Preparing a one column paper with MS-Word for Windows
L. Peters & R. de Vries
A.A. Balkema Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands

B. Unknown
New Institute, Gouda, The Netherlands

ABSTRACT: Authors of papers to proceedings have to type these in a form suitable fordirect photographic or digital reproduction by the publisher. In order to ensure uniform stylethroughout the volume, all the papers have to be prepared strictly according to the instructions
set below. A laser printer should be used to print the text. The final out-put of this document
will be reduced to 85% by the publisher and will be printed by him in black only. For theconvenience of the authors a template file for MS Word 6.0 (and higher) is provided.
1 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1.1 Type area
The text should fit exactly into the type area (150 × 240 mm). For A4 size paper the margin settings are: Top: 2.5 cm; Bottom: 3.0 cm; Left: 3.0 cm; Right: 3.0 cm; and all other settings 0.00cm (template file: B1ProcA4.dot). For Letter size paper these settings are: Top: 0.69"; Bottom:0.79"; Left: 1.29"; Right: 1.29"; and all other settings 0.00" (template file: B1ProcLe.dot).
1.2 Typefont, typesize and spacing
Use Times New Roman, point-size 11 and 12 points line spacing (Standard;text tag). Use romantype except for the headings (Heading tags), parameters in mathematics (not for log, sin, cos, ln,max., d (in dx), etc), Latin names of species and genera in botany and zoology and the titles ofjournals and books which should all be in italics. Never use bold, except to denote vectors inmathematics. Never underline any text. Use the small font (10 points on 11 points) for tables(Table tags), figure captions (Figure caption tag) and the references (Reference text tag). Neveruse letter spacing and never use more than one space after each other.
2 GETTING STARTED
2.1 The template file
Copy the template file B1ProcA4.dot (if you print on A4 size paper) or B1ProcLe.dot (for Lettersize paper) to the template directory. This directory can be found by selecting the Tools menu,Options and then by tabbing the File Locations. When the Word programme has been started open
the File menu and choose New. Now select the template B1ProcA4.dot or B1ProcLe.dot (seeabove). Now start by renaming the document by clicking Save As in the menu Files.
2.2 Title, author and affiliation frame
Place the cursor on the T of Title at the top of your newly named file and type the title of thepaper in lower case (no caps except for proper names). The title should not be longer than 75

characters) . Delete the word Title (do not delete the paragraph end).
Place the cursor on the A of A.B. Author(s) and type the name of the first author (first the initials and then the last name). If any of the co-authors have the same affiliation as the first author, add his name after an & (or a comma if more names follow). Delete the words
A.B.
Author etc. and place the cursor on the A of Affiliation. Type the correct affiliation; Name of
the institute, City, State/Province, Country, do not add street names, P.O. Box numbers or zip
codes to the affiliations. Now delete the word Affiliation. If there are authors linked to other institutes, place the cursor at the end of the affiliation line just typed and give a return. Now typethe name(s) of the author(s) and after a return the affiliation. Repeat this procedure until all affiliations have been typed.
All the above texts should fit in the frame which should not be changed (Width: Exactly 15.0
cm or 5,91"; Height: Exactly 7.2 cm or 2.79"; Lock anchor).
2.3 Abstract frame
If there are no further authors place the cursor one space behind the word ABSTRACT: andtype your abstract of not more than 150 words. The first line of the abstract will be 7.2 cm(2.83") from the top. The complete abstract will fall in the abstract frame, the settings of whichshould also not be changed (width: Exactly 15.0 cm or 5.91"; height: Automatic; vertical: 7.2
cm or 2.83" from margin; Lock anchor).
2.4 First line of text or heading
If your text starts with a heading, place the cursor on the I of INTRODUCTION and type thecorrect text for the heading. Now delete the word INTRODUCTION and start with the text after a return. This text should have the tag First paragraph.
If your text starts without a heading you should place the cursor on the I of INTRODUCTION, change the tag to First paragraph and type your text after deleting the word INTRODUCTION, but not the return at the end.
3 LAYOUT OF TEXT
3.1 Text and indenting
All text, figures, tables, etc. should fit exactly in the type area of 15 × 24 cm (5.91" × 9.52"). All
text should be typed in Times New Roman. All text is 11 pt on 12 pt line spacing except for thepaper title (16 pt on 18 pt), author(s) (12 pt on 13 pt), affiliation(s) (10 pt on 11 pt) and thesmall text in tables, captions and references (10 pt on 11 pt). All line spacing is exact. Never add
a line space between lines or paragraphs.
First lines of paragraphs are indented 4 mm (0.16") except for paragraphs after a heading or a
blank line (First paragraph tag). Equations are indented 12 mm (0.47") (Formula tag).
3.2 Headings
Type primary headings in capital letters roman (Heading 1 tag) and secondary and tertiary
headings in lower case italics (Headings 2 and 3 tags). Headings are set flush against the left
margin. The tag will give two blank lines (24 pt) above and one (12 pt) beneath the primary
Table
1. Margin settings for A4 size paper and letter size paper.
_______________________________________________________________
Setting

