歴史地震
第38号 (2023) 167‐176頁
受付日 2022/11/29, 受理日 2023/4/23

>㈨ᩱ@Ṕྐᆅ㟈ྐᩱ࡟ぢࡿኳ↛࢞ࢫ⏤᮶ࡢⅆ⅏ಙᕞ኱Ꮫ㻌 ⧄⥔Ꮫ㒊㻖㻌 ᴮᮏ㻌 ♸Ⴙ㻌ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫ㻌 ᾏὒ◊✲ᡤ㻌 㛗ᑿ㻌 ᖺᜤ㻌༓ⴥ኱Ꮫ㻌 ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ◊✲㝔㻌 ᮤᩥ㉸㻌ᮾி㟁ᶵ኱Ꮫ㻌 ᕤᏛ㒊㻌 Ỉཎ㻌 ࿴⾜㻌ಙᕞ኱Ꮫ㻌 ⧄⥔Ꮫ㒊㻌 ᒣ㎶㻌 ඾᫛㻌䞞䝁䞁䝫䞁◊✲ᡤ㻌 ᮡᾆ㻌 ⦾㈗䞉㏆⸨㻌 ᩪ㻌Fire Disaster Derived From Natural Gas Field Noted in Historical Earthquake Literatures
Yuji Enomoto
Shinshu University, Fii-404, 3-15-1, Tokita, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
Toshiyasu Nagao
Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka, JapanWencho Li
Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33, Inage, Chiba, Japan
Kazuyuki Mizuhara
Tokyo Denki University, 5, Senjyu-Asahi, Adachi, Tokyo, Japan
Tsuneaki Yamabe
Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokita, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
Shigeki Sugiura
Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 4-1-35, Noritakeshin-machi, Nishi, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
Hitoshi Kondo
Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 4-1-35, Noritakeshin-machi, Nishi, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan

By surveying historical earthquake materials, we found many witness records about earthquake lights㸬Among them, there
are several earthquake historical records showing that flames erupted from the ground and in some cases spread to houses etc.,
leading to fires. We collected such testimonies, and showed that the epicenters of the related earthquakes were within thedistribution area of natural gas. Especially in the 1828 Echigo-Sanjo, 1847 Zenkoji and 1855 Ansei-Edo earthquakes, it wasclarified that the flame eruption in the areas showing natural gas surface signs caused great fire damage. Natural gas related
fires are, therefore, a risk that should not be overlooked when considering future earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation
measures㼲㻝㻚㻌 䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌᪥ᮏิᓥෆ㝣࡟ࡣྍ⇞ᛶࡢ࣓ࢱࣥࡀ୺࡜࡞ࡿኳ↛࢞ࢫ⏣㸦⤒῭ᛶࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀࡿከ㔞ࡢኳ↛࢞ࢫ㈿Ꮡᇦ㸧ࡀᗈࡃศᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࡶ㸪ⅣᒙࡸளⅣᒙ㸪ᾏᡂ⢓ᅵᒙ㸪᭷ᶵ㉁Ἶᒙ㸦౛࠼ࡤㄶゼ†ᗏሁ✚≀࡞࡝㸧࡜࠸ࡗࡓᆅᒙ୰࡟ࡶᑡ㔞࡞ࡀࡽኳ↛࢞ࢫࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅᒙࡣ᪥ᮏิᓥࡢ࠸ࡓࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟࠶ࡿ>Ặᐙ  @㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅໃࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᆅᇦ࡛ᆅ㟈άືࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ゎᨺࡉࢀࡿᕧ኱࡞ᆅ㟈࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣ࣓ࢱࣥࢆ㈿ά
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࠿ࡽࡢⅆ⅖ᄇฟࡋ࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ஦ࡀẚ㍑ⓗከࡃ࠶ࡾ㸪 ࡢグ஦ࡢ࠶ࡿᆅ㟈ࡢ㟈ኸࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ
ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅ㟈ࡈ࡜࡟i㹼i ࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿᮏኳ↛࢞ࢫ⏣ࡢศᕸᇦ࡟࠶ࡿࡇࢀᆅ㟈㟈※ᇦࡢᆅ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ⅆ⅏࡟ࡣ⮳ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸳௳ࡢṔྐໃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⡆₩࡟㏙࡭࡚࠾ࡃ㸬ᆅ㟈࡟కࡗ࡚ᆅ୰࠿ࡽⅆ⅖ࡀᄇฟࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺グ஦ ᖺṇ჆ᆅ㟈ࡸ  ᖺඖ⚘ᆅ㟈ࡢ୺࡞⿕ᐖࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㙊಴ࡸỤᡞࡣᚋ࡟㏙࡭ࡿ༡㛵ᮾ࢞ࢫ⏣ࡀ㈿Ꮡࡍࡿᆅᇦ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ௜㏆࡟࠶ࡓࡿ㸬ᴾ ṇ჆ᆅ㟈 ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥  ᫬㡭㸦ṇ჆ඖ ᖺ㔠ἑᆅ㟈࡛ⅆᰕࡀ┠ᧁࡉࢀࡓ኱ᵽࢆྵᖺ஧༑୕᪥ᠿ้㸧ࡴ୍ᖏࡣ➨ᅄ⣖Ἀ✚ᒙ࡟ᵓ㐀ᛶ࢞ࢫࡢᚩೃࡀ▱ࡽղ㸦㙊಴㸧ࠕᡤࠎᆅ⿣Ỉᾛฟ㸪୰ୗ㤿ᶫ㎶ᆅ⿣◚㸪⮬඼୰ⅆ⅖⇞ฟ㸪Ⰽ㟷பࠎࠖࠗ࿃ጔ㙾 ᮾ㚷 ࠘>Ṋ⪅  ᡤ཰@˜ ඖ⚘ᆅ㟈 ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥༗๓  ᫬㡭㸦ඖ⚘භᖺ༑୍᭶஧༑୕᪥ଢ଼้㸧ղ㸦Ụᡞ㸧ࠕඖ⚘༑භᖺ༑୍᭶஧༑஧᪥ึኪ㟁ග኱࠸࡟㛝ࡁ㸪ඵ㺠᫬࡟⮳ࡾ࡚ኌ࠶ࡾ㸪㞾ࡢዴࡋ㸪ᆅ኱࠸࡟㟈ࡦ࡚❆ᡞᛛࡕ᣸ࡅ㸪ᒇ⯋⥲࡚⃭Ἴࢆ⁻ࡩ࡟ఝࡓࡾᆅ⿣ࡃࡿࡇ࡜஧㹼୕ᑍ஀⮳஬㹼භᑻࡢᡤ࠶ࡾᡈࡣ◁ࢆྤࡁỈࢆᄇࡁⅆࢆⓎࡋ㸪▼ᇉᔂ௭৏ਕ૖৉൜ࢀᒇ⯋そࡿࠖࠗ᪥ᮏ㟈⅏ป㤡࠘>ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊㸦 ᡤ཰@স૕৉൜ఒ୾஁৉൜਍৆௖ૺ৉൜ղ㸦ᑠ⏣ཎ㸧ࠕ୐᪥ࡢ㛫ᆅ㟈Ṇ஦࡞ࡃ᫨ኪ༑஬භ਎੃৉൜੪ዿ৉൜ᗘ࡟ཬࡩᚋ࡟ࣁୖୗඹࠎᗞ࡟௬ᒇࢆసࡾᮏᒇ࡟ਫຫ৉൜୙┦ᒃᑵ୰኱◚࡟ཬࡦࡋࣁᑠ⏣ཎࡢᇛୗஅᮏࢽ਍৆టவ৉൜୕ࡢ㒌▼ᇉᜳࡃࡺࡾᔂࡋᇛ୺ࡶ✵ᆅ࡟ᖥࢆࡋࡘࡽࡦ㔝㝕᭷ࡋஓྑᆅ㟈ࡢ๓⾲࡟⟨ᫍࡢዴࡁⅆᰕኪฟ࡚ᾘ࡬ࡍேࠎ୙ᛮ㆟࡜⏦⩦அஓṈ᫬ᱜ⏣ᚚᒇᩜᚚ⋞㛵๓ษ▼ࡢྜࢭ┠࠿ࣁࢱࣁࢱᡴྜ᫝ࡼᅗ㸯 ኳ↛࢞ࢫ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿⅆ↍Ⓨ⏕ࡾⅆฟࡿ⛬ஓࠖࠗඖṊබᚚᖺ㆕஬࠘>ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ
㸦ẋ㸧࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ⅆ⅏Ⓨ⏕㸦ṵ㸧ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓṔྐᆅ㟈㟈◊✲ᡤ  ᡤ཰@ࡢ㟈ኸ㯮Ⰽሬࡢᆅᇦ㸸ኳ↛࢞ࢫ㖔ᗋศᕸ >▼Ἔᢏ⾡༠఍  @㸬 㔠ἑᆅ㟈㸪 ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥  ᫬㐣ࡂ㸦ᐶᨻ
Fig.1 Fire-out phenomena and the induced fire༑୍ᖺ஬᭶஧༑භ᪥⏦้㐣ࡂ㸧 occurrence derived from natural gas fields associatedղ㸦㔠ἑ㸧ࠕ኱ᵽཱྀ㸪ᆅ㠃அ๭ࢀ┠ࣚࣜ↍ฟೃᡤwith historical earthquakes. Dark colored area:᭷ࠖࠗᨻ㞄グ࠘㸬ࡇࢀࡣ᳃ᮏ᩿ᒙୖ࡛㉳ࡁࡓ࡜⪃
distribution map of natural gas deposits.
࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>ᐮᕝ  @㸬

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i  ᖺ㉺ᚋ୕᮲ᆅ㟈࡟క࠺ኳ↛࢞ࢫ⏤᮶ࡢⅆ⅏
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ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧>ຍ⸨  㹛㸬 ኳ↛࢞ࢫᄇฟ࡟ࡼࡿⅆ⅏ኳ↛࢞ࢫࡀᡤࠎ⮬↛࡟‪ࡁฟࡍᆅໃࡢ㉺ᚋ୕᮲௜㏆࡛㸪ᖺ᭶᪥᫬㡭㸦ᩥᨻ༑୍ᖺ༑୍᭶༑஧᪥༲ୗ้㸧㸪࣐ࢢࢽࢳ࣮ࣗࢻ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿ
ᆅ㟈ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓ>Ἑෆ  㸹᳜➉࡯࠿  ▮⏣࣭༦㒊  @ࡇࡢ࡜ࡁ㸪௨ୗ࡟ᣲࡆࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᆅୗ࠿ࡽࡢⅆ↍ࡀཎᅉ࡛ᐙᒇࡢⅆ⅏ࡀⓎ⏕㸪↝Ṛ⪅ࡀ࡛ࡓ࡜࠸࠺グ஦ࡀ࠶ࡿ
߉ࠕ㏆㡭࡟࡚ࡣ㉺ᚋ୕᮲ࡢᆅ㟈࡟ࡣ኱ᆅ๭⿣
඼⹦ࡼࡾⅆ⅖྿ࡁฟࡋ₽ࢀ㸪༶Ṛ↝Ṛே➼ࡶኰᩜࡼࡾᢎᒃࡾೃࠖࠗ᫬㞵ࡢ⿇࠘>Ṋ⪅ ᡤ཰@㸬߉ࠕཪእ࡬㏨ฟࡿ⪅ࡣ኱ᆅࡢ๭ཱྀ࡬ⴠ㎸Ṛࡿࡶ᭷ᮌࡢୗ኱ᆅࡢ๭ࡋ✰࡟࡚Ἵࡁࡉࡅࡪ᭷ㄡ᭷࡚᪩㏿ຓࡅࡿ⪅ࡶ࡞ࡋࡑࡢෆ኱ᆅࡢ๭ཱྀࡼࡾⅆ⇞࡬ฟࡋᚚᆓྎᡤ㎶࡬⛣ࡾ኱ⅆ࡟ᡂபࠎࠖࠗ㉺ᚋᅜ୕ᲄᆅ㟈኱ኚグ࠘>Ṋ⪅㸦 @㸬 ୖググ஦߉ ࡢ࡞࠿ࡢᚚᆓ࡜ࡣ୕᮲ࡢ༡࡟࠶ࡿᮾᚚᆓ㸦ᮾᮏ㢪ᑎ࣭୕᮲ᩍ༊࣭୕᮲ู㝔㸧࡛㸪ྠᑎࡢṔྐ࣭ἢ㠉࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ᙜ᫬ࠕ໭㝣࡛㝶୍ࡢᑎ㝔࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗ࡚ ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥㸦ᩥᨻ༑୍ᖺ㸧㸪ࠕ୕᮲኱ᆅ㟈୕᮲᥃ᡤᘓ≀඲ቯࡑࡢ࠺࠼㢮↝ࡋṧࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡋࠖ࡜グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᑠἨ⵬㌺ࠗᠬ㟈ẛ㚷࠘࡟㸪ࠕ୕᮲⏫ᑎൔ஧ேࡢᑡዪࣤኻࣇࠖ࡜࠶ࡿ⤮ᅗ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧ࡀࠕ໭㝣࡛㝶୍ࡢᑎ㝔࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓᮾᚚᆓࡢⅆ⅏ᅗ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺
ᅗ㸰㉺ᚋᖹ㔝ࡢἜ࣭࢞ࢫ⏣ᆅᒙศᕸ>ຍ⸨㸦㸧@࡟㉺ᚋ୕᮲ᆅ㟈ࡢ᥎ᐃ㟈※ᇦࢆຍ➹㸬
Fig.2 Geological Distribution of Oil and Gas Fields
in the Echigo Plain and the Epicenter of the EchigoSanjo Earthquake.
ᅗ㸱 ᑠἨ⵬㌺ࠗᠬ㟈ẛ㚷࠘  ࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୕᮲⏫ࡢᑎ㝔㸦ᮾᚚᆓ㸧࡛㉳ࡁࡓⅆ⅏㸦ᮏ㛫࢖࣑ᏊẶᥦ౪㸧㸬
Fig.3 Fire at a temple㸦Higashi-Gobo㸧in Sanjo town㸸“Choshin-Hikan” (1828) written and drawn by Soken
Koizumi.
i  ᖺၿගᑎᆅ㟈࡟క࠺ኳ↛࢞ࢫ⏤᮶ࡢⅆ⅏    㛗㔝┴ࡢἜᚩᆅ࣭࢞ࢫᚩᆅ㛗㔝┴ࡢ໭㒊㸪㛗㔝ᕷ㸪㣤ᒣᕷ㸪ୖỈෆ㒆㸪໭Ᏻ᭎㒆㸪᭦⛉㒆㸪ᮾ⟃ᦶ㒆㸪ᑠ┴㒆࡞࡝࡟ᣑࡀࡿ▼Ἔᚩ࣭࢞ࢫᚩᆅࡣ㸪ᅗ㸲D ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪⣒㨶ᕝ㟼ᒸᵓ㐀⥺࡜ၿගᑎᆅ㟈࡛ື࠸ࡓ㛗㔝┅ᆅす⦕ࡢ᩿ᒙᖏ࡟ᣳࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝ◊✲ᡤ⇞ᩱ㒊▼Ἔㄢ㸦E @㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪㛗㔝┅ᆅす⦕᩿ᒙᖏ- 169 -ࡢすഃ㸦⟃ᦶᒣᆅ㸧࠿ࡽᮾഃࡢ┅ᆅᆅୗ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚㸪᭷ᶵ≀ࢆከ㔞࡟ྵࡴ୰᪂ୡ୰ᮇࡢ㯮ⰍἾᒾ㸦ὸᕝᒙ㸧࡜ࡑࡢୖ఩ࢆそ࠺ከᏍ㉁ࡢจ⅊ᒾ㸦〈ⰼจ⅊ᒾᒙ㸧ࡀศᕸࡍࡿ ᅗ㸲E >㉥⩚࡯࠿㸪  @จ⅊ᒾᒙࡣ㯮ⰍἾᒾࢆẕᒾ࡜ࡍࡿ▼Ἔࡸኳ↛࢞ࢫࡢ㈓␃ᒙ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪จ⅊ᒾᒙࡀ⫼ᩳ≧ࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚ᆅ⾲࡟㟢ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙᡤࡸ㸪ఱࡽ࠿ࡢཎᅉ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᆅୗ࡟అᅾࡍࡿจ⅊ᒾᒙ࡟㐩ࡍࡿட⿣ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓሙᡤ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᆅᒙ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ▼Ἔࡸ࢞ࢫࡀᆅ⾲࡟‪ฟࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ> ౛ ࠼ ࡤ ஭ ᓥ   ᆅ ㉁ ㄪ ᰝ ᡤ ⇞ ᩱ 㒊 ▼ Ἔ ㄢE @㸬 ၿගᑎᆅ㟈࡟క࠺ⅆ↍ᄇࡁฟࡋࡢグ஦ ၿගᑎ⏺㝰մࠕᘘᅄ᪥ኪᅄ㺠᫬࢑ᒣ㬆ࡾ㟈ືࡋၿගᑎ㎶ู⪋ᙉࡃࡑࢀᆅ㟈࡜࠸ࡩࡼࡾ኱ᒣᔂࢀὶỈࢆᢲ࡜ࡵỈ⁄ࢀᆅ୰๭ࢀ㬆ື࡞ࡍ㯮㉥ࡢἾ኱ᆅ๭┠ࡼࡾ྿ฟࡋⅆ⅖ࡢࡒࡁ≀⇞ୖࡾᚚẊᐆⶶᑎ୰ᣠඵ㺗⏫ࡢேࠎ᪑ᐟேᐙࠎ₽ࢀ࡟ᢲ₽ࡉࢀ኱ᆅࡢ๭┠࡬ࡵࡾ㎸ࠖ>ࠗಙᕞ኱ᆅ㟈୍௳அ෗࠘ᮾ኱ᆅ㟈◊▼ᮏᩥᗜࠕ᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨  ᕳ㸪ูᕳ
ࠖ>ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ  ᡤ཰@մࠕࡲࡓᒣ㑔࡟ࡣᆅ㟈࡟⿣ೃ๭ཱྀࡼࡾⅆẼࢆྤࡁ㸪஝ೃ⸼⸕➼ᕪฟೃᚓࡤⅆ⇞❧ೃ᪨ࠖࠗಙᕞ୎
