MLF ANNUAL REPORT 2012

J-PARC 13-03
KEK Progress Report 2013-4

Materials and Life Science Division
J-PARC Center

Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan

http://j-parc.jp/MatLife/en/index.html
J-PARC was jointly constructed and is now operated by the High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization (KEK) and the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA).

Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society
http://www.cross-tokai.jp/

Preface to the MLF Annual Report 2012

After recovering from the damage of the devastating disaster occurred in 2011, J-PARC resumed its operation in
January 2012. The accelerator operation started at 100 kW and the power was increased to 200 kW in February, when
we restarted the user program. Very stable operation continued until the summer shutdown. In October, the operation
resumed and then we tested maximum possible power of the accelerator with the equipment then, just before ramping
up to 350 kW. And we achieved 534 kW as the maximum power although it was just for a short time due to the license
regulation. This result encouraged people to foresee a possible new goal of 1.5 MW instead 1 MW in the future. The
350 kW operation was successfully operated after the maximum power test through the end of March to the end ofMay, when we encountered another difficulty, the accident at the Hadron Facility.
Delivery of the Bubbling system to mitigate pitting of target container was delayed for half a year, but we were able
to install it in the Hg loop and started operation in November, which enabled us to ramp up the accelerator power to
350 KW. The mitigation effect was clearly observed by a laser Doppler vibrometry, although we had another trouble
due to the unexpected intrusion of Hg to the branching He pipes. This problem will be solved by improving the piping
this year.
Four new beam lines joined the user program club. Those are BL02 (DNA, back scattering inst.), BL15 (TAIKAN,
wide angle diffractometer), BL17 (SHARAKU, vertical reflection), BL18 (SENJU, single crystal diffractometer). All ofthem are constructed and operated under the legislation for the user promotion program. A new beam port of muon,
U-line, was also funded by a grant and started construction.
I am happy to announce that JFY 2012 was the most successful year so far for J-PARC and MLF. We received 500
general proposals and the number of the unique users reached 900 and is still growing. Prominent scientific results
were created in various scientific fields, such as protein science, superconductor, magnetism and industrial use. A newnational project, Element Strategic Program has started and J-PARC/MLF is expected to be a key facility and a large
contribution to the program.

Masatoshi Arai
Division Director of Materials and Life Science Division (MLF)

This is the second MLF Annual Report to be compiled jointly between J-PARC Center and CROSS-Tokai. It
describes the scientific, technical and operational activities of the MLF during JFY2012 (April 2012 – March 2013).
Two years have now passed since CROSS-Tokai commenced operations in support of the Public Neutron
Beam Facility at J-PARC. Though the start of direct user support activities on the Public Beamlines was delayed byabout 10 months due to the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 2011, CROSS-Tokai is now fully engaged inits core business of managing the proposal selection process for the Public Beamlines, delivering high-quality user
support and promoting facility utilization.
During JFY2012, the suite of Public Beamlines consisted of five fully-operational instruments: BL01
4SEASONS, BL02 DNA, BL15 TAIKAN, BL17 SHARAKU and BL18 SENJU. From JFY2013, the sixth Public
Beamline at J-PARC･MLF – BL11 PLANET – will become available to users. With the addition of PLANET, therange of science enabled on the Public Beamlines will be extended to the study of liquids and solids under extreme
temperature and pressure conditions with particular application in the Earth･Planetary and Materials Sciences.
In keeping with our mandate to promote facility utilization and actively support national research priorities, fromthe latter half of JFY2012, CROSS-Tokai initiated two new user programs on the Public Beamlines:•

Trial Use – a program that promotes the use of neutrons by first-time or novice users from both theindustrial and academic sectors; and,•Elements Strategy Initiative – a Japanese Government program that aims to promote the developmentof alternative materials and technologies in the target areas of permanent magnets, catalysis andbatteries, electronic and structural materials.

In the area of facility utilization promotion, we have in the last year joined with JASRI – our sisterorganization at SPring-8 – to develop a system of Complementary Use proposals. This system aims toencourage and facilitate complementary and collaborative use of multiple large-scale facilities – initiallyneutron and synchrotron radiation sources – in a single research project. We hope that, ultimately, thesystem will develop to a stage where users can make a single research proposal to multiple facilities.
Also starting this year, CROSS-Tokai is undertaking the task of reviewing the operation and performance ofcontract beamlines at the MLF. Specifically, during JFY2012, we established and set terms of reference for theContract Beamline Evaluation Committee that will carry out the interim review of two Ibaraki Prefecture beamlines(BL03 iBIX and BL20 iMATERIA) during JFY2013.
As you can see, CROSS-Tokai is now fully up and running and continues to expand the scope and scale of its
activities at the MLF. Though by no means exhaustive, I hope that this report will be a useful resource to anyone
wishing to know more about CROSS-Tokai and what we do.
As always, and on behalf of the team at CROSS-Tokai, I extend a warm welcome to researchers from aroundthe world who wish to make use of the Public Beamlines at J-PARC･MLF.

Yasuhiko Fujii
Director, CROSS-Tokai* Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society
www.cross-tokai.jp

Contents
Preface to the MLF Annual Report 2012

Research and Development Highlights
Realization of Pressure Wave Mitigation in a Mercury Target by Microbubble Injection························

2

Switching of Intra-Orbital Spin Excitations in Electron-Doped Iron Pnictide Superconductors················

4

Dynamics of a Model Protein of the Amyloid Fibril Formation Observed by Neutron Scattering·············

6

Crystal and Magnetic Structure Investigation on Solid Solution of BiFeO3-BaTiO3·······························

8

Novel Dielectric Oxides for High-Temperature-Operating Devices··················································· 10
Structural and Electrical Properties of Pb-substituted La2Mo2O9 Oxide Ion Conductors························ 12
Determination of the Microstructural Properties of Four Ancient Japanese Steel Arrow Tips
through Wavelength Resolved Neutron Transmission Analysis··················································· 14
Study of Neutron Radiation Hardness of Hybrid Avalanche Photo Detector
for the Belle-II Experiment·································································································· 16
Evaluation of Manufacturing Process with Energy Selective Neutron Radiography····························· 18
Time-resolved Neutron Imaging with Resonance Absorption Reactions
and Its Application in Computed Tomography········································································· 20
Two-Dimensional Focusing of Pulsed Neutron Beam with Elliptic Supermirrors·································· 22
Confirmation of Spin Gap Excitations in the Spin-3/2 Substances RCrGeO5 (R = Y or 114Sm)················ 24
Neutron Brillouin Scattering Experiments on HRC······································································· 26
Reentrant-Type Metal–Nonmetal Transition in Pr1-xCexRu4P12························································· 28
Spin Waves in the Ferromagnetic Phase of MnP········································································· 30
Dynamical Properties of Low-Dimensional Quantum Spin Systems················································· 32
Temperature and Element Substitution Effects on Magnetic Excitationsin the Triangular-Lattice Antiferromagnet CuCrO2···································································· 35
Chiral Magnetic Soliton Lattice in MnSi······················································································ 37
Adsorption of Water into DN-gels with Hierarchical Structure························································· 39
Dewetting Process of Deuterated Polystyrene and Poly (vinyl methyl ether)
Blend Thin Films via Phase Separation················································································· 41
Development of Piezo-Based Low Temperature 2-Axes Goniometer System····································· 43
Investigation of the Degradation Mechanism of ITER CS Conductor Sample using TAKUMI················· 45
Neutron Diffraction Study on the Structure of Aqueous LiNO3 Solutions············································ 48
Local Lattice Distortion Caused by Short Range Charge Ordering in LiMn2O4···································· 50
2D Neutron Diffraction Imaging on an Ammonite········································································· 52
New Electronics Board for GEM Detector System (nGEM)···························································· 54
Diffusive Behavior of Garnet-type Compounds············································································ 56
Development of Non-destructive an Multi-elemental Analysis System
by Muonic X-ray··············································································································· 59
μSR Study of Different Magnetic States in Electron-Doped Pr1.3-xLa0.7CexCuO4+δ (x = 0.10)
Single Crystals Depending on the δ Value·············································································· 61

Neutron Source
Beam Commissioning in MLF for High Power Operation for JSNS and MUSE··································· 64

New Mercury Target Vessel with Advanced Design······································································ 66
Cryogenic Hydrogen System··································································································· 68
Neutron Target Station··········································································································· 70
Radiation Safety··················································································································· 72
Cooling System for Neutron Source·························································································· 73
General Control System of MLF······························································································· 75
Scenes from the Neutron Target Station···················································································· 77

Neutron Science
BL01: Fermi Chopper Spectrometer 4SEASONS —Improvement in the Background Suppression—····· 80
BL02: Si Crystal Analyzer near Backscattering TOF Spectrometer DNA—Specification and Commissioning Results —······································································· 82
Upgrading of the IBARAKI Biological Crystal Diffractometer iBIX at BL03········································· 84
Cross-section Measurement of Neutron Capture for Np-237 at ANNRI (BL04)··································· 86
Studies of Neutron Optics for Physics Researches······································································ 88
Development of SuperHRPD and Structural Study of Functional Materials········································ 90
Development of an Advanced Special Neutron Powder Diffractometer
under Extreme Environment for Materials·············································································· 93
BL10: NOBORU··················································································································· 95
BL11: Performance of High Pressure Neutron Diffractometer PLANET············································· 96
High Resolution Chopper Spectrometer at BL12········································································· 98
BL14 AMATERAS················································································································· 100
Development and Commissioning of TAIKAN············································································· 102
Free Liquid Interface Measurement Using Horizontal Type Neutron Reflectometer SOFIA··················· 104
BL17: Polarized Neutron Reflectometer SHARAKU····································································· 106
BL18: Status of SENJU·········································································································· 108
BL19-TAKUMI Engineering Materials Diffractometer···································································· 110
The Current Status of the Versatile Neutron Diffractometer, iMATERIA············································· 112
Status of the High Intensity Total Diffractometer (BL21, NOVA)······················································· 114
Development and Application of an in-situ SEOP 3He Neutron Spin Filter at J-PARC/MLF··················· 116
Progress of Manyo-Library······································································································ 118
Activity Report of the Sample Environment at J-PARC/MLF··························································· 120
Activity Reports of Chemical Safety Group in MLF······································································· 122
ZnS/10B2O3 Ceramic Scintillator Contributing to Nuclear Security ···················································· 124
High Pressure MWPC Neutron Detector for Pulsed Neutrons························································· 125
Focusing Supermirrors on Precisely Figured Elliptical Surfaces······················································ 126
Development of a Multi-Channel Spheroidal Focusing Mirror························································· 128
Scenes from the Neutron Experimental Hall··············································································· 130

Muon Science
Status of J-PARC MUSE········································································································ 132
Commissioning Test for the Remote-Controlled Replacement of the Muon Rotating Target·················· 135
H Line Installation Work········································································································· 138
Installation of Front-end Magnets for the S-Line·········································································· 141

Installation of Superconducting Curved Solenoid for the U-line······················································· 143
Installation of Superconducting Axial Focusing Magnet for U-line···················································· 145
Performance of the DC-separator at the U-line············································································ 147
Kicker System – Noise Reduction at D-line –·············································································· 150
U-line Interlock System·········································································································· 152
Magnetic Shields for W-target Chamber in U-line········································································ 154
Development of a Manufacturing Method of Highly Pure Tungsten Foil
for Thermal Muonium Generation························································································· 157
Construction of the J-PARC/MUSE Ultra-Slow Muon Beamline······················································ 160
Installation and Simulation of Ultra-Slow Muon Beam Line···························································· 162
Transport System of Laser Pulses···························································································· 164
Coherent Lyman-α Resonance Radiation Source for Ultra-Slow Muon Microscope····························· 167
Installation of Kalliope additional positron detectors to DW-1 spectrometer········································ 169
Installation of Dilution Refrigerator at J-PARC MUSE··································································· 171
Scenes from the Muon Experimental Hall·················································································· 173

What's new at the MLF in 2012?
Advance Neutron Beam Line for VIllage of Neutron ResOnance Spin Echo Spectrometers(VIN ROSE) at BL06········································································································· 176
Construction of The Pulsed Neutron Imaging Beam Line at J-PARC················································ 178
Polarized Inelastic Neutron Spectrometer POLANO····································································· 180
Beam Commissioning of the U-line and Update of the World Recordof the Strongest Pulsed Muon Source··················································································· 182
Strategic Use······················································································································· 185
JASRI – CROSS-Tokai Complementary Use Proposal Program····················································· 186

MLF Operations in 2012
CROSS-Tokai - 2012 Update·································································································· 188
Status of Beam Operations at the MLF······················································································ 193
Users at the MLF·················································································································· 195
Proposal Review System········································································································ 196
MLF Proposals Summary – FY2012························································································· 197
MLF Division Staff 2012········································································································· 199
CROSS-Tokai Staff 2012········································································································ 201
Committee and Meetings········································································································ 202
The Government Review of J-PARC························································································· 209
MLF Workshops in 2012········································································································ 210
Workshops in 2012··············································································································· 212
Seminars and Courses in 2012································································································ 216
Schools in 2012···················································································································· 217
Award List··························································································································· 218
MLF Publication 2012············································································································ 219
Editorial Board - MLF Annual Report 2012················································································· 227

Organizaon Chart
Organizaon Chart of
J-PARC Center

Organizaon Chart of
CROSS
CROSS is "Registered Instuon for Facility Use
Promoon" for the public-access neutron
beam facilies at J-PARC.

Director,
J-PARC Center
Deputy Director,
J-PARC Center
Deputy Director,
J-PARC Center
Accelerator Division

President
CROSS Head OfficeDirector,
CROSS-TokaiMLF Division

Science Coordinators

Materials andLife Science Division

Safety Division

Neutron Source SeconAdministraon
Division

Neutron Science SeconUlizaon Promoon
Division

NeutronInstrumentaon Secon

Neutron R&D Division

Muon Science SeconParcle and Nuclear
Physics Division
Transmutaon Secon
Cryogenics Secon
Safety Division

The Role of CROSS-Tokai
Under the terms of the legislation that supports
the Public Neutron Beam Facility, CROSS-Tokai is
entrusted with specific responsibilities. In practicalterms, the core functions of CROSS-Tokai can besummarized as follows:

Management
Supporng Secon	Proposal Selection and Beamtime Allocation

Informaon SystemSecon	User Support on the Public Beamlines

Public Relaons Secon

Facility Userson the Public Beamlines	Establishment of an Information Resource for	Outreach and Facility Utilization Promotion

Administraon Division
User Office Team	Contract Beamline Assessment and Selection

J-PARC MAP
KEK - Tokai

N・J-PARC Center Users Office・CROSS - Tokai( Ibaraki Quantum BeamResearch Center )245

Main Gate

Linac

245

HENDEL R & D Building

3 GeV Synchrotron

MLF

50 GeV Synchrotron

Research and Development
Highlights

Realization of Pressure Wave Mitigation in a Mercury Target
by Microbubble Injection

1. Introduction
A mercury target vessel, which contains liquidmercury for a pulsed neutron target, suffers fromcavitation damage induced by the pressure waves
propagation in mercury. This damage determines
the lifetime of the target vessel. Our approach to
reduce the damage, that is, to mitigate the pressure waves, involves injecting microbubbles into
the mercury. The microbubbles play the role of acushion in the mercury; in short, the microbubbles
absorb mercury’s thermal expansion due to a rapid
temperature rise caused by pulsed proton beam
bombardment.
A bubble generator, which injects microbubbles
into mercury, has been developed [1] and the mercury target operation with bubble injection has been
started since October 2012.
2. Operation status
Helium gas is provided to the bubble generator
from cover gas in a surge tank of a mercury circulation loop. Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of
the mercury circulation loop with a gas supplying
system which has been newly set during the summer shutdown in 2012. Some of the generated
microbubbles coalesce into gas layer. The heliumgas layer is supposed to accumulate in the target

Vent line

Surge tank

Mercury flow

Vent valve

vessel at the outlet. A vent line, which connects
the outlet of the target vessel with the surge tank,
was set to vent the accumulated helium gas to thesurge tank. However, the mercury penetrated thegas supplying line which connects the surge tankwith the gas supplying system. The increase of theamount of mercury going into the gas supplying line
blocks the helium gas flow to the bubble generator. Then we decided to operate the system closing
the vent valve. Figure 2 shows the time histories ofthe mercury flow rate, QHg, the helium gas flow rate,
QHe, and the pressure in the cover gas, PCG, whenthe vent valve is closed. Because of gas accumulation at the target outlet, PCG was decreased, whichcaused decrease of QHe. Since the accumulated
gas creates resistance against the mercury flow,
QHg was decreased. However these values became
constant after 180 hours of operation. Although QHg
and QHe were decreased at the beginning of the operation, we could operate the target system with microbubbles for 3 weeks keeping the gas flow rate atover 0.06 m3/h; this value is half of the required value. When the vent valve was opened, a decrease inthese values was not observed. Then a gas-liquid
separator will be installed in the vent line, which will
prevent the mercury from penetrating the gas supplying line.

Heat exchanger

Target(outlet)He supplying line

Target (inlet)
Bubblegenerator

Hg pump
Bubbling line
Gas supplying system

He gas flow

Figure 1. Schematic drawing of a mercury circulation loop with a gas supplying system.

2

Research and Development Highlights

0.5

140

QHg

120

30

100
20

PCG

QHe

10

80
60

0

0

100

200

300

Time (hour)

400

3. Change in the dynamic response
The vibrational velocity of the target vessel induced by the pressure waves was measured using
the laser Doppler diagnostic system [2]. In order todemonstrate the effect of distributed microbubbles
on pressure waves in mercury, the vibrational velocities were measured both with and without microbubbles injecting. Figure 3 shows the typical examplesof the time histories of vibrational velocities of bothwithout and with microbubbles [3]. The beam power
and peak energy in the mercury are approximately
equivalent to 300 kW and 3.0 J/cc/pulse, respectively. In the case of without bubbles, high-frequency
components resulting from the ringing of the target
vessel were superimposed after a beam injection. In
the case of with bubbles, on the other hand, it can beseen that the amplitude of the velocity immediately
after a beam injection was clearly reduced and sowere the high-frequency components. Furthermore,
damping of the vibration was relatively shorter thanthat in the without bubbles case.
Figure 4 shows the relationship between the
maximum velocity reduction due to the bubble injection and the injected gas fraction to the mercury
flow. The maximum vibrational velocity decreases
with the increase of the injected gas. This result
encourages us to improve the gas flow rate by the
installation of a gas-liquid separator to reduce much
more the pressure wave. Furthermore, we haveconfirmed that the cavitation damage is correlated

0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3

500

Figure 2	Time histories of the mercury flow rate, QHg, thehelium gas flow rate, QHe, and the pressure in the
cover gas, PCG, when the vent valve is closed.

w/o bubble
w/ bubbles

0.3
Velocity (m/s)

40

0.4

0

1

2
3
Time (ms)45Figure 3	Time history of the vibrational velocities obtainedby the laser Doppler diagnostic system.

Normalized velocity, Vmax,w/ / Vmax,w/o(x10-2 m3/h)
He

Flow rate, QHg (m3/h), Q

Pressure in cover gas, PCG (kPaA)

50

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

0

5 10-4
1 10-3
1.5 10-3
2 10-3
Injected gas fraction, β Gas flow rate / Hg flow rate

Figure 4	Relationship between the maximum velocity reduction due to the bubble injection and injected
gas ratio to the mercury flow.

with the maximum vibrational velocity through the
on-beam experiments. Therefore, we expect thatthe cavitation damage induced by the pressure
waves would be dramatically reduced by the microbubbles injection. In the future, we will observe
the beam window portion of the target vessel thathas been continuously operated under the microbubbles injecting condition to verify the effect of the
microbubbles on the cavitation damage.
References[1] MLF ANNUAL REPORT 2010 4.
[2]	M. Teshigawara, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 398(2010) 238.
[3]	http://j-parc.jp/en/topics/2013/MLFMicroBubbles130130.html

H. Kogawa, T. Naoe, T. Wakui, K. Haga, and H. Takada
Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Research and Development Highlights

3

Switching of Intra-Orbital Spin Excitations in Electron-Doped
Iron Pnictide Superconductors

1. Introduction
The iron pnictide superconductor LaFeAsO1−xHxshows a unique phase diagram [1]. In addition to
the ﬁrst superconducting dome with the optimal critical temperature (Tc) of 29 K adjacent to the AFM
phase, the second dome with an optimal Tc of 36
K is broadly spread around x ∼ 0.35; a T-linear resistivity, often referred to as non-Fermi-liquid state,
is observed above the Tc. According to previous
theoretical calculations, the development of thespin density wave (SDW)-type spin ﬂuctuations isunlikely in such heavy electron-doping conditions x> 0.3 due to the change of the Fermi surface (FS)[2], whereas the observed T-linear resistivity implies

Figure 1. Schematic phase diagram of LaFeAsO1−xHx.

the crucial relation between the spin fluctuations
and the second dome.
Thus, we performed inelastic-neutron-scattering(INS) measurements to investigate the dynamic
spin states of LaFeAsO1−xDx with x = 0.1, 0.2, and
0.4 corresponding to the top of the ﬁrst dome, the Tc
valley, and the top of the second dome, respectively.
For the sample compositions x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4,
the Tc’s were 27, 14, and 34 K, respectively. Several
INS measurements were performed using the Fermi
chopper spectrometer 4SEASONS in J-PARC. Alldata presented here were obtained at an incident
energy of 45.1 meV [3].
2. Results and Discussion
Figures 2 show the doping dependency of the
INS intensity from LaFeAsO1−xDx with x = 0.1, 0.2,
and 0.4 at 7 K as a function of momentum transfer(Q) at several ﬁxed energy transfers (E). For composition x = 0.1 [Fig. 2(a)], a peak is observed at
Q = 1.14 Å−1 and in 10 < E < 17 meV. The Q value
is very close to the wave vector for the two-dimensional stripe-type AFM order in the parent phase
Q2DAFM = (1 0 0) ∼ 1.1 Å−1 in orthorhombic notation,
indicating ﬂuctuations of the SDW. For x = 0.2, themagnetic peak completely disappears [Fig. 2(b)]. As
x increased to 0.4 [Fig. 2(c)], a peak appears again
at Q = 1.25–1.38 Å−1 in 16 < E < 22 meV.

Figure 2. Constant E-scans of LaFeAsO1−xDx with (a) x = 0.1, (b) 0.2, and (c) 0.4 at T = 7 K.

4

Research and Development Highlights

(a)x=0.08

(b)
4

π

0.40

π
16

3

χs

8

2
0

0

π

1

0

0

π

0

Figure 3. Contour plot of the spin susceptibility for (a) x = 0.08 and (b) 0.40.

Figures 3 show the calculated spin susceptibility
based on the RPA applied to a ﬁve-orbital modelof LaFeAsO1−xHx that was derived from the bandcalculation using VCA for the doping effect. The
calculated χs at x = 0.08 and 0.40 have a peak at
Q = (π, 0) ∼ 1.1 Å−1 and (π, 0.35π) ∼ 1.2 Å−1, respectively, which agree well with the experimental
values. From the FS analysis, the origins of the twoχs peaks are different; the former is derived fromthe nesting within Fe-3dYZ, ZX, whereas the latter isdue to the nesting within Fe-3dX2-Y2, indicating theswitching of the two intra-orbital nestings within the

3dYZ, ZX and 3dX2-Y2 by electron doping. These experimental ﬁndings and calculations imply that theorbital multiplicity plays an important role in the doping and/or material dependence of the Tc of the ironpnictides.
References[1] S. Iimura et al., Nat. Commun. 3, (2012) 943.
[2]	K. Kuroki, H. Usui, S. Onari, R. Arita, and H.
Aoki, Phys. Rev. B 79, (2009) 224511.
[3]	S. Iimura et al., Phys. Rev. B 88, (2013)
060501(R).

S. Iimura1, S. Matsuishi2, M. Miyakawa3, T. Taniguchi4, K. Suzuki5, H. Usui5, K. Kuroki6, R. Kajimoto7, M. Nakamura8,
Y. Inamura8, K. Ikeuchi7, S. Ji7, and H. Hosono1,9
1
Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute ofTechnology; 3Superconducting Properties Unit, National Institute for Materials Science; 4Materials Processing Unit, National Institutefor Materials Science; 5Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications; 6Department of Physics, Osaka
University; 7Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai; 8Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 9Frontier
Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Research and Development Highlights

5

Dynamics of a Model Protein of the Amyloid Fibril Formation
Observed by Neutron Scattering

1. Introduction
Amyloid fibrils are filamentous protein aggregatesfound as deposits in patients of various diseases
such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease,and senile systemic amyloidosis. These abnormal
protein aggregates and/or intermediate structures
towards the mature fibrils are related to the pathogenesis of these diseases. The elucidation of theamyloid fibril formation mechanism is thus importantfor elucidation of the mechanism of pathogenesis.
Although the proteins known to form the amyloid fibrils are not related to each other at all, thefibrils formed have similar structures [1], suggesting
a common mechanism of the amyloid fibril formation. The investigation of the amyloid fibrils of some“model” protein should therefore provide insights
into this common mechanism. We selected hen eggwhite lysozyme (HEWL) as a model protein. HEWL
assumes various structural states from monomers
to the amyloid fibrils as a function of HEWL and ethanol concentrations [2]. It is thus easy to control thestructural states of HEWL by changing the amountof ethanol and HEWL in the samples. This HEWLwater-ethanol system is therefore suitable to investigate the mechanism of the amyloid fibril formation.
Since partial unfolding of a protein is likely to trigger the formation of the intermediate(s) towards theamyloid fibrils, investigation of the dynamics of theprotein should be important. Here we investigatedthe dynamics of HEWL in the monomer and theamyloid fibril state by neutron scattering. Neutron
scattering provides unique tools to directly measure
the dynamics of the proteins. In particular, elastic
incoherent neutron scattering (EINS) provides ameasure of flexibility of the protein. We performed
the EINS measurements of HEWL in the monomer
and the amyloid states.
2. Experiments
50 mg/ml HEWL in D2O and 10 mg/ml HEWL
in 90% (v/v) of deuterated ethanol were prepared6

Research and Development Highlights

as samples for the monomer state and the amyloid
fibril state, respectively. The EINS measurementsof these samples were carried out using the nearbackscattering spectrometer DNA at MLF/J-PARC.
The measurements were done at several temperature points between 280 K and 300 K, at an energy
resolution of 12 µeV.
3. Results
Figure 1 shows the EINS curves of HEWL in
the monomer and the amyloid fibril states at various temperatures plotted against Q2 (Q = 4psinθ/λ,Figure 1.	The EINS curves of HEWL (a) in the monomer stateand (b) in the amyloid fibril state. In (a), the curves
at 280 K, 282.5 K, 285 K, 290 K, 295 K, and 300 K,
from top to bottom, are shown. In (b), the curves at
280 K, 282.5 K, 285 K, 287.5 K, 290 K, 292.5 K, 295
K, and 300 K, from top to bottom, are shown.

where 2θ denotes the scattering angle and λ thewavelength of the incident neutrons, is the momentum transfer).
Linear fits to these curves provide the atomic
mean square displacements <u2>, shown as data
points represented by the filled squares and the fits
represented by the solid lines in Fig .1.
Temperature dependence of <u2> obtained isshown in Fig. 2.
Differences are observed between the monomer
and the amyloid fibril states. Linear fits to the data in
Fig. 2 provide the values of the effective force constant, which is a measure of flexibility of the protein.
From this force constant analysis, the effective force
constants were estimated to be 0.10 ± 0.02 N/m for
HEWL in the monomer state and 0.058 ± 0.025 N/mfor HEWL in the amyloid fibril state, respectively.
This indicates that the protein in the amyloid fibril
states is more flexible than in the monomer state.
This difference in the dynamics of the protein implies the correlation between the aberration in dynamics and the aberration in structures.

Figure 2.	Temperature dependence of <u2> of HEWL in
the monomer state and the amyloid fibril state.
Straight lines are the results of the force constantanalysis.

References[1]	J. Greenwald and R. Riek: Structure 18 (2010)1244.
[2]	Y. Yonezawa, S. Tanaka, T. Kubota, K.
Wakabayashi, K. Yutani and S. Fujiwara: J.
Mol. Biol. 323 (2002) 237.

S. Fujiwara1,2, T. Yamada3, T. Matsuo1, N. Takahashi2, K. Kamazawa3, Y. Kawakita2, and K. Shibata3
1
Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Neutron R&D
Division, CROSS-Tokai

Research and Development Highlights

7

Crystal and Magnetic Structure Investigation on Solid Solutionof BiFeO3-BaTiO3Multiferroic materials are a group of materials
that exhibit several ferroic characteristics simultaneously. Because of their potential to be utilized as
actual applications, extensive studies have been
conducted for decades. In most of the multiferroic
materials multiferroicity manifests itself only under
low temperatures, however BiFeO3 (BFO) exhibits
multiferroicity, ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism at room temperature [1-3]. The ferroelectricity
appears below TC ~ 1100 K and the antiferromagnetism below TN ~ 640 K. The crystal structure below TC is of a rhombohedrally distorted perovskite
type (R3c), and the magnetic structure below TN isof a modulated G-type with an incommensurate period of 620 Å [4].
Recently, the solid solution of BFO with BaTiO3(BTO), which is a well-known and widely used ferroelectric material, was reported to exhibit improved
ferroelectricity and spontaneous magnetization[5,6]. Meanwhile, a structural study by X-ray powder
diffraction suggested that the structure of the solid
solution is cubic in the ferroelectric region though a
cubic symmetry is non-polar. In this study, X-ray andneutron powder structure analyses were performed
to clarify the crystal and magnetic structures of the(1-x)BFO-xBTO solid solutions.
The samples synthesized by the solid state reaction were measured by a laboratory X-ray pow-

0.9BiFeO3-0.1BaTiO3@RT

4.64

peak position (Å)

Intensity400

der diffractometer (RINT2000@IMRAM, Tohoku
University) and the neutron powder diffractometer(HERMES@JRR-3M, JAEA). In addition, the pulsed
neutron high-resolution powder diffractometer(SHRPD@J-PARC/MLF) was also used to measuremagnetic superlattice reflections in order to examine
the variation of the modulated magnetic structure.
The reflection at R-point, which characterizes
the rhombohedral structure, and the magnetic reflections were observed in the samples of 0 < x <0.8. The Rietveld analyses of the X-ray and neutron
powder data revealed a complex phase diagramof the BFO-BTO system. For example, at room
temperature, there is only a hexagonal phase in x
< 0.15, coexisting hexagonal and cubic phases in
0.15 < x < 0.8 and coexisting hexagonal and tetragonal phases in x > 0.6. The analyses also revealed
that the compositions of the coexisting phases differ
from each other. Ba and Ti atoms mostly go into the
cubic or the tetragonal phase, and the change of thecomposition in the hexagonal phase is little. At thesame time, the rhombohedral distortion was foundto be released as x increases.
The observed magnetic superlattice reflections
are shown in the figure (left). The overlapping of thepeaks is due to the quality of the sample since theresolution of the instrument, dd/d ~ 0.1%, should behigh enough to resolve the peaks well. The shifts

300
200
100
0
4.45

4.62
4.60
4.58
4.56
4.54

4.50

4.55

d (Å)

4.60

4.65

4.70

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

x

0.20

0.25

0.30

Figure 1.	Observed magnetic superlattice reflections (left) and the variation of their position with respect to the nominal composition x (right).

8

Research and Development Highlights

of the peak positions are also shown in the figure(right). The positions of the peaks barely varied
against the change of x. This is a good contrast to
the case of BFO doped with manganese, where thepeaks shift towards Γ point as the manganese concentration increases [7]. The difference may be attributed to the actual compositions of the hexagonalphase. Hence it can be conjectured that the modulated magnetic structure is affected mainly by its
composition rather than its structure. More detailed
results can be found in the reference of [8].
References[1]	J. R. Teague, R. Gerson and W. J. James, Solid
State Commun. 8 (1970) 1073.
[2]	D. Lebeugle, D. Colson, A. Forget, M. Viret, P.
Bonville, J. F. Marucco and S. Fusil, Phys. Rev.
B 76 (2007) 024116.

[3]	S. V. Kiselev, R. P. Ozerov, and G. S. Zhdanov,Sov. Phys. Dokl. 7 (1963) 742.
[4]	I. Sosnowska, T. Peterlin-Neumaier, and E.
Steichele, J. Phys. C 15 (1982) 4835.
[5]	M. M. Kumar, S. Srinath, G. S. Kumar and S.
V. Suryanarayana, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 188(1998) 203.
[6]	T. Ozaki, S. Kitagawa, S. Nishihara, Y.
Hosokoshi, M. Suzuki, Y. Noguchi, M. Miyayama
and S. Mori, Ferroelectrics 385 (2009) 6155.
[7]	I. Sosnowska, W. Schafer, W. Kockelmann, K.
H. Andersen, and I. O. Troyanchuk, Appl. Phys.
A 74 (2002) S1040.
[8]	R. Kiyanagi, T. Yamazaki, Y Sakamoto, H.
Kimura, Y. Noda, K. Ohoyama, S. Torii, M.
Yonemura, J. Z. Zhang, and T. Kamiyama, J.
Phys. Soc. Jpn 81 (2012) 024603.

R. Kiyanagi1, T. Yamazaki2, Y. Sakamoto2, H. Kimura2, Y. Noda2, S. Torii1,3, Y. Yonemura1,3, J. Zhang1,3, and T. Kamiyama1,3
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2IMRAM, Tohoku University; 3Institute of Materials Structure
Science, KEK

1

Research and Development Highlights

9Novel Dielectric Oxides
for High-Temperature-Operating Devices

3. Results and Discussion(1−x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–xBa(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 : (1−x)BNT–xBMN powders were prepared by a solid-state reaction. Time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction data
were collected at 25°C using the SuperHRPD at
J-PARC. The structure parameters were refined by
the Rietveld method using the program Z-Rietveld.
Figure 1 indicates the integrated-intensity ratioof the 113hexa to 111c peaks, I(113hexa) / I(113c), calculated from the neutron diffraction data, where “hexa”
and “cubic” indicate the hexagonal and cubic notations, respectively. The value of I(113hexa) / I(113c) isa character showing the volume fraction of the R3cphase. The intensities of the 113hexa peak originatingfrom the R3c phase were relatively high for x = 0.01

10

Research and Development Highlights

0.12

I(113hexa) / I(111c)

1. Introduction
The next-generation power electronics has attracted a great deal of attention because thesepower electronic devices can markedly reduce anelectric power consumed by mortars used for various applications such as electric/hybrid vehicles,
trains, and air conditioners. The 50-90% reductionof the electric power loss is expected to be achievedby replacing the currently-used Si-based semiconductors with silicon carbide (SiC)-based ones in the
inductors for the mortars. Dielectric capacitors thatcan be used at high temperatures of up to 200°C
are required to realize the SiC-based power devices. However, the currently available capacitors
are guaranteed only at a maximum temperature of
175°C.
In this study, Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 is selected to be abase ferroelectric material for high-temperature dielectric capacitors. Solid solutions of ferroelectric
Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 and paraelectric Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3,(1−x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–xBa(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 [(1−x)BNT–xBMN] are chosen. It is shown that (1−x)BNT–xBMN ceramics with x = 0.3 had a high er value ofapproximately 1000 in the wide temperature rangeof 25–400°C.

Cubic(Pm3m)

0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02

Rhombo.
(R3c)

0.00
0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

x in (1-x)BNT-xBMN

0.10

Figure 1. Phase diagram in (1−x)BNT–xBMN.

and 0.03, and their values of I(113hexa) / I(113c) wereover 0.1. However, I(113hexa) / I(113c) decreased
markedly around x = 0.04 and its value became
0.03 for x = 0.04. Although the 113hexa peak was likely to disappear for x = 0.05, I(113hexa) / I(113c) was
calculated to be 0.01 for x = 0.05. This result showsthat powders for x = 0.05 contain a small amountof the rhombohedral R3c phase. The 113hexa peakcompletely disappeared for x = 0.10.
Figure 2 shows the temperature dependences ofdielectric permittivity (er) and dielectric loss (tanδ).
In the temperature (T) range below 200°C, er wasstrongly dependent on the frequency (f) and er was
suppressed when f increased. In this temperature
region, tanδ had a relatively high value and increased with increasing f. Above 200 °C, er gradually increased with T and showed a maximum at Tm
at around 300°C, and then decreases with T.
The strong er and tanδ dependences on T below
200°C are quite similar to the “relaxor” dielectric
behavior observed for Pb(Mg,Nb)O3, Pb(Zn,Nb)
O3. The “relaxor” dielectric behavior disappeared athigh temperatures of T > 200°C, which is likely due
to the phase transition from the rhombohedral R3c
to the tetragonal P4bm.

2000

1 MHz

1000
0
0

100

Dielectric Permittivity (-)

4000
3000
2000

200

300 o 400

Temperature ( C)

500

0
0

3000

1 MHz

100

1 MHz

200

300

o

400

Temperature ( C)0.2

x=0.30

1000
0
0

100

200

300 o 400

Temperature ( C)

500

1 MHz

0.1

0.0
0

200

300

o

400

Temperature ( C)

x=0.10

500

1 kHz

1 MHz

0.1

0.0
0

500

2000

x=0.04

1 kHz
0.0
0
100

0.2

1 kHz

1000

0.1

1 kHz

x=0.104000

Dielectric Permittivity (-)

tan δ (-)

1 kHz

tan δ (-)

3000

0.2

x=0.04tan δ (-)

Dielectric Permittivity (-)

4000

1 kHz

100

200

1 MHz
300 o 400 500

Temperature ( C)

x=0.30

1 MHz

100

1 kHz

200

300

o

400

Temperature ( C)

500

Figure 2.	Temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity (er) and dielectric loss (tanδ) of (1−x)BNT–xBMN ceramics measured
at different frequencies.

It is interesting to note that x = 0.04 showed an
extremely high er over 2,000 at high temperatures in
the range of 200°C < T < 400°C. This value of er
observed for x = 0.04 was much higher than that of
BaTiO3-based ceramics that have been utilized for
ceramics capacitors. In addition, x = 0.30 exhibiteda dielectric property in which er showed an almost
constant value in the wide temperature range from
25°C to 400°C. These stable dielectric properties
with respect to T are suitable for application in high-temperature capacitors. Further investigations ofcrystal structures and properties are required to elucidate the origin of this dielectric behavior observedin (1−x)BNT–xBMN ceramics.
References[1]	Y. Ohshima, Y. Noguchi, T. Oguchi, Y. Kitanaka,
M. Miyayama, S. Torii, and T. Kamiyama, ECS
Transactions, 45[3], (2012) 195-207.

Y. Ohshima1, Y. Noguchi1, T. Oguchi1, Y. Kitanaka1, M. Miyayama1, S. Torii2,3, and T. Kamiyama2,3
1
Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science
Division, J-PARC Center; 3Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

Research and Development Highlights

11

Structural and Electrical Properties of Pb-substituted
La2Mo2O9 Oxide Ion Conductors

1. Introduction
The La2Mo2O9 oxide ion conductor has been intensively studied for use in the electrolyte of solidoxide fuel cells (SOFC), since the first report byLaccore et al. While pure La2Mo2O9 undergoes thephase transition at 580oC accompanied by a dropin conductivity when the temperature decreases,
the high-temperature cubic phase (Fig. 1) can bepreserved down to room temperature by substituting some cations. Although the bismuth substituted
system La2-xBixMoO9 has been widely studied to stabilize the high temperature phase, a Pb-substituted
system La2-xPbxMoO9-x/2 has not been reported yet.
Assuming that the chemical properties of bismuth
and lead are relatively close and the major difference is the charge valence with the resultant oxide ion vacancy concentration, the contribution ofoxide ion vacancy to the ionic conduction property
and crystal structure can be discussed by comparing La2-xPbxMoO9-x/2 and La2-xBixMoO9. In the present
study, we synthesize La2-xPbxMoO9-x/2 samples toclarify the stability, electrochemical properties andcrystal structure.

Figure 1.	Crystal structure of the high-temperature phase of
La2Mo2O9.

12

Research and Development Highlights

2. Experimental
La2Mo2O9-based solid solutions are prepared by
the conventional solid state reaction method. The
calcining and sintering temperatures are selected
at 500oC and 1000oC, respectively. To confirm thestability of the high temperature phase, samples
have been annealed at 450–500oC for more than 10hours before XRD and thermal analyses.
Electric conductivities are measured by AC twoprobe method, and EMF of oxygen gas concentration cells using the sample discs are also measured
to determine the dominant charge carrier.
Neutron diffraction experiments are carried out
at TOF-type diffractometer Super HRPD installed at
MLF of J-PARC. The diffraction data are analyzed
by Rietveld method using Z-Rietveld assuming cubic symmetry (P213).
3. Results and Discussion
From the phase stability experiments by XRD
and DSC, it was found that La2-xPbxMoO9-x/2 exhibits a single phase of high temperature form in therange 0.06 ≤ x ≤ 0.6, which is essentially similar to
the Bi-substituted system.
Figure 2 shows the Arrhenius plots of electric
conductivity. EMF measurements indicate that thetransport number of oxide ion is 1.0 for all the solid solutions. Ionic conductivity decreases with theamount of substitution, the trend of which is similar to La2-xBixMoO9 despite the larger number ofoxide ion vacancy in the Pb-substituted system.
Nevertheless, La2-xPbxMo2O9-x/2 exhibits slightly
higher conductivity under conditions of lower temperature, while they almost coincide at high temperatures.
In order to find a structural variation with Pbsubstitution, neutron diffraction experiments havebeen carried out on La2-xPbxMo2O9-x/2, the results ofwhich are then compared with La2-xBixMo2O9. Someof the refined structural parameters are represented
in Fig. 3. The lattice parameters of both systems

develop with composition showing Vegard’s rule.
However, the occupation factor of oxide ion at O2
site decreases with the Pb-substitution, while it almost remains the same for Bi-substituted samples.
Assuming that the major diffusion path at low temperature is oxide ion hopping between O2 and O3
sites, it is favorable for higher conductivity that defects are likely to form at O2 site with a higher occupancy. Therefore, the slight enhancement in ionic
conduction of La2-xPbxMo2O9-x/2 at low temperature
can be explained in the terms of defect formation.
On the other hand, the oxide ion occupancy isthought not to be effective for ionic conductivity atelevated temperatures, because oxide ion motion
would be highly activated.

Figure 3.	(a) Lattice parameter and occupation factors of (b)O2 and (c) O3 sites for La2-xPbxMo2O9-x/2 (◦) andLa2-xBixMo2O9 (◦).

Figure 2.	
Arrhenius plot of electric conductivity forLa2-xPbxMo2O9-x/2. ◦: x = 0, ◦: 0.06, △: 0.10, ▪:0.20, : 0.30 and : 0.60.

S. Takai1,*, Y. Doi1, S. Torii2,3, J. Zhang2,3, T. Y. S. P. Putra3, P. Miao3, T. Kamiyama2,3, and T. Esaka1
1
Graduate of School of Engineering, Tottori University; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center;3
Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; *present address, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University

Research and Development Highlights

13Determination of the Microstructural Properties
of Four Ancient Japanese Steel Arrow Tips
through Wavelength Resolved Neutron Transmission Analysis

1. Introduction
Japanese arms and armors represent one of themost important topics in the field of historical metallurgy. Since ancient times, the Japanese swords
are recognized as outstanding in terms of hardness,
resilience and, last but not least, aesthetics. The
importance of the Japanese arms and armors has
increased as a result of several studies conductedsince the late 19th century, both from stylistic pointof view [1-2] and from the analytical scientific approach [3-6]. Until now, the scientific analysis was
based mostly on the traditional metallurgy techniques: metallography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both of them invasive [3-4]. Morerecently, Japanese swords have been analyzed
through non-invasive quantitative methods as timeof flight neutron diffraction (ToF-ND) [5-8] and neutron imaging (NI) [9] allowed obtaining important information about composition as well as about thethermal and mechanical treatments. The two neutron techniques have their limitations that, however,can be overcome by applying a third neutron-based
method, namely position sensitive wavelength resolved neutron transmission analysis (PS-WRNTA).
We have analyzed 4 Japanese arrow tips attributed to the Edo period (17th-19th century) with different shape, composition and conservation status(see fig. 1). The sample composition was determined through ToF-ND [10].
The PS-WRNTA measurements were performed
exploiting the time of flight feature to determine themicrostructural properties of the samples as microstrain, phase distribution and degree of crystallinity. An innovative high spatial, high time resolution
detector, developed by A. Tremsin [11], was used toobtain, at the same time, a whole set of radiographies, each for a specific neutron wavelength.
2. Results
The detector was set to scan regions corresponding to the main Bragg edges in the transmis-

14

Research and Development Highlights

Figure 1.	Picture of the four analyzed samples. Square (Sq)and rhomb (Rh) are low carbon steel, spear (Sp)is high carbon steel, and cone (Co) is iron.

㻾㼔

㻿㼝

㻿㼜
㻯㼛

Figure 2.	Energy integrated radiography of the samples. The
microstructural features are revealed by the different levels of gray. The red squares define the areas of the wavelength distribution intensity (fig. 3).

Figure 3.	Wavelength distribution intensity of the highlighted areas of fig. 2 corresponding to the 211 and 110 Bragg edges. The
cone sample (pink) presents several ferrite single crystal oriented grains, identified by the presence of dips on the left
side with respect to the edge. Minor presence of oriented single crystals is present in rhomb (red) and square (blue)
samples while the spear one (black) appears to be isotropic.

sion spectrum of ferrite (the main phase of eachsample), namely the 110 (4.05 Å), 200 (2.68 Å), and
211 (2.34 Å) reflections. The data were normalizedusing the open beam images.
In this way it was possible to map the Bragg edge
features through the whole volume of the samples(see figs. 2 and 3). Identification and mapping thepresence and orientation of single crystals in iron,
represents an outstanding result in the study of ancient and modern metallurgy.
References[1]	L. Kapp, et al., The Craft of the Japanese Sword,
Kodansha International (1998).
[2]	K. Nagayama, The Connoisseurs Book ofJapanese Swords, Kodansha International(1997).

[3]	M. Chkashige, Oriental Alchemy, Samuel Weiserpress (1974).
[4]	J. Piaskowski, J. Hist. Met. Soc. 27 (1993) 110.
[5]	F. Grazzi, et al., Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 395(2009) 1961.
[6]	F. Grazzi, et al., Mater. Sci. Forum 652 (2010)157.
[7]	F. Grazzi, et al., Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 400(2011) 1493.
[8]	F. Grazzi, et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 26 (2011)1030.
[9]	F. Salvemini, J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 27 (2012)1494.
[10]	E. Barzagli, et al., Proceedings IUCR2011
meeting, Madrid (2011).
[11]	A. S. Tremsin, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys.
Res. A 628 (2011) 415.

F. Grazzi1, E. Barzagli1, F. Salvemini1, F. Civita2, H. Sato3, T. Shinohara4, T. Kamiyama3, Y. Kiyanagi3, A. Tremsin5,
and M. Zoppi1
1
CNR-ISC, Firenze, Italy; 2Stibbert Museum, Firenze, Italy; 3Hokkaido University; 4Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science
Division, J-PARC Center; 5Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA.

Research and Development Highlights

15

Study of Neutron Radiation Hardness of Hybrid Avalanche
Photo Detector for the Belle-II Experimentx1012 n/cm2

1. Introduction
The search for New Physics (NP) beyond theStandard Model is one of the main subjects inthe experimental particle physics today. The LHC
experiment at CERN performs direct search for
NP through high energy proton-proton collisions.
Another way of NP search is to find any signatureof the interference between the Standard Model
process and NP process. The Belle II experiment isaimed to find such interference in the B-meson andtau lepton decays. To find small signature of new
physics process, a SuperKEKB accelerator thatwill be used for the Belle II experiment, has been
designed to produce 40 times higher luminosity
compared to the KEKB accelerator that was used
for the previous B-factory experiment (Belle experiment). On the other hand, high luminosity causes
high background at the Belle II detector. A GEANT
based Monte Carlo simulation shows that electrons
coming from the Bhabha scattering will hit heavy
components around the Belle II detector and willproduce fast neutrons. All detector components ofBelle II are required to have sufficient neutron radiation hardness. We adopt Aerogel Ring Image
Cherenkov counter (A-RICH) as the particle identification device for the end-cap part of the Belle II de-tector. A-RICH consists of Aerogel radiators, Hybrid
Avalanche Photo Detectors (HAPDs) and theirreadout electronics. The fast neutrons could cause
displacement damage on the bulk part of Avalanche
Photo Diodes contained in a HAPD. At the Belle II
end-cap region where HAPDs are to be located, theflux of fast neutrons (1 MeV equivalent neutrons) is
estimated to be 1 × 1012 neutrons / cm2 or slightly
higher, assuming that SuperKEKB and Belle II runfor 10 years. The specification of the HAPD is mostly finalized and the remaining issue is the neutronradiation hardness. We study the radiation hardness of the HAPD using BL10.
2. Experimental setup
We made four types of HAPDs that had slightly
different specifications. At this experiment, thosefour HAPDs are ordered in a row that would allow
the neutron beam to penetrate them. In addition to
those HAPDs, two aerogel Cherenkov radiator tiles
are also placed in front of them. The total neutron
flux is measured using small diodes that have aknown relation between neutron dose and leakage
current increase. Figure 1 shows the measured
total neutron flux at this experiment. This neutron
flux is the integrated flux of two irradiation periods:

Measurement
Linear fit

Figure 1. Neutron flux VS ID of diodes (upstream: ID = 0, downstream: ID = 4).

16

Research and Development Highlights

Figure 2. Leakage current VS time (-20 and 0 correspond to the first and second irradiation, respectively).

Feb. 16-19, 2013 andMarch 9-11, 2013. The total
neutron flux (1 MeV equivalent neutrons per cm2)
is measured to be 2 × 1012 neutrons / cm2 and 1 ×1012 neutrons / cm2 for the HAPD at the extreme
upstream and downstream position, respectively.
These numbers correspond to the total neutron
dose estimated for the 10 years operation at the
Belle II experiment.
The performance of the HAPDs is checked seven times: before the neutron irradiation, right after
the first irradiation period, one week after the first irradiation period, before the second irradiation, rightafter the second irradiation period, one week after
the irradiation period, and one or two month after thesecond irradiation period. The performance checkconsists of the measurement of the leakage current, measurement of the noise, and measurementof the gain for a single or a few photons. Figure 2
shows a result of the leakage current measurement

as a function of time. We found that the increaseof the leakage current right after the irradiation was
similar for all four types of HAPDs. We also foundthat the leakage current of 1 × 1012 neutrons / cm2
gradually decreased after stopping the irradiation
for two types of HAPDs and increases for the othertwo types of HAPDs. This result indicates that not
only the bulk part but also the surface part of APD
is affected by neutron irradiation, since differencesamong these HAPDs are only in the surface part of
the APD.
From the noise and gain measurement, the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is measured to be S/N = 4.3
for the HAPD that is irradiated to 2.0 × 1012 neutrons/ cm2. This S/N is acceptable for K/π separation at
the Belle II experiment. We conclude that the HAPD
have sufficient neutron radiation hardness for the
Belle II experiment.

H. Kakuno1, I. Adachi2, N. Hamada3, S. Iwata1, and S. Nishida2
1
Grduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University; 2Instritute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK; 3Graduate
School of Science, Toho University

Research and Development Highlights

17

Evaluation of Manufacturing Process with Energy Selective
Neutron Radiography

1. Introduction
In manufacturing industries some products need
to be manufactured to have special features of crystalline, such as strain, crystalline size or orientation,
especially for products that need high quality assurance such as aero engine parts. In such products,
the manufacturing process should be controlled andalso evaluated strictly. Usually X-ray diffraction, microscopy or electron backscatter diffraction is used
to evaluate the crystal features. However it takes
too much time to conduct an evaluation in a macroscale because only features on the surface or in a
micro scale are obtained.
In this study we applied energy selective neutron
imaging and analysis with RITS code [1] in order toevaluate spatial distribution of crystalline structure
in macro scale. We evaluated forged Ni-based alloy and found that we could distinguish a different
process condition from the differences in crystalline features with neutron imaging and analysis withRITS code. The results indicated that this method
has the possibility to be a powerful tool for evaluation of the production process.
2. Experimental Methods and Results
The experiments were executed at BL10,NOBORU. We used Li-glass scintillation detector[2] (Fig. 1), which has cross section of 48 × 48 mm,channel number of 256 and spatial resolution of 3
mm. The pulsed neutron beam was divided in timeand measured for every 5us in each pixel, whichenables spectroscopic imaging with neutrons.
Test pieces of Ni-based alloy, one of the typicalmaterials used in aero engine parts, are shown in
Fig. 2. Both of them were forged by 80% with different forging speed, and have diameter of 50 mm andthickness of 7 mm. Also, α-iron was measured toestimate the flight length of the neutron beam as astandard with a known lattice constant. The time forirradiation was about 13 hours for test pieces, and10 hours for an open beam.

18

Research and Development Highlights

Figure 1. Picture of 256-channel Li-glass scintillation detector.

α-ironNi-base alloy(slow forged)

Ni-base alloy(fast forged)
Figure 2. Picture of the test pieces.

Figure 3 shows the dependency of neutron transmittance on neutron wavelength in some pixels of
the detector. Clear Bragg edges are shown and different edge shapes indicate different crystal structure. Then we applied RITS analysis to the spectrain every pixel, and evaluated the spatial distributionof crystal strain and anisotropy.
Figure 4 shows the spatial distributions of strain
and crystal anisotropy. There is no clear differencein the strain distribution, which is considered, because both samples have the same forge rate. On
the other hand, in the distribution of crystal anisotropy a slowly forged sample shows much moreanisotropy. It is assumed that in a slowly forgedsample the crystallite is more likely to be oriented toits preferable direction, which causes crystal anisotropy.

(a)

(b)
Strain 0.3%

isotropic

slowly forgedfast forged

Strain 0%

anisotropic

Figure 4.	Spatial distribution of strains (a) and crystal anisotropy (b) in Ni-based alloy evaluated with RITS
analysis.

In this study we discovered the potential of energy selective neutron radiography and RITS analysis
for process assessment or non-destructive inspection of Ni-based alloy. In the future we would like toverify these results by comparing them to the outcome of other experiments, which involve a different
method, detector or beam line.
Figure 3.	Neutron transmittance spectra of forged Ni-based
alloy on neutron wavelength ((a):fast forged,(b):slowly forged).

References[1]	H. Sato, T. Kamiyama, K. Iwase and Y. Kiyanagi,
Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A651 (2011) 216.
[2]	K. Iwase, K. Sakuma, T. Kamiyama and Y.
Kiyanagi, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A605 (2009) 1.

H. Nose1, T. Kamiyama2, H. Sato2, N. Kawaguchi3, and Y. Kiyanagi2
1
IHI Europe Ltd.; 2Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University; 3Advanced Applied Science Department, IHI Corporation

Research and Development Highlights

19

Time-resolved Neutron Imaging with Resonance Absorption
Reactions and Its Application in Computed Tomography

1. Introduction
Neutron resonance absorption techniques takeadvantage of the tendency of some nuclides topreferentially absorb neutrons at specific energies,
unique to each nuclide, for the non-destructive studyof isotopic density and temperature [1]. At a pulsed
neutron source, resonance absorption can be directly observed in the sample transmission, determinedfrom the ratio of neutron intensities with and without
the sample measured as a function of time-of-flight(TOF). Employing a detector with good spatial andtime resolutions allows the direct imaging of isotopic
density and temperature over an entire sample in asingle measurement and is suitable for computed tomography (CT).
To demonstrate such a resonance CT measurement, we have used our Micro PIxel Chamber(µPIC)-based neutron imaging detector [2,3], developed under the Quantum Beam Technology
Program, MEXT (Fig. 1). The detector consists ofa micro-pattern gaseous detector with 400 µm pitch
coupled with an all-digital, FPGA-based data acquisition system. Featuring 3D tracking and energy
measurement via time-over-threshold, it achieves
100 µm spatial resolution and ultra-low gamma sensitivity of <10-12, along with 0.6 µs time resolution,
18% efficiency for thermal neutrons (using 3He),
and ~Mcps rate capability.
The experiment was performed at NOBORU(BL10) [4] in December 2012. The detector was po-

Figure 1. Schematic of the µPIC detector.

20

Research and Development Highlights

sitioned at 14.5 m from the moderator, and the sample, consisting of Cu, Mo, W, Ag, and In rods with diameters of 2 to 6 mm, was placed on a goniometer
located at ~50 cm upstream of the detector (Fig. 2).
A rotary collimator was set to 10 × 10 mm2, and 50
mm Pb and 1 mm boron-silicate filters were used
to reduce the intensity of the T0 gamma flash andthe overlap neutrons, respectively. Measurements
were taken at 16 angles (11~17 × 106 neutrons perangle), with an additional ‘no-sample’ run.
2. Preliminary Results
Figure 3 shows the neutron transmission of thesample with resonance peaks for each element indicated. Figure 4 shows the preliminary CT images

Figure 2.	Experimental setup. (a) Sample on goniometerand (b) detector and sample from upstream beam
position are shown.

Figure 3.	Neutron transmission versus TOF. Several peaks
are labeled by element.

Figure 4.	Resonance CT. (a) Photo of sample from above, and (b—f) computed tomography images of the specific elements
indicated in each figure.

reconstructed using a simple filtered back-projection method. The indicated neutron TOF cuts, chosen to select resonances at 2039 and 579 eV (Cu),
45 eV (Mo), 19 eV (W), 5.2 eV (Ag), and 1.5 eV (In),clearly enhance the individual elements in each image. A more accurate analysis method using fits to
the known cross-sections is under development.

References[1]	H. Sato, T. Kamiyama and Y. Kiyanagi, Nucl.
Instr. and Meth. A 605 (2009) 36.
[2]	J.D. Parker et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 697(2013) 23.
[3]	J.D. Parker et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 726(2013) 155.
[4]	F. Maekawa et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 600(2009) 335.

J. D. Parker1, M. Harada2, K. Hattori1, S. Iwaki1, S. Kabuki1, Y. Kishimoto1, H. Kubo1, S. Kurosawa1, Y. Matsuoka1, K. Miuchi3,
T. Mizumoto1, H. Nishimura1, T. Oku4, T. Sawano1, T. Shinohara4, J. Suzuki5, A. Takada1, T. Tanimori1, and K. Ueno1
1
Department of Physics, Kyoto University; 2Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Department of
Physics, Kobe University; 4Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 5Neutron R&D Division, CROSSTokai

Research and Development Highlights

21

Two-Dimensional Focusing of Pulsed Neutron Beamwith Elliptic Supermirrors

1. Introduction
At spallation neutron sources, a focusing device
is required to accept and reflect wideband beamwith large divergence into small area with high efficiency and high signal-to-noise ratio. In order tomeet these demands, we developed focusing supermirrors with a large critical angle, high reflectivity, and low diffuse scattering[1], by using ion-beam
sputtering (IBS) technique, and with precise surface
figure of the focusing mirror by using the numerically controlled local wet etching (NC-LWE) process[2][3].
In this report, we have developed a two dimensional focusing device which is called KirkpatrickBaez mirror based on these cutting–edge technologies in order to enhance the q-resolution of neutron
experiments such as small angle neutron scattering (SANS), and space resolution such as prompt
gamma activation analysis (PGAA) and so on.
Even though this system was established in thefield of x-ray focusing experiments, it is very difficult to apply it to neutron experiments because theneutron intensity is several orders weaker than theadvanced synchrotron X-ray sources; to solve theproblem, large scale focusing mirrors with sub-micrometer figure shape and high performance supermirror are required to focus on a small target.

We have been developing ultra-precise focusing mirrors combining a high-performance neutron
supermirror and very precise surface figuring technique.
2. Mirror Fabrication
The elliptical KB mirror system is an aberration
free system, which consists of two total reflection elliptical mirrors. One is used for vertical focusing andthe other for horizontal focusing at separate positions.
Mirror substrates were prepared by figuring asurface of synthesized quartz glass into a planoelliptical shape using the NC-LWE process. The peakto-valley flatness was 1.33 μm over 400 × 50 mm.
The surface roughness was 0.202 nm rms.
NiC/Ti supermirrors were deposited using the
IBS method on the elliptic quartz surface. The neutron reflectivity was measured using the CHOP
beam port of JRR-3. The reflectivity of m = 4 supermirror reseaches ≃ 0.6 at the critical wavelength isalso a typical value.
3. Experimental setup and result
The focusing performance of the fabricated
KB supermirror system was evaluated at BL10NOBORU. Figure 1 shows a photograph of perfor-

Figure 1. A photograph of performance test of the KB system.

22

Research and Development Highlights

Figure 2. A KB system configuration.

Figure 3. 2-d profile of focused beam.

mance test of the KB system at BL10 NOBORU.
NOBORU provides a neutron beam of ≥ 3 Å. Figure 2
shows a conceptual diagram of the KB system. The
focal length of the ellipsoid is 2100 mm. The horizontal focusing mirror with m = 4 has a length of 400
mm. The vertical focusing mirror with m = 3 has alength of 100 mm. The two mirrors are set at separate positions. Reduction ratios of this system are
x1 for horizontal axis and x0.4 for vertical axis.
The virtual source was set using the pinhole slit
with 0.5 mm (H) and 1 mm (V) at the focal point
position. Focused beam shape was observed with
an imaging plate placed at 2100 mm after the virtual

focusing point. Figure 3 shows a result of the focusing test of the KB system. The focused beam area
is 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm in full width at half maximum,
almost reproducing the beam size determined by
the KB system.
References[1]	R. Maruyama, D. Yamazaki, T. Ebisawa, K.
Soyama, J. Appl. Phys. 105 (2009) 083527.
[2]	K. Yamamura, Ann. the CIRP 56/1 (2007) 541-4.
[3]	D. Yamazaki, et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 251(2010) 012076.