A4
size paper________________

Lettersize paper________________cm
inchescm
inches_______________________________________________________________
Top
2.5
0.98"
1.75
0.69"
Bottom3.0
1.18"2.01
0.79"
Left
3.0
1.18"
3.28
1.29"
Right
3.0
1.18"
3.28
1.29"
All other
0.0
0.0"
0.00.0"_______________________________________________________________

headings, 1½ blank lines (18 pt) above and a ½ blank line (6 pt) beneath the secondary headings
and one blank line (12 pt) above the tertiary headings. Headings are not indented and neither are
the first lines of text following the heading indented. If a primary heading is directly followed
by a secondary heading, only a ½ blank line should be set between the two headings. In theWord programme this has to be done manually as follows: Place the cursor on the primary heading, select Paragraph in the Format menu, and change the setting for spacing after, from 12 pt to0 pt. In the same way the setting in the secondary heading for spacing before should be changed
from 18 pt to 6 pt.
3.3 Listing and numbering
When listing facts use either the style tag List summary signs or the style tag List number signs.
3.4 Equations
Use the equation editor of the selected word processing programme. Equations are indented 12mm (0.47") from the left margin (Formula tag). Number equations consecutively and place thenumber with the tab key at the end of the line, between parantheses. Refer to equations by thesenumbers. See for example Equation 1 below:
From the above we note that sin θ = (x + y)z or:⎛⎞R2τ
⎟ kK t = ⎜1 −⎝ c a + ν tan δ ⎠ 1
4(1)where ca = interface adhesion; δ = friction angle at interface; and k1 = shear stiffness number.
The inline equations (equations within a sentence) in the text will automatically be converted
to the AMS notation standard.
3.5 Tables
Locate tables close to the first reference to them in the text and number them consecutively.
Avoid abbreviations in column headings. Indicate units in the line immediately below the heading. Explanations should be given at the foot of the table, not within the table itself. Use only
horizontal rules: One above and one below the column headings and one at the foot of the table(Table rule tag: Use the Shift-minus key to actually type the rule exactly where you want it). Forsimple tables use the tab key and not the table option. Type all text in tables in small type (Tabletext tag). Align all headings to the left of their column and start these headings with an initialcapital. Type the caption above the table to the same width as the table (Table caption tag). Seefor example Table 2.
3.6 Figure captions
Always use the Figure caption style tag (10 points size on 11 points line space). Place thecaption underneath the figure (see Section 5). Type as follows: ‘Figure 1. Caption.’ Leave about
two lines of space between the figure caption and the text of the paper.
Table
2. The number of officially reported plaque cases in the world.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Region*
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
_____________________________________________________________________________
AfricaAmerica
Asia

172
392
4395

27
326
4111

85
301
2312

128
297
1408

183
321
2230

77
142
518

Total
4959
4464
2698
1833
2734
737
_____________________________________________________________________________*For Europe only one imported case in 1970.

3.7 References
In the text, place the authors’ last names (without initials) and the date of publication in parentheses (see examples in Section 7). At the end of the paper, list all references in alphabetical order underneath the heading REFERENCES (Heading without number tag). The references
should be typed in small text (10 pt on 11 pt) and second and further lines should be indented
4.0 mm (Reference text tag). If several works by the same author are cited, entries should bechronological:
Larch, A.A. 1996a. Development ...
Larch, A.A. 1996b. Facilities ...
Larch, A.A. 1997. Computer ...
Larch, A.A. & Jensen, M.C. 1996. Effects of ...
Larch, A.A. & Smith, B.P. 1993. Alpine ...

3.7.1 In bibliographies the order for books and journals are respectively:
Last name, First name or Initials (ed.) year. Book title. City: Publisher.
Last name, First name or Initials year. Title of article. Title of Journal (series number if necessary) volume number (issue number if necessary): page numbers.

