禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08

今月号の目次【Original Article】
Smoking status and lifestyle habits of 1st–3rd-year students
at Osaka Dental University－A comparison with the School of Dentistry and Faculty of Health Sciences－
Nobutaka Okusa et al

1

【連載】
禁煙科学

最近のエビデンス（２０２２年８月

ＫＫＥ３１５）

KKE315「タバコの主流煙からは生きた細菌が検出される」
舘野

博喜

11

【報告】
全国禁煙アドバイザー育成講習会 開催報告
第２８５回

16

大阪・ハイブリッド開催（２０２２年８月７日・９月２４日）

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P1

Original Article

Smoking status and lifestyle habits of 1st–3rd-year students
at Osaka Dental University~A comparison with the School of Dentistry and Faculty of Health Sciences~
Nobutaka Okusa1, Ai Onishi2, Ayuko Maesoma2, Kumiko Kaji2, Mariko Nakai1, Yoichi Sumi3,
Mamoru Uemura4, Koichi Imai5, Akio Tanaka6, Pao-Li Wang7

SUMMARY
In line with the smoking ban at the Osaka Dental University Hospital, a survey was conducted on thesmoking status of students who aspire to become dentists, dental hygienists, and dental technicians, theiropinions on the total smoking ban on the hospital premises, and their lifestyle habits. This survey was
conducted to help improve non-smoking education in the future. The survey targeted 634 first-year to thirdyear students of the School of Dentistry and Faculty of Health Sciences during the 2019 academic year to
obtain the information necessary for non-smoking education and cessation support measures and lifestyle
improvements. A total of 398 first-year to third-year students of the School of Dentistry and 236 students of
the Faculty of Health Sciences were targeted for the survey, and responses were obtained from 542 students(321 in the School of Dentistry and 221 in the Faculty of Health Sciences) after excluding non-eligible
participants. There were 15 (4.7%) smokers in the School of Dentistry and 7 (3.2%) in the Faculty of Health
Sciences. The percentage of students who had not received non-smoking education was 36.1% in the Schoolof Dentistry and 48.9% in the Faculty of Health Sciences, and there was a significant difference between thetwo schools. Regardless of whether they smoked or not, 22.7% of students of the School of Dentistry and10.3% of students of the Faculty of Health Sciences students drank at least once a week while 76.3% of thoseat the School of Dentistry and 53.7% of Faculty of Health Sciences students ate out at least once per week,
and both percentages were higher in the School of Dentistry. Part-time jobs were performed by 47.1% of
students in the School of Dentistry and 84.3% of those in the Faculty of Health Sciences, with the Faculty of
Health Sciences students being significantly more likely to do so. In particular, those who had not received
non-smoking education were more likely to drink in restaurants, eat out, and work part-time, and were more
likely to be exposed to passive smoking. Although the number of smokers is low considering the percentageof adults who smoke, in light of these facts, we must also tell them that they may be in the same situation assmokers, including those who had received providing non-smoking education.
Key words: smoking, Non-smoking education, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences

1. Department of Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
2. Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University
3. Graduate School of Dentistry (Anatomy), Osaka Dental University
4. Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
5. Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
6. Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
7. Center of Innovation in Dental Education, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
Corresponding author: Nobutaka Okusa
Department of Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
8-1 Kuzuha Hanazonocho, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
TEL&FAX : +81-72-864-3165 E-mail : okusa-n@cc.osaka-dent.ac.jp

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P2

INTRODUCTION
Numerous studies have been conducted worldwide on smoking, and it has been identified as risk a factor fora variety of diseases. In dentistry, it has been identified as a risk factor for cancer1,2), periodontal disease3), andother diseases, and there is some concern about its effects on children and adults in the overall medical field.
Maternal smoking has also been reported to increase the risk of asthma in children4,5) and induce childhoodallergies6). Also, in recent years, it has become necessary to take measures to deal with the smoking problem
caused by heat-not-burn tobacco7-10) as needed, and the annually increasing number of users is currently said tobe more than three million. Measures must also be taken against evolving heat-not-burn tobacco products in the
future. A smoking survey11) conducted in 2015 among members of the Japanese Academy of Periodontology
demonstrated that 8.4% of dentists and 2.1% of dental hygienists smoked, and the values were lower than the
global smoking rates at that time. However, given that they are health care workers, we believe there is a needto continue to reduce smoking rates. To further reduce these rates in the future, it is essential to have students
undergo non-smoking education during their school years. The University (including its affiliated hospitals) isa medical university that plays a role in non-smoking guidance, and as a place where future dentists, dental
hygienists, and dental technicians are trained, it is necessary to regard non-smoking education as an essential
item. This survey was conducted to compare survey items among different faculties, analyze items that showed
differences, and improve the quality of education in the future by administering a questionnaire on nonsmoking education and lifestyle habits at the University's School of Dentistry and Faculty of Health Sciences.

METHODS
1: Subjects
A total of 398 1st-year to 3rd-year students of the University’s School of Dentistry and 236 1st-year to 3rd-year
students of the University's Faculty of Health Sciences who were enrolled in the 2019 academic year, a total of
634 people, were included in the survey.
2: Study methods
The survey was conducted by distributing self-administered questionnaires in the lecture rooms andhomerooms of students of the institution’s 2019 batch. These questionnaires were collected after they werefilled out.
3: Study details
Questionnaire items included free-text sections on whether or not non-smoking education has been received,
the current smoking status, lifestyle, and non-smoking on the institution’s premises.