ᮍⲔㄯ࠘>Ṋ⪅  ᡤ཰@մࠕ᪤࡟Ṉ᳹㸦ࡓࡿࡁ㸧ୗࡶ๭⿣㸪ཪ㞄ᐙࡢ๓ࡣ๭㛫ࡼࡾἾࢆ྿ࡁฟࡋࡓࡾ㸪ၿගᑎཪ㣤ᒣᢝ㸦࡞࡝㸧ࡣ㸪ᐙࡢୗࡼࡾⅆ⅖྿ࡁฟࡋࡓࡾ࡜࠸ࡩࠖࠗ᫬㞵ࡢ⿇࠘>Ṋ⪅  ᡤ཰@մࠕࡑࡢ⠇ᆅ㟈ࡢᵝᏊᢎࡾೃฎ㸪㧥⤖⏦ࡋ⪺ࡃೃ࡟㸪ᆅ㟈ࡢ⠇௚ᡤࡼࡾᖐࡾೃ࡟┿ࡢ㜌✵㸪㣤⥘ᒣࡢ᪉࡟ⅆࡢዴࡁ㞼ฟೃ㛫㸪୙ᛮ㆟࡟Ꮡぢࡘࡵ࡚ᒃࡾೃฎ㸪඼㞼ࡃࡿࡃࡿ࡜ᘔࡾᾘ࠼ࡿྰᒣ㬆⮴ࡋ㸪┤࡟኱ᆅ㟈࡟࡞ࡾ㸪኱㐨࡬ࡺࡾಽࡉࢀೃࠖࠗ᫬㞵ࡢ⿇࠘>Ṋ⪅  ᡤ཰@մࠕ᫝࡞ࡿᒣ㸦ၿගᑎࡼࡾᏊଢ଼࡟࠶ࡓࡿ⸆ᒣ㸧ࡢ㎶ࡾᆅ୰ࡢ࠸࠿ࢇࡀ≬࠸ࡅࡿࡸ㸪༙୎ࡤ࠿ࡾࡢ㛫࡟ᆅ୰ࡼࡾⅆࢆ྿ࡁฟࡍ୍࡜ᡤ࡟ࡣᒃ㸦ࡍ࠼㸧㢼࿅ᱩࢆ⨨࠸࡚྿ࡁฟࡍⅆࢆࡶࡗ࡚‫ࢆ‮‬Ἓ࠿ࡋ㸪୍࡜ᡤ࡟ࡣ㘠࣭⸆⨁➼㔮ࡾ࠿ࡅ࡚≀↻ࡿ஦ࢆ࡞ࡍᑦ஧࠿ᡤ࡟ࡣ၏ఱ࡜࡞ࡃභ୐ᑻࡢ㛫࡟࡯࠿࡯࠿࡜⇞࠼❧ࢀࡾࠖ ᅗ㸳 ࠗᆅ㟈ᚋୡ಑ㄒஅ✀࠘>ᑠᯘ  ᡤ཰@մࠕⅆἾ྿ฟೃሙᡤၿගᑎ㏆㎶⏒ᩜᡤࡣ㌺➃࡜ࡦ࡜ࡋࡃ྿ฟೃ⏤ᡤ࡟ᐤᆅ⿣ࡅೃᡤ࢑ⅆ⇞ฟ࠸ࢁࡾ㸦࢝㸧ࡢⅆࡢࡇ࡜ࡃ⇞ೃᡤ࢑ⅆ‫ڧ‬ᢝ࡬⇞௜ೃᡤ᭷அ⏤ࠖࠗ✄ᇉࡳࡎ࡯ᐙᩥ᭩࠘ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ  ᡤ཰@ᅗ㸲 D ၿගᑎᆅ㟈ࡢ㉳ࡁࡓ㛗㔝┴໭㒊ࡢỈ⁐ᛶ࢞ࢫ⏣ศᕸ>ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᡤ⇞ᩱ㒊▼Ἔㄢ㸦 @㸪㯮ⰍⅬ⥺㸸⣒㨶ᕝ࣭㟼ᒸᵓ㐀⥺㸪㉥Ⅼ⥺㸸㛗㔝┅ᆅす⦕᩿ᒙᖏ㸪‫ۼ‬㸸ၿගᑎᆅ㟈㟈ኸ㸪‫ڸ‬㸸ⅆ⅏Ⓨ⏕ಶᡤ㸪E 㛗㔝┅ᆅす㒊࣭㛗㔝ᕷ㇏㔝ᆅ༊ὸᕝ௜㏆ࡢᆅ㉁᩿㠃ᅗ㸸>㉥⩚࡯࠿㸦 ࡟ຍ➹@㸬
Fig.4 a) Distribution of water-soluble gas fields innorthern Nagano prefecture where the Zonkoji
earthquake occurred. ‫ ۼ‬㸸 Epicenter; Fire marks:
locations where fires occurred, b) Geological crosssection of the western part of the Nagano Basin, near
Asakawa, Toyono District, Nagano City.
 ᯇᮏ࠶ࡓࡾմࠕ୍ᅄ᭶୕᪥ᯇᮏ࡬⏝஦࡟௜ฟᕝᮾ⏣ࡼࡾⅆࡢฟࡿᡤぢཷ㸦ᚋ␎㸧㸬ࠖࠗ୸ᒣᐙᩥ᭩࠘>ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ  @ᡤ཰մࠕ୍ᯇᮏᇛୗ༙୎⛬ฟᕝ⏫ᮧ࢑ࢫ࣡㡿⚄⏣ᮧᆅቃ⏣ᆅࡢ୰ࡼࡾᆅ㟈ᚋࡩࡘࡩࡘ࡜Ỉ‪ฟ࡚Ṉࡢ⏣ࡢ୰࢑ⅆࢆฟࢫࠖࠗಙ⃰኱ᆅ㟈グ࠘ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ  ᡤ཰@մࠕᇛୗᅄ஬⏫㝸ࡾ 㑏ࡼࡾ୕ᅄ⏫⬥⏣ࡢ୰ᆅ㟈࡟࡚ࢃࢀ෭Ỉฟ඼Ỉ୰࡟࡚㟷ࡁⅆ⇞ೃ⏤ⓙࠎぢ≀࡟ཧೃࠖࠗ㙊ཎὝᒣᆅ㟈グ஦࠘>Ṋ⪅㸦㸧ᡤ཰@- 170 -ᅗ㸳 D ᄇฟࡋࡓⅆ↍ࢆ↻⅕ࡁ࡞࡝࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿᗢẸࠗᆅ㟈ᚋୡ಑ㄒஅ✀࠘┿⏣ᐆ≀㤋ᡤⶶ EⲨᆅ࠿ࡽᄇࡁฟࡍⅆ⅖ࠗᆅ㟈ᚋୡ಑ㄒஅ✀࠘ ┿⏣ᐆ≀㤋ᡤⶶ Fig.5 Burning flames from ground: peoples wereusing them for cooking etc.
 ே ࡢ ࡯ ࡜ ࢇ ࡝ ࡣ ↝ Ṛ ⪅ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ > ᐑ ୗ @ୖグࡢմ ࡣ㸪ࠕᐙࡢୗࡼࡾⅆ⅖྿ࡁฟࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓⅆ↍ࡢᄇࡁฟࡋࡣ⃭ࡋ࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠕ㌺➃ࡢ㧗ࡉ࡟ࡶ㐩ࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺㸦グ஦մ㸧㸬ࡼ࡯࡝⃭ࡋ࠸ⅆ↍ࡀ❧ࡕୖࡾࡑࢀࡀ኱ⅆࢆㄏⓎࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࢀ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞グ஦ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࠕ඼୰㸪኱㛛⏫ୖᡭ㸪ᮾᶓ⏫୰⛬㸪ᮾࡢ㛛⏫
୰⛬ࡢすഃ࡜ࡶᛮࡋࡁ୕ࣨᡤࡼࡾࢆ྿ࡁฟࡋࡓࡾᢡ࠿ࡽࡢⅯ㢼࡟ⅆࡢᡭඵ᪉࡟྿ࡁᠱࡅࡓࡾ㸦୰␎㸧⥆࠸࡚すࡢ㛛⏫᪂㐨㎶ࡼࡾⅆࡢᡭ᪂ࡓ࡟⇞ୖࡀࡾ㸪⊛ⅆࡣ▐ࡃ㛫࡟㸪⍠⍵ࢆ㞬㸦 ࡞ ࡽ 㸧࡭㸪㔠㖟ࢆ㚀㸦ࡕࡾࡤ㸧ࡵ㸪ᮒ୹ࢆ஺࡬ࡓࡿ኱ᮏ㢪࡟⛣ࡾࡓࡿࡇ࡜ᝒࡋࡅࢀᛛࡕ㸪୰⾗㸪ጔᡞࢆࡶ↝ࡁᡶࡦ࡚㸪వ⇞Ⅿࡋࡃ஧⋤㛛࡟ࡒ྿ࡁ࠿ࡅࡓࡿࡇࢀࡶ▐ࡃ㛫࡟஧⋤ᑛࢆጞࡵ㸪ຍ⨶௖ࡢᑛീ࡜⪺ࡇ࠼ࡋẝἋ㛛㸪኱㯮ࡢ୧ኳࢆ↮࡟ࡋ㸪ᕥྑࡢぢୡ≀㸪Ⱚᒃᑠᒇࡢዴࡁࡣ㸪ᜦࡶ㸪㝃ᮌࢆ⇞ࡍዴࡁஓࠖ>᮰ᯇ
 @ࡇࡢグ஦࡟ࡣ㸪ⅆ⅏ࡢጞࡲࡾࡀၿගᑎ㛛๓⏺㝰ࡢ໭ࡼࡾࡢ  ࠿ᡤ࠿ࡽ྿ࡁฟࡋࡓ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢⅆ⅏ࡢᵝᏊࡣࠗ ᆅ 㟈 ᚋ ୡ ಑ ヰ அ✀࠘㸦 ┿ ⏣ ᐆ ≀ 㤋 ᡤ ⶶ 㸧࡟ ᥥ ࠿ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡚ ᙜ ᫬ᙉ࠸༡࠿ࡽࡢ㢼ࡀ໭ࡢၿගᑎ᪉㠃࡟྿࠸࡚࠸ ࡓ ᅗ 㸵 ࡇ ࡢ ⤮ ᅗ ࠿ ࡽ ⅖ ࡀ ၿ ග ᑎ ഃ ࡟࡞ ࡧ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡚ ᙉ ࠸ 㢼 ࡀ ໭㸦 ᅗ 㸵 ࡢ ྑ ഃ 㸧࡟ ྥࡅ ࡚ ྿ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ᵝ Ꮚ ࡀ ぢ ࡚ ࡜ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ᘏ↝ࡢᵝᏊࡣ㏻ᖖ࡜ࡣ㐪ࡗࡓ୙ᛮ㆟࡞⌧㇟ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠕ୙ᛮ㆟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ㸪᫖ኪࡼࡾࡋ࡚㸪㢼ࡣ໭࡟ࡩࡁࡲࡃࡿ࡟㸪ⅆࡢᡭࡣ㏫࡟༡࡟⇞ࡺࡿ᭷ᵝ࡟࡚㸪ᛛࡕ㸪㢼᭰ࢃࡾ࡚ࡲࡓ↝ࡅኻࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪Ṥࢇ࡝ఱ⪅ࡢᝏ㨱࠶ࡾ࡚ⅆࢆᘝ࡟ఝࡓࡾࠖ>᮰ᯇ
 @㸬ࡇࡢグ஦ࡣ㸪㢼࡟࠶࠾ࡽࢀⅆࡀ㢼ୗ࡟࡞ࡀࡉࢀ࡚ᘏ↝ࡍࡿ㏻ᖖࡢⅆ஦࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᆅ୰࠿ࡽࡢ࢞ࢫࡢᄇࡁฟࡋࡀ༡࡟⛣ືࡋࡓࡺ࠼࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࠿

ࡇࢀࡽࡢグ஦࡟ࡣⅆ⅖ࡀໃ࠸Ⰻࡃᄇฟࡋࡓࢣ࣮
ࢫ㸦౛࠼ࡤグ஦մ㸧㸪࡯࠿࡯࠿࡜⇞࠼ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫ㸦グ஦մ ࡸᅗ㸲㸧ࡸໃ࠸ࡼࡃ㧗ࡃᄇฟࡋࡓࢣ࣮
