歴史地震
第38号 (2023) 1‐14頁
受付日 2021/12/17, 受理日 2022/7/7

1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛᪥ᮏ䜈䛾ὠἼ฿㐩䛻㛵䛩䜛┿ഇ䛾᳨ドẼ㇟◊✲ᡤ ᆅ㟈ὠἼ◊✲㒊* ᯘ ㇏Verification of Information Regarding a Tsunami to Japan Causedby the 1780 Urup Island Earthquake
Yutaka HAYASHI
Department of Seismology and Tsunami Research, Meteorological Research Institute,
1-1, Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0052 Japan
Most widely used domestic and international historical tsunami catalogs and databases claim that the 1780 Urup
earthquake caused a tsunami on the east coast of Hokkaido. The logbook of the Russian ship St. Natalia, which
experienced the earthquake and tsunami on the east coast of Urup Island on June 29, 1780, is the most reliable
source of information on this event. This is because the logbook of St. Natalia is the only source that represents areal-time documenting of the earthquake and tsunami. However, the logbook does not contain information on thearrival and traces of the tsunami on Etorofu Island or to islands to the southwest. In addition, no mention of thistsunami was found in the chronicles and genealogies of the Matsumae Domain, which officially declared theterritory, including Urup Island and Hokkaido as of 1780. On the other hand, some tsunami catalogs, published after
1950s, state that the tsunami negatively impacted the east coast of Hokkaido Island; these are following the Omori's
perception the tsunami in Urup built a momentum of starting trade between Russian and earlier residents in
Hokkaido Island under the isolationist policy. Apart from the accuracy of Omori's historical perception, theexplanation can easily be misunderstood as the target area having been directly impacted by the tsunami, rather thanindirectly. The tsunami catalog by Iida, published in 1984 and frequently referred to in subsequent tsunami catalogs
and databases, is the primary English-written source that is impacted by this misunderstanding. Some of the catalogs
that are widely used today do not cite the original historical material; however, they have been directly influenced
by Iida's misunderstanding and may use baseless data. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the widely
published information regarding the tsunami caused by the 1780 Urup earthquake is incorrect. The only reliable
source about the 1780 Urup earthquake and tsunami is from a logbook of St. Natalia, which is based on direct
observation; therefore, the false information that has been cataloged should be corrected using information in thelogbook.
Keywords: Kuril Islands, east coast of Hokkaido Island, voyage logbook of the St. Natalia, historical tele-tsunami,false tsunami.
䜒ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䜛䠊
ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛻ᗈ䛟฼⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛௦⾲ⓗ䛺ὠἼ䝕䞊䝍䝧 䞊 䝇 䛸 䛧 䛶 䠈 ⡿ ᅜ ኱ Ẽ ᾏ ὒ ᗇ 䠄 NOAA 䠅䛾”NGDC/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database”
䠄௨ୗ䠈GHTD䠅[National Centers for Environmental
Information 䠄௨ୗ䠈NCEI䠅(2017)]䛸䠈䝻䝅䜰⛉Ꮫ䜰䜹䝕䝭䞊䝅䝧䝸䜰ᨭ㒊䛻䜘䜛”Historical tsunami databasefor the Pacific”䠄௨ୗ䠈HTDP䠅[Novosibirsk Tsunami
Laboratory䠄௨ୗ䠈NTL)(2005䠅]䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛷䜒䠈ྂ䛔᫬௦䛾ὠἼ䝕䞊䝍䛷䛿䠈␲㼲㻝㻚 䛿䛨䜑䛻
Ṕྐᆅ㟈䛾䜹䝍䝻䜾䝕䞊䝍䛿䠈ྂ䛔グ㘓䛿ಙ㢗ᗘ䛾ᢸಖ䛜㞴䛧䛔ሙྜ䛜ከ䛟䠈ៅ㔜䛻฼⏝䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊ྐᩱ䛭䛾䜒䛾䜔⦅㞟᫬䛾㛫㐪䛔䛷䠈Ṕྐᆅ㟈䛾᪥᫬䛾ㄗ䜚䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛ሙྜ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䜒ᣦ᦬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[ຍ⣡(2017)]䠊㐣ཤ䛾ᆅ㟈䞉ὠἼグ㘓䛾᭷↓䛿䠈㛗ᮇⓗ䛺ᆅ㟈䞉ὠἼ䛾Ⓨ⏕㢖ᗘ䛾᥎ᐃ[౛䛘䜀䠈Nakamura(1986)]䜔Ⓨ⏕ྍ⬟ᛶ䛾ホ౯[౛䛘䜀䠈ᆅ㟈ㄪᰝጤဨ఍(2001)]䛾䛯䜑䛻㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䠊グ㘓䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯⠊ᅖ䛾ṇ☜䛥䛿䠈ᆅ㟈䞉ὠἼ䛾つᶍ䛾᥎ᐃ䛻*䛈305-0052 Ⲉᇛ┴䛴䛟䜀ᕷ㛗ᓠ 1-1㟁Ꮚ䝯䞊䝹: yhayashi mri-jma.go.jp-1-⾲ 1 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䠊୺䛺᪤ ᩥ⊩䛻䜘䜛್䛸ᮏ◊✲䛻䛚䛡䜛᳨ウ⤖ᯝ䠊Table 1. Heights of tsunamis caused by the 1780 Urup earthquake. The values are based on published literatureand results of this study.
(a) SF61*1 (b) ID84*2 (c) HTDP*3 (d) GHTD*4 (e) ᮏ◊✲ᓥ␒ྕ㻔ᅗ 1㻕࡜ሙᡤIsland number (Fig. 1) and location
This study
2-10m
10m
10m
2-10m
15: ࢣࢺ࢖ᓥ (Ketoy Island)
ࠐ
2-10m
10m
10m
2-10m
16: ࢩ࣒ࢩࣝᓥ (Simushir Island)
ࠐ
2-10m
10m
10m
2-10m
17: ࢳ࣏ࣜ࢖ᓥ (Chirpoy Island)ࠐ
10-12m
12m
12m
10-12mEast 11-13m
18: ࢘ࣝࢵࣉᓥ (Urup Island)South 2m<
North
1m
1m
19: ᢥᤊᓥ (Iturup Island)
1m
1m
໭ ᾏ 㐨 ᮾ ᓊ (East coast of Hokkaido ࠐMain Island)䚽 ὠἼ䛒䜚㧗䛥୙᫂ (tsunami of unknown height)- ὠἼࡢグ㘓࡞ࡋ (no recorded tsunami)*1 Soloviev and Ferchev (1961)*2 “Preliminary catalog of tsunamis occurring in the Pacific Ocean” [Iida et al. (1984)]*3 “Historical tsunami database for the Pacific, 47 B.C. to present.” [Novosibirsk Tsunami Laboratory (2005)]*4 “NGDC/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database” [National Centers for Environmental Information (2017)]
GHTD 䛷ὠἼ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䛸䛭䛾໭ᮾഃ䛾୕ᓥ䠈໭ᾏ㐨ᮾᓊ䛾䜋䛛䛻䠈ᢥᤊᓥ䜒㏣ຍ䛧䛶䠈ྛᆅ䛾ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䜒♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄⾲ 1䠅䠊HTDP 䛾ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䛾᰿ᣐ䛿 ID84 䛷䛒䜛䠊
2.2 ᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈䞉ὠἼ䜹䝍䝻䜾䛄᪥ᮏ⿕ᐖᆅ㟈⥲ぴ 599-2012䛅[Ᏹబ⨾䞉௚(2013)]
䛿䠈⡿ᅜ䛸䝻䝅䜰䛾ὠἼ䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䠄2.1 ⠇䠅䛸䛿␗
䛺䜚䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛾Ⓨ⏕᪥䜢 1780 ᖺ 5 ᭶
30 ᪥䠄ᏳỌ஑ᖺᅄ᭶஧༑ඵ᪥䠅䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊᪥ᮏ䛷⿕ᐖ䛜䛒䛳䛯ᆅ㟈䛾䝸䝇䝖䛻ᥖ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䜋䛛䠈᪥ᮏ䛻ᙳ㡪䛜ཬ䜣䛰㐲ᆅὠἼ䛾䝸䝇䝖䛻䜒ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛄᪥ᮏ⿕ᐖὠἼ⥲ぴ䛅➨ 2 ∧[Ώ㎶(1998)]䛿䠈䛂እᅜ䛾ἢᓊ䛷Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯ὠἼ䛾䛖䛱䠈᪥ᮏ䛚䜘䜃䛭䛾࿘㎶䛾ἢᓊ䛻ᙳ㡪䜢୚䛘䛯ὠἼ䛃䛾❶䛻 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ὠἼ䛾㡯┠䜢タ䛡䛶䛚䜚䠈䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ
䛷㧗䛥 10䡚12m 䛾ὠἼ䛷⿕ᐖ䛜䛒䛳䛯䜋䛛䠈䛂໭ᾏ㐨ᮾᓊ䜈く᮶䛧䛯䛃䛸グ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
2.3 GHTD 䛸 HTDP 䛜᰿ᣐ䛻⏝䛔䛯䜹䝍䝻䜾
GHTD 䛿䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ௨ᮾ䛻ὠἼ䛜䛒䜛䛸䛧䛯᰿ᣐ䛻 SF61 䜢⏝䛔䛯䠄2.1 ⠇䠅䠊SF61 䛷䛿䠈ὠἼⓎ⏕ᙜ᫬䛻䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䛾ᮾᓊ䛻೵Ἡ୰䛻ὠἼ䛻㐼㐝䛧䛶⿕ᐖ䛻䛒䛳䛯䝻䝅䜰⯪⪷䝘䝍䝸䜰ྕ䛾⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䠄௨ୗ䠈⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䠅䛻グ䛥䜜䛯 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛸ὠἼ䛻㛵ಀ䛩䜛グ㏙䛾ヱᙜ㒊ศ䜢䠈㌿グ䛧䛶䛔䜛(࿴ヂ䛿-3-⾲ 2)䠊๓㟈䜔ὠἼᚋ䛾⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䛾⟠ᡤ䜒㌿グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊SF61 䛿䠈⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䛾グ㏙ෆᐜ䜢᰿ᣐ䛻䛧䛶䠈ྛᆅ䛾ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䜢ゎ㔘䛧䠈䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䛷䛿 10䡚
12m䠈䛭䛾໭ᮾഃ䛾୕ᓥ䠄䝏䝸䝫䜲䠈䝅䝮䝅䝹䠈䜿䝖䜲ྛᓥ䠅䛿 2䡚10m 䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄⾲ 1䠅䠊
୍᪉䠈GHTD 䛜 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛷໭ᾏ㐨ᮾᓊ䛻ὠἼ䛜䛒䜛䛸䛧䛯᰿ᣐ䛷䠈HTDP 䛻䜘䜛ྛᆅ䛾ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䛾᰿ᣐ䛷䜒䛒䜛 ID84 䛿䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ὠἼ䛾ྛᆅ䛾㧗䛥䜢グ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄⾲ 1䠅䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈ྛὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䜔䠈໭ᾏ㐨ᮾᓊ䜈ὠἼ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛸䛩䜛ุ᩿䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ID84 䛿᰿ᣐ䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊§3. ᪥ᮏ䛸䝻䝅䜰䛾ྐᩱ䛻䛚䛡䜛 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈ὠἼ䛾グ㏙
3.1 䝻䝅䜰䛾୍ḟྐᩱ
SF61 䛜 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈ὠἼ䛾᰿ᣐ䛸䛧䛯⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䛿䠈ὠἼⓎ⏕ᙜ᫬䛻䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᮾᓊ䛻೵Ἡ୰䛻ὠἼ䛻㐼㐝䛧䛶⿕ᐖ䛻䛒䛳䛯⪷䝘䝍䝸䜰ྕ䛾ᙜ஦⪅䛜グ䛧䠈䝻䝅䜰䛾ྂᩥ᭩㤋䛾⟶⌮ୗ䛻䛒䜛ᩥ᭩䠄⾲ 2䠅䛷䛒䜚䠈グ䛥䜜䛯ὠἼ䛾᝟ሗ䛾ಙ㢗ᗘ䛿㠀ᖖ
䛻㧗䛔䠊SF61 䛜䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ὠἼ䛻䛴䛔䛶グ䛧䛯⟠ᡤ䠄࿴ヂ䛿⾲ 2䠅䛾୍㒊䛿䠈⡿ᅜ䛾ὠἼ䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇 GHTD 䛻ⱥヂ䛜཰㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
GHTD䠈HTDP䠈䛚䜘䜃 ID84 䛻཰㘓䛥䜜䛯໭ᾏ㐨ᮏᓥ䛛䜙ᢥᤊᓥ䛻䛒䛳䛯䛸䛩䜛ὠἼ䛿䠈SF61 䛻䜘䜜⾲ 2 ⪷ࢼࢱࣜ࢔ྕࡢ⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 1780 ᖺ࢘ࣝࢵࣉᓥᆅ㟈࡜ࡑࡢὠἼ࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙㸬Soloviev andFerchev (1961)࡟㌿㍕ࡉࢀࡓ⟠ᡤࡢ࿴ヂ㸬
Table 2. Description of the 1780 Urup earthquake and tsunami based on logbook of the St. Natalia. This is aJapanese translation of the part reprinted in Soloviev and Ferchev (1961).
ὠἼ࡜ᆅ㟈࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࢔ࣥࢳࣆࣥࡣ⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ࡟ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟グ㍕ࡋࡓ㸦ᅜ❧୰ኸྂᩥ᭩㤋ࠊ㐃㑥ᅜᐙබᩥ᭩ࠊ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ VIIࠊNo.2539ࠊ282-283 㡫㸧ࠊከᑡࡢ⦅㞟ୖኚ᭦࡜␎ㄒ࡛⾲グ㸧㸸
䛂1780 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 8 ᪥䠄ヂὀ䠖䝻䝅䜰ᬺ䚸௨ୗྠᵝ䠅䚸䜴䝹䝑䝥䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛 18 ␒┠䛾ᓥ(ヂὀ䠖䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ)䛷䚸
኱ᆅ䛜᫨ኪ䜢ၥ䜟䛪ẖ᪥ᦂ䜜ື䛔䛯䚹௚䛾᪥䛻䛿 7 ᅇ䛛䜙 8 ᅇ䛾኱䛝䛺䜒䛾䛜䛒䜚䚸䛥䜙䛻ู䛾᪥䛻䛿ᆅ㠃䛜⤯䛘䛪ᦂ䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹䛭䛧䛶䛭䛾᫬௨᮶䚸䛩䜉䛶䛾ே䚻䛿ᜍ䜜䜢ᢪ䛝䚸᫓䛻䛿ᙼ䜙䛿䜸䝩䞊䝒䜽䜈䛾⯟ᾏ䛾䛯䜑䛸ྠᵝ䚸ṧ䜛ே䚻䛾㣗⣊䜢☜ಖ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻㣗⣊ಖᏑ䛻ດ䜑䛯䚹6 ᭶䛾୍᪥䛛䜙䚸⯪䛿䝁䞊䜻䞁䜾䛷ಟ⌮䛥䜜䚸ᕝ䛛䜙䚸Ἑཱྀ䛻఩⨨䛧䛶䛔䛯‴䛻ᘬ䛔䛶䛣䜙䜜䛯䚹6 ᭶ 18 ᪥䠄ヂὀ䠖䜾䝺䝂䝸䜸ᬺ䛾 6
᭶ 29 ᪥䠅䛾ᮍ᫂䚸䜋䜌ኪ᫂䛡㡭䛻䚸15 ศ䜋䛹⥆䛟䜂䛹䛔኱ᆅ㟈䛜䛒䜚䚸㉳䛣䛥䜜䛯䛩䜉䛶䛾ே䚻䛜Ṍ䛔䛶ฟ䛶䛝䛯䛜䚸୍㒊䛾ே䚻䛿䝟䜸ෆ䛻␃䜎䛳䛯䚹䛭䛧䛶ᾏ䛾᪉䜢ぢ䜛䛸䚸㐲䛟䛷✄ጔ䛾䜘䛖䛺ග䛜㍤䛔䛶䛔䛯䚹ᦂ䜜䛛䜙䛧䜀䜙䛟ᚋ䚸✺ዴ኱䛝䛺㞾䛜㬆䜚㡪䛔䛯䚹ᾏ䛿㏻ᖖ䛷䛿䛺䛔ᛴ㏿䛺ῶỈ䛜⏕䛨䛯䚹ᾏᓊ㏆䛟䛾ᒾ䛜஝䛔䛶䛧䜎䛖䜋䛹䛰䛳䛯䚹䛭䛧䛶䚸ྠᵝ䛾㡢䛷䚸䜎䛪ᛴ䛻ᾏ䛛䜙䛾Ỉ䛜ᇛቨ䛾䜘䛖䛻ୖ᪼䛧䚸᩿ᓴ䜢㝖䛝䚸ᾏᓊ඲య䜢そ䛔䚸䜎䛯䛩䛠䛻ྠ䛨㡢䛸ඹ䛻ᾏ䛻ᡠ䛳䛯䚹䛥䜙䛻᭱ึ䛾⿕ᐖ䜢㉸䛘䜛䜒䛾䛜⏕䛨䛯䚹ே䚻䛿䜹䝲䝑䜽䛻㣕䜃஌䛳䛯䜚䚸䝟䜸䛻㥑䛡㎸䜣䛰䜚䚸ู䛾ே䚻䛿⯪䛻஌䜚㎸䜣䛰䚹䛭䛧䛶䚸Ỉ䛿䛩䛠䛻ᾏ䛛䜙ᢲ䛧ᐤ䛫䚸ᑠ䛥䛺ᾏ㣗ᰕ䛾ୖ 5ࠥ6 䝃䞊䝆䜵䞁䠄ヂὀ䠖1 䝃䞊䝆䜵䞁=2.133m䠅䜎䛷ୖ᪼䛧䚸‴䛷䛿᩿ᓴ䛻ᐤ䛫䜛Ἴ䛸ྠ䛨䜋䛹ᙉ䛟䛶኱䛝䛺⾪ᧁ䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹ᡃ䚻䛾䝟䜸䛸ᑠᒇ䛿䚸ᅵ䛸ඹ䛻඲䛶䛾ᰕ䛜ᘬ䛝ᢤ䛛䜜䚸ᕝἢ䛔䛾῱㇂䜎䛷ὶ䛥䜜䛯䚹඲䛶䛾ఫே䛸஌⤌ဨ䛜῱㇂䜈㐠䜀䜜䛯䚹ᪧἙཱྀ䛻䛒䛳䛯ᒾ䜒䜂䛳
䛟䜚㏉䛥䜜䚸ὶ䛥䜜䛯䚹᩿ᓴ䛻ᤣ䛘䜙䜜䛯㗪㕲〇䛾኱◙䛿䚸50 䝃䞊䝆䜵䞁㞳䜜䛯ሙᡤ䛷Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛯䚹䛭䛧䛶ᾏ䛾㏆䛟䛾῱㇂䜒ᒣ䚻䜒ᾐỈ䛧䛯䚹䝤䝸䜺䞁䝔䜱䞁⯪䛾䛂⪷䝘䝍䝸䜰䛃ྕ䛿㘌䛸ඹ䛻῱㇂䜎䛷䝒䞁䝗䝷ἢ䛔䛻ᕝ䜢㐠䜀䜜䚸ᕝ⦕䛾஝⇱䛧䛯ሙᡤ䛻஌䜚ୖ䛢䛯䚹ᾏ䛛䜙⯪䜎䛷䛿 190 䝃䞊䝆䜵䞁䛾㊥㞳䛷䛒䜛䚹⯪䛛䜙ᶓ䛻䛒䜛ᓙ㇂䛾పᆅ䜎䛷䛿 100 䝃䞊䝆䜵䞁䜋䛹䛒䛳䛯䚹Ỉ䛜ᘬ䛔䛯ᚋ䚸4 ே䛾సᴗဨ䛾㑇య䜢Ⓨぢ䛧䛯䚹䛭䛾᪥䛾ᬌ䜎䛷Ỉ䛿䛯䛳䛯 1 ᫬㛫㊊䜙䛪䛾㛫㝸䛷‶䛱ᘬ䛝䜢⧞䜚㏉䛧䛯䚹ே䚻䛿ὶ䛥䜜䛯඲䛶䛾Ⲵ≀䜢㞟䜑䚸஝䛛䛧䛯䚹䛭䛧䛶䛭䛾ᩘ᪥ᚋ䚸䜹䝲䝑䜽䛷௰㛫䛾ඖ䜢ゼ䛽䛯䚹ᡃ䚻䛿ᓥ䛾ᮾഃ䛸༡ഃ䛜ὥỈ䛻䜘䛳䛶ỿ䜣䛰䛣䛸䜢▱䛳䛯䚹䛒䜛ሙᡤ䛷䛿᭱኱ 8 ே䛾䜽䝸䝹ே䛜⁒Ṛ䛧䛯䛸ヰ䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹ᓥ䛾໭ഃ䛷䛿ὥỈ䛿䛺䛟䚸Ỉ䛾ୖ᪼䜒䜎䛳䛯䛟䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛭䛾ᚋ䚸19 ␒┠䛸 20 ␒┠䛾ᓥ(ヂὀ䠖ᢥᤊᓥ䛸ᅜᚋᓥ)䛷Ỉ䛜ୖ᪼䛧䛯䛛䛹䛖䛛䛿䚸ᡃ䚻䛻䛿▱䜙䛥䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹6 ᭶ 28 ᪥䛛䜙䝅䝱䝞䝸䞁䛿ே䚻䛾᝟ሗ䜢ఏ䛘䜛䜘䛖䛻 1 㞘䛾䜹䝲䝑䜽䜢䜹䝮䝏䝱䝑䜹䛻㏦䜚䚸䛭䛾䜹䝲䝑䜽䛷⚾䛿 7 ᭶ 1 ᪥䛛䜙 18 ␒┠䛾ᓥ䛛䜙ㄪᰝ䜢䛧䛯䚹䛭䛧䛶䚸ὥỈᚋ䛛䜙ฟⓎ๓䜎䛷䛾ẖ᪥㢖⦾䛻ᆅ㟈䛜䛒䛳䛯䚹17 ␒┠䚸16 ␒┠䚸15 ␒┠䛾ᓥ(ヂὀ䠖䝏䝸䝫䜲ᓥ䚸䝅䝮䝅䝹ᓥ䚸䜿䝖䜲ᓥ)䛻ᡃ䚻䛜⁫ᅾ䛧䛯᫬䛻䜒㢖⦾䛻ᆅ㟈䛜䛒䛳䛯䚹18 ␒┠䛾ᓥ䛷ᾏỈ㠃䛾ୖ᪼䛜䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸䛭䜜䜙䛾ᓥ䚻䛷䛿䛭䜜䜋䛹኱䛝䛺䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹14 ␒┠䛾ᓥ䛸䜹䝮䝏䝱䝑䜹䛻㏆䛔௚䛾ᓥ䛷䛿䚸䛩䛷䛻㢖⦾䛺ᆅ㟈䛿䛺䛟䚸Ỉ఩ୖ᪼䜒䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛃䜀䠈⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䛷䛿䛂ᡃ䚻䛻䛿▱䜙䛥䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䛃䛸䛧䛶䠈↓᝟ሗ䛷䛒䜛䠄⾲ 2䠅䠊㏫䛻䠈䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䛷䛾ὠἼ䛻䛴
䛔䛶䠈GHTD 䜔 HTDP, ID84 䛾䛔䛪䜜䛻䜒ᮍ཰㘓䛰䛜䠈⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䛻䛿䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䛾໭㒊䞉༡㒊䞉ᮾ㒊䛻ศ䛡䛯䜘䜚ヲ⣽䛺グ㏙䛜䛒䜛䠊䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䛾໭㒊䛷䛿ὠἼ䛷ᾐỈ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛣䛸䛺䛹䛜ᆅ㟈ᚋ䛾⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䛷☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䛾໭ᮾഃ䛾୕ᓥ䠄䝏䝸䝫䜲䠈䝅䝮䝅䝹䠈䜿䝖䜲䛾ྛᓥ䠅䛷䛿䠈䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䜋䛹䛷䛿䛺䛔䛜䠈ὠἼ䛾ᾐỈ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䜒⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䛷☜ㄆ䛧䛯䛣䛸䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄⾲ 2䠅䠊
SF61 䛿䠈⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䛾グ㏙䜢ゎ㔘䛧䛶ྛᆅ䛾ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䜢ศᯒ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄⾲ 1䠅䠊

