have to improve that. Our solution is tocontrol encroachment; strictly conserve the natural lakes;
increase the capacity of sewers and existing drainage
systems; and decentralize waste management services.
Until now waste management services have been
provided by one company only. We have a very good
recommendation from our Prime Minister that we cansolve the problem of existing centralized garbage
collection by dividing Phnom Penh into four zones for
waste collection and each zone will be handled byindividual waste collection companies.

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Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

In terms of energy, yes, we still have problems, because
we still depend on energy supplied by generators andstill use conventional meters for power consumption. As
a solution, we have to change the behavior of powerusers to use energy-saving electrical and electronicequipment. Also we need to introduce renewableenergies such as solar and wind power.
In conclusion: Cambodia’s cities are still far from reaching
the status of smart cities. But we have to consider about
smart city managers and smart people and smart citizens
as H.E. Dr. Chhem Rethy mentioned. And also we have toconsider about smart systems in cities to enhancemobility, safety, health and the economy. Urban planning
is very important for smart cities. We don’t have urban
planning and we don’t have sustainable development for
the whole city.
The last one is population growth in the cities. We haveto control population growth. We have to develop
smaller cities, maybe in the suburbs or in rural orprovincial areas, and increase development activities in
the rural areas. So the tendency is to stop movement ofpeople from rural areas to the cities to find jobs, to findbetter education and so on. Thank you very much foryour attention.

Session 1

Dr. Shizuo IWATA
Chairman, ALMEC Corporation

Session 1

Inclusive and Sustainable Smart City
A Practical Approach to Sustainable City Planning and Development
So today I’d like to touch on the rapid urbanization that istaking place everywhere in developing countries. What are
the critical urban issues facing Phnom Penh? And to define
the concept of sustainable development in practical terms
and where the opportunities are to promote sustainable
development, I dare to suggest some proposals for Phnom
Penh. Let me try.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on
Ecotechnologies

A PRACTICAL APPROACH TOSUSTAINABLE CITY PLANNING AND
DEVELOPMENT

30km
10km

IWATA Shizuo, Dr. Eng.
ALMEC Corporation

30km

10km

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, I hope you don’t
get tired. Be patient, another 15 minutes. My presentation
today is a practical approach to sustainable city planningand development. Thanks for good information about
Phnom Penh before my presentation. I run a private
consulting firm and I’ve been working as a consultant on
urban transportation development in developing Asian
countries such as Vietnam—Hanoi, Danang, Ho Chi
Minh—and especially in the Philippines—Manila, Cebu,
mainly for JAICA funding. So my presentation is verypractical. We have talked about a lot of ideas and policies,
but our role is to determine how we can make a doableproject. Because whenever we have beautiful ideas, unless
we can implement them and transform them into
tangible projects, the government cannot do them andthe people cannot benefit.
Urbanization is Unavoidable andwill Continue for Long in the Future

Topics• Accelerating and thetrend is irreversible• Beyond municipal
boundary• Densification in central
areas and sprawl insuburban areas.
• Urbanization + economic
growth + motorization• Rapid urbanization and its impacts• Current critical urban issues facing Phnom Penh
• Concept of sustainable city planning anddevelopment• Opportunities and threats• Suggestions to Phnom PenhmillionTOKYO
METROPOLITANREGION

35

30

MEGA
MANILA

25

20

METRO
MANILA

15➜ Phnom Penh should notunderestimate future
urbanization trend!
Need to be prepared forvaried impacts.
2

Three Popular Main Urban Issues in Developing Cities

Managing Spatial Structure is the Most Critical
50km

12 December 2019TOKYO

Tokyo (23 wards)• 618 km2
• 9.2 million• 146 ps/ha

50km(e.g. Metro Manila)• 2,400 km-long rail system
contributed to excessive urban
expansion ( ∼ 50 km radius).
• High global city ranking.
• Large number of commuters
to/from city center.

50• Traffic Congestions

Rail Public Transport-Based

Metro Manila• 620 km2
• 12.9 million• 208 ps/ha

30km• Hazard risks (flood,etc.)• Farther densification in CBDs andrapid sprawl to suburban area.
• Road-based public transport withlimited LRT/MRT. 70% Of demandby public while 70% of road spaceshared by private.
• Serious traffic congestion in thecity and corridors. ($0.5 mil/day).

• Affordable housing

Road Public Transport-Based

15km
5 km

Phnom Penh
• 679 km2
• 2.2 million• 33 ps/ha
CBD (4 Khan)• 28 km2• 7.0 million• 250 ps/ha

15 km
15km

•
•
•

Planned Spatial Structure in
Phnom PenhControl developments in CBD andavoid sprawl and promote
polycentric compact urban area.
Encourage polycentric compact
urban areas with good connectivity(elevated transit system) with CBD.
Promote TOD and integrated urban
development.
How to realize?

➜ Three issues are closelyinter-related. Need tosolve three issues
simultaneously throughintegrated development.
4• Absolute lack of road spaceand network, especially inouter areas.
• Poor traffic management.
• Lack of discipline by road
users (drivers andpedestrians).
• Parking, and many others.
• Direct impact on life andhealth of the people.
• Low-income groups are more
affected.
• Absence or ineffective policy
and institutional framework
by Government.
• Wide spread of slums andsquatters.
• Overlapped with hazard-riskareas.
• Impact on socio-economic andenvironment for themselves
and the city.

5

I have picked up three cities with different urbanization
processes and socioeconomic backgrounds: Tokyo, Manila
and Phnom Penh. Different size. But I’d like to focus moreon the similarities among the three cities rather thandifferences.
One is speed of urbanization. A latecomer like Manila isurbanizing faster than experienced by Tokyo. Second, thegrowth goes beyond the existing administrative
boundaries. The Tokyo central area sees a population
increase, then the suburban areas grow, and finally the
metropolitan area is still growing. Number three isdensification. Population density in the central area isgoing to move further. At the same time suburban
expansion of the cities will continue. So Phnom Penh has
just started urbanization. So in which direction is Phnom
Penh going? You have a lot of experience from other cities.
So you should make the right choice.

TOKYO(23 WARDS)

1052.0 mil

1.2 mil
0
1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020
2020

PHNOM PENH
2030

3

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

57

Session 1

population density is 250 people per hectare. That is far
more than Manila and Tokyo. Tokyo’s population density
within the 23 wards is only, as you see, 146 per hectare. So
250 people per hectare in Phnom Penh’s four khan, so you
can imagine without any transport infrastructure provision. . . So, we would like to suggest that the government
should look into establishing subcenters in the outer areas.
How to realize that?

Approach to Sustainable City Development
Sustainability• Sectoral integration• Institutional integration

Desirable zone

• Make the most use of ICTs

Tokyo
Transport

Sustainable
Urban
Development

Hazard Risk
Management

Need for own indicators
on sustainability
• SDG
• ISO

Where Phnom Penh stands

ManilaPoint of no return

Affordable
Housing

Death zone

Issues on Infrastructure Development

Sustainable Development + ICT = Smart City

ICTs

Problems

6

Let’s look more closely at these cities. First, you may besurprised to learn that Tokyo and Metro Manila havecommon features. Over 70% of the people are served bypublic transport. Tokyo is one of the largest urban areas in
the world, with a population of more than 13 million.
Tokyo ranks as one of the top-ranked cities in the city
rankings of the world. Although the urban area expanded
to the range of 50 km, people can still commute with anaverage of one hour. So Tokyo has sprawled to a very big
size, but because of its 2,400 km of railway network,
people can still commute to workplaces in the city center.
On the other hand, Metro Manila has an urban area similarin size to Tokyo, slightly lower than the Tokyo metropolitan
area. Because it is congested, more than 70% of the
population is served by public transport, but mobility isextremely constrained. There are three urban rail lines, alllocated in the city center, but they have limited capacity.
Therefore the people who can only afford to own houses
in suburban areas, where property prices are low, spend a
lot of time commuting. One research study indicates thatpeople have to spend from 2.3 to 5 hours a day
commuting in Manila, creating a $0.5 million economic
loss every day. That means congestion costs Manila almost
PHP100 billion a year. So that is the cost of congestion.
Critical Review of Existing Master Plan

Environmental Zoning is a Primary Basis to
Formulate Urban Master Plan

Main Points for Review• Environment is protected and hazard risks
are minimized?
• Traffic congestions are reduced andmobility of people and good are ensured?
• Economic growth is supported directly andindirectly by Master Plan?
• Social concerns are properly attended
including provision of affordable housing?
• Vision and goals are set properly andshared among stakeholders?
• Institutional framework to implement
Master Plan is available?
• Priorities are given properly?
• Funding opportunities of private sector isproperly provided and controlled?
• Role sharing between public and private
sectors is adequate?
• Funding for key projects is ensured?
• Plan is monitored properly?

Master Plan for Urban Development
Phnom Penh 2035 Land Use Plan

Main Causes• Land acquisition• Lack of funding• Ineffective service provision• Inadequate institutional framework• Transport Infrastructure(roads, rails, terminals)• Urban utility plans andsystems• Parks and green space• Affordable housing sites

Suggested Possible Solutions•

Reform and strength urban planning and development system•

Find alternative ways for land acquisition (land readjustment method, etc.)•

Improve Public-Private Partnership (private sector funding/management)•

Effective use of ODA assistance (technical and financial assistance)

9

Urban problems are complex and wide-ranging. Thatmakes city planning very complicated. To simplify
congestion, what are the key urban issues? So this is thecase of Manila. We have narrowed down to three issues.
One is traffic congestion. The second is hazard risks andfloods. And the third is affordable housing. Many people
come, you cannot control the people coming into thecities. It’s easy to say, “we control the population.” But thatcan only be done in some countries. So once people come,we have to provide them with affordable housing.
Another complicated thing about urban planning is that
all three of these issues are interrelated. So we have to fit
the three into one. We can find projects or policy activities
to address these three issues at the same time. Of course,
we can do traffic signalization and flood control sector by
sector, but this is not the solution.

Satellite Imagery
•
•
•

15km

Hazard (flood) risk areas
Areas with ecological value
Areas with cultural/heritage value

15kmClassify the areas with
development suitability

5km

.

•
•
•

Development promotion areas
Development control areas
Development restricted areas•••

Environment zoning
Land use zoning
Key infrastructure plan

5km.

City Structure Plan

➜ Need for updating to a more strategic plan.
7

8

It is said that now Phnom Penh does not have a city plan.
But I found in a past JAICA study this spatial structure of
Ho Chi Minh City. This indicates a polycentric pattern
rather than a monocentric pattern. So this plan indicatesthe development of subcenters. In the same study, it is also
indicated that the subcenters are connected by masstransit. So I think that is good enough as a start for Phnom
Penh, because in Phnom Penh’s urban area, the four khan
in the city center with a size of 280 square km alreadyaccommodate 7 million people. That means the average58• Large Infrastructure Gap in
Quantity and Quality

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Sustainable development: Before we go into detail about
what we are going to do we have to define whatsustainable development is in the urban planning context.
We have, as I said, transport, affordable housing andhazard risk management. All of these areas overlap withthe area of sustainable urban development. But today wehave strong help from the ICT. So if you have sustainableurban development with the help of ICT, that is a smart
city. That is how we have interpreted it.
If you look on the right figure, the side indicates that whensustainability goes down to a certain level it cannot return
to a sustainable level anymore. Where does Tokyo stand?
Tokyo is close to the desirable zone, according to the world
ranking report. Manila is very close to the death zone.
Where does Phnom Penh stand? We have to define this.

Session 1

Once you go beyond the point of no return, you go into
the death zone. Manila is very close, Bangkok is close,
Jakarta is close.
I have found the Phnom Penh master plan for the target
year 2035. At present, all urban activities are concentrated
within a 15 km range. But this plan must be reviewed fromthe environmental viewpoint. Whether the environment is
protected, traffic congestion is reduced, economic growthis supported as directed by the master plan, social
concerns are appropriately attended—especially theprovision of affordable housing—and the vision and goals
are set properly to share among the stakeholders. It is not
only the availability. The master plan must be supportedby the people. Otherwise we cannot make a move. An
institutional framework to implement the plan is available.
Making a plan is one thing. But how to implement themaster plan is another thing. So for this one we have good
regulations and control measures. So, while many possible
projects can be identified to improve the cities, we have toassign the proper priorities. The funding opportunities in
the private sector, if properly provided and controlled,should be used because the money is there in the private
sector. Government should make use of that money. The
role-sharing between the public and private sectors is
adequate. Now, the private sector is much stronger than
before, not only in funding but also in management ofoperations. On funding for key projects, especially this one,
I’m talking about on the government side, for the key
projects we cannot implement hundreds of projects at thesame time. We have to prioritize and we have to focus ourattention on key projects. Then the plan must be
monitored properly.
Then, what to start. I’d like to put environmental zoning
first on a priority basis to formulate an urban master plan.
First of all, the environment should provide the basis ofurban planning. A practical approach is to identify thoseenvironmentally sensitive areas such as high hazard risk
areas, areas with ecological value and areas of culturalheritage value. Here I’m using a satellite image. Thanks tothese satellite images, we have a good database of things
that have to be protected. Then we go to the so-called“environmental zoning.” Then we classify the areas suitablefor development. So areas will be classified by theirdevelopment suitability, such as areas where development
is allowed and promoted. The second one is one wheredevelopment is allowed but controlled, allowed undercertain conditions. A third one is a zone wheredevelopments are restricted. This kind of broad zoning
provides a basis for the city structure plan—land-use
zoning, key infrastructure plan and so on.
But in reality the problems and issues in infrastructuredevelopment are very critical. There are large gaps, notonly in quality but also in quantity. This is because of the
difficulty of land acquisition, lack of funding, lack ofeffective service provision and lack of institutionalframework, as was already indicated.
So there are four possible solutions. One is reform andstrengthening of the urban planning and development
system. It is commonly understood that there is no masterplan. In fact there is a master plan, but it should be more
firmly updated and shared across departments and evenamong the people. The second point is with regard toattending the difficulty of land acquisition. We have to findalternative ways of land acquisition. In Japan we have akind of land pooling, land adjustment and renewal, so thegovernment doesn’t just focus on purchasing all the land.
So there are alternative approaches in other cities. The
third is an improved public-private partnership (PPP). Thisis the fashion among developing countries. But balance
between the public and private sectors is difficult.
Especially in urban infrastructure planning, thegovernment should take the lead before the private sector
proposes infrastructure, activities, and so on. And finally
there is the effective use of ODA assistance. ODA is quite
neutral, especially Japanese ODA. I don’t know about theother countries, but Japanese ODA is quite neutral,technical and financial. So these are the possible solutions
or modalities to make policies move on.
A Suggested Approach for Infrastructure Development
Step 1 Update official Master Plan,
including “environmental
zoning.”Step 2 Choose locations for new urban
area (including affordable
housing) and alignment of
MRT/transit corridor.

10km

5km

City Center

Public transport
corridor
New urban area
including affordable
housing

Step 3 Conduct F/S and designate theTransport Development X Urban Development
ROW for development areawith legal binding force.
• Acquire the land necessary • Acquire the land necessary
Step 4 Prepare integrated
implementation plan toencourage private sector
involvement and to ensure
protection of public interests.
Step 5 Practise phased development
to match demand and needs

for ultimate transit routeand station areas.
• Introduce low-cost transit
systems(bus
andparatransit).
• Construct elevated MRT on
PPP scheme when demand
increases.

for public transport based
urban development andaffordable
housing(Government role).
• Encourage private sector
involvement
inthedevelopments.
• Promote TOD around thestation and integrated
development on PPP.
10

So I’d like to explain my suggested approach toinfrastructure development. Step one: the difficulty inmaking this slide is how to integrate transport, urban
development and the environment. We have to always
consider the sustainable-development concept. The firststep is to update the official master plan, including theenvironmental zoning. So, this is where development andthe environment are closely linked. Step two: Choose
locations for new urban areas, including affordable
housing sites and alignment with MRT and transit
corridors. And so also this will relate to consideration of theland support for urban development and the urban
environment. Step three: Conduct a feasibility study andCambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

59Session 1

designate the rights-of-way (ROWs) of all developmentareas with legal binding force. So that assures the landacquisition for the land we need for development and thespace for mass transit. We need an official master plan atthat time. With a GIS map we can identify the locations of
the ROWs very precisely. Whether the land is owned by theprivate sector or public sector, where it is necessary we will
specify the areas for development. Number four: Prepare
the integrated development plan, to encourage privatesector involvement and ensure the protection of public
interest. The private sector has its own interest for getting
involved, which is making money. The government must
control that, from the viewpoint of protecting the public
interest. Public interest and private-sector profit should becoordinated. Then practice phased development to matchdemand. That means that land acquisition comes first,
then as demand increases over the due course of time,
mass transit or public transit can be constructed. This new
approach will help with the shortage of government
funding, but it requires good enforcement. Clear policies
of carrot and stick are necessary.
In this process we have new technologies, new areas ofservices which are the main topic of this symposium. On
the right side, on the private-sector side, there are a lot ofservices that are already there, such as ride sharing,
carpooling and even multimodal transport arrangements
and real-time travel information. These kinds oftechnologies and services can be automatically developedby the private sector. The government doesn’t have to get
involved much, the private sector can do it. What the
government should do is determine how to facilitate theprivate sector’s activities into the government project. So
there is information that only the government can provide.
For example, traffic accidents, traffic control measures(one-way or by city cop), parking control, events,
construction work, those kinds of information the private
sector is not interested in collecting. So the government
can do a lot of things to develop infrastructure in a waythat enables private-sector services to function properly.

