Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology
The Authors' Guide ver. 4.1.5

1. INTRODUCTION
The Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, JACT, is committed to serving the diverse needs ofauthors. Modern equipment supporting the electronic media will allow a substantial reduction inprocessing and publication time. Nevertheless, the Editorial Board can only deliver such smooth andfast processing services to those authors who follow the instructions rigorously in this guide. The
recommendations in this guide follow international standards, manuals, and advice from theliterature on technical writing. By following the recommendations of this guide, the author(s) will
reduce the likelihood of a premature rejection of the article and speed up the publishing process.
The JACT offers authors a modern design, electronic reprints, online information on the processing
status of the articles, electronic archiving, and the feedback of a highly-reputed professionalorganization, the Japan Concrete Institute (JCI). The JACT will be pleased to receive contributions
from authors worldwide.
1.1 TYPES OF CONTRIBUTION
The JACT will primarily publish regular articles, i.e., original scientific papers or technical reports
on innovative or advanced techniques of the concrete industry. Articles should be original and ofclear significance in data or treatment and be supported by a consistent factual record.
Contributions submitted as a set of companion papers must be submitted together. However, they
only will be reviewed as separate articles if the JACT concludes to be the most appropriate andlogical presentation of the work. Otherwise, if the JACT determines that the work should bepresented as a single article, the manuscripts will be returned to the author(s), who may then revise
the work and resubmit it as a single article. Authors are encouraged to provide a written justification
for submitting their work as companion papers.
Invited reviews and discussions may be eventually considered for publication. Discussions mustcomply with the ethical standards for publication of the JCI.
Note that all contributions must be free of evident commercialism or private interest but must neither
neglect references to trademarks[1] nor obscure proper descriptions of products when required forthe endorsement of the subject matter.
1.2 SUBMISSION OF ARTICLES
Submission of an article implies that the work described has neither been previously published nor isunder consideration for publication elsewhere. Manuscripts based on materials available elsewhere
may be considered for publication in JACT, provided the manuscript has been extensively revised
and given new significance. The published materials, however, must be supplied with such

submission. If a previously published manuscript is considered of high significance and its
distribution has been very limited, the editor may consider the publication as a secondary
publication.
Authors are recommended to submit the manuscript using our interactive forms anduploading system (this is the fastest and safest way for submission).
If the author cannot access the Web site, please inquire to the following, or use the contact page.
Dr. S. Ohno, Editorial Secretary of JACT (e-mail to: secretary@j-act.org)
Japan Concrete Institute, Sogo-Hanzomon bldg. 12F,
1-7 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan

2. PREPARATION OF PDF FILE FOR SUBMISSION
2.1 File Format of Electronic Manuscripts
For the initial submission, an MS-Word document with a single column is a preferred format. We
proceed with the review of submitted papers with a PDF file, therefore, we need a PDF file in theinitial submission, but the Editorial Manager ( interactive forms and uploading) system can directly
convert from MS-Word documents or PostScript files to PDF files. For ease of handling themanuscript after review, we recommend using MS-word format.
For the revised or final submission, the authors need to submit the manuscript in MS-Word format
for the manuscript text, equations, tables, and artwork.

2.2 Manuscript Layout and Typescript･For Microsoft Word Files
The manuscript text should be in single-spaced, single-column format with generous margins. Usestandard font families (Times, Helvetica, Arial, or Symbol) with a 12-point size for the entire text.
Use italics for mathematical symbols (not for abbreviated names of functions such as sin, log) as
well as the title of journals and books. Use boldface for title and headings as well as to denote
vectors and matrices in mathematics. Use subscripts and superscripts for indices in mathematical andchemical symbols (dij, As, t2, f') or others when required (m2, °C). Most other formatting options suchas hyphenation and justification will have to be removed and replaced during the processing of thearticle, hence keeping the layout as simple as possible.
The artwork (figures, charts, and drawings) can be placed with a few line spaces at the preferred
position in the text part but should not be embedded in the sentences. Do not embed "graphicallydesigned" equations and tables. Equations should be prepared using MS Equation Editor

or MathType. Tables should be prepared using MS Word and use grids or tabs to separate columns
instead of spaces.

3. PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS
3.1 Manuscript Requirements
3.1.1 Length
Manuscripts should not exceed 10000 words or word equivalents in length. Lengthy contributions
may be reviewed after preliminary evaluation based on budget, journal style, relevance, andcomposition of the article. The editor will reserve the right to remove tables, charts, or any artwork
considered by the referees as unnecessary for a clear understanding of the subject. The article may be
accepted after reviewing if the length is judged adequate to succinctly treatment of the subject. In
this case, the time of publication may be longer than the usual cases.
Preferably, estimate the length of the page using automatic word counters from MS word. As a roughestimate, a page of artwork corresponds to 900 words, hence determining the length of artwork andtabular material in word-equivalents proportionally to the occupancy on a page; e.g., a figure
measuring half-page in height would be equivalent to 500 words.
Discussions and conclusions should neither include artwork nor exceed 1800 words.

3.1.2 Style
The text must be in concise English, and authors may adopt UK or US spelling but not combinationsof both. As the JACT has an international reader, which includes non-native speakers of English,
avoid colloquialisms and idioms (e.g., "connect" rather than "hook up," "system or apparatus" rather
than "set up" as well as technical terms that are used only locally (e.g., "micron" obsolete technicalslang used by some scientists and engineer to designate one-millionth of a meter by the symbol μ,replaced in the SI by micrometer, symbol μm).
Authors may write in active or passive voice but should avoid gender-specific words (midshipman,craftsman, spokesman, she, he, his) and pronouns (I, you, we, our). Gender-specific words may beunderstood as discriminatory or sexist language. The use of pronouns often results in poor or
imprecise constructions or even mildly offensive.
e.g., When you fail to make accurate measurements...
(inaccurate or mildly offensive)
When the measurements are not accurate...;(introducing the potential consequences of inaccurate measurements)
When the engineer fails to attain accurate measurements...
(draw attention to the dependency on the qualifications of the professional)
The past tense is preferred to describe the actions in the development of the project or study, whereas

the present tense is used to state the facts. For politeness, when referring to or discussing publishedworks, particularly from primary Journals, regard them as facts, i.e., in the present tense.

(1) Units:
Authors must use consistent units throughout the article and according to the International System ofUnits (SI). Only units named for a person and when abbreviated should be capitalized (e.g., Hz, Pa,
g but hertz, pascal, gram). Do not use metric prefixes such as M (Mega), m (milli), etc. when using
exponential notation ("0.556 m/s" not "5.56x10-4 km/s". Use proper abbreviations, e.g., the correctabbreviated form of "seconds" is "s" whereas "sec." means secundum in accordance with, second,section, secant). Use space between numbers and units and a dot, space, or solidus (/) between
compound units (" 2 N m", "3 kg/m3 or 3 kg m-3).

(2) Numbers:
One-digit numbers should be spelled out, except where attached to a unit of quantity (e.g., 1 mm or 3kg) or where expressions contrast or enumerate one-digit numbers with numbers of two or moredigits ("3 out of 20 specimens", "5 mortar specimens and 15 concrete specimens". Numbers of two
or more digits should be rendered in digits except where the context makes this awkward (e.g., usespelled-out forms at the beginning of a sentence).
In numbers above 10 000, spaces may be used between sets of three digits but not commas (as it is aviolation of international scientific and engineering practice and standards). The comma is thedecimal mark in many countries and also in the SI. The SI allows the decimal point to be used inpublications in English with spaces for the "Thousands" (e.g., 11 012.35).
For numbers between -1 and 1, insert a zero to the left of the decimal point to make it more difficult
for the reader to overlook the decimal point ("0.47 not .47").

(3) Quantities:
Use numbers instead of relative figures (small deformation, high stress) to present and discuss
results. Relative figures are permissible only for assessing results and summarizing conclusions.
When intended to give a reference or assessment, provide a reference value in parenthesis, e.g.,"...high temperatures (about 60 degrees C)"(4) Abbreviations:
Abbreviations may be used only when the term appears a few times in the text and should be spelled
out in full next to its first appearance, e.g., high-performance concrete (HPC) or HPC (highperformance concrete). The rule aims to prevent possible misunderstandings and redundancies, e.g.,

HPC is also found in the literature as "high-performance cement," "Helwan Portland cement,""hybridized Portland cement." HSC is usually used for "high-strength concrete" but in laboratories
also for "high-speed centrifuge." In references to the finite element method (FEM), authors often
repeat the word "method" as sentences appear not read well, e.g., "The FEM method was employed
for the analysis."
Abbreviations by initials should be typed with no full point (e.g., JSCE, JCI, HPC, FEM).
Abbreviations in which the last letter of the abbreviation is the same as the last letter of the word
should also have no full point (e.g., Mr, St, BUT no., str., etc.).

