歴史地震
第38号 (2023) 197‐200頁

䠷ሗ࿌䠹㻌 㻝㻡ୡ⣖䛾Ụ䛾ᓥ䠄┦ᶍ‴໭ᮾᓊ䠅䛾䛂㝯㉳䞉ỿ㝆䛃䛿㻌䝖䞁䝪䝻䠄㝣⧅◁ᕞ䠅䛾ᾘ㛗䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛㻌⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ㻌 ▼ᶫ㻌 ඞᙪ*

15th Century’s “Uplift and Subsidence” of Enoshima Island on the Northeastern Coast ofSagami Bay in Central Japan may have been Increase and Decrease of Tombolo
Katsuhiko ISHIBASHI
Emeritus Professor, Kobe University䜘䜛䠹䠊䠄カㄞ䠖┦ᕞ㻨┦ᶍᅜ㻪Ụ䛾ᓥ䛾๓ᾏᛛ䛱㻨䝍䝏䝬㼲㻝㻚㻌 䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌㔠Ꮚ䠄㻞㻜㻝㻞䠅䛿䠈┦ᶍ‴すᓊ䛾Ᏹబ⨾㑇㊧䠄ఀᮾ䝏䠙䛻䜟䛛䛻㻪㝣䛸ᡂ䜚䠈᫂ᛂᆅ㟈䜎䛯ᾏ䛸䛺䜛䠅㻌ᕷ䠗ᅗ㻝㻔㼍㻕䠅䛾ὠἼሁ✚≀䛻䜒䛸䛵䛝䠈䛄㙊಴኱ 㻨䜸䜸㻪ᩥ᫂༑ඵᖺ䛻䛿䠈䜋䛛䛻୐᭶ᘘභ᪥䛾ኴ⏣㐨℺᪥グ䛅䛜グ䛩᫂ᛂᅄᖺ䠄㻝㻠㻥㻡䠅ඵ᭶༑஬᪥䛾ᆅ㟈䛿䛜ẅ䛥䜜䛯グ஦䛸䠈༑஧᭶ᘘභ᪥䛾ఀໃእᐑᕩ⚃ 㻨┦ᶍ䝖䝷䝣ἢ䛔䛾䝥䝺䞊䝖㛫ᕧ኱ᆅ㟈䛰䛸୺ᙇ䛧䛯䠊䝣䝅䝳䜽䠈⚄䛻௙䛘䜛⪅㻪 䛸ᅜྖ䛾ྜᡓ䛾グ஦䛜䛒䜛䛜䠈䛭䛾㆟ㄽ䛾䛺䛛䛷䠈ྠ᭩䛾ᩥ᫂༑ඵᖺ䠄㻝㻠㻤㻢䠅䛾グྐᩱ䠝䛿୧⪅䛾㛫䛻⨨䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄᪥௜䛺䛧䠅䠊㻌஦䛻䜘䜚䠈┦ᶍ‴໭ᮾᓊ䛾Ụ䛾ᓥ䠄⸨ἑᕷ䠈ᅗ㻝䠅䛜䛣䛾ᩥ᫂༑ඵᖺ䛻䛿䠈๓ᖺ䛻Ụᡞᇛ୺䞉ኴ⏣㐨㻌ྠᖺ䛻㝯㉳䛧䠈᫂ᛂᅄᖺᆅ㟈䛷ỿୗ䛧䛯䛸䛧䛶䠈ྠ㻌(a)ᆅ㟈䛜┦ᶍ䝖䝷䝣ᆅ㟈䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛾ドᣐ䛾୍䛴䛸䛧䛯䠊㻌∦᱒䠄㻞㻜㻝㻡䠅䜒䠈䛄㙊಴኱᪥グ䛅䛾㻝㻡ୡ⣖䛾グ஦䛿䜋䜌ྠ᫬௦ྐᩱ䛸䛧䛶ᢅ䛖䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛸䛔䛖ྐᩱᏛⓗ᳨ウ⤖ᯝ䠷∦᱒䠄㻞㻜㻝㻠䠅䠹䜢㋃䜎䛘䛶䠈ྠᵝ䛾䛣䛸䜢㏙䜉䠈Ụ䛾ᓥ䛾㝯㉳䞉ỿ㝆䜢㆟ㄽ䛧䛯䠊㻌䛧䛛䛧୧⪅䛾୺ᙇ䛿䠈ྐᩱ䛾ゎ㔘䛸⌧㇟䛾ㄆ㆑䛾
Ⅼ䛷ၥ㢟䛜䛒䜛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊䠄䛺䛚ᮏ✏䜢㏻䛨䛶䠈㻨㻪䛾ᑠᏐ䛿䝹䝡䛺䛔䛧ᮏㄽᩥ➹⪅䛾ὀグ䛷䛒䜛䠅㻌(b)㼲㻞㻚㻌 䛄㙊಴኱᪥グ䛅䛾ᩥ᫂༑ඵᖺ䛾Ụ䛾ᓥ䛾グ஦㻌䛄㙊಴኱᪥グ䛅䛿䠈㙊಴ᖥᗓ䛚䜘䜃㙊಴ᗓ䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛯Ṋᐙ䛾⿵௵ᖺ⾲䛚䜘䜃ᖺ௦グ䛷䠈἞ᢎᅄᖺ䠄㻝㻝㻤㻜䠅䛛䜙グ䛩䠊䠍䠐ୡ⣖༙䜀ᡂ❧䛾ᖺ௦グ䜢䜒䛸䛻ẁ㝵ⓗ䛻᭩෗䞉ຍ➹䛥䜜䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䚸⌧ᅾ䛿䛂⏕⏣ᮏ㻨䜲䜽䝍䝪䞁㻪䛃䠄Ọா༑୍ᖺ䛊㻝㻠㻟㻥䛋䜎䛷䠅䞉䛂ᙲ⪃㤋ᮏ㻨䝅䝵䜴䝁䜴䜹䞁䝪䞁㻪 