Level 1

Level 0MaaS = Mobility as a Service• Connected• Automated• Sharing• Electronic

Emerging and Rapidly Growing Factor: Increased Use of ICTsThis is the case of Manila. We have to learn from many
countries’ experiences, not only from Japan and otherdeveloped countries. This is Manila in the 1920s, around
100 years ago. So in red you can see the streetcar network.
At this time the population of Manila was about 300,000.
But this extensive rail network, with a total of 85 km,
covered about 40% of the demand. The important thing isthat this railway line was developed and run by the private
sector. Then out in the suburban areas they also developed
housing areas and sold houses. And at the same time they
provided the power. This is a power company. The powercompany developed the electric cars, streetcars, and thenhousing developments. All we need is already realized
here. But Manila unfortunately forgot this model. But
therefore the spirit of the private sector’s role is significant;there is a very strong and active private sector. The
streetcars and also the streets were very well managed.
There were wide sidewalks, tram vehicle transport andprivate cars. So this is a situation we are trying to emulate.

Suggestions• Revisit and define “Sustainable City Planning andDevelopment for Phnom Penh”• Importance of integrated planning and development• Maximize use of ICTs
• Deepen PPP scheme• Strengthen governance on city planning and development• Energy
Level 5

Level 4

Level 3• Telecom

Smart City

• Security• Healthcare• Multi-modal transport
information• Real-time travel
information• Online ticketing/payment• Monitoring• Ride hailing• Car sharing• Car pooling• M/C, bicycle sharing• Others

 Initiative of Private Sector 
11• Education• GovernanceConnected

Importance ofIntegrated City
Planning andDevelopment

A total market value of USD 1.5 trillion (2020 Global)
Source: Frank & Sullivan analysis• Spatial structure:

From mono-centric to poly-centric spatial structure• Environment:

Increased concern on environmental sustainability• Population
Increase• Economic Growth:

Increasing concern on affordable housing and livability:

Increase in budget envelop of Government, value capture
opportunities, private sector investment, affordability of people• Motorization:

From traffic management to mobility management

12

So this smart-city market is global and very big. One
consultant estimated it is worth US$1.5 trillion in 2020. But
the important thing from the government side is how tointegrate these services and technologies into the city
planning and development.

60

13• Mobility

 Initiative of Public Sector • Urgent attention to current traffic crisis
while promoting smart transport• Intersection upgrading (signalization, layout
improvement, CCTV camera, sensors, WIFI)• Provision of traffic management data to
Maas Operators (traffic accidents, traffic
control measures, events, construction
work, etc.)• Transform/construct transport infrastructure
Level 2
to facilitate emerging services by private
sector• Population: approximately 300,000 in 1920-1930• Well-planned urban area
• Extensive tranvia network (track length): ~85km• Tranvia covered about 40% total demand• Strategic integrated development by private sector:
suburban line + housing development + power
supply• Diversified urban transport modes• Good traffic management

Thank you for your attention!

Global Opportunities of Smart City Market

Be Prepared for Promoting Smart Transport
while Current Transport Issues are Attended

Learn From Own Experiences Manila’s Transportation and Integrated Urban
Development (1920s)

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

I’d like to make some suggestions for Phnom Penh.
Whether they are correct or not, please discuss in thepanel session. First, revisit and define sustainable city
planning and development for Phnom Penh, recognizing
the importance of integrating the land, not isolating it.
Maximize the use of ICT, deepen PPP schemes, andstrengthen governance in city planning anddevelopment. Government has to take the lead. Thankyou very much.

Panel Discussion Following Session 1

DAY 1

Panel Discussion Following Session 1
Dr. Soth SOK, Moderator, Dean, Faculty of Education, RUPP
H.E. Dr. Rethy CHHEM, Minister attached to Prime Minister
Dr. Akinori MORIMOTO, Professor, Waseda University, Faculty of Science andEngineering/School of Creative Science and Engineering

Dr. Chanthy LAY, Deputy Head of Research Office, RUPPDr. Shizuo IWATA, Chairman, ALMEC Corporation

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

61Panel Discussion Following Session 1

Participants:
Dr. Soth Sok, moderator (SS)
H.E. Dr. Rathy Chhem (RC)Dr. Akinori Morimoto (AM)Dr. Chanthy Lay (CL)
Dr. Shizuo Iwata (SI)

Panel Discussion Following Session 1
SS: I’m very honored to be here to moderate this session.
When I listen to the speech given by the Excellency andthe ambassador, it reminds me of the time that I came to
Phnom Penh in 1995. Phnom Penh was a low-rise city inthe 90s. Japanese participants say Tokyo was a low-risecity in the 1950s and how Japan in 50–60s is similar to
Cambodia. I’m just hoping that in the future Cambodia
will work itself out and then we get rid of all thesechallenges that we face every day and from there we will
be able to have a country that focus on human safety andhuman centric approach. Now I would like to start thispanel discussion by asking the panelists to share a few
words on whether this is possible and what else we haveto do especially as a Dean of the Faculty of Education, I
would like to have insight into what we can also do inorder to make this a reality and after that I especiallyencourage the student to ask questions.

SI: City planning is the key issue. Planning is a way ofmaximizing the future value of a city; ad hoc
development has its place but without planning it cancompromise the city’s future value. The key to effective
city planning is appropriate role sharing between the
public and private sectors. This sharing has both benefits
and risks: The burden of planning is too great forgovernment to handle alone, so it requires two types of
support, private-sector support and ICT. However, caremust be taken because the private sector’s motivation is
to make a profit, not to serve the public. In sum, the roleof the private sector is to provide the operational andmanagement capabilities that government can nevermatch, while the role of the public sector is to plan, toguide and supervise with a carrot-and-stick approach, aswell as to provide certain critical infrastructure that only
government can provide.

Question: Can Cambodia evolve in the same direction
as Japan in terms of development and care, becoming
human-focused, safer and more moral?

RC: Sustainability springs from a shared commitment in acommunity to live together with mutual respect. This
shared commitment requires a two-track approach:effective policy and civil culture/respect for the rule oflaw. As asserted by 19th-century German biologist andpolitician Rudolf Virchow, policy is like medical treatment,with the general public as the patient. Medicine/policy
must be sound and focused on the needs of the patient/public. On the second point, education is necessary to

AM: “Smart city” is only a concept; to become substantial,
the important thing is a combination between land plan,
digital (ICT) plan and budget plan. Many young people
here have to learn how to improve based on the culture,“city forms” and transportation.

62

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Panel Discussion Following Session 1

make citizens aware of their responsibilities as well as
their rights. Here the Cambodian people are held back by
the trauma of the Khmer Rouge era, in which children
grew up learning that lying, cheating and betraying were
the key to survival. As a result Cambodians do notrespect the public space, breaking the law (throwing
trash on the street, misusing public space, etc.) and being
uncivil toward fellow citizens. However, considering thatJapan overcame its trauma from the nuclear bombings,
Cambodia can and must do the same. Social justice mustcome from the government but it also must come fromwithin the individual in the form of respect for law andthe common space.
CL: Creating sustainable smart cities requires robust
planning, including urban planning, land-use planningand zoning, coupled with development of the necessary
traits in the citizenry (“smart people”). A key reason for
the need for planning is the need for resilient cities. Cities
are exposed to disasters, such as earthquakes. Also,
climate change exposes cities to dangers such as risingtemperatures (temperature is forecast to be 2.5°C higher
in 2100 than today), flooding and changes inprecipitation; cities must be made resilient against thesethreats. Drainage is a problem in Phnom Penh, where thefilling-in of natural reservoirs for development projects
has left the city increasingly vulnerable to flooding.
Regarding “smart people,” education and awarenessraising will take a long time. Phnom Penh has excellent
traffic laws but education is needed, because
enforcement is lax and compliance is poor. Cambodia isthus a long way from achieving true smart cities.
Questions from the audience

Q: How should Cambodia start to proceed with smart
cities? Cambodia’s technology is far behind Japan’s.
Cambodia lacks the necessary institutional frameworkand lack of general understanding of what a smart city is.
What should the government do first?
RC: Three things are needed. First, a public-private
partnership, because the private sector has thetechnology and the drive. Second, a public sector that isclean, has sound policy and has people who are good atmath and statistics. Third, get the people involved, witheducation and leadership. So the public sector has to do
the analysis, use it to create a story that will inspire thepeople, then have the leadership to keep the people
engaged. The smart city will be built by the young
people, who are savvy about the technology.
SI: Before moving on to the smart city the city must
finish the unfinished work on the basics. Take care of thepoor by providing conventional infrastructure andservices first.
AM: Smart cities aren’t necessarily about high technology.
The most important thing is face-to-face communicationand the smartest transportation is walking, in a walkablecity. Some says a smart transportation is a self-driving car.
I don’t think so. That is walking and walkable city is thebest because one goal is a sustainable society.
Question and comment from H.E. Dr. Mey Kalyan:
Talk about smart cities is too vague. It is pie in the sky
until Phnom Penh has working traffic lights, a power gridwithout frequent brownouts, zoning and so on. Similarly,
the moral dimension must be established first.

Background to Q: Basic study for a smart-city project inSiem Reap is under way with assistance from CIAJ. Siem
Reap municipal government does not know what a smart
city is. The city’s specific needs need to be clarified. Smartcities are about more than technology but theinstitutional framework is not yet in place. Companies areready with technology but the national government is
not yet ready with policy.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

63

64

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

DAY 1

Session 2
Mr. Hong Kok CHEA, Director of Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy Department,
Secretariat, Entrepreneurship Development Funds,
the Ministry of Economy and Finance

Dr. Tomohiro FUJITA, Founder & CEO of Chitose Group/(Member of Bioeconomy
Strategy Council, CABINET SECRETARIAT)

Mr. Sopagna SEANG, Vice-President of Young Entrepreneur Association of Cambodia
Mr. Kei IINUMA, Incubation and Investment Manager from KSP, Inc.

Session 2

Mr. Hong Kok CHEA
Director of Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy Department, Secretariat,
Entrepreneurship Development Funds, the Ministry of Economy and FinanceSession 2

Private Sector Involvement in Human Resource andCareer Development for Future Eco-societyYour Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, students, this is
my great pleasure to be able to speak today, to introduce
the Skill Development Fund (SDF). This is a mechanismthat my team at the Ministry of Finance (MOF) has
initiated to solve economic problems. So why us? Why
did the MOF initiate this program? Let me give you a little
bit of background. I’m the Director of the Macroeconomic
and Fiscal Policy Department. At my department, we
focus on, we evaluate economic issues and then provide
recommendations to the management of budget
planning in order to support growth. As you may know,
our economic growth for the past two decades was verymuch reliant on traditional sectors: Agriculture, industry,
mainly driven by government. But since 2015, in 2016,
the ADB upgraded our status from “low-income
economy” to “middle-to-low-income economy.”
Becoming a lower-middle-income economy means you
have to deal with a lot of challenges. So what are thechallenges? You would see an increase in the number ofdiversified sectors, meaning you see production ofelectronic products coming in, you see sophisticatedconstruction materials coming in, you see technology,
digital, ICT coming to the financial sector. On the one
hand these things come in to take advantage of a
growing economy, but on the other hand they further
boost economic growth. But our challenge is that we do
not have enough skill to support this foreign direct
investment (FDI). Our labor is very much low-trained.
Given the context, that we have a 70% dropout rate in
Grade 9, it makes it very difficult to upgrade our younglabor force. So what is the problem here? We looked
around and we traveled around the whole country and
we reviewed and evaluated our institutions and werealized that the private sector is one of the key sourcesof training. So why don’t they train? There are many
issues, many market factors, and I will go through them
one by one.

66

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Because of that we think an SDF is a good tool to at least
kickstart, to test and to stimulate more investment in
training, so that we can support FDI and also we canboost and sustain growth at the rate of 7%. Because
going forward, to sustain growth at a 7% rate for the next
10 years, we need to boost the skills of our labor force.
So why collaboration? For the government, of course,
social welfare, job creation, economic growth are so
important. We have the strengths of public policy
institutions, we can organize and connect on a larger scale.
These are the government’s strengths. While the private
sector has industrial strength, it has technology, it has
innovation. These are the types of training the public
sector can never match. So the two sectors can work
together to provide synergy, promote technology andinnovation, and of course we can scale up the training of
our labor. So I think it is very economical and very
synergistic when the private and the public work together.
Why should we work together? Here’s the challenge.
Based on our research over the last three years, we foundout why there is so little skills training in the market. Firstof all is market failure, quality mismatch. Training
providers can never provide the skills that the private
sector wants. There are many reasons. Because oftechnological change, we see different tools, different
equipment acquired by the private sector, that make thepublic-sector training institutes obsolete, because they
are using old equipment. This will continue to create amismatch if we continue to follow the same model.
The second is weak incentive to train in the private
sector. Because right now the private sector has tocompete, anyone who comes along later can pay ahigher price, to poach. So they are very reluctant. They
want someone to jump in to help reduce the risk.

Session 2

Third is inadequate information from the private sector
and public sector and also our young labor force here.
There’s a lot of funding coming in but there’s no interestin coming to get training. Also of course institutions’
understanding of the private sector is weak. Our
curriculum alignment is quite slow, it is not flexible. Andof course culture. The cultural collaboration and trustneeds to be built as a foundation.
So these are the problems going forward without any
mechanism to fix the problem. We continue to see lack oftrained labor and lack of investment. So what are theinitiatives we need to solve this problem? To solve thismarket failure and lack of trust, the government came up
with this SDF in 2018. It’s a $5 million fund. The ADB has
just put in another $9 million. And now the government
has just allocated another $5 million for 2020. So we havenearly $20 million. IFAD just provided another $6 million
for rural training activities.
So to fix the problem we want to make sure that allindustries that participate in the program will ensure thequality of training. So this is a form of quasi-subsidy,
productive subsidies, to ensure that the private sector
and public schools work together to commit to deliver
key performance indicators (KPI). So what is KPI? Training
must be of very good quality so they have to pay a higher
salary after the training costs. They have to ensure a
dropout rate no more than 15%. And they have to also
ensure that after the training, industry has to provide
higher salaries. So this KPI actually forces all key players
to ensure quality control. So if they come up with thiscommitment letter, they can get the funding from thegovernment. Right now it’s co-financing. So in 2019,
there was the entrepreneurship development fund (EDF),
it’s right in front of our university. The SDF is for training
labor. The EDF was initiated in 2019, this year, to solve theproblems of entrepreneurs and SMEs, because SMEs
lacked the networks, lacked the skills and capacity to
manage and run their companies. So the fund we are

creating builds the entrepreneurial ecosystem to ensurethat investment, FDI from abroad will access the network
so they can access SME and equity investments withlower risk.
So let me summarize again. The aim of the SDF is toboost the skill level of the workforce. The aim of the EDF
is to boost the skill level of the entrepreneurs. The first isfor the soldiers and the second is for the generals. We
need to have these two groups of people very welltrained, so that we can support FDI and sustain theeconomy in the long run. We’ve been running the fundfor about a year now. This is our vision: We want tobecome a trusted financing platform, because of themarket’s lack of trust. The training providers cannot
ensure the quality and that’s why the private sector
doesn’t want to invest. Any industry that comes to anagreement, that works with the public sector, has toensure quality. We have to make sure that we create trust
through the market.
So who are the beneficiaries of this training fund? Largefirms, SMEs and trainers who want to train can come up
with a proposal to be a service provider. And then here
are the criteria, our paid-up subsidy up to around $8
million, around $2,000 per student. We have the firstround, calling, we have about 529 students, our labor
force, our trainees, so nine programs, 23 companies,
collaborating six training institutions, so these are the skill
sets that we fund. That is the model. The private sector has
to commit and the government has to also fund.
Policy in focus: At the macro level, we tried to test thistotal of SDF initiative and EDF, to boost innovation andsupport growth. Going forward we are looking forward
to building up the institution to run these two funds sothat later on we can scale up. This is our idea of how we
can solve our economic challenges. Thank you very muchfor listening.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

67Session 2

Dr. Tomohiro FUJITAFounder & CEO of Chitose Group/(Member of Bioeconomy Strategy Council,
CABINET SECRETARIAT)

Session 2

Private Sector Involvement in Human Resource andCareer Development for Future Eco-society
Creation of a New Business with Cambodia
on biomass. Now we are living in the 21st century. We haveto do something for the 22nd and 23rd centuries. But wehave to do something in the 21st century. So making thiskind of society, biotechnology-dependent society, I made12 companies and 10 businesses. To change society weneed to make a new business.
&UHDWLRQ RI D QHZ EXVLQHVV ZLWK &DPERGLD

I made more than 20 businesses. To make a new business,every business needs a will. Every business needs
younger people who are eager for success. So I want tomake a society, not only in Japan but around the world,
where everyone can do what they are eager to do, notthe things society wants them to do. So this is mychallenge, not only mine but for every member of theyounger generation, I think.

