第8講

関係

詞

1 関係代名詞⑴

先行詞が「人」の場合

a） The boy who［that］showed us the way is Tom.
b） I have a friend whose father is a lawyer.
c ） The girl whom［that］you met in the park is Nancy.
⑵

〈主格〉
〈所有格〉
〈目的格（省略可）〉

先行詞が「もの」の場合

a） I have an English book which［that］is easy to read.
b） He handed me the book whose cover was green.
c ） He handed me the book the cover of which was green.
d） He handed me the book of which the cover was green.
e） This is the dictionary which［that］my brother gave to me.
e.
⑶ that の特別用法①先行詞が「人＋（動）物」の場合

〈主格〉
〈所有格〉
〈所有格〉
〈所有格〉
〈目的格（省略可）〉

elp

I saw the boy and his dog that were runningg in tthe park.
②先行詞に最上級，all，every，no，the only
ly，ththe very，thehe first などがなどが含まれる場合る場
It is the very book that I lost yesterday.
terday③先行詞が「人」の職業や性質などに言及しており，補語として働く場合
どに言り，補語として働く場合語として働く場合

He is not the busy personon ththat he used
ed to be.
④先行詞が疑問詞 who またまたは which の場合
Who that hass com
common sense
se can believe the news?
⑷ what の用法用法
This iss exactly
exwhathatat（＝ thee thing which）I’ve wanwanted too say.
＋関2 前置詞＋関係代名詞

ma
S

This is thehe restaurant.
nt. ＋ I ffirst me
met her in ththe restaurant.
→ This is thehe restaurant
ant whic
which［thatat］I first met her in.
→ This is thee restaurant
rin whichhich I first met her.

3 関係副詞「時」・「場所」・「理由」
・「方法」などの先行詞をとる。

a） March is the month when I was born.
b） This is the town where he was born.
c ） Do you know（the reason）why she got angry?
d） This is how* he solved the problem.
* この how は，the way（that）または the way in which と言い換えられる。

〈時〉
〈場所〉
〈理由〉
〈方法〉

4 関係詞の非制限用法
関係詞の前にカンマをつけた形を「非制限用法」という。先行詞について説明をつけ加える。
⑴

関係代名詞：関係代名詞の中で非制限用法があるのは，who，whose，whom，which のみで thatは用いない。

a） He has two sons who live in Tokyo.
b） He has two sons, who（＝ and they）live in Tokyo.

48〈制限用法〉〈非制限用法〉

c ） He told a lie, which made her angry.
⑵〈非制限用法〉

関係副詞：関係副詞の中で非制限用法があるのは，when と where のみ。

a） We got to the ballpark at six, when（＝ and then）it began to rain.
b） I went to Italy, where（＝ and there）I took many pictures.

5 what を用いた慣用表現a） Human is to air what fish is to water.
〈A の B に対する関係は C の D に対する関係と同じである〉
b） He is what is called（＝ what we［you，they］call）a stereotype.
〈いわゆる〉c ） It was getting dark, and what was worse, it began to rain heavily.
〈さらに悪いことには〉d） What with overwork and very little sleep, he fell ill.
e） You’ve made me what I am today.
f ） I gave him what little money I had.

6 複合関係詞〈A やら B やらで〉〈〜の私〉〈（少ないながらも）（少ないすべての〜〉elpa） Whoever uses the facilities must follow thehe rul
rules.
〈〜するだれでも〉〈b） Whoever may get angry with me, I will ddo what I believe is rigright.
〈だれが〜でも〉〈c ） You may give this pen to whomever
ever you like.
e.
〈〜するだれにでも〉するd） Pick up whichever you want.
〈〜するどちら〈〜〈〜すら［どれ］［でも〉e） Whichever they may
y be iinterested
d in, it is none of my bubusiness.〈ど〈どちら［どれ］どれ を〜でも〉f ） She will tell us what
whatever she knows..
〈〜するものは何でも〉〜するg） Whatever is in the way,, I will never give up achiev
achieving ththe goal.
〈何が〜でも〉h） Don’tt hesit
hesitate to visit
isit myy office
offic wheneverwheneve you neednee my advice
advice. 〈〜するときはいつでも〉i ） WheneverhenI drop
rop in at the library, I see the oldol mann readreading a book there.

Sma〈いつ〜でも〉j ） Theed
dog walks after the boy wherev
w
wherever hee goes
goes.
〈〜するところはどこ（へ）でも〉k） Whereverrehe hides
idesdes him
himself, we will be abable to search him out.
〈どこに〜でも〉l ） However
ve busy you
ou are, yyou haveave to attend the meeting.
〈どんなに〜でも〉7 関係代名詞：as,, but, than⑴ as の用法①節を先行詞とする。

a） He is an English man, as we know from his accent.
b） As is often the case with kids, the boy eats too much.
② such 〜 as，as 〜 as，the same 〜 as の形で用いる。
We want such persons as will help us.
⑵ 〈that 〜 not〉の意味を表す but の用法
There is no one but makes mistakes.
⑶ 〈比較級＋than 〜〉の形で用いる than の用法
There is more space than is needed.