(5) Headings:
In separating articles under sections, make the headings indicative rather than explicative andpreferably to fit in one line. Use numbering for the headings but only up to three levels (ex. 1, 2-1,(2)). Do not use the bullet.

(6) Equations:
Mathematical equations should only be used where absolutely necessary and should be clear andeasily understood by engineers. Each equation must appear in a separate line and be numberedconsecutively, whether the number is necessary for cross-reference in the article or not. The number
may be useful for reference in future works and discussion of the article. If the authors conclude
eventually that the equation would have no significance for future reference, they should consider
removing the equation. Only the relevant equations should be shown in the body of the text ﾑ any
development of an equation should appear, if essential, in an appendix.

(7) Symbols:
Symbols occurring firstly in equations should be defined preferably in the margin below theequation, e.g., "...the stress field is proportional to the forcing function F(t) defined as:
(1)
where
ai : response acceleration for ith mode,
qi(t): general coordinate for ith mode."
However, if the article contains long lists of symbols accompanying mathematical developments,
they should not be presented in the body of the paper but at the end, in a Notation section containing
all symbols. In both cases, authors must provide a notation list containing all symbols on a separatepage, where is necessary to define all symbols and clarify potential ambiguities in typescripts (suchas the number one and the letter "ell," zero and "oh," "double you" and lowercase Greek omega,levels of subscripts, superscripts, and exponents, etc.).
The symbols in the Notation section and additional list are arranged with the capital letters preceding
the lower case. The Roman alphabet is followed by the Greek one.

(8) Figures:
All artwork such as graphs, diagrams, and photographs should be categorized as Figure. They musthave consecutive numbers as Figures, e.g., Fig. 1, Fig. 2, but not Photo 1, Photo 2.

(9) Tables:
Tables should read top to bottom and not left to right, and each column in a table must have aheading. Avoid abbreviations and equations, but when essential, use single-level equations (e.g., 1/(a+ b)) and define abbreviations in the legend. Footnotes are acceptable in tables but not elsewhere.

(10) Captions:
All artwork and tabular material must be identified by title with a number, followed by the
explanatory information. This material must not be lettered on the artwork(11) Acknowledgments:
For expressing thanks to individuals and organizations for any help, advice, or financial assistance,
include an Acknowledgments section after the Conclusion section. Do not make any
acknowledgments on the title page or elsewhere.

(12) Appendixes and Supplementary materials:
Appendixes: Use appendixes to record details and data of secondary importance or needed tosupport assertions in the text. Make sure the text contains references to all appendixes.
Define special symbols and other nomenclature in an Appendix. Appendices are limited to thoseessential to understanding the content of the paper.
Supplementary materials: Authors can attach various materials not included in the articles to help
the reader's understanding as Supplementary materials, and the reader can reach those materials fromthe article's bibliographic link. The supplementary materials can include experimental data, data
sources used for analysis, visualized media, etc. Please note the Supplementary materials aredifferent from the articles' content and not subject to peer review, but the Editorial office checks
whether they are acceptable for publication.

(13) Dates:
Use the day-month-year system ("16 January 1990" not "January 16, 1990".

3.1.3 Title of the Article
Some information-retrieval services rely exclusively on the title of the articles. Hence, the title
should be as short, concise, and informative as possible. It should not contain non-standard acronyms
or abbreviations and should not exceed 80 characters, including spaces. Avoid titles beginning with
"Analysis of...", "A Note on...", "Theory of...", "On the...", "Some...", "Toward a...", "Investigation
on...", "A study on...", etc. Such openings are not helpful for the reader and are useless for
information-retrieval purposes. Limit the title to words that highlight the significant content of thearticle both for understanding and retrieving purposes.

3.1.4 Authors' Name and Affiliation
Under the title of submission, type job title, full name and the affiliation of each author. Under thename of the corresponding author, type the e-mail address, the author's current affiliation, andcomplete address. Former affiliation is permissible only if the author has changed affiliation after thesubmission of the work. Changes in the number, names, and order of the authors are not possible
after submission.