-4-

3.2 ᯇ๓⸬䛾ྐᩱ
1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻㛵䛩䜛᪥ᮏᅜෆ䛾グ㘓䜢᥈䛩䛯䜑䠈ᙜ᫬䠈໭ᾏ㐨ᮏᓥ䛸䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䜢ྵ䜐༓ᓥิᓥ䜢⼎ዀᆅ䛸䛧䛶䠈⸬㡿䛰䛸ᐉゝ䛧䛶䛔䛯ᯇ๓⸬䛾ྐᩱ䜢ㄪᰝ䛧䛯䠊ᑐ㇟䛿䠈䛂⥔᪂๓໭ᾏ㐨ኚ⅏ᖺ⾲䛃[Ἑ㔝(1931)]䛜ཧ↷䛧䛶䛔䜛ྐᩱ䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈Ἑ㔝ᖖྜྷ䛜໭ᾏ㐨䛾⅏ᐖྐ䛾◊✲䛾䛯䜑䛻཰㞟䛧䛯୺せྐᩱ䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ᖺ௦グ 5 Ⅼ䠄⾲ 3 No.1-5䠅䛸
⣔㆕ 3 Ⅼ䠄⾲ 3 No.6-8䠅䛸䛧䛯䠊ㄪᰝ䛧䛯⠊ᅖ䛷䛿䠈ᙜヱᖺ䠄1780 ᖺ䠅䛻⑁⒔䠄ኳ↛①䛾䛣䛸䠅䛾ὶ⾜䛷ከ䛟䛾ዀே䛜Ṛஸ䛧䛯䛣䛸䜢グ䛩ᩥ⊩䛿䛒䜛䛜䠈䛣䛾ᖺ䛻ᆅ㟈䜔ὠἼ䛻㛵ಀ䛩䜛グ㏙䛿඲䛟ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛔䠄⾲ 3䠅䠊
1780 ᖺᙜ᫬䛾⼎ዀᆅ䛷䛿䠈㐨༡䛻࿴ே䠈䛭䜜௨እ䛾ᆅᇦ䛻䜰䜲䝚Ẹ᪘䛺䛹䛾ዀே䛜ఫ䜏ศ䛡䛶䛔䛯䠊䛣䛾䛯䜑䠈ᯇ๓⸬䛾ྐᩱ䛷䜒䠈࿴ே䛜ᒃఫ䛩䜛㐨༡௨እ䛷䛾ฟ᮶஦䛿グ㘓䛥䜜䛻䛟䛔䛿䛪䛰䛜䠈ዀே䛜ᒃఫ䛩䜛▼⊁ᆅ᪉䜢୰ᚰ䛻 647 ே䛾Ṛ⪅䜢ฟ䛧䛯ኳ
↛①䛾ὶ⾜[໭ᾏ㐨ᗇ⦅(1918a)]䛻ゝཬ䛧䛯ྐᩱ䛿Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ㄪᰝᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛯ᯇ๓⸬䛾ྐᩱ䠄⾲ 3䠅䛻䛿䠈ᑡ䛺䛟䛸䜒ᙜ᫬䛾࿴ேᒃఫᆅእ䛷䛾⅏ᐖ␗ኚ䛾୍㒊䛜グ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛜ྵ䜎䜜䜛

⾲ 3. ᩥ⊩ㄪᰝࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᯇ๓⸬ࡢᖺ௦グ࣭⣔㆕࡟ࡣ 1780 ᖺ࢘ࣝࢵࣉᓥᆅ㟈㛵㐃ࡢグ஦ࡣ࡞ࡋ㸬
Table 3. No article pertaining to the 1780 Urup Earthquake was found in the chronicles and genealogies of the
Matsumae Domain, which was the subject of this literature survey.
No.
ྐᩱྡ
⟠ᡤ
グ㍕ෆᐜ
*1
1 ࠗᯇ๓ᖺṔᤩᚄ࠘ࠕᆅࠖᗒᏊᏳỌ஑⼎ዀ࡛ࡢ⑁⒔࡞࡝ࡢグ㏙
2 ࠗ⚟ᒣ⛎ᗓ࠘*2ࠕᖺᬺ㒊ࠖᏳỌ஑ᖺᗒᏊ⼎ዀ࡛ࡢ⑁⒔ࢆグ㏙ࡋࡓ㡯┠࡞࡝
*33 ࠗ⚟ᒣᪧ஦グ࠘ࠕᆅࠖ༑୕௦㐨ᘅබ ᏳỌࠕྠභᖺ୐ᖺඵᖺ஑ᖺ↓グ஦ࠖ
4 ࠗᯇ๓ᖺࠎグ࠘*4
࡞ࡋ*5
࡞ࡋ*5
5 ࠗ⚟ᒣᪧグ࠘*1㐨ᘅ ᏳỌ஑ᖺ
࡞ࡋ
6 ࠗᯇ๓Ặ␎ᐙ㆕࠘*1 ༑୕ୡ ᏳỌ஑ᖺ⼎ዀ࡛ࡢ⑁⒔ࢆグ㏙ࡋࡓグ஦࡞࡝࠶ࡾ
7 ࠗᯇ๓ᐙグ࠘*4༑୕ୡ㐨ᘅ ᏳỌ஑ᖺᗒᏊ⼎ዀ࡛ࡢ⑁⒔࡞࡝ࡢグ㏙*1
8 ࠗᯇ๓ᐙ⣔ᅗ࠘༑୕ୡ㐨ᘅ ᏳỌ஑ᖺ⼎ዀ࡛ࡢ⑁⒔ࢆグ㏙ࡋࡓ㡯┠࡞࡝
*1 ࠕ໭᪉㈨ᩱࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࠖ[໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ㝃ᒓᅗ᭩㤋]ࢆཧ↷*2 ㉺ᓮ(1960)࡟ࡼࡿㅞ෗∧ࢆᅜ❧ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋࡛」෗
*3 ࠕ໭᪉㈨ᩱࢹࢪࢱࣝࣛ࢖ࣈ࣮ࣛࣜࠖ[໭ᾏ㐨❧ᅗ᭩㤋]ࢆཧ↷*4 ࠗᯇ๓⏫ྐ࠘[ᯇ๓⏫ྐ⦅㞟ᐊ㸦⦅㸧(1974)] ࢆᅜ❧ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋࡛」෗
*5 ᏳỌ஑ᖺࡣᙜヱྐᩱࡢグ㘓ᑐ㇟ᮇ㛫እ
⾲ 4 18 ୡ⣖ᮎ࠿ࡽ 19 ୡ⣖ึࡵࡢ᪥ᮏࡢྐᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 1780 ᖺ࢘ࣝࢵࣉᓥᆅ㟈࡜ࡑࡢὠἼ࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙㸬
Table 4. Descriptions of the 1780 Urup earthquake and tsunami, as per Japanese historical records dating back to
the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
(a) 䛄⼎ዀⲡ⣬䛅䠄᭱ୖᚨෆⴭ, 1790 ᖺ㸧㸬⟠ᡤ(ᕳ࣭❶)㸸㝃㘓 ࢘ࣝࢵࣉᓥࡢ஦
グ㏙ෆᐜ㸸ኳ᫂୤༗ᖺ*1 ௨๓༑ࢣᖺ࡟ࠊ㉥ேΏᾏࡏࡋ࡜ࡁࠊ኱ὠᾉ࠶ࡾࠊ඼⠇ࠊ኱Ἴ࡟࠿ࡢ኱⯪ᡴࡕ○࠿ࢀࠊᒣࡢ㇂㛫࡟࠿ࡃࢀࡓࡾࠋ㉥ே࡝ࡶᘬฟࡉࢇ࡜ࡍࢀ࡝ࡶࠊ඼⾡࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢࡲ࢏኱⯪ࡣᒣ࡟ᤞ࠾ࡁࡓࡾ࡜࠸࡬ࡾࠋண᫝ࢆษゃࡋࡓࡾࠋ(b) ࠗఇ᫂ගグ࠘㸦⩚ኴṇ㣴ⴭ㸪1807 ᖺ㸧⟠ᡤ㸦ᕳ࣭❶㸧㸸ᕳஅ୍ ⼎ዀᆅ᝷ㄽஅ஦
グ㏙ෆᐜ㸸(୰␎) ⩣Ꮚᖺ*2ࠊᙼ*3 ࡶࡢඹࡢ஌⯪࢘ࣝࢵࣉᓥ࣡ࢽࢼ࢘࡜࠸࠺ᡤ࡬⧅⨨ࡋ࡟ࠊᾏᾉ࡟࡚ᒣᡭ
࡬ᡴୖࡆࠊ࠾ࢁࡍ஦⬟ࡎࠋ (୰␎*4) ᐶᨻ୐༲ᖺ*5 ࣤࣟࢩࣖேࢣࣞࢺࣉࢭࠊࢯࢩࣜࠊࢥࣥࢿࢽࢳ
ࢆึࡵ࡜ࡋࠊᩝ༑ே኱⯪࡟஌⤌ࠊ࢘ࣝࢵࣉᓥ࣡ࢽࢼ࢘࡬Ώ᮶ࡋࠊ඼ෆ௳ࡢ஧ྡࢆጞእ⏨ዪྜ࡚୕༑஧ேୖ㝣ࡋࠊ஌⯪ࡣ┤࡟Ṭࡢேᩝ࡜ඹ࡟ṗᕹࡉࡏࠊᙼ୕༑ᅄேࡢࡶࡢࡣ඼ᓥࡢෆࢺ࢘࣎࡜
࠸࠺⹦࡟ᐙᒃࢆࡲ࠺ࡅࠊỌఫࡢᡭ␜ࢆ࡞ࡋࠊࣛࢵࢥ඼እࡢ⁺ᴗࢆᑓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᆅ᪉⼎ዀᆅ࢔ࢵࢣ
ࢩ࡜࠸࠺ᡤࡢ㛗ዀ࢖ࢺࢥࣣ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆึࡵ඼እᡤࠎࡢ㛗ዀඹ࡜࠸ࡦྜࡏࠊ஺᫆ࢆึࡵࠊ஫ࡢ
ࡍࡁࡣࡦ࡜ࡋ࡚ᖺ᭶ࢆ㏦ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ṗᅧࡢࡅࡋࡁࡣぢ࠼ࡊࡾࡅࡾࠋ
ὀ㸸*1 ᆅ㟈࠿ࡽ 6 ᖺᚋࡢኳ᫂භᖺ
*2 ᏳỌ஑ᖺᗒᏊࢆᣦࡍ
*3 ࣟࢩ࢔ேࢣࣞࢺࣉࢭ࣓ࢸࣜࣖ࢘ࢥ࣊ࢶࢆᣦࡍ
*4 ୰␎ࡋࡓ⟠ᡤ࡟ࡣ㸪ࣟࢩ࢔ேࡀ⯪ࡢᅇ཰ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪஧ᗘ࡟ࢃࡓࡾ࢘ࣝࢵࣉᓥ࡟Ώ᮶ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ
ヲ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬*5 ᆅ㟈࠿ࡽ 15 ᖺᚋࡢᐶᨻ୐ᖺ