ࢫ㸦グ஦մ ࡞࡝㸧ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣᆅ୰ࡢ࢞ࢫ⁀ࡢᅽຊࡢ㧗పࡸ㈿Ꮡ㔞ࡢከᐻ๭ࢀ┠ࡢ㛤㛢ࡀᙳ㡪ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡲࡓグ஦մ ⅆࡢዴࡁ㞼ฟ࡚ࢡࣝࢡࣝᅇࡗ࡚ᾘ࠼ࡓ࡜࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣᮅኤ࡟ぢࡿ㉥࠸㞼࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ㸬┿ࡗᬯ㜌㸦᭶㱋㸧ࡢ࡞࠿࡛ぢࡓࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ㞼ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼࡚ᕳ࠸࡚ᾘ࠼࡚࠸ࡗࡓⅆ↍⌧㇟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞グ஦ࡀ኱ṇ㛵ᮾᆅ㟈ࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ୖ㔝ᒣ࠿ࡽ᪂ྜྷཎi  ᖺᨻỤᡞᆅ㟈࡟క࠺ኳ↛࢞ࢫ⏤᮶ࡢⅆࡢ᪉ྥ࡟┠ᧁࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠕ┿ࡗ㯮࡞✵㛫ࢆ኱ࡁ࡞⅏ⅆࡢ ᕳࡀྑ࠿ࡽ㢦ࢆฟࡋ㸪ᑿࢆࡦࡁࡘࢀ࡚ᕥ࡟ ⅆ⅏ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓỤᡞᕷ୰ࡢᆅໃ̿༡㛵ᮾ࢞ᾘ࠼ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ගᬒ࡜㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ>୕ᾆ  @ࢫ⏣̿༡㛵ᮾ࢞ࢫ⏣ࡣ༓ⴥ┴ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟Ⲉᇛ┴㸪ᇸ⋢┴㸪 ၿගᑎᆅ㟈࡟క࠺㛗㔝┴ෆྛᆅࡢⅆ⅏࡜ࡑࡢᮾி㒔㸪⚄ዉᕝ┴ࡢᆅᇦ࡟ᣑࡀࡗ࡚࠸࡚ᏳᨻỤᡞཎᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹᆅ㟈࡛኱ࡁࡃᦂࢀࡓỤᡞᕷ୰ࡣࡲࡉ࡟ࡇࡢ༡㛵ᮾࡇࡢᆅ㟈࡟ࡼࡿⅆ⅏ࡣ㸪ၿගᑎ㸪㣤ᒣ㸪✄Ⲵᒣ㸪࢞ࢫ⏣ᆅᖏ࡟࠶ࡓࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ୖ㏙ࡋࡓ  ᖺṇ჆Ỉෆ㒆᪂⏫ࡢ  ࠿ᡤ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ  ࡟♧ࡍ‫ڸ‬㸧㸬ᆅ㟈ࡢグ஦ղ ࡢ㙊಴ࡶࡇࡢ㝃㏆࡟࠶ࡿ㸬࡞࠿࡛ࡶၿගᑎ⏺㝰࡛㉳ࡁࡓⅆ⅏ࡀ⏒኱࡛࠶ࡗࡓ᫛࿴  ᖺ㸦㸧 ᭶࠿ࡽ᫛࿴  ᖺ㸦㸧⾤ࡣ୕᪥஧ᬌ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚⇞࠼⥆ࡅ㸪༑᪥ࡢ᫨㡭࡟ ᭶࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢱࣥࡢㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㙠ⅆࡋࡓᶓἑ⏫㸦ᅗ㸴ࡢ኱່㐍ࡢᕥ㞄ࠕỤᮾ༊ࡢ୰ኸ㒊࠿ࡽỤᡞᕝ༊ࡢ༡㒊࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢࡀࣚࢥࢨ࣡୎㸧ࡔࡅࡀ↝ࡅṧࡾ㸪࡯࠿ᮾす P㸪ⲨᕝἙཱྀ௜㏆୍ᖏ࡛㧗࠸࣓ࢱࣥ⃰ᗘࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸬༡໭ P ࡢ༊ᇦ࡟࠶ࡿ  ᡞࡣࡍࡗ࠿ࡾ↝௚࡟ࡶⴱ㣭༊ࡸ ༊ࡢ୺࡟⮫ᾏ㒊㸪኱⏣༊࡛ࡶ㸪ࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸㸪ၿගᑎ㡿ศࡢఫẸ  ே㸪᪑ேᮾி㒔ෆࡢ௚ࡢᆅ༊࡜ẚ࡭ࡸࡸ࣓ࢱࣥ⃰ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ

- 171 -ᅗ㸴 ၿගᑎ㛛๓୍ᖏ࡛㉳ࡁࡓⅆ⅏↝ኻᇦ㸸ࠗ ᆅ㟈 ᚋ ୡ ಑ ヰ அ ✀ ࠘㸦 ┿ ⏣ ᐆ ≀ 㤋 ᡤ ⶶ 㸧㸬 
Fig.6 Burnt area in front of Zenkoji temple.

ᅗ㸵 ၿගᑎ㛛๓ࡢ⏫➽࡛㉳ࡁࡓⅆ⅏ࠗ ᆅ 㟈 ᚋ ୡ ಑ ヰ அ ✀ ࠘ ┿ ⏣ ᐆ ≀ 㤋 ᡤ ⶶ 㸬 
Fig.7 A scene of the fire that broke out in the town street in front of Zenkoji Temple.
࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖ>ᮾி㒔ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᴗ༠఍ᢏ⾡ጤဨ఍  @ࡇࡢㄪᰝࡢ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ  ᖺⓎ⾜ࡢࠕ㛵ᮾᆅ᪉⥈ྜᆅ㉁ᅗࠖ࡟ࡣ㸪ኳ↛࢞ࢫ⾲㠃ᚩೃࡀỤᮾ༊ࡸቚ⏣༊࡞࡝  ࠿ᡤ࡟グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
>වᏊ࡯࠿  @ ࠕỤᡞ኱ᆅ㟈ฟⅆሙᡤ㝃ࠖ࠿ࡽぢࡓ⅏ᐖ≧ἣᆅ㟈ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ࠶࡜㸪⅏ᐖࢆఏ࠼ࡿ⎰∧ࡀฟᅇࡗࡓᙜ᫬ࡢ♫఍ࢆ㢼่ࡋࡓ㪗⤮࡞࡝ࡶከࡃฟᅇࡗࡓࡀ㸪࡞࠿࡟ࡣ㟈⅏࣭ⅆ⅏ࡢሙᡤ࡜≧ἣࢆ௘⣽࡟ㄪ࡭㸪⅏ᐖ᝟ሗࢆఏ࠼ࡓ࣏ࣝࣝࢱ࣮ࢪࣗࡶ࠶ࡗࡓᅗ㸶ࡢࠕ㖭⣽ᨵ∧Ụᡞ኱ᆅ㟈ฟⅆሙᡤ㝃∧ࠖࡶࡑࡢ୍ࡘ࡛㸪㝮⏣ᕝࢆᣳࡳỤᡞࡢᮾഃ㸦⤮ᅗࡢୗഃ㸧࠿ࡽす㸦⤮ᅗࡢୖഃ㸧ࢆಠ▔ࡋฟⅆሙᡤࡸᆅ๭ࢀ࡞࡝ࡢ⿕ᐖ≧ἣࡑࡋ࡚⿕⅏ࡋࡓேࢆຓࡅࡿࠕᚚᩆ࠸ᑠᒇࠖࡢሙᡤࢆఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡿฟⅆሙᡤࡢ⿕ᐖࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ␒௜࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚㸪୍␒ࡢ᪂ྜྷཎ㸦௒ࡢྎᮾ༊㸧ࡢ㐟㒌࡛ࡣ  ேࡢṚ⪅ࡀฟࡓ࡜グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ஧␒ࡣ௒ᡞ㸦ྎᮾ༊㸧࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚୕␒┠ࡀ͆࠸ࡅࡢࡣࡓ࠿ࡸ୎͇࠶ࡓࡾ࡛㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ⤮ᅗࡢྑഃ࡟࠶ࡓࡿ㝮⏣ᕝ㏆㎶࡛⿕ᐖࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ
 ⅆ⅖ᄇࡁฟࡋ࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓグ஦ᆅ㟈ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓ᫬้ࡣኪ୰ࡢ᫬㡭㸪ኤ㣗࡝ࡁࡢ❤ࡸ୐㍯ࡢⅆࡣᾘ࠼㸪ࡑࢁࡑࢁᐷ㟼ࡲࡿࡇࢁ㸪࡞ࡢ࡟࡞ࡐ⃭ࡋ࠸ⅆ⅏ࡀỤᡞᆅ୰ࡢ࠶ࡕࡇࡕ࡛㉳ࡁࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸽ྐᩱࢆㄪ࡭࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪ᬯ㜌ࡢ࡞࠿ᆅ୰࠿ࡽⅆࡀᄇࡁฟࡋࢆぢࡓ࡜࠸࠺グ஦ࡀ࠸ࡃࡘࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡑࢀࡀཎᅉࡋ࡚ྠ᫬ከⓎⅆ⅏࡟࠸ࡓࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔ

- 172 -ᅗ㸶  ᖺᏳᨻỤᡞᆅ㟈࡛㉳ࡁࡓⅆ⅏⤮ᅗ㸸㖭⣽ᨵᯈࠕỤᡞ኱ᆅ㟈ฟⅆሙᡤ㝃ࠖ㸦ಶேⶶ㸧㸬
Fig.8 Illustration map of the fire caused by the 1855 Ansei Edo earthquake.