4: Methods of analysis of free responses
The quantitative text analysis software program used was KH Coder Version 3. Alpha.15 12,13) was used toorganize and analyze the frequently-occurring words and phrases in the free-text content.

RESULTSA total of 398 first-year to third-year students of the School of Dentistry and 236 students of the Faculty of
Health Sciences were included in the survey, and responses were obtained from 542 students (321 from the
School of Dentistry and 221 from the Faculty of Health Sciences) after excluding absences (effective response
rate: 85.5%).

1: Non-smoking education
A total of 190 students (59.2%) from the School of Dentistry and 98 students (44.3%) from the Faculty of禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P3

Health Sciences took the course, which demonstrates some significant differences between the faculties(Figure 1). It was observed that all smokers from the Faculty of Health Sciences had not taken the nonsmoking course.

Figure 1. Non-smoking education enrollment at the School of Dentistry (left)
and the Faculty of Health Sciences (right)

2: Smoking status
Approximately 15 students (4.7%) from the School of Dentistry smoked, 14 (4.4%) of them had successfully
quit smoking, 284 students (88.4%) had never smoked, and 8 students (2.5%) did not take the survey.
Approximately 7 students (3.2%) from the Faculty of Health Sciences smoked, 6 (2.7%) of them had
successfully quit smoking, 202 students (91.4%) had never smoked, and 6 students (2.7%) did not take thesurvey (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Smoking status in the School of Dentistry (left) and the Faculty of Health Sciences (right)
3: Lifestyle1) Alcohol consumption
Among the students who filled out the questionnaire, 70 students (22.7%) from the School of Dentistry and
22 students (10.3%) from the Faculty of Health Sciences drank at least once a week (Figure 3). For the Schoolof Dentistry, a chi-square test showed an association between drinking and smoking (x2(8) = 38.006, p <0.05). There was a significant difference between the group that drank daily and the group that did not drink.
The group that drank was found to be more closely associated with smoking.
For the Faculty of Health Sciences, a chi-square test showed no significant difference (x2(8) = 41.763, p <0.05).

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P4

Figure 3. Alcohol consumption status (drinking at least once a week) in the School of Dentistry (left)
and the Faculty of Health Sciences (right)
2) Eating out
Among the students who filled out the questionnaire, 235 students (76.3%) from the School of Dentistry and
115 students (53.7%) from the Faculty of Health Sciences ate out at least once a week (Figure 4). A chi-square
test showed no significant difference for the School of Dentistry (x2(4) = 9.697, p < 0.05) or for the Faculty of
Health Sciences, (x2(4) = 6.941, ns).

Figure 4. Eating out status (at least once a week) in the School of Dentistry (left)
and the Faculty of Health Sciences (right)

Figure 5. Part-time job status in the School of Dentistry (left) and the Faculty of Health Sciences (right)

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P5

3) Part-time jobs
Among the students who filled out the questionnaire, 145 students (47.0%) from the School of Dentistry and
182 students (84.3%) from the Faculty of Health Sciences worked part-time (Figure 5). For the School of
Dentistry, the results of the chi-square test showed a significant difference in the group that worked part-timeat least three times a week (x2(5) = 20.496, p < 0.05). For the Faculty of Health Sciences, the results of the chi-square test showed no significant difference (x2(5) = 4.159, ns).
4) Opinion about non-smoking on the institution’s premises (free response)In the free writing by both sets of undergraduates, there were a number of statements from non-smokers that“it is a good and deserved measure,” with a few defending the smokers. The smokers' opinions stated that theywould like to see the smoking area returned to its original location, among other responses. “I feel sorry for thesmokers if we don't allow partial smoking. They will have to go outside to smoke.” Some non-smokers had
negative opinions about the no-smoking policy on the premises (Table 1). Frequently used words written in
the free-text were identified by KH Coder, and the most frequently used words were “I think,” “good,” “nosmoking,” and “hospital,” all of which are positive words for a smoke-free environment on the affiliated hit
has been pointed out the hospital premises. To further clarify the relationship between the described words andphrases, a co-occurrence network diagram was produced to compare the words and phrases in the School of
Dentistry and the Faculty of Health Sciences (Figures 6 and 7). The larger the circle, the more frequently theword or phrase is used, and words with strong relationships are represented by thick lines connecting them.
Both institutions, the School of Dentistry and the Faculty of Health Sciences, had high frequencies of use of
the words “good” and “think,” with words such as “people,” “annoyance,” and “harm,” connected by a line,
and when the free descriptions were checked again, they were descriptions about passive smoking. Students
who responded “nothing,” “nothing in particular,” or did not respond accounted for 153 students (47.7%) fromthe School of Dentistry and 102 students (46.2%) form the Faculty of Health Sciences.
Table 1: Opinions on non-smoking on the institutions’ premises (selected)
Non-smokers
Necessary measure.
I am glad that I am no longer causing harm to non-smokers.
I think it is not good to have the smell of cigarettes on one’s clothes; so, I think it should be stricter.
I think it might be hard for smokers. The rate of smoking on the streets is likely to increase.
I think there should be a place to smoke; however, I would like to see a firm separation.