-5-䛳䛯䠊䛄኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䛅ᕳஅඵ[㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳䠄⦅䠅(1904)]䛻䛿⦅⧩ᙜ᫬䛾᪥ᮏᅜෆ䛻ᙜ䛯䜛ᆅᇦ䛷㉳䛝䛯 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻㛵䛩䜛ྐᩱ䛿཰㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䜎䛯䠈䛭䜜䛻ඛ❧䛳䛶Ⓨ⾜䛥䜜䛯䛂᪥ᮏ䝙᪊䜿䝹ὠᾉ䝙ᑵ䜻䝔䛃 [኱ ᳃(1901)]䛻䜒䠈
1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈ὠἼ䛾㡯┠䛿䛺䛔䠊䛄ቑゞ኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䛅[㟈⅏㇧㜵ホ㆟᭳䠄⦅䠅(1943)]䛷䛿䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻㛵䛧䛶䠈䛂ᮏ㑥኱ᆅ㟈ᴫ⾲䛃[኱᳃(1919)]䠈䛂໭ᾏ㐨䛾ὠᾉ䛻ᑵ䛶䛃[ Ἑ 㔝 (1913)] 䠈 䛄 ໭ ᾏ 㐨 ྐ 䛅 㝃 㘓 [ ໭ ᾏ 㐨 ᗇ(⦅)(1918b)]䛾୕ྐᩱ䛾ヱᙜ⟠ᡤ䛜཰㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄⾲ 5䠅䠊䛔䛪䜜䛻䜒䠈ᢥᤊᓥ௨す䜔໭ᾏ㐨ᮏᓥ䛻ὠἼ䛜฿㐩䛧䛯䛣䛸䜢♧䛩グ㏙䛿䛺䛔䠊䛂ᮏ㑥኱ᆅ㟈ᴫ⾲䛃[኱᳃(1919)]䛾ෆᐜ䠄⾲ 5a䠅䛿䠈䛄ఇ᫂ගグ䛅䛾ෆᐜ䠄⾲ 4b䠅䛸㢮ఝ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈ᆅ㟈䛾Ⓨ⏕᭶䠄すᬺ䛷 5 ᭶䠅䠈䝻䝅䜰ே䛜⌧ఫẸ䛸஺᫆䜢䛧䛯ཌᓊ௨እ䛾ሙᡤ䠄᰿ᐊ䞉ᅜᚋ䞉ᢥᤊ䠅䛜㏣ຍ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊㏣ຍ᝟ሗ䛾᰿ᣐ䛿୙᫂䛰䛜䠈䛭䜜௨እ䛾㒊ศ䛿ᴫ䛽୍⮴䛩䜛䛾䛷䠈䛄ఇ᫂ගグ䛅䛛䜙┤᥋䜎䛯䛿㛫᥋䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛂໭ᾏ㐨䛾ὠἼ䛻ᑵ䛶䛃[Ἑ㔝(1913)]䠄⾲ 5b䠅䛸䛄໭ᾏ㐨ྐ䛅㝃㘓[໭ᾏ㐨ᗇ(⦅)(1918b)](⾲ 5c)䛷䛾グ㏙䛜䜋䜌ྠ୍䛰䛜䠈䛣䜜䛿䠈Ἑ㔝ᖖྜྷ䛜໭ᾏ㐨ྐ䛾⦅⧩䛻䜒ཧ⏬䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛸㛵ಀ䛜䛒䜛䛰䜝䛖䠊䛺䛚䠈䛂໭ᾏ㐨䛾ὠἼ䛻ᑵ䛶䛃[Ἑ㔝(1913)]䛿䠈䛂᪥ᮏ䝙᪊䜿䝹ὠᾉ䝙ᑵ䜻䝔䛃[኱᳃(1901)]䛻ᙜ᫬䛾⾜ᨻ༊䛸䛧䛶䛾໭ᾏ㐨䠄䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䛜ྵ䜎䜜䜛䠅䛷䛾ὠἼ䛾᝟ሗ䛜Ḟⴠ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢ᢈุ䞉ᣦ᦬䛧䛯ㄽᩥ䛷䛒䜛䠊ᢏ⾡ሗ࿌䛷䛿䠈䛂እᆅᆅ㟈ὠἼᖺ⾲䛃[‫‮‬ᮧ(1961)]䛻
1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛾㡯┠䛜䛒䜚䠈䛭䛾グ஦䛾ḍ䛻䛂໭ᾏ㐨ᮾᓊ䜈䜒Ἴཬ䛧䛯䛃䛸䛒䜛䠄⾲ 6b䠅䠊ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩䝸䝇䝖䛻䛂ᮏ㑥኱ᆅ㟈ᴫ⾲䛃[኱᳃(1919)]䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ὠἼ䜢ዎᶵ䛻䝻䝅䜰ே䛜஺᫆䜢ጞ䜑䛯䛸䛔䛖⤒῭ⓗᙳ㡪䛜䛒䛳䛯䛸䛩䜛኱᳃ᡣྜྷ䛾Ṕྐゎ㔘䜢グ䛩
ពᅗ䛷グ㏙䛥䜜䛯䜙䛧䛔䛸䠈ㄞ䜏ྲྀ䜜䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈ྫྷ࿡䛫䛪䛻⾲䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢౑䛖ே䛻䛿䠈໭ᾏ㐨ᮾᓊ䛻ὠἼ䛜฿㐩䛧䛯䛣䛸䜢♧䛩䝕䞊䝍䛰䛸䛔䛖ㄗゎ䜢୚䛘䜔䛩䛟䠈䛣䜜䜒䠈䛄ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䛾Ềೃ䛅[௝ྎ⟶༊Ẽ㇟ྎ
(1951)]䠄⾲ 6a䠅䛸ྠᵝ䛻䠈⣮䜙䜟䛧䛔グ㏙䛷䛒䜛䠊Ẽ㇟ᗇ䛿䠈1960 ᖺ䝏䝸ᆅ㟈ὠἼ䛻㛵䛩䜛ሗ࿌᭩䛾ⱥㄒ ∧ [Japan Meteorological Agency ( ௨ ୗ 䠈 JMA)
(1963)]䛾Ⓨ⾜䛾㝿䠈‫‮‬ᮧ(1961)䛾⾲䛾ヱᙜ⟠ᡤ䜢
“Tsunami attacked also the eastern part of Hokkaido.”䛸ㄗヂ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄⾲ 6c䠅䠊䛄᪥ᮏ⿕ᐖᆅ㟈⥲ぴ䛅䛻䛿䠈䛔䛪䜜䛾∧[Ᏹబ⨾(1975)䠈Ᏹబ⨾(1996)䠈Ᏹబ⨾䞉௚(2013)]䛷䜒䠈1780
ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䜢䠈᪥ᮏ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⿕ᐖᆅ㟈䛸䛧䛶䝸䝇䝖䛻ྵ䜑䛶䛔䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈⌧ᅾ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾㡿ᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅ㟈⿕ᐖ䜢♧䛩ᩥ⊩ྐᩱ䛿▱䜙䜜䛶䛚䜙䛪䠈䜎䛯䠈䛣䛾⥲ぴ䛾ึ∧Ⓨ⾜᫬Ⅼ䛾᪥ᮏ䛜䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䜢ྵ䜎䛺䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈䛭䜒䛭䜒䠈䛣䛾ᆅ㟈䜢᪥ᮏ䛾⿕ᐖᆅ㟈䛾⾲䛻᥇㘓䛧䛯⌮⏤䜔ᚲせᛶ䛜୙᫂䛷䛒䜛䠊
䠥D84 䛷䛿䠈ⱥᩥ䛻䜘䜛᪥ᮏ䛸࿘㎶䛾ὠἼ䛾䜹䝍䝻
䜾䛻 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛾㡯┠䜢タ䛡䛶䛔䜛䠊ὠἼ䛜໭ᾏ㐨ᮾᓊ䛻く᮶䛧䛯(“Tsunami hit the east
coast of Hokkaido.”)䛸᫂☜䛻グ䛧䠈䛛䛴䠈ಙ㢗ᗘ䜒㛫㐪䛔䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖᭱㧗䛾䝷䞁䜽(Definite Tsunami)䛾䜒䛾
䜢௜୚䛧䛯䠄⾲ 6d䠅䠊ID84 ௨㝆䛻Ⓨ⾜䛥䜜䠈⌧ᅾᗈ䛟฼⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛᪂䛧䛔䜹䝍䝻䜾䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿 2 ❶䛻㏙䜉䛯㏻䜚䛷䛒䜛䠊§4. 1950 ᖺ௦௨㝆䛻ὠἼ䛸᪥ᮏ䛾㛵ಀ䜢♧䛧䛯ᩥ⊩1950 ᖺ௦௨㝆䛾ห⾜≀䛾୰䛻䛿䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈໭ᾏ㐨ᮏᓥ䛺䛹䛾௒䛾᪥ᮏ䛻ὠἼ䛜฿㐩䛧䛯䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿䠈ఱ䜙䛛䛾ᙳ㡪䛜䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䜢グ䛧䛯ᩥ⊩䛜䛒䜛䠊䛄ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䛾Ềೃ䛅[௝ྎ⟶༊Ẽ㇟ྎ(1951)]䛾䛂ὠᾉ䛃䛾❶䛻䛂➨୍⾲䛃䛸䛔䛖↓㢟䛾Ṕྐᆅ㟈ὠἼ䛾䝸䝇䝖䛜䛒䜚䠈᫂䜙䛛䛻ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䛷䛾ὠἼ䛸䛿㛵ಀ䛺䛔ᆅ㟈ὠἼ䜢ྵ䜣䛷䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾୰䛻 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ὠἼ䜒グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄⾲ 6a䠅䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈ᮏᩥ୰䛻䛂ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䛻く᮶䛒䜛䛔䛿వἼ䛜く᮶䛧䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ὠἼ䜢ᢳฟ䛧䛯⾲䛃䛸䛔䛖ㄗ䛳䛯ㄝ᫂䛜䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈ྫྷ࿡䛫䛪䛻⾲䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢౑䛘䜀䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈ὠἼ䛷ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䛻䜎䛷ὠἼ䛜฿㐩䛧䛯䛸ㄗゎ㔘䛩䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜚䠈⣮䜙䜟䛧䛔グ㏙䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊
䜎䛯䠈1960 ᖺ䝏䝸ᆅ㟈ὠἼᚋ䛻ห⾜䛥䜜䛯Ẽ㇟ᗇ

