How to Increase Election Voting Rate
To maintain strict democracy
5101 Iino Haru
1. Abstract
These days, the voting rate in elections is rapidly decreasing in Japan. It is about under 50%
and the number is the worst in G20 countries. However it is not only in Japan but also inother countries such as the United States of America. What they have in common is thatvoting rate of the younger generation is fewer than the older generation.
In such a situation, the policy will be for elderly so it will not be comfortable to live in foryoung people. Therefore, the problem is connected with other problems such as declining
birthrate. For this reasons, we must tackle the problem.
First, I thought that the problem is happening in developed countries so I researched the rateof G20 countries which are generally called developed countries. The result was different
from my forecast. The rate of some countries such as Australia is higher that 80%. Other
countries which score high but not in G20 countries are Laos, Vietnam and so on. These
countries scored over 90%. And also, nordic countries are high rate countries too. There are
two main factors why these countries score high. The first one is the duty to vote. In some ofthese countries, they will be punished if they do not go to vote. Second one is that young
people are interested in politics. In nordic countries, a 34 years old female primeminister wasborn. In addition to this, youth’s opinions sometimes change the government so they know
well that their voices have power to change the countries.
In my conclusion, I want to suggest some ideas. The first one is education about election orpolitics in school. Second one is change the voting place.
2. Introduction
In Japan, the voting rate in elections isdecreasing rapidly. The Japanese voting rate
is about 48% and to solve this problem, thegovernment gave the right to vote toteenagers.
However, we cannot recognize noticeable
effect and the rate is still low. The problem
happens not only in Japan but also in othercountries like the United States of America.
The country’s rate is also about 50%.
Therefore, the problem is a global one.
In addition to this, elections are an
important part of democracy, so decreasing
voting rate would affect strict democracy. To maintain the world’s situation and not to
outbreak wars, it is effective to prevent decreasing voting rate.

3. Purpose and meaning of this research
If election voting rate decrease, it means that the government don’t reflect the people’s
opinion sufficiently in the politics. We can say that the voting rate show how muchdemocracy spread in the country. In this respect, it is necessarily for us to emphasize tha rate.
This graph (Green: over age 50 Blue: age 22-29 Red: age 30- 49) shows that the rate of older
generation’s rate surpasses the rate of younger generation in most of the countries. The wider
the gap between the elderly and the young become, the harder it would become for politicians
to conduct policies for young people because they need to gather votes in election. It isreasonable to focus on the policies for elderly. Therefore, we must think how we can increase
the rate of young people.
4. Research methods
Using the internet and collecting the data which shows the rates of each countries and thepolicies other countries are conducting to increase the rate. In addition, I will search for the
point in common among high rate countries or different point between high countries and low
countries.
5. Discussion and Implication
First, I researched the rate of foreign countries.

This graph shows the rate of G20 countries. This graph shows only a 1 year rate but thevoting rate does not change drastically in only few years so I will analyze this data.
In these countries, the lowest county is Japan, the rate is under 50% followed by USA, South
Africa, Korea, The UK and Canada. Contrary to this, the highest country is Turkey, the rate isover 85% followed by Indonesia, and Australia.
According to this data, countries in G7 indicate low rates so I made an assumption that thedecreasing of voting rate is happening in developed countries.
Second, I researched the countries which are outstanding but not in G20. The high rate
countries are Laos, Vietnam, and Singapore. The low rate countries are Iran, Iraq, and Egypt.

We then investigated why the rate was so high in the countries with high voter turnout. The
first thing that comes to mind is duty to vote, which is conducted in countries such as
Australia, Turkey, and Argentina, which had the highest levels among the G20 countries. Thismeans that they can be punished for not voting. Singapore, whose name was mentioned
earlier, also makes voting compulsory, and penalties for not voting are strictly enforced,
including "striking a name from the electoral roll.” In Australia, the voting rate, which was in
the 50% range, has risen to nearly 90% since the introduction of mandatory voting.I thoughtthat mandatory voting would increase turnout.
However, there are several problems if we conduct mandatory voting. First, if voting were to
be made mandatory, strict penalties would need to be established. Australia and Singapore
have strict penalties for violations, including fines and disenfranchisement. However, turnout
can be low in countries where voting is mandatory but the application of penalties is not strict
or unclear. In fact, this is the case in Egypt, where voting is formally mandatory but turnout isamong the lowest.
And another issue is that mandatory voting could invade the right to liberty. Mandatory
voting could invade rights in today’s world where people advocate the right to makedecisions based on one’s own will. I thought I have to consider whether it is effective or
dangerous.
We then investigated the differences between Japan and the Nordic countries.The reason forthis is that there were many comparative data and studies on Japan, a country with a low
voter turnout, and the Nordic countries, which are ahead of Japan in welfare systems andelections, so these data makes it easier to conduct the research. One thing that was pointed
out there was that there is a big difference in the attitude of young people. In someScandinavian countries, the voting rate of young people exceeds that of the elderlies, which isthe exactly opposite of Japan. In Finland, the prime minister is a 34-year-old woman, and it
can be said that Finland has achieved active participation in politics by young people. In theNordic countries, there are many events that have been realized through the voices of young
people, such as gender equality and LGBT acceptance, and people understand the importanceof elections and the importance of their votes.

↑ Two countries with a noticeable gap in youth voter turnout (Source: 明るい選挙推進委員会)
Comparisons between Japan and the Scandinavian countries show that there is a clear
difference in public awareness between countries with low and high voter turnout. In addition
to the awareness of national politics, some countries, such as Australia, seem to regard
elections as an event, with barbecue stands set up near polling places and a festival-likeatmosphere. It seems that there are differences in attitudes toward elections themselves.
We conducted a survey of the United States, which is another country with a low voter
turnout rate. The U.S., like Japan, has a problem of low voter turnout among young people,
and the voter turnout among 18- to 29-year-olds was a low 28% in the 2006 midterm
elections.
However, in the 2008 presidential election, the turnout was 50%, which is more than in themidterm elections, but not high enough to be considered high. There are several possible
reasons for the low voter turnout among young Americans. The first is the complexity of thevoting process. Someone becomes of voting age does not mean that they can immediately
vote. There are many questions such as which polling place to go to or how to cast an
absentee ballot, and as a result, some people do not vote. The second reason is that young
people have the mindset that their vote will not make a difference. Some young people have afeeling of resignation that they are at a disadvantage from the beginning and that themainstream will win anyway. I thought that this could be said of Japan too, and it seemed tome that this is a problem that is unique to developed countries with stable politics in various
aspects. Young people in countries like Japan and the U.S., where the voting rate of young
people is lower than that of other generations, know that they cannot win over themainstream, which is supported by a larger number of people, even if they unite and vote forthe candidates they want to promote. This would lead to a vicious cycle of lower and lower
youth voter turnout, as they would not see the value of their vote.
A third reason is the lack of information among high school students. Politicians may come touniversities to make speeches, but not to high schools. This is not surprising, since mostvoters are in college, but this means that those who do not go on to college are not exposed topolitics. And those who live in the suburbs and do not go to college will have even fewer
opportunities to do so.
So far, we have looked at the current situation and efforts in the G20 countries, countries withextremely high voter turnout, Nordic countries, and the United States, a country with similar
circumstances to Japan. From the above surveys, it seems that the main reason for the large
difference between countries with high and low voter turnout is the voter turnout rate andawareness among young people.

In addition, as the above graph (source: Cabinet Office) shows, the number of countries withdeclining birthrates in the developed world is increasing considerably. If the voting rate insuch countries declines and the youth turnout is low, it may be difficult to develop the kind ofpolitics that young people want. We have decided to examine the importance of efforts toincrease youth voter turnout in countries where voter turnout has declined.
First, we considered the promotion of electoral education for students in the compulsory
education process in each country. As the previous example in the U.S. shows, there arecertainly young people who lack knowledge about elections and national politics, or who
intend to vote but do not know how exactly to vote. In terms of specific educational content,
we felt that in addition to the mechanism and necessity of elections, more detailed educationis needed on how exactly to vote, how to vote, and how to vote in the areas where theseeducational institutions are located. We also felt that it would be effective to provide
explanations of candidates' manifestos at schools during relatively large elections. By
incorporating these activities into school education, we can expect that interest in politics will
be generated in our daily lives.
6. Conclusion
From these studies I would like to make some suggestions. The first is about education. As I
mentioned before, in countries with low turnout, some people do not have enough knowledge
about elections and politics and it is apply especially to young people. This is why I thought itwould be effective to implement detailed electoral education in the compulsory education

curriculum. Specifically, they are to identify local polling places and explain the pledges ofeach political party. However, this type of education can be difficult in developing countries.
Then, from the perspective of separation of church and state, teachers need to be careful as
well.
The second is the polling place. The first effective way to increase youth voter turnout would
be to allow them to vote in schools. In addition, it would be important to place the ballots
near train stations and other locations that are in line with the flow of people.
Third, encourage young people to vote. In Japan, the My Number Card has spread to many
people, including young people, due to the score of points awarded. This principle could be
used to encourage voting by offering some kind of benefit. Needless to say, however, there
are many problems with this.
Future tasks are to flesh out and examine proposals, as well as to consider more effective
proposals.
7. References
https://www.cao.go.jp/ （内閣府）
https://go2senkyo.com/articles/2019/07/22/43035.html （選挙ドットコム）
https://camp-fire.jp/projects/view/250619 （スウェーデンの主権者教育の教材「政治について話そう」和訳版を冊子化して届けたい！）https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/world/20221110-OYT1T50024/ （読売新聞）
https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASQC50RKMQC3UHBI01D.html （朝日新聞）
https://forbesjapan.com/articles/detail/38033 （米国の投票率、他の先進国と比べると実は低い？）
https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20200828-mxt_kyoiku02-000009659_2.pdf（文科省）

Improvment in Global unemployment rate
Cooperation between developed and developing countries
5102 Imaizumi Daichi
Abstract
In this research, I examine the improvement in global unemployment rate by cooperating with
developed and developing countries. These days, due to COVID-19 pandemic, theunemployment rate is increasing in the world and I thought this is a serious problem. I think
this rise means the expansion of the gap between rich and poor. So, improvement inunemployment rate can lead to world peace indirectly.
The way to research is mainly information gathering on the internet and analyzing the current
situation based on those materials. Then, I reached a conclusion.
I found two things in this study. The unemployment problem is serious in African countries
and they improve the rate with their original policy in developed countries. First is about therate in Africa. I was aware that the unemployment problem in developing countries (mainly in
Africa) was serious before, so I realized that this is the problem which we should solve
quickly again by researching. Second is about the policy in developed countries. I researched
the policy of Sweden, America and Germany. In Sweden, they make an effort to improve theunemployment rate together with the country and the support such as unemployment
insurance is fulfilling. In America, they didn’t do some special policy, but the companies
improved the problem with corporate effort. In Germany, the country uses the policy called“Bürger arbeiten”. In this policy, the country gives some public jobs to unemployed people
and they make those people get a job for sure.
As a conclusion of this study, I came up with the idea that developing countries should
introduce the German policy. With this project, we give a job such as child care and raise
those children as future human resources. As a result, we can fulfill the double improvementof the unemployment rate today and in the future.
* In this study, I defined “developed countries” as the Western countries and “developing
countries” as African countries.
* In this study, I used a different meaning of “Improvement”.
-> “Improvement” in developed countries means “to lower the rate to single figures”,
and in developing countries means “to lower the rate to the level as developed countries”.
1. Introduction
The purpose of this study is to improve the global unemployment rate. My focus is on
developing countries in Africa, where unemployment has always been a serious problem. I
believe that the global unemployment rate will also improve by improving the unemployment
rate in African countries. Also, by improving this problem, the gap between the rich and thepoor can be narrowed, which may indirectly lead to world peace.
I believe that this research will lead to the achievement of SDG No. 8, “Decent Work andEconomic Growth”.

The sub-theme of this study, “cooperation,” refers to financial and technical support between
developed and developing countries. I thought that developing countries have little money
and may not be able to realize their ideas for improving the unemployment rate, even if they
have them. So, I thought that it could be realized by having developed countries provide
support. In my opinion, cooperation between developed and developing countries should bedone among trading countries. Since trading countries have already established diplomatic
relations with each other and have a certain degree of cooperation, it would be easy for themto “cooperate” in this study.
2. Discussion and implications
There are three main findings of this study.
First, Africa's population and young population are growing rapidly. In recent years, theworld's population has been increasing, and is expected to reach about 10 billion by 2050
(Figure 1). Especially in Africa, the population is expected to overtake that of China andIndia, which have the largest populations in the world today, by 2032, and to reach about 2.1
billion by 2050 (Figure 2). These data show that Africa will account for about 22% of theworld's population in 2050. This is more than China's share of the world's population in 2007,
which was about 20% (Figure 3). The young population in African countries has also been
increasing year by year (Figure 4). These data show that population growth is increasing
worldwide, especially in Africa, and that the young population is also increasing.

[Figure 1] UN Population Projections to 2100 (from POPULATION MATTERS)[Figure 2] Growth of Labor Force (Population age 15-59) in millions, 1980–2100(from HOOVER INSTITUTION)[Figure 3] World Population and Japan's Population in honor of ”World Population Day”
(from Statistics Bureau of Japan)

[Figure 4] The steady rise of Africa's youth population against world continents(from World Economic Forum)
Second, I looked at the policies of each developed country to improve their unemployment
rates. In this study, I researched Sweden, the United States, and Germany. The reason why I
chose these three countries is that Germany and the U.S. have been steadily reducing theirhigh unemployment rates (Figure 5). Figure 5 shows that Germany succeeded in reducing its
unemployment rate by 8% from 2005 to 2022, and the U.S. succeeded in reducing its
unemployment rate by 4% in a short period of only two years from 2020 to 2022. The reason
why I chose Sweden is because it is said that Scandinavian countries are advanced in many
aspects, such as education. And when I researched approaches in Scandinavia, I found out
about Sweden.
To begin with the unemployment policy in Sweden. I found out that Sweden has a policy
called an “active labor market policy”. Specifically, a non-profit organization called TRR
provides coaching services to job seekers and supports them in acquiring skills andknowledge that are promising. Also, Sweden has a good unemployment insurance system,and the Unemployment Insurance Fund guarantees basic insurance even to those who are notinsured or do not meet the conditions for benefits.There is also a system that provides 80% of
the previous wage for 200 days if income-proportional insurance is utilized. In other words,
Sweden provides substantial support for the unemployed to find new jobs and financial
support for the unemployed. This has helped to keep the unemployment rate at a low level.
In the second place, it is about the unemployment policy in the US. In the United States, theunemployment rate rose sharply from 2019 to 2020 due to the impact of the global spread of
COVID-19. This is believed to be due to the layoffs (hiring practices) of many companies in
COVID-19 disaster and people leaving their jobs because they feared their own infection. An
investigation into why the unemployment rate in the U.S. fell so sharply showed that it wasdue to the resumption of economic activity by businesses, not government policy. 2022 hasseen the global spread of the COVID-19 settle down, and economic activity has resumed inmany countries and regions. In response, companies resumed hiring to make up for the staff
they had cut back due to COVID-19 spreading disaster. Short-staffed companies increased
wages to compete for job seekers, and average hourly wages rose at a pace of 4.7% per year,
up from about 3% per year before COVID-19 disaster. In other words, the unemployment ratein the U.S. was not improved by the government, but by the companies, and theunemployment rate fell as each company increased wages and otherwise retained its
workforce.
Then , it is about the unemployment policy in Germany. In Germany, it was found that the
production of “Bürger Part-Time Work” is being implemented. This project targets people
who have no possibility of finding regular employment at this time, who have consideredparticipating in training for a vocational qualification, training measures within a company, or“additional work opportunities in the public interest,” called “1 Euro Jobs,” and still have noprospects for such possibilities. In order to get them out of unemployment as quickly as
possible, public benefit jobs are provided for them, such as fire prevention, homes for theelderly, church work, and child care. In other words, it was found that Germany has improved
its unemployment rate by “giving” jobs to the unemployed rather than forcing them to lookfor work.

[Figure 5]Unemployment Rates in Japan and Major Western Countries(from 社会実情データ図録)
The third fact in the study is about unemployment rates in Africa. Research shows that themain African countries have by far the highest unemployment rates compared to Japan(Figure 6). Looking at South Africa, I found that the unemployment rate is about 14 times
higher than that of Japan. From this data, I got the idea that the unemployment problem inAfrica is a very serious problem.

[Figure 6]Unemployment rate in Africa as of 2024, by country (excerpts) (from Statista)
3. Conclusion
The conclusion of this study is that the policy of “Bürger Part-time” in Germany could be
used as a model to improve the unemployment rate in developing countries. As mentioned
above, a “Bürger part-time job” is a public benefit job prepared for the unemployed. I
mentioned that examples of this work include fire prevention activities, activities in homes
and associations for the elderly, and child care, but I focused on the “child care” job content
here. The reason for this is that, as can be seen from Figure 4, the number of young people in
African countries is increasing year by year. So, I thought that the increase in the young
population would lead to a shortage of people in charge of child care (childcare). In order tocope with this increase, I thought that if we implemented a “Bürger part-time job” andcreated a “child care” job, we could give jobs to the unemployed and also cope with theincrease in the number of children in the country. However, since "care" would meansomething like “babysitting,” I thought it would be better to make this a “children's
education”. It doesn't have to be a solid education like in schools, but it could be as simple asteaching general education, and it doesn't have to be done without special qualifications. I
also believe that the implementation of the Bürger part-time program will lead to an
expansion of the children's future employment options. Children cared by Bürger part-time
can receive care (education), which leads to an “adequate education”. Children who receive
an “adequate education” will have more options for work. This means that children who havereceived “ adequate education” will have more job options, which will lead to an
improvement in the unemployment rate (Figure. 7).

[Figure 7] Solution by Bürger part-time job (Created by Google Slides)
4. Future issues and prospects
There are three major issues to be considered for the future.The first is to research andconsider whether developing countries have the economic strength to secure financial
resources and salary sources after employment. The second is to expand employment options
by attracting foreign companies through infrastructure development;. The third is to consider
skills for “children's education”. Also, more consideration of “cooperation” is an issue to beconsidered in the future. I want to research more on these issues and conclude.
5. References<View 2022/5/19>
Investing Wisely-What will an improvement in the U.S. unemployment rate do to the economy?https://wm.openhouse-group.com/column/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%
82%AB%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%B1%E6%A5%AD%E7%8E%87%E6%94%B9%E5%96%
84%E3%81%AF%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E3%81%AB%E4%BD%95%E3%82%92%
E3%82%82%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E3%81%99%E3%81%8B-100006-93
The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training-Germany:Whatto do about long-term unemployment? https://www.jil.go.jp/column/bn/colum082.html<View 2022/6/3>
The Adecco Group-Learning from Scandinavia “Measures for the Unemployed and Public Education to Nurture
Human Resources”https://www.adeccogroup.jp/power-of-work/vistas/adeccos_eye/34/03

The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training-Africa Economic Report Releasedhttps://www.jil.go.jp/foreign/jihou/2012_7/oecd_01.html<View 2022/9/17>
社会実情図録-Unemployment Rate Trendshttps://honkawa2.sakura.ne.jp/3080.html
アフリカ経済しらべ-Employment Situation in South Africa: Check Employment Rate, Unemployment Rate,
Occupational Composition, and Labor Productivityhttps://africa-keizai.com/employment_productivity_southafrica/
GraphToChat-The graph shows the juvenile population of the Central African Republichttps://graphtochart.com/population/central-african-republic-age00to14.php
UNFPA Tokyo-Materials & Statisticshttps://tokyo.unfpa.org/ja/resources/%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E3%83%BB%E7%B5%B
1%E8%A8%88
Statistics Bureau of Japan-World Population and Japan's Population ~On the Occasion of World Population Day~ https://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/topics/topics23.html
MONEX, Inc-Population Growth and Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africahttps://media.monex.co.jp/articles/-/7872<View 2023/10/23>
Population Matters-THE WORLD OF POPULATION PROJECTIONShttps://populationmatters.org/news/2023/01/the-world-of-population-projections/
Hoover Institution-Africa 2050: Demographic Truth and Consequenceshttps://www.hoover.org/research/africa-2050-demographic-truth-and-consequences
World Economic Forum-The children’s continent: keeping up with Africa's growthhttps://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/the-children-s-continent/
Statista

-Unemployment rate in Africa as of 2024, by countryhttps://www.statista.com/statistics/1286939/unemployment-rate-in-africa-by-country/

Consumer Psychology and our Life-

Protecting the earth by leveraging consumer psychology 5103

Yu Iwai＜ Abstract ＞
In recent years, the negative influence of global warming has come to the surface.
Therefore, we should understand more about environmental issues and their current progress.
Environmental aggravation such as global warming is the result of development that we havedone in order to develop our daily lives. I think we need to think about our life with global
warming.
Then, I thought that we could take some actions for global warming by using
consumer psychology. Using consumer psychology means that selling more eco-friendly
products and SDGs contribute products.
Specifically, using consumer Psychology, and I would like to know about many people thathave eco-friendly products and SDGs goods. Marketing that uses "consumer psychology"means devising sales techniques when selling a product. Consumer psychology means“psychological factors that affect the selection and consumption of goods and services, either
directly or indirectly.” Using consumer Psychology, I would like to make people buy
environmentally friendly products so that they can take environmentally friendly actions
unconsciously and without any burden on themselves.

1. Introduction
We have been worried about the environmental aggravation of the Earth for many
years. However, environmental aggravation such as global warming is the result ofdevelopment that we have done in order to develop our daily lives. I think we need to takeeco-activities and environmentally friendly actions in our daily lives.
Therefore, I think that environmentally friendly actions could be done by using"consumer psychology". Consumer psychology means “psychological factors that affect the
selection and consumption of goods and services, either directly or indirectly.” Values,
religion, lifestyle, fashion sense, fashion trends, etc. have relationships for our buying action.
If we use consumer psychology, I think that the company can sell environmentally friendly
products and help improve the environment without unconsciously changing.
Marketing that uses "consumer psychology" means devising sales techniques whenselling a product. For example, using the Diderot effect, the psychology of action that makes
people want to buy "unity" and "consistency" in products. The idea is that making a series of
products and communicating the brand's global view and philosophy will encourage more
people to buy environmentally friendly products.

2. Discussion and implications
From my research, I have found a number of effects related to consumer psychology.
Consumer psychology has been shown to have a few effects as written below. I have selected
some of these to use in my research.
Principle of retro-return / Diderot effect / Zion effect / Bandwagon effect / Anchoring effect /Cocktail party effect / The Caligula effect / The halo effect / Placebo effect /The Pine, Bamboo, and Plum Law / The Windsor Effect / Tension Reduction Effect /Bandwagon effectI took a survey of my classmates asking them “Do you try to buy eco-friendly
products in your daily life?” The results showed that about 70% of the people were notalways able to buy eco-friendly products.

I also asked, “If you were buying,
which would you buy: regular dishdetergent or dish detergent that is madeof environmentally friendly materials
and it is gentle to our skin?” (This time, I
use dish washing for example.) The
results showed that about 64% of thepeople buy regular dish detergent, andabout 36% people buy dish detergent thatis made of environmentally friendly
materials and it is gentle to sensitive
skin.

Finally, I asked, “In answer tothe above question, why did you
choose the answer?” Those who chosecheap dish detergent gave the reasons“That’s because it's cheap” and “That’s
because I think If I act for theenvironment alone, I don't think I canchange the environment” these reasons
were given.

In contrast, those who chose the less expensive but more environmentally friendly andgentle dish detergent gave the reasons “That’s because I wanted something that wasenvironmentally friendly even if it costs a little more.” Also, “That’s because I have sensitiveskin” and “That’s because it is a large amount” were the reasons given.
From these things, I found that something like an additional action would increase thepurchase rate.

3. Conclusion
From the research results, I thought that additional effects, series of products, andproducts with a sense of unity in color and pattern would be good to make it easier for
consumers to buy environmentally friendly or eco-friendly products. In addition, I thought it
could be used for product marketing of environmentally friendly and eco-friendly products.
This is because consumer psychology has various effects other than those introduced in thisreport. I searched for past research and found that there are actually efforts to use similar
consumer psychology. I felt that I needed to read more past research and take surveys from
more people in the class. I would like to continue my research so that I can make better use of
consumer psychology in the time I have left.

4. References
・https://news.1242.com/article/128846（4/25）
渋滞にも科学！人間の心理を巧みに利用した渋滞対策の数々！
・https://gazoo.com/column/daily/19/10/16/（4/25）
渋滞を楽にする10 の知識 渋滞対策を予報士に聞いてみた！
・https://marketing-rc.com/article/20151201.html（4/25）
消費者心理を上手く利用したWEBライティングの10のテクニック | マーケティン
グリサーチキャンプ|市場の旬を調査で切る！
・https://ad-journal.com/knowledge/psychology-technique.html（5/9）
【そういうことか】消費者理解が深まる行動心理学のテクニック10選
・https://www.tryeting.jp/column/3223/#i-2（06/20）
消費者行動の例をご紹介！時代による変化の状況や影響を与える要素とは？
| TRYETING Inc.（トライエッティング）・https://liskul.com/wm_consumer-8475（06/20）
WEBマーケティングに消費者心理を～購買意欲をそそる15の秘訣～ | LISKUL・https://www.egmkt.co.jp/column/consumer/20220105_EG_242.html（8/30）
環境問題のために個人でできることは？現状や対策まで紹介
・https://www.shop-stationery.com/user_data/free/ecogoods.php（9/20）
環境にやさしいノベルティ エコグッズ・SDGs貢献グッズ大特集
・https://noveblo.com/eco-friendly_goods/（9/20）【2022年最新版】SDGs関連グッズ総まとめ | ノベブロ / NOVEBLO

・https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000045.000039029.html（9/20）
お弁当用カップで環境負荷低減。日々使うものだから環境に配慮した商品を使ってもらえるように。ＦＳＣ®認証紙採用のおべんとうカップeチェック柄シリーズ
を発売！
・https://mba.globis.ac.jp/about_mba/glossary/detail-12514.html（9/20）
AIDMA（アイドマ）｜グロービス経営大学院 創造と変革のMBA
・https://webma.xscore.co.jp/study/aidma/（9/20）
AIDMAは古い？基本的な考えを活用事例・メリットと併せて解説
・https://marketing.saisoncard.co.jp/article/2021/07/21/106（9/5）
マーケティングに活かせる行動心理学。実務で応用可能なテクニック11選【マーケティングコラム】
・https://markezine.jp/article/detail/39156 (2/1)
日本の消費者の約8割がサステイナブル製品への購買意欲が高い ただし実購買へは至らず【ベイン調査】：MarkeZine（マーケジン）
・https://gallery.intage.co.jp/ethical-consumption/ (2/1)
「サステナブル」な商品、高くても買う？日本人のサステナビリティ意識と行動

Nursing Need in Healthcare
Genderless in Nursing
5104

Mihiro Iwasa

Abstract
Male nurses are necessary to fulfill the role of the nurse which is to assist in medical
treatment, to view the patient from various aspects. Finally, I suggest that the ratio of men to
women in videos and illustrations about nurses be 1:1 and that male nursing students take on
medical tasks during the draft. I couldn’t judge how effective that would be, but the
University of Nottingham has created videos and images featuring male nursing students in
the United Kingdom. In Taiwan, modifying media coverage to eliminate gender
discrimination and stereotyping is one effective way to increase the number of male nurses.
The draft after graduation from nursing school is a problem for men. This is because there isa gap between school graduation and clinical practice.
1.Introduction
I am interested in nurses because I had previously studied community health care andlearned that nurses have many different ways of working. When I heard the word "nurse", I
associated it with women. In fact, in 2020, the gender composition of nurses in Japan was
91.9% female, while 8.1% were male. In the world, women account for 9 out of 10 nursing
positions, but this varies by region. In the African region, the gender ratio is 3:1, with malenursing positions outnumbering female nursing positions in 13 countries.
2.Discussion and implicationsFirst, I focused my attention on male nurses. I wonder if the situation means that we do
not need male nurses. I considered the research question, "Are male nurses needed?” The roleof a nurse is “to assist in medical treatment, to view the patient from various aspects such as
physical, mental, social, and cultural aspects, and to accurately determine the nursing careneeded”. I think that having male nurses will enable us to provide better nursing care byconsidering not only women's but also men's perspectives. For this reason, I assume that malenurses are necessary.
I have been trying to figure out how to ensure that we have the right number of male nurses.
Nurses, both male and female, have a high turnover rate. The number of nurses worldwide
who are thinking of leaving their jobs in 2021 was between 20% and 30% of all nurses. I
thought it was important to create a good working environment to keep the male nurses wehave now from quitting.
I researched about the countries which have high gender gap index, and have tackled the
problem related to male nurses aggressively.
First, I researched about the countries which have acted against the problem related to malenurses to know what is an effective way to solve this problem.
・United Kingdom
One way to address gender issues is for universities to increase the number of male nursing
students. For example, the University of Nottingham has created videos and images featuringmale nursing students. Coventry University has advocated “gender-neutral re-branding of
nursing” and created role models for male nursing students. The number of male nurses in the
United Kingdom had increased slightly since 2002, but the number of applications fornursing programs at the University of 2023 decreased by 18.6% compared to January 2022. It
is said that this is due to the 2022 nurses striking for the first time over low wages. Thus, it
was not possible to determine whether the British approach to solving the problem waseffective.
・Taiwan
The “衛福部性別平等推 動計畫（男女共同参画推進事業）108-111 年” was started in
2019. The policy includes modifying media coverage to eliminate gender discrimination andstereotyping. In Taiwan, the number of male nurses increased significantly from 1735 in 2012
to 6822 in 2021. This led me to believe that the policy may be effective. In Taiwan, the draft
after graduation from nursing school is a problem for men. This is because there is a gap
between school graduation and clinical practice.
I focused on two points in Taiwan policy, “modifying media coverage to eliminate gender
discrimination and stereotyping” and “a problem for male nursing students : the draft”.
About “modifying media coverage to eliminate gender discrimination and stereotyping”, there is aneffect of the way in the policy. The number of male nurses increased 1735 in 2012 to 6822 in 2021. So
I think the policy is effective.
The data item

The percentage

I’ve refrained from doing something because I’m a man.

76.4%

Sometimes the changing rooms were substitutes. (e.g., goods shortage) 71.7%
I have been given roles such as class president and moderator, because
I’m a man.

71.7%

I have been treated as a man.

70.1%

Here are the results of a 2005 survey conducted in the Japanese psychiatry department. I
summarized the items that received 70% or more responses. Many of them caused bias.
About the draft, I found that it is practiced in 64 countries and that it prevents male students fromstudying.

3.Conclusion
I suggest that the ratio of men to women in videos and illustrations about nurses be 1:1 andthat male nursing students take on medical tasks during the draft. By doing so, we might beable to remove the bias that nursing is a job for women, and male nurses can work
comfortably.
4.Referesnces
https://www.ishikawa-nu.ac.jp/pdf/kenkyu/03_13.pdf 2023.8.9
https://mhlw-grants.niph.go.jp/project/155964 2023.11.11

http://www.isgsjapan.org/journal/files/8_miyazaki_seiko.pdf
2024.1.20
https://mhlw-grants.niph.go.jp/system/files/download_pdf/2021/202106024A.pdf 2024.1.15
https://rucforsk.ruc.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/85237654/Men_in_nursing_education.pdf 2024.1.15
https://kyokuhp.ncgm.go.jp/library/other_doc/2020/SekainoKango2020_.pdf 2024.1.15
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjsnr/32/4/32_20090130005/_pdf 2024.1.22
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/eisei/20/dl/kekka1.pdf 2024.1.22
https://www.nurse.or.jp/aim/nursing.html 2023.12.15
https://www.nurse.or.jp/home/publication/pdf/research/98.pdf2023.12.15

Spread of Animal-Assisted Therapy~What we can do for children with autism spectrum disorder~
5105

Ohno Shuto

Abstract
Now, people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are one in a hundred in the world. These
health problems do not have an established solution, so they cannot recover completely.
However, Europe and America have good resolution ways. One of these is animal-assisted
therapy(AAT), which is using the power of animals to care for their mental feelings. The
world has already got scientific grounds to become good for the health of our heart by
coming into contact with animals. However, this is not developing in Japan and we cannot
understand it now. So, this study’s goal is that many people know about the symptoms ofautism and the advantages of AAT. Finally, I want to make a process which connects autistics
and animals.
1.Introduction
Now, autistics are one in a hundred in the world. They can be roughly classified into threekinds. For example society and personal relationships, communication and delay of intellectand, having some unbalanced activity and interest. Such children are unconcerned with
communication, speech delay, expression peculiar to words and hypersensitivity or
unconcerned to the sensation.
Nevertheless, a lot of people do not have knowledge about autism so, the people around themlook at them coldly as the days continue in public. A countermeasure permeated throughEurope and America. It is AAT. Interacting with animals that are known to have highemotional levels, such as dolphins and horses, has been shown to help people trust others. I
believe using this way, autistic children will be able to live comfortably. Also, my last year’s
research was about AAT so I think this theme is useful for me to research something.
2.Discussion and implications
The goal of this study is to make a process which connects autistics and animals andsupports them reverting to community. If this can be achieved, I will ask some engineers todevelop matching applications.
First of all, In 2018, an estimated 480,000 people in Japan were diagnosed with
developmental disabilities among these are autism. According to Nomura Research Institute,
Ltd’s research, economic losses associated with social difficulties for people with
developmental disorders amount to 2.3 trillion yen in Japan. Furthermore, Japan is an aging
society with a declining birthrate, and according to the same study, the working-age
population is expected to decline by about 35% by 2060, resulting in a shortage of up to
approximately 790,000 of IT workers. However, the subjects of this study are adults. At firstglance, this may seem irrelevant to this study, but it is not. It is difficult for adults torecognize developmental disabilities in themselves and others. Conversely, they thought that
if they were aware of their developmental disabilities while they were children, they would
not have to worry about them as adults.

Second, AAT has many benefits. For example, promoting secretion of chemicals that make us
feel happy, healing our mental health, and improving social skills. Social skills in particular
are essential in our lives. Because if this is lacking, there are cases where students do notknow how to relate to others and are bullied in school. However, with the recent shift tonuclear families, there are fewer opportunities for children to develop them. In addition,
many parents are becoming over-involved, not knowing how to relate to their children due totheir intense workloads and other factors. Therefore, recent years are not developed forchildren. Also, children with such symptoms were bullied by their classmates in school, andthey refused to go to school. AAT is an effective way to develop such skills. However, Japan
has a lot of problems adopting it.
First, Japan has not been so proactive in adopting this, and even if it has, only small-scale
events have been held. On the other hand, in Europe and America the values held toward
animals are different from those in Japan, so some hospitals and organizations are actively
adopting AAT. In addition, the fact that the use of animals for treatment is not officiallyrecognized in Japan, whereas it is in other countries, has contributed to the lack of profit for
hospitals, which has also contributed to the low performance of AAT in Japan.
Second, Because AAT is a drug-free treatment, it is difficult to scientifically prove its
effectiveness, and few organizations are willing to adopt it, so experiments have notprogressed. This is true of all non-drug treatments, but they may not work for everyone andof course may come with risks that are not yet recognized. Considering these factors, it will
not be easy to incorporate them into the medical field.
Finally, It means that hygiene issues must be paid close attention to, and it is a big burden forboth the AAT provider and the AAT recipient. If the receiving hospital were to have problems
with infectious diseases, AAT activities could also be a factor. Because of such risks, many
hospitals do not even think of using them.
Despite these advantages, the disadvantages are the only ones that attract attention, so it isstill not very familiar in Japan. I believe that we will not be able to approach the goal of ourresearch unless we first solve these problems.
The solution we came up with was to promote animal therapist training and create a place tolearn about zoology. Currently in Japan, to qualify as an animal therapist, it is necessary totake individual courses offered by each organization, and the cost is not something that is
easily affordable. In addition, there are still few places in Japan where one can study zoology,
while in developed countries such as America, zoology is so widespread that there are evenspecialized departments in universities. Since neither of these problems can be solved
immediately, we would like to continue our research through repeated trial and error.

3.Concludion
ASD is a common problem not only in Japan but also in the world today, and it will be very
important to solve this problem with the help of animals. Of course, this is not a disease thatcan be completely cured, and it is difficult to solve it completely, but there is still a possibilityof improving the condition in the early years of childhood. Also, for families with suchchildren who are reluctant to have them take the AAT, I urge them to adopt a dog or cat. Youwill see the children's thoughts and behavior change as they interact with them. In this way, I
believe that the Japanese government should recommend using AAT for curing ASD. We
must understand their symptoms for that.
4.References
THE WEEK. (2018). Pet dogs can help reduce ADHD symptoms in kids. Retrieved fromhttps://www.theweek.in/leisure/lifestyle/2018/07/19/pet-dogs-can-help-reduce-adhd-symptoms-in-kids.html
週間エコノミスト Online （2021）発達障害人材の活用が企業競争力を左右する 「2.3兆円の経済損失」 を生み出す無理解・無関心の正体
https://weekly-economist.mainichi.jp/articles/20211012/se1/00m/020/065000d
ASD（自閉スペクトラム症、アスペルガー症候群）について | e-ヘルスネット（厚生労働省）
https://www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp/information/heart/k-03-005.html
障がいをもつ子どもがいる家庭でペットは飼える？ | 障害者支援施設の検索
https://www.minnanosyougai.com/article1/%E9%9A%9C%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%
82%92%E3%82%82%E3%81%A4%E5%AD%90%E3%81%A9%E3%82%82%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E3%81%A7%E3%83%9A%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%81%AF%E9%A3%BC%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B/■イルカ療法 Dolphin Therapy - カナダ発！自閉症療育支援の～と「たんぽっぽ」
https://tampoppo.jimdofree.com/home/%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82/%E2%91%A5-%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95/
自閉症とは？症状・特徴や子供との接し方・行動リスト｜LITALICOジュニア｜発達障害・学習障害の子供向け発達支援・幼児教室｜療育ご検討の方にもhttps://junior.litalico.jp/about/hattatsu/autism/
子どもの発達障害 「自閉スペクトラム症（ASD）」とは？アスペルガー症候群などとの違い |NHK健康チャンネル（文中図）
https://www.nhk.or.jp/kenko/atc_346.html

Utilization of New Materials for Environmental Issues
Effects of the spread of new materials
5106

Oba Tomoka

Abstract‘New materials’ are an advantaged version of existing materials such as oil and coal.
I wanted to make new materials spread around the world to solve environmental issues suchas global warming. To do so, I suggest three ideas. The first is the fusion of new materials
and existing materials. New materials have some better points than existing materials. For
example, new materials can reduce the amount of emission of carbon dioxide and they can
not be used up. However, they have some disadvantages such as high cost and low publicity,
so if we fuse them together, we can make products which are good for the environment. The
second is making products which are close to us, such as stationeries and selling them atstores. The third is cooperation between countries. Some countries have many raw materials,
while others have few of them, so if there were a system of import and export, and utilizationof products with new materials, it would lead to the spread of new materials in the world. By
doing so, it will solve the environmental issues in the world.
1 Introduction
This paper focuses on new materials which have a good effect on the environment.
The purpose of this study is to spread new materials around the world and solve
environmental problems. These days, there are a lot of environmental problems such as
global warming. The main causes of global warming are fossil fuel consumption and carbon
dioxide emissions. According to figure1 and figure2, both global fossil fuel consumption andcarbon dioxide are increasing year by year. By using new materials instead of existingmaterials such as oil and coal, it will lead to stopping global warming.

〈 Figure 1 - Our World in Data 〉

〈Figure 2 - Our World in Data〉
A lot of companies are working on inventing new materials these days. However, weshould point out that sales of products using new materials are not growing much. Recent
investigations about new materials demonstrated the advantages of new materials, and theway to join some new materials. These experiments are of great value to consider the
possibility of new materials in the future. However, few investigations consider the way tospread new materials, so this paper focuses on these points.
The research question of this study is “ What can we do to spread products using newmaterials around the world?” . In this paper, I tested the hypothesis that new materials affectthe environment well, but there are some problems such as high cost and lack of popularity. I
have investigated this research question by using the Internet.
2 Discussion and implications
As an example of new materials, this study has focused on LIMEX and NUNOUS.
First is LIMEX. LIMEX is considered as a new material to replace paper and plastics, and it
was developed by TBM company. They are made of limestone, and it has two merits.
The first is sufficient reserves of limestone. According to the Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry, there are about 24 billion tons of limestone in Japan in spite of the factthat Japan has less limestone than other countries. So, the self-sufficient rate of limestone inJapan is about 100%. In addition, Taiwan, which has much limestone, has about 300 billion
tons of them. This result shows that limestone will not run out in the future.

〈Figure 3 - Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry〉
The second is the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. According to an
investigation comparing the carbon footprint of petroleum-based plastics and limestone,
limestone has significantly lower emissions than petroleum-based plastics. When people
collect raw materials, we can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 98%, and also whenburning the materials, we can reduce it by 58%. This result shows that limestone iseco-friendly. Moreover, the paper which is made of LIMEX can reduce water usage by 97%
than ordinally paper.

〈Figure 4 - Japan Plastic Recycling and Reuse Association〉
Second is NUNOUS. NUNOUS is considered as a new material to replace paper andcloth. The first merit is upcycle. Upcycling is different from recycling. Upcycling is theprocess of making new materials and products from materials that are no longer needed. The
second is that it can also be used for a variety of purposes. For example, it is used for wallets,
belts and so on.
There are a lot of good points, but there are some problems. They are expensive andlack popularity. For example, NUNOUS is used for a wall at public buildings such as
museums, so it costs about 5000 yen per cloth. Also, both companies of LIMEX and that of
NUNOUS have only online shops and provision to companies or local governments, so thereare few products which use LIMEX or NUNOUS at stores. This current situation indicatesthat LIMEX and NUNOUS are not well known.
3 Conclusion
To elucidate the effects of spreading new materials, this study reveals the merits anddemerits of new materials. Consequently, I would like to suggest three ideas to solve these
problems.
The first is material fusion. As this study mentioned before, new materials have a lotof better environmental benefits than existing materials. For example, they are abundantresources, use less carbon dioxide and water, so they are good for the environment, but they
cost highly. On the other hand, the price of existing materials is lower than new materials, butthere is a risk of running out. For these investigations, if we fuse new materials and existingmaterials, it will be eco-friendly products.
The second is making products around us and selling them at stores. For example,
ballpoint pens using LIMEX were made and sold. However, these products may be sold only
on the Internet, so this study suggests to sell products using new materials not only on theInternet, but also at stores. As examples of products using new materials, I think stationeries,
clear files, and plastic bags are good.
The third is cooperation between countries. I suggest a country cooperates with othercountries by importing and exporting new materials between countries, and experiments of
new materials products. For example, there is a country which has a lot of new materials
exports them to a country which has few new materials. In addition, by sharing andexperimenting with products using new materials with each other, they would spread
products in both countries.
From now on, I want to consider how to cooperate with countries for spreading
products using new materials. Furthermore, I would like to think about three problems. Firstis how we can increase the use of products using new materials. Second is how we can sell a
lot of new materials products at stores. Finally is what kind of products fuse conventional
materials with new materials.
4 References
Adding new value to waste cloth. New upcycled cloth material “NUNOUS” - SDGs SCRUM
https://sdgs-scrum.jp/actions/1594/ (2022/05/16)
TBM official website
https://tb-m.com/ (2022/05/16)
What are Advanced Materials and Their Joining by Ryohei Tanaka
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/qjjws1943/55/8/55_8_466/_pdf (2022/05/31)
New material meaning - ICHANA.NET WEB DICTIONARY
https://ja.ichacha.net/japanese/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%A0%E6%9D%90.html (2022/05/31)

What is LIMEX? We will explain the advantages, disadvantages, and usage examples! Communication supplement
https://www.kenbunsya.jp/commusapu/sdgs/263/ (2022/09/05)
Emergency series: Is limestone paper really eco-friendly? - alterna
https://www.alterna.co.jp/28503/3/ (2022/09/05)
KANAGAWA Upcycle Consortium
https://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/documents/53835/190920_siryou.pdf (2022/09/27)
What is upcycling? A new approach to SDGs that is different from recycling and remake KODANSHA
https://sdgs.kodansha.co.jp/news/knowledge/40580/ (2022/09/27)
Our World in Data
https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels (2024/02/05)

Creating New Living Spaces- New Worlds in the MetaverseID 5107 Ryo Ono
1.SummaryContinued from last year.

2.Backgrounds
The background of this research is that the market has begun to expand rapidly following
META's (formerly Facebook) large investment and focus on the development of the
Metaverse (another living space in virtual reality), in addition to the increasing demand forremote work and other lifestyles that avoid direct contact with people. I would like to discuss
the VR industry and the current challenges it faces.
This theme was chosen because I wanted to think about what the combination of the VR
industry and existing issues could do.
3.purpose and significance of the study
First, let us discuss the research question for this study.
The eternal research question in this study is "What can we do with VR?
However, since the research cannot proceed as it is, we have focused on the situations of"work and school" and have proceeded with the research. As soon as the research iscompleted, we would like to apply it to other fields. We will touch on the specifics in section
4.
Now, in terms of work and school situations, in what kinds of situations can we actually use
the system?
Remote work, as mentioned in section 2, is the most exemplified by video conferencing using
zoom and the like. For example, there are remote classes at schools, as we have done.
Let me explain some of the problems with videoconferencing.
It is difficult to convey facial expressions.
There is no sense of "being there" as in reality.
Gestures and reactions are limited.
I think you can find these problems even if you look for them roughly. In an experiment that
demonstrated "Melavian's Law," a well-known psychological law, the breakdown of
information conveyed to the other person was 7% verbal, 38% auditory, and 55% visual.
Have we conveyed the importance of body language and facial expressions?
If so, why not project yourself onto an avatar in a virtual world instead of a video?

I decided to research "VR conferencing.
4.Research Methods
machinery and tools
・PC(スペックは以下)・CPU Ryzen 5 3500
・GPU GTX1660 SUPER・RAM DDR4 16GB
・ROM SSD512GB
・VR goggles ( made by HTC)
Other peripherals (keyboard, etc.)(1) 3D modeling to build a world that can be used in VRSNS(2) Work using Virtual Desktop(3) Sell (1) at BOOTH, etc.
In (1), as mentioned above, we created the VR world primarily
through 3D modeling.
The reason why we created the world in this way is that a place in
VR is essential for the VR conference mentioned above.
It would have been nice to use the worlds posted by many
volunteers on VRSNS, but I decided to create my own world
because I wanted to use it for my research and because of the rights involved.
It is not that I had no knowledge of modeling at all, but I struggled with it to a certain extent.
I created a simple space that could be used for meetings or desk work, and when I published
it on Twitter, etc., it was used by a small number of people.
The process of publishing the space was to create it in Unity and then post it on VRchat (Iwon't go into the details). (I won't go into the details of the process.)
In this paper, I am working on this paper in VR using Virtual Desktop software. In fact, I am
still working on this paper in VR.https://youtu.be/mVftWPMsxso
Easy to use, even in bed, as long as you have a keyboard and a mouse.
The screen is large and easy to read (distance, angle, and size of the screen are adjustable).
Large screen, easy to read (adjustable screen distance, angle, and size) ・Immersive and easy
to concentrate on
In (3), it is like a continuation of (1). The data created in (1) was sold on BOOTH. The data
created in (1) was sold on BOOTH for free, since it was not something that could be sold formoney. However, it was quite popular and 1,20 people downloaded the data. I would like topublish the data and show how the rooms were actually created.
We are still in the process of developing a system that will allow sharing and viewing slides
and PDFs loaded on VR, although we have notyet introduced this system.https://youtu.be/gV8zjOVi_e0

using UnityEngine;using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Collections;using VRChatAPI;
public class PowerPointController : MonoBehaviour{
public GameObject powerPointPrefab;
private GameObject powerPointInstance;
private VRChatAPI.VRCUiManager vrcUiManager;
void Start(){
VRCSDK2.VRC_SceneDescriptor descriptor = FindObjectOfType<VRCSDK2.VRC_SceneDescriptor>();if (descriptor != null){descriptor.TriggerEvent("OnPlayerJoined", null);}
vrcUiManager = FindObjectOfType<VRChatAPI.VRCUiManager>();}public void ShowPowerPoint(){
if (powerPointInstance == null){powerPointInstance = Instantiate(powerPointPrefab, transform.position, transform.rotation);}
vrcUiManager.ShowScreen("Screen", powerPointInstance);}
public void HidePowerPoint(){
vrcUiManager.HideScreen("Screen");}}
もう1通りあります（Loadコマンド利用）
using UnityEngine;using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Collections;using System.IO;
using System.Diagnostics;
public class PowerPointController : MonoBehaviour{
public Text statusText;
void Start(){
statusText.text = "Ready";}
public void LoadPowerPoint(string filePath){
if (!File.Exists(filePath)){statusText.text = "File not found";return;}statusText.text = "Loading...";
string powerPointPath = Path.GetFullPath(filePath);
Process.Start("POWERPNT.EXE", powerPointPath);statusText.text = "Ready";}}
もう一つ、動作確認のついでにより実践的なものも作成しました。
using UnityEngine;using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Collections;using System.IO;
using System.Diagnostics;
using VRChatAPI;
public class PowerPointController : MonoBehaviour{
public Text statusText;
public GameObject powerPointPrefab;
private GameObject powerPointInstance;
private VRChatAPI.VRCUiManager vrcUiManager;
void Start(){
statusText.text = "Ready";
vrcUiManager = FindObjectOfType<VRChatAPI.VRCUiManager>();}public void LoadPowerPoint(string filePath){
if (!File.Exists(filePath)){statusText.text = "File not found";return;}statusText.text = "Loading...";
if (powerPointInstance != null){
Destroy(powerPointInstance);}
string powerPointPath = Path.GetFullPath(filePath);
Process.Start("POWERPNT.EXE", powerPointPath);
StartCoroutine(WaitForPowerPointToLoad());}
IEnumerator WaitForPowerPointToLoad(){yield return new WaitForSeconds(5);powerPointInstance = Instantiate(powerPointPrefab, transform.position, transform.rotation);
vrcUiManager.ShowScreen("Screen", powerPointInstance);
statusText.text = "Ready";}public void ClosePowerPoint(){
vrcUiManager.HideScreen("Screen");}}

6. conclusions and future tasks
I have been able to connect with many people through SNS and interact with many people
through VRchat and other means.
I was able to literally feel the possibilities of VR through the skin of my avatar or with theskin of my avatar.
Perhaps a future where we no longer need to gather in reality for meetings or classes may bejust around the corner.
Toward such a future, I would like to experience a lot of VR technology and apply it to myresearch as an issue for the future.
I would like to involve other people more in my research.

７．引用文献・参考文献
特に参考にした文献などはない（先行研究がほぼなかった）ので利用したサービスのダウン
ロードURLなどを置いておきます
VRchat公式HP https://hello.vrchat.com/
DLページ https://store.steampowered.com/app/438100/VRChat/
BOOTH https://booth.pm/ja
virtual desktop https://store.steampowered.com/app/382110/Virtual_Desktop/
Blender 3D https://blender.jp/

Wood shock X Vacant house
Transforming Japan from an Excessive Lumber Importer to an Exporter

5108 Obuchi Kosei
Abstract
I conducted a study related to wood shock. I suggest a system which can resolve theproblem. The system that I invented is called “Wood x Vacant house wood reuse system”.
This system is that first the government buys vacant houses all over Japan and has somecompanies demolish houses. Second the government spends money to processing company,
and the company recycles wood from vacant houses. Finally those woods are cheaper thanforeign woods. Consequently, consumers in Japan buy the reused woods on the condition that
foreign woods are expensive. This system will play a role in solving a problem in which
Japan greatly depends on foreign woods despite Japan having a number of fine trees. But,
processing wood costs a lot, such as money, time, and labor costs. So I suggest that theGovernment should subsidize the company to make the product of wood at a lower pricethan foreign wood. Research methods are the internet and books.
Research goal
1 Sustainable Wood Use in Japan
2 Transforming Japan from an Excessive Lumber Importer to an Exporter
Introduction
Today’s world wood prices are increasing. Because of COVID-19, a number of people allover the world had been forced to “Stay Home”. In America and China, which have a large
population, people decided to buy their new houses on this occasion. In these countries thatexport a large amount of these woods, domestic consumption has exceeded exports. As aconsequence , prices for foreign lumber have soared. The most serious problem Japan has isthat good materials such as logs and wood boards are used for biomass power generation.
Apparently,the fact looks like a great use of the system, but the best material for biomass
generation is wood chips with no other option but to throw it away. These good materials
have many uses, including building houses and making crafts.Using materials that have no
use such as wood chips for renewable energy generation is effective, but using materials thathave other uses such as logs and wood boards for biomass power generation is wasteful andnot suitable. The reason why this is happening is that Japan imports too much timber andcannot sell domestically produced, higher-priced timber.So, in these days of wood shock andsoaring overseas timber prices, we thought it would be a good time to take a fresh look at
Japanese timber.I then devised a solution to promote Japanese timber as much as possible andreduce our dependence on timber.

Suggestion
My suggestion is to install a system which is called “Wood Shock X Vacant House Reusing
System”. This system is very simply,
1 The government buys up and demolishes vacant houses all over Japan.
2 The woods which was produced by dismantling are reused and reprocessed for new use
I think this system is vital
because it reduces theamount of high-priced
imported lumber and cancarry some of the burden ofdomestic lumber
consumption.
At this point, some may ask
whether the government candemolish a vacant house in
the first place.The answer tothe question is yes. The lawthat the government candemolish vacant houses wasenacted.By using the system,
we can buy domestic timbermore cheaper than imported
timber.Although this system cannot play a major role of reducing the foreign lumber,
however this install can make a big difference to promote domestic lumber consumption.
Although I have made many good points so far, this system has a very big challenge.

Music Therapy and Depression
Well-being management with music therapy

5109 Kanzawa Yuzuki
Abstract
These days, the rate of depressed people is increasing in developed countries.One in six
people will suffer from depression at some point in their lives. Depression affects our mental
and physical condition.In addition, it leads mood swings, negative thinking, insomnia,
and loss of appetite. WHO said “we need speedy solutions and medical treatment because
depression is the world problem ”. I think there is great significance in improving depression
to reduce the number of suicides, and reduce the number of people who do not go to work or
school. The conclusion is to implenent Well-being management with music theraphy.
Globally, 15% of working-age adults live with a mental disorder, so I suggest wellbeing
management by using music therapy in the workplace to improve depression in the working
generation. Specifically, I suggest listening to classical music.
Introduction
Currently, the number of depressed people is increasing in the world. Depression is the healthcondition in which our brain doesn't function because of mental and health stress andpressure. It is called modern disease and 6 out of 100 people suffer from its effects. The main
symptom is feeling depressed. If you are depressed, you are not interested in everything andfeel strong pressure. Also, it causes insomnia, loss of appetite, losing energy and strong
feelings. These body conditions range from mild to severe. The cause is not found yet.
Difficult foster care experiences, recent life events (stressful events such as divorce,
bereavement, and other losses), and traumatic events (abuse, violence, etc.) are at risk for
depression. It is easy to recur and almost all people suffer from depression for a long time.
Social support has been reported as a protective factor for depression.Although the cause andtreatment methods are not specifically known, psychological treatment and drug therapy aresaid to be effective. In addition, the WHO selected depression as the theme for World Health
Day in 2017. According to a WHO report, as of 2015, 302 million people suffered fromdepression, and it’s about 4% of the world's population. This has increased by 18% compared
to 2005, with Asia the largest share of the population, at over 50 million. It is also city as thesecond reason for the number of suicides.WHO points out that although it is a global
problem, many of them are not receiving correct judgment and treatment,so WHO is callingto take action.Therefore, I want to reduce the number of patients with depression by usingmusic therapy more widely around the world. Then, what is music therapy? It is usingmusic's physiological, and social functions. Music is used intentionally and systematically torecover from physical and mental disorders, maintain and improve functions, improve qualityof life, and change behavior. The main effect of music therapy is mental stability. Using thiseffect, I did my research in relation to depression, which is a unique disease in modern
society.

Discussion and implications
The significant of this research is reducing the number of depressed people, suicide due todepression , truant students and absence. According to the graph of WHO below, as of 2023,
the rate of depressed people around the world is increasing in developing countries.

The number of deaths caused by unipolar depression and bipolar disorder is approximately
10,000 out of 100,000 in each country. According to “mental health at work", 15% ofworking-age adults worldwide have a mental disorder. If effective structures and support are
not in the working place, despite the desire to work, it can affect confidence, enjoyment ofwork, work performance, absences and the ability to find employment.More than half of theworld's workforce works in informal companies with no legal guarantees for health andsafety.These workers may face additional threats to their mental and physical health due to alack of company’s support. In particular, non-regular workers often work in dangerous
working conditions, work long hours, and are likely to be paid less than the average
person.For everyone, the workplace can be a place that enhances or undermines mental
health.A safe and healthy working environment is not only a basic right for all workers, it isalso likely to improve work performance and productivity, and minimize tension andinterpersonal conflicts. On the other hand, a poor working environment can cause stress,
become a risk factor for employment and economic problem after retirement, and for suicide
risk factors due to unemployment.Additionally, only 35% of countries reported having
programs to promote and prevent work-related mental health, according to the WHO.

This shows that this plan is effective and that there are important issues that need to be
improved.This research also emphasizes the importance of social changes that support mental
health in the general community. It promotes early intervention and sustained depression
prevention, especially for those people who have social responsibility at work and school.
As a solution to this problem, I propose that companies around the world actively incorporate
music therapy as part of depression treatment and prevention. Well-being management should
use music therapy. In particular, classical music is said to have a lot of effect.For example, it
decreases blood pressure ,fights depression,boosts memory,sparks creativity,reduces stresslevels, makes you happy ,supercharges brain power and improves productivity.Scientists say
the tempo of classical music is similar to the tempo of the human heart and can reduce
anxiety and depression.In addition, the secretion of dopamine activates the central nervous
system in the brain, increasing brain wave activity that is directly related to memory. Also,music makes repetitive tasks more enjoyable and increases employee productivity.By playing
classical music in the office, it is possible to prevent depression for workers and create acomfortable working environment. In addition, companies can enjoy the following benefits
by using wellbeing management methods such as four classical music therapy.
Firstly, it reduces medical costs.Employee well-being refers to the physical and mental healthof employees at the office and at home,so if you manage this effectively, you can have ahealthy, stress-free and happy team without having to use company health insurance.
Therefore, healthcare costs for the organization are reduced. Secondly, improving employee
productivity. This is part of the general health of the employee regarding their physical,
mental and emotional state. This is because employees can focus better, work more, andachieve the highest productivity and success with the lowest error levels and workplaceabsences. Thirdly, Improve employee morale and loyalty. Employees will identify with aworkplace with the highest moral and loyalty levels. People in their happy, healthy group will
feel appreciated, feel like this is their company, and will go the extra mile to meet company’s
expectations. Finally, making good employer branding,improving brand image and brandprice leads to increasing customer trust. As a result, it leads to a lot of sales.
Having no intention of changing the company means that it is a sign that the company, its
culture, and its culture are in jeopardy to society, customers, potential customers, and eventhe strong talent you are looking for. It is great evidence for public image. In the future, you
may even be able to recruit people from competing companies to join your team.
Therefore, health management helps build desirable brand awareness and exposure at theemployer and corporate level.
Conclusion
The goal of this research is proposing well being management by using classical music tocompanies in the world. I believe that music can improve people's health and reduce the labor
force and suicide rates. However, it is difficult for workers who do precision work andimportant work to use because music sometimes may distrube consentration. Also, I couldn't
find some effective experiments to be persuasive. The effects of music therapy are difficult tofind because it works on human psychology. It is an easy method to carry out, so I wanteveryone to know music is one of the effective and easy ways to prevent depression in ourdaily lives.

References
Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders(WHO) 2023/6/24
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf;js
essionid=B208D0B7B4F645C5310E4367E3D599DD?sequence=1
Taking concerted action to reduce the global burden of depression 2023/11/24
https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/sites/default/files/2022-02/20220216-furukawa-dc36c32bd8e5a9c7
6cd6411a9c091167.pdf
Definition of depression Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare 2023/8/28
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/shingi/2004/01/s0126-5b2.html#:~:text=%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%
89%E3%81%86%E3%81%A4%E7%97%85%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC,%E3%81%AF%E3%81%A3%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A%E3%81%A8%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%80%82
The 5 Hidden Benefits of Employee Wellbeing 2023/12/8
https://www.lpcentre.com/articles/the-5-hidden-benefits-of-employee-wellbeing
10 Shocking Benefits of Listening to Classical Music 2023/12/8
https://takelessons.com/blog/10-shocking-benefits-listening-classical-music-infographic
Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission
2023/12/8
https://www.thelancet.com/commissions/united-action-on-depression
Mental Health at work WHO 2023/11/9
https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/p
ublication/wcms_856976.pdf
WHO mortality database Noncommunicable diseases 2023/12/8
https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/depression-rates-by-country

Ocean pollution spreading around the world
Reduce plastic waste
5110 Kimotsuki Konatsu

Abstract
I am researching the theme of marine pollution. In order to be able to conduct deeper researchon the broad topic of marine pollution, I set a goal to find a problem close to home that is
related to my topic and propose a solution to it. I mainly focused on the current state of
garbage and wastewater, and then turned my attention to materials that can be substituted forplastic as a way to reduce them. Since these are still in the developmental stage and have notyet been commercialized, I am trying to think of other ways to do this.

1 Introduction
The purpose of my research is to learn about marine pollution and achieve the goal of
reducing plastic litter, which is a global problem. I also want to research and spread the word
about what we should be doing to get closer to that goal.

2 Discussion and implication
First, I researched the status of the art regarding ocean pollution. Marine pollution is mainly
caused by garbage and wastewater produced by humans. This causes a loss of habitat forliving creatures and affects marine products. This is a big problem for us.

From this graph, the most common plastic litter in the ocean is fishing lines, plastic bottles,
and aluminum cans. It is clear that humans are directly involved.
There are 150 million tons of plastic waste in the world’s oceans today. I was surprised tolearn that more than 8 million tons are newly accumulated in the oceans every year.
8 million tons is the same weight as 5000 jet airplanes. This is very heavy.

If plastic waste continues to increase at this rate, it will exceed the amount of fish by 2050.

The problem here is that it is impossible to extract. This is because the ocean is very deep. In
addition, as time goes by, plastics break down into smaller and smaller pieces and become
microplastics, which are very small. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to remove anything
but trash floating in the ocean.

so I decided to come up with measures to prevent more plastic waste from accumulating in
the ocean.
The material I will address is called LIMEX. It is an alternative to plastic. LIMEX is made oflimestone. So it is very stable. The big merit is that limestone can be dissolved by rainwater.
As another solution, I thought of a plastic waste collector. I researched it,but it is still in thedevelopment stage, so I could not get much information about it.

3 Conclusion
To get more information and find better solutions. We also want to be able to clearly present
how the solutions we derive will affect us.

4 References[ uni LIMEX | mpuni.co.jp ]https://www.mpuni.co.jp/company/press/20210317-52200.html[ LIMEX detail | kenbunsha ]https://www.kenbunsya.jp/commusapu/sdgs/263/#[ TBM | prtimes.jp ]https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000056.000016815.html[ MOLp® ONLINE STORE | molpec.com ]https://molpec.com/[ Seabin group for cleaner oceans | seabin.co.jp ]https://seabin.co.jp/[ grobal environment | showa sangyo ]https://www.showa-sangyo.co.jp/csr/global-environment/global-environment01.html[ ocean pollution problem | WWF japan ]https://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/basicinfo/3776.html

Music and insomnia
Music therapy enliven economy
5111

Saito Miuna

Abstract
The lack of sleep affects the economy. Insomnia, one of the sleeping disorders, decreases
concentration and motivation. About 10% of the world’s population experience insomnia that
qualifies as a medical condition. Also the treatment to solve insomnia is difficult because
sleeping pills have side effects, so some countries prohibit using sleeping pills. Doctors saythat using sleeping pills is a major treatment but using it for a long time is bad for health.
Also improving lifestyle and sleeping habits without using pills is difficult because thepatients must manage themselves. I think music therapy is the best way to treat insomnia.
Also to avoid feeling sleepy during the day, I think using office music is a good solution.
Through using office music, it can solve the cause of insomnia. Also office music affects not
only insomnia’s patients but also another person, so it connects improving economy.

1 Introduction
Insomnia is a health-related illness. Insomnia causes sleepiness during the day due toinability to get enough sleep at night, loss of concentration, and decreased motivation. The
number of insomnia patients in Japan has more than quadrupled over the past 15 years.
Comparing the number of patients with insomnia per 10,000 population, in 1999 there wereabout 10 patients, but in 2014 there were more than 40. However, the main treatment for
insomnia is medication, which cannot be taken for a long time. That's why I suggest music
therapy instead of drug therapy. In this way, insomnia can be treated more safely.

2 Discussion and implication
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. With insomnia, you may have trouble falling
asleep, staying asleep, or getting good quality sleep. This happens even if you have enoughtime and the good environment to sleep well. Insomnia can get in the way of your daily
activities and may make you feel sleepy during the day.About 10% of the world’s population
experience insomnia that qualifies as a medical condition. The graph below shows change ofsleep disorder patients. According to this graph, the number of sleeping disorder patients are
increasing.

Sleeping disorder affects not only daily life but also the economy. Lack of sleep affects
daily life sleepness, decreases concentration, weakens the immune system,and becomes alifestyle-related disease. Also there are merits about sleeping, for example relief from fatigue,
stress relief and memory retention and so on.
Insomnia is the time when you experience disruptions in how you feel or function because
you aren’t sleeping well. About 10% of the world’s population experience insomnia that
qualifies as a medical condition.
The causes of insomnia can be grouped into four main categories.Specifically,
psychological like feeling stress, physical like disease, mental like anxiety and depression,
pharmacological like medicine, alcohol and caffeine.And insomnia has two types treatments.
One is drug therapy and the other is non-drug therapy. Drug therapy is treatment using
sleeping pills. Non-drug therapy is treatment improving lifestyle and sleeping habits, but
sleeping pills have some problems. First, sleeping pills have a carry-over effect. For example,
sleeping pill’s effects continue the next morning, so they feel sleepy and putter. Also it has
muscle relaxation, so patients may fall down when they stand up. Second, memory problems
that cause blurred memory or forgetting of what was experienced after taking the drug. Thirdis dependency that cannot be calmed down without medication. From this, I think improving
insomnia with music therapy, which has no side effects, rather than drug therapy.
Music therapy draws on the power of music in a therapeutic relationship to manage arange of conditions and improve your quality of life. A music therapist tailors sessions toyour needs. You may sing or play instruments, listen to music or discuss the meaning oflyrics. Therefore you don’t need musical skills, and people of all ages can benefit. Prior
studies have found that music therapy can improve sleep quality. Music that improves sleep
quality is characterized by nature sounds such as murmuring rivers and chirping birds, butlistening to music during sleep may cause more insomnia, so I think office music is the best
therapy to improve insomnia. Therefore, I thought I could devise a way to listen to music
during the day. In order to feel sleepy at the right time at night, I figured that using officemusic during the day would be a good idea.
Music played in the office is songs that come in naturally and are not intended to beheard. Office music can create an environment where you don't feel sleepy during the day byplaying music that wakes you up. There are three effects of playing music in the office.
First is the relaxation effect. Music has been shown to reduce feelings of discomfort.
Previous studies have also noted that listening to music has been shown to decrease
psychological stress and mildly decreased physiological stress. In an experiment to see howoffice workers would change after listening to 30 minutes of background music from theoffice music channel "Concentration: Increasing Workers' Concentration" during work hours,
an increase in body temperature was observed for all employees, and an increase in saliva
production was observed for 86% of them.In addition, the physical changes shown in the
figure below are evidence of stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, indicating ashift from a state of tension to one of relaxation.

Second is the masking effect. The masking effect is "the overlapping of two sounds sothat one of them is harder to hear." When there is no music in the office, one's ears are subject
to the voices of neighbors talking, answering the phone, and sometimes even being scolded.
According to the workplace environment survey, a surprisingly large number of people are
dissatisfied with noise in the workplace, with some stressful comments such as "I can hear
the chatter" and "I can't concentrate because I can hear the phone ringing. Office music
reduces the stress that causes insomnia by making it difficult to hear ambient noise andcreating an environment in which each person can easily concentrate on the work at hand.
Third is to increase concentration. Originally, background music began to be marketed asenvironmental music to improve concentration and productivity, when the Muzak Company
in the U.S. in the 1930s noticed that productivity in offices and factories was increased bybackground music rather than silence.
Office music is good for working and solving the cause of insomnia and if we used music
during work, we would not feel sleepy and that would help enliven the economy. But officemusic is something to keep in mind. When playing music, it is important to carefully
implement volume control. It is also recommended to adjust the volume according to genre.
For example, classical music, which stimulates the brain and improves concentration, tends toplay familiar tunes. If music with a tune you know without lyrics is played, you will not beable to listen to it. Therefore, if you play classical music, it is recommended to set the volume
a little lower. Also, a workplace is not only a space where work is done. For spaces such ascompany cafeterias, break rooms, and restrooms, it is advisable to change the volume andmusic selection for each location. For example, some companies play mid-tempo
instrumental music at a slightly higher volume in the company cafeteria to create a cheerfulatmosphere. On the other hand, it is not uncommon for companies to play nature sounds suchas the murmuring of a river, the sound of waves, or the chirping of birds at a lower volume inbreak rooms. In other words, by adjusting the music selection and volume according to theeffect or purpose you want to achieve through music, you can bring out the best effect. In
addition, having separate music for the work area and other spaces can be helpful inswitching moods. Furthermore, in some cases, music selection and volume are set for eachtime of day. For example, in the morning hours before work, some companies play up-tempo
songs that everyone knows at a louder volume to improve mood, or play a certain song before
lunch. Adjusting the song and volume at different times of the day can have a time
management effect.
From this, if we used office music correctly, we could solve the cause of insomnia and it
connects an enliven economy.

3 Conclusion
The use of music to improve insomnia was found to be effective. I think that office music
can be used as music therapy to help people avoid feeling sleepy during the day. Office music
can also improve the psychological and psychiatric causes of insomnia, and can promote
work efficiency in non-insomniacs. This will allow insomniacs to perform at their best during
the day without being adversely affected. This will also enliven the economy. Office musicshould be chosen to suit the occasion in terms of time and volume.

4 References
Insomnia Economic effects
https://financial-field.com/living/entry-144589#i-3 (2023.6.16)
what is insomnia
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia (2023.11.7)
what is music therapy
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/8817-music-therapy (2023.11.22)
office music volume
https://officebgm-hikaku.info/column/adjustment/#:~:text=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AB%E8%81%B7%E5%A0%B4%E3%81%AB,%E5%A4%A7%E3%8
1%8D%E3%81%95%E3%81%AF%E5%A4%89%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82 (2023.11.22)

The Prevention and Remedy of Depression
Spread the recognition all over the world
ID5112

Sakai Yuta

Abstract
The research question for this study is “what are the effective and practical prevention
against depression, and how can I spread the way to do it?” In the whole world, the numberof patients with depression is increasing now, and the only thing I can suggest is to broaden
the recognition and how to prevent depression. The way of prevention is by resting,relaxing,
doing what they like, for example,hobbies,and so on. Another effective way of prevention
will be considered. And now I search for the remedy for it because my research with only
prevention seems low quality.

1.Introduction
Now there are a lot of patients of depression, and the pandemic of COVID-19 maycontribute to increasing the number of them. Actually, I had researched the problem of thestudents who refuse to go to school,and found that mental diseases are something to do withrefusing to go to school. However I did not have enough time to verify that, so I started thisresearch.
And in this research, I mainly focused on the prevention of depression in advanced countries
because in developing countries, there are too many things that I cannot change(ex.theshortage of doctors, bad financial situation, and so on).
In this research, I set the research question, “what are the effective and practical prevention
against depression, and how can I spread the way to do it”. In my opinion, mental stress may
be relevant to developing depression, so getting rid of it may reduce the risk of developing
this disease.
In this research, I only use the Internet to search for information. This can cause a lack oftrust for it, so I had to rely on the specialists who are worth being trusted, but that is too late
now…

2.Discussion and Implication
ⅰ.The present circumstance of theworld
In the whole world, the number ofpatients with depression is increasing
every year, and now there are nearly 300
million of them on the earth.

Surprisingly, the rate of the patients who are cared for is only one-third of all in developing
countries, and one-second in even advanced countries, so a lot of patients cannot take anytreatments. And what is worse, there are few doctors who have the correct information ofdepression in developing countries, as shown by diagram 1.
But though it is a big problem, I judged I could not resolve this situation as I had no idea how
to increase the number of doctors in developing countries at the beginning of this research, so
I focus on countries that are similar to Japan in terms of economy.
ⅱ.What is depression
The factor of this disease is not clarified very much, but it is said that keeping feelingstressed may increase the risk of onset. So every person regardless of region, raccoon, andprofession may cause it. Additionally, women are more likely to get depression than men, andthe number of patients of women is 1.6 times larger than that of men. When pregnant women
get this disease, they are called postpartum depression style.
The existion of patients has impacts on not only themselves and their family but also thewhole society. That’s because the onset often occurs in school days and those who are in theprime of their career, and the treatment, and the loss that would not happen if the patients
worked cost so much. Reuters announced that we will lose 16 trillion dollars from 2010 to2030 unless there are no countermeasures.
ⅲ.How to care depression
This disease appears differently among individuals, so patients need many kinds oftreatment. However, the main factor is mental stress, so patients have to get rid of the causeof it. In addition, the prevention of depression is the same,too. To do so, taking rest and being
absorbed in hobbies are cruel.And especially, medication is almost vital to treatment.
Also, for depression, it is very important that others, such as patient’s families,
colleagues,even doctors, and so on, understand about this disease, and cooperate withpatients. To complete this, correct knowledge about depression is essential. Depression is adisease, so the patients cannot treat only themselves. However, this fact is likely notrecognized in developing countries because of the lack of the number of doctors, as diagram1
shows you. For example, in Guinea, only 5 doctors are there though there are 13.5 billion
people in the country.
What is worse, developing countries have less enough money to hire doctors, so the only
way to solve this problem is financial help, I think.

3.Conclusion
Now, I can only suggest spreading awareness about depression, such as thesymptoms,treatment,remedy, and etc. In advanced countries, there are more opportunities toknow about this disease than before, but they may not learn the details. Needless to say,people in developing countries don’t recognize a lot. So my assignment from now is what isthe effective way to make people be aware of deep understanding about depression. This
seems like a very difficult task to achieve.

4.References
国際的な精神保健の開発 2022/05/09
2017年世界保健デーのテーマは「うつ病」です。2022/05/11
世界の約10億人が精神疾患、新型コロナでうつ病患者が激増
世界で精神疾患が増加、2030年までに16兆ドルの損失も＝研究 | ロイター（2022/09/05）
うつ病の治療費はどのくらい？〜うつ病は薬物療法だけではない！？（2022/10/05）
世界・人口10万人あたりの総合病院の精神病床数ランキング（2022/10/17）
開発途上国の分類（2022/10/17）「世界と日本と自分のうつ病」 2022/11/16
Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders 2022/11/16
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Avoiding unemployment by digitalization
Make a world which people don't have trouble working
ID 5113

氏名 Shuma Sato

Abstract
The motivation for this research is that I was concerned about our future when I learned about
the decrease in employment due to digitalization in the news.
The purpose of this research is to develop a solution to avoid the problem of unemployment
due to digitalization, and to ensure that Japan's economy and public safety will continue todevelop in a secure order even if technology related to AI is developed in the future.
As a result of this research, I got various information such as the fact that Japan had createdjobs by revitalizing tertiary industries in response to changes in the unemployment ratecaused by the collapse of the bubble economy and the Lehman Shock. And the problem ofyoung people giving up their jobs early, which is called "753 leaving work," has not been
resolved yet. In addition, information on the issue of unemployment shown by IT indicatesthat the human resources required by companies have changed over the past few years. It
means that some jobs will disappear and others will be created as a result of the shift to IT.
Based on the above, the temporary solutions considered were to train young people to adapt
to IT, to create jobs by taking advantage of created jobs, and to enhance support so that even
if a person loses their job, they can immediately find a new one.

Back groundI became interested in unemployment when I saw a news report of the unemployment
problem caused by the COVID-19. The news showed that people who own restaurants andother businesses were forced to close their stores due to poor business performance.
Unemployment is a problem not only in Japan, but also in most countries around the world. I
felt that it would be a waste to lose a job that one has taken the trouble to get, so I did someresearch on this topic. and I learned that the issue of unemployment due to digitalization has
become a main topic recently. I felt that the social problems that are feared in the futuresociety are worth solving, so I decided to conduct research with the aim of preventing theoccurrence of unemployment problems due to the use of information technology.

Purpose
The research question is what measures should be taken to avoid the unemployment problem
caused by IT. If we can come up with a solution to this problem, we will be able to preventthe deterioration of public safety and economic decline caused by the increase in
unemployment in Japanese society in the future.

The graph above shows the unemployment rate in Japan: after the bursting of the bubble
economy in the 1990s, the unemployment rate exceeded 5%, then settled down and declined,
but then the Lehman Shock of 2008 coincided, and the unemployment rate rose again to 5%.
The generation of the unemployed at that time was mainly young people in their 20s, and amismatch between companies and job seekers was cited. Furthermore, a high percentage ofthe unemployed were voluntarily quitting their jobs, and the term "753 job leavers" wascoined out of concern that among newly hired graduates, 70% were middle school graduates,
50% were high school graduates, and 30% were university graduates.
Measures were taken to solve these problems, such as increasing employment mainly in thetertiary sector, and when the unemployment rate gradually dropped and stabilized at around
2%, a pandemic of a new type of coronavirus infection occurred, and the unemployment rate
has risen to nearly 3% in the past few years. This is the present.
The unemployment problem also affects the macroeconomy (the economy of the country as awhole). As the number of people not working increases, social productivity declines, andconsumption levels, tax revenues, and social insurance income also decline, creating a
vicious cycle. In addition, the income gap between the rich and the poor will widen, and therich will end up monopolizing profits. If this happens, it would be hard to say that it will notlead to the wealthy gaining power. Therefore, solving the unemployment problem will help
protect the world economy in the future.
As I mentioned in my previous discussion of the reasons for unemployment, I investigatedwhether the causes of the unemployment problem have changed in recent years.

What caught my attention was the issue of the continued recognition of the term sevenfive-three turnover, the problem of new hires leaving the workforce too soon, which remains
a problem. This is a serious problem related to the future employment of the younger
generation. Among the seven-five-three job turnover, the number of cases of new hires who
immediately leave their jobs after graduating from junior high and high school has decreased
by approximately 20%, but the turnover rate of college graduates has not changed comparedto the 1990s and 2000s, when the term was first coined. When examining the reasons forleaving their respective jobs, there was always a reason that the job was not a good fit for allgroups, and while the junior and senior high school graduates had other reasons for not being
able to work due to unavoidable circumstances, such as family reasons or higher education,
the university graduates had other reasons that came from conflicts with their own wishes,such as human relations and the work environment.
To avoid mismatches in the workplace, the respondents were advised to familiarize
themselves with the work environment by having a mentor or by providing adequate training,
and to explain their wishes in detail.
Next, the causes of the unemployment problems due to IT are summarized again.
First, the number of general clerical workers has decreased as IT has made operations more
efficient. According to data from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 34.1% of thecompanies surveyed said that the number of employees had decreased. Furthermore,companies now require personnel with basic IT literacy and IT skills as part of their humanresource needs.
In addition, some restaurants and other establishments are beginning to employ AI robots to
replace store clerks, raising concerns about further job losses.

On the other hand, however, if we are creative, we can create many new jobs, such as drone
pilots, virtual creators, data investigators, and, for something a little different, walking andtalking companions, as new occupations that are likely to increase in demand when the use of
IT advances.
In addition, jobs that require sophisticated skills, such as salespeople, customer service,hairdressers, childcare workers, and other occupations that require communication withpeople, as well as craftspeople and builders who create traditional crafts, will not be affected
as much, since they require humans to do the work.
Thus, we have learned that IT has an aspect of job creation as well as job loss, but it would
be unreasonable to say that you should become a drone pilot because there are no moreclerical jobs.
Therefore, I think we should turn our attention to the development of young people whowill enter society in the future. In Finland, which ranks at the top in international comparative
studies of academic achievement, students' academic ability is improved from elementary
school through small class sizes, high-level teachers, emphasis on experiential learning, andearly education. Although not to the same extent, I felt that in Japan, IT skills and IT literacy
should be taught more in the upper grades of elementary school so that young people cankeep up with the IT trend, which should be a top priority.

In addition, I also think that career path education should be enhanced to prevent job
mismatches, and employment insurance should be optimized to facilitate reemployment in
the event that a person loses his/her job.
In addition, through my visit to companies in Singapore, Pasona, I learned that, with regard
to the development of young human resources, it is important to educate them to be interested
in future changes in the world and to have an eagerness to learn, and to nurture humanresources with flexible thinking.

Conclusion
The study concluded that one of the first things to be done is to develop young humanresources adapted to IT, to create jobs in foreign countries by using newly created jobs, and to
improve support so that if they should lose their jobs, they can immediately find new ones.
To be a world citizen, we have to grasp the situation in the world and discuss solutions
constantly.

References
・alumnnavi
https://alumnavi.com/753phenomenon/
・homepage of Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/index.html
・book of world economy
https://ecodb.net/exec/trans_image.php?type=WEO&d=LUR&c1=JP&s=&e=・The Adecco grouphttps://www.adeccogroup.jp/power-of-work/vistas/adeccos_eye/34/03

Review Japanese medical insurance system~More accessible system to Japanese~
5114 Sawada Hina
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to reduce the burden of medical costs. I am interested innursing and public health so I started learning about the Japanese insurance system. Japan
has a “universal health insurance system”. This reduces the burden of expensive medical
expenses in case of illness or accident. Everyone is able to receive appropriate medical care.
Nowadays Japan has a ‘Low birthrate and aging society’, the burden of medical expenses forthe elderly, which are supported by the working-age population, is increasing. So how do wekeep costs down? I think medical expenses should be free for children under the age of 18. It
is a good effective ‘low birthrate and aging society’. we can increase the Japanese birth rateand support the next generation. I also suggest a "registration system" like in most countries.
It can reduce waiting time and costs. I believe that the cost can be reduced by improving theefficiency of medical care. As for current medical costs, we would like to improve theefficiency of medical care through ICT and robotics. How to make medical care more
efficient is a future issue.

1 Introduction
I am interested in nursing and public health nursing so I started learning about theJapanese insurance system. This reduces the burden of expensive medical expenses in case ofillness or accident. Everyone is able to receive appropriate medical care so the JapaneseInsurance medical level and average life keeps one of the best levels in the world. Nowadays
Japan has a ‘Low birthrate and aging society’ (graph 1), medical costs for the elderly will
increase (graph 2). I found that the disadvantage of the system's youth bearing the cost of
medical care is outstanding; I thought that the current system will be difficult to support in
the future because of the high cost of medical care for the elderly, which is supported by theworking-age population up to the age of 65. I also think this is a serious problem because
Japan has the world's oldest population (graph 3). Therefore, I would like to propose that weinvestigate insurance systems in other countries and improve them by adopting a system thatfits the Japanese current situation.

graph 1graph 2graph 32 Discussion and implications
The National Health Insurance Law was enacted in 1958, and the universal healthinsurance system began in 1961. Before this system began, Japan had the social disadvantagethat people such as those who were self-employed or engaged in agriculture needed large
sums of money for medical expenses. It meant that they could not receive medical care withpeace of mind. At that time, only 1/3 of the population was enrolled in the system, so auniversal health insurance system was made. As a result, most people joined. Now almost
100% of the Japanese population is enrolled. The advantage of this system is that we do notneed to pay a full amount of medical bills. For example, the elderly over 70 years old pay
20% of their medical expenses, those over 75 years old pay 10%, those under 70 years old
pay 30% and 60%, those under 70 years old pay 30%. The remaining is paid to medical
institutions from contributions collected from the public, companies, and local governments.

On the other hand, the disadvantage is the collapse of the system by the low birthrate andaging population (graph 4). It rose by 180,000 yen in 30 years (graph 5).
graph 4graph 5The burden on the working generation is heavy so the government has been trying to
improve the efficiency of medical care. For example, online consultations, electronic medical
records, and vaccinations. However, these measures do not seem to have made a significant
improvement so I want to think that appropriete medical care for us. I found a system thatsuits Japan.

Country: Japan
System: Public universal health insurance, free access system
Medical expenses: Public universal health insurance.The Japanese social security systemaims to provide relief to people who have become vulnerable.
Country: United Kingdom
System: Registration system.When a patient becomes ill, they first consult their family doctor
who has been decided upon in advance.
Medical expenses: freeCountry: U.S.A.
System: Only "Medicare" and "Medicaid" care system.
Medicare...For all people aged 65 and over.
Medicaid...For the people who need money to live.
Medical expenses: Depends on insurance
Country: France
System: Reimbursement system.Patients pay all medical expenses, of which about 75-85% islater reimbursed by insurance.They have to pay for their own medical expenses once.

Medical expenses: Public universal health insurance 75-85% of medical expenses are paid by
insurance.
Country: Germany
System: Universal health insurance
Medical expenses: Public 90% , National Health Insurance 10%
Country：Sweden
System: Social security system
Medical expenses: Through a tax system.Almost all systems are directed toward the working
age population, including childcare, education, and parental leave benefits.

The term "free access" refers to the fact that patients themselves are free to choose thehospital or clinic they wish to visit. While it is commonplace in Japan, there are few countries
with well-developed medical systems that have adopted a free-access system. It is said that itis quite rare to see a doctor like in Japan. On the other hand, in other countries, it is a"registration system. After seeing a family doctor, a patient can ask for a letter of introduction
and then go to a larger hospital for consultation. The national government and the Japan
Medical Association define a family doctor as follows. The national government and theJapan Medical Association define a family doctor as "a doctor who can be consulted about
anything, is well versed in the latest medical information, can refer patients to specialists andspecialized medical institutions when necessary, and has the overall ability to take charge ofcommunity medicine, health, and welfare in a familiar and dependable manner. Which of thetwo is more acceptable to the Japanese people and reduces the cost of medical care?
Considering the roles and costs of clinics such as medical examinations and university
hospitals like treatment of serious illnesses and hospitalization, I think it would be a goodidea for Japan to register family doctors. This will reduce the waiting time for patients to visit
large hospitals, since they cannot go to a large hospital without a doctor's referral. This would
reduce the burden of visits to hospitals.
Then, how to reduce costs ? Based on the previous [summary of healthcare systems invarious countries], I think we should adopt Sweden's tax-based public health and medical
services. The system is aimed at the "working-age" population and is free of charge for thoseunder the age of 18. At first glance, this may seem more burdensome than the current system,
as it requires more taxes to be collected, but I think it is a good countermeasure for the
declining birthrate in Japan. We believe that costs can be made less burdensome by focusing
on improving the efficiency of medical care. Improving the efficiency of medical careinvolves changing the medical and long-term care delivery system and program, and utilizing
ICT and robotics.

3 Conclusion
A registration system that eliminates the need for anyone to see a doctor at a large
hospital multiple times would be more efficient because it would allow patients to be seen by
their family doctor at the appropriate medical facility. This would prevent congestion, makemedical examinations smoother and less time-consuming, and reduce costs. In addition, by
making medical care free for children under the age of 18, as in Sweden, the goal is to raise
Japan's birth rate and support the next generation. As for current medical costs, we would liketo improve the efficiency of medical care through ICT and robotics. How to make medicalcare more efficient is a future issue.
4 References
https://hoken-all.co.jp/hoken/kokuminkaihokenseido/
国民皆保険制度をわかりやすく解説｜今後の課題や海外との違い 9/5
https://www.med.or.jp/people/info/kaifo/compare/
日本と諸外国の医療水準と医療費 9/5
http://www.ntvkenpo.jp/member/outline/system04.html「医療費助成制度」とは？ 10/5

https://www.hws-kyokai.or.jp/images/book/chiikiiryo-2.pdf
地域の医療と介護を知るために－わかりやすい医療と介護の制度・政策－ 第 2 回 日本の医療制度はイギリスやアメリカと違う？ 11/2
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/shakaihosho/iryouseido01/dl/info02d-37.pdf
医療費の一部負担(自己負担)割合について 11/7
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/wp/hakusyo/kaigai/08/dl/22.pdf［各国にみる社会保障施策の概要と最近の動向（アメリカ・イギリス）］ 11/19
https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/kids/hatten/page13.htm
税の国際比較 11/19
https://mirasus.jp/sdgs/health-wellbeing/5671
スウェーデンの社会保障の特徴と日本とアメリカとの違い 12/5
https://job.minnanokaigo.com/news/kaigogaku/no1201/「日本医師会vs政府」かかりつけ医の制度化をめぐる対立関係を読む 12/18
https://financial-field.com/tax/entry-131379
日本の税金は高いの？世界の税金と比較 12/18
https://www.jcer.or.jp/blog/tanakahideaki20181114.html
病院の混雑解消、フリーアクセスを見直して質とコストを改善しよう 12/18
http://www.gaihoren.jp/gaihoren/public/medicalcost/html/index.html#:~:text=%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8C%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E5%8C%BB%E7%99%82%E8%B2%BB%E3%81%AF%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AB%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8,%E3%81%AE1%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%80%82
日本の医療費について 12/18
https://medical.nikkeibp.co.jp/leaf/all/blog/nhc/202001/563853.html#:~:text=%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%
A8%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%8C%E9%80%B2%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B%E5%8C%BB%E7%99%82,%E5%8A%B9%E7%8E%87%E5%8C%96%E2%94%80%E2%94%80%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%80%82
医療現場の「業務効率革命」はこんなにスゴイ！ 12/22

The system to save the poor
~Steady income by the food value chain~
5115 Shimoda Kodai

Abstract
The reason why I started this study is that most of the poor live in farming villages. I
thought I could save the poor if they improved the lifestyle of farming. In order to promote
my study, I utilized the library and the internet and I examined the lifestyle of farming suited
to specific areas in detail. In my study, I focused on the area of South Asia and Africa
because the areas have more people who are poor than any other countries in the world.
When the poor do farming and ship their crops, they have been traded cheaper than usual
price on the market. The poor can’t get money which is worth the cost because of this fact.
Therefore I think improving the route of distribution is most important to make their life
better. I regard agricultural recognition as the best way for this purpose. I suggest aorganization to sell agricultural products in bulk to reliable companies. I also focused on
added value which is one of the elements of the food value chain. In rural areas, using a large
amount of agricultural chemicals and trying difficult farming methods are not suited topeople because they don’t have much money.So I think breeding chickens and growing crops
by using fertilizer made from the chicken’s droppings are good. The organic vegetables
which people made by the farming method I suggested have added value. In addition,
chickens cost them a few to raise and it takes a few times to get the effect of improving sandby the droppings.

1.Introduction
The reason why I started this study is that most of the poor are living in agricultural areas,
and I think I can save them by improving agricultural methods. For example,
Japan has some land which nobody uses, but they can be useful places if we try to do farming
there. I think the poor can improve their lives if they devise a way to do agriculture more
efficiently as well as the Japanese example. In dry areas, people grow specific crops which
don’t need a lot of water because of lack of it. However, there are other ways to grow crops
effectively without using a lot of water such as water saving agriculture. On other hands,
most of such methods cost a lot of money, and it is hard for the poor. Therefore I want to look
for an agricultural method without costing much which doesn't require high technology. In
addition, I would try to look for a route where the poor can sell their crops. I set the goal of
study that I find the system or the way in which the poor can earn enough money to live theirlives and find the route to sell their crops to reliable companies. I think this study will enable
the poor to get a job if I can find the ways in which those who have little land and few
implements to do agriculture can grow their crops.