Smokers
Non-smoking on the premises is counterproductive.
I do not think there should be a smoking ban on the premises.
I want more smoking areas.

DISCUSSION
This survey was conducted among first-year through third-year students of the School of Dentistry andFaculty of Health Sciences to investigate smoking-related situations in younger age groups. The survey results
show that 15 (4.7%) students in the School of Dentistry smoked and 7 (3.2%) in the Faculty of Health
Sciences smoked, both of which are lower than the national adult smoking rate14). It is suggested that This low

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P6

Figure 6. Co-occurrence network diagram of free responses (School of Dentistry)

Figure 7. Co-occurrence network diagram of free responses (Faculty of Health Sciences)

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P7

level is the result of the introduction of non-smoking education in elementary and junior high schools in 2008
and high schools in 2009, as well as the introduction of non-smoking education up to college entrance, which
has borne fruits. However, the results of non-smoking education suggest that it is possible that they had taken
the course but do not remember doing so, indicating the need for re-education at a time closer to the age of thesmoking potential. As mentioned above, smoking prevention in school education is taught in "Physical
Education" in elementary schools, and "Health and Physical Education" and related subjects in junior high andhigh schools, based on the Courses of Study and other guidelines15-17). However, half of the respondents to thissurvey did not take part in non-smoking education. Therefore, it is important to review the content of nonsmoking education after university enrollment, taking into consideration the possibility that students may be
indifferent to the subject, or that they may have attended a lecture but not remember it, or that they may havemissed the lecture.
Therefore, if non-smoking education is monotonous, it is likely to be the same thing over and over again. We
need to take advantage of the characteristics of the school of dentistry to provide non-smoking education
related to the specialty (periodontics, pharmacology, etc.). In particular, the oral cavity is the part of the bodythat inhales smoke, and the motivation and quality of expertise of students must be enhanced. Non-smoking
education should be realized by encouraging each laboratory to implement it for each grade without delay.
This is because motivation is believed to be the key to knowledge retention. Although the lecture format isnecessary for non-smoking education to be implemented in the future, Enoki states, "It is necessary to devise
teaching methods that allow the opinions held by each student to be utilized in a group setting18). Therefore, wewould like to combine active learning conducted among students to further enhance the lecture content.
The free response statements in the survey regarding the no-smoking policy on the premises provided a
glimpse into the thoughts and feelings of students. The majority of students who described it expressed theopinion that “no smoking on the premises is a good thing and a natural step for a medical university.” The
results of the descriptive analysis in KH Coder for both faculties suggest a deep relationship between thewords “think,” “good,” “hospital,” “no smoking,” “premises,” “patients,” etc., and the fact that they werelinked suggests that students are aware of the need to continue the no-smoking policy on the institutions’premises. Other comments stated that hidden smoking increases littering. It is necessary to break the link tolittering by alerting people about hidden smoking19).
On the other hand, 47.7% of all eligible students in the School of Dentistry and 46.6% of all eligible students
in the Faculty of Health Sciences either replied “I don't feel particularly interested” or gave no response,suggesting that approximately half of the students showed no or minimal interest in the subject matter.
Although the number of responses was higher than that of students in the first three years, with 37.5% of
students in the fifth year and sixth year of dental school in the 2019 academic year20) not responding to thequestion, there is a need to focus on non-smoking education, especially in people of younger age groups.
In both faculties, it will be important for each course to consider non-smoking education that can be tied to
the knowledge that has been developed in lectures at each grade level. In addition, although the revised Health
Promotion Law will be enforced in April 2020 and the application of regulations on smoking restrictions has
begun, there are still many restaurants in society that are not covered by the law21). Students of the School of
Dentistry were more likely to drink and eat out, and 82.4% of students of the Faculty of Health Sciences had
part-time jobs, with 44.0% of these students indicating that their part-time jobs were in restaurants.
Considering the dental school’s curriculum, all courses are compulsory, and the lack of time to do part-timework may have led to the difference this time, which may have led to the habit of drinking with friends. In
particular, those who had not yet received non-smoking education may be more likely to drink, eat out, or
work part-time in restaurants without fully understanding the harmful effects of passive smoking; thus, they
were more likely to be exposed to passive smoking. In addition to the fact that students themselves smoke
despite non-smoking education, they must be aware of the risk of a situation similar to smoking (passive
smoking), and the details of this need to be communicated in non-smoking education. According to a survey
conducted by Kataoka et al.,21) approximately half of the food and beverage facilities that participated in thesurvey prohibit smoking in all areas due to the revised Health Promotion Law. Not only the efforts of the food

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P8

and beverage facilities but also the students themselves will inevitably increase the rate of avoidance of
passive smoking environments by carefully interviewing the food and beverage facilities and assessing theenvironment in which they will be engaged. Therefore, there is a need to consider the content of non-smoking
courses and take into account the differences in students’ lifestyles, including the tendencies to drink and eat
out with friends, in the School of Dentistry and part-time jobs in the Faculty of Health Sciences between thetwo faculties. The results of this study suggest that the ideal moment to provide cautionary information to
students of the School of Dentistry is immediately after their enrollment because of the risk of passive smoking
when eating out with friends, and the ideal time to provide cautionary information to students of the Faculty of
Health Sciences is when they take on a part-time job. With the recent spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, bothfaculties would like to encourage as many students as possible to quit smoking by providing education thatcovers topics such as smoking-related mortality rates. We will continue to conduct questionnaire-based
surveys to investigate the impact of the spread of COVID-19 and report our findings.