 WK 'HF&KLWRVH*URXSThank you for inviting me and thank you for giving me
presentation opportunity for the Cambodian younger
people. I’m very proud to show my experience to theyounger people in Cambodia.

These are our members, more than 100. Actually about
120 members. About 20% of us are not Japanese. We have
Singaporean, Malaysian, Iraqi, Taiwanese … right now we
don’t have any Cambodian people, Brunei people or
Chinese. Most of them are scientists, from agricultural
faculties and so on. Most are scientists and 37 have a PhD.

My company is named Chitose. “Chitose” means “Onethousand years” in Japanese. Chitose has more than 100
members, and we see one thousand years from now, so I
made our company name “Chitose.”,QWURGXFWLRQ&KLWRVH *URXSn,ZDQWWRFRQWULEXWHWRFUHDWHDELRWHFKQRORJ\GHSHQGHQWVRFLHW\|,ZDVDOZD\VWKLQNLQJOLNHWKLVZKHQHYHU,PDNHGHFLVLRQRQP\FDUHHUDOWKRXJKQRRQHHPSKDVL]HGPH‫ؼ‬*UDGXDWH6FKRRORI$JULFXOWXUHDQG/LIHVFLHQFHV)DFXOW\RI$JULFXOWXUH8QLYHUVLW\RI7RN\R&+,726(KDVEHHQFUHDWLQJWKHHQYLURQPHQWZKHUHRYHURI
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I was born in 1973. I’m 46 years old. I think my age isdouble that of your members. My vision, my dream, is that
we human beings no longer use fossil resources. We cando it. But even your younger-aged members, in our
generation, we have to use fossil resources. But after
several hundred years we human beings will be living only

68

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

I have gathered more than $100 million from big
companies and the Japanese government over 15 years. I’m
not a rich man myself, but biotechnology requires a lot ofmoney. Lots of money. So I have to gather from everyone,and I always say thank you to the people (investors). I’ve
gathered more than $100 million. Now I want to make afund of more than $500 million to make a new world inSoutheast Asia. Actually I live in Singapore now and mymembers live in Malaysia and Indonesia, so I want to makea new world in Southeast Asia because Southeast Asia haslots of land and water and good (lots of) sunshine, and weneed those things to make a new business.

Session 2

place for this because you have a large flat land, very
good soil and good sunshine. And you have goodyounger people. So Cambodia has many chances.

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cells, and flora. We always think not only about making
technology but also about the market size: How large abusiness can this technology be used in? Even when
we’re working in a laboratory, we have to think about
how much money this technology can make for us. This isa very important thing, I think.

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Our vision is, first, as I said, to make a new society that
does not use fossil resources. Second, we want to makenew technologies using microbes, algae, cells and thatsort of biotechnology. Third, we don’t just want to createtechnology and write articles and patents. We want tomake a business to change society. So the third one is our
pride. We want to make a continuously profitablebusiness in Southeast Asia.

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Most of our people come from the scientists’ side, butmany people are going into the business side. CHITOSEGROUP is in the center between the scientists’ side andthe business side. This is our strength and our capability.

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This is my vision. We human beings use 0.5 zettajoules
per year, all human beings. But the amount of sunshinethat comes to the earth every year is 4,000 zettajoules. So
I think we can do it. Because 4,000 zettajoules come fromsunshine and we use only 0.5 zettajoules per year. So
after biotechnology develops, I think we can do it, wedon’t need fossil resources.

This is Malaysia. We have made many businesses, all ofwhich come from our laboratory in Kawasaki City. But wemade many businesses in Japan, and not only in Japanbut also in Singapore, Malaysia and so on, and I’m now
thinking about making something in Cambodia.
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Now every industry—pharmaceutical, food, chemical,
fuel—comes from fossil resources. Even agriculture
comes from fossil resources because we use many
chemical fertilizers and we use gasoline in tractors forfarming. So I want to change to a world in which every
industry is powered by biomass. Cambodia is a very good

This is our group. The holding company is in Singapore.
The laboratories are near Tokyo. We do a lot of businesswith large Japanese companies and the Japanese
government. We also have our own subsidiaries. They dotheir own businesses. This is our laboratory and we bringtechnology developed there to the market (through our
subsidiaries).

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

69

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What can Chitose do in Cambodia? Our capability ishuman resources, doing commerce and raising funds.
This is our experience. The biggest thing we can do isorganization to make a new business. This is very difficult
and rare, not only in Japan but also in Southeast Asia.
Making new organizations is very difficult and this skill isvery rare. So we can share our experience with you.

use when we want to do something. They’re very
different. Many students stand here (between scienceand technologies), but society is changing. Society andbusiness are very close. Society contributes to businessand business contributes to society. We have to standhere (between business and social challenge). If someone
is standing here (points to a spot on the screen), scienceand society can connect with each other. That’s how I canhelp you create a new business in Cambodia.

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Many of our members stand on the intersection between
R&D and commercialization. Going fromcommercialization to R&D and from R&D tocommercialization is very important. Every scientist is
thinking not only about science. On the right side there
should be business. How much money can we earn? Thisis important because after we earn money, we invest it inscience, which we use in turn for business. From ourgeneration we have to always think about both scienceand business. They are our members. This man is one ofour members and one of the most famous bioinformaticians in Japan. He has many business ideas, andI support him to make new businesses. He has an idea tocreate a microbe things (compost) for farm plantations.
I’m helping him to make a new business in Malaysia.

It’s getting easier worldwide to obtain grants and funding.
Actually I think it’s not easy to raise a lot of funds in
Cambodia, but every year it gets easier to raise funds.
Many investors want to invest not in scientific fact,technology, nor sales profit, but in solutions to solve
social challenges. If some people want to make artificial
meat, somebody will invest. If somebody says they wantto make a new solution for mobility, investors will invest
in the new mobility world. Nobody invests in scientificfact as such, technology as such. Investors invest in
solutions. This is very important. But many Japanesepeople confuse these things. This is the reason why I am
able to raise a lot of funds in Japan and I think Cambodia
can do the same. Many Japanese want to invest in
Cambodia because Cambodia has great potential. But if
you just say, “I can do something,” it’s very difficult.
Instead, if you say, “I want to solve a particular social issue,”you will be able to find investors, and I can help you.

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I have engaged in many collaborations with the Japanese
government and companies and also Malaysiancompanies and the Malaysian government. I have a lot ofexperience in connecting with them. But I can’t say that I

Session 2

can teach you; rather, I can share my experience. The
question of how to make lots of money is important, andonly younger people can do that. So you have many
chances to raise a lot of funds and create a new businessin Cambodia and contribute to Cambodian society.
This is our case, our experience. This is a project to make fuelfrom algae. This is one of the biggest test plants in the world.
Next one: We want to make a sustainable palm plantation.
We made a sustainable palm plantation in Malaysia and wewant to expand throughout Malaysia and Indonesia also.
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25

We also have the best cells for making
biopharmaceuticals. Our cells are the best cells in theworld. So we try to expand our cells to pharmaceuticalcompanies all over the world.

Cambodia’s advantages/DUJHDUHDRIIHUWLOHVRLO

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Cambodia has some very big advantages. Cambodia hasvery fertile soil. This is one of the rarest resources in theworld. The USA, Argentina and Ukraine had good soils, butthey lost them. This is actually a very good point in
Cambodia. Also you have a younger generation. This is alsoa very good point. You know our situation in Japan: Our
population over 60 years of age is double our younger
population. This is Japan. If you come to Tokyo, you will see
few children or young people. I’m 46 years old—in Tokyo
I’m one of the young ones! Can you imagine? No children,
no younger generation in Tokyo. The younger generation
is a kind of treasure in Cambodia, I think.

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So you have good land and good younger people. We
can share our technology and how to make a business,
how to do commercialization.
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27

So what we cannot do in Cambodia? Actually, we have nooperations in Cambodia right now. We’re coming here forthe first time. But we have experience and knowledge, so
we can share that with you to help you to do something. I
can’t say “teach,” but rather we can share with you, learn
with you. The most important thing is eagerness for
success in the younger generation. We can learn withyou. We want to see who is eager to succeed, eager tomake a business. This is the most important thing, I think.

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29

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collaborated with a machine learning company and a sensor
company to create a new business in Japan. Also we have afarm in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Our members comefrom Malaysia today. We made a sustainable farm (inMalaysia) and sell strawberries, mini tomato and corn in
Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. We can also make asustainable farm in Cambodia. Before we went to Malaysia,
Malaysian farming was not so good. They used many
pesticides and chemicals. The water pollution was terrible.
We tried to make a good plantation in Malaysia. We also havea farm in Brunei. We want to make protein from algae, so webuilt a factory in Brunei. The country of Brunei invited us.
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31

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32

We can share our technology and our experience and if
you have someone who wants to make a business, I canhelp you. I took two members from Japan to Malaysia
and (pauses for applause for the two members). They
want to have conversations, they want to have a
discussion with you. We will be in Cambodia for threedays, so please talk to them. I am a little bit older thanyou but they are in their thirties, so it is easy to have aconversation with them. Thank you very much.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

71Session 2

Mr. Sopagna SEANG
Vice-President of Young Entrepreneur Association of Cambodia

Session 2

Private Sector Involvement in Human Resource andCareer Development for Future Eco-society

Cambodia’s Digital
SMEs

Seang Sopagna
Vice President, YEAC

Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. Students at theback, are you still awake? OK.
The Dalai Lama once said, “When you talk, you only
repeat what you know. But when you listen, you learnsomething new.” So you all are very lucky today. You havecome to this symposium and you have listened. You will
be hearing from prominent researchers in academia andexperienced people. So take this as a very valuablesession for all of you and try to pay attention and ask as
many questions as you want. OK?
Twenty years ago I was a student at this university, andaround 20 years ago as well when I was studying here I
was trying to apply for a scholarship for an exchange
program. Luckily I won the exchange program, funded by
Honda Foundation. So today I am grateful for both Royal
University of Phnom Penh (RUPP) and Honda Foundation
for their support. I went for its Forum in Suzuka, Mie
Prefecture, around 15–16 years ago. And I learned
enormously from that very good program. And today
what I’d like to share with you—but before that, actually
this morning I was very nervous listening to the eloquent
speakers before me because they are very sophisticated72

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

in their research and they have in-depth presentations.
And from a business side, from the private-sector side, I
probably do not have anything that is so in-depth, but I
do have something that is really practical at least in thecontext of Cambodia and I think that young people must
know about that, and it is good that we do it in auniversity because the university produces people for theprivate sector. Of course for the public sector as well but
we private-sector people want quality human resourcesfrom the universities. We do not want to see a big gap
from the university graduates and the employees in thecompanies. We want you to be very well prepared when
you get to the university and then you are poised to be
successful in your corporate life and you can also startsomething up yourself. In fact now we have a lot of
support from the government and from other support
institutions on startups.

YEAC

OK. I am Vice-President of Young Entrepreneur
Association of Cambodia (YEAC). YEAC has almost 300
members now, and we have our chapters, our branches,in Kampong Cham, Siem Reap, Battambang and Banteay
Meanchey Provinces. By 2020 we want to increase thenumber of young entrepreneurs to 500. So this businessassociation is one of the most active businessSession 2

associations in Cambodia. If not the most, it is among themost active in Cambodia and I hope that some of theyoung people here will become our members in the
future, because I am going to graduate from YEAC in thenext few years. It’s your turn, actually, to join.

We have a wide range of businesses in our association,
but a big chunk of it is in construction and in real estate,
followed by tourism and hospitality. We also have trading
and technology as well. We’re going to discuss more ontechnology because this is really important. It’s the topics
today. It’s timely and really important.

By the way, before I came here I decided to look at what
other people say about Cambodia, particularly about the
Cambodian labor force. So I went to this World Economic
Forum (WEF) back in 2017 and 2018 and they had astatistic from the Global Competitiveness Index. They
ranked Cambodia 94th out of 137. Are you happy about
that, everybody? Do you agree, that we are ranked so low
in terms of our competitiveness? So 94th out of 137. But
look at the pillar on higher education and training. Our
rank is even way lower. It’s 124. Out of 137.

Now, the WEF conducted an opinion survey withexecutives in the same year and they asked executives in
the companies to rank the five most problematic factors
in doing business in Cambodia. Number two was an
inadequate educated labor force, followed by corruption.
I don’t know whether or not you all agree with all of this. I
don’t know whether you agree or disagree with thisfinding, but this is something that probably we in theuniversity will have to look into and try to do something
about. Maybe we can move our rank a little bit further
over the years. OK? Sorry to block that.

But anyway, as a private-sector representative, when we
look for graduates to come and join the companies,
currently in Cambodia, we do not ask so much what
university you graduated from or what degree you areholding. Mainly it’s all about your employability skills.
Your ability to solve problems, your ability to work inteams, your ability to work together to bring thecompany forward. This is more important. Because
generally you will be trained in the companies.
Companies train people’s minds. The university trains you
to be ready for the workplace, but you do not necessarily
hold the skills you need to do the job. But so long as you
are well trained and well-groomed in the university you
are ready. You become a seed that can grow anywhere itis planted. OK? So usually companies ask for this andfollow with positive attitude. Once again, positive
attitude is an attitude that you guys can get along witheverybody in the workplace.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

73Session 2

Productivity challenge
Expected Curve

Gap

1,000 units

Performance/Results

200 units

Actual Curve
800 units

Time

74

So the problems we are facing generally in the private
sector is about the productivity challenge that we have in
our labor force with young people. For example, this is
the expected curve. We want to produce 10,000.
Expected curve is 1,000 units. Generally, over a certain
period of time we can only produce about 800 units andthe time is even longer. That is the productivity gap that
we have. And we want to bridge that gap. And only
universities and the private sector—and of course therole of the private sector is also important in bridging
that gap. OK? Now I will show you more. Because I workin this Association and I’m very worried when I’m asked
to speak in this symposium because I know I’m going to
be talking to professors and university students and they
will require a lot of empirical data.

But then we ask the question: What are the challenges
you face in digitalizing your business? And then you seethat the majority of them says that they themselves
either have limited knowledge of digital technology or
they have a shortage of expertise in digital technology.
So that is a problem with our SMEs in Cambodia, when it
comes to their readiness to embrace digital platforms
and technology overall. So we are working very hard now
to get them to try to move to digital platforms. Because
this is one of our strategic objectives in the Association.
Because we know that going forward if we do notembrace, do not incorporate digital technology, if we do
not go digital, our company may be marginalized. It will
be taken by big companies. OK, so maybe we will have togo faster now. And this is one of the main roles.

So I asked my members: Please conduct surveys of ourmembers with regard to their readiness to adopt
technology or to go digital. So we asked them somequestions and these were the findings with some 200
companies, 100 in Phnom Penh and 100 in Siem Reap.
We asked them, first of all: Is digital transformation partof your company’s strategy in 2020? So without any
surprise the answer is yes, almost 100%. On the rank offive, 71% say “Absolutely, it is really part of our company’s
strategy to go digital.” Another 26% say something aboutthat as well. So almost 100% say that they want to go
through a digital transformation for their company.

And then we ask them a further question, the last
question, that is interesting as well: Which aspects ofbusiness have you digitalized? So generally our members
say that they only digitalize mainly on the businessprocess, but not on the business model. So they candigitalize processes and operations but they do not know
how to digitalize their business model, or they may not
be willing to invest, because the costs may be really high.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Session 2

In-company Training
TRAINING AREAS

Database
Architecture

CambodiaStartupBusiness CaseManagement

Digital Marketing

MachineLearning/Artificial
Intelligence

Big Data Analytics

Project
Management

SoftwareDevelopment

Data Lab

15

OK. So I would like to, at this point, to draw yourattention, particularly the young people, to the efforts on
startups in Cambodia. There are a number of startups,
from fintechs to service matching, education,
e-commerce, medical, medical tech, and many otherstartups. And I take the opportunity to tell the young
people that you should try to understand this. Many
startups fail. Because you can imagine, many of you want
to own your own business, right? Out of 10,000 ideas you
might have today, probably only 100 can come up into
the business plan stage, business ideation stage. And
then probably only 10 can go into startup. And out of 10,
probably only one or two can survive for a few years. But
it is worth knowing and worth studying that you should
actually try to get to know all of these startups. There area few places you can go. There is Packup, there is Rentree,
and a few other places and you can actually go and findout what is there. OK? For young people.