2.Discussion and implications
There are a lot of poor in the world. The world bank defined the people who live on thenational poverty line as the poor, and the number of this gets seven billion now.
Most of the poor live in rural areas and they can’t live decent lives because of various
problems.

【The area where there are some of the poor】※The darker the color, the higher the poverty rate.
The areas which have a lot of poor people are in Africa and South India mainly.For the
instance, in South Africa, the people who can be useful as social workers can’t be produced
because of the lack of education. Second,economic disparity due to government corruption.
Third, difficulty in obtaining foreign currency due to lack of exports to compete with othercountries.In addition, there are other problems such as health infrastructure with slow
diffusion,civil war, terrorism. Similarly, there are some problems in South Asia. First,Coffee
beans, a major agricultural crop, are bought at a low price and producers do not receive
adequate income. Second,The government is not working well due to the demonstration , so
it is unable to improve infrastructure , and they can't make some policies to improve the livesof poor people. Third, because of lack of irrigation,their yields vary with the weather andtheir income is unstable.Of course, several organizations are working to solve these
problems, including NPOs and NGOs in Africa and JAFS in Asia, but they have yet to solve
the underlying problems.
I thought if we could work to support and improve the agriculture of the rural population, we
could reduce the number of poor people because of the fact that most of the poor live in rural
areas. I think there are some reasons why the poor people can’t earn enough money to live.
First, it is difficult for them to get land, seedlings
and kits to do agriculture. Second, they can’t get proper revenue because of lack of
distribution channel. I thought we should first be aware of the 'food value chain', which
includes both distribution channels and the added value that is created through them.

I show the problem that coffee beans, a major agricultural crop, are bought at a low price andproducers do not receive adequate income. This is because there is not enough demand andpopularity for coffee beans produced in South Asia in order to compete internationally.Added
value greatly relates with demand of the international community and popularity of it. Crops
could have added value by organic and new varieties of vegetables, high quality and so on.
Poor people can only farm a limited amount of land. I think it is important to grow crops
which have added value in order to get more income from limited land.Concretely, I supposethat it is good to grow organic vegetables which are raised with chicken droppings. I havethree reasons why I think so. First, they produce nutritious eggs which are good for the healthof poor people. Second, chickens don’t cost people to raise such as cheap cages and cheap
disease prevention. Third, chicken droppings have the immediate effect as a fertilizer. I will
suggest the concrete way. First, keeping chickens and using their droppings to plow the field.
Second, grow and harvest organic vegetables in the fields. Finally, you use some harvested
vegetables as chicken feed. It is a good way in terms of the organic cycle. Increasing thenumber of farmers who grow organic crops causes the improvement of the added value ofthem. However, in recent years, even if a farmer calls himself an organic farmer, the animals
that emit the droppings used to fertilize in his fields often eat feed containing large amountsof pesticides.
The crops prevailed as organic ones even if they contain some pesticides. So their added
value will be greater by growing organic crops in the true sense of the word.
Next, I will suggest the appropriate distribution channels.Since selling to commercial buyers
can be a risky business, because the crops the poor people grew often are sold at cheaper
prices than the appropriate ones. I think it would be a good idea to form an agricultural groupthat brings together the poor of the area and sell the group's harvest to a reputable company.If
an agricultural organization is established, even the poor who have difficulty learning
agricultural techniques can learn them. What is more, if there are a few educators in theorganization, they can also lend and borrow machinery, tools, land, and so on. However, there
are some problems with the idea of creating an agricultural organization, and we would liketo make corrections in the future as we confront these problems.

3.Conclusion
At the present stage, the issues are land for farming, marketing channels for crops, educatorsof agricultural technology, and the creation of agricultural organizations.The first thing toconsider is the issue of agricultural organizations.There are three problems. The first is about
how to collect the crops harvested by the poor in one place.If the poor are gathered in one place, we
can collect them by car and so on. But if not, we have to think about how to collect the crops.The
second issue is about the money that is needed to rent things to the group to get those things.Third, theproblem of how and where to hire staff.We need to figure out whether to recruit from the outside of thepoor or from the poor.

4.References
food value chain https://www.jica.go.jp/publication/mundi/1808/201808_02_02.html
Areas of high poverty

https://gooddo.jp/magazine/poverty/africa_poverty/2171/

Poverty in South Asia and Africa
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/poverty/asia_poverty/5060/#:~:text=%E5%8D%97%E3%82%A
Activities aimed at solving poverty https://gooddo.jp/magazine/poverty/africa_poverty/66/
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/poverty/africa_poverty/2171/

Child care reform~For women’s progress~
ID 5116 Sugibayashi Hasumi
Abstract
I have been doing this research since last year. It is difficult for women to both work andchild care in Japan now. This time, I wanted to consider a system that would reduce theburden on mothers. I researched the Chinese system. I found that the Chinese system is not
sufficient, but the burden on mothers is low because they can rely on a lot of support from
grandparents. I thought that it would be possible to reduce the burden on mothers byproviding such a system of support for grandparents. Therefore, I propose the idea of
establishing a compact city that specializes in child care. It builds necessary facilities in acompact city such as nursery schools and supermarkets. As a result, the place where living
and growing becomes very close, so they can receive good support in the local area and theburden is decreased. It also saves time so they can gain relaxation time. As a problem, I
should think about some rules in the complex to prevent trouble between the residents.
1 Introduction
I wanted to consider a system that reduces the burden on mothers. Since last year, I havebeen researching how to improve the Japanese childcare systems. As a result, I focused on a
local cooperative system called Family Support Center. The conclusion was creating an app
to make the system easier for everyone to use. However, this system did not ease theiranxiety of leaving their children with a stranger even if they are local people.
I set a research question:What is needed for women to balance work and child care? The
employment rate of women in Japan is increasing. They are making good progress in society.
However it is difficult to take childcare leave for men and some people have prejudice forworking women. Because of these factors, about half of women quit their jobs when theygive birth. To solve this problem, it is necessary to consider what is needed by mothers tobalance their work and childcare with their sense of security. I thought that if I could create asystem that values connections among mothers and helps each other, it would help reduce theburden on them.
2 Discussion and implications
I believe that the current system is not enough for mothers to balance work and child care in
Japan. In Finland, a country known for its advanced child care system, such as education andschool lunch fees are exempted, and child care support is available. There is a local
government organization called "Neuvola" that provides facilities and services for child care.
When a woman realizes that she is pregnant, she first informs Neuvola. Neuvola provides
services from the time the pregnancy to the child turns six years old.
There is a good system of childcare leave in Finland. It is common for men to take childcare
leave. It would be nice if Japan could adopt a system like Finland's, but Finland's system issupported by high taxes. Therefore, I thought it would be difficult to set up a support system
like the Finnish in Japan.
Next, I examined efforts in China. Since China's period of rapid economic growth, women's
employment has increased. As a result, it is common for married couples to both work. As in
Japan, balancing work and child care has become an issue. However, in China, grandparents
often help their mothers. If both parents are busy with work, grandparents take care of their
grandchildren. It is common for grandparents to provide support. Mothers do not have to giveup work. This graph1 shows that in Japan, the employment of women aged 25 to 44 is
declining, because they must quit their job to take care of their children. While in China it is
not declining and has remained constant. This means that with close support, mothers do notneed to quit their jobs.

graph1
I consider the Chinese way of child care to be ideal. However, in Japan, the number offamilies whose grandparents live near or together is decreasing. Therefore, I decided to create
an environment that mothers can receive support from people close to them, which is not
limited to grandparents.
Therefore, I researched compact cities. This focuses on the reduction of the burden to timesavings. The advantage of this is that transportation and use of facilities become more
efficient. Building a compact city will provide easy access to public, commercial, andmedical facilities. You will be able to use inexpensive public transportation. This will
increase convenience by reducing costs. Also, the limited areas of the city will allow for good
services to be provided. It is expected to improve services and make their lives easier. In
recent years, the number of nuclear families is increasing. It is difficult to connect with eachother. However, compact cities can promote community building by allowing people insimilar situations to live around them.
3 Conclusion

I propose the formation of a super-compact city dedicated to child care. This is a smaller
version of the normal compact city. This is an apartment complex where nursery schools,
supermarkets, etc. are built. In this complex, people who are raising children will be given
priority to live there. In addition, the nursery schools should be limited to residents of thecomplex. Another advantage is that it will make it easier for the community to cooperate witheach other. Many mothers suffer from feelings of isolation during child care. Residents of thesame housing complex can easily pick up and drop off children at the daycare center or do
the shopping on their behalf. Since the location is limited, it is also easier to utilize shuttle
buses and mobile sales. People thought they could save more time. If a system like a family
support center limited to the apartment complex could also be created there, it would allow
for more cooperation.
The problem with family support centers is that the person who takes care of the childrenchanges every time. Mothers feel anxious because they do not know if they can be trusted totake care of their children. However, if a community could be formed, I thought it would besafe to use the center.
The cost of building this compact city will be paid for by the company that will build it in theapartment complex. Most residents of the complex will use the stores located in the complex.
The clientele is also limited to child care consumers, making it easy to research consumption.
The company will definitely make a profit. Therefore, I thought it would be worth investingin the company.
There are some problems. It is essential to investigate how much demand is for thissuper-compact city among working mothers. It is also necessary to come up with rules within
the complex, because there is a possibility of trouble between residents.I will now consider
what methods to use for research and what rules will be most effective.
4 References
Child Care in Finland
https://finlandabroad.fi/web/jpn/ja-finnish-childcare-system（5/5）

Institutional Analysis in 10 Major Countries
https://www.gender.go.jp/kaigi/senmon/syosika/siryo/pdf/sy05-1_1.pdf （5/10）

Effects of Grandparental Childcare Participation on Child Development: Japan and China
https://www.ritsumeihuman.com/essay/essay-2471/ （8/30）
Efficiency through aggregation
https://www.mlit.go.jp/hakusyo/mlit/h25/hakusho/h26/html/n1213000.html （9/26）
Creating a living environment conducive to the birth and upbringing of children
https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/meeting/outline/k_1/s2_3mlit.html （11/4）
Results of the 2020 National Survey on Family Support Center Activities
https://www.jaaww.or.jp/securewp/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/report_family_support_reiwa
2.pdf （12/1）
Social Factual Data Catalog
http://honkawa2.sakura.ne.jp/1500.htm （12/5）
What is Needed for a Bright Child Care Environment - Current Issues and Expected Policies
Naoki Yokota, Senior Researcher, Design for Living Research Department Kyohei Sasaki,
Researcher, Design for Living Research Department
https://www.myri.co.jp/publication/myilw/pdf/myilw_no88_feature_3.pdf （12/16）

Food Waste Problem in the World
We can solve global warming by decreasing food waste
5117 Suzuki Toshiya
Abstract
Many people have heard about “food loss”, but we could not understand this meaning. In
Japan, it is generally called “food loss”, but we call it “food waste” too. Food loss is throwing
food away that we can still eat. It has two bad influences. First, we used a lot of money when
we dispose of food. If we dispose of the food, we use 3 million yen. Second, when we disposeof food, we discharge a lot of CO₂. It discharges 8% CO₂ of all CO₂ emissions.
These days, there are many problems in the world, but I think the environmental problem isthe most important. The most famous problem is global warming. We can solve this problem
by CO₂ emission, so I think if we decrease food loss, we can solve global warming.
My research corresponds to the SDGs goal 12, “Responsible Production and Consumption”.
The most important thing is we stopped food loss and global warming, so we are necessary tosolve this problem. We change the consciousness of world problems explicitly and we mustput a plan into action. If we attain this goal, not only we will solve food loss and global
warming, but also we will solve various problems. In conclusion, we will be able to solve
food loss, and we will save the world.
Coupled with food loss, developing countries hold postharvest problems. Meaning of thepostharvest loss, we couldn’t eat when they make food or carry a stand. There are problems inproduction and distribution. Looking to the world, postharvest loss is more serious than foodloss.
1 Introduction
Food loss has many disadvantages, so we need to solve this problem. We dispose of food,
which has a bad effect on the environment. Until now, they said food loss has a bad effect, but
it doesn’t matter to others. This research focuses on food and environment, and solves
problems with each other. Some professors research food loss, but their conclusions are notused now. That said, this research gives a concrete conclusion. Another key thing toremember is that not only suggestions, I want to act on this conclusion.
One of the goals is to decrease food loss. The project is still at the stage. First I knew Foodloss. The word's meaning and state now. Second, I think about what we want to do. This
research often uses the Internet for information.
2 Discussion and ImplicationsFirst, I searched to make food for a year. As a result, about 4 billion foods are made in one
year. But we lost 1.3 billion foods. We lost one-third of the food in the world.If we think of
the 8 billion population in the world now, we have enough food for the whole population.
That said if we solve food loss, we achieve one of the SDGs goals. Another key thing toremember is we solve poverty. SDGs 12 goal is “Responsible Production and Consumption”.
Above all, the most important problem is 12.3 “Halve per capita food waste”. The targetspecific plan is “Halve global per capita food waste at the retail and consumption level by
2030 and reduce food losses in the production and supply chain, including post-harvest
losses”. We must attain this plan by 2030. Therefore, we change consciousness. In Japan,
about 40% of food waste is leftovers. The leftover food is a major food loss problem. Other
food waste is cooking scraps such as possible. Eliminating cooking scraps requires thedevelopment of science and technology, which is difficult. However, if we lose food loss tochange consciousness, we can decrease this. Food loss is especially high in places where large
numbers of people gather. For example, banquets, weddings, and hotels. Because thesemeetings are often beret style meals, so many meals are prepared, resulting in food waste.
Therefore, it is necessary not to make too many such occasions. I think it would be better tostop the buffet system and adopt a system of ordering individual items.
We would like to introduce one example of the current situation of food loss in Japan. As of
2000, Japan had just under 10 million ton grams, from there it has continued to decline year
after year. The amount of food loss has been reduced to 5.22 million tons in 2020, which isabout 300,000 ton-grams away from the 2030 goal. There are many reasons for this result,and I believe one of them is that the Japanese government made the law. Specifically, the Law
for Promotion of Food Loss Reduction and Food Recycling promulgated in 2019. This law
may have raised public awareness in no small measure. However, this law is likely not wellknown to the public. There are numerous people, including myself, who do not even know thelaw was created unless they research it or are interested in it. Therefore, I think it is necessary
to make the public more aware of the negative effects of food loss.

Public Relations Office - Government of Japan
3 Conclution
Food loss is not only a "waste" of food, but also has many negative effects on theenvironment. Solving the food loss problem is indirectly related to solving the environmental
problem. Food loss means that each person needs to take action to avoid producing garbage.
Here is one thing I wish FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) andUNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) would do right now to reduce food loss inthe world. It is the latest reference to food loss published by WRAP, a non-profit organization
launched by the British government in 2000, that estimates food loss in the United Kingdom
for the 2018 fiscal year at about 9.5 million tons. It is worth noting that the last sentence of
this reference states that this amount of food loss is worth about 190 pounds (28 trillion
Japanese yen) or more per year. It also states that this amount is responsible for 36 million
tons of greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, I think it is necessary for global organizations to not
only point to the amount of food loss, but also to show the negative impact of this figure on
the economy and the environment.
As I have mentioned, reducing food loss is of course something that should be done, but thisshould be actively addressed in developed countries, while developing countries should
separately address the issue of "post-harvest loss. It is more important for the future thatdeveloping countries become able to produce their own food and live on it, rather thansending foodstuffs from developed countries to save developing countries from starvation.
Solving the two problems of "food loss" in developed countries and "post-harvest loss" indeveloping countries would be the first step toward creating a prosperous country where theentire world can live comfortably.
4 References
https://sdgs.media/blog/6753/
Current Situation and Problems of Food Loss｜Explaining Measures for Reduction and New
Businesses 5/24
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/sustainable-consumption-production/food_loss/
What is the problem of food loss? What is the current situation in the world and Japan, and what
are the efforts being made? 4/16
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/shokusan/recycle/syoku_loss/161227_4.html
What is Food Loss: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 4/16
https://www.gov-online.go.jp/useful/article/201303/4.html
You can start today! Food Loss Prevention at Home 4/24
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/iderumi/20211201-00270634
Latest Food Loss Volume, Smallest on Record - Is the Food Loss Reduction Promotion Law aContributing Factor? What We Want from the Japanese Government 5/10
https://www.jacom.or.jp/nousei/news/2022/06/220610-59482.php
Food loss: 5.22 million tons, the smallest since estimates began, still 1 million tons more thanglobal aid, MAFF 6/5

Reforming to a New Food Culture
Our health and eating without walls
ID 5118 Name Suda Asahina
1.Intrroduction
I started this research for two main reasons. First, I want to find a way to lose weight
healthily and easily control our bodies. Second, I want to avoid situations that people cannot
eat what they want to eat due to allergies or religion. Recently, because of the popularity ofKpop, more and more people have been attracted to a tin body shape. As the result, more andmore people are dieting by skipping meals, leading to an increase in the number of thinpeople.Furthermore, the number of obese people is increasing due to the stress of those dietsand the changing rhythm of eating in the Corona Disaster. So I want to figure out how I
could control weight loss or gain based on eating well three times a day.
2.Discussion and implications
This research is to solve three problems. First, it means reducing the number of thin andobese people. Second, to build a healthy body and shape control, lose weight healthily and as
easily as possible. Third, to eliminate food barriers for people with allergies or who have thereason of religious. Of these three, I decided to focus on the third issue, the food barrier.
First of all, let us discuss the current status of these problems. Every year, the number ofboth thin and obese people is increasing. In addition, many diets are considered to be aboutskipping meals and excessive exercise. As a result, more and more people suffer fromnutritional deficiencies and diseases such as eating disorders. Furthermore, there are many
people who are unable to eat food containing such ingredients because they are allergic tothem, or who are unable to taste the cuisine of a country when they go abroad because somefoods are not allowed to be eaten according to their religion.
I have gathered information from various Internet sources to research those issues and haverecommended research .
My research question is “Can we create a new food culture by incorporating PBF?”
PBF stands for plant-based food and refers to vegetable-derived raw materials. PBF has many
good points. For example, low calorie, good for the body and so on.
3 Conclusion
I have three ideas to solve problems. First problem is that it means reducing the number ofthin and obese people. As a solution to this problem, I would suggest replacing meals with
PBF. We are supposed to eat three meals a day: breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The idea is tomake one of those meals PBF. By doing so, the number of meals and nutritional intake will
not extend to nutrition, but the caloric intake will be reduced. And I would like to get input
from diet supporters, doctors who treat obesity, and researchers who are studying PBF inorder to implement this proposal.
Second, to make weight and shape control and dieting as healthy and easy as possible. The
solution to this problem is similar to the method described above. First, we suggest replacingthe basic diet with PBF in order to reduce the number of thin thinners. However, if all meals
are replaced with PBF, the nutritional content may be uneven, leading to nutritional
deficiencies. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate PBF while supplementing nutrition withtherapeutic drugs and supplements. Next, let's look at the use of PBF in diet. We suggest
using PBF as a snack or a meal item. For example, some sweet and calorie-dense sweets suchas cakes and cookies are produced on PBF. Other ways to reduce calorie intake is to try
changing some of the ingredients around you, such as the ingredients in a bowl of rice or thesauce in a hamburger.
Third, to eliminate food barriers for people with allergies or who are religious. I suggest that
I provide dishes using PBF. The person entering a person and the religion to have an allergy
by changing a thing becoming the allergens such as an egg or the milk and the food which
religion limits such as beef or the chicken suffer from into PBF can taste delicious.And I
want to perform this approach at the international restaurant or airport which the person ofvarious countries visits. I think that an opportunity for other countries to learn other countries
and opportunities to touch it increases and can build international relations by doing thisapproach.
I think that two are greatly demanded from us to carry out these suggestions. The first gives
the popularity of PBF. I do not attract attention even in Japan let alone the world as far as it is
not very well known. Furthermore, there will not be the person who is going to order it even
if PBF appeared on the menu. Then I do not make sense. Therefore I think that it is importantto have you know the existence of the food called PBF. And the second is to clarify an effectof PBF. It cannot have a hand taking PBF to pull the interest of people if it is not revealed
whether it actually does an effect even if I hear from PBF that there is a great effect.
Therefore, I want to clarify the effect of more PBF and want to spread it to more people.
I want to perform the future study from the viewpoint of three. The first is about dishes
using PBF. As it advances, much food may reproduce more techniques in the raw materials of
the vegetable origin from now on more than now. Therefore I want to study what kind of
cooking can reappear by PBF. The second about PBF and an allergic relationship. The person
asks whether patients with allergy can eat the food which replaced an allergen with PBF andthe allergy durability to think that I thereby want to eat dishes of PBF wants to think from the
aspect of supply and demand how much they are. The third is about the live birth rate and theprice of PBF. Because PBF still has low popularity, much production is not done so much.
More production is necessary if it becomes possible as I spread the existence of PBF to more
people. Therefore I want to check whether you can produce it more efficiently in large
quantities. If there are few consumptions, the price rises like it necessarily, too. The people totake as a way if a price rises decrease; of the minus number become spiral. Therefore I want
to study price and production in detail.

4.References
PLANT BASED FOOD 植物由来のものを積極的に生活に取り入れよう！
https://www.profoods.co.jp/plantbased
プラントベースフードとは？ベジタリアン・ヴィーガンとの違い
https://www.otsukafoods.co.jp/soymeatlabo/article/what_is_plant_based_food.php
カゴメは「プラントベースフード」に取り組みますhttps://www.kagome.co.jp/foodservice/thema_contents/plantbase/
はじめよう！植物性の生活♪野菜と豆でできたカレーとパスタソース
https://www.kagome.co.jp/products/brand/plantbased/
体と地球に優しいプラントベースフードとは？ヴィーガンとの違いも解説
https://smartagri-jp.com/food/3246
プラントベースフードとは何か。おいしさと健康を両立する「食」の考え方
https://zoomlife.tokyo/food/233
プラントベースとは？ヴィーガンやベジタリアンとの違いやおすすめ商品・実践のヒントを簡単に解説
https://spaceshipearth.jp/plant_based/
プラントベースフード
https://www.kewpie.co.jp/products/product/hobotama/

Exterminate Introduced Species with Cycle Method
With the aim of the diversity of inland water
ID 5119 氏名 Yuki Suto
Abstract
I focused on the diversity of the environment of inland water, which is hardly damaged byhuman activities. I found a terrible fact that carps, which destroy the ecosystem completely,are increasing rapidly. Therefore, I was determined to eliminate them. I came up with twosolutions. First, “Fish powder circulation.” The method of this is gathering carps, cooperatingwith fishery cooperative associations and processing them into fish powder. After that, putthem on the Internet market as fertilizers to preserve the environment. With the revenue, we
can continue working. Second, in order to remove carp worldwide, I thought the cooperative
extermination system was effective. We need some administration to deal with all of theoffers of carp toll. However, there are some issues to carry out the plan. If I surpassed such
obstacles, the world environment would be diverse.
1. Introduction
The purpose of this research is to protect the environment of inland water, which is damagedby human beings. These days, the number of invasive alien species are rapidly increasing not
only in Japan but also around the world. I thought that I must solve this problem as fast as
possible to protect the native environment. There are many previous studies, but those areworked on individually or in just a small scale. Through my research, I am looking forward tocarrying out this method worldwide. The way of my research is to search for the precedingstudies and the present condition on the Internet. After that put those effective solutions andmy original idea together. Finally, repeat considering and revising the solution to make more
conclusions effectively.
2. Discussion and Implications
The purpose of this research is to decrease thenumber of invasive alien species and implement
diversity of inland water. Look at this graph, itshows that the number of carp are multiplying
sharply. They are omnivorous, eating anythingfrom aquatic insects to aquatic plants, and thephenomenon of desertification of the waterbottom has become a serious problem. Whenthey grow to large sizes, they have no natural
enemies and become the top of the ecosystemhierarchy in the waters where they are released.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed carp as one of theworld's 100 most invasive alien species because of the pressure they are exerting on
ecosystems around the world. For these facts, I decided to focus on carps. I found that many
local governments of Japan and TV programs tackle this problem. One of their solutions was
to make “Fish Powder ''. First, catch a vast amount of fish or turtles. After that, gather and drythem for approximately eight hours. In consequence, it became easy to smash. Processed fish
powder can be used for seasoning and fertilizer. I focused on their use in fertilizers. Fishpowder made from alien species is not suited for seasoning as they have a distinct flavor andI can not guarantee that it is safe. Also, I found that there are remarkable effects for plants.
Even more telling, plants which nourished fish powder grew more than ones which nourishedchemical fertilizer. I realized that I
can solve another problem that is
mentioned recently:the danger ofchemical fertilizers to soil and ourhealth. Through this research, I
came up with two solutions. First“Fish powder circulation”. Gather
invasive alien species, cooperation
with Fishermen's Associations.
They have specialized knowledgeof invasive alien species, so I chose
them. After collecting such fish,process to fish powder and put on
the market as fertilizer forcountermeasures against invasive
species with advertising thoseadvantages. I am going to use the profit of marketing as the next activity’s capital. I anticipate
that this method can be semi-permanent. Another solution is for the process of gathering alienfish. In order to eradicate invasive alien species, which destroy the original environment, I
have to expand the scope of our activity. When I receive requests from the government,
company, commoner's house and so forth, I rely on helpers and volunteers who affirm ouractivities, for instance, university students and boy scouts. With these relationships,
extermination of invasive alien species can be implemented more effectively and on a world
scale.

3. Conclusion
As indicated earlier, my proposals are “Fish powder circulation” and a cooperative
extermination system. However, there are some problems. These systems demand a large
number of bases to work worldwide. Additionally, we have to go hand-in-hand with overseasorganizations. Last but not least, observe and understand foreign ecosystems and deal withthem in a way that is appropriate for each region.

4 References
・http://www.env.go.jp/nature/biodic/inochi/pdf/full.pdf（Life Is Connected)
・http://www.env.go.jp/water/mizukankyo/hyokahomanual.pdf(Manual for Assessment of Water Quality by Aquatic Organisms)
・https://www.env.go.jp/nature/biodic/rikusuiiki/leaflet/full.pdf(For The Conservation of Biodiversity in Terrestrial and Aquatic Areas)・https://www.env.go.jp/policy/hakusyo/kodomo/h25/files/11-14.pdf(Issues That Threaten Biodiversity)
・http://www.ans.kobe-u.ac.jp/pdf/89.pdf(Fertilization of Invasive Alien Species After Control)
・http://soil.en.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/jsidre/search/PDFs/16cd/manuscript_pdf/[8-6].pdf(On The Effectiveness of Non-native Fishmeal as a Fertilizer)

How to use substandard vegetables
Towards a society with zero food loss

5120Sekiguchi Rino
Absurb
How many people suffer from hunger? I wonder what we can do. What actions areconnected to help them?I thought reducing substandard vegetables would lead to solving thisproblem.Substandard vegetables are produced for some reasons. One major reason is that
consumers want food that looks good.I thought we should change their appearance.When I
researched about this I found one conpany .This company sells frozen food which uses theremaining fruits in farm.I decided to do like this .My idea is that substandard vegetables arechanged. I wanted to change it to anything we can use.I decided to make smoothies. I think
this change makes it possible to reduce waste of substandard vegetables.
Introduction
First I will explain my reseach’s background.Now it is said that a tenth of the world's
population suffer from starvation.There is food loss that causes this problem.
820 million people are starving in the world.One third of food production is wasted
worldwide.That means about 1.3 billion tonnes of food goes to waste every year(notincluding substandard vegetables).I know this present condition, and I think reducing foodloss will cause hunger of the number of people suffering from hunger.(The meaning of
foodlose is throwing away food that normally can be eaten because of shape, color etc.）I
learned about substandard vegetables during reserch.Substandard vegetables account for 30%
of all vegetables produced.I thought about what we can do to help hungry people and to
reduce food loss, so I started this research.
Discussion and impression
Among research for food loss I pay attention to
substandard vegetables.Substandard vegetables
mean vegetables which have problem.For
example, shape and color.Between 30-40% of thevegetables currently shipped in Japan are
substandard. They are thrown away. I wondered
why such a large amount had to be thrown away. I
thought that if the vegetables were in bad shape, we
could devise ways to sell them at a lower price, etc.
As a result of my research, I learned these things.It
is important that many people can trade vegetables in an easy way.
Our research has revealed three reasons.
First reason
To facilitate the distribution of goods.

(Opinions from people in different positions)・Supermarkets：If the product does not meet the standard, it cannot be sold at a fixedprice.Also, in bulk sales, badly shaped products remain unsoldTherefore, no profit can bemade.
・Processing： manufacturing, food service, etc. Many machine-cooked products are used, and
it is difficult to use uneven products.Product appearance is also important.
・School lunch factories：Many machine-cooked products are difficult to use if they are
uneven.
・Producers：Thorough cultivation management is increasing the percentage of A products. (Ifyou don't take care of it, out-of-specification will increase.)
Second reason"I only buy beautiful, well-shaped products." This is due to the widespread consumer ego
that "I only buy what is beautiful and of good shape".
The chart on the right shows the proportion of the fivesenses. It is shown that the visual sense accounts for the
majority, at 87%. This graph shows how much appearance
influences people.
Third reason
Maintaining the value of the vegetables themselves by
selling uniform products.If substandard vegetables are
distributed despite sufficient supply, there is a possibilityof oversupply and a decay in vegetable prices. Therefore,
the reality is that some producers do not feel comfortablewith the distribution of sub-standard products. In addition,
the sale of substandard products at lower prices is expected to reduce demand for regular
products.
As these standards are set for good reasons, we find it difficult to eliminate or loosen them.I
thought that we should consider how we can use substandard vegetables in light of thesedisadvantages.First of all, we thought about selling substandard vegetables at a lower price.
Several websites sold vegetables at low prices or for free. There are examples in (web) sites
such as ‘unica’, ‘TABE CHOKU’, and ‘TADAYASU’. In these websites, I looked into
unica, a web service that allows producers and consumers to trade d. Unica specializes in
trading vegetables and fruit that are considered 'bad looking', but these vegetables and fruits
are unique in that they are just different in appearance from the norm. The service is based ona direct-to-production system that allows producers and consumers to trade directly with eachother.
By trading discarded fruit and vegetables,(1) Producers can improve sales of the waste.
(2) Providing consumers with opportunities to purchase products that are rarely seen insupermarkets.
(iii) Reducing food loss that occurs at production sites as a social issue.
The company contributes to the reduction of food loss at production sites as a social issue.

This is a really good initiative. The diagram also shows that many people are looking forcheap prices in relation to sub-standard products. (From the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries) Therefore, I felt that it would be a good idea.On the other hand demand mayturn towards substandard vegetables, which may reduce the value of the vegetables
themselves. If this happens, farmers' income may also decrease. Therefore, substandard
vegetables are not sold as they are. They are reshaped and sold at the same price as theofficial product. I thought that farmers could earn sufficient profit and sell substandard
vegetables.So I suggest using substandard vegetables to make smoothies.
The reasons are as follows.
1,You can utilize vegetables (as opposed to just fruit)
2,No need to worry about details such as shape and color (the original shape and color doesn't
matter if you make a smoothie)
3,Phyto-chemicals, which can be consumed in high amounts in smoothies, have recently
attracted a lot of attention.
4,It is possible to sell vegetables without reducing their value
5,A wide variety of vegetables can be used.The following are some of the main reasons forthis.(Phytochemicals are said to have a variety of functions depending on the type, such as
antioxidant action, metabolism promotion, immunity improvement and brain function
enhancement, as there are more than several thousand types of phytochemicals, many ofwhich have antioxidant properties.)As a form of smoothie, we want to combine vegetables
and fruit and focus on the non-standard vegetables that are common at the time. When I was
thinking about how to market this, I found a smoothie subs company.
GREEN SPOON, 840-900 yen per serving (over 140 different vegetables from a wide
variety, carefully selected by a nutritionist and an original recipe with nutrition in mind. Rareand expensive vegetables can be enjoyed. Can be stored for a long time by quick freezing.
Can be freely combined with smoothies, salads, soups, etc.)
CLEAN FOOD, Dr Smoothies, etc. After researching these options, we decided to proceedwith our research with a view to having a physical shop, as the costs could be too high.
The problem at the moment is that, as mentioned above, we do not yet know how to market
these products and the details of the costs involved. Therefore, we would like to deepen our
research in the future.

Conclusion
This study considered the use of sub-standard vegetables. It was proposed to make smoothies
from the substandard vegetables. There are problems in terms of cost and freshness of thevegetables. I felt it necessary to continue our research. In addition, although it was notpossible to investigate in detail this time, it would be good to make vegetable chips from
non-standard vegetables. I felt that this would have many advantages, such as long-term
storage. There are still many shortcomings in my research. I would like to continue myresearch in the future.

Referrence
https://shizen-hatch.net/2021/07/15/agricultural_product_standard/#:~:text=%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%
E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%84,%E5%
87%A6%E5%88%86%E3%81%AB%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%B
E%E3%81%99%E3%80%82

Eliminating waste of substandard vegetables [WATCH].
https://www.zennoh.or.jp/hr/syukkakikaku/img/kikaku01.pdf

Vegetable grade standa*Refer to the research proposal by referring to the issue research method p96~.
https://naruhodosdgs.jp/imperfectvegetables/#:~:text=%E3%81%93%E3%82%8C%E3%82%89%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%96%E9%87%8E%E8%8F%9C,%E9%87%8E%E8%8F%9
C%E3%81%8C%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A8%E3%82%93%E3%81%A9%E3%81%A0%E3%81%AA%
E3%82%93%E3%81%A6%E2%80%A6

Eliminate substandard vegetables
https://shokuzenlab.com/colum_senses_delicious-senses/

Percentage graph of the five senses
https://style-free.co.jp/news/news_detail.php?id=6#:~:text=%E8%B2%A9%E8%B7%AF%E3%81%
AE%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E9%87%8E%E8%8F%9C%E3%82%84,%E6%97%A5%E3%81%
AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%80%82&text=%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E5%8F%96%E5%BC%95%E
3%81%AB%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%96%E3%81%97,%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B4%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E3%81%A4%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%80%82&text

About unica

To Balance Childcare and Work
Support for working women
5121 Takahashi Hikari
Abstract
In today's Japan,working women are touted as having the greatest potential, increasing thenumber of working women may contribute to maintaining social security.According to the
Labor Force Survey by the Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications, the graph of the labor force shows an M-shaped curve due to the large
number of women in their prime working years leaving the workforce upon marriage.What
measures can be taken to increase the number of women who continue to work after
marriage?
I have been thinking about initiatives that will allow people to combine work andchildcare while staying close to their children. I would like to propose the introduction of
teleworking and company nurseries.There are two suggestions in my mind. First,telework.It
is a form of work that uses information and communication technology, such as the Internet,
and the work is not bound by time or place. The second suggestion is the introduction ofcompany nurseries, which would be set up in or near the company to look after the childrenof employees who work for the company. The main benefit is a sense of security. The
children are looked after in close proximity, where you can go and check on them quickly, so
you can react quickly if your child gets sick.
In conclusion, I suggest telework and company nurseries should be the best way toincrease the number of women who continue to work.As a future issue, I will consider how to
improve the disadvantage of not being available for women who commute from rural tourban areas.

1 Introduction
I questioned the fact that in today's society, which upholds gender equality, inequality has
not yet disappeared and the concept of women doing housework and men working outside thehome still remains. In this study, I propose an initiative to support women who want to work
but are unable to do so because of difficulties in balancing work with childcare. The goal is toincrease the number of working women, thereby bringing us a little closer to achieving
gender equality and maintaining the social security system.Prior studies have improved
specific women's support systems. My research will focus on the improvement andimplementation of facilities rather than institutions.The hypothesis of this study is that byencouraging companies to install the equipment and to increase the number of working
women, they will contribute to society.Consider the best idea for Japan through comparisonswith other countries using the Internet and fieldwork.

2 Discussion and implications
According to my survey,Sweden has the most extensive parental leave system in theworld, with a total of 480 days to be shared between parents (80% of salary is paid) until thechild turns 8 years old. In addition, fathers are guaranteed to use 90 of those days. On theother hand, Japan's childcare leave system allows parents to take childcare leave until thechild reaches one year of age, or until the child is one year and two months old if both parents
take the leave. About 80% of the salary is also paid. As can be seen by comparing Japan and
Sweden, the period during which childcare leave can be taken in Japan seems to be shorter
than in Sweden. However, we thought that imposing long-term leave due to labor shortages
and other problems would cause problems for the company and create an environment inwhich employees would not be able to take leave even if they wanted to. In Sweden, whenreturning to work, employees do not need to think about childcare, since their children are 8
years old, which means they can stay at home by themselves or attend elementary school. In
Japan, however, when children reach the age of one and they want to continue working, they
have to choose limited options, such as leaving their children at preschool or with ababy-sitter. Therefore, I came up with an initiative that would allow me to balance work andchild rearing while still being in close distance from my child.

3 Conclusion
I would like to make two suggestions: company preschools and the introduction of
telework. Telework is a form of work that utilizes information and communications
technology (ICT), such as the Internet, and is not restricted by time and place. The benefits oftelework include improving the work-life balance of workers, securing work opportunities for
those with time and geographical constraints due to childcare or nursing care (i.e., securing
the labor force), reducing commuting allowances and other corporate costs, and making iteasier to balance work and childcare. Telework also has advantages for both the company andthe employee. Employees can continue their work careers and knowledge while giving birth,increase their income during childcare leave, smoothly return to work after childcare leave,and continue working from home after childcare leave depending on their childcare situation,
among other various advantages. For the company, there are advantages for both parties:
female employees can continue their work careers after giving birth, they can continue
working during childcare leave, they can smoothly return to work after childcare leave, andthey can work from home instead of taking a break while raising their children. In Japan, theneed for telework is growing as reforms in work styles require diverse work options andflexible work styles. However, it has not spread as widely as expected due to bottlenecks suchas the need for information security, the need for a certain level of capital investment, and the
difficulty of managing and controlling working hours. Therefore, large corporations and othercompanies that have created and introduced telework facilities are asked to provide theirtechnology to small and medium-sized companies. In this way, large companies can use theirequipment and small and medium-sized companies can gain access to telework technology.
In this way, problems such as information security can be solved and the use of teleworking

can be further promoted. In terms of time management and administration, I think it would bea good idea to use online tools such as GoogleMeet on a regular basis to share information
about each other's work progress and actively communicate with each other. We thought thatthe introduction of telework would enable men who could not take advantage of the childcare
leave system because their jobs and responsibilities were unique to them or because they
were short-staffed to do so, to take advantage of childcare leave at the same time. However,the number of occupations where teleworking could be introduced would still be limited.
Therefore, we propose the use of company preschools.They are facilities to take care of thechildren of employees of established companies, and are established inside or near thecompany. The first merit cited is a sense of security. Because the children are taken care of ina close area where you can go to check on them immediately, you can respond quickly if yourchild gets sick. In addition, it is not uncommon for the hours of care to be longer than thoseof ordinary preschools and daycare centers, so even if you have to work late, you allow
devote yourself to your work without worrying about the time you have to pick up your child.
Currently, compensation is available for setting up an in-company nursery, so although there
are conditions, it can be set up without spending too much money.
However, there is a disadvantage in that women who commute from rural areas to urban
areas cannot use this service. Therefore, I will now consider how to solve this problem.
4 References<Internet>
80% of income with a living guarantee even after childcare leave! Learning from Sweden,
creating an environment conducive to childcare leave.
https://gozal.cc/basics/living-expenses-at-childcare-leave-compared-with-sweden（2022/5/20）
Current Situation and Issues for Working Women
https://www.sangiin.go.jp/japanese/annai/chousa/keizai_prism/backnumber/h31pdf/20191810
2.pdf（2022/6/1）
Labor force participation rates for women by age grouphttps://www.gender.go.jp/about_danjo/whitepaper/r01/zentai/html/zuhyo/zuhyo01-02-03.html（2022/6/1）
Survey on balancing work with childcare and nursing carehttps://www.jil.go.jp/kokunai/statistics/doko/h1507/（2022/7/8）
Thinking about Women's Advancement in Society
http://www.f.waseda.jp/k_okabe/semi-theses/2105Mao.KURODA.pdf（2022/7/17）

Subsidy for Establishment and Operation of On-site Childcare Facilities
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/koyoukintou/ryouritsu01/dl/hoikupanhu.pdf（2023/6/4）
A strong ally of working mothers! What kind of place is the in-house childcare center?
https://smart-parking.jp/lab/in-housenursery（2023/7/9）

Young carer with people around~Fusion with other country’s policy~
5122 Tanaka Nonoha
Abstract
I researched about ‘young cerer’. Have you ever heard this word?It is generally said thatchildren under 18 years of age routinely care or perform household chores for their family.In
Japan, it is estimated that about 5 percent are young carers, which means there are 2 or 3
children in class. However Japan has no policy to solve this problem and many Japanese
don't know about young carer.
So what if we look abroad?In the UK, the government finds that it has been attracting
attention for about 40 years.The UK is proactive towards young carers, and has many
policies.European countries developed policies for young carers, they carry out events inwhich children can relax and communicate with other young carers.The time is important foryoung carers to relate with social people.I would like to make a suggestion that the
government could provide places for young carers to stay with other children, using these
foreign examples as a guide.However there is also the question of how to help young carerchildren.In fact, the number of young carers currently in Japan is not even accurately known.I
think we should first investigate the actual number of Young Carers in classes and schools asa first step toward making proposals. Then, I will think carefully about what I can propose
among them in the future.
Discussion and implications
I researched about child abuse last year.In this research, I often saw the word ‘’young
carer’’.I am interested in welfare,so I decided that I would research young careers next
year.However, researching about this subject has many problems.
Young carers are not famous in Japan now. Therefore, not all people doesn’t know about thisexistence.

（source:shinitori.net）※Green…Having heard about it,but not knowing it well
As previously stated, young carers are generally said to be the children under 18 years old
who routinely perform household chores and take care of family members.
However, in Japan we cannot quite grasp the actual conditions of young careers.
“Young careers are a rare existence” I think that the soul of this belief lies in the Japanesepeople's understanding of young carers and also in the Japanese government. Few policies are
currently being implemented by the Japanese government.However, in recent years, the term"young carer" has become more widespread little by little, and the government has put
together four support measures.

1."early identification’’Support measures for early identification will include training for
educators,medicine,nursing,and welfare personnel and children’s committee members.For
example, if a class has a student who tends to be absent from school,the teacher searches forthe student’s life.If a student takes care of their family, school and social workers work
together and connect welfare services by the municipality.
2. "consultation support’’
In a fact-finding survey, more than 60% of young caregivers said they had never consulted
anyone.For this reason, the government has decided to promote initiatives in which people
caring for family members can provide consultation not only in person. However also online
through social networking services and other means.

3."housework and childcare support’’
The survey found that many students are taking care of their "siblings."To this end, thegovernment is creating a new service to assist with household chores and childcare at home.
4. "provision of nursing care services."
If children are at home, they may not be able to access care services because people thinkchildren should take care of themselves.For this reason, municipalities and otherorganizations have made caregiving services available to children without assuming that they
will be the caregivers.
These support measures are still only suggestions, and many municipalities have yet to
implement them.
So what if we look abroad?
In the UK, they find that it has been attracting attention for about 40 years.The UK is
proactive towards Young Carers, and many policies.(EU made a policy that was said ’’Law
on children and family)And the EU took a Nationalcensus of young carer in2003.

（ source :census-office for National statistic）※Figure1:Provision of unpaid care per week for 5 to 17 years-olds in England andWales,2011※Figure2:Percentage of unpaid care provided by 5 to 17 years-olds:by sex on regions andWales.
According to this census,the government was able to know actual conditions and worked out
new measures about young carer.
Every year in the UK, there is a "Young Carers Festival".This is a time for young carers to
relax, go to amusement parks and watch movies that they would not normally go to. This not
only gives the children fun memories, but also allows them to communicate with other Young
Carer children.
Conclusion
We would like to make a suggestion that the government could provide a place for young
carers to stay with their children, using these foreign examples as a guide.However there isalso the question of how to recruit young carer children.
In fact, the number of young carers currently in Japan is not even accurately known.So I
think Japan has more young carer children than now. Those children are hiding.I think weshould first investigate the actual number of young carers in classes and schools as a first step

toward making proposals. Then, I will think carefully about what I can propose among themin the future.
References
Young Carers What are the four support measures outlined by the government?
（2023.11.22）
https://www.nhk.or.jp/shutoken/wr/20210601yc_a01.html
Young carers who want to know（2023.11.8）
https://www.nhk.or.jp/shutoken/yc/
Perceptions of Elementary and Junior High School Teachers and Staff Regarding Young Carers（
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 2023.11.15）
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/11907000/000753054.pdf
Office for National Statistics, 2013, “Providing unpaid care may have an adverse affect on young
carers’ general health”（2023.11.15）
https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160107224205/http:/www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/ce
nsus/2011-census-analysis/provision-of-unpaid-care-in-england-and-wales--2011/sty-unpaid-care.html
The Unexpected Reality of "Young Caregivers" - Too Many Misconceptions
The First Step in Support is to Be Close to Diverse Voices.（2023.11.22）
https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/634750

What is a Young carer?（2023.11.22）
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/young-carer/
About young carer.（2023.11.30）
https://shinitori.net/research/2064
The Carer Support System in the United Kingdom and the Actual State of Services Provided by
Private Nonprofit Organizations（2023.12.15）
https://catalog.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/opac_download_md/4772272/009_p095.pdf
Young Carer’s Prefestival in Yokohama（2023.12.15）
https://omoshirosan.or.jp/news/20221124_001/
NHK special | YouTube（2023.12.15）
https://youtu.be/MjrOUatx67Q?feature=sharedhttps://youtu.be/s73iT53Cd_M?feature=shared

Anger management~peace to the world~
5123 Tomiya Komei

Abstract
Anger management is a useful skill when we communicate with people. It is a method
to alleviate anger that we use when emotions of anger arise. I hope to bring peace to theworld through this method, but anger management is unknown in the world. It is being
actively adopted by foreign companies in Japan. We thought that learning anger management
would bring many benefits. For example, it allows us to have good communication wheninteracting with others. So how can we learn about anger management? I think the best way
is to incorporate it in our school class, because teachers are compelled to teach their students
about anger management. However, this method can only communicate to students. I need tothink about how to propose this to the adults.

1 Intoroduction
Have you ever heard of “anger management”? I think many people have not heard thisword. There is a skill in the world called anger management. I think that I can enrich my life
by learning this skill. It is used in various places around the world. In Japan, it is often used in
discussion among foreign-affiliated companies and Japanese affiliated companies. So what isanger management? Anger management is a psychological education and training programfor dealing with anger. By the way, have you ever heard of the six-second rule? The
six-second rule states that if you wait six seconds after an emotion called "anger" appears, thepeak of the anger will pass and it will subside. Some of you may wonder if it really works, orif the world would be at peace if it worked this way. I actually wondered about this myself, so
I decided to research anger management to learn more about the six-second rule.
The purpose and significance of my research was that I thought that if this rule wasdisseminated, the feeling of anger would diminish. I thought that if the feeling of anger
diminished from the world, the problem of war would be solved. I believe that all reasons forbad relationships stem from the emotion of anger. Therefore, I thought that if we spread thisrule, we can build a good relationship between each country. However, I thought that anger
management is still not well known in the world and it is important how to let people know
about it.

2 Discussion and implications
The research results can be divided into two main categories. The first researchfinding is that anger management originated in the United States. It originated as a skill
required for internationally active human resources. In fact, many foreign-affiliatedcompanies in Japan require anger management skills, and it was written that acquiring anger
management skills improves human relations. Some websites also said that acquiring anger
management skills would enrich one's life. To acquire anger management skills, you can try
various methods and learn them. Anger management does not aim for a "no anger" state. Weshould train ourselves to be good at getting angry in situations where we need to be angry,
and not to get angry in situations where we do not need to be angry. It is about learning anger
management as a kind of skill so that you can distinguish between anger and choose youremotions independently. Here are two ways to learn anger management
The first is the six-second rule. The six-second rule is to wait for six seconds after the
onset of one's feelings of anger. This does not mean that the anger will stop, but it is a way to
let the peak of the anger pass. When you count to six seconds, count "1...2...3...". If thisdoesn't work, it was noted that you can repeat in your mind words to calm yourself down,such as "It's okay not to be angry". As you can see in the graph below, "anger" is a feelingthat fades away after its peak.

I have actually tried this myself among family members. At that time, I found that it did notwork very well with people with whom I usually have feelings of "anger" because my own
anger did not fade much. However, I thought it might be effective to try the six-second rule
when I feel anger in business interactions or when interacting with people I am meeting forthe first time.
Next, I will introduce another method of scoring anger. Score your anger on a 10-point
scale, with 0 being peaceful and 10 being the greatest anger of your life. While scoring, you
can be objective about your anger, which helps it subside. You can also say, "Today's anger is
a 3. I got a 5 the other day, so maybe this is something I don't need to be angry about thistime." By evaluating your current anger relative to your past anger, you can be selective about
your emotions. I thought I could suppress my emotions more than usual because I could
evaluate my anger relatively in this way.

The graph above is just an example, but you can score (quantify) your anger like this.
I thought of my own way of controlling my anger based on these two methods. I thoughtthat combining the two methods would be more effective. This method is a combination of
the two methods introduced, and all you have to do is try to score your anger while counting
the six seconds after the emotion of "anger" occurs to yourself. While doing this, I naturally
thought that the six seconds had passed and the feeling of "anger" had diminished. However,I think it is important to note that "anger" cannot be eliminated.
I thought it would be good to incorporate anger management into school education as a way
to spread anger management. By incorporating it into school classes, we can teach it tostudents in a compulsory manner.

3 Conclusion
The conclusion of the study is that it is important to spread anger management
throughout the world. It is said that in this world, friendship relationships collapse justbecause of the deterioration of human relations. I thought that if we could control the cause ofthis problem, anger, we could delay a good life. For this purpose, I thought I could lead agood life by adopting the method of "scoring anger while doing the six-second rule," which I
introduced. I thought of my own way to spread this kind of method. There are actually two
ways I thought of in my own way: First, I asked a famous person to introduce me. For
instance, Atsuhiko Nakata has a video about anger management on his YouTube channel,
which has been viewed more than a million times. The second is to incorporate it into schoolclasses. For example, we thought that by actually learning anger management during moral
education classes at elementary and junior high schools, students would gain a better
understanding of anger management.

4 References
LikeU Anger management
https://www.smbc-card.com/like_u/life/anger_management.jsp
Jibunmigaki Anger management
https://cinq.style/articles/3100/
Japan Anger Management Association
https://www.angermanagement.co.jp/about
Mainabi Agent
https://mynavi-agent.jp/dainishinsotsu/canvas/2021/01/post-38.html
American Physiological Association
https://www.apa.org/topics/anger/control

Tokyo mental healthhttps://www.tokyomentalhealth.com/anger/
Verywell Mind
https://www.verywellmind.com/anger-management-strategies-4178870

Japanese comics＜Spreading comics to the world＞

5124

Todokoro Riria

1.Research Abstracts
I researched manga. Japanese comics are one of the most popular aspects of Japaneseculture in the world. My goal is to get more people overseas to buy Japanese comics and tohelp Japan's economy. I mainly used the internet to do my research. The results showed that
58,4% of the world's total population used social networking services. Therefore, I concluded
that I should ask influencers in each country to introduce Japanese comics to increaseawareness and lead to sales.
This time I focused on the US, so in the future I would like to investigate other countries as
well.

2.Research background.
I think comics are one of the most famous cultures in Japan.Japanese comics are one of themost famous cultures in the world. I often read comics. I chose this theme because I wanted
to let people overseas know more about the fun of Japanese comics.In addition, sales ofJapanese comics have been increasing overseas in recent years, tripling from 2012 to 2019.
When people find comics they like, they often want to go on pilgrimages to sacred places andbuy comics goods, so they can increase their spending in Japan by coming to Japan andbuying comics goods. Based on this, I decided to use Japanese comics to revitalize theJapanese economy and set a sub-theme for my research as a way to revitalize the Japanese
economy.
3 Research objectives.
The research question is"What should be done to promote Japanese comics overseas?”
When Japanese comics are sold well, Japanese publishers can make a profit.
Then, when people get hooked on a work, they want to buy merchandise from that work.
Lastly, they come to Japan to visit the places and events that are the motifs of the comics,
purchase limited-edition products, and go sightseeing in Japan, and they spend money. They
will then become addicted to new works, and so on, creating a virtuous cycle. If this happens,
the Japanese economy can be revitalized.
4 Research methods①Gather information on Japanese comics.
②Find out which comics are popular in each country.
③ Research the most popular SNS in each country.

④ Based on the information, think of ways to increase awareness overseas.
⑤ Research the situation in each country and think about the best way to spread comics.
５.Research results
First, we looked into the current state of Japanese comics. Comics Beat, an American website
specializing in comic information, reported on February 4, 2022, "Report: Graphic Novel
Sales in 2021 Increased 65% YoY" (Figure 1). Graphic novels are foreign manga-style books
and visual books with frame-by-frame layouts, and their sales have tripled from 2012 to2019. This suggests that the Japanese comics format is more readily accepted overseas.

figure1⇧

figure2⇩

Also in Japan, according to an article in the Asahi Shimbun newspaper in December 2021,
e-comics reversed paper comics sales in Japan in 2019. (Figure 2)
In 2020, paper-bound comics will be 270.6 billion yen and e-comics will be 342 billion yen,showing a big difference between paper-bound and e-comics. Sales of e-comics will continue
to rise and are expected to reach approximately 3,533 billion yen in the global market around2028. Overall sales are also rising.
An e-book is a book that is converted into electronic data, such as a comic book or paperback
book, which can then be read on the display of an electronic device. Books that can play not
only text but also video and audio are also e-books.
The growth rate of the global e-book market shows that emerging economies such as
Thailand and Turkey, in addition to the BRIC countries, are at the top of the list. It is thoughtthat the number of users of 'suddenly e-books', which do not use paper books, is increasing
because of the spread of mobile devices and the development of communication networks.
Also, in some countries, even if paper is not widely available, smartphones are available, so
the usage rate is high. From those I thought that e-books could be used to promote morecomics in the world.
Korean comics have been gaining popularity in recent years. Unlike Japanese comics, it isfull color and features a vertical scrolling style that allows you to read from top to bottom
using your smartphone. Vertical scrolling, which originated in South Korea, is also called''webtoon'' after the name of the worldwide service. While Japanese comics depict multiple
scenes on two-page spreads, vertical scrolling has almost no panels and is read by scrolling
one scene at a time. It has become popular because it is easy to read and can be enjoyed inyour free time. Korean comics often rank high on the popular Japanese comics apps Piccoma
and Line Manga,so I thought it would be a good idea to try incorporating those methods.
Next, I looked into popular comics in each country. The ranking of popular comics in eachcountry is as follows.
America: 1st place: Attack on Titan, 2nd place: Our Hero Academia, 3rd place: Demon
Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba
South Korea: 1st place One Piece, 2nd place Golgo 13, 3rd place Dragon Ball
France: 1st place: Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba, 2nd place: Tokyo Revengers, 3rd place:
One Piece
Brazil: 1st place Jujutsu Kaisen, 2nd place Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba, 3rd place One
Piece
The above results were obtained. From this result, I found that the comics that are mostpopular overseas are fantasy, otherworld, and battle,so when introducing comics, I think it's agood idea to introduce battle and fantasy comics first.
I thought about how to spread comics. According to DataReportal's "Digital 2022 Global
Overview Report," there are 4.62 billion SNS users in the world (as of January 2022), which
is 58.4% of the world's total population. In 2021, 424 million new users started using SNS. I

decided to use SNS, which is used by many people around the world, as a way to increaseawareness.
While there are many countries around the world, in this time, I looked into ways to increaseawareness in the United States. I chose America because it was financially comfortable,
could spend money on entertainment, had a good internet connection, and had a large
population.From We Are Social/DIGITAL 2020,THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, themost popular SNS in the United States is Facebook, followed by Instagram. In a survey ofInternet users, 80% said they used Facebook,so this time I thought I'd use Facebook to
introduce it. The top Facebook followers have 90 million followers. Ask influencers to share
their favorite comics. That alone is enough to get a good advertising effect. People who did
not know that comics existed would buy them if the influencers introduced them. In this way,
more people will become aware of the appeal of comics. I think it would be possible to getpeople to buy comics on a sustained basis.
６．Conclusion
The demand for e-books is now growing in the comics industry. The idea was to use thesecomics to turn the Japanese economy around. It is necessary to make Japanese comics
known. There are many countries, but this time we thought about how to promote comics inthe US. As a result, I found that there are many Facebook users in the USA. In order tospread comics, I thought of a way to ask foreign influencers with a large number of followers
to introduce manga they recommend. In this way, many people can become aware of theexistence of Japanese comics.
The challenge for the future is to think of ways to spread comics in countries other than theUS.
7.citation
https://vdata.nikkei.com/datadiscovery/21book/ 「data discovery」
https://www.digima-japan.com/knowhow/united_states/16314.php 「Degima」
https://signal.diamond.jp/articles/-/1119 「SIGNAL」
https://www.mottainaihonpo.com/kaitori/contents/cat07/015-denshishoseki-toha.html
Honpo News」
https://worldsegg.com/manga-world/ 「dreamer」
https://note.com/sudotadashi/n/n63ad08f1437b 「note」
https://japan-forward.com/japanese/86800/ 「JapanForward」
https://tomoruba.eiicon.net/articles/3893「TOMORUBA」

https://style.ehonnavi.net/ehon/2021/10/21_622.html 「EhonNaviStyle」「Mottainai

Lower The Mortality with Caffeine
Saving the coffee beans crisis5125 Sayuri Nakazato
Abstract
The purpose of my research is to save the production of coffee bean crisis and reduce
mortality of varied diseases with caffeine. The reason why I chose this topic is because I
tackled the problem of the recent increase of patients suffering from bronchial asthma andsolutions until last year and I focused on childhood asthma. Then, I wanted to try to solve
worldwide problems other than childhood asthma so I decided on this topic. The productionof coffee beans may become impossible as a result of global warming in the future. Also,
bronchial asthma and diabetes are included in the top ten causes of death. According to theresearch, I found that people who drink the correct amount of coffee can lower the mortality
rate of bronchial asthma. However, people who drink a large quantity of coffee may getosteoporosis. Caffeine is often included in drinks such as coffee, tea, and energy drinks andhigh cacao chocolates. Generally, caffeine seems to be a bad substance. It may be because
caffeine is often included in coffee or energy drinks which are always drinked by people so as
not to fall asleep so most people may consider it unhealthy. However if we observe theconsumption of caffeine correctly, it gives us the effect such as recovery from fatigue. And it
has a positive effect that expands the width of bronchi. I want to secure the production ofcoffee beans to help patients who have bronchial asthma and those who suffer from bronchialasthma and diabetes. So I decided on this theme. I suppose that we can obtain the amount of
the production of coffee if we can secure the place to grow Robusta, the type of coffee beans.
Robusta is one of the types of coffee beans raised all over the world and it is the strongest
even if it is grown in a hot place. Then, I am going to consider how to grow Robusta in hot
conditions as a result of global warming.
Introduction
I try to secure the production of coffee that might be impossible to produce in 2050 as aresult of global warming because I want to help the patients who have bronchial asthma andsupporters who like drinking coffee. According to the research in the National Cancer Center,drinking the correct amount of coffee can lower the mortality rate of bronchial asthma anddiabetes. The research team divides the elderly patients into five groups based on the amountof drinking coffee a day. As a result, we found that people who drink five or more coffee a
day have the highest mortality. Besides, we found that people who drink three to four cups ofcoffee a day have the lowest mortality from different diseases. Specifically, the caffeine in thecoffee worked immediately in the disease such as heart disease, CVD, and respiratory
disease.

So I decided to recommend the correct amount of coffee for people who like coffee. I am also
going to recommend the containing caffeine drinks such as green tea for those who don’t likecoffee regardless of their ages. According to a survey by AGF, Japanese corporations, I foundthat tea includes a lot of caffeine. In Particular gyokuro, the finest grade of green tea in Japan,
includes about two and a half times as much caffeine as coffee drinked commonly in theworld. I think it is easier to drink tea for children than to drink coffee. Besides, childhood
asthma is recently increasing so it is effective for children too. Nevertheless, the productionof coffee beans is speculated to diminish after a few years.
According to the thesis, coffee beans are predicted to be damaged most of the agricultural
products in the world by climate change as a result of global warming. Even if the carbon
dioxide is discharged, 45% to 75% of the land to grow coffee beans is anticipated to decreasein the future. It is incredible that the land growing coffee beans in Brazil will decrease by
about 90%. Therefore, it requires land or some ways to grow coffee beans in the hot
conditions as a result of global warming. And there are three main types of coffee beans,
Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica. First, Arabica is grown in nearly 60% of the entire
consumption and it is the most produced coffee bean in the world. Second, Robusta is thestrongest one of the three as its name means "sturdy" and "tough". The conditions to grow
Robsta are easy because we can cultivate Robsta in hot places, rainy places, and lowland
places. So I decided on Robsta. Then, I plan to find some lands that apply the conditions tocultivate coffee beans or find other ways to cultivate them although it is anticipated that thetemperatures would rise.
Discussion and implication
People around the world prefer to drink coffee so making sure the production of coffee
beans is effective to prevent the development of bronchial asthma. According to the researchin MYEL, a website that shows various surveys, I got the information about people drinking
coffee in Japan. The website shows us the results of a survey by more than 11 thousandpeople. 70 percent of the people drink coffee every day. In addition, nearly forty percent of
the people drink two to three cups of coffee a day. Seeing the research these years, thenumber of people drinking coffee is increasing gradually compared to the previous result.
Also, people often drink coffee during break time, lunchtime, and while they are studying or
working. Some people drink coffee to relax, while others drink to concentrate on work. These
are great effects of caffeine. I found the problem of decreasing the production of coffee beans
is so serious for people because the number of people drinking coffee is increasing little bylittle. Besides, looking at the graph showing age groups, the fifties is the largest number ofpeople drinking coffee. The sixties is the second largest and the forties is the third largest.
The older people tend to drink coffee more than the younger. It is a good tendency because
older people are apt to suffer from diseases such as bronchial asthma and diabetes. In
addition, the mortality from these diseases is higher than the younger. Because it is easy for
elderly people to get worse. Moreover, looking at the graph that shows gendered differences,men drink more coffee than women. According to research, most men in Japan tend to get
diabetes more than women because many older men have the habit of drinking or smoking.
These actions cause diseases. The habit of smoking makes it easy for people to get bronchialasthma. Young people have a high immunity to various diseases. In Particular, it is said thatpeople in their twenties have the highest immunity in their lives. On the other hand, theimmunity of the people in their forties to fifties will be halved. So older people tend to getbronchial asthma and get worse conditions. Also, the habit of drinking has a bad influence on
diabetes. According to the Ministry of Health in Japan, there is a possibility that the correct
intake of alcohol may prevent their body from diabetes but the excessive intake will cause
hyperglycemia. Excessive drinking and eating food can be the cause of getting diabetes. We
need to be careful of such problems. The problem of reducing coffee beans is called “The
Coffee 2050 Problem”. It is that coffee beans will decrease due to the decrease in growing
area. This is because of global warming. Then, the world's demand for coffee beans will
increase and people all over the world will not be able to drink coffee. The coffee growing
areas will be reduced by half due to a significant rise in temperature and the cultivation areas
in Brazil ,the largest production of coffee, will be reduced by about 60 percent in 2050. It
seems to be a serious situation for me because the number of people drinking coffee in their
daily life is increasing recently so the demand for coffee in the world will accelerate the lackof the production of coffee beans.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I am going to recommend that coffee or other caffeinated drinks forpeople to lower the mortality because of bronchial asthma and diabetes regardless of whether
they are children or adults. So it needs to find lands fitting the conditions to cultivate coffee
beans in the world and some opportunity or system to recommend drinking coffee to keep
healthy. The purpose of these is to lower the mortality due to suffering from bronchial asthma
and diabetes. I will mainly focus on older people (from the forties to the sixties) since they
are likely to prefer drinking and smoking than younger people. The habit of excessive
smoking and drinking will lead them to various lifestyle-related diseases and older people
tend to have this habit. I will compare cultures and the tendency of the amount of coffee inthe world by area and find solutions to the problem of patients who are suffering frombronchial asthma and saving to the coffee beans crisis.
References
MEMORVA, The average of the span of the life in the world
https://memorva.jp/ranking/unfpa/who_whs_life_expectancy.php#:~:text=%E5%B9%B3%E
5%9D%87%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD%E3%83%BBUNFPA%E7%89%88&text=%E5%B
9%B4%E9%BD%A2%E3%81%AF%E5%89%8D%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8

9%E5%A4%89%E5%8C%96,88%E6%AD%B3%E3%81%A71%E4%BD%8D%E3%80%8
2 (2023/05/13)
Illustrating the consumption of coffee in the world, what is the difference between the largest
consumption of coffee in the world and Japan?
https://gigazine.net/news/20120726-coffee-consumption/ (2023/07/06)
The project relating to prevent cancer in National Cancer Center
https://epi.ncc.go.jp/jphc/outcome/3527.html (2023/07/06)
Ministry of Agriculture about the excessive consumption caffeine
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/syouan/seisaku/risk_analysis/priority/hazard_chem/caffeine.html#:~:text=%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%92%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E9%81%A9%E5%88%87%E3%81%AB%E6%91%82%E5%8F%96,%E5%98%94%E5%
90%90%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82 (2023/07/06)
What is the chlorogenic acid included in coffee?
https://beans-express.com/article/detail.php?article_id=10040 (2023/08/31)
WHO announced that the top ten of causes of death all over the world in 2019
Decreasing the death because of CVD
https://sndj-web.jp/news/001149.php (2023/08/31)
How much caffeine is included in a cup of coffee?
Merit and demerit of intake of caffeine and other drink
https://macaro-ni.jp/32967 (2023/08/31)
About The Coffee 2050 Problem
https://www.keycoffee.co.jp/sustainable/2050.html (2023/09/01)
Expected global suitability of coffee, cashew and avocado due to climate change
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261976 (2023/09/05)

Ajinomoto AGF corporation
https://faq-agf.dga.jp/faq_detail.html?id=62 (2023/11/15)

Impact on the Roadkill to the Wildlife~Coexisting with the wild~
5126 Manaka Nakamura

Abstract
There are many animals in the world and there are many endangered animals,too.It isbecause of global warming,destruction of the environment, and so on.Then,I focused on
roadkill.It is the easiest problem to solve with other problems and it is a near thing for us.I
doing this study and I can protect the wild animal’s ecosystem because if endangered animals
became extinct,the number of herbivorous animals is increasing so it is not good for thebalance of ecosystem.Now,more than thirty hundred thousand of them were killed by it inJapan.Not only Japan but also other countries can say same thing.Road kill is common
serious problem in the world.To avoid this problem,I found some solutions to it. First,No
fence system.It is like a stick and when the car’s flashlight hits it,it is responsible for thebuzzer and turn signal to warn the wild animals car is coming here.Second,the animal
bridge.It is used in many countries.The place where roadkill accidents are large ismountainous area.So I think we built the animal bridge above the expressway.If we carry out
this solution, we cannot ultimately have an accident so we have to think how to coexist withhuman and wild animals is important.

1.Introduction
First,the significance of doing this study is that I want to eliminate roadkill completely.By theway,have you ever seen the scene of roadkill?Cats or birds are often dead on the road.They
are a very tragic scene.To avoid this,we should solve it immediately.There are more than
40000 species of endangered animals in the world.(It is shown in the red list.)The figure
accounts for about 27% of the whole world’s animals.This is the table shown about the ratioof endangered species. showingI especially contract with mammals,amphibians,reptiles,birds,fish,and crustaceans.We canknow more than half of endangered animals live on land and they are living near us.So wehave a risk of roadkill with endangered species.The reason why I think roadkill is problem is
if these endangered animals happen roadkill,the balance of the ecosystem break.I think it isserious problem.Not limited endangered animals happen roadkill,in case of carnivore
happened it,many number of it are killed and the number of herbivores will increase.

2.Discussion and implications
By the way do you know how many animals
have roadkill in a year?In Japan,more than
three hundred thousand of them occurred.The
big reason for this happening is developmentof infrastructure.There are animals living
space in the forest but human cut down thetree to make road.Therefore animal have habit
living same place if their residence extinct.so
when they want to go river they have toacross the road.

When they cross the road,they have some pattern.Wild animals can judge whether there areroads in the opposite lane.Look at this figure.↓

This figure expresses the difference between the road's situation.As you can see from
this,Point A is the highest point of accident rate.We can understand that wild animals canjudge whether they can go this street after crossing the road.From this we have to carefulwhen we are driving especially such as point A.Also if measure can be taken in such places ,Ithink it is effective to reduce roadkill.

To do this study,we can be conscious about roadkill and reduce
the number of it.Why is roadkill a serious problem? I will give an
example.This is a picture of Iriomoteyamaneko.It is a Japanese
endangered animal.It is inhibiting only in Iriomote island.Most
deaths are caused by roadkill.This is a very rare animal.Protecting
them from roadkill,people who live in Iriomote Island madeIriomote Isrand’s map which is showed the point roadkill
occurred or sighting information.We don’t know these effort leadto solving this problem,but I think to visualize current situationand share it with the world is good thing.
For this problem,I have some suggestions.
（ⅰ）Animal bridge
The left one is a Japanese bridge and the right is a German bridge.

Germany is an environmentally advanced country so there are many animal bridges in the
country.There are animal bridges in Japan,too.However we can see that the scale is small
compared to foreign countries.The most different thing is building animal bridges is public
works in the abroad but it is local efforts in Japan.So to make these big bridge in Japan isdifficult with differences in thinking between countries.Even if the scale is small, we should
increase it is important.

（ⅱ）No fence system
This item is my ordinary thing.It is like a stick and when the car’s flashlight hits it,it is
responsible for the buzzer and turn signal to warn the wild animals.It is put on the side of theroad instead of the fence.Also I’m thinking how about install mosquito sounds like cat
repellent,too.I think it’s quite practical but to put it all the road is difficult so achieving thisrequires considerable time and cost we need.

3.Conclusion
We can’t do anything directly to the wild animals so we can’t ultimately do roadkill but it isnecessary to think why these problems occur and know the current situation.Although,this is
not a convincing conclusion but to suggest my proposal to the environmental organization, I
think it would be great if it could help solve the roadkill,even if only a little.I hope roadkill
will disappear someday.

4.References
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
https://www.iucnredlist.org/ja(11/14/2023)
国土技術政策総合研究所 研究資料
https://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/siryou/tnn/tnn0721pdf/ks072104.pdf(10/20/2023)
Mirainoshiten
https://www.mirainoshitenclassic.com/2020/04/blog-post.html(10/20/2023)
Iriomote Wildlife Conservation Center
https://iwcc.jp/iriomotecat/cat/(9/8/2023)
study on discrimination of animal roadkill points
http://soil.en.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/jsidre/search/PDFs/06/06004-17.pdf(8/10/2023)
Ministry of the Environment good life award
https://www.env.go.jp/policy/kihon_keikaku/goodlifeaward/report/2015_01/(12/15/2023)

Improving The Foster Care System in Social Care
~Implementation of permanency planning~
5127 Nisihara Sae

Abstract
There are two types of social care for Aid-requiring Children which use the foster caresystem or stay at Children’s home.The rate of trust foster care system in Japan is low,about 20
percent. The purpose of this study is to improve the foster care system with permanency
planning and to reform the foster care system in America.
There are advantages and disadvantages in the Foster care system.The children can beraised up in detail.However,there is a danger that Aid-required Children are raised
inappropriately for the sound raising of children and there is a high probability that therelationship between children and birth parents come to an end.
In America,the view which is called Permanency Planning regards foster-parent system asa short-term measure for foster-children.Also,the way of thinking indicates Aid-requiredChildren should be brought up under a permanent relationship with adoptive parents who are
conducted a strict examination.From a perspective that Aid-required Children should begrown up healthy not only good but also permanent home,It is essential to realize
permanency planning in Japan so as to care for children,and support their birth parents whose
home is dysfunctional.

1 Introduction
The purpose of this study is to encourage permanency planning to make become
more popular.The Foster-parent system provides Aid-required Children with a home which
gives affection and grows them up with good understanding.According to the article which
was written by National Foster Parent Association of Japan,the system helps Aid-requiredChildren form attachments to specific people under the foster parents’ raising.So,it is said
that it realizes the sound raising of Aid-required Children.
The Foster-parent system should be regarded as a short-term care measure from theperspective of permanency planning.There is a premise that Aid-required Children’s lives
with their birth parents who had enough support and then recovered mentally and physicallyto raise them should be preceded by any types of homes.
However,it stops supplying foster-children with support when they turn 18 years old.After
that, foster-children will be placed in society without any backing, and many foster-children
are likely to face these difficulties in their lives.
It doesn’t apply to permanency planning.In Japan,people can become foster-parents without
qualification as a Child Welfare Officer easily and the requirements for foster-parents areeasier to meet than them for adoption.There is a moderate probability that inappropriate
foster-parents raise Aid-required children.

2 Discussion and implications

First,I researched Aid-required Children.By definition,the word refers to children
without guardians or a child for whom the custody of their guardians is foundinappropriate.In Japan,almost all Aid-required Children are left to children’s homes.Also,it isentrusted foster-parent with raising of Aid-required Children.
Also,there is a large difference in the percentage of children who were trusted tofoster-parent system between Japan and other countries.
“Percentages of children who were trusted to foster-parent system as a percentage of
Aid-required children in each country (around 2018)”
the United Kingdom：73.2（2019）
the Federal Republic of Germany：48.3（2017）
the French Republic：44.2（2018）
the Italian Republic：52.4（2017）
the United States of America：81.6（2018）
Canada：85.9（2018）
the Commonwealth of Australia：92.3（2019）
Hong Kong：57.0（2018）
the Republic of Korea：29.6（2019）Japan：21.5（2020）(“Toward the Promotion of social foster care”─the Ministry of Health, Labour andWelfare,Child and Family Policy Bureau, the home welfare department)
In Western countries,there are seemingly more children who are trusted to foster-parent
systems than in Japan.On the other hand,there are less children who are trusted to Children’s
homes in the area than in Japan.Also,it is the part for close relative to get on with the role offoster-parent.
Permanency Planning in Western countries prepares various programs accordingly such ascomprehensive support for Aid-required families,helping people who seek adopted children
to find them The purpose of it is Aid-required children to return to the home of biologicalparents,and to be adopted children.
Also,There are three conditions to raise children: normal and healthy.First,continuous
affectional bond.Second,constant environment.Third,stable relationship with the outside.
There is a view that sudden changes in the environment of the process of children growing
up cause stagnation of children’s growth because they involve children’s considerable
stress.It is said that the best way for children is to bring up under the home consists of theirbirth parents.
Even though they are under functional disorder homes, if the family can recover its function
through support for those parents and rehabilitation programs, it is believed that the children
should be returned to their original homes rather than trust to foster-parents’ home orchildren's homes.There are not enough supports for those families in Japan.

3 Conclusion
Realization of Permanency planning is important to improve Children’s welfare in
Japan.Also,Japanese society has to support the birth-parents of Aid-required children whose
home has become a functional disorder.For example, the support should be provided actively
for their birth-parents who have difficulties about childcare due to financial problems,mental
or physical factors.

4 Reference“Child Welfare Act（Act No. 164 of 1947）”─Japanese Law Translation Database System
https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/ja/laws/view/11#je_ch1sc4(2023/12/15)“About the foster-parent system, etc.” ─ the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kodomo/kodomo_kosodate/syakaiteki_you
go/02.html (2023/12/15)“About the foster-parent system in America” ─ Ikeya Kazuko
http://id.nii.ac.jp/1060/00006470/(2023/12/15)“Toward the Promotion of social foster care”─ the Ministry of Health,Labour and welfare
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/000833294.pdf(2023/12/15)“Toward the Realization of Permanency Planning in Japan: planning a System to Position
Adoption in Social Care”
http://fosterfamily.web.fc2.com/monthly/permanency.html#:~:text=Malucci%E3%81%AE%
E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A97%E3%81%AB,%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%80%
82%E3%80%8D(2023/12/15)“The briefing session of foster-parent system by central child consultation center in Oita
prefecture”─ the Ministry of Health,Labour and welfare
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-11900000-Koyoukintoujidoukateikyoku/0000
074719.pdf(2023/12/15)“The requirements of foster parent”─ the Ministry of Health,Labour and welfare
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/shingi/2009/01/dl/s0108-4b_0084.pdf(2023/12/15)

Earth’s Final Frontier Project
Solution of the hunger in Africa
ID5128

氏名八木伸乃輔

１ Abstract
First my conclusion is to solve the hunger in Africa by Regenerative Agriculture: RA
and Sustainable Agricultural Intensification: SAI.These projects are kind of
biotechnology.There is a strong synergy between them.However, there is no way to
do them,so I want to connect them by Artificial satellite.Some Japanese farmers use
satellite-based agriculture. Therefore, I chose Japan as my research target,and I
would like to spread this technology on the Internet.These days, the Digital
Revolution happened in Africa.So I think this revolution should be taken advantage
of.
Next I‘ll introduce why I choose Africa.Africa may be the most important place in theworld.This is because the number of population in Africa is going to increase.Africa iscalled ‘’Earth’s Final Frontier'’.This mean is that one in for four people is going to be
African in the world.Africa is this important so we should to solve some problems in
Africa.I’m sure that this project is good for the world.
２ Discussion and implications
Africa has the best potential in the world.
Africa has ……
Petroleum Coal Iron ore Natural gas
Uranium Cesium Diamond gold Silver
Copper Tin Zinc Lead Tungsten Tantalum
Nickel Titanium Cobalt Platinum Selenium
Bauxite Chromium Lithium manganese
vanadium rare earths

And Africa is going to have a large
population.
The percentage of the African people who live there in 2022 is 17,7%.
The percentage of the African people who live there in 2030 is over 20%.
The percentage of the African people who live there in 2050 is 25,4%.

The percentage of the African people who live there in 2100 is 37,8%.

For these reasons,Africa has big potential
but Africa has a lot of issues.For
example,there are Medical issues,Labor
issues,Educational issues and so
on.However, these issues have the samecause.It is hunger,so I am tackling thisproblem. From now on,I will introduce twosolutions.one is RA and the other is SAI.RA
is the system about agriculture.It is the
agriculture that not only keeps the soil
healthy, but also aims to repair and improve
the soil while recovering it to its naturalenvironment.And Sustainable agriculturalintensification (SAI) are practices to produce
more from given land, water or other natural
resources, while protecting the environment
and increasing economic and social gains.These solutions are tried to use bothbecause there are good combination of solving hunger in Africa.But there are noways to connect them.And that's all they're going to study today.
From here,I'll say my suggestion.I suggest using Artificial satellite.In Japan,aventure company provides data such as the temperature of the earth's surface
observed by an artificial satellite.Based on this data, agriculture will be carried out
automatically,and satellite agriculture provides specific management of water
sources and soil analysis. Soil analysis is done by artificial intelligence, which
visualizes the farm andtells the farmer where to
spread fertilizer.This allows
Africans to farm with aminimum of work andspend the additional time
studying and otheractivities.Yet here youmight have thought, "How can there besuch a satellite in Africa?’’But It is not a
problem. The African countries that havelaunched population perpetuity are
Egypt, South Africa, Nigeria, Algeria,
Morocco, Angola, Ghana, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, and Mauritius.
Zimbabwe and Uganda are also planningspace projects, and more and more
African countries are expected to enter
the space industry.However, the design
and manufacture of satellites is mostly
led by foreign countries.Specifically, China, Russia, Japan, and other space
agencies provide support. In recent years, Rwanda and Ghana have started todevelop small satellites in collaboration with the University of Tokyo and otherinstitutions, as well as the Kyushu Institute of Technology and JAXA.This project is
not only beneficial to African countries. Developed countries that provide thetechnology will also be able to experiment with new technologies.I hope to be able toshare this innovation throughout Africa using the Internet. There is a digital revolution
happening in Africa right now. This is due to the fact that governments have begun todevelop Internet infrastructure as they expect Africa's population to grow and its
markets to develop, and also due to theincrease in cell phone
penetration.Although there are still only a
few countries where the Internet can beused, the number of countries where it canbe used will increase in the future. I would
like to see the system developed to share
this innovation by making maximum use of
the Internet, and to further develop thesystem based on the records that can becollected in various countries.
３ Conclusion
Previous studies have shown that thecollaboration between RA and SAI can produce excellent results. I recommend
satellite-based soil management to link the two. Satellite-based agriculture is aJapanese agricultural practice that automatically manages farms. This will ensurethat people of Africa will not have to be consumed solely by agriculture. They will
have more time to spend on their studies. I also hope to use Africa's digital revolution
to promote innovation and build a large-scale Internet system.
However, there are some problems. For example, the benefits to the countries thatprovide technology and funding are too small. The challenge for the future will be
how much merit we can show to the developed countries.

４ References
Population of Africa
https://graphic-data.com/page/geography/026
Soils of Africa
https://ajf.gr.jp/book/bk-food-security/5-2/
http://www.jiid.or.jp/ardec/ardec53/ard53_key_note2.html
Source of Africa
https://theexchange.africa/countries/african-countires-are-rich-in-resources/
Africa High Resolution
https://www.jircas.go.jp/ja/program/program_d/blog/20210330
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/the-children-s-continent/
Hunger in Africa
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/hunger/africa_hunger/
World hunger rates
https://volunteer-platform.org/syokuryou/
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/hunger/africa_hunger/471/
World Children's White Paper 2019 - Food and Nutrition for Children
https://www.masahiro-ishida.com/post-10774/
Soil level
https://www.jircas.go.jp/ja/program/program_d/blog/20210330-Potential for environmentally regenerative agriculture-.
https://www.jircas.go.jp/ja/program/proc/blog/20220715
https://www.jircas.go.jp/ja/release/2022/press202205
Internet situation in Africa
https://africabusiness.beforward.jp/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E3%81%8C%E6%B3%A8%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%80%8C%E3%82%A
2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%81%AE%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%
83%AB%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E6%96%B0/
https://gigazine.net/news/20160527-africa-internet-situation/
Agriculture by Satellite
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/contents/ohabiz/articles/2023_0417.html
https://agrinfobank.com.pk/prospectus-and-constraints-of-satellite-farming/
SAIhttps://saiplatform.org/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/a-Sustainable-Agricultural-Intensification-and-its-enabling-environment_fig5_346032895
RAhttps://upfood.earth/regenerative-agriculture/https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsustainablereview.com%2Fregenerative-ag
riculture-explained%2F&psig=AOvVaw27GIP59pHYilt3TrRs98K7&ust=1702690615769000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CAUQjB1qFwoTCMjog_2mkIMDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
Agricultural measures in Africa
https://www.jetro.go.jp/biz/areareports/2020/ccc5e3ac0ecefbc7.html
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/kokusai/kokusei/kaigai_nogyo/k_syokuryo/h20/pdf/h20_africa_01.pdf

Japanese Pro-wrestling to the World
Meaningful alternating current with foreign groups
5129 Yuoka Masahiro
Abstract
From 2020 to 2023,there was a big effect by COVID-19 in Japan. The Japanese
pro-wrestling industry also suffered great damage. let companies limit the number of athletes
and support from fans. The biggest pro-wrestling company in Japan, New-Japan
pro-Wrestling, should have kept their profit but they couldn’t do it.
These days, many people think the impact of COVID-19 will converge but the company still
has a little damage. I started to think about if the pandemic happens again, what actions thecompany should do. The most important thing is keeping the popularity and being active. It isdifficult to come and go again and again between Japan and other countries. Generally
speaking, the companies are said that they don’t want to communicate with each otherbecause it means showing their own audience to the enemy. However, it is important to makenew stimuli to keep profit when famous athletes abroad can’t come to this country. So
Communicating with each other a lot of times is good. Also making new relationships
between companies abroad is a good way to show the stimuli. As I said it is not easy to comeand go so I want to suggest the rental trade ,exchanging wrestlers into organizations. The
theory can make novelty matches. Of course they are rivals. Therefore the companies don't
usually use this system.
1 Introduction
These years,Japanese Pro-wrestling, including New japan pro-wrestling, which is thebiggest in Japan,has grown. In the Showa period,it is normal that the TV programs
connecting Pro-wrestling’s viewership ratings were always over 20%.
The beginning of the Heisei period, the popularity of the sport was decreasing because of theinfluence of MMA but when star athletes like Hiroshi tanahashi and Kazuchika Okada
appeared, the industry could reclaim its popularity. In 2019, the yearly revenue became about
5 billion yen. The number was the best in the history of this company. However, the impact
by COVID-19 caused great damage to this company after 2020. It made the profit decrease
and made the government restrict a lot of things in watching sports thereby audiences can’t
enjoy the real Pro-Wrestling.
Many of the audience told like ‘‘Matches came to be boring.’’ Nowadays, New japan
reclaimed the popularity but it took about 3 years to take the benefit as of 2019. I wonder how
to recover the damage quickly if the pamdemic happen again,so I started to think about that.
2 Discussion and implication
New Japan is said to be the third biggest group in the world. (The most is WWE andthe second is AEW.) Connection between New Japan and WWE is very thin and there is no
merit for WWE to cooperate with others because the gain is by far the best in the world.

AEW was established by famous wrestlers in 2019. One of the athletes and the vice presidentof AEW is Kenny Omega. He is known as a great champion of New Japan in this country. It
is said that if he couldn’t have played an active part in New japan, he couldn’t have made thecompany. Therefore we can see a little involvement between 2 groups after AEW rose toprominence in the United States. In 2022,the joint event named Forbidden Door was held.
The tickets were sold out only 40 minutes after beginning selling them and the revenue of
PPV, which is the system that paying money for paid content, was recorded to be about 650
million yen. The number was the best for both groups in that year. We can conclude thatJapanese fans like to watch the rise of foreign wrestlers who were active in Japan andAmerican fans and other country’s fans want to watch unknown wrestling stars in Japan.
What I want to suggest is the lentaling transfer. It was often seen in the soccer world. Thissystem was used in the Pro-wrestling world long ago. Athletes can work in other groups set
time while keeping the contract with a company which they belong to now in this systemstyle. Audiences can watch athletes who have another style than their favorite group’s
wrestlers, so they don’t have to get bored and they can notice a lot of the charm of this sport.
Furthermore, New Japan Pro-Wrestling has a new American organization, NJPW STRONG,
which was created to discover new star athletes for those who currently have difficulty
coming to Japan, and it would be possible to replace the athletes with those from Japan.
NJPW STRONG has a strong relationship with Japan, so it would be easier to input andoutput players, and we thought this would be an effective way to increase the popularity ofJapanese wrestling in both Japan and the U.S.
3 Conclusion
Most New-Japan pro-wrestling fans believe that a limited-time mutual rental transfer
with AEW would allow both Japan and the U.S. to discover the appeal of professional
wrestling in new ways. We also thought that a similar rental transfer or one-way transfer withNJPW STRONG (since NJPW STRONG is a sibling company of New Japan Pro-Wrestling,
it is difficult to imagine that a one-way transfer would cause much damage) could improve thepopularity of Japanese wrestling in both Japan and the United States. This research was
motivated by any serious disasters, but we would like to make a plan that can be utilized evenafter some debacles are resolved.

4 References
New Japan Pro-wrestling･･･https://sp.njpw.jp/
AEW･･･https://www.allelitewrestling.com/
WWE･･･https://www.wwe.com/
Local Performancehttps://repository.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3328&context=gradschool_dissertations

Treatment of Mental Illness with Music
Music therapy for all mentally ill patients in Japan
5201 Igahama Tamaki
Abstract
This study examined how we can solve various problems in the treatment of mental
illness in Japan. I focused on music therapy, which uses music to treat illness and disability.
The goal of the study is to improve mental health care and increase treatment options forpatients. Music therapy has many therapeutic benefits. For example, it has relaxing effects
and creates opportunities for communication with others. However, music therapists are an
occupation and they are not well recognized in the country. There are big differences between
Japan and the West in the year it was established, and it can be said that Japanese psychiatry
is behind the times. There are limited treatment options compared to other countries. This is
the major reason why the number of patients in Japan increases year by year and requires alonger period of treatment than in other countries. I propose four actions to catch up in thedevelopment and improvement of health care. Presentation of a unified educational process
for training music therapists by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology. Nationalization of the music therapist certification examination. Income stability
protection for music therapists by the government. In addition, insurance coverage for music
therapy. These will increase the visibility of music therapy in society. And the employment ofmusic therapists will increase, and the number of people who are involved in this therapy willgrow. This will make music therapy more accessible.
1 Introduction
I started this research because I was interested in why this was happening when I
learned that the number of suicides in Japan was increasing. After that, I learned that this wasdue to the increasing number of mentally ill patients in the background. The table and graphbelow show the increase in the number of mentally ill people in Japan and the increase insuicides as a percentage of the population. Is Japanese medical care giving quality treatment
to the increasing number of patients year after year? Therefore, I decided to research ways toincrease treatment options and improve health care. Although there is no one-size-fits-all
treatment for all patients by individual differences in psychotherapy. However, I would like topromote the use of music therapy, which is not widely practiced in Japan. Music therapy canbe relaxing because it affects the autonomic nervous system and changes heart rate and bloodpressure. It can also affect the state of mind, activating emotions, perception and cognition.
This effect may improve depression. Some memories and emotions are recalled by listening
to music, and it is effective in the treatment of memory disorders and lack of emotion.
Enjoying music with others can create a sense of connection, intimacy and camaraderie,which has the effect of alleviating symptoms of autism and communication disorders. I
believe that by making music therapy an option for all patients in Japan, this research will
improve health care.