3.7.2 Examples:
Grove, A.T. 1980. Geomorphic evolution of the Sahara and the Nile. In M.A.J. Williams & H. Faure(eds), The Sahara and the Nile: 21–35. Rotterdam: Balkema.
Jappelli, R. & Marconi, N. 1997. Recommendations and prejudices in the realm of foundation engineering in Italy: A historical review. In Carlo Viggiani (ed.), Geotechnical engineering for the preservation of monuments and historical sites; Proc. intern. symp., Napoli, 3–4 October 1996. Rotterdam:Balkema.
Johnson, H.L. 1965. Artistic development in autistic children. Child Development 65(1): 13–16.
Polhill, R.M. 1982. Crotalaria in Africa and Madagascar. Rotterdam: Balkema.

3.8 Notes
These should be avoided. Insert the information in the text. In tables the following referencemarks should be used: *, **, etc. and the actual footnotes are set directly underneath the table.
3.9 Conclusions
Conclusions should state concisely the most important propositions of the paper as well as theauthor’s views of the practical implications of the results.
4 PHOTOGRAPHS AND FIGURESNumber figures consecutively in the order in which reference is made to them in the text, making no distinction between diagrams and photographs. Figures should fit within the type area
width of 150 mm (5.91").
Figures, photographs, etc. can be in black/white or full color, but will be produced in thebook as black/white only. Paste same size copies onto the typescript where you want them toappear in the text. Do not place them sideways on a page; however if this cannot be avoided, noother text (except the figure caption) should appear on that page. Figures, etc. should not be centered, but placed against the left margin. Leave about two lines of space between the actual textand figure (including caption). Never place any text next to a figure. Leave this space blank.
The most convenient place for placing figures is at the top or bottom of the page. Avoid placing
text between figures as readers might not notice the text. The minimum size of the lettering
should be 9 point. Lines should preferably be 0.2 mm (0.1") thick. Keep figures as simple aspossible. Avoid excessive notes and designations.
Photographs should be with good contrast and on glossy paper. Photographic reproductions
cut from books or journals, photocopies of photographs and screened photographs are unacceptable. We prefer to receive the original figure files imported in the Word document and as separate EPS or TIFF files. Technical specifications can be found in the Artwork document.

anelastic strainσcrack closure

cracking

stiffness decrease
under compression

εσf

stiffness decreasein tension
crack closure

compressive
yielding point

Figure 1. Caption of a typical figure. Photographs will be scannedby the printer. Always supply original photographs.

5 PREFERENCES, SYMBOLS AND UNITS
Consistency of style is very important. Note the spacing, punctuation and caps in all the examples below.
− References in the text: Figure 1, Figures 2–4, 6, 8a, b (not abbreviated)− References between parentheses: (Fig. 1), (Figs 2–4, 6, 8a, b) (abbreviated)− USA / UK / The Netherlands instead of U.S.A. / U.K. / Netherlands / the Netherlands− Author & Author (1989) instead of Author and Author (1989)− (Author 1989a, b, Author & Author 1987) instead of (Author, 1989a,b; Author and Author,1987)− (Author et al. 1989) instead of (Author, Author & Author 1989)− Use the following style: (Author, in press); (Author, in prep.); (Author, unpubl.); (Author,pers. comm.)
Always use the official SI notations:− kg / m / kJ / cm instead of kg. (Kg) / m. / kJ. (KJ) / cm.;
− 20°16′32′′SW instead of 20° 16′ 32′′ SW− 0.50 instead of 0,50 (used in French text); 9000 instead of 9,000 but if more than 10,000:
10,000 instead of 10000− 14C instead of C14 / C-14 and BP / BC / AD instead of B.P. / B.C. / A.D.
− 20 instead of ×20 / X20 / x 20; 4 + 5 > 7 instead of 4+5>7 but –8 / +8 instead of – 8 / + 8− e.g. / i.e. instead of e.g., / i.e.,
6 SUBMISSION OF MATERIAL TO THE EDITOR
The camera-ready copy of the complete paper printed on a high resolution printer on one side of
the paper as well as two copies of the paper should be sent to the editor. Include the original
photographs. Check whether the paper looks the same as this sample: Title at top of first page in
16 points, all other text in 11 points on 12 points line space, except for the small text (10 pointon 11 point line space) used for the affiliations of the authors, and in tables, captions and references. Also check if the type width is 150 mm and the page length is 240 mm. Write your nameand the short title of the paper in pencil in the bottom margin of each page and number thepages correctly. This material should be with the editor before the deadline for submission. Anymaterial received too late will not be published. Send the material by airmail or by courier well

packed and in time. Be sure that all pages are included in the parcel.