䛃䠄ኳᩥඵᖺ䛊㻝㻡㻟㻥䛋䜎䛷䠅䛺䛹䛾ㅖᮏ䛜䛒䜛䠊ᚋ⪅䛿䠈ᩥடඖᖺ䠄㻝㻡㻜㻝䠅┤ᚋ㡭䛻㙊಴௜㏆䛻䛔䛯⪅䛻䜘䜚㏣➹䞉⦅㞟䛥䜜䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䠈䠍䠑ୡ⣖ᚋ༙䛾グ஦䛿ྠ᫬௦ྐᩱ䛸䛧䛶ಙ㢗䛷䛝䜛䛸䛔䛖䠷௨ୖ䠈∦᱒䠄㻞㻜㻝㻠䠅䠹䠊㻌ᮏ✏䛷ၥ㢟䛻䛩䜛ᩥ᫂༑ඵᖺ䛾グ஦䛿䠈㻌ྐᩱ䠝䠖┦ᕞỤᓥ๓ᾏᛛᡂ㝣䠈᫂ᛂᆅ㟈ཪⅭᾏ㻚㻌䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠷ᙲ⪃㤋ᮏ䜢⩻้䛧䛯➉ෆ䠄㻝㻥㻣㻥䠅䛻ᅗ㻝㻌 㻔㼍㻕㻌 Ụ䛾ᓥ䛾఩⨨䠊Kk㻘㙊಴䠗 㻌 Ow㻘ᑠ⏣ཎ䠗 㻌 Us㻘Ᏹబ⨾䠊㻔㼎㻕㻌 ⌧ᅾ䛾Ụ䛾ᓥ䛾ᆅᅗ䠄ᆅ⌮㝔ᆅᅗ https://maps.gsi.go.jp/ 䛻䜘䜛䠅㻚㻌
Fig. 1. (a) Location map of Enoshima Island. Kk, Kamakura; Ow, Odawara; Us, Usami. (b) GSI map of present
Enoshima Island.

*⚄ᡞᕷᅾఫ㻌 㟁Ꮚ䝯䞊䝹䠖ishi kobe-u.ac.jp- 197 -℺䛻ᣍㄳ䛥䜜䛶⨾⃰䛛䜙ୗྥ䛧䛯⚙ൔ䞉୓㔛㞟஑㻨䝞䞁䝸䝅䝳䜴䜻䝳䜴㻪 䛜䠈༑᭶஧༑භ᪥䛻Ụ䛾ᓥ䛻ཧユ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈ᙼ䛾₎リᩥ㞟䛄ᱵⰼ↓ᑾⶶ 㻨䝞䜲䜹䝮䝆䞁䝌䜴㻪䛅䠷ᕷᮌ䠄㻝㻥㻥㻟䠅䠹䛻䜘䜜䜀 ᚟䛸䜒⯚䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊㻌㔠Ꮚ䠄㻞㻜㻝㻞䠅䛿䠈௨ୖ䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈୓㔛㞟஑䛜⯚䛷Ώ䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䛳䛯Ụ䛾ᓥ䛜ᩥ᫂༑ඵᖺ༑᭶௨㝆䛻ཎᅉ୙᫂䛾኱䛝䛺ᆅẆኚື䛷㝯㉳䛧䛶㝣䛸⧅䛜䜚䠈䛂᫂ᛂᆅ㟈䛃䛷෌䜃ỿୗ䛧䛯䛸ゎ㔘䛧䛯䠊䛭䛧䛶䠈䛄㙊಴኱᪥グ䛅䛿䛂᫂ᛂᆅ㟈䛃䜢ᅄᖺ䛸䜒୐ᖺ䛸䜒グ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛜䠈Ụ䛾ᓥ䛻⃭䛧䛔ᆅẆኚື䜢䜒䛯䜙䛧䛯䛾䛰䛛䜙᫂ᛂ୐ᖺ䠄㻝㻠㻥㻤䠅䛾ᮾᾏᆅ㟈䛷䛿䛺䛔䛰䜝䛖䛸㏙䜉䠈᫂ᛂᅄᖺᆅ㟈䛜┦ᶍ䝖䝷䝣䜢㟈※䛸䛧䛯䛜䜖䛘䛻Ụ䛾ᓥ䛻ᆅẆኚື䜢䜒䛯䜙䛧䛯䛸୺ᙇ䛧䛯䠊㻌∦᱒䠄㻞㻜㻝㻡䠅䛿䠈᫂ᛂᅄᖺ䛾ᆅ㟈䛜┦ᶍ䝖䝷䝣䛷䛾ྐ䝥䝺䞊䝖㛫ᆅ㟈䛰䜝䛖䛸䛔䛖㔠Ꮚㄝ䜢ㄆ䜑䛯䛖䛘䛷䠈ྐᩱ䠝䛜㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䠈Ụ䛾ᓥ䛸㝣䜢⧅䛠㒊ศ䛜ỿ㝆䛩䜛䛛䛹䛖䛛䛜┦ᶍ䝖䝷䝣ᆅ㟈䛾┠Ᏻ䛸䛺䜛䛛ὀ┠䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䛸㏙䜉䛯䠊㻌䛧䛛䛧䠈ᩥ᫂༑ඵᖺ䛾⣙㻢㻜ᖺᚋ䛰䛜䠈ኳᩥ༑ᅄᖺ஧᭶஧༑஑᪥䠄㻝㻡㻠㻡㻚㻠㻚㻝㻜䠅䛻Ụ䛾ᓥ䛻ཧユ䛧䛯㐃ḷᖌ䞉㇂᐀∾㻨䝋䜴䝪䜽㻪䛿䠈䛄ᮾᅜ⣖⾜䛅䛷ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻᭩䛔䛶䛔䜛䠄䛄⩌᭩㢮ᚑ㻌 ➨༑ඵ㍴䛅䠷ሮ䠄㻝㻥㻞㻤䠅䠹䛻䜘䜛䠅䠊㻌ྐᩱ䠞䠖 㻨๓␎㻪Ụᓥ䜒䜋䛹䛺䛧䠊ኳዪ䛩䜏䛯䜎䜅຾ᆅ䠊䛣䛸䛥䜙䛒䛩䛿䜠䛾᪥䛺䜜䜀䠈⤖⦕䛩䜉䛧䛸䛶㥖䛺䜉䛶䛔䛭䛠䛻䠈ሷ䛹䛝䛥䜈䜋䛹䜘䛟䜎䛖䛷䛯䜚䠊㻨୰␎㻪䛸䛛䛟䜔䛩䜙䜅䜋䛹䛻䛧䜋䜏䛱䛟䜜䜀䠈Ώ䛧⯚ᆓ䜘䜚䛔䜂䛴䛡䜙䜜䛶䛚䜚䛯䜚䠊㻨ᚋ␎㻪㻌䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈 䛝䛿₻᫬䛜䜘䛟䛶㝣㊰䛷Ώᓥ䛧䠈ᖐ䜚䛿₻䛜‶䛱䛶䛝䛯䛾䛷Ώ䛧⯚䜢⏝䛔䛯䛸グ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈䛝䜟䜑䛶ὀ┠䛥䜜䜛䠊䛺䛚䠈䛂䛒䛩䛃䛿䛂୕᭶୍᪥䛃䛸ᚋ㏙䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈䛭䜜䛿☜䛛䛻䛂஻䛃䛾᪥䛺䛾䛷䠈Ụ䛾ᓥཧユ䛜๓᪥䛾஧᭶஧༑஑᪥䛰䛳䛯䛸☜ᐃ䛷䛝䜛䠊㻌ᐃ⩏䛧䛶䛔䛶䠈ලయ౛䛾䠍䛴䛻Ụ䛾ᓥ䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ቃᕝ䠄Ἑཱྀ㏆䛟䛿∦℩ᕝ䠅䛺䛹䛜౪⤥䛩䜛◁♟䛜ἢᓊὶ䜔Ἴ䛻䜘䛳䛶䝖䞁䝪䝻䛻䛺䛳䛯䛾䛰䜝䛖䠊㻌ภ㤋ᕷ䛾ภ㤋ᒣ䛾䜘䛖䛻᏶඲䛻㝣⥆䛝䛻䛺䛳䛯㝣⧅ᓥ䜒䛒䜛䛜䠈Ụ䛾ᓥ䛷䛿䠈䝖䞁䝪䝻䛜㛗ᮇⓗ䛻䜒▷ᮇⓗ䛻䜒Ἴ䜔₻ὶ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᾘ㛗䛧䛯䜚䠈₻఩䛺䛹䛾᮲௳䛾䜘䛔䛸䛝䛰䛡䛻ฟ⌧䛧䛶㝣⥆䛝䛻䛺䛳䛯䜚䛩䜛䠊㻌๓⠇䛾୓㔛㞟஑䛸㇂᐀∾䛾Ụ䛾ᓥཧユ᪥䛾ྠᆅ䛾₻఩䜢䠈ᾏୖಖᏳᗇᾏὒ᝟ሗ㒊䛾䛂₻ộ᥎⟬䛃(https://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/KANKYO/TIDE/tide_pred/index.htm)㻌 䛷᥎⟬䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䜢ᅗ㻞䛻♧䛩䠊䛣䛾ᅗ䛛䜙䠈᐀∾䛜 ㊰䛿ᖸ₻᫬䛻䝖䞁䝪䝻䜢㝣⾜䛧䛶ᖐ㊰䛿⯚䜢౑䛳䛯䛣䛸䛸䠈㞟஑䛜 ᚟䛸䜒⯚䛻䜘䜙䛦䜛䜢䛘䛺䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜䠈↓⌮䛺䛟⌮ゎ䛷䛝䜛䠊Ụ䛾ᓥ䛾㝯㉳䞉ỿ㝆䜢䛣䛸䛥䜙⪃䛘䜛ᚲせ䛿䛺䛔䛰䜝䛖䠊㻌ᅗ㻞㻌 ୓㔛㞟஑䛸㇂᐀∾䛜ཧユ䛧䛯᪥䛾Ụ䛾ᓥ䛾₻ộ᭤⥺䠄ᾏୖಖᏳᗇ䛾䛂₻ộ᥎⟬䛃䛻䜘䜛䠅䠊₻఩䛾㻜䛿Ụ䛾ᓥ䛾᭱పỈ㠃䠄䠙ᾏᅗ䛾Ỉ῝ᇶ‽㠃䠅䠊㻌
Fig. 2. Tidal curves at Enoshima Island on the days whenBanri Shukyu and Tani Soboku visited there. JapanCoast Guard’s software on the web has been used.

