CFP Communication Program

Requirements for CFP-PCR

Established on July 2, 2012
Document ID: C-06-01
Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry－1－This document prescribes requirements for CFP-PCR (Carbon Footprint of Products - Product Category
Rules) under the CFP Communication Program (hereinafter called “the CFP Program”), operated andmanaged by JEMAI (Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry).
1. Requirements of businesses who wish to garner an approval for a CFP-PCR
Businesses who wish to garner an approval for CFP-PCR (hereinafter called “the businesses”) shall meet thefollowing requirements.
(1) The businesses shall be the one which directly engage in a supply chain of the product category
targeted by the draft CFP-PCR. It may include the industry group constituted by the businesses
which directly engage in the supply chain.
(2) It shall not include any businesses which are inappropriate in view of public order and morals (e.g., acompany which has been violating a law).
2. Use of “Sector Guidance for CFP-PCR development”
A set of procedures for CFP-PCR development (e.g., draft development, public comment, reviews, and review
panel, etc.) take much time and energy for parties involved. In order to reduce such burdens, the businesses
will develop a CFP-PCR by referring to the “Sector Guidance for CFP-PCR development” (hereinafter called“the Sector Guidance”).
The Sector Guidance does not prescribe any requirements for CFP-PCR. There is a possibility that therequirements specific to the target product are required when actually developing a CFP-PCR, thereby thebusinesses shall firstly confirm the conformity to this document, and then shall change and embody of thecontents as appropriate.
The Sector Guidance is developed by analyzing existing approved CFP-PCR, and by consolidating excerpts
from common/similar requirements of certain product category.
*Italic types in the following table show examples and explanations of requirements, and they do not show
requirements.
No.

Items

Contents

1

Scope

1-1

Scope

2

Definitions of product category

2-1

Product category

Scope shall be described.
Target product shall be defined explicitly so as to identify the product to be
included in a target product category. Excerpts from JSCC (the Japan
Standard Commodity Classification), JSIC (the Japan Standard Industry
Classification), and/or JIS (the Japanese Industrial Standards), can beused for descriptions of the definitions.
When specifying product definitions, at least the following items shall betaken into account.
- Functions and characteristics- Intended purpose (e.g., for business use, for consumer use, etc.)- Legal regulations (e.g., the Energy Conservation Law, etc.)- Other relative standards (e.g., industry standards, etc.)- Range of responsibility of the businesses
Scale of classification for target product category should be set by using
JSCC’s classifications of “group (2 digits)” or “class (3 digits)”.
－2－

In principle, the businesses shall set a target product category. The
businesses shall investigate existing approved CFP-PCR of this CFP
Program, and if they find an overlap of a product to be covered by their
CFP-PCR, they shall take into account the contents of the approved
CFP-PCR. After finished the examination and consideration, if thebusinesses wish to apply an approval of the CFP-PCR as another
CFP-PCR, they shall describe the reason.
2-2Functions

Functions covered by quantification shall be described. The functions
covered by quantification may be described in statements separately foreach case.
When quantifying CFP, it will be required that target functions to becovered shall be clarified by selecting from various product functions.
Functions will be set so as to correspond to the purpose of CFP
declaration. Note that, even for the same product, there will be different inquantification unit, unit to be labeled, and scope of quantification,according to the functions to be set.

2-3

Quantification unit
(Functional unit)

As quantification unit of a target product category, functional unit whichcorresponds to the functions covered by quantification shall be described.
There is a case that functional unit is expressed by “product unit,” “sales
unit,” or “volume unit (e.g., per 100g of contents, per 100g of standard
weight, etc.)”.
Provided that within a scope that the same functional unit can be set in the
CFP-PCR, the businesses can define a product classification scale forusing as CFP quantification unit.
As an example of such classification scale, beer may be classified as
below in the order of scale.
- Several beers of multiple companies (the average of the multiple
companies)- The beers of the company A- The beers under the brand B of the company A- The beer C produced in a plant under the brand B of the company A
Note that classification scale of a target product corresponds torepresentativeness of data to be collected. For example, when target
product is set as “beers of a company A,” all beers sold by the company A
shall be taken into account in principle.

