Annual Report 2010
Global Centre of Excellence Kyoto University Centre for Maritime Studies National University of Singapore
Transport Logistics Joint Research Centre(For period 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2011)
This report covers the research activities of the GCOE Kyoto University-CMS NUS Joint
Research Centre of Transport Logistics for the period from 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2011. The
memorandum of understanding for the research collaboration and establishing of the GCOECMS Transport Logistics Joint Research Centre was signed on 1 October 2008.

1. Description of Research Areas
The research activities of the Joint Research Centre during the period of review focus on thefollowing four areas: (a) Multimodal freight transport simulation, (b) Electronic road pricing
studies, and (c) Quantitative risk assessment on Singapore Port and Straits of Malacca.
(a) Multimodal Freight Transport Simulation
In this project, the current research emphasis is on simulation of the land-sea intermodal freight
handling of a container port. Although there are many commercial simulation softwares such as
Arena, Anylogic, Automod, Extend, Em-plant, Flexsim, Promodel, Witness, Swarm, Netlogo,
Repast, etc. available in the market, most of them are used for building industrial models. The
details of the lower level implementation are hidden to users; and many algorithms especially for
realtime decision making algorithms, such as vehicle dispatch, yard crane dispatch, etc. areprovided for very limited customization applications. They are short of certain generality andflexibility, such as using plug-and-play alternative algorithms and external mathematical solvers.
The proposed simulation software for port operations is based on the actual layout of terminals.
The key elements of this simulation include berth length, container yard, quay cranes, yard
cranes and yard trucks. Unlike other simulation software, the proposed simulation software will
be developed using open architecture. This will leads to advantages such as flexibility andportability. It will be customized according to user’s needs for the port community, withconsideration of maintaining a high level user friendliness and time efficiency.
(b) Electronic Road Pricing Studies
Cordon-based congestion pricing scheme is an effective toll to ameliorate traffic congestions inCentral Business District (CBD) of modern cities, in view of many practices in Singapore,
London and Scandinavia. A pricing cordon refers to certain area in the CBD, each entry to whichis levied by a toll charge. The toll design problem aims to determination toll charge on each entryof the cordons that can optimize a predetermined objective. Some system-wide indexes areusually taken as such an objective, including total travel time, total social benefit and overall toll
revenue. Focusing on the practical implementations of cordon-based congestion pricing scheme,
our studies contribute to the toll design problem and theoretically analyze the impacts ofcongestion pricing on the transportation system.
(c) Quantitative risk assessment on Singapore Port and Straits of Malacca
The Straits of Malacca are one of the world’s most important and busiest international waterways.
This necessitates the conclusion that safety issues are of utmost concern in view of theirimportance to the global economy. They are a key waterway linking the Indian and Pacific
Oceans, offering a convenient shipping passage for sea freight between East Asia and Europe, as
well as West and South Asia. In addition, the strategic importance of the straits is significantly
enhanced with the presence of excellent port services provided by three major ports along thestraits, making it a regional logical logistics hub for the ten Southeast Asian countries, and a
global shipping and logistics center serving a shipping traffic network covering Asia, Europe,
Australia/Oceania, and Africa.
The globally strategic importance of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore is borne out by the factthat it is the energy, trade and logistics gateway to the world’s most populous regions of East
Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. About 70,000 ships carrying one-quarter of the world’scommerce and half of the world’s oil pass through the Straits each year. A disruption of theStraits by either man-made or natural hazards would have wide ranging economic impacts of a
global scale.
2. Organization of Events
During the period covered by this report, the GCOE-CMS Joint Research Centre organized thefollowing events:(a)Straits of Malacca & Singapore as a Global Maritime Critical Infrastructure
WorkshopThis workshop, organized by the Global Centre of Excellence (GCOE) Kyoto University –Centre for Maritime Studies (CMS) National University of Singapore Transport Logistics Joint
Research Centre, was held on 30th April 2010, at the CMS Conference Room. Participants camenot only from Singapore and Japan, but also from other parts of the world including Malaysia,
Indonesia, Korea, Canada, France and Switzerland. They included researchers, academics,
industry stakeholders, government personnel, port authority personnel and consultants.
The workshop opened with welcome addresses by the Centre for Maritime Studies and Kyoto
University, which also laid the background for the workshop and emphasized the importance andsignificance of the workshop’s topic at hand. Following that was a day of presentations,discussions and sharing of thoughts and insights. A total of 11 speakers made presentations on
their relevant area of expertise. The presentations are as listed below.