3.1.5 Abstract
The abstract used in primary Journals is often referred to as informative type (rather than theindicative type) and is designed to condense the article. It should not be viewed as a part of the text
and should be complete in itself. It may be better understood as a brief description of all sections of
the article. Hence, the abstract should (1) state the principal objectives and scope of the investigationor project, (2) describe the general methodology employed, (3) summarize the results, (4) and state
the principal conclusions.
Abstracts are often used for information retrieval and therefore have a major role in promoting
articles. They should be succinctly and clearly written within a maximum of 200 words. As it should
stand alone, it must not contain abbreviations and mathematical expressions nor any specialized
terms that may not be understandable in themselves. References to other literature should be avoided,
but if essential, then they should be cited in full and not included in the reference list at the end.

3.1.6 References
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice

versa). Any references cited in the Abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personalcommunications should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. Citation of areference as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

(1) Citations in the text:
All statements, opinions, conclusions, etc., taken from another writer's work should be cited, whether
the work is directly quoted, paraphrased or summarized. Do not abbreviate titles of publications andfor Journals cite the full name or the library abbreviation of the name. Cited publications are referred
to in the text by giving the author's surname and the year of publication in one of the forms shown
below. If details of particular parts of a document are required, e.g. page numbers, they should begiven after the year within the parentheses.
+If the author's name occurs naturally in the sentence the year is given in parentheses:
e.g. In a popular study Hillerborg (1988, p.172) argued that ...
+If, however, the name does not occur naturally in the sentence, both name and year are given inparentheses:
e.g. More recent studies (Schorn 1991, 1993; Schlangen 1993) show that ...
+When an author has published more than one cited document in the same year, these are
distinguished by adding lower case letters (a, b, c, etc.) after the year and within the parentheses:
e.g. Slowik (1990b) discussed the subject ...
+If there are two authors, the surnames of both should be given:e.g. Tazawa and Miyazawa (1993) have proposed that...
+If there are more than two authors the surname of the first author only should be given, followedby et al.:e.g. Bazant et al. (2000) conclude that...
+If the author is anonymous then "Anon" should be used:
e.g. A recent article (Anon 1993) stated that...
However, if it is a reference to newspapers or magazines where no author is given, the name ofthe paper can be used in place of author or Anon whichever seems most helpful. You will need to use
the same style in the reference list so the name of the newspaper may be more helpful.
e.g. The Japan Concrete Institute (1996) stated that....
+If you refer to a source quoted in another work you cite both in the text:
e.g. A study by Neville (1960 cited Nakamura et al. 2000, p.233) showed...
(You need to place the work you have used, i.e. Jones, in the reference list.)+Short quotations of less than a line may be included in the body of the text in quotation marks. If
the quotation is longer, start a new line and indent it. Include the page number if desired.
e.g.....so "good practices must be taught" (Kim 1996, p.15) and we should...
or:Theory rises out of practice, and once validated, returns to direct or explain the practice (Stevens
1997, pp.92-93).

+Citing a Web site within the text of an assignment, give the address of the site (e.g. http://www.jact.org). To cite a document from a Web site you must follow the author-date format. In both cases
an entry will still be required in the reference list.
(2) Reference list:
A list of references contains details only of those works cited in the text. The reference list isarranged in alphabetical order of the first author on a separate page. Where an item has no author it iscited by its title, and ordered in the reference list in sequence by the first significant word of the title.
The use of the expression et al. (= et alia) to indicate multiple authorship is permissible in the text,
but not in the list of references, where all names should be given.
Each entry in the reference list should use the elements and punctuation given in the following
examples for the different types of published work you may have cited:+Reference to a book
Author's Surname, INITIALS., (Year of publication). "Title." Edition. (if not the first). Place of
publication: Publisher.
e.g. Metha, P. K. and Monteiro, P. G. M., (1993). "Concrete: Structure, properties, and methods."
2nd ed.New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

+Reference to a contribution in a book
Contributing author's Surname, INITIALS., (Year of publication). "Title of contribution." Followedby In: INITIALS. Surname, of author or editor of publication followed by Ed. or Eds (ifapplicable). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, Page number(s) of contribution.
e.g. Topping, B. H. V., (1999). "Neural networks in advanced computational problems." In: Z.
Waszczyszyn Ed. Neural Networks in the Analysis and Design of Structures. Wien: Springer-Verlag,
197-248.