2 Discussion and implicationsFirst, I studied the prevalence of music therapy. The main reason for the lack ofdevelopment of music therapy in Japan was investigated. In Japan, we rarely hear aboutmusic therapists in our daily lives, and I know nothing about them. There are several reasons
why music therapy and music therapists are not widely known to the public. First, being a
music therapist is a profession. For people to become one, they have to be qualified. In orderto qualify, they need to study at a university. However, there are only about 10 universities inJapan where music therapy can be studied. Certification as a music therapist is not easy toobtain and requires a high level of skill and knowledge. In addition, this certification is not anational examination and is administered by the Japanese Society of Music Therapy.
Therefore, it is not clear whether a qualified person will be employed by a medical
institution, special education school, or children's home. The number of people who want tobecome music therapists is small, and employment is low compared to the rest of the world.
The small number of music therapists forces medical institutions to choose psychotherapy,
which is not music therapy, when providing treatment.
To begin with, music therapy was established in the West in the early 20th century, apioneer in psychiatry. Music therapy was already established as a form of treatment during
World War I and World War II. However, the first music therapy in Japan was in the 1980s.
This means that Japanese patients have been without access to music therapy for almost halfa century. Japan is completely behind other developed countries in music therapy andpsychiatry. This limited availability of treatment options compared to other countries is amajor reason why the number of patients in Japan is increasing each year and why theyrequire longer treatment periods than in other countries.
I have come up with four measures we can take to help Japan catch up on mental healthcare and make healthcare more accessible. First, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology should present a unified educational process for training music
therapists. In today’s Japan, there is no clear curriculum for music therapist training, unlike
the general educational content of universities. Therefore, I believe that unifying and clearlystating the curriculum will ensure equality in music therapist training education, as lectureswith the same general content for the music therapist certification examination will be given
throughout Japan. In addition, a well-known institution like the Ministry of Education shouldmake this information public. This would be one way to make the existence of music therapy
more widely known throughout the country.
Second, it's a nationalized music therapist certification exam. It is believed that thiswould increase the level of trust in music therapy, as patients would be reassured that musictherapy is a nationally recognized treatment method. In addition, if the certification exam
becomes a national exam, medical institutions and other employers of music therapists will
be able to hire them with peace of mind, and employment will increase.
The third is the government's income stability protection for music therapists. In
Japan, most music therapists are employed on a part-time basis due to the low demand formusic therapists. As a result, income for music therapists is often low and unstable. The lackof a high income, even after passing the difficult certification exam, also contributes to the
low number of people who want to become music therapists. If the government provides
financial support and otherwise stabilizes income, the number of people studying music
therapy can be expected to increase.
Finally, there is insurance coverage for music therapy. In the United States, music
therapy is covered by insurance. In Japan, there is an insurance system called "Medical Carefor Services and Supports for Persons with Disabilities," which the Ministry of Health, Laborand Welfare defines as "for patients receiving treatment for psychiatric illnesses," but music
therapy is not actually included. Insurance coverage is expected to reduce or eliminate theamount of money patients have to pay out of pocket for medical treatment, thereby increasing
the number of people who try music therapy and expanding the range of treatment options forpatients' mental illnesses. By increasing the number of treatment options available throughmusic therapy, it is expected that the number of patients who can be cured will increase.
3 Conclusion
Japan as a country needs to establish music therapy as a form of treatment and music
therapists as a profession. I propose four things to ensure that people suffering from mental
illness in Japan can receive effective treatment. These are: a unified educational process forthe training of music therapists by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology (MEXT), nationalization of the certification examination for music therapists,
income stability protection for music therapists by the government, and insurance coveragefor music therapy. These four activities will improve medical care for patients with mental
illness and make music therapy available to all people with mental illness.
There are several challenges to doing these things. Even if music therapy can be offered
in medical institutions, I need to increase the number of patients who want to receive it. I
need to think about how to provide information and outreach to those affected by mental
illness.
In addition to that, I should think about how to manage the large amount of money thatwill surely be required in the process of actually implementing insurance coverage and a
subsidy system to stabilize the income of music therapists.
I would like to think about how music therapy can be integrated into daily life, not only
from a medical perspective, but also for the mental care and improvement of mental
conditions of people with developmental and physical disabilities.
4 References
https://japan-who.or.jp/wp-content/themes/rewho/img/PDF/library/061/book6402.pdf
Depression in the World, Japan, and Myself (June,15,2023)

https://chikyumura.org/2014/11/post-743.html
Why does Japan have the most psychotic beds in the world? (June,15,2023)
https://cellbank.nibiohn.go.jp/legacy/information/ethics/refhoshino/hoshino0122.pdf
On Music Therapy (July.5.2023)
https://medical.nikkeibp.co.jp/leaf/mem/pub/series/1000research/201610/548509.html
More than half of physicians are interested in music therapy (July.5.2023)
https://kokorotalkmusic.or.jp/music/02.html
NPO, Mind Chattering Music Studio (September.14.2023)
https://kenko.sawai.co.jp/theme/202011.html
The Power of Music to Heal the Mind and Body (September.14.2023)
https://www.jmta.jp/music_therapist/school_list.html
The Japan Society for Music Therapy (July.5.2023)
https://gigazine.net/news/20211214-reduction-suicide-hip-hop/What hip-hop classics have been shown to have the potential to help prevent
suicide?(July.5.2023)
https://ptotst-tensyoku.com/column/music-therapist/134
What kind of work does a music therapist do? (September.14.2023)
https://musicpowerforall.com/service/
MUSIC POWER for ALL (September.14.2023)

Break Away from Smartphone Addiction― Protect against the danger of smartphone ―5202 Aki
１.Introduction
These days I feel I cannot live without my smartphone. There are situations in which asmartphone is keeping touch with family and friends and checking information in
emergencies. In addition, playing games and using social networking services are a daily life
not only for young people, but also for people of all ages. In addition, with the Coronadisaster smartphones have become the mainstream way to get tickets to museums and someparks, and the use of smartphones has increased. In addition, my own smartphone usage time
has increased since the Corona disaster, and I now carry my smartphone with me without
letting go of my skin. When I researched, I hit smartphone addiction and learned some
applications and games such as social networking sites are structured in a way that users canuse it a lot. Making it easy to become on them without realizing it. This led us to consider
what kind of countermeasures would be an effective way to avoid smartphone dependence.
In addition, smartphone dependence can lead to other pain, obesity, vision loss, headaches,and even economy class syndrome which can lead to death. I have learned that many people
have these symptoms and that many people become addicted they can’t notice becoming
smartphone addiction. Based on this, I considered that the cause of smartphone dependence islikely to be the use of smartphones without knowing their dependence, which leads tosmartphone dependence.

2.Discussion and implications
Smartphone dependence can lead to other pain, obesity, vision loss, headaches, and even
economy class syndrome which can lead to death. I have learned that many people have these
symptoms and that many people become addicted they can’t notice becoming smartphone
addiction. Based on this, I considered that the cause of smartphone dependence is likely to be
the use of smartphones without knowing their dependence, which leads to smartphonedependence.Prior studies have shown that the Corona Disaster increases the number ofpeople who become addicted to their smartphones spending more time at home andsignificantly decreases the quality of their sleep. And it also found an increased risk ofdepression.In addition, a study conducted on university students in Thailand found womenare more susceptible to smartphone addiction. The reason for this is that women are more
susceptible than men. I considered that the increase in the smartphone-dependent populationin the Corona Disaster was due to the fact that smartphone dependence was not known to the
public. Therefore, I thought that the number of dependent people could be reduced bylearning about smartphone dependence at a young age and learning about the dangers early.
So I focused my research mainly about young people. Smartphones have convenientfunctions such as games and social networking services that make it easy to have fun while inuse. So the user's interest is stimulated and kept up while using the phone. The smartphone
addiction is a dependence in which people want to use smartphones for longer periods of timein search of more fun, and become addicted to smartphones in a way that they cannot stop bythemselves. In 2013, a Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare research group studied about
4,000 adults and found that around 4.21 million people were smartphone-dependent. This
figure is 1.5 times higher than a similar survey conducted in 2008. The following is the resultof a 2013 MHLW survey of about 100,000 people aged 13-18. A 2013 Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications survey of 2,600 10-25 year olds found smartphone dependence
was higher among those in the prime of their teenage years. This problem has become asocial issue not only in Japan, but also in many other countries including South Korea,
Vietnam, and France. The table below shows that in response to the question, "Can you spend
a whole day without using your smartphone?" The table below shows that in many countries,
around 50% of people answered that they "cannot spend a day without using a smartphone,"
including 68.0% in India, 55.7% in South Korea, and 49.8% in Japan.

（https://webtan.impress.co.jp/n/2019/08/08/33584 ）Several countries around the world have initiated policies to reduce the number ofsmartphone-dependent youth. Korea started policies to reduce the number of smartphone
addicts early on and has now succeeded in reducing the number of smartphone addicts in
Korea. Around 2011, the Korean government introduced a "youth nighttime game shutdown
system," under which children under 16 years old cannot access online games from midnight
to 6:00 am. This system has reduced the number of children accessing online to some extent.
The most significant effect of this policy making is that the public became aware that Internet
addiction is a serious problem because of this policy by the government. In addition, a surveyof Japanese high school students shows that a high percentage (93%) of them answered thatthey were aware of smartphone addiction. However, the percentage of those who answered"yes" to the question "Are you aware of your smartphone dependence? This result shows thateven if people know about smartphone dependence, it is difficult for them to be self-aware ofit. It is very difficult to get rid of smartphone dependence on one's own, so it is important totake countermeasures in advance. Therefore, I felt that the most effective way to prevent
people from becoming addicted to smartphones is to make them aware of the fear ofsmartphone addiction, as was the effect of the policy implemented by the Korean
government.

3.Conclusion
The study found that most people who become addicted to smartphones are not unaware thatthey are addicted to smartphones, but are more likely to be unaware that they are developing
the condition. Based on this, thought that in order to become aware of smartphone addiction
at an early stage. It was necessary to use a chart that allows people to perform a self-check ofsmartphone addiction and see how much they have become trapped by their smartphones. We
also thought it would be good to let people know about the effects of smartphone dependence
on the body and mind. The challenge now is to figure out how to validate and implement
these. We would like to investigate other ways to self-identify smartphone dependence
besides self-checking. I have also found that if you are dependent on your smartphone, it isalmost impossible to escape on your own. Unless policies are implemented on a country-widelevel, such as the South Korean policy I mentioned earlier, we will not see a significant
decrease in the number of smartphone users. However, it is difficult to implement suchpolicies on a country-by-country basis, due to the constitutional issues in each country. Future
research should focus on measures that can be implemented among family members toprevent dependence on smartphones. We would like to think of ways to escape fromsmartphone dependence that can be implemented at home, with as little stress as possible
about removing the smartphone.
4.References
https://webtan.impress.co.jp/n/2019/08/08/33584
Global Comparison Survey
5月6日
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000116.000013597.html
Japan Survey
5月6日
https://www.furyu.jp/news/2018/06/gtl59.html
Survey of high school girls
6月18日
https://webronza.asahi.com/business/articles/2018031300004.html
French government measures against smartphone addiction
6月18日
https://style.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASFK0100W_R00C13A8000000/?page=2
South Korean government measures against smartphone Dependence 6月18日
https://seimei-hp.or.jp/addiction/screening/check06/
Self-check sheet for smartphone dependence Seimei Hospital
https://tms-clinic.jp/column
TMS treatment
8月6日
https://townwork.net/magazine/life/133457/
How to stop dependence on smartphones

8月27日

https://tone.ne.jp/column/howtouse/smartphone-addiction-2/
Smartphone dependence Cases and measures
9月3日

8月6日

https://markezine.jp/article/detail/22437
Smartphone dependence awareness
10月15日https://www.shinjuku-stress.com/column/psychosomatic/smartphone/
Smartphone dependence linked to depression 12月18日
https://forbesjapan.com/articles/detail/Brain-altering smartphone addiction fear

1月26日

https://www.town.kumano.hiroshima.jp/www/contents/1627893732477/index.html
Protecting children from smartphone dependence 1月26日
https://www.lab.toho-u.ac.jp/med/omori/mentalhealth/mental/smartphone_dependence/index.
htmlTOHO UNIVERSITY about smartphone addiction 1月26日
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12257
Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic
Review
3月9日

Solving Food Problems with Foodtech-Toward a world where people do not have to worry about food-5203

Esaki Arisa

Abstract
The goal of my research is to expand the use of food tech-based products around the world. I
would also like to propose a proposal that will help reduce hunger by promoting thetechnology to developing countries.
The background of my research is that I am interested in food and I want to research what I
am interested in. The reason why I want to promote food tech is because I believe that foodtech has many advantages and is necessary to enrich people's lives and realize a sustainable
society. In my research, I would like to focus on alternative foods among food tech products.
The reason why I would like to use alternative foods to reduce hunger is because alternative
foods provide efficient nutrition and can be mass-produced, which are necessary for those
who are suffering from hunger.
Although alternative foods have various advantages, they are not widely used because of
their "high cost" and "developing taste". However, according to Foodtech, plant meat will
become cheaper than animal meat in the future because of "cheap raw materials," "highquality," and "mass availability," which means that alternative foods are less expensive. In
terms of taste, we believe that the availability of alternative foods and the efforts of many
companies in food development will improve the taste of alternative foods. These are some of
the reasons we believe that alternative foods will spread throughout the world.
For the second goal, to reduce hunger, we are intending to achieve this by providing
mass-produced, nutritious alternative foods for free . For this purpose, we would like to sellalternative foods as donated products in developed countries, and treat a portion of the profits
earned from such sales as an expense.
1.Introduction
I like to eat and am interested in food, so I have been doing research on food loss, sushi, andso on. I have been doing research on food loss, sushi, etc. So, when I was researchingfood-related issues, I came across the keyword "food tech" and found many interesting
examples of food tech applications, which I wanted to combine to solve food problems.
Food tech is a technology that uses the latest technology to develop food in completely new
ways and to discover new methods of cooking . It is attracting attention as a new foodpossibility.
For example, food tech could make it possible to recreate meat from vegetable protein ordevelop pasta that provides the necessary nutrients in a single dish.
As I researched food tech, I found that it targets mostly developed countries and is not well
adapted to people in developing countries. I thought that if we have advanced technology, weneed to not only develop it further, but also create products that will enable people indeveloping countries to live more affluent lives.
Therefore,I would like to cooperate with people in developed countries in creating suchproducts to reduce hunger.
I would also like to propose solutions not only for hunger but also for other food problems
for example food loss and food safety by using food tech.
２.Discussion and implications
The primary research goal is to spread food tech-based food alternatives around the world.
By doing that, I hope to make developed countries more prosperous and developing

countries more accessible to nutritious food for more people. Food tech is expected to help
solve food shortages caused by the world's growing population. In Japan, population isdecreasing, but from the perspective of the world population, the world population in 2015
was approximately 7.38 billion. It is predicted to reach about 8.55 billion by 2030, and is
projected to continue to increase after that.
In addition to concerns about food shortages due to population growth, climate change due toglobal warming and other factors may cause crops to not grow as well as they have in thepast, resulting in reduced harvests. In this regard, food tech is expected to stabilize foodproduction and improve yields.
As you can see from the hunger map above, there are many people in the world who are
hungry.The purpose of this research is to use food tech to help reduce hunger among
them.The reason why I use food tech I believe that food tech alternatives can supplement
what is lacking for the hungry because they can be mass-produced and provide easy access tonutrition.Other potential solutions for food tech include addressing hunger, food loss, labor
shortages, and vegetarianism.

Given its why isn't food tech, which has so many advantages,then, why isn't food tech being
used more widely.
The reasons are the high cost and the fact that the taste has not yet evolved.
The two main drawbacks are
・Taste is still evolving
・Cost is highAs for the high cost, which is a particular problem, it means that the cost of developing
alternative food and other products is high. However, although the cost is high in the earlystages of technology and market, it is said that alternative foods will become cheaper in theplant-based meat will become cheaper than animal meat in the future in terms of "cheap raw
materials," "high quality," and "available in large quantities." In other words, alternative
foods will become cheaper.
Points out that the key to consumer acceptance is price parity. The report notes thatalternative proteins must have the same taste and texture as the traditional foods they replace,and cost the same or less. According to the company's research, price parity will be achievedin three key phases.
First, by 2023, plant-based products such as hamburgers, dairy products and egg substitutes
made from plant proteins such as soy and peas will reach price parity.
Second, by 2025, alternative proteins derived from microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast,and single-celled algae will reach price parity.
Third, by 2032, proteins grown directly from animal cells (often referred to as "cell-basedmeat" or "cultured meat") will reach price parity.
According to GFI's own research, the cost of producing cultured meat is expected to reach$2.92 per pound (450 g) in 2030, and it appears that cultured meat could becomecost-competitive with some conventional animal meats.
According to GFI, the development of price parity for plant-based meat will be influenced
not only by production costs, but also by market effects that increase the cost of conventional
animal meat products. Recent developments in the livestock industry, including rising input
costs, labor issues for meat processors, and supply chain disruptions, have all impacted
animal meat prices: in the fall of 2021, conventional meat categories such as beef, poultry,
and pork experienced double-digit price increases compared to the same week in 2020. In
contrast, year-over-year prices for plant-based meats declined or remained flat.
In addition, in recent years, major brands and private labels have already attempted to further
increase demand for plant-based products at lower prices than animal meats; in 2020, Trader
Joe's (Trader Joe's) will introduce plant-based burger patties made with pea protein, priced at$4.49 (approximately $520) for two quarter-pound patties; and Kroger will introduce
plant-based ground chicken in 2020, priced at $6.99 (approximately $810) for a one-pound
serving (approximately 450 g).
Competitor Beyond Meat has also stated that it is targeting a lower price than animal protein,at least for beef, by the end of 2024.
In terms of taste, mass production and scale of production will allow many companies towork on improving taste, which in turn will improve taste.
This will make it easier for alternative foods to reach more people and spread around theworld.

As for the second goal of using food tech to reduce hunger, I believe we can use food tech toprovide alternative foods for free while maintaining food safety during transportation.
However, as mentioned earlier, even if alternative foods are cheaper, it would be difficult toprovide all of them for free.
In this way, by buying alternative foods, we can also donate to the hungry people.
In other words, by buying the product, you are also making a donation.
We would also like to use food technology in the transportation and preservation methods
when providing the food.
３．Conclusion
Alternative foods will become more accessible as it is said that plant-based meat will
become cheaper than animal-based meat, meaning that alternative foods will become cheaper.
The profits from alternative foods as donated products will be used to provide alternative
foods for those who are suffering from hunger in developing countries, both duringtransportation and through the use of food technology. As a challenge, since there are various
types of alternative foods other than soy meat, we would like to consider what types and how
much to provide to the starving people.
4. References
https://wisdom.nec.com/ja/article/2019112901/index.html
What is foodthech?
https://foodtech-lab.jp/casestudy/
Food Tech Case Study
https://anobaka.jp/research/3331/
Why did foodtech become famous?
https://www.exseal.co.jp/blog/taxonomy-19/6726/
What is foodtech?
https://www.beyondmeat.com/en-US/
Beyond meathttps://faq.impossiblefoods.com/hc/en-us/categories/4416662436759-Products
IMPOSSIBLE™ BEEF MADE FROM PLANTS
https://fq.yahoo.co.jp/foodtech/2.html
Food Tech Startup
https://vegnews.com/2022/2/cheaper-plant-based-meat
VEGNEWS
https://vegconomist.com/companies-and-portraits/beyond-meat-aims-to-underprice-beef-by-2
024/
Beyond Meat Aims to Underprice Beef by 2024
https://www.bcg.com/publications/2022/combating-climate-crisis-with-alternative- protein
A 2021 report by investment firm Blue Horizon and management consulting firm BCG

Grasshoppers for Food
Good protein
ID 5204 Yuki Otani
Abstract
I did a study to make it possible to eat grasshoppers, because they are sustainable food.
Actually I heard that food is disposed of as garbage in developed countries. On the other hand
there are a lot of people suffering from food shortages. I felt this must be a problem, because
this fact means that an adequate amount of food isn’t supplied properly. That’s why I started
my study with this theme. This time I aimed at desert locusts.Actually they contain an
adequate amount of nutrition and they are easy to feed, so we can contribute to theenvironment by incorporating them into our daily meals. If we can rear them in farms, we cancut the cost to feed them rather than to feed existing livestock. This time, I’ve focused onfood in Africa.
Gathering information about this study, I found that desert locusts contain a lot of chemical
substances and pesticides in their bodies, so It is difficult to eat them after approaching areas
with pesticides.Actually we can eat them before they approach those areas, but we can’t
detect places where they grow easily, because those places are usually uncivilized.
1 Introduction
I mainly used the internet.Then I made several questions, because I would ask them to acompany which is engaged with agricultural business.After that, I asked some of them to an
officer of the company whose name is Olam international .
Actually, I was shocked when I found that more edible food than all food supplied todeveloping countries to help people has been disposed of in Japan. Besides, I could easily
assume that much more edible food has been disposed of all over the world at the sametime.This means that limited food hasn’t been allocated to people correctly.I thought ‘’What
the hell is going on?’’ I have to tackle this problem as a citizen of the earth. Hence I decided
to research these topics. In the progress of my research, I have come to realize that it isdefinitely difficult to change the current food supply system, because in the modern economic
system, resources such as food gather to those who have wealth. Therefore I made a subtle
change with my theme and continue to do my study to supply adequate nutrition to people
who are in danger because of lack of food.Then I aimed at insects,especially at grasshoppers.
I wondered that for most people, when they hear the word insect, they feel disgusted andsome of them feel interested.But you may be surprised if you hear that insects are saviors forhumans. In fact,they have already begun to save the world.

2 Discussion

In fact, the existing systems of Livestock industry are not sustainable. This is because theirsystems use a lot of water, forage and other natural resources to produce meat.
Mr.Onishi(2017)contends that an unavoidable fate of conventional livestock farming is that agreat deal of energy is expended on inedible parts of the animal, such as bones, skin andoffal. Only 40% of a cow is edible, and 60% of inedible parts are discarded. In contrast,
Insects are an excellent food source, with an average of 80% edible portion and very little
waste.(figure 1and2) Also noteworthy is the high feed requirement. Whereas cattle produce
large amounts of manure and lose a lot of energy through body heat, weight, posture
maintenance, exercise, and burping, insects have a feed conversion efficiency of 50%,
converting food into animal protein. Actually,Cow protein is only 0.04%,which means that
we can produce the same amount of meat with much less food if the technology of farming
insects becomes available.(figure3)Besides, according to Mr.Onishi insects produce far lessgreenhouse gasses than existing livestock such as cows . It means that Insects food is a superfood. With these results I think it is worth considering for our future.
Therefore I focused on desert locusts and considered a way to make those insects into edible
nutrition and supply starving people with them,because there have been serious problems
owing to the recent mass outbreak of them around the African continent. Namely, I tried tosolve both mass outbreak and lack of nutrition with desert locusts. Hence, I came up with an
idea of capturing them and processing them into food.Instantly this idea seemed to work
well,but there were several difficulties making it difficult to realize my plan. First, there is a
probability that we might eat harmful chemicals when capturing wild insects and processing
them into food to eat,because they might have eaten plants with pesticides and gathered themin their bodies somehow. Second, it costs a lot to predict the areas where they are and capturethem in vast wildernesses in Africa.Therefore my idea was impossible.
However, I believe that I can definitely make use of this study for the future.Thereupon I
searched for any information about the insect food industry on the internet and found thatsome people in south east asia have sold crickets for the feeding of pets and for human food.
Therefore, I’ve been thinking about importing the way to farm crickets to developing
countries.According to Mr.Onishi, the system of farming crickets is relatively easy to copy.
Thus, importing not only the knowledge of infrastructures but also the knowledge of farming
insects in a safe way could be necessary for the food shortages in the future.

3 Conclusion
Although my plan turned out to be impossible now, I was able to learn the food shortages
deeply,and realized the importance of insects. Besides, I have no doubt that this study must be
crucial to make the modern society sustainable. Hence, I would like to continue to pursue asolution to this problem.

4 References
動物性タンパク質源である昆虫食のエネル ギー的可能性

figure1

figure2

figure3

Grasshoppers for Food
Good protein
ID 5204 Yuki Otani

Abstract
I did a study to make it possible to eat grasshoppers, because they are sustainable
food. Actually I heard that food is disposed of as garbage in developed countries. On
the other hand there are a lot of people suffering from food shortages. I felt this must
be a problem, because this fact means that an adequate amount of food isn’t
supplied properly. That’s why I started my study with this theme. This time I aimed atdesert locusts.Actually they contain an adequate amount of nutrition and they areeasy to feed, so we can contribute to the environment by incorporating them into ourdaily meals. If we can rear them in farms, we can cut the cost to feed them rather
than to feed existing livestock. This time, I’ve focused on food in Africa.
Gathering information about this study, I found that desert locusts contain a lot ofchemical substances and pesticides in their bodies, so It is difficult to eat them after
approaching areas with pesticides.Actually we can eat them before they approach
those areas, but we can’t detect places where they grow easily, because thoseplaces are usually uncivilized.

Introduction
I mainly used the internet.Then I made several questions, because I would ask them
to a company which is engaged with agricultural business.After that, I asked some ofthem to an officer of the company whose name is Olam international .
Actually, I was shocked when I found that more edible food than all food supplied todeveloping countries to help people has been disposed of in Japan. Besides, I could
easily assume that much more edible food has been disposed of all over the world
at the same time.This means that limited food hasn’t been allocated to people
correctly.I thought ‘’What the hell is going on?’’ I have to tackle this problem as a
citizen of the earth. Hence I decided to research these topics. In the progress of myresearch, I have come to realize that it is definitely difficult to change the current foodsupply system, because in the modern economic system, resources such as foodgather to those who have wealth. Therefore I made a subtle change with my theme
and continue to do my study to supply adequate nutrition to people who are indanger because of lack of food.Then I aimed at insects,especially at grasshoppers.
I wondered that for most people, when they hear the word insect, they feel
disgusted and some of them feel interested.But you may be surprised if you hear

that insects are saviors for humans. In fact,they have already begun to save theworld.

Discussion
In fact, the existing systems of Livestock industry are not sustainable. This isbecause their systems use a lot of water, forage and other natural resources to
produce meat. Mr.Onishi(2017)contends that an unavoidable fate of conventional
livestock farming is that a great deal of energy is expended on inedible parts of theanimal, such as bones, skin and offal. Only 40% of a cow is edible, and 60% of
inedible parts are discarded. In contrast, Insects are an excellent food source, withan average of 80% edible portion and very little waste.(figure 1and2) Also
noteworthy is the high feed requirement. Whereas cattle produce large amounts ofmanure and lose a lot of energy through body heat, weight, posture maintenance,
exercise, and burping, insects have a feed conversion efficiency of 50%, convertingfood into animal protein. Actually,Cow protein is only 0.04%,which means that wecan produce the same amount of meat with much less food if the technology offarming insects becomes available.(figure3)Besides, according to Mr.Onishi insects
produce far less greenhouse gasses than existing livestock such as cows . It meansthat Insects food is a super food. With these results I think it is worth considering for
our future.
Therefore I focused on desert locusts and considered a way to make those insects
into edible nutrition and supply starving people with them,because there have been
serious problems owing to the recent mass outbreak of them around the African
continent. Namely, I tried to solve both mass outbreak and lack of nutrition withdesert locusts. Hence, I came up with an idea of capturing them and processing
them into food.Instantly this idea seemed to work well,but there were several
difficulties making it difficult to realize my plan. First, there is a probability that wemight eat harmful chemicals when capturing wild insects and processing them into
food to eat,because they might have eaten plants with pesticides and gathered themin their bodies somehow. Second, it costs a lot to predict the areas where they are
and capture them in vast wildernesses in Africa.Therefore my idea was impossible.
However, I believe that I can definitely make use of this study for the
future.Thereupon I searched for any information about the insect food industry on
the internet and found that some people in south east asia have sold crickets for thefeeding of pets and for human food. Therefore, I’ve been thinking about importing
the way to farm crickets to developing countries.According to Mr.Onishi, the systemof farming crickets is relatively easy to copy. Thus, importing not only the knowledgeof infrastructures but also the knowledge of farming insects in a safe way could benecessary for the food shortages in the future.

Conclusion
Although my plan turned out to be impossible now, I was able to learn the foodshortages deeply,and realized the importance of insects. Besides, I have no doubtthat this study must be crucial to make the modern society sustainable. Hence, I
would like to continue to pursue a solution to this problem.

References
動物性タンパク質源である昆虫食のエネル ギー的可能性

figure1

figure2

figure3

The future for ‘Young Carers’〜Recognize and Solve〜
5205 Sakura Ohyama
Abstract
Around the world, there are many children who help care for relatives with a disability,
illness, mental illnesses, drug or alcohol problems. For example, they do extra tasks insideand outside the home, such as cooking, cleaning, dressing, and helping with moving around.
Also, they may provide a lot of physical and emotional help to their parents, brothers orsisters who's disabled or ill. These children are called ‘Young Carers’. The problem of Young
Carers is that they cannot or find it difficult to go to school for many reasons, such as lack oftime and stress. To solve this problem, we have to realize them first. One of the problems ofYoung Carers is that they are unaware of themselves as Young Carers. Therefore, the firststep is to find Young Carers. After finding them, it is indispensable to prepare theenvironment for them to have a fulfilling learning experience at school. Organizing
recreational and learning sessions between Young Carers during lunch breaks and after
school can be one solution. This would give children time away from their families. In
addition, they will be able to connect with other children in similar situations, and reducestress.
1 Introduction
Each of the Young Carers has their own issues and situations. They are unable to go toschool and study as much as they need. They may also feel lonely and unable to reducestress.
I had never heard the word ‘Young Carers’, but I noticed it at the age of 15. My mother’sfriend’s daughter was a Young Carer. She had 3 younger sisters and brothers but no father.
Her mother worked very hard to live, but did not have enough time to take care of her young
daughter and son. Since then, the oldest sister has been taking care of them and her healthhas been damaged. I recognized that ‘Young Carers’ are close to us.
According to the study of Mr. Kawamoto Hideki(a visiting researcher at the Research andDevelopment Center for Vocational Education), the research on Young Carers began in Japanaround 2005, introducing the preceding research in the United Kingdom, but the question of
who and how to support Young Carers is not yet recognized as a common issue even amongprofessionals. In addition, it is necessary to continue conducting research with a broad
perspective that goes beyond the conventional system of support. Also, the discovery ofYoung Carers and the presentation of specific methods to support them are the challenges for
Young Carer research in Japan.
This study will investigate the way to discover and make opportunities that make it easier for
Young Carers to study and enjoy their own time to rest. There are two ways to create
opportunities: by preparing the environment for learning at school, and by preparing theenvironment at home. However, preparing the environment at home is difficult because eachchild has their own issues, and it is hard to solve them directly. Therefore, the researchquestion is “How Young Carers can be supported?”
2 Discussion and implications
A ‘Young Carer’ is the term used for children and young adults who have informal caring
responsibilities, often for a family member. Legislation in England defines a ‘Young Carer’
as a ‘person under 18 who provides or intends to provide care for another person’.

In Japan,1 in 17 junior high school students is caring for a family member. Also, about 2% ofthem identify themselves as Young Carers. This shows that there is low awareness of the termYoung Carer.
According to the graph above, there are many negative effects on the school life of Young
Carers. For example, they spend more time alone or in the nurse’s office at school, andfrequently miss paperwork deadlines or forgets school items. From these things, Young
Carers are unable to do enrichment studies at school and more likely to be absent fromschool.
To solve this problem, Takasaki city started ‘Young Carer SOS’, which provides services
aimed at alleviating burdens in the lives of young carers by dispatching supporters who
perform household chores and nursing care on behalf of young carers, free of charge. Not

only that, there are various kinds of support programs in various parts of Japan, although thenumber of young caregivers is increasing because they are not yet widely recognized.
In contrast, England and the United States are actively providing assistance.
In England, a local authority must take reasonable steps to identify the extent to which there
are Young Carers within their area who have needs for support. They focus on recognizing
and supporting each Young Carer. For example, there’s a ‘School Carer Support’ that
improves identification of Young Carers and sets out an offer of personalized support. In
addition, it initiates and facilitates other services. England is the leading country in the
support of Young Carers, and awareness of this issue is spreading in the country.
In the state of Florida in the United States, the American Association of Caregiving Youth(AACY), a non-profit organization, conducts stress management sessions in schools, mainly
for Young Carers aged 12 to 18. In addition, lunchtime sessions are held for them in theschool during lunch time, and study sessions are held to support them in their studies. Outsideof school, they enjoy recreational activities such as picnics and camping with other Young
Carers, allowing them time away from family care. Home visits and individualized support
are also provided for them. After AACY-supported Young Carers entered high school, it isestimated that more than 97% of them successfully graduated from high school and morethan 90% went on to college.
Not only England and the United States, but also various countries are taking measures to try
to help them.
In India, the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory EducationAct of 2009 provides thatevery child between the ages of 6 and 14 has the right to free and compulsory education in aneighborhood school until completion of primary education. The law effectively allows themto receive a break during the day. However, the majority of children with disabilities do nothave access to or are not accepted by regular schools. Furthermore, there is no specificprovision in the law that explicitly states that Young Carers are included. The Indian
government already knows that they tend to drop out of school and attend irregularly becauseof their role in providing care. However, Carers Worldwide is working to change that byidentifying and working with them to help them return to school, enabling them to makesocial connections with groups of Young Carers, and providing welfare assessments andsupport. Since 2012, around 300 young carers have returned to school.
3 Conclusion
From these contents, I got 2 suggestions for my research question. I thought it is necessary
to recognize Young Carers first, based on the efforts of other countries. In Japan, many ofthem are unaware that they are Young Carers, so I considered that it would be better to focus
on finding them first. There are many ways to find them. For example, teachers and social
workers like lifestyle counselors will interview students who are frequently absent fromschool or who are unable to concentrate on their studies. After finding them, it isindispensable to prepare the environment for learning at school. For that, organizing
recreational and learning sessions between young carers during lunch breaks and after school
can be an effective way, not only because they can make time away from their family, butalso because sharing and talking with friends in similar situations can reduce their stress. For
my challenges ahead, I would like to guess what we can do directly to support them. In
addition, I want to consider whether there should be legislation for supporting them or not inJapan. There’s legislation to support them in England, but not in the United States. It mightraise the popularity of the term, and adequate services can be provided. I believe that Young
Carers can live their lives more comfortably than now.
4 Refrences「ヤングケアラーの現状と課題」
https://diversity-oows.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/youngcarer.pdf (June.15.2023)「ヤングケアラーに関する調査研究について」
https://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/seitoshidou/mext_01458.html (June.15.2023)「ヤングケアラー支援の先進地イギリス ソール・ベッカー教授に聞く」
https://www.nhk.or.jp (July.5.2023)「海外のヤングケアラー支援の取り組みとは？日本のヤングケアラー支援における課題について解説」
https://c4c.jp/carers/knowledge/youngcarer-overseas/ (July.5.2023)“Global State of Caring”
https://carersjapan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/IACO-GSoC-Book-japanese-July11.pdf(July.6.2023)“Carer Passport”
https://carerpassport.uk/education (July.6.2023)“Trends and Achievements in Young Carers Research in Japan”
Kawamoto Hideki
Vocational education center of research and development
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/vetrdi/4/1/4_45/_pdf/-char/en (August.18.2023)“Young Carers: Survey Finds Alarming Number of Junior and Senior High Students
Burdened and Isolated by Caregiving Roles”
https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00997/ (September.14.2023)

Intuitive Learning
Gamification for dyslexia children
5206 Okada Kengo
Abstract
This paper deals with education for children with dyslexia through gamification.
In recent years, more and more dyslexics have been losing access to education. One factor isthe difficulty of traditional learning. Conventional learning in this context refers to analog
classes, where the teacher and student meet face-to-face. I propose to increase dyslexia's
interest in education through more intuitive and comprehensible gamification using
Minecraft. The advantages of this class include ease of operation, ease of comprehension of
the lesson, and ease of equipment preparation. However, to achieve these satisfactorily,
economic issues, more detailed big data, conflicts with traditional education, and specificlesson plans are problems. My future plan is to conduct research based on an educational
approach to dyslexia in learning opportunities that are not limited to the narrow communityof school education.
1. Introduction
In this paper, we discuss education for dyslexia using Minecraft. According to
UNICEF, around 200 million children worldwide have perceptual, mental, or intellectual
disabilities and are 49% more likely to be unable to attend school at all, 47% more likely toattend primary school, 33% more likely to attend junior high school and 27% more likely toattend high school, compared to children without disabilities. Dyslexia is a particularly
well-known characteristic. On a smaller scale, the number of special-needs schools isincreasing in Japan. This means that the demand for education for people with disabilities isincreasing in Japan.
2. Discussion and implications
In recent years, the trend has been to make programming education compulsory inelementary schools and information subjects in upper secondary schools. However, thequestion has been raised as to whether disabled people are included in these subjects. The
Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
recommends, as one of the activity guidelines in the curriculum guidelines for special-needs
schools, 'learning activities for children to acquire the logical thinking skills necessary to
make the computer carry out the intended processing while experiencing programming'. This
is indicated for persons with disabilities, including dyslexia, but to meet this criterion
teachers have to assign them a certain number of difficult tasks. This leads to the concern thata gap may be created between the original objectives of information subjects and the content
of the lessons.
In defining information education, MEXT states that "Information education is thedevelopment of children's ability to use information --- organized into the following threeperspectives." It states. The "three perspectives" mentioned here are practical ability to use
information, scientific understanding of information and attitude to participate in theinformation society. The aforementioned logical thinking skills required for programming' isparticularly important among these three perspectives.
I became interested in Minecraft when I heard the news that Mr. Hidekazu Shodo won
the Global Teacher Prize (GTP), the Nobel Prize in education, for his lessons using Minecraftat Ritsumeikan Elementary School in Japan. Minecraft is not a full-fledged program likeordinary programming software, but one that allows children to construct and execute
imperative expressions using blocks and letters that even they can understand. This makes it
possible to visualize the imperative formulae, making programming easy to understand andmotivating. Minecraft is a sandbox (a game that does not require adherence to a set strategy)
video game developed in Java by Markus Persson and employees of Mojang Studios, which
has now been acquired by Microsoft. The game allows players to enjoy survival living andbuilding by freely arranging blocks, and is one of the most popular games in recent years.
Minecraft has an educational version (Minecraft EE), which is a mode that is extremely
tailored to the programming education environment. The main features are the Classroom
Mode and the Code Builder. Minecraft EE allows 30 students to enter a world at the sametime. Classroom Mode is a class progression support function for facilitating classes in
Minecraft EE, for example, it displays a list of learners, allows you to keep track of who is
where, and allows you to change learners' permissions and settings. Specifically, teachers canmake various settings so that Minecraft can be utilized for learning purposes, such as setting
blocks that prohibit use, restricting chat functions, distributing items to learners, andsuspending Minecraft operations. The Code Builder is a system that allows programming to
be carried out by assembling instruction blocks on the Code Builder, like other programming
software, and allows for a higher rate of completion of large or complex tasks in Minecraft.
3. Conclusion
Finally, we discuss the limitations of this study. First, the quality of Minecraft classes
in elementary schools varies depending on whether they are public or private. Compared to
public schools, private schools pay a larger share of schooling costs in tuition fees. Thus, thequality of equipment and tools will differ. It is not possible to provide classes that are equal
for all elementary and middle school students. Second, the target age group in this study was
ambiguous. Elementary and junior high school students have different ways of thinking andunderstanding, and classes must be flexible enough to suit each.
Taking all of this into consideration, I would like to propose an intuitive approach toteaching dyslexia using Minecraft. However, the specific method of operation and the way to
set up the environment are still unclear, so we would like to propose these in the future.
4. References- Nearly 240 million children with disabilities around the world, UNICEF’s mostcomprehensive statistical analysis finds
https://www.unicef.org/rosa/press-releases/nearly-240-million-children-disabilities-around-world-unicefs-most-comprehensive (December 2)

-

The United Nations recommends that Japan stop "special-needs education." In Europe
and the U.S., inclusive education in which children with disabilities and normalchildren learn together is spreading.｜（2022.9.26 Tokyo Shimbun Morning Edition）
https://sukusuku.tokyo-np.co.jp/education/60890/ (December 16)-

Programming Education Promotion Project for Young People｜Promoting
Programmatic Thinking Learning Using Minecraft for Education
https://www.soumu.go.jp/programming/019.htm (November 24)-

Six features of the educational version of Minecraft
https://book.mynavi.jp/macfan/detail_summary/id=99802

Reduction of Manpower Shortage for Prosthetists and Orthotists
Use of 3D technology and organizational system
5207

Ono Hinata

１,Abstract
An orthotist is a healthcare professional who makes and fits braces and splints (orthoses) for
people who need added support for body parts that have been weakened by injury, disease, ordisorders of the nerves, muscles, or bones.
Today, prosthetists and orthotists are in short supply.Then I setted the research question ,"What innovations are needed for the future development of Japanese prosthetists andorthotists"and the solution to this problem was to improve work efficiency.
What is needed to improve work efficiency is the introduction of 3D technology.
However, most prosthetists and orthotists in Japan today belong to private companies sothey cannot start large projects.
Based on the French example and the systems already proposed in Japan, we suggest that agroup of 30% to 60% prosthetists and orthotists be formed to introduce 3D technology.This
would increase the efficiency of prosthetists' work and help solve the man shortage.
２,Introduction
A prosthetist is a healthcare professional who makes and fits artificial limbs (prostheses) for
people with disabilities. This includes artificial legs and arms for people who have had
amputations due to conditions such as cancer, diabetes, or injury.Currently, about 200
prosthetists and orthotists are born every year. However, compared to the more than 100,000
physical therapists and 70,000 occupational therapists, there are only a little less than 5,000
certified prosthetists, which is an overwhelmingly small number.In the past, I had studied thesolution to the shortage of prosthetists and orthotists by increasing the number of prosthetists
and orthotists. The results showed that this was possible but difficult. Therefore, I started on adifferent front.
Then I setted the research question, "What innovations are needed for the future
development of Japanese prosthetists and orthotists?" I decided to solve the shortage of
prosthetists by increasing work efficiency.
３,Discussion and implications
As a way to solve the manpower shortage problem of prosthetists and orthotists, I consideredintroducing 3D technology to improve work efficiency.
First, I researched other countries that use 3D technology in the production of prosthetics.In
France, 3D digital technology has been in practical use as a production tool for prosthetics forabout 20 years, and its name is 3D-CAD/CAM. Proteor, a French company that is introducing
3D digital technology, produces about 30% of the prosthetics in France, and 99% of the trunk
orthoses are now produced by 3D-CAD/CAM.The 3D-CAD/CAM developed and used byProteol is called "Orten".It consists of "Orten3DCam", a structure sensor attached to an iPador iPhone with a dedicated app installed, "OrtenShape" software for model modification, and"OrtenMake", a cutting machine for producing positive models.There are some advantages
when using 3D-CAD/CAM compared to traditional plaster production.First,while plaster
places a physical burden on the user and requires consideration for dirty, scanning can becompleted in a short period of time and does not require concern for dirty.In addition, theability to scan while lying down significantly reduces the burden on theuser.Second,prosthetists and orthotists can send scan data, making it easy to work on
production and modification from mold taking.Third,while plaster models are subjected toshaving correction, heaping correction, and angle correction by the prosthetist's senses,
3D-CAD/CAM enables the same model to be produced because the amount of suchcorrection can be checked numerically and the data can be retained.In other words, the degreeof precision increases.Fourth,compared to plaster models, 3D-CAD/CAM models are madeof rigid polyurethane, which is lighter and significantly reduces the probability of back pain
during handling.Fifth, the model does not require drying time.Thus, the fabrication of
prosthetics devices using 3D-CAD/CAM has many advantages than conventional fabrication
methods.
Also in Japan, a service called “eLabo” has been developed. It is a cloud service forprosthetists that uses 3D printing to manufacture and sell therapeutic insoles optimized foreach individual's body and needs.This system is designed to solve the problems that arise
when introducing 3D technology, such as learning period,cost,delivery time, and correction
support.First, regarding the time required to learn the software, the application includes a
guide function that allows each user to work on their own without taking time to learn thesoftware.The cost of equipment will be reduced by downloading the application to your own
laptop computer or tablet and registering as a user. The application will be cloud-based, andan offline mode will be included in anticipation of use at medical sites where radio wave
transmission and reception is difficult. In addition, the central fab method of manufacturing
has been adopted to increase the utilization rate of the 3D printer and reduce costs.The speed
at which revisions can be made is also higher, so the issues of delivery time and revisions canbe solved.
The reason why Japan has not introduced 3D technology is that prosthetists in Japan today
often work for private companies and then go to work for hospitals because it is easier forthem to produce and conduct research, but it is difficult for private companies to introduce
new technology.
The similarity between the French example and eLabo is that they are merging the
production of prosthetics and orthotics. Therefore, I thought it would be better for Japanese
prosthetists and orthotists to merge as well, instead of working for each privatecompany.However, that method temporarily develops a company, but in the long run, one
company monopolizes the firms.Competition among firms is essential for the development of
the industry. Even when I visited Yakult in Singapore, I heard that competition among
companies is necessary for the development of the industry.Yakult currently accounts forabout 60% of the same firms.
Since “Proteor” in France accounted for 30% of the total, I thought that a cohesive group of
30% to 60% would make it easier to incorporate the technology as a large company while
maintaining competition.

４,Conclusion
As a conclusion to the research question, "What innovations are needed for the future
development of Japanese prosthetists and orthotists",the work efficiency needs to be
improved.Therefore I suggest creating a group of 30% to 60% prosthetists and orthotists
instead of each small private company. We will be able to bring 3D technology to thosegroups.This would increase the efficiency of prosthetists' work and help solve the man
shortage.
References
Survey on collaboration between staff and physicians involved in prosthetic limb
production(May 5,2022)
https://igakkai.kms-igakkai.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020ky/ippannkyouyou46)61-70.20
20.pdf
3D digital technology in the field of prosthetics and orthotics in Japan(September 9,2022)
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jspo/36/3/36_198/_pdf/-char/ja
3D digital technology in the field of prosthetics and orthotics in France(November 7,2022)
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jspo/36/3/36_194/_article/-char/ja/
Toward Social Implementation of 3D Digital Orthotics(November 7,2022)
https://sig4dff.org/conference/2020/proceeding/OP12.pdf
Occupational and Physical Therapists by the Numbers (Journary 10,2023)
https://www.isu.ac.jp/medipro/therapist.html
job medley (Journary 10,2023)
https://job-medley.com/tips/detail/374/
Examples of Prosthetist Work(Journey 10,2023)
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/10800000/000825602.pdf
MIRAIKUS Why is Japan's population of people with disabilities increasing now?(April
24,2023)https://miraix.jp/find/post-050/

For Children To Be Children
Easy access to education for all
5207 Katayama Kiichiro
Abstract
According to a 2019 report by UNICEF, nearly 258 million children cannot go to school, andmore than one-third of them, 104 million, are affected by conflict and natural disasters. The
aim of this research is to increase the number of children who access education. There are
economic, regional, and structural causes for educational disparities. These problems cause anegative spiral in which a child becomes an adult without improvement in economic andcommunity inconvenience, and that child again does not receive an adequate education. I’ll
think about economic causes in this research. In poor communities, it is difficult to procure
supplies for school. For this reason, developed countries donate school supplies.My
suggestion is to conduct a donation activity which is currently done by individuals in eachschool in developed countries. It is a positive way to collect more school supplies anddecrease postage. Also ,since many people who do not donate feel that they do not know if
their donations are really helping, I think it is necessary to show the results of their donations.
In addition, we can donate various things instead of school supplies. I would like to focus on
this kind of activity and think about an environment that is easy for all children to live in.

Introduction
I became interested in educational disparity in the process of researching social problems
occurring around the world, and decided to do research on the subject. Educational disparityrefers to the disparity in education depending on the place of birth and upbringing and theenvironment. Currently, many children are unable to receive a proper education. One of thereasons why educational disparities remain unresolved is the negative cycle of poverty. Whena child grows up in a poor environment, he or she is forced to work or help out at home tomake a living, and there is no money to send the child to school, so the child is unable toreceive an adequate education. As a result, the children who are born into the world areforced to suffer the same fate as their parents. To stop this cycle, we need to change the poor
environment while making education more accessible. Poverty is one of the world's mostserious problems, with nearly one in ten people in the world living on less than $1.9 a day.
We want to think about what we can do to ensure that children around the world have equal
access to education as we do.

Discussion and implications
Looking at the global education gap, developing countries do not have sufficient access to
education as well as quality of education. According to a 2019 report by the United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF), nearly 258 million, or almost one in six children aged 6 to 17
worldwide, are out of school, and more than one-third of them, or 104 million, are affected byconflict and natural disasters. Sub-Saharan Africa is especially more serious than other areas.
19％ of boys and 24％ of girls are not able to enroll in school there. It is a very significant
problem and should be resolved quickly.
The educational disparity causes various problems for children. They are not able to read,
write, or perform simple calculations and get knowledge and information necessary for daily
life. It will have a bad effect for children to choose their jobs in the future. They will not beable to get enough income and escape poverty. Also, it is difficult for them to obtain adequate
nutrition. In addition, many children are more susceptible to disease and lack access to proper
medical care.
There are three causes of educational disparities. First, economic cause. It is not a smallburden for poor families to send their children to school. It is said that one in ten people liveon less than $1.9 a day. Helping at home or taking care of younger siblings is more important
than going to school. In some cases, children have to work for their life. In this way, poverty
is depriving children of their right to an education. Second, local cause. There is a large
educational gap between urban and rural areas in developing countries. In particular, thenumber of teachers and schools is different. Therefore, there are also disparities in access to
education by region. Third, structural cause. Structural cause means that various causes causea negative spiral in which a child becomes an adult without improvement in economic andcommunity inconvenience, and that child again does not receive an adequate education.This
negative cycle continues from parents to children and from children to grandchildren, and it
is difficult to escape.
When I thought about what I could do, I realized that regional and structural causes among
the three would be difficult to solve by myself, so I thought about solving economic causes.
In poor communities, it is difficult to procure supplies to go to school. For this reason,developed countries donate school supplies. It is a very good thing, but it is done privately.
Therefore, it takes some money when people send boxes which are in school supplies. In
addition, looking at graph 1 below, the number of people who donate school items is a few. I
think it has become a burden for them. Also, a lot of people do not know how to donate orthat they can donate themselves. People can know them by using the Internet, but I think thatthey have few opportunities to research donations.
For these problems, I think that it is good for children to conduct this donation activity which
is currently done by individuals in public places such as schools, hospitals, or city halls. If
donations are conducted in public places, NPOs and other donor organizations can collect
more school supplies and decrease postage. Also, people can donate more easily than now. In
addition, people see donation boxes when they visit public buildings, so it is a good way toincrease the number of people who are interested in donating. Moreover, they do not have to
pay shipping charges. Nowadays, they need to pay for transportation when they send schoolitems. This big burden becomes a bad effect for them to donate. Therefore, donating in public
spaces is a good way to make donations easy and increase the number of people donating.
Since many people who do not donate feel that they do not know if their donations are really
helping. Looking at the graph 2 below, people who are not sure how the money will be used
are most in the people who do not donate. It is necessary to show the results of their
donations in a clear and concrete manner. Also, it is necessary to think about who pays
transportation costs. Until now, the donors themselves have paid for it and the donororganizations have not.
graph 1 [source: Good Service]⑴Keeping as a souvenir⑵Disposed⑶Gave to someone⑷Donated⑸others
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000012.000047059.html

graph 2 [source: Career mam]

①Not sure how it will be used.
②Cannot afford to spend money③shy④Not necessary⑤Not notice the boxes⑥others
https://www.c-mam.co.jp/shufu-labo/research/e/001596.php
In addition, I recently learned that people donate a variety of other things besides schoolsupplies for children in impoverished areas. For example, there is the Reborn Project called“REBORN”, an initiative to convert donated disposable items into polio vaccines for children
to consume. The polio vaccine is one of the vaccines against the new type of coronavirus, andis available for children as young as six months of age, and is widely used in Japan.
From now on, I would like to focus on this kind of activity.
I want to help a lot of children by using this donation system and vaccines.

Conclusion
I have studied the education gap for an environment in which all children can accesseducation easily. These days, a lot of children cannot go to school for various reasons. I wantto save these children because all children should have the right to access education.
My suggestion is to conduct this donation activity which is currently done by individuals inpublic places such as schools, hospitals, or city halls. Donations which are conducted inpublic places is a good way for NPOs and other donor organizations to collect more schoolsupplies and decrease postage. Also, people can see donation boxes when they visit publicbuildings, so the number of people who are interested in donating definitely increases.
Moreover, it would reduce transportation costs.

However, a lot of people who do not donate think if their donations are really helping.
Therefore, I suggest a system of exchange between children who live in poor areas andpeople who live in developed countries. We send some goods and money for children’s
school life, and children receive them. Also, children report their life regularly.
A lot of children cannot go to school in recent years. This is a strange thing. All children
should have the right to accept education. I want to change the situation now for thechildren's bright future. I believe donation becomes the key to solving this problem.

References
・教育格差とは？問題の原因から対策までを分かりやすく解説！【2022 May 20】
https://naruhodosdgs.jp/education-gap-issue-cause/
・【10分でわかる】日本と世界の教育格差の現状と原因を詳しく解説【2022 May 20】
https://www.worldvision.jp/children/education_12.html
・世界で深刻な教育問題。各国の制度や男女格差【2022 August 26】
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/education/
・貧困と世界の子どもたち - ワールド・ビジョン・ジャパン【2022 September 4】
https://www.worldvision.jp/children/poverty.html
・文房具を寄付・寄贈する方法は？主な寄付先や送る前の注意点も【2022 September 4】
https://hedge.guide/feature/stationary-donate-donation-before-sending-important-point.html
・学用品を送る | 物を贈って支援 | ご支援/ご寄付 | 国際協力NGOジョイセフ（JOICFP）【2022 September 8】
https://www.joicfp.or.jp/jpn/donate/support/school_things/
・中古の文房具を途上国の子供達へ寄付しませんか？無料回収します (2060.jp）【2022 September30】
https://www.2060.jp/qanda/572.html
・文房具の寄付を募集、海外支援に役立てます。鉛筆(えんぴつ)ノートなど使いかけ中古品の寄付募集 (world--gift.com)【2022October 3】
https://world--gift.com/kihu/bunbougu-1.html
・変わる、世界と日本の教育（図➀、図②、図③）【2022 November 4】
https://www.jica.go.jp/publication/mundi/1804/201804_02_02.html
・子どもの貧困と教育格差【2022 November 18】
https://cfc.or.jp/problem/
・文房具を途上国や児童養護施設へ寄付して、迷惑にならない？本当に現地の役に立つ
支援の仕方（寄付ナビ）【2022 Desember 2】https://kifunavi.jp/howto/stationery/#1-3
・【8割以上が不用品をごみとして捨てている！？】不用品の寄付で海外の子どもたちのワクチンに…！（PR TIMES）（図④）【2022 Desember 2】
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000012.000047059.html
・内閣府NPOホームページ （TOP > 寄附について > 寄附を知ろう > 寄附理由） 【2022Desember 9】https://www.npo-homepage.go.jp/kifu/kifu-shirou/kifu-riyuu
・career mam（トップ>HOME主婦と消費行動研究所>ほんねリサーチ）【2023 June 5】
http://www.c-mam.co.jp/shufu-labo/research/e/001596.php
・リボーンプロジェクトby RETRADING 【2023 Nobember 6】https://www.kataduke-kaitori.com/reborn/
・【8割以上が不用品をごみとして捨てている！？】不用品の寄付で海外の子どもたちのワクチンに…！【2023 November 6】https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000012.000047059.html
・アフリカに教育支援が必要な理由 【2024 Fedruary 7】
https://www.unicef.or.jp/sfa/report/reason.html
・チャイルドスポンサーになるなら、どこがいい？寄付で子どもを支援する「スポンサーシッ
プ」4選（寄付ナビ） 【2024 Fedruary 7】
https://kifunavi.jp/nonprofits/sponsorship/

Improvement of Non-verbal Communication Skills～Communicate our intentions in non-verbal ways～
5209 Katsuki Osuke
1 Abstract
Mehlavian (1968) stated that in human communication, "verbal is 7% and non-verbal is93%.” If 90% of our daily conversation consists of non-verbal communication, then thisability to express oneself non-verbally is something that should be improved. There are many
languages in the world. Japanese, French, German, and many others come to mind, but infact, it is said that there are approximately 6,900 languages in the world. That is how many
languages and cultures there are in the world. It seems impossible to communicate withpeople from all over the world. In order to eliminate the gap in communication as much as
possible, I will continue my research on the theme of improving non-verbal communication
skills. I am also interested in physical expression. During this research, I would like to find agood way to improve my own ability to express myself.
2 Discussion and implications(ⅰ) What is nonverbal communication?
Nonverbal communication is communication that uses non-verbal information, and there
are various types of nonverbal communication, such as facial expressions, eye contact,
posture, and gestures. The researcher Mehlavian derived the rule that total impression of themessage is 100%, the verbal content accounts for 7%, voice and sound quality for 38%, andfacial expressions and gestures for 55%. Nonverbal communication is more important thanverbal communication when we communicate through face-to-face interaction.
The types of nonverbal communication are as follows.
Body movements: facial expressions, posture, eye contact, gestures, etc.
Physical characteristics, such as style, hair, and skin color, etc.
Contact behaviors, such as touching oneself or others.
Peripheral language: intonation, pace of speech, loudness, and pitch of voice, etc.
Spatial behavior: distance from others, personal space, etc.
Artifact use: makeup, clothing, ornaments, etc.
Environment": architectural style, interior design, lighting, etc.
Although there are many different types of behaviors, this study will focus on "physicalbehavior," especially facial expressions and gestures.
(ⅱ) Facial expressions
In the wide variety of nonverbal communication, the meaning of "facial expressions" hasbeen the subject of great interest and study since the earliest times. Faces contain a great dealof information, including biological attributes such as gender and age, speech information
indicated by mouth movements, social attributes, and psychological states such as emotions,
intentions, and interests. In addition, the face has more than 20 facial muscles, and it is said
that there are more than 60 types of facial expressions that can be intentionally expressedusing these muscles. In addition, facial expressions have the characteristic of universality. Forexample, language varies from culture to culture.Therefore, sufficient linguistic
communication between different cultures requires familiarity with the language. However,even though cultures differ, the biological structure of the face remains almost the same.
Therefore, what is expressed by facial expressions is considered to have a certain degree ofuniversality. It can be said that facial expressions are an indispensable element in improving
the nonverbal communication skills of people around the world in one way or another.
One previous study dealing with the universality of facial expressions was this one. It
investigated whether people in the New Guinea highlands, who have little contact with
Western cultures, can correctly discriminate Western facial expressions. The subjects wereasked to read an emotional passage and then shown photographs of three different emotional
expressions and asked to choose the one that best matched the passage. The results showedthat most of the facial expressions were answered correctly. This suggests that the use of
facial expressions to express emotion is highly universal.
(ⅲ) Gestures
Gestures and other expressions contain a great deal of communicative information. These
are considered to be both innate and acquired. Regarding physical actions, researcher
Maurice (1999) classifies them into four types according to how they are acquired: innate
actions, discovered actions (actions that are naturally discovered and acquired based on thephysical structure, such as arm-folding), assimilated actions (actions that are naturally
acquired by imitating the behavior of others), and trained actions. However, these four types
are not necessarily independent of each other, but rather compound each other to produce awide variety of body movements. He has also conducted research on the meaning of gesturesin European countries. From the data obtained, he calculates a distance called gesturedistance and examines the closeness of European cultures in communication.
Kurokawa (1994) also classified them into five categories. Representations are replaceablewith words and represent some matter by themselves. Exemplifiers are used with utterances
and are used to point to something or to emphasize a thing. Emotional expressions literally
express emotions. For example, making a fist when angry or holding one's head whentroubled. Coordinators coordinate speech, and nodding is considered to be one of them.
Adaptors represent a kind of defensive response. For example, they are behaviors to adapt tothe situation at hand, such as scratching their head or rubbing their head. Posture is also
considered to be important, although in a slightly different lineage. For example, in acommunicative situation with a close partner, forward leaning and postural reverberation(assuming the same posture as the partner) are often observed. Conversely, leaning backward,
folding one's arms, or crossing one's legs are said to have the meaning of creating a barrier
between the two parties. It has also been pointed out that a relaxed posture, such as leaning
on something or lowering one's arms and shoulders, may indicate openness, but it can also be
a sign of dominance or rejection toward the other person.
3 Conclusion
I am now considering doing the following three things. The first is to hold workshops.
There, we will learn about nonverbal communication and actually try to move our body inour daily conversation. The second is to add it to school education. I think it is important tolearn one of the most important skills for living in society. The third is to create a gesturemap. The third is to create a map of the world where people can see information such as "thisgesture is used in this country" or "this gesture is considered rude in this country. This will
make communication in that country safer and smoother. I propose these three things. I
believe that these will improve non-verbal communication skills around the world.
4 References
国によって違うジェスチャー100選
https://business-textbooks.com/gesture100/
コミュニケーションにおける表情および身体動作の役割
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/144431824.pdf
英会話の最中、外国人が表情豊かに見えるのはどうして？
https://www.rarejob.com/englishlab/column/20200805/
非言語コミュニケーションとは？ 93％は非言語で伝達！ 具体的な表情の使い方など
https://www.kaonavi.jp/dictionary/non-verbal-communication/
社会課題を解決するためのコミュニケーション能力の開発
https://www.ssi.osaka-u.ac.jp/activity/core/communication3/
世界で使えるハンドサイン
https://hugkum.sho.jp/288203
ICONSPEAKの詳細
https://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/nl/articles/1604/17/news025.html
非言語コミュニケーションによる異文化交流アプリケーションを用いたネパールでの実験報
告https://muroran-it.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_view_
main_item_detail&item_id=9486&item_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=21
ジェスチャーの使用頻度に関する実証的研究
https://www.kandagaigo.ac.jp/memorial/history/archive/post/files/pdf/12_03.pdf
言語教育と思想形成
https://www.jacp.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/1976_03_hikaku_07_sato.pdf

Promote Domestic Production of Avocados
sustainable consumerism
5210 Kita Kanami
Abstract
This study considers the domestic production of avocados in Japan to alleviate
environmental problems such as water shortages and deforestation caused by the avocados
boom, as well as the burden placed on the people in the production areas.The environmental
problems caused by avocados are serious, and at this point it is difficult to say that production
and consumption are sustainable. However, the cultivation of avocados is quite profitable,
and there is a growing movement to produce avocados domestically in Japan.
1,Introduction
Avocados have become a popular fruit in recent years, especially in developed
countries, due to their health and beauty benefits. It is said to be "the fastest growing fruit in
consumption" worldwide. As the price of avocados has risen, farmers in the production areas
have been able to live a wealthy life. However, the increase in avocados production has led toenvironmental destruction and human rights violations in the production areas. An exampleof environmental destruction is the severe shortage of water. Growing avocados requires
1,800 cubic meters of water per ton, and in Mexico, 3,800 Olympic swimming pools are
consumed in one day for avocados production. Consuming avocados in developed countries
is a virtual water equivalent to consuming water in the avocado-producing regions, and it is
no exaggeration to say that the avocados issue is left to the responsibility of the consumer.
Another problem is the deforestation that is taking place to expand avocado fields and thecarbon dioxide emitted when avocados are exported. On the other hand, the cultivation of
avocados in Japan has been attracting attention in recent years. Avocados are essentially atropical fruit and have been actively cultivated in Mexico and Chile in South America.
However, global warming has made it possible to grow it in temperate Japan. The purpose ofthis study is to solve the problems occurring in avocados producing areas by domestically
producing avocados in Japan, a country that is a consumer of avocados.
The research question for this study is “What is the best approach to domestic
production of avocados in Japan in order to solve environmental problems in the avocado
growing areas?” By conducting this study, I hope to derive solutions to water scarcity anddeforestation in avocado production areas. I believe that the avocado production areas of theworld are unevenly distributed in some regions. The global avocado boom has led to a rapid
increase in avocado consumption, and the environment continues to be burdened by the needto keep up with production. Many countries, like Japan, depend on imports for avocados. In
order to break out of this situation and achieve a sustainable consumption lifestyle, we
believed it was necessary to decentralize production sites and incorporate local production for
local consumption.
2,Discussion and implications

Avocados are a popular fruit worldwide today. Avocados are nutritious and good for
health and beauty. In the United States, the largest consumer of avocados, the style of eating"guacamole," a paste of avocado, while watching sports on TV has become popular. For
example, it is estimated that approximately 300 million avocados are consumed during theSuper Bowl, the championship game of the professional football league, in just a few days in
February. Consumption has quickly expanded, especially in developed countries seeking ahealthy diet, and global avocado imports have more than quadrupled in the past decade. In
the ranking of avocado importing countries in 2020, the United States and Japan are ranked
first and eighth, respectively, with developed countries dominating the top rank. Avocado
consumption in Japan has increased over the past few years, relying almost entirely on
imports from Mexico. Mexico is the largest producer of avocados, producing more than 30%of the world's avocados, and avocado profits have enabled once poor farmers to become
wealthy.

However, as avocado production increased dramatically with the expansion of
avocado consumption, water shortages, deforestation, and other environmental problems
became an issue in avocado-producing regions. Farmers who grow avocados are sufferingfrom severe water shortages. Each avocado requires 70 liters of water to grow, a very highlevel compared to many crops. Originally from Central and South America, avocados are still
mostly produced in tropical regions such as Mexico, Dominica, and Peru, but production isincreasing rapidly as global demand increases. In the case of Mexico, the largest producer,
both production and arable land area have nearly doubled over the past decade. In general,the continued production of certain crops in large quantities tends to destroy the land,especially avocados, which require large amounts of water, and the production of avocados
has increased rapidly, which in turn has led to an increase in illegal deforestation. Avocados
are originally an arid-zone crop, with some years of low rainfall in areas suitable forcultivation. However, prioritizing the deal will lead to forced watering without regard to thenatural cycle, causing severe water shortages in the area. Additionally, water shortages due to
avocado cultivation cause unexpected earthquakes. In Uruapan in Midwestern Mexico, where
avocado cultivation is thriving, the ground shook repeatedly, at times more than 3,000 times
in a month. The local government announced that excessive avocado cultivation had reduced
the amount of water in the ground, creating large cavities in the strata just below the surface.
Crops and livestock products are almost always produced by consuming water.
Importing these products from abroad also means consuming local water. This is a concept
known as “virtual water”. As affluent countries become more beauty and health conscious,
importing more avocados from tropical countries will also increase the amount of virtualwater. In other words, the lifestyle of the rich country is partly responsible for the lack ofwater in the avocado-producing areas.
Avocados, whose production is concentrated in tropical countries, also generate a large
amount of carbon dioxide in their transportation. The transportation of two avocados
produces an average of 846.36 grams of carbon dioxide, which is about twice the 480 grams
required to transport one kilogram of bananas. The current avocado boom is in some ways
counterproductive to the fight against global warming, and part of the reason for this isconsumer behavior.
Avocados are essentially a fruit grown in the tropics and subtropics. Global warming has
made it possible to grow in temperate Japan. In 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries revised its climate change adaptation plan. Promoting the development of high temperature
tolerant varieties and focusing on agriculture that reverses global warming. Avocado cultivation is one
such case, where imported products were distributed in Japan. Avocado production in Japan is only
2.8 tons in 2019. There are only 23 hectares under crop. Only 0.015% of avocados distributed inJapan are domestically grown.
In some cases, citrus farmers have started growing avocados. In Matsuyama City, global
warming has caused a fruit peel disorder in Onshu mandarins, making it difficult to grow citrus fruits.
For this reason, the city has been supplying seedlings to farmers since 2009, aiming to become thelargest avocado producer in Japan. By 2021, about 180 producers will have grown 13 hectares. The
Matsuyama Agricultural, Forestry and Marine Products Branding Promotion Council has certified"Matsuyama Avocado" as a brand. Orange Foods, a food wholesaler responsible for 30% of avocados
produced in Matsuyama, has been promoting sales mainly to department stores in major cities andother out-of-prefecture areas, but plans to increase awareness of its products in the local community.
The festival held in Kagawa Prefecture attracted a total of 500 people over the two days.
Cultivation is spreading mainly in western Japan, including citrus production areas such as Wakayama
and Ehime prefectures, and Kyushu. Avocados are best grown in warm, well-drained, irrigated garden
areas. There are many techniques in common with citrus, such as tree management and pruning, andthere are advantages to utilizing the know-how of fruit tree farmers.
However, there are challenges due to the short history of cultivation. In many cases, farmers
hear about cultivation methods from others and grow their crops through trial and error. The
bottleneck is the fragile production base, with expensive seedlings and few registered pesticides.
Government and research institutions should establish techniques for teaching farmers.

3,Conclusion
I believe it is important to communicate the benefits of domestic production of
avocados in Japan. Domestic production of avocados will help solve the environmental
problems and human rights violations that occur in tropical regions and the carbon dioxide
emissions generated when exporting avocados to Japan. Avocados, with their high unit priceand growing consumption, are attracting attention as a new crop in Japan's tangerine-growing
regions, which are facing problems such as declining profits and increasing abandonment ofcultivated land. I believe that abandoned mandarin orchard lands should be utilized for
avocado cultivation and that techniques for avocado cultivation should be established.
4,References
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220614/k10013670611000.html
An Inconvenient Fact About the Avocado Boom Environmental issues and evenkidnappings? (2023/11/20)
https://www.kudamononavi.com/graph/worlddata/item=avocados
Ranking of avocado production areas around the world (2023/11/20)
https://www.sunhope.com/mailmagazine/443/
Avocado Situation in the World (2023/11/20)
https://lookat-sdgs.com/column/900/
SDGs Issues Hidden in Familiar Food (2023/11/20)
https://minorasu.basf.co.jp/80390“Domestic production of avocados" is hot right now! Its profitability and tips for stable
cultivation in Japan (2023/11/20)
https://agri.mynavi.jp/2022_12_01_211112/
Toward the challenge of cultivating avocados in Japan Building Soil and Friendship(2023/12/18)
https://www.agrinews.co.jp/opinion/index/131797
Domestic Avocado Recovery Hurry up to establish cultivation techniques (2023/12/18)
https://japanavocadogrowers.com/
Japan Avocado Growers Association (2023/12/18)

Utilization Of Free market〜Food Redistribution〜
5211 栗原大輝
Abstract

My research aims to solve hunger by using the free market.It is the store which provides
food to the poor for free.I want to put this into practical use in Japan and contribute to solving
hunger.
There are countless benefits to solve hunger.First,what we get from solving hunger is related
to various things which have anything to do with human activity and they will bring great
benefits.Second,as the world’s population increases,demands for food are expected to rise to
1.5 times its current level by 2050,while the world's population growth may not affectJapan.Japan is also affected because Japan depends on imports for its food supply.Third,asthe yen has weakened,prices in Japan have risen.Tax increases not only make life difficult forcommon people, but also put pressure on the lives of people in need.
The current situation of world hunger shows that it is widely distributed.According to theUnited Nations, global hunger is on the rise.
The current state of hunger in Japan is that one in twenty people is starving.Poverty rates are
particularly high in Okinawa and Kagoshima.
In order to solve these current problems, I propose the practical application of free markets
in Japan.It distributes food for free to poor people.This idea is based on something called
OzHarvest Market in Australia.The main advantage of this is that it can tackle both poverty
and food waste at the same time.However, it is unstable because it depends on donations for
operation.We would like to utilize crowdfunding and donations to raise funds.
introduction
Initially, I chose the main subject of my research from SDGs.The theme which made me
interested was hunger.I thought that if we were able to increase human resources throughstarvation, it would be an opportunity to solve various problems such as water shortage,urban
depopulation and population decline,because of Increasing potential for new technology
development.
There arenumberless benefits to solve hunger,but I focused on three.
First,what we obtain from solving hunger is related to various things which have anything to
do with human activity and they will bring great benefits such as an increase in the labor
force,being able to save lives.
Second,as the world’s population increases,demand for food is expected to rise to 1.5 times
its current level by 2050.While the world's population growth may not affect Japan.Japan isalso affected because Japan depends on imports for its food supply.Japan's foodself-sufficiency rate is only about 40%.
Third,as the yen has weakened,prices in Japan have risen.Tax increases not only make life
difficult for common people, but also put pressure on the lives of people in need.
Discussion and implication
According to the graph on the left,the world's
population is increasing and will reach 10 billion people
by 2058.Along with that,global demand for grains is
expected to increase by 1.5 times
and demand for livestock products by 1.7 times.There
are limits to the expansion of farmland,and only about
20 years left until 2050.We must tackle this issue quickly
and seriously.
Next is the scene of global hunger.Severe hunger isconcentrated in Africa and South Asia,but Hunger
occurs in large parts of the world.Therefore, it isnecessary to take effective measures in eacharea.Each country has different geology andtemperature.So the same agricultural system does notwork effectively in all countries.
By the way, regarding the situation of hunger inJapan,one in twenty people is starving.Areas mostaffected are southern prefectures such as Okinawa and Kagoshima.（According to referencematerial 1）
Regarding the main topic of the free market,OzHarvest Market, which I used as a reference,
has the following three mottos:Not to waste food,Anyone can use it,Enrich the country.
They use these to raise awareness of the "food loss problem" where food is discarded eventhough it is still edible and to provide support to people who are having trouble making aliving.They run the free market using only volunteers and donated food and generated salesof 1.7 million yen in the first five weeks of opening.They have reduced food waste by 25,000
tons.

Conclusion
Based on these, I propose to set up a free market in Japan.In Japan, the same amount of foodis thrown away every day as every Japanese person throws away a cup of rice.In particular, I
would like to encourage installation in Okinawa and Kagoshima.The biggest advantage ofthis solution is that it can tackle both food loss and hunger.

Citations and references
Reference image 1 https://tokyo.unfpa.org/ja/news/wpp2022
Reference image 2https://ja.wfp.org/publications/hankamatsufu-2020
Reference materials
1.
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/poverty/asia_poverty/japan_poverty/#:~:text=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E8%B2%A7%E5%9B%B0%E7%8E%87%E3%81%AB,%E3%82%82%E6%B3%A8%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82
2.
https://ausijyu.com/freesupermarket-nsw/
3.
https://www.ozharvest.org/
４．
https://moneyworld.jp/news/05_00026325_news

５．
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/hunger/6246/

For All Living Things To Be Happy~To create a world where people and animals co-create~5212 Kosuge Rintaro
Abstract
These Days, a lot of wildlife is rapidly disappearing. According to Biological
Reviews, a study of the increase and decrease of more than 70,000 species ofwildlife on the planet found that 48% of all animals are declining. A major cause is
the uneven distribution of wildlife numbers due to the ecosystem. The increase of
only some wildlife will have a negative impact not only on humans but also on otherwildlife. If the ecosystem does, the number of soils and plants maintained by wildlife
will change. Finally it happens many kinds of extreme weather. We have to solve thisproblem, however, humans kill more and more creatures for selfish reasons. I thinkpeople should protect wildlife to revive wildfires and their living place. It is necessary
for us to cooperate with all countries and do what we can in each area.
1.Introduction
According to Wildlife Populations Worldwide Have Plummeted, the reason for the
decline of many kinds of wildlife is exploitation by human habitat degradation andchange. For example, South Africa is experiencing a serious decline in freshwater
fish due to the introduction of non-native species and habitat degradation. In thisregard, a CNN article states, "Freshwater fish feed 200 million people and support
the livelihoods of 60 million. We also depend on river ecosystems for water,
sanitation and power." We live in an ecosystem. I believe that we, as members of theecosystem, must help wildlife. However, this problem is too hard to solve because
the number of wildlife species is more numerous than people.
Currently, only volunteers from various countries, led by the World Wide Fund for
Nature, are working on this problem. Finally, we aim for a state where humans andwildlife do not live in the same place, but where wildlife lives where it belongs.
People around the world should be aware of this problem and do something about it.
2.Discussion and implications
To save more wildlife, we must avoid directly interfering with them. This isdangerous for them and for us. I decided that we need to fundamentally change thewild environment. Therefore, I will suggest a solution to save wildlife from threeperspectives: afforestation, creation of rich soil, and reduction of human-derived
waste.
First, I think the most effective solution to save wildlife is tree planting. According
to theThe Connect U.S. Fund, “At the source of almost every ecosystem are trees,
serving as home, place of protection and food source for most animal species, andeven us humans. By simply growing them, you are helping wildlife and ecosystems
to thrive.” Moreover, plants not only provide food for herbivores, but also help thembreathe and contribute to the reduction of global warming. This shows that plants
have a great effect on animals and the environment. However, forests created byafforestation can be a risk to wildlife if they are not managed properly. Native species
may find it difficult to live in the forest, and planted forests may bring in non-native
species, among other things. In addition, if plants are not planted in the right places,
the forest will become uniform, and the ecological balance will collapse.Therefore,
when planting trees, it is necessary to conduct sufficient research and plan
accordingly.Based on these considerations, we should expand our tree planting
campaign even further than we are now and strive for a greener society.
Second, creating rich soil.Ecological balance is not formed by animals and plants
alone. Soil, which nurtures plants and provides a source of nutrition for animals, isalso a necessary element for wildlife to survive.Explain the effects of soil on forests.
The organic matter supplied to the forest ground, such as fallen leaves, animal
excrement, and carcasses, is converted into inorganic matter. They are again
absorbed by plants and preyed upon by animals. In this way, the soil cleans thenatural environment and plays a part in the ecological cycle.However, rich soil is notavailable in the entire world. The Sahara Desert in Africa is experiencing a droughtthat is seriously affecting the animals that live in the area. It is not possible toimprove the climate of the area or to relocate the animals that make it their habitat.
We cannot enrich the dry soil, so I propose the establishment of protected areas insuch areas.However, the important thing is that the differences in habitat andterritory size of each animal must be taken into consideration.Take the endangered
white rhinoceros as an example. According to the WWF, White rhinos have complex
social structures. Groups of sometimes 14 rhinos may form, notably females withcalves. Adult males defend territories of roughly one square mile, which they markwith vigorously scraped dung piles. The home range for adult females can be morethan seven times larger, depending on habitat quality and population density. Thus,
with regard to areas where the natural environment is in disrepair, we propose theestablishment of protected areas.
Finally, I suggest reduction of human-derived waste.

It is no exaggeration to say that improper garbage disposal by people has the mostnegative impact on wildlife. In recent years, large amounts of microplastics havebeen washing into our oceans and rivers, and many wild animals have died as aresult of ingestion by marine life and the animals that prey on them. In this study, I
think this problem is the most serious. But it is the most solvable problem. To take itto the extreme, if people would stop throwing garbage into the wild, we could prevent
wildlife from dying. So how do we solve this problem? I propose that once a month,
the whole world should have a "Be Kind to the Earth Day," where we review the stateof the global environment and actively donate money and pick up trash byorganizations and companies. Since the world today is well established with most
government agencies and the environmental organizations under their jurisdiction, if
we work together, we may be able to gradually work toward a world where wildlife
can live comfortably.
3.conclusion
In light of the above, I am committed to working with the government and ourselvesto improve the habitat of wildlife as well as to an environment in which wildlife is notinvaded by humans. Conflicts frequently occur in many parts of the world today, andI believe that now is the time for all people to work together.
4 References
World Has Lost More Than Half Its Wildlife In 40 Years: Reporthttps://www.fox61.com/article/news/local/outreach/awareness-months/world-has-lost-more-than-half-its-wildlife-in-40-years-report/520-b81a859f-22cf-423f-9ab7-7433e25
acd59
WWF
https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/white-rhino
7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Afforestation
https://connectusfund.org/7-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-afforestation

The Establishment of Animal Welfare-keep pace with advanced countryID 5213 Sakuraya Kanon
1.Abstract
Animal Welfare: The idea of establishing a method of rearing livestock that reduces theburden on the animals.
Animal Welfare began about 60 years ago, in the 1960s in the U.K. In the 1960s, chain stores
began to appear and food production started to take off on a larger scale than ever before.
Chain stores were required to provide a uniform taste in every store, so the mechanization of
livestock rearing began in earnest. Since many restaurants serve pre-processed food, theprocess is less demanding. On the contrary, what came to be demanded was drastic cost
cutting, mass production, and efficiency. Farms became factory farms in the pursuit ofefficiency. The focus is on the fact that these issues go around and end up with you, and theend point is posed as creating a better environment for livestock. The significance of this ismainly to improve quality, improve our own health, and prevent obesity. From theperspective of the SDGs, the rapid resolution of this issue is necessary to build a sustainable
city. While major developed countries have made significant efforts to address this issue,
awareness of this issue is still low among developing countries and some developed
countries, and we believe that how each country addresses this issue will be the key tosolving it. The issue of public awareness is also a concern, and we will consider how toaddress this issue later on. As for the future outlook, this issue is relatively easy to tackle inall countries, and we would like to work out a plan so that no country lags behind in this area.
2.Background of Research
Animal Welfare: The Idea of Establishing Breeding Methods that Reduce the Burden on
Livestock
As mentioned in the overview, animal welfare will become increasingly important in the
future society. Countries that lag behind in animal welfare efforts are characterized by small
land areas and large amounts of food waste. In order to establish animal welfare, it isimportant to secure an area for each livestock and to improve the environment. The root of
the problem is the factory farming of the meat production process, which has the advantage
of mass production at low cost. The advantage of factory production is that it is cheap andmass-producible. This means that excessive production leads to food waste, which is one of
the characteristics of countries that lag behind in animal welfare. In addition, the challenge is
to make the livestock industry conform to the way it should be, which is often seen indeveloped countries. These problems are deeply rooted in people's awareness, and unlessthey are recognized as problems, there will be no signs of solutions. Therefore, it is necessary
to consider the economic situation of the country.

3.Purpose and Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study is to establish animal welfare.
The significance of this research is that it will lead to an increase in the quality of edible meatand processed products, and ultimately to the improvement of our health. In addition, theprocess of solving the problem will inevitably lead to solving multiple social problems, albeit
indirectly.
(Solutions to multiple SDGs)
4. research methods
Much of the information about animal welfare is gathered from websites. However, there
was still not much information available, so I supplemented it with documentaries and othervideos and books.
5. research results and discussion
Animal Welfare: The Idea of Establishing a Less Burdensome Method of Raising Livestock
Animal welfare began about 60 years ago in the United Kingdom in the 1960s, when chain
stores began to appear and food production was beginning to take off on a larger scale thanever before. The advantage of chain stores is first of all that they are cheap, and secondly thatthey have a consistent taste. However, behind the cheap price, in a sense, a great deal of effort
by the companies was hidden. The major cost-cutting was achieved through the use of asingle source of feed, dense feeding, and the use of breeding hormones. Most livestock are
fed a single, inexpensive feed of corn. Corn is highly nutritious and can be easily
mass-produced in the vast lands of the U.S., making it an ideal feed for livestock, for whichefficiency is required. The next advantage ofdensely stocked cattle is the reduction of costs.
The disadvantage is the health hazard to livestock.
Because the animals are fattened up in such asmall space that they cannot move, they are raised
in a very dirty environment. The level ofsanitation is reduced by manure and dead bodies.
Most of the animals survive because corn feed ismixed with antibiotics and breeding hormones,
but of course the survival rate of the animals is low. This study refers to such a way of raising
livestock that disregards the lives of the livestock as factory farming.
Since chain restaurants are required to provide a uniform taste in all of their restaurants, thefactory farming of livestock has begun in earnest. Since many restaurants serve pre-processed
products, the process is not so demanding. On the contrary, what was demanded was drastic
cost cutting, mass production, and efficiency. In the pursuit of these things, the livestockindustry became a factory. The endpoint of this project is to create a better environment forlivestock. The significance of this is mainly in improving quality, improving our own health,and preventing obesity. In the extreme, we do not consider livestock to be animals to be kept
for life. From the perspective of the SDGs, the rapid resolution of this issue is necessary tobuild a sustainable city. While major developed countries have made significant efforts toaddress this issue, awareness of the problem is still low among developing countries andsome developed countries, and how each country addresses this issue will be the key tosolving it.
6. conclusions and future issues
One of the things we learned is that the world as a whole is divided into developed anddeveloping countries. We believe that the challenge for the future is to propose new ideas foraligning the progress of these efforts, which will inevitably emerge.

7. references and bibliography
http://www.alive-net.net/animalfactory/fact/blackbox1.htm
Japanese livestock farming in the black box 5.23
https://www.jetro.go.jp/biz/areareports/2019/4b0d8252e1d5d6c4.html
The United Kingdom, an advanced country in animal welfare, and the required response fromJapan 6.7
https://www.jlta.or.jp/news/image/seminar2010/jltaseminar2010_msnagamatsu.pdf
The world situation regarding animal welfare and the current situation in Japan 7.16
https://www.hopeforanimals.org/eggs/abroad-companies/
Overseas situation and efforts of overseas companies 6.7
https://www.hopeforanimals.org/eggs/usa-cage-free/
The sale of caged eggs has already been banned in the Americas. 8.22
https://myethicalchoice.com/journal/ethical/animal-welfare/
What is animal welfare? 9.28
https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASQ1J0JD4PDWUPQJ00M.html"Animal Welfare" is spreading - thinking about the happiness of animals with livestock
farmers 8.2

Education in Developing Countries～In order to break vicious cycle～
5214 Satomi Misaki
1 Abstract
This study is that many children in developing countries can’t receive adequate education becauseof labor and I focused on countries where poverty is a serious problem and aim to solve the vicious
cycle by education. It is hard for people in developing countries to let their children study because
they are important labor, so I try not to force children to stop working. Therefore, I came up withusing a DVD player because if they use it, they can save a lot of time to go to school. In Japan,thesubscription service is more and more popular and that means a number of people become not to
use DVD player these days.Then, I think we can collect it by donation from people who don’t use it
instead of disposing.However, Central African Republic, Mali Niger,Chad and South Africa areleast developed countries and it concerns me that they sell donated DVD player. It is food for them
to be able to get money temporarily, but studying is better for them to get money in the long run.
Therefore, I focused on preschool education.
The way of this study is information gathering by Internet and literature and thinking about what to
do to apply the way of education to children in developing countries.
The issue of this study is that education both by DVD player and preschool need workers. In
addition, that their parents don’t understand why children have to study so they refuse to let themstudy is also a serious issue.
2 Introduction
Children are forced to labor in developing countries, and it is an issue that they are not able toreceive adequate education. That only enables them to find jobs such as farming, or be unable tounderstand and write a document to receive some social services.This study focuses on children indeveloping countries and aims to break the vicious cycle by educating them and making them get a
job with steady and higher income.
The adult literacy rate from 2011 to 2016 was 78% worldwide, but it dropped to 63% in developing
countries, especially in the Central African Republic, Mali, South Sudan, Chad, and Niger at 37%,
33%, 27%, 22%, and 15%. I thought it was good for both children to reduce time to go to school,
because children can receive education without danger and parents who can make their children
work in the time that was supposed to be used to go to school. However, the biggest obstacle of thisstudy is the low rate of internet diffusion and it is 10.40%, 27.40%, 6.50%, 10.40%, and 10.22% in
the countries mentioned above. It means that it is impossible to take classes using the internet.
Then, I came up with an idea to use a DVD player.This study is related to the goal of SDGs,1, “No
Poverty,” and 4, “Quality Education”. Then, in order for all children to receive high-quality
education, it was necessary to increase the literacy rate in the country. Therefore, in this study, thefinal goal is for children in developing countries to read and write languages. Poverty in the world
has aspects that prevent economic growth and lead to wars and conflicts due to social inequality, so
the significance of this study is that it aims to solve poverty by including people who are not poor.
The world as a whole will become better.
3 Discussion and implicationsFirst of all, I consider the way of using DVDplayer and it has some benefits. First, it is good forboth children and parents because children can take classes without danger for commuting to theschool and parents can make their children work in the time that was supposed to be used to go toschool, so they don’t worry about reducing income. That means they can use spare time to study.
Second, it is easier to secure a teacher than teaching in children’s countries because teachers don’t
have to go there and teach the same classes again and again. The Central African Republic speaks
French and Sango, Mali speaks French, South Sudan speaks English, Chad speaks Arabic andFrench, and Niger speaks French. That means that we don’t have to ask many teachers to takevideos of lessons.
In addition, recently “E-waste” has become a world problem, so it will be able to reduce it.

Then, I came up with “early children education” considering the high ability of memory andpronunciation recognition. However, This study’s problem is that there are some cases where there
is no objective to raise literacy rates, such as in the developing countries where there are noindustries other than agriculture and mining, or where the parents of the children are not educatedeven for early childhood education, so they don’t understand the need to educate their children, and
it is difficult to apply early children education.
4 Conclusion
In conclusion, I will promote early childhood education through DVD players. Then, if thechildren don’t have interest or they can’t learn a language and easy calculation well, they can watch
videos of lessons whenever they need these skills, for example to receive some social services or
get a well-paying job.
5 References
statistical date / a white paper of world children UNICEF
Statistical data | The State of the World's Children 2021 Japan UNICEF Association(Augast 15, 2022)

main languages of each country
Countries of the world: Main languages ​of each country(June 25, 2023)
Global e-waste
Global e-waste increases by 21% in five years, but recycling can't keep up - Our World(November 25, 2022)
Ochanomizu University Research Center for Child Development and Education
Handbook of Early Childhood Education
To support early childhood education in developing countries(December 23, 2022)
The Asahi shinbun SDGs Action!
What is child labor? Introducing the current situation, causes, efforts around the world and Japan,
and main solutions: [SDGs ACTION!] Asahi Shimbun Digital(November 20, 2022)

How to Increase Travelers and Improvement The Way Which Travelers
Reception Community
To think with the trends of travelers

5215 Hiiro Suzuki
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to develop and improve the traveler reception
community in Japan. This research is made by a survey from the Internet and an interview.
The conclusion is to add visits where people can learn about social issues to the bus tours thatcurrently exist. This will enable people to learn about social issues and revitalize the region.
1. Introduction
The purpose of this research is to improve the environment community for tourist
destinations. If I create a welcoming community -It is a situation where the receiving location
can invest in the community and hospitality.- , I can expect an increase in inbound tourists
and tourists. After that, Japan's economy will be revitalized, income for tourist destinations
will increase, and the money can be used to prepare new facilities to accommodate tourists.
As a result, the receiving host will be able to respond, creating a virtuous cycle in which
everyone will not experience any problems. (Refer to Figure 1)

The above is the purpose and significance of this research, and I will conduct researchto achieve this purpose and significance.
The research question is how to increase the number of tourists, as stated in the
research theme.
I think three steps are necessary to construct this research.First, to research current
travel trends on the Internet. By investigating the current travel trends in this research, it isthought that it will be the first step towards creating a welcoming community and increasing
the number of inbound tourists. Second, to investigate what solutions are currently being
implemented on the Internet and interviews. By conducting this step, I will be able tounderstand that the current implementation is not satisfactory and will be able to find areas
for improvement. Additionally, by interviewing the people and companies that came up in
this survey, further improvements can be considered.Third, conduct another interview based

on the improvement measures taken so far and consider whether the improvement measures
are appropriate.
2. Discussion and implications
In my first research, I investigated trends in the travel industry.Trends in the travelindustry are as follows. According to Dutch company Booking.com, the following eightitems are expected to predict travel trends in 2019, 2020, 2021 ,2022 and 2023. (Theyannouncement 6 to 9 trends each year, but I wrote only things related to this research )In 2019● A journey full of learning● Traveling with social issues in mind
● Eco-conscious when traveling● Local experiences make your trip a masterpiece
In 2020● A trip to a destination with a variety of attractions
In 2021● Increasing importance of further “value provision”● Growing awareness of “sustainability” in travel
In 2022● People tend to enjoy the feeling of going on a journey for the first time
● People tend to enjoy staying at destinations without any plans
In 2023● A simple and minimal “off-the-grid” trip in nature● Save money and travel in luxury
My idea is suitable for this.I believe that these are effective requirements for solvingsocial problems, and that they are major trends for travelers, so we will focus our research on
them.
This research focused on the first point and investigated what is being implemented tocreate an accepting community. We also visited the companies that came up in the survey andlooked for areas for improvement.
Currently, there is a project by Ridilaba Co., Ltd. called "Study Tour" This project isthe study tour where you visit approximately 60 tour destinations across the country that aim
to solve social problems, and seriously think about the actions you can take while directlyinteracting with the people involved in the problems and those working to solve them. That's
what it seems like. This project targets schools for Japanese students.

I think this disadvantage like below. First, this project is only for students. Because
this is only for students, it is becoming difficult to get new customers and adults can notreceive these services. Therefore, I think it is difficult to solve the problem mentioned above.
Second, all customers live in Japan. It is the fact that the people who come abroad pay moremoney than the people who visit in japan. Therefore, it is difficult to solve the problem
mentioned above. Third, this project is only a group tour. Not everyone who wants toparticipate in this project will be able to do so.
After thinking about the above problems, I made the idea of ​modeling the business of
Ridilaba Co., Ltd. , making it suitable for all ages and making it possible to do it as anindividual trip.
After thinking about the idea, I interviewed Mr. Kanno who works in Ridilaba Co.,
Ltd. about the solution I came up with. The company previously operated a similar businessfor individual travelers, but it appears to have been discontinued.
The reason is that the project made the company end up in the red financially. He said
people usually don’t pay for seemingly formal things such as social issues. People usually
pay for interesting things. Additionally, the company doesn't have the land suitable for thisbusiness. They are currently renting it from other companies. The program was targeted atschools because it was possible to secure the number of participants in a semi-compulsory
manner, and a large amount of money was paid for each project.
After the interview, I came up with a new idea. There is no change in the fact that wemodel the business of Ridilover Co., Ltd. mentioned above. However, it will be aimed attourists on bus tours and other tours.
Finally I would like to explain the reason why people would be able to accept the
study tours. I have two reasons.
First, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries said 86％ of respondents areconcerned about global environmental issues.
Second, I think study tours is Unlike any other travel type. I think there are only two
pivots which are degree of freedom (Well-developed content to high degree of freedom) anddegree of sympathy (empathy to Originality). As seen in the figure2 , study tours is Unlike
any other travel type. I think it is the birth of a new evaluation axis. Therefore, Many people
can show interest in it.
3. Conclusion
As previously mentioned, I suggest that it will be aimed at tourists on bus tours andother tours.The idea is to incorporate“Study Tours” into the existing bus
tours that are organized by travelcompanies and applied for on an
individual basis. (See Figure 2 forspecific examples.)I am convinced that in this way
the aforementioned objectives can beachieved and the aforementioned problems can be eliminated.
However, there are some considerations. People really want to use this plan. I should
think about something charming.