Presentation 1: Challenges to Governance of Global Critical Infrastructures by Prof. Wolfgang
Kroeger.
Presentation 2: Straits of Malacca and Singapore as a Global Maritime Critical Infrastructure by
Mr. Arief H. Oegroseno.
Presentation 3: Risk Assessment of Shipping Traffic: Maritime Accidents by Prof. Ibrahim
Mohamed.
Presentation 4: An Economic Impact Analysis of a Disruption of an International Port: Towards
Disaster Risk Governance of Global Critical Infrastructure by Prof. Hirokazu Tatano.
Presentation 5: Straits of Malacca & Singapore as a Global Maritime Critical Infrastructure by
Prof. Sutanto Soehodho.
Presentation 6: Meteorological and/or Climatic Events/Hazards on the Operation of Global HubPort System (Busan) by Prof. Cheong-Ro Ryu.
Presentation 7: Conflict Resolution within a System of Systems Engineering Perspective by Prof.
Keith W. Hipel.
Presentation 8: External Hazards and Natech Risks by Dr. Ana Maria Cruz.
Presentation 9: Economic Impacts of a Blockade in Straits of Malacca by Prof. Seevaratnam
Vijayakala.
Presentation 10: Quantitative Risk Assessment for Maritime Transportation: State of the Art by
Dr. Li Suyi.
Presentation 11: Location-Routing Problem for Liner Shipping Service by Dr. Lu Kebo.

(b)

Task Force Meeting for Straits of Malacca & Singapore as a Global Maritime
Critical Infrastructure Workshop

0n May 1, 2010, participants were invited to join a post-workshop Task Force Meeting to discuss
the following:
1)
Identifying agenda for 2nd IRGC-KU Policy Dialogue Workshop
2)
Brainstorming and preparing for the Workshop
A total of 15 participants attended the meeting.

(c)The Fourth Workshop on Transport Logistics

Global Centre of Excellence (GCOE) Kyoto University – Centre for Maritime Studies (CMS)
National University of Singapore Transport Logistics Joint Research Centre jointly with Kyoto
University Global COE Program “Global Center for Education and Research on Human Security
Engineering for Asian Megacities organized The Fourth Workshop on Transport Logistics on
27th September 2010 at Katsura Campus, Kyoto University. Several researchers from three
institutions, Kyoto University, National University of Singapore and Monash University
participated in the workshop.
The workshop started with welcome addresses from Prof. Eiichi Taniguchi (Kyoto University)and Prof. Tien F. Fwa (National University of Singapore). It was then followed by a series ofpresentations as listed below:
Presentation 1: “City Logistics Policies – Overview” by Prof. Eiichi Taniguchi (Kyoto
University)
Presentation 2: “Transport Logistics Issues of Port Cities” by Prof. Tien F. Fwa (National
University of Singapore)
Presentation 3: “Method of Extracting Characteristics of Truck Road Usage from GPS Data” by
Prof. Takayoshi Yokota (Kyoto University)
Presentation 4: “Model and Algorithm for Intermodal Hub-and-Spoke Network Design with
Stochastic Equilibrium Flows” by Prof. Qiang Meng (National University of Singapore)
Presentation 5: “Estimating Personal Physical Activity from Transport” by Dr. Russell G.
Thompson (Monash University)
Presentation 6: “Conflict Analysis for Mixed Traffic Flow with Motorcycle” by Prof. Yasuhiro
Shiomi (Kyoto University)
Presentation 7: “Exact Solution of the Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft Time
Windows” by Prof. Ali G. Qureshi (Kyoto University)
Presentation 8: “Speed-based Toll Design for Congestion Pricing” by Mr. Zhiyuan Liu (National
University of Singapore)
Presentation 9: “A Route Choice Model based on Evolutionary Game Theory considering theTravel Time Reliability and Traffic Impediments” by Mr. Naohiro Uchiyama (Kyoto University)
Presentation 10: “Fuel Consumption Prediction Model for “ECO” Route Search” by Ms. Mariko
Okude (Kyoto University)