Worldwide

Data & Tech Jobs as Percent of Total Posting

July,2019

July,2018

May, 2019

March, 2019

January, 2019

September,2019

July,2017

May, 2018

March, 2018

January, 2018

PercentDataJob
Linear (PercentTechJob)

November,2018

November,2017

Total Positions
Linear (PercentDataJob)

September,2018

July,2016

May, 2017

9.00%
8.00%
7.00%
6.00%
5.00%
4.00%
3.00%
2.00%
1.00%
0.00%
May, 2016

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

March, 2017

Increase tech job
demand 2.5%between
2016-2019.

September,2017

Cambodia

March, 2016

The trend suggests skills
demand in DATA andTECH
will be boom in Cambodia
similar to the rest of theworld.

January, 2017

Increasing trend of job demandfor data and technical skills in
Cambodia-

January, 2016-

Increase data job
demand 10x within 20
year

November,2016

Massive job growth worldwide
in Analytics & Data Science

September,2016

JOB DEMAND FORDATA A N D
TECHNICAL SKILLS-HIRING FORTECHNICAL ROLES IN CAMBODIA

Skill sets in technicalareas accompanied byprofessionalism andexperience are hard
to find

Data science, digitalmarketing andbusiness intelligenceis a growing need

Typically expensive
foreigners or
agencies arerecruited

Attrition and project
failure rate are highand continuity isdifficult to maintain

This does little toaddress the local
market issues so the
problem remains
persistent over years

Data Lab

PercentTechJob

Data Lab

Now I would like to touch briefly on the job demands interms of data analytics and digital jobs. You can look at themarket from the link in here. Over the past 20 years thedemand for data jobs has increased 10 times over the past
20 years. But if you look at the job announcements inmajor Cambodian job advertisement pages, you can seethat over the past three years, from 2016 to 2019, they
have increased by only 2.5%. Which means that inCambodia the demand for that job is rather low. That’s why
some of the young people do not actually want to go intothat field. But I will tell you how much it will be needed.

Generally those skills are very much needed, but theyrequire a lot of technical skills in the area and we still findit very hard to find qualified people. OK? In Cambodia
right now. But these fields—data science, technology as
well as digital marketing and business intelligence—thedemand in this area is still growing every day. So what
does that mean? It means that the jobs in this area aregoing to be growing for you all. There is growing demand
for these jobs. In Cambodia typically we hire someforeigners to do these jobs. But I believe that in the future
you are going to replace them.

HUMAN RESOURCE COST BREAKDOWN IN DATASCIENCE, BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE A N D DIGITAL
MARKETING

LO C ALCONTRACTOR

EXPAT

•

Salary- $1-4,000/ month•

Salary- $4-8,000 /month•

Salary- $6-12,000/month•

Training- $1-2,000/ annual•

HR&Recruitment- $2-6,000 /annual•

HR&Recruitment- $1-3,000/annual•

HR&Recruitment- $1-3,000/ annual•

Attrition Impact- $2-4,000 /annual•

Attrition Impact- $2-4,000/annual•

Attrition Impact- $1-3,000/ annual

TOTAL MONTHLY - $2,800 average

TOTAL MONTHLY - $6,550 average

TOTAL MONTHLY - $10,500 average

Data LabYou see now if you ask a company if they want to engage
an expert in business intelligence and data science,
generally the expense is US$2,800 per month. But if you
engage an expert in Cambodia you have to incur a cost of
about US$6,000 a month or so. If you engage a consultant,
if you engage a contractor, the cost will probably be double
the price per month. If you engage them in this area of data
science, business intelligence and digital marketing. So yousee, this area is really much needed in Cambodia, now andin the future, if you want to look at that.

TRAINING AREAS

Database
Architecture

Digital Marketing

Big Data Analytics

Business CaseManagement

MachineLearning/Artificial
Intelligence

Project
Management

SoftwareDevelopment

Data Lab

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

75Session 2

So basically the training areas that we need are all thethings that young people should look into, including
data, architecture, digital marketing, business casemanagement, project management, data analytics,
machine learning or artificial intelligence (AI), andsoftware development. So these are the areas that young
people may want to look into if you really want to catch
up with the trends in this eco-society and ecotechnology.

In-company Training

In YEAC, because we see the gap between what theuniversities produce and what the industry really wants,
the skills that industry really wants, we generally advise
our member companies to introduce in-company
training. In-company training is systematic training that
follows a specific standard in the company, to train
existing staff or new staff on certain skills so that thecompany can ensure stability in production and ensure
the continuity and sustainability of the company’s
operations as well.

76

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

www.cam-asean-training.com
CAM-ASEAN Corporate Training
CAM-ASEAN Corporate Training
info@cam-asean-training.com
093 900 893 / 061 900 893

So we introduce this idea to our companies. So given thisopportunity I would once again like to emphasize that
there is a need for collaboration between industry,
private sector like us, universities, and of course luckily
today we have government representatives from theministry as well. So we need to work together in order tobring this forward and to make our young people, younglabor force, more competitive in this very competitive
world. With that, thank you very much for theopportunity once again. Thank you very much and I
apologize for any misrepresentation or any inappropriate
gesture or anything, Thank you very much indeed foryour attention.

Session 2

Mr. Kei IINUMA
Incubation and Investment Manager from KSP, Inc.

Session 2

Private Sector Involvement in Human Resource and Career
Development for Future Eco-society
Human Resource Development through Japanese Science Park’s 30 Years of
Accumulated Practices for Kanagawa Science Park (KSP)
Cambodia- Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies
by Royal University of PP and HONDA FOUNDATION

Definition of Science and Technology Park
International Association of Science Parks(IASP)The Human Resource Development
through Japanese STPs- 30years
Accumulated Practice for KSP, Inc.
( Kanagawa Science Park)

A science park is an organization managed by specialized Professionals,
whose main aim is to increase the wealth of its community by promoting
the culture of innovation and the competitiveness of its associatedbusinesses and knowledge-based institutions.

World Technopolis Association(WTA)

The term Science Park refers to all property development that is designed
to support the clustering of knowledge-based enterprises in order tocommercialize science and technology.

12th, December , 2019
Royal University of Phnom Penh,1
Cambodia

We are from the city of Kawasaki. This is the Tokyo
metropolitan area.
KSP located at Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Kanagawa Prefecture

Tokyo
Metropolitan
Area

Now here are some definitions of “science andtechnology park.” I like the second one. “Science park”
refers to any property development designed to support
the clustering of knowledge-based enterprises in order
to commercialize science and technology.
Stages of economic development
Stage of economic development

Kawasaki City

Innovation
District/
Clusters

Kawasaki City is a part of
Kanagawa Prefecture andlocated between Tokyo and
Yokohama City.
Area: 143 km2
Population: 1.5 millions

This is Kanagawa Prefecture. Kawasaki is a part of
Kanagawa Prefecture. Kawasaki is between Yokohama
and Tokyo. Its area is 143 square km, so much smaller
than Phnom Penh. But the population is about 1.5
million, very similar to Phnom Penh. 30 years ago few
Japanese knew about science parks and businessincubators.

EcoIndustry
Parks

ScienceandTechnology
Parks

Facility or area that supports andpromotes technologicaldevelopment, including throughresearch and attracting
technology-based companies.

SpecialEconomicZonesS(EPZ, FTZ)

Industrial
Parks

Types of economic zones
SSource: UNIDO country office, Viet Nam, 2015

This is a stage of economic development. It’s a kind of
economic zone. Industrial park, special economic zones
such as free trade zones, and eco-industry parks. And here,science and technology park. This is an innovation district
and cluster, such as Silicon Valley and, in Japan, Tsukuba City.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

77Session 2

Triple Helix Model in Kanagawa Science Park

(Keio University/KBIC /NANOBIC/AIRBIC).63,QF

-RLQW9HQWXUHEHWZHHQ3ULYDWHFRPSDQLHVDQG
3XEOLFVHFWRUV.$67.DQDJDZD$FDGHP\RI
6FLHQFHDQG
7HFKQRORJ\

5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWLRQE\ORFDOJRYHUQPHQW䐠 Kawasaki Business Incubation Center
Before(1990’s)

Developed Area: 8ha

After(2003-2018)

7HFKQRORJ\%XVLQHVV,QFXEDWRU.7)&UHDWLRQRI5 '
RULHQWHG6WDUW8SV

3URYLGLQJKLJKSRWHQWLDOWHFKQRORJ\VHHGVWKURXJK
5HVHDUFK3URMHFWVZKLFKZDVVHOHFWHGE\DQRSHQ
FDOOIRUUHVHDUFKHUVLQ
IRUUHVHDUFKHUV8QLYHUVLWLHV.DQDJDZD7HFKQRORJ\)RXQGDWLRQ E\/RFDO
*RYHUQPHQW0HDVXUHPHQW/DERUDWRULHVDFFHVVWRH[SHQVLYHWHVWLQJDQGUHVHDUFKHTXLSPHQW
7HFKQRORJ\7UDQVIHUThis is a triple-helix model in Kanagawa Science Park
(KSP). KSP consists of three different functions or
institutions. One is Kast. This function is a research
institution providing high-potential technology seeds
through research projects. And also, Kanagawa
Technology Foundation (KTF). This functions as ameasurement laboratory and in technology transfer.
KSP Inc. is technology business incubator. So the main
purpose is to create R&D-oriented startups.
3 Innovation Bases in Kawasaki initiatedby Local Government

The site of Japan Railway Train Yard

This is the second one. This was a railway train yard. Now
it is a science park like this.
The third one is the TKS special zone for life science
related companies and universities. This one used to be
an Isuzu Motors truck manufacturing plant.
䐡 Tonomachi King Sky Front (Special Zone for Life Science)(Universities /National Institutions/Life Science Companies)

Developed Areas : 40ha

Before(2003)

After(2011-2019)

Isuzu Motors Limited, Trucks
manufacturing plant

Kanagawa Science Park
KSP, Inc./KAST/KTF(1965)(2012)

Haneda Tokyo International Airport

Kawasaki Business Incubation Center
KEIO University/KBIC/NANOBIC/AIRBIC

Tonomachi King Sky Front(International Special
Starategic Zone for Life Science)
Life Innovation Center/iCONM/CIEA/NIH

These are the three innovation bases in Kawasaki. The firstis KSP. The second is Kawasaki Business Incubation Center.
The third is now Tonomachi King Skyfront (TKS). This is aninternational special economic zone for life science.
䐟 Kanagawa Science Park(KSP/KAST/KTF)

This is the Tama River, a famous river in Kawasaki. Now it
has changed into a life science cluster. TKS is in front ofHaneda International Airport. So Tonomachi will be a
gateway for Asian life science communities in the near
future, I think. So now a bridge between the Tonomachi
area and Haneda airport will be completed next year, inthe year of the Tokyo Olympics.
)RUPLQJ*URZWK,QGXVWULDO=RQHVDURXQG+DQHGD 7RN\R,QWHUQDWLRQDO$LU3RUW(Developed Areas: 5ha)

Before(1974)

After(1989)

Ikegai Corp(Industrial Manufacturing
Tools) First Electric Discharge
Processing machine was invented here.

The monument set
up in the front ofentrance in KSP.

Tonomachi will be a gate way for Asian Life
Science Communities in near future.

The Bridge will be completed between Tonomachi
and the Air Port in 2020, the Tokyo Olympic year.
(“Tono” meaning KING in Japanese)

10This is before and after. First, KSP used to be amanufacturing plant like this. In 1989 the science park
opened, the first science park in Japan.

78

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

These are some representative startups in the three
innovation bases. KSP, Chitose Group; Kawasaki Business
Incubation Center (KBIC), FOMM. This is a compact
mobility business. But FOMM’s main target is Southeast
Asia. This vehicle is an electric vehicle, but it floats, so it isSession 2

to be used in Bangkok, Thailand, where there are lots offlood. They made a vehicle that can float. Now it is mainly
supported by Thailand’s central government. This year
they started to sell the vehicle in Thailand. And also TKS:
Gene Therapy Research Institution. This is also a goodstartup company.
Representative Start Ups in 3 Innovation bases
Area

Start Ups

Outline

KSP

Chitose Group cultivating technology for a
https://chitose wide range of organisms-bio.com/(microorganisms, cell lines,
microalgae etc)

KBIC

FOMM
compact mobility with an
www.fomm.co innovative design and.jp/index-en
technology

Tonomachi Gene Therapy
King Sky
Research
Front
Institution
http://wwwen.genetherap
y-ri.com/

Imagesthe world-leading genetherapy provider, by carryingout innovative gene therapy
research, and, by providing
the safest and the mostefficient therapy worldwide.

Profile of KSP, Inc.
Establishment

December, 1986

Capital

4.5 billion yen

President

Hirohisa Uchida

Stockholders

Public sector 34.2% (Kanagawa Prefecture, Kawasaki City, Development Bank of Japan Inc.)
Private sector 65.8% (46 private enterprises including Tobishima Corp., Nippon Life InsuranceCo., Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Co., etc.)

The number of
employees
Organizational
structure24(including 4 executive directors)

Incubation & Investment Business Division … venture capital, business incubation,business matching, business innovation school, life innovation center, RINK, THINK, training
course, Kawasaki Science Challenge and so on.
Business Management Division

relationship, promotion.

…facilities management, general affairs, public The first business incubator in Japan, a kind of joint public-private venture, aimed at innovation
э Support for venture businessesэ Nurturing support for entrepreneurs
 The first KSP President: Mr. Kaheita Okazaki (Chairman of All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. at that time)"Survival way of Japan, a resource-poor country, is to develop brain resources which have an unlimited
potential""KSP was established for that reason"

This is a profile of KSP Inc. We are a joint project. One
third of stockholders come from the public sector andtwo thirds from the private sector.
KSP Business Incubation Flow

The KSP model is a mutual human resource development
system among stakeholders through the development
projects as mentioned above and each business as follows.

The number of
involved
companies>500

1/3 Failure
experiences
accumulated

Hands on supports by Incubation Managers

This is the KSP business incubation flow. This is acompany like that. So conceptual phase, planning,
startup, commercialization and growth. Some companies
make an initial public offering (IPO) for businessexpansion. It takes about 10 or 15 years. Hands-on
support by incubation managers takes such a long time
together with an entrepreneur.
KSP Incubation Managers with varieties background

KSP is the first and one of the largest science parks inJapan. This project is a strategic project initiated by local
governments, The number of employees inside it is about
4,000 people, and 122 companies are located here.

These are the KSP incubation managers with a variety ofbackgrounds.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

79Session 2

Human Resource development through KSP activities
Alumni of KSP
BusinessInnovation
Schoolin 28 years

The number of
involved
companies
in 30 years

>500

142

The number of
meeting times
between start ups
and Large
companies in KSP
Co-Creation Forumin 16 years

72

KSP Business Innovation School puts creation of a business plan as the center of its
curriculum, always grasps corporate activities from a total viewpoint, and nurtures"entrepreneur-oriented human resources" who are rich in entrepreneurship. In addition, an
incubation service in actual business operation is provided after the completion of theschool.

KSP Investment
LimitedLiability Funds
Investeesin 22 years

638

The members of
STPs Asian Science
Park Associationin 22 years

Fostering Entrepreneurs by Business Innovation School

The members ofRegenerative
medicine & celltherapy
Industrialization
Network of
Kanagawa(RINK)in 3 years

2,413

Students in the businessschool visited HUAWEI as
an overseas training
in 2018

107

This is human resource development through KSP activities.
The number of involved companies in 30 years: More than500. Alumni of KSP Business Innovation School: In 28 years,
630. This is the KSP Investing Limited Liability Fund. Investees
in 22 years: 146 right now. These are the members of the
Science and Technology Park Asian Science Park Association.
In 22 years, now 72 members. The number of meetings
between startups and large companies in KSP Co-Creation
Forum in 16 years: More than 2,040. This one is themembers of the Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy
Industrialization Network of Kanagawa (RINK). In three years,
the number of members has grown to more than 100.
Results of KSP Investment Funds
 LQYHVWPHQWIXQGVKDYHEHHQPDQDJHG
DV*3 *HQHUDO3DUWQHU VLQFHThis is fostering entrepreneurs by Business Innovation
School (KSP-BIS). Last year we visited Huawei in Shenzhen,
China for overseas training.
The 27th KSP Business Innovation School since 1992

Number of Participants of KSP BIS

Curriculum 2018
No.

1
2
3

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Contents

Orientation,
PartyOriienttattion, P
artty

Knowledge creation and strategic ideas
for new business and innovation
Basic knowledge ofg a business planpmakingMarketing strategy
Decision
De
ecis
sio
on on
on tthemeheemeeDigitalDi it l transformationtftii
strategyt tIntellectual property strategy
Financial strategy

Number of participants 䠖 from 20 to 30
Tuition fee 䠖 JPY 350,000
Typical participants from䠖-Managers/Leaders of major companies-SME successors-New business entrepreneurs-Venture entrepreneurs-Researchers, etc.