ኴࡁⅆᰕࡢዴࡁⅆẼ㧗ࡃ❧඼እ⣽ࡁⅆࡣఱ➽ࡶյ㸦ᆅ㟈᫬㸸ୗ㇂ụࡢ➃㸧
ࠕ㏺ᅁ㸦ࡇࡢࡓࡧ㸧ᆅ❧ࡓࡿ࡞ࡾ㸦ᚋ␎㸧ࠖࠗᏳᨻᆅ㟈㞧グ඲࠘㟈ࡢ࡜ࡁᆅୗࡼࡾⅆẼࢆⓎࡍ㸪వࡀ཭ୗ㇂ụࡢ➃࡟ᒃࢀࡾ㸪◚㦫ᆅ㟈࡜࠸ࡩ࡯࡝࡟ᛴࡂእࡢ࠿>ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ  ᡤ཰@ࡓ࡬❧ࡕฟࡿ࡟஻Ꮚࡢ᪉࡟ᙜࡾ࡚኱࡟ගࢆⓎࡍ㸪 յ㸦ᆅ㟈᫬㸸㯞ᕸ㸧ࠕ㯞ᕸ༑␒ࡢྡ୺୚ྑ⾨㛛᮶ణ㟁ࡢዴ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ࡑࡢᖜఱ༑୔࡜ࡶ㔞ࡾࡀࡓࡁࡾ࡚᝷㸦≀࢝㸧ㄒᡤࣁ㸪ఱฎ࡜⏦ࡏࡋ࠿ᆅ㟈ࡢࡀ୍㠃࡟ⅆẼࡓࡕ࡚㡲ཽ㸦ࡋࡹࡺ㸧࡟ᾘࡿ㸪ࡇ᫬ᆅ୰ ࢑ ⅆᡴ▼࡟࡚ᡴࡘዴࡁⅆከࡃ❧ࡾࡋ࡜ࢀᆅ୰ࡢⅆẼⓎࡋࡓࡿගࡾ࡞ࡽࢇ࡜࠸ࡩࠖࠗᏳᨻ࡞ࡾ㸪ṈⅆẼⅆࢆࡉࡑ࠸ࡋᨾ࡟ⅆ஦࡞ࡾࡋ࡟㸪ぢ⪺㘓࠘>Ṋ⪅  ᡤ཰@ⅆ஦ࡼ࡜࠸ࡩ࡜୕༑୐ඵࢣᡤࡢࡶ࡬ฟ㸪ᮏᡤ῝յ ┤๓࣭ᆅ㟈᫬㸸∵㎸ᒣఅ⏫࡞࡝㸧ࠕ஧᪥ኪ㸪ᆅᕝᩯࡾ࡚༑୕ࢣᡤ⛬ฟⅆ᭷ࡋ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪᪂ྜྷཎฟ㟈ࡢ᫬㸪∵㎸ᒣఅ⏫ࡢ㎶࡟࡚┳ࡋேࡢშ㸪㎮ࡢⅆ࠶ࡾ㸪㛫ࡶ࡞ࡃᆅ㟈࡞ࡾࡋ࡞ࡾ㸪ⅆࡢᆅࡼࡾ᪉࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚␚஧ᖂィࡾ࡜ぢࡿⅆẼ㸪✵୰࡟ୖฟࡋࢆ୕ᑻ⛬ୖ࡚ᕥྑ࡬ᩓࡋ⏤ࠖぢࡓࡿ㸪ࡲࡳࡀࡾࡓࡾ࡜ࡒ㸪ཪࡇࡢ᫬ጔᮌẶ᯾ཏ࡬㉱ࢀࡋ࡟㸪✰ࡢᆏࡢୗ࡞ࡾ㸪ᆅࡢ๭ࢀ࡚✄ጔࡢዴࡁ㉥ࡁⅆ❆ࡢ㞀Ꮚࡢ㉥ࡁ࡟㥧㸦࠾࡝ࢁࡁ㸧࡚㸪࡚᫂ぢࡿฟ࡚ࠖࠗᏳᨻᆅ㟈㞧グ࠘>ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ࡟㸪༡ࡢ᪉࡟࡚㸪ࡋ࠿ࡶ⛬㏆ࡁ࠶ࡓࡾ࡟㸪ኴࡉ ᡤ཰@಑࡟࠸࠺୰➉ࡢ఩࡟࡚ᩘ୔ࡢⅆẼ㉥ࡃぢ࠼㘠ࡘյ ࡟࠶ࡿࠕ▼࠿ࡁࡍࢀྜ࡚ⅆฟࡅࡿࠖࡣ㟈ືࡿࡢዴࡃ᭤ࡾ࡚ᢡࢀࡓࡿࢆ┳ࡓࡾ᫝ࡸୡ࡟࠸࠺࡟ࡼࡿ▼ྠኈࡢᦶ᧿Ⓨ⇕࡛㝽㛫ࢆ⦭ࡗ࡚ᄇฟࡋࡓኳ↛࢞ࢫࡀ╔ⅆࡋࡓ࡜᥎ ࡛ࡁࡿⅆᰕ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡟ࡸ࠶ࡽࢇ࡜ᛮ࠸㸪᛹ࡋࡳᢡ࠿ࡽಂ㸦࡟ࢃ࠿㸧࡟㟈ฟࡋࡾ࡜࡞ࢇ㸪ࡑࡢእୗ㇂
i ⪃ᐹ ⱴ⏫㸪᰿ᓊ㸪㟋ᒾᓥ࠶ࡓࡾ࡟ࡶ㸪ⅆࡢග࠶ࡾࡋࠕ᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱࠖ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ㸧࡞ࢆぢࡓࡿࡶࡢ࠶ࡾࡋ࡜࡞ࡴࠖ
ࠗṊỤᆅືࡢグ࠘>Ṋ⪅  ᡤ཰@࡝ࡢṔྐᆅ㟈ྐᩱࢆ㎺ࡾ  ௳ࡢṔྐᆅ㟈ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ  ᖺṇ჆ᆅ㟈㸪 ᖺඖ⚘ᆅ㟈㸪 ᖺ㔠յ㸦ᆅ㟈᫬㸸⾜ᚨ㸧ࠕ஧᪥ኪ⾜ᚨࡢ㎶࡟ࡣᆅୖࡼ
ἑᆅ㟈㸪 ᖺி㒔ᆅ㟈㸪 ᖺᏳᨻఀ㈡ᆅ㟈࡟ࡾⅆ⇞ฟࡓࡾ㸪㏆ࡃࡼࡾぢࢀࡤぢ࠼ࡎ㸪ࡲࡓ඼͆ᆅ୰࠿ࡽࡢⅆ⅖ࡢᄇฟࡋ͇࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓグ஦ࡀ࠶ඛ࡟ⅆࡢ⇞ࡿࢆぢࡿࡢࡳ㸪Ⱚ᳃ඖ⏫ࡢᆓṇ㕥ᮌࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟  ㉺ᚋ୕᮲ᆅ㟈㸪 ᖺၿගᑎᆅ
⯆ྑ⾨㛛ࡶṈ㸦ࡢ㸧ኪ㏵୰࡟᪊࠸࡚ᅵ୰ࡼࡾⅆ㟈ࠊ ᖺᏳᨻỤᡞᆅ㟈࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᆅ୰ⅆ⅖ᄇฟࡢฟࡿࢆぢࡓࡾ࡜ࡒࠖࠗṊỤᆅືࡢグ࠘㹙Ṋ⪅ࡋࡀཎᅉࡋࡓⅆ⅏ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ  ௳ࡢ ᡤ཰@ᆅ㟈ࡢ㟈※ᇦࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶኳ↛࢞ࢫ⏣ࢆ㈿Ꮡࡍࡿᆅ
յ㸦ᆅ㟈᫬㸸Ụᡞᇛ㸧ࠕ‫ۑ‬Ṉኪᆅ㟈ࡢ᫬㣕≀ᮾ༡ᒙࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿᆅᇦ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡢ᪉ࡼࡾ㣕᮶ࢀࡾ㸪඼㡢⏒ࡋࡃගࡶ࠶࠿ࡋ࡜ぢㄪ࡭ࡓྐᩱ࡟ࡣ㸪๭ࢀ┠࠿ࡽኳ↛࢞ࢫࡀ⇞࠼ฟࡋே࠿ࡓࢀࡾ㸪ཪᚚᇛࡢ▼࠿ࡁࡍࢀྜ࡚ⅆฟࡅࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺グ஦ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣᆅ㟈ື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᆅࡿࡇ࡜ࡍࡉࡲࡋ࠿ࡾࡋ࡜ࡑ㸪ཪᆅ㟈ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁᛛୗỈ㸦₤Ỉ㸧࡟⁐ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࣓ࢱࣥࡀ⬺ἻࡋᆅୗỈࡕⅆⓎࡏࡋࡣேᐙࡢⅆᱩࡃࡘ࠿࡬ࡾ࡚ฟⅆࡍࡿᅽࡀୖ᪼㸪ᆅᒙ࡟๭ࢀ┠ࡀ࡛ࡁᢲࡋฟࡉࢀ࡚ᄇฟ㸦ࡣ㸧࠿ࡾ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡽࡍ㸪ᅵ୰ࡼࡾ⮬↛࡟ⅆⓎࡋࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ>ᇼỤ  @ᾮ≧໬ࡣ࣓ࢱ࡚ࣥⅆ஦࡜ᡂࡇ࡜᭷࡜ᡂே࠸࡬ࡾࠖ>ࠗ⸨ᒸᒇ᪥グࣂࣈࣝࢆᆅ⾲࡟㐠ࡧࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡋ㸪࣓ࢱࣥࣂࣈࣝ࠘>ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ  ᡤ཰@յ㸦ᆅ㟈᫬㸸Ụᡞ㸧ࠕ⩚⏣⇠᫂ྎ࡟ⅆࢆ↏ᒃࡓࡿ ࡣᾮ≧໬ࢆ㉳ࡁࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺>ᇼỤ  @㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅኚࡣᆅ㟈᫬࡟㝈ࡽࡎ㸪๓඙ࡍ࡭ࡾ⪅ᆅ㟈ࡺࡾ㥒ฟࡋ࡚㸪Ụᡞࡢ᪉ぢࡓࢀࣁ㸪వ⛬- 173 -

➹⪅ࡽࡣᒾ▼ࡢ◚ቯ࡛⏕ࡌࡓ᪂⏕㠃࡟࢞ࢫศᏊ
ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿᆅ㟈┤๓࡟ࡶ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸦࣓ࢱࣥ㸪❅⣲஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ࠊ㐣⇕Ỉ⵨Ẽ㸧ࡀ᥋ゐ>ຊṊ  @㸬ᐇ㝿㸪ᮏ✏࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓグ஦㸦ղ㸪ࡍࡿ࡜᪂⏕㠃࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ࢚࢟ࢯ㟁Ꮚ࡟ࡼࡾ࢞մ㸧࡟ࡣᆅ㟈┤๓࡟ⅆࡀᄇࡁฟࡋࡓ஦㇟ࡀྵࡲ