㼲㻟㻚㻌 ⪃㻌 ᐹ㻌㻟㻚㻝㻌 Ụ䛾ᓥ䛿㝣⧅ᓥ㻌㔠Ꮚ䠄㻞㻜㻝㻞䠅䛚䜘䜃∦᱒䠄㻞㻜㻝㻡䠅䛿䠈ྐྐ ᩱ䠝䛻䛴䛔䛶᭱ึ䛛䜙䠈䛂㝣䛸䛺䜛䠙㝯㉳䛃䠈䛂ᾏ䛸䛺䜛䠙ỿ㝆䛃䛸᩿ᐃ䛧䛯䠊䛭䜜䛜᰿ᮏⓗ䛻ၥ㢟䛷䛒䜝䛖䠊㻌Ụ䛾ᓥ䛿᪂➨୕⣖ᒙ䛛䜙䛺䜛࿘ᅖ⣙㻠㼗㼙䛾ᑠᓥ䛰䛜䠈㛗䛥㻜㻚㻡ࠥ㻝㼗㼙⛬ᗘ䛾◁ᕞ䛷ᑐᓊ䛸⧅䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛㝣⧅ᓥ㻨䝸䜽䜿䜲䝖䜴㻪䛷䛒䜛䠊ᅜᅵᆅ⌮㝔䠄㻞㻜㻝㻢䠅䛾䜴䜵䝤䝃䜲䝖䛂᪥ᮏ䛾඾ᆺᆅᙧ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛃䛾䛂䝖䞁䝪䝻ཬ䜃㝣⧅ᓥ䛃䛷䛿䠈䛂㞳䜜ᓥ䜢ᮏᅵ䛻⧅䛔䛰ᕞ䜢䝖䞁䝪䝻䠄㝣⧅◁ᕞ䠅䛸䛔䛔䠈⧅䛜䜜䛯ᓥ䜢㝣⧅ᓥ䛸䛔䛖䛃䛸ᅗ㻟㻌 ຾ᕝ᫓❶䛂┦ᕞỤஅᓥ䝜㢼ᬒ⭜㉺䝜᪉䝶䝸ぢᅗ䛃䠄㻝㻣㻤㻡ᖺ㡭䠈㟁Ꮚ༤≀㤋䜏䜖䝛䝑䝖䜅䛨䛥䜟ᥦ౪䠈
https://www.fujisawa-miyu.net/enoshima/heritage/c05_01.html㻘㻌 ཎᅗ䛿䜹䝷䞊䠅
Fig. 3. Katsukawa Shunsho’s Ukiyo-e woodblock print“Enoshima Island” of around 1785.

- 198 -㻟㻚㻞㻌 Ụᡞ᫬௦ᚋᮇ䛾ᵝᏊ㻌ኳಖ༑஧ᖺ䠄㻝㻤㻠㻝䠅ᡂ❧䛾䛄᪂⦅┦ᶍᅜ㢼ᅵグ✏䛅䛿䠈ᕳஅⓒභ䛾䛂ᮧ㔛㒊㻌 㙊಴㒆ᕳஅ୕༑ඵ䛃䛾䛂Ụᓥ䛃䛷ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻グ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠷⸼⏣䠄㻝㻥㻣㻡䠅䛻䜘䜛䠹䠊㻌㻌ྐᩱ䠟䠖 㻨๓␎㻪 ∦℩ᮧ䛾༡䛻䛒䜚䠊ᙼᮧⴠ䜘䜚ᓥ
ཱྀ㎾༑୍⏫ᅄ༑㛫チ㻨⣙㻝㻚㻟㼗㼙㻪㏥₻䛾㡭䛿ᚐ⾜䛧䛶฿䜛 䠄䛆ྡᡤ᪉ゅᢒ䛇䛻䜒ộᖸ䛿ᚐṌ䛻䛶㏻䜅䛺䜚ப䚻䛸䛒䜚䠅₻┆䜜䜀⯪䜢⏝䜂䠄䛆ᮾᅧ⣖⾜䛇䛻䜒㮴⁹䛴䜜䜀Ώ䛧⯚ᆓ䜘䜚ゝ௜䜙䜜䛶䛚䜚䛯䜚ப䚻䛸䛒䜚䠅ᡈ䛿⫼㈇䛶΅䜜䜚䠊㻨ᚋ␎㻪㻌 㻌 㻨䠄㻌 䠅ෆ䛾ᑠᏐ䛿๭ὀ㻪㻌䛣䛣䛷䠈䛄ྡᡤ᪉ゅᢒ䛅䛸䛿㐃ḷᖌ䞉᐀♲䠄㻝㻠㻞㻝㻙㻝㻡㻜㻞䠅䛾⦅䛸ఏ䛘䜙䜜䜛ྡᡤḷᯖ㞟䠄㻝㻢㻢㻢ᖺห䠅䠈䛄ᮾᅧ⣖⾜䛅䛿๓ฟ䛾㇂᐀∾䛾⣖⾜ᩥ䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌ᐇ㝿䠈ఀ⬟ᛅᩗ䜙䛜ா࿴ඖᖺ䠄㻝㻤㻜㻝䠅䛻┦ᶍ‴ᓊ
䜢 㔞䛧䛯䛄኱᪥ᮏἢᾏ㍿ᆅ඲ᅗ䛅䠄㻝㻤㻞㻝ᖺ᏶ᡂ䠅䠷ΎỈ䞉௚䠄㻞㻜㻜㻞䠅䠹䛷䛿䠈Ụ䛾ᓥ䛿᏶඲䛺ᓥ䛸䛧䛶ᅗ໬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈ᾋୡ⤮∧⏬䛷䛿㝣⥆䛝䛻ᥥ䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛜ᑡ䛺䛟䛺䛔䠊ᅗ㻟䛾຾ᕝ᫓❶䛾సရ䠄ኳ᫂䜜䛜኱䛧䛡䛒䜚䛶䜘䜚◁ᕞษ䜜㏻䜜䛺䛟䛺䜚䛯䜛ᨾᶫ䜢ᯫ䛫䜚䠈ᜍ䜙䛟䛣䜜Ỉ䛿䛘䜙䛟䛺䜚䛧⤖ᯝ䛺䜙䜣䠊㟈๓䛻䛿☾䛿ỿ䜏䛯䜚䛧䛜௒䛿ཪୖ䜜䜚䛃䠄ཎᩥ䛿∦௬ྡ䠅㻝㻤㻥