4. References● 「社会問題やエコを意識した旅行が2019年のトレンドに」〈
https://www.sustainablebrands.jp/community/column/detail/1191036_2557.html〉● 「旅行客が増えすぎて困ってしまった観光地。何が問題なの？解決方法は？」〈https://tabizine.jp/2018/02/17/173273/〉● 「国連世界観光機関（UNWTO）駐日事務所」〈https://www.unic.or.jp/info/un_agencies_japan/unwto/〉● 「修学旅行・校外学習を主体性を育む学びの場に SDGs／社会問題スタディツ
アー」〈https://ridilover.jp/study-tour/〉● 「観光士資格認定試験と観光の定義」〈http://www.jtcc.jp/kankoshi/detas.html〉● 「旅行・観光におけるサステナビリティへの意識調査 【楽天トラベル】」〈
https://travel.rakuten.co.jp/mytrip/howto/sustainability-survey2021#01〉● 「今一度社会課題を整理しよう！ 社会的課題・社会的問題一覧まとめ」〈
https://andomitsunobu.net/?p=8713〉● 「生物多様性とはなにか〈https://www.biodic.go.jp/biodiversity/about/about.html〉● 「【わかりやすい】ゴミ問題の原因とは？現状とその対策 | スマートでんきコラム」〈
https://www.smart-tech.co.jp/column/environment-issues/gomi/〉● 「企業倫理の定義と職場での実践例 | Indeed (インディード)」〈
https://jp.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/what-are-business-ethics〉● 「エシカルファッションとは・意味 | 世界のソーシャルグッドなアイデアマガジン |IDEAS FOR GOOD」〈https://ideasforgood.jp/glossary/ethical-fashion/〉● 「外国人観光客増加によるインバウンドの問題と対策とは？ - ホテル・宿泊業界情報
コラム｜おもてなしHR」〈https://omotenashi.work/column/bits_of_knowledge/3832〉● 「外国人観光客のマナー対策で知っておきたい6つのこと」〈https://best-legal.jp/foreign-tourists-breach-of-manners-16173/〉● 「訪日外国人旅行者数・出国日本人数 | 統計情報」〈
https://www.mlit.go.jp/kankocho/siryou/toukei/in_out.html〉※All References was viewed on 18/December/2023.

Build Friendship with Mental Connection
Meeting by psychological type5216 Takeuchi Gaku
Abstract
These days,I hear about human relations issues. Many humans are troubled by thoseissues. At that time,a person who is a friend by mental connection is very important, butaround adults say “You become an adult, the chance of making a friend has been
decreasing”.However, you should not give up making good friends. My study goal is to makethe service for building human relations by mental connection and to increase human connect
by mental. I think if this study advances, you take advantage of building human relations bymental connection. I research existing SNS applications. I list those application’s
problems,and create an ideal application’s image. Additionally, I consider that I separate
users by psychological type because I think psychological connection is important.
In conclusion, I separate users by psychological type, and suggest those services. I want tosearch for differentiation from existing SNS applications, and SNS application’s safety.

1. Introduction
I think modern humans and ancient humans have different stresses. Human’s lifestyles
are changing. We have enough food,houses or clothes, but we must work because we needmoney. These days,we are very tired of human relationships. Mental stress comes fromseveral scenes. For example, at the office,at home. Humans feel many kinds of stress.
It is difficult to solve those stresses alone. I think many modern humans have been understress. I consider best friends to help solve those problems ,so I imagine the service is easy tomake friends with strong connections. The purpose of this study is to imagine the service
which helps make a good friend for modern humans. Modern humans are apt to feelloneliness. I think we should supplement loneliness with new relationships, because
loneliness help suicide in recent years.My research quetion is ‘how do connect goodchemistry persons by psychological type’.

2. Discussion and implications
When I started this study, I searched for the psychological type. I found
MBTI(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) and stress coping types. Coping means a way of dealing
with stress or effort. In addition, I established criteria to decide the psychologicaltype.Finally, I researched existing SNS and the events which organizations hold, because I
wanted to discriminate against other services.
I introduce stress coping. American researcher,Richard Lazarus, suggested sortingeight stress corping’s types.
(1) Planning type A method in which one thinks carefully and makes plans to solve a
problem or try out various solutions.

(2) Confrontational type A Method of actively making efforts to change a stressful
situation. This is a way to try to change a stressful situation and is classified as aconfrontational approach.
(3) Seeking social support type A method of seeking help from humans around you or
a consultation service in order to solve the problem.
(4) Acceptance of responsibility type A method in which the person is aware of whathe/she has done and reflects on what he/she has done. This includes apologizing to the person
who caused the trouble.
(5) Self-control type A method of carefully controlling one's feelings and actions andnot showing them to others.
(6) Escape type Drinking alcohol to forget the problem or thinking about escaping.
Blaming others or blaming the problem on others is also included in this type.
(7) Isolation type This type of behavior involves trying to separate oneself from what
has happened.
(8) Positive reevaluation type Discovering oneself through experience andself-improvement.
The best way of coping varies from person to person depending on causes andpersonality.
I will introduce those results.MBTI sorts 16 types through some questions.

This graph shows all of the MBTI types. MBTI sorts which are based on several
questions per item.I think MBTI becoming an index of psychological types.
I will explain the merits and demerits of SNS apps to you.
SNS apps are very international ,so the number of users is very huge.Famous SNS have morethan one hundred million users.And it is useful because we get a lot of information.Those are
merits.However,these days, SNS have become spots of crime.Many wicked person uses SNS
for their purposes so we must pay attention to several crimes.
3.Conclusion
This study’s conclusion is that I suggest making the service to sort from psychologicaltypes. For example, coping types or MBTI, and connect match pier. I think this service is on
the Internet. The reason is that these days, Internet technology is developing. I think manyhumans will use SNS more. I want a person who feels lonely to use that service. I think SNS
is the best way to perform this service.
4.References
1 ストレスとは：ストレス軽減ノウハウ

https://kokoro.mhlw.go.jp/nowhow(2023/5/15)
2.調査結果の概要 (8)不安・関心・満足度

https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/ishiki/h17_kiso(2023/6/7)
心理学的に正しいストレスの乗り切り方

https://www.sanko-e.co.jp/read/office_psychology(2023/6/7)
生きづらさ抱える「エンパス体質」

https://www.sankeibiz.jp/business/news(2023/9/14)
Twitter

https://twitter.com(2023/10/24)
親友関係 についての一考察

https://kbu.repo.nii.ac.jp(2023/11/5)
不安定な時代こそ「人とのつながり」の価値が高まる

https://www.works-i.com/column/works04/detail020.html(2023/12/18)
カタルシス効果とは？

https://www.kaonavi.jp/dictionary/catharsis_koka/(2024/1/27)
人が一生で出会う人のうち、親しく会話を持つ人の人数

https://tokyomarketingblog.com/300people-lifetime(2024/1/27)
MBTI personality type and other factors that relate to preference for online versus
face-to-face instruction
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1096751609000724(2024/2/2)

The Future of Eraser Shavings
The reuse of eraser shavings
5217 Tsukagoshi Nanaka
Abstract
In the world, the plastic issue becomes serious, and we are forced to reduce the use ofit. However, when we study, we usually throw them into the trash can. The aim of this study
is to reuse the garbage of erasers(eraser shavings). I used the Internet and performed external
contact with “SEED”, which is a Japanese stationery company. After that , I found it difficult
for students to reuse eraser shavings as new erasers. At this point , I suggest reusing them as
rubber products. If it could be achieved, we can reduce not only the use of plastic but also
new materials of rubber products.
Introduction
These days, the problem of plastic use has become serious in the world, which leads
to contaminating the environment.(Borrelle, Stephanie B., et al. "Predicted growth in plastic
waste exceeds efforts to mitigate plastic pollution." Science 369.6510 (2020): 1515-1518.)
Also, we are asked not to use as little plastic as possible, which is called “No plastic”. In thissituation, I focused on erasers, which we use every day. At first, I had a doubt about thereality that eraser shavings are thrown away as a normal thing. Then, I thought if we canreuse eraser shavings, we can reduce not only the amount of trash but also the amount of theuse of plastic. However, it is difficult for beginners to produce a new eraser from eraser
shavings. Bessho Naoya, who is the personnel of stationary company ”SEED” said that there
are no examples of reusing erasers. Then, I came up with the idea to reuse eraser shavings torubber products. The ingredients of eraser shavings resemble vinyl hose. In the eraser
shavings, black leads are included in addition to PVC(polyvinyl chloride) which is a type ofplastic. I have not done an inspection of this idea, but black leads have high heat resistance,
so I regard heating them as no problems.Therefore, I suggest that eraser shavings should bereused for rubber products.
Discussion and implications
The amount of used plastic in the world is about 30 million tons(2015), and this isincreasing year by year.（Figure 1,World Economic Forum）Also, only 14％ of the abolishedplastic garbage (14 million tons) is recycled.（Figure 2,World Economic Forum）
Most stationary products use plastic, so the plastic problem is one of the most serious
problems in terms of stationary.

←(Fig.1) the amount of theused plastic in the world

Also, it is anotherproblem, the recent rise in oil
price has an influence on theprice of stationary, so we areforced to reduce the use ofplastic. In thesecircumstances, we throw
away eraser shavings everyday. In Japan, most students
are using erasers. We canestimate that the amount oferaser shavings are huge.
When I measured the amount↑(Fig.2) the ratio of plastic garbage recycleof eraser shavings in my house three hours in each day, it was about 1g in three months. If
we assume that one junior high school student studies six hours a day at school in Japan, andthat one usual eraser weighs 19g, we assume that we can make 1.3million erasers using eraser
shavings. (2021,The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications )When we erase some words with an eraser, theeraser absorbs the black leads sticking on the paper.(Fig.3)
In the case of a ballpoint pen, we can’t use erasers because
the ink soaks into the paper.
(Fig.3) the principle of eraser erasing→
Next, there are a lot of types of erasers. In terms ofingredients, we can classify them into “rubber erasers” and“plastic erasers”. The examples of “rubber erasers” arewhite rubber for pencils and sand rubber for ballpoint pens.
“plastic erasers” are made up of PVC(polyvinyl chloride),plasticizer which makes the erasers soft, and so on. This plasticizer’s molecule is similar to
black leads’ and intermolecular forces are functioned. Then, it helps the eraser absorb black
leads and can erase better than other types of erasers. Generally, sand erasers are not used, so
I will focus on the plastic erasers.
Also, there are some types of plastic erasers. In Japan, most erasers such asmono(Tombow), Air-in(PLUS) and Rader(Seed) are made up of PVC. There are non-PVCerasers and rubber erasers which do not use plastic. (Fig.4,5) This can reduce the load on theenvironment and is said to prevent children from swallowing by accident. The ability to erase
the words is as high as plastic ones(Fig.6), so the number of them has increased. However,most erasers use plastic, so it does not spread well.
To reduce the use of plastic, “Green Purchase Law” is enforced in Japan by theenvironment ministry. It says that all plastic stationery should use reused plastic more than
40% of the gravity of them or plastic whose ingredients come from plants and which is
certificated to have an effect to reduce the load on the environment. This law does not adapt
to all erasers, but adapted erasers have the sign of this law.

↓(Fig.4) non-PVC erasers(Fig. 6) comparison with non-PVC erasers↓↑(Fig.5) rubber erasers
Also, Mr.Bessho said that some pieces of erasers are reused to produce new erasers.
And when we looked into whether they are being reused into erasers, we found that it isalmost impossible for amateurs to recycle eraser shavings into erasers. Specifically, thehandling of plasticizers used in the manufacture of erasers is dangerous. According to an
external contact from Seed Corporation, it is possible to recycle eraser shavings, but therecycled eraser shavings have a lower erasing power because they contain black lead. He also
said that, in principle, it is possible to remove black lead from eraser shavings once it has
been incorporated into the eraser shavings, but there is no knowledge of what condition theeraser will be in after the eraser shavings are removed. Currently, experiments are being
conducted to reuse eraser shavings, but we were unable to ask for more details because theinformation is confidential.
So, we came up with the idea of reusing eraser shavings for something other thanerasers. As mentioned above, plastic erasers are made of vinyl chloride and plasticizers,
which is similar to the material used in plastic hoses. In the process of making erasers, after
mixing the materials, there is a scene where heat is applied to harden them. Here, the heating
temperature and time are adjusted so that the plastic and oil do not stick together, and theeraser is made. On the other hand, it is said that if the plastic and oil completely stick together
here, it becomes a plastic hose. (cocoiro)
Since eraser shavings are just graphite added to the eraser, we thought it would bepossible to reuse them in other products such as vinyl hose by adjusting the temperature andtime during the heating process.
Also, the power of graphite’s heat resistance is strong, and more hard than iron.
(Fig.6) Thus, it’s no problem if graphite is heated with rubber.

←(Fig.6) graphite’s heat resistanceHowever, in case of erasers that include plasticizer, it produces diethylhexyl phthalate
which is a poisonous substance. Then, in order to reuse eraser shavings, I have to collectproducts plasticizer is not included.
Conclusion
My final suggestion is it may be possible to reuse eraser shavings to rubber products
whose ingredients are similar to them. However, whether we use plasticizer has an effect on
the environment, so I would like to do experiments with expertises. In addition, if I canrealize this, I would like to think about how to spread this product.
References
Borrelle, Stephanie B., et al. "Predicted growth in plastic waste exceeds efforts to mitigate
plastic pollution." Science 369.6510 (2020): 1515-1518.
cocoiro(2020) “Easy to do at home! introduce the way of producing erasers”
https://cocoiro.me/article/30910
life without plastic (2022)“[Rubber erasers] don’t use PVC which is kind to the environment and body”
https://lessplasticlife.com/take-action/office/rubber-erasers/#:~:text=%E6%B6%88%E3%81%97%E3%82%B4%E3%83%A0%E3%82%92%E4%BB%96%E3%81%AE%E3%83%97%
E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF,%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E8%A8%BC%E6%8B%A0%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%81%88%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82&text=%E6%B6%88%E3%81%97%E3%82%B4%E3%83%A0%E3%81%AB%E5%BF%85%E3%81%9A%E4%BB%98%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E7%B4%99%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%80%
82
nonbiki.com (2023)“Recycling erasers!? What will it be? How do we make it?”https://nonbiki.com/10808.html
The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (2021)“The number of children is 14,930,000, for 40 straight years ”
https://www.stat.go.jp/data/jinsui/topics/topi1281.html
World Economic Forum (2018) “effort to reduce plastic garbage”
https://jp.weforum.org/agenda/2018/08/91754b8f-6bb1-4733-8b92-28872d8ed0eb/
the talking about erasers
by corporation SEED Mr.Bessho
Yoshida Shinya (2018) “Why can erasers erase words?”
https://jp.mitsuichemicals.com/jp/molp/article/detail_20210930.htm

A Use For Vacant Houses And a Symbiotic Society〜Realizing the necessity of mutual aid in shared housing〜
5218 Tomru Amane
Abstract“Vacant houses” are one of the issues that have become a problem in Japan in recent years.
According to the latest Ministry of Finance Land Statistics Survey, there are about 8.49
million vacant houses in Japan, which accounts for about 13.6% of the total number ofhouses in Japan. If this problem continues to get more serious, it is expected that one in threehouses will be vacant. In recent years, the "share house" business has become famous as asolution to this problem of vacant houses.
The benefits of using vacant houses as shared housing are significant. It is also lessexpensive and better for the environment than demolition. There are many shared houses thatuse vacant houses. Therefore, in order to achieve the mutually supportive society mentioned
in the sub-theme, I propose a shared house in the form of "matching elderly people living
alone with single parents". I thought that we could expect to solve each other's problems andcreate a new form of life in an aging society with a declining birthrate. If mutual assistance
between single elderly people and single parents using vacant houses could be realized, itwould be a big step toward the realization of a symbiotic society, which has become aproblem in recent years.
1 Introduction
Japan's declining birthrate and aging population
make many big problems.
One of these problems is "vacant houses".
According to the Ministry of Finance's Land andStatistics Survey, conducted every five years, there
were about 8.49 million vacant houses in Japan in
2018. This accounts for about 13.6% of the total
number of houses in Japan. The vacancy rateoverseas is about 2.5% in the U.K., 1% in
Germany, and 10% in the U.S., a country with alarge land area, indicating that Japan is a country with a large number of vacant houses. The
major cause of the high rate of vacant houses in Japan, and the difference from othercountries, is the "distribution of used houses”. Japanese people tend to prefer new houses andhave a very different conscience toward using housing compared to those in other countries.
In fact, of the total number of houses in circulation in the Japanese real estate market, theshare of used housing is only 14.7%, indicating that about 80% of the market is dominated by
new houses. Compared to Europe and the U.S., 83.1% in the U.S., 87.0% in the U.K., and68.4% in France, the distribution of used houses is far greater than that of new houses,
indicating that Japan has a very low distribution rate.

(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, "Efforts to Promote the Use of
Used and Vacant Housing Markets and Facilitate Resettlement," 2015)
Another major problem is that the number of vacant houses has been increasing rapidly inrecent years. Various reasons can be thought of, but the biggest reason is probably the
declining birthrate and aging population. In fact, studies show that Japan has the highest
percentage of elderly people in the world, with 28.3% of Japan's population aging in 2018.
(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications) Many of these are inherited fromdeceased relatives, some are not even inherited in the first place and are left unused, andothers are no longer used because they are moving into nursing homes or admitted tohospitals, creating the effects of an aging society. While the number of vacant houses
continues to increase, the low demand for used houses will not stop new properties frombeing built and purchased, as this is more profitable for homebuilders. This completes thenegative cycle of permanently increasing vacant houses. The actual number of new housing
starts in Japan is clearly different compared to Europe and the U.S. In 2016, about 960,000
new houses were built in Japan, while even in the U.S., where the population is about 2.5
times that of Japan, stars are on the 1.1-1.2 million unit level, about 1.2 times the number inJapan. In the U.K. and France, the number of new housing starts is about 160,000 and
330,000 units, respectively, making the number of new housing starts in Japan muchhigher.(Revitalization of the Existing Housing Distribution Market, Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, 2016）It is predicted that if the number of vacanthouses continues to increase at the current rate, the percentage of vacant houses will increase
to about 30% by 2030, and one out of every three houses will be vacant. The number ofchildren and the aging of society are becoming more and more serious every year.(Nomura
Research Institute, Ltd.) In order to counter the declining birthrate and aging population,
which are becoming more serious every year, we should solve the problems we are facing
one by one.
The research question for this study is "New living options to realize a symbiotic society tocounter the declining birthrate and aging population. Solving the vacant house problem is a
step and a means toward the realization of a symbiotic society. We would like to make themost of the use of vacant houses that have been made so far, while considering a new
approach that relates to a symbiotic society and realizes mutual assistance.
Various previous studies have been conducted by the government to solve the vacant housing
problem. For example, a vacant house bank is a system that collects information provided byowners who wish to rent or sell their vacant houses and introduces it to those who wish to use
or utilize them. In addition, a corporation called Akiya Company has established a program
called Kariage JAPAN, which offers various initiatives that allow owners of vacant houses to
use them at a low cost. My research topic is "realization of a symbiotic society," and my goalcannot be achieved by this previous research because the use of vacant houses is not the goal.
If a new form of "symbiosis" can be realized using vacant houses, even more different ideas
will be born, leading to the realization of a symbiotic society.

2 Discussion and implications

A vacant house is defined as "a house that has not been lived in for more than one year."
Therefore, even if it is used for storage or other purposes, if no one has lived in it for morethan one year, it is considered to be classified as a vacant house.
There are many different types of vacant houses, and they are not all the same.
There are three main types of vacant houses.(Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications, 2013 Land Survey)
The first is a vacant house for sale-rent. This means vacant houses managed by a real estatecompany. Properties intended to be rented or sold, regardless of whether they are new orused, account for about 53% of the total.
The second is secondary housing. These are usually housed, such as vacation homes
intended for weekend or long vacation retreats, or houses where people sleep in when theywork late, such as when they work overtime, and they account for 4.5% of the total.
The third is other housing. This means all but the two types of vacant houses introduced sofar. These are houses that have been vacant for a long time for some reason, such as job
transfer or hospitalization, or houses that are scheduled for demolition, and account for about
41% of all vacant houses. My research will focus on "other housing".
Regarding other housing, wholesale-for-rent and secondary housing may be lived in bypeople in the future, other housing is likely to be abandoned because buyers cannot be found.
If the property is not managed regularly and falls under the requirements set by thegovernment, it may be classified as a "specified vacant house, etc." and subject to higher
property taxes, to the detriment of the owner, so care should be taken.
The reason for the recent increase in vacant houses is largely related to the declining
birthrate and aging population. According to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism's "Current Status of Vacant Houses, etc.," the majority of the reasons foracquiring a vacant house is inheritance. This could be the case of a person who inherited hisor her parents' house in a rural area, but left it vacant because he or she lives in the city
center. The typical pattern of acquiring a vacant house through inheritance is that a parent
dies and inherits the house in which the parent lived. Another major reason for the increase invacant houses is that the total number of houses is gradually outnumbering the total numberof households, a gap that is widening with population decline accelerates due to the declining
birthrate and aging population. As the life expectancy of Japanese people has increased, theuse of nursing homes has increased, and more and more houses where they originally lived
are being left.
Furthermore, compared to foreign countries, Japanese people tend to prefer newly built
houses to used houses. This is partly due to the lack of know-how and systems in place toproperly assess existing homes as an asset value, and partly due to the fact that people
emotionally want to live in newly built properties. And because new housing is the mostprofitable for housing providers, they have increased the number of new housing construction
more than the number of households. The increase in the number of new houses means, ofcourse, that the number of houses with the potential to become vacant in the future willcontinue to increase, and because this negative cycle continues, the number of vacant houses
shows no sign of decreasing. Can the presence of a vacant house be detrimental to someone
other than the owner? Four main issues can be raised at this point.

The first is the aging of the building. Uninhabited and unmanaged housing is naturally
decrepit. In the event of a natural disaster, they are much more likely to break down andcollapse than other houses. There is a risk of increased damage and the possibility of damage
to other adjacent residences and other structures.
The second is the risk of crime. Older homes are brittle and damaged here and there,
furthermore, according to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's"Land Statistics Survey," about 90% of vacant houses are made of wood, making themextremely flammable. Once a fire breaks out, it can spread to neighboring residences.In
recent years, it has also been in many cases as a base for fraud. This would endanger not only
the owner, but also the neighbors.
So why don't owners of vacant houses proceed to dispose of them? I think that it is involvedin two main financial issues.
The first is the issue of demolition costs. The cost is about 40,000 yen for a 35 sq/ft wooden
house and about 60,000 yen for a 35 sq/ft house of concrete structure.It means that, it costs atleast about 1 million yen to demolish a vacant house.More specifically, it need about 1.8 to
2.4 million yen for a 2000 sq/ft house. The average house area in Japan is about 1000 to 1400
sq/ft, which means that the demolition cost would be the same as buying a wagon car.Other
than demolition costs, there are also need charges for preventing debris, sand and dust fromscattering into the surrounding area during demolition, soundproofing, and treatment of wastematerials, furniture and home appliances.（Japan vacant house support）
The second is the tax burden. The tax on land is reduced up to 1/6 for property tax and 1/3
for city planning tax if the building remains standing. If the vacant house is demolished, thetax burden will increase three to six times because the government doesn’t support thedemolition of the house until a new land buyer is found.
In fact, a survey conducted by Clasonet Inc. of 331 men and women over the age of 30.This
result shows that about 60% of people who have vacant houses answered that they want toutilize or dispose of them. However, more than 40% of them answered that they have notactually taken any action, because they don't know how to find buyers.
As a solution to this problem of vacant houses, I propose the "share house" project.
A shared house is a type of shared living in which several non-relatives live together in asingle rental property. Specifically, the living room, kitchen, bathroom, toilet, etc. are sharedwith other residents, and each of them have their own private space. There are various
advantages to living in a shared house, such as lower housing costs, reduced moving costs
due to the availability of appliances and furniture, and the ability to communicate with otherresidents.Another major advantage is that there is not required for a "security deposit" to be
paid as a guarantee or a "key money" to be given as a gratuity to the landlord.In a sharehouse, the deposit is the same as the security deposit and key money in a rental apartment,
but it is very low, at no more than 100,000 yen. Since the deposit and key money account fora large portion of the initial cost, a low deposit can make a big difference in the amount ofmoney spent.Comparing the share house living arrangement with other countries, it is clearthat it’s not very popular in Japan. In fact, while there are about 4,800 share houses in Japan
at this time, there are far more share houses overseas than in Japan.

According to a 2008 survey by the British Local Authority, there are about 236,000 "Housesin Multiple Occupation" in the UK, which is 3.6% of the total number of properties where
several people who are not family members live together.
Furthermore, according to a 2015 survey by China's Ministry of Housing and Township
Construction, the percentage of room-sharing in rental housing in China, although different
from shared housing, is about 50%.One reason why share houses have not taken root so far inJapan is that many of the Japanese people are uncomfortable living together in a sharedhouse.
However, share houses have been increasing since the late 2000s, and the number of tenants
has been increasing.The Japan Sharehouse Federation and the Japan Sharehouse Association
were established in 2006 and 2010 around the same time.
In addition, as neighborhoods are becoming less friendly today, the Great East Japan
Earthquake of 2011 has made people realize the importance of mutual help and connections
with neighboring residences and local residents, and the number of share house residents is
expected to increase as more people seek human connections.
According to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, there are about
1,030,000 vacant houses that could be renovated and used, and even if the number isnarrowed down to those within 1 km of a station, it's 480,000 houses about half.
The key to success in the share house business is to focus on the target market and manage
the business.Therefore, I propose a shared house for elderly people living alone andsingle-parent families. I will explain the characteristics and current situation of the elderly
living alone and single-parent families.
Elderly persons living alone means the people who live their daily lives alone.According to
the 2019 Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare's "Number of Households and Household
Members," there are about 7.36 million elderly people aged more than 65 living alone inJapan.This accounts for about 50% of all elderly households.In addition, the number of
elderly households has nearly twice in 34 years compared to 1986.Not all of everyone
apply,but three main problems can be mentioned.
The first is "declining motivation for living. According to the Cabinet Office's "Survey on the
Economic Lives of the Elderly" about 19.8% of people answered "not very much" or "not atall" to the question, "How do you feel motivated, happy, and enjoy living now?"According to
the "National Survey of Family Life," about 30% of both men and women answered that the
average frequency of conversation is once a week.This is due to the fact that an increasing
number of people lack opportunities to interact with family and friends, participate in social
activities through hobbies,and are not involved with others on a daily basis.
The second is "lonely death". According to a survey conducted by the "Committee on
Measures against Lone Deaths" of the Japan Small Amount and Short Term Insurance
Association,the average age of lonely deaths is 61 years old for both men andwomen.According to the Cabinet Office's "White Paper on Aging Society," about 34.1% of
the total population aged more than 60 considered lonely death a familiar problem, while
50.8% of single-person households said it was a problem close to home, exceeding half.
The third is progression of dementia. The number of elderly people with dementia isincreasing every year, and it is expected that by 2025 one out of every five people will havedementia. In many cases, people with dementia have decreased ability to judge and think andbecome involved in crimes.
Single-parent households are defined as households in which the mother or father is the soleprovider. According to a survey by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, the number ofsingle-mother households has increased 1.5times for 25 years to 1,238,000, while the numberof single-father households has increased 1.3times to 223,000.In recent years, many families
are raising their children as single parents due to diversity, and some of them are facing
difficult situations due to a variety of problems. Here are three main problems.
The first is a problem related to income. There is a wide disparity of income and social
security, and they supplement their livelihood with part-time jobs,so it can be said that nearly
half of them are forced to live a hard life with little income.Compared to the average annual
income of Japan as a whole, the average annual income of single-mother households is about
2.43 million yen, and that of single-father households is about 4.2 million yen. While there isno significant difference between single-fathers, some of single-mother households are still inpoverty.In fact, the relative poverty rate for single-mother households is 57.3%, with one outof every two households said to be living in relative poverty, a rate that is remarkable for adeveloping country compared the world.There is also a high percentage of mothers andchildren living in severe poverty, known as the "deep poor," at about 13.3%.The average
income of father-child households doesn't too low at first glance, but the median income of 4
million yen shows a large gap and it is expected that there are households with incomes ofless than 4-3 million yen.The evidence shows that the poverty rate for motherless households
is quite high at about 22.9%, and that about 8.6% of the deep poor are in serious poverty.
The second is the housing problem. The percentage of owning a house is low at 34.7%, andmany single-parent families live in public housing or rented houses, and the rent burden is alarge portion of their household cost. Public housing can cost a lot, but It is not easy to get inbecause of the high ratio.
Third is the issue of time. There are many people who are busy with childcare, housework,
and work. In addition,some of the people are trying to get various licenses in order to increase
their income.However, given the long hours of work involved in dropping off and picking up
children, housework, and other things, study time becomes very limited, and there is a risk ofdepression, physical illness, and other problems due to the study in between.Also there arecases of negative chain occurs, such as the loss of income when their body breaks down. In
addition, the counseling center has received many comments from people who want to spend
as much time as possible with their children, but don't have enough time, leaving theirchildren and hurting their hearts.
I thought that a new system of mutual assistance could be created by targeting the elderly
who live alone and single parents both have their own problems. I considered the merits ofcarrying out this system into practice.
First, the benefits from the elderly side. Above, I described three problems of the elderly
living alone: "loss of motivation for living," "increase in solitary deaths," and "risk ofprogression of dementia" . I thought that a shared house with a single-parent household mightbring them closer to solving these three problems.

First, regarding "motivation for living," elderly people who live alone and motivation forliving decline have caused few interactions with people around them, and they have very few
conversations.There is no opportunity to start hobbies or new things to do is the main reasonof this point and leading to a decline in motivation for life.So, there are many more "things
should do" than living alone, such as helping with childcare when the single-parent
household is busy with work or cooking a meal for someone living with them.I thought that if
it making new daily lifestyle, it would help improve their motivation for life.Next is about"lonely deaths." There is a previous study in which a communal living arrangement created asystem to watch over elderly people who were anxious about living alone. This was targeted
for such a elderly people and students. I believe that a similar value can be found in thisshared house.
Finally about the "progression of dementia," a 2018 Nihon Fukushi University study foundthat seniors who interact with residents less than once a week compare to a 1.4 times higher
risk of needing nursing care or developing dementia than those who interact frequently every
day.This also means that constant communication with others will help prevent dementia. In
addition, according to the National Survey of People's Lives, the more a person lives
alone,they tend to speak less and increases the risk of dementia.Therefore, it is clear that
regular interaction in a shared house is good for the health of the elderly.
Next, I will present the benefits from the side of single-parent households. Three main
problems can be considered severe economic conditions, housing issues, and time use. I
thought that this problem could also be solved by creating a shared house with elderly people
who live alone.
First, it is about the "severe economic situation." According to the Cabinet Office's White
Paper on Society for the Elderly, about 64% of the elderly answered that they have noproblems with their economic life.The rent is relatively lower than any other rental apartment
because the rooms in a shared house are small and have few facilities. In addition, water andheat costs are paid as a common service fee,so expenses are lower than the other. Discussing
this with each other and determining the percentage of rent and common expenses, theamount of money spent for housing would be less than for an apartment.They may broaden
their perspective on how to use their money, such as using it for food, education, or savings.
Next is the "housing problem." As mentioned above, compared to rental apartments, sharedhousing offers lower rent and lower water and heat costs,so the burden of rent will be
reduced, and the economic situation may improve.
Finally, there is "time usage." Single-parent households are busy with daily tasks such as
dropping off and picking up children, and lessons, housework, childcare, work, and study.
Many of them have very little time to do their own things and hardly have time to sleep. In
such a situation, it would be very helpful if there is someone who can help them.They don't
have enough time, they try to make time, they cut back on their own time and pushthemselves too hard, they break down and end up in the hospital, their income during the
hospitalization period decreases drastically, and they have to push themselves even harder towork. I thought that these vicious cycles could be eliminated by establishing a mutual
assistance system.Also, if someone is nearby to support you when you are alone, you may
feel more comfortable and a little more easier than if you live alone.

These are some of the benefits of creating a shared house for single elderly people and single
parents. Mutual assistance is a keyword as I said in the sub theme.However, there are many
disadvantages to this system. Two major ones are the risk of crime and the fear of becoming ayoung carer.
Regarding the "risk of crime," there may be some crimes caused between two households
that are strangers living together. This is the first possible disadvantage. As a solution, I
propose that they live together after understanding each other's background by conducting athorough background check.Also, by matching two to three pairs of elderly people and single
parents per house, depending on the size of the house, the risk of crime could be reduced
because the elderly and single parents could look out for each other.
This section describes the "fear of becoming a young carer. The premise is that the elderly
who live alone and have the right to move into a shared house are defined as those who don't
need nursing care and can take care of their children to some extent, but may develop
dementia or physical ailments in the course of their lives.They may have lived together andbuilt a great relationship of trust,but I think it necessary to enter into an agreement that if
something happened that was a burden to both parties, they would move out with a fullguarantee of post-occupancy support.Through them, single elderly person and a single parent
household can think various disadvantages as well as advantages. It is necessary to draw up acontract to deal with these points as much as possible.
・The contract period is set, and procedures such as extending the contract are
followed
to determine the continuation of the tenancy
・Single elderly and single parents occupying more than 2 sets of rooms
・If something happens and become burden to each other, we will guarantee
after-the-fact support and move out
・Rent will be per house, not per room.
・Room assignment will be decided by discussion.
There are many other things to describe, such as how to use communal spaces and how toresolve problems, but I thought that there are many problems that can be solved by creating acontract.Not only contract but also "share house rules" is important for residents to think
about such as personal belongings to be placed in common areas, cleaning responsibilities,
and refrigerator usage.
Consider the management aspect. There are many ways to manage a shared house, but many
properties outsource management because it requires a large amount of housing knowledge
and expertise.Among several management systems, I would like to propose this study tocontractors specializing in share house management, based on the outsourced management
model.
First, regarding the property, the management company acts as an intermediary between theowner of the vacant house and the person who wants to manage the vacant house, and theshare house operator pays the management company as an intermediary fee and the vacanthouse owner as a fee for the purchased building.The owner of the vacant house also pays aportion of the profit earned to the management company as an intermediary fee. The
subsequent management of the property is also "outsourced management," so the owner pays
a fixed monthly rent of 10-15% of the rent to the management company, which in turn

manages the property.For residents, similarly, the management company acts as anintermediary between the elderly and single parents to match them, and prospective residents
pay the management company the same brokerage fee that they would pay to a real estatecompany.The advantage on the management side is also that the initial investment is lower,
because it is a purchase of a used house instead of a new house. This system is recommended
for people who want to run a business with a low initial cost.Although there are risks
involved in the management of share houses, such as problems between residents and thetrouble of management, share houses have gained popularity in recent years as a relatively
easy business for inexperienced people to start and demand is growing.The initial cost of
managing a share house is about 2.5 to 4 million yen, but it is depend on the size andfacilities on the house. This includes the cost of purchasing the property, furniture and thecost of renovating the private room facilities, bathrooms, and toilets.Although reforming isrequired for vacant houses, the cost of purchasing the property is not too expensive, so theburden can be reduced compared to purchasing a new house.License is not required to
manage a share house, so it is possible to start with no experience.
There are three main advantages of share houses, the first is the high profitability. Whilesome condominiums and apartments have profit rates of less than 10%, the average forshared houses is very high, at about 15-20%. Also it is not required to put toilets andwashrooms in each room, it can be low costs and make profits maximized.
The second is the risk of vacancy. Many residents continue to live in shared houses. As
mentioned before, the major advantage of a shared house is that the rent, security deposit, andkey money are not expensive, and the necessary appliances are provided, making it easy forpeople who can't prepare the initial cost to live in a shared house. Also, once the house isfully occupied, it is expected that the renovation costs can be recovered in one year.
Third, it is possible to differentiate from competing properties. A share house can bedifferentiated by its concept. In this case, the property targets elderly living alone and single
parents. The key to success in share house management is to create demand for share houses.
In today's society, there are many problems arising from the declining birthrate aging
population and social changes. I thought that by matching vacant house owners,elderly
people living alone and single-parent families may be able to solve the problems of eachother, and create a positive chain of events that would lead to the realization of a symbiotic
society.This is a proposal for a new way of life. This means that it is a new lifestyle option forpeople who are impoverished or unable to find meaning in their lives.I think this proposal hassome shortcomings about some disadvantages and demand from the target audience. Also, I
need to come up with something more interesting to propose to the dealer. I would like tothink of a solution based on various case studies.
3 Conclusion
I propose a "shared house for elderly people and single-parent families using vacant houses"
to solve the three problems that have arisen in modern society vacant houses, solitary deathsof elderly people living alone, and poverty among single-parent families.This is a proposal toenhance the lifestyle with supporting and solving each other's problems, and can be said to bea new living options. By managing such a shared house using vacant houses, it is possible torealize both a symbiotic society and the utilization of vacant houses.The risk is high becausethere is no precedent for shared housing for elderly people living alone and single parents,
and demand surveys haven't been conducted yet. However, unless we start something newwith a new way of thinking, we will not be able to solve any of the problems we face today.Ifsuch a system can be formed to solve the problem of vacant houses and realizing mutual
assistance in this society with a declining birthrate and aging population, it would be a step
toward an ideal world where people support each other even more.
4 References
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Current status of vacant houses, etc.
https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001172930.pdf
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Current Situation of Single Parent Families
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-11900000-Koyoukintoujidoukateikyoku/0000
083324.pdf
Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, 2008 Housing andLand Survey
https://www.stat.go.jp/data/jyutaku/2018/pdf/g_gaiyou.pdf
株式会社クラッソーネ prtimes
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000024.000038064.html
ロイヤル介護https://r-guide.jp/media/topics/4966.html
不動産住宅情報サイト スマイティ
https://sumaity.com/land_usage/press/429/
カリアゲJAPAN
https://kariage-japan.com/about/
公益財団法人長寿科学振興財団 健康長寿ネット
https://www.tyojyu.or.jp/net/topics/tokushu/koreisha-koritsu/dokkyokoreisha.html
日本空き家サポート
https://xn--w8jvl3b6d9gz83xm5o0mc223e.jp/portal/column/kind-of-vacanthouses/
株式会社 東栄住宅
https://www.e-blooming.com/column/possible-causes-and-solutions-of-vacant-problem.html
UR くらしのカレッジ
https://www.ur-net.go.jp/chintai/college/202103/000632.html
あずみ苑
https://www.azumien.jp/contents/industry/00037.html
gooddohttps://gooddo.jp/magazine/poverty/single-parenting/10330/
Cabinet Officehttps://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/whitepaper/w-2017/html/zenbun/s1_2_2.html
みんなの介護https://www.minnanokaigo.com/news/kaigogaku/no680/
ルーチ roochhttps://blog.ieagent.jp/life/sharehouse-rent-344192
暮らしに役立つ身近なお金の知恵・知識情報サイト 知るとぽると
https://www.shiruporuto.jp/public/document/container/ie_ohaka/ie_ohaka001.html
株式会社アビリティーセンター
https://www.i-oshigoto.co.jp/law/zeikin/301
70 seeds
https://www.70seeds.jp/3keys-1/

イエカレ+
https://plus-search.com/chintai/knowledges/column.php?entry=367
解体サポートhttps://www.kaitai-support.com/sm/money.html
Hello Neas
https://hellonews.jp/4254/
スマイテイ
https://sumaity.com/land_usage/press/429/

A new form of livestock Industry~Potential of insect feed~
5219 Tomioka Sota
Abstract●What is insect feed?
Insect feed refers to the usage of insects ground up into powder form, as feed for livestock.
Horseflies, flies, crickets, and mealworms are used as its main ingredients.
●What is the significance of using insect feed?
Most of the feed used in the world today is made from soybeans, and deforestation is aproblem as a result of soybean cultivation.
Therefore, I believe that the most important reason for using insect feed is that it may be able
to stop deforestation, which is said to be the cause of climate change.
In addition, insect feed has a variety of positive aspects.
For example, livestock can be raised using a smaller amount (about 80%) of conventional
feed, food waste can be used for insect farming, and insect carcasses can be used as nutrientsfor agriculture.
Based on these considerations, I believe that insect feed has sufficient value to deserve to be
utilized.
●What challenges in practical application of insect feed?
Because of the high costs involved in breeding, commercializing, and transporting theinsects, they cannot be substituted for fish meal or soybean oil meal now, and the challenge isto achieve stable distribution throughout the year and keep supply costs realistic.The highprice of insect feed is simply due to low production and limited sales channels.
It is also expected that many people will not think well of the use of insects for food-related
purposes, even if they are fed, so I think the image of insects needs to be fundamentally
improved.
1.Introduction“Insects” are currently attracting attention as a new animal resource for the age of population
explosion.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) also recommends
entomophagy(Refers to the behavior or mode of behavior of eating insects), and thepromotion of the use of insects as food is a worldwide trend.
These days, entomophagy has become a part of many conversations, but the public's
impression of it has not been positive.
In fact, a survey of people who had never eaten insects before asked, "Would you like to try
entomophagy? About 90% of the respondents answered "no" to the question.
Furthermore, 80% of respondents answered "dislike" or "somewhat dislike" insects in asurvey asking whether they like or dislike insects.Therefore, I thought of using insects as feed
as a way to ease people's resistance.
The goal is to stop the production of soybeans which are now the main feed for livestock inmany parts of the world, and the deforestation that goes with it.

I thought that by using insects as feed, it would be possible to reduce soybean production andassociated deforestation.
Most of the previous studies related to my research are on nutrients in insect feeds.
It is beyond my scope to study the nutrients of insect feeds and the actual changes in bodyweight and meat quality of livestock when they are used, so I will use this data and focus on
the "practical application of insect feeds," which has not been mentioned in previous studies.
And the main research method will be Internet research.
The main research method will be to gather information on the current status of insect feed invarious parts of the world and the nutrients contained in insect feed, and then to think about
how to promote the expansion of insect feed use by ourselves.
2 Discussion and implications
Deforestation associated with soybean cultivation is currently a problem in the world. To
what extent, exactly, is this a problem? Let us look at the example of Brazil, the world's
largest soybean producer.
Large soybean farms accounted for 17% of the deforestation in the Amazon between 2001
and 2004.
In addition, the total area of deforestation and conversion of native vegetation throughout
Brazil has increased to the point where increased soybean production is now considered a
direct cause of deforestation, and since July 2006, the world's major soybean producers haveagreed not to purchase soybeans grown on land cleared in the Brazilian Amazon. This is thefirst time that soybean production in the Amazon region has been halted. Once this was done,
the deforestation caused by soybean production in the Amazon region was drasticallyreduced, but this does not mean that the relationship between soybeans and deforestation has
been severed, as the lands that had previously been cleared for logging and grazing are now
being used. Nevertheless, the deforestation rate in the Brazilian Amazon was reduced by
70%. In other words, soybean production had that much impact.
However, deforestation in other areas continues.
Brazil does not have a climate that is naturally suited to soybeans (soybeans are native to East
Asia). So, the soil is being modified, genetically modified soybeans are being planted, andchemical fertilizers and toxic herbicides are being used to cultivate soybeans. These
genetically modified soybeans are capable of taking in more water to optimize their growth.
Thus, they have been known to deplete water resources Furthermore, herbicides andfertilizers used in the farming process might seem into water sources and induce toxicity for
local residents obtaining water.
Moreover, deforestation threatens the lives of many valuable species in the Amazon and the
Cerrado, which are ecological treasures.
Although soybeans are causing enormous damage in this way, about 80% of these soybeans
are used as livestock feed. This led me to believe that the use of insect feed in place of
conventional feed would be an effective way to reduce deforestation.
However, can insect feed be used as a substitute for conventional feed?
In an experiment examining the difference in feed requirement ratio (which indicates how
many times more feed is required for livestock to gain 1 kg of body mass) between feeding
conventional formula materials and formula feed mixed with larvae (mealworms), the results

after the third week showed that the feed requirement ratio for the group fed conventional
feed went from 1 .59 to 1.63, whereas the mealworm group had low feed requirement rate of
1.22 to 1.36, indicating that the use of insect feed may increase feed efficiency.
In an experiment in which broilers were fed soybeans, fly larvae, and spirulina (a type ofphytoplankton) and their responses were observed, it was reported that there was no
significant difference in the chicken's response to either feed, and furthermore, no differencein chicken quality between larvae and soybeans.
It has been shown that insect feed can adequately serve as an alternative to conventional feed.
Furthermore, insect feed is not only equal to conventional feed, it has a superior point. It is
the frass (leftover food, insect excrement, molted shells, insect carcasses, etc.) produced
during the farming of insects for processing into insect feed can be used as fertilizer.
For example, cricket frass contains the highest percentage of phosphoric acid among the threemajor elements of fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium), and it can be
expected to provide a fertilizer effect somewhere between that of cow manure and chicken
manure.
It also has low moisture content, requires no drying process, has little smell, and is easy tostore and handle. In addition, crickets are an excellent fertilizer because they are an organic
fertilizer that is free of veterinary drugs and feed additives, and no antibiotics are added
during the breeding process.
Thus, insect feed is a sustainable means with many advantages.
3 Conclusion
In conclusion, insect feeds are a very effective means of solving many of the problems
currently facing the livestock industry. Deforestation is a pressing problem impacting theworld. As such, there is a pressing need to resolve it. In this report, I have outlined how theswitch from soybean to insect feed might alleviate this issue. In addition, in aiming to expand
the use of insect feed, we believe that facilities specializing in insect farming should beestablished. Insect farming does not require that much space, and even a small facility canhandle the entire process from cultivation to harvesting at once. In addition, in aiming to
expand the use of insect feed, we believe that facilities specializing in insect farming shouldbe established. Insect farming does not require that much space, and even a small facility canhandle the entire process from cultivation to harvesting at once.
As for the future, insect feed faces a number of challenges.
The most significant is the high cost of raising, commercializing, and transporting insects.
Furthermore, there is a need to expand the need for insect feed due to changing social
perceptions, innovations in production technology, and clearing regulations for frass.
I would like to explore ways to resolve the above issues, as we anticipate that if realized, theproject will play a major role as an innovative and sustainable source of protein.
4 References
Can dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae replace fish meal in weaned pigs?
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1871141319317445?via%3DihubA study of the potential effect of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) substitution for fishmeal on growth, immune and antioxidant capacity in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus
salmoides)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1050464821003995
気候変動で注目される、昆虫飼料の可能性
https://www.ethicalfood.online/2020/07/141252.html
EUにおける昆虫の飼料利用の実態と展望
https://www.alic.go.jp/joho-c/joho05_002898.html
The silkrose of Bombyx mori effectively prevents vibriosis in penaeid prawns via theactivation of innate immunity
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-27241-3
動物の餌になる大豆が森林を破壊する
https://www.hopeforanimals.org/environment/soybeans-and-deforestation/
Connecting exports of Brazilian soy to deforestation
https://www.sei.org/features/connecting-exports-of-brazilian-soy-to-deforestation/

Connected by Foods~ How to leverage Japan's strengths ~5220 Nakafutami Misuzu

Abstract
There are some problems related to food, health, and children, because food sciences areprogressing. This problem is not only developing countries but also developed countries.
Eating food is one of the essential things in our life, and I am interested in being a Registered
Dietitian in the future. I have studied the relationship between food and our life and health. I
think Japans’ Nutritionists and Registered Dietitians have good ability and Japans’ foodculture is one and only. So I came up with ideas which can be solved using Japan’s strength.
Then I suggest utilizing the Japanese children's cafeteria system. ​Children's cafeterias areplaces where children can get well-balanced and low-cost diets.
I propose to keep children healthy by serving well-balanced and low-cost diets referenced
Japanese food and Japanese style school lunch. this study relates to SDGs #3 ”Good healthand well being" and #8 " Decent work and economic growth. I hope the place will become acozy space and cultural exchange.

１ Introduction
At first, why I chose the thema. I am interested in being a dietitian and I thought about
what role a Japanese dietitian has, what certificate and what kind of work space a Japanesedietitian has, so I started to research about Japanese dietitians.
By conducting this research, I think we can spread the goodness of Japanese food as wellas the success of Japanese dietitians, and can help children's health. This study relates to
SDGs #3 ”Good health and well being" and #8 " Decent work and economic growth".

２ Discussion and implications
Dietitians in Japan earn about half as much as dietitians in Australia and the UK. Not
only that, it is lower than in other countries（The US, Canada, New Zealand ）.
It is a very big difference, so I wondered what could have caused this outcome.

I thought one of the reasons might be differences in qualities. In Japan, there are twoqualifications; Nutritionist and Registered Dietitian ​[ in Japanese 栄養士と管理栄養士]
while, In Australia there are Nutrition and Dietitian and those work considered more similar
to medical care, and ​those works are more important in Australia than in Japan. In Japan,
Registered Dietitians are nationally licensed by the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare.
Their job is to provide nutritional guidance and nutritional management with professional
knowledge and skills to each and every person, whether they are sick, have difficulty eating,or are healthy. On the other hand, dietitians are licensed by prefectural governors to provide
nutritional guidance and manage school lunches, mainly for healthy people. In Australia,
there are two types of qualifications, they are Nutrition and Dietitian. Dietitians also active inthe medical field. Nutritions are close to natural remedies. Other examples include, in the
U.K., nutritionists work in public health, health improvement services, health policy,
government agencies, NGOs, and research institutions, and spread information about foodand health. Dietitian is the only nutrition-related certification recognized by law that canwork with a wide range of people, from the healthy to the sick. This indicates that they are
not the same qualification. And some of the qualifications for example, nurse and physicaltherapists can be rewritten, but those qualifications cannot be rewritten. I see this as a major
problem. So If you want to work abroad as a Registered Dietitian, you will need to take local
qualification. To do so, they must attend a foreign university and study for a qualification,and this will take a lot of time and money. Changing this system is not realistic, so I change
the point of view.
So I think we need to find a job for most Japanese Registered Dietitian's career. What is aJapanese Registered Dietitian's specific career? I think making school lunch is one of their
specific careers, because they experienced large-scale food preparation, and they prepare andserve health-conscious menus every day. And ​Japan has an original food culture; Japanese
food. It is one of the reasons Japan's life expectancy is among the highest in the world. I thinkthe use of Japanese food has spread the appeal of Japanese food.

It' s recent problem in the world. The number of fat children is increasing worldwide.
Actually, in Northern Africa the percentage of skinny children was 20 percent in the 1970s,
today it is less than five percent. Meanwhile, during the same period, the percentage of fat
children went from 0% to more than 10%, a reversal that has already occurred. Similarly, it's
happening in China, and there are 2.8 billion obese children. This media shows increasing fat
children not only in developed countries, but also in developing countries. One reason is theavailability of processed and junk foods with low nutritional value at low prices. These are
low in nutritional value and contain high levels of carcinogens and atherosclerosis-causing.
However, because they are cheap and easy to buy, they are easily economically dependent.
Actually 80 % of people who were fat as children are far as adults. And from 3 to 8 years ofage, better habits are said to be needed. So it is important to get your eating habits in orderwhen you're young. Then I think utilizing the Japanese children's cafeteria system is one of
the solutions.
What is a children's cafeteria in Japan? It is easy to say places where children can get
low-cost meals. The NPO National Support Center for Children's Cafeterias, Musubie,
defines a children's cafeteria as "a free or low-cost cafeteria where children can go alone”.
When you hear the term "children's cafeteria", you probably have a strong image of alow-price or free cafeteria providing help for poor children. Actually there is not only thisrole, but also making relationships with the neighboring area and preventing solitary eating.
Generally speaking eating alone has negative mental and physical effects. So a children's
cafeteria is not just a way of helping poor children. Preventing eating alone is connected withchildren’s good health.

３ Conclusion
Then I suggest utilizing the Japanese children's cafeteria system. ​I propose to keep
children healthy by serving Japanese food there and to have Japanese dietitians work abroad.
I show the system, the targets are children mainly, the purposes are creating opportunities to
eat more balanced meals at a lower cost, the workers are Nutritionist and Registered Dietitian
who want to work abroad are main and others are to collect donations of surplus andsoon-to-expire food items, holding food culture exchange events for children and holding
lectures about balanced diets​​for parents. To ​create a place for various children andcommunity members to gather and interact with each other, and ​organizing events and otherevents will give more people a chance to get to know each other. ​Also, by asking people todonate surplus or near expiration date food, the food used can be provided at a lower cost.
I have some tasks. First, to find out if there are similar facilities, and whether or not there
is demand for it. Second, totally changing one's own culture is impossible and not good. I
went to Olam International in Singapore for a company visit. At that time, Mr. Miyasaka gave
me some advice. ​He recommended using foods with enhanced nutrients. So I will search
about those foods. I want to solve the problem related to children's health and eating, because
eating is a necessary thing in our life, so I want to support people's lives from being a
Registered Dietitian in the future. So I will continue to research this study.
４ Referenceshttps://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/02/nutritionist-from-japan-shares-foods-she-eats-every-day-to-stay-he
althy-young-and-live-longer.html
2023/05/12 CNBC make it ​ I’m a nutritionist from Japan, home to the world’s longest-living
people—here are 5 longevity foods we eat every day
https://www.mag2.com/p/ne​​ws/384980
2023/05/29 MEG2 NEWS 現役医師が警告。日本の低所得者と途上国で「肥満」が増える理由
https://www.bbc.com/japanese/41577945
2023/05/29 BBC NEWS JAPAN 子供の肥満問題、世界各地に拡大
https://www.dietitian.or.jp/students/dietitian/2022/07/24 公益財団法人日本栄養士会 管理栄養士・栄養士とはhttps://www.aswho.com/dietitian
2022/07/21 オーストラリア留学センター〈通信版〉 オーストラリアで栄養士
https://www.nemusblog.info/global-nutritionist/#Nutritionist_Dietitian
2022/07/24 Nemu's Blog FROM LONDON 【イギリス栄養士が教える】海外で栄養士として働く
https://55a.info/contents/study-abroad/social/dietitian.html
2022/07/24 COCOA ココア留学 栄養士が留学！海外で栄養士を目指す？それとも転職？
https://kaigai-ten.com/nutritionist.html
2022/07/24 海外転職ジョブ 栄養士・管理栄養士として海外転職する求人選択肢は豊富にある
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/syokuiku/minna_navi/topics/topics1_02.html
2022/06/15 農林水産省 みんなの食育
https://www.intage-research.co.jp/lab/report/20201112.html
2021/11/16 「子ども食堂」の認知度は8割で高止まり？〜コロナ禍で注目の「フードパントリー」、
認知はこれから〜 株式会社インテージリサーチ
http://www.shaho-net.co.jp/kokoromokaradamo/01/index.html
2021/09/28 心も体も健康に 食生活とメンタルヘルス
https://www.mfa.co.jp/cando/cando-873/#i-8
2021/10/12 ManulifeFinancialAdvisors 子どもの孤食が増えている
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/syokuiku/kodomosyokudo.html
2021/10/26 子ども食堂と連携した地域における食育の推進 農林水産省

Music Psychology
Life with music effect
5221

Nagayama Naoto

1．Abstract
These days many people hold stress for a lot of things. The tool to get rid of stress isabundant. An example to get rid of stress is listening to music. The method of listening tomusic has changed. There are many causes.Development of earphones,social networking
service communication,importation of foreign music music application subscription tool. I
think listening to music is a good tool to get rid of stress.
However, why does music get rid of stress? In conclusion, I believe that music has a
psychological relationship. The research on music psychology is abundant.
Most of the researches concluded “music has a psychological effect”, but why does music
have a good effect on humans? This is my research key sentence, and understanding that
leads to my research conclusion.
2.Introduction
One of the characteristics of society is the tendency to be under a lot of stress. There arevarious ways to solve stress, but I often relieve stress by listening to music.I found that
listening to music can be calming and relaxing. From there, I began researching and learned
that there is a profession of music therapist.
In addition, my research used music therapy, which is the clinical and evidence-based useof music interventions to accomplish individual goals within a therapeutic relationship by acredentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program. Music
therapy interventions can address a variety of healthcare & educational goals. For example,
promoting wellness,managing stress, alleviating pain,expressing feelings,enhancing memory,
improving communication, promoting physical rehabilitation, and more. They connect toimprove client’s quality of life.
Currently, the medical situation is often compromised by coronas. I began this research lastyear in the hope that the current state of medical care could be improved by reducing theburden of medical care on ordinary patients through the effects of music therapy. I believethat it is not realistic to make the profession of music therapist a national qualification or toincrease the number of music therapists in the first place, so this year I began researching torealize music therapy that does not require music therapists.

3.Discussion and implicationsFirst, I describe the psychological effects of music.
Motor cortex: used for pulling musical instruments, dancing, etc.
Nucleus accumbens: involved in emotional responses to music
Amygdala: involved in the emotional response to musicSensory cortex: provides sensory feedback when playing an instrument or dancing
Auditory cortex: provides initial processing when listening to music
Hippocampus: stores contrasts and other information when listening to music
Visual cortex: used to read music and identify performers
Cerebellum: involved in body movements and emotional responses to music
So much brain activity is involved in the simple act of listening to music.
Specific effects,ｍasking effect;Muffles noise, etc. through music. When used properly, it cancreate a natural space.
Image induction effect; Another effect of BGM is the image induction effect. This is an effectthat brightens the atmosphere, creates a sense of luxury, creates a pleasant atmosphere, anddetermines the image.
Emotion-inducing effect; B It is related to behaviors, perception, memory, learning, anddecision-making.
Behavior inducing effect; Changing the tempo of music changes the speed of humanbehavior.

This is a graph of the rate of change in mood when listening to music.Bad effects on people
are diminishing.Conversely, good effects for people are increasing. Thus, music has many
good effects on humans.

4.Conclusion
People have different tastes in music.Music is becoming more and more accessible withthe advent of YouTube and subscriptions. It is no exaggeration to say that it is impossible toremove music from human life today. The benefits of knowing the good things about music
and incorporating it into our daily lives are great.
I suggest two things.Let people know the effect of music on the psyche.
Create and share a soundtrack
It takes advantage of the playlist sharing feature of YouTube and music apps.
It has two advantages.Eliminating the hassle of choosing your own music.
Encountering music you didn't know existed.In addition, by using the functions outlined
above, it is possible to experience the psychological effects of music at the same time.

5.ReferenceMusic Therapy (2021/5/13)
https://www.brush-up.jp/guide/sc674#:~:text=
Music Therapy in America(2021/5/20)
https://hope.mark-no-juku.com/lshope/2018/09/25/post-343/
Music Therapist(2021/7/21)
https://www.ekaigotenshoku.com/ekaigowith/2020/02/17/ongakuryouhoushi_shikaku/Music Therapy(2021/7/21)
https://www.jmta.jp/music_therapist/
Music Therapy Proof of Effectiveness(2022/4/20)
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhas/5/2/5_2_82/_pdf/-char/ja
Music Therapy Effectiveness(2022/4/20)
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/233954687.pdf
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Chapter 2: Mental Health Care: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology (mext.go.jp)
Music Therapy Verification Document(2023/5/21)
https://healingplaza.jp/user_data/fl_tsuukin.php
Music Therapy Verification(2023/5/21)

https://www.della.co.jp/statics/dlmf-3908.htm
Music and the Brain Relationship(2022/11/14)
https://www.lifehacker.jp/article/131129how_music_affects_the_brain/
Music and the Brain Experimental(2022/11/7)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304394009003279
Brain science Music(2021/7/14)
https://japan-brain-science.com/archives/1351#i1
Music Psychological Effects(2023/2/21)
https://www.head-t.com/2013/01/2013-01-06_01.html#01

An encouragement of studying abroad~ the quality of education ~ID:5222 Name:Hayashi Rena

Abstract
For many years,the literacy rate in Africa has been one of
the biggest issues in the world. The significant purpose ofthis study is to progress the quality of education in developing countries, especially African countries.There are a lot of
people who require education in the world.
In fact, the number of people in advanced nations who wantto learn another language is increasing. In addition, if theliteracy rate in developing countries will rise, people in there
can get over the situation of poverty, so I came up with theidea that people in advanced countries go to African countries
as studying abroad to teach reading and writing.
They can complement each other.
However, I have two concerns. First, the safety of the African continent. Second, all of thestudents do not have teaching licenses.

1,Introduction
The main motivation for my research was to notice the terrible fact of literacy rate in Africancountries.Literacy means the ability to read and write at daily life level. According to
UNICEF, the literacy rate is a serious issue in the world. In Japan, almost 100% of people canwrite and read, while in middle Africa, only 60-73% of people can. The African population isa big number, so this number is serious. This graph shows us that the number of people in
African countries will increase by
about 722 million in 2026.Maybe this problem
causes a bad cycle of ‘poverty’.
Then, why is it important to solve literacy rates?
It is because the poor cannot go to school fromtheir childhood so that they are forced to work.
If they cannot study enough, their children will
be forced into labor as their parents are.
This situation does not change even if they hope.
Also,I noticed that people who want to study
abroad is increasing, but actually a lot of thosepeople could not do that because of COVID-19. As studying abroad requires a high cost to
carry out, like accommodation expenses, airfare, tuition, food expenses, and so on, therefore
many people give up to do that.
For those people,there are many systems of scholarship to support their learning. However
there are two types of scholarships: 'benefit’ or ‘lending’. Lending scholarships needs you torepay after studying abroad. It is difficult for people with a low income to launch overseas
study.
Therefore, I want to achieve two things at the same time: progressing studying abroad andthe abilities of reading and writing in Africa. I am sure that this study will bring great changes
not only for developing countries but also advanced nations. Also, this result will contributeto achieving the SDGs,number 1(No Poverty) and 4(Quality Education).

2,Discussion and Implications
I set some clear goals for each problem; for developing countries,especially Africancountries,the goal is to increase the literacy rate to 100%. For advanced countries,especiallypeople who want to study abroad, the aim is to improve their English ability by studying in
Africa.Even more telling, it is said that it is a rough idea that if you have 80-100 points on the
TOEFL test, it will be useful for job hunting.Whatever your goals after studying abroad,progressing your language skills is the most important issue in this study.
The conclusion of my research is that going together to volunteer and study abroad in
African countries.
‘Projects Abroad’ actually carry out some projects like mysuggestion in this study. They go to short-term volunteeringin order to support a lot of people who can not receive enough treatment because of their low
revenue.This projects really suit my research, but there are some problems: these projects are
conducted for only a few weeks, so it is not profitable for people who want to acquire anotherlanguage skill in advanced nations. Also these projects cannot solve the core of poverty, thesesolve just superficial problems.
According to UNICEF, there are some strategies to improve literacy rate of the African
continent. For instance, it performs the ‘Terakoya’ movement, which people in advanced
nations donate some postcards, unused stamps, and such. Actually the ‘Terakoya’ movement
has succeeded somewhere. From the UNICEF homepage: So far, more than 1.31 million
people in 44 countries and one region have benefitted from the chance to receive an
education at TERAKOYAs (CLCs). About 17,000 classes were conducted at TERAKOYAs
including home, school buildings and camps. In the world today, however, about 750 million
adults (age15+) still remain illiterate, and 12.4 million of children (age 6-14) have no chance
to go to school. The World TERAKOYA Movement will be carried on so that we mayachieve the world where no one will be left behind and everyone can participate in achieving
the global goal of SDGs.As you can see, it is a effective way to conduct teaching of Writing
and Reading for the children in there.
Also I suggest two types of studying abroad.One of them is going to university in Africa, andthe other is not going there. The benefits of going there is that you can learn English better
than not going there. This is because there are a lot of people who want to learn English orother languages,so you must improve your study.On the other hand,if you will not go to
African college, you can study abroad with a low-budget.However there are somedrawbacks.If you go there, you have less connection with uneducated area’s people.This
means the influences become less. On the other hand, there are a lot of dangerous things liketoilets, foods, and other facilities without living in college. Therefore I set two types ofstudying abroad to choose which you focus on, contributing to volunteer, or developing yourEnglish skills.Also students who go to African continent as volunteer and studying abroad
can use their English textbooks which we used in elementary or secondary school.In fact, welearned reading and writing in English with this tools, so it is also useful for Africans
students.
About studying abroad in African countries, I considered advantages and drawbacks.
Advantages: we can go studying abroad with low-budget, learn various cultures, andcontribute to SDGs goals 1 and 4.
Drawbacks: the danger, the safety of foods, toilets, and a concern of foreign accent.
First,according to the Ministry of Foreign Affair, they announce a danger map, and theyshow us that there are a lot of dangerous places in Africa.The red countries means that you
must evacuate there, and refrain from going there.The others warm color such as orange, andyellow also illustrate to warn.Also,food and toilet safety can not be guaranteed completely.
In this situation, it is impossible to carry out immediately.This situation
has been made by serious terrorism problem, so there are possibility torealize that.I want to realize my suggestion as soon as possible.
Second, there is no worry about peculiar accents or dialogue, because
The African accent is easy to catch for Japanese. This is because there
are some practice that people in African countries especially South Africa
speak English without abbreviations, such as they speak ‘I want to’ instead of‘I wanna’. This way of speaking is similar to the Japanese English style as theylearn in Japanese English textbooks.In Africa, people speak English as a second language, so
Japanese English is apt to communicate easily in there.
Therefore it is impossible to carry out my suggestion right now, so until we can go to Africa
safely, I propose using the Internet to teach Writing, but also acquire English speaking skill.
I considered the case of assuming that we can go to the site and the case of using the Internet
in our own countries.
In the case of going there: people in advanced countries go to African countries to study
abroad with low budgets.By doing so, the children in there could be taught reading andwriting to overcome their poverty situations. I assume that people who go there are mostly
students, so they could teach those things by using their own English textbooks.If there weresome children who cannot speak any English, the ‘teacher' should be helped by African
adults who can do that.As a result, the children would be able to learn English skills fromscratch. African who cannot read and write may be because they are not able to go school, so
I suggest that international students from developed countries and other countries visit
children who require education, and live there for about 6 months. Also, international
students will be replaced so that African children can for the long term. The cost of food will
be collected by donation.
In the case of utilizing the Internet: This graph shows us
the penetration of the Internet in Africa.Green colors mean
the areas where people can use the Internet freely. Yellow
and red countries also can use the Internet with some
restriction, so the ‘teacher’ would teach reading andwriting in these colored countries. Also, they should send
their Japanese English textbooks to African children andthey will use them to teach that. If these people do not haveany Internet devices, smartphones would be supplied bycontribution.
There is a problem with trying to do this that they
do not have licenses of teaching as students, so is it possible to teach them something?

3,Conclusion
I suggest two types of methods to improve literacy rate in the African continent.First of all,the way is to go to African countries to teach English writing and reading as studying abroadand volunteer. By doing this, the international students could acquire English speaking skills
because Africa's second language is English. They would teach reading and writing in
English by using Japanese textbooks which the students used when they were junior highschool or high school students. Also students can choose which is better for them, going touniversity there or not. The other way is to use the Internet. First one is so difficult to carryout right now because there are serious civil war or terrorism problems.The concern points ofthis study is that most of students do not have qualifications of teaching, so I worry about thepossibility to conduct my suggestion.

4,References
2023,June World terakoya movement/UNESCO
https://www.unesco.or.jp/en-activities/
2023,June What is the penetration of literacy rate in Africa?
https://mirasus.jp/sdgs/industry-inovation/1612
2023,July Presentation material showing the Internet situation in Africa
https://gigazine.net/news/20160527-africa-internet-situation/
2023,July World terakoya movement in Japanese / UNESCO
https://www.unesco.or.jp/activities/terakoya/
2023,July What is the literacy rate? The reasons why the literacy rate in Japanese is not
100% completely.
https://exidea.co.jp/ethicalchoice/journal/sustainable/literacy-rate/#7
2022,August How much will it cost if you study abroad in the US?
https://www.iss-ryugakulife.com/useful/21375.html

2022,August The scholarships for studying abroad
https://www.jasso.go.jp/ryugaku/scholarship_a/index.html

2022,August Study abroad scholarship pamphlet | curricular study abroad information site
https://ryugaku.jasso.go.jp/publication/pamphlet/#link_pamphlet_contents
2022,August Summary of scholarships for studying abroad
https://financial-field.com/loan/entry-136448
2022,August How much does it cost to study abroad?
https://www.world-avenue.co.jp/wa-news/howlong
2022,September Cost of studying in Malaysia
https://www.cebu21.jp/malaysia-ryugaku/cost/
2022,September Safety Information of Malaysia
https://www.anzen.mofa.go.jp/info/pchazardspecificinfo_2022T091.html#ad-image-0
2022, September Projects Abroad
https://www.projects-abroad.jp/projects/volunteer-childcare-philippines/

Philosophy To Protect Youths~To Flourish The Power Needed In Future By Philosophy Education ~5223 Hiraishi Non
Abstract
Nowadays , most nations like Europe are doing philosophy education.This education isnecessary enough to flourish children as the power to find problems,and resolve them.
However, Japan does not teach philosophy in the compulsory education curriculum. This may
bring the situation that there are so many unemployed people and children who do not go toschool. I aimed to solve this situation by starting “ Philosophy Education”. First, I tried tosuggest adding Philosophy as a new subject. However, Japanese education already has somany subjects and that forces teachers to do so, which is inappropriate in this situation.
Then, I came up with an idea to integrate Career education into philosophy. For example,
teachers are going to give a topic. Students are going to think about that and realize what is
important from that topic. In this way, we can develop childrens’ thinking ability to a highlevel without increasing teachers’ burden. And, it will be easier for students to achieve theircareers.
1.Introduction
The research background/significanceIn Japan, the number of unemployed people between the ages of 30 to 50 is so large andincreasing . Also, it is a big problem now that students who do not go to school. As we cansee, there are a lot of people who cannot participate in society. Compared to other developed
countries,these problems do not occur frequently. I thought this because there is lesseducation in philosophy. The countries which educate philosophy do not have such aproblem. Therefore, I started to research to educate philosophy as I judge the Japanesecurrent situation to resolve the problem.
The purpose of this research
My purpose has two points; to propose the participation of Japanese people and to cultivate
the ability to be negative through the world and society.
※ In this research, I considered not to burden to Japanese education.
Research question
Research question has three points; Is it possible to implement Philosophy education in
Japan?/ What is the merit of implementing Philosophy education?/ How should we
implement Philosophy Education in Japan?
The way of this research
There are 5 steps. First, I solved my research questions.Second,I compared Japan withoverseas countries. Third,I suggested it to the Japanese government as I modified and verified
my suggestion. Finally, I worked on philosophy education.
※ I use the internet mainly.
※ If it is necessary to implement, I go to field works and contact with professors.
2.Discussion and implications

Career education implecated in Japan
Elementary schools → Not implicatedJunior high school→ To instruct Career lecture/Interview with 2 to 3 people
High school → To instruct Internship/lecture/interview
Comparison; I investigated 3 foreign countries’ examples.
France○Content: Philosophy is a required class. It includes the entrance exam in university.
○Result: IMD ranking is 25th in the world. (Japan:35th)
Switzerland○Content: It implicates Philosophy education from childhood.
○Result: IMD ranking is 1st succeeding 5 years.
The UK/Oxford university○Content:It has a PPE(philosophy-politics-economy) faculty(signboard faculty).
○Result: Universities Ranking is 1st. (Tokyo unv:39th)
PPE’s graduates are famous around the world (Ex. Boris Johnson,Thatcher,etc.)
The burden of teachers in Japan now
As the graphs show, the burden of Japan is much
more than other countries. According to thisinformation,it is difficult to implement philosophy
education as a “subject” in Japan.
I think that we have to embrace the present classes
to introduce the education system because
implementing them as a subject is too hard. Then, I
came up with an idea that we combine career
education with philosophy.

My idea/suggestion
Career education requires “educational consistency”and “self analysis”,and Philosophy will
be useful to cultivate these qualities.Current career education in Japan is not sufficient todevelop students' ability to think. However, using philosophy allows students to think forthemselves and clarify what they want to be/ what to do.
I intend to use three steps in the actual class.. First, a teacher shows what to think inclass.This theme is about philosophy.(Ex. Why do you live? etc.) Second, students think
about the theme spending more than half of the class and they summarize them in paper.
Additionally, these themes are going to be developed as students grow. As they grow, themes
are going to be abstract from concrete because to think abstract things is difficult and useful.
From these points, I believe that students will be able to get the ability to live in the future.
Therefore, I suggest adding Philosophy education into Career education.
3.Conclusion
In conclusion, I tried to implement philosophy education to enhance the human resourcesand decrease the number of people who do not join the society.

However, to add education as a subject is too difficult due to teachers’ burden.
Therefore,I suggest that we have to realize this education by integrating Career education
into philosophy education.As the issues,I want to solve two things; to set the theme relying
on their development and age and to verify the burden of teachers if this proposal is
implemented.
4.Reference
https://www8.cao.go.jp/youth/whitepaper/r01gaiyou/s0_2.html The cabinet office in Japan 2022.12.5
https://www8.cao.go.jp/youth/whitepaper/h25honpen/b1_04_02.html the same with above 2022.12.5
https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20201015-mext_jidou02-100002753_01.pdf Ministry of education
2022.12.5
https://www.flierinc.com/summary/170 “Philosophical thinking” for living now＿ Masao Kurosaki
2022.12.19
https://jnapcdc.com/LA/sugimoto/sugimoto_02.html
Introduction to Philosophy - To think about things that only you can think about - Takahisa Sugimoto
2022.12.19
Shincho Primer Bunko First Philosophical Thinking＿Kazunori Tomano2022.12.19
https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/hpab200601/002/002/026.htm“Career guidance at junior high schools” _Ministry of Education 2022.12.19
https://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/career/070815/all.pdf
The necessity of career education from elementary education＿Ministry of Education
2022.12.19
https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2011/11/04/13128
17_07.pdf Definition of career guidance＿Ministry of Education12.19
Philosophy education in French high schools (lycées)＿Professor Emeritus of Nagoya University Shigeo
Shiraihttps://diamond.jp/articles/-/150375 About Oxford university_Diamond 2022.12.19
https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2022
THE World University Rankings 2022.12.19
https://descartes-search.com/media/imd-world-talent-ranking/#:~:text=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E3%
81%A7%E3%81%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%81%8C%EF%BC%91,%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82
World talent ranking IMD 2022.12.19
https://www.jtu-net.or.jp/survey_effort/work/ Teacher burden in Japan/Japan Teachers Union 2022.12.19
https://philosophy-japan.org/download/811/file.pdf
Results of philosophical dialogue education in elementary and junior high schools_
Kono, Tsuchiya, and Murase 2023.5.29

Protection of Endangered Languages
The Diversity of Language
ーEndangered Language LOTEー
5224 Mari Fukatsu
Abstract
In this world, there are a lot of languages which are endangered. For example, Ainu
language and Yonaguni language in Japan. These are languages spoken by fewer people, anddecrease the number of people who can speak them. So, we should protect them from theserisks. Australia has an education system called “LOTE”. It is a method that we can learn
about languages other than English. Especially in Australia, we can learn Aboriginal
languages with Aboriginal teachers and Non-Aboriginal teachers. I thought this system canapply to learning endangered languages. However, there are some matters. Lote focus on
major languages. So, we should update the system for endangered languages. Also, thissystem needs teachers. I think it is difficult to correct them for this system.
Introduction
Now, by “Ethnologue”, there are about 7,200 languages which are spoken in several
countries. However, about 3,000 languages in these are running the risk of endangerment.
These languages are called “Endangered Languages” and are spoken by fewer speakers andnone will speak these in the future. For example, in Japan, Ainu language and Hachijo
language are included in these languages. They are stipulated by UNESCO as “Atlas of theWorld’s Languages in danger”. They show the local “Culture” and “History”. We can learn
history there from these languages. Therefore, I think we should protect these languages andidentities. Also we should keep the languages with people speaking them. This research’s
targets are the children who live in local places where the language has fewer speakers. Most
elderly people in these places can speak these languages, but their children did not use theselanguages. So, the children, as the elderly people’s grandchildren, are not using theselanguages relating to their parents.
Discussion and implication
There are some reasons for the extinction of languages. I will complain about three powerfulreasons. First, slaughter by invaders made the people who could speak these languages
become extinct. In 1,600s, by the massacre of the people of some colonies, the number ofpeople who could speak the local language had decreased. Second, the replacement of thelanguage used by many speakers using an influential language occurs. Endangered languages
are minor, so using these languages is a disadvantage of employment, and so on. And thenpeople use major languages more and more in daily life. Third, restricting the speaking ofthese languages by cultural oppression. It is similar to the first reason. For example, there are“Hougenhuda” in Okinawa, Japan. This system made children not use the Okinawan dialect.

This research’s purpose is to keep these languages “living”. “Living” means that people
speak these languages. I don’t want to keep these languages in dictionaries or records only.
Of course, it is going to be done, but also, to keep the situation of people speaking theselanguages in daily life. However, it must be difficult to speak these languages in daily life.
But, I hope that these are just spoken on a small scale, for example, at home and among
friends.
I think the education system “LOTE” is one of the good ways to solve this problem. “LOTE”
means “Language Other Than English”. This is a language subject besides English inAustralia, New York City, and other schools. Specifically, in Australia, there is a system thatteaches Aboriginal people. Its purpose is to keep the Aboriginal heritage and convey them tothe next generation. Its basic style is team teaching that Non- Aboriginal teachers corroborate
with Aboriginal teachers. I focused on this system. The teacher who can speak theselanguages and the teacher who can speak these languages teach together, and the classes
make the students more understandable with teaching approaches from double sides oflanguages.
Conclusion
For this reason, the “LOTE” is the best way to solve this problem now. However, its
purpose is learning languages except for English. It’s not focused on these endangered
languages. Therefore, it needs to come up with other systems that are able to collaborate with
LOTE.
Also, we need teachers who are able to teach these languages. These are minor languages, so
there are few people who can speak these languages. They need not only speaking skills, butalso teaching skills too.
References
Endangered Languages Project. (n.d.). Endangered Languages Project.
https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/
Ethnologue
https://www.ethnologue.com/
LOTE Teaching Aids . LTA Education
https://lta.education/® Englishpanish translation & communication, s.l. (Ed.). (n.d.). Why Do Languages Become
Endangered? Englishpanish.
https://www.englishpanish.com/endangered-languages/
American institutes for research (Ed.). (n.d.). Guiding Principles of LOTE Education.
American Institutes for Research.
https://sedl.org/loteced/principles.html
Lote australia language other than english (Ed.). (n.d.). LOTE Australia. LOTE Australia:
Home.
https://loteaustralia.com/

Easy-to-read Allergy Labeling for All
Toward a safe label that everyone can see at a glance
ID5225 氏名 Maruyama Kano

Abstract
I have been conducting research with the goal of creating a universal, easy-to-understandallergy label.
Last year, my research focused only on how to deal with food allergies in restaurants, but
this year, as a global study, I am focusing on allergy labeling. There are three main issues
with current allergy labeling.
The first issue is that the small font size causes many accidents. The second issue is that
there is no obligation to label unpackaged foods with an allergy label. And the third issue isthat different countries have different foods that are subject to labeling requirements.
In light of these issues, I propose the creation of a universal, easy-to-understand allergylabel. I have thought about using pictograms and applications. The main issues to beaddressed are how to realistically develop applications, and how to create pictograms that canbe used in food stalls. I will conduct these studies.

1 Introuduction
My motivation is that I have an allergy myself and am not satisfied with the current labeling.
That’s because the small font size causes many accidents. Since all foods used are often listed
in allergy labels, the text is inevitably small. This can lead to accidental ingestion ofallergenic foods, resulting in accidents.
There are two other issues. The second issue is that there is no obligation to label with anallergy label. Unpackaged foods include foods from stalls at festivals, prepared foods, andrestaurant meals.This makes it difficult to find a place to eat, for example, when traveling far
away from home. Traveling is also risky, and it is difficult to feel safe. And the third issue isthat different countries have different foods that are subject to labeling requirements. For
example, in Japan there is an allergy labeling requirement for soba noodles, but in some othercountries there is no such requirement. This is a result of differences in food culture. The factthat there is no labeling requirement means that even if the food is used, it does not have to belabeled. This also makes us feel a little uneasy.
In light of these issues, I propose the creation of a universal , easy-to-understand allergylabel.

2 Discussion & implications

First, I propose the use of pictograms as the first easy-to-understand universal allergy label.
A pictogram is a picture instead of text, like the one below, that shows what it is in aneasy-to-understand manner.

When creating an easy-to-understand label, there is a possibility that if it is written, it may not
be read in foreign countries, or it may be skipped after all. Therefore, I have thought of using
pictograms to create allergy labels. Pictograms do not require any text.
However, pictograms also have their challenges. I mentioned earlier that foods that are
required to be labeled differ from country to country, and the point is that unknown
ingredients may not be understood even if they are labeled with pictograms.
So I next thought of an application-based display.For example, by reading bar codes, itwould be possible to display the allergenic substances contained in the food in the languageof each country.
However, the application also has its challenges. It is difficult to introduce in places that are
not usually open for business, such as festival stalls, and a smartphone must always be
required. The current conclusion is to utilize the best of both worlds, using pictograms forfood sales in places such as festival stalls and applications for restaurants.

3 Conclusion
I have continued my research with the goal of creating an easy-to-understand allergy labelthat can be universally understood. The current allergy labels have problems such as small
letters and different items displayed in each country, resulting in accidents due to misreading.
Therefore, I can be understood at a glance without using letters or skipping over words.
However, there are still problems with both applications and pictograms. The main issues tobe addressed are how to popularize both, how to realistically develop applications, and how tocreate pictograms that can be used in food stalls. I will conduct these studies.

4 References
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/new-info/kobetu/kenkou/ryumachi/dl/jouhou01-08.pdf
4 食物アレルギー 厚生労働省（2023 12/21)
https://www.meiji.co.jp/meiji-shokuiku/food-allergy/about/01/
食物アレルギーとは？症状を知ろう (2023 12/21)
https://www.meiji.co.jp/meiji-shokuiku/food-allergy/display/01/
アレルギー物質の表示とは(2023 12/21)
https://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/food_labeling/food_sanitation/allergy/
食物アレルギー表示に関する情報(2023 12/21)
https://hyouji.maru-sin.net/display-rules/allergy-indication/
食品のアレルギー表示・方法について(2023 12/21)
https://www.foods-ch.com/anzen/1398416135288/
海外での食品事情〜世界の安全基準とは？(2023 12/21)
https://dentsu-ho.com/articles/7840
ユニバーサルデザイン視点による食物アレルギー表示ピクト「みんなのピクト」を開発(2023
12/21)

Global Expansion of MaaS
Infrastructure and mobile politics tailored to local needs
5226 Ryosuke Mizutani
1.Abstract
MaaS is a service that allows the optimal combination of multiple means of transportation,from search to reservation and payment, all in one service. A smartphone application allows
users to search, book, and pay for transportation from the point of departure to the destination
as a single service. It is also possible to make reservations and payments at restaurants,
hotels, hospitals, and government services together. If MaaS is put to practical use, people
will be able to travel freely even if they live in underpopulated areas or cannot drive a car.
In addition, the reduction of exhaust gas emissions will help to improve the global
environment.I also thought that the system could help promote the return of driver's licenses
by the elderly, improve traffic congestion, and reduce CO2 emissions.As for current issues, I
focused on Africa, where infrastructure and MaaS policies have not progressed.One of the
major obstacles to economic growth in Africa is transportation infrastructure.Therefore, I
thought it would be possible to combine infrastructure support for the African region with
MaaS.The penetration rate of smartphones is also increasing every year, making it easier topromote MaaS policies.Ultimately, I would like to summarize our research with the objectiveof providing both infrastructure support and MaaS to the African region.The current
challenge is that the MaaS policy itself only started to be demonstrated a couple of years ago,so there is still little data available for research. I would like to determine what specificsupport we can provide by following recent news.
2. Introduction
Last year, I conducted research on MaaS and infrastructure policies in Japan. I was able toget a lot of information by collecting information on the Internet and by visiting research
institutes (online) with MLIT officials. The research was satisfactory.
Based on these results, this year we wanted to broaden the scope of our research to theworld. We thought that utilizing the system in regions such as Africa, where infrastructure
support is needed, would generate economic benefits. Since transportation conditions varyfrom region to region, we thought it would be good to come up with different ideas for eachone. We thought we could also refer to the information we got from last year's visit to theresearch institute.
3.Purpose and Significance of the Study
SDGs［Goal 9］ Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
The existing public transportation system will be revamped to provide more efficient,affordable, and equitable access.
［Goal 11］ Sustainable Cities and Communities
The main objective of MaaS is to provide a sustainable transportation system through the
expansion and renewal of public transportation, which is exactly what is attached to thephilosophy of this Goal 11.
Solving the problem of vulnerable rural transportation users with MaaS is also consistent
with the multiple targets set forth herein terms of providing stable access to towns, green andrural areas, public spaces, and so on.
［Goal 13］ Climate Action
In countries and cities that have adopted MaaS as social infrastructure, the percentages ofprivate car use has been found to be significantly reduced. As this trend spreads to morecountries and regions, it is expected to make a significant contribution to combating climatechange.
I thought it would lead to these three goals.Since there are many subjects, the goal of thisstudy is to solve issues tailored to each of them.
4.Research Methods
Research MaaS and infrastructure policies on various Internet sites. Since the MaaS systemstarted to be experimented about 2 or 3 years ago, there may be no major results or
conclusions. I would like to check the latest news and other information carefully to comeup with concrete proposals. I would also like to refer to the government, especially the
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism website and information obtained
from last year's visit to research institutions. I will also compare with overseas MaaS andlook for possible references for our research.I will investigate what kind of proposals I cancome up with in terms of "environment," "community," and "infrastructure development."
5.Discussion and implications
MaaS stands for "Mobility as a Service. Targeting not only local residents but also tourists
traveling in the area, this service allows users to optimally combine multiple means oftransportation, from search to reservation and payment, all in one place.
The app on your smartphone allows you to search, book, and pay for travel from origin todestination as a single service. Reservations and payments for restaurants, hotels, hospitals,
and government services can also be made together.

This service will enable smooth and comfortable travel without having to rely on private
vehicles. Reduced traffic congestion will also reduce exhaust emissions and CO2 emissions
from transportation.
Finland has a success story: in 2014, a roadmap was presented in Helsinki, Finland, toreduce the number of private cars in the region to zero by 2025; in 2016, Whim, an app thatallows users to search, book, and pay for various public transportation services in one place,
was launched. This became the first commercialized MaaS in the world.

Source: Whim official website
The service has increased the percentage of Whim users using public transportation from
48% to 74%, reducing traffic congestion and environmental impact in urban areas andimproving the efficiency of public transportation operations.
Currently, trials of MaaS are underway in the United States, China, India, and other countries
around the world.
For example, Kyyti: Kyyti Group (Finland), UbiGo: UbiGo (Sweden), DB Navigator:
Deutsche Bahn (Germany), Moovit: Moovit (Israel), etc.
DB Navigator: Deutsche Bahn (Germany), "Moovit": Moovit (Israel), etc.

A MaaS demonstration experiment was launched in Japan in June 2019. (Led by the
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism supported demonstration
experiments in 19 regions from Hokkaido to Okinawa Prefecture in three categories: (1)suburban and regional city type, (2) rural suburban and depopulated area type, and (3)sightseeing area type. If MaaS is put to practical use, people will be able to travel freely even
if they live in underpopulated areas or cannot drive a car. In addition, the reduction of exhaustgas emissions will help to improve the global environment. I also thought it would help
promote the return of driver's licenses by the elderly, improve traffic congestion, and reduce
CO2 emissions.When we looked into MaaS policies around the world, most of the efforts
were mainly in Europe, as in the aforementioned services. Therefore, we focused on Africa,
where infrastructure and MaaS policies have not progressed as a current issue. One of the
major impediments to economic growth in Africa is transportation infrastructure. One of the
problems in Africa is the lack of cross-border transportation infrastructure, as many countries
do not have access to the sea.The inability to transport goods and the high costs involved arealso a major cause of poverty.In addition, infrastructure such as railroads and highways are
not in place.Currently, a large portion of JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) yen
loans, grant aid, and JBIC (Japan Bank for International Cooperation) investments and loans,
as well as international development finance institutions, are directed toward infrastructuredevelopment. In addition, there are examples of partnerships with private companies toimprove infrastructure. Through the fund, there is also an aim to discover startup companies
in Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, Egypt, and other countries, and to expand their businesswhile contributing to solving social issues in Africa. I therefore wondered if it would bepossible to combine MaaS with infrastructure support for the African region. The number of
car users in Africa is rapidly increasing every year due to the population explosion. This ishaving a negative impact on the environment, as CO2 emissions are increasing. In addition,
the penetration rate of smartphones is increasing every year, so I thought it would be easy topromote a MaaS policy.
6.Conclusion
Finally, I would like to summarize our research with the objective of providing bothinfrastructure support and MaaS to the African region.
The current challenge is that the MaaS policy itself only started to be demonstrated a coupleof years ago, so there is still little data available for research. We would like to follow recent
news and determine what specific support we can provide.
I would like to investigate research outside of Africa to find out who the target audience is(for the elderly or all generations) and what the infrastructure situation is like.
Various companies are beginning to invest in MaaS policies, and we will research them bylooking through news sites, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
website, and other information that is updated daily.
Specific Regions
Kenya and other regions in need of infrastructure development.7.References
What is MaaS? Introduction to its purpose,benefits, and case studies!
月10日
https://spaceshipearth.jp/maas/

5

Seven advanced MaaS case studies from around the world.
6月19日
https://digital-shift.jp/startup_technology/210215
Toyota Tsusho invests in an investment fund for Africa...to collaborate in MaaS
6月26日
https://response.jp/article/2021/04/16/345043.html
Global Perspective! Toyota Tsusho's Overseas MaaS Business Summary Africa
7月7日
https://jidounten-lab.com/u_toyotsu-maas-matome
Aiming to achieve sustainable growth through the development of Africa's transportation andinfrastructure.
7月7日
https://mirasus.jp/sdgs/industry-inovation/2688

How are Japan's Neighboring Countries Progressing in MaaS?
https://jidounten-lab.com/u_maas-singapore-taiwan#

6月6日”Silicon Valley of the Middle East” Why Israel is the leading MaaS country
17日
https://xtrend.nikkei.com/atcl/contents/watch/00013/00340/?i_cid=nbpnxr_index

5月

Accelerating Global Expansion! MaaS Pioneer" Acquires Brazilian Competitor
月23日
https://jidounten-lab.com/u_34851

6

Deepen your knowledge of the SDGs! Also learn about support for transportation
infrastructure in African countries
5月3日
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/sdgs_2030/industry_inovation_sdgs/8610/

AI-ization of Weapons
Do not inhumane decision5227 Shugo Miyao
Abstract
In Recent years, military tensions are higher than ten years ago. On the other hand,some people make weapons which load AI. I agree with making these weapons, but I
think that AI can injure humans.This is because, nearly, AI runaways are
increasing,and it is a violation of international humanitarian law. I concluded that it isa higher possibility to decide casualties for civilians from AI. As a basis, it happens
matter which form runs away from AI. For example, it ones happened “AI Tay”, an
AI increased by Microsoft,was fed wrong information by users and said so muchabout it that Microsoft had to suspend its operations. This shows that AI can easily
kill civilians if information is manipulated from the outside. Also, many AI scholars
are advocating the AI threat theory, which means that there is a possibility that AI will
go out of control even more. I cannot take enough information about AI weapons, so I
have not made a perfect decision. However, in November, the United Nations
confirmed that LAWS were to apply it to international humanitarian law.I think that
this is a big step to conclude an international treaty. At this rate, I hope we cancontinue to promote more regulation of AI weapons.