CONCLUSION
The results of a survey on first-year to third-year students at the School of Dentistry and the Faculty of Health
Sciences demonstrated that the percentage of smokers was low and that it is vital to continue non-smoking
education to maintain this level of smoking. However, there were differences in the students’ drinking habits,
eating out, and doing part-time jobs between the faculties, suggesting that it is necessary to reconsider
education tailored to each faculty and establish a system that is easily accepted by students and that it isimportant to talk to and counsel students at the right time before each action.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
In conducting this study, we would like to express our appreciation to the instructors who provided a great
deal of advice and guidance, and to all School of Dentistry and Faculty of Health Sciences students who gave
their cooperation.

REFERENCES
1)
2)

3)
4)

5)

6)
7)
8)

Morikawa T, Iwamoto M, Shibahara T, et al: The clinical study of tongue squamous cell carcinoma inyoung patients. J Jpn Soc Oral Tumor 32(2), 2020: 29-37.
Nagao T, Fukada J, Sato Y, et al: Observational study of the relation between smoking and oral diseases A cross-sectional, questionnaire survey-. Jpn. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 61(9), 2015: 449-457.
Chigusa R: The effect of the smoking habit on the number of remaining teeth and the number of lost teeth.
J Health Care Dent 21, 2020: 36-39.
Tano R, Miura H, Aoyama H, et al: Current status and issues of smoking cessation efforts in dental clinics
in Japan: Tobacco control based on interprofessional collaboration. J. Natl. Inst. Public Health 69(1),2020: 73-82.
Yoshida S, Mishima H, Takeuchi M, et al: Association of prenatal maternal, prenatal secondhand, andpostnatal secondhand smoking exposures with the incidence of asthma/atopic dermatitis in children: An
epidemiological study using checkup data of mothers and children in Kobe city. Jpn J Public Health 68(10), 2021: 659-668.
Ikeda M, Kikkawa T, Korematsu S, et al: Passive smoking and allergic diseases in childhood: asystematic review. JJACI 35(2), 2021: 152-169.
Saku K: Electronic cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco products in Japan. Journal of Clinical andExperimental Medicine 265(10), 2018: 881-884.
Matsuzaki M: significance of tobacco control for us and future generation. THE LUNG perspectives 27

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P9(1), 2019: 20-23.
9) Horinouchi T, Kobayashi J, Higashi K, et al: Chemicals in aerosols generated from heated tobacco
products and their biological effects. Indoor Environment 24(2), 2021: 125-133.
10) Inaba Y, Ushiyama A: Hazards caused by heated tobacco products. J. Natl. Inst. Public Health 69 (2),2020: 144-152.
11) Inagaki K, Oh H, Hanioka T, et al: Prevalence of tobacco smoking among members of the JapaneseSociety of12) Periodontology. Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology 57(2), 2015: 100-106. Higuchi K: A
Two-Step Approach to Quantitative Content Analysis: KH Coder Tutorial Using Anne of Green Gables(Part I). Ritsumeikan Social Science Review 52(3), 2016: 77-91.
13) Shigyo M, Kono Y, Takaeda M, et al: Analysis of Free Comments Regarding Sexual Assault Among
University Students: Students' Needs to Supportive and Preventive Education. Japanese journal of college
mental health 3, 2019: 135-143.
14) Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: 2019 National Health and Nutrition Survey: (https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_14156.html) (date accessed: July 21, 2022)
15) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology: Courses of Study for Elementary
Schools:(https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_detail/__icsFiles/
afieldfile/2010/11/29/syo.pdf) (date accessed: October 18, 2022)
16) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology: Junior High School Courses of Study:(https://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/new-cs/youryou/chu/__icsFiles/
afieldfile/2010/12/16/121504.pdf) (date accessed: October 18, 2022)
17) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology: High School Courses of Study: (https://www.mext.go.jp/content/1384661_6_1_3.pdf) (date accessed: October 18, 2022)
18) Enoki K: A Study of the Effectiveness of Smoking Prevention Education. Journal of education design 11,2022:1-8.
19) Hasegawa Y: Smoking Violations on a Smoke-free Campus. Journal of the Faculty of Letters Okayama
University 61, 2014: 1-18.
20) Okusa N, Masuno K, Matsumoto H, et al: Investigation of Current Smoking Status of Dentistry Students
Among Smoke-Free Premises in Dental University Hospital. The Japanese Association of Smoking
Control Science 13(4), 2019: 1-7.
21) Kataoka A, Muraki I, Kikuchi H, et al: Current status and intention to change indoor smoking rules by
enforcing smoke-free legislation in Japan. Jpn J Public Health 68(10), 2021: 682-694.