㻝ᖺ䠄᫂἞㻞㻠䠅䛻䠈ᓥ䛾ᑐᓊ䛾∦℩䛾Ὢ㰯䛛䜙ᓥ䜎䛷ึ䜑䛶ᮌ〇䛾ᱞᶫ䛜ᯫ䛡䜙䜜䛯䛾䛰䛜䠈ୖグ䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈䛭䜜䛿ᯇ䛜⏕䛘䛶䛔䛯䜘䛖䛺❧ὴ䛺◁ᕞ䛜኱᫬໬䛷Ḟᦆ䛧䛯䛯䜑䛰䛸䛔䛖䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻ドゝ䛿䠈㛵ᮾᆅ㟈๓䛾䠄ຍ㏿䛥䜜䛯䠛䠅⤒ᖺⓗᆅẆỿ㝆䜒ᙳ㡪䛧䛯䛣䛸䜢♧၀䛧䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛻ᛮ䛘䜛䠊㻌䛺䛚䠈Ụ䛾ᓥ䛿㛵ᮾᆅ㟈䛷䠍䡉⛬ᗘ㝯㉳䛧䛯䛜䠷౛䛘䜀䠈⏣୰㤋䠄㻝㻥㻞㻢䠅䠹䠈䛭䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶䝖䞁䝪䝻䛜෌ฟ⌧䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖グ㘓䜔ドゝ䛿ぢᙜ䛯䜙䛺䛔䠊㻌ᅗ㻠㻌 䛄ⓚᅜ⦻ᾏᓊᅯ䛅䠷㓇஭䠄㻝㻤㻡㻡䠅䠹䛾Ụ䛾ᓥ䠄ཎᅗ䛿䜹䝷䞊䠅㻚㻌
Fig. 4. Enoshima Island in“Kokoku So-kaigan Zu” of1855. Partial monochromecopy from Sakai (1855).

஬ᖺ䛊㻝㻣㻤㻡䛋㡭䠅 䜔ⴱ㣭໭ᩪ䛾䛂෠ᕌ୕༑භᬒ㻌 ┦ᕞỤ䛾ᔲ䛃䠄ኳಖඖ㻙୕ᖺ䛊㻝㻤㻟㻜㻙㻟㻞䛋㡭䠅䛺䛹䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌㻟㻚㻟㻌 ᫂἞᫬௦ึᮇ䛿㝣⥆䛝䛰䛳䛯䠛㻌ᖥᮎ䛛䜙᫂἞᫬௦ึᮇ䛻䛛䛡䛶䛿䠈Ụ䛾ᓥ䛿䜋䜌㝣⥆䛝䛰䛳䛯䠄䛺䛔䛧䛿䠈㝣⥆䛝䛻䛺䜛᫬㛫䛜㛗䛛䛳䛯䠅ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䠊ᅗ㻠䛿䠈Ỉᡞ⸬ኳᩥ᪉䛾㓇஭႐↫㻨䝶䝅䝠䝻㻪䛜Ᏻᨻ஧ᖺ䠄㻝㻤㻡㻡䠅䛻᏶ᡂ䛥䛫䛯䛄ⓚᅜ⦻ᾏᓊᅯ䛅䠷㓇஭䠄㻝㻤㻡㻡䠅䠹䛾୰䛾Ụ䛾ᓥ䛰䛜䠈㝣⥆䛝䛻ᥥ䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯ᅗ㻡䛿䠈᫂἞ึᮇ䛻ά㌍䛧䛯ὒ⏬ᐙ䞉㧗ᶫ⏤୍㻨䝴䜲䝏㻪 䛜㻝㻤㻣㻢㻙㻣㻣ᖺ䠄᫂἞㻥㻙㻝㻜䠅䛻ไస䛧䛯Ἔᙬ⏬
䛂Ụ䛾ᓥᅗ䛃䛰䛜䠈ᗈ䚻䛸䛧䛯Ᏻᐃឤ䛾䛒䜛◁ᕞ䛜ᓥ䜎䛷⥆䛔䛶䛔䜛䛾䛜᫂░䛷䛒䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈ᅗ㻢䛾஧༑୓ศ୍ᶓ㡲㈡ᅗᖜ䠄᫂἞㻝㻥ᖺ䛊㻝㻤㻤㻢䛋㍴〇〇∧䠅䠷ཨㅛᮏ㒊㝣㌷㒊 㔞ᒁ䠄㻝㻤㻤㻣䠅䠹䛾Ụ䛾ᓥ䛿䠈䝕䝣䜷䝹䝯䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛰䛜䠈᏶඲䛻㝣⥆䛝䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛿䠈䛔䛪䜜䜒䠈ኚ໬䛩䜛◁ᕞ䛾୍ᒁ㠃䜢⾲⌧䛧䛶䛔䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