D. Yamazaki1, R. Maruyama1, H. Hayashida1, K. Soyama1, M. Nagano2, F. Yamaga2, and K. Yamamura2
1
Neutron Instrumentation Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University

Research and Development Highlights

23

Confirmation of Spin Gap Excitationsin the Spin-3/2 Substances RCrGeO5 (R = Y or 114Sm)

2. Results and Discussion
Excitations are apparent at 4.0 K in small Q regions in YCrGeO5 as shown in Fig. 1(a). The intensity decreases with increasing T. Most of the excitations are magnetic and indicate spin gap excitations. We obtained the intensity map in the q1D-ω
plane [Fig. 1(b)] from the data at 4.0 K using theconversion method [3]. Q1Dis the scattering vector
parallel to the spin chain andwhere dis the average distance of nearest-neighbor Cr-Cr(d = 2.84 Å). The intensity is the strongest at around
q1D = 0.5 as expected in the AF spin chains. The
white line showswhere v =20 meV and Δ = 10 meV (spin gap value). As shownin Fig. 1(c), the width of I(ω) at q1D = 0.5 is broader
than the resolution.
We also observed spin gap excitations in
154
SmCrGeO5. We obtained the intensity map

24

Research and Development Highlights

(a)

(b)

(c)
Intensity (arb. units)

1. Introduction
One important phenomenon in quantum spin
systems is the appearance of a spin-singlet groundstate with spin gap (singlet-triplet excitation). To understand this phenomenon properly, experimental
as well as theoretical investigations are necessary.
We know model substances when S = 1/2, 1 or 2.
Although a spin-singlet ground state with a spin
gap is possible in spin-3/2 systems such as antiferromagnetic (AF) alternating chains [1], there is nomodel substance with S = 3/2.
Spin-3/2 AF alternating chains of Cr3+ can be expected in RCrGeO5 (R = Y or rare earth) [2]. We
would like to prove that these substances have aspin-singlet ground state with spin gap. However,
we cannot prove it in magnetization results because of the rare earth or other magnetic phaseincluded in samples. Consequently, we performed
inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements on
RCrGeO5 (R = Y or 154Sm) powders to confirm thespin gap excitations. We used the High Resolution
Chopper (HRC) spectrometer at BL 12 in J-PARC.

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

0

10
ω (meV)

20

Figure 1.	(a) The intensity map in the Q-ω plane in YCrGeO5
at 4.0 K. The incident neutron energy is 51.1 meV.
(b) The intensity map in the q1D-ω plane obtainedusing the conversion method. (c) I(ω) at q1D = 0.5
obtained using Ei = 51.1 meV (red) and 46.1 meV(blue). The horizontal bars indicate the energy
resolution at ω = 0.

in the q1D-ω plane from the data at 7.8 K. The intensity is the strongest around q1D = 0.5 as expected in AF spin chains. The white line showswhere v = 15 meV and Δ =18 meV (spin gap value). I(ω) at q1D = 0.5 seems
resolution limited (not shown).

The dispersion relation of the lowest magnetic
excitations of YCrGeO5 (SmCrGeO5) is similar to
the theoretical dispersion relation δ = 0.75 (0.85)(not shown). We estimated J = 9 meV (10 meV) for
YCrGeO5 (SmCrGeO5)2 where the two exchange interaction parameters are defined as J1,2 = J(1±δ). To
our knowledge, RCrGeO5 is the first spin-3/2 substance showing a spin-singlet ground state with aspin gap.
References[1]	M. Yajima and M. Takahashi, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
65 (1996) 39.
[2]	R. V. Shpanchenko et al., J. Solid State Chem.
181 (2008) 2433.
[3]	K. Tomiyasu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 (2009)
092502.

Figure 2.	
The intensity map in the q1D-ω plane in
154
SmCrGeO5 at 7.8 K (d = 2.86 Å). The incident
neutron energy is 91.6 meV.

M. Hase1, M. Soda2, T. Masuda2, D. Kawana2,4, T. Yokoo3,4, S. Itoh3,4, and M. Kohno1
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS); 2The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The Univ. Tokyo; 3Neutron Science Section,
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 4Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

1

Research and Development Highlights

25

Neutron Brillouin Scattering Experiments on HRC

26

Research and Development Highlights

are aligned along the c*-axis. We measured thespin waves in a Nd2Fe1411B polycrystalline sample
at 300 K with Ei = 257 meV and ∆E = 5.7 meV. The
spin wave peak positions were determined in Fig.
2. The observed peak positions were on the dispersion curve along the c*-axis reported in the previous
experiment [5].
10

E (meV)

8
6
4
2
0
0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Figure 1.	Spin-wave dispersion curves for La0.8Sr0.2MnO3and SrRuO3 determined on the HRC. The solidlines are fitted curves. The dashed line is theupper boundary accessible with a conventional
spectrometer.

15

E (meV)On the High Resolution Chopper Spectrometer(HRC at BL12), the neutron Brillouin scattering(NBS) experiments became feasible by reducing
the background noise at low angles down to φ =0.5° [1]. NBS is the most promising way to observe
excitations in the forward direction from powders,
polycrystals, or liquids. Owing to the kinematicalconstraints of neutron spectroscopy, incident neutron energy (Ei) in sub-eV region with high resolution (∆E/Ei) at low scattering angles (φ) is necessary to measure scattering in the meV transferredenergy (E) range near (000).
First, an NBS experiment was performed toobserve spin waves in a polycrystalline sample ofa nearly-cubic perovskite, La0.8Sr0.2MnO3, (Curie
temperature: TC = 316 K), whose magnetic properties are well elucidated [2,3]. Figure 1 shows thedispersion relation of spin waves in La0.8Sr0.2MnO3
measured with Ei = 102 meV and ∆E = 2 meV. The
observed dispersion relations at 6 and 245 K were
well fitted to E = DQ2, where Q is the scattering vector. The D values obtained were 130 ± 13 and 88 ±2 meVÅ2 at 6 and 245 K, respectively. These values
are in good agreement with the results (D = 131 and89 meVÅ2 at 14 and 250 K, respectively) obtainedby the previous experiments using a single crystal[2,3]. Therefore, the feasibility of NBS experimentson the HRC was demonstrated [1].
Next, spin waves in a polycrystalline ferromagnet, SrRuO3 (TC = 165 K), were similarly measured.
This material also has a nearly-cubic perovskite
structure showing an anomalous Hall effect [4], but
a large single crystal suitable for inelastic neutron
scattering experiments has not yet been synthesized. The measurement was performed at 7 K with
Ei = 102 meV, and well-defined spin wave peaks
were observed. As shown in Fig. 1, the dispersion
relation of spin waves in SrRuO3 was well fitted to E
= E0 + DQ2 with an apparent energy gap E0 [1].
Nd2Fe14B is a well-known stong permanent magnet with TC = 580 K. At room temperature, all spins

10

5

0
0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Figure 2.	Spin wave dispersion relation of Nd2Fe1411B. The
solid line is the dispersion curve along the c-axis
determined using a single crystal sample [5].

Phononic excitations in a liquid D2O were measured at 300 K with Ei = 102 meV and ∆E = 2.0
meV. The observed spectra were well fitted with adamped harmonic oscillator scattering function andthe peak positions were determined, as shown in
Fig. 3. The observed peak positions down to Q =0.02 Å-1 were well fitted to E = cQ with c = 21.4 ± 0.2
meVÅ, which is equivalent to c = 3250 ± 30 m/s. The
observed sound velocity c was in good agreementwith that for the fast sound observed in the previous experiment with Ei = 80 meV and ∆E = 4.8 meVdown to Q = 0.035 Å-1 [6].

References[1]	S. Itoh et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2013)
043001.
[2]	Y. Endoh and K. Hirota, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 66(1997) 2264.
[3]	F. Moussa et al., Phys. Rev. B 76 (2007)
064403.
[4]	Z. Fang et al., Science 302 (2003) 92.
[5]	H. M. Mayer et al., J. Magn. Magn. Matter. 97(1991) 210.
[6]	J. Teixeira et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985)
2681.

20

E (meV)

15
10
5
0
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Figure 3.	Dispersion relation for phononic excitations, thefast sound, in D2O (closed circles). The open circles are previous results [6]. The solid line is a fitted line.

S. Itoh1,2, T. Yokoo1,2, D. Kawana3, Y. Kaneko4, Y. Tokura4,5, M. Fujita6, K. Yoshida7, K. Saito2, N. Inami2, Y. Takeichi2,
K. Ono2, and Y. Endoh2,4,6
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3The Institutefor Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo; 4RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter of Science; 5Department of Applied Physics, The
University of Tokyo; 6Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University; 7Department of Chemistry, Fukuoka University

Research and Development Highlights

27

Reentrant-Type Metal–Nonmetal Transition in Pr1-xCexRu4P12

1. Introduction
Rare-earth filled skutterudite compounds, which
crystallize in bcc symmetry, exhibit various properties associated with hybridization between f andconduction electrons [1]. The metal–nonmetal transition at TM-I = 63 K of PrRu4P12 was extensively
studied [2]. The nonmetallic phase below TM-I ischaracterized by the structural transition to sc symmetry with the wave vector q0 = (1, 0, 0) [3]. Neutron
scattering studies revealed the q0 alignment of two
inequivalent crystal-field (CF) level schemes of the
Pr-ion 4f 2 state: a singlet at Pr1 and a triplet at Pr2
at the lowest temperature [4, 5]. This phase transition was interpreted as CDW accompanied by the
antiferro-type ordering of an f-electron totally symmetric multipole [6, 7]. It is notable that a reentranttype phase transition is induced by substituting Rh
to Ru or Ce to Pr [8, 9]. The electrical resistivity increases once at TM-I ~ 45 K, and decreases below
approximately 10 K. The structural superlattice andthe antiferro-type alignment of the CF schemes are
expected to disappear.
In order to identify the electronic state, we measured the evolution of the CF scheme and the superlattice on the reentrant-type metal–nonmetaltransition of Pr1-xCexRu4P12, based on multi-probe
use of neutron and synchrotron X-ray.

PrRu4P12 at 44 K shown at the top of Fig. 1. It isnotable that the spectra at 10 K for x = 0.15 is similar to those at 44 K for the less-Ce concentration.
Thus, the ground state for Pr2 site is quasi four-folddegeneracy of the singlet (Γ1) and the triplet (Γ4(2)).
Figure 2 shows the X-ray superlattice diffraction
profile at Q = (1, 1, 1) for x = 0.15 at 9.1 K (red circles). This is considerably broader than the resolution (broken black line). The superlattice structure in
the Ce-substituted system is characterized by shortcorrelation length.

Figure 1.	INS spectra for x = 0.05 at 44 K and x = 0.15 for 10
K, together with the CF scheme in the pure material (top).

2. Experimental Procedure
Samples were synthesized by the Sn-flux method. We measured the CF level schemes by using ahigh-resolution chopper neutron spectrometer HRC
at BL12 in MLF J-PARC. High-resolution X-ray diffraction was performed on a four-circle diffractometer at BL-3A in the Photon Factory of KEK, Tsukuba.
3. Results
Figure 1 shows inelastic neutron scattering (INS)spectra at 44 K for x = 0.05 and at 10 K for x = 0.15.
The x = 0.05 system does not undergo the reentrant
transition, and exhibits the similar CF schemes as

28

Research and Development Highlights

Figure 2.	X-ray superlattice reflection for x = 0.15 at 9.1 K (redcircles). Broken line shows resolution. Abscissa is
the reduced wave vector along the [1 -1 0] direction.

4. Discussion
The degeneracy of the CF ground state in the Cesubstituted system is enhanced with a decrease intemperature, and gives rise to the strong fluctuationof 4f electrons in the antiferro-type ordered phase.
The fluctuation produces a short-range superlattice structure, which indicates that the nonmetallic
ordered phase becomes unstable with decreasing
temperature. The reentrant-type behavior may also
be associated with carrier doping to the CDW state
due to the atomic substitution.
References[1]	H. Sato, H. Sugawara, Y. Aoki, and H. Harima,
Handbook of Magnetic Materials, ed. K. H. J.
Buschow (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 2009)Vol. 18, p. 1.
[2]	C. Sekine, T. Uchiumi, I. Shirotani, and T. Yagi,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 3218.
[3]	C. H. Lee, H. Matsuhata, H. Yamaguchi, C.

Sekine, K. Kihou, T. Suzuki, T. Noro, and I.
Shirotani, Phys. Rev. B 70 (2004) 153105.
[4]	K. Iwasa, L. Hao, K. Kuwahara, M. Kohgi, S.
R. Saha, H. Sugawara, Y. Aoki, H. Sato, T.
Tayama, and T. Sakakibara, Phys. Rev. B 72
(2005) 024414.
[5]	K. Iwasa, L. Hao, T. Hasegawa, T. Takagi, K.
Horiuchi, Y. Mori, Y. Murakami, K. Kuwahara,
M. Kohgi, H. Sugawara, S. R. Saha, Y. Aoki,
and H. Sato, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74 (2005) 1930.
[6]	Y. Kuramoto, J. Otsuki, A. Kiss, and H.
Kusunose, Proc. Theo. Phys. Suppl. 160(2005) 134.
[7]	T. Takimoto, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75 (2006)
034714.
[8]	C. Sekine, N. Hoshi, I. Shirotani, K. Matsuhira,M. Wakeshima, and Y. Hinatsu, Physica B 378–
380 (2006) 211.
[9]	C. Sekine, M. Takusari, and T. Yagi, J. Phys.
Soc. Jpn. 80 (2011) SA024.

K. Iwasa1, T. Sato1, K. Saito1, H. Nakao2, Y. Murakami2, S. Itoh2,3, T. Yokoo2,3, and D. Kawana2
Department of Physics, Tohoku University; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life
Science Division, J-PARC Center1

Research and Development Highlights

29

Spin Waves in the Ferromagnetic Phase of MnPAn intermetallic compound, MnP, is ferromagnetic below 292.6 K, and transforms into a properscrew spiral phase at 46.2 K. In the ferromagnetic
phase, the easy axis of the magnetization is thec* axis and the hardest one is the a* axis. In theproper screw spiral phase, the spin rotates in theb*-c* plane with a propagation vector of 0.117a*.
Early inelastic neutron scattering studies suggested
that the proper screw spiral phase is caused by adelicate balance between exchange interactions [1],and also reported that the spin wave dispersion relation in the ferromagnetic phase exhibits an unusual q3 law along the a* axis, while the conventional q2
law was observed along the b* and c* axes [2].
It is essential to determine the spin dynamics inthe entire Brillouin zone, in order to elucidate the microscopic origin of magnetism of MnP. As a first stepin this study, we determined the spin wave dispersion relations in the ferromagnetic phase, by using
HRC at J-PARC as well as LTAS, TOPAN, TAS-1
at JRR-3M [3]. Figure 1 shows the observed peak
positions of spin waves at 60 K.
The Mn lattice in MnP deviates from a primitive
orthorhombic lattice with displacement parameters

(b)

(a)
HRC
LTAS
TOPAN
TAS-1

E (meV)

60

40

(c)
present fit
3
q dependence
5

E (meV)80u and v along the a and b axes, respectively, andtherefore the unit cell includes four Mn sites. Sincev is negligibly small, the Mn lattice can be approximately divided into two sub-lattices. We consider
an isotropic Heisenberg interaction adding a single
ion anisotropy for two sub-lattices. We took into account the exchange interactions between Mn pairs
up to the 6th neighbors [3,4]. The observed peak
positions of spin waves were well described by thismodel, as shown in Fig.1.
By using the HRC, spin waves were observedin a wide energy momentum space near the zone
boundary. In the calculation, the acoustic and optical modes are separated from each other along thea* axis. Along the b* axis, these two modes resonate with each other at around k = 0.2 rlu (reciprocallattice unit) and switch roles, but the two modes are
not crossed. Observed spin wave peak positions
are well explained by the two modes. In fact, two
spin wave peaks were clearly observed at h = 0.5
rlu on the TAS-1. As shown in Fig. 1 (c), the low
energy part in the a* axis for the presently-improved
dispersion relation obtained by the LTAS was also
well fitted to the present model, where the calcu-

20

0
1

k (rlu)0 0

h (rlu)10
0.0

h (rlu)0.5

Figure 1.	Dispersion relation of spin waves in the ferromagnetic phase of MnP along the a* (a) and b* axes (b), with calculated
curves, acoustic (solid line) and optical (dashed line) modes. The bars on the marks represent statistical errors along
the scan directions. Low energy part along the a* axis (c), where the dotted line is a result of the previous study [2].

30Research and Development Highlights

lated dispersion curve along the a* axis shows aminimum at around h = 0.14 rlu. This complicatedq dependence is caused by the displacement parameter u, in fact, the minimum disappeared for u= 0. The peak positions observed on the TOPAN, inwhich condition was almost identical to that for theprevious study [2], showed the q3 dependence. The
q3 dependence might be a resolution effect.
In summary, we successfully observed spinwaves in the ferromagnetic phase of MnP along thea* and b* axes in the entire Brillouin zone. The dispersion relations were well described by a simple
model which consists of an isotropic Heisenberg
interaction adding a single ion anisotropy with two
sub-lattices. The low energy part for the a* axis
was improved by high resolution experiments, andthe anomalous dispersion relation was found to becaused by an atomic displacement from the primitive lattice. The recent structural study suggested

the existence of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moria interaction [5]. Further investigations with inelastic neutron
scattering experiments are required to solve such aproblem.
References[1]	K. Tajima, Y. Ishikawa, and H. Obara, J. Magn.
Magn. Mater. 15-18 (1980) 373.
[2]	Y. Todate, K. Yamada, Y. Endoh, and Y.
Ishikawa, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 56 (1987) 36.
[3]	S. Yano, S. Itoh, T. Yokoo, S. Satoh, D. Kawana,
Y. Kousaka, J. Akimitsu, Y. Endoh, J. Magn.
Magn. Matter. 347 (2013) 33.
[4]	S. Takeuchi and K. Motizuki, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
24 (1967) 742.
[5]	T. Yamazaki, Y. Tabata, T. Waki, T. J. Sato, M.
Matsuura, K. Ohoyama, M. Yokoyama, and H.
Nakamura, arXiv:1106.4599v2 (2011).

S. Yano1, S. Itoh2,3, T. Yokoo2,3, S. Satoh3, D. Kawana3, Y. Kousaka1, J. Akimitsu1, and Y. Endoh3,4Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC
Center; 3Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 4Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University

1

Research and Development Highlights

31

Dynamical Properties of Low-Dimensional Quantum
Spin Systems

1. Introduction
Quantum spin systems exhibit many interesting phenomena due to the quantum fluctuations ofspins. In particular, the interplay between the physical degrees of freedom in strongly correlated electron systems, particularly in quantum systems suchas high-Tc superconductivity has attracted the condensed matter physics.
2. TiOBr
In a recent discovery of a new type of spin-Peierls system TiOX (X: Cl, Br), the cooperation between lattice, spin and orbital plays a significant role
to realize the one-dimensional (1D) quantum spincorrelations [1]. It has been revealed in TiOX, showing exotic structural and magnetic properties suchas successive phase transitions, 1D nature associated with orbital ordering of Ti atoms and super-lattice reflections being related to the Peierls instability[2]. In the 2D layered material, it is pointed out thatas a result only from an arrangement of Ti dxy orbital,
1D spin chains and the spin-Peierls transition will
be formed. The orbital of dxy possibly orders alongb direction through Ti-Ti direct coupling. It has been
demonstrated that TiOBr also exhibits two successive phase transitions similar to TiOCl at Tc1 = 27 K
and Tc2 = 47 K [3]. An ESR study has shown a possibility of the formation of 1D chains along the b-axis,
and a strong one-dimensionality with J = 660 K by
direct-exchange and super-exchange interactions
between Ti atoms due to an ordering of dxy orbital[2]. However, the direct evidence of spin-Peierls
transition, namely, the observation of the spin gap
excitations has not been reported yet.
In the previous report [4], the spin gap energy
was expected to be in the energy range of 10-40
meV. Since in this range energy is very contaminated by phonons, the data interpretation requires
much more attention. Our typical inelastic result isshown in Fig. 1. Almost no signals are observed
except for Al phonons and background. We also

32

Research and Development Highlights

Figure 1. Powder avaraged S(Q,ω).

surveyed low energy range for low-lying brancheswith much better energy resolution. At the magnetic
zone center Q = 0.9 Å, no magnetic signals were
found. It is currentely unclear where the spin signalsare.
3. Nd2BaNiO5
Despite the three decades that have passed
since Haldane’s prediction on a 1D Heisenberg
chain with integer spin, much attention is still paid
on its research [5]. The spin gap has originated froman energy separation between the singlet groundstate and the triplet first excited state. Inorganic
nickelate Y2BaNiO5 was found to be a good candidate for a Haldane system with a spin gap of 10
meV [6]. In contrast, R2BaNiO5 (R: magnetic rareearths) has been known as a classical antiferromagnet (AF) showing 3D long range magnetic ordering at low temperature [7]. However, the inelastic
neutron scattering experiments revealed the existence of spin gap [8].
Another item of interest in the transition metal
chain oxides is the doping of carriers, which yields

Figure 2. Observed dynamical structures in (Nd,Ca)2BaNiO5. Both below Neel temperature (a) and above Neel temperature (b).

phenomena ranging from strongly renormalized
Fermi liquid behavior to high-temperature superconductivity. In view of the enhanced quantum fluctuations in 1D systems, doping of transition metal
chains could well lead to equally surprising discoveries. R2BaNiO5 is a charge transfer insulator andsome amount of hole carriers are successfully introduced primarily on oxygen sites by replacing a partof the off-chain Y3+ by Ca2+ [9]. Figure 2 shows theobtained dynamical structures S(Q,ω) at T = 7.8 K(well below TN = 38 K) and T = 50 K (above TN) are
shown. Intense crystal field excitations of Nd3+ ionslie at E = 24 meV and 38 meV. The site symmetry of
Nd3+ in Nd2BaNiO5 is sufficiently low to split the tenfold degenerate J = 9/2 multiplet into five Kramers
doublets. Excellent dispersion relations for the Ni
1D chain are observed at both temperatures. The
minima of the dispersion observed at the magnetic
zone center (MZC), H = 0.5, 1.5 and even 2.5, occur where magnetic scattering intensity gets weakbecause of the magnetic form factor and phonon
scattering is dominant in this high-Q region. At low
temperature, the magnon band width reaches 60
meV with a somewhat large gap energy of ∆ = 20
meV. Also, a flat band lying at E = 65 meV corresponding to a phonon or magnon optical branch
was observed. At T = 50 K, the gap is closed andthe spectral weight at the zone boundary is slightly
shifted with respect to the MZC. The boundary energy is almost similar under both temperatures. The

low incident energy experiments revealed that aweak excitation at the MZC (H = 0.5) has appeared
as a result of a hole doping (not shown here). The
marked changes are taking place at T = 5 K. The 1D
chain dispersion with the Haldane gap almost completely disappears around the MZC. Still, weak signals remain at around 10 meV and below 10 meV.
Also, a flat localized excitation newly appears at 4
meV. In this mixed-spin system, the Haldane gap isknown to rapidly increase in energy under the effective staggered magnetic field. The 3D magnetic correlation of Ni2+ ions via rare earth (Nd3+) ions is welldeveloped at a low temperature. Therefore, the gap
is effectively diminishing. Completely flat dispersion
is found in this experiment. This appears only below
the 3D magnetic ordering temperature, and developed as a magnetization order parameter possibly
related to the Nd spins.
References[1]	
R. J. Beynon and J. A. Wilson, J. Phys.
Condens Matt. 5 (1993) 1983.; A. Seidel, C. A.
Marianetti, F. C. Chou, G. Ceder and P. A. Lee,
Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003) 020405(R).; V. Kataev,
J. Baier, A. Moller, L. Jongen, G. Meyer and A.
Freimuth, Phys. Rev. B 68 (2003) 140405(R).
[2]	M. Shaz, S. van Smaalen, L. Palatinus, M.
Hoinkis, M. Klemm, S. Horn and R. Claessen,
Phys. Rev. B 71 (2005) 100405(R).; C. Kato,
Y. Kobayashi and M. Sato, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.

Research and Development Highlights

33

74 (2005) 473.; S. van Smaalen, L. Palatinus
and A. Schonleber, Phys. Rev. B 72 (2005)
020105(R).; T. Sasaki, M. Mizumaki, K. Kato,
Y. Watabe, Y. Nishihata, M. Takata and J.
Akimitsu, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74 (2005) 2185.
[3]	T. Sasaki, M. Mizumaki, T. Nagai, T. Asaoka,
K. Kato, M. Takata, Y. Matsui and J. Akimitsu,
unpublished.
[4]	J. P. Clancy, B. D. Gaulin, C. P. Adams, G. E.
Granroth, A. I. Kolesnikov, T. E. Sherline and F.
C. Chou, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011) 117401.;
T. Yokoo, S. Itoh, F. Trouw, A. Llobet-Megias

and J. Akimitsu, J. Phys. Conf. Series to be
published.
[5]	F.D.M. Haldane, Phys. Lett. 93 (1983) 464.
[6]	T. Yokoo, T. Sakaguchi, K. Kakurai and J.
Akimitsu, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 64 (1995) 3651.
[7]	V. Sachan, D.J. Buttrey, J.M. Tranquada and G.
Shirane, Phys. Rev. B 49 (1994) 9658.
[8]	A. Zheludev, J.M. Tranquada, T. Vogt and D.J.
Buttrey, Phys. Rev. B 54 (1996) 7210.
[9]	J.F. DiTusa, S.W. Cheong, J.H. Park, G. Aeppli,
C. Broholm and C.T. Chen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73(1994) 1857.

T. Yokoo1,2, S. Itoh1,2, D. Kawana3, H. Yoshizawa3, and J. Akimitsu4
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3The Institue
for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo; 4Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University

34

Research and Development Highlights

Temperature and Element Substitution Effects on Magnetic
Excitations in the Triangular-Lattice Antiferromagnet CuCrO2

A two-dimensional (2D) triangular-lattice antiferromagnet (TLA) is a typical example of the geometrically frustrated antiferromagnets, in which anovel spin state is expected to originate from competing magnetic interactions and low dimensionality. However, real materials have finite magnetic interactions between triangular-lattice planes, whichusually cause three-dimensional (3D) spin ordering at a low temperature. A reduction in the level ofinterplanar interaction is a key to realizing a novel
spin state.
The delafossite oxide CuCrO2 is one of the 2D
TLAs. In this compound, S = 3/2 spins of Cr3+ (3d3)ions form a 2D triangular lattice. Cr layers are separated from each other by Cu layers. Due to finite
inter-layer couplings, the compound shows a 3D
magnetic ordering below the magnetic ordering
temperature TN. Recently, however, a study of magnetic specific heat (Cmag) in Cu1−xAgxCrO2 revealed

that the low-energy magnetic excitations become
more 2D as the substitution of a Cu+ ion (3d10) by aAg+ ion (4d10) increases, and suggested the appearance of some unconventional spin fluctuations [1].
To elucidate the low-energy magnetic excitations, we have performed inelastic neutron scattering measurements on powder samples of CuCrO2(TN = 24 K) and Cu0.85Ag0.15CrO2 (TN = 14 K). By close
investigation of the temperature (T) dependence ofthe magnetic excitation spectra in CuCrO2 and thecomparison of the two compounds, we found thatboth T and Ag doping change the characteristics
of magnetic excitations and induce unconventional
low-energy magnetic excitations [2].
Figure 1 shows the Q-E (momentum transferenergy transfer) maps of the excitation spectra for
CuCrO2 at 6 K and 25 K, and for Cu0.85Ag0.15CrO2 at
5 K. CuCrO2 shows well defined magnetic excitations at 6 K [Fig. 1(a)]. They consist of two kinds ofFigure 1.	Excitation spectra for CuCrO2 at (a) 6 and (b) 25 K, and for Cu0.85Ag0.15CrO2 at (c) 5 K. The utilized incident energy (Ei)is 15 meV.

Research and Development Highlights

35

20
Cu0.85Ag0.15CrO2 5K
CuCrO2 25K
CuCrO2 6K

Intensity (arb. units)

32

16
12

0.8<E<1.2 meV

8

24

4

16

0

Intensity (arb. units)

components: one is a steep dispersive component
at Q ~ 1.4 Å−1 ~ Qm, where Qm ~ (1/3,1/3,0) is thewave vector of the magnetic ordering. The other is aless dispersive component (flat component) at E ~ 5
meV spreading over a wide Q range. They are consistent with the spin wave excitations observed in asingle crystal [3]. With increasing T to 25 K (~TN),the dispersive component becomes broad and intense, while the flat component is more suppressed[Fig. 1(b)]. In contrast, Cu0.85Ag0.15CrO2 has almost
no flat component at 5 K [Fig. 1(c)]. The dispersive
component is clearly observed as CuCrO2, but it isdiffusive compared with CuCrO2. Interestingly, theexcitation spectrum of Cu0.85Ag0.15CrO2 at 5 K withthese features resembles that of CuCrO2 at ~TN.
Then, to characterize the similarity in the excitation spectrum between the two compounds in detail, we investigated the Q profiles of the low-energy
excitation spectra. Figure 2 shows the Q profiles ofthe spectra at E = 1 meV for CuCrO2 at 6 K and 25
K, and for Cu0.85Ag0.15CrO2 at 5 K. The spectrum of
CuCrO2 at 6 K consists of a single skewed peak at
Qm. However, that at 25 K has a diffuse component(the shaded area in Fig. 2) spreading over a wide
range of Q in addition to the sharper peak at Qm. On
the other hand, the spectrum of Cu0.85Ag0.15CrO2 also
shows the diffuse component even at 5 K (the open
circles in Fig. 2), which again proves the similarity inthe magnetic excitation to CuCrO2 at ~TN. We analyzed the T dependence of the Q profile of CuCrO2(not shown), and found that the diffuse componentis almost zero at the lowest T, but monotonically increases as a function of T without any change at TN.
The T dependence suggests that the origin of the
diffuse component is different from the spin wave
excitations.
After comparing the results shown in Figs.
1 and 2, we concluded that the ground state of

8
0

0.5

1

1.5

Q (Å-1)

2

Figure 2.	Constant-E cuts of the spectra of CuCrO2 (6 K and
25 K) and Cu0.85Ag0.15CrO2 (5 K) at E = 1±0.2 meV.
The utilized Ei is 4.7 meV. The solid lines indicate
fits to two Warren functions (dotted and dot-dashedlines) and a constant background (dashed lines).

Cu0.85Ag0.15CrO2 is very similar to that of CuCrO2 at T
~ TN. The most distinct finding is the appearance ofthe diffuse component in the low-energy magnetic
excitations when the two-dimensionality of the system is enhanced either by element substitution orelevating temperature. It must be the origin of the2D unconventional low-energy magnetic excitations
suggested by Cmag. The investigation of the microscopic origin is under way.
References[1]	T. Okuda et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78 (2009)013604.
[2]	R. Kajimoto et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 (2010)
123705; J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2013) 054702.
[3]	M. Frontzek et al., Phys. Rev. B 84 (2011)094448.

R. Kajimoto1, K. Nakajima2, S. Ohira-Kawamura2, Y. Inamura2, K. Kakurai3, M. Arai2, T. Hokazono4, S. Oozono4,
and T. Okuda4
1
Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Quantum Beam
Science Directorate, JAEA; 4Department of Nano-Structures and Advanced Materials, Kagoshima University

36

Research and Development Highlights

Chiral Magnetic Soliton Lattice in MnSi

Chirality is one of the most fundamental building
blocks of nature, ranging from nano and biosciences
to cosmic sciences. Therefore, it is very important
to investigate the chirality in molecules, crystals andmagnetic structures. Recently, the interplay between
crystallographic and magnetic chiralities has beena focus of attention because the nature of a helimagnetic structure depends on the chiral crystalline
structure that allows Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction [1, 2]. Kishine et al. theoretically proposedthat the chiral helimagnetic compounds can exhibit
a new giant magnetoresistance effect due to theformation of a chiral magnetic soliton lattice [3, 4].
Under an applied field perpendicular to the helicalaxis in Cr1/3NbS2, the chiral magnetic soliton lattice
was observed by means of Lorentz microscopy [5].
An intermetallic compound MnSi has B20 typechiral crystal structure with a cubic space group of
P213, and is known as one of the unique examples ofleft-handed crystal structure formation, and the helimagnetic chirality follows the crystalline chirality [6,7]. This compound forms helimangetic ordering withthe magnetic propagation vector kmag = (δ,δ,δ). Dueto its cubic symmetry, it has several helimagnetic domains along the [1,1,1] direction and its equivalentdirections like the [1,1,-1]. With increasing amplitudeof an applied magnetic field parallel to one of the helical axis, the population of the helimagnetic domain
parallel to the field increases, and that of the otherhelimagnetic domain declines. It finally forms only
one helimagnetic domain [8]. A topological magnetic
texture as skyrmion lattice appears in the single-domain helimagnetic phases just below TC [9]. We report here that MnSi forms the chiral magnetic soliton
lattice in the multi-domain phase.
Polarized small angle neutron diffraction experiments were performed at BL15 (TAIKAN) in MLF of
J-PARC. The experimental condition was 3 K under
an applied magnetic field along the [1,1,1] direction,
which was parallel to one of the helical axes. The
data was collected in the multi-domain helimagnetic phase. A spin flipper reversed the incident
up-spin neutrons along the [1,1,1] to the down-spin
neutrons along the [-1,-1,-1]. As the neutron wave
vector k0 was parallel to the [-1,1,0] direction, magnetic reflections along the [1,1,1] and [1,1,-1] can

4

4

10

(a)

10

H // [1,1,1]
T = 3.0 K

H // [1,1,1]
T = 3.0 K

1000
Intensity [arb. unit]

1000
Intensity [arb. unit]

(b)

100
10
P // [1,1,1]

1

0

P // [-1,-1,-1]
0(+q,+q,+q)

0.1
0.02 0.04 0.06

0.08

0.1
-1

Q [A ]

0.12 0.14

100(+2q,+2q,-2q)

10
P // [1,1,1]

1

0

P // [-1,-1,-1](+q,+q,-q)0

0.1
0.02 0.04 0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12 0.14-1

Q [A ]

Figure 1. Reciprocal line profiles along (a) the [1,1,1] and (b) the [1,1,-1] directions.

Research and Development Highlights37be observed at the detector. Figure 1 shows reciprocal line profiles described in Q-space along the[1,1,1] and [1,1,-1] direction. Both profiles observed
helimagnetic satellite peaks indexed as (δ,δ,δ) and(δ,δ,-δ). The result indicates the coexistence of thehelimagnetic domains with the helical axes along the[1,1,1] and [1,1,-1]. While there was no higher harmonics along the [1,1,1], a magnetic peak indexedas (2δ,2δ,-2δ) was observed along the [1,1,-1]. Byevaluating the difference in these magnetic peakintensities between the up- and down-spin incident
neutrons, it was well described by the left-handed
incommensurate magnetic structures. Therefore,
the higher-order satellite peak at (2δ,2δ,-2δ) was
due to the formation of the chiral soliton lattice.
References[1]	I. E. Dzyaloshinskii: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 4(1958) 241.

[2]	T. Moriya: Phys. Rev. 120 (1960) 91.
[3]	
J. Kishine, K. Inoue, and Y. Yoshida: Prog.
Theor. Phys. Suppl. 159 (2005) 82.
[4]	
J. Kishine, I. Proskurin, and A. Ovchinnikov:
Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011) 017205.
[5]	Y. Togawa, T. Koyama, K. Takayanagi, S. Mori,
Y. Kousaka, J. Akimitsu, S. Nishihara, K. Inoue,
A. Ovchinnikov, and J. Kishine: Phys. Rev. Lett.
108 (2012) 107202.
[6]	M. Tanaka, H. Takayoshi, M. Ishida, and Y.
Endoh: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 54 (1985) 2970.
[7]	M. Ishida, Y. Endoh, S. Mitsuda, Y. Ishikawa,and M. Tanaka: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 54 (1985)
2975.
[8]	Y. Ishikawa, K. Tajima, D. Bloch, and M. Roth:
Solid State Commun. 19 (1976) 525.
[9]	S. Muhlbauer, B. Binz, F. Jonietz, C. Pfleiderer,
A. Rosch, A. Neubauer, R. Georgii, and P. Böni:
Science 323 (2009) 915.

Y. Kousaka1, N. Ikeda1, J. Akimitsu1, K. Ohishi2, and J. Suzuki2
Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama-Gakuin University; 2Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai

138

Research and Development Highlights

Adsorption of Water into DN-gels with Hierarchical Structure

1. Introduction
Soft matter has a hierarchical structure on thescale of angstroms up to macroscale. Additionally it
is known that physical properties of soft matter are
greatly influenced by water. Hydrogels are good materials to study the effect of water adsorption because
they contain an abundance of water. In fact, most hydrogels, which have a 3-D polymer network, can adsorb more than 90 wt% of water. Nevertheless, mosthydrogels are composed of 90 wt% water, whichmeans only 10 wt% of the polymer network governs
its mechanical properties. Although there are a number of studies on water in hydrogels, there is little experimental study on water near the polymer network.
Double-network hydrogels (DN-gels) [1,2] arehydrophilic synthetic polymer gels that have highmechanical strength equivalent to cartilage. Several
studies on polymer networks of DN-gels have been
conducted using small-angle neutron scattering(SANS) [3,4,5] so far, however, it was not determined how water molecules are adsorbed into thepolymer network.
In this study, we performed SANS measurements to investigate the humidity dependence ofthe nanoscale structure of the freeze-dried DN-gels(DN-polymers) in order to clarify the mutual relationship between a polymer network and water.
2. Experiments
The DN-gels made by 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt and acrylamide were
freeze-dried (DN-polymers) [6]. The DN-polymers
were placed in a dry state to remove light water.
After the drying process, heavy water vapors wereintroduced into the system for more than an hour togenerate certain relative humidity (RH). The SANS
measurements were performed on TAIKAN (BL15).
3. Results
The SANS profiles of the DN-polymers undervarious RH conditions are shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 1.	SANS profiles obtained from the DN-polymers
under different humidity conditions. The RH is 0%(Black), 23% (Red), 40% (Orange), 68% (Green),
and 79% (Blue).

The intensity below q = 2 × 10−2 Å−1 increases withincreasing RH. The power law behavior is observed inthis q-range with an exponent of approximately −3.1
for all RH conditions. SANS intensities would originate
from the nanoscale interfaces of polymer networks.
In order to clarify the effect of water adsorption
on the SANS profiles, those measured between
23% RH and 79% RH were divided by the profile
measured at 0% RH as shown in Fig. 2. The scaled
intensity increases with increasing RH below q ≈ 8 ×
10−2 Å−1. When the RH is less than 68%, the scaled
intensity does not change above q = 8 × 10−2 Å−1,
but when it is more than 68%, the scaled intensity
decreases with increasing RH.
The adsorption behavior of water molecules in
the polymer network of the DN-polymers could beinterpreted as follows: There is no change in thepolymer network structure larger than d (= 2π/q)= 200 Å. Below 79% RH, water molecules adsorb
onto a larger polymer structure than a mesh size
scale, which is greater than 80 Å, in the dry stateof the DN-polymers. When the RH is 68%–79%,

Research and Development Highlights

39

water molecules adsorb not only on the large polymer structure but also on internal structures such as
polymer segments that are smaller than the meshsize. We are currently analyzing the SANS results.
Acknowledgments
This study was performed under the following
project in the MLF: Structure and dynamics of watermolecules in soft matters (2012P0401, 2013P0401).
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (No.
25810131).

Figure 2.	The relative SANS profile divided by the SANS
profile measured at 0% RH. The relative humidity
is 23%. The RH is 0% (Black), 23% (Red), 40%(Orange), 68% (Green), and 79% (Blue).

References[1]	J.P. Gong et al., Adv. Mater. 15 (2003) 1155.
[2]	J.P. Gong Soft Matter 6 (2012) 2583.
[3]	T. Tominaga et al., Polymer 48 (2007) 7449.
[4]	Taiki Tominaga et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 112(2007) 3903.
[5]	V. R Tirumala et al., J. Phys.Chem. B 112(2008) 8024.
[6]	T. Tominaga et al., ACS Macro Lett. 1 (2012) 432.

T. Tominaga1, S. Takata1, J. Suzuki2, K. Aizawa1, H. Seto1,3, and M. Arai1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai; 3Institute of Materials
Structure Science, KEK
1

40

Research and Development Highlights

Dewetting Process of Deuterated Polystyrene and Poly
(vinyl methyl ether) Blend Thin Films via Phase Separation

Dewetting of polymer thin film is a key issue
in many industrial fields such as coatings, adhesives, lubrications, and so on. For understanding
the dewetting mechanism of such polymer films,
the capillary wave and density fluctuations havereceived considerable attention because they play
an important role in the dewetting process of thepolymer thin films. In the case of two component
films such as polymer blend, much attention is also

Figure 1.	Time evolution of specular NR profiles during thedewetting process.

paid to the phase separation between the polymers
because of its important role that affects dewetting.
In this study, we investigated the structural development in the dewetting process of deuterated polystyrene (dPS) and poly (vinyl methyl ether) (PVME)
thin films by complementary use of time-resolved
specular and off-specular neutron reflectivity (NR),specular X-ray reflectivity (XR), light scattering (LS)and optical microscopy (OM) measurements [1].
Figure 1 shows the time evolution of specular NR
profiles during the dewetting process using SOFIA
reflectometer in J-PARC/MLF [2-4]. In the earlystage, the profiles can be explained with a 3-layers model, in which PVME-rich layers exist on top
and bottom. According to XR measurement (datanot shown), the roughness of the top surface, thatis air/polymer interface, keeps constant before thedewetting. On the other hand, NR results indicatethat the interfacial roughness between each polymer layer gradually increases with time even before
the dewetting. This implies that the phase separation between the polymers proceeds during the incubation period and makes the interfaces rough.
Next, we observed the time evolution of in-planestructure by OM, LS, and off-specular NR measurements. Figure 2 shows the obtained OM images andFigure 2. Time evolution of optical microscope images and off-specular NR profiles during the dewetting process.

Research and Development Highlights

41

off-specular NR profiles. No structural change wasobserved before the dewetting by OM as XR measurements; however, off-specular NR profiles showa characteristic peak not only after but also before
the dewetting. This peak was observed by the LS
measurements in the same Qy-position (data notshown) only after the dewetting. Therefore, we canconclude that composition fluctuations with micrometer scale in the in-plane direction occurred before
the dewetting. This indicates that the phase separation of the polymer blend grew up with the annealing

time, and the composition fluctuation caused by thephase separation induces the dewetting.
References[1]	T. Xia et al., Macromolecules 46 (2013) 4540.
[2]	K. Mitamura et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 272(2011) 012017.
[3]	N. L. Yamada et al., Euro. Phys. J. Plus 126(2011) 108.
[4]	K. Mitamura et al., Polymer J. 45 (2013) 117.

T. Xia1,2, H. Ogawa3, R. Inoue2, K. Nishida2, N. L. Yamada4,5, G. Li1, and T. Kanaya2
College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University; 2Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University; 3Japan Synchrotron
Radiation Research Institute; 4Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 5Institute of Materials Structure
Science, KEK

1

42

Research and Development Highlights

Development of Piezo-Based Low Temperature 2-Axes
Goniometer System

1. Introduction
Single crystal diffraction experiments require rotation of a crystal in order to have access to arbitrary
points in the reciprocal lattice space. A typical instrument to fulfill this demand is a four-circle goniometerequipped with χ, ϕ and ω stages. In the usual lowtemperature setup, a whole cryostat is mounted onto
the goniometer since a standard stepper motor does
not work inside vacuum and at low temperature. This
setup causes two difficulties. First, in order to rotate
the sample, including the cryostat, a relatively large
goniometer with high load capacity is required. The
other one is that it is not possible to avoid the intense
direct beam hitting radiation shields of the cryostat,which results in higher background. In order to overcome these difficulties, we developed a goniometerthat works inside the cryostat. This is achieved withthe help of the recent technical development in piezo
devices which enables us to make movements evenat dilution temperature with small stages. We usedthe developed goniometer in the new single crystal
time-of-flight neutron Laue diffractometer SENJU at
BL18 of J-PARC[1].
2. Design of the goniometer
The goniometer consists of two rotatable axes tocover the entire reciprocal space on SENJU. A photo of the goniometer is shown in Fig. 1. The piezobased rotators used in this system were made by
Attocube Systems AG (Germany). The ω stage isdirectly attached to the cold finger of the standard
closed-circle refrigerator. The ϕ stage is mounted
on the fixed-χ (45˚) arm. In order to adjust the sample position with respect to the beam center, the XY
stage with the sample holder is installed on the topof the ϕ stage. Because of the poor thermal conductivity of the piezo devices, additional heat paths
are attached between the cold finger and the χ arm,and the χ arm and the sample holder. In order to obtain accurate sample temperature, a thermometer isplaced at the sample holder.

ω
φthermal anchor
XY stagethermometer

Figure 1.	Photograph of piezo motor based goniometer system for SENJU.

3. Results
First, we checked the movement of the two rotators at the base temperature of around 4 K. By optimizing wiring of thermal anchors, we confirmed thatboth the ω and ϕ axes work fine at low temperature.
In order to minimize the scattering from two radiation shields made by aluminum with the thicknessof 1.5 mm each, we made halls at the direct beam
path (50 × 50 mm) in both shields. These halls arethen covered by thin Al foils (6 μm in thickness) thatis sufficient to reach base temperature of 2.5 K at
the cold finger. This modification clearly helps tosuppress the background from the radiation shieldeven without any collimator between the sample
and the detector. As shown in Fig. 2, the scattering from the radiation shield is almost negligible ascompared with the magnetic Bragg peaks of (3/2 1
1/2) and (2 3/2 1/2) in TbCoGa5.
The cooling performance of the 4 K cryostat
was checked subsequently. Due to small torque ofthe piezo motor, stiff thermal anchors prevent thesmooth rotation of the sample. By optimizing thesize and wiring of the thermal anchors, we could
improve the characteristics of cooling in both the

Research and Development Highlights

43

300

cold finger
sample

200

100

0

Figure 2. The intensity data of TbCoGa5 measured at 10 K.

lowest temperature and the cooling time. In thepresent setup, the lowest temperature at the sample position reaches below 4 K within the 4.5 hours
of cooling from room temperature. The accuracy ofthe sample temperature was confirmed by the transition temperature of several compounds including
an antiferromagnetic order in EuGa4 at TN = 16 K[2].

0

100

200
300
elapsed time ( min.)400

Figure 3. Cooling curves of the 4 K cryostat of SENJU.

Further improvements are still in progress.
References[1]	K. Oikawa et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Suppl. inpress.
[2]	T. Kawasaki et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Suppl. inpress.

K. Kaneko1,2, K. Munakata3, Y. Dohi4, Y. Noda4, T. Hanashima3, K. Sato3, T. Kawasaki1, R. Kiyanagi1, A. Nakao3, T. Ohhara3,
K. Oikawa5, and I. Tamura1,6
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 3Neutron R&D
Division, CROSS-Tokai; 4Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University; 5Neutron Source Section,
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 6Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator, JAEA

44

Research and Development Highlights

Investigation of the Degradation Mechanismof ITER CS Conductor Sample using TAKUMI

Figure 1. Schematics of ITER.

Figure 2. Schematics of ITER CS conductor.

CSJA02 L

7.0

Tcs (K)

1. Introduction
ITER is constructed in France under an international collaboration with India, China, EU, Korea,
Russia, USA and Japan to prove the viability of nuclear fusion as a power source. To confine and control the plasma, the ITER magnet system consists ofa Central Solenoid (CS), 18 Toroidal Field (TF) coils
and 6 Poroidal Field (PF) coils as shown in Figure
1. The CS, which is 13.5 m in height and 4.1 m indiameter, generates and controls the plasma current by varying the magnetic field as a maximum of
13 T. JAEA has to responsibly procure all ITER CS
conductors. The CS conductor is a cable-in-conduit
conductor (CICC) composed of a superconducting
cable consisting of 576 Nb3Sn strands and 288 copper strands, a SS316L central spiral and a JK2LB
stainless steel square jacket as shown in Figure 2.
After the operation of 60,000 cycles, a current sharing temperature (Tcs) of 5.2 K is required at the currents of 40 kA under the magnetic fields of 13 T.
Several conductor samples were fabricated to evaluate the performance of the CS conductor and validate its design concept. Two CS conductor samples
named CSJA01 and CSJA02, consisting of a pair ofconductor samples, were tested in the SULTAN test
facility in Switzerland. As reported in [1, 2], gradualdegradation was observed in the results for both
CSJA01 and CSJA02, which was the same as thatof many TF conductors as shown in Figure 3.
Until now, the transverse electromagnetic loading
has been considered a major cause of the Tcs degradations of Nb3Sn CICCs due to the local bendingat the high loading side (HLS) in the high field zone
(HFZ). From the destructive investigation in the HFZafter SULTAN testing, the deflection of strands on the
low transverse loading side (LLS) is larger than thatfor the HLS as shown in Figure 4. Since the bending pith is around 5 mm due to contacting of strands
compacted by the electromagnetic transverse loading in the HLS, there is a possibility of a large bending strain with small deflection of strands in the HLS.

CSJA01 R

6.0

Warm-up/Cool-down

CSJA02 R

CSJA01 L

5.0
0

2000

4000
6000
8000
Number of cycles

10000

Figure 3. Tcs result of CSJA01 and CSJA02.

Research and Development Highlights

45

Sample Slit
SampleDetector

Detector

Sample Table

Figure 4.	Visually inspected cable in the HFZ of CSJA01
right leg.

46

Research and Development Highlights

2

Diffraction beam
for lateral direction

7

Diffraction beam
for axial direction

Lorentz force

LLS

f32.6

HLS

16

2. Neutron diffraction measurement [4]For neutron diffraction measurement using
TAKUMI, the conductor sample of 3.6 m was arranged
as shown in Figure 5. The neutron beam was focusedusing a pair of radial collimator to the gauge volumeof 7 × 2 × 16 mm3 in the measured position of the
conductor sample as shown in Figure 6. The sample
conductor was turned over to measure whether the
LLS and the HLS have the same path as the neutron
beam. Figure 7 shows the diffraction profiles for theaxial direction of Nb3Sn (211) at the LLS and the HLSof the field center and 1150 mm from the field center.
The Nb3Sn filaments were taken from the same strand
using a chemical process to compare the diffraction
profile of the conductor sample. The diffraction peak
shapes and positions at the HLS in the HFZ and thelow field zone (LFZ) were similar, and the peaks werelocated at a lower level than that of Nb3Sn filaments.
This peak shift is due to the difference in the thermal contraction between copper/Nb3Sn filament andcable/jacket from the reaction temperature of Nb3Sn.
However, the peak of the LLS in the HFZ shifted to atensile direction and became broader, compared tothe other peak. The bending strain with the relaxationof the compression strain in the Nb3Sn strand was irreversibly remained by the SULTAN testing.

Measured position

49

Figure 6.	Schematic diagram of the neutron diffraction measurement.

1.2
1.0
0.8
Intensity (a.u.)

Neutrons, which have a large penetration depth,
are a powerful tool to evaluate the internal strainof Nb3Sn in the CICC [3]. In order to evaluate theinternal strain in ITER CS conductor samples nondestructively and quantitatively, a neutron diffraction
measurement using the engineering materials diffractometer ‘TAKUMI’ (BL19) was carried out on the
CSJA01 left leg at room temperature.

Figure 5. CS conductor sample arranged at TAKUMI.

0.6
0.4

Nb3Sn (211) Axial
LFZ(1150mm)

Nb3Sn filaments

Field center, LLS
Field center, HLS

0.2
0.0
-0.2

0.212

0.214
0.216
Lattice spacing (nm)0.218

Figure 7. Differences in the diffraction profile.

0.220

Original

STP

Figure 8.	Photograph of the cable with original twisting pitch
and STP.

STPCSJA05R

Current sharing temperature (K)3.	Discussion on the degradation mechanism
and improvement
From neutron diffraction measurement, the larger bending strain was found at the LLS of the HFZ
in the conductor sample. As a degradation mechanism, strand buckling is considered as follow;1)	The void at the LLS of the HFZ is generated by
the transverse movement of the strands in the
conductor sample,2)	There is an axial compressive force induced by
the difference in the thermal contraction from thereaction temperature of Nb3Sn,3)	The buckling of the Nb3Sn strand is occurring via
the axial compressive force because the support
and the friction of the jacket and the cable on thestrand are varied by the large void.
As an improvement method of the conductor performance on the strand buckling, the shorter twisting pitch (STP) can be considered. The cable with
the STP has withstood the strand buckling since thebending stiffness and rigidity are quite larger. Figure 8
shows photographs of the cables with original twisting pitch and STP [5]. The result of the SULTAN testing of the conductor sample with STP was found tobe very effective, and the performance degradation
along the cyclic testing was almost negligible asshown in Figure 9.

7.0

CSJA05L

CSJA03L,R
CSJA02 R
CSJA01 R

6.0

CSJA02 L
Warm-up/Cool-down

CSJA01 L

5.0

Original
0

2000

4000
6000
8000
Number of cycles

10000

Figure 9. Tcs results of SULTAN testing.

4. Conclusion
Neutron diffraction measurement on the ITER CS
conductor sample was performed to investigate thedegradation mechanism of the conductor sample. As
a result of the neutron diffraction measurement, a large
bending at the LLS of the HFZ was found. Therefore,
it was concluded that the Tcs degraded position of the
conductor sample due to the cyclic loading was the
LLS of the HFZ. The large bending was considered to
be a cause of the strand buckling due to the large void
generated by the transverse electromagnetic loading and the thermally induced residual compressive
strain. By applying the STP on the cable to control thestrand buckling, the problem of the performance degradation along cyclic testing was solved.
References[1] G. Brumfiel, Nature 471 (2011) 150.
[2]	T. Hemmi et al., IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
22 (2012) 4803305.
[3]	S. Awaji, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 26 (2013)
073001.
[4]	T. Hemmi et al., Supercond. Sci. Technol. 26(2013) 084002.
[5]	Y. Takahashi et al., presented in MT-23 conference(2013) 4OrAB-05.

T. Hemmi1, S. Harjo2, H. Kajitani1, Y. Nabara1, Y. Takahashi1, Y. Nunoya1, N. Koizumi1, J. Abe2, W. Gong2, K. Aizawa2,
H. Suzuki3, S. Machiya4, and K. Osamura5
1
Fusion Research and Development Directorate, JAEA; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Quantum
Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 4Daido University; 5Research Institute for Applied Sciences

Research and Development Highlights

47

Neutron Diffraction Study on the Structureof Aqueous LiNO3 Solutions

1. Introduction
Despite the long-time efforts to resolve it, there
are still some serious problems in determining thehydration structure of Li+. The concentration dependence of the hydration number of Li+ and the nearest
neighbor Li+…O distance still seems uncertain [1,2].
Neutron diffraction with 6Li/7Li isotopic substitution
method is considered the most reliable experimental technique to determine the values of rLiO and nLiO
because the observed difference function involves
partial structure factors relating Li-j atom pairs.
In the present report, we describe the results ofneutron diffraction measurements on aqueous 1,
5 and 10 mol% LiNO3 solutions in D2O. The soluteconcentration range was extended to 1 mol% LiNO3
in order to investigate the hydration structure of Li+
in a more dilute aqueous solution.
2. Neutron Diffraction Measurements
Neutron diffraction measurements were carriedout at 25ºC using the NOVA spectrometer installed
at BL21 of the MLF pulsed neutron source in the
J-PARC. The incident proton beam power of the
proton accelerator was 160 kW in measurementsfor 5 and 10 mol% *LiNO3 solutions, and 220 kW for
1 mol% *LiNO3 solutions, respectively.
3. Data Reduction
The observed scattering intensities for the sample were corrected for instrumental background, absorption of sample and cell, multiple and incoherent
scatterings.
The first-order difference function, DLi(Q) [3], isderived from the difference between the scattering cross sections observed for two solutions thatare identical except for the scattering length of Li.
The DLi(Q)2, normalized for a stoichiometric unit,(*LiNO3)x(D2O)1-x, can be written as a linear combination of partial structure factors, aLij(Q), involving
contributions from the Li-j pair:48

Research and Development Highlights

DLi(Q) = A[aLiO(Q)−1] + B[aLiD(Q)−1]			+ C[aLiN(Q)−1] + D[aLiLi(Q)−1].

(1)where, A = 2x(1+2x)(b6Li−b7Li)bO, B = 4x(1−x) (b6Li−b7Li)bD,
C = 2x2(b6Li−b7Li)bN, and D = x2(b6Li 2−b7Li2).
4. Results and Discussion
The first order difference function, DLi(Q), observed for 1, 5 and 10 mol% LiNO3 solutions is represented in Fig. 1. Structural parameters concerning the hydration shell of Li+ were obtained throughthe least squares fitting procedure applying the following model function [4,5]:
DLimodel(Q) = Σ2cLinLiαbα(b6Li − b7Li)
			× exp(−lLiα2Q2/2)sin(QrLiα)/(QrLiα)			+4πr(A+B+C+D)exp(−l02Q2/2)
			×[Qr0cos(Qr0) − sin(Qr0)]Q-3 + γ (3)where, cLi and nLiα are the number of Li+ in the stoichiometric unit and the coordination number of α
atom around Li+, respectively. Parameters lLiα andrLiα denote the root-mean-square amplitude and internuclear distance of the Li+…α pair, respectively.
The long-range parameter, r0, means the distancebeyond which the continuous distribution of atoms
around Li+ can be assumed. The parameter, l0, describes the sharpness of the boundary at r0. A constant, γ, was introduced to adjust the center of theinterference oscillation. Structural parameters nLiα,
lLiα, rLiα, l0, r0 and γ are determined from the leastsquares fit to the observed DLi(Q). The fitting procedure was performed in the range of 0.1 ≤ Q ≤ 20.0
Å-1. The nearest neighbor Li+…OW distance and coordination number determined for 10, 5 and 1 mol%
LiNO3 solutions are 1.97(1) Å and 4.1(1), 1.96(1) Åand 5.2(1), and 2.00(2) Å and 6.0(2), respectively.
These results clearly indicate that the concentration
dependence of the hydration number of Li+ is actually present.

Figure 1. The first-order difference function, ΔLi(Q), observed for (*LiNO3)x(D2O)1-x solutions, x = 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01.

Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the instrumental staff members of the NOVA spectrometer for
their help during the course of neutron diffraction
measurement and transformation of the scattering data. The neutron scattering experiment wasapproved by the Neutron Scattering Program
Advisory Committee of IMSS, KEK (Proposal No.
2009S06).

References[1]	H. Ohtaki and T. Radnai, Chem. Rev. 93 (1993)
1157.
[2]	P. R. Smirnov and V. N. Trosin, Russ. J. Gen.
Chem. 76 (2006) 175.
[3]	J. E. Enderby and G. W. Neilson, Water, A
Comprehensive Treatise, Vol. 6, pp. 1-46, Plenum
press, N. Y. (1979)[4]	A. H. Narten, M. D. Danford and H. A. Levy,
Discuss. Faraday Soc. 43 (1967) 97.
[5]	H. Ohtaki and N. Fukushima, J. Solution Chem.
21 (1992) 23.

Y. Kameda1, T. Miyazaki1, Y. Amo1, T. Usuki1, and T. Otomo2,3
1
Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life
Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Institute of Material Structure Science, KEK

Research and Development Highlights

49

Local Lattice Distortion Causedby Short Range Charge Ordering in LiMn2O4

1. Introduction
LiMn2O4 has a cubic spinel structure with spacegroup of Fd3-m at room temperature. The Mn atom issurrounded by six O atoms and they form a MnO6 octahedron. All Li, Mn and O atoms are crystallographically equivalent. At about 260 K, the compound exhibits a structural phase transition to an orthorhombic
structure with space group of Fddd accompanied withthe charge ordering transition [1]. However, even in
the cubic phase, the temperature dependence of theelectrical resistivity is not metallic although the metallic conductivity can be expected from the simple
band picture since the Mn ion has a valence of +3.5
[2]. It suggests that in the cubic phase, the valence
electrons are localized at the Mn site like a glass dueto their Coulomb repulsion and the arrangement oflocalized electrons does not have a long range ordering, resulting in non-metallic electrical conductivity.
We have performed the powder neutron diffraction
measurement on 7Li-enriched LiMn2O4 at the neutron
total scattering spectrometer NOVA (BL-21) installedat the Materials and Life Science Facility (MLF) in㻢㻜㻠㻜

J-PARC. In order to observe the local lattice distortion induced by the short range charge ordering in the
cubic phase, we performed local structural analysis
by using the atomic pair distribution function (PDF)
derived from the powder neutron diffraction data.
2. Results and Discussion
The PDF obtained at room temperature where theaveraged structure is the cubic structure with spacegroup of Fd3-m, is shown in Fig. 1 by open circles.
The fitting result by using the cubic structure model isshown by a blue line. The fitting line does not reproduce the shapes of the first negative peak at about
1.9 Å and the positive peaks around 2.8 Å. The firstnegative peak and the second positive peaks mainly
consist of Mn-O and O-O atomic correlations, respectively. Although the cubic phase contains single Mn-O
bond and three kinds of O-O bonds, the calculated
PDF cannot reproduce the observed PDF, suggesting the existence of local lattice distortion with lower
symmetry than the cubic structure. Furthermore, theweighted R factor, Rwp, obtained by fitting the data in㼛㼎㼟㼑㼞㼢㼑㼐
㼒㼕㼠㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻲㼐㻟㻙㼙㼒㼕㼠㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻲㼐㼐㼐㻟㻜㻜㻷㻳㻔㼞㻕㻌㻔䊅㻙㻞㻕

㻞㻜
㻜
㻙㻞㻜
㻙㻠㻜
㻙㻢㻜
㻙㻤㻜
㻞

㻟

㻠

㻡

㻢

㼞㻌㻔䊅㻕
Figure 1.	Atomic pair distribution function (PDF) of LiMn2O4 obtained at room temperature (open circle). The blue and red lines
show the fittings for cubic and orthorhombic structures with space groups of Fd3-m and Fddd, respectively. The lines atthe lower position show the differences between observed data and fitting results.
750

Research and Development Highlights

the region of 1.4 < r <10 Å is 15.4%, indicates that thefitting is not satisfactory.
Then we used the orthorhombic structure withspace group of Fddd corresponding with the crystal
structure in the charge ordered phase. The fitting
result by using the orthorhombic structure modelis shown in the figure by a red line. In this structure, five and nine inequivalent Mn and O atoms arecontained in the unit cell, respectively. Because theatomic distances of 27 kinds of Mn-O bonds distribute from about 1.82 to 2.23 Å, the shape of the firstnegative peak can be reproduced. At the same time,
the calculated O-O correlation peak can also reproduce the complicated peak structure around 2.8 Å.
As a result, the fitting is improved and the Rwp valueis 6.94%, much smaller than the Rwp obtained fromthe cubic structure. The Mn-O distances averaged

in the MnO6 octahedra, which are determined by thepresent fitting, correspond with the distances determined by the Rietveld analysis of the orthorhombic
phase (charge ordered phase). These results indicate that in the cubic phase, although the valence
electrons are localized at a Mn site similar to thecharge ordered state, the arrangement of the localized electrons has only a short range periodicity.
References[1]	Rodriguez-Caravajal, G. Rousse, C. Masquelier,and M. Hervieu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998)
4660.
[2]	J. Sugiyama, T. Atsumi, A. Koiwai, T. Sasaki, T.
Hioki, S. Noda, and N. Kamegashira, J. Phys. :Condens. Matter 9 (1997) 1729.