+Reference to an article in a journal
Author's Surname, INITIALS., (Year of publication). "Title of article." Title of journal, Volume
number and (part number), Page numbers of contribution.
e.g., Zaitsev, Y. B. and Wittmann, F. H., (1984). "Simulation of crack propagation and failure ofconcrete." Materials and Structures, 14 (83), 357-365.

+Reference to a conference paper
Contributing author's Surname, INITIALS.,(Year of publication). "Title of contribution." Followedby In: INITIALS. Surname, of editor of conference proceedings (if applicable) followed by Ed. orEds. Title of conference proceedings including date and place of conference. Place of publication:
Publisher, Page numbers of contribution.
e.g., Springenschmid, R., (2002). "Experimental research on surface cracking of concrete." In: H.
Mihashi and F.H. Wittmann, Eds. International conference on control cracking of early age
concrete, Sendai 23-24 August 2000. Lisse: A.A. Balkema Publishers, 1-8.
+Reference to a publication from a corporate body
Name of Issuing Body, (Year of publication). "Title of publication." Place of publication: Publisher,
Report Number (where relevant).
e.g., JSCE, (1985). "Standard specification for design and construction of concrete structures."
Tokyo: Japan Society of Civil Engineers,
or RILEM, (1998). "Prevention of thermal cracking in concrete at early ages." R. Springenschmid,
Ed. London: FN Spon. RILEM report 15.

+Reference to a thesis and a report (not regularly published)
Author's Surname, INITIALS., (Year of publication). "Title of thesis." Designation, (and type).
Name of institution to which submitted.
Author's Surname, INITIALS., (Year of publication). "Title of reports." Report name, Number,
Name of institution as a publisher.
or
Author's Surname, INITIALS., (Year of publication). "Title of reports, (Report ID)." Place of
publication: Name of institution as a publisher.
e.g., Walraven, J.C., (1980). "Aggregate interlock: a theoretical and experimental analysis." Thesis(PhD). Delft University of Technology.
orGraybeal, B., (2006). "Material property characterization of ultra-high performance concrete(FHWA-HRT-06-103)." McLean, Virginia: US Federal Highway Administration.
+Reference to a code or a standard
Abbreviation of Standard Institution, (Year of publication). "Title of code, (Standard name)."Standard Institution, Place of publication: Publisher.
e.g., ASTM, (2018). "Concrete and aggregate, (ASTM C33/C33M-18)." American Society for
Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken Pennsylvania: ASTM International.
orBS, (1983). "Method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes, (BS 1881-116)."
British Standard, London: The British Standard Limited.
orSAC, (2008). "Code for design of concrete structures, (GB 50010-2010)." The Standardization
Administration of the People's Republic of China, Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press.
+Reference to a patent
Originator, (Date of publication). "Title of patent." Series designation.
e.g. Philip Morris Inc., (1981). "Optical perforating apparatus and system." European patentapplication 0021165 A1.
+Reference to a non-alphabetical article
Translate the bibliographical data into English and attach the name of the original language inparenthesis to the end of the data.
e.g. Takahashi, Y. and Suzuki, I., (1984). "Simulation of crack propagation and failure ofconcrete." Concrete Research and Technology, 2 (1), 67-75. (in Japanese)(3) Citing electronic sources:
Citation in the text must follow the author-date procedure as outlined above.
References End of a Work:+Reference to individual works
Author/editor, (Year). "Title [online]." (Edition). Place of publication, Publisher if ascertainable).
Available from: <URL> [Accessed Date].
e.g. Holland, M., (1996)."Harvard system[online]." Poole, Bournemouth University. Available from:<http://www.windsor.igs.net/~nhodgins> [Accessed 18 Feb 1999].
or Library Services, (1995). "Internet user glossary [online]." North Carolina, North Carolina State
University. Available from:<gopher://dewey.lib.ncsu.edu:70/7waissrc%3A/> [Accessed 18 Feb 1999].

+Reference to article in E-Journals
Author ﾕ s Surname, INITIALS., (Year). "Title." Journal Title[online], volume (issue), location
within host. Available from: <URL> [Accessed Date].
e.g. Tazawa, E.-I., (1998). "Effect of self stress on flexural strength of gypsum-polymer
composites." Advanced Cement Based Materials [online], 7 (1). Available from:<http://www.sciencedirect.com/web-editions> [Accessed 20 Feb 2002].