(d)2nd International Workshop on Risk Governance of the Maritime Global Critical
Infrastructure
Global Centre of Excellence (GCOE) Kyoto University – Centre for Maritime Studies (CMS)
National University of Singapore Transport Logistics Joint Research Centre jointly with
Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University (DPRI), International Risk GovernanceCouncil (IRGC) organized the 2nd International Workshop on Risk Governance of the Maritime
Global Critical Infrastructure on 6th to 7th November 2010 at Wood Composite Hall, UjiCampus, Kyoto University.
A total of 44 participants attended the workshop. Participation from private shipping companies
and government officials in addition to researchers in the field made the workshop successful toachieve its objectives.

(e)

Research seminars in Transport Logistics

A research seminar is organized in Kyoto University which was opened to all GCOE members
and to JSCE Infrastructure planning group. Also several research seminars are organized in NUS
which are open to all academic departments within NUS to encourage interaction and exchangeof ideas. Faculty members, researchers, and graduate research students of the following NUS
academic departments have participated in the seminar series: Departments of Civil Engineering,
Department f Decision Sciences, Department of Economics, Department of Industrial & Systems
Engineering, and the School of Computing. The following research seminars were held during
the period covered by this report:
DATE

1st April 2010
15th April 2010
23rd April 2010

12th August
2010
19th August2010
2nd September
2010
9th September
2010
9th September
2010

TOPIC & SPEAKER

ATTENDEES PLACE

International Container Flow Modeling andApplication by Mr Wang Shuaian
Simulation of Port Operations for Port Analysis Using
MicroPort by Ms Bagga Geeta & Miss Fiora Li
Implementation of the Emission Trading Scheme in
the Maritime Industry: An Experimental Analysis by
Mr Chua Thiam Hao
General Model for Multi-period Sea Cargo Mix
Scheduling in Liner Shipping Industry by Dr Li
Rongheng
Quantitative Risk Assessment Model Development for
the Straits of Malacca and Singapore by Mr Li Suyi

16

NUS

18

NUS

27

NUS

11

NUS

13

NUS

Optimizing Yard Layout in Container Terminals by Dr
Lee Byung Kwon
Bi-Modal terminal and Mid-corridor connect
intermodal solutions – A new leap in Freight
Productivity
Maritime Piracy in Somalia & Gulf of Aden:
International Legal Challenges by Ms Ticy V Thomas

15

NUS
KU

11

NUS

16th September
2010

A Simulation Framework for Mega-sized Container
Terminals by Dr Sun Zhuo

9

NUS

23rd September
2010
30th September
2010
7th October 2010
21st October
2010
28th October
2010

Carbon Footprinting Project for Jurong Port Mr Calvin
by Tan Jia En
The Preliminary Overview of Jurong Port by Miss Hu
Dan
Route Design for Liner Shipping Service Dr Lu Kebo
Sector-based Risk Evaluation for the Singapore Strait
by Mr Qu Xiaobo
The Development of Floating Transshippers as
Alternatives to Bulk Terminal in Asia by Mr Chung
Chee Kit
Road Transportation in Singapore by Mr Kusuhiro
Okabayashi
Applying ERP System to Urban Areas in Tokyo by
Mr Shogo Ogawa
Two Kinds of Fuzzy Logic Controllers for Dynamic
Positioning Systems by Mr Chen Xuetao
Service Trade of Japan: A Critical Survey byProfessor Shigeyuki Abe
Sample Average Approximation Method for SMPEC
Problem and CVaR Optimization by Dr Meng Fanwen
The Seminar on an Instrumented Traffic Information
Platform for Human Security Engineering by Dr.
Russell G. Thompson and Dr. Majid Sarvi
Emission Accounting and Analysis Framework forPorts by Mr. Li Juxin
Japanese Port Development and Management System
by Dr. Hiroyuki Nishijima
Changing port–city relations at Amsterdam: A newphase at the interface? by Dr Bart W Wiegmans
Discussion forum:1. Ports, maritime terminals anddeep-sea; 2. Intermodal (inland waterway, rail, inland
terminals) by Dr Bart W Wiegmans
Port and terminal selection by deep-sea container
operators by Dr Bart W Wiegmans
A framework of Global Freight Demand Forecasting begin from Mode Choice Modelling by Dr Yang Dong
Post Port Visit Discussion by Prof Tan Kok Choon