1 Introduction
Some wars happen around the world.And, there are many arms used by soldiers.Also,
I heard that some arms change AI-izanation. I agree to use these weapons. This isbecause they do not require actual flesh and blood humans to fight each other.
However, since AI seems to have gone out of control recently, it is conceivable that it
could kill and main without distinction between military personnel and civilians. Thatwould be a violation of international humanity law and would be a big problem,so I
researched it. I used a book, the future of AI Weapons Warfare, which was written by
Luis A. Del Monte as the information for study. As Executive Director at Honeywell,he led hundreds of physicists, engineers, and technology experts in the developmentof micro- and nano-technologies for DoD and commercial applications. Therefore I
think that his book is best for my study.

2 Discussion and Implications
In researching AI weapons, I discovered that there are weapons called "autonomous
lethal weapons. I looked up the definition of "autonomous lethal weapon" to see if there
might be a connection, and found that it is "a generic term for weapons equipped withartificial intelligence (AI) that can determine the target and decide whether to kill or injure
without human intervention. This is exactly what I am going to research. Autonomousweapon systems give the AI a decision-making loop.Therefore, there is a great possibility of
attacking civilians, which would cause some abnormality in the AI to make decisions without
human intervention.
For example, it once happened that “tay”, an AI created by microsoft, was fed wrong
information by users and said so much about it that microsoft had to suspend its operations.
This shows that everyone can control AI. AI weapons can easily kill civilians if information
is manipulated from the outside. This must stop.

↑ AI tay↑tay’s twitter(X) accountAlso, many AI scholars are advocating the AI threat theory, which means that there isa possibility that AI will go out of control even more. Indeed, this and other AI”tay” cases
suggest that AI can be a threat to humans.
In November 2023, the United Nations confirmed that LAWS were to apply it tointernational humanitarian law.This is a big step, because it has not continued meeting about
LAWS for a long time.However,the countries which have nuclear weapons, Russia and India
did not agree with the decision, so I worried about Russia and India break the decisionsometimes. Also, China does not agree to another decision. We need to continue to be
vigilant about those countries. I should not think about this consideration,and I continue mystudy with new information about the LAWS decision.

3 Conclusion
In the course of my research, The United Nations confirmed that LAWS were tointernational humanitarian law. This is a good thing. This does not mean that LAWS isbanned outright. Needing to continue to be vigilant about Russia, India, and China, they must
make rules about using LAWS. We need to make rules soon, or a lot of citizens weredamaged from LAWS. It hopes that it will make rules as soon as possible and save citizens’
lives. I think that I will wait and see the United Nations trend.

4 Refrences
Luis A. Del Monte (May 2021〜) 『The Future of AI Weapons Warfare』
Touyoukeizaisinnhpusya
About the Lawful Autonomous Weapon System (LAWS)

自律型致死兵器システム（LAWS）について｜外務省 （June 23,2022）

an AI (artificial intelligence) human uprising is inevitable.
残念ながら、AI（人工知能）の人類反乱は避けられません（Augast 15,2022 ）International Regime for Autonomous Weapons(LAWS)
自律型殺傷兵器 （LAWS）をめぐる国際レジーム (Febuary 5,2023)
The U.S. and China, which are fighting for hegemony, are holding each other backat the first meeting of the AI - UN Security Council
覇権争う米中、互いをけん制 ＡＩ初会合、ロシアは反発―国連安保理 (November
17, 2023)
UN committee resolves to "apply international wartime law" to AI weapons; Russia
and India oppose, China and North Korea abstain.
国連委がＡＩ兵器に「戦時国際法適用」を決議 露印反対、中朝棄権 - 産経ニュース(November 20,2023)
45 countries, including Japan, South Korea, and Europe, have approved a politicaldeclaration proposed by the U.S. on the creation of international norms for the military use of
AI...China and Russia are not included.
ＡＩ軍事利用時の国際規範作り、米提唱の政治宣言を日韓欧など４５か国承認…中露含まず（November 20,.2023）

Solving Global Warming with Euglena~Sustainable Earth with a New Biofuel~5228 Ayaka Yagi

Abstract
Average temperature of the world has been increasing for a long time. In other words, global
warming is progressing. Global warming is caused by greenhouse gasses which contain thehighest amount of CO2. So this time, I decided that I progressed this study focusing on thetransportation sector with the second highest overall CO2 emissions. Also cars are thehighest amount of CO2 in the transport so I focused on the cars.
Major gasoline vehicles emit CO2 during the fuel production process and while driving, so I
suggest using SUSTEO to be able to solve this problem. It is a biofuel which is made from
Euglena. It has a lot of merits. First, Euglena is plant and animal, so it can photosynthesize
and can do multiplication fast, so a recycling-oriented society can be created, as when
biofuels are used by cars and the CO2 emitted from them is absorbed by greenbugs. Second,
SUSTEO is less susceptible to weather conditions when making the biofuel of SUSTEO andresources do not come in limited, so It can provide a stable supply because the Euglena
company succeeded in making Commercial Outdoor Mass Culture. Third,certain informationshows that SUSTEO's CO2 emissions are sometimes less than those of electric cars.
Like this, SUSTEO has a lot of merits but it has also demerits.First, it is not known toeveryone, so it is not widely available. Second, it needs some big land to make this biofuel,but the company does not have enough land. Therefore, I need to solve this problem.

1，Introduction
I have been working on a research project for my FEWC class last year on the topic "Carsand CO2 - Minimizing Global Warming in Japan". In this research, I proposed the spread of
SUSTEO, an idea developed by Euglena Co. To minimize global warming in Japan, andconsider how to move toward its implementation. Sasteo is an earth-friendly biofuel madefrom used cooking oil (waste cooking oil) and algae such as Euglena. Through this research, I
became interested in Susteo and wondered if I could utilize Susteo in my research this year.
Therefore, since the theme of this year's research was "the world," so I researched global
warming. Then, I knew that the average temperature of the world is increasing year by year.
If this continues to increase, there are many dangerous effects, such as increased extreme
weather events. Therefore I decided to work on this research to solve this problem.

2，Purpose, SignificanceThis research’s purpose is “To Minimize Global Warming with SUSTEO in the world”.
These days, there are a lot of ways to solve global warming but they sometimes give us bad
effects. For example, Electric cars sometimes emit more CO2 than gasoline cars. However,SUSTEO does not emit any CO2 so if I suggest good ideas to spread SUSTEO, this research
will have big significance to minimize global warming in this world.

3，Research methods
I corrected the information on the Internet and after that, I started to consider solving thisproblem. When I get stuck on a consideration, I consult with my teachers, my friends, and myparents.

4，Research Results and Considerations
Global warming is a phenomenon in which the average global temperature rises due to therelease of greenhouse gasses such as CO2 into the atmosphere as a result of increased humanactivity. It is believed that global warming has been progressing because the concentration ofgreenhouse gasses in the atmosphere has increased dramatically due to the use of fossil fuelsand deforestation caused by human activities since the start of the Industrial Revolution in the
mid-18th century, which has intensified the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere. In otherwords, the emission of large amounts of greenhouse gasses causes global warming.
Therefore, I focused on the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in this study.
There are many effects that global warming will have on the Earth. For example, the numberof endangered species will increase, extreme weather events will increase, and sea levels willrise. Therefore, we must minimize the progress of global warming in order to curb these
dangerous effects.
First, I examined the progress of global warming around the world. The graph below shows
the global average temperature.

https://www.eic.or.jp/library/pickup/282/
Black shows observed value, blue brown shows estimated value that consider bothanthropogenic and natural causes, and blue shows estimated value that consider only naturalcauses.From this graph, I can read that (1) the global average temperature increased by 1.09
degrees celsius from 1850 to 2020, (2) the estimated value considering both anthropogenic
and natural causes is higher than the estimated value considering only natural causes, and (3)the estimated value considering only natural causes is almost flat from 1850 to 2020 is almost
unchanged from 1850 to 2020. Therefore, the increase in global average temperaturesindicates that global warming is progressing and that human activity is the most significant
reason for the increase.
Therefore, I looked into the situations in which carbon dioxide is emitted by humans. I foundthat carbon dioxide emissions can be divided into five sectors: energy conversion, industry,
consumer (household), consumer (business), and transportation. I decided to look into thetransportation sector, which interested me the most. The transportation sector is the sector
that represents the energy consumed by firms and households in the transportation andtransport of people and goods outside their homes, factories, and business premises as part oftheir final energy consumption. I chose this sector because I thought that automobiles, buses,
and trains, which are used to transport and carry goods, are familiar to us in our daily lives.

Also, because I was interested in the Green Beetle biofuel that I will be introducing.

https://www.jccca.org/download/13315
This graph shows how much CO2 is emitted by which means of transportation.From right toleft: private passenger cars, airplanes, buses, and trains. In other words, private passenger cars
emit the largest amount of CO2 of all vehicles.

https://www.jccca.org/download/13339
This graph also shows the number of automobiles owned worldwide. This shows that this is
an increasing trend. For this reason, I have limited my research to private cars used at home.
I looked at the situations in which carbon dioxide is emitted when driving a private car. I
found that gasoline-powered cars, which are currently the mainstream, emit carbon dioxide in
the process of fuel production and when driving. Therefore, I propose to change the fuel usedin cars in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to near zero in these situations.
The fuel is called Susteo. Sasteo is a biofuel developed by Euglena Co. This fuel iscompatible with the diesel vehicles currently in use. There are many advantages to this
proposal.
The first advantage is that it can create a recycling-oriented society. Since greenbugs areplants and animals, they can photosynthesize and multiply. Therefore, a cycle can be createdin which the greenbugs absorb the CO2 emitted from cars that use Susteo, thus creating a
recycling-oriented society.
The second advantage is that the process of making fuel is less affected by weather and otherfactors, and because Euglena has succeeded in commercial outdoor mass cultivation, which
will be explained later, there is no limit to the resources available and a stable supply ispossible.
The third advantage is that it has various advantages when compared to gasoline, electric,
and hydrogen vehicles. First, when compared to gasoline-powered vehicles, Susteo issuperior in that it has by far the lowest carbon dioxide emissions and has no limited
resources. Also, although electric and hydrogen vehicles are touted as having significantly
lower CO2 emissions, this is not true. Electric cars emit CO2 in the process of producing
electricity, so countries that produce electricity from renewable energy sources are cutting
CO2 emissions more than gasoline cars, but countries that produce electricity from coal are
not cutting CO2 emissions as much. It has also been confirmed that CO2 emissions may behigher than those of gasoline-powered cars. In other words, the CO2 cut rate of electricvehicles is determined by how electricity is produced, and the CO2 cut rate varies fromcountry to country, but this is not the case for Susteo. In addition, since hydrogen is generally
made from fossil fuels such as petroleum and natural gas in hydrogen vehicles, CO2 isemitted when fossil fuels are mined and reformed to make hydrogen, or when hydrogen isreformed for stockpiling at hydrogen stations, or when liquefied hydrogen is transported athydrogen stations. In addition, a small amount of CO2 is emitted during the process ofreforming hydrogen when it is stockpiled at hydrogen stations and transporting liquefiedhydrogen at hydrogen stations. In other words, the use of Susteo increases the C02 reduction
rate. Susteo can be used directly in diesel vehicles currently on the road, does not require new
supply infrastructure like electric or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and does not require thepurchase of a new Susteo-compatible vehicle, making it cost-effective and easy to use indaily life. Susteo has the following advantages. Thus, Susteo has many advantages overgasoline, electric, and hydrogen vehicles.
There are two problems with this proposal.
The first is that it is not widely adopted. I believe that this may be due to commercial
reasons, whereby the promotion of Susteo is being held back because it would hurt the salesof other fuels. Therefore, I think it is important to watch the timing and spread the use of
Susteo gradually.
Second, there is a lack of land to produce the fuel. Euglena's successful commercial outdoor
mass cultivation is done in a swimming pool, where the green beetles are placed in water anda large amount of carbon dioxide is pumped into them. When this is done, photosynthesis isactivated, growth is accelerated, and yields are increased. Furthermore, while the growth ofordinary plants is inhibited when exposed to a concentration of carbon dioxide that is manytimes higher than normal, the concentration of carbon dioxide can be increased up to 350
times for the greenbug. The yield is also said to increase by 30 to 40 times. However, even if
they succeed in commercial outdoor mass cultivation, which has many such advantages, itwould be impossible to spread the use of greenbug biofuel nationwide without land. In otherwords, in order to conduct commercial outdoor mass cultivation and spread the use ofgreenbug biofuel nationwide, a number of large pools are needed. Therefore, I decided toutilize idle real estate in Japan. Idle real estate is real estate that is rarely used for businessactivities. Examples include empty stores, empty buildings, abandoned factories, empty
warehouses, and vacant land. Among these, we would like to use an abandoned factory
whose land seems to be particularly large. Therefore, we looked into the current status ofabandoned factories and found statistics on abandoned factories up to 2007. I found that
although the number of such factories is gradually decreasing, there is still a lot of surplus
land available. By using such abandoned factories, we can solve two problems: the large
amount of idle real estate and the lack of land. However, since it costs a huge amount ofmoney to buy an abandoned factory, we would like to consider how to raise such money.

6，conclusions and future issues
I propose that Susteo be used as fuel for cars in order to minimize global warming in theworld. In order to do so, two issues must be solved: one is to promote its widespread use, andthe other is the lack of land to produce the fuel. However, I have not yet come up with asolution to promote its widespread use, so I would like to consider this point from now on.

7，References「株式会社ユーグレナ 公式ホームページ」 4/26
https://www.euglena.jp/「日本の現状」 4/26
https://www.erca.go.jp/erca/ondanka/japan/index.html「日本の部門別二酸化炭素排出量（2018年度）」 4/26
https://www.jccca.org/download/13335「地球温暖化の原因」 6/21
https://www.data.jma.go.jp/cpdinfo/chishiki_ondanka/p02.html#:~:text=18%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%
80%E5%8D%8A%E3%81%B0%E3%81%AE%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD,%E3%82%92%E6%8E%92%E5%87%BA%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%
82「過去の気象データ検索」 6/14
http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/monthly_s3.php?prec_no=44&block_no=47662&year=&month=&day=&view=a1「地球温暖化とは？」 6/21
https://www.gas.or.jp/kankyo/taisaku/ondanka/「地球温暖化が進むとどうなる？その影響は？」 7/5
https://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/basicinfo/1028.html「二酸化炭素の部門別排出量の『部門』について」 7/5
https://www.jccca.org/faq/15954

「運輸部門における二酸化炭素排出量」 7/12
https://www.mlit.go.jp/sogoseisaku/environment/sosei_environment_tk_000007.html「トラックの自家用と事業用（営業用）の違いを比較！」 8/30
https://shima-corp.com/labo/truck/truck-private-business-use-difference「ガソリン車とどう違う？電気自動車のメリット・デメリット」 9/13
https://www.smart-tech.co.jp/column/power-saving/electric-vehicles-merit/#:~:text=%E7%87%83%E
6%96%99%E8%B2%BB%E3%82%92%E6%8A%91%E3%81%88%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B,%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%81%AD%E3%80%82「世界の二酸化炭素排出量国別ランキング」 10/11
https://www.globalnote.jp/post-3235.html「温室効果ガスってどんなもの？」 10/22
https://www.city.minamiboso.chiba.jp/0000000779.html「ガソリン車比較サイトgogo.gs」 10/25
https://gogo.gs/「ユーグレナ、次世代バイオ燃料を日本で初めて一般販売 通常価格で提供し『地球とバイオ燃料のことを考えるきっかけになれば』」
https://car.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/1317674.html「電気自動車の電気代はガソリン代よりも安い！充電の基礎知識も解説」 10/25
https://looop-denki.com/low-v/denkinavi/electricvehicle/「海外で普及するバイオ燃料は、ガソリン車のCO2削減に大活躍！日本での普及は？」 11/1
https://energy-shift.com/navi/6d326758-70d6-4bda-b1d9-1187430fb43b「ユーグレナ社、ミドリムシ生産体制を年産160tに倍増」 11/19
https://www.euglena.jp/news/n20170131/「バイオ燃料とは・意味」 12/10
https://ideasforgood.jp/glossary/biofuel/「二酸化炭素を食べる虫 ミドリムシの恐るべき潜在パワー」 12/13
https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASDD150GM_V11C12A1000000/「クラウドファンディングとは」 12/13
https://readyfor.jp/crowdfunding/「遊休不動産」 2/28
https://www.shinnihon.or.jp/corporate-accounting/glossary/investment-properties/yukyu-fudosan.html#:~:t
ext=%E9%81%8A%E4%BC%91%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%95%E7%94%A3%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF

%E3%80%81%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD,%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%95%E7%94%A3%E3%81%AB%
E5%90%AB%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8C%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82「増え続ける遊休不動産〜問題なのは『空き家』だけではない〜」 2/28
https://www.homes.co.jp/cont/press/reform/reform_00172/「e-Stat」 2/28
https://www.e-stat.go.jp/「全国の売り倉庫・売り工場を探す」 3/7
https://www.homes.co.jp/soko/gunma/midori-city/list/

11/15
https://online.euglena.jp/shop/pages/biofuel.aspx#:~:text=%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%AA%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF,%E3%81%AB%E3%82%84%E3%81%95%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E3%81%A7%
E3%81%99%E3%80%82
https://www.euglena.jp/businessrd/energy/susteo/
https://blog.mazda.com/archive/20221010_01.html#:~:text=%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E4%BB%A3%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E8%BB%BD%E6%B2%B9%E3%81%A8%E5%90%8C%E3%81%98%E3%80%81%E7%82%AD%E7%B4%A0(,%E8%B2%A2%E7%8C%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8B%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B4%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%80%82https://www.zurich.co.jp/car/useful/guide/cc-dieselcar-merit-demerit/#:~:text=%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AB%E8%BB%8A%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%
80%81%E8%BB%BD%E6%B2%B9,%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%80%82
https://www.goo-net.com/magazine/knowhow/carlife/45111/
https://candy5.jp/news/?id=24
https://www.jccca.org/global-warming/knowleadge02
https://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/basicinfo/1034.html
12/6
https://www.egmkt.co.jp/column/consumer/20210730_EG_128.html
12/20
https://tenbou.nies.go.jp/news/fnews/detail.php?i=2944
https://www.netdenjd.com/articles/-/268588
https://akiya-now.com/?p=6687

Eat for health
To decrease obesity population with meal
5229 Ryu Eka
Abstract
The goal of my study is to suggest healthy meals which are effective in decreasing theobesity population.In this research,I define “healthy meals” as “the well-balanced diet”. I
used the Internet and interviews for information gathering.
My suggestion is to focus on Oceania,Europe and America.These areas have a higher
percentage of obesity population than others.I should take in my suggestion about healthy
meal theory which originated in Japan.I collected information by the Internet and interviews.I
interviewed my classmates who have lived in Europe and America to know what they usually
eat and what they dislike to eat.As a result,curry is commonly eaten in these threeareas.Therefore,I suggest the healthy meal which is main of curry, “HCS(Healthy Curry
Set)”.HCS’s main dish is curry which is made from curry powder,side dish is cabbage
salad,and soup is consomme soup.If you can,it’s better to eat some dessert like fruits or
yogurt.Using curry powder for curry make fewer calorie and fat than commercial one.HCS isabout 720 kcal,it’s just right for lunch and dinner.
I hope I can decide on a method of healthy meals,and increase recipes to make it easier for
people to try “healthy meals”.
1 Introduction
In developed countries and island countries,there are a lot of obese people.(graph1,2)Obesity
have high risks which will be a cause of illness,for example lifestyle disease.If we want todecrease body mass index,we must change our lifestyle, especially meals.This study focus onfood and meal,and the goal of the study is to suggest healthy meal.
I have two assumptions about making a healthy meal plan.First,it has to keep a well-balanced
diet and low calorie.Second,it can be eaten by people who are from all over the world.I makethe healthy meal which follows these rules to use low calorie and have good appetite food.Of
course,the recipe must be able to be eaten by people all over the world,so I have to think how
to arrange the recipe matched to local needs.
I research information on the internet and interview my classmates who have ever lived
abroad.
2 Discussion and implicationsFirst,I researched low-calorie,low-sugar,and good appetizing food.As aresult,mushrooms,tofu,vegetables,and seaweed are applied.They include many nutrient,likedietary fiber,vitamin,folic acid,niacin,potassium,and mineral.Actually,many recipes use thesefood to make a main dish.Only focusing on the food,I found them usually by Japanese
food.From this,I thought to make a recipe based on Japanese meal and it is easy to arrange.
Next,I researched meals eaten by people living in different areas.I said it before that low

calorie foods are usually used in Japanese meals,so I think I can refer to Japanese food ormeals to make recipes of healthy meals.However,when I search about how people evaluate
Japanese meals,some people feel Japanese foods tastes bad.At that time,I found curry may beeaten by people all over the world.I searched on the internet and interviewed my classmates
who had lived in abroad for the proof that it is true.From the internet,almost all of Asian eat
curry.From the interview,South and North American,European,and Oceanian also eat it.Oneof my classmates who has experience of living abroad told me that she often eat Indian style
curry at Sweden. I searched for Oceanian food culture because I couldn’t have credible
evidences.Oceanian food culture is affected a lot by other countries,of course including
Indian food culture.Therefore,curry is a good food to accept by this research main target,who
live in Oceania,Europe ,and America area.Based on this research,I decided to use theJapanese food concept,which is “one soup and three side dishes”or “one soup and two side
dishes”,people call it set meals.
This time,I suggest “Healthy Curry Set”,I call it HCS.Main dish is rice,bread,or naan,sidedishes are curry roux and coleslaw salad,soup is consomme soup.If you can,you should
better add some desserts like bananas or yogurt.I calculate HCS’s total calories and PFC
balance.(graph3) 721 kcal is just better for lunch,and PFC balance is almost better.
Then,I introduce HCS's effect.Making curry roux uses meat(beef,chicken,pork,or processedmeats),carrots,onions,mushrooms,potatoes and tomatoes to make curry roux.We can ingest
protein from meats and dietary fiber from vegetables which help us improve intestinal
environment.In this time,I recommend making curry roux from curry powder and not using
commercially prepared curry roux.If we make it from powder,we can cut calories.Curry
include a lot of spices,and I summarize the effects of spices which are usually used for curryroux.(graph4) Making coleslaw salad uses cabbage,holl corn,and carrots without using
dressing to eat them to cut down fat.Using sweeter vegetables make people who dislike
vegetables try to eat it easier.Making consomme soup uses radish and Chinese cabbage.It not
only help us improve intestinal environment,but also helps us feel of satisfaction.
According to the above things,HCS fills these terms:It can take dietary fiber,and help us
improve intestinal environment.It can make us feel satisfied.It has better PFC balance.
You may think HCS is a great and good balanced meal just reading this but it also has ademerit.We need more time to make it than others.These days,many people are busy for theirworks and sometimes they not just have no time to make meals,but also have no time toeat,soo I think we need some devising,for example,packing rice for each meal,or making one
week curry roux and consomme soup in once and saving it in refrigerator.
3 Conclution
We have to decrease obese population,and to achieve it we can change from our lifestyle,especially foods or meals.Some foods,for example vegetables and spices will help us
health.We should use these foods to improve our meals.Not only foods are important,but also
the thinking way of meal is important,too.Japanese style meal, “one soup and three/two side
dishes”is good for health.
According to above,healthy meals need to fill these terms:
1.It can take dietary fiber,and help us improve our intestinal environment.
2.It can make us feel satisfied.
3.It has better PFC balance.
The idea I suggest, “Healthy Curry Set(HCS)” can be eaten by Oceanian,European,andSouth and North American.

In the future,I need to think about how to spread it to people,and how to make them try it.Just
making a plan is not effective,we must make it practical.If I can,I want to increase recipes ofhealthy meals like HCS.
4 References
Calorie Slism
https://calorie.slism.jp/total/ (2023/01/24)
Does curry roux have high calories?Search it by type and manufacture!This is the way to eat it
healthy.｜Oggi.jp
https://oggi.jp/6754058 (2023/01/27)
The effect of spice.｜JFSCA
https://www.asc-jp.com/syokubu/spice/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%81%
AE%E5%8A%B9%E8%83%BD%E3%81%A8%E5%8A%B9%E6%9E%9C/#index21 (2022/10/26)
Basic spices we use for curry.｜JSFCA
https://www.asc-jp.com/syokubu/spice/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%81%A7%E4%BD%BF%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%8
2%A4%E3%82%B9/ (2022/10/26)
Mushrooms’ type and effect.｜KINOKOYA
https://www.gaspo-kinokoya.com/blog/blog_detail/index/987.html (2022/09/14)
Let’s compare food and culture around the world!｜Meiji Co.,Ltd.
https://www.meiji.co.jp/meiji-shokuiku/worldculture/ (2022/09/14)
What is a balanced meal?｜Tanita magazine｜Tanita
https://www.tanita.co.jp/magazine/column/4796/ (2022/06/14)『Data book for understand the world. 32 edition The International Illustrated Congress of theWorld』｜Yano Kota Memorial Association (2022/04/22)

graph1

graph2graph3

graph4

Living with Dementia
Dementia care in future
5301 Aihara Tamaki

Abstract
In 2013, the Dementia Summit was held, reflecting the global trend of population aging
and the significant impact of the increasing number of dementia patients on society. The
shortage of nursing care workers has also become a serious issue. While various countries aresharing their dementia care policies and advancing collaborative research, the market for
nursing care robots using the latest technology has rapidly expanded in recent years, and theacceptance of foreign care workers has also increased. To support future dementia care, I
believe it is necessary to provide one robot per individual to each country's unique caresystem, enabling support for daily life, and to promote the acceptance of foreign care
workers. It is essential to foster understanding of robots and foreign care workers among
those who support nursing care at the same time.

1.Introduction
As the world population is rapidly aging, more and more elderly people would get
demented. Also, people cannot live with dementia with medical care alone because many
dementia diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, are progressive, and it is difficult torecover from cognitive dysfunction and lifestyle disorders with today’s medical care.
Therefore, caring is very important to support people who have dementia.
However, the number of care workers is not enough, and many developed countries haveadvanced caregiving robots. In many studies, experts suggest some caregiving robots such astransfer aid robots, therapeutic robots, and communication robots could face challenges
against both the aging population and the lack of workers in the care sector. What is more,
many developed countries accept foreign workers as nurses or caregivers. In order to makethose who have dementia live respectfully as individuals, I want to research future dementia
care, including with the foreign caregivers and AI robots. To begin with, I want to search thecurrent condition of dementia care, and search what problem their families are facing now.
Next, searching for the utilization status of robots in the nursing care industry and acceptancestatus of foreign workers, I want to consider what to do to improve the present condition.

2.Discussion and implications
Looking at (Fig.1), according to Pablo Alvarez, regarding the world’s aging populationfrom 1950 to 2100, in 2022, there were 771 million people aged 65+ years globally,accounting for almost 10% of the world’s population. This segment has been growing at anincreasing rate, and it’s expected to hit 16% in 2050, and eventually 24% by 2100.
(Figure 1)(Figure2)(Epidemiology and risk
factors of dementia)

This shows that the risk of dementia increases with age.

(Figure3)

World Alzheimer Report 2015; The Global Impact of Dementia (Alzheimer’s Disease
International)
It shows that dementia is common and it's growing around the world.
From (Fig.1), (Fig.2) and (Fig3), you can see that the number of people with dementia will
increase around the world in the future.
About dementia, WHO defined “Dementia is a syndrome that can be caused by a numberof diseases which over time destroy nerve cells and damage the brain.”
Dementia has physical, psychological, social and economic impacts, not only for people
living with dementia, but also for their carers, families and society at large.(graph4)
Not only medical care, but also caring is essential in order to support them.
(Figure4) Clinical Image of Dementia : Complication

Now dementia has become a global issue, leading to the G8 Dementia Summit in London
in December 2013. The summit was attended by government representatives from G8
countries, the European Commission, the WHO, the OECD, as well as dementia experts andpharmaceutical company representatives from various countries. The summit focused on
introducing and exchanging information on the current state of dementia, national policies,
dementia research, and social initiatives from a wide range of perspectives. The main
declaration included goals to significantly increase joint research funding for dementia,
identify treatments or disease-modifying therapies for dementia by 2025, increase the numberof people engaged in dementia-related research, and promote international collaboration to
support dementia innovation. As a result of the summit, the UK government established theWorld Dementia Council (WDC).
Several advanced countries, including the UK, France, the US, and Australia, have beenformulating dementia strategies.
In the caring industry, according to the International Labor Organization (ILO), there is a
shortage of 1.36 million caregivers worldwide. The global shortage of caregivers has led toconsideration of introducing robots to reduce the burden on staff. The global market for
nursing care robots is predicted to reach $448.68 million by 2031, up from $114.40 million in
2022. According to latest research findings, solutions, and challenges in the field of robotics
for dementia care were covered in the recent webinar called “Cognitively assistive robots fordementia care” by experts from the leading companies and educational institutions: Tombot,
Inc., the University of Minnesota Duluth, University of Waterloo, University of Illinois
Urbana-Champaign, University of Queensland, and Dalhousie University. For instance,
Minnesota shared unveiling insights demonstrating that robots significantly enhancecognition and mood in individuals with dementia.
However, some families and individuals with dementia are unable to accept robots due tothe lack of warmth they provide. Additionally, many countries have been incorporating
foreign workers, with some having over half of their caregiving workforce composed offoreigners. Western countries have established systems for the acceptance of foreign workers,
targeting those with a certain level of skills. On the other hand, there are challenges such as
anxiety about foreign caregivers due to differences in language and culture.
Wanting to know what people with dementia and their families actually think about thecurrent caring situation, I conducted a survey of families with the cooperation of a dementia
care center in the prefecture as table 1.

Table 1

The survey results are as follows:
Figure 5・87% of the respondents were aware of the shortageof caregiving personnel, which was more than
expected as Fig.5.

Figure 6
・Regarding daily life challenges, 78% of the respondents reported being repeatedly asked thesame questions, followed by 34% who expressed a lack of motivation or unwillingness to do
anything, 33% who reported urinary or fecal incontinence, and 32% who reported delusions
or hallucinations as Fig.6. Communication robots that can answer repeated same questions bydemented people will be very helpful for their families.

Figure7・In terms of the introduction of caregiving robots, 64% of the respondents were in favor, 32%
were against, and 4% were undecided. Reasons for not wanting are as Fig.7

Figure 8
・As for foreign caregiving staff, 73% of the respondents were open to accepting them, 26%
felt resistance, and 1% were unsure. Reasons for against are as Fig.8

The resistance to robots seems to be greater than the resistance to foreign caregiving staff,
with many comments citing the coldness of machines as a reason for this. Concerning foreign
caregiving staff, some voices suggested that the issue is not about nationality but about
differences in culture, language, and human qualities.There were also opinions expressing alack of understanding and a desire for more explanation about the robots.

3.Conclusion
In conclusion, to address the ongoing increase in dementia, I believe that it is important toactively utilize nursing care robots and foreign care workers. Specifically, I propose two
measures. First, the development of specialized nursing care robots for dementia. These
robots should be equipped with AI to address common issues based on surveys of families
affected by dementia.Communication robots to answer the same questions repeated again andagain by demented people, will be a relief for their families. Furthermore, a "dementia robot
prescription" should be established, providing one robot per individual through consultations
with dementia patients, their families, and physicians at their regular hospitals. Second,
regarding the acceptance of foreign care workers, existing systems should be reorganized,
and initiatives should be developed to make Japan a more attractive place for those who wish
to work in Japan. My own survey revealed that there is a significant number of people whoare resistant to accepting robots and foreign care workers, making it necessary to further
promote understanding among the public about care robots and foreign workers to support
demented people and their families.

4.References
・認知症と共に暮らせる社会をつくる
https://www.tmghig.jp/research/topics/201703-3382/
・諸外国の外国人労働者受入制度(アメリカ、イギリス、ドイツ、フランス、オランダ、オーストラリア、韓国、EU)
https://www.jil.go.jp/foreign/labor_system/2022/special/no.249.html
・G8認知症サミット 概要 共同声明 宣言
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/0000033640.html
・介護ロボットの市場規模、シェア、成長
https://www.businessresearchinsights.com/jp/market-reports/caring-patient-robot-market-100
743
・外国人介護人材の人口的側面とその国際比較
https://www.ipss.go.jp/syoushika/bunken/data/pdf/19750406.pdf
・What we can learn from Japan's adoption of robots in the service sector
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/02/study-robots-service-sector-japan/
・How Will Robotics Change Nursing Care in 2030/2040?
https://www.mri.co.jp/en/50th/columns/robotics/no03/
・Charted: The World’s Aging Population from 1950 to 2100
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/charted-the-worlds-aging-population
・Dementia
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia
・Cognitively assistive robots for dementia carehttps://aiforgood.itu.int/cognitively-assistive-robots-for-dementia-care/https://aiforgood.itu.int/event/cognitively-assistive-robots-for-dementia-care/
・Healthcare Robots: Overview of the Top 10 Use Cases
https://howtorobot.com/expert-insight/healthcare-robots
・Epidemiology and risk factors of dementia
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16291918/
https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/76/suppl_5/v2
・Faces and Phases of Dementia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=feE4cPWGPvA

Living with Nature
The environmental pollution with fashion industry
5302 Aoyagi Kokoro
Abstract
Recently, it has been becoming a problem that human endeavors pollute theenvironment. So, I decided to study how we can stop it and protect the environment.
According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the fashion industry
places the second place of the environmental pollution industry. I had been studying about it,
focusing on the fashion industry. In the fashion industry, a big amount of produce,
consumption, and disposal are big problems. Therefore I decided to think about them byseparating them into three blocks: the production stage, the consumption stage, and thedisposal stage. I want to suggest using Polylactic Acid fiber as a solution for the production
stage, a system lentaling clothes for the consumption stage, and a point system for thecollection of old clothes for the disposal stage.
1 Introduction
Human endeavors destroy the environment. So we have to think about what we can doto protect the environment and move. Fashion industry is the second largest industry thatpollutes the environment and is a familiar industry. So I think we ought to focus on the
fashion industry by thinking about environmental pollution by human endeavors.
2 Discussion and implicationsFirst, I’d like to talk about the current situation of the fashion industry. The United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development announced that the fashion industry is thesecond largest industry that pollutes the environment. Elisa Tonda, Head of the Consumption
and Production Unit at the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), explained the urgency of
now situation : “The global production of clothing and footwear generates 8% of the world’s
greenhouse gas emissions and, with manufacturing concentrated in Asia, the industry ismainly reliant on hard coal and natural gas to generate electricity and heat. If we carry on
with a business-as-usual approach, the greenhouse gas emissions from the industry are
expected to rise by almost 50% by 2030.” According to McKinsey 2019 State of Fashion
report, people buy 60% more clothing than they did 15 years ago, and they also are keeping
them only half as long as they used to.
As I mentioned above, this problem can be separated into three blocks : the production
stage, the consumption stage, and the disposal stage.
Second, I’d like to talk about the production stage. We use a big amount of water andnatural resources when we manufacture clothes. I have no idea which solves these problems ;however, I want to suggest the fiber that is good for nature when we dispose of them. That isBiodegradable fibers. There are various kinds of biodegradable fiber and they can be used fora long time under normal conditions, but in compost or soil, it can be eventually hydrolysedand biodegraded by microorganisms into water and carbon dioxide. By using this fiber, we
can reduce the impact on nature when we discard clothes. They not only can be biodegradedby secreted enzymes of microorganisms, but also are expected to be reused. However, they
have a problem: it’s difficult for them to decompose in the ocean. And they may bepromoting the pollution of water. So we have to dispose of all of them on the ground. If
everyone’s yard could be a place that can disassemble clothes, we could discard them more
eco-friendly and efficiently. Therefore we should enable people to make the situation thathydrolysis and biodegrading occur actively. For that, we can enable people to breed
microorganisms to biodegrade their clothes in their yard. So I want to suggest making a kit tobreed microorganisms easily.
Third, I’d like to talk about the consumption stage. One of the causes of big amounts ofconsumption is fast fashion. Companies sell low quality products that are the latest fashion.
People can buy a lot of clothes at low prices. Then the amount of clothing consumed has been
increasing. So we have to reduce our consumption. However, these days , particularly theyoung tend to focus on not so much quality but quantity. They want not to use high quality
products for a long time but to use low quality products for a short period of time andvarious kinds of clothes . Then, I want to suggest the rentaling clothing system. People canselect clothes that they want to wear and order them on the internet. And we deliver them tocustomers. People can enjoy various kinds of clothes without buying them. By sharing
clothes with many people, the consumption will decrease. We’ll transfer a part of profits that
we can earn to companies and request them to cooperate with us.
Last, I want to talk about the disposal stage. Most people don’t donate or recycle orreuse clothes that they no longer wear but discard them. The reason that people take action
like this is because it’s bothersome to clean clothes or check them to send a collection. For
making people recycle clothes, we can make a system that people who recycle clothes can get
profits. Then I want to suggest a point system for the collection of old clothes. But, I haven’t
found the details of this system. So I want to think about that.
3 Conclusion
We have to stop the progress of grobal warming or destroy the environment. And the
fashion industry pollutes the environment extremely. So we can proceed with the preventionof environmental destruction by resolving the problems of the fashion industry’s
environmental pollution. For that I propose four things: using biodegradable fiber, making thebreeding microorganisms kits, rentaling clothes system, and making a point system for thecollection of old clothes. But there are still a lot of problems that I have to solve in thesesuggestions. So I want to consider them, from now on.
4 References
UN launches drive to highlight environmental cost of staying fashionable 1/25
https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/03/1035161
生分解性繊維 4/24
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/fiber/62/11/62_11_P_330/_pdf

天然繊維と合成繊維の科学 5/12
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kakyoshi/66/9/66_444/_pdf/-char/ja
高分子材料の生分解性と難生分解性高分子材料の生分解 5/12
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/mls2001/19/1/19_1_13/_pdf/-char/ja
生分解性繊維の動向 5/12
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transjtmsj1972/46/7/46_7_P264/_pdf
生分解性高分子分解酵素 12/4
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/mls2001/19/1/19_1_1/_pdf/-char/ja
微生物の発見と性質について（1） 5/12
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cookeryscience/43/6/43_371/_pdf
微生物の発見と性質について（2） 5/12
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cookeryscience/44/1/44_88/_pdf
脂肪族ポリエステルの構造と生分解性 12/11
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/fiber1944/52/5/52_5_P200/_pdf
植物由来ポリ乳酸の分解機構および速度 12/11
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikizai/81/2/81_2_54/_pdf
Apparel supply chain worldwide - Statistics & Facts 2022/12/18
https://www.statista.com/topics/8824/apparel-supply-chain-worldwide/#dossierKeyfigures
Global apparel market - statistics & facts 2022/12/18
https://www.statista.com/topics/5091/apparel-market-worldwide/#topicHeader__wrapper
環境省_サステナブルファッション 2022/12/14
https://www.env.go.jp/policy/sustainable_fashion/
天然繊維と化学繊維の特徴 11/6
https://www.diy-shop.jp/contents/diy-school-fabric/nuno_fiber.html
エコノミストOnline 11/6
https://weekly-economist.mainichi.jp/articles/20211221/se1/00m/020/065000c
微生物が24時間で分解！生ゴミは“運ばず、燃やさず、その場で処理”が最先端に 11/6
https://emira-t.jp/special/13049/
ポリ乳酸繊維の活用で、衣服の環境負荷低減へ！ 8/28
https://academist-cf.com/projects/240?lang=ja
地球に優しいサステナブル素材の種類と特徴。ファッションもエシカル志向へ 4/24
https://komehyo.jp/komeru/885
つくられた洋服の6割以上は捨てられているという現実。ファッションロスに私達はどう立ち向かうのか。 2022/12/19
https://note.com/forfashionfuture/n/n6482f179a9a9
ファストファッションは勝ち組ビジネスモデルなのか？知っておくべき問題点 2022/12/14
https://www.otsuka-shokai.co.jp/erpnavi/category/apparel/sp/solving-problems/archive/21092
9-02.html
PLAの生分解性プラスチックとしての誤解 12/11
https://nature3d.net/explanation/pla_notreally.html#:~:text=%E7%9F%AD%E6%9C%9F%E
9%96%93%E3%81%AB%E5%8A%A0%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3,%E6%9
D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E3%81%AF%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%81%
A7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82

Sustainable Avocados-To eat avocados in the future5303 Abe Atsuki
Abstract
I heard cultivating avocados impacts on the environment in the world. Avocados have 10
kinds of vitamins and 20 % of fats so it is called “forests’ butter.” Avocados got certified byGuinness World Records because they have the most nutrition of all fruits. In Japan,
consumption has been increasing and Japan imports avocados from other countries, forexample, Mexico. However, it is said that cultivating avocados is not sustainable. There arethree problems of nurturing them. They are “using a lot of water”, “emitting carbon dioxide
when we transport them”, and ”danger to farmers”. In these issues, I focused on “emitting
carbon dioxide when we transport them”.
First, I thought it was a good way to cultivate avocados in other countries. Now, countries
which nurture avocados are tropical onesfor example, Mexico, Dominican republic, Peru.
Aquaponics and Ecovado are good ways to solve this problem.
1 Introduction
I heard cultivating avocados impacts on the environment in the world. Avocados have 10
kinds of vitamins and 20 % of fats therefore it is called forests’ butter. Avocados get certified
by Guinness World Records because it has the most nutrition of all fruits. In Japan,
consumption has been increasing, so Japan imports avocados from other countries, forexample Mexico. However, it is said that cultivating avocados is not sustainable. There arethree problems in nurturing them. They are “using a lot of water”, “emitting carbon dioxide
when we transport it”,”danger to farmers”. From these issues, I focused on “emitting carbon
dioxide when we transport it”.
2 Discussion and implication
Avocados have 3 problems which hinder making the world sustainable.
First, making avocados uses a lot of water. According to Water Ade, we have to use 2
thousand liters of water to make 1 kilogram of avocados.This is 10 times as many as that oftomatoes. In Mexico, Mexicans use water to fill 3800 pools to grow avocados in a day, so
there is drought.
3 Conclusion
First, I thought it was a good way to cultivate avocados in other countries. Now countries
which nurture avocados are tropical countries for example, Mexico, Dominican republic,
Pelu. We have to grow avocados in places where it is more than 20 degrees but global

warming has raised temperatures around the world, which has increased the number of areas
where avocados can be grown.I thought we could reduce carbon dioxide emission to growthem in the countries which are not tropical. However, there is a problem.If they were to begrown in non-tropical countries, they would use a lot of water and it would cause water
shortages in those countries.In addition, many countries cannot grow avocados due to theland size and soil problems.

Second, I think that aquaponics is a technology that can solve problems from making
avocados.Aquaponics is a word from aquaculture and hydroponics.Aquaponics is atechnology that reuses water used for fish farming as water for growing vegetables. Fishwaste is broken down into nutrients by bacteria, allowing vegetables to grow in nutrient-richwater.Aquaponics can only be used for vegetables grown hydroponically; avocados aregrown in soil, so this technology cannot be directly incorporated.However, I thought that it
can solve problems to grow avocados using unclean but nutrient-rich water, such as waterused for fish farming or treated in the sewage system but it is not usable for drinking.

Third, fake avocados which are called Ecovado is the way of solving the problem.Toppage
which made ecovado said that Ecovado is an alternative to avocado that employs design
thinking to help consumers reduce the amount of avocado they eat with introducing them to
unfamiliar, yet more diverse, ingredient combinations. It was designed by identifying thechemical elements of avocados and the functionality of each molecule to try to findequivalents from more local and low-impact sources that do not rely on threatened crops. By
formulating the recipe from local ingredients, the flavor varies across production locations.
Therefore, this first recipe that uses widely produced British ingredients will taste different
than an Ecovado created in another country.
These are ways to solve Avocado’s problems.
4 References
・What is important when we choose sustainable avocados（2023.5）
https://www. huffingtonpost. jp/entry/story_jp_613814e0e4b0eab0ad9eb8e8
・Are avocados devil fruits?（2023.6）
https://news. yahoo. co. jp/byline/mitsuji shoji/20210621-00243982
・Avocados used by the mafia（2023.6）
https://plus. iru-miru. com/ja/article/39029
・Avocado Production Ranking in the World（2023.7）
https://www. global note. jp/post-916. html
・What is aquaponics?（2023.7）
https://spaceshipearth.jp/aquaponics/
・Ecovado（2023.7）
https://www.arina-shokouhi.com/ecovado
・What is the agricultural use of "sewage resources" that leads to reduced cultivation costs andincreased yields?（2023.9）
https://www.magazine.mlit.go.jp/interview/vol44-b-1/

Power transmission lines using superconductor technology.
〜Reduction of quantized flux travel distance〜
5304 Komei Inochi
Abstract
Since H. K. Onnes first discovered superconductivity in mercury in 1913, research onsuperconductivity has progressed, and now Type 2 superconductors have also been
discovered. This research aims to reduce AC loss, which is a barrier to zero transmission loss
in power lines, by taking advantage of the zero electrical resistance of superconductivity.
1.introductinElectricity is an essential part of our lives, but as much as 5% of electricity has been lost
during transmission in developed countries. Since power transmission losses are caused by
Joule heat generated by electronic resistance in conductors, this research aims to eliminate
power transmission losses by using superconductors whose electrical resistance becomes zeroat very low temperatures ,especially Class 2 superconductors whose peculiarity is muchhigher than the other. However, Class 2 superconductors allow some magnetic flux topenetrate, resulting in losses proportional to the distance traveled by the magnetic flux. This
study focuses on a conductor model that minimizes the quantized magnetic flux travel
distance to reduce AC losses.
2 Superconductors
2.1 Properties of Superconductors
Superconductivity has two properties: perfect conductor, which means that when a particular
metal or compound is cooled to a critical temperature, its electrical resistance is zero, andperfect anti magnetism, which means that the external magnetic field is completely shielded
and the internal magnetic field is also zero. In this issue, the phenomenon of electricalresistance being zero is utilized.
2.2 Perfect anti magnetism
A material in the superconducting state is in the
Meissner effect state, where the magnetic field
is eliminated and the internal magnetic field iszero. Since the magnetic flux density is a
non-divergent field, perfect anti magnetism iscaused by vortices caused by currents on thesurface of the superconductor that pushes out
the magnetic flux lines. The magnetic flux lines
are classified into Class 1 superconductors andClass 2 superconductors based on the
difference in magnetic flux lines. Althoughextra energy is required to maintain perfect antimagnetism, Type 1 superconductors exhibit perfect anti magnetism from a low magnetic fieldregion, and eventually, as the magnetic field
increases, they suddenly transition to normal
conduction at the critical magnetic field Hc
because they are unable to withstand theextra energy. On the other hand, themagnitude of the magnetic field of a Class 2
superconductor decreases when the lower
critical field Hc1 is reached, and it
continuously transitions to normal
conduction with a further increase in themagnetic field until the upper critical field
Hc2 is reached. Thus, Type 2
superconductors are able to maintain ahigher Hc by partially allowing the magnetic
field to penetrate in terms of Free Energy.
Type 2 superconductors also have significantly higher Tc,critical temperature, and Jc, criticalcurrent density, as well as Hc,critical magnetic field.
2.3 Vortex thread state of type 2 superconductors
The vortex state is the region between Hc1
and Hc2, where both the superconducting
region and the normal-conducting region
where the quantized magnetic flux has
penetrated exist. When a current is appliedhere, the magnetic flux is subjected to theLorentz force 2.4perpendicular to the current.
When the magnetic flux moves with avelocity V due to this force, an electric fieldis generated by Faraday's law, E=V・B. This
causes the electric field to be directed in the direction in which the current flows, i.e., apotential difference is generated in that direction, creating electrical resistance. Therefore, inthe vortex thread state, it is necessary to suppress the magnetic flux to reduce the electricalresistance to zero. Fortunately, impurities and defects in the superconductor material suppress
the magnetic flux, resulting in zero electrical resistance. This holding force is called the"pinning force," and the Lorentz force must be less than the pinning force for the electricalresistance to be zero. Incidentally, the critical current density (Jc) is the state of theantagonistic limit.
3. AC losses
When a large current is applied here in conjunction with power transmission, the Lorentz
force, which exceeds the pinning force according to Fleming's left-hand rule, acts, causing
the quantized magnetic flux to move. This causes induced electromotive force and electricallosses. This is the cause of AC losses.

AC loss is similar to frictional heat and is determined by the pinning force over the distance
moved by the quantized magnetic flux, so shortening the distance the quantized magnetic flux
can move can reduce AC loss. In this research. The objective of this research is to graphicallyshorten the movable distance of the quantized magnetic flux.
4. Model for reducing AC losses
4.1 SCSC cables (FURUKAWADENNKOU)
By dividing the conductor portion of the transmission line into thin filaments and shortening
the distance traveled by the flux quantum wire as it enters the superconductor, AC losses are
reduced. Then, by bundling those filaments together, a power transmission line with low AC
loss can be realized. However, if, for example, the superconducting state of a filament isbroken, no current will flow to that filament at all, resulting in a significant lack of stability.
Therefore, copper is plated to connect the filaments so that current can be diverted from thefilament where the superconducting state is broken through the copper to the other filaments.
In addition, the filament is rolled around a cylindrical core to prevent the magnetic flux fromchanging the way it enters the filament, as the magnetic field of the alternating current
induces a current called a coupling current through the copper between the filaments

4.2 Subdivision of filaments
As the external magnetic field increases, the magnetic flux
lines locally exceed the shielding capacity and the area where
the hidden current flows to the center expands, so thehysteresis loss can be reduced by making the filament thinner.
Simultaneously, its multiline makes Magnetic instability
eliminated.
To reduce Joule losses due to coupling currents induced
between filaments, they are wound in a spiral shape and ahigh-resistance base material is used at the core.

3.conclusion
By making the conductor section an aggregate of many filaments, the hysteresis loss can be
reduced and magnetic stabilization can be achieved. Coupling losses can also be reduced bywrapping the filaments in a spiral shape around a core made of a high-resistance material.

Furthermore, the filaments should be plated with copper to stabilize the electrical supply.
However, we would like to consider how much wire can be produced using current
technology and the cost.
4. References
FIG1
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-75672-7_2(2023/10/9)
FIG2
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VA-pAtC6Jju-_TN6aNYjxsiNuDRI6VPLBYxRLP2E
w8o/edit(2023/10/9)
FIG3
https://www.furukawa.co.jp/release/2021/kenkai_20211116.html(2023/10/9)
FIG4
https://www.furukawa.co.jp/release/2021/kenkai_20211116.html(2023/10/9)
FIG5
http://st-on.jp/2012gattman/index02.html(2023/10/9)
1) 超伝導現象と電磁気学II 松下 照男 (2022/8/17)
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jcsj/46/9/46_9_530/_article/-char/ja/2)電磁気学の奥深さ（１）：電気と磁気の対応は E-H か、E-B か Y. Karasawa (2021/3/4)
http://www.radio3.ee.uec.ac.jp/ronbun/TR-YK-023_EM-1.pdf
3)静電誘導と誘電分極 YUKIMURA (2022/5/24)
https://www.yukimura-physics.com/entry/elemag01
4)超電導技術の将来展望 阪本 幸俊 (2022/7/17)
https://www.mri.co.jp/knowledge/column/i6sdu6000000vcg9-att/tec_17.pdf5)反強磁性電子と共存する高温超伝導電子 ~ 銅酸化物高温超伝導体に潜む30年来の未解決問題に終止符 ~ 國定 聡 方 (2023/7/9)
https://www.issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp/maincontents/news2.html?pid=11098#:~:text=%E9%8A%85%
E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E9%AB%98%E6%B8%A9%E8%B6%85%E4%B
C%9D%E5%B0%8E%E4%BD%93%E3%81%AF%E4%BA%8C%E6%9E%9A,%E8%B6%8
5%E4%BC%9D%E5%B0%8E%E3%81%8C%E7%99%BA%E7%8F%BE%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%80%82
6)第一原理からの超伝導理論 高田 康民 (2022/5/23)
http://mercury.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~bussei.kenkyu/pdf/03/1/9999-031203.pdf
7)第１３会超伝導 作者不明 (2023/1/4)

http://www.phys.ocha.ac.jp/furukawalab//Lecture2_files/13.pdf8)超伝導とは？ Quantum Maaterials Lab (2023/4/7)
https://ss.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/legacy_QM.php?p=research/res-sub/contents/sc.html
9)超伝導体の特徴!! Akimitsu laboratory (2022/12/15)
http://www.phys.aoyama.ac.jp/~w3-jun/achievements/study_sc_chara.html#210)鉄系新超伝導体 (2022/4/16)
https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/gijyutu/gijyutu2/015-3/shiryo/__icsFiles/afieldfile/11)超電導とケンカしない磁場 野々村 禎彦 (2023/5/7)
https://slidesplayer.net/slide/11567855/
12)高温超伝導体の交流損失 雨宮 尚之 (2022/10/7)
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jcsj/45/8/45_8_376/_pdf/-char/ja
13)新系統の高温超伝導物質における超伝導転移温度の上昇を発見 高橋 博樹 (2022/11/28)
https://www.jst.go.jp/pr/announce/20080424/index.html

14)Y系酸化物高温超電導線材 岩熊成卓 (2023/6/1)
http://www.istec.or.jp/web21/pdf/11_07/1107J6.pdf

Efficiently Conserve Species
How can We Conserve the Ecosystem?

5305 Saku Ebara
Abstract
This study was started with the aim of making
Japan's measures for endangered species more
effective. First, if you search for the national parks,
you will find that Yellowstone National Park takes
measures to protect nature from human intervention,
and Ankarafantsica National Park is a protected area
where humans live. It has been revealed that thesituation is similar to that of Japan's isolated islands.
In the future, I would like to find more effective
countermeasures by researching the history of Yellowstone, countermeasures for
Ankarafantsica, and other national parks.
Introduction
I researched this because I was interested in environmental issues. Then, this graph 1
caught my eye. This graph shows that living things are becoming extinct at a very rapid ratein the world. I thought this was a very serious problem because the rate of increase in
numbers would cause great damage to the ecosystem. Therefore, the goal of this research isto ``reduce the rate of extinction of living things.''
In order to prevent the increase of extinct species, it is necessary to reduce the number of
species that are likely to become extinct. To do this, we first need to know ``why the species
became an endangered species'' and ``the habitat of the endangered species.'' We will also
obtain similar information regarding this extinct species. Therefore, I am involved in nature
conservation activities in Japan, and this method in Japan means protecting only that species.
Thus, I import foreign methods of nature conservation to Japan, and then learn how to deal
with them in various environments. What's more, when it comes to invasive species, thecountry of origin knows more about them.
Research way
1 learn the way to protect creatures of the National Park
2 study locations related to the National Park
3 consider whether it can be taken in Japan

Results and Discussion
・Yellowstone National Park: U.S.A.
・They use methods to preserve nature as it is with as little human intervention as possible.
⇔In Japan, human intervention is used to conserve rare species.
↑Since nature is complex, such actions may actually hinder conservation.
⇔Other countries are far ahead in resource development and tourist destinations.
・This park and other parks are protected by the National Environmental Policy Act.
・The measures taken at this park are known as the ”Yellowstone Model'' and are used as amodel around the world.
・In the past, there was some progress in turning it into a tourist destination.
→The method and process of transitioning from that time to now may be helpful.

National Environmental Policy Act
The National Environmental Policy Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1969, signed
by President Richard Nixon, and became effective on January 1, 1970. The Act was the firstof its kind in the world to require that Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) be
conducted and that federal government actions take nature conservation into consideration. It
also established the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) in the Office of the President
to monitor national environmental policy and required the submission of an annual report on
the U.S. environment. The act requires that environmental values be considered in the processof federal decision-making acts, with the goal of "ensuring the productive coexistence of man
and nature and the fulfillment of social and economic needs. It requires the submission ofEnvironmental Impact Statements for legislative acts and proposals and other federal
activities that significantly affect the human environment. Agencies determine whether an
Environmental Impact Statement is required for proposed federal actions, such as
development projects and permits, and are required to submit an Environmental Impact
Statement if there is a potential for significant impacts on the human environment following
implementation of the proposed action.
Killarney Park: Ireland
The National Parks and Wildlife Service is a cooperative effort of several organizations,
including the park's management.
The site is not completely transitioned because of the development of recreational and tourist
facilities, although it states that the main purpose of the site is to protect nature.
・Ankarafantsika National Park: Madagascar
It is now under the management of the National Park Service in accordance with the COAP:
Protected Areas Management Law enacted by the government.
There are six villages in the protected area.
During the colonial period, "fortress-style conservation," a method of protecting plants andanimals by excluding local residents, was adopted, but now, gradually, the method is shifting
to "resident-participation-style conservation.
→The situation is similar to Okinawa and the Ogasawara Islands in Japan.

Nowadays, forests have been reduced due to the effects of slash-and-burn farming by tribal
people and others.
6. Conclusions and future issues
Since the current form alone cannot be utilized in Japan, the history of Yellowstone
National Park's transition to the current form of activities will be investigated.
Since the situation in Ankarafantsika National Park was very similar to that of the isolatedislands in Japan, this activity could be applied to Japan by studying it more closely.
The number of locations needs to be increased due to the small number of people who weresurveyed.
We need to find out how much nature can be maintained in each national park to know which
activities are effective.

References
・10 Easy Things You Can Do to Save Endangered Species
https://www.endangered.org/10-easy-things-you-can-do-to-save-endangered-species/
2023/11/20
・Environment National Geographic https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment
2023/11/20
・環境問題に関する世論調査 図１６ - 内閣府
https://survey.gov-online.go.jp/h26/h26-kankyou/zh/z16.html 2023/11/20
・原生自然法という自然保護 | くらしの良品研究所 | 無印良品
https://www.muji.net/lab/living/130703.html 2023/11/20
・温暖化で米イエローストーン国立公園が危機に＝保護団体 | ロイター
https://jp.reuters.com/article/idJPjiji2011092900342 2023/11/20
・【人類世の地球環境】イエローストーン国立公園に見る米国の環境保護思想
https://cigs.canon/article/20181005_5247.html 2023/11/20
・Kerry Biosphere Reserve https://kerrybiosphere.ie/ 2023/11/20
・Explore the Biosphere https://kerrybiosphere.ie/explore 2023/11/20
・国家環境政策法 - ATOMICA https://atomica.jaea.go.jp/dic/detail/dic_detail_2241.html 2023/11/20

・マダガスカル・アンカラファンツィカ国立公園における 保全政策と地域住民の生業活動
https://jisedai.asafas.kyoto-u.ac.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2018Report-Yamada-J.pd
f 2023/11/20
・WWF https://wwf.panda.org/?referer=wwfja 2023/11/20
・International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Ministry ofForeign Affairs of Japan
https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/environment/convention/iucn.html 2023/11/20
・環境白書・循環型社会白書・生物多様性白書 第３章（環境省）
https://www.env.go.jp/policy/hakusyo/zu/h22/html/hj10010301.html 2023/11/20

To Make Slums Sustainable Cities~Crime prevention in slums~
5306 Oizumi Rihito
Abstract
My research is on improving the living conditions of slums around the world. In my researchon developing countries, I learned that low-income people are forming slums, and I learned
that the slum population in the world is currently growing rapidly. To solve this problem, I
think it is difficult for 900 million slum residents to move to different areas, so I set myresearch goal to improve the quality of life in slums. I focused on the high crime rate inslums. There is a high incidence of robbery and murder. I found that such crimes occur not
only between residents within a slum, but also by people from outside the slum. In addition,such crimes are usually committed only at night. In order to break out of this situation, I
thought it was important to keep outsiders out of the slum and ensure safety at night.
As a solution to (1), I would like to propose a system of gatekeeping by male slum residents.
Most of male residents have no job, so I think it will be their source of income.
As a solution to (2), I would like to propose that the entire city should be lit up at night. I
found that many people in India and Africa, where slums are developing, do not have accessto electricity. The darkness of the city is related to crime. I would like to propose that they
actively cooperate in the experimentation of the power generation method under study. They
can get cheaper electricity.
I think it will connect the safety of slums.

1.Introduction
When I did some research about developing countries, I learned that low-income people areforming slums because of economic disparity. Also I learned that the slum population in theworld is currently growing rapidly. To solve these problems, I set my research goal to
improve the quality of life in slums.
My research question is “how to improve slums’ living environment”.
I would like to make a city where 900 million people can live safely.
I used the Internet to learn about past policies. I also read some books to learn about slums.
2.Discussion and implications
To make slums safer, I focused on the high crime rate in each area.

http://honkawa2.sakura.ne.jp/1015.html
This figure shows the population of slums in 2003. We can find that there are many slums inSouth Asia, Sub Saharan, and Latin American.
There is a high incidence of robbery and murder in all of those areas. I found that suchcrimes occur not only between residents within a slum, but also by people from outside theslum. In addition, such crimes are usually committed only at night.
In order to break out of this situation, I thought it was important to (1) keep outsiders out of
the slum and (2) ensure safety at night.
As a solution to (1), I would like to propose a system of gatekeeping by male slum residents.
By doing so, they can not only prevent outsiders from entering slums but also provide thesource of income for them. According to my survey, only female and children residents haveto work and most of male residents have no job, so I think making male income stable is themost effective way to improve their poverty.
As a solution to (2), I would like to propose that the entire city should be lit up at night.
Following figure shows the percentage of people who live in areas without electricity.

I found that many people in India and Africa, where slums are developing, do not have accessto electricity. The darkness of the city is related to crime. I would like to propose that they
actively cooperate in the experimentation of the power generation method under study. For
example, there is a soccer stadium with 200 power generation panels buried under the groundin a favela, Brazilian slum. By running in the stadium, they can get enough electricity to live.
People in slums get cheaper electricity and researchers can conduct cheaper experiments. I
think this suggestion would benefit both of them.
3.Concludion
I would like to propose a system of gatekeeping by male slum residents and illuminating theentire city. I think both of them will be a factor to make a city where 900 million people canlive safely.
In the future, I will consider wild dogs in slums. They are more dangerous than people
because they have some virus. By solving this problem, quality of life in slums will be more
comfortable.
4.References「SDGsの目標から考えるスラム街の現状と住み続けられるまちづくり」<https://www.apiste.co.jp/column/detail/id=4594>（24/4/2023）「『緑のスラム街 』持続可能な生活目指す町づくりに住民奮闘 ブラジル」<https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/3273793>（24/4/2023）「DEVIANT PLACES: A THEORY OF THE ECOLOGY OF CRIME RODNEY STARK」

<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1987.tb00824.x> (24/4/2023)「丸山ゴンザレス"スラムが実は安全な理由"」<https://president.jp/articles/-/28927?page=1> (2/6/2023)「スラムとは？現状や対策、SDGsの達成目標まで紹介」<https://spaceshipearth.jp/slum/> (2/6/2023)「殺人や強盗は日常の風景…フィリピンのスラム街に行ってみた」<https://dailynewsonline.jp/article/910175/> (13/7/2023)「図録▽世界のスラム人口」
http://honkawa2.sakura.ne.jp/1015.html (20/7/2023)「フィリピンの貧困層。どんな仕事でいくら稼いでる?」<https://gloleacebu.com/ocupation_income/> (20/7/2023)「外務省海外安全ホームページ ベネズエラの危険情報」(2/9/2023)<https://www.anzen.mofa.go.jp/info/pchazardspecificinfo_2021T063.html#ad-image-0>「外務省海外安全情報 南アフリカ共和国」<http://www.anzen.mofa.go.jp/m/mbcrimesituation_122.html> (16/9/2023)「10月21日は『あかりの日』。電気への感謝とともに考える世界の明かり事情」<https://emira-t.jp/topics/12356/> (16/9/2023)「『無邪気に走って、無意識に発電』。
“ヒト発電”を可能にしたサッカースタジアムがブラジルのスラムを救う」<https://neutmagazine.com/people-powered-football-pitch> (16/9/2023)「スラム街で一番怖い存在は｢犬｣という衝撃事実」<https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/392137> (30/9/2023)「世界的拡がりを見せる反政府デモ。
地方を見限る政治で都市に移住せざるを得なくなった人たちへの冷遇が原因か」<https://bigissue-online.jp/archives/1076801516.html> (30/9/2023)

Cats Bring People Health
Reducing stress by purr
5307 Kakubashi Shiho
Abstract
Recently, it became clear the risk of death by myocardial infarction decreased by having acat. I was interested in it and I studied this. Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causesof death in the world ,so the aim of study is to decrease the number of people who havemyocardial infarction. The main research methods were gathering information on the Internet
and searching for articles. The study question is “Why do cats decrease the risk of death by
myocardial infarction?” and I constructed a hypothesis that it is related to purring. The
answer was that we don’t know if purring is related to it. The cause of getting myocardial
infarction is arteriosclerosis. The causes of this are smoking, aging, lifestyled-related disease
and stress. I think having a cat is related to the reduction of stress, so cats have something to
make people relax. According to papers, it became clear that after adjustment for differencesin age, gender, ethnicity/race, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus,
serum cholesterol, and body mass index, a significantly lower relative risks for death due tomyocardial infarction was observed in participants with past cat ownership compared withthose without cats as pet at any time.Therefore, acquisition of cats as domestic pets may
represent a novel strategy for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in high-risk
individuals, but we do not know why cats reduce the risk of death by myocardial infarction,
so I would like to continue to study it.
1.Introduction○Backgrounds
Many people have heard that cats make people relax. It is true, but in addition, it became
clear that they reduce the risk of death by myocardial infarction. The studies revealed that therisk of death from myocardial infarction is about 37% lower for those who have owned a cat
in the past compared to those who have never owned one. I was interested in this fact and I
studied it. Actually, myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death in the world,
so I thought that I would be able to save many people through studying it. The researchquestion is “ Why do cats decrease the risk of death by myocardial infarction?” and I set up ahypothesis that it is related to cats’ purring because studies have revealed that purring reduces
stress and one of the causes of getting myocardial infarction is stress. Then I focused onthem. The purpose of it is to decrease people who get myocardial infarction by spending timewith cats.
○Methods
I did a text search and information gathering by using the Internet. The main keywords for asearch were cats, purring and myocardial infarction. I searched about myocardial infarction
and purring by using the Internet and searched for a decline in the risk of death frommyocardial infarction by having a cat. I also compared it with dogs.

The research question was "Why do cats reduce the risk of getting myocardial infarction?” I
hypothesized in answer to the research question that the purring sound of cats has a relaxing
effect on humans so it reduces stress, which is a cause of atherosclerosis, and would lower therisk of developing the disease.
This study does not take into account people with cat allergies who are unable to touch cats.
2.Discussion and implicationsFirst, I looked into cat purring sounds. A review of research papers on purring sounds
revealed that they have a relaxing effect on humans. (See figure below.)（店舗用 BGM に最適な新規リラクゼーション音源の探索 －猫のゴロゴロ音についての初期検討）This experiment compared the resting heart rate, the heart rate during the stress task (a task
in which participants had to add single-digit numbers that were continuously presented
aurally through headphones), and the heart rate after the stress task with that of a control
group (people who did not hear the purring sound). The heart rate after the completion of thetask did not differ much from that of the control group, but the heart rate during the task wassignificantly different between the purring group and the control group. It was also noted that
there was no correlation between preference for cats and changes in heart rate, indicating thatthe purring sound has a relaxing effect on all people.
I looked up other papers describing the risk of developing myocardial infarction in cats andhumans. As mentioned earlier, it did not matter whether one liked or disliked cats, it is said
that just being in contact with cats reduced the risk of developing myocardial infarction. It
also said that the effect was stronger if the cat was owned at a young age. The difference ineffect depends on gender, but it was found that the effect was stronger for women than forcats. Dogs also lower the risk of developing heart disease, and it is believed that this is due tothe increased oxytocin and decreased stress hormones that result from the increased amountof exercise and walking with dogs. With cats, the evidence is less clear because of thecomplex interplay between actual breeding and sex. I believe that oxytocin is also increased
by contact with cats, so I think there is another cause.
One of the benefits of owning a cat is an increase in happiness and a decrease in the risk ofdeveloping heart disease. I believe that the increase in happiness is the same for other pets,
and the increase in happiness may lead to a reduction in stress. However, I don’t think that
only this will lead to a reduction in the risk of developing myocardial infarction. In addition,
dogs and cats are the only animals known to reduce the risk of developing myocardial
infarction at this , but they are also the only animals that have been studied. If other animals
also reduce the risk of developing the disease, it could be because of an increase inwell-being.
Regarding myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, including myocardial infarction,
was the leading cause of death worldwide in 2019, accounting for 16% of all deaths The
number of deaths has increased by more than 2 million since 2000 to about 8.9 million in
2019. It can be divided into two major categories: angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.
Angina pectoris causes a temporary blockage of part of the coronary artery, whichsignificantly reduces the heart pump function, but then the blood flow improves again and theheart is not damaged. It is also possible to control the symptoms to some extent withmedication. However, angina pectoris is defined as the preliminary stage of myocardial
infarction and is a dangerous condition. Myocardial infarction is a condition in which theblood supply remains clogged and does not recover, leaving the pumping function stopped
and part of the heart muscle in a necrotic state. Myocardial infarction is a highly fatal disease,causing many deaths and is a leading cause of sudden death.

https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-leading-causes-of-death#:~:text=Ischaemic%20heart%20disease%20was%20the,over%20the%20las

t%20two%20decades
3.Conclusion
I setted a question "Why do cats reduce the risk of getting myocardial infarction?” I
hypothesized that the purring sound of cats has a relaxing effect on humans , so it reduces
stress, which is a cause of atherosclerosis, and would lower the risk of developing the disease.
However, I couldn’t get a clear conclusion through my study. The preceding study showedthat purring makes people relax , so I think it has a relation with reducing the risk of it. We
do not know whether just looking at a cat is effective, touching it is effective, or it is only
effective if we have it, so clarifying this would be helpful to society like treatments.
These are some issues that need to be solved in the future.
[1]It is impossible to conduct experiments on cats because they would be large scale
experiments.
[2]It is not clear why cats reduce the risk of myocardial infarction in humans.
[3]It is not known whether animals other than cats and dogs also reduce the risk of
myocardial infarction.
I would like to conduct research focusing on these issues. Also, I would like to study aboutother animals for the purpose of reducing people who get myocardial infarction.
4.References
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/div-classtitlecuriosity-killed-the-cat-no-evidence-of-an-association-between-cat-ownership-and-psychotic-symptoms-at-ages13-and-18-years-in-a-uk-general-population-cohortdiv/75C9A48B669BE36E947AFB0BC5CB00CA（Curiosity killed the cat: no evidence of an association between cat ownership and psychotic
symptoms at ages 13 and 18 years in a UK general population cohort）

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317329/（Cat ownership and the Risk of Fatal Cardiovascular Diseases. Results from the Second National
Health and Nutrition Examination Study Mortality Follow-up Study.）

https://www.elle.com/jp/decor/decor-interior-design/a30619787/cat-lady-good-for-you-19-0617-r/（猫と暮らすと、健康になれるかも！？）https://enoki-iin.com/contents/news/20180813_01.html（高齢で高血圧の人がペットを飼うことは！？）https://gooday.nikkei.co.jp/atcl/column/15/050800004/021500079/（犬を飼う人の死亡リスクは低い、特に1人暮らしの中高年で顕著）
https://aasj.jp/news/lifescience-easily/11505（犬を飼っている方が心筋梗塞からの回復が良いことがほぼ証明された（2019.10.10））
https://www.env.go.jp/nature/dobutsu/aigo/2_data/statistics/dog-cat.html（環境省 統計資料 「犬・猫の引取り及び負傷動物等の収容並びに処分の状況」）

https://www.who.int/news/item/09-12-2020-who-reveals-leading-causes-of-death-and-disability-w
orldwide-2000-2019（WHO reveals leading causes of death and disability worldwide: 2000-2019）
店舗用 BGM に最適な新規リラクゼーション音源の探索 －猫のゴロゴロ音についての初期検討

Economic Gap-Saving the world with goods donation5308 Kageyama Ai
Abstract
There is a big economic gap between different countries. In developed countries, there area lot of food and clothes. And almost all people can get an education, eat enough food, andlive comfortably. On the other hand, in developing countries, there are many people who
can’t eat enough, study in school, and get electricity. This economic gap is one of the biggest
social problems which we must pay attention to and solve. To close this economic gap, I
focused on donations, especially goods donation as the solution. I’d like to suggest collecting
stuff to be donated to the school and send them together to a donation company. For thissolution, students in developed countries can learn about developing countries. Then, it
connects us to know each other. To save the world and aim for global peace, we must takeaction.
1 Introduction
There are some countries called LDC (Least Developed Country) in the world. LDC isparticularly underdeveloped countries recognized by a resolution of the United Nations
General Assembly after deliberation by the United Nations Economic and Social Council,
based on criteria identified by the Committee for Development Policy. And countries thatmeet the following three criteria are recognized as LDC.
1) GNI per capita (3-year average) less than US$1,018.
2) The Human Assets Index (HAI), an indicator of human resource development decided by
the Committee for Development Policy (CDP) that indexes the percentage of undernourishedpopulation, under-five infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, secondary education
enrollment rate, and adult literacy rate is below a certain value.
3) Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI), an index established by CDP to describe economic
vulnerability from external shocks, population size, geographic factors, economic structure,environment, trade shocks, and natural disaster shocks, is below a certain value.
46 countries are recognized as LDC now (2023/04/21), but is it happy with the current
state? I think all people on the earth should be equal. Shouldn’t we help the poor in thesecountries? I focused on “closing the gap” in this study because of this fact.
2 Discussion and implications
There is a big economic gap between different countries. First, look at figure 1. It shows
the poor (people who spend less than $1.9 per day) population and the percentage change. As
you can see, the number of the poor decreased around the world, but it increased much insome areas especially Sub-Saharan. It may be caused by the growing population, however, I
think we shouldn’t ignore the problem. Then, figure 2 is a graphical representation of figure
1. It shows the gap between Sub-Saharan Africa and other countries obviously. Second, lookat figure 3. It shows the distribution of developing countries. From this map, you can readthat the most Developing countries are distributed in Sub-Saharan. From these data, there is a
big economic gap between different countries.
To deal with this problem, I want to progress the donating activity. Then, there are two
types of donation, donation of goods and donation of money. First, donation of money isversatile. After being donated, they are able to be used for buying stationary, vaccines, andbuilding the school. However, there must be a financial burden for people who donate.
Considering this aspect, it is a little difficult for people to donate because almost everyone,
especially students, want to use money for their own benefit. Moreover, usage is vague. They
may be used for someone’s own benefit so it is a little dangerous. Second, goods donation is
comfortable because almost all donation organizations take pictures of donated things andgive them to us. It is safe and makes us happy as well. Additionally, goods donation connects
to reducing garbage. We can donate not only new toys, stationary, and clothes, but also
already used many other things. Of course there are some things limited to donate, but almost
all things around us such as some instruments are allowed. However, this type of donation is
inflexible compared to donation of money. Receiving people must use stuff as they are. Even
if we send what they don’t need, we have nothing to do. So it’s necessary to contact thereceiving people. Besides, we actually have to pay money when we donate because weshould ship baggage to donation organizations and there is postage when they ship abroad.
Figure 5 is one of the examples of the list of charges. Seeing this chart, you may think that it
is expensive. It is a problem of donation of goods.

FIG. 1 Number and share of population living on less than $1.90 a day (2011 purchasing
power parity or PPP) (%), 1990 and 2013

FIG. 2 People living on less than $1.90 a day (2011 PPP), 1990 and 2013

FIG. 3 Developed Countries (2021)

FIG. 4 Average annual philanthropic donation in 2012 US Dollars per person in nineteen
countries

FIG. 5 Donations required per box
size(total of length +width + height)~140cm~160cmnot limited

weight

~30kg

~30kg

~30kg

donation

¥2900

¥3700

¥2900

postage¥0¥0

self-pay based on size

3 Conclusion
To solve the problem mentioned in Discussion and implications, I want to suggest the
donation activity, “Goods’ Journey Project”. It is collecting goods to be donated in the schooland sending them together to a donation organization. By doing that, we can separate thepostage so we can donate without worrying about money. In addition, it can be expected toraise education about donations for children. Focusing on the total individual donations aspercentage of GDP, Japan lags behind developed countries such as the U.S. and the U.K. So
this activity is effective to think about the world and it is worth enough education. Besides, itbecomes easier to donate because there is a group psychology. I guess there are a lot of
people who think that “If my friends donate, I will donate together.” So this project will
increase the amount of donations.
4 References
不用品の寄付で社会貢献？役立つサイト・注意点まとめ
https://www.takakuureru.com/magazine/406〈2022/3/14〉
4.質の高い教育をみんなに | SDGsクラブ - 日本ユニセフ
https://www.unicef.or.jp/kodomo/sdgs/17goals/4-education/〈2022/4/25〉
A World Ready to Learn: Prioritizing quality early childhood education
https://data.unicef.org/resources/a-world-ready-to-learn-report/〈2022/4/25〉
JOICFP
https://www.joicfp.or.jp/jpn/donate/support/school_things/〈2022/5/5〉
要らなくなった物の寄付は途上国や被災地で本当に役立つ？寄付する前に知っておきたい注意点
https://kifunavi.jp/howto/developping-donate/〈2022/5/5〉
MOTTAINAIJAPANhttps://mottainai-japan.com/〈2022/5/5〉
国際子供友好協会
http://npo-icfa.org/〈2022/5/5〉
STUDY FOR TWO
https://studyfortwo.org/〈2022/5/5〉
e-Education
https://eedu.jp/index.html〈2022/5/11〉
公益財団法人 日本ユニセフ協会
https://www.unicef.or.jp/〈2022/5/11〉
認定NPO法人 W21 ジャパン
http://www.we21japan.org/donation/goods.html〈2022/5/11〉
NPO法人ワールドギフト。
https://world--gift.com/buppin.html〈2022/5/13〉

寄付教育体験学習プログラム「寄付の教室」～認定NPO法人ACE（エース）の場合
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iv9KJque960〈2022/6/1〉
ぬいぐるみ 寄付 エコトレーディング
https://eco-friendly.site/ 〈2022/6/20〉
モノドネ
https://monodone.com/article/11〈2022/8/31〉
不用品を寄付するメリット！寄付できるものや信頼できる団体を調査
https://uridoki.net/others/kiji_203677/〈2022/8/31〉【8割以上が不用品をごみとして捨てている！？】不用品の寄付で海外の子どもたちのワク
チンに…！
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000012.000047059.html〈2022/9/5〉
EARTH and CHILDREN 〜地球と子供のために〜
https://www.earth-and-children.net/〈2022/11/2〉
NPO法人ワールドギフト★再利用・寄付活動 (twitterアカウント)https://twitter.com/worldgift_〈2022/11/30〉
不用品を寄付する方法と団体を紹介！送料無料の業者はある？
https://uruka.me/column/kaisyu/huyohin/donation/〈2022/11/30〉
NPO法人オックスファム・ジャパン - JAMMIN
https://jammin.co.jp/charity_list/140818oxfam/〈2022/11/30〉
不用品を寄付してSDGsに貢献 中央大学が「キフカツ」開始
https://univ-journal.jp/101851/〈2022/12/5〉
不用品を寄付するメリット！寄付できるものや信頼できる団体を調査
https://uridoki.net/others/kiji_203677/〈2022/12/7〉
1.貧困をなくそう | SDGsクラブ - 日本ユニセフ協会
https://www.unicef.or.jp/kodomo/sdgs/17goals/1-poverty/〈2022/12/12〉
開発途上国への寄付の種類は？世界の子どもたちを救う効果的な寄付の仕方を知ろう
https://www.worldvision.jp/children/poverty_20.html#d0e9d87eb78fa54e47cd213ca7606442〈12/16〉
後発開発途上国（LDC：Least Developed Country）｜外務省

https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/ohrlls/ldc_teigi.html〈2022/12/16〉
アジアリサイクル貢献活動
https://kifu-sapo.jp/〈2022/12/19〉【世界の貧困】3つの原因と解決のヒント
https://gloleacebu.com/poverty_world/〈2022/12/19〉
ご寄付で受付できない物につきまして - エコトレーディング
https://eco-friendly.site/post/41291〈2023/1/11〉
多い？ 少ない？ 日本の寄付額
https://www.es-inc.jp/graphs/2022/grh_id011884.html〈2023/2/2〉
バングラデシュのLDCからの卒業について
https://www.bd.emb-japan.go.jp/files/000355547.pdf〈2023/11/13〉
No poverty
https://datatopics.worldbank.org/sdgatlas/archive/2017/SDG-01-no-poverty.html〈2024/2/6〉
Developed Countries, 2021. - Maps on the Web
https://mapsontheweb.zoom-maps.com/post/656688332736167936/developed-countries-2021〈2024/2/6〉
Average annual philanthropic donation in 2012 US Dollars per person in... | Download
Scientific Diagram
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Average-annual-philanthropic-donation-in-2012-US-Dollars-per-person-in-nineteen-countries_fig1_349158352〈2024/2/6〉

To create true Gender Equal Society
Men's participation in Housework and Childcare
ID5309 Kashiwagi Sota
Abstract
Recently, many countries are trying to remove gender discrimination in order to createa gender equal society. However, few countries achieve gender equality in terms ofhousework and childcare. Basically, women seem to do most of the housework and childcare.
The goal of this study is making society equal in terms of not only work but also houseworkand childcare, then to create a true gender equal society. According to the survey, I foundthat many men think that men must not leave housework and childcare to women, and both
men and women should do those things. From this, I think that men have the will to dohousework and childcare, but actually they cannot. They seem not to have enough knowledge
and skills of housework and childcare. I suggest two things to improve their skills. First is toimprove home economics classes at school, second is to reduce the cost of college students’solitary life. Main future issue is sharing my suggestion in the world, especially countries
lagging behind in gender equality like Italy and Korea.

１．Introduction
Now, we are in an era of gender equality. Women are actively participating in society.
However, I think that this is only in terms of work. Gender equality in the areas of daily life,
such as housework and childcare, has not been realized. If the amount of time spent on work
increases and the amount of time spent on housework and childcare does not decrease, theburden on women will increase. I started my study to create a true gender equal society.
This study has two objectives.
①to create opportunities for men to improve their housework and childcare skills②to enable men to adjust their work hours so that they can have more time for houseworkand childcare
The goal is to accomplish both of these things and to create a true gender equal society.

〈how to study〉
Using the internet, I examine the following things.
・comparison of living time of men and women・men's attitudes toward gender equality
・current status of sharing housework and childcare
・about housework・the purposes and current status of home economics classes at Japanese schools
・current status of college students’ solitary life.

Then, using these data, I analyze the current status of gender equality in terms of houseworkand childcare, and think about concrete solutions.

２．Discussion and implications① comparison of living time of men and women
Reference：International comparative data on living time which OECD made in 2020.(target･･･men and women between the ages of 15
and 64 in OECDcountries)
ⅰ working hours per day
1st：Japanese men ･･･452 minutes
2nd：Korean men ･･･419 minutes
3rd：Canadian men ･･･341 minutes
Japanese women･･･272 minutes
Average(men)･･･317 minutes
Average(women)･･･218 minutes

ⅱ unpaid working hours per day(ex.housework and childcare)(long→short)
1st：Italian women･･･306 minutes
2nd：Spanish women･･･289 minutes
3rd：New Zealand women･･･264 minutes(short→long)
1st：Japanese men･･･41 minutes
2nd：Korean men･･･49 minutes
3rd：Italian men･･･131 minutes
Average(men)･･･136 minutes
Average(women)･･･262 minutes〈What I can consider from the above〉
・Men’s working hours are so long, especially in Japan and Korea.
・In countries where men spend less time on housework and childcare, such as Japan, Korea,
and Italy, women spend much more time on these activities.

② Survey on men's attitudes toward gender equality and current status of sharing houseworkand childcare
Reference：「Survey of Attitudes and Facts about Genderless and Diversity」(from Cross
Marketing)ⅰ Attitudes about genderless and diversity
About 80% of people think thatboth women and men should dohousework and childcare.

ⅱ Housework people want to
ask to their partner
men：cooking
women：garbage disposal③ Solution
According to these things, I think we have two things to create a true gender equal society.
・to reduce men’s working hour and enable men to spend more time on housework andchildcare・to improve men’s skill of housework and childcare
In this study, I would like to think about the second one.
□ data of housework that people find most difficult (from kuhura)According to these two graphs, both men and women think cooking is the hardest housework.
However, many men think that they want their wife to cook. It is not equal that only women
do the hardest housework.
Therefore, I want to think about a solution focusing on cooking.

Improvement of home economics classes at elementary, junior high and high school.
I think that it is too difficult for adults to learn and get the skill of housework and childcare,because they are so busy. So, I want students to do that.
By the way, these are the purposes of home economics classes at Japanese schools.(excerpts)(elementary school)
To develop a basic understanding of family, food, clothing, shelter, consumption, and theenvironment, and to acquire necessary skills for daily life.
(junior high school)
To develop a basic understanding of family, food, clothing, shelter, consumption, and theenvironment, and to acquire necessary skills for living independently.
(high school)
To develop a basic understanding of family, food, clothing, shelter, consumption, and theenvironment, and to acquire necessary skills to live proactively.

All three goals are to acquire the skill of housework.
However, the Journal of the Japanese society of home economics education says two things.
・Cooking practice at school is not enough for students to get knowledge and skills of cooking
necessary for daily life.
・Students’ knowledge and skills are declining.
However, I think it is difficult to increase the number of cooking practices at school becauseof the cost and balance with other subjects. Therefore, I want to make cooking practices more
effective for students.
〈My solution〉
Cooking with Game
I suggest that students study cooking with games, using a computer which each student has.
– My style –① to learn about cooking knowledge like ingredients, quantity, or process, with a textbook② to learn the cooking process in detail and realistically through games③ to do the actual cooking practiceIn this way, I think that cooking practice becomes more effective for students to learn
cooking.
For example, I suggest “Cooking Mom”.
This game tells us the cooking process in detailand realistically. We feel as if we actuallycooked. I think that this is a good tool to study
cooking.

college students’ solitary life
Commonly, solitary life is an effective way to get life skills. I want to enable everyone to dosolitary life.
Now, in Japan, the average cost of solitary life excluding housing costs is 132,813 yen.
I want to reduce this cost.

３．Conclusion
Creating a true gender equal society needs to make women and men equal in terms ofhousework and childcare as well as working. Actually, in most countries, women spend much
more time on housework and childcare. A lot of men depend on women in terms ofhousework and childcare. On the other hand, many men think that both men and womenshould do housework. To encourage men to do housework, it is necessary to improve men’s
skills and produce time which men spend on these things. So, I suggest that students acquire
the skill through games using a computer in home economics classes. And I want to reducethe cost of college students’ solitary life.
〈future issue〉①to think about the concrete way to support solitary life
②to reduce the time which men spend working③to share these suggestions with the world, especially countries lagging behind in genderequality like Italy and Korea.

４．References「きずなネット読み物Web お金を理由に大学進学を断念する人が7割以上って本当？」
https://coelog.chuden.jp/child-rearing/university-going-on-no-money/ 2022/10/19

「不動産サイト アットホーム 大学生が一人暮らしをする割合は実家暮らしとどちらが多い？」
https://www.athome.co.jp/contents/students/livingexpenses/percentage/#:~:text=%E5%85%8
8%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A9%E8%A8%98%E8%BC%89%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%80%8C%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%86,%E3%81%8C%E9%A
B%98%E3%81%84%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8B%
E3%82%8A 2022/10/19「マイナビニュース 家事分担若いほど意識高い傾向、でも分担の割合は男女でギャップあり」
https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20210618-1906353/#:~:text=%E6%97%A2%E5%A9%9A%E
8%80%85%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%8B%E5%88%86%E6%8B%85%E5%89%B2%E5%90%88%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF%
E3%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%95%8F%E3%82%8F,%E3%81%84%E3%8
2%8B%E6%A7%98%E5%AD%90%E3%81%8C%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B%E3%81%8C%E3%81%88%E3%81%9F%E3%80%82 2022/10/31「男女共同参画局 生活時間の国際比較」
https://www.gender.go.jp/about_danjo/whitepaper/r02/zentai/html/column/clm_01.html
2022/11/21「小学校学習指導要領」
https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2019/03/18/1387017_009.pdf 2022/12/01「中学校学習指導要領」
https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2019/03/18/1387018_009.pdf 2022/12/01「高等学校学習指導要領」
https://www.mext.go.jp/content/1407073_10_1_2.pdf 2022/12/01「高等学校における調理実習の現状t大学および専門学生の調理の知識と技術の習得状
況」
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjahee/57/2/57_KJ00009596796/_pdf 2022/12/08「kajily 家事の大変さをわかってもらおう！大変な家事ランキング」
https://www.happy-bears.com/kajily/nayami/3418/ 2022/12/08「WOMAN PEWSIDENT 日本政府は女性の社会進出より先に男性の家庭進出を勧めたほうがいい納得の理由」
https://president.jp/articles/-/46355?page=2 2022/12/08

How Do We Run the Sleeper Train Around the World?
～Reduce CO2 by rail～
5310 Kamegaya Kosaku
Abstract
I like to travel by train and go somewhere every time when I have a long vacation. I often
use a sleeper train. As I used sleeper trains many times, I became fascinated by their charms
and began researching them. I hope to encourage more people to take them, which are indanger of extinction in Japan. As I continued my research, I found that sleeper trains werebeing revived one after another in Europe, particularly in France. I researched the reason, andfound that countries such as France are taking the lead in promoting this trend because thecarbon dioxide emissions of trains are lower than those of other forms of public
transportation such as airplanes. Therefore, we thought that we could further promote therevival of this sleeper train boom by operating a train in Europe that incorporates Japanesesleeper train technology. We conducted a survey of sleeper trains in both countries, and cameup with a proposal for a sleeper train that takes advantage of the strengths of both.
Background
There were many sleeper trains in operation 10 years ago, such as the "Hokutosei" between
Ueno and Sapporo, the "Akebono'' between Ueno and Aomori, and the "Express Kitaguni"
between Osaka and Niigata, the current sleeper train service is in danger of extinction due tothe development of overnight bus routes and the LCCs in Japan. However, the only regularlyscheduled train in service today is the "Sunrise Izumo/Seto," which runs between Tokyo andIzumo-shi/Takamatsu. Extra expensive trains "Cassiopeia" and "Transit Shikishima," and thetrains are changing from being a means of transportation to a way of enjoying the ride. In
addition, the Sunrise Izumo/Seto trains offer guest rooms, beds, yukata (Japanese bathrobes),
and shower rooms as services, while the aforementioned extra sleeper trains can be said tooffer not only guest rooms, but also dining cars, amenity services, and other services. Is theculture of casual sleeper trains such as the Sunrise seen in other countries as well? A quick
search reveals that there are many night trains such as the "EuroNight'' connecting European
countries, the "City Night Line" connecting Germany and Germany with neighboring
countries, the "Orient Express", the "Terror" connecting France and Italy, and the "Russia", asuper long-distance train from Moscow to Vladivostok on the Trans-Siberian Railway thatruns 9,297 km in Russia. The "Russia," a long-distance train, and others are still in operation
around the world. Can we spread the technology of casual sleeper trains, which has fadedaway in Japan, to other countries around the world?