K. Kodama1, N. Igawa1, S. Shamoto1, K. Ikeda2, H. Oshita2,3, N. Kaneko2,3, T. Otomo2,3, and K. Suzuya3
Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life
Science Division, J-PARC Center1

Research and Development Highlights

51

2D Neutron Diffraction Imaging on an Ammonite

1. Introduction
Neutron radiography is a popular method to observe a material structure by neutron transmission
contrast [1]. Neutron phase imaging can be a very
sensitive method due to the refractive index contrast of a material [2,3]. Polarized neutron imaging
enables us to observe the distribution of magnetic
flux or magnetization of a material [4]. Neutron diffraction measurement is also a very powerful tool toobserve crystal structure, lattice strain, phase ratio
in a mixed sample, and so on. Its imaging can be a
powerful tool to observe crystal structure distribution
in a material. Energy-dispersive Bragg-edge imaging is one of the neutron diffraction imaging methods [1]. Another one is the simple neutron diffraction
imaging. As for x-ray diffraction imaging, heterogeneous materials were studied in a voxel size of 2.3 ×
2.3 × 1.6 μm3 [5]. This small volume is achieved due
to high intensity x-ray beam at synchrotron radiation
facility (ESRF). Compared to the synchrotron x-ray
beam, the neutron beam is still much weaker, but
it has high transmission capability. In addition, thediffraction intensity of the highest intensity total diffractometer NOVA (BL-21) at the Materials and Life
Science Facility (MLF) in J-PARC increases year by
year [6]. We checked the feasibility of the 2-dimen-

sional (2D) diffraction imaging at NOVA by measuring an ammonite.
2. Results and Discussion
A measured ammonite, which originated from
China, is shown in Fig. 1(a). Figure 1(b) shows acalcite (1 0 4) peak image of the ammonite, whichshows small air chambers divided by several yellow
septa in the spiral shell. The white suture lines inFig. 1(a) seem to correspond to the septa, which
are weakly convex toward the inner shell side. This
type of convex feature is observed as a relatively
rare case for the ammonites [7]. The light blue diagonal line in the left upper part of the shell canbe attributed to an adhesive mark, suggesting thatbroken pieces from one fossil were bonded by adhesive glue.
Figure 1(c) shows a siderite (1 1 3) peak image of the ammonite. The bright greenish region islimited to the last outer whorls. In addition, it hasa uniform distribution without any septa. This part
corresponds to a grayish part in Fig. 1(a). No air
chamber in this part suggests that it is a body chamber, where the molluscous part of ammonite may
remain. Therefore, the original molluscous part may
consist of Mg and Fe rich chemical composition.

Figure 1.	(a) Measured ammonite. (b) Calcite image in the d-range from 3.00 to 3.10 Å. (c) Siderite image in the d-range from
2.10 to 2.20 Å. Intensity color bar is a common for both (b) and (c).

52

Research and Development Highlights

3. Conclusion
In our study, the 2D neutron diffraction imagingof an ammonite revealed rich structural information
about the fossil. This neutron diffraction imaging
method extends the research possibilities on various
materials such as fossils from structural point of view.
References[1]	“Neutron Imaging and Applications: A Reference
for the Imaging Community” (Springer, 2009):
Ian S. Anderson, Robert L. McGreevy andHassina Z. Bilheux.
[2]	W. Treimer, M. Strobl, A. Hilger, C. Seifert and U.
Feye-Treimer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003) 398.

[3]	M. Strobl, W. Treimer and A. Hilger, Appl. Phys.
Lett. 85 (2004) 488.
[4]	N. Kardjilov, I. Manke, M. Strobl, A. Hilger, W.
Treimer, M. Meissner, T. Krist and J. Banhart,
Nature Phys. 4 (2008) 399.
[5]	P. Bleuet, E. Welcomme, E. Dooryhee, J.
Susini, J.-L. Hodeau and P. Walter, Nature Mat.
7 (2008) 468.
[6]	H. Ohshita, T. Otomo, S. Uno, K. Ikeda, T.
Uchida, N. Kaneko, T. Koike, M. Shoji, K.
Suzuya, T. Seya and M. Tsubota, Nucl. Instrum.
Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 672 (2012) 75.
[7]	A. E. Igolnikov, Paleontol. J., 41(2) (2007) 128.

S. Shamoto1, K. Kodama1, T. Imaki2, T. Nakatani3, H. Oshita3,4, N. Kaneko3,4, K. Masuko2, K. Sakamoto2, K. Yamaguchi1,
K. Suzuya3, and T. Otomo3,4
1
Materials Science Research Division, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 2Information Technology System’s Management andOperating Office, Center for Computational Science & e-Systems; 3Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC
Center; 4Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

Research and Development Highlights

53

New Electronics Board for GEM Detector System (nGEM)

In preparation for the increment of the J-PARC
beam power, we have developed a new electronics
board for a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) [1] detector system (nGEM). The outline view of nGEM isshown in figure 1.
nGEM is a two-dimensional neutron detector,
based on a GEM, which has a high counting capability, and is also an upgraded system of an existing neutron beam monitor [2] at NOVA. nGEM’s
thermal neutron efficiency varies from 0.1% to 1%
and is realized by exchanging an enriched-boron
deposited aluminum cathode. nGEM has a compact
body, including the electronics, and is able to transfer data directly to a PC via a network. Time-slice
measurement is possible by using the T0 information from GATENET [3]. Compared to the existingneutron beam monitor’s detector performance, thedata transfer capability of nGEM is 10 times larger
than that of the existing system. Since the repetition of the electronics was changed from 100 MHz
to 200 MHz, the recorded minimum time step was
reduced from 10 ns to 5 ns. Since we have refined
the algorithm of the event selection in the onboard
electronics, we expect to improve the high counting
capability and the position resolution. The hit infor-

mation, such as Time Of Flight (TOF), hit positionand pulse width, is included in the data format ofnGEM. The system information, such as the amountof data loss, is also included in the data format. A
detailed analysis and monitoring of the system arepossible by using those data. The basic characteristics of nGEM are summarized in table 1.
The neutron irradiation test was performed in
May 2013 at the NOVA beam line. The nGEM was
set up at the back of the NOVA vacuum chamber.
The distance from the surface of the moderator to
the detector was approximately 19 m. The proton
beam power of J-PARC was typically 300 kW. In thistest, TOF distributions and two-dimensional images
were measured, and the plateau characteristics were
evaluated. The TOF distribution has a shape similar
to that of the existing neutron beam monitor. TwoTable 1. The basic characteristics of nGEM.

Neutron efficiency
Data taking rate
Position resolution
Operation voltage
Sensitive area
Detector size

Figure 1. The outline view of nGEM.

54

Research and Development Highlights

0.1%~1% for 1.8 ÅOver 1 MHz~0.85 mm(FWHM)
2600 V
100 mm × 100 mm
524 mm × 254 mm × 50 mm

Figure 2. Two-dimensional images with sintered boron carbide blocks.

dimensional images in the case when sintered boron carbide blocks were set in front of the nGEM are
shown in figure 2. The image obtained with the past
event selection algorithm is shown in figure 2 (a), andthe image obtained with the new event selection algorithm is shown in figure 2 (b). Since the new event
selection algorithm is able to pick up a channel close
to a neutron reaction position, the sharply-defined
image is obtainable. The position resolution is evaluated by the edge analysis, and the full width at half
maximum (FWHM) is estimated at approximately
0.85 mm. Therefore, nGEM has approximately 30%
smaller position resolution than that of the existingneutron beam monitor. The plateau has appeared at
input voltage from 2600 V to 2750 V, and the counting
rate on the plateau was 1057.1±6.9 evnets/collision;
where the counting rate was defined as a number of
events per one collision of a proton beam with neutron target. The stable operation of nGEM is realized

by setting the operation condition onto the plateau.
Even though we confirmed that the data taking rate
reached over 1 MHz in an offline test, we will verify the possibility of counting loss under the intense
neutron environment of J-PARC. At this stage, fournGEMs have been prepared as an incident neutron
beam monitor and a transmitted neutron beam monitor. We will install the nGEMs into NOVA and SPICA
in the next spring.
References[1]	F. Sauli, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 386 (1997)531.
[2]	H. Ohshita, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 623(2010) 126.
[3]	S. Satoh, et al., Development of a TriggerGate (GATENET) Module for Pulse Neutron
Experiments, Presented at the TIPP 09.

H. Ohshita1,2, M. Ishiwata3, and K. Iwase3
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Bee Beans
Technologies Co. Ltd.

Research and Development Highlights

55

Diffusive Behavior of Garnet-type Compounds

maximum around 350 K. These behaviors are reasonably explained by motional narrowing due to Li
diffusion, as in the case for Li5+xLa3HfxTa2−xO12 observed by Li-NMR above 260 K [10]. However, atT above 350 K, the µ+SR spectra showed a simple
exponential relaxation, because ν >> Δ, indicatingthat Li+ ions diffuse too fast to be visible by µ+SR.
If we assume a thermal activation process for
Li diffusion, we could estimate the activation energy (Ea) in LLZONb from the ν(T ) curve. Figure 3
shows the x dependence of Ea estimated by µ+SR
(EaµSR) and QENS [9] together with that determinedby AC impedance measurements (EaAC) [3]. It has
been found that EaµSR is comparable to EaQENS, as
expected, but both values are almost a half of EaAC.
A very similar discrepancy between Ea obtained by

(a)

0.3

∆ (106 s−1)

A garnet-type oxide, Li5+xLa3ZrxNb2−xO12 with x= 0-2 (LLZONb) (Fig. 1), has been investigated asa solid electrolyte for an all solid-state Li-ion battery due to its high Li ion conductivity (σLi) [1, 2].
Interestingly, σLi was found to depend on x and reacha maximum at x = 1.75 at ambient temperature (T ),for reasons currently unknown [3, 4]. However, considering the parameters to determine σLi, we could
line up the following two candidates; namely, a diffusion coefficient of Li+ (DLi) and the number densityof mobile Li+ (nLi). Unfortunately, it is difficult to measure nLi directly, while there are three microscopic
techniques to measure intrinsic DLi in solids [5, 6, 7],that is, a Li-NMR, quasielastic neutron scattering(QENS), and µ+SR technique. Here, we report theresult obtained by µ+SR and compare it with thatobtained by QENS [8, 9].
The µSR spectra obtained in zero field (ZF) were
well fitted by a combination of a dynamic Gaussian
Kubo-Toyabe (KT) function due to a fluctuating nuclear magnetic field and time-independent offset.
Figure 2 shows the T dependencies of Δ and ν forthe samples with x = 0, 1, 1.75, and 2. The Δ(T) curvefor each sample exhibits a steplike decrease around
300 K with a wide transition width (ΔT ∼ 150 K). At
the same T range, ν increases with T and reaches a

0.2

x=0
x=1
x = 1.75
x=2

0.1
0

Li5+xLa3ZrxNb2-xO12

0

100

200

300

400

500

400

500

TEMPERATURE (K)
0.8

(b)

ν (106 s−1)

0.6
0.4
0.2
0

0

100

200

300

TEMPERATURE (K)
Figure 1.	The crystal structure of garnet-type Li5+xLa3ZrxNb2−xO12.
There are two Li-sites, namely, 24d and 96h, in thelattice.

56

Research and Development Highlights

Figure 2.	Temperature dependencies of (a) the Δ and (b) theν obtained by fitting the µ+SR spectra using a combination between a dynamic Kubo-Toyabe signal
and a time-independent offset signal.

80

DLi (10-12 cm2/s)

30

60

0.6

DLi

40

σLi

(a)

20

0.3

0
20

10

0
0

0

20

AC
QENS
µSR
0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

X

NMR and AC impedance is also reported for several
materials [5]. This suggests that the overall diffusion of Li+ is not determined by an intrinsic nature of
LLZONb but by other factors, such as, grain boundaries, impurities, and defects. In other words, EaAC
would be reduced by improving the sample preparation process.
The field fluctuation rate (ν) is thought to correspond to the jump rate of Li+ ions between theneighboring sites, as in the case for LixCoO2 [6].
A self-diffusion coefficient of Li+ (DLi) is, therefore,
given by

i=1

i

5

2
v,i i

0

0.5

(1)

where Ni is the number of Li sites in the i-th path, Zv,iis the vacancy fraction, si is jump distance, and ν isthe field fluctuation rate obtained by µ+SR measurements. Structural analyses using a neutron diffraction technique suggest that n = 3, namely, from the
24d site to the neighboring four 96h sites, from the
96h site to the neighboring four 24d sites, and fromthe 96h site to the neighboring four 96h sites (seeFig. 1) [9]. Using these structural data, we can clarify the relationship between DLi and x [see Fig. 4(a)].
Interestingly, DLi is found to be almost independent

1.0

1.5

2.0

x in Li5+xLa3ZrxNb2-xO12
Figure 4.	
x dependences of (a) DLi obtained by µSR and σLiby ac impedance measurements and (b) the number of mobile Li+ per unit cell [9].

of x, particularly x ≥ 1.
Back to a Nernst-Einstein equation, σLi is connected with DLi as;
DLi =

σLiRT
,
nLiF 2Z 2(2)

where R is the gas constant, F is the Faraday’s
constant, z is ionic valence, and nLi is the densityof mobile Li+ ions. Since LLZONb is an insulator in
the whole x range prepared, we naturally assumed
that only Li+ is responsible for charge transport.
Moreover, we introduced a number of mobile Li+ pernunit cell, CLieff [≡ a (5+x) ], where a is the lattice constantof LLZONb. Figure 4(b) shows CLieff as a function of x.
The CLieff(x) curve is the same to the σLi curve, sinceDLi is almost constant in this x range. Therefore, it
has been clarified that σLi is mainly governed by
the number of mobile Li+ rather than DLi. Also, it has
been found that, even for LLZONb with x = 1.75 thatexhibits the highest σLi, the percentage of the mobile
Li+ is only 15% among the whole Li in the lattice.
This leads to the question about the origin of the mobile Li+ ions. In order to respond to that question, we
need to further clarify the relationship between CLieffand x for other garnet systems.
3n∑ N1 Z s ν,

∝ σLi / DLi

100

Figure 3.	The relationship between the thermal activationenergy (Ea) and x for LLZONb. Triangles andsquares represent Ea estimated by µ+SR and
QENS [9]. Circles represent Ea determined by AC
impedance measurements [3].

DLi =

(b)

15

CLieff (%)

Ea (kJ/mol)

40

0.9

σLi (10-3 S/cm)

Li5+xLa3ZrxNb2-xO12

Li

Research and Development Highlights

57

References[1]	V. Thangadurai and W. Weppner, J. Am. Ceram.
Soc. 88 (2005) 411.
[2]	L. Truong, S. Narayanan, and V. Thangadurai,
ECS Trans. 45 (2013) 21, and references citedtherein.
[3]	S. Ohta, T. Kobayashi, and T. Asaoka, J. Power
Sources 196 (2011) 3342.
[4]	S. Ohta et al., J. Power Sources 202 (2012)332.
[5]	P. Heitjans and S. Indris, J. Phys.: Condens.

Matter 15 (2003) R1257.
[6]	J. Sugiyama et al., Phy. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009)
147601.
[7]	J. Sugiyama et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2013)
SA023.
[8]	H. Nozaki et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2013)
SA004.
[9]	H. Nozaki et al., Solid State Ionics (2013),
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2013.10.014[10]	A. Gupta et al., J. Power Sources 209 (2012)
184.

H. Nozaki1, M. Harada1, S. Ohta1, J. Sugiyama1, and Y. Miyake2,3
Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc. (TCRDL); 2Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC
Center; 3Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

1

58

Research and Development Highlights

Development of a Non-destructive and Multi-elemental
Analysis System by Muonic X-ray

lead blocks facing the detectors were also covered
with 1-mm thick Sn metal sheet to absorb the Pb electronic X-rays emitted from the lead blocks entering
the detectors to cause significant background noise
overlapping the muonic X-ray peaks in the energy region of interest. The signal processing system wascoordinated with the pulsed muon beam at the MUSE
to minimize the continuum background in the energy
spectrum. By varying the incident muon energy from
7.5, 8.0 and 10.2 MeV/c muonic X-rays from the coin
were measured. Three Au-Ag alloy samples of 30
mmf containing 50%, 60% and 80% Au in weight
were also measured as reference standards.
Muonic X-ray signals detected within 1.5 ms fromthe muon pulse arrival were analyzed. The detection
efficiency of the HP detectors was estimated from an
EGS5 calculation. Figure 1 shows the muonic X-ray
intensity ratio changes with the muon stopping depth
in the coin. Au(5-4) denotes the muonic X-ray emitted
during the negative muon transition from the orbital ofprincipal quantum number 5 to the one of 4. At thisstage the depth is assumed to be equal to the stopping range in pure Au estimated by the PHITS code.
The middle three points at 2.1, 2.5 and 4.6 mm are theresult of the present experiment. The Au/Ag profile resembles closely the one obtained by the Auger spectroscopy. The coin has a high Au content only within a
few mm from the surface. The surface shows the highest Au content and the bulk body of the coin deeper

4

X-ray Intensity Ratio
Au(5-4) / Ag(4-3)

An elemental composition analysis method utilizing muonic X-ray has several unique advantages
compared with other analytical techniques. One ofits most remarkable features is the ability to conduct
non-destructive elemental analysis of the interior ofa sample. The high energy of the muonic X-rays enables quantification of the amount of the elements
embedded deeply in a sample where the ordinary
X-ray fluorescence analysis and electron microprobe
analysis are not applicable due to the attenuation by
self-absorption of the electronic X-rays in the sample.
Tuning the incident negative muon energy, the muonstopping depth is controllable as far as a few centimeters from the sample surface to give the information
at the stopping site. This fiscal year, while developing
the muonic X-ray analysis method [1-3], we carriedout an analysis of a Japanese gold coin. The coin is
known to have been made of an alloy of 57% gold
and 43% silver in weight. As a result of the special
chemical technique called ‘Iroage’, within the thinlayer within a few mm from the surface, we concluded
that its gold content is significantly higher than that in
the inside, reaching as high as 95% at the surface.
Our previous studies, which showed that the Au contents were 74% and 56% at 1.6 mm and 14 mm fromthe surface, agreed quite well with the result obtainedby the Auger spectroscopy combined with ion sputtering. One of the objectives of the project this year was
to obtain and refine the depth profile of gold-to-silver
ratio (Au/Ag) between 2 to 5 mm from the surface.
At the D2 area of the MUSE facility, two HP Ge
detectors were employed to measure the muonic
X-rays from the gold coin. The gold coin was placedin an aluminum vacuum chamber when the incident
muon energy as low as being significantly scatteredby the air and inducing unnecessary muonic X-ray
signals arising from oxygen and nitrogen. The coin
faced the muon beam and the detectors at an angleof 45°. The detectors were shielded with lead blocks
in order to prevent the background radiations from thebeam duct. The detector heads and the surface of the

3
2
1
0

0

5

10

15

Range (µm)
Figure 1.	Muonic Au and Ag X-ray intensity ratio change withthe muon stopping depth from the coin surface.

Research and Development Highlights

59

196

µ Ag(4-3)
194

1000
800

Intensity

than 3 mm has a uniform chemical composition.
Our previous coin spectra have had peaks not assigned by muonic X-rays. A detailed analysis has revealed that these peaks originate from excited nuclei
produced by muonic capture reactions. After transitions from the muonic atom orbitals of initial highprincipal quantum number to muonic 1s state, thenegative muon stays in the 1s state. The proximity of
the nucleus to the 1s orbital induces a negative muon
capture by the nucleus similar to the electron capture decay process in neutron deficient unstable isotopes. The process competes with the muon natural
decay. The average radius of the muonic 1s orbital
shrinks with the change of the number of protons in
the nucleus and the muon capture by nucleus is more
likely to occur in the muonic atoms with more protons(high Z nuclei). The negative muon capture reaction
leads to a highly excited nuclear state while emitting
a muon neutrino. The highly energetic nucleus deexcites by emitting one or a few neutrons and g-rays.
One neutron emission reaction is the most probablede-excitation path [4]. The g-rays emitted from thenucleus are available for nucleus-specific analysis.
Figure 2 exhibits the comparison of the two muonic X-ray and g-ray spectra in the energy range from290 keV to 450 keV of the coin for two initial muonic
momenta, 6.4 MeV/c and 15.2 MeV/c. The two momenta correspond to the analysis depth of 2.2 mm
and 14.6 mm from the coin surface, respectively. The
two spectra are normalized and the mAg(4-3) X-ray
peaks at 306 keV from muonic Ag have the same
peak height. Other peaks are considered to originate
from muonic Au and 196Pt and 108Pd. 196Pt is a stable
isotope produced via the 197Au(m-,n)196Pt reaction.
Five g-rays from the excited 196Pt nucleus (denoted
as 196Pt*) are observed in the spectrum. Since Au
has only one stable isotope 197Au, the formation of
196
Pt by one neutron emission from the muonic Au
is the most probable process as the fate of muonic
Au. Natural Ag consists of 107Ag (51.8%) and 109Ag(48.2%). The 434 keV peak is assigned to a g-ray

196

196

Pt*(346)µ Au(5-4)

Pt*(333)
196

Pt*(355)

Pt*(328)

Pt*(326)
196

Pt*(393)

600

108

Pd*(434)
6.4 MeV/c
15.2 MeV/c

400
200
0

300

350

400

450

Energy (keV)

Figure 2.	Comparison of energy spectra obtained with different initial negative muonic momenta.

from 108Pd formed via the 109Ag(m-,n)108Pd reaction.
The peak intensities of the 434 keV g-ray are thesame for both spectra because the peak originatesfrom Ag and we normalized the spectra for the othermuonic Ag X-ray peak at 306 keV. The other five gray peaks and one muonic Au X-ray peak mAu(5-4),
seen in Fig. 2, have higher intensities for the 6.4 keV
spectrum results from the higher Au content near thecoin surface. The intensity ratio of the 355 keV g-ray
from 196Pt to the 434 keV g-ray from 108Pd showedsimilar change with the muon stopping depth as themuonic X-ray ratio. The measurements of g-rays fromexcited nucleus after negative muon capture werestudied extensively in the nuclear physics area, but
the applicability to elemental analysis has not been
examined thoroughly. Utilizing g-ray would be promising not only for chemical composition analysis but
also for isotope specific abundance determination of
bulk materials without destruction.
References[1]	M. K. Kubo et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.
278 (2008) 777.
[2]	K. Ninomiya et al., J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 255(2010) 012040.
[3]	K. Ninomiya et al., J. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 85(2012) 228.
[4]	D. F. Measday, Phys. Rep. 354 (2002) 243.

M. K. Kubo1, K. Ninomiya2, M. Inagaki2, G. Yoshida2, A. Shinohara2, T. Nagatomo3,4, N. Kawamura3,4, P. Strasser3,4,
K. Shimomura3,4, Y. Miyake3,4, W. Higemoto3,5, S. Sakamoto5, and T. Saito6
1
College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University; 2Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; 3Muon Science Section, Materials
and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 4Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 5Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA; 6National
Museum of Japanese History

60

Research and Development Highlights

μSR Study of Different Magnetic States in Electron-Doped
Pr1.3-xLa0.7CexCuO4+δ (x = 0.10) Single Crystals Depending on the δ Valuecal resistivity in magnetic fields and c-axis resistivity in zero field, it has been found that, through the
reduction annealing, the strongly localized state ofcarriers accompanied by the pseudogap due to theantiferromagnetic (AF) fluctuations in an as-grown
non-SC crystal changes to a Kondo state without
pseudogap in a SC crystal. These results can beunderstood in terms of a simple band model including the strong correlation of electrons [2].
In the magnetic point of view, on the other hand,
it has not yet been clarified whether or not the AF
spin fluctuations survive even in a SC crystal. Fromzero-field (ZF) mSR, we have formerly found possible slowing down of the Cu-spin fluctuations at low
temperatures in SC polycrystals of Pr1-xLaCexCuO4
with x = 0.14 [4], although this is not so clear due
to the presence of Pr3+ moments [5]. Therefore, wehave performed ZF-mSR measurements using highquality underdoped single crystals of PLCCO with x= 0.10 at J-PARC MUSE in February, 2013, in order
to investigate the magnetic states depending on theamount of excess oxygen d.

In the history of the research of high-Tc superconductivity, enormous efforts have been paid tothe establishment of the phase diagram both ofhole-doped and electron-doped cuprates. Formerly,
Matsumoto et al. have reported that, through theappropriate reduction of excess oxygen from asgrown thin films of the electron-doped cuprate of
Nd2-xCexCuO4, superconductivity appears even ina parent compound of x = 0 and in a wide rangeof x, resulting in a completely different phase diagram from that formerly suggested [1]. If this is thecase, the superconductivity in the electron-doped
cuprates cannot be understood in terms of dopingof carriers into Mott insulators as in the case of thehole-doped cuprates.
Very recently, we have grown high-quality single crystals of electron-doped Pr1.3-xLa0.7CexCuO4+d(PLCCO) in the underdoped regime of x = 0.10[2]. Through the improved reduction annealing, wehave succeeded in obtaining superconducting (SC)crystals of x = 0.10 which was believed to be nonSC [3]. From measurements of the ab-plane electri-

25

Raw Asymmetry (%)

Pr1.3-xLa0.7CexCuO4+δ
20

x = 0.10o

800 C-reduced

15
10
T=
200 K 50 K
100 K 30 K
70 K 㻌㻌㻌3 K

5
0

0

2

4

6

Time (µsec)

810Figure 1. Zero-field mSR spectra of the 800 C-reduced SC single crystals of Pr1.3-xLa0.7CexCuO4+d with x = 0.10.
oResearch and Development Highlights

61

For as-grown crystals, the muon-spin precession was observed around 3 K due to the formationof a long-range AF order. Figure 1 shows ZF-mSR
spectra of the 800oC-reduced SC crystals with Tc~ 27 K. It is found that, while the spectrum shows
Gaussian-like depolarization due to randomly oriented nuclear spins at 200 K, the depolarization ofmuon spins becomes fast gradually with decreasing
temperature below 200 K. At 3 K, the spectrum consists of fast depolarization below ~ 1 ms, slow depolarization between ~ 1 ms and ~ 4 ms and almost flat
spectrum above ~ 4 ms. This peculiar behavior of
the spectrum at 3 K suggests the coexistence of aslowly fluctuating region of Cu spins and a region ofa short-range magnetic order in a crystal. Therefore,

it is concluded that there exist the AF spin fluctuations even in the SC crystals of x = 0.10, which isconsistent with our simple band model including thestrong correlation of electrons [2].
References[1]	O. Matsumoto et al., Physica C 469 (2009) 924.
[2]	T. Adachi et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2013)
063713.
[3]	X. F. Sun et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004)
047001.
[4]	Risdiana et al., Phys. Rev. B 82 (2010) 014506.
[5]	R. Kadono et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 72 (2003)
2955.

T. Adachi1, A. Takahashi2, K. M. Suzuki2, M. A. Baqiya2, I. Watanabe3, A. Koda4,5, M. Miyazaki4,5, R. Kadono4,5, and Y. Koike2
1
Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Sophia University; 2Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University; 3Advanced Meson
Science Laboratory, RIKEN Nishina Center; 4Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 5Institute ofMaterials Structure Science, KEK

62

Research and Development Highlights

Neutron SourceBeam Commissioning in MLF for High Power Operation
for JSNS and MUSE

64

Last year, the beam power increased to 200 kW
by watching precious beam status after the earthquake. After installation of the helium bubbler inthe mercury target, a high power beam operation
matching a target replacing schedule is available.
With the increase of the beam power, the proton
beam should be carefully tuned because the highpower beam can cause serious damage to thebeam components such as the magnet and thevacuum chamber.
In the MLF, the cascade target scheme is chosen for the muon and neutron production in a waythat requires a careful tuning between the targets.
During the summer of 2011, relatively high radioactivity was observed in the beam monitor locatedat the downstream of the muon production target.
The radiation dose at the beam profile monitor of
M23 was at a level of 15 mSv/h as shown in Fig. 1,
which was ~10 times larger than the calculated design value. Around the M23, quadrupole and stirring magnets are located, whose coils are made ofa low radiation hardening materials such as polyimide insulator. It is important to control the beamloss around the M23 monitor.
In order to understand the reason for the activation, an additional beam loss monitor of the plas-

tic scintillator was placed above the M23 monitor.
The result from the beam loss monitor showed thatthe high activation at the M23 was produced by thebeam loss due to interaction at the muon production target. By changing the beam size at the muontarget, we observed that the beam loss quantity
increased as decreasing of the beam size at themuon target.
Because of the muon target maintenance scenario, the muon production target was required to
be used till the summer of 2013. In order to reducethe damage to the target, the beam size was normally expanded at the target. However, when the
beam size expands at the muon target, the quantityof the beam loss increases between the muon andneutron targets. We developed a new technique tosatisfy both requirements for the reduction of thedamage and the beam loss. At the muon target, thebeam orbit was bumped as shown in Fig. 2. The
beam was conserved at a narrow width so that thebeam loss could be kept smaller. Because of thebump, the quantity of the beam loss did not increase
drastically. By the periodical rotation of the beam
bump position at the muon target shown in Fig. 3,
the damage on the muon target can be decreased.
The present technique is called EXILE, which is a

Figure 1.	High radiation dose observed at the beam profile
monitor of M23.

Figure 2.	Beam position observed monitors along the beamtransport line. Beam bump orbit was made at themuon production target.

Neutron Source

R4mm

V
H

Figure 3.	Schematic of the beam rotation scheme at themuon target (called EXILE).

famous dance group, because the scheme is similar to their famous spiral sequence dance. Becauseof the EXILE, the muon target can stand up for the
0.3 MW beam operation till the summer of 2013 asscheduled.
For the demonstration of the accelerator performance, we succeeded to deliver a high power beamsuch as 0.5 MW to the spallation neutron source.
The intensity of the proton beam was 20 kJ/pulse,which exceeds the intensity in SNS at ORNL.
For a steady beam operation, an automatic beamcollection system was developed in the beam transport system. Due to the leakage of the magnetic fieldof the solenoid magnet at a new muon beam line of
the H line, whose current is often changed for muon

Figure 4.	Dependence of the current of the solenoid magnet
at H line on the vertical beam position at the proton beam windows.

users, the beam position at the neutron target waschanged in the vertical direction as shown in Fig. 4.
We developed an automatically controlled beam position compensation system based on the EPICS.
By watching the current of the solenoid magnet, theangle of the vertical steering magnet was corrected.
Due to the present system, the beam position at the
mercury target became more stable.

S. Meigo1, M. Ooi1, K. Ikezaki1, A. Akutsu1, and H. Fujimori2,3
1
Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division,
J-PARC Center; 3Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

Neutron Source

65New Mercury Target Vessel with Advanced Design

1. Introduction
The excellent effect of the microbubble injection
into mercury to mitigate the pressure waves wasdemonstrated by the on-beam operation as shownin the previous topics of this report.
As a next step to secure further the target vessel against the pressure waves, we developed atarget vessel with a double walled beam window.
This structure aims to increase the mercury flow velocity passing across the beam window where it ismost severely attacked by the cavitation damage.
The effect of mercury flow on the cavitation damage mitigation has been investigated and confirmed
both in off-beam tests [1] and in on-beam tests [2].
Moreover, the effect of the double wall to mitigate
the cavitation damage was demonstrated in the actual spallation neutron source facility of SNS. Basedon these results, we modified the design of the
JSNS target to make the double-walled beam window structure, and the fabrication of the new target
was completed.
The storage space of the used target vessels is
also a serious concern for the long term facility operation, because the storage space capable of handling highly radioactive components is very limitedin J-PARC. In order to reduce the volume of used
targets, we developed the separate-type target
which can be separated into two parts, i.e. the front
part and the rear part. This structure allows us toreplace only the front part which has much shorter
lifetime than the rear part. This new structure wasalso applied to the design of the new target.
2. Target design with double walled beam window
The effect of the narrow channel to mitigate cavitation damages was investigated experimentally.
Figure 1 shows the experimental set-up and one example of the results. Two stainless steel plates wereplaced face to face closely in stagnant mercury, andimpulse forces were applied to the mercury simulating the pressure wave generated by the mechanical66

Neutron Source

striker. The experimental result shows the case of
a 1 mm gap between the plates. There is clearlyless damage on the narrow channel side than on
the bulk side. This indicates that the structure of thenarrow channel itself has the effect to mitigate thecavitation damage in addition to the mercury flow
effect.
Figure 2 shows the inner structure of the double
walled target. A part of the mercury flow is led into
the narrow channel at the inlet of the bubbler, andthe mercury flow velocity in the narrow channel at

Narrow channel side

Bulk side

100µm
54

Mercury
Impulseforce
Figure 1.	Experiment to investigate the narrow channel effect to mitigate the cavitation damages.

Proton beam
NarrowchannelInner
wall
Bubbler
Mercury flow

Figure 2. Inner structure of the double walled target.

the beam window is estimated to be almost 4 m/s.
The bulk flow side of the inner wall is protected by
the micro-bubbling. This structure increased thecooling performance of the inner wall and allowed
us to increase the thickness of the inner wall from3 mm to 5 mm, which increased the safety margin
against the cavitation damage. The fabrication of
the target was completed and it is ready to be installed during the summer shutdown period in 2013.
3. Separate-type target design
The key technology to realize the separate-typetarget is keeping seal performance of the complex
flange where the front body is detached from therear body. The complex flange connects all over
the three lines of piping, which are two lines of thickmercury piping with diameter of 150 mm and 1 lineof thin helium piping with diameter of 10 mm, with asingle flange. Thermal hydraulic analyses showedthat the temperature difference in the complex
flange becomes 80°C at maximum, which causes
thermal deformation and deterioration of the seal
performance. In order to cope with this issue, we
carried out numerical simulations and mock-up
tests to cool down the flange effectively using the

Figure 3.	Separate type target vessel with double walled
beam window.

water flow channel in it. As a result, we could realize
the complex flange, which can keep the seal performance even after 1000 cycles of the temperaturerising and dropping. The separate-type target vessel was fabricated as shown in Figure 3, and thisdesign was also applied to the fabrication of the
double walled target.
References[1]	T. Naoe, M. Ida, M. Futakawa, Nucl. Instr. andMeth. A 586 (2008) 382.
[2]	B. Reimer, J Haines, M. Wendel, G. Bauer, M.
Futakawa, S. Hasegawa, H. Kogawa, J. Nucl.
Mater. 377 (2008) 162.

K. Haga, T. Wakui, T. Naoe, H. Kogawa, K. Hanano, and M. Futakawa
Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Neutron Source67

Cryogenic Hydrogen System

Change of pressure difference
through the heat exchanger (kPa)Attainment of stable prolonged operation
It had been difficult to conduct prolonged stable
operation of the helium refrigerator due to performance degradation of the heat exchanger, which
was caused by adsorption of impurity (mainly
moisture) on it. The moisture was adsorbed onan activated charcoal located downstream of thecompressor and gradually penetrated to the purified helium stream in the cryogenic operation. In
JFY2011, a purification system had been installed.
The activated charcoal had been regenerated byflowing heated nitrogen gas (around 373 K) throughit. A purification operation was carried out to reducethe dew point below -80°C and nitrogen below
1 ppm during the week before every operation.
Accordingly, there was little increase of the pres-

50
40
30

2010.1120

2009.9

10
0
0

4 kPa
for 95 day)

10

20

30

2012.4-7/2
40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Operation period (day)Figure 1.	Change of pressure difference through the heatexchanger.

68

Neutron Source

sure difference through the heat exchanger (SeeFig.1). We have achieved a three-month prolonged
stable operation.
Operational characteristics
An ortho-para hydrogen convertor, which has
the catalyst packed-bed volume of 35 L and is filledwith a catalyst of hydrous ferric oxide with the porosity of 32%, has been installed to maintain parahydrogen concentration of more than “99%”. The
concentrations of the para-hydrogen in the hydrogen loop were measured at the temperatures of
95 K, 46 K and 20 K during the cool-down process(See Fig.2). It was confirmed that the equilibrium
para-hydrogen concentration always existed andthe para-hydrogen concentration was maintained
more than “99.0%” at the rated condition.
The hydrogen loop is applied to a stepwise hugeheat load, which is 3.75 kW for a 1-MW proton beam
operation, caused by the proton beam injection. A
heater and an accumulator are prepared to mitigate
a pressure fluctuation below 0.1 MPa caused by the
proton beam injection and stop and always maintainthe feed hydrogen temperature constant.
A stable 300-kW proton beam operation, where
the nuclear heating was 1.13 kW, has been con-

Para-hydrogen concentration (%)

Introduction
The J-PARC cryogenic hydrogen system provides cryogenic hydrogen at supercritical pressureof 1.5 MPa, whose para-hydrogen concentration ismore than “99%” and temperature is less than 20 K,
to three moderators so as to provide cold pulsed
neutron beams of a higher neutronic performance.
This report describes the topics of the cryogenic hydrogen system in JFY2012.

100

Theoretical values

80

Measured data
60
40
20
0
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Temperature (K)Figure 2.	Para-hydrogen concentration during the cool-down
process.

R&D for the welding bellows for the 3rd accumulator
In February 2010, a trouble of the 1st accumulator, which was due to a poor weld in its manufacturing process, was found before the cool-down operation. We have tentatively operated it using the 2nd
accumulator, although it has a pressure tightness
of 0.9 MPa lower than the required one of 2.0 MPa.
The R&D for the welding bellows with the high pressure tightness had been carried out in order to conduct the robust and the stable operation for the pro-Heaterpower (W)

500
400
300
200
100
0
1.55

Accumulator level (mm)Pressure (MPa)

Proton beam
power (kW)

600

70

P1
1.50

60

44 kPaAccumulator level

1.45
5000
4000

50

1.9 kW

3000
2000

Temperature (K)ducted since November 2012. It was possible tomitigate the pressure fluctuation caused by the
proton beam injection and stop. The feed hydrogentemperature remained unchanged. The 300-kW
proton beam operation has been successfully carried out on schedule.
For the first time, the 532-kW proton beam operation was conducted as a trial for the limited time of
40 s in November 2012. A temperature rise of 1.3 K
appeared at the outlet of the moderators. The pressure fluctuation was mitigated to the predicted levelof 44 kPa. The feed hydrogen temperature was always maintained constant, although it temporarily
increased by 0.08 K. It would appear that the stable
operation of the cryogenic hydrogen system would
be also achieved for the 1-MW proton beam operation based on these results.

19.0

1.3 K

18.0

0.08 K

17.0
16.0

0

Outlet of the moderators

Feed hydrogen to the moderators
100

200

Time (s)300

400

Figure 3.	Dynamic behaviors for a 532-kW proton beam operation.

ton beam power of 1 MW. A prototype was manufactured and a live test performed. It was confirmedthat the developed bellows met the required lifetimeof 10,000 cycles at a pressure of 2 MPa. The 3rd accumulator has been designed and we plan to installit in the summer of 2013.

H. Tatsumoto, T. Aso, K. Ohtsu, T. Uehara, Y. Kawakami, and S. Hasegawa
Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Neutron Source

69

Neutron Target Station

70

Neutron Sourcea homogeneous ternary Au-In-Cd alloy. In the nextstage, a Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) technique isapplied to obtain the bonding of the Au-In-Cd alloy
to the A5083 (See Sec.3).
2. Examination of the invar joint[1]For the 2nd moderator fabrication, the bonding
strength of the invar joint to SS316L and A6061 wasmeasured at two temperatures, room temperatureand 77 K. Figure 1 shows the yield strengths of theinvar joint with SS316L. From the results, it is clearthat the yield strengths of the invar joint specimens
are almost the same as those of the base materials. And it is also clear that the yield strength at low
temperature is two times higher than that at room
temperature. This result indicates that the invar joint
has enough bonding strength as required in the 2nd
moderator design. In addition, it is confirmed thatthe ductility of the invar specimens and their bonding ones at low temperature is higher than that atroom temperature.

700

Joint

Base material

600

77K
Yield strength (MPa)

1. Present states of the 2nd moderator and reflector
According to the proton beam operation schedule, the accumulated irradiation damage to thestructural material of the moderator and the reflector, such as aluminum alloy (A6061), will reach thedesign value (20 DPA) in 2019. Therefore, to replace the moderator and the reflector in 2019, fabrication of a 2nd moderator and reflector will start in2013. From the experience of the 1st moderator-reflector fabrication, several improvements are taken
into account in the 2nd moderator-reflector design.
Especially, it is notable that new materials, such as
invar alloy and gold-indium-cadmium (Au-In-Cd) alloy, are adopted.
The invar alloy has one order of magnitude lower
thermal expansion than aluminum alloy and stainless steel (SS316L). Therefore, the use of the invar
alloy as cryogenic pipe material makes it possible to
avoid the special fabrication, such as an asymmetrical setting at an elbow-shaped bend in the cryogenic
pipe, which was required in the 1st moderator fabrication. However, the development of the invar conversion joints, such as invar-A6061 and invar- SS316L
joints are required to utilize it in the cryogenic pipe.
We evaluated the mechanical strength of invar-joints
with the friction welding method (See Sec. 2).
For the 1st decoupled moderator, a silver-indiumcadmium (Ag-In-Cd) decoupler was developed inorder to obtain neutron beam pulse with short tail.
However, the Ag-In-Cd decoupler had the disadvantage of high residual radioactivity, such as 108mAg(half life of 418 years). A combination of Au, In andCd was selected as the decoupler material, resulting in three orders of magnitude lower radioactivity
than the Ag-In-Cd one without sacrificing the pulse
characteristics. In order to utilize the Au-In-Cd decoupler, we needed to develop the alloying of AuIn-Cd and to make the bonding between Au-In-Cd
and aluminum alloy (A5083) in terms of the heatremoval and thermal stress. In the case of alloying
of Au-In-Cd, we have already succeeded to make

500
400
300

RT

200
100
0

Invar-SS316

Invar

SS316L

Material
Figure 1. 
Measured yield strengths of joint specimens(Invar-SS316L) and base material ones (Invar andSS316L).

3. Development of an Au-In-Cd decoupler[2]We performed a bonding test between Au-In-Cd
alloy and aluminum alloy (A5083) by the HIP method. The conditions in the HIP test were: pressure of
100 MPa, holding time of 1 hour, and temperatureof 490, 505, 520, 535 and 550°C. As a result, forthe first time, we succeeded to bond the two alloys

Figure 2.	Cross sectional micrographs at the bonding regionof the HIP specimen with composition ratio of Al,
Au and Cd. The HIP temperature is 535°C.

at above 520°C in the HIP temperature. Figure 2
shows cross sectional micrographs at the bonding
region with material composition ratio measured
by EDX at 535°C in the HIP temperature. Though,in the 520°C case, layers of Au2Al alloy and Au2Cd
alloy are clearly separated in the diffusion layer, inthe 535oC case, the two alloys make an intermetallic
matrix in the diffusion layer as shown in the Fig. 2.
Then we measured the tensile strength of the
HIP specimens. The specimens at 520°C in the HIP
temperature were fractured before the tensile test.
At 535°C, the tensile strength of 95.2 MPa could beobtained. This value is three times higher than therequired strength in the design (30 MPa).
As a result, we found that the intermetallic matrix
appearing in the diffusion layer above 530°C in the
HIP temperature worked to increase the bonding
strength.
References[1]	M. Harada et al., submitted to J. Nucl. Mat.
(2013).
[2]	M. Ooi et al., submitted to J. Nucl. Mat. (2013).

M. Teshigawara, M. Harada, M. Ooi, and Y. Kasugai
Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Neutron Source71Radiation Safety

1. Radiological License Update
The radiological license was updated for the following items:(1)	Increasing the proton beam intensity from
320 kW to 350 kW,(2)	Installation of the “U-line” which is a secondarybeam line with ultra-slow muons.
The proton bean intensity in the continuous
beam operation to MLF target was increased from200 kW to 300 kW in November 2012. In order tokeep a sufficient margin for 300 kW operations, theproton beam intensity in the licensing was upgradedto 350 kW in advance.
2. Radiological Control of the Experimental Halls
The 1st and 2nd Experimental Halls meet the
specifications for contaminated controlled areas interms of airtightness and negative pressure control.
However, at the beginning of our first beam operation in 2008, we determined that the Halls were controlled as “uncontaminated” areas to hold the access easiness such as the followings:
	Experimenters can enter the Halls without wearing special suits and shoes for radiological contamination,
	
The contamination checks of their bodies andthe items they bring out are not necessary whenthe experimenters leave the Halls.
On the other hand, there were some issues
with the sample handling. Powder and liquid samples may contaminate floors and bodies, if spilled
out after neutron irradiation. In order to avoid suchkinds of “Radiological Accident”, we made rules tohandle samples according to the suggestions of the
Radiation Safety Office in J-PARC. The rules state:	
Powder and liquid samples must be sealed tightly within metal containers,
	
Activated samples must be handled in the “3rdpreparation room”.
The 3rd preparation room is designated as acontaminated area for handling activated samples.
Recently, some experimenters complained about
these rules. Practically, some experiments such as
the neutron-reflectometry experiment, which wasplanned at BL16, could not be carried out at first
because they needed to use some liquid samples
without any enclosures. But, finally, that could bedone by evaluating the induced radioactivity of theliquid sample and adjusting the experimental procedure along the rules. We are going to keep theuncontaminated areas as long as possible by considering practical and realistic approaches for eachexperiment.

Y. Kasugai, M. Ooi, and T. Kai
Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

72

Neutron SourceCooling System for Neutron Source

1. Introduction
The cooling system for the neutron source is installed to remove the heat generated by the proton
beam and the neutron irradiation. The cooling system is consists of three water systems for the neutron
source, two water supply systems for experimental
halls, air circulation system for shielding including theneutron shutters, secondary water system and supply and discharge system of gas and water [1].
The components of the cooling system havebeen maintained periodically to keep the performance and the safety of the neutron source.
The cooling water of the system is directly irradiated by protons and neutrons, and as a result, it
will become radioactive. It is necessary to conduct
the maintenance to prevent the wide spreading ofradioactivity and reduce the radiation impact on theworkers.
In this paper, It is shown that the radioactivity inthe cooling water of the systems and maintenancefor the components of the cooling system for theneutron source.
2. Radioactive Level of the Cooling System
There are three main water systems called 6551,
6552, and 6553 system for neutron source cooling.
The 6551 system is connected to the safety hull andthe reflector. The 6552 system is connected to theproton beam window (PBW) and three moderators.
The 6553 system is connected to a target trolley
and shielding in the helium vessel.
Figure 1 shows the tritium density in the coolingwater systems from the beam start. And the amountof the proton beam irradiation in the neutron sourceis also shown in the figure. The tritium density has
been increasing with the increase of the proton
beam irradiation. There are some points of decreasing density, because the water in the system is exchanged almost completely for the maintenance.
But the density decreased by one order through thewhole water exchange.

Table 1. Tritium in Cooling Water.

6551

6552

6553

Meas.

8.3E+04 2.4E+04 1.3E+04

Calc.

5.3E+04 4.6E+04

Bq/cm3

Table 2. Radioactivity in Cooling Water.

Be7
Na22
Mn54
Co56
Co57
Co58
Ta182

6551
1.4E+01
3.1E+01
4.0E-01――
8.4E-02―6552
4.2E+00
1.6E+00
3.2E-02―――8.0E-026553
4.8E+00―
1.6E-01
1.1E-02
2.2E-02――
Bq/cm3In Table 1, the tritium density in the three systems at Jul. 2013 is shown. In Table 1, the calculated estimation values are also shown. The tritium
density in the systems is not so far from the calculated estimation.
In Table 2, the radioactive density in the wateris shown. The amounts of Be7, Na22, and etc. increased with the proton beam irradiation.
3. Maintenance of Cooling System Components
The three water systems have two pumps each.
The pumps have 100% spec. for the rated system
flow rate. The pumps are operated alternately as A
system and B system for each operating cycle. The
facility operation is continued even in case of thepump trouble.
The pumps are canned pump and the performance is kept by the periodical maintenance including the overhaul with parts exchange.
The radioactive level of the water systems forthe neutron source become high and the ordinary
maintenance is not easy. Therefore, at the time ofseparation of the system and disassembly of thepump, the special suits, full-face mask and etc. are

Neutron Source73㻝㻚㻱㻗㻜㻡
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㻼㼞㼛㼠㼛㼚㻌㻮㼑㼍㼙㻌㻵㼚㼖㼑㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻞㻜㻞㻜 㻜㻤㻛㻜㻤 㻥㻛㻛㻞㻜 㻝㻜㻛 㻥㻜㻥 㻞㻥㻞㻜 㻛㻝㻛㻜㻥 㻝㻞㻜 㻛㻟㻛 㻢㻜㻥 㻝㻞㻜 㻛㻡㻛 㻝
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㻛 㻞
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㻝㻜 㻞㻤
㻛
㻞㻜 㻞㻛
㻝 㻝
㻞㻜 㻜㻛㻠 㻜㻝㻜 㻛㻤㻛㻞㻜 㻠㻛㻞
㻝㻞㻜 㻜㻛㻢 㻢㻝㻜 㻛㻞㻜 㻛㻢㻛 㻝
㻝㻜 㻞㻤
㻛
㻞㻜 㻢㻛
㻞㻜 㻝㻜㻛 㻟㻜㻝㻜 㻣㻛㻛㻞㻜 㻝㻞㻛 㻥㻝㻝 㻞㻜㻞㻜 㻛㻞㻛㻝㻝 㻞㻞㻜 㻛㻡 㻡㻝㻞 㻛㻝㻞㻜 㻛㻞㻛 㻥㻝㻞 㻞㻞㻜 㻛㻠㻛 㻞
㻝㻞 㻞㻟
㻛
㻞㻜 㻡㻛
㻞㻜 㻝㻞㻛 㻞㻡㻝㻞 㻣㻛㻛㻞㻜 㻝㻞㻛 㻞
㻝㻟 㻞㻣
㻛
㻞㻜 㻠㻛
㻝㻟 㻞㻡
㻛㻣
㻛㻡

㻜

㻿㼍㼙㼜㼘㼕㼚㼓㻌㻰㼍㼠㼑
Figure 1. Tritium density in primary cooling water and amount of Proton beam irradiation.

equipped and a local exhaust and air tight houseare set to prevent spreading pollution and irradiation. Furthermore, the maintenance work has been
conducted while measuring the pollution degree ofthe components by smears. Therefore, the pollution
level at the components area after pump maintenance has been kept very low and changes havenot been confirmed. In the case of a future rise in
the radioactivity concentration, airline suit and etc.
will be used for the cooling system maintenance.
4. Summary
The radiation level in the cooling system was estimated to be increasing with the proton beam power

rising. But the periodical maintenance will be needed
to keep the facility’s performance. Therefore, basedon the radioactive protection method, the maintenance plan will be made to work with the appropriate
protection. In the future, the cooling system will be
kept safe and stable and managed to contribute to
the smooth operation of the neutron source facility.
References[1]	Neutron Source Section, Material and Life
Science Division, Technical Design Report of
Spallation Neutron Source Facility in J-PARC,
JAEA Tech., 2011-035 (2011) 417.

H. Kinoshita, M. Seki, T. Suzuki, H. Ueno, and S. Meigo
Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

74

Neutron Source

General Control System of MLF

1. Introduction
For supplying muon and neutron beams safely
and efficiently, a General Control System (GCS)
operates within the MLF; it consists of several subsystems of integral control and interlock, network,
server, timing distribution systems, and a Personnel
Protection System (PPS). It is the advanced and independent system that controls the target stations
including a mercury target, neutron moderators withsupercritical hydrogen, and so on. It administers the
instruments and operating processes of the MLF invarious operating states such as the proton beamirradiations and target maintenances. Although the
GCS is an independent system, it works closely withthe control systems of the accelerators and otherfacilities in J-PARC [1].
Figure 1 (A) shows the schematic structure of
the current Monitor and Operation (MO) system of

the GCS. It consists of Personal Computers (PC)and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) such as
Administrative Control PCs (ACP), General Control
Panels (GCP), and Local Control Panels (LCP) connected to the looped optical network systems, named
MELSECNET-H (NET -H). The operations of various instruments in the MLF are executed from the
ACPs and the PPS operating PCs placed in the MLF
control room by operating the LCP of each instrument through the NET-H. Server systems such asa Data Storage (DS) server and a Web Distribution(WD) server, acquire various operation data throughthe NET-H, then transform, arrange, store, and distribute them. The PCs in Figure 1 (A) are installedwith the iFIX-SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition) as a framework software and iHistorianfor the DB server, where they have been used successfully for the operations of many plant facilities.

(B)

(A)

DS Server
based onPostgre SQL

WD Server
based onRTIP

DS Server
based oniHistorian

ACPs based on
iFIX-SCADAPPS Operating PC
based on iFIX-SCADAMELSECNET/H-II

ACPs based on
EPICS & CSS
PPSManagement
Panel

OPC Server

WD Server
based onWeb OPIPPS Operating PC
based on EPICS & CSS
OPC Server
for PPSMELSECNET/H-II

General Control Panels (GCP)

FA link
General Control Panels (GCP)

MELSECNET/H-I

PPSManagement
Panel

PPS Devices

More than 30 Local Control Panels (LCP) for Mercury
Circulation., Target Trolley , Muon Target, etc

MELSECNET/H-I

FA link
PPS Devices

More than 30 Local Control Panels (LCP) for Mercury
Circulation., Target Trolley , Muon Target, etc

Figure 1. Structure of (A) Current and (B) Upgraded Monitor and Operation (MO) systems.

Neutron Source75

2. Upgraded MO system in GCS
Since the first proton beam injection in 2008, the
GCS has been operated safely and stably without
any serious troubles in comparison with upgradesof the target systems for ramping up the proton
beam power and increments of the user apparatus
year by year. It also behaved according to its safety
design during the Great East Japan Earthquake in2011 [2]. The current MO system based on the iFIXSCADA has also functioned as expected. However,the downside is its costly maintenance because of
its poor flexibility on the Operating System (OS)and software versions. For example, all PCs, which
compose the MO system, must be replaced when
the OS is upgraded.
Improving the maintenance flexibility of the GCS
will result in a sustainable long-term operation; thatis why we planned a significant upgrade of the MO
system in 2013. According to the plan, we considered the schematic design of the upgraded MO system in 2012, based on the condition of the current
functions so as to control all LCPs, acquire, storeand distribute operation data of over 7000 items
in a suitable data format. Figure 1 (B) outlines theschematic structure of the upgraded MO system.
In Figure 1 (B), the following components for theMO system were adopted: Experimental Physics
and Industrial Control System (EPICS) as framework software, OPC server as a data input/output
module, Control System Studio (CSS) as a userinterface window, Postgre SQL for the DS server,
and Web OPI for the WD server. Furthermore, we
made the prototype of the upgraded MO system,
operated it in parallel with the current MO system,and evaluated its concrete performances with true
data such as data transmission speed from PLCs,
control functions from user interface windows, storage capability of the DS, long-term reliability, and soon. As a result, we were able to demonstrate that it
works sufficiently well, as designed.
References[1]	K. Sakai et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 600 (2009),
75.
[2]	K. Sakai et al., Proc. of International Collaboration
on Advanced Neutron Sources (ICANS-XX),
Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina, March 4–9,
2012, (2012), 113.

K. Sakai, M. Ooi, and A. Watanabe
Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center76

Neutron Source

Scenes from the Neutron Target Station

Makoto Teshigawara and Hidetaka Kinoshita enjoy a fruitful
discussion about test equipment for the tritium reduction gas
handling system.

Members of the target group dressed in air-line suits and facemasks carefully remove mercury from the target following anirradiation experiment in the hot cell.

Demonstration of the target exchange procedure using the
remote handling system.

Maintenance work is carried out on the water channel of thequadrupole magnets of the proton beam transport system.

Measurement of tritium gas density during operation of themercury target cover gas treatment system.

Katsuhiro Haga, Hidetaka Kinoshita, and Hideki Ueno discussa water flow experiment on the new spallation neutron target.

Neutron Source

77Neutron ScienceBL01: Fermi Chopper Spectrometer 4SEASONS—Improvement in the Background Suppression—

The suppression of unwanted background scattering and improvement of the signal-to-noise (S/N)
ratio are obviously important issues for the inelastic
neutron scattering instruments. On the Fermi chopper spectrometer 4SEASONS, we have been continuously upgrading the instrument to resolve these issues even after the start of the user program. In 2012,
we installed B4C vanes inside the vacuum scatteringchamber and polyethylene plates behind the detectorbank. Thanks to these new shielding materials, we
successfully reduced the background even further [1].
The vacuum scattering chamber of 4SEASONS
houses the detectors on the detector bank whichconstitutes a downstream part of the wall of thechamber. It consists of 11 panels, each of which canhold 32 pieces of 2.5 m 3He tubes. Currently, 6 detector panels are fully covered by the detectors. The
vanes, made of B4C resin, were installed verticallyat the gaps between each of the detector panels[Fig. 1(a)]. They are located parallel to the scattered
beam path to block neutrons scattered at the surfaces of the detectors and run across the scatteringchamber. Each of the vanes is 20 mm thick and 530
mm long along the beam path. This dimension of thevane does not make any shadow on the detectors.

Most of the outer wall of the vacuum chamber
had been covered with 100–200 mm-thick polyethylene plates or polyethylene beads to stop the neutrons coming in from the outside of the chamber.
However, the back of the detector bank had beenleft uncovered. In 2012, we covered this exposedpart of the outer wall of the vacuum chamber. We
covered the area of 23 m2 with 80 mm-thick polyethylene plates as shown in Fig. 1(b).
In order to evaluate the effect of the newly installed shielding materials on the background, we
performed test inelastic scattering measurements
using a single crystal sample of La1.82Sr0.18CuO4,
which is one of the copper oxide superconductors.
This compound shows very weak magnetic excitations in high energies, and the signal is easily affected by any background or spurious scattering. Figure2(a) shows the inelastic scattering spectrum at ~5 K
observed before the installation of the vanes andthe polyethylene plates. By the time we measured
these data, we had already installed one B4C vane
at one of the gaps of the detector panels, which corresponds to the position indicated by the arrow in
the figure. Though the magnetic excitation signals
can be observed at (±0.5, ±0.5), the whole detector

Figure 1.	(a) 3He detector tubes and absorbing vanes of B4C resin inside the vacuum scattering chamber of 4SEASONS.
(b) Polyethylene plates behind the detector bank inside the shielding house.

80

Neutron ScienceFigure 2.	Color maps of the inelastic scattering spectra of La0.82Sr0.18CuO4 at ~5 K measured (a) before and (b) after the installation of the shielding materials. The utilized incident energy is 204 meV. The data are cut at hω = 125±15 meV and is
projected onto the (H, K) plane.

bank, except the area to the left of the vane, showshigh intensity. This indicates that most of the detector bank is contaminated by a severe background,while the vane can suppress the background on thedetector panel next to the vane. In addition, several
streaks are observed at the positions corresponding
to the gaps between the detector panels, and someof them superpose the magnetic excitations. These
streaks were caused by neutrons that are scatteredby the gaps and hit detectors next to the gaps.
Figure 2(b) shows a similar inelastic scattering spectrum observed after the installation of theshielding materials. In contrast to Fig. 2(a), thebackground clearly decreases in the whole detectorbank. Furthermore, the annoying streaks completely
disappear. Actually, when we cut the spectra acrossthe magnetic excitations in Fig. 2(a), the obtained
profile is asymmetric and the peaks are too sharp

due to the overlap of contaminations. On the other
hand, in Fig. 2(b), we can obtain symmetric peaks
with appropriate widths with lower background [1].
These results proved that the present backgroundsuppression work is quite effective for observationof weak excitation signals.
Not only does the improved S/N ratio enable thedetection of signals weaker than before, but it alsoenables a measurement with a shorter time or witha smaller sample. Actually, after this improvement,
several nice data in cupurate superconductors,
itinerant magnets, multiferroic materials, etc. havebeen produced on the instrument.
References[1]	R. Kajimoto et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2013)
SA032.

R. Kajimoto1, M. Nakamura2, Y. Inamura2, K. Ikeuchi1, S. Ji1, K. Nakajima2, S. Ohira-Kawamura2, W. Kambara2,
M. Sawabe2, A. Kamiya2, K. Inoue2, T. Futagami1, M. Kobayashi1, A. Kishi1, K. Satou1, K. Aizawa2, and M. Arai2
1
Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Neutron Science81

BL02: Si Crystal Analyzer near Backscattering TOF Spectrometer DNA—Specification and Commissioning Results —1. Introduction
A Si crystal analyzer near-backscattering spectrometer, called DNA, is the first indirect geometry
instrument in MLF, which aims to explore, in thenanosecond timescale, the dynamical behaviors
of atoms and spins in bio-molecules, soft-materials, and so on. It sees the coupled moderator asa pulsed neutron source and is equipped with ahigh-speed pulse shaping disc chopper, aiming fora high energy resolution with high intensity. The instrumental overview and the specifications for DNA
are shown in Figure 1 and Table 1.
2. Construction works in 2012
Almost all spectrometer components were installed before February 2012, with the exception of
the No.1 high speed pulse shaping disc chopper.
The No.1 chopper, which is designed as a counterrotating double-disc chopper with maximum rotational frequency of 300 Hz, was set up with a single
disc and commissioned at 225 Hz in early October
2012 by using a long shut-down period.
To evaluate the incident neutron energy distribution at the sample position, and to measure thediffraction pattern from the powder sample, two diffraction-detector-units were installed in this period.
The analyzer coverage was extended to a scattering-angle range from -18 degrees to +126 degrees in the horizontal plain by adding some crystal
analyzer units, by the end of December 2012.
3. Beam Commissioning in 2012
The commissioning started from the beginningof February 2012. In this period, the pulse shaping
high speed chopper could not be operated, then we
operated the DNA spectrometer without the pulse
sharpening chopper at energy resolution of ∆E ~ 14
meV with wide energy transfer range: -1000 < E /meV < +1500.
After installing the No.1 high speed chopper,
the commissioning of high-resolution measurement

82

Neutron Science

Figure 1.	Overview of DNA. Each Number indicates a disc
chopper installed on the beam line BL02.