21

NUS

16

NUS

17
15

NUS
NUS

22

NUS

12

NUS

4th November
2010

11th November
2010
13th December
2010
20th January
2011
21st January
2011
27th January
2011
17th February
2011
24 February
2011
1 March 2011

3rd March 2011
10th March 2011
17th March 2011
24th March 2011
31st March 2011

Liner shipping network design under hub-and-spoke
operation with multiple allocation Dr Zheng Jianfeng
Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for the Straits ofMalacca and Singapore – Model development andcase study by Mr Li Suyi

NUS
15

NUS

13

NUS

9

NUS

16

KU

13

NUS

18

NUS

22

NUS

13

NUS

20

NUS

18

NUS

22

NUS

22

NUS
NUS

3. Participation in Events
Researchers of the Joint Research Centre participated in various events during the period ofreport as recorded below:
Papers presented by NUS researchers
1) Prof Meng Qiang participated in the International Symposium on Maritime Logistics andSupply Chain Systems, 23-24 April 2009, Riverview Hotel, Singapore and presented thefollowing papers: “A Linearized Approach for the Liner Ship Fleet Planning with
Demand Uncertainty.”
2) Prof Meng Qiang participated in the 8th EASTS Conference, 16-19 Nov 2009, Surabaya,
Indonesia and presented a paper on “Development of a Novel Quantitative Risk
Assessment Software Tool for Road Tunnels.”3) Dr Lu, K. participated in the GCOE Kyoto University - Centre for Maritime Studies NUS,
Transport Logistics Joint Research Centre, Regional Cluster Meeting on Straits ofMalacca & Singapore as a Global Maritime Critical Infrastructure (MGCI) held in
Singapore 30 April - 1 May 2010 and presented a paper on “Location-routing Problem
for Liner Shipping Service.”
4) Prof Meng Qiang participated in the 7th Triennial Symposium on Transportation
Analysis (TRISTAN), 20-25 June 2010, Rica Ishavshotel, Tromso, Norway andpresented a paper on “A Long-term Liner Ship Fleet Planning Problem with Container
Shipment Demand Uncertainty.”
5) Prof Meng Qiang and Lu, K. participated in the International Association of Maritime
Economists (IAME), 2010 Annual Conference of the International Association of
Maritime Economists. Lisbon, Portugal 7-9 July 2010 and presented a paper on “Liner
Shipping Network Capacity Reliability Analysis.”6) Prof Meng Qiang participated in the 12th World Conference on Transportation Research,
11-15 July 2010, Lisboa Congress Center, Lisbon, Portugal and presented a paper on“Availability of Trial-and-effort Method for the Cordon-based Congestion Pricing
Scheme with Probit-based Stochastic User Equilibrium Constraints.”
7) Prof Meng Qiang participated in the 1st International Conference on Logistics andMaritime Systems held in Bushan, South Korea, 15-17 Sept 2010 and presented a paperon “Liner Ship Fleet Deployment with Container Transshipment and Demand
Uncertainty.”
8) Prof Meng Qiang participated in the 90th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research
Board held in Washington, D.C. 23-27 January 2011 and presented a paper on “Schedule
Design and Container Routing in Liner Shipping.”

Papers presented by Kyoto University researchers
1) Ms. Antal van Kolck participated in the The 3rd International Conference on
Transportation and Logistics held in Fukuoka, Japan, 6-8 September 2010 and presented
a paper “Multi-agent model for a dynamic urban distribution center.”2) Prof. Eiichi Taniguchi participated in the 24th ARRB Conference held in Melbourne,
Australia, 12-15 October 2010 and presented on “Sustainable network capacity – In caseof freight transport” in the Plenary session.
3) Prof. Yasuhiro Shiomi participated in the AIT-KU Joint Symposium on Human Security
Engineering for Asian Megacities held in Bangkok, Thailand, 25-26 November, 2010 andpresented paper on “Conflict analysis for traffic flow dominated by motorcycles based onvideo image data”.
4) Dr. Kunnawee Kanitpong participated in the AIT-KU Joint Symposium on Human
Security Engineering for Asian Megacities held in Bangkok, Thailand, 25-26 November,2010 and presented paper on “Driver typology and speeding behavior in speed
enforcement zone”.
5) Prof. Eiichi Taniguchi participated the 90th TRB Annual Meeting held in Washington D.
C. USA, 23-27 January 2011 and presented a poster on “Estimating benefits ofconsidering travel time variability in urban distribution”.