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P10【原著】

大阪歯科大学1～3学年での喫煙状況と生活習慣～歯学部・医療保健学部での比較検討～
大草 亘孝、大西 愛、前岨 亜優子、梶 貢三子、中井 真理子、角 陽一、上村 守、今井 弘一、田中 昭男、王 宝禮

大阪歯科大学附属病院の全面禁煙化に伴い，歯科医師・歯科衛生士・歯科技工士を目指す学生の喫煙状況，病院敷地内の全面禁煙に対する意見，生活習慣について調査を行い、今後の禁煙教育の充実を図るためにアンケートを実施し、2019年度の歯学部・医療保健学部の1年生から3年生634名で、禁煙教育及び禁煙支援対策、生活習慣の改善に必要な情報を得ることを目的とした。調査対象は歯学部1～3年生398名、医療保健学部236名で、欠席等を除外した542名（歯学部321名、
医療保健学部221名）から回答を得た。喫煙者は歯学部で15名（4.7％）、医療保健学部で7名（3.2％）であった。禁煙教
育を受けていない学生の割合は，歯学部36.1％，医療保健学部48.9％であった．週1回以上の飲酒は歯学部22.7%、医療保健学部10.3%、週1回以上の外食は歯学部76.3%、医療保健学部53.7%で、いずれも歯学部の方が高い割合であった。アルバ
イトは、歯学部の学生の47.1%、保健学科の学生の84.3%が行っており、医療保健学部の方が多く、学部間に差がみられた。禁煙教育未受講者は、飲食店での飲酒、外食、アルバイトの頻度が高く、受動喫煙にさらされる可能性が高いことがわかった。歯学部の学生には友人との外食時に受動喫煙のリスクがあるため入学直後に注意喚起を行うのが理想的であり、医療保健学部の学生にはアルバイトをする際に注意喚起を行うのが理想的であることが示唆された。

（初回投稿日：2022年8月8日)

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P11

さいたま市立病院

舘野博喜

Email:Hrk06tateno@aol.com
本シリーズでは、最近の禁煙科学に関する医学情報を要約して紹介しています。医学論文や学会発表等から有用と思われたものを、あくま
で私的ではありますが選別し、医療専門職以外の方々にも読みやすい形で提供することを目的としています。より詳細な内容につきまして
は、併記の原著等をご参照ください。

2022/08 目

次

KKE315「タバコの主流煙からは生きた細菌が検出される」

KKE315「タバコの主流煙からは生きた細菌が検出される 」
Leena Malayil等、Environ Res. 2022 Sep;212(Pt D):113462. PMID: 35580667→タバコの有害物質のリストには多くの発癌物質などが含まれるが、喫煙者の健康を損ねる可能性のある一種類の成分が抜けている；微生物である。
→タバコは農業製品であり、微生物を豊富に含む。
→市販のタバコにも多種の微生物が含まれることを示す研究が増えていながら、これまであまり注意を払われてこなかった。
→ 過去の 報告では 培養検 査を 用いて、Actinomycetes、Bacillus、MAC 菌など が同定さ れており、最近では
16SrRNA遺伝子の次世代シークエンス（NGS）技術を用いて、紙巻タバコや無煙タバコ、葉巻タバコなどの細菌叢がより詳細に検証されている。
→しかし、タバコにいる微生物が、エアロゾル化され、主流煙中の微粒子として吸入され得るかどうかは不明
である。
→過去には、タバコフィルターから生きたMAC菌が回収された報告がひとつだけあり、タバコの中央部分にいる
細菌は高温でも生き延びる可能性がある。
→今回、2種類の市販の紙巻タバコを用い、フィルターの有無、培養とNGSでの比較も含め、主流煙中の微生物につき検証した。
→紙巻タバコは、キャメルのフィルターなし、キャメル・レッド（フィルターあり）、ポール・モール（フィルターなし）、ポール・モール・レッド（フィルターあり）、の4種類を、ワシントンD.C.都市圏のコンビニで購入した。
→先端（口をつけない側）の1cmを清潔な条件下で切断し、25mlのTSB培地で37度x24時間培養した：A（濃縮非燃焼タバコ葉抽出物）。
→その次の1cmも切断し、1mlの冷PBS緩衝液に入れ、DNA抽出まで-80度で保存した：B（非燃焼タバコ葉検体）。
→残りのタバコ（2cm短くなった）を、口をつける側から膜フィルター（0.22μmx47mm、ポリエーテルスルホン）カートリッジに装着した。

→ライターで先端に着火し、カートリッジにポンプをつなぎ、タバコ煙を断続的に5分間吸引した。

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P12→その後、膜フィルターを取り出し、25mlのTSB培地で37度x24時間培養した：C（濃縮タバコ煙抽出物）。
→AとCの濃縮液から1mlを分けとり、-80度で保存しDNA抽出に用いた。
→また100μlをTSA寒天培地に散布し37度x24時間培養し、1コロニーから迅速熱溶解法でDNA抽出を行い、16S
rRNA PCR増幅に使用した。
→3種の検体からはまた、各々全DNA抽出物を精製した。
→これらのDNA検体から16S rRNA遺伝子PCRを行い、1コロニーからの抽出DNAはサンガー法で、全DNA抽出物はNGS（イルミナHiSeq2500）で塩基配列を決定し解析した。
→TSA寒天培地では、フィルター付きタバコのC検体からはコロニーは得られず、フィルターなしタバコからはキャメル、ポール・モールともコロニーが得られた。
NGSでは最終的に1,128OTUsにクラスタリングされた。