Table 1. Instrumental specifications of DNA.

Items
Specification
Neutron source (NS)
Coupled Liquid H2 Moderator
42 [m]
L1 (source-sample)~ 2.3 [m]L2 (sample-analyzer)~2.0 [m]L3 (analyzer-detector)
Pulse sharpening chopper (PS-chopper)
Max speed: 300Hz at ~7.5m from NS(Precent Max speed: 225Hz by 4 slit one disc)
Crystal Analyzer
Crystal and reflection index
Si(111)Si(311) in plan
Bragg angle of analyzers~87.5 [deg.]
Energy resolution~3.0 [μeV]: Si(111)~14 [μeV]: Si(111)Without PS-chopper~6 [μeV]: Si(311) expected.
Momentum range
0.07 < Q < 1.70 [A-1]: Si(111)0.60 < Q < 3.80 [A-1]: Si(311) in plan
Scan energy range: Si(111)-40 < E < 100 [μeV]:Single pulse scan around Ef-500 < E <1500 [μeV]:
Without PS-chopper in second frame(the specifications by the end of December 2012)
was carried out by using single disc with slits of 10
mm and 30 mm widths at 225 Hz in the maximum
rotational speed from the end of October 2012. At
this point, the energy resolution of 3.0 meV wasachieved.

Figure 2.	
Measurements of the tunnel spectrum for
4-Methylpyridine N-oxide powder with ∆E ~ 3.0
meV on BL02.

Figure 2 shows the tunneling spectrum for
4-Methylpyridine N-oxide with ∆E ~ 3.0 meV on
BL02. We realized an extremely low contribution of
instrumental background.

4.	Implementation progress of the user program in 2012A and 2012B
The user program started from May 2012. The
user program in 2012A, with 2 experiments, and2012B, with 5 experiments, was carried out andsome of those experiments obtained new findings,
which will be reported in near future.
Many experimental applications to the generaluser program from various scientific fields are expected in the future.
References[1]	N. Takahashi et al., Journal of Physics andChemistry of Solids 68 (2007) 2199.
[2]	N. Takahashi et al., Journal of the PhysicalSociety of Japan 80 (2011) SB007.

K. Shibata1, N. Takahashi2, Y. Kawakita2, K. Kamazawa1, T. Yamada1, K. Nakajima2, W. Kambara2, M. Kobayashi1,
Y. Inamura2, T. Nakatani2, S. Kasai1, K. Aizawa2, M. Arai2, and S. Fujiwara2,3
1
Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Quantum Beam
Science Directorate, JAEA

Neutron Science83Upgrading of the IBARAKI Biological Crystal DiffractometeriBIX at BL03

1. Introduction
The IBARAKI biological crystal diffractometer,
iBIX, is a TOF neutron single crystal diffractometerto elucidate the hydrogen, protonation and hydration structure of mainly biological macro molecules.
Since the end of 2008, the iBIX with 14 detectors
has been available to users’ experiments supported
by Ibaraki University. However, we needed a longtime for the measurement of protein samples because the accelerator at J-PARC was not operated at maximum power and the total solid angle ofthe detector was half of the final planning value. In
2012, we completed the upgrade of the 14 existing
detectors and installed the 16 new detectors for theiBIX. This paper reports the results of the iBIX upgrade.
2. Upgrade of the Detectors
Since August 2012, the new detector system has
been adapted; the process included the upgrade of
the 14 existing detectors and the installation of 16
new detectors for the iBIX. The new detector system improved dramatically the detector efficiency,
uniformity of sensitivity, spatial resolution and maintenance method. The following parts of the 14 existing detectors were upgraded: the scintillator packs
including scintillators, the wavelength shift fibers

strung for x and y direction (256 × 256 pixels), thephotomultiplier tubes, the light guide units and theencoder modules.
The total solid angle of detectors subtended bya sample and the average detector efficiencies after upgrading improved by 2 and 3 times respectively (solid angle: 9.1%→19.5% for 4π, efficiency:
19%→58%). The total measurement efficiency ofthe present diffractometer was on one order of magnitude from the previous one coupled with the increase of the accelerator power (200 kW→300 kW).
The uniformity of the detector-sensitivity in the direction of x and y axes before upgrading was about
20% for detector number 3. After upgrading, it was
reduced to about 10%.
In December 2012, the commissioning (installation on the diffractometer, noise reduction, determination of the measurement parameter for eachdetector, measurement test by the data acquisition
system with all detectors, etc.) of the new detector system could be succeeded by using a neutron
beam. The new diifractometer of the iBIX is shownin Fig. 1.
3.	Diffraction measurement with standard samples
We have tried to collect the diffraction datasetof Riboncrease A as a standard protein in order to

NeutronEfficiency :3 times
Solid angle :2 times

Sold angle :9.1%

NeutronSold angle :19.5%

Figure 1. The diffractometer of iBIX before upgrading (Left) and after upgrading (Right) of the detectors.

84

Neutron Scienceestimate the performance of the new diffractometerof the iBIX. The data reduction and refinement could
be succeeded. The resolution of diffraction data,
equivalence among intensities of symmetry related
reflections and reliability of the refined structure
have been improved dramatically in comparison
with these of the data of Riboncrease A obtainedby using the iBIX before upgrading. These results
imply that a full dataset of standard protein sample
can be collected by the new iBIX in about 4 days fora crystal of 2 mm3 in volume under 1 MW operationof the accelerator power in J-PARC. The new iBIX is
expected to reach one of the highest performancesof a neutron single crystal diffractometer for biological macro molecules in the world.

4. Feature prospects
In the future, the data reduction software should
be upgraded in order to improve the accuracy of thedata reduction for the integrated intensities of Braggreflections, to make the system user friendly and to
be available for samples with a large unit cell. For
example, background extraction, data correction
method, integration method, decentralized processing and peak de-convolution method will be developed in the next five years. In the case of the hardware, we should prepare the utility equipment for
sample environment (eg. multi purpose stage, lightsource, heating device and so on) and a fast andfriendly measurement system before an accelerator
power reaches 1 MW.

K. Kusaka1, T. Hosoya1, T. Yamada1, T. Ohhara2, K. Tomoyori1, M. Katagiri1, I. Tanaka1, and N. Niimura1
1
Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University; 2Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai

Neutron Science85

Cross-section Measurement of Neutron Capture
for Np-237 at ANNRI (BL04)

1. Introduction
Accurate cross section data of the neutroninduced reactions of MAs and LLFPs are required
for the study of nuclear transmutations. The crosssection at 25.3 meV is important because it is often
used as an anchoring point for relative cross section
measurements. The systematic uncertainties of thecross section are significantly reduced by normalizing the relative cross sections using the thermal
cross section.
The thermal cross sections are in many cases obtained by neutron activation measurements where asample of interest is irradiated with neutrons havingenergy distribution such as reactor neutrons. Hence,
one can obtain the averaged cross section under
this neutron spectrum. Then the averaged crosssection is calculated to the thermal cross section
using the Westcott’s factor [1]. The Westcott’s factor is defined as the ratio between the thermal crosssection and the Maxwellian averaged cross section.
In a recent measurement of 237Np(n, γ) at LANL [2],the Westcott’s factor of 0.944 ± 0.035 was obtained.
This value is about 4% smaller than the evaluations such as JENDL-4.0 [3], ENDF/B-VII.1 [4] andMughabghab [5].
In this measurement, the relative cross section
was obtained for 237Np(n, γ) and the Westcott’s factor was deduced using the ANNRI-NaI(Tl) spectrometer.
2. Experiment
The sample used in the measurement was a
mixture of neptunium dioxide (200 mg of 237Np) andaluminum pressed into a pellet shape of a 1-mm
thickness and 20-mm diameter. The pellet wassealed in an aluminum case and placed at a flight
length of 28 m. Capture γ rays were detected using
the ANNRI-NaI(Tl) spectrometer. Measurements foran aluminum case, carbon and without any sample
were also performed to estimate the backgrounds.
The obtained TOF spectra are shown in Fig. 1.

86

Neutron Science

Figure 1.	TOF spectra for the measurements of Np sample(black), Al case (red), carbon (green) and no sample (blue).

3. Results
In the data analysis, the dead time was corrected and the backgrounds due to the frame-overlap
neutrons, aluminum case and scattered neutrons
were subtracted. The effects of the self-shielding
and multiple scattering were corrected using the
PHITS [6] and JENDL-4.0 [3]. After these corrections, the TOF spectrum was divided by the neutron
spectrum which was measured by 10B(n, a1γ) reaction. More detailed information could be obtained
elsewhere [7].
The relative cross section obtained in the present work was normalized at the first resonanceusing JENDL-4.0 and the resulting cross section
is compared to the JENDL-4.0 in Fig. 2. From theobtained relative cross section, the Westcott’s factor was deduced as 0.988 ± 0.004sta ± 0.009sys. The
most influential sources of the uncertainty were theframe-overlap background and the thickness ofthe 10B sample. The Westcott’s factor obtained in
the present work agrees well with the evaluationsof JENDL-4.0 (0.983), ENDF/B-VII.1 (0.986) and
Mughabghab (0.982).

Figure 2. The cross section of 237Np(n, γ) reaction. A red line shows the JENDL-4.0 evaluation.

References[1]	C.H. Westcott, J. Nucl. Energy 2 (1955) 59.
[2]	E.-I. Esch et al., Phy. Rev. C77 (2008) 034309.
[3]	K. Shibata et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol 48 (2011) 1.
[4]	M.B. Chadwick et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 112(2011) 2887.

[5]	S.F. Mughabghab, “Atlas of neutron resonances”,
Elsevier (2006).
[6]	K. Niita et al., JAEA-Data/Code 2010-022 (2010).
[7]	K. Hirose et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol 50 (2012)
188.

K. Hirose1,*, A. Kimura1,2, and H. Harada1,2 on behalf of the ANNRI collaboration
1
Research group for Applied Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials andLife Science Division, J-PARC Center; *Present Address: Research group for reactions involving heavy nuclei, Advanced Science ResearchCenter, JAEA

Neutron Science87

Studies of Neutron Optics for Physics Researches

Introduction
At the NOP beamline (Neutron Optics andPhysics) installed at port BL05, the final preparation for neutron lifetime measurement and someother researches and developments are continuing.
The time projection chamber (TPC) used to detect
neutron beta decay was adjusted precisely for dataacquisition with high quality at a high polarization
beam branch. Neutron guide tubes were installed
upstream of the unpolarization neutron beam branch
to extract very slow neutrons for UCN experiments.
The chamber for gas scattering experiments wastested at the low divergence beam branch.
Commissioning for neutron lifetime measurement
The recent values of neutron lifetime deviate far
beyond the systematic errors claimed in the pastand require further improvement to be consistent
with the primordial Big Bang nucleo-synthesis.
We are continuing the neutron lifetime measurement at the polarized beam branch of the NOP
beamline installed at port BL05. The system consists of a neutron chopper (SFC) and a gas chamber (TPC) for detecting the electrons from the neutron beta decay [1]. The TPC contains diluted 3He
and the rate of the 3He(n,p)3H reaction is measured
by counting the protons. The neutron lifetime ismeasured as the ratio of the electron events to theproton events. Commissioning of the system has
started with a neutron beam. The electron eventsand the proton events were found with reasonable
signals (Fig.1). The 3He density and the gas pressure, which cause the systematic uncertainty of themeasurement, are also studied by using a mass
spectrometer. The precise analysis of the data isalso in progress.
UCN optics
Ultra-Cold Neutrons (UCNs), which are neutrons
with a velocity of less than 7 m/s, are used mainlyfor particle physics. To research and develop UCN

88Neutron Science

Figure 1. TPC and typical display of beta-decay.

optical devices, a Doppler shifter, which converts incident neutrons of 3.0 nm to pulsed UCNs, is working at the un-polarization beam branch. In order toincrease the incident neutrons, we have installed an
upstream guide tubes and mirrors. As a result, theintensity of neutrons from the Doppler shifter, which
consists of UCNs and faster neutrons, was 49 cps
with 300 kW proton beam power. It means that the
improvement of the neutron optics increases the intensity by about 20 times.
We have also demonstrated the focusing opticsof UCNs. The proper acceleration in the middle ofthe transport reconstructs dense UCN pulse at theexperimental apparatus. The acceleration can becontrolled by using RF spin flipper with changing its
frequency. Figure 2 shows that the reconstructed
neutron bunch arrived at the detector at a certain
time [2].

Precision measurement of scattering from window material
A measurement of the angular distribution of ascattering cross section is planned to be conducted
for the search of unknown medium range interactions between neutrons and neutral atoms. The scattering from the window material of the chamber forthe neutral atom gas must have large background.
We have started the precise studies of the scattering from the window material. A well-collimatedneutron beam at the low divergence beam branch
was injected into a thick single crystal silicon blockto precisely study the neutron scatterings other thanthe Bragg reflections from a single crystal.

Figure 2.	Setup for UCN focusing (up) and the ratio of TOF
spectra with and without focusing (bottom).

References[1]	H. Otono, Dr. Sc. Dissertation (University ofTokyo, 2012).
[2]	Y. Arimoto et al., Phys. Rev. A 86 (2012) 023843.

Y. Arimoto1, T. Ino2,3, S. Muto2,3, K. Taketani2,3, H. Oide3, T. Yoshioka5, H. Otono5, T. Yamada6, K. Mishima6, S. Yamashita6,
H. Sumino7, S. Imajo8, Y. Iwashita8, M. Yamada9, Y. Seki9, Y. Otake9, Y. Yamagata9, P. Geltenbort10, K. Hirota11,
M. Kitaguchi11, H. M. Shimizu11, T. Shima12, H. Funahashi13, K. Asahi14, and Y. Kiyanagi15
1
Accelerator Laboratory, KEK; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Institute of Materials Structure
Science, KEK; 4CERN; 5Department of Physics, Kyushu University; 6International Center for Elementary Particle Physics, University ofTokyo; 7Department of Physics, University of Tokyo; 8Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University; 9RIKEN; 10Institut Laue Langevin;11
Department of Physics, Nagoya University; 12Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University; 13Institute for Liberal Arts and Science,
Kyoto University; 14Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology; 15Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University

Neutron Science89Development of SuperHRPD and Structural Studyof Functional Materials

90

After the recovery from the damage by the earthquake on March 11, 2011, we restarted the activity
on BL08 SuperHRPD in April 2012. The damage
and reconstruction of BL08 was explained in detailin the previous annual report and the KENS report[1]. The most difficult point had been the replacement of the broken mirror and the re-alignmentof the beam-line to the experimental hatch. BL08
building moved to the north by 3 cm and to the eastby 5 cm and subsided by 9 cm at the expansion
joint. The sample position of SuperHRPD moved to
the north by 1.25 cm, to the east by 3.39 cm andsubsided by 2.77 cm. In addition to the recovery
process of the beam-line, we installed a new disk
chopper with 10B4C in order to cut the fast neutrons
to reduce the background.
The first trial of the measurement and analysis
using standard sample CeO2, taken in April 2012, isshown in Fig.1, in which we can see the successfully performed powder diffraction measurement andRietveld analysis as it was before the earthquake.
The intensity is also at the same level as before

the earthquake damage. In the upper panel of the
figure, data taken at three different detector banks,
backward bank, 90° bank and low-angle bank, areshown. Cleary, the hump in the background due tothe scattering of unwanted fast neutrons has diminished and the background level greatly improved.
The lower panel shows the Rietveld analysis of the
backward bank, and the fitting is satisfactory.
One of the tasks of SuperHRPD is powder diffraction with super-high-resolution experiment andalso application to a very complicated organic compound. We have several advancements on theseissues. Let us show the status of the resolution ofSuperHRPD first. The resolution of the TOF method
is simply expressed by the following equation:

Figure 1.	First-trial of the measurement and Rietveld analysis of standard sample CeO2 after the recovery ofSuperHRPD.

Figure 2.	Resolution of BL08 expressed by three different
contributions and the total one. 2θ angle is assumed as 165°.

Neutron Science(∆d/d)2 = (∆t/t)2 + (∆L/L)2 + (∆θ/tanθ)2Shown in Fig.2 is the contribution of each term at
BL08. Because of the long distance beam-line andthe very short pulse shape at the source, the first
two terms for Dd/d are very small and it is possible
to achieve the final goal of the designed resolution
at SuperHRPD; Dd/d = 0.035%. However, the current bottleneck is the third term, especially the resolution of the detector pixel size. Since we are stillusing the old detector of the Sirius diffractometerin KENS, the pixel size is about 12 mm, while thedesigned parameter for SuperHRPD is assumed tobe 3 mm in pixel size. Due to financial problems,
the improvement of the detectors at BL08 has been
postponed so far, thus we have tried to get better
resolution by using only very high angle area data
to increase tanθ term in the equation. Figure 2 iscalculated at 2θ = 165°. The calculation tells us that
almost all of the resolution at the present BL08 is
coming from the detector pixel effect.
In order to overcome the resolution within thepresent condition, we measured the powder diffraction profile using very high angle region, that is,higher than 175°. The purpose of the study was topin down the space group of the ferroelectric phasein SrTi18O3 and then the atomic displacement pattern to induce the polarization. SrTiO3 is a special
material among the well-known perovskite typestructures because the so-called tolerance-factor isalmost 1 in this compound so that soft-mode occurs
not only at the R and M points at Γ point. Not only
that, but also the distortion of the lattice is two order magnitude smaller than those in the other typicalperovskite type materials. This is the reason why the
structural study of the ferroelectric phase of SrTi18O3
has not been successful in the diffraction experimentyet. Only SuperHRPD has an ability or possibility tocomplete this task. Figure 3 shows the simulation of
the splitting of (200)c Bragg reflection upon the fer-roelectric phase transition from tetragonal phase toorthorhombic phase. Note that the unit cell form at
the ferroelectric phase is still unknown. If the model
as orthorhombic cell is correct and the resolution is0.035%, the final goal of SuperHRPD, the (200)c
profile will change to three peaks shape. At least,
when the resolution closes to 0.05%, we can expect
the shoulder peaks of three-peak features.
Figure 4 shows the observed profile of (400)c
Bragg reflection at 50 K (tetragonal phase) and at
4.8 K (ferroelectric phase). The data is accumulated
only at the high angle area, larger than 175°. The
resolution is estimated as 0.05%. At the tetragonalphase, we can see two peaks as it is expected fromthe tetragonal symmetry. On the other hand, at 4.8 K
it seems to split further more to form three peaks.
Thus, we can say the unit cell is orthorhombic orless symmetrical. We have performed the Rietveld
analysis using the all area data since the statisticsof the data at only the limited region more than 175°
is too poor. Based on the conclusion as shown in
Fig.4, we pin down the space group as F2mm withthe unit cell size 2a × 2b × 2c. The obtained atomic
displacement pattern is the so-called Slater mode
plus the anti-phase rotation of TiO6 molecule.
In order to improve the resolution, we are planning to replace part of the existing position sensitive detectors (diameter of f12.7) at the high angle

INTENSITY200d
Figure 3.	Simulation of the splitting of the (200)c Bragg reflection at various instrumental resolution, by assuming the orthorhombic unit cell.

Figure 4.	Observed profile of (400)c Bragg reflection at 50
K (tetragonal phase) and at 4.8 K (ferroelectricphase). Data is accumulated only above 175°
area.

Neutron Science91Figure 5.	New position sensitive detector for SuperHRPD.
The diameter is φ8.

region with new detectors with a smaller diameterof φ8. Figure 5 shows the new detector; when thepresent detectors are replaced with these newones, the resolution will be improved drastically, 2/3of the ∆θ term.
The next issue is the structure analysis of organic compounds. Under the increasing demandof the structure science with complicated structures
such as inorganic-organic composite materials, super molecules, pharmaceuticals, biomaterials, etc.,
crystal structure analysis of several small moleculesof amino acids and peptides such as glycine, alanine and glycyl-glycine, etc., have been performed.
Figure 6 shows the Rietveld fitting of deuterated glycyl-glycine (P21/c, a = 8.819 Å, b = 9.756 Å,
c = 9.782, β = 104.30°). The fitting was satisfactory.
Figure 7 shows the crystal structure of deuterated
α-glycine obtained from the present analysis together with that of hydrogenated α-glycine [2]. Becauseof the difference of H and D in the molecule, lattice
parameters are different, but the obtained atomic
coordinates are almost the same except the differences of H and D atoms. In the figure, the reported

Figure 6.	Rietveld fitting of glycyl-glycine based on the P21/c
model.

Figure 7.	Wire-frame drawings of α-glycine based on thepresent analysis with that in reference [2]. Two
drawings are completely overlapped.

structure and the present result are simultaneously
drawn with completely overlapped lines. The detailsof the activity of organic materials on SuperHRPD
will be reported separately.
References[1]	T. Kamiyama et al., KENS report XVIII (2011)
23.
[2]	
Per-Gunnar Jonsson and Ake Kvick, Acta
Cryst. B28 (1972) 1827.

S. Torii1,2, M. Yonemura1,2, T. Muroya2, Y. Noda3, J. Zhang1,2, Y. Ishikawa2, M. Ping2, and T. Kamiyama1,2
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Tohoku
University

92

Neutron ScienceDevelopment of an Advanced Special Neutron Powder Diffractometer
under Extreme Environment for Materials

1. Introduction
The progress of technological innovation inrechargeable batteries is attracting much attention to overcome the issues of greenhouse gas
emissions and to solve the limitation of the fossil
energy resources. Despite the impressive growthof the utilization of nickel-metal hydride batteries
and lithium ion batteries, the advancement andinnovation of the technology is too slow and thescientific understanding underling the battery
technology lags.
When the lithium ion battery starts to give electric power to a system, lithium-ions transfer between the positive and negative electrodes. The
structural change of the two electrodes after thetransformation of lithium ions through the interfaces between each electrode and the electrolyte
solution is very important not only from a scientificviewpoint but also from a technological one. The
information of the structural changes of the twoelectrodes and the location of the lithium ions will
give us guidelines for improvement of the present
lithium ion battery and the invention of an out-ofthe-box battery.
In order to clarify the structure of the positive
and negative electrodes and the interface between
the electrode and electrolyte solution at an atomic
level, a new neutron powder diffractometer, SPICA,
has been designed and constructed as one of thestate-of-the-art measurement apparatuses. It is wellknown that neutron is a more powerful probe to get
information about the location and movement oflight elements like hydrogen and lithium atoms incomparison with X-ray.
2. Present status
The SPICA diffractometer is installed at the BL09
beam line with the decoupled-poisoned moderator
and the flight path from the moderator to the sample
position is L1 = 52 m to achieve high resolution. The
sceneries of the assembling work of the main unitsof the SPICA diffractometer and the installation operation of the T0 chopper are shown in Figure 1(a),(b) and (c), (d), respectively.
As shown in Figure 2, the diffraction of NISTTiO2 powder was measured in order to checkup the counter systems (low angle, 90˚ angle,
high angle and back scattering) and their performance. All diffraction profiles indicate goodsignal-to-noise ratio, that is, low background. The
best resolution was recognized to be less than
0.09%. The good performance, low backgroundand high resolution, of the SPICA diffractometer
will allow us to analyze the detailed structure andits change of the battery element materials during the discharge and charge cycles in an in-situ
measurement.
Various kinds of apparatuses have been establishing for ex situ and in situ measurements ofbattery element materials under a wide variety of
special environments. Figure 3 shows the automatic sample changer that can load 40 samples.
Using the equipment, 40 samples can be measured in ex situ condition automatically and incontinuity.

Figure 1.	The construction of the SPICA diffractometer (a),(b) and the installation of the T0 chopper (c), (d).

Neutron Science

93

111
020
110

120

011

020

90° Angle

011

020

High Angle

110

120

111

110

120

011

111

110

Intensity / counts per 4 micro sec.

011

020

111

Low Angle

BackScatting

0

20

40

60

80

100

120×103

Time Of Flight / micro sec.

Figure 2. Diffraction profiles of TiO2 powder at the low angle, 90°angle, high angle and back scattering bank.

Acknowledgements
This work was supported predominantly by
the RISING project, Research and Development
Initiative for Scientific Innovation of New Generation
Batteries, of NEDO, New Energy and Industrial
Technology Development Organization. The neutron scattering experiment was approved by the
Neutron Scattering Program Advisory Committee of
IMSS, KEK (Proposal No. 2009S10).

Figure 3.	
The automatic sample changer for the ex situ
measurement.

M. Yonemura1,2, T. Fukunaga3, K. Mori3, T. Kamiyama1,2, M. Nagao1,2, Y. Ishikawa2, S. Torii1,2, Y. Onodera3, R. Tomiyasu2,
H. Asano2, T. Sakuma4, T. Ishigaki5, A. Hoshikawa5, K. Aizawa1, S. Harjo1, K. Kino6, Y. Idemoto7, N. Kitamura7, H. Arai8,
and Y. Uchimoto9
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Research
Reactor Institute, Kyoto University; 4Institute of Applied Beam Science, Ibaraki University; 5Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic
Sciences, Ibaraki University; 6Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University; 7Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of
Science; 8Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University; 9Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies,
Kyoto University

94

Neutron ScienceBL10: NOBORUNOBORU was one of the day-1 instruments at
MLF, it conducted an user program since 2008. In
FY 2012, 19 general use proposals, 2 project use
proposals and 1 urgent proposal were approvedand carried out at NOBORU. The availability of thebeam-line was 100%. Some notable results wereobtained using NOBORU this year (see Science
Highlights in this report).
The biggest issue of NOBORU was that lack ofworking space and difficult accessibility for setup
and clearance of each experiment. As shown in the
top segment of Fig. 1, the delta of BL10 was wedged
between BL09 and BL11 with an added large capacitor bank for the experiment using pulsed highmagnetic field. We decided to move it under thecable rack of BL10. The operation was completed
in September by the MLF stuff, as shown in lower
segment of Fig. 1. A minimum depository space forthe experimental apparatus was also saved.
NOBORU serves not only the R&D for TOFimaging, but is also used in conventional radiography. An Electron Multiplying CCD (EM-CCD) camera
was purchased and its optical components were investigated. Figure 2 demonstrates the capability ofthis camera. We confirmed that its best resolution
exceeds that of neutron-IP (BAS-2500 system; 50mm) with a field of view smaller than 5 cm. The CT
software for this camera will be available in FY 2013.

Figure 2.	Neutron radiograph of a Siemens star developedin PSI [1]. The values at the red arrows indicate
the pitch of the Gd absorber.

References[1]	C. Grünzweig, et al., REVIEW OF SCIENTIFICINSTRUMENTS 78 (2007) 053708.
Figure 1.	Working space of NOBORU in early September(upper) and in the end of September (lower).

K. Oikawa, M. Harada, and T. Kai
Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Neutron Science95

BL11: Performance of High Pressure Neutron
Diffractometer PLANETPLANET is a powder neutron diffractometer built
specifically for high-pressure conditions. The construction was finished in March 2012 and the commissioning started from April 2012. Here, we introduce thebeamline performance revealed in the commissioning.
Resolution of the diffraction patternFigure 1 shows the diffraction pattern of Si powder in standard V capillary. The resolution of the diffraction pattern was found to be ∆d/d~ 0.6% overwhole d-range. This value is almost the same as thedesigned value of ∆d/d~ 0.5%.
Elimination of the sample surrounding materials
In the high-pressure experiments, the sample
is surrounded by various materials, such as MgO
sample container, graphite tube heater and ZrO2

pressure transmitting medium (see Fig. 2). To analyze the crystal and liquid structures precisely, theelimination of the scattering from the sample surrounding materials is indispensable. For this purpose, PLANET is equipped with the severe collimator system of the incident 4D slit and the radial collimators. This system can confine the gauge volume,
typically 3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm, which enables us toobtain the information almost only from the sample
in the high-pressure cell designed for high-pressureand high-temperature experiments (see Fig. 3).
High-pressure experiments
Figure 4 shows the pressure generated with themulti-anvil press “ATSUHIME”. By using WC anvils,
we can approach the pressure of 7.7 GPa (for Bi III-V
transition). This result indicates that we can conduct
high-pressure neutron experiments at 10 GPa using
a relatively large sample with a volume of 21 mm3.
Figure 5 shows the pressure dependence of thediffraction pattern of Si powder. When increasing thepressure, the intensity was severely reduced due to thedecrease in the anvil gap. The exposure time needed
for collecting 20k counts for Si220 is shown in Fig. 6.

Figure 1.	Diffraction pattern of Si powder (NIST #640b) in a V
capillary.

Figure 2.	Typical cell assembly to be used in the high-pressure and high-temperature neutron diffraction.

96

Neutron Science

Figure 3.	Diffraction patterns of the Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) inthe high-pressure cell (see Fig. 2) with (upper) andwithout (lower) the radial collimators. The scatteringfrom the sample surrounding materials completely
vanishes with the use of the radial collimator.

Figure 4.	Pressure generation curve of the 6-axis multi-anvilpress, where TEL and PM mean the truncationedge length of the anvil and the size of the pressure transmitting medium, respectively.

Figure 6.	Exposure time needed for collecting 20k counts
for Si220, which is estimated from the anvil gapintensity relation and the pressure dependence ofanvil gap. The electric power shown in the figure
represents that of the proton beam supplied by theaccelerator.

Figure 5. Pressure dependence of the diffraction pattern of Si powder.

This beamline opened for project members in
Nov. 2012 and will be opened for general users in
Feb. 2013. This project is supported by Grant-in-Aid
for Creative Scientific Research (19GS0205) fromthe Japan Society for Promotion of Science andGrant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative
Areas (No. 20103001) from the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of
Japan.

T. Hattori1,2, A. Sano1,2, A. Yamada3, H. Arima4, W. Utsumi1,2, H. Kagi5, and T. Yagi3
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 3Geodynamics
Research Center, Ehime University; 4Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University; 5Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo

Neutron Science97

High Resolution Chopper Spectrometer at BL12

1. Introduction
The High Resolution Chopper Spectrometer(HRC) is being operated at BL12 to study the dynamics in condensed matters with high resolutions
using relatively high energy neutrons. A research
project using the HRC is being conducted to establish a comprehensive picture of the condensed matter physics by observing a wide range of correlated
electron systems. We selected some topics among
the experiments and focused on the following four
points of view: novel ground states in low dimensional quantum spin systems, interactions amongspin, charge, orbital and lattice in electron systems
with strong or medium electron correlations, originof magnetism in ferromagnetic metals, magnetism
related to characteristic structures in strongly correlated electron systems. We performed experiments
involving these subjects.
2. Instrumentation
For this purpose, we implemented the following
improvements in the HRC. As a result, in particular,
the neutron Brillouin scattering (NBS) experiments
became feasible [1].
A collimator system, composed of slits of vertical
cadmium sheets, was installed just upstream of thesample in order to reduce the background noise.
The collimators with collimation of 0.3° and 1.5° are
mounted in the system, each of the two can be selected by an elevation mechanism with a motor control. On the HRC, position sensitive detectors (PSD)
are mounted at the scattering angles φ = 3 − 42°
for conventional inelastic neutron scattering experiments, the background noise for these experiments
was successfully reduced by using the 1.5° collimator. Also, PSDs are mounted at low angles down to
φ = 0.5°, the 0.3° collimator can reduce the background in this low angle part. This 0.3° collimator iseffective for NBS.
The computer environment consists of data
analysis software and an experiment control plat-98

Neutron Scienceform. The data analysis software was improvedin the following points: the intensity normalization
process for the inelastic neutron scattering frompowder samples was improved, the analyzed data
were transformed to the standard Mslice format for
convenience of the users, and the alignment of thesample crystal became very easy. The experimentcontrol platform was also improved, so almost all
the hardware on the HRC can be controlled fromthe computer terminal and these operations can beconnected with the data acquisition (begin/end of
running). In addition, a conceptual design was performed to improve the analysis software and the experiment control platform .
For conventional inelastic neutron scatteringexperiments, 128 pieces of 2.8 m-PSDs, which aremounted into two detector banks, cover φ = 3 − 42°
at present. PSDs for the next detector bank werepurchased, and will be installed soon.
The cryopump is being operated to provide highvacuum in the scattering chamber. The algorithmof the regeneration process of the cryopump was
improved, and so its full pumping capacity became
available.
The scattering chamber and its vacuum systemwere installed in 2009. The maintenance work forthem was performed. In particular, the normal property of the large thin Al window on the surface ofthe chamber, designed on the assumption of a finite
lifetime due to permitting the plastic deformation of
the window, was confirmed.
To cool the sample down to 4 K stably, a GMtype refrigerator was installed.
Since the cadmium slits were successfully operated for the incident beam collimator, an oscillatingradial collimator was manufactured for the collimation of the scattered neutron beam. Its performance
will be investigated soon.
A deck connecting the space of BL12 to the mezzanine was constructed, completing the mezzanine
in the 1st experimental hall.

References[1]	S. Itoh, Y. Endoh, T. Yokoo, D. Kawana, Y.
Kaneko, Y. Tokura, and M. Fujita, J. Phys. Soc.
Jpn. 82 (2013) 043001.

108E (meV)

3. NBS Experiments
The NBS, which is inelastic neutron scattering in
the forward direction, provides a promising way toobserve ferromagnetic spin waves in polycrystalline
samples. By improving the collimation as mentioned
above, the NBS became feasible on the HRC. We
successfully determined the spin wave dispersion
relations of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and SrRuO3, by using
polycrystalline samples [1], as shown in Fig. 1.

6
4
2
0
0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Figure 1.	Spin-wave dispersion curves for La0.8Sr0.2MnO3and SrRuO3 determined on the HRC. The solidlines are fitted curves. The dashed line is theupper boundary accessible with a conventional
spectrometer.

S. Itoh1,2, T. Yokoo1,2, T. Masuda3, H. Yoshizawa3, D. Kawana3, M. Soda3, and Y. Ikeda3
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3The Institutefor Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo1

Neutron Science99

BL14 AMATERAS

1. Introduction
JFY2012 was the 4th year since AMATERAS [1](Fig. 1) has been opened to users. Fortunately,
AMATERAS did not suffer any serious after effects
from the earthquake in 2011. However, we encountered several problems, which caused a certain
amount of beam time loss in JFY2012. In the courseof the instrumental activities, we performed maintenance, tests and development of the auxiliary devices
and made efforts to improve the spectrometer. It
should be also reported that Dr. Yukinobu Kawakita
has joined our group since the end of this fiscal year.
2. Instrumental Activities
In JFY2012, 36 days of beam-time were spentas instrument-group-use. In the end of JFY2011, we
found deformation of one of the disks of the highspeed disk-choppers, and had to stop the operationof this disk, which caused limitation of the achievable resolution and loss of intensity. A new disk wasdelivered in the beginning of JFY2012, and we car-ried out the replacement and commissioning of the
new disk. Other maintenance works involving thedetector electronics and other devices have been
also done.
We also made efforts to develop auxiliary devices
and improve the spectrometer performance. An
oscillating radial collimator (ORC) was developedby the MLF in-house staff. After off-beam and onbeam tests (Fig. 2), the ORC was used in an actual
experiment in January, 2013. The further efforts to
reduce the background continued. The time-independent background became a serious problem insome users’ experiments. We spotted the floor under the scattering chamber as one of its sources.
Additional shielding on the floor is under preparation. In the course of the study of the beam transport
to increase the flux at the sample position, we have
replaced the end section of the guide mirror withhigher-performance one. The increase in the flux
was as expected. As a response to this result, weordered 8.6 m of new mirror, which will be installed

Figure 1. AMATERAS in November, 2012.

100

Neutron ScienceFigure 2. Test of a new oscillating radial collimator.

in 2013 together with the re-alignment work of thefull beam-transport.
AMATERAS experienced series of problems.
During one of the users’ experiments, a sample
stick was unexpectedly blown out from user carry-in
Orange cryostat due to a sudden evaporation of thecondensed air inside the sample space. Fortunately,
there were neither injuries nor serious damage ofthe instruments. However, the investigation of this
accident stopped the AMATERAS operation forthree days. Also, the user program was interrupted
twice due to troubles of a cryostat and the beam
shutter controller. These problems caused beamtime loss. The main part of the loss was coveredby the instrument-group-use beamtime to minimize
the effect to the user activities. Some of the planned
instrumental study and commissioning were cancelled or postponed to JFY2013.

3. User Program
AMATERAS accepted two project use proposals,
27 general use proposals, including four reserved
ones, and one urgent use proposal in JFY2012. The
accepted project use proposals are ‘Research on
structure and electronic properties of functional materials by AMATERAS spectrometer’ (PI: T. Masuda)and ‘Project research on structure and dynamics ofprotonic, superionic and amorphous functional materials’ (PI: Y. Kawakita). The general use proposals reflect the wide variety of their research fields.
It is notable that more than 2/3 of them were in thefield of condensed matter physics. Two proposalsof them were cancelled because of problems in thesample preparation. Two other proposals were interrupted or had their beam time reduced due to the
problems mentioned in Section 2.
We have used a bottom-loading 4He closed-cycle
refrigerator for most experiments as a standard sample environment (SE) equipment of AMATERAS. In
this fiscal year, other SE equipments such as user’s
carry-in and BL-common use ones were required
more than before. A project use experiment used ahigh-temperature furnace by setting into the ORC to
cut off neutrons scattered at niobium heaters, radiation shields and outer vacuum chamber. An Orange
cryostat, which was used for a general use experiment, is quite useful for low-temperature experiments. Since some safety problems were pointed
out on its sample stick through the investigation of
the accident, we will improve the design for the stick
and make a new one in JFY2013.
References[1]	K. Nakajima, S. Ohira-Kawamura, T. Kikuchi etal., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80 (2011) SB028.

K. Nakajima, S. Ohira-Kawamura, Y. Kawakita, and T. Kikuchi
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Neutron Science101Development and Commissioning of TAIKAN

The small and wide angle neutron scattering
instrument TAIKAN (BL15) has been developed tocharacterize microstructures or hierarchical structures precisely and efficiently with a 1 MW spallation
neutron source at the J-PARC.
TAIKAN’s main set of components includes:
optical devices, 4 choppers (3 disk choppers anda T0 chopper), a sample stage, a vacuum scattering chamber, 4 detector banks (small-, middle-,
and high-angle, and backward detector banks) with3
He PSD tubes with 8 mm in diameter and about
0.6 MPa in 3He gas pressure, and a ultra-smallangle detector bank with a high-resolution 2-dimensional detector.
Figure 1 shows the small-, middle-angle detectorbanks in the vacuum scattering chamber, and thehigh-angle detector bank in the atmosphere. The
3
He PSD tubes were added on the middle-angle detector bank in FY2012. The numbers of 3He PSD
tubes were increased to 632, 304, and 104 for thesmall-, middle-, and high-angle detector banks, respectively.

Figure 2 shows the backward detector bankand a sample changer on the sample stage. On
the detector bank 48 3He PSD tubes were installed
to make the maximum q value, qmax, 250 nm-1 at
the maximum scattering angle of 2θmax = 160o and0.05 nm in neutron wavelength.
Figure 3 shows a chamber of an ultra-smallangle detector and a N2 neutron beam monitor on
an exchanger in the vacuum scattering chamber.
A high-resolution 2-dimensional scintillation detector with an active size of about 5 inch in diameterand a spatial resolution of about 0.5 mm will be installed in the chamber in FY2013. The N2 neutron

Figure 2. A backward detector bank and a sample stage.

Figure 1. Small-, middle-, and high-angle detector banks.

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Neutron Science

Figure 3.	A chamber of an ultra-small-angle detector (right)
and a N2 neutron beam monitor (left).

beam monitor is a low efficiency detector developed
for monitoring an intense neutron beam producedby the spallation neutron source at the J-PARC.
In TAIKAN two N2 neutron beam monitors are installed. One is installed at the position shown in
Fig. 3, and the other is installed directly upstream ofthe sample stage. These N2 neutron beam monitors
are used to measure the neutron flux of an incident
beam and the transmission of a sample for normalizing the neutron scattering intensity.
The characteristic of TAIKAN was evaluated witha neutron beam. Figure 4 shows a neutron scattering profile of a standard sample of glassy carbon
with thickness of 1 mm, which was obtained withthe small- and middle-angle detector banks, and the
backward detector bank. The beam size at the sample position is 10 mm × 10 mm. The neutron wavelength used in data analysis is from 0.07 to 0.76 nm.

Both Guinier region and Porod region had been observed with only the small-angle detector bank sofar, but a diffraction profile was also observed successfully in the q region of about 6 - 160 nm-1 withthe middle-angle and backward detector banks. It
was confirmed that the diffraction originated fromthe glassy distribution of carbon atoms. On the figure an USAXS profile measured by Dr. Ilavsky of
APS is also plotted in arbitrary unit as a reference.
The sample changer shown in Fig. 2 has beenmostly used by users. A 10-sample set in sample
holders can be mounted simultaneously on thesample changer. The temperature of the samples
can be controlled between 5 and 80oC. Figure 5
shows a 1Tesla-electromagnet for the experimentof magnetic materials. In order to cool a sample, a4K-cryostat can be installed into the electromagnet.

Figure 4. Scattering profiles of glassy carbon.

Figure 5. A 1Tesla-electromagnet with a 4K-cryostat.

J. Suzuki1, S. Takata2, K. Ohishi1, H. Iwase1, T. Tominaga2, T. Shinohara2, T. Oku2, T. Nakatani2, Y. Inamura2, T. Ito1,
K. Suzuya2, K. Aizawa2, M. Arai2, T. Otomo2,3, and M. Sugiyama4
1
Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Institute of Materials
Structure Science, KEK; 4Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University

Neutron Science103Free Liquid Interface Measurement Using Horizontal Type
Neutron Reflectometer SOFIA

Neutron reflectometry (NR) is greatly valid forinvestigations on structures of surfaces and buriedinterfaces composed of soft materials. A beam line
(BL) 16 in J-PARC/MLF is dedicated for a horizontal
type neutron reflectometer. At BL16, two downward
neutron beams (2.22° and 5.71°) are transported
from a coupled hydrogen moderator to irradiate freesurface such as air-water interface. In order to realize a neutron reflectivity measurement with a highflux neutron beam at J-PARC/MLF as early as possible, we started to accept the neutron beam with
“ARISA-II” reflectometer relocated from the KENS
facility in 2008 [1]. However, the motion range ofthe slits, sample and detector stages were so shortthat only the 2.22° beam line at BL16 was used, because the components of ARISA were not designed
for this beam line. This is a serious disadvantage
in an air-liquid interface measurement to observehigh-q region with a high incident angle.
To overcome this problem, ARISA-II was replaced with a brand-new reflectometer “SOFIA(SOFt-Interface Analyzer)” in 2011 through the collaboration between JST/ERATO and KEK [2, 3].
Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of SOFIA in
the experimental hutch. With the new slit, sample,
and detector stages, we can accept the 5.71° beamline as well as the 2.22° beam line. This enables

us to measure NR over wide scattering vector (q)region on free liquid surfaces. Also, the slit system
can finely collimate to irradiate an area of 10 mm ×
10 mm, a typical sample size for synchrotron lightsources, with an angular resolution of 3%.
The regulation to treat liquid sample was, however, very strict and it was not allowed to measure
air-liquid interface in J-PARC/MLF. This year, thisregulation was drastically relaxed and the air-liquidinterface measurement was permitted. For this measurement, a Langmuir trough was newly installed tocreate a monolayer on a free water surface (Fig. 2).
The result of the test measurement shows a clear

Figure 2.	New Langmuir trough to create a monolayer on a freewater surface for neutron reflectivity measurement.

Figure 1. Side view of SOFIA reflectometer placed at BL16 in J-PARC/MLF.

104

Neutron ScienceReflectivity

10

0

10

-1

10

-2

D2O
stearic acid/D2O (40 mN)

-3

10
10

-4

10

-5

10

-6

10

-7

0.0

0.5

1.0
1.5
-1
Qz [nm ]2.0

2.5

Figure 3.	Neutron reflectivity profiles from air/heavy waterinterface and from air/stearic acid/heavy water interface.

fringe, which originated from a partially deuterated
stearic acid monolayer (Fig. 3). Thanks to the highflux beam of J-PARC/MLF, only 30 minutes areenough to take good statistics, which is 10 times
less than that of KEK-PS. The background levelis, however, still high due to neutrons hitting at thetrough. To solve this problem, we are developing aneutron absorber to suppress the background.
References[1]	K. Mitamura et al., J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 272(2011) 012017.
[2]	N. L. Yamada et al., Euro. Phys. J. Plus 126(2011) 108.
[3] 	K. Mitamura et al., Polymer J. 45 (2013) 100.

N. L. Yamada1,2, K. Mitamura3,4, N. Torikai5, H. Sagehashi1,2, S. Sato1,2, H. Seto1,2, T. Oda6, M. Hino6, M. Furusaka7,
and A. Takahara3,4
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3JST, ERATO,
Takahara Soft Interfaces Project; 4Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engneering, Kyushu University; 5Graduate School of Engineering,
Mie University; 6Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University; 7Department of Quantum Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University

Neutron Science105

BL17: Polarized Neutron Reflectometer SHARAKU

1. Introduction
SHARAKU （写楽）
, named after the famous
Japanese ukiyo-e printer, is a polarized neutron reflectometer [1]. The installation was completed at theend of 2011, and the user program started in 2011B.
Twelve general researches and four project researches were conducted in fiscal year 2012, although wewere still working to upgrade the reflectometer especially for the polarized neutron reflectometry [2].
2. The basic performance of the reflectometer
2.1 Specular Reflectivity down to 10-7
We achieved a measurement of the specularreflectivity down to the 10-7 order using unpolarized
neutrons without any background subtraction (Fig. 1).
The sample is a Ni/Ti multilayer on a Si substrate. The
thickness of both Ni and Ti layers in the bilayer is approximately 5 nm each, and the number of the stacks
is 20. Fringes are clearly observed in the q-region between qc of the total reflection and the 1st Bragg peak.

106

Fe/Si polarizing supermirrors are used for the analyzer. Both devices were fabricated by Swiss Neutronics.
Two-coil spin flippers are employed to flip the polarized neutron spin before and after the sample.
Wavelength dependences of flipping ratios areplotted in Fig. 2, and those of a product of polarizing efficiency of the polarizer and the analyzer, pp,
and flipping efficiencies of the flippers, f1, and f2 areshown in Fig. 3. The efficiencies indicated in Fig.
3 are calculated using the values in Fig. 2. Figure
3 indicates that the polarizer, the analyzer, and thetwo spin flippers, all work very well. The maximum
flipping ratio is approximately 50 for the 0.3 nm
neutron, and linearly decreases with increasing the
wavelength. There is no additional fine structure in

2.2	Performance of the polarizing devices (polarizer, analyzer, and spin flipper)
The key devices of the polarized neutron reflectometers are a polarizer, an analyzer, and a spin-flipper. The polarizer of this reflectometer consists of 4qc
Fe/Si polarizing supermirrors which align with doubletransmission geometry, and a stack of the same 4qc

Figure 2.	Flipping ratios according to status (active or inactive) of each spin-flipper.

Figure 1.	Specular reflectivity of a Ni/TI multilayer using unpolarized neutrons.

Figure 3.	Polarizing efficiency, and flipping efficiencies ofthe devices for polarized neutrons.

Neutron Sciencethe flipping ratios and the efficiencies. It enables us
to do a simple data correction.
3. Sample environment equipment
An external magnetic field is indispensable to thereflectometry of magnetic multilayers. A conventional
electromagnet is usually used for the experiments.
This magnet is water cooled and produces magnetic
fields of up to 10 KOe. We have a cryocooler which
can control the sample temperature between 3 K and
the ambient temperature. A superconducting magnet
that produces a magnetic field of up to 70 kOe has
been introduced to MLF. This magnet is also available. Reflectivity measurements can be performed
down to 50 mK under magnetic fields up to 70 kOe in
combination with a 3He variable temperature insert.
As the first user of the 7T magnet, we conducted
the initial performance test in collaboration with thesample environment (SE) team of MLF. The magnet
successfully generated magnetic fields of up to 70
kOe. Then, polarized neutron reflectivity measurements in a general use program were performed using this SM at low temperatures.

Figure 4.	The 7 T superconducting magnet on the sample
table of SHARAKU.

References[1]	M. Takeda et al., Chinese J. Phys. 50 (2012) 161.
[2]	H. Hayashida, M. Takeda, D. Yamazaki, R.
Maruyama, K. Soyama, M. Kubota, T. Mizusawa,
N. Yoshida, Y. Sakaguchi, Physica B 42 (2013)
130.

M. Takeda1,2,3, D. Yamazaki1,4, K. Soyama1,3,4, R. Maruyama4, H. Hayashida4, M. Kubota1,2, H. Asaoka1,2, K. Aizawa2,
M. Arai2, Y. Inamura2, W. Kambara2, K. Kaneko1,2, T. Nakamura4, T. Nakatani4, K. Oikawa5, T. Ohhara6, K. Sakasai4,
T. Shinohara2, K. Suzuya2, N. Takahashi2, S. Takata2, I. Tamura2,3, K. Toh4, H. Yamagishi4, T. Hirano7, N. Yoshida6,
Y. Sakaguchi6, M. Mizusawa6, J. Sato6, S. Kasai6, T. Ito6, K. Kiriyama5, and M. Katagiri8
1
Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Department ofResearch Reactor and Tandem Accelerator, JAEA; 4Neutron Instrumentation Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center;
5
Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 6Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai; 7Hitachi ResearchLaboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi; 8Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Science, Ibaraki University, Hitachi

Neutron Science107

BL18: Status of SENJUSENJU is a new TOF single-crystal neutron diffractometer designed for precise crystal and magnetic structure analyses under multiple extreme environments such as low-temperature, high-pressureand high-magnetic field, and also capable of taking
diffraction measurements of small single crystals,
less than 1.0 mm3 in volume.
Just after the launch of SENJU in March, 2012,
primary conditionings and test diffraction measurements were undertaken as shown in the MLF annual report for 2011. Subsequently, we determinedseveral instrumental parameters by diffraction measurement of a standard sample, tested newly installed devices (7T magnet and high-pressure cell),and undertook a structure analysis of a very smallorganic crystal in order to present the performanceof SENJU.
1. Determination of instrumental parameters
Instrumental parameters such as the flight path
(L1 and L2) and the positions of detectors have to beestablished initially to successfully do any measurements on the instrument. The angular positions of
the detectors were determined by observing some
Bragg reflections on each detector and rotating
an NaCl single crystal several times little by little(Fig. 1). From these data, the scattering plane andthe vertical angles of the detectors from the scattering plane were determined. These values wereconfirmed to coincide well with the designed values.

2. On-beam tests of new devices
On-beam commissioning of newly installed sample environment devices, a 7T longitudinal magnet and a high-pressure cell, were carried out on
SENJU.
The magnet (empty) was set in the vacuum
chamber of SENJU and exposed by a neutron beamat room temperature. Figure 2(a) shows a diffraction
image of all detectors. Although the upper and lower
detectors were hidden by the magnet, all equatorial
plane detectors and the bottom detector are available for diffraction measurement with the magnet.
Figure 2(b) shows the 1st frame (0.4~4.4 Å) timeof-flight neutron spectrum of the detector #14 fromthe magnet. As expected, many Bragg peaks fromthe magnet were observed. On the other hand, as
shown in Fig. 2(c), there is no Bragg peak from themagnet in the spectrum of the 2nd frame (4.4~8.8 Å),
an important wavelength region for measurementof magnetic reflections in the field of materials science.
A compact clamp type high-pressure pistoncylinder cell (< 2 GPa) made from copper-beryllium
alloy (Fig. 3(a)) was also tested on SENJU. A taurine single crystal (3 mm3 in volume) was enclosed
in the pressure cell together with deuterated glyc-(a)
Det#14

60

35

50

34

30

y=32.468+0.003x

32

(b)

31

Intensity

20

33

30

10
10

20

30

x

40

50

60

NaCl 3mm
29 Detector@8m
10 20

30

40

Pixel (X)50

60

Figure 1.	Observed Bragg reflections from a NaCl single
crystal for the determination of the detector parameters.

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Neutron Science

1st frame

TOF(ms)(c)
Intensity

Pixel (Y)y40

2nd frame

TOF(ms)Figure 2.	(a) Diffraction image of the empty magnet. (b) 1st
frame TOF spectrum of the Det. #14. (c) 2nd frameof the Det. #14.

(a)

(b)

taurineFigure 3.	(a) Photo of the piston-cylinder cell. (b) Diffraction
image and a TOF profile of the taurine crystal in
the cell.

Figure 4.	Diffraction image of a sub-millimeter size taurine
single crystal.

erol and pressurized up to 1 GPa. The accelerator
power was 300 kW and the exposure time was 6hours. Even through the pressure cell, many distinct
Bragg reflections from the taurine were observed asshown in Fig. 3(b). The result shows that this pistoncylinder cell is available enough as one of the highpressure environments of SENJU.

image. Finally, 980 reflections (I > 4σ(I)) were observed and the dmin value was 0.7 Å. In structure refinement, the atomic positions and anisotropic displacement parameters of all hydrogen and non-hydrogen atoms were refined. The number of refinedparameters was 129 and all of them had reasonablevalues. The final R-value was 7.14% (I > 4σ(I)). This
result suggests that structure analysis of a 0.1 mm3
size will be available by few days measurement
when the accelerator power achieves 1 MW.

3.	
Structure analysis of a sub-millimeter sizeorganic single crystal
Structure analysis of sub-millimeter size crystals
is one of the most important purposes of SENJU.
We tried a structure analysis of a taurine crystal with
0.1 mm3 (f0.6 mm) volume by using SENJU. The
measurement temperature was room temperatureand the accelerator power was 260 kW. The total
exposure time was 7.5 days (6 crystal orientations
× 30 hours exposure). Figure 4 shows a diffraction

4. User program
The user program of SENJU started from the2012A period. Three general proposals were conducted in 2012A, and another seven in 2012B. In
addition, one trial use and six project uses werealso carried out.

T. Ohhara1, R. Kiyanagi2, T. Kawasaki2, K. Oikawa3, I. Tamura2,4, K. Kaneko2,5, A. Nakao1, T. Hanashima1, and K. Munakata1
Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Centeri; 3Neutron Source
Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Centeri; 4Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator, JAEA; 5Quantum
Beam Science Directorate, JAEA
1

Neutron Science109

BL19-TAKUMIEngineering Materials Diffractometer

1. General Information2012 FY was a fruitful year for TAKUMI after its recovery from the damages caused by the
Tohoku earthquake. The re-commissioning after
the earthquake was performed continuously while
implementing the user programs. TAKUMI thanked
repeated users and new users with their amazing
research themes. They conducted experiments related not only to the residual strain mapping, butalso to various kinds of in situ measurements which
covered loading experiments at RT, high temperatures and low temperatures, thermal treatments andtrials of thermo-mechanical simulation.
Typical topics carried out at TAKUMI during
2012 FY, which received attention from their related fields, were internal strains in an ITER central
solenoid conductor sample [1], internal strains ina rebar embedded in an air-cured concrete, nanobainite transformation behavior associated with premartensite transformation, TRIP steels deformation
behavior [2] and deformation behavior of LPSO MgZn-Y alloys. An ITER conductor sample, in a shape
as used in a performance test of cyclic current athigh magnetic fields, was used in the experimentto fix the origins of the performance degradation
during the test. Careful analyses successfully elucidated the role of martensite in TRIP steels during
plastic deformation.

Figure 1.	Users enjoy their studies; Prof. Fukuda is setting
his shape memory alloy sample for low temperature loading (up), while Prof. Kusunoki is discussing the acquired data with his colleagues (bottom).

2. Sample Environments & Software
Development of new sample environment (SE)devices and software upgrades were performed besides re-commissioning of the present SE devices.
Loading experiments are now able to be controlled
by strain data measured using strain gauges or extensometers. The development of software for linkautomatic control of several goniometers and thedata acquisition system has also been completed.
3. User Programs
During 2012 FY, TAKUMI accepted and operated

110

Neutron Science

Figure 2.	A new fatigue machine has been delivered during
2012 FY.

user programs as the way it did before the earthquake. There were 42 approved proposals including
project researches and one instrumental use, while
the number of unapproved and reserved proposals
was only 8. Four proposals for propriety uses were included in the approved proposals. MLF operated approximately 200 days during 2012 FY, and the beamtime allocations in TAKUMI are shown in Figure 3.
As shown in Figure 3(a), the beam time for the instrumentation, including re-commissioning after theearthquake, maintenances, upgrading works etc., wasonly about 15% of the total, while the rest of the beamtime was used for the user programs. When the beamtime allocation is classified according to the type of experiment, as shown in Figure 3(b), the percentage ofstrain mapping is only 24%, while that of various kindsof in situ studies is more than 50%. The percentage ofstudies related to the earth science using high pressure devices is about 10%, even the project research
related to the neutron diffraction under high pressure
condition has been finished in 2011 FY.
References[1]	T. Hemmi et al., Supercond. Sci. Technol. 26(2013) 084002 (6pp).
[2]	S. Harjo et al., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.
1528 (2013) (7pp).

Beam time allocation 2012 FY(a)15.4 %
Instrumentation
School - 1 %Project
researches

GeneralUses
60.5 %(b)20.5 %

Propriety - 2.6 %Beam time allocation 2012 FY
10.7 %
1.5 %Dev.
Texture
or
Main.
9.6 %
High pressure

24.4 %
Strain mapping

1.5 % Imaging
11.2 %

Furnace
RT loading
Lo-temploading
Hi-temp
9.6 %
loading

23.9 %

7.6 %Figure 3.	Beam time allocation in TAKUMI for the approved
proposals.

K. Aizawa, S. Harjo, J. Abe*, W. Gong, and T. Iwahashi
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; *present affiliation: Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai

Neutron Science

111

The Current Status of the Versatile Neutron Diffractometer,
iMATERIA

1. Introduction
Ibaraki prefecture, the local government in Japanin the area where the J-PARC sites are located,
has decided to build a versatile neutron diffractometer (IBARAKI Materials Design Diffractometer,
iMATERIA [1]) to promote industrial applications forthe neutron beam in J-PARC. iMATERIA is planned
to be a high throughput diffractometer so that materials engineers and scientists could use it like thechemical analytical instruments in their materials development process.
This diffractometer is designed to look at a
decoupled-poisoned liquid hydrogen moderator(36 mm, off-centered) (BL20), and to have the incident flight path (L1) of 26.5 m with three wavelength selection disk-choppers and straight neutron
guides with a total length of 14.0 m. The instrumental parameters are listed in Table 1. There are four
detector banks including a low angle and a small
angle scattering detector bank. The angular coverage of each detector bank is also shown in Table 1.
The rotation speeds for the disk-choppers are thesame with a pulse repetition rate (25 Hz) for themost applications (normal mode). In this case, thediffractometer covers 0.18 < d (Å) < 2.5 with Δd/d =0.16% and covers 2.5 < d (Å) < 800 at three detectorbanks of 90 degree, low angle and small angle with
gradually changing resolution. When the speed forthe wavelength selection disk-choppers is reduced
to 12.5 Hz (wide-d mode), we can access a wider
d-range, 0.18 < d (Å) < 5 with Δd/d = 0.16%, and 5 <d (Å) < 800 with gradually changing resolution.
The automatic sample changer system [2] is mostimportant sample environment for high throughput experiments. The automatic sample changer
system consisted of large number of sample storage and two lines of elevating system, pre-vacuum
chambers and sample rotating tables. So, this we
can handle more than 600 samples continuously
at room temperature without breaking a vacuum ofsample chamber.

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Neutron Science

Figure 1.	IBARAKI Materials Design Diffractometer, iMATERIA
without detector for each bank and instrument
shielding. The high-resolution bank, special environment bank (90 degree bank), low angle bank, canbe seen from right to left. The small angle detectorbank, which is not shown in picture, is situated in the
low angle vacuum chamber (left hand of the picture).

Table 1.	Instrumental parameters of iMATERIA. L2 is thescattered flight path. The d-range for each bank is
the maximum value for 2-measurement mode.

L1
Guide length
Position of Disk choppers

High
Resolution
Bank
SpecialEnvironment
Bank
Low
Angle
Bank
Small
Angle
Bank

2q
L2
d-range2q
L2d-range2q
L2d-range2q
L2d-range26.5 mTotal 14 m (3 section)
7.5 m (double)
11.25 m (single)
18.75 m (single)
150˚ ≤ 2θ ≤ 175
2.0 - 2.3 m
0.09 ≤ d(A˚) ≤ 5.0˚
80˚ ≤ 2q ≤ 100˚
1.5 m
0.127 ≤ d(A˚) ≤ 7.2
10˚ ≤ 2q ≤ 40˚
1.2 - 4.5 m
0.37 ≤ d(A˚) ≤ 58
0.7˚ ≤ 2q ≤ 5˚
4.5 m
1.69 ≤ d(A˚) ≤ 800

2. Current status
The three banks (high resolution bank (BS bank),
special environment bank (90 degree bank) and low
angle bank) are user operational. It takes several

Figure 2.	Rietveld refinment pattern of 4.5 mg LiCoO2 by high resolution bank of iMATERIA using Z-Rietveld. The measurement
time was 20 h for 4.5 g samples at 300 kW.

minutes to obtain a ‘Rietveld-quality’ data for the
X-ray laboratory sized sample measured at 1 MW.
Currently, the beam power is limited for tuning theaccelerator (~300 kW), so that the measuring time
is about 10 to 20 min for about 1 g of standard oxide
samples.
In 2012, 81 user groups include 17 of urgent use
used iMATERIA (60% are industrial users include
proprietary and urgent use).
The beam power became higher than before, it
is possible to measure the small quantities (few mg)
samples and the sample containing large neutron
absorption elements for about one day beamtime.
Fig.2 shows the Rietveld fitting pattern of for 4.5 mg
LiCoO2 sample for 20 h at 300 kW beam power. The

good fitting in Fig.2. is supported that the neutron diffraction experiment from 4.5 mg sample is succeded.
3. Conclusion
iMATERIA with four detector banks design for
wide d range coverage. The wide d coverage andthe short measuring time for this diffractometer willlead to the holistic understanding of materials structure and their function for materials development.
References[1]	T. Ishigaki et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A
600 (2009) 189.
[2]	A. Hoshikawa et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 251(2010) 012083.