4. Published Papers
Papers by NUS researchers
1) Meng, Q. and Wang, T.S., 2010. A chance constrained programming model for shortterm liner ship fleet planning problems. Maritime Police and Management, 37(4), pp.329346, 4 July 2010.
2) Meng, Q. and Khoo, H. L. (2010). A Pareto optimization Approach for A Fair Ramp
Metering. Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies, 18, No.4, 489-506,
August 2010.
3) Lee, D.H. and Meng, Q. (2010). Origin-Based Partial Linearized Method for the
Stochastic User Equilibrium Traffic Assignment Problem”. Journal of Transportation
Engineering-ASCE, 136, no. 1 (2010): 52-60. (United States).
4) Wang, X. and Meng, Q., The impact of landbridge on the market shares of Asian ports.
Transportation Research Part E. (2011) 190-203.
5) Meng, Q. and Wang, T. , A Scenario-based dynamic programming model for multiperiod liner ship fleet planning. Transportation Research Part E. (2011) 401-413.

6) Meng, Q. and Wang, S., Liner shipping service network design with empty container
repositioning. Transportation Research Record. (2011) Accepted in Press.
7) Meng, Q. and Wang, X.C., Utility-based probabilistic port hinterland estimation forintermodal freight transportation networks. Transportation Research Record. (2010).
Papers by Kyoto University researchers1) Qureshi, A. G., Taniguchi, E. and Yamada, T. (2010). A column generation based
approach for the dynamic vehicle routing and scheduling problem with soft time
windows. TRISTAN VII. June 20-25, Tromso, Norway.
2) Ando, N., Arima, K., Taniguchi, E. and Yamada, T. (2010). Evaluating routes on urban
road network using mean-variance approach. 4th International Symposium on
Transportation Network Reliability. June 22-23, Minneapolis, USA.
3) Uchiyama, N. and Taniguchi, E. (2010). A route choice model based on evolutionary
game theory considering the travel time reliability and traffic impediments. 12th WCTR.
July 11-15, Lisbon, Portugal.
4) Qureshi, A. G., Taniguchi, E. and Yamada, T. (2010). An analysis of VRPTW exact
solutions based on realistic logistics instances. EProceedings of The 3rd International
Conference on Transporatation and Logistics. September 6-8, Fukuoka, Japan.
5) Maruyama, A., Taniguchi, E., Yamada, T. and Ando, N. (2010). 近赤外分光法を用いた脳血流動態測定による都市内道路の走りやすさ評価に関する研究. 第 30 回交通工学研究発表会論文集. September 21-22, Tokyo, Japan.
6) Yamaba, Y., Taniguchi, E. and Qureshi, A. G. (2010). A study on evaluation of
distribution policies considering behavior of transportation companies. Proceedings of
9th ITS Symposium. December 10-11, Kyoto, Japan.
7) Qureshi, A. G, Taniguchi, E. and Yamada, T. (2010). Column generation-based heuristics
for vehicle routing problem with soft time windows. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society
for Transportation Studies, 8, 827-841.
8) Pradhananga, R., Taniguchi, E. and Yamada, T. (2010). Optimization of vehicle routing
and scheduling problem with time window constraints in hazardous materialtransportation. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 8, 790-803.
9) Pradhananga, R., Taniguchi, E. and Yamada, T. (2010). Ant colony system based routing
and scheduling for hazardous material transportation. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 2(3), 6097-6108.