Purpose and significanceAs we continued to gather information, we learned that in Europe, sleeper trains are being
revived one after another, especially in France. Therefore, the research question for this studywas "What is the image of sleeper trains required in Europe?" The goal of this study was topropose a sleeper train that would promote the development of sleeper trains in Europe. I
researched why sleeper trains are being revived one after another in Europe, and found thatcountries such as France are taking the lead in promoting this trend because the carbon
footprint of trains is lower than that of other forms of public transportation such as airplanes.
According to data from the "Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism", percapita carbon dioxide emissions from railroads are 1/4 of those airplanes, indicating that there
is a large difference in carbon dioxide emissions between railroads and airplanes. (Figure 1)
However, the problem now is price competition with low-cost airlines. European countries
often use airplanes when traveling between countries because of the long distances involved.
The advantage of LCCs is the ease of obtaining tickets and discounts. When we looked into
the train fare system, we found that express and sleeping car tickets are charged in addition to
the train ticket. Since many tickets are required to board a train, it is difficult to offer
discounts only for those trains, and price competition is weak. Therefore, I thought it wasnecessary to change the service to one that could be operated at a lower price point in order topopularize the sleeper train service. In fact, in Japan, sleeping car trains have been devised toprovide seats that can be taken for a reserved seat fee only, and discounts have been offered
to compete with night buses and LCCs. Couldn't such innovations be applied toEuropean railroad companies?
(Figure 1) Carbon dioxide emissions in the transportation sector - Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

https://www.mlit.go.jp/sogoseisaku/environment/content/001489542.jpg

Methodology
Since the goal of the study was to promote the development of European sleeper trains. I
thought it necessary to first learn about the characteristics of sleeper trains in both Japan andEurope. Also, since the goal of this research is to propose a sleeper train, we thought it wasnecessary to conduct a survey. The method of this research was to collect information on
sleeper trains operated in various countries around the world, to investigate regions androutes where sleeper trains can be operated, and to collect information on the characteristicsof the train car systems and structures of sleeper trains in various countries around the world.
Results and discussion
As a result of the research, it was found that there is a demand for casual sleeper trains in
Europe, as an alternative to other modes of transportation. In order to create a casual sleeper
train, a sleeper train that is inexpensive and easy to use, we believe it is important to develop
a fare system and interior design. To this end, we first examined the interiors of sleeper trains
in Japan. As an example, we cite the "Sunrise Izumo-Seto" (Figure 2),the only sleeper train
still in regular operation, which runs from Tokyo to Takamatsu and Izumo City via Osaka,
Himeji, and Okayama. The Sunrise Seto/Izumo has 14 cars, and Novinobi seats (28 seats),
single private rooms (80 rooms) (Figure 3), solo private rooms (20 rooms), single twin
private rooms (8 rooms), sunrise twin private rooms (4 rooms), and single deluxe privaterooms (6 rooms) are available. The "Nobi-Nobi" seats allow passengers to board a sleeper
train with only a train ticket and an express ticket, whereas originally a sleeper ticket was
required in addition to a train ticket and an express ticket. Single private rooms and solo
private rooms are structured for comfort and can be used by one person. Single twin privaterooms and sunrise twin private rooms are intended for use by two or more people and aredesigned with leisure demand, such as families in mind. Single-twin private rooms emphasize
luxury and compete with other accommodations such as hotels. In other words, it was
concluded that the Sunrise Izumo/Seto and other sleeper trains in Japan are designed to meetthe demand for single passengers as a means of transportation, the demand for leisure travel
by families, and the demand for hotel-like services as a means of transportation.
Next, we examined the interiors of European sleeper trains as a comparison. European
sleeper trains are divided into three seating categories: Schlafwagen, Liegewagen, andSitzwagen. A welcome drink and breakfast are provided, and the fare for single occupancy is139.90 euros (19,166 JPY). The Liegewagen is a sleeping compartment with a shower roomand toilet in the car. Mineral water and a light breakfast are provided, and the price for three
adults is 199 euros (27,263 JPY). The Sitzwagen is a seat-only compartment with a shower
stall and toilet in the car. The fare for three adults is 99 euros (13,563 JPY).
Therefore, we believe that combining the strengths of Japanese sleeper trains with those ofEuropean sleeper trains will promote the further development of sleeper trains in Europe.

(Figure 2) Sunrise Izumo / Seto

(Figure 3) Single Private RoomConclusions
In conclusion, the answer to the research question is that the sleeping car trains required inEurope are casual sleeping cars that provide an alternative to other forms of public
transportation such as airplanes and buses. Based on the above, we propose a sleeper train
that combines the strengths of Japanese sleeper trains, such as the demand for single
passengers as a means of transportation, the demand for leisure travel for families, and thedemand for hotel-like services, with the strengths of European sleeper trains, such as the useof compartments (small partitioned rooms), which make the trains overwhelmingly
inexpensive. Seats are mainly Nobi-Nobi seats or single private rooms as in the Sunrise
Izumo/Seto trains, taking advantage of Japanese culture. As a future challenge, we would liketo run sleeper trains in China and other Asian countries that are expected to undergo
economic development in the future, as well as in Africa.
References and Bibliography[Index Navi] List of years when night trains were discontinued or reduced (23/04/17)
https://nihonkai.exp.jp/hm/index/yako-end.html
Sunrise Seto/Izumo - JR Odekake Net (23/04/17)
https://www.jr-odekake.net/train/sunriseseto_izumo/
I want to ride it someday! The 7 most luxurious sleeper trains in the world (23/04/17)
https://www.businessinsider.jp/post-34276
Carbon dioxide emissions in the transportation sector - Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (23/4/17)
https://www.mlit.go.jp/sogoseisaku/environment/sosei_environment_tk_000007.html
Sleeping car train Let's take a ride on the "Sunrise Izumo/Seto" sleeper express! Explanationof ticket types, how to ride, and sleeping car types. (23/07/09)
https://www.toretabi.jp/railway_info/entry-773.html
Merkmal: Why are European countries increasing the number of "night trains"? Why
European countries continue to increase the number of "night trains" (23/07/09)
https://merkmal-biz.jp/post/11122

Spreading of STEAM Education
Developing abilities to survive today
5311 Kisaragi Shinsei
Abstract
Technological innovation demands the ability to find and solve problems and to think.
STEAM Education is suggested to adapt to this situation. However, it has not spread now.
Therefore, the goal of this research is spreading STEAM Education to develop people who
can survive the world of globalization and informatization.
To make searching products easy and reduce educators’ burden, accumulating plans ofclasses, establishing a common market of STEAM products are effective. Supports fromSTEAM specialists or companies are also important.

1 Introduction
The National Science Foundation in America advocated “STEM Education” in the 1990s.
STEM Education is multidisciplinary and the name of “STEM” derives from the initials of
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.
These days, the world is undertechnological innovation. We are
required to have the ability to find andsolve problems and to think.
To adapt to this situation, Yakman
suggested “STEAM Education” in
2006. The chart on the right shows thedefinition of STEAM Education by
Yakman. This includes Art in addition
to STEM. STEAM Education willcontribute to cultivating the required
abilities and adapting to the new era,but it has not been known yet.
2 Discussion and implications◯Distribution of STEAM products and information
Various products and curriculums relating to STEAM Education have been developed
recently.
Okayama University has researched a practical example of a STEAM Education class. In theexperiment, students measure and analyze how tiny bubbles affect fish. The situation of thefishery relates to technology and engineering, and the phase of measuring and analyzing
relates to science and mathematics.
The examples of integration with arts include cutting out origami to make regular shapes andphysically examining spinning tops or stringed instruments.
Segarra(2018) states that the advantages of arts are clarifying scientific concepts and cultures,making science more comprehensive and accessible, and improving works that scientific andartistic parts enhance each other.
I hypothesized that it was difficult for us to search for products which fit our needs.
We can improve this situation in these two ways.
・simplifying searching forthem
I set the situation that I am
searching for STEAM
products to practice theexample of Okayama
University.
After searching in a few
languages, I could not find
STEAM products whichmatch the condition. The charton the right shows that
one-third of the STEM products do not include the name of it.
To establish an internet shop specialized in STEAM Education can put together markets andit will be a solution.
・utilizing properties
It is possible to practice STEAM classes even if products which are not for STEAM areused.
To include all of the areas of STEAM, the use of past cases is effective.
Past cases practiced as STEAM classes would help educators know requirements.
Thus, it is necessary to set up a system where educators can browse accumulated cases of
STEAM classes.
◯obstacles to implementation
STEAM Education requires educators to give lessons across the areas of STEAM, whereas
most educators cannot. It is difficult to implement STEAM Education, which educators need“activeness” and “knowledge of all areas”.
・eliminating the need of activeness
Qubena, an educational software, provides educators with materials to study about somethemes. The materials include past cases, worksheets and movies.
In this way, accumulated past cases can reduce burden in preparing for STEAM classes.
Categorizing and concretizing them are important to make searching them easy.

・eliminating the needs of knowledge of all areas
The graph on the right displays
the result of the survey of
American educators’ suggestions
about STEM programs. Many
educators need support from
STEM professionals or companies.
They reduce educators’ labor andpromote the implementation of
STEM or STEAM Education. The
form of STEAM Education in
China is similar to this. Over halfof STEAM programs are
conducted by research institutes
and companies. However, thisform causes the problem thatmethods of STEAM Education
are not shared well.
The graph on the right shows
American educators’ view about
what the most important elementin STEM Education is.
The top is “Teaching kids how
STEM is in our lives all aroundus”, followed by “Connecting
kids with STEM professionals” and “Mentoring & role models”.
“Let’s talk science”, a charitable institution in Canada, supports programs like these. It has a
lot of volunteers and is supported by the government and companies. Main activities areconnecting children and professionals, holding science contests, and so on.
3 Conclusion
As a solution to the problems mentioned above, I suggest establishing a STEAM Education
portal site. This includes accumulated STEAM class plans, a market of STEAM products andinformation about STEAM professionals or groups. These reduce educators’ labor andpromote the spread of STEAM Education. This site should be provided in many languages.
We still have room for considering the cross-national disparity in facilities.
4 References「STEAM教育等の教科等横断的な学習」 https://www.mext.go.jp/studxstyle/index3.html(2022/5)「What is STEM Education?」 https:/w.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=243502(2022/5)

「STEAM教育への取り組み」
https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20200917-mxt_kyoiku01-000009959_4.pdf (2022/5)「STEAM in education: a bibliometric analysis of performance and co-words in Web of
Science」
https://stemeducationjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40594-021-00296-x(2022/7)「An Application Theme Based STEAM Activity Programs and its Educational Effect」
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsser/29/1/29_No_1_140117/_pdf (2022/9)「Creating Successful Partnerships Between Schools and STEM Professionals」
https://www.aaas.org/programs/center-public-engagement-science-and-technology/reflections/creating-successful (2022/10)「Research and trends in STEM education: a systematic review of journal publications」
https://stemeducationjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40594-020-00207-6(2022/11)「【STEAM教育についてインタビュー】〜水産資源の持続可能性を探究するカリキュラム〜
株式会社COMPASS 未来教育部 部長 木川 俊哉 氏」
https://www.blog.studyvalley.jp/2021/06/14/%E3%80%90steam%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%93%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%80%91%E3%80%9C%E6%B0%
B4%E7%94%A3%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E3%81%AE%E6%8C%81/ (2022/12)「STEAM: Using the Arts to Train Well-Rounded and Creative Scientists」
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jmbe.v19i1.1360 (2022/12)「ティーチャーライブラリアン養成におけるルーブリックを活用した評価」
https://tane.info/knowledge-base/s8/ (2022/12)「INF506 – The Future of Teacher Librarians」
https://thinkspace.csu.edu.au/readminder/2020/05/15/inf506-the-future-of-teacher-librarians/(2023/1)「PISA 2018 Insights and Interpretations FINAL PDF」
https://www.oecd.org/pisa/PISA%202018%20Insights%20and%20Interpretations%20FINAL%20PDF.pdf (2023/1)「発展途上国の理数科教育開発に関する基礎的研究 －アジア諸国の理数科達成と学校のクオリティに関わる問題点を中心に－」
https://cice.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/publications/Journal3-1/3-1-5.pdf (2023/5)
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jssej/45/2/45_93/_pdf (2023/12/11)

Improve Soil Quality in Developing Countries
Soil improvement using microorganisms
5312

Kimura Misaki

Abstract
The research aimed to propose cost-effective soil improvement methods for developing
countries, with a focus on the "Miracle of the Cerrado" in Brazil. The Cerrado, originally
unsuitable for agriculture due to its acidic and dry latosol soil, transformed into a large farm
through heavy fertilizer use. However, the high cost of chemical fertilizers poses a challenge
for similar transformations in other areas. To address this, the study explores the potential ofusing microorganisms as a low-cost alternative.
Two main types of fertilizers, chemical and microbial, condition the soil differently. Chemicalfertilizers directly control soil pH, while microbial fertilizers aim to establish a nutrient cycle inthe soil by promoting microorganism activity. The absence of microorganisms in certain soil
types hinders the natural nutrient cycle.
Although comparisons between chemical and microbial fertilizers were inconclusive inexisting literature, the study plans to conduct experiments during the winter break. Many
individuals have reported success with homemade microbial fertilizers on personal blogs,
serving as references for the upcoming experiments.
In conclusion, the research identifies soil quality as a contributing factor to hunger issues indeveloping countries. However, the effectiveness of microbial fertilizers as a substitute forchemical fertilizers remains uncertain until the experiments are completed. Future research
will focus on conducting experiments to address research questions promptly and exploring
details such as latosol conditions and the impact of microbial materials on the soil throughadditional resources.

1 Introduction
According to the list of countries that Japan provides support to as ODA, there are morethan 140 developing countries now. Developing countries have lots of problems, forexample, lack of infrastructure in place and not having a satisfactory education. Hunger
problem caused by lack of food is so serious. Then I started to research and focus onagriculture to solve the hunger problem. As a result, it turns out that most developing
countries are located in areas of nutrient-poor soil. Developing countries have mainly clay,
latosol, and desert soil soils. I decided on latosol as the star of this study because there is aprecedent.(details will be described later)
Therefore, I began my study with the goal of improving Latosol soils in developing countries.
What is important here, however, is that my suggestions are realistic for developing
countries. I must research with it in mind.The goal of this study is to propose a realistic soil
improvement plan for developing countries.If this were to be achieved, it may be able to help
solve the hunger problem in developing countries.

【Developing Regions and Soil Types】

2 Discussion and implications
The research was conducted with the goal of " suggesting soil improvement methods thatcan be realized by developing countries."For developing countries, the important thing is"low cost.In the beginning, a lot of chemical fertilizers are needed to improve the soil. An
example of such soil improvement is the "Miracle of the Cerrado". Cerrado is one of thenames of a place in Brazil. This was originally a latosol area, unsuitable for agriculture. Thissoil called Latosol is highly acidic because of its high iron oxide content. It is also dry. On theother hand, the soil suitable for agriculture is well drained, well-watered, and rich in organic
matter such as compost, and is acidic with a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5."However, the heavy useof fertilizers there, has changed the Cerrado into a large farm. Today, Brazil is an agriculturalcountry that exports corn and soybeans.Then let's have a miraculous revolution in the
Cerrado in other areas.However, there is an important problem with this.It is very expensive
to use large amounts of chemical fertilizers.We need a low-cost way to create a cerrado
miracle. Therefore, I came up with the idea of using " microorganism.There are two maintypes of fertilizers. They are chemical and microbial fertilizers. These are both injected into
the soil to condition the soil. What makes these different is the way in which the soil isconditioned. Fertilizers directly control the PH of the soil. For example, if you wanted to makethe soil acidic, you would inject acidic chemicals. On the other hand, microbes create a cyclein the soil. Soil originally has cycles. Microorganisms decompose dead animals and plants to
produce nutrients. The animals and plants use the nutrients. Many soil types that are
unsuitable for agriculture do not have microorganisms in the soil and are not able to create
this cycle. There are many definitions, but for now, this is the definition within this study.
Here, however, a doubt occurs. Is microorganism really that effective? Comparisons
between chemical fertilizers and microorganisms could not be found through internet or bookresearch. However, there were many people who made their own microorganism fertilizers
on their personal blogs, so I will make them and actually experiment with them as areference. We are still preparing for that experiment. (To be conducted during the winterbreak)

3 Conclusion
From the above, it was found that one of the causes of hunger problems indeveloping countries lies in the underlying soil of agriculture. However, since theexperiment has not yet been done, it is not known at this moment whether microbial
can be a substitute for chemical fertilizers.
As for future issues, we would first like to conduct experiments to solve researchquestions as soon as possible, and we would like to investigate other issues, suchas conditions classified as latsol and the effects of microbial materials on soil, using
books and other resources, since many details are still vague.
4 References
Let's explore! Earth for
Allhttps://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/sanka/kyouiku/kaihatsu/chikyu/internation
al_society/developing_country/developing_ country_02.html
What is soil?
https://miraiecosharing1.com/page-4605/
The Miracle of Tripling Agricultural Production in Brazil：Asahi Shimbun GLOBE＋
https://globe.asahi.com/article/12358808
The 9th lecture Global Environment from Soil Perspective - Potential of Arid Land
Satoshi Matsumoto, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The
University of Tokyo
https://www.sanshiro.ne.jp/activity/97/k01/lecture9.htm
Four ways to increase soil microorganisms｜Explanation of their functions andbenefits｜Mynavi Agriculture
https://agri.mynavi.jp/2022_03_25_187394/
List of 15 microorganism material manufacturers (2022 edition) | Metairie
https://onl.la/954x1Q1
Spreading yogurt in planters
https://eco-rich-life.com/gardening/yogurt

Let's use it for agriculture! Good for pest control. Good for soil. How to make Bacillus
subtilis natto solution - Fruit Dome, a fruit picking company in Niigata, Japanhttps://fruitdome.net/196/
Includes information on microorganisms, lime materials, and lime products! Microbial
materials for agriculture and fields | Lisar Kosan
https://www.resahl.co.jp/column/field-microorganism-material.html
The case of technical cooperation on improvement of acid soil and cultivation of
upland rice in Panama
https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/IFIC_and_JBICI-Studies/jica-ri/publication/archives/jica/kenkyu/98_27/27_07.pdf
How to improve soil and create a well-drained environment? ｜ Columns ｜ Seiko
Ecologia Inc.
https://onl.la/gykgnPJ
Report on the 21 st World Congress of Soil Science
Grant-in-Aid for Young Scholars: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scholars to Report on
Research Abroad
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/africa/2020/98/2020_39/_pdf
The power of commercially available fermented foods to improve soil fertility!
Utilizing the commonly eaten "natto" for agriculture
https://www.kaku-ichi.co.jp/media/crop/microorganism/natto-used-for-agriculture
Where is fertile soil? A soil scientist talks about soil from space to balcony gardens(Part 1)
https://agri.mynavi.jp/2019_11_22_96225/
The Complex System of Soil Kazuyuki Fuji
ihttps://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/vss/63/4/63_20180536/_pdf/-char/ja

To Make Sustainable Compact City
How to support Africa's living
5313 Kohei Koike
1.Inroduction(1)abstract
Increased urbanization creates a strong economic force due to the fact that there are
more places to educate and work, and because of the concentration of industries. The strong
economic power thus created also leads to more opportunities for the exchange of
information and knowledge. However, there are also disadvantages in this situation. For
example, urbanization has reduced rural and regional areas and concentrated many of thelatest trends, job options, and conveniences in the cities. Urbanization also makes otherenvironmental problems more likely to occur, such as the "heat island effect", "building
winds", and the "waste problem". These are generally referred to as "urbanization problems".
Under these circumstances, the purpose of my research is to find out how to turn thesedisadvantages into advantages and how to solve the urbanization problem.
(2)Research backgroundIn recent years, economic growth in developing countries has been remarkable, andmany new cities have developed. The development of cities in developing countries has many
advantages. For example, the concentration of industry in cities can generate strong economic
power and high productivity through the exchange of information, ideas, knowledge, andtechnology, as well as research, development, and innovation. There is also the expectation ofhigher incomes in cities compared to rural areas due to the greater opportunities for educationand employment. In such a situation, if urban development is rapid and the population
inflows are fast, administrative, welfare services and infrastructure development may not beable to keep pace, prices and rents may remain high, and educational and employment
opportunities may be limited. As a result, in cities with inadequate urban policies, someresidents may be forced to accept a relatively low standard of living by living in slums andworking hard for low wages, even though they have moved into the city. In addition, suchpoverty problems may lead to a deterioration of public safety, and inadequate infrastructure
may lead to a regular deterioration of the urban environment through traffic congestion, air
pollution, and other problems. We decided to conduct this study in order to break out of thissituation.

(3)Significance and purpose
The purpose of this study is to solve various problems in Africa through compact
cities and agriculture. Over the past two decades, many urban areas have experienced
dramatic growth.

As a result of rapid population growth, combined with rapid technological innovation andpolitical change that has transformed the global economy, some 3 billion people, or half of
the world's total population, now live in cities. And cities are playing an increasingly
important role in the global economy as centers of production and consumption. Cities are
growing rapidly throughout the developing world. Over the next 30 years, nearly all of theworld's population growth is expected to be concentrated in urban areas in developing
countries. Currently, many international organizations are not yet fully aware of either the
expected rapid growth of small and medium-sized cities or the worsening living conditions of
the urban poor. The challenges of achieving sustainable urban development are particularly
critical in Africa.
2.Discussion and implications(1)Discussion〈1-1〉Effect of the compact city
The realization of a compact city could have a variety of effects. On theenvironmental side, in terms of improved energy efficiency and preservation of green spaces.
On the social side, it will lead to improved accessibility of transportation and facilities,
diverse modes of transportation, and an improved urban environment. On the economic side,
it will revitalize urban centers and reduce transportation costs.
While there are various advantages, there are also disadvantages.
Population movement without regard to financial resources and prices will not easily change
and salaries will not increase even if compact city development is implemented.
Those who have been living in the suburbs, where prices are lower, may experience asignificant squeeze on their finances.
And the most serious problem is the fear that the lives of people living in the suburbs may not
be taken into account. Even if a compact city is realized, the lives of people living in thesuburbs should not be ignored.
〈1-2〉The Importance of Compact Cities in Africa

It has the world's fastest population growth rate and is estimated to account for 20% of theworld's population by 2050. Therefore, it is expected to become a huge market in the future.
Twenty countries on the African continent have shown good economic performance, with anaverage GDP economic growth rate of over 5% from 2004 to 2006 and an inflation rate thatis one-fifth of what it was a decade ago. However, poverty remains a serious problem, with
41.1% of the total population living on $1 a day as of 2004, and hunger rates exceeding 35%
in 18 countries.
However, building a compact city will help attract population to the city and facilitate theestablishment of various industries. This will also lead to a diverse supply of goods andservices and increase worker productivity.
〈1-3〉Compact City and Agriculture
An important question for Africa in the future's how to secure food supplies.

I suggest forming a compact city like the one above. Developing irrigated agriculturein the suburbs around compact cities will create better markets and solve food insecurity in
Africa. In addition, the creation of a railroad connecting compact cities and suburban
irrigated areas will allow for more efficient food transportation. The benefits of this plan arethat it will solve Africa's food problems and create demand for jobs for people living in thesuburbs of the compact city. The point to consider here is how to raise money and create
irrigation.

3.Conclusion｢Relationship between Compact Cities and Developed Countries in Africa」
I have made various proposals for the formation of compact cities, but the most important
issues are cost and time. Here, my strongest suggestion is to build a cycle between developed
and developing countries. Currently, developed countries are trying to catch up with the
speed of economic growth in developing countries. In addition, while developing countries
are rapidly developing, their technological capabilities are not able to keep up with the speedof their economic growth, creating various problems such as the "urbanization problem.
Therefore, it is important for developed countries and developing countries to cooperate witheach other.

4.References「The steady rise of Africa's youth population against world continents. Image: SESRIC
SWOT Outlook 2018 for OIC Countries」

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/the-children-s-continent/
2023/12/10
https://www.timeshighereducation.com/
Times Higher Education
https://www.mlit.go.jp/pri/houkoku/gaiyou/pdf/kkk166.pdf
海外のメガシティにおける都市の発展段階とインフラシステムのニーズに関する調査研究
https://www.mlit.go.jp/pri/kikanshi/pdf/2018/68_6.pdf（出典：国土交通省「世界で進行する都市化の傾向と都市開発戦略（その１）」,2018）https://www.mlit.go.jp/pri/kikanshi/pdf/2018/69_6.pdf
世界で進行する都市化の傾向と都市開発戦略（その２）～香港の都市開発戦略～
https://www.jica.go.jp/publication/mundi/1502/ku57pq00001o9vm7-att/03.pdf
JICA「データで見るアフリカの経済」

To prevent youth suicide
Relation between people and hearts
ID5314

氏名小林兜真Abstract
According to a report of WHO in 2012, young people between 15 years oldand 25 years old committed suicide the most than any other people. In addition,suicide account for 1.4 percent of the cause of death, but paying attention to young
people, suicide comprise about 8.5 percent of that and suicide is the second causeof death for the youth. The aim of this study is that everyone can find the way ofsaving yourself. I analyzed about the reason why young people think that they wantto commit suicide and I researched about the counselors.The way of research was
mainly information gathering on the Internet and looking at books in the library. In
gathering information on the Internet, it was difficult to collect information on suicide
outside of Japan. In addition, some information was unreliable, so I was able toconduct my research by looking at figures from credible WHO reports and othersources to see if they were believable or contradictory. The causes of suicide among
young people cannot be summarized in a single cause. This is because suicide is
not the result of one specific cause, but a chain of various causes. Examples ofreasons include gender issues, economic issues, school issues, health issues, andfamily issues. Suicide is not caused by just one of these issues, but rather by a chainof various factors that have diverse and multiple causes and backgrounds.
Introduction
Young people between 15 years old and 25 years old committed suicide themost than any other people. In addition, suicide account for 1.4 percent of the causeof death, but paying attention to young people, suicide comprise about 8.5 percent ofthat and suicide is the second cause of death for the youth. The aim of this study isthat everyone can find the way of saving yourself. I analyzed about the reason why
young people think that they want to commit suicide and I researched about thecounselors.The causes of suicide among young people cannot be summarized in asingle cause. This is because suicide is not the result of one specific cause, but achain of various causes. Examples of reasons include gender issues, economic
issues, school issues, health issues, and family issues. Suicide is not caused by justone of these issues, but rather by a chain of various factors that have diverse andmultiple causes and backgrounds.

Discussion and implications
According to the National Police Agency, the total number of suicides in Japan
peaked at 34427 in 2003 and has been decreasing year by year. However, the total
number of suicides among teenagers and people in their 20s is increasing year by
year. In addition, when looking at suicides worldwide, Greenland is in first place,
Lithuania in second place and South Korea in third place. Why does Greenland havethe highest number of suicides? Most of Greenland's citizens have high incomes, aworld-class standard of living and good social security. However, approximately 20%of the population attempt suicide at least once. There are two reasons for this. The
first is alcoholism and the second is depression and insomnia due to lack of sunlight,
both of which are social problems in Greenland. Japan was ranked 13th.According to
the WHO report, 800 000 people commit suicide annually, and a simple calculationshows that one person dies by suicide every 40 seconds. See Figure 1. This graphshows the causes of death worldwide. It shows that the leading cause of death isischaemic heart disease, which is a general term for diseases such as myocardial
infarction and angina pectoris that occur when there is insufficient blood supply tothe heart muscle. Deaths from ischaemic heart disease have increased by more than
2 million over the past 20 years, reaching 8.9 million in 2019; it is estimated that 16%
of all deaths in 2019 were due to ischaemic heart disease; in second place is stroke,
which kills around 6 million people; in third place is lung cancer, which is the mostcommon cause of death in the world.
Third place goes to lung cancer. Have
you noticed anything so far? Yes,
suicide is not in the top ten. Somepeople may think that, based on the
results so far, more people could besaved by improving medical care thanby trying to reduce the number ofsuicides. However, if we look at thecauses of death among young people
around the world, the leading cause ofdeath is road traffic accidents, and thesecond leading cause is suicide. I think
it's great that we are improving healthcare and saving a lot of people, but I
think it's very serious that we are losing
young people to suicide, who still havea future. Saving the increasing numberof young people committing suicide andcreating a brighter future is the reason
why I wanted to do this research andwhy it is so important.

Conclusion
Based on the results so far, some people may think that more people could besaved by improving healthcare than by working to reduce suicides. However, if welook at the causes of death among young people around the world, the number one
cause of death is road traffic accidents and the number two is suicide, and suicide,which was not even in the top ten causes of death when looking at the causes ofdeath regardless of age, has risen sharply to number two. I think it's great that weare improving health care and saving a lot of people, but I think it's very serious that
we are losing young people to suicide, who still have a future. This research is aboutsaving the increasing number of young people committing suicide and creating abrighter future.
References
https://shodo-kanji.com/word/w_hogoshi.html
https://fk-vintage.com/iranaihanshi/
http://shodo-seisen.com/blog_old/blog_20140217.html
http://ecoshin.or.jp/sub2.html
http://ecoshin.or.jp/sub2.html
https://www.google.com/search?q=%E6%8A%98%E3%82%8A%E7%B4%99%E3%80%80%E8%A2%8B&
tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwix6pawwt_0AhUH8ZQKHeKJCCUQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=%E6%8A%98%E
3%82%8A%E7%B4%99%E3%80%80%E8%A2%8B&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQ
https://www.who.int/data/gho

Muscle training and mental health
Healthy life
5315 Ibuki Saito
・Abstract
Currently, the increase in the number of depressed patients is a worldwide problem.
I decided to solve this problem by utilizing my hobby of muscle training. Brain
hormones secreted by exercise promote mental stability and alleviate physical andmental distress. In addition, the change in appearance due to muscle training is
expected to improve and encourage improvement of low self-esteem, which is also a
cause of depression. Using these results, I am considering proposing theestablishment of gyms and opportunities for people to easily engage in muscle
training.
・Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the total estimated number ofdepressed people worldwide reached 322 million as of 2015, an increase of morethan 18% from 2005. In terms of distribution by region, the Asia-Pacific region
accounted for about 48% of the global total, the Americas about 15%, and Europe
about 12%. This data indicates that the increase in the number of depressed
patients, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, is currently a problem. In Japan, thenumber of depressed patients attending hospitals is estimated at 960,000 (:Ministryof Health, Labor and Welfare Patient Survey 2011), while the actual number ofdepressed patients in Japan is estimated to be between 3.6 and 6 million (:WHO).
Depression, unlike a simple injury, is a mental illness that is often unrecognized by
the patient themselves as well as by others. This is one of the reasons for thedifference between the number of depressed patients visiting hospitals and theactual number of depressed patients in the data above. When I wondered what aneffective solution to this situation might be, I remembered that my hobby of strength
training is said to be closely related to mental health. This study is an attempt todeeply consider the effects of strength training as a preventive method rather than acure for depressed patients, and to develop a realistic solution using this method.
The research question for this study is: "What are the measures that need to betaken to prevent and treat depression worldwide, using muscle training as the main
tool? The goal is to improve the health of all mankind. Until now, depression has
been thought of as a disease of the brain, but recent research has produced a seriesof results suggesting that it may be a type of lifestyle disease that is deeply related tolifestyle habits. Therefore, I wondered if we could reduce the number of patients
suffering from depression by making effective use of muscle training, which has abenign effect on mental health and also leads to lifestyle modification. By conducting

this research, we can expect not only a reduction in the number of depressed
patients, but also secondary benefits such as improved physical fitness and obesity.

Gathering information using the Internet (literature, etc.)

・Result
Worldwide, there are about 1 million suicides per
year, 10~20 million suicide planners, one person diesby suicide every 40 seconds, and one person
attempts suicide every 3 seconds. The graph on theright is a global suicide rate map (:WHO), whichshows the ratio of suicides to population in eachcountry by color. The graph shows that suicides, inother words, patients with severe depression, aredistributed mainly in the Asian region. As mentioned
in the background of the study, the current number ofdepressed patients is 322 million (2015), and it
continues to rise gradually.
The symptoms of depression can be divided into two main categories:
psychological and physical symptoms. Psychiatric symptoms are the core symptoms
of depression. They include depressed mood, low motivation, anxiety, irritability,
difficulty concentrating, and pessimistic thinking. The diagnosis of depression is
primarily based on an interview of these mental symptoms and a comprehensive
assessment. In addition, the severity of these symptoms is characterized by the factthat they change over time, and it is important to take this into consideration during
treatment over the long term. Somatic symptoms refer to physical symptoms causedby an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system due to the strong stress andimpaired brain function in depression. The most characteristic symptom is sleep
disturbance, which is present in as many as 90% of depressed patients. Other
symptoms include decreased appetite, lethargy, diarrhea and constipation. There arethree main treatments for depression: rest, psychotropic medication, andpsychotherapy.
Depression is not just a disease, but is considered to have many treatment options.
The one I would like to focus on in this study is muscle training. Muscle training isliterally "strength training," and its main goal is to strengthen muscles throughanaerobic exercise. At first glance, there is no relationship between depression andmuscle training, but recently I have seen a number of references describing thisrelationship. First, I would like to discuss the relationship between those two things,
which are the basis of this study.

The graph on the right is the "Mood
Questionnaire Before and After
Exercise" (:Ikuo University 2014). This
is not limited to muscle training, butrather to the broad category of
exercise (aerobic exercise), but all of
the items can be said to promotemental stability and mood elevation. In
particular*, the percentage ofserotonin, a neurotransmitter, in urine
was found to be higher after exercise.
This result reveals the effect thatexercise has on mental health. So why
the emphasis on muscle training?
As it turns out, there was no significant difference between the effects of aerobic
exercise and muscle training on mental health. Both types of exercise produce brain
hormones such as serotonin, dopamine, endorphins, and testosterone, which are
known to elevate mood and reduce physical and mental distress. However, there is amajor difference between strength training and aerobic exercise. The difference is in
how one's body looks.
Although we were unable to obtain specific survey results, from the experience ofpeople involved in the medical field of depression, such as Mr. Hisashi Kaneko of
Keiseikai Medical Corporation and Mr. Mikiya Takasu of Takasu Clinic, it seems that
depression and self-esteem
are closely related.The graphon the left shows the results of
the "Causes of Depression"section of the survey on "Job
Hunting and Depression" (:Life
Improvement Web 2014). As
can be seen from the results,
about half of the respondents
were depressed because of
their relationships, and this fact
seems to have promoted adecline in their sense of
self-esteem. This is where the effects of muscle training come into play. Muscle
training is about strengthening muscles, so of course there will be changes in theappearance of the body due to the building of muscles. Such changes, which areeasily noticed by the respondents themselves, lead to an increase in their sense of
self-affirmation, as they feel that they have achieved something through their own
efforts and that they have the power to change something. These data clearly
indicate that muscle training is effective against depression.

※Serotonin
Serotonin is known to control mood and emotions by regulating otherneurotransmitters such as dopamine and noradrenaline. Depletion of serotonin is
known to increase the susceptibility to mood disorders such as depression and otherpsychiatric disorders.
・Conclusion
My conclusion is to establish a gym company where muscle training is readily
available.The goal is to take advantage of the positive impact of exercise on mental
health and to reduce the number of pre-depression patients.At first glance, thisapproach may seem a long way off, but it may be an effective measure to combat
depression, which is difficult to treat and even more difficult to detect.There are
currently several similar companies, but they have many problems. So I would like tocreate one whose main goal is to address depression while improving those
problems.
future issues
・What specific exercises should be performed?
・How do we attract customers of all ages?

・References

うつ病の人は世界で3億2千万人 WHOが推計 - Science Portal
https://scienceportal.jst.go.jp › newsflash

あの人が｢うつ病｣を自覚できない最大の理由 | 健康
https://toyokeizai.net › ライフ › 健康

図表1-2-9 こころの病気の患者数の状況 - 厚生労働省
https://www.mhlw.go.jp › hakusyo › kousei › backdata

うつ病｜こころの病気を知る｜メンタルヘルス - 厚生労働省
https://www.mhlw.go.jp › know › disease_depressive

筋トレはメンタルも強化する！良い影響がある理由と 5つの ...
https://www.cospa-wellness.co.jp › cospa › labo

メンタルが弱い女性こそ筋トレを！不安やイライラを鎮める ...
https://www.karakoto.com › ... › 心の健康 › 不安

筋トレがメンタルヘルスに及ぼす影響 | 医療法人社団 平成医会
https://heisei-ikai.or.jp › column › muscle-trainingTestosterone「自信がない人は筋トレしろ。不安・焦燥を取り ...
https://r25.jp › article

筋トレがメンタルに及ぼす5つの効果？心身ともに強くしよう！
https://fukuyamaseitai.com › symptoms › post-3532

メンタルの強さは筋トレで鍛えられる！筋トレがメンタルを ...
https://findtrainer.jp › トレーニング

筋トレでメンタルは強くなる？筋トレに隠された効果を研究 ...
https://ufit.co.jp › Home › トレーニング

筋トレでメンタルを強化？！鍛えることが心身に与える5つの ...
https://247-workout.jp › article › training

就活が原因でうつ病になった人は1割、世代別では現在活動中 ...
https://news.mynavi.jp › ワーク＆ライフ › キャリア

自己肯定感と抑うつ - 新潟市医師会
https://www.niigatashi-ishikai.or.jp › psychiatry-memo

なぜ“筋トレをすると自信がつく”と言われるのか？運動時に ...
https://melos.media › 健康

うつ病 - こころの情報サイト
こころの情報サイト
https://kokoro.ncnp.go.jp › disease

https://kokoro.ncnp.go.jp/disease.php?@uid=9D2BdBaF8nGgVLbL#:~:text=%E3%8
0%8C%E3%81%86%E3%81%A4%E7%97%85%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%8
1%AF,%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%
81%84%E3%82%8B%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%
80%82
https://kokoro.ncnp.go.jp/disease.php?@uid=9D2BdBaF8nGgVLbL#:~:text=%E3%8
0%8C%E3%81%86%E3%81%A4%E7%97%85%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%8
1%AF,%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%
81%84%E3%82%8B%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%
80%82

Review of the Local Health Care System- Reviewed in the reform of the way we work 5316 Shinnosuke Sakamaki
Abstract
After Covid-19 came to Japan, the medical system had to be reviewed. In someregions, medical care became tight, and in urban areas, the lack of hospital beds became aproblem. I came up with the theme of this study to see what could be done to review the
medical system and alleviate the uneven distribution of doctors in the region. Through thisresearch, I believed that by finding problems and issues in reforming the way doctors work, it
would be possible to make their work easier and increase their motivation.
1 Introduction
Covid-19 came from China in 2020. The virus caused the breakdown of the medical
system. Japan's medical system is highly technological, and the average life expectancy isgetting longer. However, a problem with the medical system has occurred in Japan.
I thought that we could work to alleviate the pressure on health care in the region. Even
though the number of doctors is increasing, it may be possible to spread out the number ofdoctors in the region by reviewing the way doctors work, as there are severe disparities inmedical care in the region.
To examine the current state of the medical system, we will look into the reform of thephysician workforce. Since there is not much prior research, I will come up with my own
conclusions and measures.
2 Discussion and implications
What is Community Healthcare?
Community medicine is a medical activity to watch over and support local residents sothat they can live their lives with peace of mind. It pays close attention to their various healthconcerns and worries and responds appropriately to them, as well as to the lives of theresidents at large.
Problems and Current State of Local Medical Care
Uneven distribution of doctors in urban areas, lack of people working at night, andpoor access to hospitals.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Medical Treatment
Advantages Disadvantages
Patient’s side: Easy access to medical care,no need to go to the hospital, reduction oftransportation costs
Doctor’s side:only need to see the patient at the appointment time.
Disadvantages
Patient’s side: Sometimes online connection is not available.
Doctors' side: Difficulty in palpation, etc. Cannot provide medical careAbout 40 percent are willing to work outside of urban areas.Many doctors areconcerned about the educational and working environment in the countryside compared to thecity, which has caused the rural areas to be concentrated in urban areas.

Although the number of physicians is increasing by about 4,000 each year、 there is
still a small distribution of doctors. The current number of physicians is 339,623. Doctors areconcentrated in urban areas, and local medical care is becoming unevenly distributed. Thishas been accelerated by the fact that residents can now choose the hospitals where they can
train.My concern is that the work schedule will reduce doctors’ working hours, and that they
will have less time to see their patients.

3 Conclusion
Innovate initiatives that can improve local health care. It is difficult to make newreforms when we link data from anywhere with vague conclusions. If we can keep what
doctors can implement regarding medical care and increase what nurses, laboratory
technicians, and others other than doctors can do, the burden on doctors will be eliminated.
4 References
医師の勤務実態及び働き方の 意向等に関する調査 (mhlw.go.jp)
from ministry of health, labor and welfare
2/12
地域医療、6つの問題点と今後期待されること | 女性ヘルスケアマーケティングのウーマン
ズラボ (womanslabo.com)
about local health care 1/23
https://www.dtod.ne.jp/dekurasu/kouroushou/
Measures to prevent uneven distribution of doctors

4/3

https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/10800000/000818136.pdf
Reforming the way doctors work Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

5/7Reorganization of TSE
How to bring global investiment5317 Shingai Koya
1.Abstract
In April 2022,TSE(Tokyo Stock Exchange) was reorganized into threemarkets:Prime,Standard, and Growth,replacing the five markets:TSE1st and 2nd section,
JASDAQ(Japan Securities Dealers Association Quotation System), and
MOTHERS.(JASDAQ has two markets:Standard and Growth) Therefore, I continue
studying about “Listed Goal’’ relation to the growth market to make it safer for investors toinvest.
2.Backgroundsn
You know 4 markets of Tokyo Stock Exchange have been divided into 3 new markets
named Prime, Standard, Growth in April 2022. It is because the market capitalization of
JPX(Japan Exchange Group) became lower than other world-wide markets ,and declined themarket presence. In addition, TSE had a lot of problems; (the profitability of listed companies
was low, the criteria of list and keep listing five markets is ambiguous, the number ofcompanies belonged to TSE1st section was too large, some companies became a company
with low prospect of the future and TOPIX(Tokyo Stock Index) has distorted, and so on)andthey think that the problem is cause the convenience and reliability of deal. As one of them,“Listed goal” is raised. Listed goal is the word; Indicator that founder, venture capital etc.
prioritize profiting from listing rather than sustainable progress of company value. In fact,many venture companies go bankrupt doing that .I believe that if these problems could be
eliminated, many investors would feel more comfortable investing in such companies.
3.Purpose and importance
TSE is the biggest stock exchange place in Japan, manages the financial market with a license
as a financial exchange based on financial instruments and exchange act ,and deals withmany finance products like domestic and overseas issue stocks, corporate bonds, government
bonds etc. Moreover, TSE is called the three major exchanges in the world. Therefore, theTSE is a big exchange. But the market capitalization is low compared to other stock
exchanges in the world.One reason this happens is the environment that investors would
invest safely isn’t easy. In other worlds, the great effect doesn’t appear. Therefore, I think that
if I can find and spread some idea that makes investors feel more comfortable when theytransport, the amount of investment will increase, much money will accumulate in eachcompany, large projects can be undertaken, and finally world-wide economics will boost
more and more owing to the TSE.

4.Discussion and implications
TSE has reorganized to improve roughly three points:
The concept of each market classification is ambiguous, the utilization is low for many
investors. Next ,the role that is expected in terms of the motivation of sustainableimprovement of corporate value about the listed companies
Third, the index that functions as an object to invest and market representativeness doesn’t
exist.
But, this effect doesn’t work perfectly due to transitional measures and discrimination.
So, I think they should be focused on these 4 points:
At Prime market, raise the basics of market capitalization about listing maintenancestandards by almost hundreds of million yen from 10 years to 20 years.
At Standard market, raise the number of companies which are assessed at this market
carrying on the strategy of suitable management.
At Groth market,enhance some systems that start-up-company are given financial
tension for institutional investors.
Maintenance of a delisted market like the system of marketmaker.
Actually. it is so difficult that I can’t suggest these alternative plans. So I continue studying inparticular the Growth market.
Groth market is pointed to the problem of “listed goals”. From now on, there were a lot ofcompanies which didn’t make an effort to increase market capitalization. So I think market
capitalization was not so high because investors felt disappointed and they didn’t invest a lot.
So there, I suggest new ideas which is associated with virtual money and crowdfunding(butit doesn’t occur profits)
The system and index I want to introduce:○Provisional investment system
Each investor gains a certain percentage of their own assets as a provisional asset and makesa provisional investment in each company.
○the Index of provisional expectations for start-up companies
This index shows how much each company gathers provisional assets compared to othercompanies.
Culculate(the provisional assets of one’s company
all companies listed on the Growth market
×------------------------------------------------------------------------ )×100
total provisional capital

・The criterion is 100.(= Average provisional capital acquired per company is regarded as100.)
・if the index shows over 100, it is able to say that the company gathered provisional assets alot.

○provisional capital of the average investor
This shows how much each investor invests provisional money.
Culculate[{(initial provisional assets of each investor ー temporary assets at the time of
calculation for each investor/ the number of day from when an investor starts investing to when he finishes}+(･･･repeat this operation for each investor)]/ total number of investors◯The positive effect to set the index
The Index of provisional expectations for start-up companies
Provisional corporate value from an investor prospecting shows clearly, so the consignmentis able to do with reducing risks naturally.Bui, it is only a provision.
Provisional capital of the average investor
By allowing each investor to know the investment amount of other investors, it is possible toprevent unintended provisional investments. However, there is also a possibility that
restrictions are too effective because the value is a rough estimate of all investors.
5.Conclusion
These systems and indexes have several advantages and disadvantages.
On the company's side, it is possible to know in terms of investment how much consumers
expect what it is that the company wants to develop.
On the investor's side, they can see how much other investors are expecting the same thingfrom a company, which makes it easier to make the resulting investment.
Thus, low-risk investment becomes possible.
But,Some investors may not participate in such a system because they want high risk/highreturn. And, product development, especially for technology and innovative ideas, may not
like this time-consuming system because ventures may want to get started on productdevelopment as soon as possible.
With this in mind, I would like to explore ways to reduce the disadvantages and communicate
them to the world in the future.
6. Literature
https://www.homemate-research-stock.com/useful/tokyoshouken/
https://www.jpx.co.jp/equities/market-restructure/market-segments/index.html
https://www.lvnmag.jp/column/yomanai/28315/
https://www.jri.co.jp/MediaLibrary/file/report/researchfocus/pdf/13304.pdf

https://www.soico.jp/ipo-goal/#:~:text=%E4%B8%8A%E5%A0%B4%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E7%B6%99%E7%B6%9A,%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%20%E3%82%92%E3%81%84%E
3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82
https://gendai.media/articles/-/69525?imp=0
https://hataractive.jp/useful/2658/
https://kigyolog.com/article.php?id=396#:~:text=%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E6%8A%9
5%E8%B3%87%E5%9E%8B%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%89%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%
B0%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%8A%E5%A0%B4,%
E5%8F%97%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82

Low Birth-weight Infants We Can Save
A step toward reducing child mortality rates
5318 Sekiguchi Miyu

Abstract
There are children born with a low birth weight which is less than 2500g in the world.
They have the risks of death and developmental delay. Therefore the aim of this study is toclarify the cause of low birth-weight infant’s death and make them survive better. For thatreason, my research questions are “How can we save low birth weight infants? How can welower the health risks after low birth weight infants are born?” I began to grasp what low
birth weight infants are and the problem they face by researching the Internet and reading
preceding studies. Then, I visited the Centre for innovation in healthcare in Singapore to
deepen my knowledge of medical devices developed by innovation. Through research, I
found it difficult to resolve problems rooted in the local area. Thus, I propose to promote thewidespread use of portable infant incubators which is called “Embrace”. If this study issuccessful, it may be able to reduce child mortality rates and it will stabilize the population in
the world. Women no longer need to give birth to many children and at the same time thepopulation explosion would be controlled.

Introduction
There is terrible data about low birth weight infants. It is that more than 80％ of the
2.5 million newborn deaths worldwide each year are due to low birth weight. That is thereason I researched low birth-weight infants. To begin with, what is the definition of lowbirth weight infants? They are newborns who are born under 2500g. Incidentally, someone
who is born under 1500g is called a very low birth-weight infant. Birth weight is an importantmeasure of their mother and themselves health. At the same time, it can be a significant
determinant of medical outcomes. Low birth weight infants have a greater risk of both shortand long term disadvantages in their health. As a short term risk, because of undeveloped
health systems, their bodies tend to get cold and the probability of death is higher than usual.
As long term risks, some researchers pointed out that educational disadvantage associatedwith low birth weight persists into early adulthood. For example, fewer very low birth weight
young adults had graduated from high school than normal birth-weight adults. That is
because such children have poorer cognitive function and academic performance. Some lowbirth weight infants also have chronic illness and handicap. During study, I found that there
are two main inducements of low birth-weight infants. First, about pregnant women, they are
too young or too old and suffer from infectious disease or other illnesses. Second, about theenvironment, people have bad nutritional conditions and water supply or other infrastructureis lacking. These problems are occurring not only in developing countries but also indeveloped countries. However, they are difficult to solve because they are rooted in eacharea.

Discussion
I visited the Centre for innovation in healthcare in Singapore in autumn 2023. At thattime, I learned much but I will introduce the main two points. To begin with, it is necessary to
generate innovation to combine some things which exist around you. Now, many convenient
products are already created and it is pretty hard to come up with an idea about something
completely new. Next, there is a portable device for pregnant women. I was able to learn
information about innovative healthcare devices. Most of them were developed by National
University of Singapore and some of them were already being used. It was one of them. With
this device, pregnant women can examine their unborn children even though there is no
hospital near them. I thought this device was very effective but my research question is“How can we save low birth weight infants? How can we lower the health risks after low
birth weight infants are born?”. Then I suppose a portable device for infants is best to solve
the problem. Here, I will present a similar innovation “Embrace”. It aims to help millions ofvulnerable babies through a low cost infant warmer which is safe, portable, easy to use andcan work without electricity(diagram 1).

(diagram 1)

Implications
I would like to create innovation combining two preceding innovation devices. They
are portable devices for pregnant women and infants. Actually, Embrace, which wasdeveloped by Jane Chen in 2014, was already being used mainly in India. It is less difficult tocarry out innovation with products being used than new ones. I think about the system that
inspects the risk of low birth weight infants with products for pregnant women and delivering
rapidly Embrace to care. The limitation is the cost problem to carry the devices. Then myidea for future research is to try to put it into practice.

Conclusion
I research how to solve the problem of low birth weight infants, which is related to the
population problem. I would like to create innovation with two portable devices for pregnant
women and infants and save low birth weight infants.

References
Centre for Innovation in Healthcare
Centre for Innovation in Healthcare - NUHS Centres
2023/6/20
Doherty, T., & Kinney, M. (2019). Low birthweight: will new estimates accelerate progress?
The Lancet, 7, E809-E810.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30041-5
2023/10/10
Malleett-Moore, A. Baedaji Maureen Hack, M.B., Ch.B., Daniel J. Flannery, Ph.D., Mark
Schluchter, Ph.D., Lydia Cartar, M.A., Elaine Borawski, Ph.D., and Nancy Klein,
Ph.D.(2002). Outcomes in Young Adulthood for Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants
The New England Journal of Medicine, 349, 149-157.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa010856?articleTools=true
2023/1/15

1Utilization of Cells
Toward the Application of Honeycomb Core to Housing
5319 Aoi Takeuchi
Abstract
Now the price of foundation work occupies one-tenth of the cost of constructing a house,
so I thought of how to lower the price of that. Then, I focus on the honeycomb core. It is a very
light, but hard material. The cheapest standard of aluminum honeycomb was found to be able towithstand the weight of a house, but its service life was short at 15 years, making it unsuitablefor house foundations. Although CFRP(Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers) was strong and hada reasonable service life, it was very expensive and did not fulfill its intended purpose. The final
choice was steel. Although heavier than aluminum, steel is low-cost, high-strength, and, with
hot-dip galvanization, has a very long service life. Future issues include the selection of the typeof steel to be used and consideration of seismic resistance.

2
Discussion and implications
For the material for the honeycomb core, firstly I chose aluminum from several
resources in the chart below. Other materials are too weak or may do bad for the environment.
Figure 1
Comparison of different types of honeycomb coreNote. This chart is edited and cited from Shin Nihon Feather Core.
Also, according to Morishin Kogyo, the durability of the aluminum honeycomb panels is asfollows.

3
Figure 2
Size and durability of honeycomb core cells

Note. This chart is edited and cited from Morishin Kogyo.
The weight of a house is generally around 1.6 tons per square meter, therefore even the largest
cell size within the specifications sold by this company can withstand the weight. While there isa custom-made option, I first checked the standard products offered by this company. Here are
the details.
Figure 3
An example of the honeycomb coreNote. This chart is edited and cited from Morishin Kogyo.

4Certainly, when calculated on a per-square-meter basis, the cost of the panels is not considered,but it amounts to approximately 6,000 yen. However, a new issue arises at this point. First, thequestion of whether mass production is feasible. Second, is the issue of service life. While theservice life of concrete is approximately 50 years, aluminum is only about 15 years. This makes
it impractical as a foundation for a house, resulting in a misguided approach. Therefore, I turned
my attention to coating the surface of the material. That is hot dip galvanizing. Hot dip
galvanizing is a process in which steel is immersed in zinc and melted at high temperatures toform a zinc coating on the surface. The useful life is as shown below. This is based on thecalculation of the period until 90% of the plating film is worn away when the zinc deposition is
550 g/m². In addition, for large structures such as bridges, the thickness of the material is 9 to 30
mm and the amount of zinc deposition is considered to be 800 to 2000 g/m². The service life isexpected to be semi-permanent. Although steel is heavier than aluminum, aluminum costs about
340 yen per kilogram, whereas steel costs several tens of yen per kilogram. For these reasons, I
decided to use steel.
Figure 4
Zinc Corrosion Rate by Operating EnvironmentNote. This chart is edited and cited from Ōem Kogyo.

5Conclusion
After careful consideration of various materials, the ultimate decision led us to utilize
iron and implement plating. However, it's important to note that "iron" is a broad category
encompassing numerous types, and my next endeavor involves precisely selecting the specificvariant to meet our requirements. Given the inherent characteristics of the honeycomb core, itsvulnerability to lateral impact necessitates contemplation on how to enhance its resistance,
especially in scenarios such as seismic events where lateral forces might pose a threat.
Additionally, contemplating the production methodology for manufacturing honeycomb panelsof a scale substantial enough to serve as a foundation for a house presents yet another formidable
challenge on our construction journey.

6
References｢意外と知られていない！戸建住宅の「基礎工事」とは、いったいどんな工事なの?｣
https://www.inos-ie.com/topics/2018/04/20180424000892.php｢ベタ基礎・布基礎って何？ どっちがいいの？ 家の基礎（土台）の事情｣
https://suumo.jp/article/oyakudachi/oyaku/chumon/c_knowhow/ie_kiso/
福島県｢応急仮設住宅の建設にかかる対応状況等報告会｣
https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000170083.pdf
石田 祥子｢折紙工学(2)―ハニカムコアの力学―｣
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bjsiam/30/2/30_27/_pdf/-char/ja
MORISHIN｢アルミハニカムパネルの技術データ｣
https://www.morishin.com/about/data.html
軽金属商品協会｢建築用アルミ表面仕上げ材の標準耐用年数指針｣
http://www.apajapan.org/APA2/pfd-files/member/bm-03.pdf´TORAY´｢CFRPとは？ 特徴や用途から成形方法の選び方まで詳しく解説｣
https://www.carbonmagic.com/cfrp/#anc1
Lifter｢アルミハンドブック｣
https://www.lifter.co.jp/handbook_p2/#:~:text=%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9F%E3%
83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0%E3%81%AE%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%AA,%E7%82%AD%E7%B4%A0%E9%8B%BC%E3%81%AB%E5%8C%B9%E6%95%B5%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%80%82
SUPER RESIN｢CFRPの物性｣
https://www.super-resin.co.jp/cfrp/properties/#reinforced
オーエム工業株式会社｢溶融亜鉛めっき｣
https://www.om-industry.co.jp/business/hot-dip-galvanizing/feature/feature03/
佐野重量金属株式会社｢アルミの買取単価｣
https://aipo.xsrv.jp/sanometaru/%E8%B2%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%8D%98%E4%BE%A1%E4%
B8%80%E8%A6%A7/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9F%E7%B3%BB%E3%8
1%AE%E8%B2%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%8D%98%E4%BE%A1/

7

日本鉄リサイクル工業会｢価格推移表｣
https://www.jisri.or.jp/kakaku
日経XTECH｢アルミ合金は鉄の1/3の軽さ、たわみは3倍だが設計でカバーできる｣
https://xtech.nikkei.com/atcl/nxt/column/18/01309/00010/
日本建築学会技術報告集｢屋外暴露 33 年目までの CFRP板の劣化状態｣(米丸・桑原、2020)
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aijt/26/62/26_164/_pdf

How to support new artists
the evolution of the way of decide wage
ID5320

氏名Takezawa Kazutoshi

Abstract
These days, more people are enjoying music through streaming services such as
Spotify, Apple Music, Line, Amazon .Compared to the past, the ways of listening tomusic have become easier with the spread and evolution of the Internet. On theother hand, the number of CD sales is declining ,making it more difficult to generate
revenue beyond the number of CDs sold. Therefore , I would like to find the
problems of the streams preventing new artists from making money and solve them.
I suggest changing the way to decide the salary.
1 Introduction
First of all, Meanwhile, in 2022, Onkyo, a Japanese audio company, went bankrupt
because demand for the company's products was decreasing. That's when I started
researching, wondering if there were even bigger problems within the music industry.
I also learned that streaming services offer low pay and are a difficult environment for
new artists. I began this research wondering if there was anything I could do tosupport artists. First, We investigated how streaming services' profits are
determined. Most streaming services such as Spotify divide the money collectedfrom users based on how much of the total number of views the service accounts for.
So even if a new artist gets a few hundred thousand views, it's still so small in the
grand scheme of things that they won't be able to make enough money.

2 Discussion And Implications
Current status and problems ofsubscription services
The number of users (paid members) ofunlimited music listening services(streaming services) is 523.9 million
worldwide, of which 30% use Spotify
and 15% use Amazon Music . In
particular, Spotify, which ranks first, hasover 400 million users. Spotify is usedby many people, but it is said that therevenue that artists who are listened to
can earn is small. And the reason lies in the way Spotify's
revenue is distributed. According to an article in Rolling
Stone magazine, Spotify collects revenue from services
such as monthly usage fees, removes Spotify's share (30%),

and distributes the rest to musicians . The distribution method is not based on thenumber of accounts that have played the game, but rather on the number of plays.
With traditional CDs, the income could be received regardless of the sales of othermusicians, but with subscriptions, the income is taken from the entire money
distributed to the musicians. A bigger share for pop stars means a smaller share forminor musicians. This is a situation where someone else's sales have a deep impact
on your own income. Spotify itself is said to be profitable only after reaching 500
million paying users. I found that conventional subscription services are very hard torun.

3 Conclusion
Based on these facts, I propose a new revenue distribution method for new
subscription services.
We will pay revenue based on the percentage of the artist who was listened to fromthe total number of views of each individual subscription user.
This method is the easiest way to distribute profits to young artists. By introducing
this method, there is a higher possibility of giving more revenue to young artists who
have not yet received a lot of revenue due to the low number of plays.On the other
hand, the disadvantage is that there is a difference between songs. In Japan'sHouse of Representatives elections, there is a large difference in the number ofvotes required to become a member of the House of Representatives between
Yamaguchi Prefecture, which has a small population, and Tokyo, which has a large
population. Something similar could happen with subscription services. In particular,
the amount of time spent on streaming differs greatly depending on the person, so it
is possible that the amount of money given to an artist will be the same dependingon whether someone has listened to a song over 100 times in a month or someone
who has only listened to it 10 times.
By adding additional options to streaming, such as becoming a YouTube member,you can support her artists while also distributing exclusive information and soundsources.
By adding this option, users will feel special, more people will subscribe to it, andartists will receive additional revenue in addition to the number of plays. The
advantage of this is that compared to method 1, there is no disparity in songs, andadditional income can be obtained by the operating company and others, which canbe used to improve its services.
On the other hand, the disadvantage of this is that the more additional options you
choose, the more you will have to pay.The good thing about streaming services isthat you can listen to unlimited music for a fixed monthly fee at a low price.

Therefore, eliminating its appeal would mean losing users who used to use it
because they thought it was easy.
We also need to think about ways to increase the operating company's profits in the
future.
4 References【音楽学】音楽産業の歴史と発展～レコード・CD・MP3・ストリーミング～ | XERA
音楽業界の現状・今後の動向について
オンキヨー破産｢高性能でも勝てない｣時代の現実 | IT･電機･半導体･部品 | 東洋経済オンライン
OZZY OSBOURNE On Streaming Royalties: "Spotify Is AF*cking Joke"
Spotifyを痛烈に批判するジーン・シモンズ(KISS)［翻訳ミュージシャン］
音楽配信を闇からすくい上げたスティーブ・ジョブズ──NapsterのつまずきとAppleの理想定量調査からみる若者の音楽生活 : コミュニケー ションツールとしての音楽
細野晴臣 いまの音楽には何かが足りない感じがする | 朝日新聞デジタルマガジン＆[and]世界の音楽市場、2020年は7.4%増の売上216億ドルに到達。IFPIレポート解説

the Formation of a Sustainable Society〜Recycling-oriented society through the use of resource〜
5321 Tajiri Kaito
Abstract
In recent years, garbage emissions have become a growing problem in the world. The more
the population is increasing, the more the amount of garbage produced in the world isincreasing. However, according to the OECD, less than 50% of the waste is recycled. In
addition, The recycling rate of Germany and Austria is about 60%, while that of New
Zealand and Turkey is about 0%. Accordingly, there is a difference between developing
countries, where recycling is less advanced, and developed countries, where recycling ismore advanced. In addition, the recycling rate for each resource is 77% for paper, while therecycling rate for plastic is low at 42%. So, I thought the problem of plastic waste was
especially a problem to solve. The effects of this problem include global warming and its
impact on living organisms. Then, we decided to focus on plastics with the goal of reducing
the number of discarded plastics. Through this research, we believe we can come closer tosolving these problems. Next, we examined the propensity to recycle plastics and found thatthe propensity to recycle is particularly low in Africa and Asia. Furthermore, we investigated
why the amount of plastic waste generated is low. We found that the reason for this is amatter of cost and technical capacity. Therefore, we thought that measures that could be taken
in developing countries were necessary. Next, we looked into the measures that are currently
being taken, and found that in countries such as Germany, weighing is being used. We believethat this is an effective measure that can be taken in developing countries as well.

1 Introduction
1.1 The definition of my study
First is “waste”. In my study, I use this word as “wastes, bulky waste, sludge, waste oil,excreta, and other excrement or something unnecessary, which we can understand objectively
from the actual condition of emission excluding gaseous and radioactive waste”. (theMinistry of the Environment, Kanseiren, 16.10.1971) Second is “industrial waste”. I used thisword as “among waste, sludge, waste oil, cinders, and so on, which was trashed for the
purpose of profit making and public works”. (the Ministry of the Environment, Kanseiren,
16.10.1971) Third is “general waste”. I used this word as “all waste except the industrial
waste”. (the Ministry of the Environment, Kanseiren, 16.10.1971) Then, in my study, I
defined the amount of waste as the total of the industrial waste and general waste.

1,2 The data
1.2.1 The change of the amount of waste

Graph 1 shows the change of the average of the amount of the waste of each country. I
quote this data from Municipal waste, Generation and Treatment (OECD *1,15.08.2023) and
Generation of waste by sector (OECD). I made this graph except for the countries which
aren’t recorded in those data. Graph 2 shows the change of population in the world. I quote
this data from World population by year (Worldometer). According to these graphs, theamount of waste and population are on the increase. Accordingly, as the population increases,
the amount of waste increases too. Also, we can predict that the amount of waste willcontinue to increase (Research Institute of Solid Waste Management Engineering).

Graph 1 the change of the amount of waste in the world

Graph 2 The change of population*1OECD : The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an internationalorganization that works to build better policies for better lives. (https://www.oecd.org/about/)

1.2.2 The recycling rates
Graph 3 shows the recycling rates of the world. I quote this data from Environment at a Glance 2015
OECD INDICATORS (OECD). According to this graph, there are differences among countries such as
Germany and Turkey. In addition, the average recycling rate of the world is lower than 50%. Table 1

shows the recycling rates organized by materials. I quote this data from Municipal waste by waste
operations and waste streams (OECD.Eurostat). I used the data of Europe that the recycling rates aregood compared to others in this graph because I think I can understand the problem of the world. As
you can see from this table, the recycling rate of plastics is the worst.

Graph 3 Recycling rates (2013)
Material

Rates of recycling

Plastic

42

Paper

71

Can

75

Table 1 Rates of recycling organized by materials

1.3 Impact of Plastic Emissions
The emission of the waste of plastic causes a lot of problems. According to EverGreen, there arethree problems. The first problem is global warming. The factor is greenhouse gasses produced whenplastics are burned. The second problem is a lack of resources. The material of plastics is petroleum,so there is a lack of resources. The third problem is marine pollution. The factor is a large quantity ofplastics which run out to the sea.

1.4 Research Purpose, Research Motivation, and SignificanceI had studied the garbage problem before. Then, I became interested in recycling. Therefore,
I decided to start this research. In addition, these days, there are problems such as low
recycling rates and differences among countries, especially poor recycling rates for plastics.

In addition, a lot of damages to life and global warming have been reported due to these
problems. Therefore, in this study, we decided to focus on plastics and conduct research
aimed at reducing the number of discarded plastics. We believe that through this research we
can come closer to solving these problems.

2 Discussion and implicationsFirst, I searched the present circumstances of the recycling of plastics. Graph 4 shows theresult. This graph presents trends in plastic waste collected for recycling for the 13 global
regions. Also, Y means the countries which join the OECD, N means the countries which
don’t join the OECD. According to graph 4, regions with many developing countries, such as
Africa and Asia, have lower trends in plastic waste collected for recycling compared to otherregions, while regions with many developed countries, such as America and Europe, havelower trends in plastic waste collected for recycling compared to other regions. So, I thinkthat I need to make measures which development countries can do.

Graph 4 Plastic waste collected for recycling
Next, I looked at the reasons why plastics are not being recycled. According to the name ofthe site, there are five reasons: the first reason is cost; the second reason is that the samematerial must be collected. For example, polypropylene and polystyrene cannot be recycled
at the same time. The third reason is composite plastics, which are made of composite resins,
making them difficult to recycle. Fourth is contamination, which makes it impossible torecycle dirty plastic. Fifth, additives, which make recycling difficult. From these factors, wethought that it would be difficult to have plastic recycled in developing countries. Therefore,
we set a goal to reduce the amount of plastic used.
Next, we looked at what measures are currently being taken in practice. One example isGermany. Various stores in Germany sell by weight. Weighing is a method of determining theprice of an item by its weight using a bottle. This is also used for shampoo, for example, andis thought to reduce the amount of plastic.
2.3 Current measures
Next, I searched what measures are being taken now. For example, Germany. At the various
shops in Germany, there are different ways of shopping. The ways are selling by weight.
Concretely, when we buy items, shoppers decide the fee by weight using jars. This way isalso used for shampoo and I think it can lead to reducing the amount of plastic waste. It iseasy for developing countries to reduce the amount of plastic waste.

3 Conclusion
In response to the question of how plastic waste can be reduced, we thought that weighing
would be an effective way to do this. This is because it is easier to do than recycling, and webelieve it is as effective as the recycling rate in Germany. I want to do two tasks. First task is
examining measures taken in other countries. Second task is considering the merits anddemerits of the measures considered.

4 References
https://www.kanseiren.or.jp/
全国環境整備事業協同組合連合会
https://www.env.go.jp/
環境省
https://www.env.go.jp/hourei/11/000516.html
廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律の施行について | 法令・告示・通達 | 環境省
https://www.oecd.org/
OECD
https://stats.oecd.org/
OECD Statistics
https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/world-population-by-year/
World Population by Year - Worldometerhttps://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/environment-at-a-glance-indicators_ac4b8b89-en
Environment at a Glance Indicators | OECD iLibraryhttps://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/ac4b8b89-en/1/3/4/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/ac4b8b89-en&_csp_=87902827c775ab2e647000889063ed4c&itemIGO=oecd&itemConten
tType=book#section-d1e715-ea46b079b9
https://blog.goo.ne.jp/wa8823/e/59f70c61f5c90414bba2c001ec7f5582
OECD加盟34ヵ国、一般廃棄物の処理とリサイクル率（2013年） - 東京23区のごみ問題を考える
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ENV_WASMUN/default/table?lang=en
Statistics | Eurostat

https://losszero.jp/blogs/column/news_732
世界のリサイクル率ランキング！日本のゴミの量は多い？ – ロスゼロ
https://www.egmkt.co.jp/column/consumer/20210730_EG_129.html#menu3
プラスチック問題とは？プラスチックごみがもたらす影響や家庭でできる取り組みなどを解説
https://stats.oecd.org/viewhtml.aspx?datasetcode=PLASTIC_WASTE_6&lang=en
Plastic waste collected for recycling
https://lessplasticlife.com/plastics/trash-recycle/why-are-plastic-recycling-rates-so-low/
世界でプラスチックのリサイクル率が低い5つの理由＆日本の現状
https://www.vogue.co.jp/article/sustainable-tips-bulk-shop
毎年7月は“プラスチック・フリー・ジュライ”──バルクショップマップを活用した、脱プラ買物術【注目のサステナTips】 | Vogue Japan
https://earthsustainability.jp/economy/9427/#%E9%87%8F%E3%82%8A%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%81%
A8%E3%81%AF
ゴミの削減にも繋がる！環境先進国ドイツで人気の「量り売り」とは - あすてなStress-free Obesity Prevention
new healthy habits
5322 Tei Masami
Abstract
Today, there are more than 2 billion people who are obese or overweight in the world, and thenumber of them has been increasing. Obesity is related to various diseases, such as highblood pressure, diabetes, and heart diseases. I felt strange that there are still a large number ofobese people in the world despite the fact that there are already many considered solutions.
That is why I decided to choose this theme.
I believe that If we can find some drastic solutions to reduce the number of these people,
more people can enjoy a healthy life. In my research, I found the common point of many
countries with high obesity rates or population was excessive calorie intake and lack of
exercise. Diets with much fat, carbohydrate, and sugar, represented by fast food, had much to
do with them. Therefore, I came up with a idea to display the nutritious balance of foodvisually by food labeling in order to increase people’s awareness of nutrition.
Introduction
The state of obesity indicates people whose BMI are above 22. Obesity leads us to various
health crises, but the number of obese people has been increasing since the 1900s.The aim of
this study is to identify what causes this change and prevail a new lifestyle to reduce illness
caused by obesity worldwide. The main evidence comes from the internet. As a result, It was
found that the average calorie intake in many countries was gradually increasing. Also, thecountry with a high obesity rate was especially found in Oceania. The common point of thesenations is that they have no choice but eating things with low nutritional value but highcalories. This trend was observed in some developed countries, such as the U.S.

discussion ＆ implications
According to the chart1 below, the state of obese indicates people whose BMI is over 30, andthere are two types. One is visceral fat obesity and the other is subcutaneous fat type obesity.
It is said that the former has a higher risk oflifestylediseases. I will comply with this definitionin this study.
⇐CHART1（WHO, 1988）
First, I tried to find some common points
between different countries with muchobesity. I compared both countries with ahigh obesity rate and one with a large obese
population. As a result, the former was especially found in Oceania, while a large part of thelatter was developed countries. It is difficult to identify what caused this tendency because
many elements are related to each other. However, there are some remarkable ones for thisfact.That is, excessive calorie intake and lack of exercise.

※right:CHART2（社会実情データ実録）
left: CHART3（MAFF）
about excessive calorie intake
According to these charts, the necessary calories are at most 3,000 kcal per day. However,most countries are above the line of 3,000kcal in the CHART2.
I thought that what played an important role in this change is what is called” fast food”. “Fastfood”matches the modern lifestyle, which contains people becoming busier. On the other
hand, these diets are cheaper compared to more elaborate dishes, therefore more available tothose who are in poverty. In this way, fast food is acceptable for a large part of us.
In contrast to its spread, fast food is not very good for our health in general. The main
problem which rises when it comes to preventing obesity are 1)low nutritionand2) a high acceptance for people.
To write about 1), many of the fast foods contain a lot of carbohydrate and fat, but not somuch vitamin or Dietary fiber. Especially when you eat them in a invalid combination andfrequency. What should be emphasized here is that fast food itself doesn’t matter much.
According to CARDIA [Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults] in which
3,031 white and African American men and women who are in the range of 18 to 30 years
old were the subject, people who eat fast food, such as hamburgers, pizza, fried chicken has ahigher risk of obesity and insulin resistance, which would lead them to the onset of type2
diabetes.
However, I couldn’t find a clear relationship between frequency and obesity in othercountries but America. For example, according to CHART4, Japan has the second largest
number of McDonald’s, but the obesity ratio in Japan is not so high. Nevertheless, generally
speaking, a biased diet style leads people to more easily growing fat.

CHART4(from https://gigazine.net/)

※left:CHART5 right:CHART6

The countries involved in this data are Japan, Korea, theU.K., America, and Australia. From
CHART6, it is hard to find common points.
CHART5 is specialized in the amount of dietary fiber. The “criterion”used in the chart is“Ideal value with a view to preventing lifestyle-related diseases”. Though the lowest is that ofAmerica, even the country with the highest intake, Korea, didn’t reach the ideal value.
Therefore, I think we can incorporate more dietary fiber.
By the way, according to the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare,2020), the target amounts are 21g or more per day for men aged 18-64
and 20g or more for those aged 65 and older, and 18g or more per day for women aged 18-64
and 17g or more for those aged 65 and older.This figure is a little lower, so it can be said
many countries above but America have already achieved the minimum amount, from thisperspective.
Next, I’ll write about ②easy to be accepted by people.
“There is a "reward system" in the brain. This is the name of the mechanism, not the part ofthe brain.
When we eat a meal and think that the food tastes good, our brain releases a substance called"dopamine," which is responsible for pleasure. This makes the brain want to eat more. Thissequence of events is called the reward system.
Our brains are equipped with a mechanism that makes us want to eat more when we eat
something tasty. This is one of the reasons why we want to eat more high-calorie foods!”[Translated with DeepL.com (free version)]（中野,2019）
As it is said in this paragraph, a system called “reward system” exists in the human brain, so
we instinctively seek high-calorie food. Also, in the long term, the environment in whichhumans have survived was not very related to fat and carbohydrates,so the characteristics toprefer high calorie food with much fat and carbohydrates can apply to most of us.
Taking these into consideration, I thought keeping people far from fast food or something
like that aren’t very good solutions.
〈measures〉○to obesity
In Mexico, tax on high calorie foods, such as soft drinks and fast food, came into
being.Because of this, consumption of high calorie food declined by several %A fast food shop displayed calories on the menu.As a result, customer’s calorie intake waslowered.
○to nutrition
The Japanese ”food balance guide” made by the ministry of agriculture, forestry and fisheries
and the ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and MyPlte.gov made in America arerepresentative examples.

（MAFF)（U.S.departement of agriculture）
After all,the main elements I think will be obstacles to avoid obesity are biased nutritious
balance caused by European-American eating habits;eating diet containing much fat,carbohydrate, and sugars, lack of dietary fiber and vegetables,difficulties to alter the preference of biased nutrition, and lack of nutrition knowledge.
I came up with an idea to create a system to coordinate the components of daily food andmake it automatically possible to keep the balance of nutritions for the consumers. Here is thebrief explanation:
For the first step, sort the food sold in stores into some nutritious groups, like the”foodbalance guide” made by the Japanese ministry of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. Next,
make some simple marks like MyPlates.gov, such as a blue square, pink circle, and make itcorrespond to each group, and put it on each commodity. The third step is to consider an ideal
combination of the marks and make it understandable for consumers. Finally, consumers
choose some marked foods using the criteria in the third step as a reference. Then, thecombination of their food is naturally good for their health and well-balanced.
From the fact that showing calories on the menu has a certain effect to prevent people fromordering too much, I thought that by displaying nutritious information visually and more
understandable and making it prevail, the effect of making more people, including those withless nutritional comprehension, to be conscious of nutritious balance might be able to be
expected.
In addition to that, it’s just an idea, but I thought about adding more dietary fiber to school
lunch because many people eat it in common.
Conclusion
I want to make people prevent obesity by creating a system which shows nutritious
information visually.
However, my data is too scarce to refer to the state of nutrition all over the world and thesolution is neither universal nor concrete, relatively biased to developed countries. Also, I
have no idea how to make my solution accepted. The further challenge is to gather morereferences about more regions.
References
https://www.pen-online.jp/article/008333.html

「お金がない人ほど肥満が多い⁉ “お金に縁がない人”の食生活の深刻すぎる「特徴」」
https://tokuteikenshin-hokensidou.jp/news/2022/010869.php「世界肥満デー 肥満者の努力だけではコントロールできない 誤解や偏見に"思いやり"で対策」
https://samoakiblog.com/obesity-reasons/https://ja.wfp.org/stories/feimantojienosheniguanxi
肥満と飢餓の「深い関係」」
CIA「The World Factbook」( 2016)
https://www.nhk.or.jp/kenko/atc_866.html「肥満の原因とは？肥満の人は「ある腸内細菌」が少ない」
https://wellmethod.jp/mykinso/#1-3
https://www.nibiohn.go.jp/eiken/kenkounippon21/foreign/kijun.html
国立健康・栄養研究所（2023）「食物摂取基準の概要」
https://www.waseda.jp/top/news/39021
https://sports.yahoo.co.jp/column/detail/201911200011-spnavido
中野卓（2019）「なぜ高カロリーなものほど食べたくなる？糖質と脂質がアレを刺激していた」
https://seikatsusyukanbyo.com/calendar/2017/009383.php「一般社団法人 日本生活習慣病予防協会」
https://www.ssf.or.jp/ssf_eyes/international/usa/20170202.html
鎌田 真光（2017）「身体活動量の地域間格差 ～地方でアクティブ人口を増やす取り組み～」
https://www.bbc.com/japanese/40578921
BBC NEWS JAPAN（2017）「世界で一番運動しない国は……活動格差がポイント」
https://mhlab.jp/
https://dm-net.co.jp/calendar/2019/029010.php「「ファストフード」は健康的になったか？ 糖尿病や肥満にも影響 30年間の調査の結果」（
2019）
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551660/figure/article-35266.image.f1/?report=obje
ctonlyBMI chart with obesity classifications adopted from the WHO 1998 report. Contributed by
the World Health Organization - "Report of a WHO consultation on obesity. Obesity
Preventing and Managing a Global Epidemic."
https://www.nibiohn.go.jp/

「国立研究開発法人 医薬基盤・健康・栄養研究所」
https://www.tyojyu.or.jp/「公益財団法人 長寿科学振興財団」
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/balance_guide/
農林水産省
https://column.asken.jp/blue_circle/blue_circle-15936/
あすけん（2022）「何をどれだけ食べたらいい？アメリカの食事ガイド「マイ・プレート」」
https://honkawa2.sakura.ne.jp/0200.html「社会実情データ実録」

How Not to Regret~Keep Japan from missiles~
5323 Aoi Nakamura

Abstract
The reason I chose this research theme is that recently there have been many reports on
TV news about missiles flying from North Korea, and I thought that this might be a problem
that Japan must solve with higher priority than COVID-19. I initially wanted to solve thediplomatic problem to avoid receiving missiles from North Korea, but as I researched, I
learned that North Korea's reason for the missile attack on the Japanese side was not a direct
intention toward Japan, and from then on, I changed my research objective to "In order forJapan not to be victimized by missiles from North Korea even if it is exposed to them.” I
gathered information from the Internet and TV news, and conducted research with the aim of
spreading the public's knowledge on how to deal with the future missile situation from North
Korea in Japan.
This study was based on the research question, "How would we survive if a missile from
North Korea fell on Japan?" I believe that the most important issue for Japan to solve today is
the missile problem rather than the corona problem. This is because the most serious damage
that could be caused by a missile falling on the mainland of Japan. However, although
missiles are launched on a daily basis, we have come to feel that it is a matter of course thatno damage occurs, and our sense of crisis has only grown weaker. The purpose of this study
is to raise awareness of the danger of missiles.
1.Introduction
How many times has Japan
been hit by missiles by North
Korea? Furthermore, what would
happen if a missile fell on Japan?
There is a great possibility thatpeople will die. No matter how
safe Japan is, I think Japan has asoft spot regarding the missile
situation from North Korea. I
believe that Japan will not reflect
on the situation until it is hit by amissile. In fact, Japan has taken various disaster countermeasures against earthquakes since
the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, but these are also after-the-fact policies. In otherwords, does Japan reflect on its actions and develop countermeasures after a missile strike?
No. Japan should have learned to "reflect" through the Great East Japan Earthquake and otherdisasters. I was wondering what Japan should do today to prevent the deaths that could havebeen prevented by the missiles. Japan's current countermeasures against missiles are shown in
the figure above. In words, if a missile were to fly toward Japan, it would be destroyed bybombers from Aegis ships over Japanese waters before it fell. Certainly, this is a good

countermeasure because early detection and early response are of utmost importance when amissile flies over, but the fact is that on October 4, 2022, a missile from North Korea passed
over Japan and fell into the Pacific Ocean (see figure on the right).While the system shownon the above exists, I believe that it should not have been the most important one. In view ofthis situation, I suppose that Japan should prioritize policies on how Japanese people can
avoid damage from missiles rather than policies on how to prevent missiles from striking
Japan. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Defense responds to every missilethat comes flying (from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' website, "We once again strongly
urge North Korea to immediately and fully implement the relevant UN Security Council
resolutions. We also take this opportunity to urge North Korea to take concrete action toward
a comprehensive resolution of its abduction, nuclear, missile, and other concerns".) but, thisdoes not mean that the North Korean missiles have stopped flying just because Japan has
responded. In other words, the fact is that Japan's response has not been successful.
Therefore, I would like the government to first give priority to explaining the contents ofevacuation orders and other measures to prevent damage, "the public's response after a
J-Alert in the event of a missile flight. Many lawmakers and others have posted on social
networking services about what to do in the event of a missile flight, and there are many
examples of such posts being spread, but Japan must have learned through the Great East
Japan Earthquake that this alone is not enough to prevent damage, so the government must
provide correct information through cabinet resolutions. Therefore, we believe it is very
important for the government to release correct information to the public through SNS andTV, etc.
2. Discussion
First, I posted what a ballistic
missile is and an explanation
about the flight distance of eachtype of missile is shown in the
figure on the right.
At the beginning of this study, I
did a survey of how many
missiles North Korea haslaunched in the past few years
and found the results as shown in
the figure on the right (according
to the information from the
Ministry of Defense). This was
taken from an article in the
Nihon Keizai Shimbun in Juneof this year, and it can be readthat as of June, the mostmissiles have been launched in
the last few years. Next to thegraph shows how many missiles were launched in 2022 alone (according to the Ministry of
Defense). We can see that in November of this year alone, more missiles were launched than
the total number of missiles launched in 2019. This indicates that North Korea has conducted
more missile tests in the past few months than it has ever done before. But why did North
Korea want to conduct so many missile launch tests in the past few months? The following
explanation was posted on the BBC News YouTube channel as thinkable information. First ofall, the Yun administration in South Korea has been deepening its military cooperation with
the U.S. this year, especially since the summer, which is no doubt a great threat to North
Korea, which is in a confrontational relationship with the U.S. It was explained that North
Korea has been launching many missiles in recent days to counter what seems to be a
provocation by that South Korea against North Korea. In other words, what we can learn
from this is that the purpose of North Korea's missile launches is irrelevant to Japan.From
this, I came to the conclusion that Japan should have a policy not "how to prevent Japan fromlaunching missiles," but "how to make Japan suffer zero damage even if a missile islaunched”.
3. Conclusion
There are two main issues that I believe need to be addressed. The first is for thegovernment to instruct the public on the correct way to evacuate from missiles. Currently, theCabinet's website has a Q&A section on how to evacuate from North Korean missiles, but not
everyone looks there. Therefore, I believe that the first thing the Cabinet should do is to
publicize the correct evacuation method and spread the information on TV and SNS, etc. In
addition, schools and other institutions should conduct evacuation drills as part of theirevacuation training. Another issue is to make efforts to gather more knowledge about missiles
among the public, as there are many posts on SNS saying "J-Alert went off again”. I hopethat by presenting my research, people will reaffirm their awareness of the missile crisis.
4.References
・Image 北朝鮮 なぜこんなにミサイル撃つ？ 思惑は 【11月24日改訂版】(2023.4)
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/special/international_news_navi/articles/qa/2022/05/25/21100.html
・Image 北朝鮮、ミサイル発射に870億円(2023.4)
https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO61643300R10C22A6EA3000/
・Image 図解 緊迫する北朝鮮の核・ミサイル脅威(2023.6)
https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO20608750R30C17A8000000/
・Missile Launch on October 4(2023.4)
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20221004/k10013847211000.html
・Explanation of missiles from the Ministry of Defense（統合防空ミサイル防衛について）(2023.7)
https://www.mod.go.jp/j/approach/defense/bmd/

Yokai’s Global Expansion
How to spread “Yokai”
5324 Mai Nakayama
1 Abstract
I love yokai.I love yokai. Since I was a child, I have always read books about yokai,
and even now I like yokai so much that I buy art books about them. Therefore, I have been
doing this research since last year to connect my beloved Yokai with the problems of theworld. The purpose of this research is to introduce the wonderful Japanese culture of yokai tothe world and to use yokai to solve problems. At first glance, this may sound difficult, butthere are many problems in the world. This is why I have focused on "depopulation. Like
Japan, the world's population is concentrated in urban areas, and the rural areas are aging andlosing population. From my perspective living in the countryside , there are many attractions
that are not found in urban areas, but people are moving to places where transportation isconvenient and where you are able to buy anything . I think it is a waste because for me thecountryside has a lot of attractions. With this in mind, I decided to use yokai as a way to
attract people to rural areas. I believe that yokai are a part of Japanese culture that we can beproud of. Therefore, I thought it would be a good idea to solve the problem of depopulationand spread yokai at the same time.

2 Introduction
My purpose is “ To solve the problem of depopulation area using the area’s Yokai”.You may think “ Is it possible? Are there already some tourist’s atractions? I know this is adifficult problem ,because I have to change the yokai's image of foreigners.
Also, I feel that young people from depopulated areas do not understand the magnificence of
their hometowns. I feel that they are leaving for the cities not only because of transportationor what kind of stores are available, but because they do not understand how valuable thetraditional arts and activities unique to that area are. To solve this problem, which is not
limited to Japan, I changed my original plan to "monsters of the area" instead of "Japanesemonsters.
3 Discussion and implications
There are many people who can’t move their body as they wish. It is very difficult totreat, but we can show them what we usually see. I want them to see something beautiful.

⇧3D Virtual Visit to Todaiji Temple, a National TreasureThis is a 3D experience that makes you feel as if you are really walking. As you walkaround, orange points appear and you can tap them to read explanations.You can also see thenational treasure, the Great Buddha, which makes for a very satisfying experience.
I think the virtual visit to the temple is a really innovative idea. Because it is virtual,
you can visit the shrine from anywhere in the world, and because it is free, it is easily
accepted by many people. If this technology can be used to create a "virtual yokai tour,"people around the world will become interested in yokai and may even want to enliven theirown hometowns with a similar project.

⇧Illustrations actually drawn by world-renowned VR artist Aimi Sekiguchiup
We believe that VR art technology can send yokai into the real world with vivid colors.