T. Ishigaki1, A. Hoshikwa1, M. Yonemura2,3, K. Iwase1, D. S. Adipranoto1, and T. Kamiyama2,3
1
Frontier Research Center for Applied Nuclear Sciences, Ibaraki University; 2Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division,
J-PARC Center; 3Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

Neutron Science113

Status of the High Intensity Total Diffractometer (BL21, NOVA)

1. Overview
NOVA has been opened for general proposals
since FY2012. Beside upgrading of the sample environments, the capability of the small sample measurements was improved.

to reduce the neutron backgrounds (Fig. 1). Inside thevacuum tank and neutron detectors were covered by
B4C resign. By improving the detector shielding, thebackground reduction of NOVA reached satisfactory
level. In Fig. 2, the intensities of silica glass, silicon
power and the intrinsic background of the 90-deg detector bank of NOVA were plotted. The neutron wavelength range of NOVA is from 0.12 Å to 8 Å. The intrinsic background was measured at the same conditionof the incident beam without anything at the sample
position. All the intensities were normalized by countsof the incident neutron monitor (GEM monitor in
Fig. 1). The level of the intrinsic background was less

2. Background reduction
As this is a high-intensity instrument, it is essential
to reduce the intrinsic background to realize smaller
sample measurements. Upstream from the sample
position, Boron-containing concrete (neutron shielding concrete), boric acid resign and iron shield (1 mthick along the neutron beam direction) were installed

Neutron Shielding Concrete
sample posion

Boric acid resign
Fe-shieldmdetectors
T0 chopper

vacuum chamber 15m3

Fermi chopper
GEM neutron monitor (~ 1 MHz)

Figure 1. Shields of NOVA.

SiO2
Si powder + V-cell

Inst. BackgroundFigure 2.	Intrinsic background of the 90-deg detector bank of NOVA compared with silica glass and silicon powder. “Empty” corresponds to the intrinsic background.

114

Neutron Sciencethan 0.1% of the silica glass intensity and less than
1/10000 of the Bragg peak intensity. Compared to thebase line of silicon power, which is mainly caused bya vanadium cell (0.1 mm thickness), the backgroundlevel is less than 1%. In other words, the backgroundof the cell should be reduced.
The backgrounds of other detector banks tend to
be larger. To reduce the background, the reductionof the max beam size of NOVA, 20 mm × 20 mm,should be reconsidered and the optimized collimator should be replaced.

45° bank

90° bank

bs bankI(d)3. “1 mg sample” measurement
The low background of NOVA realizes measurement of 1 mg sample. Figure 3 shows the diffraction pattern of YLiFeH6 provided by Orimo group of
Institute of Materials Research, Tohoku University.
This is a new iron based hydride synthesized at
6 GPa, 600-800ºC. The size of the sample is 800 mm
in diameter and 200 mm in height. The weight is about
1 mg. The diffraction patterns of each detector bankobtained by 8 hrs of measurements are consistent
with the simulated diffraction pattern of YLiFeH6(space group: F-43m). So far, the quality of the data is
not good for Rietveld refinement but it is promising in
obtaining better quality data improvement of the cell,
neutron beam size and additional radial collimator.

20° banksimulation
LT-YLiFeH6 (F-43m)
Fe (Im-3m)
YFe2 (Fd-3m)
LiH (Fm-3m)
YH2 (Fm-3m)
YH3 (P63 /mmc)

1

2

d/Å

3

4

Figure 3. Neutron diffraction of YLiFeH6 (1 mg).

T. Otomo1,2, K. Ikeda2, H. Ohshita1,2, N. Kaneko1,2, T. Seya1,2, and K. Suzuya1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

1Neutron Science

115

3

Development and Application of an in-situ SEOP He Neutron
Spin Filter at J-PARC/MLF

1. Introduction
We have been developing an in-situ SEOP 3He
neutron spin filter (NSF) to apply it to pulsed neutron
experiments at J-PARC/MLF. The 3He NSF works
for neutrons in a wide energy range, and has a large
angular acceptance while contributing little scattering in a small-angle region. Therefore, the 3He NSF
could be used as a polarization analyzer for small
angle scattering and reflectometry with pulsed neutrons. In this study, we performed demonstrationof the polarization analysis experiments with ourdeveloped 3He NSF at the small angle scattering
instrument TAIKAN (BL15) and polarized neutronreflectometer SHARAKU (BL17).
2.	A polarization analysis experiment at TAIKAN(BL15)In this study, we aimed to divide coherent scattering from incoherent scattering from a hydrogenous
sample by polarization analysis using the 3He NSF[1]. The sample was silver behenate (C22H43AgO2).
The incident neutrons were polarized by the magnetic supermirror, and the neutron spin polarity wascontrolled by the spin flipper before the sample. The
polarization of neutrons scattered from the sample
were analyzed by the 3He NSF. The sample was put
just before the 3He NSF, where the distance from(a)the sample to the 3He NSF was 160 mm. The 3He
spin filter was located in a position to cover the scattering angles between 0 and 6 degrees.
The 3He polarization, P3He = 68.4%, and the polarity was fixed during the experiment. We measured the scattering intensities by controlling thespin flipper on and off. The radial averages of themeasured intensities are shown in fig. 1 (a). The
Bragg peak at q = 1.06 nm-1 was observed both withthe spin flipper on and off (Fig. 1 (a)), since the polarization efficiency of the 3He NSF was not 100%for the neutrons. By correcting the effect of finite efficiencies of the polarizer, analyzer and spin flipper,
we could successfully obtain the coherent and incoherent scattering intensities from the hydrogenous
sample of silver behenate (Fig. 1 (b)).
3.	A polarization analysis experiment at
SHARAKU (BL17)
In this study, we tried to measure the specular andoff-specular reflections from a magnetic multilayer
sample by the polarization analysis with the 3He NSF.
The sample was a Fe/Cr multilayered thin film withgiant magneto-resistance effect [2]. The incident neutron beam was polarized with Fe/Si supermirrors andthe polarity was controlled with the spin flipper. The
neutrons reflected from the sample were analyzed(b)Figure 1. (a) Observed intensities, (b) Coherent and incoherent components.

116

Neutron ScienceFigure 2. The measured reflected intensity with (a) the spin-flipped and (b) non-spin-flipped conditions.

and detected with the 3He NSF and two-dimensional
position sensitive detector. The 3He NSF worked stably for 5 days during this experiment with P3He~0.68.
Figures 2 (a) and (b) show the measured reflected intensities obtained with the applied magnetic field condition of 200 Oe with the spin-flip andnon-spin-flip conditions. The specular peak and offspecular reflection around Qz = 0.08 Å-1 are clearlyobserved in the spin-flip condition, indicating theexistence of the antiferromagnetic correlations in
the low magnetic field condition. These results are
consistent with those reported in ref. [2].
References[1]	J.C. Dore, J.H. Clarke, J.T. Wenzel, Nucl.
Instrum. Meth. 138 (1976) 317.
[2]	M. Takeda et al., Physica B 213-214 (1995)
248.

T. Oku1, H. Hayashida2, K. Sakai3, T. Shinohara1, M. Nakamura1, S. Takata1, K. Soyama2, D. Yamazaki2, K. Aizawa1, M. Arai1,
M. Takeda1,4,5, Y. Endoh4, K. Kakurai4, H. Kira6, Y. Sakaguchi6, K. Ohishi6, H. Iwase6, J. Suzuki6, T. Ino1,7, and K. Ohyama8
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Neutron Instrumentation Section, Materials and Life Science
Division, J-PARC Center; 3Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 4Quantum Beam Science Directorate,
JAEA; 5Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator, JAEA; 6Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai; 7Institute of Materials
Structure Science, KEK; 8Institute for Material Research, Tohoku University

Neutron Science117

Progress of Manyo-Library

1. Introduction
A data analysis environment has been developed to provide a software framework for neutron
scattering experiments in MLF. The framework,
Manyo-Library, has common and generic data
analysis functionalities for neutron scattering experiments. Manyo-Library provides many kinds offunctions, for example, data containers, data input/
output functions, data-analysis operators and a distributed parallel data processing method.
Data analysis software applications built on thefirst version of Manyo-Library, ver. 0.1, were applied
to the experiment data. The applications have beenused in MLF from the day-one [1, 2]. The second
version of Manyo-Library, ver. 0.2, has been installed to the neutron scattering instruments in MLF
and utilized as an infrastructure of data analysis environment in each instrument. Data analysis efficiency has been improved and many analysis operators
were developed and appended to the framework.
2. New release
In FY2012 we reviewed the framework. The obsolete functions in the framework were removed andthe strategy for software development was modified.
The functions of the framework were divided into twoparts, the core-library and the MLF-library. The corelibrary consists of the data containers, the data input/
output functions and the templates for data analysis
operators, etc. The MLF-library contains the data
analysis, especially data reduction, and operators,
which are commonly used among the MLF instruments. The common data correction functions aregoing to be joined in the MLF-library. The applications for the inelastic instruments, Utsusemi, and theengineering diffractometer, Emaki, etc., were clearly
separated as the add-on packages from the framework. The reviewed structure of Manyo-Library is
shown in Fig.1. The latest version of Manyo-Library,ver. 0.3, was prepared in last October [3]. It is thefirst release version and consists of the core- and118

Neutron Science

Figure 1.	The structure of Manyo-Library released this year.
The data analysis functions of Manyo-Librarydeveloped in C++ and python languages can beshared and called from the add-on packages,
Utsusemi [4] and Emaki on Python environment.

the MLF-library. Users can develop add-on packages for users’ purposes on the framework.
3. Monitoring system with Manyo-Lib.
Here, we introduce a new application of the released Manyo-Library. The on-line monitoring system, which executes data reduction and visualization in the middle of a measurement, is strongly
required by users. However, we had only a simple
on-line monitoring provided by the DAQ-Middleware[5], which gives users just graphical plots or text datawith a poor flexibility. On the other hands, the offline analysis codes in Manyo-Library provide a lot offlexible and useful functions, for example time-dependent data analysis or higher dimension visualization. But these codes are not suitable for the on-line
monitoring because they require a whole event data
file at a time to analyze, so the data access process
overloads the DAQ system and takes a lot of time tovisualize data, especially on a long measurement.
To realize the on-line monitoring, we developed
successfully a system to read and analyze only event
data newly acquired by DAQ by means of repeatedobservations of data files. This system is made possible by two developments. One is a new component
of DAQ-Middleware to make indexes at the sametime as neutron event recoding in order to enable
fast access to a part of the event data files. The otherone is a new function to make histogram by reading
repeatedly incremental events using the index information of the event data files. As a result, a mount of
events analyzed at a time is minimized and its processing time, including the visualization, shortens.
This system can serve as an on-line monitor.
Not only does this system make it possible to takeincremental events at a moment but it also summarizes all of them. In addition, we can change freely
the interval time to obtain incremental events andthe conditions for histogram making, data reduction and visualization during measuring. By using
this method, various applications in measurement
can be carried out on this system. For example,
we can see the transformation of signal peaks at
detectors on scanning measurements with drifting
sample temperature or with moving slits window. In
addition, the data analysis of the on-line monitoring
condition finishes when the measurement ends.
This monitoring system has already been installed at BL17, SHARAKU, as shown in Fig.2. Thisis utilized to see the histogram data from the beam
monitor detector at the beam line by using easy histogram viewer, which works almost like an on-line
monitoring. We will expand this as a common system to be used at any instrument in MLF.
4. Future Plans
We will continue to work on the refining of ManyoLibrary. Some common functions for data correction
and fitting developed in add-on libraries are going to
be joined in the MLF-library. And now we prepare manuals and binary installation packages for Linux andWindows systems. Furthermore, we are discussing

Figure 2.	Screen shots of the on-line monitoring system in
BL17.

how to collaborate with the similar framework Mantid[6] used in other facilities. These tasks are needed to
expand further the use of Manyo-Library.
References[1]	J. Suzuki et al., Nucl. Inst. and Meth. Phys.
Res. A534 (2004) 175.
[2]	J. Suzuki et al., Nucl. Inst. and Meth. Phys.
Res. A600 (2009) 123.
[3]	http://wiki.kek.jp/display/manyo/Manyo+Library+Home[4]	Y. Inamura, T. Nakatani, J. Suzuki and T. Otomo,
Supplement of J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., to be published(Proceedings of QENS/WINS2012).
[5]	K. Nakayoshi, Y. Yasu, E. Inoue, H. Sendai, M.
Tanaka, S. Satoh, S. Muto, J. Suzuki, T. Otomo,
T. Nakatani, T. Ito, Y. Inamura, M. Yonemura, T.
Hosoya and T. Uchida, Nucl. Instr. and Meth.
A623 (2010) 537.
[6]	http://www.mantidproject.org

J. Suzuki1,2, Y. Inamura3, T. Ito4, and T. Nakatani3
1
Computing Research Center, KEK; 2Information System Section, J-PARC Center; 3Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science
Division, J-PARC Center; 4Neutron R&D Section, CROSS-Tokai

Neutron Science

119Activity Report of the Sample Environment at J-PARC/MLF

1. Introduction
Sample environment (SE) plays an indispensable role in achieving the aims of the researchers’ experiments and share of technical expertise.
In this fiscal year, the SE technical team was wellorganized and not only started supporting the user
experiments in utilizing the SE equipment but alsojoined various experiments to acquire specialized
knowledge and accumulate experience. In addition,
the utilities in the SE areas have been equippedcompletely, and the working circumstances havebeen improved.
2. SE equipment and Lending Service
The SE team has already equipped three pieces of SE equipment for common use in FY2011: a
7 T vertical-field superconducting magnet with anasymmetric coil pair (Fig. 1(a)), a 3He-4He dilution
refrigerator insert, which can achieve 50 mK (Fig.
1(b)), and a high-temperature furnace with a niobium heater, which can be heated up to 1600°C incommon use (Fig. 1(c)). In addition to them, a new
top-loading 4He cryostat with aluminum window (Fig.
1(d)) was purchased in FY2012. This cryostat canbe fitted to both goniometers and vacuum scatteringchambers in various BLs. The system is designed tobe cooled down to 2 K by pumping the liquid helium,and even the dilution refrigerator insert can be set
into the inner vacuum chamber.
The SE technical staff supported the operationof the superconducting magnet at BL17 in 2012A
and at BL18 in 2012B, and the high-temperature
furnace at BL14 and BL15 in 2012B. Since the SE
technical staff had little experience and opportunity to operate the SE equipment, we took part insome users’ experiments through the operation ofan Orange cryostat, and 3He cryostat, to acquire efficiently skills and experience.
We have lent SE peripheral apparatus and parts
such as vacuum pumps, temperature sensors, cryogen containers, vacuum components, and so on.

120

Neutron Science

Figure 1.	Common SE equipment managed by the SE
team: (a) superconducting magnet, (b) dilution refrigerator insert, (c) high-temperature furnace and(d) 4He cryostat.

The lending service information such as the lending
procedure and specifications of each apparatus canbe found on the MLF internal website.
3. KENS SE Equipment
Some of the SE equipment such as cryostats,furnaces, sample changers and goniometers, whichused to be operated in the KEK neutron facility(KENS), were transported to J-PARC in 2011. Since
we did not have most of the manuals, drawings,
and peripheral apparatus and parts such as thecables and controllers, we had to investigate theirstructures, make up for the missing parts, and thencheck their safety in a test run. They can be reused,
for instance as equipment for calibrating the tem-perature sensors or as spare machines, after repair
and modification to comply with the SE protocol.
3. SE Area
We have SE preparation areas in the MLF 1st
and 2nd experimental halls to prepare and repair the SE equipment and to maintain its performance. Their utilities were obviously insufficient to
do the tasks, because only electric power supplies,
equipped as utilities at the first stage in FY2011,were available. In this fiscal year, we have equippedthe other utilities such as water cooling, helium recovery, compressed air and exhaust gas line systems as well. Though the working circumstances
are gradually being improved, the SE areas must
be enlarged enough to manage the SE equipment
whose number will increase in the future.

4. SE Workshop
The 7th International Workshop on Sample
Environment at Neutron Scattering Facilities washeld in Sydney, Australia, 17-20 September 2012.
There were 52 participants including 6 members from
J-PARC/MLF. S. Ohira-Kawamura reported on thecurrent status of SE in MLF, and K. Munakata gave
a talk about the introduction of CROSS and a highpressure apparatus for neutron diffraction at low temperature. In this workshop, it was proposed to newly
organize an international society for SE (ISSE) to activate collaborations and information sharing among
the facilities. The site tour on ANSTO (Australian
Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation) wasscheduled at the final day of the workshop, and wevisited the neutron experimental hall. The next SE
workshop will be held near ISIS, UK, in 2014.

Y. Yamauchi1, T. Yokoo1,2, S. Ohira-Kawamura1, Y. Kawakita1, and W. Kambara1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

1Neutron Science121

Activity Reports of the Chemical Safety Group in MLF

Working safety groups in MLF such as radiation, chemical, equipment, electricity, gas, and laser
have been organized, to assure the safety and tosupport users. The chemical safety group has been
designated to be one of them. The group is composed of thirteen members from J-PARC (JAEA and
KEK), CROSS, and IBARAKI prefecture. Figure 1
shows the tasks of our group and the application
process for a user experiment in MLF. We have fourmain tasks consisting of double review of samples’
chemical safety, information management of samples, support of user’s sample preparation, andmaintenance of the sample preparation rooms in
MLF. The 1st chemical safety review is performed on
the samples in the experiment proposal submitted
by users. We confirm their safety and the reactivity of samples and cells in the condition of the user
experiments. If it is necessary to get any more information about the user’s samples and each experiment’s conditions to estimate the safety, we contact
the user through the users office in J-PARC. The 2nd
chemical safety review is conducted on the actu-

ally carry-in samples in the application form submitted by users with the above-mentioned viewpoints
in mind. The information of all samples is managed
according to the use of the application. Please notethat the deadline for submitting the application is tendays before of the user’s experiment day. We also
check the status of all samples on each beam line
after the user’s experiments. In addition, we maintain the sample preparation room and support theuser’s sample preparation. There are two sample
preparation rooms in MLF. One is the radiation controlled area of category 1 for treating the radioactivated samples by neutrons and the other is that ofcategory 2 for treating the non-radioactivated samples. Those rooms have some necessary devices
for the user’s sample preparation and measuring
the sample physical properties such as concentration, density, pH, and humidity. The manual for utilizing those devices is also prepared in English forforeign users.
Figure 2 shows the transition on the number ofuser’s application form of carry-in samples in MLF

Figure 1. Tasks of chemical safety group.

122

Neutron ScienceFigure 2. Transition on the number of user’s application forms of carry-in samples in MLF for the last three years.

on each beam lines for three years from FY2010.
In FY2012, BL20 received the largest number ofuser proposals, and the next was BL21. The reason
why both beam lines are popular is because of theneutron diffractometers, also the measurement time
for a sample is quite short so that they can accept
so many users. As shown in the insert in Figure 2,
the total number of application forms was 306 in
FY2010, 79 in FY2011, and 729 in FY2012. If we
exclude FY2011 when J-PARC was affected by theGreat East Japan Earthquake, the total number in
FY2012 had more than doubled since FY2010. Thisis due to the seven newly-constructed neutron instruments and the increase of the beam power fromabout 100 kw to 200 kW. We plan to increase thebeam power up to 1 MW within a few years. It should
follow that the number of the application forms andour group’s amount of work will drastically increase.
We keep on working so that the users can perform their experiments safely and comfortably.

S. Ono1, S. Takata1, N. Takahashi1, H. Kogawa2, K. M. Kojima3,4, M. Sakaguchi4, M. Kobayashi5, K. Akutsu5, and S. Tanaka6
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division,
J-PARC Center; 3Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 4Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK;
5
Neutron R&D Division, CROSS-Tokai; 6Science and Technology Promotion Foundation of IBARAKI

Neutron Science123ZnS/10B2O3 Ceramic Scintillator Contributing
to Nuclear Security

337 mmPMT

Scinllator (42 x 250mm)

PMT

Figure 1.	A prototype detector equipped with a ZnS/10B2O3
ceramic scintillator for a nuclear security application.

(a)
Al case(b)

CavityScinllator

32.5 mm

In the recent years, there has been a severe
shortage in the supply of 3He gas. Thus there is anurgent need to develop detector technologies alternative to the conventional 3He-gas-based detector.
Our scintillation detector developed in the J-PARC/
MLF may ameliorate the present situation in fields
where neutrons need to be measured.
We have developed two-dimensional scintillator
detectors using a new material (ZnS/10B2O3) for detection of high-intensity neutrons in the past and anumbers of the detectors have been delivered andin service at the beamlines of BL03 (iBIX), BL17
(Sharaku) and BL18 (SENJU).
The ZnS/10B2O3 ceramic scintillation detectors
are planned to be implemented to a non-destructive measurement equipment for nuclear safeguard
demonstration testing [1]. The scintillator material
was originally developed for neutron scattering instruments in the J-PARC/MLF. The scintillator contains no organic materials, and its properties, highdetection efficiency and fast temporal response, arealso useful to measure neutrons from substancessuch as U and Pu contained in a mixed oxide nuclear canister. The plan calls for 60 or more of thesedetectors to be installed in the equipment designedby the Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorateof the JAEA, and the neutron measurement should
proceed with high detection efficiency.

32.5 mm

Glass

ZnS/
10B O
2 3
phosphor

Mirror surface

Figure 2.	(a) Photograph and (b) schematic view of the detector (cross sectional view).

References[1]	T. Nakamura et al., in the proceedings of the54th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear
Materials Management (INMM54).

T. Nakamura1, K. Toh1, K. Honda2, K. Suzuki3, H. Yamagishi3, K. Sakasai1, K. Soyama1, and M. Katagiri4
1
Neutron Instrumentation Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Japan Radiation Engineering Co. Ltd.; 3Nippon
Advanced Technology Co. Ltd.; 4Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University

124

Neutron Science

High Pressure MWPC Neutron Detector for Pulsed Neutrons

Figure 1.	Two-dimensional response obtained using a collimated beam with a size of 0.7 × 1.0 mm2.

105
104

Counts (cps)

A two-dimensional position-sensitive neutron detection system that can read out individual signal
line and consists of a multiwire-type detector element was fabricated for J-PARC/MLF BL17 and thefirst irradiation test was performed using a collimated neutron beam. Neutron irradiation was carriedout using a CN-3 cold neutron beam line at KUR.
The irradiated neutron detection system consists ofa 256 channel multiwire detector element (x: 128
lines, y: 128 lines) equipped into a pressure vessel,
amplifier-shaper-discriminator (ASD) boards, optical signal transmission devices, position encoders
with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), anda fast data acquisition device. The pitches of eachaxis are 1 mm and the conversion gap is 25 mm.
An imaging experiment was performed to verify
an operation of the position encoder. As an example of the experimental results, a measured twodimensional image is shown in Fig. 1. In this experiment, 9 collimated neutron beams with a sizeof 0.7 x 1.0 mm2 were irradiated to the detector. It
was confirmed that the position encoder works welland can be used in a neutron detection system.
The spatial resolution of our detector was less than
2 mm FWHM in both directions. Considering theMonte Carlo simulation results [1], this value appears to be reasonable. Fig. 2 shows the reactor
power dependence to the measured counts of thedeveloped detector system. The developed detector showed a linear response up to the full power, 5MW, of KUR reactor and the counting rate at 5 MW
was approximately 45 kcps. The linear response forcounting rate greater than 45 kcps can be observed
easily by irradiating with a higher flux of neutrons,
because the counting rate of our system was not
saturated.

103
102
101
100
10-1
10-5

10-4

10-3
10-2
10-1
Reactor Power (MW)

100

101

Figure 2.	
Measured counts of developed system under
neutron irradiation as a function of KUR reactor
power.

References[1]	H. Yamagishi, K. Toh, T. Nakamura, K. Sakasai
and K. Soyama, J. Instrum. 6 (2011) C12025.

K. Toh1, T. Nakamura1, K. Sakasai1, K. Soyama1, M. Hino2, M. Kitaguchi2, and H. Yamagishi3
Neutron Instrumentation Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University; 3Nippon
Advanced Technology, Co. Ltd.
1

Neutron Science125Focusing Supermirrors
on Precisely Figured Elliptical Surfaces

1. Introduction
Reflective optics is one of the most useful techniques for focusing a neutron beam with a wide
wavelength range since there is no chromatic aberration.
We have been developing aspherical supermirror optics by using an ion beam sputtering technique to coat high performance supermirrors [1] anda numerically controlled local wet etching (NC-LWE)
technique [2] to figure aspherical mirror substrates.
Previously, we fabricated a plano-elliptical supermirror with a clear aperture with size of 90 ×
40 mm2 by applying these techniques and obtained
a focusing gain of 6 and a reflectivity of 0.64-0.7 inthe critical-angle region for m = 4 [3]. Increasing themirror size is essential for increasing the focusing
gain. We report the fabrication result of an ellipticalsupermirror with large clear aperture size and thefocusing performance of the neutron beam.
2. Mirror Fabrication
We fabricated a 400-mm-long elliptical neutronfocusing supermirror by a combined fabrication process consisting of precision grinding, HF dip etching, NC-LWE figuring, low-pressure polishing andion beam sputtering deposition. We succeeded in
obtaining a figure error of 0.43 μm p-v with a surface
roughness of less than 0.2 nm rms.

3. Experimental setup and result
The focusing performance of the fabricated elliptical supermirror was evaluated at BL10 NOBORU.
We show a schematic of the setup for measuring theneutron beam profile in Figure 1. A flat supermirror
with m = 4 is used to reflect the neutrons into thefocusing device to reduce the background and the
gamma radiation from the direct beam. The wavelength of the neutron beam varied from 3.5 to 10 Å.
Two-dimensional images of focused and non-focused
direct neutron beams were measured using an imaging plate (Fujifilm BAS-ND; resolution: 50 μm). The
width of the slit in this experiment was 0.10 mm. The
magnification of the optical design was 1.

Figure 2.	A photograph of the 400-mm-long elliptical neutron-focusing supermirror.

Figure 1. A schematic of the setup for measuring the neutron focusing profile.

126

Neutron Science× 52

0.128 mmFigure 3. 2-d images of focused beam.

Figure 4. Neutron profiles of focused beam.

Figure 3 (A) and (B) shows two-dimensional images of focused and non-focused direct neutron
beams, the neutron beam detected using the imaging plate. A neutron beam with a wide wavelength
range was uniformly focused on the mirror where it
had an effective width of 30 mm. The neutrons detected beyond the mirror were due to the horizontal
divergence of the neutron beam.
Figure 4 shows detail profiles of (A) and (B). The
full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the focused
beam was 0.128 mm, and a focusing gain of 52 interms of the peak intensity was achieved comparedwith the non-focused direct beam. At the peak intensity for a neutron beam, the wavelength range is
3.5-10 Å.
References[1]	R. Maruyama, D. Yamazaki, T. Ebisawa, M. Hino,
K. Soyama, Thin Solid Films, 515 (2007) 5704.
[2]	R. Maruyama, D. Yamazaki, T. Ebisawa, K.
Soyama, J. Appl. Phys. 105 (2009) 083527.
[3]	K. Yamamura, Ann. the CIRP 56/1 (2007) 541-4.
[4]	D. Yamazaki et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 251(2010) 012076.

D. Yamazaki1, R. Maruyama1, H. Hayashida1, K. Soyama1, M. Nagano2 , F. Yamaga2, and K. Yamamura2
Neutron Instrumentation Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University

1

Neutron Science127

Development of a Multi-Channel Spheroidal Focusing Mirror

1. Introduction
Some focusing devices are well used to increase
neutron intensity for a minute area such as a small
sample. Focusing mirror is the major focusing device and several types of it have been developed. In
general, coating the surface of the focusing mirror
with high-Qc supermirror and enlarging the size ofthe mirror are an effective method to increase thegain of neutron intensity by covering a wide divergence of neutron beams. However, in some instru-

Figure 1.	The conceptual diagram and picture of the prototype MS focusing mirror.

ments, many other devices have already been installed and narrow space is allowed for setting thedocusing device and a compact one should be required. A multi-channel focusing mirror enables us
to cover a wide divergence of neutron beams evenin a narrow space. In this study we tried to develop
a multi-channel spheroidal (MS) focusing mirror.
2. Experimental setup and result
Figure 1 shows a conceptual diagram and pictureof a prototype MS focusing mirror. The prototype
MS mirror consists of cupper uncoated by supermirror with 200 mm length. The MS mirror is fabricatedby three spheroidal mirrors with different diameters.
The diameters at the center are 5.512 mm, 7.348
mm and 9.186 mm from inside, respectively. These
three spheroidal mirror are held coaxially using ring
shape of aluminum spacers as shown in fig. 1.
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a performance test of the MS mirror at BL10 NOBORU.
A pinhole slit with diameter 0.1 mm was set at the
focal point position which is 300 mm downstream of
the MS focusing mirror. A 2D-detector was set after
the pinhole slit. A supermirror was set at upstreamof the MS focusing mirror in order to protect the detector from high-energy direct beams.
Figure 3 shows a result of the performance testof the MS mirror. The red (circle) and blue (square)lines correspond to TOF spectrum with and without

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup at BL10 NOBORU.

128

Neutron Sciencethe MS focusing mirror. The black line shows theintensity ratio of these spectrums. The result showsthat the intensity gain of neutron beam is about 6 forwavelength longer than 0.5 nm, which is about 70%-3Whole area
Center
Ratio

40

10
8

30

6

20

4

10

2

0

0
0.4

0.5

0.6
0.7
0.8
Wavelength / nm

0.9

Ratio

Intensity / pulse

50x10

of expected spec. Since the alignment precision of
the three spheroidal mirrors affects directly the neutron gain, the alignment method and precision has
to be improved.

1.0

Figure 3. The result of the performance test of the MS mirror.

H. Hayashida, K. Soyama, D. Yamazaki, and R. Maruyama
Neutron Instrumentation Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Neutron Science

129

Scenes from the Neutron Experimental Hall

Manuel Angst, Joerg Voigt, and Hailey Williamson from FZJ
discuss their experimental data in the BL01 cabin.

Takaaki Hosoya, Katsuhiro Kusaka, Masaki Katagiri, and Seiji
Ninomiya (Ibaraki Univ.) discuss detectors at BL03.

Users and beamline staff – shown in the BL11 cabin - enjoy
the first high-pressure neutron experiment.

Norifumi L. Yamada (KEK) and Motoyasu Kobayashi (JST/ERATO) position samples at BL16.

Klaus Dieter Liss (ANSTO), Saurabh Kabra (ISIS), and Lisa
Thoennessen (ANSTO, Wollongong Univ.) discuss thermal
and loading schedules for their in-situ experiments at BL19.
Keitaro Kuwahara (Ibaraki Univ.) loads asample in the refrigerator at BL14.

130

Neutron ScienceMuon ScienceStatus of J-PARC MUSE

At MUSE, we have had a steady operation at
the D-line in the fiscal year of 2012. At the U-line,
we managed to install a new axial focusing muon
beamline components to extract intense surface
muons dedicated for the ultra slow muon production. Also, we completed the installation of front-end
magnets in the vicinity of the muon target during a
shut-down period in the summer of 2012 under an
intense radiation field.
1. D-line Operation
Consequently, we managed to operate users’
run at the D-line with proton intensity of up to 300
kW. We installed a switch yard, a kicker and septum
magnets to allow a single bunched muon beam up
to 60 MeV/c towards D1 and D2 areas in the D-line.
Everything worked successfully, delivering a single
pulse towards the D1 area, with negligibly small S/Nratio appeared in the mSR spectrum. At the D1-area,a dilution refrigerator which had been used at KEKTsukuba, was brought to MUSE, fixed and installed,
enabling us to perform mSR measurements as low
as 25 mK.
2. Installation of the U-line
We were funded to install a second muon beamline, the so called U-line, which consists of a large
acceptance solenoid made of mineral insulation
cables (MIC), a superconducting curved transportsolenoid magnet and a superconducting axial focusing magnets system. There, we can collect surface muons with a large acceptance of 400 mSr.
Compared to the conventional beamlines such as
the D-line, the large acceptance of the front-end solenoid allows us to capture 10 times more intensity
pulsed surface muons of 5 × 108 /s, when the proton
beam intensity reaches 1 MW. The U-line components of the superconducting curved and axial focusing magnets were already fabricated and theircommissioning was performed in October, 2012.
Fig.1 (Up) shows a picture of the celebration of the132

Muon Sciencedelivery of the superconducting curved transportsolenoid magnet. Fig.1 (Down) shows a picture of
the superconducting axial focusing magnets associated with three sets of ±400 kV DC separators.
In the commissioning works, we succeeded in
extracting the world’s highest intensity pulsed muons, 2,500,000 muons per pulse (6.4 × 108 /s at
212 kW, corresponding to 3 × 108 /s at 1 MW) to
the U1 experimental area. This intensity achieved at
the U-line exceeds the previous intensities, 72,000
muons per pulse (120 kW) and 180,000 muons per

Figure 1.	(Up), picture of the celebration of the delivery of
the superconducting curved transport solenoid
magnet. (Down), picture of the superconducting
axial focusing magnets associated with three setsof ±400 kV DC separators.

Event rate [arbitary unit]

U-Line Positive Muon Modeχ2/ ndf

82.35 / 24
9.063 ± 0.021

Constant
Slope−4.594e+005 ± 7.464e+003

104

103

102

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

×10-6

Time [s]Figure 2.	Lifetime spectrum of the surface muons extracted to the U1 area, showing 2 bunched structure of the surface muonsand electrons. It demonstrated that surface muons as much as 6.4 × 107/s @212 kW were extracted to U1 shielding
area, corresponding to 20 times stronger than D-line.

pulse (300 kW), which were achieved at the D-lineof this facility in 2010, respectively. It means that for
the first time globally we achieved the world’s strongest pulsed muon intensity. The achieved intensity
not only shortens the measurement time to onetwentieth compared with the present measurement,
but it also may open a new era to capture novel
information that could not be recognized before.
According to the simulation, we could extract 2 × 108/s surface muons (at the 1 MW operation) to the experimental area, with an approximate transport efficiency of 40%. It demonstrates that the beam line
design concept adopting axial focusing extraction
for the first time is working very well. Fig. 2 shows alifetime spectrum of the surface muons extracted to
the U1 area on Al target, showing 2-bunched structure of the surface muons and electrons. It demonstrated that very intense surface muons as muchas 6.4 x 107/s @212 kW were extracted to the U1shielding area, which was 20 times stronger thanthe D-line.
As a next step, we are planning to stop suchintense pulsed muons towards a hot tungsten target for generating intense ultra-slow muon beams

in order to realize “ultra-slow muon microscopes”.
When the production of an intense ultra-slow muonsource is realized, the use of its short-range penetration depth (eg. 1 nm resolution at a penetrationof 1 nm, and 10 nm at a penetration of 6 nm in gold)
will allow the muon science to expand into a varietyof new scientific fields, such as,1)	Surface/boundary magnetism utilizing its spinpolarization and unique time-window.
2)	Surface chemistry, utilizing a feature of a lightisotope of hydrogen, such as catalysis reactions.
3)	Precise atomic physics such as QED,4)	Ion sources towards possible m+ m- collider experiments in high-energy physics.
3.	Installation of the front-end magnets for the
S-line and H-line in the vicinity of the muontargetDuring a shut-down period in the summer of
2012, we worked on the installation of front-end
magnets for the S-line, which is a surface muon
beam line dedicated for the materials science with amodest-acceptance (about 50 mSr), and the H-line
at which various problems of the fundamental phys-

Muon Science133

ics research will be studied, for instance, the precise
measurement of the hyperfine splitting of Muonium,
implying the existence of new physics laws beyond
the Standard Model, or the precise measurementof the anomalous magnetic moment (g-2) of muons,. Although the radiation level in the vicinity ofthe muon target was very high to be in the orderof Sv/h, we finally managed to install the SQ4,5,6
and HS1, HS2, HS3 and HB1 associated with guideshields and pillow seals between those elements.
Fig.3 shows a picture of the installation of the HS1,HS2, HS3 and HB1 under a severe radiation environment in the vicinity of the muon target.

Figure 3.	A picture of the installation of the HS1,-HS2, HS3
and HB1 in the vicinity of the muon target.

Y. Miyake1,2, N. Kawamura1,2, K. Shimomura1,2, P. Strasser1,2, A. Koda1,2, H. Fujimori1,2, S. Makimura1,2, Y. Kobayashi1,2,
J. Nakamura1,2, Y. Ikedo1,2, T. Nagatomo1,2, K. Nishiyama1,2, K. M. Kojima1,2, M. Miyazaki1,2, R. Kadono1,2, W. Higemoto1,3,
and T. U. Ito1,3
1
Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Advanced Science
Research Center, JAEA

134

Muon ScienceCommissioning Test for the Remote-Controlled Replacementof the Muon Rotating Target

The most intense pulsed muon beam will be
generated by a 3-GeV 333-µA proton beam on amuon target made of 20-mm thick isotropic graphite (IG-430) in J-PARC/MUSE (Muon Science
Establishment). At present, the fixed edge-coolingmethod has been adopted for cooling the muon target [1]. However, it is predicted that the graphite will
break down in six months due to radiation damage[2]. To extend the lifetime of the muon target, we areplanning to adopt the rotating target method, which
can distribute the radiation damage of graphite to awider area. Figure 1 shows a picture of the rotatingtarget. In the M2 primary proton beamline, some of
the components will be so highly irradiated that it
would make it impossible to perform hand-on maintenance. Therefore, the muon rotating target with aplug shield, called rotating target assembly, must be
handled in a remote handling room, the Hot cell [3].
In this report, a commissioning test for the remotely
controlled replacement of the muon rotating target
during the summer-shutdown of 2012 is described.
Both the rotating target and the fixed-edgecooling target can be replaced by almost the sameprocedure as described below. Figure 2 shows apicture of the respective apparatuses used for the
replacement in the Hot cell. Figure 3 shows a schematic drawing of the replacement. The Target rod

consists of a stainless-steel rod with two joints, themuon target (the rotating target or the fixed edgecooling target) and a profile monitor. The signal
cables, the thermo-couples, and the water pipes go
through the stainless rod. In the case of the rotating target, the rotating shaft must also go through it.
When the used target is replaced, the whole Target
rod is discarded. The Target rod is positioned by ahorizontal pin and some guides to the plug shieldand fixed by 4 bolts, which are handled by a remotecontrolled power-manipulator. The exchange device
ensures the up-down motion, the right-left motion,
the forward-backward motion and the rotation to
replace the Target rod from the plug shield. The

Rod attachment

Target rod

Exchange
DevicePlug shield

Rotating Target

Figure 2. Apparatuses for replacement in the Hot cell.

Upper holder

Positioning Pin

Upper Support

Forward & Up
MotionJointsPlugshieldLower Support
Lower holder

Figure 1. A picture of the muon rotating target.

Figure 3. Schematic drawing of the replacement.

Muon Science135

loads for each motion can be monitored. Because
the exchange device is used in common with several other apparatuses for the neutron source, a
rod attachment for our assemblies is necessary. At
first, the empty rod attachment is attached to theexchange device. Then the upper and lower holders of the used Target rod are held by the upper andlower supports of the rod attachment, respectively.
The fixing bolts are loosened by the power-manipulator, which can handle the bolts through remotecontrol. Finally, the Target rod is dismounted fromthe plug shield by the upward and backward motion of the exchange device. The attachment withthe used Target rod is remotely transported to theattachment rack by an overhead crane in the Hot
cell. Then another attachment with a new Target rod
is set on the exchange device by the crane. Finally,
the new Target rod is fixed on the plug shield andthe power-manipulator tightens the bolts.
The Target rod must be equipped with two
weaker sections to be cut, so that it can be divided
into three parts for volume reduction of the highly
radioactive waste. These weaker sections will beelastically distorted under a load of 700 N at thepositions of the holders. To avoid an excess load,
we paid attention to how the misalignment of theTop view

attachment against the Target rod was detected
and absorbed in the design of the rod attachment.
In the case of the fixed target, there are two loose
joints to facilitate the manufacturing and to absorb
the misalignment. On the contrary, in the case of therotating target, the joints need to be manufactured
precisely, because several bearings supporting therotating shaft must be coaxially and rigidly located.
Furthermore, because the exchange device leans
3-mm forward when not sustaining the weight of
the Target rod, the upper support against the lower
support with the Target rod must be located 3-mm
forward than the position without the Target rod.
Therefore, several important features were implemented to the rod attachment. Positioning guides
were used to the upper support to correct the slightleft-right misalignment. A dial gauge was utilized
to measure the relative position precisely between
the plug shield and the rod attachment. Sustaining
parts were also used to sustain the lean of the exchange device and the excess load due to the forward motion of the exchange device. On the lower
support, the spring buffer is equipped to absorb themisalignment between the upper and lower support. The spring constant of the buffer is carefully
designed not to exceed the elastic distortion of the

Sustaining Part

Sustaining part

Upper Support

Dial gauge

Positioning Guide
Sustaining Part

Plug shield

Side view

Figure 4. Pictures of the upper support.

Lower holder

Lower support
Spring Buffer

Figure 5. Pictures of the lower support.

136

Muon ScienceTarget rod. Simultaneously, the spring constant isalso designed to give a load to fix the Target rod into
the plug shield firmly. Figure 4 shows pictures of theupper support. On the left, the upper support canbe seen. On the right, the upper support holds theupper holder while measuring the relative position
against the plug shield. Simultaneously, the sustaining parts prevent it from going forward too much.
Figure 5 shows pictures of the lower support.
The commissioning tests of the remotely controlled replacement of an un-irradiated rotating target were performed in August and September of2012. After some preliminary tests outside of the
Hot cell, the tests in Hot cell were performed fromthe 7th to 25th of September, 2012. The air radiationdose of our working area in the Hot cell depends
on the cooling period after the proton-beam has
stopped, the drainage status of the highly radioactive mercury from the neutron target vessel, and theexistence of an additional shield. As a reference,the dose in 2012 at our working area, in the caseof a cooling period of one month and without theadditional shield, was 140 mSv/h. The dose was reduced to 2 mSv/h after a two months cooling period
and with the additional shield. A half-face respirator
mask with filters was required when we worked in
our working area. Finally, the rotating target could
be successfully replaced by remote handling. Figure
6 shows a picture of us before entering the Hot cell.

Figure 6. Picture of us before entering the Hot cell.

References[1]	S. Makimura et al., Proceedings of the 8th
Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Societyof Japan (2011) 1188.
[2]	S. Makimura et al., Nuclear Instruments andMethods in Physics Research A 600 (2009)146.
[3]	S. Makimura et al., Proceedings of the 7th
Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Societyof Japan (2010) 479.

S. Makimura1,2, S. Onizawa3, M. Ito4, Y. Matsuzawa3, R. Shimizu3, and J. Nakamura1,2
Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Nippon Advanced
Technology Co., LTD; 4ATOX Co., LTD1

Muon Science137

H Line Installation WorkA brand new beam line, H-line, is planned to beconstructed as the 4th beam line in MUSE. The newbeam line is designed to have a large acceptance,
momentum tune-ability, and the ability to use a kicker magnet and Wien filter. This beam line will provide an intense beam for experiments which require
high statistics and need to occupy the experimental
areas for a relatively long period. Several experiments in the field of fundamental physics study havebeen proposed in the H-line [2-4].
From the muon production target, it is possible toextract 4 muon beam lines. The H-line is extracted
to the south east direction.
At the primary stage of MUSE construction, only
the D-line and the front-end magnets in the S-line
were installed, and then the front-end magnets in
the U-line were installed in 2009, as shown in Fig. 2.
In the H-line, temporary radiation-shield blocks wereplaced. J-PARC has been operated since 2008, andthus the activation around the muon production tar-

Figure 1. A layout plan of MUSE.

138

Muon Scienceget becomes more serious with every passing year.
According to the evaluation using a Monte-Carlocode [5], the dose rate beside the target chamber
was estimated to be close to 1 Sv/h, and the summer shutdown in 2012 would be the last chance forthe installation of front-end magnets in the H-line.
The frontend magnets, i.e. the muon-capturesolenoid, HS1, and the first bending magnet,
HB1, were fabricated and ready to be installed in
June, 2012. The period of the shutdown was threemonths, from July to September. In addition to the
H-line construction, a quadrupole triplet in the S-line
had to be installed during the shutdown. The workplaces of these tasks are adjacent to each other,which required time sequential task management.
In order to prolong the radiative cool time, the muon
facility operation was terminated a week earlier thanthe J-PARC operation. Just after the beam stop, theS-line construction was started; it was estimatedthat the radiation dose rate at the work place wasmuch lower than that of the H-line. The period of
the S-line construction was effective for radiative
cooling in the H-line. At the end of July, the H-line
construction was started.
Taking into account the effect of the residual activity and the joint to the existing surrounding de-Figure 2.	Picture around the muon target in 4/Jul before
starting the construction.

vices, the scenario of the construction was well considered. The downstream half of HS1, HS1b, wasinstalled under the irremovable existing cable ruckand cooling water pipes. At first, HS1b was placedon the special truck placed at around the positionof HB1, and then the truck was pushed by a jackto be inserted into the proper position. By a special
hanging tool, HS1b was slightly lifted up to remove
the truck. After the installation of HS1b, HB1 wasplaced. The first gate valve, HGV1, is located at a
position inaccessible by the crane. Thus, a special
hanging tool was prepared. Finally, the upstream(a)half of HS1, HS1a, was installed. Before the installation of HS1a, the activated iron blocks were removed, and were transported remotely to the temporary storage pit. All the devices shown in Fig. 4
were successfully installed, and the construction of
the front-end part of the H-line was completed inearly October, as shown in Fig. 5.
Because the H-line has a large acceptance, i.e.
its aperture is large; the duct streaming neutrons is
expected to increase. Thus, the radiation shield inexperimental area #1 was reinforced. The magnets
and the devices to be installed in the experimental

(b)

(c)

(d)

Figure 3.	(a) the truck for HS1b; (b) the hanging tool for
HS1b; (c) the hanging tool for HGV1; (d) removalof the activated iron blocks.

Figure 5.	Picture in 4/Oct after completing the installation ofmajor devices.

HGV1

HB1

φ600 pillow seal

HS1a

HS1b

Figure 4. The installed devices.

Muon Science

139

103

106

−4

−2

0

2

4

Position [m]Shield in M3 / beside the target chamber

1012

w
n

(b)

ut
do

Dose from residual activity in H−Line Iron shield / 0°− 45°6: 1.0 − 1.5: 1.5 − 2.0: 2.0 − 2.5: 2.5 − 3.0: 3.0 − 3.5: 3.5 − 4.0: 4.0 − 4.5: 4.5 − 5.0: surface104

ng

Shutdown in 20121010
2010/10−2011/6−
100kW 50%

Activity [Bq]dose [ µSv/h ]

105

Lo

O

ct

/2

sh

01

0

(a) 102010/10−2011/6
200kW 50%108

2010/10−2012/5
200kW 50%

2012/11−2013/6
400kW 50%

2013/10−2014/6
400kW 50%

Working limit for H−Line

103

106

−4

−2

0

2

4

Position [m]

106
−2000

−
−1500

−
−1000

−500
−

2014/10−2015/6
400kW 50%

Total
Mn−54
Co−56
Co−57
Co−58
Co−60
0

Time [d]Figure 6.	(a) the estimated radiation dose from the residual activity in the iron block beside the target chamber; (b) accumulation
Shield in M3 / beside the target chamber
10of the residual activity.
ng
Lo

O

ct

/2

sh

01

0

ut
do

w
n

12

Shutdown in 2012area
are being designed as part of the installation
10
work, which will start in 2014.
The highest measured radiation dose rate wasabout 250 mSv/h in the iron block placed just beside
10
limit for H−Line
Total prior
the target chamber. This isWorking
consistent
with theMn−54evaluation. Thus, the construction scenarioCo−56
based
Co−57
Co−58
on this estimation was confirmed to be reasonable.
10

Activity [Bq]2010/10−2011/6−
100kW 50%

2010/10−2011/6
200kW 50%

2010/10−2012/5
200kW 50%

2012/11−2013/6
400kW 50%

2013/10−2014/6
400kW 50%

2014/10−2015/6
400kW 50%

8

106
−2000

Co−60

−
−1500

−
−1000

−500
−

References[1]	N. Kawamura et al., 2013 Journal of Physics:
Conference Series 408 012072.
[2]	K. Shimomura et al., ibid.
[3]	N. Saito et al., ibid.
[4]	S. Mihara et al., ibid.
[5]	N. Kawamura et al., 2009 NIM A 600 114.

0Time [d]N. Kawamura1,2, P. Strasser1,2, A. Koda1,2, and Muon Sci. Sec., J-PARC
1
Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

140

Muon Science

Installation of Front-end Magnets for the S-Line

The construction of the surface muon beamline(S-line) in experimental hall No.1 of the Materials
and Life science experimental Facility (MLF) building, which is designed to serve high intensity muon
beams with a momentum of 28.5 MeV/c, has juststarted. When the construction of the S-line is completed, the S-line will consist of 4 beam legs and4 experimental areas, sharing double pulsed muon
beam by utilizing 2 electric beam kickers as shownin Fig. 1. The primary goal of the initial construction
stage is to deliver a surface muon beam to one ofthe planned experimental areas (S1) in FY2013.
At the early stage of the construction of the M1/
M2 primary proton beamline, a triplet magnet (SQ12-3), a bending magnet (SB1) and 4 pillow seals,

S-lineS4
S2

S3

adjacent to the muon production target chamber,were installed at the S-line. To extract the muon
beam toward experimental hall No.1, a triplet magnet (SQ4-5-6), a beam duct (SVD2), and a pillow
seal (SPS5) have been newly installed in the M2
beamline tunnel. Since these equipments are situated under the ceiling concrete shields at one of the
branching valleys from the muon target, the utilities
like the cable connection, the piping for the cooling water, the gas handling lines for the pillow seal,must be completed simultaneously. Moreover, theinstallation for the S-line must finish before the installation of the front-end magnet for the H-line
starts, because both installations were scheduledduring the summer shutdown in 2012. Due to thelimited space in the handling area of the concrete
shields, it was not possible to proceed simultaneously with these works.
Fig. 2 shows the installation of SQ4-5-6. The
concrete shields at the beamline level were removed, and the guiding shield for SQ4-5-6 was
installed, which is designed to provide both functions of the pillow seal guide and the duct support
for SVD2. Before the installation of SQ4-5-6, SVD2
was attached from the inside of the M2 tunnel, andwas aligned carefully. Fortunately, the residual radioactivity level of SQ4-5-6 position was not very

S1

SQ4-5-6

Primary

Beamline

Figure 1. Beamline layout of the S-line (plan).

Figure 2. Installation of the SQ4-5-6 triplet magnet.

Muon Science141

high despite its location relative to the muon production target. On the other hand, the concrete
5-ton shield at the exit of the secondary beamline
tunnel , which was slightly moved due to the East
Japan Earthquake in 2011, was re-aligned and securely fixed to the MLF building wall. Besides, as it
was planned, the type-310 pillow seal, which waspreviously used at the front-end of the U-line as
UPS1, and then stowed in a storage pit at FL10m
after removal from the U-line, was re-installed at the

S-line as SPS5. However, it turned out that the pillow diaphragm was partially damaged. Therefore,
we decided to install a spare type-310 pillow seal as
SPS5.
The main part of the construction was successfully completed in July, 2012. The construction of
the S-line in experimental hall No.1 is expected tocontinue in FY2013, with the aim to conduct a beam
test at the S1 experimental area.

A. Koda1,2, P. Strasser1,2, N. Kawamura1,2, and J-PARC Muse staff
1
Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

142

Muon Science

Installation of Superconducting Curved Solenoid
for the U-line

In Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex(J-PARC), installation of a new muon beamline, called
Superomega muon beamline, was completed on the
U-line in the Materials and Life Science Experimental
Facility (MLF) in October 2012. The Superomega
muon beamline is the second muon beamline among
the four planning beamlines in the MLF/J-PARC. The
Superomega muon beamline is a new type of muon
beamline, since all beamline magnets in Superomega
beamline consist of solenoid coils. The Superomega
muon beamline consists of three parts: normal conducting capture solenoid, superconducting curved
transport solenoid and superconducting axial focusing magnet. The capture solenoid has a large solid
angle acceptance of 400 msr, so that a large number of muons can be captured and transported to theexperimental area. The details of the properties andinstallations of the capture solenoid and the axial focusing magnet were already reported elsewhere [1,2]. Here, we mainly report the properties and the installation of the superconducting curved solenoid.
The curved solenoid transports the captured muons through the secondary beamline tunnel into experimental hall No. 2. The solenoid consists of a 6-mlong straight section placed between two 45° curved
sections. The curved section is divided into sevensegmented thin solenoids with an angle between
each solenoids of 5.625°. In order to compensate astray field from the straight section, matching solenoids are placed at the entrance and the exit of thecurved solenoid. To satisfy the feasibility of fabrication of the solenoid, the straight section is divided into
five 1.1.2-m long solenoids. These sixteen solenoids,
except for the exit solenoid, are connected in series,
while the exit solenoid can be adjusted separately. On
the straight section, two dipole coils, which produce
vertical opposite fields, with integrated fields of 0.2
Tm, are located near the center of the straight section. They provide charge selection required by theuse of only positive muons or negative muons. For
steering the beam direction and position of the beam
center at the exit of the curved solenoid, two dipole
correction coils with vertical and horizontal fields arelocated at the center of the exit solenoid.
A superconductor is commonly used for the solenoids and the dipoles. The solenoid coils use 85 A
in series and the dipoles use 77 A individually. All of
the cold masses, superconducting solenoids and dipoles, are designed to be conductively cooled by five
Gifford-McMahon (GM) refrigerators with capacity of
1.5 W at 4.2 K (2nd stage) and 35 W at 50 K (1ststage).
The muon transport rate of the capture and thetransport solenoids was simulated using G4Beamline.
Captured muons by the capture solenoid are estimated to be 5 × 108 muons/s when the 3 GeV primary
proton beam is incident on the muon production target. The simulation results show that the total transport rate of the captured muons with momentum of 30
MeV/c (surface muon) is 82% at the exit of the curved

Figure 1. Top View of the solenoid insertion device and curved solenoid.

Muon Science143

Figure 2. The curved solenoid and insertion device. The lower part of the iron radiation shield is also shown.

solenoid. This corresponds to 4 × 108 muons/s which
are extracted into the experimental area. The main
beam loss occurs at a gate valve located between thecapture and the curved solenoids. This means that
almost all muons incident on the curved solenoid aretransported to experimental hall No. 2.
For the installation of the curved solenoid, we also
developed an insertion device, because it will be set
between the M2 tunnel and the experimental hall, as
shown in Fig. 1-3. Six iron blocks, with a total weight ofabout 65 tons, are also set on the insertion device forthe radiation protection from the M2 line. Therefore,
we adopted two sets of linear guides for the horizontaltransport motion to keep good reproducibility.
References[1]	K. Nakahara et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res.
A 600 (2009) 132.
[2]	Y. Ikedo et al., MLF Annual Report 2012 145.

Figure 3.	
The curved solenoid was set proper position. A
part of linear guide at the experimental area wasalso shown.

K. Shimomura1,2, Y. Ikedo1,2, Y. Miyake1,2, P. Strasser1,2, N. Kawamura1,2, K. Nishiyama1,2, S. Makimura1,2, H. Fujimori1,2,
A. Koda1,2, J. Nakamura1,2, T. Nagatomo1,2, Y. Kobayashi1,2, T. Adachi3, A. D. Pant4, T. Ogitsu5, T. Nakamoto5, K. Sasaki5,
H. Ohata5, R. Okada5, A. Yamamoto5, Y. Makida6, M. Yoshida6, T. Okamura6, R. Okubo6, W. Higemoto1,7, T. U. Ito1,7,
K. Nakahara8, and K. Ishida9
1Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Graduate
School of Science, University of Tokyo; 4Interdiscplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi; 5Cryogenics
Science Center, KEK; 6Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK; 7Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA; 8Department of Physics,
University of Maryland; 9Advanced Meson Science Laboratory, Nishina Center, RIKEN

144

Muon Science

Installation of Superconducting Axial Focusing Magnet
for U-line

In the Japan Proton Accelerator ResearchComplex (J-PARC), the installation of a new muon
beamline, called Superomega muon beamline, wascompleted on the U-line in the Materials and Life
Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in October
2012. The Superomega muon beamline is the second muon beamline among the four planned beamlines in the MLF/J-PARC. The Superomega muon
beamline consists of three parts: normal conducting
capture solenoid, superconducting curved transportsolenoid and superconducting axial focusing magnet. The details about the properties and installationsof the capture solenoid and the curved solenoid werealready reported elsewhere [1, 2, 3]. Here, we mainly
report the properties and the installation of the axial
focusing magnet.
The muon beam from the muon production target is extracted by the capture and curved solenoids
to the experimental hall No. 2 of the MLF. The axial
focusing magnet is located on the downstream of
the curved solenoid. The major purpose of the axial
focusing solenoid is to further transport the muon
beam in the experimental hall (about 6 m long) andto efficiently focus on the ultra slow muon production
target [4]. Furthermore, the axial focusing solenoid isequipped with functionalities required for the muon
beamline, such as beam blocker, positron separator and beam slit. The beam blocker has a copper
block of 600 mm in diameter and 50 mm in thickness.
When experimenters work in the experimental area,
the copper block can be inserted into the beamline
by two air cylinders for reducing radiation exposureof the experimenters from mainly neutral particles,
neutrons and gamma rays, in the beamline. The
three stage Wien filter type of the positron separators
can be applied ± 400 kV of electric field and 0.05 T ofcentral peak dipole field. Since the positrons, whichhave the same momentum as the muons, are simultaneously transported in the muon beam, and theirintensity is expected to be a hundred times larger
than that of the muons, the positrons must be elimi-

GM refrigerator

Power lead

Beam blocker

Cryostats
Positronseparators
Warm bore~0.6 mBeam slit
Thin solenoids(a) Axial focusing magnet(b) Cryostat

Figure 1.	(a) Axial focusing magnet, (b) cryostat for superconducting solenoid.

nated to allow precise measurement of the various
purposes of the muon experiments [5]. The beam slit
is located between the last two cryostats, in order totrim the edge of the muon beam, and to cut off theresidual positrons through the separators.
Figure 1(a) shows a whole sketch of the axial
focusing solenoid, and (b) is cryostat for the superconducting solenoid. The axial focusing solenoid iscomposed of six cryostats and five beamline vacuum ducts.The distance between the cryostats is
1.6 m, except for that between the fifth and sixth
cryostats, which is 0.8 m. Each cryostat has two superconducting thin solenoid coils, and a warm boreof 600 mm in diameter for the beamline duct. The
cryostat is cooled down by the thermal conducting
method using a Gifford-McMahon refrigerator. The
two solenoids in the cryostat can be individually excited up to 82.5 A, and the peak magnetic field of
the two solenoids is about 1.2 T. The muon beam istransported with repeating cycle of focusing and defocusing by magnetic field of superconducting thinsolenoids.
The installation and the alignment of the axial focusing solenoid were started from the end of August

Muon Science145

Figure 2. A picture of axial focusing solenoid.

of 2012. Firstly, five position adjustable base plates
were aligned on the beamline with accuracy of lessthan 0.1 mm. The cryostat and beamline duct wereplaced on the same mounting, and then the mounting was set on base plate by positioning pins. Figure
2 shows the picture of the installed axial focusing
magnet in the end of September. Electric cabling,cooling water and pressurized air piping were done
after finishing the installation of the beamline apparatus, and the concrete shieldings were coveredon the beamline. The Superomega muon beamline
was ready to operate for the beam commissioning
in the beginning of October.
According to our beam transport simulation using
Geant4 based Monte-Carlo program G4Beamline [6],and the beam commissioning [7], the Superomega
muon beamline can transport 6.4 × 107 positive muons /s to the end of the axial focusing magnet at 212
kW of the primary proton intensity, and more than
50% of them are incident on the ultra slow muon target (Tungsten foil: 70(W) × 50(H) × 0.05(T)) placeddownstream of 700 mm from the last solenoid. At
present, we proceed the project of the production of
the ultra slow muon beam using the surface muon
beam of the Super omega muon beamline and thevacuum ultra violet laser system [8].
References[1]	K. Nakahara et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods
Phys. Res., Sect. A 600 (2009) 132.
[2]	K. Shimomura et al., MLF Annual Report 2012143.
[3]	Y. Ikedo et al., KEK Progress Report 2012 18.
[4]	T. Nagatomo et al., MLF Annual Report 2012162.
[5]	T. Adachi et al., in preparation.
[6]	Muons Inc. 552 Nm Batavia Avenuue, Batavia,
IL, available at http://www.muonsinc.com.
[7]	Y. Ikedo et al., MLF Annual Report 2012 182.
[8]	J. Nakamura et al., MLF Annual Report 2012
164.

Y. Ikedo1,2, Y. Miyake1,2, K. Shimomura1,2, P. Strasser1,2, N. Kawamura1,2, K. Nishiyama1,2, S. Makimura1,2, H. Fujimori1,2,
A. Koda1,2, J. Nakamura1,2, T. Nagatomo1,2, Y. Kobayashi1,2, T. Adachi3, A. D. Pant,4, T. Ogitsu5, T. Nakamoto5, K. Sasaki5,
H. Ohata5, R. Okada5, A. Yamamoto5, Y. Makida6, M. Yoshida6, T. Okamura6, R. Okubo6, W. Higemoto1,7, T. U. Ito1,7,
K. Nakahara8, and K. Ishida9
1Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Graduate Schoolof Science, The University of Tokyo; 4Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi; 5Cryogenics
Science Center, KEK; 6Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK; 7Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA; 8Department of Physics,
University of Maryland; 9Advanced Meson Science Laboratory, Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN

146

Muon SciencePerformance of the DC-separator at the U-line

In the Japan Proton Accelerator ResearchComplex (J-PARC), the installation of a new muon
beamline, called Superomega muon beamline, wascompleted on the U-line in the Materials and Life
Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in October
2012. The basic properties and the installation of theSuperomega muon beamline were already reported
elsewhere [1, 2, 3]. The last part of the Superomega
is an axial focusing solenoid. One of its major purposes is the reduction of positron contaminationfrom the muon beam. Three sets of Wien filter typeseparator combined with a superconducting axial
focusing magnet were installed for this purpose.
For a short period before the installation, conditioning and performance tests were done for a single separator with a superconducting magnet at the
U1 area. The results were not satisfactory. Withoutmagnetic field, it was possible to apply stable highvoltages of ± 320 kV on the electrodes under an argon gas environment with 2-5 × 10−2 Pa in pressure.
The pressure was regulated with a mass flow controller and by steady pumping by turbo molecular
pumps. Without the argon flow, the vacuum pressure was around 10−5 Pa and a stable operation
was achieved at −230 kV for the cathode and +230
kV for the anode. Magnetic fields from the superconducting magnets had a strong influence on the
discharge phenomena of the separator. The currentof solenoid magnets reduces the applicable anodevoltage, due to increase of the dark currents suchas 175 kV at 40 A and 20 kV at 60 A. Contrarily,
the cathode voltage can be slightly increased bysolenoid magnetic field. The magnetic field of thecorrection coils for the separator affects less thanthat of the solenoid, and even with 340 A of the correction coil current ± 320 kV can be applied. For
further investigation on the discharge phenomena,an acrylic blank flange was attached to the separator chamber and the inside view of the chamber wasmonitored through a large mirror by video camera.
According to the observations of several days until the sudden interruption due to the video camera
damage, the following information was obtained. By
applying the high voltage, a continuous discharge
illumination was observed on the surface of the ceramic bushings at both the cathode and the anode.
High-voltage break-down due to an over-current interlock at the anode and successive overcurrent at
the cathode were clearly observed. The video picture will be analyzed more systematically.
After the completion of the installation of the axial
focusing solenoid, the performance of the three setsof separators was tested. As a general impression,
the high voltages in the axial focusing solenoid weremuch more unstable than that of a single separator
with single solenoid axial focusing magnet. A strong
correlation between neighboring separators wasobserved, i.e., high-voltage break-down at neigh-Figure 1.	Pictures of the separator discharge. Break down at the anode (left) and successive dark current at the cathode (middle).
Simultaneous break down on both electrodes (right).