Total number䠄 from 1992 to 2018 䠅䠖638
6%
Men䠖599⏨䠖599ྡ

Organizational improvement
HR development
pgystrategy
Entrepreneurship and
new
n
ew b
businessusiness creation
creation

Women䠖39
ዪ䠖39ྡ

B i
plan
l
Business
construction and improvementpϨBusiness plan
construction and improvementpϩBusiness plan presentation
Awards ceremony94%㻱㼚㼠㼞㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌㼏㼑㼞㼑㼙㼛㼚㼥

Solid network for alumni has
been formed. Manybusiness opportunities
providing through thishuman network.
23

This is a solid network for alumni that has been formed.
Many business opportunities are provided through thishuman network.
Accelerator Program based on business Innovation School Experiences

Organizations of Participants of KSP BIS
Number of organizations of participants

7RWDO
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6WRFN

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-3<

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28%
18%
39%



,32





(As of Oct 31st, 2019)
Copyright (C) 2017 KSP, Inc. All rights reserved

This one says: Five investment funds have been managed
as general partners (GPs) since 1997. This is in Japaneseyen, but the total investment amount is US$53 million.
Now total sales of investment stock is US$56 million. Outof 146 in which we invested, the number of IPOs is 14. The
number of university-oriented companies is 42 out of 146.
The track records of the KSP Investment Funds
3XEOLF,320DUNHW

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6,267HFKQRORJ\,QF
7HFKQR0HGLFD&R/WG

100%

0HGLFLQH

0RWKHUV-$6'$4

Share of Investment by Industry (KSP Funds)%XVLQHVV2XWOLQH
5HJHQHUDWLRQLQGXFLQJ

ILOO8QGHUVHUYHG

90%
80%

70%

30%
20%
10%

UHODWHGGUXJGLVFRYHU\

Manufacturing,
19%

Electric/Semicon, 6%

Manufacturing,
12%

IT/Telecom, 38%
IT/Telecom, 41%40%

DQGEURDGFDVWGHYLFHV0HGLFDOHTXLSPHQWVElectric/Semicon, 7%

IT/Telecom, 38%

50%&DQFHUDQGDOOHUJ\SURGXFWV

Manufacturing,
43%

Electric/Semicon,
17%

Manufacturing,
19%

60%

7KHUDSHXWLF$UHDV&RPPXQLFDWLRQGHYLFHV-DYDDQG/LQX[UHODWHG

Electric/Semicon,
11%0%IT/Telecom, 33%
Biotech/Pharma, 13%

No.1Fund䠄1997䠅䠅

Biotech/Pharma, 23%No.2 Fund䠄2004䠅䠅

Biotech/Pharma, 36%No.3 Fund䠄2006䠅
䠅

Biotech/Pharma, 44%No.4 Fund䠄2014䠅
䠅This is the track record of our investment funds. This isshare of investment by industry. You can see thatbiotech/pharma is increasing.

80

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Major companies䠖182
኱ᡭ:182ྡ

11%

୰ᑠ:252ྡ
SMEs䠖252䝧䞁䝏䝱䞊:113ྡ
Ventures䠖113
Universities and኱Ꮫ䞉◊✲ᶵ㛵:68ྡ
other research institutions䠖68බඹᶵ㛵:4ྡ
Public institutions䠖4
Individuals䠖19
ಶே:19ྡ

These are the participating organizations in KSP-BIS. 28%
come from major companies; 39% are SMEs; 18% areventures; 11% are universities and other research
institutions.
This is the Accelerator Program based on BIS experience.
We call it the Kawasaki Deep Tech Accelerator. Now oneof the staff of the Chitose Laboratory joined thisAccelerator Program.

Session 2

and Japan. But now it has spread to Southeast Asia andalso West Asia. So now its board members are comingfrom Vietnam (Hoa Lac Hi Tech Park, from Hanoi; Saigon
Hi Tech Park) and also from Thailand (National Science
Park). These are also members. This is a local-to-local andscience-park-to-science-park network.

Technology Scouting Service for Business Matching
Technology Scouting Service
In this service, technologies, patents, etc. of small-to-medium-sized venturecompanies and universities here in Japan are searched based on major companies'
needs, and promising technologies are introduced to major companies.
Small-to-medium-sized venture companies anduniversities in each region

Tohoku (12 organizations)

Domestic
manufacturing
Company A

recruiting underanonymity

Domestic
serviceCompany B

KSP, Inc.

Chubu (9 organizations)Technology evaluation organization

Kinki & Chugoku(16 organizations)(Kanagawa Science Park)

Overseas
manufacturing
Company C

Kanto (18 organizations)

Recommendation ofKuramae Kogyo-kai
seeds(the alumni association ofTokyo Institute of technology)

 Provide needs information through explanatory
meetings, etc.
 Technology evaluation on primary entry cases
 Adjustment and attendance of matching

Shikoku (6 organizations)

http://www.aspa2019-hsinchu.tw/ Recommendation of technology seeds, fromsmall-to-medium-sized venture companies
and universities

This is a technology scouting service for businessmatching. This is based on the needs of large companies.
We try to find technology from smaller and mediumsized venture companies. Maybe in your country, like
Cambodia, these needs may come from social issues orsocial problems. But I think you can find technologies
from the startups to solve the problems.
Regenerative medicine & Cell therapy
industrialization network of Kanagawa(RINK)
KSP, Inc. serves as secretariat for RINK.

This is the Secretary of ASPA, located in Daegu, Korea.
History of the President: Dr. Hirohisa Uchida is a former
President of ASPA.
ASPA was granted special consultative status with theUnited Nations in 2016. This year ASPA held its 23rd
annual conference. Last month, November, it was held in
Hsinchu in Taiwan. The president of ASPA is from Hsinchu
Science Park in Taiwan.
https://www.unescap.org/resources/
escap-stp-2019

The Numberof Members:

107

27

28

0HPEHUV RI5,1.  PHPEHUVUVThis is a life science network. Now it has 107 members,
but in this slide Hitachi and Sony are not pharmaceuticalcompanies, but they joined our network.
AsiKSPan SNetworks
cience ճ
Par k Association (ASPA) Networ kingConclusion• A NGO founded in Japan in 1997, aiming at jointly developing science technology
and industrial economy in the Asian region.

Human Resource Development for stakeholders of
KSP is the most important factors for sustainable
development for us.
The stakeholders are entrepreneurs, academia, local
governments, local people, shareholders of Science
Park and Science Park itself etc.
KSP model is a mutual human resource development
system among stakeholders through the science parks
developed projects and each businesses by KSP, Inc.
KSP, Inc. will be act as a catalyzer in the local
innovation eco system.

• It is made up of 72 science parks/organizations, 73 corporate members, and 9
individual members in 20 countries/territories.

FormerHirohisa Uchida[Mission and Vision]- To increase mutual cooperation through exchange of "Local to Local" and "Science Park to Science Park“- To jointly develop the Asian region through technological exchange and regional innovation- To promote to form the Asia community through exchange of fields such as industry, technology, culture andeducation
30

This was also last year, almost one year ago, United
Nations ESCAP, UN ESCAP, invited experts from scienceparks from Russia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Iran, Korea, Thailand
and Japan. This summer—this is a public issue.
Establishing Science and Technology Parks: A Reference
Guidebook for Policymakers in Asia and the Pacific. So,
you can refer to this guideline.

Sunkook Kwon

Young-Ho Nam

Sujin Yeo

Sally Pak

Okay, this is the Asian Science Park Association (ASPA)
networking. This is a non-governmental organization
founded in Japan in 1997. When it started, its purpose
was networking in East Asia, like Korea, China, Taiwan,

Thank you very much for your attention.
Kei Iinuma
Incubation & Investment Manager
KSP, Inc.
峒iinuma@ksp.or.jp

31

Conclusion: Human resource development for
stakeholders of KSP is the most important factor forsustainable development for us. The stakeholders areentrepreneurs, academia, local governments, local

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

81Session 2

people, shareholders of the Science Park and the Science
Park itself. The KSP model is a mutual human resource
development system among stakeholders throughprojects developed by the science parks and each of thebusinesses of KSP, Inc. KSP, Inc. will act as a catalyst in thelocal innovation ecosystem.
OK, thank you very much for your attention.

82

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Panel Discussion Following Session 2

DAY 1

Panel Discussion Following Session 2
Dr. Hirohisa UCHIDA, Moderator, Executive Director of HOF, Distinguished Professor,
Tokai University/President and CEO, KSP Inc.

Mr. Hong Kok CHEA, Director of Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy Department,
Secretariat, Entrepreneurship Development Funds,
the Ministry of Economy and Finance

Dr. Tomohiro FUJITA, Founder & CEO of Chitose Group/(Member of Bioeconomy
Strategy Council, CABINET SECRETARIAT)

Mr. Sopagna SEANG, Vice-President of Young Entrepreneur Association of Cambodia
Mr. Kei IINUMA, Incubation and Investment Manager from KSP, Inc.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

83Panel Discussion Following Session 2

Participants:
Dr. Hirohisa Uchida, moderator (HU)
Mr. Hong Kok Chea (HKC)
Dr. Tomohiro Fujita (TF)

Mr. Sopagna Seang (SS)Mr. Kei Iinuma (KI)

Panel Discussion Following Session 2
HU: Before starting, I want to shortly introduce myself.
I’ve been in University around 40 years long and I’ve
been involved in government-academic collaboration
started in the 80’s in Japan. The government provided
funding for academic research, but when the research
was done and the report was submitted, its story came toan end. Academic studies should benefit the public, as
the money for them comes from taxpayers. In this sense,
I myself think starting a venture company or new
industry is very important. For example, Kanagawa
Prefecture, in 1980’s. That local government started tofund to launch a Science Park for the first time in Japan,that was Kanagawa Science Park. In that light thedevelopment of venture businesses as a result of
academic studies is highly positive and encouraging.
Kanagawa Science Park (KSP) achieved such results,
giving rise to over 500 venture companies over 20 years,
40 of which became especially successful. I think startinga venture or a company is very important. This is the
background against which to frame the forthcoming
panel discussion.

84

that opportunity to the market.
Many entrepreneurs fail in this process, for thefollowing reasons:1) Ability to spot opportunities is not sufficiently refineddue to lack of mentorship. About half ofentrepreneurs lack mentorship. Often this is a culturalproblem, as beginning entrepreneurs are wary of
sharing their ideas, then when they gain some successtheir ego prevents them from seeking mentorship.
2) Ability to innovate is hampered by lack of networks.
Government has a duty to create mentorship networks
and platforms so entrepreneurs can prosper.
3) When the innovation is brought to market, different
skills come into play, including managerial, fundraisingand HR skills.
HU to HKC: Why are you working in government insteadof starting your own company?

Question: What is important for startinga venture company?

HKC: I consider myself not an official but a policy
entrepreneur. I am “testing the product,” developing the
network and then seeking funding. Japanese investors
are interested in Cambodia; my job is to build
infrastructure to lower investor risk.

HKC: In the capacity of a director of the entrepreneurshipdevelopment fund (EDF), I think an entrepreneur is aperson who sees an opportunity to innovate and brings

SS: First, understand the market, so you can recognize
unsolved problems, find ways of solving them or doing
things cheaper or easier. Second, young entrepreneurs

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

Panel Discussion Following Session 2

need mentorship as they lack knowledge and experience.
They need three “sets” to start a business:
1) Mindset: Passion, correct identification of the
problem, knowing that you can address the problem2) Skillset: Skills to address the problem, which may beleadership, managerial skills, technology skills, people
skills, etc.
3) Toolset: Team members, peers and other resources toconquer the market and sustain the businessYoung entrepreneurs should not fear failure. Even failure
is valuable because it teaches lessons. Young people canpick themselves up and start again.
TF: Starting a business brings hardship. It is hard, every
day, every moment. Once you start you can’t stop,because employees and their families also depend on the
success of the venture. Many says passion is very
important, but what is passion? I think Passion comesfrom what kind of society you want to make. Passion isthe ability to see the changes in society that create
opportunities and the determination to capture thoseopportunities by solving problems. The hardship andpassion of starting a business are always in conflict; there
will be times when an entrepreneur wants to quit but
knows she cannot.
KI: Most important factors are:1) The spirit of never giving up2) Understanding of needs: customer needs, society’s
needs and who is really paying for their product or service

Questions from the audience
Q1: For entrepreneurs who need skills in multiple
disciplines but do not have all of those skills
personally, how can they network and find thepeople they need?
TF: Entrepreneurs should not try to do everything alone.
They need to clarify what they can do themselves andwhat they cannot do themselves and so need others to
do for them. When entrepreneurs are clear about thatdivision, they can find others to fill other roles easily andspontaneously.
HKC: The need to differentiate roles is common to every
field. Every entrepreneur needs a team. When theventure becomes successful one shares the hard workwith the team.
HU: Find your strongest point.
Q2: How to find and recruit a team?
SS: To assemble a team, an entrepreneur needs:
1) People with the same passion2) A good business model: Conduct SWOT analysis andmake sure all members understand and agree on theanalysis and the business model.
Ensure the two things above and the venture will be in agood starting position.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

85

86

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

DAY 1Wrap-Up Panel Discussion
Prof. Tateo ARIMOTO, Moderator, Executive Director of HOF/Visiting Professor,
National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies/Principal Fellow,
CRDS at Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Dr. Chan Oeurn CHEY, Vice Dean, Faculty of Science, RUPP
Dr. Tomohiro FUJITA, Founder & CEO of Chitose Group/(Member of Bioeconomy
Strategy Council, CABINET SECRETARIAT)

Mr. Hong Kok CHEA, Director of Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy Department,
Secretariat, Entrepreneurship Development Funds,
the Ministry of Economy and Finance

Dr. Junichi TAKADA, Professor and Vice President for International Affairs,
Tokyo Institute of Technology

Wrap-Up Panel Discussion

Participants:
Prof. Tateo Arimoto, moderator (M)Dr. Chan Oeurn Chey (COC)
Dr. Tomohiro Fujita (TF)

Mr. Hong Kok Chea (HKC)
Dr. Junichi Takada (JT)

Wrap-Up Panel Discussion

STEM Human Resource Development for Next Generation
This panel discussion started with Dr. Junichi Takada’s
presentation of STEM education through laboratory
experiments.
JT: I am Professor and Vice President of International
Affairs at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, or “Tokyo
Tech,” an institution equivalent to the Institute ofTechnology of Cambodia (ITC). Previously, from 2011
I was involved in a project to enhance STEM education
through laboratory experiments. The following
discussion is a description of a JICA project on lab-based
education (LBE) with which I am involved at ITC
implemented since this year.

88

gain valuable learning from mentoring of each other andby the PI.
Without LBE, researchers work independently on thesis
work, often going off-campus on research internships,with occasional supervision by the PI. This approach has
the disadvantage of weak interaction between the PI andeach student and none between students. It was formerly
used at ITC but students had difficulty graduating.
LBE can be viewed as a kind of project-based learning(PBL). It is a hands-on approach that enables directtransfer of skills through experiments and lab work.

LBE is a model followed in Japan in graduate sciencestudies as well as in the final year of undergraduate
science studies. In engineering education, impartingknowledge without practice is inefficient. Hence LBE
provides a more effective approach for this purpose thanclassroom education.

LBE also supports maintenance of lab facilities, sincefacilities are continually used with knowledge transfer.

In LBE, an engineering research team is headed by alecturer or professor, with the university often providing
the facilities and funds. The key here is interaction among
team members, headed by a Principal Investigator (PI)and with a hierarchy of researchers in various years(freshman, sophomore, Master’s, doctoral, etc.). Students

The JICA/ITC project aims not to impose a Japanesemodel on Cambodia but to find an approach that suits
Cambodian needs. In addition to ITC, JICA is working with
the University of Battambang and Svay Rieng University.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

LBE is also scalable: It is possible to start with limited
facilities and smaller groups and gradually add facilities
and move onto larger groups.

Wrap-Up Panel Discussion

M: Educational framework of Cambodia
Brief canvas to ask how many students are in engineeringand how many are in social science and humanities (SSH).
Two or three years ago the Cambodian government
introduced the rectangular strategy and Cambodianindustrial development policy.
Rectangular strategy consists of:
1) First priority is human resource development.
2) Second is economic diversification.
3) Third is private-sector and job development, including
startups.
4) Fourth is inclusive and sustainable development.
Human resources are the first priority because 2), 3) and
4) above all require competent people: policy,
management, working, executive and research people.
“Human resource development” encompasses education,science and technology, technical training, and publichealth and nutrition.
Every sector, both private sector and public sector and alllevels of government from national to local, requires
working beyond boundaries: combination of engineeringwith SSH; both genders; across generations; and acrossnational borders.
History is important, to be knowledgeable about thechallenges each country faces. For example, Japan’s
modernization and industrialization; Cambodia restarted
from almost zero 30 years ago for next generations.
Question for panel: How to reform/improvethe education and evaluation systems?
COC: New government began in 2013 and Royal
University of Phnom Penh (RUPP) is working with the
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport on theinternational development program (IDP) of thegovernment of Cambodia to make Cambodia a higherincome country. Work includes: K-12 curriculum,
adaptation to STEM education amid changing
technology, development of curriculum framework.
RUPP is also reforming to serve the needs of industry,
due to a skills mismatch identified in a study in 2015. The
approach is to integrate the RUPP curriculum withgovernment priorities. Funding for reform is provided by
the World Bank. RUPP is in the process of transformingfrom a teaching university to a research university. So
both general education and university education arebeing reformed in Cambodia.