4 Conclusion

As I went through this research, I realized the horror of depopulation. Looking at theexamples of actual efforts in Japan, I realized how difficult and important it is to keep thetradition alive, as it is more difficult for local youth to return than it is to attract new people.
Although this research has been ongoing for three years,
The idea of using my beloved yokai to enliven the local community was very interesting, andI would like to continue my personal research to connect yokai with the world.
5 References
https://camp-fire.jp/projects/view/465805
東京北千住の街を妖怪道中で盛り上げるための神輿(ガシャドクロ)をつくりたい 5/22
https://www.kyoto-saga.ac.jp/web_magazine/saganikki/11836
妖怪藝術団体百妖箱が妖怪仮装行列をプロデュース 5/22
https://otonoke-enoke.jimdo.com/%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%A6%
96%E6%80%AA%E5%B1%95/
西洋妖怪展 音ノ怪 絵ノ怪 9/17
https://www.atago-jinja.com/virtual/
ヴァーチャル参拝 愛宕神社 9/17
https://www.todaiji.or.jp/virtual/3dpvr/todaiji.html
東大寺3Dバーチャル参拝 9/17
https://www.makesense2020.info/amabie
アマビエチャレンジ 4/16
https://www.creativevillage.ne.jp/lp/aimi_sekiguchi/
https://www.nhk.or.jp/meicho/famousbook/34_toono/index.html
NHK 100分で名著 柳田國男11/3
https://cir.nii.ac.jp/articles?q=Yokai
CiNii 妖怪論文 3/18
https://spirits4.muragon.com/entry/235.html
muragon 妖怪さんに会おう 3/18

Measures Against Reducing Plastics
Raising environmental awareness5325 Nishiyama Yua
Abstract
The enforcement of the plastic bag fee system worked out in Japan on July 1st, 2020.
I researched the distribution amount of plastic and I found that it decreased by half. However,I don’t know if plastic waste really decreased, so I want to research the effect of the plastic
bag fee system and reduce plastic waste. As a way to do this, I looked into foreign measuresand found a deposit system. I thought this was a good way to reduce plastic waste.
However, there are several reasons why this system has not been adopted in Japan, and I
thought it would be difficult to establish this system. It is difficult to solve this problem, so I
think of another measure. It is to label less bottles. Through these measures, I think we canreduce plastic waste, but it is not possible to use only one bottle because of the law. In one
case with cardboard, we need not write brand name and recycling mark about each bottle.
Research will be conducted into measures to solve these problems and reduce plastic waste.
1.Introduction
I want to reveal the effect of the plastic bag fee system and how we can labelless plastic
bottles.
According to the Ministry of the Economy trade and industry, the reason for the plastic bag
fee system is “to encourage consumers to change their lifestyles, such as bringing their own
bags, by charging for plastic shopping bags as a first step toward solving the marine plastic
waste problem and global warming ”The study will also examine whether consumers'
lifestyles are changing mentioned above.
I researched and collected some information by using the Internet.
2.Discussion and implications
There are many advantages to reducing plastic waste.
First, reducing carbon dioxide.
Second, suppressing environmental pollution.
Third, reducing the use of fossil fuels.
Plastics are made from fossil fuels. Compared to plastic bags, eco bags reduce fifty times
more carbon dioxide than plastic bags.
However, eco bags have a demerit.
The demand for plastic bags is increasing because they can’t receive plastic bags for freewhen they are shopping. Some people use plastic bags as garbage bags, so they must buy it.
Also, Plastic bags can be made in the process of making oil, so garbage bags are not bad forthe environment in the manufacturing process.
3.Conclusion

The plastic bag fee system led to increasing people’s awareness, but looking at itcomprehensively, I can’t declare that we can reduce it.
In addition, the disadvantages of eco-bags were that they emit a lot of pollutants during
production and that they increase the number of plastic bag purchasers.
Therefore, some people think that plastic bags are more eco-friendly than eco-bags.
One reason is that plastic bags can be produced when oil is being refined.
Second,it can be used as garbage bags. For this reason, many think that plastic bags are more
eco-friendly than eco-bags.
Also, I found a deposit system. This system is that a deposit is charged when buying bottles
and PET bottles, and the deposit is returned when the bottles or PET bottles are returned.
I think that we should implement this system. However, it is difficult to carry out because toincorporate a deposit system, all bottled PET products would need to be changed to a deposit
price, otherwise it is very likely that they will not be bought.
Label less bottles can not use only one bottle. In one case with cardboard, we need not write
brand name and recycling mark about each bottle. In the course of my research, I considered
measures aimed at "reducing" plastic waste, but I thought that reducing the amount of plastic
produced in the first place would be a fundamental solution.That means reusing
containers.They are sold in glass bottles rather than plastic bottles, which the purchaser
returns after use, and the manufacturer fills the container. In this way, they can be used
repeatedly and the amount of waste is reduced. An example is the returnable bottle of Pocari
Sweat. I thought that if this system spread, the amount of waste would be significantly
reduced, but if we did not create a system whereby containers are always returned, we would
only end up manufacturing more bottles. In addition, it is not possible to convert all
containers to reusable containers, as is the case in Germany, where the use of reusable
containers is required by law.
4.References「プラスチック問題とは？プラスチックごみがもたらす影響や家庭でできる取り組みなどを解説」
https://onl.sc/ZYd2CQZ （2022年5月23日）「海洋プラスチックごみ問題とは？日本や海外の取り組み、私たちができることを解説」
https://onl.sc/Ztkp5Tx （2022年5月23日）「アサヒ飲料、完全ラベルレスペットボトル。レーザーマーキングで直接印字」 https://onl.sc/EuJNfYS （2022年5月23日）「【トレたま】ラベル不要のペットボトル」
https://onl.sc/eDGaUDg （2022年5月23日）「ラベルレス飲料が一気に拡大、環境と利便性で支持、店頭展開も本格化へ」 https://onl.sc/EEeYvsz （2022年5月30日）
レジ袋有料化は「エコ」じゃない...?日本人は知らない「不都合な事実」
https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/75287 （2022年6月20日）
世界と日本のプラスチックゴミの現状
https://www.mymizu.co/blog-ja/eco-with-kanae-state-of-plastic-waste-japan-world （2022年10月）
プラスチックごみの7割を占めるのは容器包装 脱・過剰包装でごみ軽減へ
https://onl.la/BrNvV87
今、なぜプラスチック問題が注目されているのか
https://www.mri.co.jp/knowledge/column/20181221.html （2022年10月）
ボトル9割回収へ、欧州の脱プラ指令とは
https://www.alterna.co.jp/33709/2/ （2022年10月）
ラベルレスボトルのメリット・デメリット〜知らないと法律違反？
https://manabow.club/rabellessbottle/ （2022年11月）

「紙レジ袋製造会社の本音「ポリ袋、実はエコ」その理由に納得
https://grapee.jp/842916 （2022年11月）
ペットボトルごみを削減する「デポジット制度」とは？
https://magazine/oceans/marine_pollution/plastic_garbaラベルレスボトルのメリット・デメリット〜知らないと法律違反？
https://manabow.club/rabellessbottle/ （2022年11月）「紙容器」「ペットボトルに直接印字」…展示会で脱プラ提案があふれ始めた
https://newswitch.jp/p/21235 （2022年11月）
アルミ缶及びペットボトルの表示に関する資源有効利用促進法の省令一部改正について
https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/recycle/main/admin_info/law/02/steel_alumi_pet.html/（2022年12月）
PETボトルリサイクル推進協議会 広報誌
https://www.petbottle-rec.gr.jp/ring/vol34/p09.html （2022年12月5日）
環境と安全
http://glassbottle.org/ecology/returnable/ （2022年12月9日）

Implementing the MaaS Model in Japan
Improving the convenience of transportation and life services
ID 5326 氏名 Hyono Mao
Abstract
A lot of people use cars in many countries. Cars are very convenient because we can go todestinations easily, but cars emit a lot of carbon dioxide, and they are not good for theenvironment. Through my research last year, I learned about MaaS and I was interested in it.
According to the research on the internet, MaaS can increase the percentage of the use of
public transportations and decrease the use of private cars. I think it leads to achieving SDGs
number 13 “Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts” to advance the
MaaS services in the world.
To solve the local problems is included in MaaS services, so I think the MaaS services lead toachieving SDGs number 11 “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient andsustainable”.
I set the research question “What kind of ideas are needed to make the services easy to use
for people of various generations?” And I formed a hypothesis for this research question:“Make various planes and systems which take not only transportations services but also life
services plants.”
In this research, I collected information from the internet. After collecting information, I
thought about the program that we have to do to solve some problems.
I searched about Whim, a MaaS service in Finland. I knew that Whim provided search,reservation, and payment in a single package.It has some kinds of charge plans. I thought it isa good thing to use this system in Japan. And I thought that Japan needs to make a system
which is easy to use for elderly people without using the internet to get elderlies return theirdriver license.
I knew that the use of quick commerce had increased. One of the benefits of cars is that cars
can carry a lot of things at once. So I thought people can choose not to own a car if they cansave the trouble of carrying what they bought. And I hope to create a service that works withquick commerce services and allows MaaS users to use quick commerce at a low price.
As for MaaS pricing , I thought it would be better to prepare three plans: monthly, daily , andpay each time. Next, as a solution to make it easier for the elderly to use, I hope to make asystem where people can use cards. As for how to use public transportation after paying withthe app, I am thinking of a form that can be used by touching a smartphone or card at the
ticket gate or entrance. Suica and others are now available in that way, so I think it ispossible.
As for quick commerce, there is not enough information to gather, for example, how far
delivery can be done and how much pricing is optimized, so I would like to look into it
further in the future research.
There are three problems in the future research. First is how to deal with areas where public
transportation is underdeveloped.

Second, we will further collect information and consider the specific structure of MaaS
services.
Third, I would like to think about the specific structure of quick commerce and how tointegrate it with MaaS.
1 Introduction
A large percentage of the use of transportation in Japan is cars. According to the data from
the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in 2015, use of cars is 45.1% on weekdays
and 61.7% on weekends. Cars emit a lot of carbon dioxide, so it becomes the cause ofenvironmental pollution. By using electric cars and eco cars, we can reduce emission ofcarbon dioxide but the penetration rate of them is low. I thought the best way to decrease theemission of carbon dioxide is to use public transport more often. Last year, I researchedabout the share cycle, and at a Research institution visit, I learned about MaaS, so I wasinterested in MaaS. I searched about MaaS on the internet, and I realized that MaaS service
was carried out in foreign countries. According to the instance of MaaS, I understood someeffect that MaaS causes. It is that the proportion of use of public transportation increased andthe percentage of use of private cars decreased. From this information, by progressing the
MaaS service in Japan, we can reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and achieve the SDGs
number 13 “Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts”.
And MaaS service’s purposes are not only to improve convenience of transportation, but also
to improve the convenience of life services. So I was going to think of a way to solve theproblem in Japan by doing some services to improve the convenience of transportation. And I
set the goal to improve the convenience of transportation and life services. In addition, byincreasing the convenience of transportation and progressing to solve some local problems,
we can achieve SDGs number 11 “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,
resilient and sustainable”.
I have three purposes for this research. First is to progress the MaaS services and increase theconvenience of movement. In addition, I want to solve the environmental problems byincreasing the use of public transportations. Second is to think about the services whichelderly people can use easily and to promote to return them driver’s licenses. Third is toimprove the life services by putting the MaaS services to practical use.
I set the research question. It is, “What kind of ideas do we need to make a plan that peopleof various generations can use easily and comfortably.” And I formed a hypothesis for thisresearch question: “Make various planes and systems which take not only transportations
services but also life services plants.” MaaS is a service which has two axes: to improve theconvenience of transportation and solve local problems. I set two goals: to make public
transportation more convenient and to promote returning the elderly driver’s licenses tosolve the local problems. By adding the Quick commas services, it can decrease theopportunities that elderly drivers go shopping, and we can promote return licenses. And
Quick commas services are also convenient for people who have children.
I collect information mainly from the internet. I collect information about the following
contents.

Out line

Examination contents

Reference Information①Overseas examples

Search about the services,
What MaaS services are carried mainly about Whim which is heldout abroad?
in Helsinki, Finland on theinternet.

②Reserch about the present
situation

What are the present situations
and problems in Japan?

③The ways to solve problems

Analyze current problems inJapan and think of some
What solutions can we come up
solutions to solve thesewith to solve current problems?
problems by building on the datacollected from the internet.

④ Send to abroad

How solutions can be utilized in
the world and how to sendsolutions to the world?

Search for details about public
transportation and private cars.
And analyze the present
problems from the date.

Search about similar points
between Japan and abroad.
Spread solutions based onJapan to countries which have
similar problems with Japan.

2 Discussion and implications
I searched about Whim, a MaaS
service in Finland. I knew that
Whim provides search,reservation, and payment in asingle package.It has some kindsof charge plans. I thought it is agood thing to use this system inJapan. And I thought that Japanneeds to make a system which iseasy to use for elderly people without using the internet to get elderly return their driver
license. But using apps is difficult for elderly people, so I need to make a system that elderly
people can use easily without the internet.
About life services, I knew about
Quick commerce. It is a service
which delivers groceries and daily
products which were ordered online.
Delivery service’s demand increased
due to the coronavirus
pandemic.One of the characteristics
is that it delivers products more
quickly than Internet Shopping. Oneof the merits of cars is that it can
carry a lot of baggage, so when we go shopping, using cars is more convenient than using

public transportation. Then, if we can omit labor to carry baggage, we can choose the choicethat we don’t have a private car. So I think it would be great if MaaS could be combined with
Quick commerce service to create a service that allows MaaS users to use Quick commerce
service at a low price.
3 Conclusion
As for MaaS pricing , I thought it would be better to prepare three plans: monthly, daily ,and pay each time. Monthly is good for users who use public transportation every day. Daily
is good for users who often use public transportation, for example, only on holidays. As forthe specific pricing, I think it would be better if the annual maintenance cost and Aso line
cost of the car were set as standard and that the one-year monthly fee would be cheaper if you
owned a car. I think that makes it easier to choose not to own a car. Next, as a solution to
make it easier for the elderly to use, I hope to make a system where people can use cards. As
for how to use public transportation after paying with the app, I am thinking of a form thatcan be used by touching a smartphone or card at the ticket gate or entrance. Suica and others
are now available in that way, so I think it is possible.
Regarding Quick Commerce service,I am planning to create a system in which the distancetraveled and the number of times the user uses the app will be rewarded with points. Then,
when ordering products using the Quick Commerce service, the points will be used to receive
discounts on products. In addition, I would like to offer a returnable service within the Quick
Commerce service. Returnable service is an eco-friendly initiative that utilizes returnablecontainers. A returnable container is a container that is returned or collected after the contents
are consumed, cleaned, and used again. Since Quick Commerce is a home delivery service,
the containers can be returned simply by leaving them in front of the house for collection
But there is not enough information to gather, such as how far delivery can be done and how
much pricing is optimized, so I would like to look into it further in the future research.
There are three problems in the future research. First is how to deal with areas where public
transportation is underdeveloped. MaaS service requires public transportation, so there aresome areas that are currently difficult to proceed.
Second, we will further collect information and consider the specific structure of MaaS
services. As for the pricing, I think it would be good if we could set the price lower than thatannual cost of a private car and make it a little cheaper as the use of public transportation
increases.
Third, I would like to think about the specific structure of quick commerce and how tointegrate it with MaaS.
4 References「未来シェアとヴァル研究所、MaaS分野で業務提携」＜https://www.atpress.ne.jp/news/168383＞（5月5日）「MaaS先進国フィンランドの交通事情とは？Whimの特徴も紹介」＜https://digital-shift.jp/flash_news/s_201130_22＞（5月9日）「オンデマンドバスとは？」＜https://maas.osakametro.co.jp/odb/about/＞（5月9日）「Ubigo |」＜https://maasification.com/applications/by-application/ubigo/＞（5月31日）「わが国で MaaS を導入する上での 重要な2つの視点」＜https://www.mizuho-rt.co.jp/publication/report/2019/pdf/mhir18_maas.pdf＞（6月20日）「総務省｜情報通信統計データベース｜次世代の交通 MaaS」＜https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/02tsushin02_04000045.html＞（6月20日）「MaaS （モビリティ・アズ・ア・サービス) について」＜https://www.mlit.go.jp/pri/kikanshi/pdf/2018/69_1.pdf＞（9月13日）
公共交通の利用が増えて車の利用が減れば事故が減る？
＜https://car-me.jp/articles/5352?p=2＞（12月19日）「ヘルシンキの公共交通機関【HSL】を乗りこなそう／トラム・地下鉄・市バス | あおいとりっぷ」＜https://aoitrip.jp/hsl/＞（12月19日）「【現地取材】MaaSを世界初導入したフィンランド・ヘルシンキの交通事情 ―MaaS最先端
都市ヘルシンキ編① | トヨタ自動車のクルマ情報サイト‐GAZOO」＜https://gazoo.com/mobility/maas/helsinki/20/02/14/＞（12月19日）「【現地取材】スマホ1つで乗り放題。MaaSアプリ「Whim」を使ってみたーMaaS最先端都市
ヘルシンキ編② | トヨタ自動車のクルマ情報サイト‐GAZOO」＜https://gazoo.com/mobility/maas/helsinki/20/02/15/＞（12月19日）「【現地取材】MaaSを生み出したヘルシンキの先進企業「MaaS Global社」」＜https://gazoo.com/mobility/maas/helsinki/20/02/16/＞（12月19日）「【現地取材】MaaS Global社創業者に聞く！ 日本版MaaS実現に向けた課題―MaaS最先
端都市ヘルシンキ編④ | トヨタ自動車のクルマ情報サイト‐GAZOO」＜https://gazoo.com/mobility/maas/helsinki/20/02/18/＞（12月19日）「【現地取材】1年半のスピード法改正！ MaaS関連の法律を一元化したフィンランドーMaaS
最先端都市ヘルシンキ編⑤ | トヨタ自動車のクルマ情報サイト‐GAZOO」＜https://gazoo.com/mobility/maas/helsinki/20/02/19/＞（12月19日）「【現地取材】民間の交通事業者や過疎化の進む地域にもメリットをもたらすMaaS―MaaS
最先端都市ヘルシンキ編⑥ | トヨタ自動車のクルマ情報サイト‐GAZOO」＜https://gazoo.com/mobility/maas/helsinki/20/02/20/＞（12月19日）「【現地取材】住まいとの連携や交通渋滞、駐車場不足の解決も。移動の効率化にとどまらないMaaSの発展性―MaaS最先端都市ヘルシンキ編⑦ | トヨタ自動車のクルマ情報サイト‐
GAZOO」＜https://gazoo.com/mobility/maas/helsinki/20/02/21/＞（12月19日）「【現地取材】ヘルシンキで聞いてみた。「トヨタってどんなイメージ？」―MaaS最先端都市
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都市ヘルシンキ編① | トヨタ自動車のクルマ情報サイト‐GAZOO」

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最先端都市ヘルシンキ編⑤ | トヨタ自動車のクルマ情報サイト‐GAZOO」＜https://gazoo.com/mobility/maas/helsinki/20/02/19/＞（12月19日）「【現地取材】民間の交通事業者や過疎化の進む地域にもメリットをもたらすMaaS―MaaS
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To Decrease The Number of Marine Plastic Garbage~To increase the rate of recycling by the deposit system~
5327 Ryusei Fukasawa
Abstract
These days, I often watch some TV shows and news about SDGs. I am especiallyinterested in the problem of marine plastic garbage. So I conducted this research. The methodof it was mainly to use the internet and to consider the information from the internet. My
research question was “Can we introduce the deposit system in Japan?”. As a result, thedeposit system is conducted in Germany where the rate of recycling is high. I think thatsystem can be introduced in Japan. Furthermore, the company in Japan, LOOP, has alreadyconducted the demonstration experiment in the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. For thesefacts, I consider some solutions for the problems about customers. For example, I suggest the
explanation of the deposit system by using movies or applications. From now on, I want to
ask the Tokyo metropolitan Government the reason why they do not conduct the deposit
system now and find more problems that need to be solved based on some demonstration
experiments in Japan or foreign countries.
1 Introduction
The reason why I set my research theme,”to decrease the number of marine plastic
garbage”, is that I was interested in the environmental problem. Recently, I feel that the
number of TV shows and news about SDGs is increasing. So I decided to set the theme about“LIFE BELOW WATER” in SDGs.
The reason why I set my research sub theme, “To increase the rate of recycling by thedeposit system”, is that I found that the deposit system has a good effect on improvement of
the rate of recycling. The deposit system is the system in which is added to the sales price andis returned when some containers of goods are returned. For example, customers must pay an
extra 10 yen when they buy one plastic bottle for 100 yen. This is because that 10 yen means
deposit. By taking an empty plastic bottle back to the shop where they bought it, they can getthat 10 yen.
Germany, whose rate ishigh, has begun the deposit
system since 2003. Then,
according to chart 1(made by
the Japanese government)
and 2( made by myself), it
can be seen that the recovery
rate of all of the beveragecontainers in 2003 greatly
exceeded that of 2002. Also,that system has already been
introduced in Norway whose
rate of recycling is about
97%. For these facts, it canbe estimated that the deposit system can promote the improvement of the recovery rate.
Therefore, I think that this system can be spreaded worldwide and the rate ofrecycling can increase around the world.
2 Discussion and implications
At first, I thought about my research question, “Can we introduce the deposit system
in Japan?”. Then I investigated the merits and demerits of the deposit system. I found somemerits and demerits of it so I summarized them and my ideas. It had two merits.
First, the deposit system was an effective security system. Of course, those who did
not return some containers made a loss for deposit money. That system could distinguishbetween those who cooperated with the deposit system and those who did not.
Second, that system had a good effect on the environment. This was because
containers returned by the deposit system were recycled.
It had two demerits.
First, the deposit system was expensive to implement. For example, it had some cost
for a place where returned containers were stored and taken to a recycling center.
Second, people went to a place that was not introduced from a place that introduced
the deposit system. That is because the deposit system may take much time for customers toreturn the containers.
Moreover, a demonstration experiment including the deposit system had already been
conducted in Hachijo-cho, the Tokyo metropolitan Government for two years. This
experiment put 10 yen as deposit in stores in Hachijo-cho. As a result, the recycling rateincreased by about 45 %. However, I could not find other experiments like that on theinternet.
Therefore, I examined not tackles by public organizations in some regions but tackles
by private enterprises. Consequently, “LOOP” , a Japanese company, had much to do withinitiatives about introducing the deposit system.
“LOOP” is a company that promotes the introduction of the new shopping system.
The new shopping system is about three steps. First, containers are replaced with strong
materials that can be used repeatedly. Second, those containers are collected from customers
by using the deposit system. Third, the shopping mall or store washes those containers toreuse. A lot of Japanese companies including EON, Suntory, and Kirin participate in that
initiative. the Tokyo metropolitan Government takes part in, too. That shopping system has
about three features compared to the deposit system. The first is that the deposit is more than
100 yen. The second is that customers can use the deposit as electric money when they use
the LOOP exclusive app. Third is that there are some differences in sales formats, deposits,
and return methods depending on the company.
It has some good points and challenges for companies and their customers to promotethat initiative. First of all, I will introduce two good points to companies. The first point isthat it will benefit the company in the long run. As I mentioned above, LOOP thinks that a lotof companies make new strong containers that can be used many times so that plastic
containers will decrease. It costs them to make those containers. However, in the long run, it
is cheaper to repeatedly use new strong containers than to continue producing plastic
containers. The second is that the initiatives to promote that shopping system finally leads toenvironmental improvement so that they will play a big role in the corporate social
contribution.
Next, I will introduce three challenges based on the questionnaire to companies heldby the Tokyo metropolitan Government. That questionnaire had been conducted to a lot ofcompanies for four months.
According to chart 3 (made by the Tokyo metropolitan
Government), all companies answer to consider changing toreusable containers positively. However, I think there are threechallenges for companies. First, chart 4 (made by the Tokyo
metropolitan Government) says that 40% of respondents areworried about controlling no longer used containers. Also,
30% of respondents are worried about the quality of washingcontainers. The second is, in developing new containers,
companies are concerned about whether
they can carry on the good qualities ofplastic containers. Third is that the
production cost will increase due toputting washing machines and developing
new containers. The Tokyo metropolitan
Government says that they will consider
solutions to these three problems.
Moreover, the Tokyo metropolitan
Government suggests concrete solutions
about production
cost and washing problems. Therefore, I think that companies should solve problems ofdeveloping new containers.
Next, I consider some good points and challenges for customers. Good points include
the elimination of waste disposal and the ease of use of new containers.
I consulted about some challenges that remain solved for customers. Then, I foundthat the demonstration experiment about the deposit system was conducted by the Tokyo
metropolitan Government and LOOP. This experiment, LOOP Takeout Bento, was conducted
at two restaurants in the office building in the Tokyo metropolitan Government from
December 7, 2020 to February 3, 2021. Those two restaurants sold takeout bento using
reusable containers. I consider the problems that need to be solved for customers based on its
report. At first, as a result of that experiment, their customers said about 4 things. They
wanted to pay 300 yen as a deposit. Also, they wanted sealed containers. They wanted
companies to explain the methods of washing and returning processes clearly and theirsanitary management. Therefore, I think that understanding (clarity and ease ofunderstanding) of the deposit system to customers would be an important issue.
Given the above, I think that there are some problems for each company andcustomers in the introduction of the deposit system. I think that the development ofcontainers would be a challenge for companies. Also, I think that understanding of thedeposit system would be for customers. However, in the aforementioned demonstration
experiment (“LOOP Takeout Bento”), the Tokyo metropolitan Government proposed manysolutions for companies problems, such as the development of containers and cost increase.
So, I decided to give priority to the customer’s problems.
If those problems are solved, Japan will be able to make a big profit. First, theJapanese recycling rate will be increased by the introduction of the deposit system. Moreover,Japan will decrease the marine plastic garbage and make progress toward solving the problemof marine plastic trash.
3 Conclusion
My research question was “Can we introduce the deposit system in Japan?”. In
conclusion, I think that it is possible to introduce the system of deposit in Japan. In order todo so, it needs to cooperate LOOP with administrative organizations. However, there aresome significant problems for both companies and customers.
A main issue on the corporate side, as I mentioned above, is about costs including thedevelopment of containers and washing them. Yet, this problem may be solved in the near
future, because the Tokyo metropolitan Government suggests some solutions to it.
A main issue on the customer side, according to “LOOP Takeout Bento”, is an
explicit statement about hygiene and methods of washing and returning containers.
Therefore, I decided to solve it by prioritizing understanding (clarity and ease ofunderstanding) for the consumer.
The information customers need before purchasing is about the deposit system andsanitation. Moreover, in the demonstration experiment (“LOOP Takeout Bento”) , there were
no consumers who said that it was difficult for them to comprehend the deposit system.
Therefore, I thought that the explanation of the deposit system should be the same as in thedemonstration experiment. In order to understand it more deeply, stores that sell the products
covered by the deposit system should post advertisements, explain with movies, and put QRof the LOOP application. Furthermore, about hygiene, they should explain what criteria arebeing sold because commodities meet concretely and are understandable through somemovies and advertisements.
The information that customers need is about the methods of washing and returning
containers. In the demonstration experiment, shops put
movies to explain (chart5) and convey them. However, theexplicit statement of washing methods is lacking. I
considered that there was a possibility that consumers forgot
the methods when they went back home. Stores should give apiece of paper with details on how to wash and return tocustomers at the time of purchase. Also, considering theenvironment, they should describe theexplanation understandable on the LOOP application.
In the future, I would like to ask the Tokyo metropolitan
Government the reason why they do not conduct the deposit system now and find more
problems, on the consumer side, that need to be solved based on some demonstration
experiments in Japan or foreign countries. I think that these tackles can spread to countries
that have the same problems.

4 References「Environmental observatory」＜ https://tenbou.nies.go.jp/news/fnews/detail.php?i=30601 > (2022 5/9)
「Why is the waste recycling rate in Japan lower than in Europe?, Kosuke Kawai」< https://www-cycle.nies.go.jp/magazine/kenkyu/202008.html > (2022 6/23)「Germany Inspection Report, Ministry of the Environment」< https://www.env.go.jp/council/36pet-junkan/y360-05/mat02.pdf > (2022 7/14)「Positive and Negative Impacts of the Deposit System - Economic Research Surveys - ,Daisuke Numata」< https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jswme/19/6/19_6_353/_pdf > (2022 9/15)「White Paper on the Environment, Ministry of the Environment」< https://www.env.go.jp/policy/hakusyo/h12/12104.html > (2022 10/18)「What is “LOOP” - Recycling-Oriented Shopping? Initiatives by Japanese companies,
Industrial waste media」< https://sanpai-media.com/column/3267 > (2022 11/22)「Container Reuse Platform “LOOP” Expands Rapidly Worldwide New Business Model
Aimed at Sustainable Society, Japan Food Journal」< https://news.nissyoku.co.jp/news/original2020012403 > (2022 12/8)「LOOP」< https://loopstore.jp/ > (2023 1/23)「LOOP implementation report, The Tokyo metropolitan government」<https://www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/resource/recycle/single_use_plastics/circular_innovat
ion.files/LoopProfessional_report.pdf > (2023 2/13)「Verification of a business model using reusable containers for takeout bento, etc. atrestaurants in office buildings implementation report, The Tokyo metropolitan government」<https://www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/resource/recycle/single_use_plastics/r2_pla_report.fil
es/loop_houkokusyo_r2.pdf > (2023 3/16)

ReSchool Projectto Save Relative Poverty and Food Waste
5328 Yunoa Fujizuka

1.Abstract
One in seven. This number is the number of children who are in relative poverty inJapan. This is about 2,550,000 children. Also, one third of the food that we produce every
year is thrown away in the world. We often call it food waste. There are no benefits for every
perspective when we waste food. To solve the problem of relative poverty, for example inJapan, “Kodomo shokudo” are spreading these days. However, there are some crucial tasks
and it is not sustainable to continue the activity.
To solve the problem of the children who are in relative poverty and about food waste,
I suggest holding the project which I named “ReSchool Project”. “ReSchool” is acombination of “Rescue” and “School”. Rescuing children and their parents at school bygiving the foods that are leftover at lunch which can still be eaten. Children are free to comeevery day, however, adults need to pay 200 yen every lunch. After we collect the 200 yen up
to 1,000,000-5,000,000 yen. The reason is to purchase “Commercial garbage disposal
machine SINKPIA bacteria method extinction type” in each school to make sustainablereduction of food waste. By implementing the project, we can commit to No.1, No.11, No.12
of SDGs.
My research question is “How can we contribute to rescue food waste & relative poverty ?”2.Introduction<backgrounds>
One in seven. This is
the number ofchildren who are in
relative poverty inJapan. This is about
2,550,000 children.
If we think about itin the world,there are
one in five children
who can’t eat full or
healthy foods.
However, in thesame country; Japan,
there are over 6
million tons thatpeople are wasting
every year. According to 2018 by SYSTEM SQUAIR (https://www.system-square.com/en/redu

ce-food-loss-and-waste/ )” For detail, about 324 million tons are discarded from business and 276
million tons are discarded from domestic. And we call those wasted food; “food waste”. For myresearch, I focused on the 324 million tons discarded from business.
For food waste, there are several bad impacts. For example, it will be a waste of time, money andenergy to ship. Also, by filling up the food would need some land. Conclusionary, we can easily saythat increasing food waste can lead to Global Warming.
According to the graph from H25 by DANONE INSTITUTE(https://www.danone-institute.or.jp/mailmagazines/backyear/1124.html)” above, the annual foodwaste per student is 17.2kg. This is the same amount as a 5 year old baby. This data is from the
Ministry of the Environment. And thewhereabouts of the food waste is shown in thegraph below. It is made by the MInistry of theEnvironment.
It can be seen that 38% of food that children
waste is still being burned. Combustion causes

deadly effects to the environment and the earth.
I would like to explain about food waste moredeeply. According to the FAO of the UN, food wasteis, “food appropriate for human consumption being
discarded, whether or not after it is kept beyond its
expiry date or left to spoil.”Also, according to the picture by SYSTEM SQUAIR(https://www.system-square.com/en/reduce-food-loss-and-waste/) left
below, nowadays, in this world there
are ⅓ of the foods that people haveproduced are wasted. It means that 1.3
billion tons per year in the world arewasted even though the farmers
produced food for humanconsumption.
It is likely to assume that all
humans are well enough distributed toeat foods.
However, the reality is not. In
this world in 2022, one in elevenpeople are suffering from chronic
hunger. Reported in 2022 by WELTHUNGER HILFE (https://www.welthungerhilfe.org/hunger)

About 735 million people went hungry
worldwide. People aren’t having thecorrect distribution of food.
However, developed countries like Japanare facing the problem of relative poverty.
According to the WORLDBANKORG(https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/march-2023-global-poverty-update-worldbank-challenge-estimating-poverty-pandemic in 2017) there are 44 million people that are in
relative poverty. Also
according to GRAMIN, in
Japan one in six people live in
relative poverty. It means that
more than 20 million people
are suffering from lack ofmoney. To be more specific,
Gunma has 630,000 people inrelative poverty. About 3%
applicable to them.
Actually, according to
the Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare relative
poverty means the number ofpeople whose householdincome is less than half of thecountry’s median (poverty line) of the country’s equivalent disposable income (adjusted
take-home income divided by the square root of the number of people in the household.)
Relative poverty has several differences between hunger. They get over their lunch by cheep
foods or unhealthy foods. They may not eat satisfied.
For people in relative poverty Japan and the world has provided several programs likethe Children cafeteria. According to Musubie, In Japan the number of Children's cafeterias

are increasing rapidly. We can assume that society demands this system. This system isapplauded by the world.
However, there are tasks that are about the deficit because of the costs of food and the cost tohire the staff. In Gunma, the prefecture is supporting money to accompany the Children
cafeteria. However, it costs more than supporting money so most of the Cafeteria volunteers
are paying the costs. To break down, the expense of food is costly. Also, hosts need to selectand book some place to host the event every time and that leads to the staffs’ burden.
Therefore, it is clearly known that a children's

cafeteria is not themost perfect sustainable way to solve those problems.

3.Discussion and implications
By considering and solving the problems
that I mentioned above, we can contribute to
reducing relative poverty and food waste.
By reducing the number of relative
poverty, we can make our economy more active
and can make people more healthy and reduce
extremely fat or extremely slim which are notgood for their body.
By reducing the number of food waste,
there are 6 benefits for everyone and the earth
that I can mention. First, we can reduce the gas emissions that we used to carry extra to the garbage
station. Gas emissions cause global warming. Second, we can cut off the costs of carrying
garbage.Third, If we hand over those food waste to developing countries, they might save their lives
and not die of hunger. We should think about those people. Fourth, we can save the land of wildlife

unless we use the land to throw food waste. Fifth, we can save energy. Saving energy is good for theenvironment.
By committing to these problems, we can contribute to Number 2, Number 11, and Number 12.
According to “The SDGs wedding cake from Stockholm Resilience
Center(https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2016-06-14-the-sdgs-wedding-ca
ke.html)” when we achieve goal number 2, we can build the base of the second bottom of the SDGs
wedding cake. We could make society better.

4.Conclusion
To make my research true, I suggest holding a “ReSchool Project”. I
am planning to hold this project at the elementary school. “ReSchool '' is theword combination of "RESCUE" and "SCHOOL". I would like to explain themain six details of this project.
First, the project will be held at elementary school. The reason for theplace is that according to EduBridge(https://edubirdie.com/blog/school-waste-statistics) compared to the middle school students or thehigh school students, the elementary school students waste 1.13Lbs per week and this is the mostlarge amount of wastes than others. This means that elementary schools could waste more food andwe have to overcome those problems.
Second, we are planning to give out the untouched school lunch to the participants. For
example, there are breads or fish that the number had left. Food might be wasted if some students thatday were absent and others did not want to have them. Also, thinking about the freshness, it isdifficult to keep the food that we touched or wasted so we will throw them away in a Garbage disposal
machine (Compost) that we will purchase later. I will talk about them later.
Third is about the time. The time of after-school facilities are usually open until 18:00.
Furthermore, I will do this project from 16:00-19:00. By setting the time above, I made parents andtheir children have dinner together and also with their siblings for example after school club.
Fourth is about the takeaway. Families who could eat dinner at home could take away the foods
that school handed out. School or volunteer members will pass “Doggie bag” to them. According to
the Ministry of the Environment (https://www.env.go.jp/recycle/food/motteco.html), they started tocall them “MottECO” as a doggie bag from April of 2022. Also, several new doggie bags had been
designed and people could consider the typeflexibly.(https://www.env.go.jp/recycle/foodloss/pdf/wd_05.pdf)
Fifth is the way of advertising. In Japan, elementary school students receive a tablet one by one.
Volunteers will make the flier or the website and send theminto their tablets and make the children and their parents easy
to view. Also, we will make the participant reservation andmake no one have less dinner at school. Every day the lunch
cooker will post the upper limit of participants at 1:00 pm.
Children could book the joining easily to participate or not.
Moreover, about volunteering, we will take an applicationfrom local people. There is no limit to being a volunteer.
They can apply through the school website.
Sixth, the cost of having school lunch is equal to 200
yen. We are going to use it to reduce food waste more. To explain it in detail, I am planning topurchase “Commercial garbage disposal machine SINKPIA bacteria method extinguishing type”
which costs one million to five million yen. According to the number of clients which go to Children
Cafeteria is about 10 people a day. Therefore, by saving money for 2 to 6 years at school. The disposal
machine that we are going to purchase, microorganisms, could decompose and release water andcarbon dioxide. The disposal machine is automatic so it is easy to save time and staff.
The above explanation is the overview of the ReSchool project to encounter the problem from
Discussion and Implication.
Why don’t we use the crisis of relative poverty and food waste as an opportunity to rescue relative
poverty and bring more smiles through the ReSchool project?

5.Reference
Food and Agriculture Organization
Food wastage footprint Impacts on natural
https://www.fao.org/3/i3347e/i3347e.pdf

resources 2023/11/13

Grammin
POVERTY 2023/12/09
https://grameen.jp/about/poverty/
The Japan time
Cafeterias offering low cost children’s meals in Japan rose by 1,300, survey says
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/12/19/national/low-cost-children-cafeteria-rise/Preventing Lifestyle Diseases
Ways to prevent bad effects on health due to sedentary behavior
ID 5330 Fujimoto Shintaro
1.Abstract
Over-sitting is a growing health problem around the world today. The aim of this study iscontributing to the health of the international community by preventing sedentary behavior. I searchedabout the risk of over-sitting and the measures mainly on the Internet. Also,I received some advice
and information from the Centre for Innovation in Healthcare, a national institution of Singapore. It
has been revealed that sedentary behavior has harmful effects on both physical and mental aspects.
The physical effect is the higher risk of getting lifestyle diseases like cancer and diabetes . Also, themental effect is being more likely to suffer from worse mental health . There are several individual
actions to prevent over-sitting ,such as decreasing sedentary time,and standing up once in thirty
minutes.Also, many institutions in the world are taking steps against sedentary behavior, likeintroducing height adjustable desks. I have three parts of suggestions based on the result of the study.
First, companies and schools can introduce standing desks or balance balls. By doing so, we candecrease the sedentary time. It is possible to improve worker’s health and productivity. Second,
government or international institutions can set the numeric goal of sitting time and exercise time.
People can know what they should do in detail so as to improve their health. Third, public healthinstitutions can let people know the health risk of oversitting. Most people do not realize the risk ofthis lifestyle , so this initiative will be effective.

2.Introduction
People can enjoy their lives even if they keep sitting all day long in modern society because thetechnology has been becoming sophisticated. It is a little old data, but participants of the study in the
United States spent about 55% of their waking time in sedentary behavior in 2003(Charles
E.Matthews,Kong Y.Chen,Patty S. Freedson,Maciej S.Buchowski,Bettina M.Beech,Russell
R.Pate,Richard P Troiano,2008). However, this lifestyle can be a vital risk. The paper of Faculty ofSport Sciences of Waseda University(2018)says that sitting for a long time causes the leg muscles,
which support the metabolic functions of the entire body, to become inactive, and reduces the body's
metabolic functions and blood flow. The risk of lifestyle becomes higher in this situation. In addition,
too much sitting has a bad effect on mental health. Therefore, I believe that it is necessary to decreasesitting time to solve the health problem in the world. The aim of this study is to decrease sitting timeand lower the risk of getting lifestyle diseases. I searched about the current situation, risk of sedentary
behavior, and initiatives to solve the problem on the Internet, considered the solution, received someadvice from staff of CIH(Centre for Healthcare in Innovation)in Singapore, and then improved myconclusion.

3,Discussion&Implications
According to the survey of Sydney University(2011), the average sitting time per day in 20
countries is 300 minutes(5 hours). As the graph in the next page shows, the sitting time is longer in
Asian countries, such as Japan, Saudi Arabia, and so on. It is said that business people are sitting 70%of their working time, so the sitting time might be longer than the data in the survey.

Graphing fromhttps://www.nli-research.co.jp/report/detail/id=61220?site=nli#:~:text=%E8%B1%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%89%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%AEBauman,%E5%B9%B
3%E5%9D%87%E3%81%AF300%E5%88%86%2F%E6%97%A5%E3%80%82
People in the US have a sedentary lifestyle, too. They spend about 55% of their waking time insedentary behavior,and only 5% in high intensity exercise(Charles E.Matthews et al2008). Also, an
inquiry done in 20 countries showed that the sitting time other than working time in 2006 was about
806 minutes, up slightly from 794 minutes in 1997. An increasing trend in sedentary time in the areasof transportation and education was shown in this survey. There are two main reasons why the time
people sit has become longer in the world. It is the increase of desk workers and the increase of screen
time caused by digital devices like smartphones or tablets. Actually, in the case of elementary school
students, 726 minutes,or about 65.1% of weekday sitting time is considered screen time.(Isi,2017).
For this reason,foreign governments are encouraging children to decrease their screen time to lessthan two fours per day. The aim of this initiative is to shorten the screen time in leisure time.
However,children who meet this criteria is about 30~50% and it is not a large number. Also, children
spend most of their time in class sitting, so sitting for a long time is a big problem not only for adults
but also for children. They are likely to keep the sedentary behavior in their future, and it will be ahealth risk for them.
Sedentary behavior has adverse effects in both physical and mental aspects. The behavior has arisk of degrading our health as much as drinking and smoking.However,this fact is unknown amongpeople in the society.In physical aspect , it has been revealed that sedentary behavior increases the riskof getting lifestyle disease.The report of Waseda University(Araki,Oka 2018) refers the mechanism ofthat.If we sit, muscle of under limbs which support the metabolism of whole body doesn't work andthe secretion amount of lipoprotein lipase decreases.Then, our whole body metabolism and blood
circulation get worse,like Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia.After that,people sufferfrom lifestyle disease,such as obesity,diabetes,metabolic syndrome,cardiovascular disease,cancer,and
so on.Provided that you stop sedentary behavior and just stand for a moment,the muscle of leg works

and the metabolism get better.Therefore,the possibility of becoming lifestyle disease is lower when we
stand up more often even if the sitting time is the same. Also, the research of Kyoto Prefectural
University of Medicine (Oyama, 2019) revealed that each additional two hours of sitting time per day
increases the risk of death by 15%.That figure to people who suffer from dyslipidemia, to those who
suffer from high blood pressure,and to those who suffer from diabetes is each 18%,20%,and 27%. We
can say that the increasing rate of diabetes patients is high [Chart 1]. I considered the reason why
people suffering from lifestyle disease caused by sedentary behavior is likely to increase is that their
death risk is higher . Also, the study found that the more of the three major lifestyle diseases(dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and diabetes) we have,the more likely we are to have a higher riskof death due to increased sedentary time. [Chart 2] I considered the reason why the risk of death of
those who suffer from three kinds of disease is much higher than those who have two is if they sufferfrom diabetes or not. Other data,the study done by Sydney University (2012) revealed that thepossibility of death of those who sit more than 11 hours per day is 40% higher than those who sit lessthan four hours. Moreover, according to the research of American Cancer Society/Behavioral
Epidemiology Research Group (2018) , the death risk of people who sit more than 6 hours is 19%
higher than those who sit less than 3 hours, and the risk of death by circulatory disease, cancer, anddiabetes become higher. Those risks do not decline by exercising only on the weekend.

Chart 1

Chart 2
Graphing from https://www.kpu-m.ac.jp/doc/news/2021/files/27489.pdf
To add it, sedentary behavior degrades our mental
health.The graph on the right shows that mental health is notquite different if the sedentary time per day is less than 9hours. However, the possibility of bad mental health of
those who sit more than 12 hours a day is 3 times higher
than those who sit less than 6 hours per day. ( Meiji Yasuda
Health and Welfare Organization Force Medical ResearchInstitute, 2017) That humans have been active for a longtime and keep sitting is a stress is may be the reason for that
result.
Moreover, the research of Waseda University done toJapanese students (2017,Ishi)revealed three things. First,
sitting time is related to bad mental health. Second,changes
in physical activity and holiday sedentary behavior over a
2-year period affect mental health 2 years later.Third, wetend to feel depressed if we use more than two types of
media device,such as TV, game,PC ,and so on, for morethan one hour a day. quote from https://onl.tw/ghcwApm
There are several ways to prevent these side effects of sedentary behavior.Decreasing sitting time,standing up once in thirty minutes, and exercising every day is effective to stimulate metabolism, andprevent lifestyle diseases. Increasing the sleeping time instead of sitting time is effective to be healthymentally.

In order to prevent these adverse effects, companies and schools all over the world are taking
steps. Efforts in global companies like Google and Facebook are well known. In this thesis, I will
introduce the experiment on office environment improvement that Okamura Corporation, and Dentsu
International Information Services (ISID), Inc. jointly implemented at Okamura Corporation from
October 2018.This experiment is based on the ABW(=Active Based Working=the idea that staff canselect the place or seat suitable for each business situation). Installation of elevated desks for standing
work, more shared seating for free choice, and circular pathways to various destinations was
conducted.

quote from https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000012.000043138.html

In order to confirm the outcome of the experiment, the researcher compared the renovationgroup(13 participants) with two other sites (29 participants) as the control group. And then, it became
clear that the renovation group had 40 minutes less sedentary time per day, and 24 minutes more timeof low intensity activity, like walking, than the control group.

quote from https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000012.000043138.html
It is considered that the reason for this decrease in sitting time was the more use of the circularaisles and the shared seating near the entrances and the windows.If workers use circular aisles they
can know the progress of other’s work.If employee use shared seating they can consult on the work. I
considered those things are why many workers in the renovation group used circular aisles and sharedsitting space.
It was found that the introduction in countries in Europe and America is more progressive.
Particularly in Europe, the EU has set a goal for less sedentary time, and has cited the introduction ofstanding desks to achieve the goal. In the global companies, such as Google,Facebook,Volvo, it isnormal to work standing. This act enhances not only the health of workers but also the creativity ofthem. According to the study of Stanford University(2014), 81 % of subjects were more creative withwalking movements than with sitting,and their creativity increased by 60% on average. (2019,Nissay
Research Institute)Also, Japanese companies,schools,and government administration offices are working to
introduce balance balls instead of seats. Although it was rare for Japanese government administration
offices, Tanabe City Office in Wakayama Prefecture adopted the balance ball on a trial basis in
2021,and approved all of the officers of the use of the ball in 2022. The effect of the balance balldiffers from each worker,but many of them said that their backache became milder, and their posture
was better. In addition,more than 90% of schools in Finland introduced the balance ball. It is not clear
if there is a correlation, but Finland has a steady achievement in many fields ,and the score is better
than other countries in PISA. PISA is a test that OECD conducts once in three years for 15-year-old
students.
Moreover, an experiment that handed down play goods on class basis for school which can beused freely in break time was done in Japan from April to July, 2013. The play goods were manykinds of balls which are easy to get, like volleyball and ellipsoid balls. The number of the balls
provided,one available for two people. In this experiment, the difference of sitting time in between
period (break time between 2nd and 3rd period) and lunch break between schools that received theball and school that were not was compared.According to the survey,the school that received the ballhave less sitting time for about 5 minutes in between period,and almost 9 minutes in lunch break.
From the results, it was clarified that giving play goods have effect on living more active even though
it is a little.(2015,Ishi)

quote from https://yab.yomiuri.co.jp/adv/wol/opinion/sports_171225.html

4.Conclusion
It is indispensable to take steps to decrease the sedentary time in both schools and companies.
That is because the sitting time in schools or companies account for most of the sedentary time in a
day for many people.The decline of sitting time in those times is related to the notable decrease ofsitting time. Firstly,it is necessary to introduce standing desks in both companies and schools. As I
mentioned, the installation of the desks resulted in the decrease of sitting time in the experiment of
Okamura Corporation. Also, it is revealed that the productivity of workers is better if we introduce
standing desks to the office. However,if we keep standing for a long time.I would like to realize theuse of standing desks that the height can be changed so that we can repeat sitting and standing if
possible. If it is impossible to make use of that type of desk, it might be good to create a place wherewe can sit except normal desk. The barrier to introduce standing desks may be a financial
problem(particularly for schools), so it is necessary to support the companies and schools financiallyto install them. Public institutions in each country can help implement the desk. I was advised that
adopting balance balls instead of standing desks might be easier in the presentation time in school, so
considering the way to introduce and use the ball is one of the challenges of this study.
Also, it is effective to advertise the adverse effects of over-sitting and the way to prevent that invarious languages in SNS. The bad effects of sedentary behavior is not known for many people andSNS is a kind of media that people in the world use.Therefore,
texting in SNS can lead to individual initiatives such as reducing sitting time and increasing thenumber of interruptions of sitting behavior. It may be good that reliable international institutions likethe researcher group and WHO give information in SNS.
Finally,each government can set a numeral and national goal of sedentary time similar to the
EU. I consider that 5 hours in developed countries, and 4 hours in developing countries is a goal that
we can realize and also save our health. Numerical targets will help determine the direction of eachcountry’s efforts and enable more effective measures to be taken. For example, as I was advised in
CIH(Centre for Innovation in Healthcare) in Singapore , Singapore sets the goal of people’s sugar
intake per day and sets the numeric limit of sugar amount in refreshing drinks in order to prevent
diabetes. The goal makes it easier to assess how the initiatives are going well.Also, it is easy for theprivate sector to take measures.
The most major challenge of this study is to think of ways to make my suggestion more
effective.Also,it will be necessary to change the custom to sit for a long time in order to make mysuggestion more effective.

5.References「座りすぎ」ていませんか
https://www.city.kita.tokyo.jp/k-suishin/kenko/kenko/kenko-yobo/documents/standup.pdf 5/23,6/20

WHO身体活動・座位行動ガイドライン
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/337001/9789240014886-jpn.pdf?sequence=151&isAl
lowed=y 5/20,6/20「座り過ぎ」はカラダにもココロにも悪い？｜健康づくりウォッチ一覧
https://onl.tw/ghcwApm 6/20
座り過ぎは子どもにとっても危険 日常生活から意識することで、体力や学力の向上に期待
https://yab.yomiuri.co.jp/adv/wol/opinion/sports_171225.html 9/26
座位行動の科学 ー行動疫学の枠組みの応用ー 2013https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kenkokyoiku/21/2/21_142/_pdf 9/30
国内初！オフィス環境改善による座り過ぎ解消効果を確認
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000012.000043138.html 10/21
株式会社オカムラ｜「働き方改革」の効果をAIで可視化する実験を開始
https://www.okamura.co.jp/company/topics/other/2018/workstyle_ai.html 10/21
座っている時間が長いほど死亡リスクが増加する
https://www.kpu-m.ac.jp/doc/news/2021/files/27489.pdf 11/4

意識したい『座り過ぎ』の問題－健康リスクを下げて、生産性を上げる

https://www.nli-research.co.jp/report/detail/id=61220?site=nli#:~:text=%E8%B1%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%89%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%AEBauman,%E5%B9%B
3%E5%9D%87%E3%81%AF300%E5%88%86%2F%E6%97%A5%E3%80%82 12/9
休み時間の用具提供による小学校児童の身体活動推進の効果
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kenkokyoiku/23/4/23_299/_pdf/-char/ja 12/16,18
役所の椅子はバランスボール 本格導入、思わぬ効能
https://www.sankei.com/article/20220328-BWXQ5BVFZ5PA3JJJDEV2HLKL74/ 2/13

フィンランド大使館ーEmbassy of Finland in Tokyo
https://www.facebook.com/FinnishEmbassyTokyo/posts/3990519374295992/ 2/13
フィンランド教育の特徴とは？世界一といわれる理由からデメリットまで解説

https://for-teachers.manalink.jp/think-edu/overseas-case/dqzauud9xfr 2/13

The Impact and Feasibility of Introducing Height-Adjustable Desks on Adolescents' Sitting in a
Secondary School Classroom
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5690354/ 4/24

Amount of Time Spent in Sedentary Behaviors in the United States, 2003–2004 11/20
https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/167/7/875/84501 11/20

To Improve Literacy
To help all people in the world become literate.
5331 Hoshino Tamaki

Abstract
The average of world literacy is 92％ on the male, 88%on the female. These figures arehigh. However, some developing countries' figures are lower than 50%.
Low literacy percentage means the number of people who can read and write something isseldom. The ability to read is so important. There are three main reasons. First, it enables us
to read dangerous sentences.Second, it enables us to get services. Third, it enables us to work
for a good salary company. Next it is about the cause of low literacy. The big cause is thenumber of schools in developing countries is rare. Therefore , my first suggestion is for JICA
to use a Moving School.
A definition of Moving School is that the teacher moves a certain range with a car andsome tools. The advantages of Moving School is that the teacher comes near the student's
house. The cause of low literacy is the number of students is high ,because the cost is toohigh to pay for them and it is very far from the school, so this Moving School can solve theproblems. The Moving School can reduce the time of going to school and it restrain students
for about three hours. I think that Moving Schools should teach only math and literacy. It is
Ok for a short time. It enables students who have not gone to school to help their family.
Second, the quantity of teachers in developing countries is low is one of the biggest
problems. Low quality teachers are not efficient. That’s because teachers in developing
countries can not receive a fair salary, and most of them would not be taught when they werechildren. The number of teachers in developing countries is low, so we have to improve theirskills. Therefore I have a second suggestion. It is for us to rely on JICA(Japan international
cooperation agency). JICA has a program to improve teacher’s skills. From these things,My
finally suggestion is I will suggest these proposals(Moving Schools and improving teacher’squality) to JICA.

1 Introduction
According to UNESCO, literacy means ability of writing and reading, also literacy means
the percentage 15 over the age 15 who can read and write about simple things in our daily
life. Look at this graph. It indicates the percentage of literacy by country. We can see thatdeveloped countries have a high rate but developing countries are much lower thandeveloping countries.

It is said that the number of people who can not literate is 773 million. Most of those people
could not receive education because discrimination, war, and the situation of their house. In
developing countries , the rate of literacy is lower than any other country,because the numberof children who can not go to school is about 121 million. They can not read and write
because they are not taught. I know that it became a vicious circle. From my point of view , I
think we need to increase literacy rates around the world.
The purpose of this research is for children in developing countries to improve their literacy
skills.
My research point is children in developing countries. I will tell you about the significance of
my study. Inability to be literate has a lot of difficulties. I believe that the ability to be literate
can change their life.
Let’s show the previous study.
Mr. Kitajima is Japanese and he built a school in Cambodia. He bilt school and gave it to
the government. In the strike zone , he talked about his action to build a school in Cambodia.
First, matching a lot of people’s intuition makes one project. Second, he needs about 4
million yen to build the school. Third, we have to take care of the school after we build theschool. It is not final, we should be associated with my project eternally.
From his study, I understand reducing cost and spreading the range of schools are problems
for us to solve.
I use the internet and previous research to make my suggestion. After that, I will prepare to
make a presentation of my proposal to JICA.

2 Discussion and Implication
1. Present situation
The average of world literacy is 92％ on the male, 88% on the female. However, somedeveloping countries' figures are lower than 50%. It is much lower than the world average.
One of the reasons is most children do not go to school. According to JICA, the Total
Primary Education Attendance Rate of developing countries is lower than any othercountries. There are mainly two reasons for the low rate. Firstly, in developing countries ,most families recognize children as an important workforce, so many parents do not let theirchildren go to school. Secondly, most poor families can not pay high tuition fees if they want
children to go to school. Second reason for the low rate is the number of teachers is much lessthan needed. The number of students per teacher in the Central African Republic is by far thehighest compared to Japan and China, indicating a heavy burden on one teacher.
From these things we have to make a new school style to improve literacy.

3 Conclusion
I have two suggestions to improve the present situation. My first suggestion is Moving
School . I define Moving School in my own way as a school that is mobile, that is, it does
not define the place where it educates, but develops education within a certain area frompoint to point. The reason I make this statement is that Moving School can reduce cost andcan teach to many children by one teacher. I know we need a cost, time and human resources
to build and manage a normal school, so I propose unnormal suggestion. This Moving School
has two good points than normal school. One is that it is cheaper. In building schools need
not only the cost of construction, but also utilities, water, land, etc. However, Moving Schools
do not need them. Therefore, I think we can build a school more than a normal school withthe same money. Second is the parents who think children are an important workforce arelikely to permit children to go to school. That’s because the Moving School comes near theirhouse, so they can have a shorter time going to school. I think the parents can understand thisway. I think Moving School has 100 minutes a day. It will teach literacy and mathematics,
because most children need a lot of time to help their family. I plan to set up a curriculum thatcan be taught in one year. We need some car or bike to move.
I want to propose an EV-tuktuk. ( The picture is EV-tuktuk.) It does not need gasoline, it
uses electricity, so it is good for the environment. It can be ridden simply by charging it froma 100 V household power source. Also, it is large enough to carry some things such as
markers, whiteboard, and so on.

It is more reasonable than any other car.
In Tokyo, you can buy it for about
770,000 yen. It contains necessary
insurance.

My second suggestion is to ask JICA. As I said in the Introduction, teachers in developing
countries do not have enough quality and quantity, but it is impossible to increase the numberof teachers because it prevents people from getting other jobs. Then, I want to ask JICA tosend Japanese teachers to improve their skills by suggesting Moving School. Now, JICA isdoing a project named ‘Overseas Youth Cooperation Team’. I want them to teach not only
children but also teachers in developing countries.
The future of my proposal is to prepare suggestions for JICA. There are a lot of thinking
points, so I continue to think about how to improve literacy in developing countries. Also, I
want to research about JICA more.

4 Reference
・COCOCOLEREARTH / Yoshida Koki /「What is Literacy Rate? Explains the current
situation around the world and efforts to improve it!」https://cococolor-earth.com/shikijiritu/#:~:text=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E
8%AD%98%E5%AD%97%E7%8E%87%E3%81%AF,%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8C%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E
3%80%82

・GraphToChart. /「Number of elementary school (primary education) students per teacher in
the Central African Republic (transition and comparison graph)」/2021.03.20.
https://graphtochart.com/education/central-african-republic-pupil-teacher-ratio-primary.php
・Strike Zone / Kitagawa Yusuke /「Crowdfunding was used to pay for the construction of anelementary school in Cambodia.」/2016.09.08/
https://yusukekitagawa.com/crowdfunding/

・READY FOR / 「If you're looking to make a donation READY FOR」/ 2011https://readyfor.jp/proposals/intro/?topbutton

・Oshieru.work/ Manabuterasu/ 「Advantage of face-to-face class and Online class」/2022
https://www.oshieru.work/online-advantage-disadvantage/
・gooddo /gooddo magazine editorial department/ 「The present situation of education in
Africa」 / 2018https://gooddo.jp/magazine/education/education_africa/4102/
・YAHOO NEWS/ Mutuji shoji/ The International Political Economy of the African Boom 4.
A continent where growth and poverty coexist (1)/ 2014.10.19
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/98dc52b60bf25da6cc2ac5d0ed15ae1beb21afdc
・JICA/ JICA Initiatives/
https://www.jica.go.jp/activities/issues/education/approach.html
・UNESCO/ Teacher policy development/
https://teachertaskforce.org/what-we-do/national-and-regional-policy-learning/teacher-policydevelopment
・Blog about politics, economy, culture, IT, international cooperation, Malawi/
https://marxtomusk.com/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%80%81%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%81%AE%E5%85%88%
E7%94%9F%E3%81%AE%E7%B5%A6%E4%B8%8E%E3%81%AF%E3%81%84%E3%8
1%8F%E3%82%89%EF%BC%9F/
・Impress Watch / Kiyomiya Shinji / 「I rode in an "EV Tuk Tuk" available at Yodobashi.」/ 2022. 04.1/
https://www.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/topic/1398217.html

Global Healthcare Disparities~Improving the Healthcare Environment in developing countries~
5332 Kazuki Manabe

Abstract
I decided to research global healthcare disparities because I would like to work in healthcare
in the future. I have learned that the healthcare disparities between developed and developing
countries have a major problem. In developing countries, the medical environment is not sowell developed. Therefore, I have been conducting research with the research question, "Howcan we ensure that medical care is available to people in developing countries?’’ My research
was mainly based on gathering information on the Internet. In my research, I found that there
are problems such as a shortage of medical personnel, medical facilities are far or few, andmedical expenses cannot be financed. Therefore, I wanted to utilize AI and robots.
Specifically, I wanted to use diagnostic assistance systems and telemedicine systems to
reduce human costs while introducing systems that can diagnose and treat patients. I would
also like to combine this with the airlift of medical supplies by drone. In terms of future
prospects, I would like to propose that local people learn medical care and increase thenumber of medical personnel. Also, it would also be good if we can take measures to address
the increasing number of patients who require surgery due to severe conditions that cannot be
cured by medicines, as this will cause a noticeable shortage of manpower.

1.Introduction
Global medical disparities are now a serious problem in the world. The disparities between
developed and developing countries are particularly severe. I found in my research that there
are some problems especially in Africa. In Africa, there are few hospitals, so it is difficult to
get medical care. Also, people in Africa do not have enough money to access medical care.
In addition, a shortage of medical personnel is a serious problem. I wanted to solve these
problems, so I think it is useful to use AI or robots. In developed countries, a lot of AI iscurrently used in some ways, so it is believed that many jobs will be replaced by AI in the
future. Therefore, I thought that replacing doctors in developing countries with AI would
solve the problem, so I researched about what AI is useful in Africa.

2.Discussion and implications
There are several medical problems in Africa. The first problem that has been identified as ahealthcare problem in Africa is the extremely high hurdles that patients face in accessing
healthcare. This high hurdle has led to a vicious cycle of patients being further deterred fromaccessing medical care.
The most important problem in African healthcare is the shortage of doctors and medical
personnel. There are overwhelmingly not enough doctors and health care workers for thenumber of people in Africa. Many African countries have less than 0.1 doctors per 1,000

people. Japan has a high level of 2.3 as of 2018, and European countries in the world havemore than 4.0.

In countries where the number of doctors is low relative to the population, many lives are lost
due to lack of proper medical care. The high number of patients per doctor means that thetime available to see each patient is far too short, causing unnecessary suffering for the
sickest patients. Although the crisis caused by this shortage of human resources is widely
recognized, few concrete measures have been taken locally.
Another problem is the inability to raise funds for medical expenses. Africa has one of thehighest poverty rates in the world.
Therefore, there are many people who want to receive medical services but are unable to raisemoney from their household budgets to pay for them.
Even if they are able to provide for their medical expenses, they often have to sell off theirhousehold goods or borrow money to provide for their medical needs. As a result, their lives
become even more difficult and they remain in poverty.

Patients who cannot afford to pay will not go to the hospital even if they are infected. As aresult, the ability to monitor the spread of infection is weakened and adequate measures
cannot be taken, which can result in a pandemic.
Another factor is the distance to hospitals. In Africa, there are limited hospitals available
within a patient's living area. Few hospitals can provide emergency care, even in urgent cases.
The further away from urban centers, the fewer hospitals are available, and in some areas,
hospitals and other medical facilities do not exist at all. Roads and other transportation
infrastructure, such as ambulances, are not well developed. This situation makes it difficultfor people living outside of urban areas to access medical services in the first place.
Currently, hospitals with adequate medical facilities in Africa are only located in urban areas,making it difficult for people who wish to receive treatment to access adequate medical
services.
In addition, the quality of medical care is low. The reality is that in Africa, the quality of
medical care is basically not high.
The level of medical care in urban areas in Africa may be considered high for Africa, but it
still does not provide the same level of medical care as in Japan or Western countries. Manyof the poor and middle class people living in Africa can only receive treatment at public
hospitals that lack medical resources, and even if they know they will not receive satisfactorytreatment, they have no choice but to receive treatment at those hospitals. If they want toreceive quality medical care, they must go to private hospitals in urban areas, but private
hospitals are mostly for the wealthy because of the high cost of treatment.
I would like to solve these problems. I especially wanted to utilize robots. I thought that if
we could use robots, we could reduce human costs and make access to medical care easier. I
would first like to use the diagnostic assistance system and telemedicine system that is being
developed by a company called miup, which is assisting Bangladesh. In rural Bangladesh,
there is only one doctor for every 15,000 residents. By utilizing these systems, diagnosis andtreatment can be carried out while reducing human resource costs. Diagnostic assistancesystems and telemedicine systems are systems that perform statistical processing based on
symptoms and vital values to suggest diseases and prescriptions that are likely to affect thepatient. Now, we are further developing these systems, and with the support of the SDG
Business Grant Program of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), we haveentered the field of "prediction" using machine learning, and are proceeding withdemonstration experiments. The prediction system is a system that analyzes a large amount ofdetailed vital data and the results of medical interviews of patients, applies machine learning
to correlate the data, calculates future health risks, and provides advice on how to improvehealth. I wanted to introduce these systems to developing countries in Africa and elsewhere.
I also wanted to introduce the UNICEF-led airlift of medicines by drone. I thought that byusing drones to transport and deliver blood transfusions and medicines, it would be easier for
medical assistance to reach people in areas where hospitals are scarce or far away. I also
wanted to utilize smart phones. By utilizing smart phones, medical examinations,appointments, medicine orders, and payments can be made smoothly. In Africa, people tend
to think that smartphones are not very popular, but the current cell phone penetration rate isincreasing. This is due to lower prices resulting from the appearance of low-end terminals
and the fact that Chinese manufacturers and others have provided smartphones to Africa. As
you can see from the graph, the penetration rate is increasing every year, so I believe thatwhen the penetration rate increases more in the future, the use of smartphones will lead to
improvements in the quality of healthcare.

3. Conclusion
In order to enhance the medical environment for people in developing countries, we havecome to the conclusion to use diagnostic assistance systems and telemedicine systems to
reduce human costs, to enable many people in developing countries to receive diagnosis andtreatment, to use drones to make medicines available to people living far from medical
facilities, and to use smartphones. The company has also come to the conclusion thatsmartphones can be used to smoothly diagnose, make appointments, and provide medicines.
As for future issues, I think there is a limit to how much support we can provide all the time,
so I think we also need to make efforts to have local people learn medical skills and increase
the number of medical personnel. So I would like to be able to make suggestions for that. I
would also like to be able to take measures to address the shortage of manpower andinadequacy of the medical environment, since some patients may not be cured bypharmaceuticals even after their symptoms are diagnosed and may require surgery, which
would then be conspicuous.

4. References
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/health/africa_health/4033/
2022/05/31 アフリカの医療問題
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/health/3340/
2022/05/31 世界の医療事情を比較しよう
https://uhcday.jp/about/about_uhc/
2022/11/15 UHCとは
https://wired.jp/waia/2019/06_mari-sakoh/
2022/05/31 医療とAIで途上国に医療革命を

https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/1607/19/news127.html
2022/11/15 ドローンがアフリカの地でインフラを目指す
https://alj.com/ja/perspective/improving-healthcare-access-in-developing-markets/
2023/01/15 発展途上市場における医療アクセスの改善
https://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/ja/h27/html/nc123120.html
2023/01/15 総務省

New way to deal with Parkinson’s disease
By the use of various games
ID 5333 氏名 Ichino Motegi
Abstract
In today’s world, there are said to be 306 designated intractable diseases. Out of these
diseases, I chose “Parkinson’s disease”(PD) as the theme of my study. Currently, more than
10 million people worldwide are living with Parkinson’s disease. This disease is caused by
the lack of a substance called dopamine.Right now, the treatment we have for this disease ismainly with medication or therapeutic surgery. Both cost a lot of money and some side
effects so I wanted to come up with step-by-step treatment without any side effects and costless money. The aim for the study is to come up with a treatment for PD that is very exciting
and cheaper. I referred to the game that was originally invested by the company called
Mindmaze,which uses the patient's actual movement to move the character in the game. I
want to suggest an improved version of this game and collaborate it with many famous games
so that it is more available and familiar to us. Also I want to make a suggestion to make afacility that is associated with hospitals and specializes with the gaming treatment not only
for PD but also for many other neurological diseases. I am going to use the Internet to gather
information related to PD .
Introduction
This study aim is to come up with a new type of PD treatment. The reason why I put my eyeon that theme is that, when I first started to do some research about PD, it showed that there
are few treatments for this disease right now. Those are medication and therapeutic surgery(which I will mention later again). When I saw these treatments, I wanted to come up with amore enjoyable disease that the patients could have fun while living along with the symptom
for the rest of their lives. The thought of using games as the treatment for PD is not out of theblue. University in Brazil has successfully used goalkeeper games as a way to predict thepossibility of PD. I thought that this example can be the cornerstone of my study. Also a
company in Switzerland has come up with a game called “Toap run”, which uses physicalmovement of the PD patients to practice rehabilitation. I am considering using anddeveloping this game and including it in my suggestion.
The research was conducted mainly through the Internet.
(1) Find out how prevalent games are in the world and in the gaming population.
We will examine this from various perspectives to find out the state of the current gameindustry.
(2) Investigate the relationship between games and dopamine secretion.
We will also examine in detail the relationship between time and dopamine secretion. (Wewant to ask specialists in the future.)(3) Find out how much money is needed and where is the best place to use this therapy when
it is actually utilized.
(4) Consider the harmful effects.

For example, there is a problem that if dopamine is continuously secreted for a long period oftime, it may become tolerated and lose its effectiveness. In addition, we will focus on the typeof work that seems to be tolerating dopamine secretion at the moment. In this case, we will
focus on professional gamers, who are likely to be tolerant of dopamine secretion at this pointin their careers.
In the last part of the survey, we would like to ask gamers/streamers who are familiar with
games how they think the use of games in medicine will be received by the public, so wewould like to conduct a survey of the general public (people in their grades) as a comparison
target, We would also like to consider the differences in perception.
In parallel with this, we will also collect information on Parkinson's disease itself as
appropriate.
Since research on how to treat Parkinson's disease using games is actually being conductedworldwide, we would like to investigate institutions that are pioneering such research andmake contact with them if possible.
Discussion and implications
About PD
PD is one of the intractable diseases. It is caused by the lack of
dopamine. Dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters and hormones
which play an important role in many body functions including
movement and memory, mood,attention etc.
<About the symptoms>
Main 4 motor symptoms
1.Involuntary shaking of particular parts of the body
The most noticeable symptoms, and often appear in the earlier stage of PD.
2.Stiff and inflexible muscle
The muscle will become stiff and less flexible. Smooth
movement will be difficult. Patients will not be able torelax even if they try to do so. Overall the movement
will be unnatural.
3. Postural reflexes
It will become more difficult to balance their body, so
the reflex when they try to change their posture will become dull. Also, their walking speed
might get faster and changing the direction of their body will get troublesome. Sometimes
their walking steps will become smaller so that they will not fall down,and their walking
speed will get faster.
4. Akinesia
Even though motor paralysis and loss in muscle strength do not appear, movement related todaily lives will become slower. Spontaneous movement will decrease and that causes theamount of the exercise time of the patient to decrease even more. In the initial stage, thepatients are still able to do their stuff alone, but as the symptoms get worse and worse, they
will not be able to do those kinds of stuff by themselves. Eventually they are going to needsome nursing.

< Other non-exercise symptoms >Autonomic nervous symptom
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for unconsciously controlling body functions in
response to external stimuli, but when a person suffers from Parkinson's disease, thisautonomic nervous system is disturbed, causing "constipation," "urination disorders," and"abnormal sweating.
Mental illness
Shock from the fact that the patient themself got PD or from the PD symptom itself, patientsmight suffer from depression or they might experience Hallucinations and auditory
hallucinations. These mental symptoms might appear as a side effect of the PD medication.
Sleeping disorder
When PD progresses, the secretion of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which provides
peace of mind and mental stability, may be affected, resulting in insomnia.
<Current situation of PD patients>
The estimated number of PD patients all around the world is about 9.4 million in 2020.
According to American Scientist, by 2040, the number of PD patients are estimated toincrease up to at least 12.9 million. It also showed that this increment is peculiar to PD
compared to other sclerosis, as the graph below shows.

Not only the number of patients but also the number of people who
die because of PD is increasing. The reason for this increment is yet
uncovered. American Scientist assumed that air pollution and metal
production and many other things are thought to be linked to PD.
<Current treatment>
There are two ways to treat PD currently. These are medication andsurgery.
1.Medication
Levodopa and Carbidopa (Mainly used)
Levodopa (also called L-dopa) is the mostcommonly prescribed medicine for Parkinson’s. It’s
also the best at controlling the symptoms of thecondition, particularly slow movements and stiff,rigid body parts. Carbidopa makes the levodopa work better, so you can take less of it. This
prevents many common side effects of levodopa, such as nausea, vomiting, and irregularheart rhythms.
< Main side effects>
1. Sudden Somnlence
It does not occur so often but sometimes, unexpected sleepiness occurs without omen.
While taking the medicine, you need to refrain from activities that are risky. (ex. driving)
2. Digestive Organ Symptoms
Nausea, anorexia, dry mouth and constipation might appear
3.Psychoneurotic symptoms
Symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety, weakness, depression, hallucinations, and involuntary
movements may occur.
4. Caution regarding the phenomenon of wearing off
This phenomenon is more likely to occur as Parkinson's disease treatment with levodopa
becomes more prolonged.
The duration of levodopa's effect becomes shorter and shorter, and once a dose of levodopa istaken, symptoms may appear before the next dose is scheduled to be taken.
5. Cautions on on-off phenomenon
It may occur after long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa.
Symptoms fluctuate rapidly, like turning a switch on and off, regardless of when levodopa istaken.
2. Surgery① Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
Deep brain stimulation known as DBS, is a surgical therapy
used to treat certain aspects of PD. This powerful therapy
most addresses the movement symptoms of Parkinson’s andcertain side effects caused by medications. DBS may also
improve some non-motor symptoms, including sleep, pain,
and urinary urgency. It is important to keep in mind that DBS
can only help relieve symptoms, not cure or stop disease progression.
In DBS surgery, electrodes are inserted into a targeted area of the brain, using MRI (magnetic
resonance imaging) and, at times, recordings of brain cell activity during the procedure. A
second procedure is performed to implant an impulse generator battery (called an IPG),
which is similar to a heart pacemaker and approximately the size of a stopwatch.
Treatment with ongoing research
1.Utilization of iPS cells
iPS cells are a type of pluripotent cells that can be directly generated from somatic cells. For
the treatment of PD, it is considered to make a nerve cell that produces dopamine from iPS
cells and transplant it to the patient’s brain. Now the research is conducted and the goal for it
is to get approved by Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Law in a few years. The drawbackof this way is that iPS has a high proliferation ability and it is concerned that it has the risk ofdegenerating to tumors or other tissues. Also, it is considered that the transplanted cell might
be producing dopamine too much and that might cause another problem other than PD. This
treatment might be the highly expected and effective treatment that will be developed in thenear future.
2. Gene Therapy
Injecting specific genes to the brain and curing PD is also considered these days. For thistreatment, we will give patients’ brains a gene that changes a Levodopa called “Dopa
decarboxylase” into dopamine. and improve the production of dopamine. If you take
Levodopa for a very long time, the effect of that medicine will gradually decrease, this isbecause the decrease of “Dopa decarboxylase” will also decrease the amount of dopaminethat will be made from Levodopa. This gene related treatment is not carried out a lot and it isjust a kind of experiment at this point. It is not considered to be used positively yet.
<Cost of the treatment>
A research conducted in April 2022 showed that the annual incremental
cost of Parkinson disease (PD) ranges from $8,000 to $10,000 per patient.
It does not exceed the average americans’ annual income, which is about$31,000, but it is still a big number.
For surgery, it costs about $40,000 and this is a big number. Although, insome countries, it is possible to use the insurance for an expensive
medical treatment, which will decrease the financial burden a little bit.
Other studies and graphs show a different number but what can be saidcommon in those data is that the price of the treatment is a financial burden.

About gameI could grasp a lot of information related to the populationof the game industry worldwide from the graph that Statista
presented in 2021. First of all, the number of game players
worldwide is more than 3 billion and the number is about
40% of the world population which is huge. By the way, thenumber of game players by region shows that Asia has thelargest population and the number is about 1.4 billion, a little less than half of the
population worldwide. Newzoo made an estimation on the number of the gamer
population that is going to grow from 2015 to 2023. The information showed that the
number of people would reach 3 billion by 2023, but it turned out that the increase wasactually much steeper. One reason for the steep increment is the influence of Covid-19.
Because of this furious pandemic, people had to stay home a lot compared to before. Thatcaused the increase in the needs of indoor activity and the game industry developed a lot.
The growing needs also affected the company of the game makers to improve their gamecontents and graphic skills to gain more players and not to lose the fierce competition. Ithought this spread of the game culture around the world will make it easier for people toaccept games as the treatment in the medical area.
Also, I researched about how game addiction occurs and thisinfographic came out. This shows the mechanism of gameaddiction and it can be seen that in the “Anticipation” phase,
dopamine will be secreted.
When the secretion of dopamine continues for a very longtime, resistance against dopamine that humans had innately
will disappear. The repetition of those sequences will lead us
to game addiction. Shinjuku Perikan Kokoro Clinic's article
showed a lot more specific information about this. Dopamine is a substance that gives us
satisfaction and happiness. But if the amount of dopamine made is too high, the receiver's
sensitivity will decrease. As a result, they won't be able to gain the feelings that they used
to feel.
In this situation, people will want to earn more strong stimulation, and again, this process
will be done again. This is the same mechanism that occurs in drinking, and drugs.
In the case of "game", people who got stuck in this vicious cycle are likely to play games a
lot more than before, or will be choosing more stimulating games. This is called `Reward
Deficiency Disorder '' and when one gets to this level, they will no longer be able to feelpleasure from anything.
There was also a statement that explained why the effect of Dopamine will decline.
It is similar to the mechanism of diabetes, and there are two patterns. First is the simple,
the decrease of the secretion of Dopamine itself, and the second is the decrease of the
dopamine receptor(Downregulation). The true reason why the downregulation happens
is yet unclear but there are many studies going on about this right now. There are somehypotheses that say that this reaction happens because against the excessive stimulation,
the adjustment function that human beings inherently have will work.
By utilizing the fact that playing
games will produce dopamine, acompany called Mindmaze in
Switzerland is doing various kindsof research and effort. Mind mazecame up with three different
games called “Mind pod”, “Intento”,
and “Toap run” and uses them asrehabilitation for various neurological disorders. Particularly a game called “Toap run”(thegame that the picture shows above)is specialized to PD. This game uses the technology toconnect the game characters’ movement and the actual movement of the patient, to avoid
obstacles on the screen by jumping to the side or upwards. I want to advance this gameand make it my conclusion.

< about toap run > “ FAST and BIG movement”
・Player(patient) will take a posture that is usually difficult for the PD patients to perform,
like movement to the side, dashing movement, twist of the upper body or stretching forexample. These movements will help the patients’ movement to improve without thepatient noticing it. To make the patient keep on doing this treatment, this game will
combine visual, sound and cognitive solicitation and encourage them to improve theirscore as they play a lot. Actually, toap run was invented as one of the REHAB
e-NOVATION projects, and won the Inv Avlogo2030 WOrld Innovation Competition
and being supported by the future investment program and the development is inprogress. In 2016, it gained the new European Call for project, Eurostars(Hoerizon 2020)
and it is now possible to conduct research all over in the European area.
Other two games “mind pod” and “intento PRO” are being used as the rehabilitation forpatients with various neurological diseases. I am going to introduce those two games
briefly.
[mind pod]
MindPod Dolphin is designed to encourage motor skills and cognitive function. By using
the anti gravity vest, it will decrease the weight of the arm and, by encouraging thecontinuous exploration of an immersive marine environment by game, it helps to train
the control of the upper limbs.
[Intento]
Intento PRO is designed to treat the patient with a serious disability because of stroke. By
using this, the patient will be able to control their arms. It is completely programmed andit will provide the electrical stimulation at the right time so that it can create themovement of the upper limbs. Because of the personalized design. patients can control
the stimulation given to them and they can complete the task with the movement createdby electricity.
All three of the above have been proven to be more effective than conventional
rehabilitation and treatment, so I would like to actively incorporate them into the final
proposal of this study.
Using games as the treatment, not only improves the PD’s physical symptoms but it
might also improve its mental illnesses. A study called “Establishment of e-Sports toenhance therapy for depression treatment and elucidation of its biological mechanism”,
which was conducted by a professor at Hirosaki University, showed the result thate-sports(In a broad sense, the term refers to entertainment, competitions, and sports ingeneral that use electronic devices, and includes sports competitions using computer
games and video games.) might contribute to the improvement of depression.
【Implications】
As of December 18th,I had not considered the way of the treatment that includes patients toactually move their bodies to complete the game, but considering this method would broaden

the scope of our research and allow us to incorporate immediacy into our proposals.I would
like to build a treatment facility for Parkinson's disease into a complex facility where
treatments can be performed using games in a variety of ways.I thought that I can meet theneeds of various patients by expanding the range of applications rather than limiting thenumber of applications.
I considered the location for constructing this facility based on the information I earned. In
addition to collaborating with local hospitals,I believe it is important to create global
collaboration in order to further develop research into intractable neurological diseases, so I
want to establish several bases in major countries and cities.
Conclution
As a conclusion of the study, I propose the worldwide dissemination of facilities that can treat
Parkinson's disease using games, as well as the development of an application that uses
games to predict Parkinson's disease, similar to the goals presented in the introduction. In
terms of the dissemination of facilities that can treat Parkinson's disease, I believe that byhaving these facilities not exist on their own, but in partnership with regional and national
hospitals,it will be possible to contribute to society by providing research information on
Parkinson's disease itself at the same time. We have not yet decided on the specifics of how to
do this, but we thought it would be best if we could gain the understanding of local hospitals
and hospitals specializing in neurological diseases by holding explanatory meetings with
them.
［About the facility]
We would like to set up a treatment facility with private rooms like a regular hospital, an area
where patients can live, and a place that is similar to a rehabilitation facility, even for day
patients. The system will analyze each patient to determine what kind of symptoms require
immediate treatment, such as improving physical symptoms and mental symptoms, and will
incorporate AI to create a treatment menu specifically for each patient.
Future tasks(1) Resolving questions
In the course of this research, many questions arose. (see below).
We would like to resolve them not only through Internet-based research but also byinterviewing experts and other people involved in the field.
Questions to Consider
If this solution is realized, will it be accepted by the public?
What kind of games would actually work?
If a professional gamer has Parkinson's disease, will this method really work?
Do pro-gamers actually take care of their health?
If they are taking energy drinks on a daily basis, will this also affect their daily dopamine
secretion, since energy drinks also have the function of secreting dopamine?
How much game playing (time) is related to dopamine secretion?

If we continue to play games every day for a long period of time, even for a short period oftime, will we develop a tolerance to dopamine?
Is gaming a behavioral addiction?
Do you think there is a difference between being addicted to games and playing games as ajob?
Do you think there is a parallel between being addicted to games and playing games as a job(e.g. professional gamer)? Can they happen at the same time?
(2) Be specificNothing concrete has been decided on in realizing the proposal. If the goal of creating atreatment facility for Parkinson's disease using games is actually going to be carried out, I
would like to decide on the best place to build it and which organizations, such as local
government and government agencies, would support this. I think we can begin to think aboutsome of these points once the questions in (1) are resolved.
I will also consider concrete ways to promote cooperation between treatment facilities andlocal hospitals, which was one of my proposals at the National High School Student Forum
held on 12/18, rather than vague suggestions.
References
Demographics
https://www.parkinson.org/advancing-research/our-research/parkinsons-outcomes-project/de
mographics (10/30)
The Rise Of Parkinson’s Disease
https://www.americanscientist.org/article/the-rise-of-parkinsons-disease (10/30)
Estimation of the 2020 Global Population of PD
https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/estimation-of-the-2020-global-population-of-parkinsons-disease-pd/ （2022/11/04）
Medication for PD (11/04)
https://www.webmd.com/parkinsons-disease/drug-treatments
Surgical treatment options (11/04)
https://www.parkinson.org/living-with-parkinsons/treatment/surgical-treatment-options
Understanding Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
https://www.ohsu.edu/brain-institute/understanding-deep-brain-stimulation-dbs
About Parkinson’s 5 /9
https://www.irs.jp/article/?p=374
パーキンソン病、新たな治療法の可能性 5/9
https://parkinson-smile.net/treatment/p5.html
About Parkinson's symptoms
https://kobe-shinkyu-pd.jp/parkinson-yokuutsu-naosu-tameni
第3回：パーキンソン病 〜高齢化社会のCommon Disease〜 | かしわばブログ
パーキンソンの予防方法
https://kobe-shinkyu-pd.jp/parkinson-yobou-houhou
パーキンソン病の年齢別患者
https://kawamuranaika.jp/blog/nousinkei/5091
手術療法に関して

外科治療｜パーキンソン病の治療• Number of gamers worldwide by region 2021 | Statista
Number of gamers worldwide by region 2021 | Statista
Genz
https://newzoo.com/insights/infographics/gen-z-gamers-key-insights
Millenials
https://newzoo.com/insights/infographics/millennial-gamers-how-millennials-engage-with-video-ga
mes/
GenerationX
https://newzoo.com/insights/infographics/gen-x-gamers-how-gen-x-engage-with-video-games/
Babyboomer
https://newzoo.com/insights/infographics/gen-x-gamers-how-gen-x-engage-with-video-games/
about global gaming industry
https://www.gamesindustry.biz/global-gaming-market-to-hit-usd222-billion-this-year-data-ai
神経疾患の回復を促すゲームに開発
https://project.nikkeibp.co.jp/behealth/atcl/news/world/00054/
Article introducing Mind mazehttps://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mindmaze-defines-the-future-of-brain-health-with-digi
tal-neurotherapeutics-portfolio-301269857.html
Mind mazehttps://www.mindmaze.com/gaming-fun-and-functional/
toap runについて
https://www.curapy.com/jeux/toap-run/
The economic burden of PD among Medicare beneficiaries
https://www.jmcp.org/doi/pdf/10.18553/jmcp.2022.28.4.405
Medical in development for PD
https://phrma.org/resource-center/Topics/Medicines-in-Development/Medicines-in-Development-fo
r-Parkinsons-Disease-2014-ReportImprovement of Medical System〜Medical Staff Share their Task by Task Shifting System〜
5401 Ando Yuki

Abstract
I researched the medical system in Japan. I found some problems. One of them is the problem ofoverwork. These days, the Japanese government has come to grips with how to work in all jobs andmost of the job's work system has been improved. However, the medical system was not a major
improvement. There are several reasons. First, the lack of physicians. However, the number of doctors
has been reduced greatly. Then, why has the lack of physicians occurred? That is because there are a
lot of hospitals and uneven distribution of physicians. Also, it also has to do with the low number offemale physicians.
I think that task shifting is effective for these and other problems.

1 Introduction
Nowadays the Japanese government reviews working hours such as work-system reform. It isdefined as reforms to realize a society in which workers can choose a variety of work styles according
to their circumstances. It mainly has four points.
First, limited overtime work is prescribed forty-five hours per month and three hundred sixty hours ayear in principle. Even though there are crucial reasons, it must be within one hundred hours permonth and seven hundred hours a year. If it is exceeded, the person must pay a fine.
Second, Introduction of the work hour interval system. They are required to take an amount of time
off at least between the end of one workday and the start of the next day’s work. Third, the obligation
to take five days of paid leave per year. For workers who have ten or more days of paid leave per year,
such as a full-time 5 -day work week, companies are required to provide five days per year andviolations of this requirement are subject to fines to companies.
Fourth, the expansion of flexibility to the Flextime system. It is that workers decide the total numberof working hours in advance and they can decide their own daily start and end times and working
hours as they wish. It only could be applied up to one month before. However, it can be applied inincrements of two or three months.
In this, we can consider the system of physicians.

2 Discussion and implications
While the issue of doctors' working hours has been raised, the government has also begun to takeaction to address this issue. The government has also begun to take action to address this issue. The
reforms are divided into three levels: Level A, Level B, and Level C. The first level, Level A, applies
to all physicians. The first, Level A, applies to all physicians and includes restrictions on overtime
work. The first, level A, is for all physicians and includes a limit on overtime work of 960 hours orless per year. This makes no sense at all, as it means that doctors are allowed to work the same
number of overtime hours as the overwork line mentioned earlier. On the contrary, level B is for those
who work at medical institutions that provide emergency medical care and other urgent medical
services, and the upper limit is less than 1860 hours per year, a figure that far exceeds the overwork
line. Level C is also for physicians who need to accumulate case experience intensively in a shortperiod of time, such as initial clinical interns, medical specialists in the new medical specialty system,

and physicians aiming to acquire advanced skills, and the limit is less than 1860 hours. In addition tothis, they are allowed to exceed overtime hours under special circumstances. The situation in the
medical field is thus dire.
Then, I ‘ll talk about two main courses.

The graph on the left shows an international comparison of the number of hospital beds. The leftmost
graph shows that Japan has significantly more beds than other countries. The graph on the right shows
an international comparison of the number of physicians. It shows that Japan does not have so many
doctors compared to the rest of the world. These two graphs show that the number of physicians inJapan is insufficient for the number of hospital beds, and that the burden on a single physician is high.
This may be one of the reasons for the increase in doctors' working hours.
Another characteristic of Japanese physicians is the small number of women. The figure below showsthat the percentage of female doctors is very low compared to the rest of the world. I think the reason
for this is the problem of Japanese doctors. The stereotype that "I don't want female doctors to operate
on me" is held by many Japanese. If there were more female doctors, it would lead to a decrease inworking hours.

3 Conclution

To solve these problems, I would like to propose the promotion of task shifting. Task shifting is anattempt to alleviate the concentration of physician work and improve labor shortages and working
conditions by transferring and sharing physician work to pharmacists, nurses, and other co-medical
staff in the hospital. For example, when an accident such as "adverse drug reactions" occurs duringhospitalization, the patient must wait for the doctor's consultation and instructions to changeprescriptions, etc. However, if task shifting expands the work of each area of the co-medical staff, theco-medical staff will be able to respond more quickly at their own discretion.

4 References
https://honkawa2.sakura.ne.jp/1930a.html 「女医比率の国際比較」
https://www.nli-research.co.jp/report/detail/id=58024?pno=2&site=nli「病床を減らそうとしているらしいけど、なぜ？」
https://www.tis.amano.co.jp/gyomu_kaizen/「2024年開始予定の「医師の働き方改革」とは？」
https://gemmed.ghc-j.com/?p=44190「2019年度国民医療費」
https://www.watakyu.jp/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/20200915_2.pdf「医師勤務実態調査」

Education for All People— Using digital education tools—
5402 Iida Mima
1.Summary
I believe that education is fundamentally needed as a means of solving many of theissues that are occurring in the world. Many people in developing countries do nothave access to adequate education. There are many causes, but I have focused on
online education as a solution to these problems. I have made recommendations tochange the online educational materials used according to the age of the children, toreform online education to incorporate more forms of human interaction, and toprovide tablet terminals that do not require Wi-Fi.
2.Introduction○Background and purpose of this research
Although many of the world's problems have been solved in the last few decades,
there are still many people in the world who are poor and do not have access toadequate education. I believe that education is a major step toward people's affluent
lives and a better nation. For example, education may help people learn to accept
different values or diversity, and reduce wars. Also, thanks to education, people may
be able to farm more rationally, which may reduce hunger. In other words, I believethat solving the education problem will solve other problems.
The purpose of this research is to provide such education to more people and of
better quality. In this context, I turned my attention to digital education. I believe that
this can solve the factors that hinder access to education in developing countries. In
this study, I would like to consider how digital education should be used.
○Research Method(1) Research with the Internet.
(2) Based on the research, make proposals that will enable us to achieve theobjectives of the research.
3.Main discussion(1) Current Situation of education in developing countries
It is estimated that there are 61 million children worldwide who do not have accessto education, and more than half of them live in areas south of the Sahara Desert in
Africa. The number of children enrolled in school and attending school alone has
increased by an estimated 160 million compared to 10 years ago, but many
challenges remain.
The net enrollment rate in least developed countries, including South Sudan,
Uganda, and Bangladesh, is 80%, with one out of every five children out of school.
Meanwhile, the net attendance rate is 75%, with one in four children out of school.

Looking at the country-by-country data, we can see a bias that is not represented in
the averages. In South Sudan, the overall net enrollment rate for primary education
is 31%, and for girls only 27%. And although they are enrolled, only 20% of thesechildren actually attend school. In Uganda, enrollment in primary education is over
90% for both boys and girls, but the percentage of children who remain in the final
grade has dropped to 20%. The problem is not only low enrollment rates.
The average literacy rate in least developed countries is 63%, and in South Sudan,
the literacy rate among young people (15-24 years old) is only 44% for males and
30% for females. The country with the lowest literacy rate is Niger, with only 35% formales and 15% for females. The data also shows a significant disparity in education
for women.
So why do some children fail to get an education? Let us consider the causes. First,
there is the cause of the lack of an environment which is to receive an education in
the first place. Specifically, schools are not located nearby, the number of teachers issmall, and the quality of teachers is low. Secondly, many children are not able toattend school until their final year of school due to family reasons which means they
have to work to support their families even after starting school. In other cases,
parents lack understanding and interest in education and do not allow them to go toschool. Furthermore, cases of children being unable to attend school due to civil war
or conflict have become a problem in recent years. For example, in South Sudan,
there are many children who are unable to receive an adequate education because
they have become refugees due to civil war. The problem of "child soldiers," orchildren who are sent out as soldiers, is also a major factor.
Based on these causes, I thought that online education could solve this educational
problem. With online education, children in developing countries don't need a school
to take classes, and they can take classes from high quality teachers. Online
education allows students to study while working from home and does not cost muchmoney. Even during war, they may be able to study when they have time.
Before I discuss the various online education options, I would like to review thecurrent status of online education. and is projected to register a CAGR, Compound
Annual Growth Rate of around 12.68% over 2020-2027. The global online education
market is expected to grow 2.8 times during the assessment period 2020-2027.
(2) MOOCs, Massive Open Online Courses
MOOCs is a kind of digital education, and its formal name is Massive Open Online
Courses. Here I would like to introduce MOOCs, which have become increasingly
popular in recent years.
MOOCs refer to large-scale online courses that use the Internet. In many cases,
universities use a platform for video distribution to make lecture videos available tothe public. Students can view the videos by registering to use the platform andregistering for courses of their choice. Figure1 is an easy-to-understand summary ofthis mechanism. The "MOOC operator" is the "platform that distributes the videos.’’
This system started in the United States around 2008.
Figure1:How MOOCs work

Basically all classes can be viewed for free, but there is a fee for the certificate ofcompletion. Let me give you an example of Cousera which serves a lot of classes for
free, one of the many MOOCs, which offers free classes . It costs about US$49 for aone-month course. The certificate can be used as proof of what you have learned,
but it seems to be of less value than what you would get from actually studying at auniversity. Therefore, the certificate is not of high value, but only a proof of learning.
I mentioned Coursera a little above, but there are many other MOOC platforms out
there. The most representative ones are Coursera, edX, Swayam, and FutureLearn.
Figure2 shows you the current situation of various platforms.
Figure2: current situation of various platforms.
name of platform

number of users(tenthousands)

number of courses

Cousera

9,700

6,00

edX

4,200

3,550

Future Learn

2,200

1,400

Thus, "Coursera" is far ahead of other services. This indicates the high quality anddiversity of courses offered by "Coursera". While the examples given above areglobal platforms, I would like to introduce the Japanese version of MOOC, which wasestablished in 2013 as the Japan Open Online Education Council (JMOOC) topromote and expand MOOCs that started in the United States. JMOOC basicallyhandles courses at Japanese universities, and most of them are in Japanese. As of
March 2023, JMOOC had 617 courses and over 1.39 million registered users.
MOOCs allow students to take lectures in a variety of systems. Higher education at
the university level is available through online lectures. Here are some examples.
University lectures are directly converted into videos of classes for their own
students, and you can take various types of highly specialized lectures, such as
lectures in the humanities, lectures related to art and design, lectures in science andengineering, and so on. There are also those for business people to learn businessknowledge. Students can take leadership training, project management training, andother management-related knowledge. In addition, Udacity's services include a wide
variety of lectures related to IT, such as mathematics, web development,
programming, and deep learning.
The MOOCs introduced so far are free to use and are online lectures, which may
provide an opportunity for people around the world who would otherwise havedifficulty accessing education. However, MOOCs are best suited for educatingcollege students and adults, but do not achieve a fuller education for children, as
many of the lectures are highly specialized. Therefore, next, I would like to consider
online education suitable for primary and secondary education.
(3) e-Educatione-Education is a non-profit organization that provides video education to children inrural areas of developing countries who are disadvantaged in educational
opportunities.So far, we have delivered education to more than 30,000 junior highand high school students in 14 countries.
At the beginning of their activities, they produced DVD-based video lessons inspiredby the model of the preparatory school they attended for university entrance exams,
and offered them to people in developing countries. Later, in 2015, whensmartphones began to spread even to rural areas in developing countries, theyswitched to education using tablet devices. Furthermore, in 2017, they jointly
developed a tablet specialized for video education. In 2019, they developed an
online learning application. Currently, there are approximately 2,000 lessons and10,000 digital questions for both arts and sciences. In addition, students can evenreceive a correction service for written questions and essays. The system not only
delivers lessons and question papers, but also records the results of the lessons andtests online. In addition, an online tutoring business connecting urban university
students with rural students preparing for entrance exams is also in the works for2020.
So far, I have introduced MOOCs and e-Education specifically, but there are many
online education systems in this world that have provided education to people indeveloping countries. e-Education is a group that serves secondary school students
with many classes, but similar organizations for elementary school students also
exist. I would like to describe some examples.