Muon Science147

boring separators was always caused even at low
voltage excitation. Similar correlation was noticed
even between the first and the third separators. The
high voltage was successfully applied only on thecenter separator without magnetic field from theneighboring axial focusing magnets.
To avoid these difficulties, modified transport parameters for the axial focusing magnets were chosen. Instead of applying a periodic magnetic focus
ing field over the separator region by the axial focusing magnets, we decided not to excite the neighboring solenoids of the second separator, and only
the second separator was operated to eliminate thepositrons.
According to our simulations, the beam transport efficiency of the axial focusing magnet is lower(60%), but the final beam profile is not affected bythese parameter changes. However, expected positron separation is sufficient with one separator. In

Center line field /T

0.4
Case1
0.3
Case2
0.2
0.1
0
0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Center line lengh /mm
Figure 2.	Magnetic field distribution of the original design
parameters (case1) and the modied parameters(case2).

e+the original case, due to a magnetic field component
along the beamline, the positron separation is lesseffective and three sets of separator are necessary.
In the operation test using the new parameters of
the axial focusing magnets, ± 350 kV was achievedat the center separator. However, frequent interruptions due to sudden discharge and shut down of thehigh voltage power supply by overcurrent interlock
occurred. A procedure for an automatic recovery ofhigh voltages was established. At first, the negative
high voltage is started to sweep and after it reaches
100-150 kV, the sweep of the positive high voltage
begins to rise.
As reported elsewhere, commissioning tests forthe separator were successfully performed with thenew parameters of the solenoid magnets. The positrons were sufficiently separated by a single separator as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Fig. 3 shows
the scintillation signal from a beam profile monitor
at the focal position of the axial focusing magnet.
The sufficiently reduced positron signals before theprominent muon signals can be seen in this picture.
A time spectrum of the µ-e decay positron counter is shown in Fig. 4. The spectrum clearly showsa µ+ decay curve with a life time of 2.2 µs. The
double bunch structure of the muon beam is also
clearly seen in this spectrum. The positron prompts
composed of scattered positrons by the target are
sufficiently suppressed by the positron separator,
although the intensity of the positrons in the muon
beam was estimated to be 100 times larger thanthat of the muons [3].

µ+Figure 3. Beam structures seen on an oscilloscope.

148

Muon ScienceNow we start to analyze the reason of the separator
discharge under magnetic field. Also even for one
separator mode, studies to find the conditions toachieve a more stable operation is needed, i.e., gas
mixture and pressure optimization, insertion of foils
between separator chambers, etc.

100000
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.00E+00

5.00E-06

1.00E-05

Figure 4. Time spectrum of the µ-e decay positron.

For a more efficient muon transport and smaller
beam profile at the ultra slow muon target [4], an
operation mode with three separators is necessary.

References[1]	K. Shimomura et al., MLF Annual Report 2012143.
[2]	Y. Ikedo et al., MLF Annual Report 2012 145.
[3]	T. Adachi et al., in preparation.
[4]	T. Nagatomo et al., MLF Annual Report 2012
162.

K. Nishiyama1,2, Y. Ikedo1,2, Y. Miyake1,2, K. Shimomura1,2, P. Strasser1,2, N. Kawamura1,2, S. Makimura1,2, H. Fujimori1,2,
A. Koda1,2, J. Nakamura1,2, T. Nagatomo1,2, Y. Kobayashi1,2, T. Adachi3, A. D. Pant4, T. Ogitsu5, T. Nakamoto5, K. Sasaki5,
H. Ohata5, R. Okada5, A. Yamamoto5, Y. Makida6, M. Yoshida6, T. Okamura6, R. Okubo6, W. Higemoto1,7, T. U. Ito1,7,
and K. Ishida8
1Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Graduate Schoolof Science, The University of Tokyo; 4Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi; 5Cryogenics
Science Center, KEK; 6Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK; 7Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA; 8Advanced Meson Science
Laboratory, Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN

Muon Science149

Kicker System – Noise Reduction at D-line –1. Introduction
The muon kicker system is used to separate
the muon pulses and feed them to two experimental areas (D1, D2) simultaneously. The beam operation with a kicker system started in the winterof 2011. Dividing the muon beam into two singlepulsed beams was successful, but anti-noise measures were required. Later, the kicker noise level
was drastically improved through refining both theground lines of the kicker system and the detectors.
Figure 1 shows μe-decay spectra with kicker on/off.
However, the kicker noise level is still high according to the S/N ratio of some detectors. Further measures to reduce the kicker noise were necessary.

150

Figure 2.	The feed-through terminals enclosed with copper
sheets.

2. Trial-and-error to reduce the kicker noiseFirst, the noise level of the feed-through terminals, which was the highest noise source of the
kicker system, was reduced after being enclosedwith copper sheets as shown in Fig. 2.
Then, the kicker chamber, which contains thetwo kicker magnets, the two switchyards and thetwo oil tanks with matching electric circuits, wascompletely covered with 2 mm thick aluminum
plates. The kicker chamber, neatly fitted in an aluminum box in a narrow space sandwiched between
concrete shields, is shown in Fig. 3.

Figure 4.	Cable rack for the power cables shielded with copper sheets.

Figure 1. μe-decay spectra with kicker on/off.

Furthermore, the whole cable rack for the power
cables was also overlaid with 0.2 mm thick copper
sheets, without any break point along its length, toshield the kicker noise as shown Fig. 4.
The noise levels were drastically improved after taking the above measures. Figure 5 shows acomparison between the noise levels using a radio
wave detector [1] before and after taking these newnoise reduction measures.
There was a remarkable improvement of 1/100of the noise level at around the top of the kicker
chamber. However, further improvements are re-Muon Science

Figure 3. The kicker chamber fitted in an aluminum box.

[a]1 D2 Area Entrance
DQ12

3 D2 Manifold
4 DQ15 END (Left)

DQ11

2 D2 Beam Dump

14
15
12

er

13

DSeptum
DBB2-21100

6 Kicker #2 Power Supply Terminal
10

7 Kicker #1 Power Supply Terminal
8 Kicker Control Rack

Beanline
Control
Control
Rack
Rack

S

850

9
5

4
3

10 Cable Rack in D2 Line
11 Cable Rack at the end of D2 Line

850

Area-D2827KICKER PS
Controller
1200

12 Kicker #2 Oil Box Input
13 Kicker #1 Oil Box Input
14 Kicker #2 Oil Box Output
15 Kicker #1 Oil Box Output

1000

11

5 DQ15 END (Right)

9 Cable Rack Corner

3. Summary
A kicker system was installed to separate thedouble-pulsed muon beam in the summer of 2011.
The kicker system directed the two single-pulsed
muon beams to the two existing experimental areas
D1 and D2 simultaneously in March 2012. Now experiments with the spectrometer in D1 area can be
performed with kicker-on without any problems, but
the kicker noise level is still high to carry out experiments in D2 area simultaneously. Further measures
to reduce the kicker noise are in progress for the
next beam operation.

17

16
DQ10

quired for experiments with negative muons andmuoniums at the D2 area. Any conceivable means
to reduce the RF noises can be employed, therefore
insulating the kicker chamber from the beam ducts
and their base is planned as the next trial-and-error
project.

1

KICKER PS(1850×1610)

16 Kicker #2 Terminal Input

6

17 Kicker #1 Terminal Input

[b]
100

Before Measures
After temporary Measures
After this Measures

10

1

0.1
At around the top of Kicker chamber
0.01

D2 Area Entrance
D2 Beam Dump
D2 Manifold
DQ15 END (Left)
DQ15 END (Right)
Kicker #2 PowerSupply Terminal
Kicker #1 PowerSupply Terminal
Kicker Control Rack
Cable Rack Corner
Cable Rack in D2 Line
Cable Rack at the end of D2 Line
Kicker #2 Oil Box Input
Kicker #1 Oil Box Input
Kicker #2 Oil Box Output
Kicker #1 Oil Box Output
Kicker #2 Terminal Input
Kicker #1 Terminal Input

References[1]	H. Fujimori et al., KEK-MSL Report 2011 (2012)9.
[2]	H. Fujimori et al., Proceedings of the 8th Annual
Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society ofJapan, August 1-3, 2011, Tsukuba, Japan.
[3]	P. Strasser, H. Fujimori et al., Physics Procedia
30 (2012) 65.
[4]	H. Fujimori et al., KEK-MSL Report 2010 (2011)10.

Figure 5.	[a] Survey points around the kicker system. [b]Distribution of RF noise levels corresponding tolocal points around the kicker system.

H. Fujimori1,2, Y. Irie1,2, T. Nagatomo1,2, S. Sakata3, M. Meguro3, N. Kurosawa3, K. M. Kojima1,2, P. Strasser1,2, and Y. Miyake1,2Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Nippon Advanced
Technology Co. Ltd. (NAT)

1

Muon Science151

U-line Interlock Systembeam is not supplied to those areas.
In order to protect the personnel working in theseareas against radiation hazard, a muon blocker, acapture solenoid magnet and an access door areinterlocked to the beam [personnel protection system (PPS)]. For further improvement of safety, the
PPS system has fail-safe apparatus for stopping themuon beam.
The PPS devices for U1 shielding area consistof a capture solenoid US1 and the U-line muon
blocker. Those for the U1 experimental area are two
U1 area muon blockers (see Fig.2). The operation
modes are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 shows the requirement for muon beam
supply to the U1 shielding area and the U1 experimental area. And Table 2 shows the requirement foraccess to both areas.

We introduced an ultra-slow muon (USM) beamline as an extension of the U-line in the MUSE facility of J-PARC MLF. In this report, we describe theinterlock system introduced to perform safety management of the USM beamline.
The interlock systems for the U-line
There is an area named U1 at the beam exit of
the U-line where the USM beam is generated using an intense surface muon beam. The U1 area isisolated by radiation shield walls with limited accessfrom a side door and from the top upon removal of acell shield (see Fig.1).
The USM beam is transported to the U1 experimental area (U1A/B) adjacent to the shielded area.
The human access to the U1 shielding area or U1
experimental area is allowed only when the muon

Muon Target (Carbon Graphite)
RCS

3NBT Primary Proton line

Neutron Target
Capture Solenoid
US1

Ultra Slow - Muon beamline(U-line)D-Muon beamline
Door
Door

U-line Muon Blocker
U1 area Muon Blocker
U1 Shielding area

U1 Experimental area
Panic Button
Search Button
Blocker Controller
Door Controller

D1 Experimental area
Door

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of interlock devices for the U-line and the ultra-slow muon beamline.

152

Muon ScienceLeft : Search Button
Right : Panic Button

Door Controller

Blocker Controller

Figure 2. PPS Interlock system controllers.

Table 1. Conditions for beam supply to the U1 shielding area and the U1 experimental area.

U1 shielding area muon beam “ON”.
(allowing to open U-line muon blocker and turn ON
US1 power supply)
U1 experimental area muon beam “ON”
(allowing to open two U1 area muon blockers)• U-line muon blocker controller all keys locked in.
(U1 shielding area door closed and locked)• U1 area muon blocker controller all keys locked in.
(U1 experimental area door closed and locked)

Table 2. Conditions for access to the U1 shielding area and the U1 experimental area.

U1 shielding area
U1 experimental area

• US1 OFF• U-line muon blocker closed• Two U1 area muon blockers closed

Y. Kobayashi1,2, N. Kawamura1,2, K. Shimomura1,2, W. Higemoto1,3, and Y. Miyake1,2
1Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Advanced Science
Research Center, JAEA

Muon Science153

Magnetic Shields for W-target Chamber in U-line

In the Japan Proton Accelerator ResearchComplex (J-PARC), the installation of a new muon
beamline, called Superomega muon beamline, wascompleted on the U-line in the Materials and Life
Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in October
2012. The Superomega muon beamline is the second beamline out of the four planned beamlines in
the MLF/J-PARC. The basic properties and the installation of the Superomega muon beamline werealready reported elsewhere [1, 2, 3]. The final purpose of the Superomega muon beamline is the surface muon source for the ultra-slow muon beam.
The ultra-slow muon beam is an innovative beamwith significant characteristics of tunable energy,
small beam size, etc. The production method of theultra-slow muon was reported in this issue [4, 5].
At present, the ultra-slow muon beamline is underconstruction at the downstream of the Superomega
muon beamline. The residual magnetic field fromthe Superomega muon beamline at the ultra-slow
muon production target (W target), which is a tungsten foil of 70 mm in width, 45 mm in height and 0.05
mm in thickness, has a crucial influence to the ultraslow muon beam properties, such as the extraction
and the focusing of the beam [4]. Furthermore, themagnetic field normal to the beam direction, significantly reduces the spin polarization of the muon.
To avoid these, we decided to construct a magnetic
shield for the W target, which encloses the W target
vacuum chamber. Here, we report on the magnetic
shield for the W target placed 700 mm downstream
from the last solenoid of the Superomega muon
beamline.
In order to reduce the stray magnetic field at the
W target from the solenoids of the Superomega
muon beamline, we installed the magnetic shieldsurrounded W target vacuum chamber. This is mademainly of an extra-low carbon steel (SUYP1) plate of
20 mm in thickness. There are three plates normal
to the beam axis of the Superomega muon beamline, and their dimensions are 1.2 m in width and 2.2
m in height for the first plate, 1.0 m in width and 2.4
m in height for the second and third one. The firstplate which is made of ordinary iron, is placed rightdownstream of the last cryostat of the axial focusing solenoid, the second one is located at 100 mm
apart from the first plate, the last one is 200 mm further downstream of the second one. Each plate has
a hole for the beamline duct from the central axis of
the beamline, and their diameters are 500, 400, 300

20 kG

15 kG

10 kG

Tungsten target
Zero-fieldcorrection coils

5 kG

Beamline magnets
Magnetic shield

Opera

Figure 1.	A top view of the magnetic shield for the ultra-slow muon production target. The upper region in the figure represents
the magnetic field distribution by the superconducting solenoids.

154

Muon Science

70

2200

(a)

2000

with CC

60

1800

cal.

1600

B /G

1400

50

w/o CC

1200
1000

B/G

800
600
400

40

cal.

30

200
−500

−300

−100

100

300

500

20

z /mm
Opera

2200

0
−200

(b)

2000

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

z /mm

1800
1600

Figure 3.	The measured and calculated magnetic field distributions along the beam axis with/without the zerofield correction.

1400

B /G

10

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
−500

−300

−100

100

300

500

z /mm
Opera

Figure 2.	The calculations of the stray magnetic field distribution along the beam axis (a) without magnetic
shield, (b) with magnetic shield. The tungsten target is located at z = 0.

mm, respectively. The side plates of the magnetic
shield are 2.4 m in height and 1.0 m in width. They
are placed on the both sides of the W target chamber 1.0 m apart from each other. Figure 1 shows
a top view of the magnetic shield, the last two superconducting solenoids of the Superomega muon
beamline, and two zero-field correction coils. The
muon beam is coming from the left to the right side,and is incident on the W target located in the center
position between the two zero-field correction coils.
The stray magnetic field at W target from thesolenoids of the Superomega muon beamline andeffectiveness of the magnetic shield were calculated using simulation code, TOSCA. Figure 2(a)shows the magnitude of the stray magnetic field
without magnetic shield along the beam axis of theSuperomega muon beamline. The curve shows thatthe magnetic field decreases with increasing thelength from the last solenoid of the Superomega
beamline. The magnitude of the stray magnetic field
is 370 G at the W target (z = 0). The effectivenessof the magnetic shield is shown in Fig 2. As clearlyseen in these figures, the stray field along the beamaxis is drastically reduced by the magnetic shield in
the range over the W target chamber. The magnitude of the residual stray field is less than 20 G at
the W target. The residual stray field is originatedfrom the large hole of the magnetic shield for the
beamline duct, and the field can be canceled byusing the three-direction zero-field correction coils
equipped on the W target chamber.
The measurements for the stray magnetic field in
the vicinity of the W target were performed after the
installation of the W target chamber and the magnetic shield downstream of the Superomega muon
beamline using three-dimensional Hall probe on thethree-direction positioning equipment. The measured and calculated stray magnetic field along thebeam axis are shown in Fig. 3. Although there exists
offsets between measured and calculated fields, themeasured field exhibits a good agreement with thatof the calculated one. The offsets between fields areprobably originated from the effect of the magnetization of the magnetic shields. We tried to cancel
the residual stray magnetic field by using zero-fieldcorrection coils in three directions. The curve withzero-field correction coils exhibit 0 G at z = 0 andgradually increases with increasing z. And then, it
shows peak structure of 20 G at around z = 700mm, and decreases with increasing z. As a result,
the residual stray field is suppressed less than 1.5
G over the region of the W target. The major component of the residual stray field is the beam axis
direction, and in the direction normal to the beam

Muon Science155

axis, the residual stray field is less than 0.2 G. Since
the direction of the muon spin polarization is along
the beam axis, the field along the beam axis does
not affect the spin depolarization of the muons. And
the residual stray field normal to the beam axis issufficiently reduced by the magnetic shield for thechange of the muon spin. It is concluded that themagnetic field environment around the W target isready to start the experiment for extracting the ultraslow muon.

References[1]	K. Nakahara et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods
Phys. Res., Sect. A 600 (2009) 132.
[2]	K. Shimomura et al., MLF Annual Report 2012143.
[3]	Y. Ikedo et al., MLF Annual Report 2012 145.
[4]	T. Nagatomo et al., MLF Annual Report 2012162.
[5]	J. Nakamura et al., MLF Annual Report 2012
164.

Y. Ikedo1,2, H. Fujimori1,2, T. Nagatomo1,2, R. Ohkubo3, K. Nishiyama1,2, Y. Miyake1,2, K. Shimomura1,2, P. Strasser1,2,
N. Kawamura1,2, S. Makimura1,2, A. Koda1,2, J. Nakamura1,2, Y. Kobayashi1,2, A. D. Pant4, T. Ogitsu5, T. Nakamoto5,
K. Sasaki5, H. Ohata5, R. Okada5, A. Yamamoto5, Y. Makida6, M. Yoshida6, T. Okamura6, T. Adachi7, W. Higemoto1,8,T. U. Ito1,8, K. Nakahara9, and K. Ishida101
Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3MechanicalEngineering Center, KEK; 4Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi; 5Cryogenics Science
Center, KEK; 6Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK; 7Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo; 8Advanced Science
Research Center, JAEA; 9Department of Physics, University of Maryland; 10Advanced Meson Science Laboratory, Nishina Center for
Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN

156

Muon ScienceDevelopment of a Manufacturing Method of Highly Pure
Tungsten Foil for Thermal Muonium Generation

The Ultra-Slow Muon Microscope (USMM) will
be utilized for promoting various advanced researches by using ultra-slow muons, which havebeen developed at KEK-MSL and RIKEN/RAL since1995 [1,2]. Positive muons, generated in the primary proton beamline and transported to a vacuum
chamber for generation of ultra-slow muons, are introduced into a hot tungsten foil at 2000 K. Positive
muons will capture electrons and will be converted
into muonium atoms. Then the thermal muonium atoms would be evaporated into an ultra-high vacuum
and ionized by a laser ionization method.
A highly pure tungsten foil is essential, because
a clean tungsten surface is required to obtain an intense muonium emission. The thickness, the height,
and the width of the foil are determined by the beam
parameters of the introduced positive muons, andthey are evaluated to be 50 mm in thickness, 54
mm in height and 70 mm in width, respectively.
Unfortunately, the companies, which had suppliedin the past highly pure (6N, 99.9999%) tungsten
foils, discontinued the manufacturing. It used to be
manufactured by a hot rolling technique of highly
pure tungsten bulk material. However, the hot rolling apparatus for highly pure tungsten material mustbe specialized to tungsten, because the hot rollingneeds to be performed at a much higher temperature than in the case of other materials. Therefore
the development of different manufacturing methods was started instead of fabricating a new and
expensive hot rolling apparatus.
There are two categories of techniques to manufacture a foil. One is piling up the material on abasal plate, such as a Chemical Vapor Deposition(CVD) method or a Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
method, and the other is reducing the thickness ofbulk material, for example, by mechanical polishingor etching. However, because piling up the material
up to 50 mm is time-consuming, the manufacturingapparatus must be continuously and exclusively operated. Therefore, the thickness-reducing technique

was investigated first. Because the 6N-tungsten
bulk material is expensive, ordinary pure tungsten
material (3N, 99.95%) was utilized to evaluate thefeasibility of the manufacturing process. Since it iswell-known that tungsten bulk material can be cut byelectric discharge machining (EDM) into 1-mm thickplates, commercially available tungsten plates witha thickness of 1 mm were utilized in these investigations. These plates were mechanically polished into
0.2-mm thick plates. Continuously, the thickness was
reduced up to 50 mm by two methods, etching andmechanical polishing, respectively. The aiming thickness accuracy is 5%, which corresponds to 2.5 mm.
The etching of tungsten material is performed
under the following exothermic reaction:
2CIF3 + W → WF6(↑) + Cl2(↑)
The chlorine trifluoride was supplied into a vacuum vessel at a rate of 500 standard-cc/min and thepressure was kept at 2.6 kPa by evacuating with adry pump. The temperature was maintained at 80°C
by a heater. Then the reaction speed was experientially evaluated to be 20 mm/hour for the first hourand 40 mm/hour subsequently. To reduce the thickness from 0.2 mm to 50 mm, the etching process
was performed for 4 hours. The tungsten plate wasset on a quartz table and the reaction had to takeplace on only one surface. However, because thetungsten plate was distorted by the reaction heat,
the reaction did not take place just on one surface.
Also, it was found out that it is difficult to keep theetching speed uniform on the whole area. This is because the reaction speed depends on the temperature. To keep the temperature precisely uniform on
the whole area under the exothermic reaction, moresegmented temperature control by individual heaters is required. Consequently, the thickness varied
from 48 mm to 108 mm. Figure 1 shows pictures ofthe etching apparatus and the distorted tungsten
foil.

Muon Science157

Figure 1.	Pictures of the etching apparatus and the distorted
tungsten foil.

At the same time, mechanical polishing was
performed. The tungsten plate was firmly bonded
to a base with beeswax or solid wax and polishedinto a foil. At the beginning, the tungsten foil cameout during polishing, because the foil was delaminated beyond the bonding force. The reason of thisdelamination can be recognized as a processing
strain. Then the conditions of polishing, such as
feed rate, grinding margin, count of spark-out andso on, were investigated by reference to a researchby Y. Nagatomo [3]. As a result, uniform 50-mm thickfoils could be successfully obtained. The obtained
thickness accuracy was 10%.
As a next step, the successfully-performed mechanical polishing was applied to a sintered tungsten bulk material, which is commercially available
and made of nearly 6N-99.9999% tungsten. The
6N-tungsten is not as ductile as the 3N-tungsten,
because impurities are functionally doped to the
3N-tungsten for increased ductility. Before polishing, the tungsten block was sliced to 20 plates witha thickness of 1 mm by the EDM. Then the tungsten
plate was polished under almost similar conditions
to 3N-tungsten polishing pattern. However, in thiscase, it was found out that the load from the delamination was much larger than for the former polishing. Indeed, the foil easily came out and broke into
pieces. By observing the breaking behavior and thebroken pieces, we could deduce the following facts:(1) the specification of the tungsten plates itself, (2)the effect of the generated heat and the thermal
stress during the polishing, and (3) the lack of bonding force. The details and the measures taken are
described below. (1) The specification of the tungsten plates was not completely suitable to our polishing. When the bulk material was obtained, the grain
size in the sintered process had not been checked

158

Muon Science

carefully. The average grain size was 20 mm, which
seemed to be somehow large in comparison withthe thickness of the foil, 50 mm. The EDM had tobe performed more carefully. The processing strain
by the EDM was considered to be large, becausea change in color was observed at the surface ofthe tungsten plates after the EDM. Therefore, thetungsten plates were annealed before polishing. As
a result, we reduced the distortion, though somecracks occurred during polishing. (2) During the polishing, both ends were gradually delaminated. The
mechanical polishing was performed by a surface
grinding machine. Figure 2 shows pictures of thesurface grinding machine and the polishing of the
6N-tungsten foil. Even if the tungsten plates were
set in any direction, the delamination occurred at theend of the longitudinal travel of the grinding (i.e., as
the tungsten foil was twisted). Here, a green carborundum whetstone and a diamond whetstone wererespectively used for a comparison. Also, copper alloy and iron alloy were used for a comparison as
materials for the basal plate. As a result, no differences could be observed. (3) The bonding was not
rigid enough, so delamination of the foil occurred.
Successively, the polished tungsten powders or the
ground whetstone slid into the gap between the foil

Figure 2.	Pictures of the surface grinding machine and thepolishing of the 6N-tungsten foil.

Longitudinal Travel
Rotation
Whetstone
W foilBeeswax
Basal plate

Delamination

Marks ofthe powders

Polished
powders

Figure 3.	Schematic drawing of the powders-sliding into the
gap and a picture of the foil under polishing.

Figure 4. Pictures of the broken tungsten foils.

Figure 5. A picture of the manufactured 6N-tungsten foil.

and the basal plate. Figure 3 shows a schematic
drawing of the powders-sliding into the gap, and apicture of the foil under polishing where the marks
left by the powders can clearly be seen. As a result,the foil came away and broke into pieces. Figure 4
shows pictures of the broken foils. To increase thebonding force, the beeswax was replaced with an
epoxy bonding agent. Finally, one 6N-tungsten foilwith the aimed dimensions was obtained. The foil
bonded to the basal plate was exposed to organic
solvents, and was detached from it successfully.
The thickness accuracy was less than 5%. Figure
5 shows a picture of the manufactured 6N-tungsten
foil. The residual organic solvents on the tungsten
foil were measured by a Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy. Consequently, no organic solvent

was observed.
In the future, the tungsten bulk material will be
manufactured by tungsten powders with a smaller
grain size. The conditions for EDM will be investigated carefully. Then manufactured foil will be utilized for a generation of ultra-slow muons.
References[1]	K. Nagamine et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995)
4811.
[2]	P. Bakule et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res. B 266 (2008) 335.
[3]	Y. Nagatomo et al., Report of Miyazaki Prefecture
Industrial Technology Center 47 (2002) 43,
written in Japanese.

S. Makimura1,2, M. Onoi3, M. Wakasugi3, T. Nagatomo1,2, Y. Ikedo1,2, P. Strasser1,2, K. Shimomura1,2, J. Nakamura1,2,
K. Nishiyama1,2, and Y. Miyake1,2
1Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Metal Technology
Co., LTD.

Muon Science159

Construction of the J-PARC/MUSE Ultra-Slow Muon Beamline

At the J-PARC Muon Science Facility (MUSE),
located in the Materials and Life Science Facility(MLF) building, we are now constructing a new ultra-slow muon beamline to extend the scope of theµSR technique from bulk material to thin films, multilayers, surfaces and extremely small samples. The
new Super-Omega muon beamline (U-Line), which
produces now the world’s strongest pulsed surface
muon beam, will be used to generate intense ultraslow muons by the re-acceleration of thermal muons regenerated by the laser resonant ionization ofmuonium atoms evaporated from a hot tungsten foil,
a method that originated from the Meson Science
Laboratory at KEK. The re-accelerated beam (ultraslow muon beam) has better energy resolution, time
resolution and space distribution compared to theinitial surface muon beam.
The design of the new ultra-slow muon beamline was already reported in the previous KEK-MSL
Report (2011). During this fiscal year, the beamline
components were constructed by Irie Koken Co., Ltd.
Figure 1 shows a picture of the completed ultra-slow
muon beamline during the factory inspection. In theforeground, one can distinguish the two branches ofthe beamline leading to the two experimental areas:

U1A on the left (Ultra-Slow Muon µSR) and U1B on
the right (Reacceleration and Microbeam µSR), respectively. A closer view of some of the optical elements is shown in Fig. 2. Figure 3 shows pictures ofthe beam monitor and slit assembly. There are fivesuch assemblies located along the ultra-slow muon
beamline for monitoring and tuning purposes. Bothhorizontal slit mechanisms (left and right) are remotely activated from the same side, while the vertical slits (top and bottom) are both mounted frombelow. This compact arrangement leaves space fora beam monitor transfer mechanism to be placedat the top of the vacuum chamber. At the moment
either a standard MCP detector (micro channel
plate, 40-mm in diameter, single anode) or a two-dimensional MCP detector (with delay-line anode forhigh resolution 2D-imaging from RoentDek Handels
GmbH.) can be mounted. The detector is lowered
behind the slits that can also be used to evaluate
the beam profile with a single-anode MCP.
The ultra-slow muon beamline was delivered to
MLF in November 2012, and the installation andalignment started in January 2013. The first ultraslow muon beam is expected by the end of thespring of 2013.

Figure 1. The new ultra-slow muon beamline during the inspection at the factory.

160

Muon ScienceFigure 3. Beam monitor and slit assembly.

Figure 2.	Optical elements: electric quadrupole (top left),
90° electric bend (top right), and entrance of the
double electric bend (bottom), respectively.

The full Geant4 beamline transport simulation of
the ultra-slow muon beam is also in progress using the PSI simulation package. The magnetic andelectric field distributions of each individual component were calculated using the code OPERA-3D(TOSCA), and incorporated in the simulation code.

P. Strasser1,2, S. Makimura1,2, T. Nagatomo1,2, Y. Ikedo1,2, J. Nakamura1,2, K. Nishiyama1,2, K. Shimomura1,2, A. Koda1,2,
N. Kawamura1,2, H. Fujimori1,2, W. Hegemoto1,3, R. Kadono,1,2 and Y. Miyake1,2
1Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Advanced Science
Research Center, JAEA

Muon Science161

Installation and Simulation of Ultra-Slow Muon Beam LineAt the J-PARC Muon Science Facility in the MLF
building, we installed the ultra-slow muon beamline at the end of the Super-Omega beam line of
the U-Line [1]. Highly intense surface muons withenergy of ~4 MeV are provided from the SuperOmega beam line and implanted into a hot tungsten
foil as a source of ultra-slow muons. The ultra-slow
muons are produced by combination of the thermal muonium evaporation from the surface of the
2000-K tungsten foil and the resonant ionization by
utilizing a VUV Laser [2]. After the ionization, theultra-slow muons are accelerated to 30 keV and arefocused by cylindrical electrostatic lens, so-called
SOA Lens. The extracted ultra-slow muon beam istransported to two experimental ports; one is utilized for the ultra-slow µSR research and the otherfor realizing a micro radius beam by re-acceleration
to several hundred keV. The beam line consists ofa magnetic bend for mass analysis, several electrostatic bends and lenses. All of the power sources
for these devices are controlled by PLC. A remotecontrol system operating through the Internet wasconstructed. A power source to heat up the tungsten
target with the pulsed interrupt function to suppress

the magnetic field induction was also installed.
Investigation of the beam optics parameters was
performed based on the Monte Carlo simulation [3].

Table 1.	beam optics parameters for 15-keV muons transported to the µSR setup.

Devices / unit

Value

EQ1 / kV

-0.250MB / Gauss

125.04EQ2 / kV

-0.300EQ3 / kV

+0.150EB1 / kV

3.7176

EQ4 / kV

+1.145EQ5 / kV

-2.075EQ6 / kV

-2.000EQ7 / kV

+1.100ED / kV

2.450

EB2 / kV

3.7250EQ8 / kV

0.900

EQ9 / kV

-1.400EB3 / kV

3.7500

EQ10 / kV

1.000

EQ11 / kV-1.613

EQ12 / kV

0.755

y /m m

y/mm

15

F1AXY

180

Entries

29230

Mean x0.012

160

Mean y 0.01119

10

RMS x

2.27

RMS y

1.92

15

F5AXY
Entries

10

140
120

5

100

0 0

Mean y0.2872

RMS x

2.609

RMS y

3.514

5
60
0 0

80

−5

60
40

−10

40

−5

20

−10

20

−15
−15

−10

−5

0

x /mm

5

10

15

0

−15
−15

−10

−5

0

x /m m5

10

Figure 1. Estimated x-y plots of beam spots at the first (left) and last focal planes (right) in unit of mm.

162

27372

Mean x −0.05362

Muon Science

150The three dimensional static electric and magnetic
fields, applied to the simulation, were calculatedwith the finite element method (OPERA-3D) where
the contents such as the shape of electrodes, supports and surroundings were reproduced as closely
as possible. The maximum transportation rate wasmore than 90% from the first focal plain to the last
focal plane (just before the Einzel lens) with the parameters listed in Table 1. And the estimated beam
spots at the first and the last focal plane are shownin Fig. 1.
Early in the next fiscal year, we are first planning a commissioning of the ultra-slow muon beamline with 6,7Li+ ions that the natural tungsten foil con-tains as impurities. By heating up the tungsten, theLi ions are spontaneously evaporated and that canbe utilized as a pilot beam. After the commissioning
with the Li ions, we will start the resonant laser tuning. We steadily advance the preparation of the firstultra-slow muon beam as early as possible.
References[1]	Y. Ikedo et al., MLF Annual Report 2012 182.
[2]	J. Nakamura et al., MLF Annual Report 2012164.
[3]	the “musrSim” package developed by LMU
group of PSI (http://lmu.web.psi.ch/simulation/index.html)

T. Nagatomo1,2, Y. Ikedo1,2, P. Strasser1,2, S. Makimura1,2, J. Nakamura1,2, R. Ohkubo3, K. Nishiyama1,2, K. Shimomura1,2,
N. Kawamura1,2, A. Koda1,2, H. Fujimori1,2, Y. Kobayashi1,2, T. U. Ito1,4, W. Higemoto1,4, A. D. Pant5, R. Kadono1,2, E. Torikai5,
and Y. Miyake1,2
1Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3MechanicalEngineering Center, KEK; 4Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA; 5Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering,
University of Yamanashi

Muon Science163

Transport System of Laser Pulses

The transport system of laser pulses [1] introduces laser waves to the muonium (Mu, μ+e-) production vacuum chamber [2] on a new-muon beamline(U-line) in J-PARC [3]. The Ultra-Slow Muon Beam
[4] is produced by laser resonant ionization of thermal (E~0.3 eV) muonium. In this laser resonant ionization process, thermal Mu is excited (1S→2P) bya coherent vacuum ultraviolet wave (VUV, 122 nm,
Lyman-α) and ionized by a 355-nm wave (UVA).
This coherent VUV wave, a pulsed resonance radiation, is generated in a Krypton (Kr) gas cell bysum-difference frequency mixing of a 212-nm wave
(UVC, two-photon resonant excitation) and a tunable difference wave (near infrared, NIR, 820 nm)[5]. These coherent radiation sources, based on a
diode-pumped fiber laser and solid-state laser technologies, have been developed by Saito et al. at
RIKEN [6], and installed in a laser cabin [7].
These vacuum chambers for the transport system (manufactured by AVC Co., LTD. [8]) consist of a
VUV steering vacuum chamber and a nitrogen monoxide (NO) gas cell (Fig. 1). The VUV pulse generated in the Kr gas cell goes sequentially through the
VUV steering chamber, the Mu production chamber,and the NO gas cell. In the VUV steering chamber,two “bright” fundamental waves (212 nm, 820 nm)
can be separated from the VUV wave by wavelength
dispersion of the refractive index at a LiF wedge
plate. The 355-nm wave has nearly the same incident angle to the Mu production chamber as that ofa VUV wave. At the NO gas cell, there are parallel

plates that accumulate nitrogen monoxide moleculesions for measuring the intensity of the VUV pulse [9].
The VUV steering chamber has two mirror control units (Fig. 2). High vacuum (<10-6 Pa) can beachieved in the VUV steering chamber, since themirrors equipped in this chamber, are steered
from outside of the chamber, by magnetic couplingmechanism, and no other drive mechanisms, suchas piezoelectric system, etc., are adopted in it.
Since mirror control units were prepared foreach VUV pulse and 355-nm pulse, individually, we
can easily control the distance between these pulses and the Mu production target (tungsten foil). By
monitoring the ionization rate of the thermal Mu withchanging this distance, it will be revealed whether
the thermal Mu follows a Boltzmann distribution.
For the design of the VUV steering chamber, calculations of the ultimate pressure and optics werecarried out.
Since, the thermal Mu production requires ultrahigh vacuum (10-7 Pa~10-8 Pa), the VUV steeringchamber is differentially pumped from the Mu production chamber (Fig. 3). The calculation of differential pumping is as follows:

Figure 2. Mirror control unit.

From Super Omega

122nm (VUV)

µ+

dump

212nm (ω1)

LiF wedge plate

820nm (ω2)

LiF cyl. lenschamber

W
dump

355nm
Mirror Control
from outside of the chamber

VUV Steering Chamber

P1µ+

To Ultra Slow Muon
beam line

Muon Sciencepumpchamber

C

Q2
P2

Qdd

NO gas cell

Figure 1. Transport system of laser pulses.

164

Q1

S1

pump

P : Pressure
S : Pumping speed
Q : Gas flow

S2

(Total gassing rate)
C : Conductance

Figure 3. Diagram of a differential pumping.

Table 1. Total outgassing rate.

QMS
GV
Cold Cathode
gauge

TMP

Figure 4. Test chamber for outgassing measurement.

Q / (Pa m3/s)
Test chamber (empty)

3.6 × 10-9

Mirror mount (1 in.)

1.1 × 10-9

Control unit for mirror 3

3.1 × 10-9

Mirror(Al plane mirror, 2in.)

2.8 × 10-9

Center of
Kr cell(-2480,200)

LiF wedge
plate(-1980,200)

Mirror 1(-957,223)

LiF cyl. lens(-954,100)
Mirror 3(-954,0)P 2 − P1 = Q d

Q 1 + Qd
Q2 − Qd1; P2 =; P1 =C
S1
S2

Mirror 2(-775,200)

Mirror 4(-767,20)

NO cell window(816,0), (951,0)

W target(0,0)

Figure 5. Coordination of Ray trace.

(C + S2 )Q1 + CQ2
 P1 = C(S + S ) + S S
1
2
1 2

⇒
 P2 = (C + S1 )Q2 + CQ1
C(S1 + S2 ) + S1 S2Conductance C of the thin tube (whose lengthis 12 cm, and the section is of rectangle shape of
5 × 2 cm for vertically long radiation profile of VUVpulse) is 0.04m3/s. Then, the pressure of the Mu
production chamber P2 reaches less than 1 × 10-7
Pa, when that of the VUV steering chamber P1 isaround 1 × 10-6 Pa.
For measurements of the total outgassing rate,
a bench test chamber was prepared (Fig. 4). The
chamber has a Pirani and cold cathode vacuum
gauge and a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS).
The calculation of the total outgassing rate by
the equation of buildup is as follows: (V: volume of
the chamber)

P (t) = P0 +

dP
Q
t⇒Q=
V
V
dt

According to this calculation, (Table 1. shows theresults) the total outgassing rate and the ultimate
pressure of the VUV steering chamber are estimated to be less than 1 × 10-7 Pa m3/s, 1 × 10-7 Pa,
respectively.
In order to investigate the components of the outgassing, QMS measurements were also performed.
The existence of the usual gases was confirmed
for the residual gas components, such as H2O, O2,
and CO2, and no specific gas, such as hydrocarbon,

820

212
122

50mm

Figure 6. Ray trace for separation of pulses.

which is thought to reduce the yield of the Mu, wasregistered. In addition, the pressure changes whilemoving the mirror control unit in the test chamber
were examined using a pressure gauge. The pressure of the chamber increases from 7.5 × 10-7 Pa to1 × 10-6 Pa, and decreases to its original value in a
few minutes.
Radiation profiles and the separation of laser pulses are calculated by a ray-tracing, Optica (Fig. 5).
Although a cylindrical lens of MgF2 was used
for pulse separation at RIKEN-RAL muon facility[10], a wedge plate of LiF is planned to be used forhorizontal pulse separation (Fig. 6), and the vertex
angle of this wedge plate is 6°. At present, a new
way of focusing in Kr gas is extensively studied in
RIKEN to adapt high intense laser pulses.
Next, the vertically long profile of VUV pulse is suitable for effective ionization of Mu. A cylindrical lens of
LiF is used for making vertical profile (Fig. 7). The radius of the curvature of this lens is -100 mm, now.

Muon Science

165

The transport system of laser pulses was temporary set on the shielding of the D-line (Fig. 8). Then, it
was confirmed that there was no leak in the chamber.
Fig. 9 shows the current status at the U1 shielding area. We are also in the process of improving
the laser safety.
References[1]	J. Nakamura et al., 68th Annual Meeting of the
Phys. Soc. of Jpn. (2013) 26pXZB-7.
[2]	T. Nagatomo et al., 68th Annual Meeting of the
Physical Society of Japan (2013) 26pXZB-8;
	P. Strasser et al., KEK Progress Report 2012-2
KEK-MSL REPORT 2011 (2012) 14.
[3]	Y. Ikedo et al., KEK Progress Report 2012-2
KEK-MSL REPORT 2011 (2012) 18.
[4]	Y. Miyake et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res., Sect. B 95 (1995) 265.
[5]	O. A. Louchev et al., Phys. Rev. A 84 (2011)033842.
[6]	N. Saito et al., Reports on the Topical meetingof the Laser Soc. of Japan 427 (2012) 49.
[7]	J. Nakamura et al., KEK Progress Report 20122 KEK-MSL REPORT 2011 (2012) 17[8]	http://www.a-vc.net/[9]	T. Kajiwara et al., Rev. Laser Eng. 12 (1984)367;
	J.A.R. Samson, et al., Vacuum ultraviolet
spectroscopy, Academic Press, London, (2000)[10]	P. Bakule et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res., Sect. B 266 (2008) 335;
	Y. Matsuda et al., Physica B 326 (2003) 217.

Side view
R=-100@W target@NO cell window

50mm
䠖W size

14mm: S1-W length

50mm:electrode size

20mm:
20mm
btwn electrode

Figure 7. Ray trace for the profile of VUV pulse.

Figure 8. Temporary setting of the VUV steering chamber.

Figure 9.	Transport system of laser pulses and Mu production chamber.

J. Nakamura1,2, Y. Oishi3, N. Saito4, K. Miyazaki4, K. Yokoyama3, K. Okamura5, S. Makimura1,2, Y. Miyake1,2, T. Nagatomo1,2,
P. Strasser1,2, Y. Ikedo1,2, D. Tomono3, K. Shimomura1,2, S. Wada4,5, N. Kawamura1,2, A. Koda1,2, and K. Nishiyama1,2
1Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Advanced Meson
Science Laboratory, RIKEN Nishina Center; 4Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics; 5Megaopto Co.,
LTD.

166

Muon ScienceCoherent Lyman-α Resonance Radiation Sourcefor Ultra-Slow Muon Microscope

OMEGA 1 : High energy 212.556 nm source
Distributed
feedback laser

Fiber amplifierAll-solid-state
amplifier212.556 nm
50 mJ

0.1 mJ
1062.78 nm (ω1/5)∆v = 1 GHz
Nonlinear
2 ns
frequency conversion
ω1

4ω1/5

1J

2ω1/5

OMEGA 2 : 820.649 nm source
Multi-stage opticalparametric osc. and amp.

50 mJ

A coherent light source is one of the importantdevices to advance various branches of science,and the accelerator-based science is no exception.
We are going ahead with the development of highenergy coherent muonium Lyman-α resonanceradiation source towards the realization of high-intensity, low-temperature, high-time resolution, andhigh-spin polarized ultra-slow muon source. Such amuon source is required for the ultra-slow muon microscope at the Muon Science Laboratory [1]. Theenergy-level spacing between 1S and 2P in muonium corresponds to a wavelength of 122.09 nm andthe wavelength is called Lyman-α resonance line.
And our aim is to realize output energy of 100 µJ/
pulse at 122.09 nm.
Muonium Lyman-α resonance radiation is generated in a four-wave mixing process involving two
photons at 212.556 nm and a third photon at near
820.649 nm [2, 3]. The frequency ω1 = c/(212.556
× 10-9 m) is resonant with the two-photon transition
4p-5p[1/2,0] of Kr. We designed coherent 212.556(Omega 1) and 820.649 nm (Omega 2) light sources based on the most-advanced techniques of allsolid-state lasers, fiber lasers, and nonlinear frequency conversion as shown in Fig. 1.
A distributed feedback laser was used for the
purpose of determining the oscillation wavelength,
which is fundamental in the nonlinear frequency
conversion. The frequency ω1 is the fifth harmonicof the fundamental at a frequency of c/(1062.78 ×
10-9 m) Hz and a two-photon resonance frequency
in order to excite Kr. The all-solid-state amplifier iscomposed of two types of optical amplifiers: regenerative amplifier and side-pumped amplifier. The regenerative amplifier produced 2 mJ optical pulses at
a repetition rage of 25 Hz. The output pulses were
amplified up to 80 mJ after amplification through theside-pumped amplifier. The duration of the pulses
was approximately 2 ns. We expect that the output
power at 1062.78 nm will increase up to 1 J with theuse of power amplifiers.

Diode
laser

820.649 nm (ω2)∆v2 = 230 GHz

Lyman-α Shifter : Krypton gas cell
Kr 4p55p
ω1
ω1
Kr 4p

6

ω2

ωLy-α

Lyman-α122.09 nm
100 µJ

Figure 1. Lyman-α resonance radiation source.

The fundamental is incident on a 20-mm-long,
uncoated LiB3O5 crystal and generates a wave at thesecond harmonic frequency in the condition of noncritical phase matching. The fourth harmonic (4ω1/5)
is produced in frequency doubling of the second
harmonic wave in a 7-mm-long BaB2O4 crystal. The
fifth harmonic is generated in sum-frequency mixing
using the fundamental and the fourth harmonic inanother 7-mm-long BaB2O4. Omega 1 can currently
increase the pulse energy up to a maximum of 8 mJ.
Omega 2 is a coherent 820.649 nm light source
based on optical parametric oscillation and amplification. We developed a spectrum-broadened diode laser, which was used as an injection seeder
to determine the center wavelength and spectrum
bandwidth in the optical parametric processes. The
output spectrum linewidth emitted from the diode laser was determined to be 235 GHz.

Muon Science

167

Intensity (a. u.)

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

Intensity (a. u.)

0

(a)

0.8
0.6

no signal

0.4
0.2
0

Intensity (a. u.)

Lyman-α Pulse

(b)

0.8
0.6

no signal

0.4
0.2
0

(c)

0

50

100
150
Time (ns)

200

250

Figure 2.	(a) Lyman-α pulse generated in two-photon resonance four-wave mixing. In the four-wave mixing(b) ω1 was blocked and (c) ω2 was blocked.

Figure 3.	System of coherent Lyman-α resonance radiation
source at the muon U-line.

Omega 2 was pumped with a flashlamp-pumped
frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. The pulse width
was approximately 7 ns. A maximum output energyof 2.3 mJ with a duration of 6 ns was emitted fromthe optical parametric oscillator using a 15-mmlong, uncoated KTP crystal in a resonator. The optical parametric amplifier consists two 15-mm-long,
uncoated KTP crystals. The constitution of walk-off
compensation amplified output pulses produced in
the optical parametric oscillator up to an output energy of 13 mJ at 820.649 nm.
Output pulses at 212.556 and 820.649 nm were simultaneously and coaxially input to a Lyman-α shifter.
The wave-vector mismatch is negative for vacuum ultra violet wavelengths shorter than the Kr resonanceline at approximately 124 nm. Generally, a positively
dispersive buffer gas such as Ar is mixed to satisfy thephase matching condition. The pressure of Kr-Ar gas(PAr/PKr ≈ 3) gas cell was set to a pressure of 2.6 ×
10-1 Pa. Fig. 2 (a) shows a temporal pulse of Lyman-αresonance radiation generated in two-photon resonance four-wave mixing in a Kr gas cell. We observed
the increase of output intensity at 122.09 nm with thedecrease in pressure up to 1.0 × 10-1 Pa.
In conclusion, we have successfully generated
muonium Lyman-α resonance radiation. We carried
the coherent Lyman-α resonance radiation source
in muon U-line on March 22, 2013 and constituted
it for a principle experiment of ultra-slow muon generation as shown in Fig. 3.
References[1]	Y. Miyake et al., Hyperfine Interact 216 (2013)79.
[2]	G. Hilber et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 4 (1987) 1753.
[3]	O. A. Louchev et al., Phys. Rev. A 84 (2011)033842.

N. Saito1, Y. Oishi2, K. Miyazaki1, K. Okamura1, M. Iwasaki2, and S. Wada1
1
Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN; 2Advanced Meson Science Laboratory, Nishina Center
for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN

168

Muon Science

Installation of Kalliope additional positron detectors
to DW-1 spectrometer

In FY2010 and FY2011, we developed the prototype of a new positron detector system called Kalliope[1,2]. In FY2012, we installed 12 Kalliope modules tothe existing mSR spectrometer DW-1 to double thedetector solid angle [3]. We also developed an autotuning program of the threshold level to adjust the efficiency of the individual pixel positron counters. The
commissioning and the application to the user measurement have revealed a problem, which requires
an improvement of the detector photodiodes.
Kalliope, which stands for KEK Advanced Linear
and Logic-board Integrated Optical detectors for
Positrons and Electrons, is a high-density positrondetector array necessary for pulsed muon facilities.
It consists of (1) plastic scintillator telescope on the
scintillator board, (2) analog front-end board with anapplication specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), whichmakes a digital pulse from the analog input signals,
and (3) digital board with field-programmable gatearray (FPGA), which stores the timing information of
the digital pulses and transfers it to the DAQ computers. In FY2012, we developed a Kalliope module(v1.0-DW-1plus design), which could be installed tothe existing DW-1 spectrometer. The specificationsof the module are summarized in Table 1.
The photo of the developed Kalliope module isshown in Fig.1. By placing a scintillator board, which
is separated from the analog board and connectedby coax cables, the scintillator telescope may point
to any angle, independently from the analog board
orientation.
These Kalliope modules are installed to DW-1

Table 1. Specifications of Kalliope v1.0-DΩ-1plus design.
component

specification

Scintillator block 16 pairs of plastic scintillators (1 × 1 ×
1.2 cm), installed on GN1274-1 board
Analog board

Volume 2011 ASIC on GN1186-3 board

Digital board

BBT x-027 = GN1078-2 board

GN-XXXX is the catalog number of the manufac-turer, GND(Tateyama, Japan)

Figure 1.	Kalliope-v.1.0-DW-1plus design. It consists ofscintillator block on scintiboard, analog board anddigital board. The coax cable connecting the scintiboard and analog board is Nihon-IF CJP series.

spectrometer as shown in Fig.2. The upstream installation is particularly challenging due to the limited space: Kalliope modules are installed between
the existing PMT-based detectors and the beam
duct. The detector solid angle of the Kalliope units
installed is almost the same like that of the existing
PMT-based detectors, which is 8%. After the installation, the overall detector solid angle of DW-1 yields
18% approaching to the standard solid angle (2025%) available in the conventional mSR spectrometers used around the world.
Fig.3 shows the m-e decay time spectra with andwithout the Kalliope contributions. With the Kalliope
modules installed, the m-e decay count rate doubled
due to the increased detector solid angle.
One achievement in FY2012 was the development of an auto-tuning script of the threshold level ofthe Kalliope modules, which was necessary to have
before proceeding with a mass installation. The procedure was originally planned to search for an ap-

Muon Science169

PMT-based
old counters2000µe-decay

Counts per nsec

1500

PMT
+Kalliope

1000

500

APD-based
Kalliope

PMT
0

0

2

4

6

TIME [µs]810Figure 3. The m-e decay time spectrum with and without
Kalliope.

Kalliope
beam
duct
Kalliope
Figure 2.	Kalliope modules installed to DW-1 spectrometer.
They are installed into the free space between theexisting PMT-based counters and the beam duct.

propriate count rate of each counter by changing
its threshold level. However, the cross correlation of
the threshold levels between the channels prohibited a straight-forward calculation of the thresholdlevel. We adapted a simplified algorithm of a common threshold level for all counters and made aconvergence. The cross-correlation originated froma bug in the ASIC internal circuit, and was reflectedin the design of the following Volume-2012 ASIC.
Another problem, which became evident after

mass and actual installation of the Kalliope modules,
was a rate-dependent deformation of the mSR spectrum. The m-e decay time spectra, which appears to befine in Fig.3 was deformed in the early stages beyond
the level explained by the usual accidental pile-ups
of positron signals. The reason was the combinationof (1) instantaneous high count-rate associated withthe after-pulse from the multi-pixel avalanched photo
diode MPPC and (2) the saturation of the input amplifier of Volume-2011. Although the latter is inevitablewith the current design of the ASIC, the former may
improve with the new design of MPPC (Hamamatsu)
which is going to be released in mid-2013.
As a result of the installation of Kalliope to thereal spectrometer, tools and tips necessary for theoperation were accumulated in FY2012. We also
encountered new problems, which became evident
after the actual application of the modules in mSR.
We indent to solve these problems and aim to manufacture full-sized spectrometers in FY2013.
References[1]	K. M. Kojima et al., KEK-MSL Annual report (2010).
[2]	K. M. Kojima et al., KEK-MSL Annual report (2011).
[3]	KEK highlight (in Japanese)	http://www.kek.jp/ja/NewsRoom/Highlights/
20130124170000/

K. M. Kojima1,2,3,7, T. Murakami4,7, S. Kanda5,6,7, Y. Takahashi1,2,7, Y. Fukao4,7, S. Y. Suzuki6,7, A. Koda1,2,3,7, M. Miyazaki1,2,7,
M. Hiraishi1,2,7, R. Kadono1,2,3,7, N. Saito4,5, M. Ikeno5,7, M. Saito4,7, T. Uchida4,7, and M. Tanaka4,71
Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Department ofMaterials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Soken-Dai); 4Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK;
5
Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo; 6Advanced Meson Science Laboratory, Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science,
Riken; 7Open Source Consortium of Instrumentation (Open-It), KEK

170

Muon Science

Installation of Dilution Refrigerator at J-PARC MUSE

Low temperature electronic and magnetic properties are often very important to clarify an intrinsic property of the material. To meet the strong
demands from the users for experiments below
1 K, we installed a dilution refrigerator (DR) at D1
area, MUSE. The DR was previously used at KEKMSL, which could achieve a temperature lower than
20 mK. The main feature of the DR is a “top-loading”
system. For an ordinary dilution refrigerator, the dilution unit should be warmed up to room temperature
to change a sample. Therefore, it takes a few days
to change and cool down a sample. Meanwhile, in
our top loading DR, a sample can be changed byunloading or loading just the sample holder. Thisfeature is quite useful for a μSR experiment.
In February 2010, we transported the DR systemfrom Tsukuba to Tokai, and started the installation at
J-PARC MUSE. We also constructed the new stage
for the DR at D1 area. Figure 1 shows the DR, andthe stage at D1 area.
The cooling down of the DR is carried out by thefollowing procedures:

1.	Evacuation of the outer and inner vacuum can tohigh vacuum (12 h)
2. Pre-cooling by liquid nitrogen (24 h)
3. Preparation of liquid helium transfer (6 h)4. Liquid helium transfer (12 h)
5. Cooling down to 4 K (3 h)
6. Cooling down of 1 K pot to 1.5 K (1 h)
7. Condensation of 3He/4He mixture (2 h)8. Circulation of 3He/4He mixture (8 h)
At least, 3 days are required to cool down to 4 K
and another 12 h is necessary to cool down to lowest temperature (20-30 mK). For exchanging andre-cooling down of the sample, it takes roughly 12 h.
In the beginning of the installation, we found outthat there was a serious leakage at the plate heatexchanger and the indium seals of the DR unit.
Additionally, several problems of the thermometers,
the heaters and the vacuum sealing were found.
These problems have been already fixed and now
DR is used for several users’ experiments. These
results will be published elsewhere.

Figure 1. (Left) Dilution refrigerator at D1 area. Top flange of the DR is ~3 m from floor. (Right) Dilution unit.

Muon Science171

We have carried out test experiments by using blank silver sample holder without sample. As
shown in Fig.2, no significant muon spin relaxation

was seen under TF of 20G. This result indicates thatthe implanted muon stopped just on silver plate.

Ag Holder 80K

Raw Asymmentry








0

5

Time(µs)

1015Figure 2. Test experiment with blank silver holder.

W. Higemoto1,2, T. U. Ito1,2, K. Yamauchi2,3, and A. Koda2,3Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA; 2Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Institute of Materials
Structure Science, KEK
1

172

Muon ScienceScenes from the Muon Experimental Hall

Masanori Miyazaki and Masatoshi Hiraishi explain the basics of muon spin relaxation to MLF school participants,
Kenji Tsutsumi and Kentaro Sato, from Tohoku University.

Masatoshi Hiraishi and Kenji M. Kojima work on the newlyinstalled ‘Kalliope’ detector system of the DOmega-1 spectrometer at the D1 experimental area.

Shunsuke Makimura with the rotating muon production
target that he designed.

Koichiro Shimomura with the SuperOmega curved solenoid installed at the U-line – the world’s highest intensity
surface muon channel.

Yutaka Ikedo and Takashi Nagatomo align the vacuum
chamber used to generate thermal muonium for ultraslow muon formation at the U1 area.

Patrick Strasser and Yutaka Ikedo work with contractor
technicians on the Mu production chamber in the U1A area.

Yu Oishi, Koji Miyazaki, Kotaro Okamura, Norihito Saito
and Masahiko Iwasaki from RIKEN work with Jumpei
Nakamura to prepare an intense VUV laser system used
to ionize Mu in the laser cabin.
Muon Science173

What's new at the MLF in 2012?

Advance Neutron Beam Line for VIllage of Neutron
ResOnance Spin Echo Spectrometers (VIN ROSE) at BL06

The neutron spin echo (NSE) technique is an essential spectroscopic method, which enables us toachieve the highest neutron energy resolution. NSEwith a pulsed neutron source makes it possible toscan a wide dynamic range of Fourier time.
Kyoto University and KEK are installing two
types of NSE spectrometers at BL06, which are aneutron resonance spin echo (NRSE) instrument
and a modulated intensity by zero effort (MIEZE)
instrument. Both NRSE and MIEZE make use ofneutron resonance spin flippers. Since NSE withneutron resonance spin flippers makes it possible todesign compact spectrometers, multiple machines
can be installed in a narrow space. In Figure 1, theschematic top view of the BL06 beam line is shown.
Two curved supermirror guide tubes for each spectrometer will be installed. The space at BL06 is very
limited, therefore the role of these curved guides is
to create experimental space for two spectrometers
and transport the optimized neutron beam efficient-ly. By using curved guide tube, fast neutrons andgamma rays from the source are stopped by an ironbeam dump.
NRSE is suitable to study slow dynamics ofsoft condensed matter with high energy resolution, while MIEZE has the big advantage of flexible
sample environments with the potential to open new
fields of study such as spin dynamics in strongly
correlated systems. Thus we have named BL06
“VIN ROSE” (Village of Neutron Resonance Spin
Echo Spectrometers) [1]. In the VIN ROSE, neutron optical devices are key component and manyof those are present in the spectrometers. Some ofthe devices, such as the focusing mirror and the related devices have been developed and improved
step by step. All the supermirrors for these guides
are deposited on silicon wafers with thickness of
3 mm by using the ion beam sputtering machine at
KURRI (KUR-IBS) [1, 2]. The supermirrors are holdprecisely and covered by iron shields to reduce the

Figure 1. Schematic top view of MIEZE and NRSE beam line at BL06.

Figure 2. Reflectivity of typical m=2.5 and 3 supermirror for (a) NRSE and (b) MIEZE spectrometer, respectively.

176

What's new at the MLF in 2012?

Table 1. Planning instrumental specifications of VIN-ROSE.

Spectrometer
MIEZE
NRSE

Wavelength
3 < λ < 13 [Å]
5 < λ < 20 [Å]dose level. The NRSE and MIEZE guides use m =2.5 and 3 supermirrors, respectively. Their high performance has been proven by neutron reflectivity
measurements etc., which is shown in Figure 2.
Currently, upstream concrete shielding has
been installed on the BL06. The guide mirrors anddownstream concrete shielding will be installed in
FY2013, and the commissioning of the instruments
will start from FY2014. In Table 1, the planning in-

Q range [Å-1]
0.2 < Q < 3.5
0.02 < Q < 0.65

Fourier Time
1 [ps] < t < 2 [ns]0.1 [ns] < t < 0.1 [μs]strumental specifications of VIN-ROSE are listed.
References[1]	M. Hino, T. Oda, M. Kitaguch, N. L. Yamada,
H. Sagehashi, Y. Kawabata, H. Seto, Physics
Procedia 42 (2013) 136.
[2]	M. Hino, H. Sunohara, Y. Yoshimura, R. Maruyama,
S. Tasaki, H. Yoshino and Y. Kawabata, Nucl. Inst.
Meth. A 529 (2004) 54.

H. Endo1,2, M. Hino3, T. Oda3, N. L. Yamada1,2, H. Seto1,2, M. Kitaguchi4, and Y. Kawabata3
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Kyoto University
Research Reactor Institute; 4Department of Physics, Nagoya University

What's new at the MLF in 2012?