+Reference to article in conferenceAuthor ﾕ s Surname, INITIALS., (Year of publication). "Title of contribution." Followed by In:
INITIALS. Surname, of editor of conference proceedings (if applicable) followed by Ed. or Eds.
Title of conference proceedings including date and place of conference location within host.
Available from: <URL> [Accessed Date].
e.g., Slowik, V., Leite, J.P.B. and Zaitsev, Y.V., (2000). "Mesolevel modelling of concrete fractureby using particle and truss models." In Werkstoffwoche-Partnerschaft Ed. Materials Week 2000 Proceedings [online], conference on advanced materials, their processing & applications, Munich,Germany, Sept. 25-28, 2000. Available from:< http://www.materialsweek.org/proceedings> [Accessed 10 May 2001].

+Reference to electronic media (BPO):[2]Author/editor ﾕ s Surname, INITIALS., (Year). "Title [type of medium]. (Edition)." Place of
publication, Publisher (if ascertainable). Available from: Supplier/Database identifier or number(optional).
e.g. Bogaerts, W.F.L., (1998). "Active library on corrosion 2.0: an interactive adventure [CDROM]." Elsevier Science.

3.2 Recommended Structure of the Article
3.2.1 Introduction
The purposes of this section are: (1) present sufficient background information for the understanding
and evaluation of the results of the reported study, as well as their relationship to earlier work in thefield; and (2) provide the purpose and validation for the present study. It should not, in general,
exceed two typed pages.
Unanimous rules for a good Introduction are: (1) present the problem investigated or project
reported, in terms of nature and scope; (2) review of the pertinent literature, but only at the required
extent to orient the reader; and (3) state the chosen methods and perhaps the reasons for the choice,but not describing them.
As for promoting technical and scientific matter, an extra rule is also convenient to capture theattention of the reader: (4) advance in condensed and highlighted manner the principal result or
conclusion suggested by the results, which will be substantiated in later sections. The reason behindthe latter rule is that otherwise a reader initially planning to study the entire article might naturally
neglect the abstract and loose motivation to read the article to the end.

3.2.2 Methods and Materials

The purpose of this section is to provide sufficient information on methodology and materials
employed, so that competent professionals can reproduce the experiments, numerical simulations or
projects reported. For scientific and technical merit, the possibility of reproduction of same or similar
results must exist. In case of serious doubt about the viability for reproducing the work, reviewers areencouraged to reject the manuscript.
Provide the exact technical specifications and quantities of materials, as well as source or method of
preparation. Statements and references should be accurate but free of speculative or advertisingmaterial. The text should not refer to the names of individuals, organizations, products or services
unless it is essential to understanding and in neither complementary nor derogatory.
The Methods and Materials section usually has subheadings, which usually depend on the nature of
the reported work (e.g. experimental and/or analytical). Examples of usual elements of a Methods
and Materials section are: (a) the procedures for preparing materials, for setting or operating
equipment, and for performing measurements, (b) the detailed description of equipment, specimens
and constitutive materials, in terms of dimensions, quantities, sources and conditions, (c) the
analytical modelling and assumptions; (d) the aspects of mathematical simulations and analyses; (e)evaluation approaches and criteria.
Only methods or their variations, which are truly new or have not been accurately presented in theliterature, should be described. Others should be only cited with appropriate references.

3.2.3 Results and Discussion
The Results and Discussion may eventually be separated into two independent sections when thearticle presents a large volume of raw data in text, tabular or graphical form. Though in this casefurther care is required to avoid redundancies in the sections. The Results section would present thefactual data to substantiate the discussion and conclusions in subsequent sections. Results arepresented in figures and tables and some results not requiring documentation are given solely in the
text. Do not repeat tabular and graphical data in text and if you adopt separate sections, leave thediscussion for the subsequent section. Preferably, use absolute numbers and allow the reader
evaluates the results. Only use statistics and relative numbers if they are meaningful and the morelogical way of presenting the results.
The discussion should be concise and focused on the interpretation of the results rather than arepetition of the Results section. In the Discussion section, (1) Derive principles, relationships andgeneralizations based on the presented results, (2) point out exceptions, lack of correlations and any
unsettled points and provide known or hypothetical reasons for them, (3) demonstrate how yourresults and interpretations agree or contrast with the previous work, (4) provide the evidence for eachconclusion, and (5) discuss the potential applications of your work.
The subheadings of the results should preferably match those of the methods.