㼲5. ㆟ㄽ
5.1 ᪥ᮏ䛸䝻䝅䜰䛾ྐᩱ䛾ಙ㢗ᗘ䝻䝅䜰䛻䛿䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䛻䛚䛔䛶ὠἼ䛻㐼㐝䛧䛯ᙜ஦⪅䛻䜘䜛⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䠄3.1 ⠇䠈⾲ 2䠅䛸䛔䛖䠈ᴟ䜑䛶ಙ㢗ᗘ䛜㧗䛔୍ḟྐᩱ䛜Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛䠊
᪥ᮏ䛾ྐᩱ䛛䜙䛿䠈ᆅ㟈䜔ὠἼᙜ᫬䛻グ㘓䛥䜜䛯ᩥ⊩ྐᩱ䛾Ꮡᅾ䜢ᯇ๓⸬㛵ಀ䛾ྐᩱ⩌䛛䜙䛿☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛺䛔䠄3.2 ⠇䠈⾲ 3䠅䠊୍᪉䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛛䜙 6 ᖺᚋ䛾༓ᓥ᥈᳨䛷䛾ぢ⪺䜢グ䛧䛯䛄⼎ዀⲡ⣬䛅(⾲ 4a)䛸䠈ᆅ㟈䛛䜙 19 ᖺᚋ䛾ᖥᗓ䛜⼎ዀᆅ䛾┤-7-

㎄⤫἞䛻ྥ䛡䛯‽ഛ䛺䛹䛷཰㞟䛧䛯᝟ሗ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛄ఇ᫂ගグ䛅䠄⾲ 4b䠅䛜䛒䜛䠄3.3 ⠇䠅䠊䛄⼎ዀⲡ⣬䛅䛻䛚䛡䜛䠈ὠἼ䛷ෆ㝣䛻ᡴ䛱ୖ䛢䜙䜜䛯䛸䛥䜜䜛⯪䛾ᐇ≀䛾Ⓨぢሗ࿌䛿䠈⤖ᯝⓗ䛻䠈䝻䝅䜰䛾⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䛾グ㘓䛜⯪㛗䛾๰స䛺䛹䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ṇ䛧䛔グ㏙䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛾⿬௜䛡䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛛䜙㏆䛔᫬ᮇ䛻ᡂ❧䛧䛯᪥ᮏ䛾ྐᩱ䛻୍ᐃ䛾౯್䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯ᆅ㟈䞉ὠ

⾲ 6 1950 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ⊩࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ໭ᾏ㐨ᮏᓥ࡜ὠἼࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄗゎࢆᣍࡁࡑ࠺࡞グ㏙࡜ㄗゎࡋࡓグ㏙㸬グ㏙(c)࡜(d)ࡣ㸪࠾ࡑࡽࡃ(a)ࡸ(b)ࢆㄗゎࡋࡓࡶࡢ㸬
Table 6. Misleading (a-b) and mistranslated English (c-d) descriptions of the relationship between the island of
Hokkaido and the tsunami, found in Japanese literature since 1950s. Descriptions (c) and (d) aremisinterpreted probably because of (a) or (b).
(a) ࠗᮾ໭ᆅ᪉ࡢỀೃ䛅 [௝ྎ⟶༊Ẽ㇟ྎ㸦⦅㸧(1951)]⟠ᡤ㸦❶㸧㸸ὠᾉ ࡢ❶࡟࠶ࡿ ➨୍⾲グ㏙ෆᐜ㸸1780 4 ᭶ᚓ᧙ᓥᆅ㟈࠸ὠᾉ࠶ࡾṚ⪅ࢆ⏕ࡎ⟠ᡤ㸦❶㸧㸸ὠᾉ ࡢ❶࡟࠶ࡿ ⾲ࡢㄝ᫂グ㏙ෆᐜ㸸ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉࡟く᮶࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣవἼࡀく᮶ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿὠἼࢆᢳฟࡋࡓ⾲(b) ࠕ㐣ཤࡢ㐲ᆅᆅ㟈࡟ࡼࡿὠἼࡢ⾲ࠖ[‫‮‬ᮧ(1961)] 㸦᫛࿴ 35 ᖺࢳࣜᆅ㟈ὠἼㄪᰝሗ࿌ Ẽ㇟ᗇᢏ⾡ሗ࿌[Ẽ㇟ᗇ⦅(1961)]࡟཰㘓㸧⟠ᡤ㸸➨ 7 ❶ 7.1 ⾲ እᆅᆅ㟈ὠἼᖺ⾲㸦⎔ኴᖹὒࡢ࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ㏆ᾏᆅ㟈ࢆ㝖ࡃ㸧 ␒ྕ 20
グ㏙ෆᐜ㸸㟈ኸ࠾ࡼࡧ⅏ᐖᆅ㸸࢘ࣝࢵࣉᓥ M㸸7.0 ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὠἼࡢ㝵⣭㸸1グ஦㸸኱ὠἼࢆక࠸, ࢘ࣝࢵࣉᓥᮾᓊ࣡ࢽࣀࣦ࡟೵Ἡ୰ࡢ㟢⯪ࢼࢢࣜ࢔ྕࡣᒣୖ࡟ᡴࡕୖࡆࡽࢀ
ỈṚ 4 ேࢆฟࡋࡓࠋ໭ᾏ㐨ᮾᓊ࡬ࡶἼཬࡋࡓࠋ
(c) ”Tables of Tsunamis Caused by Earthquakes in the Pacific Region except Near Japan” [Japan Meteorological
Agency (1963)]: The report of the tsunami of the Chilean Earthquake, 1960, Tech. Rep. JMA, no.26, 5058.
⟠ᡤ㸸Chapter 6 Table6.3 Table of tsunami caused by earthquakes in the Pacific region except near Japan
No.20
グ㏙ෆᐜ㸸
Epicenter or damaged region㸸Urup Is. M㸸7.0 Intensity of tsunami in Japan㸸1Remarks㸸 Earthquake was accompanied by big tsunami. Russian ship anchoring at eastern part of Urup
Is. was carried up to the mountain and 4 persons were reported to drowned. Tsunami attacked also theeastern part of Hokkaido.
(d) ”Catalog of tsunamis in Japan and its neighboring countries” [Iida(1984)]⟠ᡤ䠖"1. Tsunamis occurred or reported in and near Japan" No.114
グ㏙ෆᐜ䠖Date (JST): 1780.6.29 An'ei 9.5.28
Earthquake: Epicenter 151.2㼻E 45.3㼻N Urup Is. M 7.5
Tsunami:m 3*1 Rating 4*2
Remarks:
Russian ship thrown up island. 12 deaths. 10-12m high at Urup. Tsunami hit the East coast of
Hokkaido.
⟠ᡤ䠖"3. Tsunamis occurred in the Pacific Ocean and affected Japan and its vicinity" No.5
グ㏙ෆᐜ䠖Date (JST): 1780.6.29 An'ei 9.5.28
Earthquake: Epicenter 151.2㼻E 45.3㼻N SE. off Urup Is. M 7.5
Tsunami:m 3*1 Rating 4*2
Remarks:
Russian ship thrown up island. 10-12m high at Urup. 12 deaths. Tsunami hit E. Hokkaido.
ὀ䠖 *1 Imamura-Iida scale. m=3: 10m tsunami height, heavy damage along coast for about 400km.
*2 Probability rating. Rating 4: definite tsunami (probability approximately 1.0).

