III-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 54 (2021)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 54 (2021)

Activation cross section measurement of the deuteron-induced reaction
on yttrium-89 for zirconium-89 production†
M. Sakaguchi,∗1,∗2 M. Aikawa,∗3,∗1,∗2 M. Saito,∗1 N. Ukon,∗4,∗2 Y. Komori,∗2 and H. Haba∗2

†∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

Condensed from the article in Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res. B 472, 59 (2020)
Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering,
Hokkaido University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Science, Hokkaido UniversityAdvanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima MedicalUniversity2000

Baron 1963
La Gamma 1973
Bissem 1980
Degering 1988
West 1993
Uddin 2007
Lebeda 2015
Manenti 2019TENDL-2017
This work1500
Cross section (mb)Zirconium-89 (T1/2 = 78.41 h) is a positron emitterthat is used for positron emission tomography (PET).
Its long half-life enables its delivery over long distances and it is suitable for immuno-PET.1) Highspeciﬁc activity of the radionuclide can be produced using charged-particle-induced reactions. There are twopromising reactions, namely, the 89 Y(p, n)89 Zr and the89Y(d, 2n)89 Zr reactions. The former has been well investigated and a large amount of experimental data ispresent. However, there is a lack of research on the latter reactions and the peak amplitudes of the excitation
functions are dispersed.2) Therefore, we performed anexperiment of the deuteron-induced reactions on 89 Y
to measure the production cross sections of 89 Zr. Additionally, the cross sections for co-produced radionuclides, 88 Zr, 90m Y, 88 Y, and 87m Sr, were determined.
The experiment was performed at the RIKEN AVF
cyclotron. We adopted well-known and establishedmethods, such as stacked-foil activation technique andhigh-resolution γ-ray spectrometry. Thin metallic foilsof 89 Y (purity 99.0%, thickness 25 µm, Goodfellow
Co., Ltd., UK) and nat Ti (purity 99.6%, thickness
20 µm, Nilaco Corp., Japan) were used as the targetfoils. Their weight and area were measured and thederived thicknessess of 89 Y and nat Ti were 12.7 and9.1 mg/cm2 , respectively. The foils were then cut intoa size of 8 × 8 mm2 . Nine sets of four 89 Y and twonatTi pieces were stacked as the target. The nat Ti foils
were used for the nat Ti(d, x)48 V monitor reaction toassess the thicknesses of the foils and beam parameters. The stacked target in a target holder served asa Faraday cup and it was irradiated by a deuteronbeam for 1 h. The average beam intensity of 102.3 nA
was measured by the Faraday cup. The incident beamenergy of 23.6 ± 0.2 MeV was measured by the TOF
method. The energy degradation in the stacked target
was calculated using the srim code.3) γ-ray spectrafrom each irradiated foil without chemical separation
were measured using a high-resolution HPGe detector. The foils other than the ﬁrst one in the samegroups were measured to compensate the recoil lossesof the products. The eﬃciency of the detector was calibrated using 152 Eu and mixed γ-ray standard sources.
Nuclear-decay data were taken from NuDat 2.7.4)

1000

8989g

Y(d,2n)

Zr

500

005

1015Energy (MeV)

2025Fig. 1. Cumulative cross sections of the 89 Y(d, 2n)89g Zr reaction in comparison to the previous data2) and theTENDL-2017 data.6)

The cross sections of the nat Ti(d, x)48 V monitor reaction were derived from the measurements of the γline at 983.5 keV (Iγ = 99.98%). Based on a comparison with the IAEA recommended values,5) the thicknesses of the 89 Y foils were corrected by +2% within
their uncertainty and the measured beam parameters
were adopted without any corrections.
The cross sections of the 89 Y(d, 2n)89g Zr reaction
were derived using measurements of the 909.2-keV γline (Iγ = 99.04%) emitted with the decay of 89g Zr.
The metastable state 89m Zr (T1/2 = 4.161 min) decayed completely during cooling times. The cumulative cross sections were determined, as shown in Fig. 1,with the previous studies and the TENDL-2017 values.6) Our experimental data were found to be consistent with the latest four works. The TENDL-2017
values were larger than all experimental data in theenergy region between 6 and 20 MeV.
This work is supported by the Japan - Hungary Research Cooperative Program, JSPS and HAS, and by
JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 17K07004.
References1) M. A. Deri et al., Nucl. Med. Biol. 40, 3 (2013).
2) S. Manenti et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B
458, 57 (2019) and references therein.
3) J. F. Ziegler et al., srim: the Stopping and Range ofIons in Matter (2008).
4) National Nuclear Data Center, The NuDat 2.7
database, http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ .
5) A. Hermanne et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 148, 338 (2017).
6) A. J. Koning et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 113, 2841 (2012).

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