JT: Tokyo Tech reformed its education system three years
ago, after 70 years essentially unchanged. One feature of
the reform is increased emphasis on the liberal arts. Most
students at Tokyo Tech major in science and engineering
but Tokyo Tech is introducing liberal arts from theundergraduate to doctoral levels. The reason is that at
the doctoral level, Tokyo Tech suffers a mismatch
between skills taught at the university and thoserequired by industry, as Cambodian universities do.
Interaction with society and people is important, soTokyo Tech is exposing its students to more
opportunities. Though it is at an early stage, three years
after the reform, the introduction of liberal arts seems tohave had a positive effect, as science and engineering
students begin to look at various issues rather than the
narrow requirements of a science and engineering
degree.
M: Tokyo Tech is a leading university in Japan and theworld. It’s the “icebreaker” for the shift toward liberal arts
education.
Education is not only about transfer of knowledge but
also about fostering entrepreneurship.
Question for panel: How can entrepreneurship be
integrated with universities?
HKC: The MOF approaches reform from the perspectiveof finance. Reform has short-, medium- and long-term
windows. In the short-term, reform must be transparent
and understood as urgent. Longer-term it is a culturalchange, moving toward an orientation toentrepreneurship by integrating the curriculum withentrepreneurship. In the beginning, reforms should besmall, modestly funded, experimental and tolerant of
failure. Examples include promotional campaigns andpilot projects. After errors are corrected and the process
is well run, reform can be scaled up, including requests
for further funding.
M: The context of reform is not static but constantly
moving; technological changes (Big Data, AI and digitaltransformation) and cultural changes (some people talkof a “post-truth era,” etc.).
TF: In conventional education, the rules for education areevidence-based. But in entrepreneurship-oriented
education, institutions should make their own rules,
adjusting for changing circumstances. This is a 180°change in direction.

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

89Wrap-Up Panel Discussion

Questions from the Audience

Question from M to COC: Please describe your program.

Q1: The focus is on STEM to make Cambodia a rich anddeveloped country. But what is the point of having STEM
if the country is unhappy?

COC: I am a physics instructor at the Faculty of Science of
RUPP. I also train Cambodian national student teams forinternational physics competitions such as theInternational Physics Olympiad. Gifted students are easy
to teach. The International Physics Olympiad involves
intensive problem-solving, requiring analytical skills. Thisrequires not only scientific knowledge but also linkage
with 4C and the flexibility to identify and solve problems.
In another program, I train students for international
research competitions. In this program the students stayfor several months, learning how to do research and how
to apply research. Students have widely varying
backgrounds, levels of motivation and behaviors. I teachthem 3H: Head (critical thinking), Hand (learn thepractical work that has to be done by hand) and Heart(aim to contribute to society).

JT: STEM education and universities enable economic
development, which gives people the means to pursue
their personal and life goals. They do not guarantee aparticular outcome; rather, they broaden the range ofopportunities and possibilities for individuals. It is foreach individual to find their own direction to pursue
happiness. For example, 5G research, which began 10
years ago, opened a field of possibilities but the end
result is only becoming clear now.
Q2: Speaker was a 2009 Y-E-S Award winner and is now alecturer at a university in Laos. Some students are
enthusiastic but others are more apathetic. How toinspire students who are currently less motivated?
COC: Teaching with whiteboard and textbooks will putcore students to sleep. First, link education to the realworld, to everyday life. Find science all around you.
Second, shift focus to activities rather than textbook
learning. There are many methodologies: Problem-basedlearning: Students tackle a problem, go out to findanswers, then come back to the class to present. Third,
collaboration between academia, industry andgovernment is very important.
HKC: At the start of classes, ask the students why they are
there. Ask what they hope to get from the class.
Encourage interaction about students’ personal goals.
TF: There will always be some people who cannot be
inspired. Instructors can do their best to inspire those
who want to be inspired, but inevitably some will remain
unmotivated.
M: Linking education with entrepreneurship requires not
only knowledge but also passion.

90

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

M: Each speaker is invited to give a one-minute closingcomment.
HKC: Embrace challenge. Do not fear failure.
TF: Education and experience must interact. Education
informs experience and experience informs education.
JT: Interact with a wide range of people, outside yournormal circle of contacts. Education provides
opportunity; how the individual grasps that opportunity
is in the hands of the individual.
M: The purpose of STEM education and development of
human resources for the next generation is to enhancesustainability and quality of life.

Wrap-Up Panel Discussion

DAY 1

Closing Remark
Dr. Kazuko MATSUMOTO, Executive Director, Honda Foundation

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

91Closing Remark

Dr. Kazuko MATSUMOTO
Executive Director, Honda Foundation

Closing Remark
Thank you very much. We now are finishing this very
important, attractive and stimulating symposium. First of
all I’d like to thank all of the participants, all the speakers
from the Cambodia side and all the speakers from Japanand the young participants in the audience. Thank youvery much for making this symposium so successful.
Many speakers have already talked about the importanceof an “eco-mind” and sustainability. Maybe I don’t need tosay more words, but I’d just like to say something about
today’s symposium. Soichiro Honda, the founder of
Honda Motor, left us these important words,“ecotechnology” and “eco-society,” many years ago.
Maybe at that time the importance of ecotechnology was
not mentioned by many people in the world. But he hada very foreseeing mind. So he left us the importance of
these words. These words show Soichiro Honda’s
excellent ability to foresee the future. Maybe he at thattime already noticed the importance of sustainable
technology. Today’s two speakers from the Cambodianside also stressed the importance of this sustainability
and eco-mind, in different words. But I didn’t expect
before I joined this symposium that the speakers fromthe Cambodian side would recognize the importance of

92

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

spiritual attitude toward sustainability. I’m very
impressed about that. The second thing I’d like to say is
about the involvement of young people inecotechnology and raising entrepreneurship. I feel a kindof envy for Cambodia because you have more and moreyoung people. I hear that your population maybe will be
doubled in 10 years or 20 years. That is totally different
from Japan, we are now suffering a decreasing
population. Cambodia has a very bright future because
you can expect a larger and larger market, you will
expand your commerce and agriculture and many fields.
I know that in order to develop such commerce, as wellas education and many other fields, young people needto remember two important factors. That is: Dr.
Nakamura talked about Japan’s past. He said that Japan
was a miracle in Asia, but unfortunately that’s no longer
the case. So Cambodia is becoming a miracle in Asia, andin order to realize that, young people have to be diligent
and hard-working. These are two factors Japanese young
people used to have. Well, I hope they still do! But these
two factors were really the cause of Japan’s big success inthe past. So thank you for a very interesting symposium.

Closing Remark

DAY 2Opening Remark
Dr. Mitsunobu KANO, Executive Director of HOF/Vice Executive Director and Professor,
Okayama University/(Science and Technology Co-Advisor to
the Minister for Foreign Affairs)

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

93Opening Remark

Dr. Mitsunobu KANO
Executive Director of HOF/Vice Executive Director and Professor, Okayama
University/(Science and Technology Co-Advisor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs)

Opening Remark
I’d like to give three points to open today’s discussion.
The first is my motivation to work with Honda
Foundation and some of my own related experience. The
second is how we can “become together.” And the last is
how we can continue to “go together.”First, I would like to share you my motivation. Honda
Foundation’s motto is “Ecotechnologies.” What is this?
Have you ever thought about it? It is the balance
between the human dimension and the naturaldimension. To do natural sciences, we tend to treat
objects outside ourselves, rather than those inside
ourselves. Let’s imagine water as an example. Water, H2O,
is the same for all. However, things like thoughts inside us
can be quite different sometimes, and therefore reallyhard to be treated with the scientific way of thinking. Thismay be the reason why humanities and social sciences
may seem more complicated than natural sciences. The
word “STEM,” which Arimoto-sensei asked you a lot
yesterday, relates more to natural sciences, which areeasier to understand because objects are outside of us.
However, to balance between the human dimension andthe natural dimension, we need to think how to combine
the two: not only dealing with something outside of us,
but also thinking about what being inside us. This is thepoint of Honda Foundation’s motto, in my view.
Why did I come to think so? To explain the reason, let me
share you some of my related experiences. I started myprofessional career as a clinical medical doctor. Practicing
medicine requires an education at a medical school, in
which we are first trained to focus on material side ofourselves. In other words, you may start from anatomy,
which makes you to focus on what is happening inbodies not alive anymore. Dead bodies are almost justmaterial, not spiritual anymore. We therefore are trained
to see the material side of humans in order to practice
medicine. This is the Western way of practicing medicine.
Once you come to the clinical setting, however, you may
need to encounter the “raw humans.” “Raw humans” have

94

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

both a material side and a spiritual side. Especially when
we become ill, we may feel something different fromwhat we feel from our daily life. You may feel you are
weaker, and therefore sometimes feel that you are losing
in your life. But are you truly losing? I think you are rather
winning by acquiring such a new sight on the world
which is quite different from healthy life. You may
consider how you can bridge your activities to the next
generation, especially when you are dying. This is a great
motivation towards education. I met someone who had
suffered from terminal cancer: She was only 24 years old.
She was so successful before her illness, from a point ofview in which she had a good job at a trading company.
However, after learning that she was terminally ill, her
way of thinking seemed to have changed considerably as
I mentioned. It was unforgettable to meet such a young
dying person suffered from a disease not treatableanymore, especially as a medical doctor who needs toplay a professional role. You can do almost nothing
professionally, except for listening to her. Scientificknowledge was the source of the profession. Therefore, I
felt a powerless side of science. Science is something bywhich we generalize observations, and therefore
applicable to numbers of people similarly. But, individual
ways of thinking, including “spiritual pains” as in this case,are sometimes unable to be generalized. With these
episodes I wished to emphasize the need to think about
these limitations, if we wish to balance between thehuman and natural dimensions.
After the experiences, I felt that practicing medicine
almost consisted of routine works, in a sense. And I
wanted to try something new. That’s the reason why I
quit clinical medicine and became a scientist. Science isan activity where you can express your creativity throughthe process of finding clues or evidence to support yourideas: although it has the limitations I mentioned
previously. Finding new clues is the way to make yournew idea more credible. This “credibility” is important.
Once you wish to share your new idea, to involve moreOpening Remark

people going together with your new idea, you need topersuade other people. Being persuasive means being
able to convince others that your new idea is correct. But
how can you do this? By gathering evidences. I think thisis a nice way of explaining why the scientific way of
thinking is important.
In this way, I am also doing education. And if education
cannot inspire you, I still believe that education canmotivate you to do something new. I still believe in the
power of education, as the way to develop each other as
humans.
Now, for the next topic I wish to cover, I would like toshare my recent experience involved in diplomacy. Whatis diplomacy? According to my recent thoughts,
diplomacy has three factors. One is to improve ourwealth. Another is to improve our security, which is not
only defense but also food, water, energy and so on. And
the last is to improve our attractiveness, or, differences.
The reason why we attract each other is that we aredifferent. Right? In Japanese culture we tend to conform,
but this may not improve our attractiveness. I’m afraid it
might be somehow similar here, but finding out where
we are different is really important, as we discussed
yesterday. To cope with other people, we need to think
about our own limitations, so we can collaborate withother people. So thinking about differences is really
important, to think about our own attractiveness. From
this point of view please find out where we are different
and what traits we share. Collaborate we can with ashared aim, but for the shared aim we need to actively
utilize our own differences.
Now, we come to the last topic “going together.” I thinkit’s nice for you younger students to look at how you canstudy in Japan. From this point of view, you have a lot ofgreat colleagues here in this audience today, including
the Cambodia-Japan Cooperation Center (CJCC). Pleaseraise your hand if you are a member of CJCC. Ah, there!
She should be able to translate what you ask into
Japanese, too. And she used to work at Honda
Foundation as well. Also, my university, Okayama
University, is now in charge of promoting studying inJapan from ASEAN countries recently. If you want to findout more, please look up some key phrases such as
JASSO, which stands for “Japan Student Services
Organization,” for study in Japan or academic seminars; orvisit the CJCC Facebook page.
With this I would like to start today’s session, which I will
moderate from now. Thank you very much!

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DAY 2

Panel Discussion Following Session 1(Day 1)
Dr. Mitsunobu KANO, Moderator, Executive Director of HOF/
Vice Executive Director and Professor, Okayama University/(Science and Technology Co-Advisor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs)

Dr. Akinori MORIMOTO, Professor, Waseda University, Faculty of Science and Engineering/
School of Creative Science and Engineering

Dr. Shizuo IWATA, Chairman, ALMEC Corporation
Mr. Thanh Yen LE, Y-E-S Vietnam 2015 Awardee
Mr. Satyam MOHLA, Y-E-S India 2017 Awardee
Dr. Monorom RITH, Y-E-S Cambodia 2012 Awardee
Mrs. Thipphamala MANIVONG, Y-E-S Laos 2009 Awardee
Ms. Suu Malar WIN, Y-E-S Myanmar 2016 Awardee
Mr. Mony SOEURN, Student Year 4, Department of IT Engineering, RUPP
Mr. KimAng KHEANG, Graduated Student 2019 from Department of IT Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Chhengkeang LY, Student Year 3, Department of IT Engineering, RUPP
Mr. Kimhong SAM, Student Year 4, Department of Telecommunication &Electronic Engineering, RUPP

Ms. Channtha SUM, Student Year 4, Department of Tourism, RUPP
Ms. Kakruna OUK, Graduated Student 2019, Department of Bio-Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Somethea TANN, Student Year 4, Department of Media & Communication, RUPPPanel Discussion Following Session 1 (Day 1)

Participants:
Dr. Mitsunobu KANO, moderator (M)Dr. Akinori MORIMOTO (AM)Dr. Shizuo IWATA (SI)Mr. Thanh Yen LE (TYL)
Mr. Satyam MOHLA (SM)Dr. Monorom RITH (MR)

Mrs. Thipphamala MANIVONG (TM)
Ms. Suu Malar Win (SMW)Mr. Mony SOEURN (MS)Mr. KimAng KHEANG (KAK)
Ms. Chhengkeang LY (CL)
Mr. Kimhong SAM (KS)Ms. Channtha SUM (CS)Ms. Kakruna OUK (KO)Ms. Somethea TANN (ST)Panel Discussion Following Session 1 (Day 1)

Inclusive and Sustainable Smart City
M: Topic is “Inclusiveness, Sustainability and the Smart
City.” We need inclusiveness to make use of ourdifferences and sustainability to connect with future
generations. In “smart cities,” “smart” can be defined as“using computers to act in an independent way” or“intelligent or able to think quickly in different situations.”
Both definitions may be relevant to today’s discussion.
Questions for consideration:
Q1: How can final goals be set in terms of “Inclusiveness,
Sustainability and the Smart City”?
Q2: What can be the first steps toward that goal?
SMW: “Smart” in the “smart city” context means making
life easy by using technology and integrating ICT into
daily life. Sustainability consists of three pillars: Social,economic and environmental. For Q2, know the realdemands of the local population. A smart city in
Myanmar or Cambodia will have different needs than one
in the United States or Germany, because of differencesof level of development and of local people’s needs. On
Q2, final goal should be sustainability in the local context.
TM: On Q1, older and younger people should merge tofind a common goal, because they have very different