2-4Components ofproduct

Components of the target product shall be described.
Accessories and packing materials used at the time of selling products
shall in principle be included in a product system. However, they may not
be included in the components of the product, when it is an option andpurchaser-selectable item (e.g., promotional options which are temporarily
attached to the product, car navigation system when automobile is coveredby the assessment, etc.), and also when it is assumed that CO 2 emissionsof such item has small contributions to the total CO2 emissions of an entire
life cycle of the product.
－3－

3

Referenced standards and CFP-PCR

3-1

Referenced standards
and CFP-PCR

For referenced materials, standards already published (e.g., JIS) and
CFP-PCR already published can be used. When using suchstandards/CFP-PCR for quotation, the name of the referenced
standards/CFP-PCR shall be described and the excepted part shall be
stated clearly.
[When quoting CFP-PCR]- Only the name of the referenced CFP-PCR shall be described, andthe ID number of the referenced CFP-PCR shall not be described.
The latest version of the referenced CFP-PCR shall be used inprinciple when quantifying CFP, provided that there is any reason thata specific version of the referenced standard/CFP-PCR should be
used.
- For a process whose associated data is collected by using thereferenced CFP-PCR, a notation such as, “Part of the data is collectedby referring to the referenced CFP-PCR,” shall be clearly described.
- For a life cycle stage and a process which is quoted from other
CFP-PCR, when it has small contributions to the total CO2 emissionsof an entire life cycle stages of the product, or when it is difficult for thebusinesses to collect primary data, the businesses can use secondary
data instead of collecting primary data by using referenced CFP-PCR.
[Examples of descriptions about quotation]- “Definitions of terms” quoted from “JIS Z xx,”
- “No.11-4: the disposal and recycling scenario” quoted from “PX-XX xx”

4

Terms and definitions

4-1

Terms and definitions

5

Product system (data collection range)

5-1

Product system (datacollection range)

Of terms used in CFP-PCR, sufficient explanations shall be given for
special terms unfamiliar to the public and terms which require setting ofspecific definitions in CFP-PCR. For definitions of terms, terms of alreadypublished standard such as JIS should be used.
The terms defined in “terms and definitions” under the documents of the
CFP Program, and the terms defined in the rules related to CFP
quantification and declaration, shall not be defined again in CFP-PCR.
A target product system shall be set by considering an entire life cycle ofthe product. The product system to be set shall be a range of an entire life
cycle which fulfills target product functions which correspond to the
purpose of CFP declaration, and also shall include a process which can
not ignore in view of scale of contributions to the total CO 2 emissions of an
entire life cycle.
The life cycle stage included in the product system shall be described.
In principle, life cycle of a product is constituted by the following stage.
- The raw material acquisition stage- The production stage- The distribution stage- The use and maintenance stage- The disposal and recycling stage－4－

However, it may be excluded the cases where it is difficult to be divided
into the life cycle stages described above (e.g., service area). Moreover, a
process which cannot be collected associated data respectively from theraw material stage and the production stage, it may be integrated intoeither of the stage.
When it aims to be quoted in another CFP, the businesses can quantify
only a specific life cycle stage or a process, not an entire life cycle. In thiscase, the calculation results of the CO2 emissions shall be “partial CFP”.
When it is treated as partial CFP, it shall be described in the CFP-PCR.
Carbon offsetting shall not be included in CFP and partial CFP.
[Sales process](1) Assumptions of sales process
Life cycles of all products include sales process. Sales process is difficult
to reach a consensus on its assessment methodology and difficult to use
for improvement based on the calculation results, due to the following
backgrounds depending on products: 1) a wide variety of sales pattern canbe assumed; 2) they are sold with various products; 3) collecting
information is difficult, as sales process is located in the latter part of a
supply chain; 4) there is a little storage of data on the sales process; and 5)
there is a case that the sales process has too large environmental impacts
to ignore.
However, it is important to take into account sales process for promoting
measures to prevent global warming, considering an entire life cycle.
Especially for a product which has large impact in its sales process, it isneeded to review a sales method, and to collect primary data and to
improve challenges in cooperation with purchasers.
This CFP Program, therefore, require an inclusion of sales process in CFP
in principle. However, it should understand that the issues described above
have not been dissolved yet and the uncertainty of issues is large.
(2) Setting of a product system related to sales process
Inclusion of sales process in a product system shall be set in each
CFP-PCR.
When sales process contribution to the total CO2 emissions of an entire life
cycle is too large to ignore, it shall be included in a product system.
Sales process can be conducted cut-off, when its contribution to the totallife cycle is small, or when a scenario of sales process has high uncertainty
and reliable information cannot be obtained.
[Use and maintenance process]There is a variety of usage and maintenance of a product depending on
individual users, and thereby volume of CO2 emissions may significantly
increase or decrease depending on how to use the product. Therefore,setting use process or maintenance process in communication with CFP ishighly important, since it can have a possibility to change consumer
behaviors. Considering these points, use/maintenance process should be－5－included in a product system in the cases described below.
- When reduction is possible by the businesses’ efforts, and also when it
is assumed that there is impact by the characteristics of target product.
- When reduction is possible by consumers’ efforts, and also when it isassumed that there is impact by the usage specific to target product.
- When it is considered that the information is needed in communicationby the businesses.
[Disposal and recycling process]A product system is completed by properly treating a product after finishedprovisions of its product functions. Therefore, disposal/recycling process ofthe product/service which provided its functions shall be included in thescope of assessment. Note that there could be differences between thescope of disposal/recycling process of used product and the scope of the
product treated as wastes under the Waste Management Law.
5-2