177

Construction of The Pulsed Neutron Imaging Beam Lineat J-PARC

1. Introduction
The neutron radiography technique has been utilized as an essential non-destructive inspection method in various fields due to its distinctive characteristics
such as high transmittance and high sensitivity to lightelements. Recently, a new imaging technique, using
unique features of the neutron energy dependence oftransmission rate, has been attracting attention, because it enables us to visualize spatial distributionsof more physical quantities inside the objects as follows: crystallographic information by the Bragg edge
method [1], elemental compositions and temperatureby the resonance absorption method [2] and magnetic fields inside and outside of objects by the polarized neutron method [3]. The pulsed neutron beam
is very effective for such measurements to analyze
the neutron energy dependences through the timeof-flight method with a broad neutron energy range.
To provide the new methods to the general users, wehave started the construction of a pulsed neutron imaging instrument at BL22 in MLF of J-PARC. This is
the world’s first instrument dedicated to the neutron
imaging at pulsed sources.
2. Characteristics of the instrument
The imaging instrument has been designed bytaking into account the requirements for each imaging technique. The Bragg edge imaging requires awavelength resolution of 0.2% for strain measurements, and neutron wavelength longer than 5 Å tocover the 1st Bragg edge. The resonance absorption imaging needs a neutron energy range of up to
several tens of keV, and an energy resolution lower
than 1% for the resonance peak analysis. The conventional neutron radiography experiment, which isan indispensable technique even in the cutting-edge
instrument, demands the highest neutron flux andthe highest spatial resolution with a large beam size.

Figure 1. Illustration of the pulsed neutron imaging instrument at J-PARC.

178

What's new at the MLF in 2012?

To satisfy all requirements, we introduce a selectable beam divergence (L/D values) and two sample
positions as shown in Fig.1. One is located at 18 m
from the source to obtain the highest neutron fluxof about 108 n/sec/cm2 and a wavelength of up to
8.8 Å. The other is at 23 m to achieve enough highwavelength resolution for the Bragg edge imaging
and the highest spatial resolution by the largest L/Dvalue of 7500. The beam size of 300 mm × 300 mm
is brought about by installing beam collimators inside the beam shutter.

The two-dimensional detectors are the most important components of the instrument. The detectors need to obtain time dependent images for thetime-of-flight analysis. Therefore we have been developing counting type neutron detectors with hightime resolution (∆ t = 10 nsec) and camera type detectors with high spatial resolution (∆ > 10 µm).
The installation of the instruments started in thesummer of 2013. The first beam derivation and thestart of the commissioning are planned to begin in2014.

3. Beam line components
In the upstream optics section, neutron opticaldevices such as filters, T0 and disk choppers, a light
shutter, rotary collimators, and B4C slits, are installed
to provide suitable neutron beam to a sample. Inside
the experimental room, a large sample stage withthe load capacity of 1,000 kg is placed at the 2nd
sample position to conduct observation of large
samples or to handle large sample environments.

References[1]	H. Sato et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 251 (2010)
012070.
[2]	K. Kaneko et al., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 60(1999) 1499.
[3]	T. Shinohara et al., Nucl. Instr. And Meth. A 651(2011) 121.

T. Shinohara1, T. Kai2, K. Oikawa2, M. Ooi2, M. Harada2, K. Sakai2, T. Nakatani1, M. Segawa1,3, H. Iikura1,4, T. Kamiyama5,
H. Sato5, H. Yokota6, T. Sera7, Y. Saito8, K. Mochiki9, T. Sakai4, M. Kureta3, K. Aizawa1, M. Arai10, and Y. Kiyanagi5
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division,
J-PARC Center; 3Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA; 4Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 5Faculty of Engineering,
Hokkaido University; 6Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN; 7Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University; 8Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto
University; 9Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo City University; 10Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

What's new at the MLF in 2012?

179

Polarized Inelastic Neutron Spectrometer POLANO

1. Introduction
In the Materials and Life Science Experimental
Facility (MLF), three chopper type spectrometers
are now part of the research program. One of theremaining technical issues that should be realized
in MLF is the use of a polarization neutron techniquewith a pulsed neutron beam. The polarized neutron
experiments are quite significant for the materialscience, particularly for the research on magnetism, hydrogen materials, and strongly correlated
electron systems entangled with multiple physicaldegrees of freedom. Therefore, new spectrometersthat enable us to conduct polarization analysis arevery much expected as forthcoming instruments.
A joint project between the Institute of Materials
Structure Science (IMSS), KEK, and the Institute ofMaterials Research (IMR) of Tohoku University was
initiated with the aim of future construction of thespectrometer and research program for functional
magnetic materials in 2009. Now, the POLANO(Polarization Analysis Neutron Spectrometer with
Correlation Method) project has begun [1].
2. Conceptual Design of Spectrometer
Our principal concept is to achieve higher-energy polarization analysis of inelastic scattering
beyond a reactor-based neutron source. The suiteof inelastic spectrometers involving an inverted geometry spectrometer and a spin-echo instrument in
MLF can cover a relatively wide area in momentum(Q) and energy (E) space with various Q and E resolutions. Slow dynamics in soft matter to electronband excitation are targeted in the dynamical rangeof 10-9 eV ≦ E ≦2 × 100 eV. For detailed dynamical
studies in advanced material science, polarization
analysis is an inevitable technique in addition to thewide Q-E coverage. Hence, we propose a choppertype polarized neutron spectrometer which enables
us to carry out inelastic experiments with reasonable intensity for research of the dynamical properties in materials.

180

What's new at the MLF in 2012?

Table 1. Basic instrumental parameters in POLANO.

Parameters
Moderator
L1 - L2 - L3
Energy resolution
Momentum resolution
Sample size
Detector angle (hor.)
Detector angle (ver.)H2 decoupled
17.5 - 2.0 - 1.85 m
3~5% at elastic position
1~2%
20 × 20 mm
3 − 120º±7º

The basic instrumental parameters of the POLANO
spectrometer are summarized in Table 1. Since thedesigning concepts of POLANO are compact withreasonably wide sample space design, higher neutron flux, higher neutron energy polarization up to 100− 150 meV, and medium resolution, the geometricalcondition, L2 = 2.5 m and L3 = 1.85 m were chosen.
3. Beam Transport
A 3D representation of POLANO is shown in
Fig. 1. The 23rd beam line, where POLANO will
be installed, is viewing decoupled moderator witha known pulse width of Dtm = a/√Ei with a = 2.5.
After the moderator neutrons are transported by
m = 4 supermirror guide tubes optimized for 110 −120 meV neutron intensity. An elliptical guide optimized section by section (section length = 50 cm)
can yield a neutron flux of 3.9 × 105 [n/sec/meV/cm2/
MW], which is almost comparable with a coupledmoderator beam line at E = 100 meV.
4. Mechanical Choppers
Below the exit of a biological shield, several
types of choppers are placed. T0 chopper is the first
chopper to eliminate fast and epithermal neutrons
with a massive metal blade rotating with a maximum
speed of 100 Hz [2]. The blade is made of Inconnel
X750, which is known for having high strength without using radiological elements with long lives suchas cobalt. Though the weight of the blade is over
120 kg, at 100 Hz of rotating speed, less than ±5 ms

Figure 1. Schematic view of the POLANO spectrometer.

of jitter (phase control accuracy) was achieved. Inorder to avoid the frame overlap of a 25 Hz proton(neutron) pulse in MLF, a slow rotating disk chopper
will be installed in the beam line. Two disk choppers synchronized with neutron pulse are placed at
L = 7.5 and 13.9 m. A Fermi chopper will be used
for monochromizing the incoming neutron energy.
It is the same type of Fermi chopper developed forHigh Resolution Chopper spectrometer in MLF [3],which has a 600 Hz maximum speed with 0.3 ms
jitter enabling high resolution and transmission experiments. For more effective measurements, we
adopt the cross correlation method that utilizes multiple wavelengths of neutrons for one inelastic measurement. Hence, we have intensity gains of a factor of ten or higher in principle. A special type of disk
chopper (correlation chopper) is required to realize
this correlation method. The disk diameter is ideallyover 1000 mm with a rotational speed of 350 Hz.
Additionally, 255 (2N-1) open and close sequences
are required to be on the disk [4]. These conditions
are quite difficult to realize mechanically because
the maximum stress evaluated is almost 4000 MPa.
5. Schedule
We have almost completed the design of thespectrometer and have already started the manufacturing of several components, such as the T0
chopper, detectors, guide tubes and so forth. The
construction of a large beam line shielding will startin September of this year. Also, we have started con-tracts for building the vacuum chamber, correlation
chopper, part of the supermirror analyzer, and otherutilities. Most parts of the instrument will be completed by March 2015. On the other hand, some crucial
polarization devices still require R&D, and will takeconsiderable time to be completed. Polarization devices in POLANO are described in a Ref. [5].
References[1]	T. Yokoo, K. Ohoyama, S. Itoh, J. Suzuki, K.
Iwasa, T.J. Sato, H. Kira, Y. Sakaguchi, T. Ino,
T. Oku, K. Tomiyasu, M. Matsuura, H. Hiraka,
M. Fujita, H. Kimura, T. Sato, J. Suzuki, M.
Takeda, K. Kaneko, M. Hino and S. Muto, J.
Phys. Soc. Jpn. in press.
[2]	S. Itoh, K. Ueno, R. Ohkubo, H. Sagehashi, Y.
Funahashi and T. Yokoo, Nuclear Instruments
and Methods in Physics Research A 654 (2011)527.
[3]	S. Itoh, K. Ueno and T. Yokoo, Nuclear Instruments
and Methods in Physics Research A 661 (2012)58.
[4]	S. Rosenkranz and R. Osborn, Pramana
Journal of Physics 71 (2008) 705.
[5]	K. Ohoyama, T. Yokoo, S. Itoh, J. Suzuki, K.
Iwasa, T.J. Sato, H. Kira, Y. Sakaguchi, T. Ino,
T. Oku, K. Tomiyasu, M. Matsuura, H. Hiraka,
M. Fujita, H. Kimura, T. Sato, J. Suzuki, H.M.
Shimizu, T. Arima, M. Takeda, K. Kaneko, M.
Hino, S. Muto, H. Nojiri, C.H. Lee, J.G. Park, S.
Choi, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. in press.

T. Yokoo1,2, K. Ohoyama3, S. Itoh1,2, J. Suzuki4, M. Nanbu5, N. Kaneko1,2, K. Iwasa6, T.J. Sato7, H. Kimura7, and M. Ohkawara3
1
Neutron Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Institute forMaterials Research, Tohoku University; 4Mechanical Engineering Center, KEK; 5Center of Neutron Science for Advanced Materials, IMR, Tohoku
University; 6Department of Physics, Tohoku University; 7Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University

What's new at the MLF in 2012?

181

Beam Commissioning of the U-line and Updateof the World Record of the Strongest Pulsed Muon Source

In the Japan Proton Accelerator ResearchComplex (J-PARC), the installation of a new muon
beamline, called Superomega muon beamline, wascompleted on the U-line in the Materials and Life
Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in October
2012. The Superomega muon beamline is thesecond muon beamline among the four planned
beamlines in the MLF/J-PARC. The basic properties and the installation of the Superomega muon
beamline were already reported elsewhere [1, 2, 3].
Here, we report on the results of the first extraction
experiment and the beam commissioning for theSuperomega muon beamline.
In order to optimize the currents of the beamline magnet of the Superomega muon beamline,
we started to perform the surface muon extraction
experiment and beam commissioning for the U-line
right after the installation of the Superomega muon
beamline. The experimental setup of the muon

beam commissioning is shown in Fig. 1. The transported muon beam profile was observed by themuon beam profile monitor using plastic scintillation
fiber array or by the circular plate of the plastic scintillator taken by an image intensifier tube (IIT) camera placed on the focal point of the Superomega
muon beamline. The diameter of the scintillation fiber of the muon beam profile monitor is 2 mm, and15 fibers are aligned with 10-mm step for the bothvertical and horizontal directions. The scintillation
light excited by the muon beam from the fiber arraycounter is converted to electrical pulse signals by
multi anode photo multiplier tubes individually, andthen their integral intensity within the common gate
signal adjusted the first pulse of the muon beam(muon beam in J-PARC has a double-bunchedbeam structure) are recorded by the 16channel
charge to a digital converter (QDC). The number
rate of the positive muon was detected by µ-e decay

Muon target

Muon
beam

Proton beam
Superomega
muon beamlineµ−e decay
positrons
Kaptonwindowµ−e decay
positrons
counter

Al target

Profile monitor• Plastic scintillation
fiber array• Image intensifier
tube

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for the beam commissioning of the U-line.

182

What's new at the MLF in 2012?

positrons emitted from the aluminum target placed
behind the muon beam profile monitor. The µ-e decay positron counter is a conventional hodoscope,
which includes a set of two plastic scintillation counters. They are placed away from the target by 2.5
m and 3.5 m in distance in the direction normal tothe beam axis. A coincidence of the two signals of
the µ-e decay positron counters are taken and thensend to time to digital converter (TDC) for making
time spectrum of µ-e decay positrons.
Figure 2 shows a photo of the muon beam profileat the focal point of the Superomega muon beamline. The muon beam was incident on the plastic
scintillation plate in the target vacuum chamber.
The light from the plate was taken by the IIT camera through the window of the chamber. The larger
circle in this photo represents the edge of the scintillation plate(the diameter is 130 mm). An ellipsoidal
part seen in the center of photo, whose major axis
is in vertical direction, indicates the muon beam pro-

Figure 2. A picture of axial focusing solenoid.

12000

file. Although the origin of the distortion of this beamprofile is still unknown, it was seen that this distortion of the profile appears in the optimized conditionof the muon beam, i.e. the highest peak and integral
intensities, and the narrowest beam size.
A time spectrum of the µ-e decay positron counter is shown in Fig. 3 (a). The spectrum clearlyshows a µ+ decay curve. According to the fitting result of the decay curve, the life time is estimated to be
2.2 µs. This is in good agreement with the reference
number of the average life time of the positive muons. The double bunch structure of the muon beamis also clearly seen in this spectrum. The positron
prompt that is composed of scattered positrons by
the target is sufficiently suppressed by the positron
separator, although the intensity of the positrons in
the muon beam was simulated 100 times larger thanthat of the muons [4]. A number rate of the muon
beam was 6.4 × 107 positive muons/s, when the primary proton beam power was 212 kW. This corresponds to 3 × 108 positive muons/s at 1 MW proton
beam power. Figure 3(b) shows the beam profiles ofvertical and horizontal directions at the focal positionof the Superomega muon beamline detected by aplastic scintillation fiber array counter, after optimization of the beam intensity and the width at the focal
position by scanning the currents of the beamline
magnets of the Superomega muon beamline. The
results of the Gaussian fit for the vertical and horizontal profile show that the widths (1σ) of the muon
beam are 34 mm for the vertical direction and 30 mm
for horizontal direction. As seen in the beam profile
photo taken by the IIT camera, this results showthat the muon beam profile represents the ellipsoi-

3.5

(a)

3

8000

Intensity

Counts

10000

6000

2
1.5
1

2000

0.5
0

2

4

6

8

Time [s]

10

12

14

×10−6

(b)

2.5

4000

0

x
y

0
-100

-50

0

50

100

x, y [mm]Figure 3.	(a) µ-e decay time spectrum from aluminum target, (b) muon beam prole at target position detected by ber array counters.

What's new at the MLF in 2012?

183

dal shape with the major axis of vertical direction.
Since our final goal for this beamline is the surface
muon source for the ultra-slow muon beam, and theultra-slow muon production target is the tungsten foilof 70 mm in width, 45 mm in height [5], this results
indicate that more than fifty percent of the muonstransported by the Superomega muon beamline isincident on to the target. We now started to construct
the ultra-slow muon beamline and after that, we areplanning to perform the extraction experiment of theultra-slow muon beam as soon as possible.

References[1]	K. Nakahara et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods
Phys. Res., Sect. A 600 (2009) 132.
[2]	K. Shimomura et al., MLF Annual Report 2012143.
[3]	Y. Ikedo et al., MLF Annual Report 2012 145.
[4] T. Adachi et al., in preparation.
[5]	T. Nagatomo et al., MLF Annual Report 2012
162.

Y. Ikedo1,2, Y. Miyake1,2, K. Shimomura1,2, P. Strasser1,2, N. Kawamura1,2, K. Nishiyama1,2, S. Makimura1,2, H. Fujimori1,2,
A. Koda1,2, J. Nakamura1,2, T. Nagatomo1,2, Y. Kobayashi1,2, T. Adachi3, A. D. Pant4, T. Ogitsu5, T. Nakamoto5, K. Sasaki5,
H. Ohata5, R. Okada5, A. Yamamoto5, Y. Makida6, M. Yoshida6, T. Okamura6, R. Okubo6, W. Higemoto1,7, T. U. Ito1,7,
K. Nakahara8, and K. Ishida9
1Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Graduate Schoolof Science, The University of Tokyo; 4Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi; 5Cryogenics
Science Center, KEK; 6Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK; 7Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA; 8Department of Physics,
University of Maryland; 9Advanced Meson Science Laboratory, Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN

184

What's new at the MLF in 2012?

Strategic Use

In keeping with our mandate to promote facility
utilization, grow the user community and actively
support national research priorities, CROSS-Tokai
launched in JFY 2012 the Trial Use access systemand the Elements Strategy Initiative on the Public
Beamlines at the MLF within the science program
area of Strategic Use.
	Trial Use Access System
A key component of the CROSS-Tokai mission
is to promote the use of, and facilitate access to,
the neutron Public Beamlines at J-PARC MLF. With
this motivation, CROSS-Tokai began this year the
Trial Use Access System that aims to encourage
and support first-time and novice users of neutronbased experimental techniques.
The specific objectives of the Trial Use System are:	
To grow the user community and,	To promote the use and utility of pulsed neutrons through the development and demonstration of innovative new applications
Accordingly, up to a maximum of five percent(5%) of the total beamtime on each of the Public
Beamlines at the MLF will be set aside for Trial Use
experiments in each round.
The Trial Use system is targeted at:	First time and novice users of neutron-based
experimental techniques and,	First time users of pulsed neutron beams whowish to establish experimental feasibility and thecapability of the instruments at J-PARC MLF.
Employing the specialist expertise and experience of the CROSS-Tokai Science Coordinatorsand other appropriate staff, the Trial Use system offers support to prospective users through the wholeprocess of facility utilization including:	Instrument selection and feasibility assessment
	
Proposal preparation
	
Experiment design, planning and execution	
Data analysis and interpretation
	
Publication of results
The Trial Use Access System applies only to thesix Public Beamlines of J-PARC MLF that are supported by CROSS-Tokai. Anyone wishing to learn
more about the Trial Use access system should
contact CROSS-Tokai via the CROSShelp hotline at
http://www.cross-tokai.jp/en/contact/crosshelp.shtml.
	
Elements Strategy Initiative
The Elements Strategy Initiative (ESI) is an integrated strategic research program of the Japanese
government that is designed to bring together industry, government, and academia in a coordinated
way that streamlines the process of translating fundamental discoveries into real-life applications so
as to maintain and promote the international competitiveness of the Japanese economy and industry.
The ESI has established four core research centers (CRCs) to lead the development of innovative
materials and alternative technologies that have reduced or no reliance on rare earth or precious metals in the target research areas of:	Magnetic Materials	
Catalytic and Battery Materials	Electronic Materials
	Structural Materials
As part of this integrated approach, the Public
Neutron Beam Facility at J-PARC has been identified as one of the key pieces of national research
infrastructure that should work in collaboration
with the CRCs towards the goals of the program.
Accordingly, a proportion (15%) of the total beamtime on the Public Beamlines at the MLF has been
ear-marked by the Selection Committee of CROSSTokai to support these research activities.
In addition, members of the CROSS-Tokai and
MLF staff have been appointed to work as expert
advisors to the CRCs to assist with the process ofidentifying areas in which neutron scattering can contribute to the research effort and to assist with the
preparation of proposals and experimental planning.
We look forward to reporting many exciting research outcomes from our collaboration with the
ESI in coming years.

What's new at the MLF in 2012?

185

JASRI – CROSS-Tokai Complementary Use Proposal Program

As part of their respective roles as Registered
Institution responsible for the promotion of Public
Beamline utilization at J-PARC MLF and SPring-8,
CROSS-Tokai and JASRI commenced in the 2013A
proposal round a trial of a Complementary Use
Proposal Program.
By encouraging and supporting the simultaneous and complementary use of pulsed neutrons(J-PARC MLF) and synchrotron radiation (SPring-8),
the program aims to enhance the quality, scopeand impact of research outcomes from the Public
Beamlines at both facilities.
In the first trial phase of the program, applicants
wishing to have their proposals considered within
the Complimentary Use framework are asked tosubmit separate proposals through the General Use
access systems of both J-PARC MLF and SPring-8.
These applications are considered separately within the normal proposal assessment mechanisms
and, if approved by both facilities, are recognized
as “Complementary Use” proposals.

186

What's new at the MLF in 2012?

(Courtesy of RIKEN, JASRI)
SPring-8

It is hoped that the Complementary Use program
will develop in coming years to the point where asingle research proposal will qualify the applicant
to receive beamtime allocations from multiple facilities. Similarly, it is expected that the scope of theComplementary Use program will soon expand beyond the Public Beamlines at SPring-8 and J-PARC
MLF to include other instruments at these facilities
and even other organizations.

MLF Operations in 2012CROSS-Tokai - 2012 Update
About CROSS-Tokai
In July 2009, the Japanese government established at J-PARC the Public Neutron Beam Facility
consisting of the accelerators used to generate theneutron beams and a proportion of the beamlinesthat exploit them for research purposes.
In order that open access to major publiclyfunded research facilities be guaranteed, the policy
framework within which the Public Neutron Beam
Facility was created required that an independent
third-party organization be responsible for the administration and support of the science program on
the so-called Public Beamlines.
CROSS-Tokai was appointed to this role by the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology in March 2011 and soon after began operations out of its newly-established offices within
the J-PARC precinct.

functional relationship between CROSS-Tokai and
J-PARC.
The Public Beamlines at J-PARC・MLF
The MLF has capacity to accommodate up to 23
neutron beamlines around the present target station. There are currently 17 neutron and 2 muon
beam instruments in operation, 1 neutron instrument in commissioning and 3 new beamlines under construction. Of these, 5 beamlines have been
designated as Public Beamlines as part of the
Public Neutron Beam Facility and are supported by
CROSS-Tokai.
Though not exhaustive in their experimental capability, the Public Beamlines cover a wide rangeof neutron scattering techniques and research applications. The Public Beamlines at J-PARC・MLF
are:	BL01 4SEASONS - 4D-Space Access Neutron
Spectrometer	BL02 DNA - Biomolecular Dynamics Spectrometer	BL15 TAIKAN - Small and Wide Angle Neutron
Scattering Instrument
	BL17 SHARAKU - Polarized Neutron Reflectometer	BL18 SENJU : Extreme Environment Single
Crystal Neutron Diffractometer

CROSS-Tokai and J-PARC
Although CROSS-Tokai is structurally independent of JAEA and KEK – the co-owners and operators of J-PARC – it maintains a high level of cooperation and collaboration with the two founding organizations that is driven by the common scientificobjectives of all the stakeholders. Figure 2 showsa schematic Fig
representationof the operational and
1

3GeV Synchrotron

Materials & Life Science
Exptl Facility

Hadron Exptl Facility

Neuclear Transmutation
Exptl Facility (Planned)( Muon-Neutron )Linac

50GeV Synchrotron
Neutrino Exptl Facility

Areas of J-PARC covered by the Promotion of Public Use legislation
Figure 1. The Public Neutron Beam Facility at J-PARC (shown in red).

188

MLF Operations in 2012

Government (MEXT)
Designated Advanced Large-Scale Research Facilities
SPring-8 SACLA (Harima)
K-Computer (Kobe)
JSNS J-PARC (Tokai)“Registered Institution for
Facilities Use Promotion”

Builder/Owner

JAEA J-PARC
䕻 Construction, Operation, Maintenance& Upgrade of Accelerators, Neutron
Target & Public Beamlines
䕻 Stable Supply of Neutron Beams

Cooperation

䕻 Review of Proposals on Public Beamlines䕻 Selection of Contract Beamlines
䕻 User Support on Public Beamlines
䕻 Provision of Information and Specialist
Technical Advice
䕻 Outreach Activities

Specific
Submission of
Neutron Beam Facility Proposals
at J-PARC

Demand from users

Selection
Committee

Open and Transparent
Review & Selectionof Proposals

International and Local Users
Universities, National Labs. Industry(Fundamental Research – Industrial Application䠅

Figure 2. The relationship between and respective functions of JAEA and CROSS-Tokai.

(a) General Use(d) Director’s Discretion (up to 5%)(b) Elements Strategy Initiative (up to 15%)(e) CROSS-Tokai Research (up to 15%)

(C) Trial Use (up to 5%)(f)

Facility Use (up to 25%)

Figure 3. Beamtime Distribution on the Public Beamlines.

Distribution of Beamtime on the Public Beamlines
The Selection Committee of CROSS-Tokai regularly reviews and sets policies for the distributionof beamtime on the Public Beamlines at the MLF.
Governed by the legislative framework within which
the Public Neutron Beam Facility was establishedand in response to the operational requirements ofthe beamlines, beamtime is currently distributed inapproximately the following ratios:

The Role of CROSS-Tokai
Under the terms of the legislation that supports
the Public Neutron Beam Facility, CROSS-Tokai is
entrusted with specific responsibilities. In practicalterms, the core functions of CROSS-Tokai can besummarized as follows:	Proposal Selection and Beamtime Allocation on
the Public Beamlines	
User Support on the Public Beamlines	
Establishment of an Information Resource for
Facility Users

MLF Operations in 2012

189

	
Outreach and Facility Utilization Promotion	Contract Beamline Assessment and Selection
CROSS-Tokai in 2012
Overview
Two years have now passed since CROSSTokai commenced operations in support of the
Public Beamlines at J-PARC. Though the start of direct user support activities was delayed by about 10
months due to the Great East Japan Earthquake ofMarch 2011, CROSS-Tokai continued to expand thescope and scale of its activities during the recovery
period and is now fully engaged in its core businessof managing the proposal selection process for the
Public Beamlines, delivering high-quality user support and promoting facility utilization.
CROSS-Tokai 2012 Highlights
	
PLANET becomes the 6th Public Beamline
During JFY2012, the suite of Public Beamlines
consisted of five fully-operational instruments: BL01
4SEASONS, BL02 DNA, BL15 TAIKAN, BL17
SHARAKU and BL18 SENJU. From JFY2013, thesixth Public Beamline at J-PARC・MLF – BL11
PLANET – will become available to users.
With the addition of PLANET to the fold, therange of science enabled on the Public Beamlines
will be extended to include the study of liquids andsolids under extreme temperature and pressure
conditions with particular application in the Earthand Materials Sciences.
For more information about PLANET and its capabilities, please see the detailed beamline updatein this report.

Figure 4. BL11 PLANET.

190

MLF Operations in 2012	Strategic Use
In keeping with our mandate to promote facility
utilization and actively support national research
priorities, CROSS-Tokai initiated two new user programs on the Public Beamlines in JFY2012:	Trial Use – a program that promotes the useof neutrons by first-time or novice users fromboth the industrial and academic sectors;and,	
Elements Strategy Initiative – a Japanese
Government program that aims to promote
the development of alternative materials andtechnologies in the target areas of permanent
magnets, catalysis and batteries, and electronic and structural materials.
Please see the “What’s new at the MLF in 2012”section in this report for more details about Trial Use
and the Elements Strategy Initiative.
	JASRI – CROSS-Tokai Complementary Use
In the area of facility utilization promotion, we
have in the last year joined with JASRI – our sisterorganization at SPring-8 – to develop a system ofComplementary Use proposals. This system aims
to encourage and facilitate complementary and collaborative use of multiple large-scale facilities – initially neutron and synchrotron radiation sources – ina single research project. We hoped that, ultimately,
the system will develop to a stage where users canmake a single research proposal to multiple facilities.
Other Key CROSS-Tokai activities and milestones
in JFY2012
	Proposal Selection	
2012B Call for Proposals – May-Jun 2012
	
2013A Call for Proposals – Oct-Nov 2012	Supported the work of committees associated with proposal selection:		 	
Selection Committee –20 Aug 2012 at TKP
Ochanomizu Conference Center, Tokyo,
			13 Feb 2013 at TKP Tamachi ConferenceCenter, Tokyo		 	
Proposal Evaluation Committee & Expert
Panels			2 Aug 2012 at KEK-Tokai, Ibaraki (Expert
Panels)			
3 Aug 2012 at KEK-Tokai, Ibaraki			
31 Jan 2013 at KEK-Tokai, Ibaraki (Expert
Panels)			
1 Feb 2013 at KEK-Tokai, Ibaraki
		 	
CROSS Development Proposal EvaluationPanel			 26 – 27 Dec 2012 at KEK-Tokai, Ibaraki	User Support
CROSS-Tokai is now supporting user operations
and ongoing instrument development activities on
the five Public Beamlines with a Neutron R&D teamof 28 scientists, programmers, engineers and technicians.

Figure 5. Selection Committee 20 Aug 2012.

User Experiment Preparation
Laboratory I

Complementing these human resources, CROSSTokai continues to develop and maintain user facilities in the Ibaraki Quantum Beam Research Center
including:	User Experiment Preparation Laboratory I –Hard Matter	
User Experiment Preparation Laboratory II –Soft Matter & Biomaterials	User Data Analysis Room	
User Lounge and “Refresh Rooms”
Contract Beamline Review
Also starting this year, CROSS-Tokai is undertaking the task of reviewing the operation andperformance of contract beamlines at the MLF.
Specifically, during JFY2012, we established andset terms of reference for the Contract Beamline
Evaluation Committee that will carry out the interim
review of two Ibaraki Prefecture beamlines (BL03iBIX and BL20 iMATERIA) during JFY2013.
	Outreach and Facility Promotion
Workshops	
3rd CROSSroads Workshop : Structure andFunction of Chiral Magnetic Materials 17-18
Dec 2012, Ibaraki Quantum Beam Center, Tokai

User Experiment Preparation
Laboratory II

User Lounge

User Data Analysis Room

Refresh Rooms

Figure 6. User facilities in the Ibaraki Quantum Beam Research Center.

MLF Operations in 2012

191

	
4th CROSSroads Workshop : Progress inThin Film and Interface Science at J-PARC
10 Jan 2013, Kenkyusha, Tokyo	
5th CROSSroads Workshop : Structure andProperties of Materials using the Single
Crystal Diffractometers at J-PARC 25-26
Feb 2013, Ibaraki Quantum Beam Center,Tokai	
6th CROSSroads Workshop : Leading Edge
Research using Dynamics Spectrometers
14-15 Mar 2013, Tokyo Office of Kyoto
University, Tokyo
Public Lectures	
Applications of Synchrotron Radiation
and Neutrons in Cultural Heritage 28 Sept
2012, Kenkyusha, Tokyo
Seminars	
1st Seminar on Neutron Scattering at
RIKEN 24 Apr 2012, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama

192

MLF Operations in 2012	Industrial ApplicationsofNeutron
Scattering 27 Jul 2012, Mitsui Mining andSmelting Co., Saitama
	Industrial ApplicationsofNeutron
Scattering in Osaka 8 Aug 2012, Osaka
Science & Technology Center, Osaka	
Industrial ApplicationsofNeutron
Scattering 9 Aug 2012, Sumitomo ChemicalCo., Osaka	
Industrial ApplicationsofNeutron
Scattering 19 Oct 2012, TOYOTA Central
R&D Labs, Aichi	
Industrial ApplicationsofNeutron
Scattering 28 Nov 2012, TORAY ResearchCenter, Shiga	
Industrial Application Seminar (at JSNS
Annual Meeting 2012) 10 Dec 2012, Kyoto
University, Kyoto
	
1st Synchrotron Radiation ・ Neutron
Linkage Use Seminar 22 Mar 2013, LMJ
Tokyo, Tokyo

Status of Beam Operations at the MLF
In Japanese Fiscal Year (JFY) 2012, the beam
operation at the MLF started with a beam powerof 200 kW. Figure 1 shows the trend of the beam
power from the first beam to the end of May 2013.
Although the accelerator already demonstrated its
capability for beam operation with power of 300 kW,
the mercury target had a pitting damage issues on
the target vessel so the beam power for users had
to be limited to less than 200 kW. After installationof the helium bubbler system in the mercury target,
the power of the beam operation increased to ashigh as 300 kW. For the accelerator study, a highpower beam of up to 500 kW operated shortly forless than one minute.
The time schedule in JFY2012 is shown in Fig.
2. Because of the strong demand from the neutrino
facility in J-PARC, a long beam time was plannedin JFY 2012 for all facilities. Since the ion source of
the accelerator was found to have a long life time,
the period for each beam run became longer thanthe previous. According to the plan, the beam wasstopped for a short time only for the MLF in the endof April and the beginning of January because of themaintenance of the cryogenic system at the neutron
source. In Table 1, the scheduled time and availability are shown. We succeeded in supplying beamfor users with long duration and considerably highavailability, such as 95%.

Table 1. Run cycle, scheduled time and availability.

Run#

Scheduled Time (h).

Availability

42

967

96.4

43

775

96.7

44

516

94.1

45

801

92.4

46

886

93.8

47

636

94.5

Overall

4581

94.7

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Figure 1. Beam power trend at MLF and cumulative beam power from the first beam to the summer 2013.

MLF Operations in 2012193㻭㼜㼞㼕㼘
LINAC
RCS
MLF
MLF Actual
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LINAC
RCS
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LINAC
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2012A

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Run#46㻜㻚㻡㻜㻚㻡㻹㻾㻌㼡㼟㼑㼞㻌㼞㼡㼚㻜㻚㻡㼐㻌㼛㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚

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Figure 2. Scheduled plan and actual results for the beam operation in JFY2012 at J-PARC.

MLF Operations in 2012㻝㻝㻹㼍㼕㼚㼠㼑㼚㼍㼚㼏㼑194

㻝

Users at the MLF
The number of users at MLF in fiscal year 2012
hit a record high. After recovering from the damages
caused by the March 11th earthquake in 2011, theMLF was fully operational in fiscal year 2012, andthe number of MLF users in each category had significantly increased from those in the previous fiscal year. The number is not expected to increase in
fiscal year 2013 since a long period of accelerator
shut down is planned for the upgrade of the linear

accelerator to increase the beam energy from 180
MeV to 400 MeV. After the upgrade, more users
than ever will come to MLF. The transition of thenumber of users at MLF is summarized in Table andFigure for domestic and foreign users of the neutron
and muon experimental facilities.

Table. The number of domestic and foreign users in the period of fiscal year

FY2008FY2009FY2010FY2011FY2012

Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign
Users
Users
Users
Users
Users
Users
Users
Users
Users
Users
Neutron
Muon

182
161

378
21

353

12
12

529
25

485

57
0

55

222
44

198

55
2

48

735
24

650

30
7

28

Muon (foreign users)

Neutron (foreign users)

Muon (domestic users)

Neutron (domestic users)

85
72

2

62

10

900
750
600
450
300
300
150
FY 200
2008
08

200
09
FY 2
2009

010
FY 2
2010

0
1
FY 2011

FY 2
2012

Figure. Number of domestic and foreign users in the fiscal year period.

MLF Operations in 2012

195

196

MLF Operations in 2012

Muon Program
Advisory Comm.

Muon Science
Proposal Rev. Comm.

Contract Beamlines
Only

Unified
Access Point

Task Forces(CROSS)

Registered
Ins tu on

Proposal
Evalua on Comm.

Public Beamlines Only

ALL Proposals submi ed via the J-PARC Users Office

Neutron Science Proposals

Public Beamlines Only
JAEA Research
CROSS Development
Proposal Advisory Proposal Evalua on
Commi ee
Panel
Joint Meeng

Joint Meeng

Neutron Science
Proposal Rev. Comm.

All except Public
Beamlines

All except Public Beamlines
Neutron Program
Advisory
Commi ee

Neutron Instrument
Proposals

Joint Meeng

Neutron Instrument Contract Beamline
Proposal Rev. Comm. Evalua on Comm.

All except Contract
Beamlines

Selec onCommi eeDirector
CROSS-TokaiMLF Advisory
Board

Collabora on
Commi eePresident
CROSS

Public Beamlines Only

Director
J-PARC

President
JAEA

All except Public Beamlines

Muon Science Proposals

Muon
Instrument
Proposals

Muon Instrument
Proposal Rev. Comm.

(JAEA/KEK)

J-PARC
CenterDirector General
KEK

The JAEA-KEK-CROSS Agreement of Coopera on on the Promo on of Public U liza onof the Specific Neutron Beam Facili es at J-PARC (Enacted on 1 April 2011)

Proposal Review System

MLF Proposals Summary – FY2012
Table 1. Breakdown of Proposal Numbers for the 2012A & 2012B Rounds.
Beamline

Instrument

2012A
Submitted
Approved
GU PU/S IU GU PU/S IU

2012B
Submitted
Approved
GU
PU/S IU
GU
PU/S IU

915

BL01 4D-Space Access Neutron Spectrometer - 4SEASONS
BL02 Biomolecular Dynamics Spectrometer - DNA

3
‡

2
3

2
2

9
2

2
3

2

2

#

8(2 )

2

2

8
#

3

2

7(1 )

2

2

3

2

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

11

0

1

11

0

2

11

0

2

11

0

Accurate Neutron-Nucleus Reaction
Measurement Instrument - ANNRI

2

1

1

2

1

1

7

1

1

7

1

1

BL05 Neutron Optics and Physics - NOP

2

1

0

2

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

BL08 Super High Resolution Powder Diffractometer -S-HRPD

9

1

0

6

1

0

16

1

0

10

1

0

Neutron Beamline for Observation and
BL10
Research Use - NOBORU

8

4

1

8

4

1

14

4

1

11

4

1

BL03

Ibaraki Biological Crystal
Diffractometer - iBIX

BL04(100-β)(β)†

BL11 High-Pressure Neutron Diffractometer - PLANET

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

BL12 High Resolution Chopper Spectrometer- HRC

5

1

0

1

1

0

4

1

0

4

1

0

BL14 Cold-neutron Disk-chopper Spectrometer - AMATERAS

16

2

1

11

2

1

16

2

1

11

2

1

35(5#, 2+)

6

1

19(5#, 2+)

6

1

17

1

0

17

1

0

2

#

9(3 )

3

2

3

#

5(1 )

2

3

Small and Wide Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument
BL15
16- TAIKAN
High-Performance Neutron Reflectometer with a
BL16
7
Horizontal Sample Geometry - SOFIA
BL17 Polarized Neutron Reflectometer - SHARAKU

8

Extreme Environment Single Crystal Neutron
BL18
Diffractometer - SENJU

1
1

3

4

BL19 Engineering Diffractometer - TAKUMI

6

16
0

2

2

7
5

3

6

1
1

3

4

2

0

#

2

18(3 )

3#

3

11(1 )

2

18

4

1

15

4

1

26

4

1

21

4

1

(100-β)‡

15

0

0

11

0

0

15

0

0

9

0

0

(β)†

28

12

0

27

12

0

23

12

0

23

12

0

BL21 High Intensity Total Diffractometer - NOVA

6

1

0

6

1

0

21

1

0

15

1

0

BL20

Ibaraki Materials Design
Diffractometer - iMATERIA

D1

Muon D1

7

1

1

5

1

1

16

1

1

13

1

1

D2

Muon D2

14

0

1

12

0

1

9

0

1

8

0

1

U

Muon U

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

179 5717 151 57

17

275

57

17

161

57

17

253

225

Subtotal
Total

235

349

GU : General Use		
PU : Project Use or Ibaraki Pref. Project Use
IU : Instrument Group Use
S : S-type Proposals† : Ibaraki Pref. Exclusive Use Beamtime (β = 80% in FY2012)‡ : J-PARC Center General Use Beamtime (( 100-β = 20% in FY2011 )# : Proposal Numbers under Trial Use Access System in GU+ : Proposal numbers under Element Strategy in GU

Proposals

400
300
200
100
0

16
34
67
2008

21

21

33

150

159

166

28

114
Not Approved

225

235

2009A 2009B 2010A 2010B 2011A 2011B 2012A

2012B

124

4
90

12
89

Approved

Proposal Round
Figure 1. MLF Proposal Numbers over Time.

MLF Operations in 2012197

Table 2. Principal Investigator Affiliations in FY2012.

Universities(Japan)

JAEA

Companies(Japan)KEK

Foreign
Organizations

Research Institutes(Japan)

212

141

101

34

46

68

ResearchInstute (Japan)
11%
Foreign
Organizaon
8%
KEK
Companies
6%(Japan)17%

Universies(Japan)

Universies(Japan)35%

JAEA
Companies (Japan)
KEK

JAEA
23%

Foreign Organizaons
Research Instutes (Japan)

Figure 2. Origin of Proposals in FY2011.

Figure 2 : Origin of Proposals in FY2012

Table 3. Proposals by Sub-committee/Expert Panel – FY2012.

Sub-committee
Expert Panel

P1

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6

P7

P8

P9

P10

Q1

Q2

No. of Proposals

96

29

44

14

77

15

56

25

11

2

14

32

Q1
P10 3%
0.5%
P9
2.5%
P8
6%

P7
14%

P6
4%

Q2
8%

P5
19%

P1
23%

P2
7%

P3
11%

P4
3%

P1 : Crystallography
P2 : Liquid and Amorphous Materials
P3 : Nanomaterials
P4 : Biomaterials
P5: Magnetism and Strongly-Correlated Systems
P6 : Fundamental Physics
P7 : Industrial Applications
P8 : Research and Development
P9 : Trtial Use
P10 : Element Strategy
Q1 : Magnetic and Strongly Correlated Electronic Materials
Q2 : Chemical Physics and General Science

Figure 3. Submitted Proposals by Sub-committee/Expert Panel – FY2012.

Figure 3 : Submitted Proposals by Sub-committee/Expert Panel – FY2012198

MLF Operations in 2012

MLF Division Staff 2012
Director		
Vice Director					

Masatoshi Arai (JAEA)
Hideki Seto (KEK)
Masatoshi Futakawa (JAEA)

Neutron Source Section
Leader
Sub-Leader
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		

JAEA
Hiroshi Takada
Yoshimi Kasugai
Katsuhiro Haga
Shinichiro Meigo
Kenji Sakai
Makoto Teshigawara
Tomokazu Aso
Hidetaka Kinoshita
Kenichi Oikawa
Masahide Harada
Hiroyuki Kogawa
Takashi Wakui
Tetsuya Kai
Masakazu Seki
Akihiko Watanabe
Akira Ogawa
Kiichi Ohtsu

		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		

Toshiaki Uehara
Kiyomi Ikezaki
Kohei Hanano
Hideki Tatsumoto
Motoki Ooi
Yoshihiko Kawakami
Hideki Ueno
Hisashi Sakurayama
Takashi Naoe
Atsushi Akutsu
Toru Suzuki
Masato Ida
Hideaki Ishii
Shoichi Hasegawa
Hiroki Matsui
Shizuka Yoshinari
Chieko Higuchi

Neutron Science Section
Leader
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		

KEK
Takashi Kamiyama
Hideki Seto
Toshiya Otomo
Tetsuya Yokoo
Norifumi Yamada
Shuki Torii
Tomohiro Seya
Masataka Sakaguchi
Zhang Junrong
Koichiro Sadakane
Kaoru Taketani
Hidetoshi Ohshita
Shinichi Ito
Takashi Ino
Setsuo Satoh
Suguru Muto

		
		
		

Naokatsu Kaneko
Masao Yonemura
Miki Nagao

Sub-Leader
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		

JAEA
Kazuya Aizawa
Kentaro Suzuya
Kenji Nakajima
Takayuki Oku
Mitsutaka Nakamura
Stefanus Harjo
Takeshi Nakatani
Shinichi Takata
Nobuaki Takahashi
Takenao Shinohara
Ryoji Kiyanagi

MLF Operations in 2012

199

		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		

Yukinobu Kawakita
Seiko Kawamura
Yasuhiro Inamura
Tatsuya Kikuchi
Takuro Kawasaki
Jun AbeTaiki Tominaga
Wu Gong
Yiwei Yang
Hiromichi Tanaka
Wataru Kambara
Yukihiro Ito
Takaaki Iwahashi
Tomonori Hosoya
Yasuhiro Yamauchi
Kentaro Moriyama
Masayasu Takeda
Toyotaka Osakabe
Kazuo Kurihara
Wataru Utsumi

		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		

Shuichi Wakimoto
Takanori Hattori
Itaru Tamura
Koji Kaneko
Satoru Fujiwara
Hiroshi Nakagawa
Asami Sano
Hideo Harada
Atsushi Kimura
Shoji Nakamura
Yosuke Toh
Mariko Segawa
Hiroshi Iikura
Hidehito Asaoka
Masato Kubota
Chiho Tobe
Naoko Shimizu
Junko Akutsu
Mayu Mizukoshi
Yukino Inoue

		
		
		
		
		
		

Hirotoshi Hayashida
Katsunori Honda
Hiroyuki Suzuki
Takuro Sakai
Hideshi Yamagishi
Mana Hirayama

		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		

Tetsuya Masuda
Jumpei Nakamura
Masanori Miyazaki
Ichihiro Yamauchi
Takashi Nagatomo
Yohei Nakatsugawa
Yoshitomo Takahashi
Masatoshi Hiraishi
Yoshiro Irie
Yoshinori Ishiji

		
		

JAEA
Wataru Higemoto
Takashi Ito

Neutron Instrumentation Section
Leader
		
		
		
		
		

JAEA
Kazuhiko Soyama
Kaoru Sakasai
Dai Yamazaki
Kentaro Toh
Tatsuya Nakamura
Ryuji Maruyama

Muon Section
Leader
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		

200

KEK
Yasuhiro Miyake
Ryosuke Kadono
Koichiro Shimomura
Kenji Kojima
Patrick Strasser
Naritoshi Kawamura
Akihiro Koda
Hiroshi Fujimori
Shunsuke Makimura
Yasuhisa Nemoto
Yasuo Kobayashi
Kusuo Nishiyama
Yutaka Ikedo

MLF Operations in 2012CROSS-Tokai Staff 2012
Director

Yasuhiko Fujii

Science Coordinators		

Masatoshi Sato		

Yoshiaki Fukushima

		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		

Koji Munakata
Koji Kiriyama
Takayoshi Ito
Yukihiko Kawamura
Hiroshi Kira
Motoyuki Ishikado
Kazuhiro Akutsu
Makoto Kobayashi
Akifumi Kishi
Tadashi Futagami
Kaoru Sato
Jun-ichi Sato
Satoshi Kasai
Sayaka Suzuki

		
		
		
		
		

Megumi Kawakami
Aya Yamada
Katsumi Kunigihara
Asami Inoue
Emi Takaha

		
		
		

Tomoyuki Yabana
Mika Gunji
Mutsumi Shiraishi

Neutron R&D Division
Head
Head (Deputy)
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		

Jun-ichi Suzuki
Ryoichi Kajimoto
Sungdae Ji
Kazuhiko Ikeuchi
Kaoru Shibata
Kazuya Kamazawa
Takeshi Yamada
Kazuki Ohishi
Hiroki Iwase
Tazuko Mizusawa
Yoshifumi Sakaguchi
Noboru Miyata
Takashi Ohhara
Akiko Nakao
Takayasu Hanashima

Health and Safety Division		Toshiyuki Yamashita

Utilization Promotion Division
Head
Head (Deputy)
		
		
		
		

Tohru Matoba
Garry John ForanToshiki Asai
Rei Ohuchi
Junko Ohta
Shin-ichi Yamaguchi

Admin and Finance Division
Head
Head (Deputy)		Yasuo Seishi
Masaru Yokoyama
Takahiro Koizumi

MLF Operations in 2012201

Committee and Meetings
Materials and Life Science Facility Advisory Board
物質・生命科学実験施設利用委員会
Kazuya Aizawa
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Masatoshi AraiJapan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Yasuhiko Fujii
Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Japan
Toshiharu Fukunaga
Kyoto University, Japan
Masatoshi Futakawa
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Makoto Hayashi
Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
Mitsuhiro Hirai
Gunma University, Japan
Kazuaki Iwasa
Tohoku University, Japan
Masahiko Iwasaki
RIKEN, Japan
Ryosuke KadonoHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Shinichi Kamei
Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc., Japan
Takashi Kamiyama
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Toshiji Kanaya (Chair)
Kyoto University, Japan
Takashi KatoJapan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Youji Koike
Tohoku University, Japan
Yasuhiro Miyake
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Junichirou Mizuki
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Toshiya Otomo
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Hideki Seto
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Mitsuhiro Shibayama
University of Tokyo, JapanJun Sugiyama
Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Japan
Eiko Torikai
University of Yamanashi, Japan
Term of board appointments: 1 April 2011 - 31 March 2013

Neutron Instrument Proposal Review Committee
中性子実験装置部会
Masatoshi Arai
Koichiro Asahi
Masatoshi Futakawa
Muneyuki Imafuku
Takashi Kamiyama
Hideaki Kitazawa
Yoshiaki Kiyanagi (Chair)
Yukio Morii
Yukio Morimoto
Kenji Nakajima
Toshiya Otomo
Kenji Ohoyama
Mamoru Sato
Hideki Seto202

MLF Operations in 2012

Japan Atomic Energy Agency, JapanTokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, JapanTokyo City University, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
National Institute for Material Science, Japan
Hokkaido University, Japan
Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Tohoku University, Japan
Yokohama City University, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan

Jun-ichi Suzuki
Naoya Torikai
Hideki Yoshizawa

Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Japan
Mie University, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan

Term of committee appointments: 1 April 2011 - 31 March 2013

Neutron Science Proposal Review Committee
中性子課題審査部会
Yoshiaki Akiniwa
Masatoshi Arai
Takahisa Arima
Sung-Min Choi
Hideto En’yo
Toshiharu Fukunaga
Yoshiaki Fukushima
Makoto Hayashi
Takashi Kamiyama
Toshiji Kanaya
Takashi Kato
Brendan Kennedy
Yoshiaki Kiyanagi
Yasuhiro Miyake
Yukio Morii
Yukio Noda
Yuji Ohashi
Toshiya Otomo
Je-Geun Park
Mamoru Sato
Hideki Seto
Mitsuhiro Shibayama (Chair)Jun-ichi Suzuki
Peter Timmins
Yo Tomota
Xun-Li Wang
Hideki Yoshizawa

Yokohama National University, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
RIKEN, Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Japan
Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
University of Sydney, Australia
Hokkaido University, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
Tohoku University, Japan
Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Seoul National University, Korea
Yokohama city University, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan
Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Japan
Institut Laue-Langevin, France
Ibaraki University, JapanOak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S.A
University of Tokyo, Japan

Term of committee appointments: 1 April 2011 - 31 March 2013

JAEA Research Proposal Advisory Committee
J-PARC物質・生命科学実験施設におけるJAEA研究課題諮問委員会
Masatoshi AraiJapan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Toshiharu Fukunaga
Kyoto University, Japan
Mitsuhiro Hirai
Gunma University, Japan
Masayuki Imai
Ochanomizu University, Japan
Toshiji Kanaya
Kyoto University, JapanMLF Operations in 2012203

Yuji Kawabata
Yukinobu Kawakita
Hideaki Kitazawa
Yoshiaki Kiyanagi
Takashi Kato
Michiyasu Mori
Yoichi Murakami
Kenji Nakajima
Hiroyuki Oigawa
Taku Sato
Hideki Seto
Shinichi Shamoto
Hirohiko Shimizu
Jun-ichi Suzuki
Keisuke Tanaka
Yo Tomota
Eiko Torikai
Kazuyoshi Yamada

Kyoto University, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
National Institute for Material Science, Japan
Hokkaido University, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Nagoya University, Japan
Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Japan
Meijo University, Japan
Ibaraki University, Japan
University of Yamanashi, Japan
Tohoku University, Japan

Term of committee appointments: 1 April 2011 - 31 March 2014

Neutron Program Advisory Committee
中性子共同利用実験審査委員会
Koichiro Asahi
Yasushi Idemoto
Shinichi Itoh
Kazuaki Iwasa
Ryosuke Kadono
Hiroshi Kageyama
Hiroyuki Kagi
Takashi Kamiyama
Toshiji Kanaya
Mikio Kataoka
Yoshiaki Kiyanagi
Yutaka Moritomo
Youichi Murakami
Toshiya Otomo
Hideki Seto (Chair)
Hirohiko Shimizu
Masaaki Sugiyama
Jun-ichi Suzuki
Soichi Wakatsuki
Noboru Yamamoto
Osamu Yamamuro

Tokyo Institute of Technology, JapanTokyo University of Science, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Tohoku University, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
Nara Institute of Science and Technology
Hokkaido University, Japan
University of Tsukuba, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan

Term of committee appointments: 1 April 2011 - 31 March 2013204

MLF Operations in 2012

Muon Instrument Proposal Review Committee
ミュオン実験装置部会
Masatoshi Arai
Koichiro Asahi
Wataru Higemoto
Masahiko Iwasaki
Ryosuke Kadono
Takashi Kato
Kenji Kojima
Kenya Kubo (Chair)
Yoshitaka Kuno
Yasuhiro Miyake
Nobuhiko Nishida
Hiroyuki Nojiri
Toru Ogitsu
Koichiro Shimomura
Yasunori Yamazaki

Japan Atomic Energy Agency, JapanTokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, JapanRIKEN, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
International Christian University, Japan
Osaka University, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, JapanTokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Tohoku University, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, JapanRIKEN, Japan

Term of committee appointments: 1 April 2011 - 31 March 2013

Muon Science Proposal Review Committee
ミュオン課題審査部会
Masatoshi Arai
Koichiro Asahi
Kim H. Chow
Roberto De Renzi
Wataru Higemoto
Katsuhiko Ishida
Kenji Ishida
Ryosuke Kadono
Shinsaku Kambe
Takashi Kamiyama
Hiroshi Kobori
Youji Koike (Chair)
Kenya Kubo
Yasuhiro Miyake
Yuichiro Nagame
Yasuo Nozue
Masao Ogata
Shinji Tsuneyuki
Soichi Wakatsuki

Japan Atomic Energy Agency, JapanTokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
University of Alberta, Canada
University of Parma, Italy
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, JapanRIKEN, Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Chiba University, Japan
Tohoku University, Japan
International Christian University, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Osaka University, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan

Term of committee appointments: 1 April 2011 - 31 March 2013

MLF Operations in 2012205

Muon Program Advisory Committee
ミュオン共同利用実験審査委員会
Hiroshi Amitsuka
Hokkaido University, Japan
Masaharu Aoki
Osaka University, Japan
Wataru Higemoto
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Katsuhiko Ishida
RIKEN, Japan
Kenji Ishida
Kyoto University, Japan
Kenji Itoh
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Ryosuke Kadono (Chair)High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Shinsaku Kambe
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Yoh Kobori
Chiba University, Japan
Yoji Koike
Tohoku University, Japan
Kenji Kojima
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Tadashi Koseki
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Kenya Kubo
International Christian University, Japan
Yasuyuki Matsuda
University of Tokyo, Japan
Yasuhiro Miyake
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Yuichro Nagame
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Hironori Nakao
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Yasuo Nozue
Osaka University, Japan
Masao Ogata
University of Tokyo, Japan
Toshiya Otomo
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Atsushi Shinohara
Osaka University, Japan
Shinji Tsuneyuki
University of Tokyo, Japan
Soichi Wakatsuki
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Term of committee appointments: 1 April 2011 - 31 March 2013

Selection Committee (CROSS)
選定委員会
Toshio Akai
Hidetoshi Fukuyama (Chair)
Makoto Hayashi
Kazuaki Iwasa
Shinichi Kamei
Toshiji Kanaya
Mikio Kataoka
Naoki Kishimoto
Tomoko Nakanishi
Kazumi Nishijima
Mitsuhiro Shibayama
Masaki Takada
Kiyoyuki Terakura
Eiko Torikai

Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., JapanTokyo University of Science, Japan
Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
Tohoku University, Japan
Mitsubishi Research Institute Inc., Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
National Institute of Material Science, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan
Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan
University of Tokyo, JapanRIKEN, Japan
Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
University of Yamanashi, Japan

Term of committee appointments: 15 June 2011 - 31 March 2013206

MLF Operations in 2012

Neutron Advisory Committee (NAC)
NAC-2013 convened 14-15 Feb 2013 at the IQBRC, Tokai
List of NAC-2013 Members
Kurt N. Clausen
Mahn Won Kim
Yoshiaki Kiyanagi
Dan A. Neumann
Robert Robinson
Uschi Steigenberger (Chair)
Werner Wagner

Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
Hokkaido University, Japan
National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Australia
Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK
Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland

Group photo of NAC-2013

MLF Operations in 2012

207

Muon Science Advisory Committee (MuSAC)
MuSAC-11 convened 22-23 Feb 2013 at the KEK Tokai Campus
List of MuSAC-11 Members
Hiroshi Amitsuka
Toshiyuki Azuma
Klaus P. Jungman
Elvezio Morenzoni (Chair)
Yasuo Nozue
Francis Pratt
Jeff E. Sonier
Jun Sugiyama

Hokkaido University, JapanRIKEN, Japan
University of Groningen, Netherlands
Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
Osaka University, Japan
ISIS, UK
Simon Fraser University, Canada
Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Japan

Group photo of MuSAC-11

208

MLF Operations in 2012

The Government Review of J-PARC
Hiroaki Aihara
Hidetoshi Fukuyama (Chair)
Takaaki Kajita
Toshiji Kanaya
Michiyo Kaneko
Akio Komori
Noritaka Kumagai
Kazumi Nishijima
Kiyotaka Okada
Nobuyuki Osakabe
Hirokazu Tamura
Eiko Torikai
Yuriko Yamagata
Hiromi Yokoyama

University of Tokyo, JapanTokyo University of Science, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan
National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan
Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Japan
Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan
National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan
Hitachi, Ltd., Japan
Tohoku University, Japan
University of Yamanashi, Japan
Kumamoto University, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan

Term of committee appointments: 24 February 2012 - 31 January 2013

The Government started their review of J-PARC on March, 2012. The accomplishment of earlyrecovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake was highly appreciated. The major focus of thisreview was to establish the future five year plan. For Neutrons, the committee recommended thatthe extensive efforts should be made to improve the environments for sample preparations anddata analyses. For Muons, the best effort for the coming five years for the Muon group should be
to fill up two beamlines, called S and H. The construction of a research building and an isotope
storage building were also discussed.

MLF Operations in 2012209

MLF Workshops in 2012
With the increasing level of scientific activity at the facility, the number and scope of researchworkshops held under the auspices of the MLF rapidly expanded in 2012.

Conferences and workshops held jointly by J-PARC MLF and CROSS-Tokai
4th MLF Symposium and Ibaraki Prefecture Beamlines User Meeting
10-11 Oct 2012, MIRAIKAN, Tokyo (230 participants, 38 oral and 81 poster presentations)

Joint Meeting of the 10th International Conference on Quasielastic Neutron Scattering (QENS)
and the 5th International Workshop on lnelastic Neutron Spectrometers (WINS)
30 Sept – 4 Oct 2012, Nikko, Tochigi (99 participants, 104 presentations)210

MLF Operations in 2012

12th Korea-Japan Meeting on Neutron Science
3-6 Feb 2013, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa (59 participants, 49 presentations)

SNS - JSNS Collaboration on Source Development
27-29 Nov 2012, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA (held only by J-PARC MLF)

JSNS Annual Meeting 201210-11 Dec 2012, Kyoto University, Kyoto (Main sponsor: Japanese Society for Neutron Science)

Workshops co-sponsored by J-PARC Center, CROSS-Tokai and other organizations
The 17th Sagamore Conference, IUCr Commission on Charge, Spin, and Momentum Densities
15-20 Jul 2012, Daini Meisui Tei, Kitayuzawa, Hokkaido

Symposium on the Linkage Use of Synchrotron Radiation and Neutrons in Structural Biology– Realizing the construction of a high-resolution neutron spectrometer for biological polymers at
J-PARC MLF
22 Jan 2013, Tokyo International Forum, Tokyo

MLF Operations in 2012211

Workshops in 2012
Workshops held by KEK
1st H-Line Workshop
18-19 May 2012, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo

3rd Progress Report Meeting of J-PARC·MUSE(Muon Science Establishment)
30 May 2012, KEK Tokai, Tokai

Workshop on New Research Directions using Intense Quantum Beams– Analysis of Buried Interfaces in Thin Films and Multilayers
26-28 Jun 2012 , KEK Tsukuba, Tsukuba

Tsukuba Soft Matter Meeting 2012 in TOKAI
30-31 Aug 2012, KEK Tokai, Tokai

BL16 Neutron Reflectometer Workshop 2012
3-4 Oct 2012, KEK Tokai, Tokai212

MLF Operations in 2012

High Resolution Chopper Spectrometer Workshop
6 Nov 2012, KEK Tokai, TokaiPOLANO Planning Workshop – A new polarized neutron scattering spectrometer for J-PARC
12 Nov 2012, KEK Tokai, Tokai
Neutron Spin-Echo Workshop
16 Nov 2012, KEK Tsukuba, Tsukuba
Fundamental Physics with Neutrons
20-21 Nov 2012, Nagoya University, Nagoya
NOVA High-intensity Total Scattering Diffractometer Workshop
3-4 Dec 2012, KEK Tokai, Tokai
Super-HRPD & SPICA Workshop
14 Dec 2012, KEK Tokai, Tokai
5th Workshop on Muon Science and Accelerator Research
6-8 Jan 2013, KEK Tsukuba, Tsukuba
The 5th Japan-Taiwan Joint Meeting on Neutron and X-ray Scattering
25-26 Feb 2013, KEK Tokai, Tokai

IMSS Science Festa
14-15 Mar 2013, Tsukuba International Congress Center, Tsukuba

MLF Operations in 2012

213

Workshops held by CROSS-Tokai
3rd CROSSroads Workshop
Structure and Function of Chiral Magnetic Materials
17 18 Dec 2012, Ibaraki Quantum Beam Center, Tokai

4th CROSSroads Workshop
Progress in Thin Film and Interface Science at J-PARC
10 Jan 2013, Kenkyusha, Tokyo

5th CROSSroads Workshop
Structure and Properties of Materials using the Single Crystal Diffractometers at J-PARC
25-26 Feb 2013, Ibaraki Quantum Beam Center, Tokai

6th CROSSroads Workshop
Leading Edge Research using Dynamics Spectrometers
14-15 Mar 2013, Tokyo Office of Kyoto University, Tokyo214

MLF Operations in 2012

Other Workshops co-sponsored by CROSS-Tokai
Industrial Applications of Neutrons Users Society Workshops
1st 2012 Workshop on Surfaces and Interfaces
3 Sept 2012, Kenkyusha, Tokyo
1st 2012 Workshop on Residual Stress and Strain
25 Sept 2012, Kenkyusha, Tokyo
1st 2012 Workshop on Metallographic Structure
27 Sept 2012, National Institute of Materials Science, Tsukuba
1st 2012 Workshop on Structural Biology
2 Oct 2012, Kenkyusha, Tokyo
1st 2012 Workshop on Non-destructive Visualization and Analysis Methods
9 Nov 2012, Kenkyusha, Tokyo
2nd 2012 Workshop on Metallographic Structure
3 Dec 2012, UDX Conference Center, Tokyo
6th Workshop on Soft Matter Neutron Scattering
21 Dec 2012, Kenkyusha, Tokyo
7th Workshop on Soft Matter Neutron Scattering
28 Feb 2013, Kenkyusha, Tokyo
2012 Workshop on Magnetic Materials
1 Mar 2013, Rengo Kaikan, Tokyo
2012 Workshop on Battery Materials
8 Mar 2013, Tokyo Office of Kyoto University, Tokyo
4th Workshop on Analytical Methods in Small Angle Scattering
13 Mar 2013, Tokyo Office of Kyoto University, Tokyo
Neutrons in Biology
13-14 Mar 2012, Tokyo Office of Kyoto University. Tokyo
2nd 2012 Workshop on Residual Stress and Strain
18 Mar 2013, Kenkyusha, Tokyo
2nd 2012 Workshop on Structural Biology
21 Mar 2013, Kenkyusha, Tokyo

Public Lectures
Applications of Synchrotron Radiation and Neutrons in Cultural Heritage
28 Sept 2012, Kenkyusha, Tokyo

MLF Operations in 2012

215

Seminars and Courses in 2012
Seminars co-convened by CROSS-Tokai with other organizations
1st Seminar on Neutron Scattering at RIKEN
24 Apr 2012, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama
Industrial Applications of Neutron Scattering
27 Jul 2012, Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Saitama
Industrial Applications of Neutron Scattering in Osaka
8 Aug 2012, Osaka Science & Technology Center, Osaka
Industrial Applications of Neutron Scattering
9 Aug 2012, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Osaka
Industrial Applications of Neutron Scattering
19 Oct 2012, TOYOTA Central R&D Labs, Aichi
Industrial Applications of Neutron Scattering
28 Nov 2012, TORAY Research Center, Shiga
Industrial Application Seminar (at JSNS Annual Meeting 2012)10 Dec 2012, Kyoto University, Kyoto
1st Synchrotron Radiation - Neutron Linkage Use Seminar
22 Mar 2013, LMJ Tokyo, Tokyo

Short Courses co-convened by J-PARC Center with other organizations
Z-Code Training Course
11-12 Mar 2013, LMJ Tokyo, Tokyo216

MLF Operations in 2012

Schools in 2012
The first MLF School was held in 2012.