-8-⨾(1996), Ᏹబ⨾䞉௚(2013)䛻ぢ䜙䜜䜛]䛿ྐᩱ䛾୍䛴๓䛾㡯┠䛾ᆅ㟈䛾᪥௜䜢ㄗ䛳䛶⤖䜃䛴䛡䛯㌿グ䝭䝇䠄ᅗ 2䠅䛾ᙳ㡪䛷䛒䛳䛶䠈䛔䛪䜜䜒ṇ䛧䛟䛺䛔䠊䛺䛚䠈
1776-1786 ᖺ䛾ᖜ䜢♧䛩䜒䛾䛜䛒䜜䜀䠈᭱ୖᚨෆ䛜䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ᥈᳨᫬䛻ᚓ䛯䛂༑ᖺ௨ෆ๓䛃䠄䛄⼎ዀⲡ⣬䛅䠅䜢᰿ᣐ䛻䛧䛯䜒䛾䛰䜝䛖䠊䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈౛䛘䜀኱᳃䠄1899䠅䛻⏝䛔䛯䝕䞊䝍䛷䛒䛳䛶䠈䛭䜜䜢䛄኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䛅䛻཰㘓ணᐃ䛾ᆅ㟈䛰䛸ㄝ᫂䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䛯䛸⪃䛘䜜䜀䠈ྜ⌮ⓗ䛻ㄝ᫂䛷䛝䜛䠊௨ୖ䛛䜙䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻㛵䛩䜛ྐᩱ䛜䛄኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䛅䛻཰㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔ཎᅉ䛿䠈ᡭ㐪䛔䛻䜘䜛཰㘓₃䜜䛰䛳䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊

5.3 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛾䛄኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䛅䛷䛾ᢅ䛔1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻㛵䛩䜛ྐᩱ䛿䠈䛄ቑゞ኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䛅[㟈⅏㇧㜵ホ㆟᭳䠄⦅䠅(1943)]䛻䛿཰㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈䛄኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䛅ᕳஅඵ[㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳䠄⦅䠅(1904)]䛻䛿཰㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䛄኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䛅䛿䠈䛭䛾⦅⧩సᴗ୰䛻㏽ཤ䛧䛯㛵㇂Ύᬒጤဨ䛜཰㞟䛧䛶䛔䛯ྐᩱ䜢୰ᚰ䛻⦅⧩䞉Ⓨ⾜䛥䜜䛯䛜䠈ྐᩱ㞟䛾Ⓨ⾜䛻ඛ❧䛱䠈཰㘓ணᐃ䛾ᆅ㟈䝸䝇䝖䛸䛭䜜䜙䛻㛵䛩䜛ྐᩱ┠㘓䛾୍ぴ⾲[⏣ᒣ(1899)]䛜㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳䛻ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊୍ぴ⾲
䛻䛿䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛜ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈኱᳃䠄1899䠅䛿䠈䛣䛾୍ぴ⾲䛛䜙኱ᆅ㟈䛾䜏䜢ᢳฟ䛧䛶䠈ᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕㢖ᗘ➼䛾⤫ィฎ⌮䛧䛯䛂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ┠㘓䛃䝜ㄪᰝ䜢㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳䛻ሗ࿌䛧䠈䛭䛾䛯䜑䛻⏝䛔䛯኱ᆅ㟈䛾䝸䝇䝖䛻䛿䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛜ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺▩┪䛜䛒䜛䠊䛺䛚䠈኱᳃䠄1899䠅䛿䠈ᆅ㟈䛾᪥௜䜢㛫㐪䛳䛶䛔䜛䠄5.2 ⠇䠅䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈Milne(1912)䛾ୡ⏺⿕ᐖᆅ㟈䛾䜹䝍䝻䜾䛿䠈ᗎㄝ䛷䠈᪥ᮏ䛾኱ᆅ㟈䛿኱᳃䛾䇾኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䇿䛛䜙ᇶ‽䜢‶䛯䛩䜒䛾䜢ᢳฟ䛧䛯᪨䜢㏙䜉䠈ᆅ㟈䝸䝇䝖䛻䠈኱᳃(1899)䛾ㄗ䛳䛯ᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕䛾᪥௜䠄すᬺ䛷 5᭶䠅䛷䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䜢཰㘓䛧䛯䠄⾲ 7䠅䠊ᐇ㝿䛻䛿䠈Milne(1912)௨๓䛾 1904 ᖺ䛻ห⾜䛥䜜䛯䛄኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䛅䛻䛿䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛾ྐᩱ䛿཰㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠈䛸䛔䛖▩┪䛜䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿 䠈
Milne 䛜኱᳃䛛䜙ཷ㡿䛧䛯䛾䛿䠈䛄኱᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䛅

5.4 ᪥ᮏ䛻ὠἼ䛜฿㐩䛧䛯䛸䛩䜛᰿ᣐ
ID84 䛿䠈᪤Ꮡ䛾䜹䝍䝻䜾䜢཰㞟䛧䛶෌⦅㞟䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈໭ᾏ㐨ᮾᓊ䛻ὠἼ䛜฿㐩䛧䛯䛸グ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾グ㏙䛜䠈᭱㏆䛾ὠἼ䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䠄GHTD 䜔 HTDP䠅䛷䠈䛣䛾ᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛᪥ᮏ䛷䛾ὠἼ䛾᰿ᣐ䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈ID84䛿䠈ಶู䛾䝕䞊䝍䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩䛿♧䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䜹䝍䝻䜾඲య䛾ᩥ⊩䝸䝇䝖䛿♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈䛭䛾ᩥ⊩䝸䝇䝖䛾୰䛻䠈ὠἼ䛜໭ᾏ㐨ᮾᓊ䜢く䛳䛯䛸ㄗヂ䛧䛯JMA(1963) 䠄4 ❶䠈⾲ 6c䠅䛜ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䜎䛯䠈䛭䛾ㄗヂ䛾ཎᅉ䛸䛺䛳䛯⣮䜙䜟䛧䛔グ㏙䠄4 ❶䠈⾲ 6a,b䠅䛜䛒䜛௝ྎ⟶༊Ẽ㇟ྎ(1951)䜒‫‮‬ᮧ䠄1961䠅䜒ᘬ⏝䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊19 ୡ⣖௨๓䛻ᡂ❧䛧䛯ྂ䛔ྐᩱ䠄3.3 ⠇䠈⾲ 4䠅䜒ྐᩱ㞟䠄3.4 ⠇䠈⾲ 5䠅䜒ཧ↷䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䠈ID84 䛾䝕䞊䝍䛾᰿ᣐ䛿ᙜヱ䜹䝍䝻䜾䛰䛡䛛䜙䛷䛿䠈඲䛟ㄞ䜏ྲྀ䜜䛺䛔䠊୍᪉䠈ID84 䛻ඛ❧䛳䛶⦅⧩䛥䜜䛯 “Preliminary
Catalog of Tsunamis Occurring in the Pacific Ocean”[Iida et al. (1967a)]䛾ᩥ⊩䝸䝇䝖[Iida et al. (1967b)]䛻
䛿䠈”JMA(1961)”䛜ⱥㄒ䛾ᩥ⊩䛸䛧䛶ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
Iida et al. (1967a, b)䛿䠈௚䛾㡯┠(1537 ᖺ䛾䝯䜻䝅䝁ᆅ㟈䛾ഇὠἼ)䛷䜒Ẽ㇟ᗇᢏ⾡ሗ࿌䛾ⱥᩥ∧[JMA(1963)]䛻䛧䛛Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛔グ㏙䜢”JMA(1961)”䛸䛧䛶ㄗᘬ⏝䛧䛯౛䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䛳䛶䛔䜛[Hayashi(2021)]䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ID84 䛿䠈ᐇ㝿䛻䛿 JMA(1963)䜢ཧ↷䛧䛯䛻䜒䛛䛛䜟䜙䛪䠈ㄗ䛳䛶ᩥ⊩䝸䝇䝖䛻ᥖ㍕䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯䛸᥎ᐃ䛷䛝䜛䠊

⾲7

Milne ࡢୡ⏺ࡢ⿕ᐖᆅ㟈࢝ࢱࣟࢢ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 1780 ᖺ࢘ࣝࢵࣉᓥᆅ㟈࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㡯┠࡛ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏࡢᩥ⊩࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᪥௜㛫㐪࠸࡜ྠࡌࡃ 5 ᭶࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
Table 7. In the catalog of destructive earthquakes by Milne, an item on the 1780 Urup Island earthquake states thatit occurred in May, a date that is in line with the error found in Japanese literature.
“A catalogue of destructive earthquakes, A.D. 7 to A.D. 1899” [Milne(1912)]
グ㏙ෆᐜ㸸1780 May
Japan, Chishima or Kurile Islands
IIO.
ὀ㸸II ࡣ㸪ᆅ㟈ࡢ⿕ᐖࡢ⛬ᗘࡀ୰⛬ᗘO. ࡣ㸪᰿ᣐᩥ⊩ࡢⴭ⪅ࡢ࢖ࢽࢩ࡛ࣕࣝ㸪ᗎᩥࡢㄝ᫂࠿ࡽ Omori ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ศ࠿ࡿ
Milne ࡣࡇࡢᆅ㟈ࡢὠἼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪௚ࡢᆅ㟈࡛グ஦࡟ὠἼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グࡋࡓ㡯┠ࡶ࠶ࡿ- 10 -