ࢫศᏊࡀ㈇ᖏ㟁ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᐇ㦂ⓗ࡟☜࠿ࡵࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>(QRPRWRHWDO  @㸬ࡑࡋ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ㟼㟁Ẽⅆ⅏ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ  ㉺ᚋ୕᮲ᆅ㟈㸪 ᖺၿ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀ࣓ࢱࣥࡢ᭱ᑠ╔ⅆ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮Pගᑎᆅ㟈㸪 ᖺᏳᨻỤᡞᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕ࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡣඹࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ࡜㟼㟁Ẽ╔ⅆࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ
㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ኳ↛࢞ࢫ⾲㠃ᚩೃࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㏻᦬ࡋࡓ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕṔྐᆅ㟈ྐᩱ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡓᆅ୰ᖖኳ↛࢞ࢫ⏣ࡣᆅୗ NP ࡢ῝ࡉ࡟㈿Ꮡࡍࡿࡀ㸪ᚤᑠ࡞ட⿣࡞࡝ࢆఏࡗ࡚⾲㠃࡟ⁱฟ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛㸪 ࠿ࡽࡢⅆ↍ᄇฟࡋ⌧㇟ࡣ㸪⾲ᒙ㏆ࡃࡢᆅᒙ࡟ኳ↛࢞ࢫ⁀ࡲࡾࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᆅ㟈άື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㟼㟁Ẽⓗ࡟ᆅ㟈άື࡟క࠺ᆅ๭ࢀࡸ᩿ᒙ㐠ື࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኳ㈿ά໬ࡋࡓኳ↛࢞ࢫࡀⅆ⅖࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ᄇࡁฟࡋࡓࡇ↛࢞ࢫ୺ᡂศࡢ࣓ࢱࣥࡀ㈿ά໬ࡋ࡚⮬↛╔ⅆࡋࡓ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≀⌮໬Ꮫⓗస⏝࡛⮬↛╔ⅆ࡟࠸ࡓࡗࡓࡢ࠿௨ୗ࡟⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㸬ᅗ  D 㛗㔝┴࿴⏣ᓘ⏘ᒾ▼ࢧࣥࣉࣝ㸦ὶ⣠ᒾจ⅊ᒾἾᒾࡢΰྜ㸧ࡢ 7'606 ศᯒ⃰࠸⅊ⰍࡢᲬࢢࣛ
ࣇ㸸ヨᩱຍ⇕ ᗘ㸪Υ㸸ⷧ࠸⅊ⰍࡢᲬࢢࣛࣇ㸸ΥE ᩿ᒙᦶ᧿࡟క࠺ ᗘኚ໬㸦᩿ᒙ㏿ᗘ PVᆶ┤ᛂຊ03D㸧㸬
Fig.10 a) TDS-MS of rock sample㸦rhyolite/tuff mixture㸧㸪 collected in Nagano. Dark gray bars, 250Υ㸸light gray bars, 500Υ. b) Frictional temperature as a function of time elapse, calculated using Makenzie and Brue’s
model [MackenzieÂBrune (1972)].

- 174 -࠸ࡲ୍ࡘࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ὸ࠸ᆅᒙ࡟࢞ࢫ⁀ࡲࡾࡣ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶኳ↛࢞ࢫ㸦࣓ࢱࣥ࡞࡝㸧ࢆ྾ⶶࡋࡓจ⅊ᒾࡸἾᒾࡀᦶ᧿Ⓨ⇕ࢆ࠺ࡅ࡚྾ⶶ࢞ࢫࡀ⇕⬺㞳ࡍࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᐇ㝿㸪㛗㔝┴࿴⏣ᓘ⏘ࡢὶ⣠ᒾ࡟จ⅊ᒾ࣭Ἶᒾࡀΰࡌࡿᒾ▼ᑠࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ᪼ ⬺㞳࢞ࢫ㉁㔞ศᯒ㸦7'606㸧ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 㹟࡟♧ࡋࡓ>(QRPRWR HW DO  @㸬ࡇࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽᒾ▼ࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟྾ⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࣓ࢱࣥࡸ㧗ḟࡢ࢔ࣝ࢝ࣥࡀ Υࡢຍ⇕ ᗘ࡛⇕⬺㞳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ>(QRPRWRHWDO  @㸬࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ᆅ⾲㠃ࡢࡎࢀࢆకࡗࡓᆅ๭ࢀࡢ㛤㛢ࡸ᩿ᒙࡍ࡭ࡾࡣᦶ᧿Ⓨ⇕ࢆక࠺㸬ᆅ㟈࡟ࡼࡿ᩿ᒙ㐠ືࡢ㏿ᗘ࣭ᛂຊࢆᶍࡋࡓᦶ᧿ᐇ㦂ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ>౛࠼ࡤሐ  @ࡑࡢ᮲௳࡟࡯ࡰྜࢃࡏ࡚ McKenzieÂBrune  ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪᩿ᒙࡍ࡭ࡾ࡟క࠺ᦶ᧿ ᗘࢆᩘ್ィ⟬ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ㸬ᅗ E ࡟ィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᦶ᧿ ᗘࡣᦶ᧿⏺㠃௜㏆࡛࣓ࢱࣥࡢ╔ⅆ ᗘ Υࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ ௨ୖ࡟㏙࡭ࡓ㉁㔞ศᯒ࡜ᩘ್ィ⟬࠿ࡽ㸪ᆅ㟈࡟క࠺ᆅẆኚື࡟ࡼࡿᦶ᧿Ⓨ⇕ࡶᒾ▼࡟྾ⶶࡉࢀࡓኳ↛࢞ࢫࡢ⇕⬺㞳࣭ຍ⇕࡟ࡼࡿ⇞↝཯ᛂࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࠺ࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬࡞࠾  ᖺ㛵ᮾ኱ᆅ㟈ࡢ࡜ࡁᮾிᕷ୰ࡢపᆅᖏ࡛㉳ࡁࡓⅆ⅏ᇦࡣ  ᏳᨻỤᡞᆅ㟈ࡢⅆ⅏Ⓨ⏕ᇦ࡜࡯ࡰ㔜࡞ࡿ>㛗ᑿ  @ࡋ࠿ࡋ㛵ᮾ኱ᆅ㟈ࡣⓑ᫨ࡢ᫂ࡿ࠸࡜ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ୖ㏙ࡋࡓṔྐᆅ㟈ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᆅ୰࠿ࡽࡢⅆ↍ᄇฟࡋࠖࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶぢ࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ⅆ⅖ᄇฟࡋࡢ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ドゝࡣࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵᮏ✏࡛ࡣྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ูࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽࡢ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬i ࡲ࡜ࡵ ᖺᏳᨻỤᡞᆅ㟈௨๓ࡢṔྐᆅ㟈ྐᩱࢆㄪ࡭㸪ᆅ㟈άື࡟కࡗ࡚ࠕᆅ୰࠿ࡽࡢⅆ↍ᄇฟࡋࡓࠖ