3.2.4 Conclusion
In the Conclusion section, summarize the conclusions based on evidence provided in the article andhighlight the significance of the results and/or project. Avoid cite previous work in the Conclusion
section. Indicate the potential applicability of proposed methods, with assessments if possible.
In research related articles, authors may recommend further directions of the research, as suggestedby the results presented in the article.

4. Ethical attention
4.1 Authorship
Authorship should be limited to the persons who have made a substantial contribution to theconception, design, execution, analysis, or interpretation of the study of the submitted article. Afterthe initial submission, Changes in the number, name, and order of the authors are not allowed, as
shown in section 3.1.4. The secondary contributors, such as cooperators or advisors in the revision,
should be expressed gratitude in the section of acknowledgments.
4.2 Plagiarism

Authors should write a completely original article and should not use the same sentences orparagraphs taken from other articles. Even if the copied parts are taken from your articles publishedpreviously, the act without proper citations may infringe the right of copyright holders. The authors
should check whether the publishers allow the reuse of the contents and how much you can reuse
them. Activities such as composing paragraphs with sentences taken from previously publishedarticles or articles on the internet are considered ethical violations. If we have found these prominentacts, we will not receive the manuscript for review.

4.3 Duplicate publications and simultaneous submissions
Submitting the same or a very similar manuscript to two or more journals is unethical. If we find a
duplicate submission in this journal, we will withdraw the article and remove the published paper.

5. COPYRIGHT, REPRODUCTION, AND PERMISSIONS
5.1 Transfer of Copyright
Before JACT can publish any article the copyright must be transferred to the Japan Concrete Institute.
Transfer of copyright helps JCI to make articles more widely accessible across different media,
whether supplementing or replacing printed versions, and hence ensures that the research gains global
promotion. This transfer agreement enables JCI to protect the copyrighted material for the authors, butdoes not relinquish the author's proprietary rights.
Copyright of articles is assigned to JCI from the date on which the article is submitted for publication,and therefore a simultaneous submission of the article (or similar material) for publication elsewhereis a breach of Copyright.
Authors are asked to submit a completed Copyright Transfer Agreement in hardcopy [3]. This CTA
appears on the JACT's Web site and must be completed, signed and sent with the final manuscript. If
the author cannot assign copyright, then an agreement giving License to Publish will be required
instead. Please consult our Editorial secretary if the standard form is not appropriate for yourcircumstances.
Authors who may not own the copyright (e.g. authors in industrial companies or government researchestablishments) are asked to state this explicitly.
In the case of multi-author papers, only one author needs to sign the CTA form after obtaining theconsent of all the other authors and send the signed CTA back to the Editorial secretary of JACT.
The copyright transfer covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including
reprints, photographic reproductions, microfilm or any other reproductions of similar nature andtranslations. This includes the right to adapt the article for use in conjunction with computer systems
and programs, including reproduction or publication in machine-readable form and incorporation in
retrieval systems.
5.2 Copying JACT Articles
The author retains, to the extent provided by law, the right to the fair use of the manuscript forvarious purposes such as teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use) and other non-profit
educational purposes. Reproduction of journals or parts of journals, whether is in paper or inelectronic media, requires the permission from JCI. Permission for reproduction of illustrations,tables and short extracts from the text of individual articles published in JACT is usually granted
upon request to the editorial secretary, provided that the original source of the material isacknowledged in each case and the permission of the authors is also obtained.
5.3 Reproducing Published Material
Authors who wish to publish figures or charts previously in print must obtain written permission
from the respective authors and publishers. Permission from the publisher is required regardless ofthe published material being from the same authors. For most publishers the granting of copyright
permission is usually routine. JACT cannot publish a manuscript without such written permissions,which must be enclosed in the submission package.
6. AFTER SUBMISSION