〈〜ではない…はない〉〈〜以上の…がある〉

8 関係代名詞＋挿入節
They have three children who I think are very diligent.

〈SV の挿入〉49

演 習 問 題
1（）に入る最も適切な語（句）をア〜エから１つずつ選びなさい。

Did you see the insect（）our teacher brought into class this morning?
ア．whatイ．whenウ．which
エ．whom⑵ The man（）is feeding pigeons is my father.
ア．whoseイ．whomウ．whoエ．what⑶ John has heard nothing from her,（）makes him uneasy.
ア．whoイ．which
ウ．whereエ．that⑷ There was a small restaurant in the hotel at（）.
ア．where she was staying
イ．which she was staying
ウ．that she was staying
エ．what she was staying⑸ This is Mr. Tanaka,（）brother you met in the hospital.
ア．whoイ．whom
ウ．whoseエ．which⑹ Mt. Everest, the name of（）comes from a British
tish surveyor, wa
was first climbed in1953.
ア．whatイ．whichウ．thatエ．whosehose⑺ She goes to an English school（）is hhigh.
ア．whose tuition
イ．whichhich tuitiontウ．the tuition of whoseエ．th
the tuition of thatat⑻ John is（）is called
lled a man of culture.
ア．thatイ．whathatウ．whichichエ．whowh⑼ We have arrived
ived aat the hotel,tel,（）we find very comfo
comfortable.
e.
ア．whatat
イ．whichhウ．andエ．butb⑽ This is the best health resort（）I kknow.
ア．w
whereイ．
．as
ウ．
ウ thatエ．whowhom⑾ Ken is a studentt（）the teacheteacherstbelieve
ieve iis honest.
ア．whatat
イ．who
ho
ウ whoウ．
whose
エ．whom⑿ Mary is no longer（）she used to be.
ア．whatイ．thatウ．whicwhichエ．whom⒀ He’s determined
ined to finish theth job（）happens.
ア．whatever
イ．hohowever
ウ．wheneverエ．no matter⒁ That is the place（）I have lived for a long time.
ア．whichイ．whereウ．whenエ．what⒂ Can you see a boy and a dog（）are playing on the beach?
ア．thatイ．whichウ．whoエ．with whom
⒃ There is no rule（）has some exceptions.
ア．butイ．as
ウ．thanエ．the way⒄ I cannot trust such people（）speak ill of others.
ア．thanイ．whichウ．asエ．whose⒅ The teacher appreciates（）volunteers in class.
ア．whomever
イ．whoever
ウ．wheneverエ．wherever⑴

S50maelp

2 日本文に合うように，（⑴）に適語を入れなさい。

セネガルはアフリカの西部にある国だ。

Senegal is a country（⑵）lies in the west of Africa.

こうやって私は君のお母さんと知り合ったのだ。

This is（⑶）I came to know your mother.

彼女は私の言ったことがわからなかった。

She didn’t understand（）I said to her.

3 各組の英文が同じ内容を表すように，（）に適語を入れなさい。

No matter where he went, he carried his laptop with him.
（）he went, he carried his laptop with him.
⑵ They could not catch the train for that reason.
）they（）the train.
That is（⑶ This is the way（）which we reached the decision.
）we reached the decision.
This is（⑷ I gave him all the little money that I had.
）little money I had.
I gave him（⑸ It will not be long before we can take a trip to the moon.
moo）we ccan take a trip to the moon.
The day will soon come（⑹ The elderly woman wanted to show her son’s
on’s picture
cture to anyone who visitedvher.
her）visvisited her.
er.
nted tot show her son’s picture to（The elderly woman wanted

⑴

4（ma）
内の語（句））を並を並べかえて英文を完成しなさい。
英文を完成しなさい。
完成しなさelp

You cann look throughh your textbook and choose（youou / wantnt to / topic / whatever / writefor your essay.
ssay.
ay.
about）fofor your essay.
hroughrough your textbook and cho
You cacan look throughchoose⑵ If I should
hou die, please（who / somsomeone / needs
ds / offerof/ it / my heart / to）.
.
oul die, please
ease
ase
If I should⑶ （we / careful
refu / are / howeverh）, we can’t avoid making some mistakes.
, we can’t avoid making some mistakes.

⑴

Sに，（5 日本文に合うように，⑴）内の語（句）を並べかえなさい。

あなたがやるべきことは，息子さんを信頼して待つことだけです。
（your son / wait / trust / do / have to / to / all / is / and / you / .）⑵

何でも好き勝手にできると思っていたかもしれないが，そうは問屋がおろさない。

You might have thought you could have your own way, but（go / is / not / that / the /things / way）.
You might have thought you could have your own way, but.
⑶

アメリカ英語には数多くの新しい言葉があるが，アメリカ人が日常的に使っているいくつかの言葉は，大西洋の反対側ではもはや使われていない。

Although American English has numerous new words, some words（Americans use / are /daily life / in / the other side / on / no longer used / which）of the Atlantic Ocean.
Although American English has numerous new words, some wordsof the Atlantic Ocean.