→キャメルから培養された最多菌属は、Bacillus spp.であり、フィルターなしA・C、フィルターありBから得られた。
→ キ ャ メ ル か ら の 培 養 で は 他 に、フ ィ ル タ ー な し C か ら Terribacillus spp.、フ ィ ル タ ー あ り B か ら
Lysinibacillus spp.などが得られた。
→非培養検体から同定された菌属は、Bacillus、Paenibacillus、Pseudomonas、が、フィルターの有無や検体種によらず、キャメルから得られた3大菌属であった。
→C検体では、Bacillus属が最多で、平均相対存在量はフィルターありキャメルで 57.14%、フィルターなし
キャメルで36.73%であった。
→ポール・モールから培養された最多菌属も同様に、Bacillus spp.であった。
→またフィルターなしC検体から、Paenibacillus spp.と、Desulfotomaculum spp.がフィルターなしA検体から、Pseudomonas spp.が得られた。
→非培養検体から同定された3大菌属は、キャメルと同様であったが、C検体で最多だったのは、Pseudomonas属
で、平均相対存在量はフィルターありで57.14%、フィルターなしで36.73%であった。
→その他の細菌分類群としてC検体から、P. veronii, Janthinobacterium lividum, 未分類 Aeromonadaceae,
未分類 Sphingomonas, 未分類 Curvibacter, 未分類 Oxalobacteriaceae, 未分類 Citrobacter、が得られた。
銘柄間の比較では、非培養検体のデーターは類似していた。
→ポール・モールでは、J. lividumの相対存在量が、C検体で多くB検体で少なかった。
→キャメルでは、検体ごとに特徴的な細菌分類群が見られた。
A：Erwinia, Aeromonadaceae, Enterobacter, Sphingomonas, Curvibacter, Citrobacter
B：L. boronitolerans, C. butyricum
C：B. clausii, Terribacillus, B. flexus→ポール・モールで3検体に見られた細菌分類群（Bacillus, Pseudomonas, P. veronii）は、キャメルと類似していた。
→ポール・モールで特徴的に見られたのは下記であった。
A：Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, E. cloacae, Sphingomonas, Citrobacter, B. clausii, Erwinia,
Terribacillus
B：Clostridium, C. butyricum, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus, B. cereus, L. boronitolerans
C：J. lividum, Oxalobacteraceae→市販タバコの主流煙からは、生きた細菌が検出される。

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P13＜選者コメント＞
夏の夜に、ちょっとゾッとするような報告です。
コンビニで普通に売っているタバコから、タバコ葉のみならず、火をつけて吸った煙からも、生きた細菌が多種検出されました。ふだん呼吸している空気も無菌ではありませんが、それに加えて多種の細菌を吸入する
ことは、キモいのみならず口腔鼻腔を含む気道に負荷をかけることになるでしょう。
今回フィルターつきタバコの主流煙からは、細菌が培養されませんでしたが、培養せずにDNAを検出する方法
では、フィルターの有無に関わらず主流煙から検出される細菌叢が類似しており、培地の選択など検査感度の問題も考えられます。
これらの菌が、直接病気を引き起こすかについては、今後の課題と思われますが、免疫低下状態やもともと気道が傷んでいる場合などではとくに、腐生したり病原性を発揮する可能性も考えられます。

タバコ煙の有害物質のリストに追記したい報告です。

＜その他の最近の報告＞
KKE315a「Covid-19挿管患者へのニコチンパッチRCTは死亡率に差なし」
Guylaine Labro等、Intensive Care Med. 2022 Jul;48(7):876-887. PMID: 35676335
KKE315b「飼い猫の口腔内扁平上皮癌のリスク因子のひとつは環境タバコ煙：イタリアの症例対照研究」
Riccardo Zaccone等、J Vet Intern Med. 2022 Jul;36(4):1398-1408. PMID: 35633064
KKE315c「インドの児童婚では幼く結婚する女子ほど成人期の喫煙率が高い」
Biplab K Datta等、BMC Womens Health. 2022 Jun 3;22(1):206. PMID: 35655201
KKE315d「タバコを喫煙すると肺血流が減少し電子タバコでは増加する：MRI実験」

Sylvia Nyilas等、Radiology. 2022 Jul;304(1):195-204. PMID: 35380498
KKE315e「加熱式タバコ喫煙者もコロナワクチン接種後の抗体価が低い：日本人3千4百人の調査」
Shohei Yamamoto等、Prev Med. 2022 Aug;161:107123. PMID: 35787841
KKE315f「204か国30年間のCOPDによる疾病負荷：最大の寄与因子は喫煙」
Saeid Safiri等、BMJ. 2022 Jul 27;378:e069679. PMID: 35896191
KKE315g「写真入り包装タバコに変えるとタバコ箱を隠して吸う行動が増える： 米国のRCT」
John P Pierce等、JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2214242. PMID: 35653155
KKE315h「タバコ葉および主流煙中の発癌物質：2022年最新版」
Yupeng Li等、Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Jul;165:113179. PMID: 35643228
KKE315i「ニュージーランドの禁煙ガイドライン：2021年最新版」