Cut-off criteria andcut-off target

For cut-off criteria, the businesses shall follow “Requirements for CFP
quantification and declaration” and shall concretely describe items to be
conducted cut-off.
Cut-off criteria in CFP quantification can be embodied as appropriate,
within a range which meets the cut-off criteria of “Requirements for CFP
quantification and declaration”.

5-3Life cycle flow chart

Life cycle flow chart, which is a schematic diagram of major processes andflows included in the product system, shall be shown. The format of a life
cycle flow chart shall follow Annex A (informative).

6

CFP quantification method applied to all stages

6-1

Criteria of setting
range of primary datacollection

Range of primary data collection shall be set.
In principle, process activities (e.g., input amounts of each input, transportvolume, emissions volume of wastes) within a range of business
operations shall be included in the range of primary data collection.
Important data collection items, in view of the purpose of CFP declaration,
shall be included in the range of primary data collection, even if it is out ofbusiness operations.
However, when it is not viable in reality to collect data by the businesses in
CFP quantification, or when it has small contributions to an entire life cycle,
it may not be included in the range of primary data collection, but thereason shall be described clearly.
A process or a flow which has large contributions to an entire life cycle
should be included in the range of primary data collection (e.g., transport
by sea or air when its environmental impact is large, or treatment processof wastes which require special treatment). In addition, it should be
decided whether such process/flow is included in the range of primary datacollection or not, after examining data collection methods in detail to clarify
whether it can be collected as primary data.
A process or a flow, which the businesses judge as effective to reduce
CFP, should be included in the range of primary data collection.
When it is out of a range of business operations but the businesses caneasily collect primary data, it should be included in the range of primary－6－

data collection (e.g., transportation route which can be easily identified,such as from production site of goods to distribution center, etc.).
The following table shows the scope for setting a range of primary datacollection.
Table: Criteria for setting a range of primary data collection
When it is not viable

When it has

in reality for data

small

Other than thecollection bycontribution tocases listed on

businesses in CFPan entire life

the leftquantification

cycle

Process within arange of thebusiness
operations
Important datacollection items inview of the

In principle, they shall be included in

They shall be

the range of primary data collection.

included in the

When not be included, its reason shallrange of primary

be clearly described.

data collection

purpose of CFP
declaration
Process which haslarge contribution
to CO2 emissions
Process which is

They arerecommended
to be included

effective forin the range ofreducing CFP

primary data

Process whose

collection

primary data iseasily collected

6-2

Quality of primary data

Criteria on data quality required when collecting primary data shall follow“Requirements for CFP quantification and declaration”. Within a range
which meets the “Requirements for CFP quantification and declaration,”rules can be embodied as appropriate.

6-3

Primary data collection
methodPrimary data collection method shall follow “Requirements for CFP
quantification and declaration”. Within a range which meets the“Requirements for CFP quantification and declaration,” the rules can beembodied as appropriate

6-4

Quality of secondarydata

Criteria on data quality required when collecting secondary data shallfollow “Requirements for CFP quantification and declaration”. Within arange which meets the “Requirements for CFP quantification anddeclaration,” rules can be embodied as appropriate.