51

演 習 問 題
1（）に入る最も適切な語（句）をア〜エから１つずつ選びなさい。

Professor Green is not satisfied with（）things are.
ア．thatイ．whatウ．which
エ．whose⑵ The teacher said that he would give this book to（）among us wanted to read it.
ア．whoイ．whoever
ウ．whomエ．whomever⑶ （）your problems are, they are surely less serious than mine.
ア．Whoever
イ．Whatever
ウ．However
エ．Whenever⑷ The reason（）he gave us for being late sounded quite natural.
ア．why
イ．thatウ．for whichエ．when⑸ Tom stayed in Paris on business last summer,（）his wife gave birth to a baby.
ア．during which
イ．through which
ウ．whichエ．whom⑹ Max tried on six pairs of shoes,（）he liked.
ア．none of that
イ．none of which
ウ．none of themhem
エ．whichhic none⑺ （）language family is a group of languages
ges with a common ori
origin and similar
vocabulary, grammar and sound system.
ア．What linguists callイ．It is called
lled bby linguists
stsウ．Linguists call it
エ．What dod linguists
sts calll⑻ The town（）the international
ernational marathon
rathon race was held last summer is near thelake.
ア．whereイ．which
ウ．whenエ．whose⑼ The boy（）I thought
ght was a friend of mine pro
proved tto be a stranstranger.
ア．whomm
イ．whichchウ．who
エ．whosehos⑽ Whenen I went too Britain, I stayed in （） I ate
e fish and chips for the very firsttime.
ア．London,onwhereere
reイ．
イ London,ondo whwhich
ウ．London whereエ．London for which⑾ The weather
eatin Kyoto,yoto,oto,（）is wellell knoknown, is severe in winter and summer.
ア．asイ．
イ thatウ．ththoughエ．
エ where⑴

Sうに，（2 日本文に合うように，⑴

maelp）に適語に適語を入れなさい。

行くべきか，今いるところにとどまるべきか，私にはわからない。
いるところ

I don’t know whether to go away or to stay（⑵

事態はしばらくそんな具合に進んだ。

That is（⑶）things went for a while.

中西さんこそが，我々が長い間求めてきた人だ。

Mr. Nakanishi is the man（⑷私はテニス部に所属しており，メアリーもその部員だ。

）is often the case with young people, Ken stays up late listening to music.

その質問に答えられなかった生徒はほとんどいなかった。

There were few students（⑺）could answer the question.

医者は私に休むように言い，私はそのアドバイスにしたがった。

The doctor told me to take a rest,（52）Mary is also a member.

）（

若者にはよくあることだが，ケンは音楽を聞きながら遅くまで起きている。
（⑹）we have long been looking.

）（I belong to the tennis club,（⑸）I am.

）（）I followed.

3 各組の英文が同じ内容を表すように，（）に適語を入れなさい。

George believes nothing his wife tells him.
）his wife tells him.
George refuses to believe（⑵ Avoid big words whose meanings are not clear to you.
）（）of which are not clear to you.
Avoid big words（⑶ Reading nourishes the mind as food does the body.
）the mind（）food is（）the body.
Reading is（⑷ He said he had lost the money, but I did not believe it.
）I thought was not（）.
He said he had lost the money,（⑴

4（）内の語（句）を並べかえて英文を完成しなさい。

My mother doesn’t（me / as / become / to / is / known / want / what）a “freeter”.
a “freeter”.
My mother doesn’t⑵ Soccer gives us simple pleasure and has always been one off the easie
easiest games to play. Au / that / to kick / want）it.
ball on the ground has something（about it / makes / you
A ball on the ground has somethingit.
⑶ Native Americans（killed / were / than / more
re animals / necessary
ecessa / never）.
Native Americans.
⑷ They finally succeeded in developing
loping （would / believe
lieve / change / whichh / the newmachine / they）the world.
the world.
They finally succeeded in dedeveloping⑴

うに，（5 日本文に合うように，⑴elpmaS）
内の語の語（句）を並べかえなさい。

彼の歩き方には，以前アメリカ映画で見た，落ち着きのない若者たちを彼女に思い出させるものがあ方には，以前アメリカ映画で見た，落ち着きのない若者たちを彼アメリカ映画で見た，落ち着きのない若カ映画で見た，落ち着きのないった。

Somethingmet
about
outut（youthsuths / he / her / the rerestless / the way / of / reminded / walked）thatd seensn American film.
she hadin anthat she had seen in an American film.
hin about
Something⑵

ジュディはこの町で私が知っている人で，ラテン語を話せる唯一の人だ。
はこの町で私が知っている人で，ラがが知ってJudy is（speakpeak / person / only / Latin
L/ know / that / I / the / can）in this town.
in this town.
Judy is⑶

ジャングルで，探検隊は理解できない言語を持つ人々の集団に遭遇した。
探検隊は理In the jungle, the expedition（a group of / whose / understand / across / language / they /didn’t / people / came）.
.
In the jungle, the expedition

6 日本文に合う英文を書きなさい。
⑴

父は以前のような外科医ではない。

⑵

この国の労働者が働く条件はとても悪い。

⑶

コピーをとるには，このボタンを押せばよいだけだ。

53