࡜࠸࠺グ஦ࢆᢳฟࡋࡓ࡜ࡃ࡟  ᖺ㉺ᚋ୕᮲ᆅ㟈 ᖺၿගᑎᆅ㟈ࡸ  ᖺᏳᨻỤᡞᆅ㟈࡛㉳ࡁࡓⅆ⅏ࡣᆅ୰࠿ࡽⅆࡀฟ࡚⅏ᐖ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿドゝࡀ」ᩘぢࡘ࠿ࡗࡓࡇࢀࡽᆅ㟈ࡢ㟈※ᇦࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᆅୗ࡟ኳ↛࢞ࢫࢆ⬇⫾ࡋ⾲㠃࢞ࢫᚩೃࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿᆅᇦ࡟࠶ࡿ㸬ᆅ๭ࢀ࡟క࠺ᖏ㟁ࡋࡓ࢞ࢫࡢ㟼㟁Ẽ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢⓎ⏕ࡸ᩿ᒙ㠃ࡢᦶ᧿࡟క࠺Ⓨ⇕ࡀせᅉ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚⮬↛╔ⅆࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢせᅉࡣࣛ࣎ᐇ㦂࡛☜࠿ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᆅ୰࣓ࢱࣥ࡟ࡼࡿⅆ⅏ࣜࢫࢡࡣ௒ᚋࡢ㜵⅏ᑐ⟇࡟ࡶ⪃៖ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ㔜せ࡞▱ぢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ
ㅰ㎡ ᮏ✏ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡟ᙜࡾ⤮ᅗࡢ฼⏝ࢆチㅙ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓᮏ㛫࢖࣑ᏊẶ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟┿⏣ᐆ≀㤋㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㈗㔜࡞᝟ሗࢆࡈᩍ♧࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ᪂₲ᕷ❧᪂ὠᅗ᭩㤋᳃┤⨾Ặ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟┿⏣ᐆ≀㤋⁁㎶࠸ࡎࡳẶ࡟ཌࡃ࠾♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ㸬ࡲࡓ᭷┈࡞ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓᑠᯇཎ⌶Ặ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟⦅㞟ᢸᙜ⪅࡟ឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ㸬࡞࠾ᮏ◊✲ࡣओࢥ࣏ࣥࣥ◊✲ᡤ࡜ࡢඹྠ◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪◊✲ᨭ᥼࡟ㅰពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍᑐ㇟ᆅ㟈䠖㻝㻞㻡㻣 ᖺṇ჆ᆅ㟈䠈㻝㻣㻜㻟 ᖺඖ⚘ᆅ㟈䠈㻝㻣㻥㻥 ᖺ㔠ἑᆅ㟈䠈㻝㻤㻞㻤 ᖺ㉺ᚋ୕᮲ᆅ㟈䠈㻝㻤㻠㻣 ᖺၿගᑎᆅ㟈䠈㻝㻤㻡㻠 ᖺᏳᨻఀ㈡ᆅ㟈䠈㻝㻤㻡㻡 ᖺᏳᨻỤᡞᆅ㟈㻌ᩥ㻌 ⊩㻌㉥⩚㈆ᖾ䌭ຍ⸨☛୍䌭ᐩᶔⱱᏊ䌭㔠ཎၨྖ㻘㻌 㻝㻥㻥㻞㻘㻌 ୰㔝ᆅᇦ䛾ᆅ㉁㻚ᆅᇦᆅ㉁◊✲ሗ࿌䠄㻡 ୓ศ䛾 㻝ᆅ㉁ᅗᖜ䠅㻘㻌 ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᡤ㻘㻌㻝㻜㻢㼜㼜㻚㻌Ⲩ ᕝ ⚽ ಇ 㻘㻌 㻝㻥㻤㻞㻘㻌 ᐇ 㘓 ኱ Ụ ᡞ ቯ ⁛ 䛾 ᪥ 㻘 ᩍ ⫱ ♫ 㻘㻌㻞㻥㻣㼜㼜㻚㻌ᴮᮏ♸Ⴙ㻘㻌 㻝㻥㻥㻤㻘㻌 ᆅ㟈Ⓨග䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛸Ⓨග⌧㇟䛾≉ᚩᢳฟ㻘㻌 Ṕྐᆅ㟈㻘㻌㻝㻝㻠㻘㻌㻠㻡㻙㻡㻡㻚㻌㻱㼚㼛㼙㼛㼠㼛㻘㻌 㼅㻚㻌 㼅㼍㼙㼍㼎㼑㻘㻌 㼀㻚㻌 㻿㼡㼓㼕㼡㼞㼍㻘㻌 㻿㻚㻌 㻌 㻷㼛㼚㼐㼛㻘㻌 㼅㻚㻘㻌㻞㻜㻞㻝㻘㻌 㻸㼍㼎㼛㼞㼍㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌 㼕㼚㼢㼑㼟㼠㼕㼓㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼏㼛㼡㼜㼘㼑㼐㻌㼑㼘㼑㼏㼠㼞㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌 㼕㼚㼠㼑㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼒㼞㼍㼏㼠㼡㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼞㼛㼏㼗㻌 㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼓㼍㼟㼑㼟㻘㻌㻱㼍㼞㼠㼔㻘㻌㻼㼘㼍㼚㼑㼠㼟㻘㻌㻿㼜㼍㼏㼑㻘㻌㻣㻣㻟㻦㻥㻜㻚㻌㻱㼚㼛㼙㼛㼠㼛㻘㻌 㼅㻚㻌 㼅㼍㼙㼍㼎㼑㻘㻌 㼀㻚㻌 㻿㼡㼓㼕㼡㼞㼍㻘㻌 㻿㻚㻌 㻌 㻷㼛㼚㼐㼛㻘㻌 㼅㻚㻘㻌㻞㻜㻞㻜㻘㻌 㻸㼍㼎㼛㼞㼍㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌 㼕㼚㼢㼑㼟㼠㼕㼓㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼑㼍㼞㼠㼔㼝㼡㼍㼗㼑㻌㼘㼕㼓㼔㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼐㼡㼑㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼘㼍㼚㼐㼟㼘㼕㼐㼑㻘㻌 㻱㼍㼞㼠㼔㻘㻌 㻼㼘㼍㼚㼑㼠㼟㻘㻌 㻿㼜㼍㼏㼑㻌㻣㻞㻦㻝㻥㻤㻚㻌ᇼỤ㻌 ༤䠈㻞㻜㻝㻣㻘㻌 ᆅୗ䜺䝇䛻䜘䜛ᾮ໬⌧㇟䛸ᆅ㟈ⅆ⅏㻘㻌㧗ᩥ◊㻘㻌㻞㻡㻡㼜㼜㻚㻌஭ᓥಙ஬㑻㻘㻝㻥㻢㻜㻘㛗㔝┴ୖỈෆ㒆㇏⬟⏫ヨ᥀ᆅ௜㏆䛾ᆅ㉁㻘ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᡤ᭶ሗ㻘㻌㻝㻝㻝䠈㻝㻡㻙㻟㻜㻚㻌ຍ⸨㻌 㐍㻘㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻤㻘㻌 ᪂₲ᆅᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛Ἔ䞉䜺䝇⏣ᆅᒙỈ䛾ᆅ⌫໬Ꮫ㻘▼Ἔᢏ⾡༠఍㻘㻌㻤㻤㻟㻘㻌㻞㻡㻣㻙㻞㻢㻢㻚㻌ຍ⣡㟹அ㻘㻌㻞㻜㻞㻞㻘䛂㖭⣽ᨵ∧Ụᡞ኱ᆅ㟈ฟⅆሙᡤ㝃䛃䛾ᆅྡ䝬䝑䝥䠊㻌ᑠᯘィ୍㑻┘ಟ䠈㻝㻥㻤㻡㻘㻌 