6-5

Secondary datacollection method

Secondary data collection method shall follow “Requirements for CFP
quantification and declaration”. Within a range which meets the“Requirements for CFP quantification and declaration,” the rules can beembodied as appropriate. For example, priority of database to be used canbe set. Emission factor data to be used in CFP-PCR can be specified.
－7－

6-6

Allocation

For an important process which requires allocation, the allocation method
and the method for avoiding allocation shall be described.

6-7

Scenario(1) Setting of transport scenario
Assuming the case when primary data is difficult to be collected, transportscenario according to product characteristics shall be set. Transportscenario should be set by using the ton-kilometer method (including theimproved ton-kilometer method). In addition, assumptions of setting
transport scenario should be described.
The following is an example of the assumptions: note that whether loading
ratio is overestimation or not, in the case of a product which has large
volume but small weight.
(2) Setting of a scenario of wastes treatment
Assuming the case when primary data is difficult to be collected, wastes
treatment scenario according to product characteristics shall be set. In
addition, assumptions of setting wastes treatment scenario should be
described.

6-8

Other

Of the items related to CFP quantification method and are commonly
applied to all stages, the rule which is not described in No.6-1 to No.6-7
can be described here. However, in principle, contents described in“Requirements for CFP quantification and declaration” shall not be
described here again.
[Examples of contents to be described]- Handling of series product- When labeling additional statements on deduction of alternative
product system, its range and conditions, etc.

7

Requirements for the raw material acquisition stage

7-1

Range of theprocesses

Processes included in the range of data collection (No.5-1) shall be
described based on the criteria of setting a product system. The processes
here shall be corresponded to a life cycle flow chart.

7-2

Data collection items

Data collection items shall be described for each process identified in
No.7-1. In descriptions of such items, activities shall be categorized into
the items to be collected as primary data, the items which may becollected as secondary data, and the items to be collected for scenario.

7-3

Primary data collection
method andrequirements

For primary data collection items identified in No.7-2, rules on its collection
method and conditions shall be described.

7-4

Scenario

Rules on scenario may be described.

7-5

Other

When there are differences of contents between requirements in No.6
(general requirements applied to all stages) and requirements for eachstage, a section of “exceptions related to XXX” may be created and theexceptions may be described in this No.7-5.

8Requirements for the production stage

8-1

Range of theprocesses

Processes included in the range of data collection (No.5-1) shall be
described based on the criteria of setting a product system. The processes
here shall be corresponded to a life cycle flow chart.

8-2

Data collection items

Data collection items shall be described for each process identified in
No.8-1. In descriptions of such items, activities shall be categorized into
the items to be collected as primary data, the items which may be－8－collected as secondary data, and the items to be collected for scenario.
8-3

Primary datacollection method
and requirements

For primary data collection items identified in No.8-2, rules on its collection
method and conditions shall be described.

8-4

Scenario

Rules on scenario may be described.

8-5

Other

When there are differences of contents between requirements in No.6
(general requirements applied to all stages) and requirements for eachstage, a section of “exceptions related to XXX” may be created and theexceptions may be described in this No.8-5.

9Requirements for the distribution stage

9-1

Range of theprocesses

Processes included in the range of data collection (No.5-1) shall be
described based on the criteria of setting a product system. The processes
here shall be corresponded to a life cycle flow chart.