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perspectives and experiences, for example, generations
XYZ versus people who grew up during the Indochina
wars. The government should assist in this process.
TYL: Even within the same country, smart cities can havedifferent priorities. For example, citizens of Da Nang wantconnections between the public and managers, focusing
on trash and recycling management, whereas in Ho Chi
Minh City the people have other concerns including
data-driven issues. Also, because different cities havedifferent problems, they will work with different
companies, but working with different companies means
they each have different systems that do not always
mesh together. Standard, core systems are needed soeveryone can connect. Goal should be a “smart nation” inwhich people can expect the same services everywhere.
Young people should solve everyday problems first,
referring to local city plans.
SM: Smart cities are not just about connecting devices
but about connecting people together. If devices can doroutine tasks for us, we will have more time to get toknow our neighbors better. A smart city can also increase
inclusiveness. For example, autonomous vehicles canimprove mobility for elderly people. Smart cities can doPanel Discussion Following Session 1 (Day 1)

many things, so people should clarify their expectations
and goals. On Q2, young people can start by looking
around them and solving the problems nearest them.
MS: On Q2, government should encourage the private
sector to collaborate on sustainable smart cities,
addressing issues such as waste management and traffic.
Officials in local communities should provide input on how
to provide sustainability and accessibility in their own
communities. Plans should include human resources,
because smart cities need not only smart technology but
also smart people. Education is a necessary part ofCambodia’s progression toward smart cities.
CL: A smart city is an urban area that uses its systems
efficiently. A smart city can only be sustainable if thepeople who live there are the ones who created it. To besustainable, a city must be competitive: It must be
attractive to investment; it must lift people out of poverty
by providing the services (water, sewerage, electricity) theyneed. Finally, the city must be a great place to live, workand play, because when people are happy theirproductivity improves.
CS: A smart city is a city supported by technology,
innovative solutions and smart people. All stakeholders
should pay close attention, including public sector, private
sector and private citizens. Cambodia has many problems
from rapid urbanization which require education and law
enforcement. Human resources (smart people) areneeded. Education is needed to teach people how to makeCambodia successful through sustainability. Policy
announcements about automobile codes, water, waste,traffic, etc. are ignored by the people because they are notenforced. Everyone should pay attention and work onthese problems. New projects, including government ones(a Ministry of Interior building, in this example), are built in
violation of the law and not explained to the people. Poor
planning discourages investors. City planners hand out
building permits to builders like candy. Zoning is either
nonexistent or unenforced, so plants are built next tohouses, creating an unsightly appearance. However, allproblems can be solved and Phnom Penh can be madeinto a smart city if everyone joins in.
M: Like in a marriage, we should change ourselves before
demanding change in others. Stakeholders should
improve themselves at the same time as they demand
better performance from public servants.
KAK: A “transformation plan” is required. Before educating
the people how to use a new smart technology effectively
and efficiently, a “transformation step” is needed, in whichcitizens can simply be provided with the technology sothey can learn how to use it on their own without being
educated about it. This step, now often overlooked, is how
new technology was introduced in earlier times, when
there was no infrastructure.
M: What are your next steps, personally?
KAK: Raise awareness among the young. Conduct
surveys among those closest to the problems, in theslums, in rural areas, in the cities and so on, to ask what
the committee can do to achieve development, what
they expect of services, that will make their lives better.
KS: A city is a densely crowded place; a smart city is a citythat is full of intelligence and high technology. Building asmart city is difficult. Government should focus on IoT
because of the central role it plays in smart cities.
MR: The “smart city” concept is vague but one aspect isthe use of IoT, gathering data from multiple devices andanalyzing it to develop policy and manage assets,
resources and services, to conserve energy, reduce
emissions and make the city greener and more
comfortable. The aim of that policy should be sustainable
development, which is one of the 17 SDGs. To upgrade acity into a smart city, it is necessary to develop resources
such as STEM education. However, philosophy must be
remembered also, to guide scientists’ directions. Smartcities also need smart policymakers, who areknowledgeable about ICT as well as philosophy, so they
can guide investment in ICT wisely. Smart policymakers
must have full opportunity to make good policies.
M: Summary of young people’s comments: Smart cities
should connect differences, meaning people of different
cities, generations, populations and sectors. Outcomesare education, waste management, attractiveness of thecity, job security, and so on.
Audience Questions and Comments
AQC1: First step is to provide knowledge to the younger
generation. When studying in Japan, for example, thestudent learns not only technical knowledge but also
Japanese ways of doing things. In Japan evenkindergarten children can do quite complex tasks. So
awareness of the younger generation is vital.
AQC2: Talking about the words “smart,” “intelligent” and“sustainable” from a machine-learning perspective:“Smart” as in “smartphone” means the functions in a
device can be used effectively. “Intelligence” means anability to make good decisions. So a smartphone is smart
but not intelligent, and a smart city is a city in which all
resources can be used effectively, for example one in

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99Panel Discussion Following Session 1 (Day 1)

which transportation is available, energy-efficient andenvironmentally friendly. This smart performance leads
to sustainability: A sustainable country is one that candevelop quickly without using lots of resources. Finally,
the smartest thing is to change oneself to be a smart
person, one who handles waste properly instead of
dumping it on the street, etc.
AQC3: One speaker said that Vietnam cities that become
smart cities become independent in a sense from the restof the country, so those differences need to be reduced.
In Cambodia, there is great disparity in development
between the cities and the countryside. Those disparities
should be eased before smart cities are introduced.
M: Asks if anyone can expand on Q3’s point later.
AQC4: The notion of the smart city is picturesque andfuturistic in a Hollywood way, but it is also one ofconvenience and sustainability. A smart city is a citywhere both technology and people are smart and is thesame as disruptive change.
TM: Regarding Q2 (first steps), first set up the city
platform according to priorities in one’s local area
(transportation, infrastructure, communication, etc.).
After that, it will be easier to set up a smart city in a newor rural area rather than in an existing city, because
existing cities already have their own setups. Once that isdone, people need to be connected to the smart city andbe educated about it, spreading awareness from younger
to older generations.
M: How would you consider implementing smart cities
using the attractions/advantages of your country (Laos)?
TM: Laos is beginning with transportation, for example,
with apps for monitoring buses. This involves a lot ofcameras and IT and so is expensive, but the plan is juststarting and hopefully will be successful.
M: Laos should advertise its many attractions to theworld. Suggestions regarding concrete steps would be
welcome.
TYL: Five years ago I had a problem: I didn’t know whattime the public bus would come and I didn’t know theroutes. I solved these problems by creating an app. It is100

Cambodia-Japan Symposium on Ecotechnologies

only now, five years later, that I realize that was a “smartcity” solution. So small, local problems should be solved
first; later they can be connected together into the larger
smart-city framework.
KAK: The term “smart city” contains several components.
For example, Phnom Penh has terrible traffic problems. It
takes a long time to get around by motorcycle. This isbecause public transit is poor and the public does nottrust it, so every family has multiple cars and scootersinstead. More investment in public transit is needed, but
this alone does not guarantee a solution. For example,
there is a big problem in Paris, because the trains are very
crowded. People driving a car alone create a problem,
because it takes up a lot of road space. In Malaysia, one
solution is a car-sharing program, in which drivers areencouraged to take along others going to nearby
destinations.
Senior Panelists
SI: City development is like medicine: The first step isdiagnosis of the problem. City problems are interrelated,which makes them difficult to solve. The next step is toenvision where one wants to be (ideal or target state).
Think of specific goals, not buzzwords. The third step is todecide how to get to the target state. The process must
be assessed regularly. The development of ICT helps
enormously. As wide a range of stakeholders must be
involved as possible. Big data must be analyzed; this may
be the role of government. This analysis will guide theprogress of the project.
M: So, solutions are driven by data. And the data isgathered from the public, which means public buy-in isessential.
AM: What is an “inclusive, sustainable smart city”?
Students offered various opinions. Computer graphics
are often used in planning because they make it easy fordesigners to consult with city planners frequently to ask
how the plan can be refined and improved. The processcontinues until the final version is published. We need toask each other what our dreams are, so we can establish
common goals.
M: Thank you very much for all your comments in thissession.

Opening Remark

DAY 2

Panel Discussion Following Session 2(Day 1)
Dr. Nobuko KAYASHIMA, Moderator, Senior Vice President of Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA)/Honda Foundation International Committee Member

Dr. Nguonly TAING, Executive Director, Techo Startup Center, Ministry of Economy and Finance
Mr. Kei IINUMA, Incubation and Investment Manager from KSP, Inc.
Dr. Junichi TAKADA, Professor and Vice President for International Affairs,
Tokyo Institute of Technology

Dr. Ngoc Do Quyen CHAU, Y-E-S Vietnam 2011 Awardee
Mr. Sai Uttej KODURI, Y-E-S India 2018 Awardee
Ms. Sothearath SOK, Y-E-S Cambodia 2018 Awardee
Mr. Leego VANH, Y-E-S Laos 2012 Awardee
Ms. Pwint Phyu THANT, Y-E-S Myanmar 2017 Awardee
Ms. Lyheng PHAN, Student Year 3, Department of IT Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Darinah Pich LEANG, Student Year 4, Department of Tourism, RUPP
Ms. Monysolida SAN, Student Year 4, Department of Bio-Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Kakruna OUK, Graduated Student 2019, Department of Bio-Engineering, RUPP
Ms. Somethea TANN, Student Year 4, Department of Media & Communication, RUPP

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101Panel Discussion Following Session 2 (Day 1)

Participants:
Dr. Nobuko Kayashima, moderator (M)Dr. Nguonly Taing (NT)Mr. Kei Iinuma (KI)Dr. Junichi Takada (JT)Dr. Ngoc Do Quyen Chau (NDQC)

Mr. Sai Uttej Koduri (SUK)
Ms. Sothearath Sok (SS)Mr. Leego Vanh (LV)
Ms. Pwint Phyu Thant (PPT)Ms. Lyheng Phan (LP)Ms. Darinah Pich Leang (DPL)
Ms. Monysolida San (MS)Ms. Kakruna Ouk (KO)Ms. Somethea Tann (ST)Panel Discussion Following Session 2 (Day 1)

Private Sector Involvement in Human Resource and Career Development
for Future Eco-society
M: I’m the Senior Vice President of Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA), but participating as memberof International Committee of Honda Foundation.
Topic: Private-sector involvement in human-resources
development and career development for the younger
generation. Before discussion of the topic, threeprofessionals offer messages to the younger generation.
Messages to Younger Generation from Professionals
NT: On smart cities, the Ministry of Finance of Cambodia(MOF) does not yet have a policy for smart cities but it isworking on a digital economy policy for publication in
2020. The policy focuses on:1) Digital infrastructure: Large volumes of high-quality
data are required for smart cities. Mobile data
penetration in Cambodia is 100% but is mostly used
for social media and entertainment and so is irrelevant
to digital policymaking. Infrastructure coverage is
excellent in big cities but still poor in rural areas and inlast-mile coverage.
2) Digital government: Policy requires evidence, which
requires data, but government services are not yet fully
digitalized, so data gathering is currently inefficient.
3) Digital business: Digitalization is necessary for businessto compete and innovate.

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4) Regulatory framework is necessary to protect data.
5) Human resources (the theme of this discussion):
Students and workers need digital skills in order tocreate the smart city.
According to several studies, two-thirds of companies in
Cambodia are unable to hire the ICT professionals theyneed. All sectors in Cambodia need to work together todevelop the human resources necessary to raise digital
networks, infrastructure and services to the necessary levelfor smart cities. The future depends on the young people
assembled here, so young attendees’ input is welcome.
JT: In a JICA project in Thailand in the 1990s, JICA
launched a doctoral program after a previous program
had failed. The JICA program succeeded in graduating
several doctoral graduates. The problem was linking to
the private sector. University lecturers had little privatesector contact and companies complained that PhD
holders were too academically inclined for private-sector
work. The same problem happened in Japan, which is
why laboratory-based education (LBE) is now
emphasized there. LBE was successful because students
worked with other sectors to tackle real-world problems.
Today the opportunities in Thailand are great andThailand’s economic standard is much higher than 20
years ago. These things take time, so if CambodianPanel Discussion Following Session 2 (Day 1)

academics keep up the interaction with the private
sector, their time will come soon enough. Vietnam isalready well ahead. Supplying human resources to theprivate sector will be hard at first, as industry willcomplain as described above, but listen to the input fromthe private sector and results will improve over time.
KI: Entrepreneurship is difficult to learn. Babson College
in Massachusetts is No. 1 out of 600 in the United Statesin terms of entrepreneurship. Several Japanese company
presidents are alumni of Babson, including Motoya
Okada, president and CEO of Aeon Co., Ltd. and Akio
Toyota, president of Toyota Motor Corporation. Y
Combinator, the biggest human resource development
agency (“accelerator”) in the United States, is the sourceof 70% of company founders coming out of the UnitedStates. These two are good places to learn benchmarks
and best practices to combine with one’s own originality
and the context of each country. In science parks, Takeda
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a major pharmaceuticalcompany in Japan, opened its own science park in
Kanagawa Prefecture in 2018. Before starting, thefounders learned at an MIT mentor program. Programs
such as these are valuable sources of ideas that can beused in the difficult challenge of entrepreneurship.
M: Several speakers tell frankly of the difficulty of startinga business. In Japan in the 1970s it was also difficult but it
was helped by an expanding economy. Today Japan’s
economic growth is stagnant but Southeast Asia’s is more
dynamic, so there may be more opportunities forstartups. Remember to study best practices but adapt
them to one’s own situation.
Messages from Younger Generation
M: Asian people are polite and don’t like talking back totheir elders, but it is useful to make counterarguments.
Please say something to disagree with the old folks on
the stage.
SS: I’m a Y-E-S Award winner in 2018, founder of
Oceanland, alumnus of Royal University of Phnom Penh
(RUPP), also studied at the Royal University of Agriculture(RUA), started a startup company two years ago. Worked
with farmers to find solutions using the “human design
approach,” identifying the real problem and thenchoosing the right technology to work with people tosolve it. The technology is workable but not marketable
due to lack of private-sector and public-sector support,
but an incubation program is starting up soon at RUA so
the situation is hopeful. Many private companies arepaying attention to young people, providing them with aplatform for learning about how to start a business, how

to run a business, solve problems, manage people, etc.
Interviewing is a problem because many Cambodians do
not express themselves well, but it is possible to gain anunderstanding of prospective employees’ attitudes. On
marketing, competition is intense both in Cambodia andinternationally. Regarding mindset, young entrepreneurs
need to be more open to advice from professionals andelders. In conclusion, Cambodia needs curricula fordemonstrating startup ideas, because there are young
people in Cambodia ready to start business ventures but
they need mentoring from the private sector and from
more senior people in the professions and universities
who are willing to listen to their ideas. The speaker urges
young people to explore, set goals, be ambitious, test
themselves.
SUK: The topic is “how the private sector can contributeto human resource development for eco-society.” The
private sector has produced self-driving cars, robots androckets that fly to the Moon, so if they focus ondeveloping human resources for eco-society, using theirtremendous resources and planning abilities, they can doamazing things. The young people assembled here will
be innovators and leaders of tomorrow. The office is thesecond home of every individual, so if young people canpromote eco-society in office culture to focus onsustainability and consciousness, they can make a great
difference. Please build your future businesses to be
eco-conscious and sustainable.
M: People learn not just in universities but in theirworkplaces as well, so we ourselves can create theenvironment for lifelong learning in our workplaces.
NDQC: I’m from Ho Chi Minh City University ofTechnology, Vietnam. The university has a technology
business innovator, the first of its kind in Vietnam, withfunding from Overseas Development Institute (ODI).
When it was founded 10 years ago, startups were notwidely discussed. Many initial challenges in investment
and training of students, but after a few years somecompanies were founded, starting with ODI and laterwith other sources, such as the TV series Shark Tank. The
supporting policies from the government is vital, as the
young entrepreneurs are still learning how to formteams, how to build a company and so on.
M: University incubation centers are in vogue now,connecting young entrepreneurs with universities andthe private sector to start businesses and provide realworld experience.
PPT: Talking about the role of education in developing
human resources toward eco-society: Mismatch between

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103Panel Discussion Following Session 2 (Day 1)

university learning and industry needs is a problem.
Asking students: Does your education provide you withthe skills you need in industry? Using alumni tracking
programs, I would like universities to conduct surveys tofind out what challenges alumni of universities indeveloping countries are facing in startups and how wellthey can apply their university knowledge there. Youngpeople should ask whether their universities are serving
their needs in terms of developing human resources foreco-society, thinking of the university as the “service
provider” and students as the customers.

return to my hometown, I was unable to get a publicsector job due to hiring limits. I now work in the private
sector. Unemployment problem in Laos: Most graduateswant to work in the government, because of job security.
The private sector is difficult and challenging and not easy
to apply to. The private sector can attract more talented
graduates by focusing on quality as well as quantity.
M: “How to launch a startup” might be the real issue formany graduates.
Senior Panelists

M: Japan has strong alumni networks, but this networking
is becoming less cohesive today. Such networking may bestronger in Southeast Asia and India today. Good way todevelop opportunities and connections.
KO: Main direct role of private sector is to create jobs,
raising employment rates and living standards. But
private sector can also assist universities in developing
curricula in which students “learn by doing,” connecting
university learning to real-world experience. Trends inprivate-sector growth can influence which disciplines
university students choose to study. Developing
countries need investment, and the private sector canplay a role in attracting investment to countries such as
Cambodia. This inward investment creates a technology
spillover effect into Cambodia. This will make society
more sustainable. Finally, the private sector anduniversities can collaborate on R&D; for example,
university students in Cambodia are working with
Starbucks to develop eco-friendly materials for
disposable coffee cups.
M: Both universities and the private sector need tochange to make better use of the talents of the younger
generation. The environment is one important area forindustry-university collaboration.
Audience Questions and Comments
AQC1: In Laos, universities have little in the way oflaboratory facilities, so even natural sciences must be
studied theoretically only, not through experiment.
Collaboration with private sector could solve thisproblem. Company internships would be helpful, so thatafter they graduate students can get a job.
M: Honda Foundation provides internships for some of
the Y-E-S awardees and is working to improve the linkage
between university study and practical experience.
LV: Personal experience: I graduated from Department of
Water Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. However, upon

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M: Many topics were raised, so summarizing might bedifficult. Panelists are instead asked to comment on
whichever of the topics they wish.
KI: Students here have learned much from the spirit of
the founder of Honda Foundation, Soichiro Honda. Just
as Japanese people continue to learn from that spirit,
Y-E-S awardees and other young entrepreneurs can learn
from that spirit as well and can enjoy great
entrepreneurial success.
NT: In terms of capacity development, students can learn
from university, from cell learning, from internships orfrom employment at a company. One can also learn fromcreating a startup, but it can’t be done alone. A team isneeded. Technology developers need entrepreneurs andvice versa. Many resources are available to help, such as
incubators and accelerators. But on the other hand theentrepreneur must be dedicated and determined to work
hard. Failure happens frequently but “failure is an option”:
Every failure contains lessons learned that can lead tofuture success. If you fail, try again. If you keep failing,
you still have a wealth of real-world knowledge thatmakes you valuable as an employee, with promotions
coming quickly. If you can do it, just do it.
JT: Regarding collaboration with industry: Reflecting
opinions of industry in university programs is a challengein Japan also. I am working on a doctoral program forthat purpose. The problem is that each sector of industry
says different things, so the discussion is vague. However,
LBE is recommended because it teaches students toimprove communication skills, work in teams, bepunctual, help each other and so on. These skills may notbear directly on specific industry needs but they are avaluable complement to traditional coursework.
Concluding Remarks by Students
M: Please tell us about your dream regarding creating theeco-society, or whatever you want to share.