Jessica McCormack等、N Z Med J. 2022 Jul 15;135(1558):54-64. PMID: 35834834
KKE315j「未成年者の電子タバコ使用が心肺機能に与える影響に関する米国心臓協会からの声明」
Loren E Wold等、Circ Res. 2022 Jul 22;131(3):e70-e82. PMID: 35726609
KKE315k「喫煙と糖尿病の相互関係：フランスの禁煙および糖尿病学会の共同声明」
Vincent Durlach等、Diabetes Metab. 2022 Jun 29;48(6):101370. PMID: 35779852
KKE315l「トルコ胸部疾患学会の電子タバコと加熱式タバコに関する声明」
Pelin Duru Çetinkay等、Turk Thorac J. 2022 Jul;23(4):296-301. PMID: 35848438
KKE315m「未成年者における受動喫煙を受ける場所と抑うつの関連についての系統的レビュー」
Felicia Christian等、Asia Pac J Public Health. 2022 May 20. PMID: 35596574
KKE315n「癌治療中の患者は喫煙で死亡率が高まり禁煙で下がる：メタ解析」
Christoph Schaefers等、Eur J Cancer. 2022 Sep;172:130-137. PMID: 35763872

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P14

KKE315o「喫煙と乳癌再発の関連についての系統的レビュー」
Muna Alkhaifi等、J Breast Cancer. 2022 May 20. PMID: 35657004
KKE315p「術前禁煙による術後合併症防止は費用対効果がある：系統的レビュー」
Nikki McCaffrey等、Int J Surg. 2022 Jun 25;104:106742. PMID: 35764251
KKE315q「無煙タバコ使用と栄養状態に関するレビュー」
Shikha Saxena等、Public Health Nutr. 2022 May 27;1-10. PMID: 35618706
KKE315r「無煙タバコ・水タバコの肺癌リスクに関するメタ解析」
Imogen Rogers等、Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022 May 1;23(5):1451-1463. PMID: 35633527
KKE315s「紙巻と電子タバコの喫煙がミトコンドリア機能におよぼす影響に関するレビュー」
Manasa Kanithi等、Cells. 2022 May 19;11(10):1688. PMID: 35626724

KKE315t「電子タバコの呼吸器への影響に関するレビュー」
Andrea Jonas、BMJ. 2022 Jul 18;378:e065997. PMID: 35851281
KKE315u「弱者層への超低ニコチンタバコの禁煙効果に関する叙述的レビュー」
Jennifer W Tidey等、Prev Med. 2022 May 26;107099. PMID: 35642796
KKE315v「南アジア地域における禁煙介入の文献レビュー」
Sajid Iqbal等、BMC Public Health. 2022 Jun 1;22(1):1096. PMID: 35650606
KKE315w「社会経済的に不利な女性への禁煙介入効果に関するメタ解析」
Nicola O'Connell等、Syst Rev. 2022 Jun 2;11(1):111. PMID: 35655281
KKE315x「禁煙行動介入の諸因子の効果に関するメタ解析」
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce等、Addiction. 2022 Aug;117(8):2145-2156. PMID: 34985167

KKE315y「喫煙と頚椎術後合併症の関連についてのメタ解析」
Li-Ming Zheng等、Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 2;12(1):9172. PMID: 35654928
KKE315z「喫煙と男性の骨折リスクに関するコホート研究のメタ解析」
Yingke Xu等、Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 3;12(1):9270. PMID: 35661791
KKE315aa「薬物依存症に対する遠隔診療の最新文献レビュー」
Elsa Caballeria等、Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2022 Jul 1;35(4):227-236. PMID: 35674721
KKE315ab「喫煙は広範な疾患と因果関係がある：メンデルランダム化研究のメタ解析」
Susanna C Larsson等、EBioMedicine. 2022 Aug;82:104154. PMID: 35816897
KKE315ac「喫煙が結核免疫におよぼす影響に関するレビュー」
Diana H Quan等、Eur Respir Rev. 2022 Jun 7;31(164):210252. PMID: 35675921

KKE315ad「米国黒人へのバレニクリン投与は禁煙率を高める：RCT」
Lisa Sanderson Cox等、JAMA. 2022 Jun 14;327(22):2201-2209. PMID: 35699705
KKE315ae「2型糖尿病患者へのバレニクリン投与は禁煙率を高める：イタリアのRCT」
Cristina Russo等、JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2217709. PMID: 35727580
KKE315af「水タバコ喫煙者へのバレニクリン投与小規模RCTは差なし：レバノン」
Hassan A Chami等、Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Jul 5;ntac162. PMID: 35789389
KKE315ag「ニコチン濃度の高い電子タバコは減煙希望者への禁煙効果がある：米国RCT」
Jonathan Foulds等、Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Jun 15;24(7):955-961. PMID: 34850164
KKE315ah「受動喫煙は閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸症候群と関連する：メタ解析」
Chen-Wei Chang等、Environ Health. 2022 Jun 16;21(1):58. PMID: 35710478
KKE315ai「精神疾患患者への禁煙支援に運動を加えると短期禁煙率が高まる：メタ解析」

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P15

Stefanie E Schöttl等、BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022 Jun 21;14(1):115. PMID: 35729669
KKE315aj「喫煙が慢性疼痛に与える影響に関する文献レビュー」
Christopher L Robinson等、Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2022 Jun 22. PMID: 35731364
KKE315ak「電子タバコに替えるとタバコ依存度は減るが電子タバコ依存度が増えニコチン依存は変わらない：
米国RCT」
Jessica Yingst等、Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Jun 25;ntac153. PMID: 35752091
KKE315al「バレニクリン＋電子タバコは禁煙率を高める傾向がある：英国の小規模RCT」
Harry Tattan-Birch等、Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Jun 23;ntac149. PMID: 35738868
KKE315am「退院後も継続する禁煙介入には短期禁煙効果がある：米国大規模RCT」
Nancy A Rigotti等、JAMA Intern Med. 2022 Aug 1;182(8):814-824. PMID: 35759282