ၿගᑎ኱ᆅ㟈ᅗ⤮䠈㖟Ἑ᭩ᡣ㻘㻌㻞㻣㻜㼜㼜㻚㻌වᏊ㻌 ຾䞉㔠ཎᆒ஧䞉ụ㎶ᒎ⏕䞉ᑠụ㻌 Ύ䞉▼࿴⏣㟹❶㻘㻌㻝㻥㻡㻝㻘㻌 㛵ᮾᆅ᪉⥈ྜᆅ㉁ᅗ㻘㻌㻝㻦㻠㻜㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜㻘㻌 ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᡤ䠊㻌Ἑෆ୍⏨㻘㻌 㻞㻜㻜㻞㻘㻌 ୕᮲ᆅ㟈㻔㻝㻤㻞㻤㻕䛻క䛖␗ᖖ⌧㇟䠉䛂ᑠἨ⵬㌺ᩥᗜ䛃䛛䜙䠉㻘㻌 Ṕྐᆅ㟈㻘㻌㻝㻝㻤㻘㻌㻣㻠㻙㻣㻢㻚㻌㻹㼏㼗㼑㼚㼦㼕㼑㻘㻌㻰㻚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻮㼞㼡㼚㼑㻘㻌㻶㻚㻺㻚㻘㻌㻝㻥㻣㻞㻘㻌㻹㼑㼘㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼛㼚㻌㼒㼍㼡㼘㼠㻌- 175 -㼜㼘㼍㼚㼑㼟㻌 㼐㼡㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼘㼍㼞㼓㼑㻌 㼑㼍㼞㼠㼔㼝㼡㼍㼗㼑㼟㻘㻌 㻶㻚㻾㻚㻌 㻭㼟㼠㼞㼛㼚㻚㻌㻴㻚㻰㻚㻘㻌㻞㻜㻞㻞㻘㻌 㻻㼞㼕㼓㼕㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼐㼑㼑㼜㻌㼙㼑㼠㼔㼍㼚㼑㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼍㼏㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌㻿㼛㼏㻚㻘㻌㻞㻞㻥㻘㻌㻢㻡㻙㻣㻤㻚㻌㼒㼍㼡㼘㼠㼟㻌㼍㼘㼛㼚㼓㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻵㼠㼛㼕㼓㼍㼣㼍㻙㻿㼔㼕㼦㼡㼛㼗㼍㻌㼠㼑㼏㼠㼛㼚㼕㼏㻌㼘㼕㼚㼑㻌ᐮᕝ㻌 ᪫䠈㻝㻥㻥㻞㻘㻌 ᆅ㟈⪃ྂᏛ㻘㻌 ୰බ᪂᭩㻘㻌㻞㻡㻝㼜㼜䠊㻌㼎㼑㼠㼣㼑㼑㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻱㼡㼞㼍㼟㼕㼍㼚㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻺㼛㼞㼠㼔㻌 㻭㼙㼑㼞㼕㼏㼍㼚㻌㛗 ᑿ ᖺ ᜤ 㻘㻌 㻞㻜㻞㻞㻘㻌 ᕧ ኱ ᆅ 㟈 ิ ᓥ 㻘㻌 䝡 䝆 䝛 䝇 ♫ 㻘㻌㻼㼘㼍㼠㼑㼟㻦㻝㻟㻯㻛㻝㻞㻯㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻝㻠㻯㻛㻝㻞㻯㻌㼙㼑㼠㼔㼍㼚㼑㻌㼜㼞㼛㼒㼕㼘㼑㼟㻌㻝㻢㻤㼜㼜㻚㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㼍㻌 㼜㼡㼘㼘㻙㼍㼜㼍㼞㼠㻌 㼎㼍㼟㼕㼚㻌 㼍㼠㻌 㻸㼍㼗㼑㻌 㻿㼡㼣㼍㻘㻌 㻱㼍㼞㼠㼔㻌୰ᮧ㻌 ᧯䞉ⱴ㔝୍㑻䞉ᯇᾆᚊᏊ㻘㻌㻞㻜㻜㻡㻘㻌 ᏳᨻỤᡞᆅ㟈㻢㻘㻌㻝㻢㻤㻥㻙㻝㻢㻥㻣㻚㻌㻿㼜㼍㼏㼑㻌㻯㼔㼑㼙㻚㻘㻌㻢㻔㻝㻤㻡㻡㻕㻌 䛾Ụᡞᕷ୰䛾↝ኻ㠃✚䛾᥎ᐃ㻘㻌 ṔྐᆅẶᐙⰋ༤㻘㻝㻥㻥㻠㻘㻌 ▼Ἔᆅ㉁Ꮫᴫㄽ䠈ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫฟ∧఍㻘㻌㟈㻘㻌㻞㻞㻜㻘㻌㻞㻞㻟㻙㻞㻟㻞㻚㻌㻝㻟㻥㼜㼜㻚㻌୕ᾆၿ୍㑻㻘㻌 㻝㻥㻣㻤㻘㻌 ⅆ䛾❳ᕳ䛻ᜍ䜜䛚䛾䛾䛟㻘኱ᆅ▮⏣ಇᩥ䌭༦㒊ཌᚿ㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻜㻘㻌㻝㻤㻞㻤 ᖺ୕᮲ᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛⿕㟈䛻⏕䛝䜛䇷㛵ᮾ኱㟈⅏య㦂㞟䇷䠈ᮾி㒔ရᐖศᕸ䛸㟈※ᇦ䛾෌᳨ウ㻘㻌 ᆅ㉁䝙䝳䞊䝇㻘㻌 㻢㻣㻢㻘㻌ᕝ༊㻘㻌㻟㻙㻝㻜㻚㻌㻞㻝㻙㻞㻣㻚㻌ᐑୗ೺ྖ㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻤㻘㻌 ၿගᑎᆅ㟈䛾⿕ᐖ≧ἣ䛸䛭䛾ᑐᛂ㻘㻌 ఍ሗ䛺䛜䛾㻘㻌㻠㻠㻥㻘㻌㻞㻙㻟㻚㻌Ṋ⪅㔠ྜྷ㻘㻌 㻝㻥㻟㻞㻘㻌 ᆅ㟈䛻క䜅Ⓨග⌧㇟䛾◊✲ཬ䜃㈨ᩱ㻘㻌 ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ㻘㻌㻠㻝㻢㼜㼜㻚㻌Ṋ⪅㔠ྜྷ㻘㻌㻝㻥㻡㻣㻘㻌 ᆅ㟈䛺䜎䛪㻘㻌 ᮾ㝧ᅗ᭩㻘㻌㻞㻜㻤㼜㼜㻚㻌ຊṊᖖḟ㻘㻝㻥㻤㻢㻘ᆅ㟈๓඙⌧㇟䚸ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍㻘㻌㻞㻟㻞㼜㼜㻚㻌బᒣ㻌 Ᏺ㻘㻌 㻌 㻞㻜㻜㻠㻘㻌 ᏳᨻỤᡞᆅ㟈⅏ᐖㄅ㻌 㝃ᅗ㻌 ↝ኻ䛚䜘䜃ⅆ⅏Ⓨ⏕ᆅ䠄㝃ᐙᒇᅵⶶ⿕ᐖᅗ䠅䠊㻌▼Ἔᢏ⾡༠఍㻘㻌㻝㻥㻤㻟㻘㻌 ▼Ἔ㖔ᴗ౽ぴ㻘㻌㻣㻝㻜㼜㼜㻚㻌
ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᡤ㻌 ⇞ᩱ㒊▼Ἔㄢ㻘㻌 㻝㻥㻢㻝㼍㻘㻌 ᪥ᮏ༡㒊䛾ኳ↛䜺䝇㻘㻌 ᆅ㉁䝙䝳䞊䝇㻘㻌㻤㻤㻟㻌㻔㻣㻕㻘㻌㻞㻝㻙㻞㻠㻚㻌 㻌
ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᡤ㻌 ⇞ᩱ㒊▼Ἔㄢ㻘㻌 㻝㻥㻢㻝㼎㻘㻌 ᪥ᮏ୰㒊䛾ኳ↛䜺䝇㻘ᆅ㉁䝙䝳䞊䝇㻘㻌㻤㻤㻟㻌㻔㻣㻕㻘㻌㻝㻞㻙㻞㻜㻚㻌ሐ㻌 ᫛ே㻘㻌 㻞㻜㻜㻥㻘㻌 㧗㏿䛩䜉䜚᫬䛻䛚䛡䜛ᒾ▼䛾ᦶ᧿ᙉᗘᙅ໬䛾ᶵᵓ䇷ᦶ᧿⇇⼥䜢క䜟䛺䛔ሙྜ䛻䛴䛔䛶䇷㻘㻌 ᆅ㟈㻘㻌㻢㻢㻝㻘㻌㻿㻡㻞㻣㻙㻿㻡㻟㻟㻚㻌ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ㻘㻝㻥㻤㻞㻘㻌 ᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ 㻞 ᕳูᕳ㻘㻌㻞㻥㻣㼜㼜㻚㻌ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ㻘㻝㻥㻤㻡㻘㻌 ᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ㻌 ➨஬ᕳูᕳ 㻞㻙㻝㻘㻌㻝㻞㻡㻟㼜㼜㻚㻌ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ㻘㻌㻝㻥㻤㻤㻘㻌 ᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ㻌 ➨㻡 ᕳ䠈ูᕳ 㻢㻙㻞㻘㻌㼜㻤㻝㻥㻙㻝㻤㻟㻠㻚㻌ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ㻘㻌㻝㻥㻤㻥㻘㻌 ᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ㻌 ⿵㑇㻌 ูᕳ㻘㻌㻥㻥㻣㼜㼜㻚㻌ᮾி㒔ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᴗ༠఍ᢏ⾡ጤဨ఍㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻠㻘㻌 ≉㞟䠖ᮾி䛾ኳ↛䠄ᆅ୰䠅䜺䝇㻘㻌 ᢏ⾡䝜䞊䝖㻘㻌㻠㻠㻣㻘㻌㻝㻙㻞㻤㻚㻌᮰ᯇ㟢㤶㻘㻌 㻝㻥㻣㻣㻘㻌 ᆅ㟈䛾᝺๻㻘㻌 ᘯ໬ᅄᖺၿගᑎ኱ᆅ㟈䠈ಙ⃰ẖ᪥᪂⪺♫㻘㻌㻞㻠㻜㼜㼜㻚㻌᳜➉ᐩ୍䞉୰ᮧு୍䞉Ᏹబ⨾㱟ኵ䞉Ώ㑓೺㻘㻌 㻞㻜㻜㻡䠈㻝㻤㻞㻤 ㉺ᚋ୕᮲ᆅ㟈䛾ᆅኚ➼䛾グ஦䛻䛴䛔䛶㻘Ṕྐᆅ㟈㻘㻌㻞㻞㻜㻘㻌㻞㻟㻟㻙㻞㻠㻞㻚㻌㼁㼞㼍㼕㻘㻌㻭㻚㻌㼀㼍㼗㼍㼚㼛㻘㻌㼅㻚㻌㻹㼍㼠㼟㼡㼕㻘㻌㼅㻚㻘㻌㻵㼣㼍㼠㼍㻘㻌㻴㻚㻌㻹㼕㼥㼍㼕㼞㼕㻘㻌㼅㻚㻌㼅㼛㼗㼛㼥㼍㼙㼍㻘㻌㼅㻚㻌㻹㼕㼥㼍㼎㼍㼞㼍㻘㻌㼅㻚㻌㻻㼔㼗㼛㼡㼏㼔㼕㻘㻌㻺㻚㻌㻼㼍㼞㼗㻘㻌- 176 -