10) Ando, N., Arima, K., Nakamura, Y., Yamada, T. and Taniguchi, E. (2010). A route
choice model considering mean travel time and its variance on road networks.
Infrastructure Planning Review, 27(4), 779-785.
11) Qureshi, A. G., Schreiner, S., Taniguchi, E. and Yamada, T. (2010). Vehicle routing
problem with soft time windows and path choice. Infrastructure Planning Review, 27(4).
12) Thompson, R. G., Taniguchi, E. and Yamada, T. (2011). Estimating benefits ofconsidering travel time variability in urban distribution. Transportation Research Record.
Accepted (In press).

5. Progress and Findings of Research
The progress and findings of the research activities in the main focus areas of the Joint ResearchCentre are presented in this section.

(a) Multimodal Freight Transport Simulation
The simulation software being developed in called MicroPort. A “Workspace” has beendeveloped which contains ‘Modules’, ‘Data’ and ‘Maps’. ‘Modules’ loads all the library files
needed for simulation. All the shape files (.shp) are loaded under ‘Data’. Maps under workspaceprovide layers for image and shape files. There is also a “Message window” that shows theresult of simulation. In addition, a “Properties window” shows the property of the object
selected in Workspace. A “Map window” serving as the main window is for loading image,resizing it and viewing the simulation.
The menu bar on the top of the image contains ‘File’, ‘Modules’, ‘Map’ and ‘window’. All thefields describe the general function of the Microport. User can click and explore the menu bar
fields.
Currently, Microport mainly supports several data files: ESRI Shapes file (*.shp), Grids file(*.sgrd), Table file (*.dbf) and Tab separated txt file (*.txt). These data file can be opened andmanipulated through data window and controlled by Microport Script thereafter. It will be very
convenient to use a project file (*.mprj) to save or load a set of data files, module files and alltheir settings. There is a sample project (sample.mprj) for testing which is located at samples
folder in the MicroCity install directory.

(b) Electronic Road Pricing Studies
Different toll charges would affect the commuters’ pre-trip route plans and thus lead to different
equilibrium flows. Thereby, investigations of commuters’ travel behavior are crucial for the toll
design problem. In our studies, a simple and rational assumption is made on the commuter’s
travel behavior that they would select the path with minimal travel cost. A normally distributed

error is allowed for the commuters’ perceived travel time. In addition, the toll charges havedifferent impacts to each commuter, due to their diverse income level. Thus, a continuously
distributed value-of-time is further assumed to reflect this diversity. A convergent algorithm is
proposed to solve the equilibrium flow in such a context based on any given toll-charge pattern,
and it also enables the analysis of mode share of public transport system.
(c) Quantitative risk assessment on Singapore Port and Straits of Malacca
This research conducted a thorough search of the existing research work on suppressing hazards
in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. It employs a structured analysis of failures, including
accidents and disasters, to establish the lessons learned. Risk assessment of such hazards,
covering the occurring chances of each form of hazard, the likely degree of disruption, and thepossible scale of their impacts will be determined. A methodology has been established tofacilitate the determination of actions that would help to prevent a repetition by dealing with
contributory root causes. It also provides a high level introduction of reliability assessment
methods, including fault tree analysis, failure mode and effects analysis, consequence modellingand evaluation of the computed results. It also presents a methodology to identify the ownershipof safety and risk.
6. Planned Activities for 2011
The following activities have been planned for the Joint Research Centre in 2011:(a) Publication of GCOE Text Book “Urban Transport and Logistics for Human Security”
The joint research center brought out the first draft of the GCOE text book “Urban transport andlogistics for human security” during GCOE-CMS Short- Course in Urban Transport andLogistics for Human Security organized in September, 2009 in Kyoto University. The joint
research center has planned to finalize all contents and publish the text book in year 2011.
However, the exact date of publication is still unknown.

(b) AIT – ITB – NUS Joint Symposium
The research center jointly with other GCOE overseas cooperation bases Asian Institute ofTechnology (AIT) and Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) will organize a symposium in
Bangkok, Thailand. The 2 day symposium will be organized at AIT in 17-18 November 2011.

(c) The Fifth Workshop on Transport Logistics
Following the four previous workshops on Transport Logistics, the joint research center willorganize the fifth workshop on transport logistics in the year 2011. The details of the workshop
including the exact date and venue will be decided soon.