KKE315an「CT肺癌検診に電話＋NRTによる禁煙介入を加えると効果的：米国RCT」
Kathryn L Taylor等、J Natl Cancer Inst. 2022 Jul 12;djac127. PMID: 35818122
KKE315ao「ソーシャルメディアを介したタバコ製品への曝露はタバコ使用を2倍高める：メタ解析」
Scott I Donaldson等、JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Jul 11;e222223. PMID: 35816331
KKE315ap「禁煙介入効果の都市部と地方での差：メタ解析」
Lucille Vance等、Int J Drug Policy. 2022 Aug;106:103775. PMID: 35772266
KKE315aq「加熱式・電子タバコが歯周病やインプラントに与える影響に関する系統的レビュー」
Francesco D'Ambrosio等、Dent J (Basel). 2022 Jun 8;10(6):103. PMID: 35735645
KKE315ar「紙巻き・加熱式・電子タバコ煙のmiRNAを介する遺伝子発現への影響に関する系統的レビュー」
Paulina Natalia Kopa-Stojak等、Toxicol Mech Methods. 2022 Jun 19;1-20. PMID: 35722939

KKE315as「IQOSからの放出物は煙で有害か？：放出化学物質に関するレビュー」
Clement N Uguna等、ACS Omega. 2022 Jun 22;7(26):22111-22124. PMID: 35811880
KKE315at「タバコ添加物に関する欧州12タバコ産業からの報告は不十分：レビュー」
Anne Havermans等、Tob Prev Cessat. 2022 Jul 5;8:27. PMID: 35860504
KKE315au「三次喫煙物質についてのレビュー」
Jia-Xun Wu等、Toxics. 2022 Jun 30;10(7):363.. PMID: 35878269
KKE315av「精神疾患と薬物依存の有無による集団認知行動療法＋薬物療法の禁煙介入長期効果の違い」
Danielle Ruiz Lima等、Psychiatry Res. 2022 Sep;315:114722. PMID: 35841703
KKE315aw「ニコチンの皮膚科手術への影響に関するレビュー」
Mauricio F Jin等、Dermatol Surg. 2022 Jul 20. PMID: 35862721

KKE315ax「喫煙と膵癌発症についてのレビュー」
Muhammad Subhan等、Cureus. 2022 Jun 16;14(6):e26009. PMID: 35859955
KKE315ay「1週間バレニクリン飲み禁煙より減煙しつつ6週バレニクリン飲み禁煙の方が成功する：COPDでのRCT」
Abraham Bohadana等、Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022 Jul 22. PMID: 35877930
KKE315az「ドライアイへの経鼻的バレニクリン投与に関するレビュー」
Kimberly L Zitko等、J Pharm Pract. 2022 Jun 15. PMID: 35703427

禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08-P16【報告】【第２８５回全国禁煙アドバイザー育成講習会

大阪・ハイブリッド開催】◆開催日：(1)２０２２年８月７日（日）ハイブリッド開催
現地参加 ：大阪商業大学 ４１１教室（４号館一階）
ウェブ参加：ZOOM配信(2)２０２２年９月２４日（土）録画放映
ウェブ参加：ZOOM配信◆主催：日本禁煙科学会、禁煙マラソン◆後援：健康日本２１推進全国連絡協議会【主たるプログラム】
セッション1「禁煙最新情報」～ニコチンタールゼロタバコ、加熱式タバコから禁煙の認知行動療法まで
日本禁煙科学会 高橋裕子

セッション2「イマドキの禁煙支援」 ～認知行動療法～
大阪商業大学 東山明子
セッション3「その気になれば誰でもできる禁煙外来談」
医療生協かわち野 東大阪生協病院

看護師 高田寿子

セッション4「喫煙者が禁煙継続者に変わるポイント」～禁煙成功者体験談～「Ｑ＆Ａ」(現地参加時のみ)

禁煙マラソン禁煙科学 16巻(2022)-08

日本禁煙科学会ＨＰ
URL:https://www.jascs.jp/※日本禁煙科学会ホームページのアドレスです。
※スマホ等でのアクセスは、右のQRコードをご利用下さい。

ふえる笑顔

禁煙ロゴ

筋肉の疾患で体の不自由な浦上秀樹さん（埼玉県在住）が、口に筆を取って書いてくださった書画です。「けんこうなしゃかい

ふえるえがお」でという文字を使って『禁煙』をかたどっています。

※拡大画像は日本禁煙科学会ホームページでご覧頂けます。
※スマホ等でのアクセスは、右のQRコードをご利用下さい。
URL：https://www.jascs.jp/gif/egao_logo_l.jpg

編集委員会
編集委員長
編集委員

中山健夫
野田隆 東山明子 高橋裕子

日本禁煙科学会
学会誌 禁煙科学 第１６巻 （０８）２０２２年（令和４年）８月発行
ＵＲＬ： https://www.jascs.jp/
事務局：〒630-8113 奈良県奈良市法蓮町 948-4
めぐみクリニック（未成年者禁煙支援センター）内Ｅ－ｍａｉｌ：