9-2

Data collection items

Data collection items shall be described for each process identified in
No.9-1. In descriptions of such items, activities shall be categorized into
the items to be collected as primary data, the items which may be collected
as secondary data, and the items to be collected for scenario.
(1) Data collection items of sales process
Two types of data related to “setting of sales method” and “setting ofemission factor for each sales method” shall be collected. In setting ofsales method, the sales methods at retail store (e.g., room temperature
sale, cold storage sale, or mail-order sale) shall be identified, then decidea constituent ratio of sales methods.
When setting of emissions factor for each sales method, emission factor
corresponding to sales method shall be decided. GHG emissions per
product in sales process can be shown by using the following equation.
[Equation] Σ（Sales method i x Emission factor for each sales method i)[Setting of sales method]
1. In the case that a constituent ratio of representative sales methods is
decided in CFP-PCR
e.g.1) Assumed “store (room temperature)” as 5%, “store (cold storage)”as 90%, and “mail-order” as 5%e.g.2) Assumed “mail-order” as 100%, since the product is mainly soldby mail-order.
2. In the case that a method for setting a constituent ratio of representative
sales methods is shown in CFP-PCR, and the businesses set a
constituent ratio by using the method in each CFP quantification.
e.g.) For a constituent ratio of “room temperature sale,” “cold storage
sale,” and “mail-order sale,” the businesses shall decide byinterviewing their top purchasers.
3. In the case that no sales method is set in CFP-PCR, and that thebusinesses set an appropriate scenario based on primary data in each
CFP quantificatione.g.) In this PCR, it is difficult to set a representative sales method due tocharacteristics of a target product group, thereby it is set in CFP
quantification.

－9－

[Setting of emission factor for each sales method]
4. In the case that emission factor for each sales method is set forindividual product familye.g.) Emission factor per Yen of ballpoint pens in selling at store
Emission factor per Yen of erasers in selling at store
5. In the case that a uniform and representative emission factor for eachsales method is sete.g.) Emission factor per stationery in selling at store
6. In the case that emission factor is set by using detailed input parameterse.g.) In the case of “store (cold storage),” it is calculated as below:
2
2[“Product installation area” (m ) / “Showcase area” (m ) x “Electricity
consumption per day” (kWh) x “Number of days left at store” (day)].
2
Average values are set as follows: when the showcase area is “X m ,”the electricity consumption per day as “XkWh,” and the number of daysleft at store as “X days”. When there is an expiration date, “number ofdays up to the expiration date” is set as the number of days left at store.
7. In the case that no emission factor is set in CFP-PCR, and that thebusinesses collect data as primary data in CFP quantification
9-3

Primary datacollection method
and requirements

For primary data collection items identified in No.9-2, rules on its collection
method and conditions shall be described.

9-4

Scenario

Rules on scenario may be described.

9-5

Other

When there are differences of contents between requirements in No.6
(general requirements applied to all stages) and requirements for eachstage, a section of “exceptions related to XXX” may be created and theexceptions may be described in this No.9-5.

10Requirements for the use and maintenance stage

10-1

Range of theprocesses

Processes included in the range of data collection (No.5-1) shall be
described based on the criteria of setting a product system. The processes
here shall be corresponded to a life cycle flow chart.

10-2

Data collection items

Data collection items shall be described for each process identified in
No.10-1. In descriptions of such items, activities shall be categorized into
the items to be collected as primary data, the items which may be collected
as secondary data, and the items to be collected for scenario.

10-3

Primary datacollection method
and requirements

For primary data collection items identified in No.10-2, rules on its
collection method and conditions shall be described.

10-4

Scenario

Rules on scenario may be described.
Especially for use/maintenance patterns of products, various cases are
assumed depending on users. Therefore, use/maintenance scenario shallbe set. This scenario shall be set based on the following requirements.
- It shall be linked to functional unit.
- When various usage patterns are assumed, standard, representative,
or average scenario shall be set based on objective evidence.
The concrete examples of such evidence shall be any descriptions
related to the scenarios, such as from published international
standards, published domestic guideline, published industry guideline,
published paper or report, or use method/example which exist in a
product containers/packaging.
- Especially when any descriptions for use method/example exist in a－10－

product containers/packaging, the scenario to be set shall not be
conflicted with the descriptions, to avoid misunderstanding by general
consumers.
- When any rules are required in other laws/regulations, the scenario tobe set shall not be conflict with the rules. For example, the Food
Sanitation Law requires a food to be heated for a given degree. In thiscase, it should include a scenario for heating of the food.
This scenario should be set by the following requirements.
- For a part available to be reduced CO 2 emissions by efforts ofbusinesses and/or consumers, the scenario shall be developed so as toreflect such efforts.
- For a part not available to be reduced CO 2 emissions by efforts ofbusinesses and/or consumers, a uniformed scenario shall be
developed.
10-5

Other

When there are differences of contents between requirements in No.6
(general requirements applied to all stages) and requirements for eachstage, a section of “exceptions related to XXX” may be created and theexceptions may be described in this No.10-5.