Panel Discussion Following Session 2 (Day 1)

SUK: If I work at, lead or start a company, my vision will be:“With consumption, compassion; with growth, gratitude;
and with profitability, equal focus on sustainability.”
PPT: Everyone is encouraged to be an entrepreneur. I’mworried that there may not be room for all of us.

them. Many farmers have cultural resistance to raising
earthworms but some farmers supported the business.
Now I feel I can do anything. If you feel afraid, just explore
and you can do it. I am motivated by the ability to help
smallholders boost income. I’m young and look forward
to exploring the world.

MS: I’m working with an SME with a good businessmodel and am receiving investment funding andmentoring from the private sector. If you have a goodidea in technology and a good business model, don’t beafraid to tell the world about your business model orproduct. There are many competitions and challenges in
Cambodia, as well as startup centers and so on. The
private sector can be investors as well as mentors.
Nothing is impossible even if you’re young.

DPL: At first “eco-society” seemed like an idealistic term,
but through this symposium I have learned that it isholistic and realistic. Students should keep seeking
higher education and keep looking for opportunities andthey will find them, because opportunities are
everywhere. Early exposure to industry is important.
Internships, etc. build up the individual as a person who
can have an impact on the world. Sustainability isimportant to live well with oneself, society and nature.

KO: Creating the future sustainable society is foreveryone, not just for companies and government but for
all of us. Message to young Cambodians: Keep learning,
explore your passion and you can make it, maybe evenCEO of a company.

ST: Everyone should explore what they don’t know orwant to know. When you find something you want to do
and learn how to do it, you build self-esteem. Experienceand achievements help you to reach your career goals.

LP: To build an eco-society, the private sector and public
sector must collaborate through PPPs. Both are needed
for good management and career development. I took
part in a competition and though I did not win I learned
what a startup is. Poorer young people from ruralbackgrounds sometimes have to cut short their
university studies, so the private sector is important forsuch young people for scholarships, internships,
workshops and other opportunities. In the competition, I
met many people who had no formal academic training.
PPS are important for smart cities.
SS: I feel ready to take on the challenges ofentrepreneurship. My startup creates compost forsmallholder farmers. When I started I was afraid ofearthworms. After learning more about them now I love

LV: Eco-society is a large topic. Some countries talk abouttransportation, others about renewable energy. But thegoal is the same: to save our world, to have a good life, tomake people and communities resilient. To achieve thesegoals, sectors must work together, but they must be
guided by sound policy.
NDQC: For eco-society, first identify who you are, what
you can do, and what situations you want to improve.
Then find a team with the same goals. Then ask for help
from experienced people around you, using your own
learning and experience.
M: Everyone has great vision and passion. Best of luck
and remember the older professionals are available toassist you.

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DAY 2Conclusion Speeches
Mr. Akira KOJIMA, Director of HOF/President of Center for International Economic
Collaboration (CIEC)

Dr. Chan Oeurn CHEY, Vice Dean, Faculty of Science, RUPPDr. Sovann EN, Y-E-S Cambodia 2009 Awardee

Conclusion Speeches

Mr. Akira KOJIMA
Director of HOF/President of Center for International Economic Collaboration(CIEC)

Conclusion Speeches
After having a very intensive one and a half day ofsessions, I must confess I’m a little tired. How about you?
But some feeling of satisfaction accompanies it also, withhaving a deeper understanding of more connectedness,
we are getting a bit smarter.
At this very moment, the COP25 Ministers’ meeting ishappening and they are discussing this subject, ecosociety. This subject is very important. And I have a deep
impression that this kind of interface discussion is very
important. As we go deeper into the internet age, wemust also have the interface. And I also find that young
thinkers and doers have very strong confidence in the
future. I’m very glad to find that.
Before we can go further, let me try to check where weare now. This is the 21st century and this century is
supposed to be the age of Asia. The economic andfinancial crisis happened in this region some 20 years
ago. At the time, non-Asian economists said that this wasa crisis of Asian crony capitalism. For many centuries
European scholars have talked about Asian economic
stagnation, but they could not forecast nor explain thelater spectacular development of the Asian economies in
the 1970s and ’80s. Then they began to talk about the“Asian miracle.” But the “Asian miracle” school could notforecast nor explain the following 1997 Asian crisis. They
then began to talk about crony capitalism. This “crony
capitalism” school could not forecast the quick recovery
until now. So the bottom line is that the theory could notcatch up with the ever-changing realities in Asia. We
must free ourselves from temporary thinking. We musthave a long-term historical perspective.
The European scholar, Andre Gunder Frank, his
sensational book was published in the year 1998, when
Asia was suffering from crisis. Actually it was in the very
midst of the Asian crisis. The book’s title is ReOrient,
subtitle Global Economy in the Asian Age. “ReOrient”: R-E,
and a big capital letter “O,” Orient. It means “Again Orient”

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and also small-O “reorientation,” of Asia. This author tried
literally to reorient traditional European views away from
Europe-centrism. And then the OECD, a party-based
think-tank type of head office, published a big-volume
book written by Angus Maddison, who passed awaysome years ago. The title was The World Economy: A
Millennial Perspective. He tried to estimate the GDP ofmany countries going back more than 10 centuries. And
in this book I found an interesting thing. In the year 1829,
in that year almost 50% of total global GDP wasproduced by two big countries: India and China. Butother Asian economies were having larger share than
USA or UK at that time. So Asia is not simply emerging.
We are now seeing a re-emergence, rather than simple
emergence. Coming back to today’s subject, we cantackle the challenge of producing important Asian rolemodels for smart cities, which offer comfortable life andenvironmentally-friendly and business-friendly
conditions. We are now seeing global competition
among cities. The concept of smart cities emerged, I
think, around the year 2000. But digital technologies
have been accelerating this competition among smart
cities. In the year 2019 India and China had plans tocreate some 100 smart cities respectively. Smart cities are
getting ever more important in the global trend of
urbanization, as urbanization is still continuing.
According to a United Nations survey, more than 50% of
the global population, namely 7.6 billion, as of 2018 isliving in cities. It was the year 2007, I remember, when theurban population became larger than that of the farming
areas. In the year 2030 this share of urban population will
be much more. It is expected to be over 60% of total
global population. In Asia-Pacific countries and regions
excluding Japan, as of 2015 there are 216 cities withpopulations of over one million people. These cities’ total
population is 690 million. In the year 2035 more
urbanization will push up this number to one billion.
Rapid urbanization produces many problems: Population
congestion, traffic jams, environmental disruption,
sometimes crime, shortage of many types ofConclusion Speeches

infrastructure. Here comes the important challenge forsmart cities: In the process of creating better performing
smart cities, we need a strong sense of mission amid
technological challenges. Technology, I think, itself does
not produce value-added. The important thing is how tomake use of technology—utilization. So to use
technologies we need a philosophy, a sense of mission. If
we can tackle the challenges of the Asian economies, theAsian countries can have some kind of leapfrog type ofdevelopment over those challenges. While listening to
your very interesting discussions in the past two days,
many catchphrases, words came into my mind. And they
all happened to have the initial “D.” Development? OK.
Density in cities, demography, depopulation in Japan,
and data, this morning. Data, data, I want to repeat it,
data. Digital technologies, digitization, diversification, as
was mentioned yesterday by Dr. Kalyan. Today the lastsession was dominated by ladies. Degradation of theenvironment related to the decarbonization that people
are talking about, again “D,” and also relating to thisconcept we often hear about decoupling, decouplingfrom economic growth, from the increasing consumptionof resources, and energy. Actually in the past, in the
1970s and early ’80s, Japan was very successful in theprocess of decoupling. We had economic growth, but the
total consumption, input of energy and resources grew
much, much slower and even declined. So that is
important, decoupling. Another catchphrase we often
hear recently is “disruption.” “Disruption” means thatkeeping past trends and extrapolating on those trends is
not enough; we must have some change in theparadigm.
Lastly, yesterday I came across a big parking lot in thecampus and found that many motorcycles were parked
there. About 99% of them are Honda motorbikes. Honda
Dream motorcycles. So “Dream” is not only for
motorcycles. “Dream” is our challenge. Dreams were thedriving force for challenge of Soichiro Honda, founder of
Honda Foundation. Honda Foundation is keeping thisspirit of “Dream.” So let’s try to keep our dreams. This is
your century, the Asian century. So after some fatigue I
am very much satisfied with your wonderfulcontributions. Thank you very much.

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Dr. Chan Oeurn CHEY
Vice Dean, Faculty of Science, RUPP

Conclusion Speeches
A very good morning, again. First I would like to thankHonda Foundation and the whole RUPP team for making
this event very successful, organized and a lot of
discussions over just the few days up to now. When we
see the topics of discussion we can know that they cover
multidisciplinary areas about things that happen all
around us every day and keep changing, changing all thetime. And we don’t repeat change and we start to think
about new ways of living. How can we live in sustainable
ways? How can we live in better conditions and come up
with a lot of discussions on smart cities? And connect toseveral topics related to education also. Because smart
cities need smart education. Smart cities need smart
people. So technology is so important. Due to the rapidchanges in nanotechnology, due to integration in ICT,
people can have opportunities to use those technologies
for their everyday lives, for their work, for their business,for industry. So technology is something there, but how
to utilize it in meaningful and peaceful ways? This is very
important, that we have discussed so far among the
topics, including economics, diversification and othertopics also, because we are thinking about economics.
But economics is not the only thing that we are thinking
about. We also have to think about human life. Aboutsustainables: How to live, how to balance between
science and nature, between the environment andeconomics. This is a better way that was covered during
these two days’ discussions and we come up with a new
way of learning. And we have worked, we have talked
with many partners in Cambodia so far, especially RUPP.

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We work very closely with the relevant Ministries. We
work with the private sector, including the startup
sectors, sitting here with us. We work with different
partners, international partners, including Honda
Foundation, to find a way out. When we see that our
young generation is really eager to learn new things,
eager to do something for a better future, let us open thedoor for them. How can we make this happen? How can
we work together, including industry, government andacademia, sitting together? So today’s platform anddiscussions are really the start of a new way, a newgateway for the younger generation. So I think this is avery important event. I’m really happy and thankful forthe organizers and I hope that it’s not the end. I hope thespirit of the conversations over the past two days
continues regularly everywhere in the universities andMinistries, they have to work together. From this I canconclude that now it is time for us to work together.
Because previously, a long, long time ago, the universities
never talked to industry. We talked, but really only about
limited things. And we produced people who did not
respond to the skills needed in industry. And even thepolicymakers at the government level make a lot ofpolicy but sometimes the implementation of the policy isreally difficult. That’s why we need to sit together, to set
common goals for a better future, for sustainability, andbetter life. I think now let’s open the door for the younger
generation for a better future. So this is my conclusion:
That working together is the way forward tosustainability. Thank you.

Conclusion Speeches

Dr. Sovann EN
Y-E-S Cambodia 2009 Awardee

Conclusion Speeches
Thanks to the organizer for the introduction.
Your excellencies, distinguished guests, ladies andgentlemen, it is a great honor to say a few words at theend of this symposium.
First, I would like to thank you all for your numerous
attendances and interactive discussion during this event.
This year, our main theme for the international
symposium on ecotechnology is “conversion to achieve
eco-society through the industry-government-academia
collaboration: toward sustainability and quality of life.”
As expected, we have seen a lot of interestingpresentations from our experts representing academia,
government officials as well as young entrepreneurs. I
used the word young to refer to your new ideas, yourinspiration to the young generation, and your new
solutions toward a better eco-society, and not by your age!
During these two days we have put our focus on two
main topics. The first one is sustainable smart cities andthe second one is human resource development.
Ladies and gentlemen, if we are trying to wrap up our
discussions on these two topics, please allow me to makea few notes on our keynote speeches, delivered by H.E.
Dr. Mey Kalyan and Dr. Michiharu Nakamura. As
mentioned by H.E. Dr. Mey Kalyan, if we are going further
to plan the future it is very important to look back into
the historical dimensions and ask ourselves if we are on
the right track. At that time we will realize what will be
the next challenge. Interestingly, on the other hand, Dr.
Michiharu Nakamura is more interested in how Japanese
government policymakers plan for the years ahead andby doing this he tried to introduce a new Japaneseframework based on a try-and-error approach toward thesustainable development goals. What impressed me a lot
was the kosen school framework, which allows students

at the age of 15 to enroll in five-year engineering
programs to prepare themselves for a career in STEM.
This early adoption will allow them to be ready for STEM
at a very young age and ready for the years ahead. I hope
this framework will be widely adopted in Cambodia as
well as in the region.
Ladies and gentlemen, our first session was about
inclusive and sustainable smart cities. I was impressed bydifferent key input from different speakers and theirperspectives toward the same topics. I would like to start
first with H.E. Dr. Chhem Rethy, who defined a city as a
drama in time on green space and not by a physical placeor building. A drama where all the emotion happens, andit should happen in a green place. He then tried to definea smart city as a combination of smart technologies,
smart governance, smart finance and smart citizens.
Professor Akinori Morimoto, on the other hand, is moreinterested in a fascinating concept, namely “smart
sharing city,” to fight the problem of population decline
in Japan. To him, the concepts of the smart city and thesharing city are the same, yet they are very different. The
smart city focuses on the use of ICT, whereas the sharing
city focuses on public transportation. They are the same
because they serve the same purpose: toward asustainable and better future for humans, for citizens. I
found this idea very interesting because this concept
allows us to decentralize big cities and systematicallyallows us to use resources efficiently. Dr. Chanthy Lay and
Dr. Shizuo Iwata seem to agree on the same thing: A
practical approach toward sustainable city planning anddevelopment. To them, empirical study and planning anda data-driven approach will lead us to sustainable cities
in the future.
Your Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, our second
topic of discussion was human resource development
contributed by the private sector. We had several
presentations and discussions from our government
officials and from Japanese and Cambodian

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entrepreneurs. I’m glad to learn from different people
about their skills and their journeys toward better humanresource development in Cambodia. I’m very convinced
about the startup ecosystem in Cambodia in the context
of global digitalization. Finally, I would also not like toforget to thank Mr. Kei Iinuma for his inspirational successjourney carried out at Kanagawa Science Park and his
great deal of experience in this field. Thanks also to Dr.
Tomohiro Fujita for his inspirational entrepreneurial spirit
and his kind consideration to encourage our young
engineers and scientists to involve entrepreneurship. I
hope his clear message on how to create a society thatencourages people to do whatever they are eager to do
is shared with our young entrepreneurs in Cambodia in
the future more and more.
This morning we had two panel sessions by our young
scientists. I will not try to wrap this up because ourmoderator has done a great job already. Anyway, I thankthem for their activities and courage. We went througha very interactive and interesting discussion. I would
like to thank the organizers again for allowing theyoung generation to actively involve, learn, get inspired
from, and be ready to take action for a better ecosociety in the future.

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One thing I would like to raise is it’s very vital tounderstand the differences in each country and promotemature understanding among our young participants
through this symposium. This symposium lasted only one
day and a half and I understand this is a very short time inyour lifespans. But it will be a precious experience to learn
and get inspiration from each other. I sincerely hope that,through this symposium, new collaborations and new
friendships will last a long time, and help us to fight for
better sustainable development and life in the future.
Finally, on behalf of the Y-E-S awardees, I would like toexpress my appreciation to all the participants for taking
time to attend this symposium. Thanks also to RUPP and
CJCC for all their organization and logistics. Last but notleast, I would like to express my gratitude to Honda
Foundation and the Japanese people, in general, for theiryears of support in promoting ecotechnologies as well assustainable development in Cambodia.
To our foreign guests and friends, I wish you all a safe andpleasant flight back to your countries and I hope you
enjoyed your stay in Cambodia. To our young students, I
wish you success in your study and current journey.
Thanks for your attention.

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