䜒䛒䜛䛜䠈䛣䛾᫬ᮇ䠈ᑡ䛺䛟䛸䜒䝖䞁䝪䝻䛜Ᏻᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛᫬㛫䛜㛗䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䜢♧၀䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䛻㛵㐃䛧䛶⏣୰㤋䠄㻝㻥㻞㻢䠅䛾⯆࿡῝䛔ሗ࿌䛜䛒䜛䠊ᙼ䛿䠈㻝㻥㻞㻟ᖺ㛵ᮾᆅ㟈䛾㼏㼛㼟㼑㼕㼟㼙㼕㼏䛚䜘䜃㼜㼞㼑㻙㼟㼑㼕㼟㼙㼕㼏䛾ᆅẆୖୗኚື䜢⪃✲䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈㻝㻥㻞㻟ᖺ㻝㻞᭶ࠥ㻝㻥㻞㻠ᖺ㻠᭶䛻⣙㻟㐌㛫䛾⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䛜䠈Ụ䝜ᓥ䞉∦℩㝃㏆䛾ఫẸ䛾ḟ䛾ドゝ䜢グ㘓䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛂Ụ䛾ᓥᶫ䛿㻟㻜ᖺ๓䛻䛿ᶫ䛺䛟◁ᕞ䜢㏻⾜䛫䜚䛝䠈⪋䛧䛶∦℩䛸䛾㛫䛾◁ᕞ䛻䛿ᯇ䛿⏕䛨ᒃ䛯䜚䠈䛭ᅗ㻡㻌 㧗ᶫ⏤୍䛂Ụ䛾ᓥᅗ䛃䠄㒊ศ䠅䠄㻝㻤㻣㻢㻙㻣㻣䠈⚄ዉᕝ┴❧㏆௦⨾⾡㤋ⶶ䠈http://www.moma.pref.kanagawa.jp/w
ebmuseum/detail?cls=attkn&pkey=701,ཎᅗ䛿䜹䝷䞊䠅㻚
Fig. 5. Detail of “Enoshima” by Yuichi Takahashi.
Collection of the Museum of Modern Art, Kamakura &Hayama.

- 199 -ᅗ㻢㻌 ஧༑୓ศ୍㻌 ᶓ
㡲 ㈡ 䠄 㻝㻤㻤㻢 ᖺ 〇∧䠅䠷ཨㅛᮏ㒊㝣㌷ 㒊㔞 ᒁ䠄㻝㻤㻤㻣䠅䠹䛾Ụ䛾ᓥ㻚㻌
Fig. 6. Enoshima Is.
in the 1:200,000
map of Yokosuka
made in 1886.

㻟㻚㻠㻌 䛄࿃ጔ㙾䛅䛜グ䛩Ụ䛾ᓥ䛾㝣⧅໬㻌Ἔᙬ⏬䜢ᑠㄽ䛻ᥖ㍕䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢䛤チྍ䛟䛰䛥䛳䛯⸨ἑỤ䛾ᓥ䛜☜䛛䛺ྐᩱ䛻⌧䜜䜛䛾䛿䠈㙊಴ᖥᗓ䛜⦅ᕷ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦㒊㒓ᅵṔྐㄢ䞉ྠ⸨⃝ᾋୡ⤮㤋䛸䠈⚄ዉ⧩䛧䛯⦅ᖺྐ䛄࿃ጔ㙾䛅䠄㻝㻝㻤㻜㻙㻝㻞㻢㻢ᖺ䜢ླྀ㏙䠈㻝㻠ୡᕝ┴❧㏆௦⨾⾡㤋䛻ឤㅰ䛔䛯䛧䜎䛩䠊⣖ึ䜑㡭ᡂ❧䠅䛛䜙䛷䛒䜛䠷౛䛘䜀䠈ఀ⸨䠄㻞㻜㻝㻥䠅䠹䠊ึฟ䛿㣴࿴஧ᖺ䠄㻝㻝㻤㻞㻘஬᭶䛻ᑑỌ䛸ᨵඖ䠅䛾ᅄ᭶஬ᩥ㻌 ⊩㻌᪥᮲䛷䠈ᩥぬୖே䛜※㢗ᮅ䛾ᚚ㢪䜢♳䜛䛯䜑䛻኱ᘚᡯኳ䜢Ụ䛾ᓥ䛻່ㄳ䛧䛶౪㣴ἲ䜢ጞ⾜䛧䛯䛸グ䛩䠊㻌⸼⏣ఀே䠄⦅㞟ᰯゞ䠅䠈㻝㻥㻣㻡䠈኱᪥ᮏᆅㄅ኱⣔㻔㻞㻟㻕㻌ᘓಖᅄᖺ䠄㻝㻞㻝㻢䠅ṇ᭶༑஬᪥᮲䛻䛿䠈䛂Ụᔱ᫂㷊᪂⦅┦ᶍᅜ㢼ᅵグ✏㻌 ➨஬ᕳ䠈㞝ᒣ㛶䠈㻠㻠㻣㻌㼜㼜㻚㻌䛾クᐉ䛜䛒䛳䛶኱㷴䛜ᛛ䛱㐨㊰䛻ኚ䜟䛳䛯䠊ཧユ䛻ሮಖᕫ୍䠄⦅䠅䠈㻝㻥㻞㻤䠈⩌᭩㢮ᚘ㻌 ➨༑ඵ㍴䠈⧰⩌᭩⯚䜢౑䛖↹䛔䛜䛺䛟䠈㙊಴䜢䛿䛨䜑ᅜ୰䛾ൔ಑ୖୗ㢮ᚘ᏶ᡂ᭳䠈㻤㻠㻢㻌 㼜㼜㻚䠄ゞṇ㻟∧㻣ๅ䠈㻝㻥㻥㻞䠈ඵᮌ䛜⩌䜢䛺䛧䛯䛃䛸䛔䛖㊃᪨䛾グ஦䛜䛒䜛䠷౛䛘䜀䠈㯭ᯈ᭩ᗑ䠅㻌䠄㻞㻜㻜㻜䠅䠹䠊䛣䜜䛻䛴䛔䛶ఀ⸨䠄㻞㻜㻝㻠䠅䛿䠈๓ᖺ⩌ⓎᆅᕷᮌṊ㞝䠈㻝㻥㻥㻟䠈ᱵⰼ↓ᑾⶶὀ㔘㻌 ➨୍ᕳ䠈⥆⩌᭩㟈䛜䛒䛳䛯䛸䛧䛶䠈ᘬ䛝⥆䛔䛯ᆅ㟈䛺䛹䛻䜘䜛ᾏᗏ䛾㢮ᚑ᏶ᡂ఍䠈㻣㻜㻜㻌㼜㼜㻚㻌㝯㉳⌧㇟䛜᪂䛯䛺ಙ௮䜢࿧䜃㉳䛣䛧䛯஦౛䛸㏙䜉䛶ఀ⸨୍⨾䠈㻞㻜㻝㻠䠈➨㻝❶㻌 ୰ୡ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅ㟈䛸䛭䛾䛔䜛䠊∦᱒䠄㻞㻜㻝㻡䠅䜒䠈䛣䜜䜢Ụ䛾ᓥ䛾㝯㉳䛸⪃䛘䠈䛭ᵝ ┦ 䠈 䠄 ⥆ 䠅 ⸨ ἑ ᕷ ྐ ⦅ 䛥䜣ጤ ဨ ఍ 䠄 ⦅ 䠅 䛂 㛵䜜䛿ᕧ኱ᆅ㟈䛷䛺䛟䛶䜒㉳䛝䛶䛔䛯䛸䛧䛯䠊㻌ᮾ኱㟈⅏䛸䜅䛨䛥䜟䠈⸨ἑᕷྐ䝤䝑䜽䝺䝑䝖㻡䛃䠈䛔䛳䜍䛖ఀ⸨䠄㻞㻜㻝㻥䠅䛿䠈䛣䛾グ஦䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈Ụᔱ⸨ἑᕷᩥ᭩㤋䠈㻠㻙㻝㻡㻚㻌᫂㷊ഃ䛜◁ᕞᙧᡂ䛸䛔䛖⮬↛⌧㇟䜢䛂クᐉ䛃䛸఩⨨䛵ఀ⸨୍ ⨾䠈㻞㻜㻝㻥䠈Ụ䛾ᓥ 䠈⚄䛾ᓥ 䛛䜙ே䛾ᓥ䜈䠈䛡䛶䠈♫⚄䛾䠬䠮䜢ᅗ䛳䛯䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䛸᭩䛔䛶䛔䜛䠊⸨ἑᕷྐ䝤䝑䜽䝺䝑䝖㻝㻜䠈⸨ἑᕷᩥ᭩㤋䠈㻝㻜㻤㻌䛭䛧䛶ᙜヱ᪥䛜䠈ᘚᡯኳ䛾⦕᪥䛷䛒䜛䛂ᕭ 㻨䝭㻪 䛃䛾᪥㼜㼜㻚䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛻ὀ┠䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛱䛺䜏䛻䠈ᩥぬୖே䛾኱㔠Ꮚᾈஅ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻞䠈Ᏹబ⨾㑇㊧᳨ฟ䛾ὠἼሁ✚≀䛸᫂ᘚᡯኳ່ㄳ౪㣴䛾ጞ⾜᪥䜒䛂ᕭ䛃䛾᪥䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊㻌ᛂᅄᖺᆅ㟈䞉ὠἼ䛾෌ホ౯䠈ఀᮾ䛾௒䞉᫇䇷ఀ⤖ᒁ䠈䛄࿃ጔ㙾䛅䛜ᚋ᪥䛾⦅⧩≀䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜒⪃䛘ᮾᕷྐ◊✲䠈㻝㻜ྕ䠈㻝㻜㻞㻙㻝㻞㻠㻚㻌䜜䜀䠈Ụ䛾ᓥ䛜ᛴ䛻㝯㉳䛧䛯䜟䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䛶䠈Ẽ㇟䞉∦᱒᫛ᙪ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻠䠈᫂ᛂᅄᖺ䛾ᆅ㟈䛸䛄㙊಴኱᪥グ䛅䠈᪂₲ྐᏛ䠈㻣㻞ྕ䠈㻝㻙㻝㻢㻚㻌ᾏἣ䛻䜘䜛◁ᕞ䛾ᡂ㛗䛜㢧ᅾ໬䛧䠈䛭䛾ヰ䛜ᘓಖᅄᖺṇ᭶༑஬᪥᮲䛻จ⦰䛥䜜䛯䛸䜏䜛䛾䛜ጇᙜ䛰䜝䛖䠊㻌 ∦᱒᫛ᙪ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻡䠈䛄㙊಴኱᪥グ䛅䛻䜏䜛㻝㻡ୡ⣖䛾㛵ᮾᆅ㟈䛸Ụ䛾ᓥ䛾㝯㉳䞉ỿ㝆䠈⅏ᐖ䞉᚟⯆䛸㈨ᩱ䠈㻢ྕ䠈㻝㻙㻢㻚㻌㼲㻠㻚㻌 ⤖㻌 ㄽ㻌ᅜᅵᆅ⌮㝔䠈㻞㻜㻝㻢䠈᪥ᮏ䛾඾ᆺᆅᙧ䛻䛴䛔䛶㻌 㻡㻚㻌 ᾏỤ䛾ᓥ䛿㝣⧅ᓥ䛷䛒䜛䠊䝖䞁䝪䝻䠄㝣⧅◁ᕞ䠅䛾ᾘ䛾స⏝䛻䜘䜛ᆅᙧ㻌 㻡㻙㻝㻥㻦䝖䞁䝪䝻ཬ䜃㝣⧅ᓥ䠈㛗䜔₻఩䛻䜘䛳䛶㝣⥆䛝䛻䛺䛳䛯䜚ᾏ䛻㝸䛶䜙䜜䛯䜚https://www.gsi.go.jp/kikaku/tenkei_umi.html# 䝖䛩䜛ᵝᏊ䛜䠈㻝㻡㻠㻡ᖺ䜔Ụᡞᚋᮇࠥ᫂἞ึᮇ䛻䛴䛔䞁䝪䝻ཬ䜃㝣⧅ᓥ㻚㻌䛶᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊᐀♲⦅䛸䛥䜜䜛䛄ྡᡤ᪉ゅᢒ䛅䛾㯭ᯈ຾⨾䠄⦅㍴䠅䠈㻞㻜㻜㻜䠈࿃ጔ㙾㻌 ๓⠍䠈᪂ゞቑ⿵ᅧヲ⣽䛜୙᫂䛰䛜䠈㻝㻡ୡ⣖ᮎ䜒ྠᵝ䛰䛳䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒ྐ኱⣔䚾᪂⿦∧䚿➨㻟㻞ᕳ䠈ྜྷᕝᘯᩥ㤋䠈㻤㻝㻞㻌㼜㼜㻚㻌䜛䠊䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䛄㙊಴኱᪥グ䛅䛾ྐྐ ᩱ䠝䜒䠈䛸䛟䛻ᖺ௦㓇஭႐↫䠈㻝㻤㻡㻡䠈ⓚᅧ⦻ᾏᓊᅯ㻌 ➨୍Ṋ⸝⅂䠄᚟้䠈グ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜒⪃៖䛩䜜䜀䠈ᆅẆ㝯㉳䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䝖䞁䝪ⓚᅧ⦻ᾏᓊᅯ䠈➨୍ᕳ䠈㻝㻥㻤㻣䠈᫛࿴♩ᩥ♫䠅㻌䝻䛾㢧ᅾ໬䜢㄂ᙇ䛧䛶䠄䛂ᛛ䛱䛃䠅グ䛧䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜㧗䛔䠊ཨㅛᮏ㒊㝣㌷㒊 㔞ᒁ䠈㻝㻤㻤㻣䠈஧༑୓ศ୍㻌 ᶓ㡲㈡᫂ᛂᆅ㟈䛷䜎䛯ᾏ䛻䛺䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖䛾䜒䠈䠄䛣䛾ᆅ㟈䛜䠄᚟้䠈ᖥᮎ䞉᫂἞㻌 ᪥ᮏᅜໃᆅᅗ㻌 ึ∧䛂㍴〇ᐇᅾ䛧䛯ሙྜ䠅ᆅẆỿ㝆䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ᆅ㟈ື䞉ὠἼ䛷䝖㻞㻜୓ศ㻝ᅗ䛃㞟ᡂ䠈㻝㻥㻤㻟䠈᯽᭩ᡣ䠅㻌䞁䝪䝻䛜ὶື䛧ᾐ㣗䛥䜜䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛄࿃ΎỈ㟹ኵ䞉㛗ᒸṇ฼䞉Ώ㎶୍㑻䞉Ṋᥭᇽ䠄⦅ⴭ䠅䠈ጔ㙾䛅䛾グ஦䜒ྠᵝ䛰䜝䛖䠊䛺䛚䠈Ụ䛾ᓥ䛿┦ᶍ䝖䝷㻞㻜㻜㻞䠈ఀ⬟ᅗ䠈Ṋᥭᇽ䠈㻞㻠㻜㻌㼜㼜㻚㻌䝣䞉䝥䝺䞊䝖㛫ᆅ㟈䛷㝯㉳䛩䜛ഃ䛰䛛䜙䠄1923䞉1703
ᖺ䜒㝯㉳䠅䠈ỿ㝆䛿䝥䝺䞊䝖㛫ᆅ㟈䛾ドᣐ䛻䛺䜙䛺䛔䠊㻌 ➉ෆ⌮୕䠄⦅䠅䠈㻝㻥㻣㻥䠈㙊಴኱᪥グ䠈䛂ቑ⿵㻌 ⧰ྐᩱ኱ᡂ㻌 ูᕳ䛃䠈⮫ᕝ᭩ᗑ䠈㻝㻤㻣㻙㻞㻢㻜㻚㻌⏣୰㤋⚽୕䠈㻝㻥㻞㻢䠈㜝ᮾ኱ᆅ㟈䛸ᾏᓊ䛾᪼㝆㐠ືㅰ㻌 ㎡㻌䠄඼ᅄ䠅䠈ᆅᏛ㞧ㄅ䠈㻟㻟㻤䠈㻟㻣㻠㻙㻟㻥㻜㻚Ụ䛾ᓥ䜢ᥥ䛔䛯຾ᕝ᫓❶䛾ᾋୡ⤮䛸㧗ᶫ⏤୍䛾

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