ୖ㏙䛾᥎ᐃ䛜ṇ䛧䛔䛛ྰ䛛䛻䜘䜙䛪䠈ID84 䛜 1780ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛷໭ᾏ㐨ᮾᓊ䜈ὠἼ䛜䛒䜚䠈䛭䛾ಙ㢗ᗘ䛜㧗䛔䛸㏙䜉䛯᰿ᣐ䛿䠈JMA(1963)䛾ㄗヂ䛺䛹䛻ᇶ䛵䛟䛛䠈༢䛺䜛ᡭ㐪䛔䛷䛒䜛䠊ṇ䛧䛔᰿ᣐ䛻䛿ᇶ䛵䛔䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶䠈௚䛾䜹䝍䝻䜾䜔䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䜒䠈ID84 䛜グ䛧䛯໭ᾏ㐨䜈䛾ὠἼ฿㐩䛺䛹䛾ㄗ᝟ሗ䛻౫䛳䛶䛔䜜䜀䠈䛭䛾ཧ↷䛜┤᥋䛷䛒䜛䛛㛫᥋䛷䛒䜛䛛䠈᫂♧ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䛛ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛛䛻㛵䜟䜙䛪䠈ヱᙜ䝕䞊䝍䛾᰿ᣐ䛿䠈඲䛟䛺䛔䠊
5.5 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ྛᆅ䛷䛾ὠἼ⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䠄⾲ 2䠅䛻䜘䜛䛸䠈䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᮾᓊ䛷⪷䝘䝍䝸䜰ྕ䛜䛒䛳䛯ሙᡤ䛷䛾ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䛿䠈5䡚6 䝃䞊䝆䜵䞁䠄1 䝃䞊䝆䜵䞁=2.133m䠅䛷䛒䜛䠊ṇ䛧䛟᥮⟬䛧䛶
1m ༢఩䛻୸䜑䜜䜀 11䡚13m 䛸䛺䜛䠄⾲ 1e䠅䠊SF61 䛸
GHTD 䛾䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䛾ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥 10䡚12m䠄⾲ 1a,d䠅䛿➃ᩘฎ⌮䛾㐪䛔䛻䜘䜛䜒䛾䠈ID84 䛸 HTDP 䛾 12m
䠄⾲ 1b,c䠅䛿 10䡚12m 䛾ᖜ䛾᭱኱್ഃ䛾᥇⏝䛻䜘䜛䜒䛾䛷䠈䛣䜜䜙䛻ᮏ㉁ⓗ䛺ᕪ䛿䛺䛔䠊䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥෆ䛷⯪䛾೵Ἡሙᡤ௨እ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒䠈⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䛻䛿ᓥ䛾໭㒊䛸༡㒊䛷䛾⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䛜
㏙䜉䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄⾲ 2䠅䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾グ㘓䛾ಙ㢗ᗘ䛿㧗䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛜䠈GHTD 䛸 HTDP 䛾䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛻䛿䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶୍䛴䛾ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䛧䛛᥇㘓䛥䜜䛶䛚䜙䛪䠄⾲ 1c, d䠅䠈㈗㔜䛺ὠἼศᕸ䛾᝟ሗ䛜๭ឡ䛥䜜䛶䛧䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䜘䜚ᮾ䛾୕ᓥ䠄䝏䝸䝫䜲ᓥ䠈䝅䝮䝅䝹ᓥ䠈䜿䝖䜲ᓥ䠅䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䛻䛿⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䛸䛧䛶䠈ὠἼ䛿䛒䛳䛯䛜䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䜋䛹䛷䛿䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖グ㘓䠄⾲ 2䠅䛜䛒䜚䠈SF61 䛿䛣䛾ゎ㔘䛸䛧䛶䠈⾲䛻 2䡚
10m 䛸グ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄⾲ 1a䠅䠊ୗ㝈䛾 2m 䛿ᾐỈ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻᭱ప㝈ᚲせ䛺ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䛸䛧䛶୚䛘䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛶䠈ጇᙜ䛺᥎ᐃᖜ䛰䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊୍᪉䛷䠈HTDP 䛿䛣䜜䜙୕ᓥ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈䛔䛪䜜䜒 2䡚10m 䛾ᖜ䛾䛖䛱᭱኱್䛾 10m 䛾䜏䜢グ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠄⾲ 1c䠅䠈䛣䜜䛿㐣኱䛺ホ౯䛷䛒䜛䠊䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䜘䜚す䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䛷䛿䛂19 ␒┠䛸 20 ␒┠䛾ᓥ䠄ヂὀ䠖ᢥᤊᓥ䛸ᅜᚋᓥ䠅䛷Ỉ䛜ୖ᪼䛧䛯䛛䛹䛖䛛䛿䚸ᡃ䚻䛻䛿▱䜙䛥䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䛃䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄⾲ 2䠅䠊⪷䝘䝍䝸䜰ྕ䛿๓䚻ᖺ䛸๓ᖺ䛻㐨ᮾ䛾ཌᓊ䛻䛚䛔䛶ᯇ๓⸬䛸㏻ၟ஺΅䛧Ỵ⿣䛧䛯⤒⦋䛜䛒䜛䠊᪥ㄅ䛾䛣䛾㒊ศ䛿䠈ၟᴗୖ䛾㛵ಀ⪅䛛䜙᝟ሗ䛾ᥦ౪䜢ᚓ䜙䜜䜛ఱ䜙䛛䛾㛵ಀ䜢ᵓ⠏䛧䛶䛔䛯䛜䠈ᮏ௳䛷䛿᝟ሗᥦ౪䛜䛺䛛䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖䝙䜰䞁䝇䛰䜝䛖䠊ᢥᤊᓥ௨す䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ᑡ䛺䛟䛸䜒ၟᴗάື䛻㔜኱䛺ᙳ㡪䜢ཬ䜌䛩ὠἼ⿕ᐖ䛜䛺䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䜢♧䛩᝟ሗ䛰䛸⪃䛘䜛䛾䛜⮬↛䛷䛒䜛䠊5.4 ⠇䛷㏙䜉䛯㏻䜚䠈໭ᾏ㐨ᮾᓊ䜈䛾ὠἼ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛸䛩䜛 GHTD 䛺䛹䛾グ㏙䛿䠈᫂䜙䛛䛻ㄗ᝟ሗ䛷䛒䜚䠈 HTDP 䛾ᢥᤊᓥ䛷䛾ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䜒↓᰿ᣐ䛷䛒䜛䠊
Minoura et al. (1994)䛿䠈ୗ໭༙ᓥ኱἟䠄㟷᳃┴䠅䛾ὠἼሁ✚≀ 13 ᒙ䛾䛖䛱 1787 ᖺ䛾ᨺᑕᛶ㖄䠄210Pb䠅ᖺ௦ ᐃ್䜢ᚓ䛯ᒙ䜢 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛸ᑐẚ䛧䠈1䡚3m 䛾ὠἼ㐳ୖ㧗䜢᥎ᐃ䛧䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䛾᪥ᮏᾏ⁁ἢ䛔䛷䛿ὠἼ䜢క䛖ᆅ㟈䛜ከ䛟Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛝䛯䛣䛸䛜▱䜙䜜䛶䛚䜚[౛䛘䜀䠈ᆅ㟈ㄪᰝጤဨ఍
(2019)]䠈ሁ✚≀䛾ᖺ௦್䛻䜒᥎ᐃᖜ䛜䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈ᙜヱሁ✚≀䛜 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻క䛖䛸䛾ุ᩿䛻䛿䠈ㄽ⌮䛾㣕㌍䛜䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾ㄗุ᩿䛻䛿䠈ᙜヱὠἼ䛜໭ᾏ㐨䛻䜎䛷ཬ䜣䛰䛸䛔䛖ㄗ▱ぢ [Ώ㎶(1985)] 䜢ཧ↷䛧䛯䛣䛸䛜ᙳ㡪䛧䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䜒⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊ᚑ䛳䛶䠈
Minoura et al.(1994)䛜ᑐẚ䛧䛯ሁ✚≀䜢 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ὠἼ䛜ᮏᕞ䛾ୗ໭༙ᓥ䛺䛹䛻฿㐩䛧䛯ドᣐ䛰䛸䛩䜛⪃䛘䛿䠈ᨭᣢ䛷䛝䛺䛔䠊௨ୖ䛾㆟ㄽ䜢䜒䛸䛻䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ྛᆅ䛷䛾ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䛸䛧䛶䠈᪤ ᩥ⊩䛾᳨ウ䜢⤒䛶ᮏㄽᩥ䛷ホ౯䛧䛯ጇᙜ䛺್䛿⾲ 1e 䛾䛸䛚䜚䛷䛒䜛䠊
5.6 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛾つᶍ1780 ᖺ 䜴 䝹 䝑 䝥 ᓥ ᆅ 㟈 䛾 ᥎ ᐃ つ ᶍ 䛿 䠈 GHTD
[NCEI(2017)] 䛷 䛿 䝬 䜾 䝙 䝏 䝳 䞊 䝗 䠄 ௨ ୗ 䠈 M 䠅 7.5 䠈
HTDP[NTL(2005)]䛷䛿 M8.2, 䛄᪥ᮏ⿕ᐖᆅ㟈⥲ぴ䛅[Ᏹబ⨾䞉௚(2013)]䛷䛿 M7.0 䛺䛹䠈䜹䝍䝻䜾䛻䜘䛳䛶኱䛝䛺ᕪ␗䛜䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾䜹䝍䝻䜾䛷䛿ᆅ㟈つᶍ䛾᥎ᐃ᰿ᣐ䛿♧䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䛜䠈ྛ✀䜹䝍䝻䜾䛻䛚䛡䜛ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䛾䝕䞊䝍䛾ከ䛟䛿᫂ⓑ䛻㐣኱ホ౯䛒䜛䛔䛿↓᰿ᣐ䛷䛒䜛䠄5.5 ⠇䠅䛛䜙䠈௬䛻䠈ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䜔⠊ᅖ䛛䜙ᆅ㟈䛾つᶍ䛜᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䛯䛾䛷䛒䜜䜀䠈ᆅ㟈䛾つᶍ䛾᰿ᣐ䜒ኻ䜟䜜䠈ᙜ↛䠈䛭䜜䜙䛾䜹䝍䝻䜾䛷䛿 M䛾್䜢๐㝖䛺䛔䛧䛿෌ホ౯䛥䜜䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䠊1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈⾲ 1e 䛻♧䛧䛯ጇᙜ䛺ὠἼศᕸ䜢‶䛯䛩ᆅ㟈䞉ὠἼ䛾䝰䝕䝹䜢ぢ䛴䛡䛶䠈ᆅ㟈䛾つᶍ䜢㆟ㄽ䛩䜉䛝䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈䛣䜜䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ᮏㄽᩥ䛾ᑐ㇟እ䛷䛒䜚䠈ᑗ᮶䛾ㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛯䛔䠊
5.7 ᪥ᮏ䛻ᮍ▱䛾ྐᩱ䛜Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ
1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈ὠἼ䛾Ⓨ⏕ᙜ᫬䠈䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䜢ྵ䜐⼎ዀᆅ䛾⤫἞䜢୺ᙇ䛧䛶䛔䛯ᯇ๓⸬䛻䜘䜛ྐᩱ䛻䛿䠈⣔⤫ⓗ䛻グ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛿䛪䛾ᖺ௦グ䜔
⣔㆕䛻䠈䛣䛾ᆅ㟈䞉ὠἼ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾グ㘓䛜඲䛟ぢ䛴- 11 -