11Requirements for the disposal and recycling stage

11-1

Range of theprocesses

Processes included in the range of data collection (No.5-1) shall be
described based on the criteria of setting a product system. The processes
here shall be corresponded to a life cycle flow chart.

11-2

Data collection items

Data collection items shall be described for each process identified in
No.11-1. In descriptions of such items, activities shall be categorized into
the items to be collected as primary data, the items which may becollected as secondary data, and the items to be collected for scenario.

11-3

Primary datacollection method
and requirements

For primary data collection items identified in No.11-2, rules on its
collection method and conditions shall be described.

11-4

Scenario

Rules on scenario may be described.
Especially for disposal/recycling method of products, multiple cases are
assumed depending on its product characteristics. Therefore,
disposal/recycling scenario shall be set. This scenario shall be set basedon the following requirements.
- It shall be linked to functional unit.
- When various disposal/recycling methods are assumed, standard,
representative, or average scenario shall be set based on objective
evidence.
The concrete examples of such evidence shall be any descriptions
related to the scenarios, such as from published international
standards, published domestic guideline, published industry guideline,
published paper or report, or use method/example which exist in a
product containers/packaging.
- Especially when rules of disposal/recycling method are stipulated bylaws/regulations, the scenario to be set shall not be conflicted with therules.
- When any descriptions for disposal/recycling method exist in a productcontainers/packaging, the scenario to be set shall not be conflicted withthe descriptions, to avoid misunderstanding by general consumers.
－11－This scenario should be set by the following requirements.
- For a part available to be reduced CO2 emissions by efforts ofbusinesses and/or consumers, the scenario shall be developed so as
to reflect such efforts.
- For a part not available to be reduced CO2 emissions by efforts ofbusinesses and/or consumers, a uniformed scenario shall be
developed.
11-5

Other

When there are differences of contents between requirements in No.6
(general requirements applied to all stages) and requirements for eachstage, a section of “exceptions related to XXX” may be created and theexceptions may be described in this No.11-5.

12

CFP declaration method

12-1

Additional information

Additional information shall follow “Requirements for CFP quantificationand declaration”. Within a range which meets the “Requirements for CFP
quantification and declaration,” the rules can be embodied as appropriate.

12-2

Registration
information

Registration information to be published in the CFP website shall follow“Requirements for CFP quantification and declaration”. Within a range
which meets the “Requirements for CFP quantification and declaration,”
the rules can be embodied as appropriate.

12-3

Other

The rules, which are related to CPF declaration method and which are notdescribed in No.12-1 and No.12-2, can be described here. In principle, thecontents described in “Requirements for CFP quantification anddeclaration” shall not be described here again.
[Example of contents to be described]- Comparability conditions when comparing between products－12－Annex A (informative): Example of life cycle flow chart
System Boundary(1) Raw materials
acquisition stage(3) Distribution
stage(2) Production
stage(4) Use andmaintenance stage(5) Disposal/recycling stage

Production ofseeds/seedlings, livingorganisms before breeding
Indirect materials
production

Seeds/seedlings, livingorganisms before breeding
Indirect materials
production

Transport ofseeds/seedlings, livingorganisms before breeding

Indirect materials
Production of fertilizers,
agricultural chemicals

Transport ofindirect materials

Fertilizers,
agricultural chemicals
Transport of fertilizers,
agricultural chemicals

Cultivation, breeding, or
fishing process

Indirect materials
Transport of indirectmaterials
Transport/storage
process
Sales preparation
process
Storage

Production of feed,
compound feed, andfeed crop

Storage/shipping
preparation processFeed, compound
feed, and feed crop

Cooking

Product

Transport of feed,
compound feed, andfeed crop

WastesWaste water

Production of containers/packaging, accessories

Transport

Treatment

Containers/packaging,accessories

Sales process

Treatment

WastesTransport

Transport ofcontainers/packaging
and accessories

Treatment* All processes related to supply and use of energy and water are omitted from this flow chart.
* This flow chart shows an overview of representative life cycle flow chart of perishable foods.
This is created based on product category.

[Legend]Process covered

Item/material covered

Process not covered－13－

Transport ofwastesTreatment

C-06-01
Supplementary provisions
This document shall come to effect as from July 2, 2012.
Date of release: July 2, 2012 (C-06-01)－14－