JAERI-Conf 95-021

PB53

Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator ProjectbyHyogo Prefectural Government
Akifumi ITANO, Shiro HIDAKA, Akio HIGASHI, Yasuo HIRAO*, Yoshio HISHIKAWA,Sadayoshi HUKUMOTO**, Kyoichi ISHIDA, Tatsuaki KANAI*, Hiroshi KARASHIMA, Michihisa KATO,Kiyomitsu KAWACHI*, Akira MIZOBUCHI***, Akira NODA ****and Satoru YAMADA*
Public Health and Environment Department, Hyogo Prefectural Government
10-1 Shimoyamatedori, 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo-ken 650, JAPAN*National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 9-1 Anagawa, 4-Chome, lnage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba-ken 263, JAPAN**National Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Oho 1-1, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305, JAPAN***Institute for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 2-1 Midori-cho, 2-chome, Tanashi-shi, Tokyo 188, JAPAN****Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokanoshou, Uji-shi, Kyoto-fu 611, JAPANAbstract
A project to construct a heavy ion medicalaccelerator facility for cancer therapy in five
years is expected to start from 1996 by Hyogo
prefectural government. The site will be locatednear SPring-S synchrotron radiation facility inHarima Science Garden City, about 75 km northwest of Kobe city, Japan. Beam particles include
proton, helium and carbon. Beam energy ranges
are 70 - 230 MeV/u for proton and helium, and70 - 320 MeV/u for carbon. The beam intensities
are required to satisfy the dose rate of 5 Gy/min.
for treatment volumes of 15 cmcp field size andof fully extended spread out Bragg peak (SOBP)
over the maximum beam range. The facility will
have a horizontal line, a vertical line and anoblique (45°) line for proton, helium and carbon
beams, and two isocentric gantry lines forproton beam.

Hyogo prefectural government have been engaged in aconstruction of Harima Science Garden City, which has
about 2000 ha surface and is located about 75 km northwest of Kobe city. The location is shown in Fig. 1. A
synchrotron rndiation facility SPring-8 and a charged
particle therapy facility had been planned as the major
facilities in the city. The SPring-8 is now underconstruction by the Institute of Physical and Chemical
Research (RIKEN) and the Japan Atomic Energy
Research Institute (JAERI) of the Science andTechnology Agency (STA). As a Heavy Ion Medical
Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) of the National Instituteof Radiological Sciences (NIRS) was commissioned [1][3] and the clinical trials were successfully started [4]from June in 1994, the Hyogo prefectural government

has decided to start the construction of a charged particle
therapy facility. This is the first charged particle therapy
facility in Japan that is constructed by a non-national but
a prefectural government level. This year a basic design
study of the facility starts under a financial support by thegovernment.
Beam particles include proton, helium and carbon.
Beam energy ranges are 70 - 230 MeV/u for proton andhelium, and 70 - 320 MeV/u for carbon. The beam
intensities are required to satisfy the oose rate of 5Gy/min. for treatment volumes of 15 cmcp field size andof fully extended spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) over themaximum beam range. The facility consists of injector,synchrotron, high energy beam transport lines andtreatment system. The injector has two 10 GHz ECR ion
sources with 35 keV/u output energy, 1 MeV/u RFQ
linac, two-staged Alvarez linacs and debuncher. The firststage linac accelerates proton, helium and carbon up to 5
MeV/u. The second stage Iinac accelerates only proton
from 5 MeV up to 10 MeV. Operation If frequency of thelinacs is 200 MHz. Synchrotron ring is of a separatedfunction type with a strong FODO structure and its superperiodicity is 6. Maximum rigidity of the ring is 5.58
Tm. The beam is extracted by the third-order resonancescheme.. The beam transport system will have ahorizontal line, a vertical line and an oblique (45") line
for proton, helium and carbon beams, and two isocentric
gantry lines for proton beam. One of the gantry lines isfor future extension. One beam line for physical and'or
biological experiments is also anticipated Table I
summarizes the clinical requirement and physicalspecifications of the charged particle beams.
From the results of the basic design, somereconsideration of the requirements on beam intensities
and field size may be <bne to bring about a simpler andmore compact design of the facility. Some options for-398-JAERI-Conf 95-021

future extensions and upgrad:s will be studied
Compensation of a tune shift due to the spare charge
effect during multi-tum injection, irradiation synchronizedwith patient's breathing, beam spill control to have a flat
beam structure in time, energy variability during one
treatment and raster scanning system are anticipated In
the next year a d:tailed d:sign study of the accelerator andthe buildings will start.
Clinical trials are expected to start in the year 2001.
The project will be executed in close collaboration withNIRS. Medical imaging using the synchrotron radiation
light from SPring-8 for the diagnosis is anticipated
Table II shows the time schedule of the construction.
This schedule has one year dclay from an initial one [5]because of an earthquake in Kobe area on January 1995.

Table I
Clinical Requirement and Physical Specifications ofCharged Particle Beams.
Particles
Energy Range

Proton, Helium and Carbon
70-230 MeV/u for p & He
70-320 MeV/u for C

Beam Intensity

7.2 x 1010 pps for p
1.8 x 1010 pps for He

Dose Rate

Beam Range
Field homogeneity
Field size

JAPANHarima

Displacement of beam axis
Irradiation rooms

Beam spill length
Repetition rate

Science

Hyogo Charged
SPring-8

1.2 x 109 pps for C
5 Gy/min for treatment
volumes of 15 cmcj> fieldsize and of fully extended
Spread Out Bragg Peak(SOBP)
40 - 300 mm for p and He
13 - 200 mm for C± 2% (over treatment field)
30 em x 15 em bymagnetic wobbling
15 em x 15 em by double
scattering method
15 em x 15 em for gantry± 2 mm (from isocentre)
One horizontal line
One vertical line
One oblique line (45°)
Two gantries for proton
400ms
0.5 Hz for He and C
1 Hz for proton

References[1] S. Yamada, "HIMAC Accelerator-- Performance andFeature.", Proceedings of NIRS International Seminar on
the Application of Heavy Ion Accelerator to Radiation
Therapy of Cancer in connection with XXI PTCOG
Meeting, Editor T. Kanai and E. Takada, NIRS, Chiba,Japan, November 1994, NIRS-M-103 andHIMAC-008.
[2] K.Sato et cd., "Performance of HIMAC", Nucl. Phy.

NIRS

••

Fig. 1. ·Location of the Harima science garden
city in Hyogo prefecture.

A588( 1995)229c-234c.
[3] S. Yam<Kh et cd., "Present status of the medical
accelerator HIMAC." These proceedings.
[4] H. Tsujii, "Commencing heavy-ion clinical trial at
HIMAC. ", Proceedings of NIRS International Seminaron the Application of Heavy Ion Accelerator to Radiation
Therapy of Cancer in connection with XXI PTCOG-399-JAERI-Conf 95-021

Meeting, Editor T. Kanai and E. Tak:ada, NIRS, Chiba,Japan, November 1994, NIRS-M-103 andHIMAC-008.

[5] A.Itano et al., "Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator Projectby Hyogo Prefecture Government.", ibid.

Table IIConstruction Time ScheduleofHyogo Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator Project.
Budget year

Accelerator,
beam delivery
andinstrumentation

Accelerator building
andconventional plants

Hospital

Service utilitiy(hotel,dwelling)

DesignDesign1995
Basic design1996

1997Detailed designandConstruction
Construction

DesignConstruction

1998

Construction
Construction

1999
Installation

Commissioning
Commissioning

2000

Commissioning
Commssioning

2001

Pre-test
Clinical trial

Routine Beam Operation-400-