MLF School 201218-21 Dec 2012, J-PARC MLF and IQBRC, Tokai

Lectures in class

24 Students

Hands-on experiments

Practical experiments at the MLF were newly included in the KEK Summer Challenge in 2012

KEK Summer Challenge

Lectures: 8 Aug 2012, KEK, Tsukuba
Experiments: 22-24 Nov 2012, J-PARC MLF, Tokai

9 Students

MLF Operations in 2012

217

Award List
The JSNS Young Scientist Award
Novel Ordered Structures in the Mixture of Water /Organic Solvent / Salts Investigated by Neutron
Scattering
The Japanese Society for Neutron Science
Koichiro Sadakane, December 2012
The JSNS Technology Award
Development of Automatic Sample Exchange andTransfer System in iMATERIAThe Japanese Society for Neutron Science
Akinori Hoshikawa, Toru Ishigaki and Masao
Yonemura, December 2012

平成 24 年度 科学技術分野の文部科学大臣表彰
科学技術賞 研究部門
(The Commendation for Science and Technology by
the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Scienceand Technology: Prizes for Science and Technology:
Research Category)
パルス中性子による高効率ナノダイナミクス計測技術の研究
新井正敏、中村充孝、梶本亮一
平成 24 年 4 月 17 日
日本油化学会 第 11 回オレオサイエンス賞
添加剤により誘起される巨大単層膜ベシクルの形成メカニ
ズム

The JSNS President Choice
Neutron Spin Echo Spectrometer at the Pulsed
Neutron Source

山田悟史、菱田真史
平成 24 年 10 月 3 日

Hamon, Vol.21, No.4, pp.239—242, 2011
The Japanese Society for Neutron Science
Hideki Seto, Masahiro Hino, Norifumi L. Yamada,
December 2012

第 33 回核物質管理学会日本支部年次大会優秀論文賞
NDA 用 ZnS シン チレーション中性子検出器開発計画
呉田昌俊、曽山和彦、瀬谷道夫、大図章、春山満夫、
中村龍也、藤健太郎、坂佐井馨
平成 24 年 10 月
物構研サイエンスフェスタ学生奨励賞
NaAlD 4 における水素吸蔵放出反応の高強度中性子全散乱装置（NOVA）を用いた in-situ 測定
藤崎布美佳
平成 25 年 3 月 15 日

218

MLF Operations in 2012

MLF Publication 2012
1

B. Adiperdana, I. A. Dharmawan, R. E. Siregar, I. Watanabe, K.
Ohishi, Y. Ishii, T. Suzuki, T. Kawamata, Risdiana, R. Sheuermann,
K. Sedlak, Y. Tomioka, T. Waki, Y. Tabata, and H. Nakamura
Muon Sites Estimation in La2CuO4 and A New Vanadium Cluster
Compound, V4 S9 Br4, using Electronic and Nuclear Dipole Field
Calculations
Physics Procedia 30 109 (2012)12

M. Futakawa, T. Naoe, H. Kogawa, K. Haga, and K. Okita
Cavitation erosion induced by proton beam bombarding mercury
target for high power spallation neutron source
Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Cavitation(CAV2012) 822 (2012)

13

K. Haga, H. Kogawa, T. Wakui, T. Naoe, and M. Futakawa
Development of the high power mercury target and the bubbler
installation
Proceedings of ICANS-XX 307 (2012)

14

J. Han, J. Zhu, Y. Li, X. Yu, S. Wang, G. Wu, H. Xie, S. C. Vogel,F. Izumi, K. Momma, Y. Kawamura, Y. Huang, J. B. Goodenough,and Y. Zhao
Experimental visualization of lithium conduction pathways ingarnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12
Chemical communications 48 (79) 9840 (2012)15

M. Hase, A. Dönni, K. Ozawa, H. Kitazawa, O. Sakai, V. Y.
Pomjakushin, L. Keller, K. Kaneko, N. Metoki, K. Kakurai, M.
Matsuda, T. Yang, R. Cong, and J. Lin
Neutron scattering studies of the spin-5/2 antiferromagnetic linear
trimer substance SrMn3P4O14
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 340 012066 (2012)

16

K. Hemmi, R. Fukuta, E. Uykur, S. Miyasaka, S. Tajima, A.
Nakao, H. Nakao, R. Kumai, and Y. Murakami
Cr- and Mo-Doping Effects on Structural and Orbital Order Phase
Transition in Spinel-Type MnV2O4
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 SB030 (2012)17

W. Higemoto, T. U. Ito, K. Ninomiya, R. H. Heffner, K.
Shimomura, K. Nishiyama, and Y. Miyake
Muon Beam Slicer at J-PARC MUSE
Physics Procedia 30 30 (2012)

18

K. H. Chow, M. Månsson, Y. Ikedo, J. Sugiyama, O. Ofer, E. J.
Ansaldo, J. H. Brewer, M. Isobe, H. Gotou, T. Yagi, Y. Ueda, and C.
Bainesμ SR Investigation of the Hollandite Vanadate K2V8O16
Physics Procedia 30 117 (2012)

W. Higemoto, T. U. Ito, K. Ninomiya, T. Onimaru, K. T.
Matsumoto, and T. Takabatake
Multipole and superconducting state in PrIr2Zn20 probed by muon
spin relaxation
Physical Review B 85 235152 (2012)19

Neutron Source Section, Materials and Life Science Division
Technical design report of spallation neutron source facility in
J-PARCJAEA-Technology 2011-035 (2012)

W. Higemoto, T. U. Ito, K. Ninomiya, T. Onimaru, K. T.
Matsumoto, and T. Takabatake
μ SR Studies on Caged Compound PrIr2Zn20
Physics Procedia 30 125 (2012)

20

T. Fujiwara, H. Takahashi, T. Yanagida, K. Kamada, K. Fukuda,
Y. Fujimoto, N. Kawaguchi, N. L. Yamada, M. Furusaka, K.
Watanabe, and M. Uesaka
Study on Ce: LiCAF scintillator for 3He alternative detector
Neutron News 23 31 (2012)

K. Hikawa, Y. Shirai, T. Takegami, M. Shiotsu, H. Tatsumoto, K.
Hata, H. Kobayashi, Y. Naruo, Y. Inatani, and N. Narita
Over-Current Characteristics of MgB2 Wire Cooled by Liquid
Hydrogen
Proceeding of ICEC24-ICMC2012 203 (2012)

21

Y. Hirata, K. M. Kojima, M. Ishikado, S. Uchida, A. Iyo, H. Eisaki,
and S. Tajima
Correlation between the interlayer Josephson coupling strengthand an enhanced superconducting transition temperature ofmultilayer cuprate superconductors
Physical Review B 85 054501 (2012)

22

T. Hirayama, K. Matsubayashi, T. Yamashita, S. Ohara, K.

2

M. Arai
Recovery from the Earthquake at MLF
MLF の震災からの復興（特集 震災からの復興）
Hamon / 波紋 22 216 (2012)3

Y. Arimoto, H. Funahashi, N. Higashi, M. Hino, K. Hirota,
S. Imajo, T. Ino, Y. Iwashita, R. Katayama, M. Kitaguchi, K.
Mishima, S. Muto, H. Oide, H. Otono, Y. Seki, T. Shima, H. M.
Shimizu, K. Taketani, T. Yamada, S. Yamashita, and T. Yoshioka
Present status of neutron fundamental physics at J-PARC
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2012 02B007(2012)

4

Y. Arimoto, P. Gertenbort, S. Imajo, Y. Iwashita, M. Kitaguchi, Y.
Seki, H. M. Shimizu, and T. Yoshioka
Demonstration of focusing by a neutron accelerator
Physical Review A 86 023843 (2012)5

Y. Arimoto, Y. Iwashita, T. Yoshioka, M. Kitaguchi, S. Imajo, H.
M. Shimizu, K. Asahi, T. Ino, Y. Kamiya, K. Mishima, S. Muto, K.
Sakai, T. Shima, K. Taketani, S. Yamashita, and A. Yoshimi
Development of Longitudinal-Gradient Magnet for Time Focusingof Ultra-Cold Neutron With Anisotropic Inter-PoleIEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 22 4500704(2012)

67

8

9

Present status of JSNS and R&D for high power operation in J-PARC
Proceedings of ICANS-XX 111 (2012)

R. G. Burkovsky, A. V. Filimonov, A. I. Rudskoy, K. Hirota, M.
Matsuura, and S. B. Vakhrushev
Diffuse scattering anisotropy and inhomogeneous lattice
deformations in the lead magnoniobate relaxor PMN above theBurns temperature
Physical Review B 85 094108 (2012)10

M. Futakawa
Seismic Damages at MLF Neutron Source
MLF 中性子源における震災（特集 震災からの復興）
Hamon / 波紋 22 228 (2012)11

M. Futakawa

Facility Report219

Munakata, and Y. Uwatoko
Pressure-induced Suppression of the Antiferromagnetic Transitionin YbNi3Al9 Single Crystal
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 391 012020 (2012)
23

24

25

26

34

N. Hoshino, F. Iijima, N. N. Graham, N. Yoshida, T. Shiga, H.
Nojiri, A. Nakao, R. Kumai, Y. Murakami, and H. Oshio
Three-way switching in a cyanide-bridged [CoFe] chain
Nature Chemistry 4 921 (2012)

K. Ishii, K. Tsutsui, K. Ikeuchi, I. Jarrige, J. Mizuki, H. Hiraka, K.
Yamada, T. Tohyama, S. Maekawa, Y. Endoh, H. Ishii, and Y. Q. Cai
Electronic excitations around the substituted atom in La2Cu1−yNiyO4
as seen via resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
Physical Review B 85 104509 (2012)35

Y. Idemoto, T. Kashima, and N. Kitamura
Investigation on Crystal and Electronic Structures of 0.5Li2MnO30.5LiMnxNixCo(1−2x)O2 (x = 1/3, 5/12) Samples Heat-Treated under
Vacuum Reducing Conditions
Electrochemistry 80 791 (2012)

T. Isono, H. Kamo, A. Ueda, K. Takahashi, A. Nakao, R. Kumai, H.
Nakao, K. Kobayashi, Y. Murakami, and H. Mori
Hydrogen bond-promoted metallic state in a purely organic singlecomponent conductor under pressure
Nature Communications 4 1344 (2012)

36

T. U. Ito, W. Higemoto, K. Ninomiya, A. Sakai, and S. Nakatsuji
Microscopic Evidence for Long-Range Magnetic Ordering in theΓ 8 Ground Quartet Systems SmTr2Al20 (Tr: Ti, V, Cr)
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan Supplement 81 SB050(2012)

37

S. Itoh and M. A. Adams
Anomalous Spin Diffusion on Two-Dimensional Percolating
Network in Dilute Antiferromagnet Rb2Mn0.6Mg0.4F4
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 074704 (2012)

38

S. Itoh, T. Nakayama, and M. A. Adams
Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Fractons in Rb2Mn0.598Mg0.402 F4
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 400 032030 (2012)

39

S. Itoh, K. Ueno, R. Ohkubo, H. Sagehashi, Y. Funahashi, and T.
Yokoo
T0 chopper developed at KEK
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 661 86(2012)
S. Itoh, K. Ueno, and T. Yokoo
Fermi chopper developed at KEK
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 661 58(2012)

Y. Idemoto, M. Tashiro, and N. Kitamura
Dependencies of Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Properties andCrystal Structure on Synthesis and Sintering Processes in BaTiO3
Prepared by Hydrothermal and Solid-state Methods
Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 59
101 (2012)
K. Iida, J. Lee, M. B. Stone, M. Kofu, Y. Yoshida, and S.-H. Lee
Two-dimensional incommensurate magnetic fluctuations in
Sr2(Ru0.99Ti0.01)O4
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 124710 (2012)

27

K. Iida, S.-H. Lee, and S.-W. Cheong
Coexisting Order and Disorder Hidden in a Quasi-Two-Dimensional
Frustrated Magnet
Physical Review Letters 108 217207 (2012)

28

K. Iida, S.-H. Lee, T. Onimaru, K. Matsubayashi, and T. J. Sato
Determination of spin Hamiltonian in the Ni4 magnetic molecule
Physical Review B 86 064422 (2012)

40

29

T. Iiyama, F. Fujisaki, R. Futamura, A. Hamasaki, S. Ozeki, A.
Hoshikawa, and T. Ishigaki
Structure Determination of Hydrogen-bonding Network of Water inHydrophobic Nanospace by Neutron and X-ray Diffractions
Chemistry Letters 41 1267 (2012)

41

S. Itoh, T. Yokoo, K. Ueno, J. Suzuki, T. Teraoku, and M. Tsuchiya
Large area window on vacuum chamber surface for neutron
scattering instruments
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 670 1(2012)

42

S. Itoh, T. Yokoo, S. Yano, D. Kawana, H. Tanaka, and Y. Endoh
Quantum Renormalization Effect in One-Dimensional Heisenberg
Antiferromagnets
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 084706 (2012)

43

K. Iwasa, T. Orihara, K. Saito, K. Tomiyasu, Y. Murakami, H.
Sugawara, K. Kuwahara, H. Kimura, R. Kiyanagi, Y. Ishikawa, Y.
Noda, Y. Aoki, H. Sato, and M. Kohgi
Neutron scattering study on magnetic ordering in a partially rareearth filled skutterudite PrxFe4Sb12
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 391 012025 (2012)

44

H. Iwase, M. Katagiri, and M. Shibayama
Optimization of the thickness of a ZnS/ 6LiF scintillator for a highresolution detector installed on a focusing small-angle neutron
scattering spectrometer (SANS-U)
Journal of Applied Crystallography 45 507 (2012)

45

K. Iwase, H. Sato, S. Harjo, T. Kamiyama, T. Ito, S. Takata, K.
Aizawa, and Y. Kiyanagi
In situ lattice strain mapping during tensile loading using theneutron transmission and diffraction methods
Journal of Applied Crystallography 45 113 (2012)46

H. Iwase, S. Sawada, T. Yamaki, S. Koizumi, M. Ohnuma, and Y.

30

31

32

33

220

Journal of Physics: Conference Series 340 012006 (2012)

K. Ikeda, T. Oku, J. Suzuki, M. Takeda, A. Hoshikawa, and Y. Miyake
The Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility of J-PARC
J-PARC の物質・生命科学実験施設
Engineering Materials / 工業材料 60 28 (2012)
K. Ikeda, T. Otomo, K. Suzuya, M. Misawa, H. Ohshita, M.
Tsubota, N. Kaneko, T. Seya, T. Fukunaga, K. Itoh, Y. Kameda, T.
Yamaguchi, K. Yoshida, K. Maruyama, S. Shamoto, K. Kodama, Y.
Kawakita, and F. Fujisaki
Structural Analysis of Hydrogen Storage Materials by HighIntensity Neutron Total Diffractometer NOVA
高強度中性子全散乱装置 NOVA による水素貯蔵材料の構造解析
Journal of the Hydrogen Energy Systems Society of Japan / 水素エネルギーシステム 37 328 (2012)
Y. Ikedo, Y. Miyake, K. Shimomura, P. Strasser, K. Nishiyama,
N. Kawamura, H. Fujimori, S. Makimura, A. Koda, T. Ogitsu, Y.
Makida, T. Adachi, K. Nakahara, M. Yoshida, A. Yamamoto, T.
Nakamoto, K. Sasaki, K. Tanaka, N. Kimura, W. Higemoto, Y.
Ajima, K. Ishida, Y. Matsuda, and A. Sato
Status of the Superomega Muon Beam Line at J-PARC
Physics Procedia 30 34 (2012)
T. Ino, Y. Arimoto, H. M. Shimizu, Y. Sakaguchi, K. Sakai, H.
Kira, T. Shinohara, T. Oku, J. Suzuki, K. Kakurai, and L. Chang
A compact SEOP 3He neutron spin filter with AFP NMR

Facility ReportMaekawa
Hierarchical Structure Analysis of Graft-Type Polymer Electrolyte
Membranes Consisting of Cross-Linked Polytetrafluoroethylene by
Small-Angle Scattering in a Wide - Q Range
Macromolecules 45 9121 (2012)
47

48

49

50

51

52

53

58

Y. Kameda
Neutron diffractometer in J-PARC
J-PARC の中性子散乱測定装置
The Japan Association of Solution Chemistry News Letter / 溶液化学研究会ニュース 65 1 (2012)

59

K. Kaneko, O. Stockert, M. Skoulatos, A. Schneidewind, T.
Takeuchi, T. D. Matsuda, Y. Haga, R. Settai, Y. Ōnuki, and N.
Metoki
Neutron Scattering Study on High-Quality Single Crystals of NonCentrosymmetric Heavy-Fermion Superconductor CePt3Si
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 SB006 (2012)

60

K. Kaneko, S. Yoshiuchi, T. Takeuchi, F. Honda, R. Settai, and Y.
ŌnukiEffect of magnetic field in heavy-fermion compound YbCo2Zn20
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 391 012026 (2012)

61

Y. Kasugai, N. Matsuda, Y. Sakamoto, H. Nakashima, H. Yashima,
H. Iwase, H. Hirayama, N. Mokov, A. Leveling, D. Boehnlein, K.
Vaziri, G. Lauten, K. Oishi, and T. Nakamura
Fitting Method for Spectrum Deduction in High-Energy Neutron
Field Induced by GeV-Protons Using Experimental Reaction-Rate
Data
Journal of ASTM International 9 675 (2012)

62

X. Jin, T. Nakamoto, T. Ito, S. Harjo, A. Kikuchi, T. Takeuchi, K.
Tsuchiya, T. Hemmi, T. Ogitsu, and A. Yamamoto
Residual strain dependence on the matrix structure in RHQ-Nb3Al
wires by neutron diffraction measurement
Superconductor Science and Technology 25 065021 (2012)

M. Kawai, H. Kurishita, H. Kokawa, S. Watanabe, N. Sakaguchi,
K. Kikuchi, S. Saito, T. Yoshiie, H. Iwase, T. Ito, S. Hashimoto, Y.
Kaneko, M. Futakawa, S. Ishino, and J. G. Team
Development of advanced materials for spallation neutron sources
and radiation damage simulation based on multi-scale models
Journal of Nuclear Materials 431 16 (2012)

63

X. Jin, H. Oguro, T. Nakamoto, S. Awaji, A. Yamamoto, K.
Tsuchiya, T. Ogitsu, A. Kikuchi, T. Takeuchi, S. Harjo, and T. Ito
Tensile strain dependence of critical current of RHQ-Nb3Al wires
Cryogenics 52 805 (2012)

T. Kawamoto, T. Mori, A. Nakao, Y. Murakami, and J. A. Schlueter
Tc of 11 K Identified for the Third Polymorph of the (BEDT-TTF)2Ag(CF3)4(TCE) Organic Superconductor
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 023705 (2012)

64

T. Kawasaki, M. Takahashi, T. Ohhara, I. Tanaka, K. Kusaka, T.
Hosoya, T. Yamada, and K. Kurihara
Structure of Morpholinium Tribromoplumbate C 4H8ONH2PbBr3
Studied Using Single-Crystal Neutron Diffraction
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 094602 (2012)

65

Y. Kawasaki, T. Minami, M. Izumi, Y. Kishimoto, T. Ohno, K.
H. Satoh, A. Koda, R. Kadono, J. L. Gavilano, H. Luetkens, T.
Nakajima, and Y. Ueda
μ SR investigation of magnetically ordered states in the A-siteordered perovskite manganites RBaMn2O6 (R=Y and La)
Physical Review B 86 125141 (2012)

66

A. Kimura, T. Fujii, S. Fukutani, K. Furutaka, S. Goko, K. Y.
Hara, H. Harada, K. Hirose, J. Hori, M. Igashira, T. Kamiyama, T.
Katabuchi, T. Kin, K. Kino, F. Kitatani, Y. Kiyanagi, M. Koizumi,
M. Mizumoto, S. Nakamura, M. Ohta, M. Oshima, K. Takamiya,
and Y. Toh
Neutron-capture cross-sections of Cm-244 and Cm-246 measured
with an array of large germanium detectors in the ANNRI at
J-PARC/MLF
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 49 708 (2012)

67

H. Kinoshita, K. Haga, M. Seki, T. Suzuki, M. Ito, Y. Kasugai,
T. Wakui, H. Kogawa, T. Naoe, K. Hanano, M. Teshigawara, F.
Maekawa, S. Sakamoto, and M. Futakawa
Development of cut out machine for PIE test pieces from mercury
target vessel in J-PARC
Proceedings of ICANS-XX 334 (2012)

A. Izumi, T. Nakao, H. Iwase, and M. Shibayama
Structural analysis of cured phenolic resins using complementary
small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering and scanning electron
microscopy
Soft Matter 8 8438 (2012)
I. Jarrige, T. Nomura, K. Ishii, H. Gretarsson, Y.-J. Kim, J. Kim, M.
Upton, D. Casa, T. Gog, M. Ishikado, T. Fukuda, M. Yoshida, J. P.
Hill, X. Liu, N. Hiraoka, K. D. Tsuei, and S. Shamoto
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of charge excitations insuperconducting and nonsuperconducting PrFeAsO1−yPhysical Review B 86 115104 (2012)
J. Jeong, E. A. Goremychkin, T. Guidi, K. Nakajima, G. S. Jeon,
S.-A. Kim, S. Furukawa, Y. B. Kim, S. Lee, V. Kiryukhin, S.-W.
Cheong, and J.-G. Park
Spin Wave Measurements over the Full Brillouin Zone of Multiferroic
BiFeO3
Physical Review Letters 108 077202 (2012)
X. Jin, T. Nakamoto, S. Harjo, T. Ito, T. Ogitsu, K. Tsuchiya, A.
Yamamoto, A. Kikuchi, T. Takeuchi, and T. Hemmi
Observation of A15 phase transformation in RHQ-Nb3Al wire by
neutron diffraction at high-temperature
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 535 124 (2012)

R. Kadono, A. Koda, W. Higemoto, K. Ohishi, H. Ueda, C. Urano,
S. Kondo, M. Nohara, and H. Takagi
Quasi-One-Dimensional Spin Dynamics in LiV2O4: One-to-ThreeDimensional Crossover as a Possible Origin of Heavy Fermion
State
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 014709 (2012)

54

R. Kadono and Y. Miyake
MUSE, the goddess of muons, and her future
Reports on Progress in Physics 75 026302 (2012)

55

R. Kajimoto, K. Nakajima, S. Ohira-Kawamura, Y. Inamura, K.
Kakurai, M. Arai, T. Hokazono, S. Oozono, and T. Okuda
Neutron scattering study of Ag, Mg and Al substitution effects on
the magnetic excitations in CuCrO2
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 400 032034 (2012)

56

R. Kajimoto, M. Nakamura, Y. Inamura, T. Nakatani, W. Kambara,
T. Yokoo, and F. Mizuno
Development of a High-efficient Inelastic Neutron Scattering
Method with Multiple Incident Energies on a Chopper Spectrometer
チョッパー分光器における複数入射エネルギー同時測定法
による高効率非弾性中性子散乱測定法の開発
Hamon / 波紋 22 145 (2012)57

magnetic anisotropy in f -electron unconventional superconductors
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 344 012003 (2012)

S. Kambe, H. Sakai, Y. Tokunaga, and K. Kaneko
Correlation between the superconducting pairing symmetry andFacility Report

221

68

N. Kitamura, K. Uchino, and Y. Idemoto
Particle morphology, electrical conductivity, crystal and electronic
structures of hydrothermally synthesized (Ce,Sr)PO4
Journal of Materials Science 47 6220 (2012)80

S. Meigo, H. Fujimori, S. Sakamoto, and M. Futakawa
Development of Beam Flattening System Using Non-Linear Beam
Optics at J-PARC
Proceedings of ICANS-XX 207 (2012)

69

R. Kiyanagi, T. Yamazaki, Y. Sakamoto, H. Kimura, Y. Noda, K.
Ohyama, S. Torii, M. Yonemura, J. Zhang, and T. Kamiyama
Structural and Magnetic Phase Determination of (1-x) BiFeO3-xBaTiO3 Solid Solution
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 024603 (2012)81

S. Meigo, M. Ooi, A. Akutsu, K. Ikezaki, T. Kai, H. Fujimori, S.
Sakamoto, and M. Futakawa
Beam Commissioning at J-PARC/JSNS and MUSE
Proceedings of ICANS-XX 314 (2012)

70

Y. Kiyanagi, H. Sato, T. Kamiyama, and T. Shinohara
A new imaging method using pulsed neutron sources for visualizing
structural and dynamical information
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 340 012010 (2012)82

S. Meigo, M. Ooi, K. Ikezaki, A. Akutsu, S. Sakamoto, and M.
Futakawa
Development of profile monitor system for high intense spallation
neutron source
Proceedings of IBIC2012,Tsukuba, Japan 227 (2012)

71

Y. Kobayashi, T. Iida, K. Suzuki, E. Satomi, T. Kawamata, M. Itoh,and M. Sato
NMR Studies on Iron Pnictide Superconductors of LaFeAsO0.89F0.11
and Ca-Fe-Pt-As
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 400 022056 (2012)83

S. Meigo, H. Fujimori, S. Sakamoto, and M. Futakawa
Development of Beam Flattening System Using Non-Linear Beam
Optics at J-PARC/JSNS
Proc of 9th Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan 75(2012)

72

T. Kusano, H. Iwase, T. Yoshimura, and M. Shibayama
Structural and Rheological Studies on Growth of Salt-Free Wormlike
Micelles Formed by Star-Type Trimeric Surfactants
Langmuir 28 16798 (2012)

84

73

S. C. Lee, A. Ueda, H. Kamo, K. Takahashi, M. Uruichi, K.
Yamamoto, K. Yakushi, A. Nakao, R. Kumai, K. Kobayashi, H.
Nakao, Y. Murakami, and H. Mori
Charge-order driven proton arrangement in a hydrogen-bonded
charge-transfer complex based on a pyridyl-substituted TTF derivative
Chemical Communications 48 8673 (2012)

T. Mito, T. Koyama, K. Nakagawara, T. Ishida, K. Ueda, T.
Kohara, K. Matsubayashi, Y. Saiga, K. Munakata, Y. Uwatoko, M.
Mizumaki, N. Kawamura, B. Idzikowski, and M. Reiffers
Mechanism of Field Induced Fermi Liquid State in Yb-Based
Heavy-Fermion Compound: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy andNuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of YbCo2Zn20
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 033706 (2012)85

Y. Miyake, K. Shimomura, N. Kawamura, P. Strasser, A. Koda,
S. Makimura, H. Fujimori, Y. Ikedo, K. Nakahara, S. Takeshita,
M. Kato, K. Kojima, Y. Kobayashi, K. Nishiyama, R. Kadono, W.
Higemoto, T. U. Ito, K. Ninomiya, K. Kubo, and K. Nagamine
J-PARC Muon Facility, MUSE
Physics Procedia 30 46 (2012)86

M. Mizuguchi, Y. Yokoyama, Y. Nabeshima, K. Kawano, I.
Tanaka, and N. Niimura
Quaternary structure, aggregation and cytotoxicity of transthyretin
Amyloid 19 5 (2012)

74

222

A. Machida, M. Honda, T. Hattori, A. Sano-Furukawa, T.
Watanuki, Y. Katayama, K. Aoki, K. Komatsu, H. Arima, H.
Ohshita, K. Ikeda, K. Suzuya, T. Otomo, M. Tsubota, K. Doi, T.
Ichikawa, Y. Kojima, and D.Y. Kim
Formation of NaCl-type monodeuteride LaD by the disproportionation
reaction of LaD2
Physical Review Letters 108 205501 (2012)75

S. Makimura, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Miyake, N. Kawamura, P. Strasser,
A. Koda, K. Shimomura, H. Fujimori, K. Nishiyama, M. Kato, K.
Kojima, W. Higemoto, T. Ito, R. Shimizu, and R. Kadono
Development of a Muon Rotating Target for J-PARC/MUSE
Physics Procedia 32 795 (2012)

87

S. Morooka, H. Kawata, S. Harjo, and O. Umezawa
In-Situ Neutron Diffraction Study on Tensile Deformaiton Behaviorof Steels
New Methods of Damage and Failure Analysis of Structural Parts,
ed. by Zdeněk Bůžek, Bohumír Strnadel 369 (2012)

76

K. Matsubayashi, R. Yamanaka, H. S. Suzuki, K. Munakata, and Y.
Uwatoko
Low temperature properties of a low carrier heavy fermion YbPtSb
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 391 012040 (2012)

88

77

H. Matsumura, S. Sekimoto, H. Yashima, A. Toyoda, Y. Kasugai,
N. Matsuda, K. Oishi, K. Bessho, Y. Sakamoto, H. Nakashima, D.
Boehnlein, G. Lauten, A. Leveling, N. Mokhov, and K. Vaziri
Colloid Formation Rates of Radionuclides Produced from Cu Foils
in Waterbombarded with 120-GeV Protons
Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology 3 127 (2012)

S. Morooka, O. Umezawa, S. Harjo, K. Hasegawa, and Y. Toji
Quantitative Analysis of Tensile Deformation Behavior by In-Situ
Neutron Diffraction for Ferrite-Martensite Type Dual-Phase Steels
その場中性子回折法によるフェライト - マルテンサイト型複合組織鋼における引張変形挙動の定量的解析
Tetsu-to-Hagane / 鉄と鋼 98 311 (2012)89

N. Murai, T. Masui, M. Ishikado, S. Ishida, H. Eisaki, S. Uchida,
and S. Tajima
Effect of out-of-plane disorder on superconducting gap anisotropy
in Bi2+xSr2−xCaCu2O8+δ as seen via Raman spectroscopy
Physical Review B 85 020507 (2012)

90

K. Murakami, Y. Shirai, T. Takegami, K. Hikawa, M. Shiotsu, H.
Tatsumoto, K. Hata, H. Kobayashi, Y. Naruo, Y. Inatani, and N.
NaritaPreliminary Test of Hot-Wire Type Flow-Meter for Liquid
Hydrogen
Proceeding of ICEC24-ICMC2012 51 (2012)91

M. Nagano, F. Yamaga, D. Yamazaki, R. Maruyama, H. Hayashida,
K. Soyama, and K. Yamamura

78

Y. Matsuo, J. Hatori, K. Kamazawa, J. Sugiyama, Y. Yoshida, and S.
Ikehata
Scaling of superionic transition temperature in M3D(XO4)2
Solid State Ionics 225 40 (2012)

79

M. Matsuura, M. Fujita, H. Hiraka, M. Kofu, H. Kimura, S.
Wakimoto, T. G. Perring, C. D. Frost, and K. Yamada
Ni-substitution effects on the spin dynamics and superconductivity
in La1.85Sr0.15CuO4
Physical Review B 86 134529 (2012)

Facility ReportHigh-precision figured thin supermirror substrates for multiple
neutron focusing device
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 340 012016 (2012)
92

93

94

M. Nagano, F. Yamaga, D. Yamazaki, R. Maruyama, H. Hayashida,
K. Soyama, and K. Yamamura
One-dimensional neutron focusing with large beam divergence by
400mm-long elliptical supermirror
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 340 012034 (2012)
S. Nakajima, T. Suzuki, Y. Ishii, K. Ohishi, I. Watanabe, T. Goto, A.
Oosawa, N. Yoneyama, N. Kobayashi, F. L. Pratt, and T. Sasaki
Microscopic Phase Separation in Triangular-Lattice Quantum Spin
Magnet κ -(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)3 Probed by Muon Spin Relaxation
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 063706 (2012)
T. Nakamura
Scintillation Neutron Detectors with a High Spatial Resolution-Position-Sensitive Detectors for Single-Crystal Diffractometer in
J-PARC中性子を光に変えて高位置分解能で検出する―J-PARC の結晶構造解析装置用 2 次元シンチレータ中性子検出器を開発 ―JAEA R&D Review 2012 / 未来を拓く原子力 原子力機構の研究開発成果 2012 114 (2012)

95

T. Nakamura, M. Katagiri, T. Hosoya, K. Toh, M. Kitaguchi, M.
Hino, T. Ebisawa, K. Sakasai, and K. Soyama
Development of Two-Dimensional Scintillation Detectors for
Neutron Spin Echo Spectrometers in J-PARC/MLF
2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging
Conference Record 222 (2012)

96

T. Nakamura, T. Kawasaki, T. Hosoya, K. Toh, M. Ebine, A.
Birumachi, K. Sakasai, K. Soyama, and M. Katagiri
A wavelength-shifting-fibre-based scintillator neutron detector
implemented with the median point calculation method
Journal of Instrumentation 7 C02003 (2012)

97

T. Nakamura, T. Kawasaki, T. Hosoya, K. Toh, K. Oikawa, K.
Sakasai, M. Ebine, A. Birumachi, K. Soyama, and M. Katagiri
A large-area two-dimensional scintillator detector with awavelength-shifting fibre readout for a time-of-flight single-crystal
neutron diffractometer
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 686 64(2012)

Kita, A. Shinohara, P. Strasser, N. Kawamura, K. Shimomura, Y.
Miyake, and T. Saito
Development of Nondestructive and Quantitative Elemental
Analysis Method Using Calibration Curve between Muonic X-ray
Intensity and Elemental Composition in Bronze
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 85 228 (2012)
103 K. Nyuta, T. Yoshimura, K. Tsuchiya, H. Sakai, M. Abe, and H.
Iwase
Zwitterionic heterogemini surfactants containing ammonium andcarboxylate headgroups 2: Aggregation behavior studied by SANS,
DLS, and cryo-TEM
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 370 80 (2012)
104 Y. Oba, S. Koppoju, M. Ohnuma, Y. Kinjo, S. Morooka, Y. Tomota,
J. Suzuki, D. Yamaguchi, S. Koizumi, M. Sato, and T. Shiraga
Quantitative Analysis of Inclusions in Low Carbon Free Cutting
Steel Using Small-angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering
ISIJ International 52 457 (2012)
105 K. Ohishi, Y. Ishii, I. Watanabe, H. Fukazawa, T. Saito, Y. Kohori,
K. Kihou, C.-H. Lee, H. Kito, A. Iyo, and H. Eisaki
Flux-line lattice state in FeAs-based superconducrot KFe2As2
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 400 022087 (2012)
106 K. Ohishi, Y. Ishii, I. Watanabe, H. Fukazawa, T. Saito, Y. Kohori,
K. Kihou, C.-H. Lee, H. Kito, A. Iyo, and H. Eisaki
Magnetic penetration depth in the FeAs-based superconductor
KFe2As2
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan : Supplements 81 SB046(2012)
107 K. Ohoyama, K. Tsutsumi, T. Ino, H. Hiraka, Y. Yamaguchi, H.
Kira, T. Oku, Y. Sakaguchi, Y. Arimoto, W. Zhang, H. Kimura, K.
Iwasa, M. Takeda, J. Suzuki, K. Yamada, and K. Kakurai
Development of a non-adiabatic two-coil spin flipper for apolarised thermal neutron diffractometer with a 3He spin filter
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 680 75(2012)
108 Y. Ohshima, Y. Noguchi, T. Oguchi, Y. Kitanaka, M. Miyayama, S.
Torii, and T. Kamiyama
High-Temperature-Operating Dielectrics of Perovskite Oxides
ECS Transactions 45 195 (2012)

98

T. Nakano, M. Matsuura, A. Hanazawa, K. Hirota, and Y. Nozue
Direct Observation by Neutron Diffraction of Antiferromagnetic
Ordering in s Electrons Confined in Regular Nanospace of Sodalite
Physical Review Letters 109 167208 (2012)

109 H. Ohshita, T. Otomo, S. Uno, K. Ikeda, T. Uchida, N. Kaneko, T.
Koike, M. Shoji, K. Suzuya, T. Seya,, and M. Tsubota
Stability of neutron beam monitor for High Intensity Total
Diffractometer at J-PARC
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 672 75(2012)

99

A. Nakao, Y. Yamaki, H. Nakao, Y. Murakami, K. Hasegawa, M.
Isobe, and Y. Ueda
Observation of Structural Change in the Novel Ferromagnetic
Metal--Insulator Transition of K2Cr8O16
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 054710 (2012)

110 R. Oishi-Tomiyasu, M. Yonemura, T. Morishima, A. Hoshikawa, S.
Torii, T. Ishigaki, and T. Kamiyama
Application of matrix decomposition algorithms for singularmatrices to the Pawley method in Z-Rietveld
Journal of Applied Crystallography 45 299 (2012)

100 Y. Nambu, K. Ohgushi, S. Suzuki, F. Du, M. Avdeev, Y. Uwatoko,
K. Munakata, H. Fukazawa, S. Chi, Y. Ueda, and T. J. Sato
Block magnetism coupled with local distortion in the iron-based
spin-ladder compound BaFe2Se3
Physical Review B 85 064413 (2012)

111 T. Okuchi, S. Sasaki, Y. Ohno, J. Abe, H. Arima, T. Osakabe, T.
Hattori, A. Sano-Furukawa, K. Komatsu, H. Kagi, W. Utsumi, S.
Harjo, T. Ito, and K. Aizawa
Neutron powder diffraction of small-volume samples at highpressure using compact opposed-anvil cells and focused beam
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 377 012013 (2012)

101 T. Naoe, Y. Yamaguchi, and M. Futakawa
Quantification of fatigue crack propagation of an austenitic
stainless steel in mercury embrittlement
Journal of Nuclear Materials 431 133 (2012)
102 K. Ninomiya, T. Nagatomo, K. Kubo, T. U. Ito, W. Higemoto, M.

112 T. Okuda, S. Oozono, T. Hokazono, K. Uto, Y. Fujii, Y. Beppu, S.
Seki, Y. Onose, Y. Tokura, R. Kajimoto, and M. Matsuda
Substitution Effect on the Magnetic State of Delafossite CuCrO2
Having a Spin-3/2 Antiferromagnetic Triangular Sublattice
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 400 032072 (2012)

Facility Report223

113 N. Onishi, K. Oka, M. Azuma, Y. Shimakawa, Y. Motome, T.
Taniguchi, M. Hiraishi, M. Miyazaki, T. Masuda, A. Koda, K. M.
Kojima, and R. Kadono
Magnetic ground state of the frustrated honeycomb lattice
antiferromagnet Bi3Mn4O12(NO3)
Physical Review B 85 184412 (2012)
114 Y. Onodera, K. Mori, T. Otomo, A. C. Hannon, M. Sugiyama, and T.
Fukunaga
Reverse Monte Carlo modeling of Li2S-P2S5 superionic conductors
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 340 012058 (2012)
115 Y. Onodera, K. Mori, T. Otomo, M. Sugiyama, and T. Fukunaga
Structural Evidence for High Ionic Conductivity of Li 7P 3S 11
Metastable Crystal
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 044802 (2012)
116 M. Ooi, M. Teshigawara, M. Segawa, E. Hashimoto, F. Maekawa,
M. Harada, and M. Kureta
Elemental distribution measurement of the Au-In-Cd alloy byneutron resonance imaging
Proceedings of ICANS-XX 439 (2012)
117 M. Ooi, M. Teshigawara, T. Wakui, T. Nishi, M. Harada, F.
Maekawa, and M. Futakawa
Development status of low activation ternary Au–In–Cd alloy
decoupler for a MW class spallation neutron source: 1st Productionof Au–In–Cd alloy
Journal of Nuclear Materials 431 218 (2012)

125 K. Sakasai, K. Toh, T. Nakamura, K. Takakura, C. Konno, and Y.
IwamotoStorage Characteristics of Mixtures of KCl:Eu2+ Phosphors andPolyethylene Powder by Irradiation of Fast Neutrons
2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging
Conference Record 318 (2012)
126 H. Sato
Quantitative Imaging of Crystalline Structural Information by
Pulsed Neutron Transmission
パルス中性子透過法による結晶組織構造情報の定量的イ
メージング
Hamon / 波紋 22 156 (2012)
127 M. Sato, T. Kawamata, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Yasui, T. Iida, K. Suzuki,
M. Itoh, T. Moyoshi, K. Motoya, R. Kajimoto, M. Nakamura, Y.
Inamura, and M. Arai
Study of magnetic excitation spectra of several Fe-pnictide systems
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 400 022105 (2012)

118 S. Raymond, K. Kaneko, A. Hiess, P. Steffens, and G. Lapertot
Evidence for Three Fluctuation Channels in the Spin Resonance of
the Unconventional Superconductor CeCoIn5
Physical Review Letters 109 237210 (2012)

128 M. Sato and Y. Kobayashi
On the superconducting pairing mechanism of Fe-based systems—
Is it new or well-known ?
Solid State Communications 152 688 (2012)

119 B. W. Riemer, A. Abdou, D. K. Felde, R. L. Sangrey, T. J. Shea,
M. W. Wendel, D. L. West, A. L. Kaminsky, M. Futakawa, S.
Hasegawa, H. Kogawa, T. Naoe, and C. H. Farny
Demonstration of Small Gas Bubbles for Mitigation of Cavitation
Damage and Pressure Waves in Short-pulse Mercury Spallation
Targets
Proceedings of ICANS-XX 320 (2012)

129 M. Sato, Y. Kobayashi, S. Satomi, T. Kawamata, and M. Itoh
Impurity effects on the superconducting transition temperatures ofFe pnictides and superconducting symmetry of the order parameter
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 400 022014 (2012)

120 P. K. Saha, H. Hocchi, H. Harada, N. Tani, M. Yoshimoto, and S.
Meigo
Effect of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake in the injectionand extraction of the J-PARC 3-GeV RCS
Proceedings of 3rd International Particle Accelerator Conference(IPAC '12) (Internet) 490 (2012)
121 Y. Saito, F. Naito, C. Kubota, S. Meigo, H. Fujimori, N. Ogiwara, J.
Kamiya, M. Kinsho, Z. Kabeya, and T. Kubo
Material and surface processing in J-PARC vacuum system
Vacuum 86 817 (2012)
122 K. Sakai, M. Futakawa, H. Takada, S. Sakamoto, F. Maekawa, H.
Kinoshita, M. Seki, K. Haga, H. Kogawa, T. Wakui, T. Naoe, Y.
Kasugai, H. Tatsumoto, T. Aso, S. Hasegawa, K. Oikawa, M. Ooi,
A. Watanabe, M. Teshigawara, S. Meigo, K. Ikezaki, A. Akutsu,
and M. Harada
Influence of Great East Japan Earthquake on Neutron Target
Station in J-PARC
Proceedings of ICANS-XX 113 (2012)
123 K. Sakai, T. Oku, T. Shinohara, H. Kira, M. Ooi, F. Maekawa,
K. Kakurai, T. Ino, Y. Arimoto, H. M. Shimizu, Y. Sakaguchi, J.
Suzuki, K. Ohoyama, and L. J. Chang
Development of polarized Xe gas target for neutron experiment at
J-PARC
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 340 012037 (2012)

224

124 K. Sakai, S. Sakamoto, H. Kinoshita, M. Seki, K. Haga, H.
Kogawa, T. Wakui, T. Naoe, Y. Kasugai, H. Tatsumoto, T. Aso,
S. Hasegawa, F. Maekawa, K. Oikawa, M. Oi, A. Watanabe, M.
Teshigawara, S. Meigo, K. Ikezaki, A. Akutsu, M. Harada, H.
Takada, and M. Futakawa
Influence of Great East Japan Earthquake on neutron source
station in J-PARC
東日本大地震の J-PARC 中性子源ステーションに対する影響
JAEA-Technology 2011-039 (2012)

Facility Report

130 S. Shamoto, M. Ishikado, S. Wakimoto, K. Kodama, R. Kajimoto,and M. Arai
Dynamical Spin Susceptibility Studied by Inelastic Neutron
Scattering on LaFeAsO1−xFx
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 340 012075 (2012)
131 T. Shikama, T. Shimokawa, S. C. Lee, T. Isono, A. Ueda, K.
Takahashi, A. Nakao, R. Kumai, H. Nakao, K. Kobayashi, Y.
Murakami, M. Kimata, H. Tajima, K. Matsubayashi, Y. Uwatoko, Y.
Nishio, K. Kajita, and H. Mori
Magnetism and Pressure-Induced Superconductivity of
Checkerboard-Type Charge-Ordered Molecular Conductor
β -(meso-DMBEDT-TTF)2X (X = PF6 and AsF6)
Crystals 2 1502 (2012)132 H. Shimakura, Y. Kawakita, Y. Inamura, T. Kikuchi, H. Ueno, M.
Nakamura, K. Nakajima, S. Ohira-Kawamura, K. Shibata, M. Arai,and S. Takeda
Quasi-elastic neutron scattering of dense molecular liquid
selenium bromide
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 340 012080 (2012)
133 K. Shimomura, P. Bakule, F. L. Pratt, K. Ishida, K. Ohishi, I.
Watanabe, Y. Matsuda, K. Nagamine, E. Torikai, and K. Nishiyama
Photo Detachment of Negatively Charged Muonium in GaAs by
Laser Irradiation
Physics Procedia 30 224 (2012)
134 M. Shiotsu, H. Kobayashi, T. Takegami, Y. Shirai, H. Tatsumoto, K.
Hata, H. Kobayashi, Y. Naruo, and Y. Inatani

Transient heat transfer from a horizontal flat plate in a pool ofliquid hydrogen
Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, AIP Conf. Proc. 1434 1059
(2012)
135 M. Shiotsu, T. Takegami, K. Hikawa, Y. Shirai, H. Tatsumoto, K.
Hata, H. Kobayashi, Y. Naruo, and Y. Inatani
Heat Transfer Characteristic Test of Forced Flow Supercritical
Hydrogen for Superconductor Cooling
Proceeding of ICEC24-ICMC2012 165 (2012)136 Y. Shirai, M. Shiotsu, H. Kobayashi, T. Takegami, H. Tatsumoto, K.
Hata, H. Kobayashi, Y. Naruo, Y. Inatani, and K. Kinoshita
DNB heat flux in forced flow of subcooled liquid hydrogen underpressures
Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, AIP Conf. Proc. 1434 1067
(2012)
137 P. Strasser, H. Fujimori, K. Koseki, Y. Hori, H. Matsumoto, K.
Shimomura, A. Koda, N. Kawamura, S. Makimura, M. Kato, Y.
Kobayashi, W. Higemoto, T. U. Ito, K. Ninomiya, K. Kojima, R.
Kadono, K. Nishiyama, and Y. Miyake
New Muon Kicker System for the Decay Muon Beamline at J-PARC
Physics Procedia 30 65 (2012)
138 C. Su, C. Chen, M. Lin, H. Chen, H. Iwase, S. Koizumi, and T.
Hashimoto
Nucleosome-like Structure from Dendrimer-Induced DNA Compaction
Macromolecules 45 5208 (2012)
139 Y. H. Su, Y. Tomota, S. Harjo, and Y. Adachi
Deformation-induced grain coalescence in an electrodeposited
pure iron sheet studied by in situ neutron diffraction and electronbackscatter diffraction
Acta Materialia 60 3393 (2012)
140 J. Sugiyama, M. Månsson, K. Kamazawa, M. Harada, O. Ofer,
D. Andreica, A. Amato, J. H. Brewer, E. J. Ansaldo, H. Ohta, C.
Michioka, and K. Yoshimura
Successive Magnetic Transitions in RECoAsO
Physics Procedia 30 262 (2012)
141 J. Sugiyama, K. Mukai, H. Nozaki, M. Harada, K. Kamazawa, Y.
Ikedo, M. Månsson, O. Ofer, E. J. Ansaldo, J. H. Brewer, K. H.
Chow, I. Watanabe, Y. Miyake, and T. Ohzuku
Lithium Diffusion in Lithium-Transition-Metal Oxides Detected by+
μ SR
Physics Procedia 30 105 (2012)
142 J. Sugiyama, H. Nozaki, M. Harada, K. Kamazawa, Y. Ikedo, Y.
Miyake, O. Oren, M. Månsson, E. J. Ansaldo, K. H. Chow, G.
Kobayashi, and R. Kanno
Diffusive behavior in LiMPO4 with M=Fe, Co, Ni probed by muonspin relaxation
Physical Review B 85 054111 (2012)
143 J. Sugiyama, H. Nozaki, K. Kamazawa, O. Ofer, M. Månsson, E.
J. Ansaldo, J. H. Brewer, K. H. Chow, I. Watanabe, Y. Ikedo, Y.
Miyake, G. Kobayashi, and R. Kanno
Magnetic and Diffusive Nature of LiFePO4
Physics Procedia 30 190 (2012)

Prebending effect on three-dimensional strain in CuNb/(Nb, Ti)3Sn
wires under a tensile load
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 22 6000204 (2012)
146 K. Takahashi, H. Oguro, G. Nishijima, S. Awaji, K. Watanabe, S.
Harjo, and K. Aizawa
Axial and lateral lattice strain states under a tensile load in asreacted and prebent CuNb/Nb3Sn wires using neutron diffraction
Journal of Applied Physics 111 043908 (2012)
147 M. Takeda
Structural analysis of interfaces in thin films using neutron reflectometry
Journal of the Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging 15 492(2012)
148 M. Takeda, J. Suzuki, T. Akiya, and H. Kato
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Measurements of the Averaged
Internal Structures in Neodymium-Iron-Boron (Nd-Fe-B) Sintered
Magnets
Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 76 165 (2012)
149 M. Takeda and D. Yamazaki
Polarized neutron reflectometer SHARAKU (BL17) at J-PARC
SHIKI 16 4 (2012)
150 M. Takeda, D. Yamazaki, K. Soyama, R. Maruyama, H. Hayashida,
H. Asaoka, T. Yamazaki, M. Kubota, K. Aizawa, M. Arai, Y.
Inamura, T. Itoh, K. Kaneko, T. Nakamura, K. Oikawa, T. Ohhara,
Y. Sakaguchi, K. Sakasai, T. Shinohara, J. Suzuki, K. Suzuya, I.
Tamura, K. Toh, H. Yamagishi, N. Yoshida, and T. Hirano
Current Status of a New Polarized Neutron Reflectometer at the
Intense Pulsed Neutron Source of the Materials and Life Science
Experimental Facility (MLF) of J-PARC
Chinese Journal of Physics 50 161 (2012)
151 A. Takemori, S. Saijo, S. Suzuki, S. Miyasaka, S. Tajima, A.
Nakao, H. Nakao, R. Kumai, and Y. Murakami
Correlation between Tc and Transport Properties in PrFeP1-xAsxO0.9F0.1
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81 SB043 (2012)
152 I. Tamura, K. Oikawa, T. Kawasaki, T. Ohhara, K. Kaneko, R.
Kiyanagi, H. Kimura, M. Takahashi, T. Kiyotani, M. Arai, Y. Noda,
and K. Ohshima
Current status of a time-of-flight single crystal neutron
diffractometer SENJU at J-PARC
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 340 012040 (2012)
153 H. Tatsumoto, T. Aso, K. Ohtsu, H. Sakurayama, Y. Kawakami,
and M. Futakawa
Dynamic behavior of the cryogenic hydrogen system using only aheater control
Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, AIP Conf. Proc. 1434 391(2012)
154 H. Tatsumoto, T. Aso, K. Ohtsu, T. Uehara, H. Sakurayama, Y.
Kawakami, T. Kato, and M. Futakawa
Design of a compact type cryogenic accumulator to mitigate apressure fluctuation caused by a sudden KW-order heat load
Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, AIP Conf. Proc. 1434 368(2012)

144 K. Takahashi, H. Oguro, S. Awaji, K. Watanabe, S. Harjo, and K.
AizawaStrain measurements by neutron diffraction on Nb3Sn cable withstainless steel reinforcement strands
Superconductor Science and Technology 25 054001 (2012)

155 H. Tatsumoto, Y. Shirai, M. Shiotsu, K. Hata, Y. Naruo, H.
Kobayashi, Y. Inatani, and K. Kinoshita
Forced convection heat transfer of subcooled liquid hydrogen inhorizontal tubes
Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, AIP Conf. Proc. 1434 747(2012)

145 K. Takahashi, H. Oguro, S. Awaji, K. Watanabe, S. Harjo, K.
Aizawa, S. Machiya, H. Suzuki, and K. Osamura

156 H. Tatsumoto, Y. Shirai, M. Shiotsu, K. Hata, Y. Naruo, H.
Kobayashi, Y. Inatani, and N. Narita

Facility Report225Effect of a Heated Pipe Length on DNB Heat Flux in Forced Flowof Liquid Hydrogen
Proceeding of ICEC24-ICMC2012 157 (2012)
157 M. Teshigawara, M. Harada, M. Ooi, T. Kai, F. Maekawa, and M.
Futakawa
Development of invar joint for hydrogen transfer line in JSNS
Journal of Nuclear Materials 431 212 (2012)

168 T. Yamazaki, H. Asaoka, T. Taguchi, S. Yamamoto, D. Yamazaki, R.
Maruyama, M. Takeda, and S. Shamoto
Analysis of buried heterointerfacial hydrogen in highly latticemismatched epitaxy on siliconThin Solid Films 520 3300 (2012)

158 M. Teshigawara, M. Harada, M. Ooi, T. kai, F. Maekawa, and M.
Futakawa
R&D on 2nd moderator fabrication for JSNS
Proceedings of ICANS-XX 326 (2012)

169 S. Yano, J. Akimitsu, S. Itoh, T. Yokoo, S. Satoh, D. Kawana, and Y.
Endoh
Magnetic excitations in MnPJournal of Physics: Conference Series 391 012113 (2012)

159 M. Teshigawara, H. Kinoshita, T. Wakui, S. Meigo, M. Seki, M.
Harada, M. Ito, T. Suzuki, K. Ikezaki, F. Maekawa, M. Futakawa, K.
Sato, T. Tajima, and T. Nakazawa
Maintenance of Used Components in Spallation Neutron Source-Moderator・Reflector and Proton Beam Window核破砕中性子源使用済み機器の保守―モデレータ・反射体、陽子ビーム窓―
JAEA-Technology 2012-024 (2012)170 H. Yashima, Y. Kasugai, N. Matsuda, H. Matsumura, S. Sekimoto,
A. Toyoda, H. Iwase, N. Mokhov, A. Leveling, D. Boehnlein, K.
Vaziri, K. Oishi, H. Nakashima, and Y. Sakamoto
Spatial Distribution Measurement of Neutrons Produced by 120GeV Proton Beam in Concrete Shield
Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology 3 40 (2012)

160 K. Toh, T. Nakamura, K, Sakasai, K. Soyama, H. Yamagishi
Development of Gas-Based 2-Dimensional Neutron Detector with
Individual Line Readout and Optical Signal Transmission System
2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging
Conference Record 153 (2012)
161 K. Toh, T. Nakamura, K. Sakasai, K. Soyama, and H. Yamagishi
Improved micro-pixel detector element for neutron measurement
under high pressure
Journal of Instrumentation 7 C01025 (2012)
162 M. Tomita, M. Muralidhar, K. Suzuki, A. Ishihara, Y. Fukumoto, K.
Osamura, S. Machiya, and S. Harjo
N o n - d e s t r u c t i v e m a g n e t o - s t r a i n a n a l y s i s o f Y B 2C u 3O ysuperconducting magnets using neutron diffraction in the time-offlight mode
Journal of Applied Physics 112 063923 (2012)
163 K. Tomiyasu, M. Matsuura, H. Kimura, K. Iwasa, K. Ohoyama, T.
Yokoo, S. Itoh, E. Kudoh, T. Sato, and M. Fujita
Modified cross-correlation for efficient white-beam inelastic
neutron scattering spectroscopy
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 677 89(2012)
164 Y. Ueda, A. Nakao, H. Nakao, and Y. Ohta
Ferromagnetic Metal-Insulator Transition : Peierls Mechanism for
Spinless Fermions (Current Topics)
強磁性金属絶縁体転移：完全スピン分極した電子系のパイエルス転移（最近の研究から）
BUTSURI / 日本物理学会誌 67 571 (2012)
165 T. Wakui, T. Naoe, M. Teshigawara, H. Kogawa, K. Haga, and M.
Futakawa
First trial for post irradiation examination on the JSNS target
Proceedings of ICANS-XX 353 (2012)
166 J. M. Wikberg, M. Månsson, M. Dahbi, K. Kamazawa, and J.
Sugiyama
Magnetic Order and Frustrated Dynamics in Li (Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2:
A Study by μ +SR and SQUID Magnetometry
Physics Procedia 30 202 (2012)
167 H. Yamagishi, T. Toh, T. Nakamura, K. Sakai, and K. Soyama
A Low Noise ASIC for Two Dimensional Neutron Gas Detector
with Performance of High Spatial Resolution (Contract Research)
高分解能二次元ガス型中性子検出器用低雑音 ASIC の設計と226

性能評価（委託研究）
JAEA-Research 2011-051 (2012)

Facility Report

171 M. Yashima, H. Yamada, S. Nuansaeng, and T. Ishihara
Role of Ga3+ and Cu2+ in the High Interstitial Oxide-Ion Diffusivityof Pr 2NiO 4-based Oxides: Design Concept of Interstitial Ion
Conductors through the Higher-Valence d10 Dopant and JahnTeller EffectChemistry of Materials 24 4100 (2012)
172 T. Yokoo, S. Itoh, F. Trouw, A. Llobet-Megias, and J. Akimitsu
Magnetic excitations in possible spin-Peierls system TiOBr
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 400 032123 (2012)
173 K. Yokoyama, K. Nagamine, K. Shimomura, H.W.K. Tom, R.
Kawakami, P. Bakule, Y. Matsuda, K. Ishida, K. Ohishi, F.L. Pratt, I.
Shiraki, and E. Torikai
Detection of Conduction Electron Spin Polarization in n-GaAs by
Negative Muonium
Physics Procedia 30 231 (2012)
174 T. Yokoyama, M. Mizuguchi, Y. Nabeshima, K. Kusaka, T.
Yamada, T. Hosoya, T. Ohhara, K. Kurihara, K. Tomoyori, I.
Tanaka, and N. Niimura
Hydrogen-bond network and pH sensitivity in transthyretin:
Neutron crystal structure of human transthyretin
Journal of Structural Biology 177 283 (2012)
175 M. Yoshimoto, K. Yamamoto, P. K. Saha, S. Meigo, H. Hotchi, N.
Hayashi, K. Okabe, and M. Kinsho
Development of the beam halo monitor in the J-PARC 3-GeV RCS
Proceedings of IPAC2012 2122 (2012)
176 T. Yoshimura, T. Kusano, H. Iwase, M. Shibayama, T. Ogawa, andH. Kurata
Star-Shaped Trimeric Quaternary Ammonium Bromide Surfactants:
Adsorption and Aggregation Properties
Langmuir 28 9322 (2012)
177 I. M. Vishik, M. Hashimoto, R.-H He, W. S. Lee, F. Schmitt, D.
H. Lu, R. G. Moore, C. Zhang, W. Meevasana, T. Sasagawa, S.
Uchida, K. Fujita, S. Ishida, M. Ishikado, Y. Yoshida, H. Eisaki, Z.
Hussain, T. P. Devereaux, and Z. -X. Shen
Phase competition in trisected superconducting dome
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 109 18332 (2012)

Editorial Board - MLF Annual Report 2012

Chief Editor

Kaoru Sakasai
Neutron Instrumentation Section

Shin-ichiro Meigo

Hideki Tatsumoto

Neutron Source Section

Neutron Source Section

Mitsutaka Nakamura

Kaoru Shibata

Neutron Science Section

Neutron Science Section

Takashi Ino

Kenji M. Kojima

Neutron Science Section

Muon Science Section

Toshiki Asai

Garry ForanCROSS-TokaiCROSS-Tokai

Taketo Moyoshi

Yoshifumi Sakaguchi

CROSS-TokaiCROSS-Tokai

MLF 2012

227

MLF Annual Report 2012

J-PARC 13-03
KEK Progress Report 2013-4

Materials and Life Science Division
J-PARC Center

Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan

http://j-parc.jp/MatLife/en/index.html

Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society
http://www.cross-tokai.jp/