䛛䜙䛺䛛䛳䛯䠄⾲ 3䠅䠊᭱ୖᚨෆ䛿䠈ᆅ㟈䛛䜙 6 ᖺᚋ䛾⼎ዀᆅ䛾᥈᳨ᡂᯝ䜢䠈䛄⼎ዀⲡ⣬䛅䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥ䛷ὠἼ䛜䛒䛳䛯᫬ᮇ䜢༑ᖺ䛾ᖜ䛷䛒䜛䛻䜒㛵䜟䜙䛪♧䛧䛯䠄⾲ 4a䠅䠊䛭䜜䛜䠈ᙜ᫬䛾࿴ே䛻䛸䛳䛶䛾᪂Ⓨぢ䛷䛒䜚䠈䛄⼎ዀⲡ⣬䛅䛜ᡂ❧䛧䛯 1790 ᖺ䠄ᐶᨻ஧ᖺ䠅᫬Ⅼ䛷▱䜚䛖䜛⢭୍ᮼ䛾᝟ሗ䛰䛳䛯䛣䛸䜢♧၀䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊୍᪉䠈䛄ఇ᫂ගグ䛅䛻グ䛥䜜䛯 1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛾ὠἼ䛻㛵ಀ䛩䜛䛸䛧䛯 1795 ᖺ䜎䛷䛾ฟ᮶஦䠄⾲4b䠅䛿䠈1799 ᖺ䠄ᐶᨻ༑୍ᖺ䠅䛻ጞ䜎䜛ᖥᗓ䛾┤㎄⤫
἞㛤ጞ๓䛻ㄪᰝ䛧䛯ᡂᯝ䜢グ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜝䛖䠊㙐ᅜୗ䛾⼎ዀᆅ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈䝻䝅䜰ே䛜ᯇ๓⸬䜢௓䛥䛪䛻ཎఫẸ䛸䛾┤᥋஺᫆䜢䛧䛯䛣䛸䜢䠈㔜せ䛺ᨻ἞ⓗ䞉⤒῭ⓗᙳ㡪䛰䛸ᤊ䛘䛶䠈ᖥᗓ䛜䛣䛾஦௳䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄪᰝ䜢㐍䜑䛯ᡂᯝ䛜グ䛥䜜䛯䛾䛰䛸⪃䛘䜛䛾䛜⮬↛䛷䛒䜛䠊䛄ఇ᫂ගグ䛅䜢⦅⧩ᙜ᫬䛻䛿䠈䜎䛰䠈ᖥᗓ䛜⼎ዀᆅ䛾ㄪᰝ䜢㏻䛨䛶䠈䝻䝅䜰⯪䛜ὠἼ䛷⿕⅏䛧䛯䛣䛸䛸䛭䛾ᚋ䛾⤒⦋䛾᝟ሗ཰㞟䛜ྍ⬟䛰䛳䛯䛣䛸䜢♧၀䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᚑ䛳䛶䠈ᑡ䛺䛟䛸䜒 18 ୡ⣖ᮎ䛾໭ᾏ㐨ᮏᓥ䛻䠈
1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻㛵䛩䜛ఱ䜙䛛䛾ཱྀᢎ䛛ᩥᏐグ㘓䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛿ྰᐃ䛷䛝䛺䛔䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈໭ᾏ㐨ᮏᓥ䛻ఏ䜟䛳䛯ὠἼ䛻㛵䛩䜛グ㘓䛷䛒䛳䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛿䠈䛄ఇ᫂ගグ䛅䛻཰㘓䛥䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖஦ᐇ䛛䜙䠈⪃䛘䛻䛟䛔䠊
§6. ⤖ㄽ
1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛜䠈໭ᾏ㐨ᮏᓥ䜈䛾㐲ᆅὠἼ䜢䜒䛯䜙䛧䛯ドᣐ䛿඲䛟䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ὠἼ䛻㐼㐝䛧䛯ᙜ஦⪅䛜グ䛧䛯䝻䝅䜰⯪䛾⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧
[Soloviev and Ferchev (1961)]䠈ಙ㢗䛷䛝䜛᝟ሗ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䜛䛜䠈ᢥᤊᓥ௨す䛾ὠἼ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ゝཬ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔(3.1 ⠇䠈⾲ 2)䠊ྐᩱㄪᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䠈䛣䛾ᆅ㟈䛷᪥ᮏ䛻ὠἼ䛜฿㐩䛧䛯䛣䛸䜢♧䛩ᩥ⊩ྐᩱ䜒඲䛟ぢᙜ䛯䜙䛺䛔(3.2 ⠇䠈⾲ 3)䠊୍᪉䛷䠈䛣䛾ὠἼ䛜Ụᡞ᫬௦䛾㙐ᅜୗ䛾໭ᾏ㐨䛷䛾⤒῭άື䛻୚䛘䛯ᙳ㡪䛻
䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䛯ᆅ㟈ᖺ௦⾲[኱᳃(1919)]䠄⾲ 5a䠅䛜
1950 ᖺ௦௨㝆䛾ᩥ⊩[௝ྎ⟶༊Ẽ㇟ྎ䠄⦅䠅(1951),‫‮‬ᮏ(1961)] 䠄⾲ 6a, b䠅䛻ᘬ⏝䛥䜜䛯䠊䛣䛾䛯䜑䠈⤒῭ⓗ䛻䛷䛿䛺䛟┤᥋ⓗ䛻䠈໭ᾏ㐨ᮏᓥ䞉ᮏᕞ䛜ὠἼ䛻䜘䜛ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛯䛸䛔䛖ㄗㄞ䜢ᣍ䛝䜔䛩䛔≧ἣ䛻䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜ุ᫂䛧䛯䠄4 ❶䠅䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈ᐇ㝿䛻ㄗㄞ䛧䛯䛣䛸䛜ཎᅉ䛸䜏䜙䜜䜛ㄗ᝟ሗ䜢グ䛧䛯ᩥ⊩[JMA(1963),
Iida(1984)] 䠄⾲ 6c, d䠅䜒ぢ䛴䛛䛳䛯䠄4 ❶䠅䠊䛧䛯䛜䛳
䛶䠈1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛷໭ᾏ㐨ᮏᓥ䛻ὠἼ䛜฿㐩䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖᝟ሗ䛿䠈ㄗゎ䛛䜙⏕䛨䛯䛸᥎ᐃ䛩䜛䛾䛜ጇᙜ䛷䛒䜛䠄5.4 ⠇䠅䠊⌧ᅾᗈ䛟ᅜෆእ䛷฼⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䜹䝍䝻䜾䛻䛿䠈ㄗゎ䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛯ᩥ⊩[Iida(1984)]䜢᰿ᣐ䛻ᣲ䛢䜛䛛䠈᰿ᣐᩥ⊩䜢♧䛥䛪䛻ㄗ䝕䞊䝍䜢┤᥋䞉㛫᥋ⓗ䛻฼⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾[౛䛘䜀䠈NCEI(2017), NTL(2005),Ᏹబ⨾䞉௚(2013)䠈Ώ㎶(1998)] 䛜ከ䛔䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺᰿ᣐ䛾䛺䛔᝟ሗ䛻䜘䜚ᡂ❧䛧䛯䝕䞊䝍䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶䠈
1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛾ㄗ䛳䛯ᆅ㟈ീ䞉ὠἼീ䛜ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛⌧≧䛜䛒䜚䠈ྛ䜹䝍䝻䜾䛜᥎ᐃ䛧䛯ᆅ㟈䛾つᶍ䛾᥎ᐃ᰿ᣐ䜒ኻ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ䛜䛒䜛䠄5.6⠇䠅䠊1780 ᖺ䜴䝹䝑䝥ᓥᆅ㟈䛸䛭䛾ὠἼ䛾Ⓨ⏕≧ἣ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈┤᥋ほᐹ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟⪷䝘䝍䝸䜰ྕ䛾⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䛛䜙ᚓ䜙䜜䜛᝟ሗ䛜䜋䜌၏୍䛾ಙ㢗䛷䛝䜛᝟ሗ䛷
䛒䜛䠄5.1 ⠇䠅䠊⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䠄⾲ 2䠅䛾䜏䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥ศᕸ䠄5.5 ⠇䠈⾲ 1e䠅䛸ᆅ㟈䞉⿕ᐖ≧ἣ䛛䜙䠈ᆅ㟈ീ䞉ὠἼീ䜢෌ᵓ⠏䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊ྠ⯟ᾏ᪥ㄅ䛻ྵ䜎䜜䛺䛔᝟ሗ䛿䠈඲䛶↓᰿ᣐ䛸䛧䛶㝖እ䛥䜜䠈ᆅ㟈䛾つᶍ䛺䛹䜒෌ゎ㔘䛥䜜䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䠊௚䛻䜒䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ᩥ⊩䛾㛫㐪䛔䛜ᅜቃ䜢㉺䛘䛶ఏ䜟䜚ഇὠἼ䜢๰䜚ฟ䛧䛶ᾏእ䛾ὠἼ䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䜔䜹䝍䝻䜾䛻཰㘓䛥䜜䛯౛䛸䛧䛶䠈1586 ᖺ䝨䝹䞊Ἀᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛᪥ᮏ䜈䛾ഇὠἼ[ᯘ䞉௚(2018)]䜔䠈1537 ᖺ䝯䜻䝅䝁䛾ᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ഇὠἼ[Hayashi(2021)]䛜䛒䜛䠊ᩥ⊩୰䛾㛫㐪䛔䛷⏕䛨䛯ഇᆅ㟈䞉ഇὠἼ䛾᝟ሗ䛜௚ᅜ䛻Ώ䜛䛛⩻ヂ䛥䜜䛶䜂䛸䛯䜃ㄗ⏝䛥䜜䜛䛸䠈ゝㄒ䛾ቨ䛸୙᏶඲䛺ᘬ⏝⾲グ䛜ㄗ䜚䛾Ⓨぢ䛸ಟṇ䜢ᅔ㞴䛻䛩䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈Ṕྐᆅ㟈䠈䛸䜚䜟䛡䠈㏆௦ほ ௨๓䛾㐲ᆅὠἼ䛾◊✲䛻䛸䛳䛶῝้䛺ၥ㢟䛷䛒䜛䠊ᗈ䛟฼⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䜹䝍䝻䜾䛻཰㘓䛥䜜䛯Ṕྐᆅ㟈䛾䝕䞊䝍䛻䛿䠈௚䛻䜒㛫㐪䛔䛜䛒䜛䛰䜝䛖䛧䠈᪥ᮏㄒ௨እ䛷ⴭ䛥䜜䛯ᩥ⊩䛾㛫㐪䛔䛷⏕䛨䛯ഇᆅ㟈䞉ഇὠἼ䞉ഇ⿕ᐖ䛜䛒䛳䛶䜒䠈Ỵ䛧䛶୙ᛮ㆟䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊ㅰ㎡ᮏㄽᩥ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈༏ྡᰝㄞ⪅䛛䜙᭷┈䛺䝁䝯䞁䝖䜢䛔䛯䛰䛝䜎䛧䛯䠊ᮏ◊✲䛾ᐇ᪋䛻䛒䛯䜚䠈䝻䝅䜰ㄒ䛾ᩥ⊩ㄪᰝ䛷䛿䠈ຍ⣡㟹அẶ䠄ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ䠅䛾༠ຊ䜢ᚓ䛶ㄽᩥ䜢཰㞟䛧䠈ᰴᘧ఍♫䜰䝑䝖䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䛻䜘䜛⩻ヂ䝃䞊䝡䝇䜢฼⏝䛧䜎䛧䛯䠊◊✲䛾୍㒊䛿䠈
JSPS ⛉◊㈝ 21K03688 䛾ຓᡂ䜢ཷ䛡䜎䛧䛯䠊グ䛧䛶ㅰព䜢⾲䛧䜎䛩䠊
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