6.1 Refereeing Process
A contribution submitted for consideration for publication is a confidential matter until its final
release for publication. The aim of the evaluation system is to maintain the quality of material to be
published and to reduce the time lag between receipt and publication of acceptable papers. Whenpapers fail to meet certain minimum standards, they are promptly rejected. Reasons for suchrejection may be:+Evident lack of significance+Material little different from some previous publication+Hopelessly poor organization and composition+Subject matter out of the scope of JACT
+Subject apparently of interest to too few readers
Every contribution submitted for publication is given preliminary review by a staff committee.
Manuscripts of regular articles, which successfully undergoes preliminary review, will be further
reviewed by at least two experts, in the area of concentration of the manuscript, selected by the editor
from a pool of approved referees. Referees are asked to take into account the content, quality andpresentation of the article when reaching their recommendations.
On completion of review of a manuscript, the author will be advised promptly whether it has been
accepted or rejected and recommended to revise the manuscript in the light of the referees'
comments. If referees give conflicting advice, a senior referee will be consulted for the settlement of
the matter in dispute. If the referees recommend rejection of an article, the authors may appeal to the
Editorial Board for further consideration, stating in writing the substantial reasons for their appeal.
The manuscript may be then sent to a new group of reviewers on the discretion of the Editor-inChief.
Manuscripts with two positive reviews are accepted after the appropriate corrections. However, amanuscript after final submission may still be declined if the author did not revise the manuscript as
required by the reviewers, if new material was introduced that is considered to be of unacceptable
quality, or if additional errors are found.
When the review shows that the article could be improved by condensation, the author will be asked
to do so. Means of condensation and conservation of space might be through omission of tables infavor of graphs showing the same thing, putting parts of the paper in appendixes, which can be set insmaller type and condensation of relatively unimportant discussion. Certain editorial prerogatives arereserved to the editor, e.g., format, punctuation, abbreviation, and minor revision for greater clarity.
Electronic refereeing facility has been implemented and referees are strongly encouraged to report
via the web or by E-mail to speed up the review process. Articles submitted electronically will be
converted into a PDF file, unless this has been supplied, and provided to the referees with
instructions to enable them to use our facilities for refereeing.
The authors of a manuscript rejected due to obvious misconstructions of reviewers can, if necessary,request for reinvestigation to JACT.

6.2 Revising the Article
Submitting a revised or amended version of your article in response to the referee's comments,
authors are advised to compare the original version with the revised one and list any changes you
have made (ignoring typographical errors, but mentioning additional paragraphs, changes to figures,etc.).
Alternatively, authors may also send in a second copy of your article with the changes marked orunderlined. The changes made in response to the referees' remarks should have a distinct marking. If
this is detailed enough, it can eliminate the need to provide a separate "list of changes".
Authors should go through the referees' comments and for each comment mention whether thesuggestion was followed or the author disagree and wish to respond to the comment.
6.3 Proofreading the Article
Proofs of articles are usually sent to the corresponding authors by E-mail as an annotated PDF fileattachment for correction.
Authors should check your proofs carefully and return corrections by E-mail, if possible. In such acase, the corrections should be sent as a list with each correction given a precise location in terms of,for example, page and line number. Please do not amend the PDF file or send an amended
manuscript at this stage. If not possible to send the corrections by E-mail, authors can also sendcorrections by fax, first-class post or airmail. In this case the corrections should be marked clearly inthe text.
The ultimate responsibility for ensuring the accuracy of the published paper rests with authors. If
proofs reach authors during an absence of which JACT has not been informed, or if the proofs are
not returned within requested time, JACT may publish the paper without author's corrections.
When proofreading the manuscripts authors should take particular care checking mathematics, tables
and references. Only essential corrections should be made. Authors may be charged for excessive
corrections arising from their own errors or omissions.
6.4 Author Enquiries
Authors can examine the progress of their submitted articles by using the Tracking System feature of
JACT's Web site.
Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs,
are provided when an article is accepted for publication.

7. AFTER PUBLICATION
7.1 Errata
If errors appear in the published PDF file that are serious enough to impair understanding or mislead

readers, the author should prepare a correction, which will be published in our electronic repository
J-Stage. Minor errors may only be considered as attachments of electronic reprints. Errata are also
published with closures.
7.2 Closures
When discussions are received and approved for publication, the authors of the original paper are
asked to prepare a closure, i.e., a response that provides clarification of and conclusions to the points
raised in the discussions. Closures are published together with the discussions.

[1] Official trademarks such as Teflon and Lycra.
[2] This section refers to electronic media (e.g. CD-ROMs) that works in their own right (Business
Publication Ondisc) and not bibliographic databases.
[3] The hardcopy of the Copyright Transfer Agreement (CTA) should be send by e-mail or post. Papers
are only considered for publication after the arrival of the CTA.