(4) Online Education Case Studies
In Cambodia, when classes were canceled at schools due to COVID19, online
classes were delivered on the Ministry of Education's website. Think! Think!" is anapplication created by WonderLab (Tokyo, Japan) for kindergarten through early
elementary school students to help them acquire spatial awareness, plane figures,and other elements that form the basis of thinking skills while having fun. Think! In
Cambodia, where the improvement of the educational environment and academic
ability is a national issue, WonderLab has been promoting the use of "Think! The
Cambodian government asked us if we could use "Think!Think!" for interactive
learning at home, and we decided to provide it free of charge," says Hiroki Watanabeof WonderLab.
Next, I will introduce a case study in Uzbekistan. When all educational institutions
across the country were closed in mid-March, we received a strong request from the
Ministry of National Education of Uzbekistan to distribute Japanese learningmaterials. In response, we began to deliver a mathematics video course for juniorhigh school students using the remote learning support system we have beenbuilding in Uzbekistan," said a staff member of Digital Knowledge (Tokyo). Digital
Knowledge was commissioned by JICA to conduct a demonstration project in
Uzbekistan from August 2019, including e-learning training, academic achievement
tests, and after-school classes. The project had produced results in teacher training,as well as math, English, and mental arithmetic classes using the know-how ofJapanese educational companies.
This time, since all schools in Uzbekistan have been closed, we are providing a freemath video course, "Basic Math," using the e-learning system that has already been
established.
4.Conclusion
Digital education such as e-Education should be promoted for children who are notsatisfied with primary and secondary education. In doing so, consultation andcoordination should be made among countries so that people in developing countries
can receive services easily and inexpensively. In addition, taking into consideration
the fact that network infrastructure is underdeveloped in some areas, if necessary,
tablets that can be used without Wi-Fi, etc., should be provided. In cases where thisis difficult, we considered creating a system where online terminals could be
consolidated in a single location, where students could take classes there. This
would solve problems such as the number and poor quality of teachers.
Furthermore, especially in elementary education, skills that can only be developed
face-to-face, such as cooperation, are important, so it is necessary to design asystem in which students can receive digital education at school on certain days of
the week and at home on other days. In this case, tools such as Google Classroom
should be used to support smooth communication between teachers and students.
Next, let's look at higher education. In higher education, MOOCs should be
effectively utilized, and reforms should be promoted such as creating a system that

allows students to obtain degrees through MOOCs and increasing time fordiscussion among students. In education in any era, it is important not to rely solely
on digital technology. In developing countries, a mix of face-to-face and digital
education should be provided.
5.References
https://column.savechildren.or.jp/what-is-conflict-causes-and-effects-on-children
紛争とは？その影響や子どもたちへの影響
https://www.worldvision.jp/children/poverty_13.html#d0e9d87eb78fa54e47cd213ca7
606442
飢餓の解決策は？飢餓の現状と原因を知ろう
https://career-ed-lab.mynavi.jp/career-column/1150/
MOOCとは？無料で世界中の講義が受けられる⁈進むオンライン教育改革
https://schoo.jp/biz/column/1251
MOOCとは？日本におけるMOOCの現状やメリット・デメリットについて解説
https://www.internetacademy.jp/it/programming/programming-basic/what-is-mooc.ht
ml
MOOC（ムーク）とは？世界で注目されている学習方法でスキルアッ
https://manatoku.com/coursera-intro/
Cousera入門ガイド
https://manatoku.com/coursera-plus/
Cousera Plusとは、料金
https://school.curious-world.co.jp/archives/993
JMOOCって何？
https://qeee.jp/magazine/articles/5314
EdTecで注目を集めるMOOCsとは
https://reseed.resemom.jp/article/2020/11/18/855.html
世界のオンライン教育市場、2027年には2.8倍に急増
https://www.jica.go.jp/Resource/topics/2020/20200519_01.html
子どもたちの学びを守ろうIdeal Working Style-Labor innovations corresponding to the country5403 Iwazaki Sumire
Abstract
Working hours around the world vary greatly from country to country. The country with thelongest hours is Mexico and the country with the shortest is Germany(OECD, in 2021). Then,
why does Germany have the shortest working hours? This is because of the high laborproductivity resulting from the introduction of IT tools. On the contrary, Mexico's long
working hours are due to low labor productivity. Therefore, I propose the introduction of IT
tools. I propose a system called ERP and RPA. These systems can manage various businesssystems and they can consolidate. If we use it, we can reduce the personnel expenses andworking hours.
Therefore, I predict that the introduction of these systems will reduce working hours aroundthe world. However, they have some disadvantages, so I would like to make other solutions.

1 Introduction
Labor is an essential part of life. And it is something that will be a major part of ours in theyears. However, we often hear words like "long hours", "overwork" and "overtime" in daily
life. And there is a big difference among countries. One thing we often hear is that working
hours in Europe are shorter than in Japan. However, we do not know why this is so.
Specifically, we hope to eliminate long working hours by finding out the reasons why somecountries have long working hours and others have short working hours. Ultimately, we wantto create a kind of "labor" that allows all people to work without burdening their health.

2 Discussion and implications〈 Graph①〉
A ranking of the working hours of theworld's OECD member countries show
the current average working hours in
2021.(Graph①) The world’s average is1725 hours per year, and the average inJapan is 1716 hours. The country with thelongest working hours is Mexico (2128
hours per year), and the country with theshortest working hours is Germany (1349
hours). Comparing these two countries,
we can see that there is a difference ofabout 750 hours. Looking at the rankingof other countries, it can be seen that thecountries with the longest working hours

are dominated by Asian countries, such as Costa Rica, Colombia, Chile, and South Korea. On
the other hand, the countries with short working hours are Germany, Norway, Denmark, andFrance. It almost indicates European countries which have short working hours.
〈 Graph②〉Many people suffer health problems as aresult of work. In 2017, Graph② showsthat the high number of overwork deaths
and overwork suicides in Japan. There are a
lot of health hazards. In addition, it also
shows that while the number of overwork
deaths is decreasing, but the number ofoverwork suicides is increasing. Long
working hours are one of Japan's leadingsocial problems, and the term "overwork
death" is also used in English. In these years, overwork deaths have become a big problem in
the world. And in May 2021, the WHO announced that "long working hours kill 745,000
people a year. The causes of overwork death and overwork suicide are the accumulation of
fatigue due to lack of sleep and terrible stress. This shows that long working hours andoverwork death is a problem that we need to solve.
I researched Germany, which has the shortest working hours at 1349 hours. Germany uses
the system called “the Working Time Savings System”. The working time savings system is asystem that grants leave rather than extra pay for overtime work. The benefits of this system
include an improved work-life balance for employees. However, it would be difficult to
introduce this system in Japan, because it would violate laws. So why is Mexico's working
time so long? This is because of the low labor productivity. In Mexico, there are a lot ofcompanies that say Saturday isn't a holiday.
How can we reduce the number of working hours in the world? We need to increase laborproductivity. To do so, we need to use IT tools. I recommend using both ERP and RPA. ERP
is the system that manages various business systems. It can consolidate, so we don’t have tomanage a lot of information. RPA is the system thatdo the work automatically. If we use it, we can reduce the personnel expenses and working
hours. Therefore, to introduce at the same time, ERP and RPA become more effective. As aresult, we can reduce the work that people do. However they are very expensive. Both ERP
and RPA cost from 1 to 10 million yen each.
Therefore, the cost of both are very expensive to introduce. This makes it difficult to
introduce the system in small and medium-sized companies. I think we must create a subsidy
program. In addition, they are difficult to use, so I think support is necessary. For example,
making a subsidy system and doing EPA and RPA courses. They are very good things, butthey have some disadvantages (Who teaches where and how?), so I want to make more usefulsolutions. And we want to make it possible for any company to introduce them.
Finally I would like to recommend using these systems in companies around the world.

3 Conclusion

My purpose is to reduce working time, and make sure all people can work healthy. To that
end, I suggest implementing both ERP and RPA. If we use these systems, we can work more
quickly, and we can finish working early. I hope to make use of these in various jobs. I also
want to take these systems to developing countries, small and medium-sized companies.
However, they have some disadvantages, so I would like to make solutions.
Finally, I want to create a kind of "labor" that allows all people to work without burdening
their health.

4 References
World Working Hours Rankings and Trends by Country (OECD) 2023.06.21
https://www.globalnote.jp/post-14269.html
Actual working hours in Mexico 2019.03.25
https://kuno-cpa.co.jp/mexico_blog/labor-time-3/
Can a Working Time Savings System be Introduced in Japan? Feasibility and Benefits
2021.07.09
https://ak4.jp/column/working-time-savings-system/
What is「ERP」
https://www.obic.co.jp/knowledge/erp_foundation/
Also explains case studies! - ｜RPA Business Automation Solution
https://www.hitachi-solutions.co.jp/rpa/sp/about/
ERP and RPA with different functions and features. 2022.04.13
https://www.noc-net.co.jp/blog/2021/03/column_432/
What are the penalties for violations of the Labor Standards Law? What happens to acompany that is found to be in violation?
https://corporate.vbest.jp/columns/4315/
What is overwork? Definition and Measures to Be Taken by the Company 2021.12.17
https://www.r-agent.com/business/knowhow/article/10826/
WHO says long working hours are killing 745,000 people a year 2021.06.05
https://gigazine.net/news/20210605-who-long-working-kill-745000-people/
How much does it cost to implement RPA? Introducing cost quotes and estimates.
2022.11.19
https://robotango.biz/knowledge/knowhow/1733/

How much does ERP cost to implement? Explaining the Price Difference between Cloud and
On-Premise 2023.11.28
https://it-trend.jp/erp/article/priceEating Rice
To solve the problem of Japanese people’s breakfast
5404 Ryuto Umezawa
Abstract
I think Japanese people have a problem with meals. That is some people do not eat breakfast.
According to a survey results from "nosh" which is the meals home delivery service
company, about thirty percent of Japanese people do not eat breakfast every day. According
to the survey, the causes of a lot of people don’t eat breakfast are no time to eat breakfast, notbeing hungry in the morning, and eating is troublesome in the morning. I think this problem
is bad for us. Eating breakfast is connected to our health. If we don’t have breakfast, we won't
be fine from morning. I think eating rice balls in the morning can solve the problem.If wemake a rice ball for breakfast, we can change the deal. And last year, I researched about riceand I learned that rice is not allergen, rice is more filling than bread. So, I think the foodmade for rice can solve the causes of the problem and rice balls will become our hero forbreakfast. But, in my research, I realized that when we eat only rice balls, we can’t getenough nutritions. So, If we want to get enough nutritions in the morning, we have to eat arice ball and more than one meal. For example, salad, fruits, miso soup and so on. But thesituations which we eat more than two foods in the morning promote the problem because thesituation can’t solve the problem “no time to eat breakfast” “not being hungry in themorning”. So, I researched about rice ball sandwiches and I want to suggest eating them. Riceball sandwiches become hero for our breakfast.
1 Introduction
I researched about rice for two years and I wanted to make the most of the knowledge I
learned by my research. So, I thought about what is a problem rice can solve. I think the
problem is some Japanese people do not eat breakfast. A lot of research told us breakfast isimportant for us. So, I think this is the problem we should solve. And, I thought I should use
a lot of information, so I researched about the culture of breakfast in foreign countries. After
that, I found some cultural breakfast’s good points.
2 Discussion and implicationsFirst, I researched the good points of rice. The dominant nutrition of rice is carbohydrates
but rice has a lot of nutrients such as protein, vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber. So we canunderstand that rice is a healthy food.
Second, I researched rice's better points than bread. The better points are “rice is more fillingthan bread”, “rice doesn't have allergen”. The first better point is affected by chewing. The
data of chewing by “Kamigotae Hayamihyou” shows this fact. The data shows rice has 5
chewing scores but bread has 3 chewing scores. If we eat the foods which have high scores,
we need a lot of chewing. So we can get satisfaction from eating. In order to feel full, thesatiety center is activated, and factors that activate the satiety center include elevated blood
glucose levels. The increase in blood glucose level due to eating has a great deal to do withthe speed at which starch is digested and absorbed. Chewing food well causes the secretion of
more saliva, which is quickly broken down into starch sugars in the food. The satiety center
takes about 15 to 20 minutes to detect that blood glucose levels have risen with a meal, so it
is easier to feel full when eating rice, which can be eaten more slowly due to chewing.
Second better point is rice does not have an allergen. The material of bread wheat has anallergen. This is the big difference between rice and bread. The data of number of people withallergies by「平成30年度食物アレルギーに関連する食品表示に関する調査研究事業報告」 published by the Consumer Affairs Agency in 2018 shows the fact that wheat occupies
for 10.6% of allergy-causing foods.
Next, I researched about the problem of Japanese people’s breakfasts. Frozen home-delivery
meal service company “nosh” in Osaka did a research. The name of research is “朝食に関する意識調査” and the research result shows us the fact that 63.7% of people eat breakfast
every morning. So we can find that 36.3% of the people do not get breakfast every day. And
the homepage of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries said “The percentage of
people who do not eat breakfast is increasing every year, especially about 30% of men in
their 20s and 30s do not eat breakfast.” Like this, about the situation of some people do not
eat breakfasts, there are some factors. For example, “ not having much time” , “ not hungry”“ the reason for money” “the reason for health, for example dieting” “eating breakfast is achore.” My primary goal was to resolve these factors that prevented me from eating
breakfast. I also researched the benefits of eating breakfast, the homepage of the Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries said “If you do not eat breakfast, you tend to feel idly inthe morning, even though your body is moving. Breakfast should provide glucose, a source ofenergy for the brain, and wake up the brain and body. Staple foods such as rice contain a lotof glucose, which is a source of energy for the brain, so you can concentrate on your studies
or work in the morning.”
Based on these things, I thought eating a rice ball was the best idea. We can make rice balls
very easily so I think it can solve “eating breakfast is a chore.” And, we can eat rice balls
very quickly by only one hand and we can preparation its deal so rice balls also solve “ nothaving much time” , “ not hungry”
But, the research results of “Otsuka Seiyaku” shows us the fact that the important thing is toeat breakfast which contains a lot of nutrients, so if we eat breakfast such as only rice balls,
breads, we cannot get many benefits by eating breakfast. We should eat some foods such as
salad, soup, fish and meat. So, I search for the special food which contains the benefits of riceballs and the culture of breakfasts in foreign countries.
I researched a lot of breakfast culture in foreign countries such as America, the United
Kingdom, Vietnam, Italy and so on. And I think the breakfast of America and Vietnam is sogood. First, American people often eat cereal. If we eat cereal, we can get short breakfast
time and we can eat a lot of nutritions. Cereal has a lot of nutrition such as milk, grains, fruits
and vegetables. But, wheat, milk and soybean are allergen. Second, I think the culture inwhich Vietnamese people eat “banh mi” like a sandwich is so good, because it has a lot of
nutritions. So, these foods’ benefits can support rice balls’ demerits “less nutritious” . I founda special food which has both of benefits. That is a rice ball sandwich.

Sandwich rice is similar to a sandwich but the part of bread is rice. For example, you can get
all the nutrients of protein, carbohydrates, and vitamins by sandwich rice balls with lettuce,meat, or eggs sandwiched between the rice.
Therefore, I think that by promoting sandwich rice balls to the public, we can help solve thebreakfast problem in Japan, and I propose to promote sandwich rice balls.
3 Conclusion and Future Issues
Based on this research, I can understand that Japan has a serious problem and the key tosolve this problem is rice ball sandwich.
After that, I want to promote the rice ball sandwich and I want to remove its problem. For
example, sandwich rice balls take longer to make than onigiri. I want to make the recipe formyself and connect to solve the problem.

4 Reference
https://www.lieugaksquare.com/us/info/foodculture.php
Is fast food common in American food culture?
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/syokuiku/kodomo_navi/oneday/morning1.html
The reason that breakfast is important
https://www.itmedia.co.jp/business/articles/2206/25/news034.html
The reason that Japanese people don’t eat breakfast
https://www.otsuka.co.jp/health-and-illness/balance/breakfast/
The importance of breakfast
https://sekai-musubi.com/
Sekaimusubi
https://midorifoods.com/gyomuyomai-kaigo/rice-vs-wheat/
Rice vs. Bread" for a Healthy Body: A Comparison of the Differences and Nutritional Valueof Rice and Wheat
https://www.ibasikai.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/49_pdf05.pdf
chewability chart
https://www.mapple.net/global/column/c_world/world-breakfast/
Ten Breakfasts of the World

Change Your Sleep
To help all people get a good night sleep
ID 5405

氏名 Yu Orita

Abstract
Many people in today's society are dissatisfied with their sleep. It is a well-known fact that
longer sleep increases performance levels, but because there are only so many hours in a day,many people are unable to devote long periods of time to sleep. The first time that is likely to
be cut back when time is in short supply would be sleep time. Although this is the case, it is
one of the most important things for humans, and we believe that simply improving our sleep
can dramatically improve our quality of life. However, sleep research and the study of thebrain as it relates to sleep is still a sector in which there are still many unknowns, and even in
the United States, where research is at the forefront, and even in Europe, there are still manythings that have not been clarified. Furthermore, sleep is a sector that varies widely fromperson to person, and no specific remedy has yet been discovered that applies to all people,
making it difficult to improve.
1.Introduction
Therefore, this study focused on the placebo effect, which is beginning to be adopted inoverseas medical care, and promoted research to utilize it to obtain better sleep.
2.Discussion and implications
Harvard University has revealed that the brain independently acquires skills during sleep,
when the body is not moving. It was also found that the retention of unspoken words also
takes place during sleep. This was tested in what is called the serial tapping test. Sequence
tapping is a test in which the non-dominant finger is assigned a number (1 for the index
finger, 2 for the middle finger, 3 for the ring finger, and 4 for the little finger), and when fivenumbers appear on the display, such as "2-4-1-3-1," the corresponding finger is used to tap
the key to input the number, and the test measures how much can be input within 30 seconds.

Furthermore, reflexes and cognitive ability were also found to be related to sleep duration. Elevensubjects from the Harvard University basketball team, with an average age of 19.4 years, were given 2~4
weeks of life as usual, followed by 5~7 weeks of life in which they were required to sleep at least 10 hours
every night. The results showed that when they increased their sleep time, there was a significant
improvement in performance. These results show that sleep is essential for improving human performance.
According to data from Philips, a company that conducts global sleep surveys, not many people
worldwide are satisfied with their sleep. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to improve the quality ofsleep so that those who are in an environment that does not allow them to extend their sleep time cancompensate for the small amount of sleep they get by getting good quality sleep.
Currently well-known solutions for improving sleep quality include ingesting bananas and milk, smelling
aromas, and bathing time. Since all of these have been shown to have large individual differences and notvery significant results, we focused on the placebo effect, which has been used as a solution for several
diseases. The significance of this study is to prove that the placebo effect can be applied to sleep toimprove sleep quality, thereby creating a method of sleep improvement that applies to many people.
Research methods are primarily experimental. With the help of my own schoolmates, I conducted anexperiment to show that the placebo effect is related to sleep.
The experimental method involves having two groups of four people each, one group eating a banana
before bedtime and the other group eating a lemon. When they woke up in the morning, they were asked toexpress their scores in terms of how well they slept, how well they felt, and the quality of their sleep. Bothgroups were told in advance that the fruit contained an ingredient that had a positive effect on sleep, but
only the lemon actually contained it, not the banana.

3.Conclusion
The results of all experiments show that the placebo effect is effective for sleep.
For these reasons, the placebo effect should be utilized in sleep as well.
4.References
PRESIDENT Online (2019).https://president.jp/articles/-/27220?page=1 2022.10.14
TECHBLITZ (2019).https://techblitz.com/aging-stanford-nishino/ 2022.6.14
TORCH (2020).https://torch-sports.jp/article/sleep-performance-Improvement-1st 2022.6.17
PRESIDENT Online (2020).https://president.jp/articles/-/40356?page=2 2022.6.17.
National Library of Medicine (2014). Chronic lack of sleep is associated with increased sports injuries inadolescent athletes
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25028798/ 2022.10.18
TECHBLITZ (2019). https://techblitz.com/stanford-nishino-suimin-1/ 2022.11.11

TECHBLITZ (2019).
https://techblitz.com/stanford-nishino-suimin-2/ 2022.11.11
TECHBLITZ (2019). https://techblitz.com/stanford-nishino-suimin-3/ 2022.11.11
National Library of Medicine (2002). Practice with sleep makes perfect: sleep-dependent motor skill
learning
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12123620/ 2022.12.9

New Medical Treatment Ran by AI~Preventing lifestyle disease~5406 Yusei Orihara
Abstract
Recent years, the number of people who have lifestyle diseases and die from it is increasing.
What is shown here is that many people who are not elderly are dying or in bad condition.
However, we can prevent lifestyle diseases.. And, the power of AI has progressed in the last
few years. Therefore, in this study, I considered how to prevent lifestyle diseases andexplored specific approaches by using AI.
In conclusion, I propose the running of applications that provide suggestions to improve
lifestyle by using AI. And I think it should be run by some countries. The reason is the spreadof smartphones in these years and the property of AI. Thanks to the spread of smartphones,
applications can affect many people. And we can collect a lot of information for AI learning
by running in some countries.
As a challenge, this method does not have binding force. Therefore, it is necessary to explore
how to enhance its effectiveness while respecting individual freedoms. Additionally, the easewith which malicious entities can input false values, interrupting the learning process, is aconcern. To make solutions to these challenges is the perspective of this research.
1 Introduction
Figure 1 is statistics of the reason fordeaths in 2000 and 2019. A glance at
Figure 1 will reveal that ischaemic heartdisease is the biggest reason for death, andstroke follows it. These diseases are called“Lifestyle Diseases” and the lifestyle ofpatients affects the incidences.
Besides, Artificial Intelligence(AI) thesedays made progress dramatically by a new
way of learning called “Deep Learning”. As
a result, AI has become able to win the top
player of table games, generate illustrations
by some words of picture, and talk withpeople.
So, the purpose of this study is to examine
the way to control lifestyle diseases byusing AI.

2 Discussion and implications

・Current challenges
Figure 1 ranks global causes of death. It reveals that the promotion of non-communicablediseases(shown with light blue) significantly increased from the statistics in 2000. Theselifestyle diseases, excluding Alzheimer's disease, are considered that lifestyle has much to dowith these onset. In this way, this figure indicates that the number of patients with lifestylediseases are increasing globally.
Lifestyle diseases sometimes kill younger people. It connects to decreasing workers, so it isessential for us to make a countermeasure of lifestyle diseases.
・Difinision
For the purpose of this study, I specifically use cancer, heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes,and cerebrovascular diseases as lifestyle diseases. These diseases are mentioned by WHO in
Figure 1, and hypertension is included due to its high prevalence.
・Suggestion
I propose the creation of an application that uses AI to automatically provide suggestions for
improving lifestyle habits. There are two reasons why I suggest using AI applications.
First, the widespread use of smartphones is one of
the reasons for the suggestion. According to figure
2, in affluent countries, over 90% of the population
owns smartphones, while even in less affluent
nations, around 25% of individuals havesmartphones. Moreover, since we use smartphones
while keeping near places where we can reach anduse smartphones easily, I think that applications
have a lot of opportunities for use.
Second, the improvement of machine and AI
ability is also one of the reasons for this suggestion.
The advent of deep learning in 2006 and thepractical application of machine learning haveenabled AI to achieve complex and advanced
information processing.
・Details
Figure 3 shows us a rough outline of theapplication. Users contribute their own act andhealth information, while the service provider,referring to past data, offers improvement
suggestions to the users. Therefore, I consider it
crucial for service providers to gather informationfrom users. Analyzing information before
and after the presentation of improvement
suggestions allows the system to improveanalysis.

Moreover, I think they should be
carried out as a public initiative. For
example, in Japan, more than 15%
of citizens have lifestyle diseases.
Approximately 16% of thehealthcare expenses covered by theJapanese government are allocatedto lifestyle-related diseases. This
expense isn’t small, so theimportance of acting in order toreduce patients of lifestyle diseases
is critical. And, this proposal requires initial costs.
Specifically, expenses for application development and the maintenance of servers are
anticipated. Additionally, given the broad scope of lifestyle improvements and the preventive
lifestyle diseases inherent in using the application, it is necessary to realize lower burden forusers. In order to minimize the burden on users and address the challenge of monetization forsustainable operation, especially considering potential funding shortages, it is suitable toundertake this initiative as a public project rather than relying on private entities such as
businesses.
In order to make this AI, we have to collect a lot of information about past diagnoses.
Considering the mechanism of AI, collected data must be closely related to the quality of theAI. The increase of the number of patients of lifestyle diseases is worldwide, so theeffectiveness of my approach is expected to improve through its action worldwide.
3 Conclusion
This study suggests the development of an application that provides suggestions for
improving lifestyle habits by using AI. Additionally, I suggest that the system I proposed
should be carried out collaboratively as a public initiative across some countries.
There are some challenges in my study. First, my suggestion is only to provide information
to users. In other words, whether users actually implement the suggested behaviors andimprove their lifestyle completely depends on the users. Moreover, since this method relies
on data provided from uses for learning, so there is a potential risk of wrong results due tomalicious users inputting abnormal values. Addressing these issues will be necessary, andseeking solutions to these challenges is a key aspect of future prospects.
4 References
The top 10 causes of death - WHOhttps://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death
Ischemic heart disease - Tokyo Teishin Hospital
https://www.hospital.japanpost.jp/tokyo/shinryo/jyunnai/kyoketsu.html
To All Patients: Ischemic Heart Disease - National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
https://www.ncvc.go.jp/hospital/pub/knowledge/disease/ischemic-heart-disease/Symptoms and Prevention of Stroke - Chiba Nousinkeigeka Byoin
https://ssl.chiba-nougeka.or.jp/brain/
Respiratory Diseases: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease -The Japanese Respiratory
Societyhttps://www.jrs.or.jp/citizen/disease/b/b-01.html
Lung Cancer Prevention and Screening - National Cancer Center
https://ganjoho.jp/public/cancer/lung/prevention_screening.html
What is diabetes? - Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
https://dmic.ncgm.go.jp/general/about-dm/010/010/01.html
Chronic kidney disease - Hyogo Medical University Hospital
https://www.hosp.hyo-med.ac.jp/disease_guide/detail/21
Smartphone Ownership Is Growing Rapidly Around the World, but Not Always Equally Pew Research Center
https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/02/05/smartphone-ownership-is-growing-rapidly-around-the-world-but-not-always-equally/
Summary of Patient Survey for the Year 2017 (Heisei 29) - Ministry of Health、Labour andWelfarehttps://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/kanja/17/dl/01.pdf
Population Estimates (June 2022 Final, November 2022 Preliminary) Released on November
21, 2022-Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Statistics Bureau
https://www.stat.go.jp/data/jinsui/new.html

Save The Shopping Refuges
Suggestions for Each Situation.
5407

Kataoka Hijiri

Abstract
The final goal of my search is to save shopping refugees. I am interested in mobile vending
machines. The population of Japanese shopping refugees is increasing, so I think it is aserious problem now.To solve this problem I searched on the Internet. As for my suggestion,
I suggest 3 types to carry food.First practical use of a sharing delivery service. The sharing
delivery service is a general team of Uber Eats ,Demaekan. Today, many people, mainly
young people use this service, but there is a problem. To order through these services, wemust use mechanical devices, which is difficult for elderly people.Second is the mobile
vending machine. I recommend it, because almost everyone can use it,but 42％ of the
management of mobile vending machine is in the red. I think collecting money throughcrowdfunding is essential. I think many people will sympathize with this idea.Third, the useof cutting edge.Many companies carried out such an experiment.However I am thinking
about cooperation with Japan Post. Japan Post carried it not only with a drone, but also themachine.I think it will be possible to deliver it to our house more safely and faster.

1 Introduction
The background of this research is what interested me in mobile vending machines two years
ago. When I was watching TV, I was surprised that mysterious cars appeared. I found it was avending machine. I searched what kind of social problems can be solved with the machines. I
came to know about shopping refugees. I worked on this problem, so my final goal in thisresearch is to suggest how to buy foods not only for shopping refugees but also for people.
The previous research which was done by Mr.Kidati from Chuo university said store
assortment is bad,which is the most serious problem, but I thought improving the qualities ofassortments is difficult only with my research because it is associated with the company's
problems.
I have three questions.First I thought: What tools are available to sell foods? Second Whatkinds of things are shopping refugees having trouble with? Finally what suggestions are thebest in each situattions?
2 Discussion and implications
I stipulate the definition of shopping refuges as [People, especially the elderly, who
experience inconvenience and difficulty in purchasing food and eating and drinking.]
according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.

figure 1
Please look at the figure1. The graph shows the figures of shopping refuges ,and the rate of
shopping refuges of the elderly. I can affirm there are so many shopping refuges, one-fourthof elderly are shopping refugees ,and the figures of shopping refuges are so many not only inrural areas but also in urban areas.
I searched the situation of foreign shopping refugees. I searched 4 countries,but there is little
information about the problem.I searched America,China,Korea,and Britain.
In the U.S. shopping refugees are a problem, although it varies from state to state, andmeasures are being taken to address this problem, such as purchase substitution and the use ofotsukai cabs.In China The problem of shopping for refugees is not a big problem .According
to Takashi Nakagawa, he believes this is because there are stores that can be quickly accessed
inside apartment complexes such as the "Nana Ichiba" (vegetable market).
Korea is similar to Japan, because the percentage of mountains in the land area,and theclimate are similar. Korea also uses mobile vending machines which is called “Donraku”
store(figure2).

figure2
In Britain: Not only Britain but also Canada and America establish specific shopping hours
only for elderly people.
Compared with those above solutions, Japan is a rare case.

The significance of my research is that eating foods is essential to our society.
To solve crying foods for people in need of shopping.
3 Conclusion
As for my suggestion, I suggest 3 types to carry food.
First practical use of a sharing delivery service. The sharing delivery service is a general teamof Uber Eats ,Demaekan. Today, many people, mainly young people use this service, butthere is a problem. To order through these services, we must use mechanical devices, which isdifficult for elderly people, so I recommend a new plan especially for elderly people.
Second mobile vending machine. I recommend it, because almost everyone can use it ,but 42％ of the management of mobile vending machine is in the red(figure3). I think collecting
money through crowdfunding is essential. I think many people will sympathize with this idea.

figure3
Third, the use of cutting edge. Look at the figure 4

figure 4
Figure 4 is a picture of practical use of drones. Many companies carried out such an
experiment.However I am thinking about cooperation with Japan Post. Japan Post not only
carried it with a drone, but also the machine which looked like figure 4 & 5..I think it will bepossible to deliver it to our house more safely and faster.

figure 5
The point of assignment is a cooperation with Japan Post. I cannot make a proposal just by
thinking in my head, so I can make a proposal while thinking about corporate profits.

4 References
・「Food Access Issues in a Super-Aging Society: Shopping Refugees,

Toward Solutions for Shopping Refugees, Vulnerable Shoppers, and Food Desert Problems」〈" https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jfsr/22/3/22_377/_pdf 〉（2023/10/23）
・「Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications」〈https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000496972.pdf 〉（2022/01/19）
・「Transformation of Small Goods Distribution in China」〈https://nakamura-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2790/files/01-005-13-10%20%E4%B8%AD%
E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91...%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%9D.pdf〉（2023/11/22）
・「Shopping Refugees: The Case of the U.S.」〈
https://www.weblio.jp/wkpja/content/%E8%B2%B7%E3%81%84%E7%89%A9%E9%9B%
A3%E6%B0%91_%E7%B1%B3%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BE%8
B〉（2022/08/30）
・「The Case of South Korea's Social Economy 」〈
http://sapenet.net/faq/%E9%9F%93%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%
9A%E7%9A%84%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BE%8B%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%97%EF%BC%89%E4%B8%8E%E6%B0%91%E
5%90%8C%E6%A5%BD%EF%BC%88%E3%83%A8%E3%83%9F?ckattempt=1 〉（2023/11/22）
・「Setting shopping hours exclusively for the elderly Supermarkets in Europe and the U.S.
New virus」〈https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20200319/k10012338861000.html 〉（2023/11/22）
・「Shopping time "exclusively for the elderly" spreading 」〈https://ideasforgood.jp/2020/03/25/golden-time-for-the-elderly/ 〉（2023/11/22）
・「Income and Expenses after Business Succession」〈https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000738993.pdf 〉（2023/12/03）
・「Practical use of mobile vending machines」〈http://kyodoshi.com/article/12642 〉（2023/12/03）
・「Japan Post」〈https://drone-journal.impress.co.jp/docs/special/1183993.html 〉 （2023/12/03）

Support the Elderly by Using ICT~Reduce the burden on young people~
5408 Kawakami Rina

Abstract
In recent years, aging is becoming a big problem in the world, especially in developed
countries. I studied to improve the life of elderly by using ICT, and reduce the burden on
young people. Mainly study developed countries with particularly aging populations. Using
ICT by the elderly has a lot of advantages for the elderly, their family, and society. However,many elderly can’t use ICT because they do not know how to use the internet and havefacilities to use the internet. I suggest providing a place where the elderly can learn about theinternet, such as internet literacy and how to use it. Also, I suggest hiring someone who canteach them. In addition, there are various problems in introducing and using ICT equipment
in care now. For example, it requires a high cost of introduction and it is difficult to use. To
solve these problems, I propose to develop new devices that are easy to introduce and use,and someone teach caregivers how to introduce and use them.

1 Introduction
In recent years, aging is becoming a big problem in the world, especially in developed
countries. Therefore, it is more important to improve the elderly support. Also, we must
reduce the burden on the younger generation, which is increasing due to the declining
birthrate and aging population. I research the cause and solution of these problems. Finally I
suggest solutions.

2 Discussion and implications
In 2022, the Japanese population 65 years old and over is 36.24 million people. The
aging population is at 29.0%. It is estimated that the aging rate will continue to rise.
There are two main causes of the aging of the population. First is age-adjusted death
rate (a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions)decline and population 65 years old and over increase. Second is the declining birthrate andthe young population decrease. After World War II, the age-adjusted death rate in Japandeclined significantly because of improved living conditions, dietary and nutritional status,
and advances in medical technology, from 23.6 for men and 18.3 for women in 1947 to 13.3
for men and 7.2 for women in 2020.
Comparing the aging rates of developed countries, Japan was in the lower rank until
the 1980s, and almost in the middle rank in the 1990s. However, Japan's rank became highest
in 2005. It is expected to continue to get high rank.
In addition, aging is now not only a problem
in Japan, but it is becoming a global social

issue. The global aging rate rose from 5.1% in 1950 to 9.3% in 2020. It is expected to rise to17.8% by 2060. Aging will develop quickly over the next 40 years. Furthermore, the aging
population is rising quickly in developing countries. According to the graph, in 2022, theworld aging rate is only 10%, however, it is expected to increase to 16% in 2050, and 25% in
2100.
There are many good effects on elderly people using ICT(Information and Computer
Technology: the use of computers and other electronic equipment and systems to collect,
store, use, and send data electronically) equipment. First, it increases their activity,
friendships, and range of activities. Through the Internet, they make friends not only of theirown generation, have more opportunities to keep in touch with their families, and have more
topics in common. Second, it provides fun, pleasure, stimulation, and peace of mind. Many
people gain stimulation and enjoyment in their daily lives through access to a variety of
information. These effects were also present among the elderly who had difficulty using
ICTs; the use of ICTs provides enjoyable stimulation. It has a relaxation effect and a sense ofaccomplishment and security. Third, it improves health. Using ICT equipment activates thebrains of elderly people. Fourth, it makes their roles. Fifth, it improves the motivation andlife satisfaction of the elderly.
For people close to the elderly, such as family members, relatives, close friends, andcaregivers and welfare workers who are involved with the elderly, there are various benefits
to using ICT for the elderly. The first is to increase and facilitate communication with family
members and others.The use of computers and the Internet by the elderly makes it easier forthem to communicate with their children and grandchildren, as they can share common topics
of conversation. In addition, if they have children or grandchildren in remote areas, they can
exchange emails and photos with them. In addition, if they have children or grandchildren inremote areas in Japan or abroad, they can communicate with them by exchanging emails andphotos without having to visit each other. This will increase the frequency of communicationand help both parties to feel secure by being able to contact each other when necessary. This
will also lead to a sense of security for both parties. As the elderly become involved invarious activities, they will have more topics of conversation and consultation with theirfamilies, which will further promote communication. This will further promote
communication. Besides, these communications improve the elderly person's motivation inlife and increase the family's sense of security and reduce their psychological burden. Second,
it reduces the burden on family members in caregiving and rehabilitation.
The use of ICT by the elderly affects the community. First, it improves the efficiency
of community activities. Second, it creates a role for the elderly in the community andincreases community activities. Third, it solves community problems by communicating withpeople of different generations together.
However, almost all the elderly can’t use theInternet. According to the right graph, theelderly who have the internet environment areabout 30%, and people who can use theinternet are about 10%. In addition, people
who can use the internet alone are only about5%.

3 Conclusion
There are a lot of advantages to using ICT. However, the elderly must be able to use
ICT, so I suggest providing a place where the elderly can learn about the internet, such as
internet literacy and how to use it. Also, I suggest hiring someone who can teach them.
In addition, there are various problems inintroducing and using ICT equipment incare now. For example, it needs a high costof introduction and it is difficult to use.
Also, many countries develop service
which use ICT and technology to support
nursing and lives of elderly, but they didn’t
support introduction into nursing home.
To solve these problems, I propose
developing new devices that are easy to introduce and use, and someone teach caregivers
how to introduce and use them.

4 References
第５章 高齢者のICT利活用がもたらす効果
https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/b_free/pdf/b_free03_3_07.pdf(2023/6/2)
令和5年版高齢社会白書（全体版）（PDF版） - 内閣府
https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/whitepaper/w-2023/zenbun/05pdf_index.html(2023/6/2)
福祉・介護人材確保対策について
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/12000000/000549665.pdf(2023/6/2)
第１回：介護分野のICT化における日本の動向・世界の動向
https://www.wam.go.jp/content/wamnet/pcpub/top/fukushiiryokeiei/ictkaigo/(2023/11/30)「ネット利用は要介護高齢者の活性化になる」ケアマネの８割以上
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000135.000012000.html(2023/11/30)
3.2 高齢者のICT利活用に関する調査
https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/b_free/pdf/usability_2_03-2.pdf(2023/11/3
0)
介護分野をめぐる状況について
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/12300000/000608284.pdf（2023/10/2）
高齢者介護(高齢者支援)における ICT 利用などによる生産性向上及び人材確保の取組に関する国際比較調査研究
https://www.nttdata-strategy.com/services/lifevalue/docs/r02_136jigyohokokusho.pdf(2023/1
0/2)
Charted: The World’s Aging Population from 1950-2100
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/charted-the-worlds-aging-population-1950-to-2100/(2024/1/15)

Myopia control with daily efforts
Reformation of people’s mindset
5409 Kobayashi Mirai
Abstract
Today, the number of people with myopia is increasing. Myopia has a lot of risks
including serious complications. Therefore, the problem should be improved. The purpose of
my study is suggesting actions to decrease the number of people with myopia. The cause of
myopia is not clearly known yet, but outdoor activity has been recognized as effective
through many experiments since a long time ago. I suggest measures based on mainly two
points, people’s awareness and outdoor activities. Spreading an accurate understanding of
myopia is necessary in order to encourage people to take measures. To do this, I suggest thatstudents learn about myopia in health education classes at school and that some companies or
the local government hold an event for their parents. To spread outdoor activities I suggest
schools promote them, for example, adopting a rule that requires children to play in the
ground during noon recess and opening schoolyards to children. Controlling the use of digital
devices is also needed to save time for outdoor activities. Limiting the use in each family or
government regulating the use is necessary.
1.Introduction
The purpose of this study is proposing actions to decrease the number of people withmyopia. Myopia is becoming a problem around the world. A recent study estimated that on
average, 30% of the world is currently myopic and some researchers predict there will be
4758 million people with myopia by 2050 (Holden, 2016). It is also known that many people
are nearsighted, especially in Asia. Myopia raises the risk of many other diseases in the eyesuch as retinal detachment, cataract and glaucoma (Figure1). In addition, some jobs likemotorboat racers and jockeys require specific vision without correction. For these reasons,decreasing the number of people with myopia has a meaning. The cause of myopia is notclearly known because many factors are involved. However, some researchers discovered that
outdoor activity can control myopia (Rose, 2008). This research is based on the data in thebooks or on the internet.

(Figure1)(O'Connor Optometrists)

2.Discussion and implications
Myopia is defined as “A refractive error in which rays of light entering the eyeparallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the retina when ocular
accommodation is relaxed. This usually results from the eyeball being too long from front toback, but can be caused by an overly curved cornea and/or a lens with increased opticalpower. It also is called nearsightedness.” (International myopia institute). Myopia is thought
to have two factors, environmental and genetic. Scientists owe the striking increase of
myopia in Asia to the genetic factor. However, it is difficult to propose a definite solution tomyopia because the cause is not clearly known yet. These days, some information about
myopia has been discovered. The younger children are, the easier myopia gets worse(Sankaridurg and Holden, 2014). So it is important to start actions when they are young.
Scientists also know outdoor activity is effective to control myopia. The reason why
outdoor activities prevent myopia have been discovered recently. It is said “violet light” is a
key in the process. Violet light is light with specific wavelengths, between ultraviolet andblue. When you take the light through the eye, it stimulates a specific gene related to thecontrol of myopia. This process is being discussed now, so I want to reflect the fact that
outdoor activity can prevent myopia in my research. In Taiwan, the government has
conducted some activities since the 1980s. They promoted 120 minutes of outdoor activities
every day, regardless of the type of the activity. After the promotion, the vision impairment
rate of primary school children in Taiwan dramatically decreased (Figure2)(Pei-Chang,
Li-Chun, Yu-Zhen, Min-Li, Li-Ling, and Chueh-Tan, 2018). This suggests that outdoor
activities are worth introducing. Not only Taiwan but also China and Singapore take action to
decrease the number of people with myopia.

(Figure2)
On the other hand, the time children spend outside is decreasing. According to a 2016
survey of Japanese children in the upper grades of elementary school on outdoor activity
time, the amount of time children spend playing outside has decreased by more than 30% in
35 years, from 2 hours and 11 minutes in 1981 to 1 hour and 47 minutes in 2001 and 1 hourand 12 minutes in 2016. The causes are thought to be an increase in time spent at cramschools and lessons, excessive use of games and digital devices, and a decrease inplaygrounds (Citizen, 2016). Promotion of outside playing is actually being implemented in
Chiyoda and Setagaya wards in Tokyo, Sanjo City in Niigata Prefecture, and other cities.

Parks, privately owned land, and abandoned schools are provided as places where children
can play freely during set times with cooperation with local volunteer groups, and the numberof users is increasing.
Myopia increases the risks of complications such as cataract, glaucoma and retinal
detachment. If myopia gets serious it is called high myopia followed by pathologic myopia
and it can finally cause loss of sight. However, the risk is not widely known. According to asurvey conducted with people with myopia in Japan, more than 90% did not know that highmyopia leads to blindness. The rate of people who generally see a doctor because of myopia
was 21.5%, but of the people who know the risk of high myopia, the rate increased to 41.8%(Bayer pharma japan and Santen pharmaceutical, 2014). This indicates that most people needto understand the risk of myopia and people who know the risk take action more frequently.
Therefore, conducting measures while they are young, promoting outdoor activities,
and spreading awareness of the risk of myopia are keys to answering my research question.
3.Conclusion
In improving the problem of myopia, schools will play an important role because weshould start taking action while we are young and schools can give accurate and reliableknowledge to all students. Understanding the risk of myopia is the first step, so I suggest to
schools that they teach about how myopia can be dangerous in health education. Companies
holding events to learn about myopia can be effective to tell the risks to not only children but
also to the parents. Outdoor activities are one of the most supported things to prevent myopia.
To spread outdoor activities, I suggest promoting outdoor activities at school, for example,
adopting a rule that requires children to play in the ground during noon recess and opening
schoolyards to children. Controlling the use of digital devices is also needed. The direct effectof digital devices on myopia is not clearly understood, but it leads to decreased outdoor
activities. Limiting the use in each family or government regulating the use are necessary.
I’d like to make these proposals more concretely and easy to realize. In the future, I
expect that the cause of myopia is understood better, and we can take more effective
measures. When it is discovered, I want to study again for a better proposal.
4.References「Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through2050」<https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26875007/>(2023/11/07)「Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children」<https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18294691/>(2023/11/07)「Myopia Prevention in Taiwan」<https://aes.amegroups.org/article/view/4010/html>(2023/12/06)「『子どもの時間感覚』35年の推移」<https://www.citizen.co.jp/research/time/20160610/01.html>(2023/12/06）

「“近視がもつリスク” 認知低く、定期受診している近視の人はわずか」<https://www.santen.co.jp/ja/news/20141125_2.pdf>(2023/12/06)「MYOPIA」<https://myopiainstitute.org/myopia/>(2023/12/20)「John O’Connor OPTOMETRISTS」<https://www.johnoconnor.co.nz/what-is-myopia/>(2023/12/20)

Childcare Support in Developing Countries
Necessity of the nursery school
5410 Saito Yui
Abstract
As some children can not live until they become adults and most of them die before the ageof five and the mortality rate after that would be low, I thought that since the human immune
system is said to be almost complete by the age of five, if we could save children by the ageof five, children could live after that. So I considered a way to save children until the age offive. My suggestion is to set up a nursery school. Nursery schools not only protect children's
health, but also have many other advantages. However, there are also drawbacks, and I would
like to think of ways to improve them.

1 Introduction
I like children and at one time I wanted to be a childcare worker. It was around that timethat I learned about the shortage of nursery schools in Japan. In the first place, when I tried tothink about it in comparison with the rest of the world, I learned that some children never live
until they are adults. I considered child care around the world. Mortality rates for children
under five are declining around the world. However, it is higher in areas such as Africa thanones in the developed countries. The graph below shows the ranking of mortality rates forchildren under 5 years old. It shows the number of deaths per 1,000 live births. In the country
with the highest rate, the rate is about 70 times higher than in Japan.

2 Discussion and implication
I thought about why children at that age would die. The first is the cause of infant mortality.
What I thought was the lack of doctors, the health condition of the mother, and the sanitaryenvironment of the hospital. I think there is a serious shortage of doctors in places like Africa.
It is a difficult problem because we cannot send many doctors from developed countries. In
fact, the UK imports doctors because of a shortage of doctors. They rely on imported doctors
because they do not have enough medical care system. However, importing doctors is notpossible without funding because the profession is highly paid. This problem can be solved
because the UK is a developed country and it is difficult to import doctors in countries that
do not have the affording financial resources to do so. Next is the cause of death inchildhood. I think it is malnutrition, disease, hunger due to poverty, and infectious diseases.
Poor hygiene and disease are major problems in poor areas.
Let me explain about immunity. Babies are born with antibodies from their mother.
Between the ages of six months and one and a half years old, the immune system gradually
declines. After that, the child's own immunity develops and stabilizes around the age of 2 to
3. By the age of 6, they become the same as adults.
From these things, I suggest setting up a nursery school. First of all, there are fiveadvantages of nursery schools. First, there is always someone who takes care of them.
Second, meals are provided everyday. This is a great advantage because enough food isimportant for children to grow up healthy. Third, they can expand the relationship between
children of the same age. More connections with people their own age will help them solve
their worries. Fourth, they will improve their communication skills with non-relatives. The
more people are involved in a community, the better abilities they can acquire, so the groupenvironment will give them good influence. Finally, there are comfortable environments forchildren. It is safer for a child with a weak immune system to be in a comfortableenvironment than to go to a dirty workplace with a parent.

3 Conclusion
Therefore, I suggest setting up a nursery school. On the other hand, there are 3 weak points.
First, if the nursery schools are insanity, children face diseases and mass infection. As withthe coronavirus, infectious diseases are more likely to occur in group situations. Second, thechance of injury increases. When they run or play with their friends, accidents can occur.
Finally, time separating from their parents becomes long. For small children, it is important tospend time with their parents. I have to consider these things more. These drawbacks should
be solved.
There are two future challenges. The first is a concrete construction plan. I am going tothink about where and what size to build will bring the best effect. The second is the financial
burden. Who will pay the money? Is there a way to keep costs down? These are the points toconsider.

4 References
Japan committee for Unisef “Why? Children who do not live to be five years old”
https://www.unicef.or.jp/special/10sum/5th_birth.html (5/20)

What is a child welfare facility?
https://jidoufukushi.jp/jidoufukushi/ (6/13)
Under 5 mortality rate ranks
https://www.unicef.or.jp/library/pdf/haku08_11.pdf (6/18)
Raising children around the world
https://www.caretheworld.com/worldchildcareaf.html (7/27)
Britain importing doctors
https://www.jmari.med.or.jp/download/RE019.pdf (8/12)

Reform and Inheritance of Tradition~Kimono as Casual Clothing~5411 Sawa Akari

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find ways of changing kimono for people who want towear kimono as casual clothing. We do not wear kimonos in our daily lives because kimonos
were replaced with western clothes. I thought it is important to inherit the kimono, one ofJapanese traditional culture, to the next generation. It is also important to spread kimono to
the world. I thought of two methods to wear kimonos in our daily lives. First one is to wear akimono in the natural form. I think we do not have enough opportunities to wear kimonos, so
I thought of some solutions to increase opportunities.Second method is to remake kimono
into western clothes. In this method, we change the traditional form of kimono so that we canwear them as casual clothes. I mainly considered the latter, because it enables people toremake kimonos themselves. As for the first one, I need cooperation from publicorganizations, which is difficult to achieve. I am also thinking of spreading kimono to theworld. There are already some people who wear kimonos with western clothing in their daily
lives, and also there are some companies which sell kimonos as casual clothes. Referring tothese examples, I studied this theme. I will think about the way to wear kimono as casualclothes and how to spread it to many people including foreigners.

1 Introduction
The reason I started this study is that
I like kimonos. However, I do not wear
them in my daily life, so I wanted to findways to enjoy kimonos as casual clothing.
Looking at SNS and talking with otherpeople, I found many people felt kimonosare cute, and wanted to wear them. Then, I
started to think of ways to wear kimonos as
casual clothing.
These days, the kimono industry is
declining. The purchase of kimonos
became one fourth in 2018 compared to↑FIG1
2002(FIG1), and the size of the kimono
industry became one fifth in 2018
compared to 1989(FIG2).

←FIG2

Wearing kimonos in daily lives helps recover the kimono industry. It is important to inheritand spread Japanese traditional culture. This is the significance of this study.
I quoted an attitude survey on kimonos from the Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry conducted, “The attitude survey of university students toward Japaneseclothing”(Ishikawa,2019),and “Interests in kimonos among foreign tourists and response of
the kimono industry”(Oshino,2017). Referring to these surveys and people who wear
kimonos in their daily life and considering what ideas are important to make kimonos more
comfortable, I will devise the way to wear kimono as casual clothes and how to spread it to
many people including foreigners.

2 Discussion and Implications
From the research of the
Ministry of Economy, Trade, andIndustry(2015), I found out how people
think about kimonos. The reasons why
people do not wear kimonos are thatkimonos cost a lot, people don’t haveopportunities,and it's hard to
wear.(FIG3)
←FIG3

←FIG4
The problems when people
wear kimonos are that theycannot put on kimonosthemselves, the prices are high, and they do not know how to treat them. (FIG4)
People were asked when they wanted
to wear kimonos, and the rate of
ceremonial occasions was the highestof all. Other than that, the rate of as a
fashion, and for events were high.
(FIG5)←FIG5

Many of the people who wear
kimonos as casual clothes for events
other than ceremonial occasions, buy
their kimonos themselves, not receiveor have their parents buy them. (FIG6)←FIG6

I quoted “The attitude
survey of university students
toward Japanese clothing”(Ishikawa,2019). This survey
targets 170 university students.
Students like kimonos, but they do
not want kimonos.(FIG7)←FIG7
We do not have enough opportunities towear kimonos, and kimonos are
expensive and it is difficult to wear
them. Moreover, it is difficult to wear
them. To solve these problems, there is a
way to make clothes like kimonos. The
result of the question “Do you want towear western clothes with kimono
motifs?” was that 52.4% of the students↑FIG8
answered “Yes”. This question is related
to my study a lot and this result that as much as a half of respondents want to wear western
clothes like kimonos has a good influence on my study.(FIG8)

However, for the question “What western clothes
with kimono motifs do you want to wear?”, therate of suits and dresses were higher than casualclothes. From this result I can find that the numberof people who want to wear western clothes likekimonos in daily life is few. (FIG9)←FIG9Viewing these statistics, I can find that there are some people who like kimonos andbuy kimonos to wear them in daily life, but they have various problems with wearing
kimonos. As for wearing kimonos as western clothes, I thought some people would accept it
because about 50% of people want to wear clothes like kimonos.
Moreover, I cited studies of Ms. Oshino from Mejiro University College. I used data
about the kimono industry to foreigners. The chart shows what foreign tourists in Kyoto did
as an experience of traditional Japanese culture. The number of people who experienced
kimono and yukata was the highest, so it shows kimonos are popular among foreigners.
(FIG10)↓FIG10Foreign tourists answered what they bought, and the following chart shows the ratio ofpeople who bought kimonos.The rate is relatively high and stable, so it is found that
foreigners have interest in kimonos.(FIG11)

↑FIG11
In Kyoto and Tokyo,where traditional
streetscapes remain, the number of rental
kimonos’ stores is big, and their homepages
respond to more language than other cities. In
these cities foreign travelers can easily
experience kimonos. (FIG12)←FIG12Many foreigners are interested in kimonos and Japanese kimono industry also prepare
for foreign tourists, so I thought it would not difficult to spread kimonos to the world.
There are already some people
who wear kimonos as casual clothing
and companies which remake kimonos
into casual clothes and sell them.
These pictures (FIG13) are examplesof remaking kimonos into western
clothes. She combines kimonos withwestern clothes and enjoys kimonos inher daily life.

↑FIG13

In addition, “Ay”, the company which up-cycle Meisen into
western clothes and other products try to make kimonos morefamiliar to us. (FIG14)←FIG14
From these examples, many people are making efforts to adopt
kimonos into casual clothing.

I visited a company named “Syne Studio” in Singapore. They remake kimonos into jackets,bags, wallets, and so on. Their products are made from different kimonos, each of them is
one-of-a-kind. They also said that they made uniforms for one company’s employees, andthey attended the Singapore Design Week. In addition to that, they have worked with manyother companies. They told us that they started their business because they love kimonos.
They import a lot of kimonos from Japan and repair them one by one. They create theirproducts based on slow fashion, which aims to make people buy a few pieces of clothing at
relatively high prices, and wear them for a long time. They expand their business by using
SNS like Instagram or TikTok. They said they came up with using ASMR with the sound of asewing machine. I asked them about the popularity of kimonos in Singapore because I’m
thinking of spreading kimonos to the world. They answered that Singaporeans know kimonos
but only few people have actually seen or worn them. However, I think it is not impossible tospread kimonos to the world, because they sell their products for foreigners, and continue
their business outside Japan.

When I devise the method to wear kimonos as casual clothing, it is necessary toconsider some points to match the present daily lives. The following are the examples.
・protecting bodies from the environment ・adjustment of body temperature・the ability to absorb sweat ・ventilation ・size ・easy to move ・easy to put on・material ・design ・match with the person and occasion

3 conclusion
To remake kimonos into casual clothing, I devised two methods.
The first method is to wear a kimono in the natural form. I think we do not haveenough opportunities to wear kimonos, so I thought of some solutions to increase
opportunities. These days, mainly among young people and foreign tourists, wearing kimonosin old towns such as Kyoto or Asakusa is becoming a popular event. This is good for thekimono's revival. To make it easier for tourists to experience kimono in such places,
reinforcement of the connection between local government and kimono rental companies isimportant. At the same time, rental companies’ effort to use multiple languages is essential torespond foreign tourists. Another way to increase opportunities to wear kimonos is to propose
people to wear kimonos in ceremonial occasions. This is the easiest way because people thinkkimonos are worn in formal situations. However, this method has several problems. Many
people cannot wear kimonos themselves, kimonos are expensive, and maintenance isdifficult. To solve these problems and adapt to current life styles, I devised another method.
The second method is to remake kimonos into western clothes. In this method, wechange the traditional form of kimono so that we can wear them as casual clothes. For
example, we can make new western clothing using kimonos, and we can wear kimonos withwestern clothes such as skirts, boots, blouses. I mainly want to develop the latter, because it
enables people to remake kimonos themselves. As for the first one, I need cooperation frompublic organizations, which is difficult to achieve. Moreover, people can enjoy various
coordinates with each personality, and it is easy for foreigners to wear kimonos in theircountries. I want to consider how to spread this method to people who want to wear kimonosin their daily lives and also foreigners.

4 References
Research trends, current situations, and rankings of the kimono industry (2022/10/31)
https://gyokai-search.com/3-kimono.html
The changes in kimono’s demand:decrease of “nakoudo” and the philosophy of “eco” |kimono hoshokusha | marketing magazine for the kimono industry (2022/12/05)
https://status-marketing.com/20211026-4230.html
Japanese clothing promotion and study society The report from the secretariat (The result of
the survey) (2022/12/07)
https://warp.da.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/10217941/www.meti.go.jp/committee/kenkyukai/seizou/wasou_shinkou/pdf/004_03_00.pdf
The attitude survey of university students toward japanese clothing (2022/12/12)
https://open.shonan.bunkyo.ac.jp/hiyoshi/class/survey3/2019/7.pdf
Interests in kimonos among foreign tourists and response of the kimono industry(2022/10/31)
https://mejiro.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=1195&i
tem_no=1&attribute_id=22&file_no=1“Kimono without juban is OK” “Add to everyday clothes” “Belt in place of obi” free stylekimono coordinates book by Misamaru (2023/12/06)

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kadokawa.co.jp%2Fproduct%2F322110000949%2F&psig=AOvVaw3fdW5KpvJ4URvlIjZn0Hn3&ust=17027934619070
00&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBMQjhxqFwoTCIDWipGmk4MDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI
Ay (2022/12/19)
https://www.ay.style/
The role of clothing | Tokyo cleaning life hygiene trade association (2022/12/01)
https://www.tokyo929.or.jp/column/ware/2.php

Economics for Education
Create the optimal solution for each person
ID: 5412

Name: Shigeta Kazuto

Abstract
Shocked by the rather low performance of elementary school students on tests
administered by a national agency, I decided to research what the optimal educational
approach would be. In order to narrow my target audience, I decided to research mathematics
in secondary education. In the process, I discovered the study of educational economics,
which links data and education, and decided to apply this to my research. There are several
cases in which this study has led to better education, especially in elementary education, and I
looked into how this could be put into practice in secondary education as well. However, it isvery difficult to obtain data for individual research, so I am currently looking for ways toobtain data.

1.Introduction
First of all, please look at this image. This is from the National Survey of School
Achievement and Learning, an academic achievement test carried out by the National
Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) on primary and junior high school students
all over the country. In this survey, questions like the one in the image above were asked, andthe percentage of correct answers was 55.4%. I was very shocked by this and wondered why
this result was achieved. So, I chose this theme because I wanted to research education. I
wanted to do research related to the field of economics, which is my chosen career path. I
found a study called 'Educational Economics', which links data and education, and decided toresearch it. I mainly focus on mathematics, which is my favorite subject, and on middle andhigh school students, or secondary education, which is currently less researched on primaryschool students and young children.

(https://www.nier.go.jp/21chousakekkahoukoku/ )2.Discussions and implications
There is a book named “Geniuses' Predictions of the Future”. One of the authors,
Yusuke Narita, says that "In the United States, if you look at the subsequent education ofpeople who managed to get into an high level school and a person who have a similar ability
who unfortunately failed to pass, we will find that the level of university they go finally isalmost the same. The data show that the level of university they go to afterwards is almost
always the same. The reality is that it is not that going to a preparatory school makes you
smarter, but that the smartest people go there", and although this is an example from anothercountry, it is thought that the situation is similar in Japan when looking at the success resultsof Japanese preparatory schools. In the same book, he also says that "the average annual
income of the parents of children who enter America's top universities, such as Harvard, Yaleand Stanford, is more than 20 million yen. The reason for this is that American university
entrance examinations are like Japan's AO entrance examinations, in which students pay for atour of 'experience' such as entrepreneurship in order to appeal to themselves, and are thenadmitted." He also said, The reality is that with this kind of education, only those who canstudy and who have invested a lot of money to become able to study are able to holdimportant positions in society and move it. Therefore, it is significant that changing the
education system and reflecting various voices will lead to the realization of a better society.
Also, if we find ways to improve students' abilities through this research, I think we canapply it to other subjects as well, so we can create a more efficient education system.
The purpose of this research is to reform the education system as described in these
Significance and to improve our own academic performance more.
There is one practical example of the economics of education. "Which of two different typesof elementary school students, one with gain ¥2,000 for scoring 80 or higher on a test and theother with gain ¥2,000 for completing a book of work, performed better?" The results of thestudy showed that the children who received the work improved their grades more. This isthought to be because elementary school students had not yet established their own study
methods, and their grades improved more when they learned how to use the input method.
What about middle and high school students? We would like to find out if the results change
depending on the deviation level of the students, such as in mock exams, and if so, how todeal with each level.
Because this study has a very specific target, the number of previous studies and studies withsimilar content is very limited, and this is making it very difficult to gather information fromthe Internet or other sources. It needs a strong effort to make it practical.

3.Conclusion
Though there are some issues to make the research practical, Economics for
Education has a strong power to change the current situation of Japanese education.It isdifficult to collect data, but if we can get some data and analyze it, we can have a great result.
I want to think about how to get data and improve my research.

4.References
高橋弘樹編著（2022）「天才たちの未来予想図」マガジンハウス新書「令和３年度 全国学力・学習状況調査 報告書・調査結果資料」<https://www.nier.go.jp/21chousakekkahoukoku/ >(アクセス日：2023/5/30)
編集長江口悦弘（2022）「日経パソコン 教育とICT No.20」日経BP社
中室牧子著（2015）『「教育」の経済学』ディスカヴァー・トゥエンティワン

Improve Working Environment~Reduce black owned businesses~
5414 Jingu Yuto
Abstract
I have continued to research improving working conditions. Specifically , to reduce blackowned businesses and to make a worker friendly society. Japan has more black owned
businesses than any other countries.What is based on black owned businesses and the factthat national character and few government support? For these things, I suggested that theJapanese government impose a fine for people and the money given to people who are
unemployed.
1 Introduction
There was an investigation to check whether or not black owned businesses by the labor
standards inspection office 10 years ago and more than 65％ company are cought by theinvestigation.It is very high figure.Compared to the world , Japan has the largest number ofblack owned businesses in Organization for Economic Development.Low labor productivity
is the reason why Japan has more black companies than other countries.For these things, I
want to reduce black owned businesses and to make worker friendly society.
2 Discussion and implications
Japan has a lot of black owned businesses in the world. More than 60% of the companies inJapan are considered to be black owned businesses.

This table compares the working hours and labor productivity between Japan and Germany.
The reason for comparing Japan and Germany is that Japan is ranked 3rd and Germany is 4th
in the world GDP ranking conducted in FY2021, and the difference in GDP figures is small,and the two countries are closer to Japan's national strength than China. Japan averages 1,680
hours of work per year, but Germany averages 1,363 hours. Nevertheless, Japan has lower
labor productivity than Germany. Labor productivity is defined as GDP per capita divided byworking hours, and we can also be called labor efficiency. This is the reason why there is adifference in labor hours but not in GDP. Japan's labor productivity is very low, ranking lastamong the major industrialized countries and 23rd out of 38 countries in the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development . There are three reasons why German laborproductivity is so high. German workers are generally not overworked and only choose jobs
that they can complete within their capabilities. For example, if your boss assigns you a taskthat is a little too much for you to handle, you would not be able to complete it duringbusiness hours if you were in Japan,but German would have to receive themselves tocomplete it, and it would be difficult to refuse, and even if one could refuse, someone else
would take over the job. In Germany, however, this is not the case. They firmly refuse workthat is not up to their abilities. Since those around them also firmly refuse the work, no one
can do the job. Second is the national character. Germans are not very interested in
improvement. In other words, they are satisfied with the status quo. This is why they do notpush themselves too hard, which leads to the first reason.
The third reason is that they are strict against black-owned companies. What is strict is an
institution like the Labor Standards Inspection Office in Japan. Even if a company violates
the standards and they are found to be a black company, it can only be advised in Japan.
Germany, however, imposes fines of up to 2 million yen on black-owned enterprises. This
forces companies to become more protective of their workers. I believe these three factors are
the reasons why Germany has short working hours and high labor productivity.
Denmark is known as the happiest country in the world, ranking first in Europe with 94%
in a survey of workers' working conditions. It is also known as the country with the second
highest income per hour. Denmark is unusual in Europe in that it is easy to be fired from ajob, and unemployment benefits are given by the government when a person resigns. This
makes it easy to leave companies that pay poor wages and are not very responsive, and in theend, only the good companies remain.
My proposal is that the government fines black companies and gives the fines as
unemployment benefits when workers leave the country. First, the Labor Standards
Inspection Office would issue fines to companies that it determines to be black-owned during
its regular inspections. Labor Standards Inspection Offices are birth agencies of the Ministryof Health, Labor and Welfare, and exist throughout Japan. There, they impose fines oncompanies that are caught in periodic inspections conducted at regular intervals. The amountof money is not set in concrete terms, but the amount is set according to the number of items
and by item, and the Labor Standards Inspection Offices collect the money for violations as
the government. The money is then used to fund unemployment benefits. Unemployment
benefits guarantee workers 70 to 80% of their average salary for the last three months of themonth in which they left the company, for up to one year. This would move companies in the
direction of improving their companies so that inspections do not result in violations, sincemoney would be collected if a violation occurs during an inspection, and it would also makeit easier for workers to leave the company as unemployment benefits would be implemented.
I think this will lead to mental relaxation and help solve the problem before stress and otherfactors lead to depression.

3.Conclusion

In conclusion, Japan is positioned as a country with long working hours and low laborproductivity in the world. Although the figures alone suggest that working hours are not aslong as other countries in the world, this is due to the influence of short-time workers, who
account for about 25% of the workforce in Japan, and their figures create the illusion thatworking hours are not as long as they are. I propose that the government fine black-owned
companies and give the fines as unemployment benefits when workers leave their jobs. First,
the Labor Standards Inspection Office would issue fines to companies that it determines to be
black-owned businesses during its regular inspections. Labor Standards Inspection Offices
belong to the Ministry of Health. They impose fines on companies that are caught in
Inspection. The amount of money is not set perfectly, but the amount is set according to thenumber of items and by item, and the Labor Standards Inspection Offices collect the money
for violations as the government. The money is then used to fund unemployment benefits.
Unemployment benefits guarantee workers 70 to 80% of their average salary for the last threemonths of the month in which they left the company, for up to one year. This would movecompanies in the direction of improving their companies so that inspections do not result in
violations, since money would be collected if a violation occurs during an inspection, and it
would also make it easier for workers to leave the company as unemployment benefits would
be implemented. This will lead to a more relaxed mentality, which will allow workers tosolve problems before they become depressed due to stress and other factors.
As a future task, I would like to research companies that are hiring mid-career workers. In
Japan, we see many advertisements and commercials for job changes, but I think it isnecessary to find out if such companies are really white companies or not.

4 References
https://saleszine.jp/news/detail/2709
Survey on workplace being a black company 9/2
https://honyuki39c.com/black-companytttyytytyty/
Black Company Percentage Definition 9/5
https://www.enworld.com/burogu/2020/05/EU-working-environment?source=google.com
Overseas Labor Standards 9/5
https://president.jp/articles/-/30283?page=3
German Approach 10/5
https://workstyle.ricoh.co.jp/article/workingtime.html
Labor Time in Japan and the World 10/5
https://www.hrbrain.jp/media/labor-management/labor-productivity1
Reasons for Japan's low labor quality 10/12
https://drive.media/posts/11638
Why Denmark is considered a happy country 10/13

To Remove National Borders with Technology~To make the world that everyone can serve fair medical care~
5415 Suda Yurina
Abstract
While various medical technologies are developed, the healthcare disparities between
developed countries and developing countries are growing, so I thought, why not connect
those technologies to eliminating these healthcare disparities. I think telemedicine robots suchas Da Vinchi are the most effective tool because doctors in developed countries do not haveto go to developing countries to treat patients in developing countries by using telemedicine
robots. And I think it will become easier to get cooperation from doctors in developed
countries. However, most developing countries have inadequate infrastructures, so thisproject will need huge amounts of funds. Poverty is one of the reasons for these healthcare
disparities, so I want to make a place to provide free medical care to the poor, and then more
funds are needed. I am hoping to receive assistance, including working with several large
corporations to fund these funds. However, this still does not cover all the costs of creating
free treatment centers in developing countries, so the question for the future is where to
calculate these enormous costs.
1. Introduction
The gap between developing countries and developed countries is how the latest
technologies develop. . One of the gaps is healthcare disparities. Non-life-threatening illness
in developed countries killed people in developing countries. Currently, some supporters suchas Doctors Without Borders are going there to provide medical care, but that number is too
small to support enough. So I think if we can introduce telemedicine robots to thesecountries, doctors in developed countries need not to go to developing countries and more
doctors will cooperate with us to save more lives in developing countries. So I focused on
Telemedicine robots that have become increasingly competitive recently.. Now that the patent
for the telemedicine robot named Da Vinchi has expired, competition in the development oftelemedicine robots has intensified, and telemedicine robots have been developed that, while
not inexpensive, are much more affordable than previous telemedicine robots. For thesereasons, I thought if doctors in developed countries can treat patients in developing countries
still the doctors in developing countries by using telemedicine robots, we can save more lives
and provide more fair medical care to more people.
2. Purpose and Significance of the Research
The purpose of this research is to make a fair medical place in countries where there isno adequate medical care available like developing countries and save more lives. By
promoting this research, of course, we can save more lives and it can also make newopportunities for the use of cutting-edge technologies such as AI, which is now being
developed one after another. If we can save more lives, more human resources will be createdand more people will contribute to the development of the world. In addition, if safe medicalcare can be delivered to people in developing countries, it will lead to the development of
those countries because it will help spread health and hygiene ideas to the people in thosecountries. The creation of new venues for the use of cutting-edge technology will promote thediffusion of them and further the development of them. For these reasons, this research has
the significance of saving more lives, thereby providing more human resources to contributeto world development, and promoting the diffusion and development of cutting-edge
technology as a new venue for its use.
3. Research Methods①The extent of global healthcare gap and their current status②Telemedicine technology③Telemedicine robot④Examples of cross-country remote surgery⑤Infrastructure development in developing countries⑥Number of death per year in developing and developed countries and breakdown of maincauses of death⑨The safety of medical robots⑩The cost of telemedicine robots
I went through the above in that order.
4. Reseach Results

The table on the left shows the top 10
and worst 10 countries ranked in terms ofhealth inequalities in 2013. From here, I’ll
consider a trial in the Ivory Coast, one of the
10 worst countries in that ranking. To reduce
the gap, I have come up with a solution inthree separate cases.

①Physical examinations referrals for exercise
and diet therapy, and prescriptions for
medications when surgery is not necessary.
The graph on the right shows cell phone
penetration. In the Ivory Coast, the penetration
rate is 86.4%. From this, cell phones are widelyused in the Ivory Coast. In addition, theinfrastructure in the Ivory Coast iswell-developed enough to make online calls from Japan, so it is possible to provide online
medical care.
The picture on the left is the image of online medical care.
Through cell phones such as smartphones, doctors treat
patients and send prescriptions to pharmacies. The
pharmacy then delivers the medication to the patient basedon the prescription from the doctor. I want to make thissystem in the Ivory Coast.

This is the system of LINE doctor. I
want to make an online system likethis because we can freely choose ourdoctor, set our own appointment date
and time, and have a face to faceconsultation.
The main challenge in online medicalcare is language differences. Since thegoal of this study is to create a systemthat allows physicians in developed
countries to see patients in developing
countries, language differences must
be arised.
However, there are a lot of translation
machines, so I am sure we can worksomething out.

②When surgery is scheduled and performed in advance.
I suggest using telemedicine robots to reduce the medical gap between developed anddeveloping countries. Telemedicine robots such as
Da Vinchi and Hinoroti are medical robots which
are used in Japan. The main body of the robots
that perform the surgery is located in developing
countries and the machine that operates the main
body is located in developed countries. By doingso, doctors with advanced skills can operate onpatients in developed countries. In fact, there have been some cases where surgery was
performed without delay even when there was a distance between the patient and the doctor.

One example is Operation LINDBERGH in
2001. According to Wikipedia(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindbergh_operation
25 November 2022, at 07:14 (UTC).), “ Theoperation involved minimally invasive
surgery: The 45-minute procedure consistedof a cholecystectomy on a 68-year-old female
patient in surgical ward A in Strasbourg Civil
Hospital, in Eastern France. From New York,the surgeon controlled the arms of the ZEUS
Robotic Surgical System, designed byComputer Motion, to operate on the patient.
The link between the robotic system and thesurgeon was provided by a high-speed fiber
optic service deployed thanks to the
combined efforts of several France Telecom group entities. “ This operation was a success.
This case study shows that cross-border surgery using telemedicine robots is not impossible.
From this,when surgery is scheduled and performed in advance, I want to use thesetelemedicine robots and treat patients in developing countries.
③For urgent surgical procedures that cannot be scheduled.
This case is the most difficult. By gathering physicians from developed countries around theworld, we will be able to take advantage of time differences to provide 24-hour surgicalservices. The surgical procedure is the same as ②, using telemedicine robots.
5. Conclusion and future issues
The first is the issue of finding sources. ALthough the price of the telemedicine robots
has been getting cheaper due to the expiration of the da Vinci patent, even Hinotori, which isconsidered relatively inexpensive, is priced at 150 million yen for Xi and about 100 million
yen for X in the U.S. The da Vinci is priced at about 300 million yen, and the cheaperversion, X, is priced at about 200 million yen. The Da Vinci is priced at about 300 million
yen, and the low-priced X is priced at about 200
million yen. Both da Vinci and Hinotori cost about
10 to 20 million yen to maintain after purchase.
The graph on the left shows the budget of the
Ivory Coast for 2020. This also shows that it isfinancially difficult to purchase new telemedicine
robots or develop infrastructure for telemedicine

robots, as the country relies on financial aid and development project funds to promote
domestic development.
One option is to use crowdfunding, which has become popular recently, but it is difficult to
support this system in the long term.
Second, there is a shortage of human resources to work in this healthcare system. We would
like this system to be made possible by volunteer activities on the part of medical
professionals, i.e., we would like medical professionals to provide medical services free ofcharge. If this were to happen, the number of medical professionals who would participate inthis system would decrease drastically. In addition, since this medical system is across-national one, there is a very high possibility that the language used by patients and thelanguage used by doctors and other medical professionals will differ. However, the number of
medical professionals who can use the language used by the patients will inevitably be small.
Therefore, we would like to recruit interpreters to connect communication between patientsand medical professionals. We would also like interpreters to provide interpretation services
free of charge. The idealistic vision of achieving all of these things is too high and would be
impossible for a small country like Cote d'Ivoire to realize.
For these two reasons, it is not feasible to realize this medical system in one small country,
both financially and in terms of human resources. Therefore, we would like to consider therealization of this medical system in West Africa, the region to which Cote d'Ivoire belongs.
This is because the financial resources will increase by considering this in the region of West
Africa. In terms of human resources, we can handle medical treatment to some extent even if
doctors change every day, but we cannot perform surgeries that are planned in advance if thedoctor changes. Therefore, we would like to create a network in which the doctor who treatedthe patient provides information on the patient's physical condition and pre-existing
conditions to the doctor in charge of the surgery on the day the patient wants the surgery, sothat the surgery can be performed. However, because diseases can be detected throughrepeated medical care, if the doctors change, there will always be things that cannot be
communicated through information exchange between doctors, making surgery in thissituation dangerous.
7.References
Japan Surgical Society, "Online Surgery (Remote Surgery)"https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/10803000/000495289.pdf 2022.6.1.
Tokyo Medical University Hospital, "Thorough Dissection of the Surgical Robot "da Vinci"".
https://hospinfo.tokyo-med.ac.jp/davinci/charm/index.html 2022.4.25.
Council for the Promotion of Team Medicine "Learn more about Team Medicine - What is a
Doctor?"https://www.team-med.jp/archives/specialist/doctor#:~:text=%E5%8C%BB%E5%B8%AB%
E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E5%8C %BB%E8%A1%93 May 5, 2022
All Japan Hospital Association, "Report on the State of Hospitals."https://www.ajha.or.jp/voice/arikata/2011/07.html May 5, 2022
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, "On Policy - Health and Medical Care"
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/iryou/index.html May 5,
2022
MEDICAL DX "How are hospitals around the world adopting AI and artificial intelligence?
Case Studies from the U.S., Germany, and China" https://medicaldx-jp.com/news/15 May 9,
2022
Biomedical Engineering "Surgical Support System for Telemedicine"
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsmbe/49/5/49_5_673/_pdf June 1, 2022
Enago Academic English Academy "AI Medicine in Japan: Future Challenges and Latest
Case Studies" https://www.enago.jp/academy/medical-ai_2021/ May 9, 2022
Shinyurigaoka General Hospital, "What is da Vinci da Vinci｜Robotic Surgery (da Vinci)
Center" https://www.shinyuri-hospital.com/advanced_medical_technology/davinci.html April
25, 2022
Expectations for Industrial Robots Grow Even Higher - METI Journal, Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry
https://www.nikkan.co.jp/articles/view/452025 December 14, 2022
Cost of robotic-assisted surgery; expansion of insurance coverage in 2018 will significantly
reduce the cost burden of treatment.
https://www.ganchiryohi.com/treatment/494 December 14, 2022
2020 budget, 9.9% larger than the previous year (Côte d'Ivoire).
https://www.jetro.go.jp/biznews/2019/12/24cfab50dca43a9e.html December 12, 2022
How many yen from 1 franc
https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/ja/?from=USD&to=JPY&amount=1 December
12, 2022
Can the domestically produced surgical-assist robot "hinotori" surpass the giant "da Vinci"?
https://project.nikkeibp.co.jp/behealth/atcl/feature/00019/101200012/#:~:text= December 12,
2022
Kawasaki Heavy Industries' domestically produced surgical support robot "hinotori" half theprice of da Vinci.
https://www.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/1396350.html October 24, 2022
Republic of Cote d'Ivoire Basic Data
https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/cote_d/data.html October 24, 2022

Remote Robotic Surgical Solutions Using 5G - Industry-Academia-Government
Collaboration to Accelerate Innovation
https://smartiot-forum.jp/iot-val-team/iot-case/case-robotic-surgery October 24, 2022
How to maintain the quality and safety of robotic-assisted surgery, which is increasingly
being applied
https://www.medsafe.net/recent/174robot.html October 19, 2022
Online Medical Treatment "LINE Doctor" Nationwide Delivery of Prescription Drugs
https://www.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/1460259.html October 19, 2022
Democratization of Medicine Accomplished by Scanninghttps://alj.com/ja/perspective/ October 19, 2022

Measures against the Negative Effects of Games~ To enjoy the game ~5416 Sumiya Wataru

Abstract
In 2018, the WHO added the name "gaming disorders" to the International
Classification of Diseases (ICD). With it, gaming addiction is now defined and counted as
one of the diseases. The ultimate goal of this study is to dispel the image of gaming as a badthing, and to this end, the goal is to develop countermeasures against gaming addiction.
Proposals for solving the problem of "game disorder," which is considered a worldwide
problem, will be discussed from the perspective of high school students who play games on adaily basis. Herein lies the significance of this study. We propose that the problem in real life
is connected to the addiction to video games, and we propose that the parents provide thestudents with entertainment other than video games, and that the parents provide the students
with the opportunity to do the same. In the future, we would like to continue our study inorder to make this proposal more concrete.

1 Introduction
In 2018 WHO added “gaming disorder” to International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
As a result, game addiction was defined and counted as one of the diseases. Because of my greatinterest in video games, I became interested in "gaming disorder", which led me to begin this research.
I have heard many times from adults telling me to quit playing games. It is true that games have aneffect on the body and mind, but I feel that many adults are telling children to quit playing games
without considering why games have an effect on the body and mind. I believe that this is due to theunderlying image of games as something bad. I would like to dispel this image, and this is the ultimate
goal of this research.

I believe that deepening the understanding of "game disorder" among many people
through this research is the first step toward solving the problem of "game disorder," which isconsidered to be a global problem. In addition, I myself am only a game player. Therefore, I
believe that I can reflect my opinion as a high school student who plays games, rather than as
an adult who does not play games, in my research. Herein lies the significance of this study.
Here is the significance of this study.

2 Discussion and implications
So, how can we dispel the bad image of this game? To answer this research question, I firstconsidered why games are regarded as worse than other entertainment and hobbies. I
hypothesized that it is because games have more negative effects on the body and mind thanother entertainment and hobbies. The main negative effects of games are: (1) The possibilityof dependence, which interferes with daily life, (2) The tendency to focus too close to thescreen and to look at a single point for too long can lead to vision loss. (3) The possibility oflifestyle-related illnesses and impaired communication skills due to not being able to playoutside. etc. can be mentioned. I think that these negative effects of video games havecreated an image of video games as a bad thing. Therefore, I think that if we can reduce thesenegative effects of games, we can dispel the bad image of games, and my research will focus
on how we can reduce gaming disorders.
In conducting this research, I first want to clearly define the term “game disorder”.
According to the WHO, game disorder is defined as acondition that lasts more than 12 months and seriouslyinterferes with a person's social life, such as (1) inability
to control the time and frequency of game playing, (2)giving top priority to game playing, and (3)continuing toplay game despite the fact that problems are occurring.
When gaming disorder occurs, some problems, such as
not being able to wake up in the morning and hitting
objects or people appear. I would like to clarify thedifference between "game disorder" and "gamedependence". First of all, game dependence is adependence on games, but the negative effects of thisdependence are not taken into account. It is not thedependence on games itself that is bad, but the fact that
extended game-playing time interferes with other aspectsof daily life, such as poor eyesight and lack of exercise,
which is considered a "game disorder. This is because
no direct adverse physical or mental effects have beenreported from playing games. I will mention this later.
Another thing that needs to be clearly indicated is the negative impact of the games. If thispoint is not clearly defined, it will hinder this study. Therefore, I would like to define thenegative effects of games as follows.
(1) The possibility of dependence on games and the resulting problems in daily life.
(2) Decrease in eyesight(3) Lifestyle-related diseases due to decreased physical activity.
(4) Communication problems due to reduced opportunities to participate in society.
Other commonly heard negative effects of games include "game brain," but this definition
does not include game brain or its equivalent, because the gaming brain itself has not beenclearly defined and it has no scientific basis.
Next, please see the graph on the right. From this graph, we can read that the rate ofstudents who play games for more than one hour decreases as the playing time increases, andconversely, the rate of students who play games for less than one hour have a higher rate ofhigher education than those who do not play games for less than one hour. The reason for thedecrease in the rate of students going on to higher education may be that the increase in gameplaying time was accompanied by a decrease in the amount of time spent studying. The
reason for the higher rate of higher education among those who played games for an hour orless than those who did not play games improved their ability in some way, and or they haveenough self-discipline to finish games within an hour. The reasons may include the following.

From these results, it is easy to infer that playing games is not a problem in itself, but thatplaying games too much is a problem.
Therefore, based on the above, the ultimate goal of this study is to limit the amount oftime in which the game is played to no more than one hour, which is the amount of time inwhich the game has a detrimental effect on the body and mind. First, I divided into different
target age groups and considered each age group accordingly.
(1)Elementary school students and younger → Have parents set limits(2)Working adults and college students → self-management
Since I consider it difficult for elementary school students and younger to limit their own
game playing time, I recommend that they have their parents or guardians limit their gameplaying time by utilizing functions such as Nintendo Switch's Mimamori setting. Working
adults and university students are considered to be capable of self-management and are
therefore excluded from this study. On the contrary, we will focus on developing
self-management skills before they reach working adults and university students. It is the agegroup of junior high and high school students that must be considered here. I think that thisage group is not perfectly capable of self-management. However, if they continue to be
restricted by their parents or guardians, it will become difficult for them to develop
self-management skills by the time they reach adulthood or college age. Therefore, in thisstudy, we will focus on junior high and high school students and proceed with the research.
However, I do not consider it to be all about reducing game time. First of all, as shown in thegraph above, playing games for one hour or less is considered to have little impact on daily
life. And, there is a considerable difference in the amount of time spent playing games amongindividuals. Taking these factors into account, I would like to let the individual manage his or
her game playing time. So, what can we do to achieve this? I would like to take two
directions. The first is for the individual and the second is for the parents. The first is
essential, but the second is also necessary because if parents impose restrictions, it will hinder
the development of self-management skills, and because I believe that it is difficult toimprove self-management skills for games alone, so the cooperation of parents is essential. I
think that the cooperation of parents and guardians is indispensable.

3 Conclusion
1, For the individualFirst, we considered the factors that lead to game addiction, and it was thought thatproblems in real life lead to game addiction. For example, they are not good atcommunicating with others in real life, they have family problems, and they are in anenvironment where they can play games at any time. These real-life problems cause them tobecome immersed in the game, and as a result, they become dependent on the pleasure they
derive from the game. However, problems in reality vary greatly from person to person, and
it is impossible to solve all of them. In light of the above, my suggestion is to "give themsomething other than games to look forward to. By providing an escape route other thangames when problems occur in real life, it is thought that dependence on games can beprevented. However, there are some points to consider here. First, what kind of enjoyment
should be provided? Even if they find a new hobby, they will not be able to enjoy it if they

become dependent on it. This point has not yet been researched or considered, and is an issue
for the future.
2, For Parents and Guardians
When it comes to giving the child something to do other than playing games, theperson who can help the most is the person who is nearby, such as a parent or guardian. We
also believe that it is sometimes necessary to encourage them to start something new.
Therefore, we would like to suggest that parents/guardians "encourage their children to have
fun outside of games. However, there may be times when this is not possible due to family
circumstances. What to do in such cases is another issue to be considered in the future.

4 References
Nikkei Newspaper / Gaming addiction is a disease WHO, new standard for international
diseasehttps://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO45280950V20C19A5MM8000/
Positive and negative effects of games on children & time of game use ....
https://miranobi.asahi.com
Is There a Threshold for Academic Achievement Reduction Due to Gaming: A Large-Scale
Study Using Recall...
https://www.glocom.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/
Asahi Shimbun / Does gaming lower academic achievement? Large-scale survey finds that"one hour a day or less …
https://www.asahi.com/edua/article/14382712

How to Create a Hydrogen SocietyWith Power Generation Technology
5417

Ryota Tajiri

Abstract
I think we can create a hydrogen society. By the way, the amount of carbon dioxide
emissions is increasing every year. We can decrease the amount of carbon dioxide emissions
with hydrogen. Also, we can increase efficiency. From now on, I will introduce the way tocreate a hydrogen society. We should build hydrogen power plants near city and town areas,
because we can carry hydrogen without loss. In short, we will create hydrogen in each way ineach area such as fossil fuels, by-products of the factory process, biomass, electrolysis ofwater. And we should carry hydrogen with how to liquefy, because it can carry morehydrogen at a time.
1 . Introduction
First, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions is increasing every year. Global carbon
dioxide emissions from fossil fuels reached 37.12 billion tons in 2022. In addition, when you
look at the below chart, global greenhouse gas emissions by sector in 2016, the energy sector
accounted for 73.2%. From these, we have to solve the problem of carbon dioxide emissions
from the energy sector. In short, hydrogen introduced after this is one of the important ways.
So, I want you to know a little about a hydrogen society now. It is fulfilling little by little.

According to the below chart, the global hydrogen fueling station market size is going toincrease, so we should ride the tide. By the way, you may wonder why I chose hydrogen.
However, using hydrogen has great importance. First, it can save energy and decrease a load

on the environment by extending its use in many kinds of areas such as transportation andconsumption of energy. Second, it can promote industry. Especially, its field is said to havesignificant growth over the next 10 to 35 years. For example, the hydrogen and fuel cell
related market is estimated to grow to about 100 million yen in 2030 and 800 million yen in
2050 in Japan.

Currently, Researchers are conducting various studies to create a hydrogen society.
Especially the studies about fuel cells making progress.
2 . Discussion and implications
I searched for a lot of information. I will introduce them one by one. The first point is whatis hydrogen. For example,it is the most abundant element in the universe. Specifically, It
accounts for about 70% of the total mass of the universe. Also, it rarely exists in nature on its
own, but exists as a compound on earth, is a colorless, tasteless, odorless gas, is the lightest
gas and diffuses quickly, is difficult to see flames and reacts with oxygen to form water when
it burns, and liquefies at -252.6℃. I will use these characteristics.
The second point is the current problems for hydrogen society. We mainly have to consider
four points, techniques such as durability and reliability of fuel cells, cost, system such as
institutional development" based on the use of hydrogen as an energy source in daily life andindustrial activities, infrastructure such as hydrogen supply system including the developmentof hydrogen stations.
The third point is how to create hydrogen. There are mainly four ways, fossil fuels,
by-products of the factory process, biomass, electrolysis of water.
The fourth point is how to carry hydrogen. There are ways such as high pressure gas,liquefaction, organic hydrides, pipelines

The fifth point is how to generate electricity with hydrogen. There are mainly two ways.
They are the way with fuel cells and the way with other fuels.

3 . Conclusion
I think we should build hydrogen power plants near city and town areas, because we cancarry hydrogen without loss. In short, we will create hydrogen in each way in each area. And
we should carry hydrogen with how to liquefy, because it can carry more hydrogen at a time.
In the future, I want to consider the technology of hydrogen in other countries and the way totell this research around the world.
4 . Reference
・[Our World in Date] https://ourworldindata.org/
・[ieo] https://www.iea.org/
・[THE WORLD BANK] https://www.worldbank.org/en/home・[PRECEDENCE RESEARCH] https://www.precedenceresearch.com/
・[NEDO] https://www.nedo.go.jp/

The World’s Public Transportation
To Activate by Using MaaSID 5418 Name Kyo Tanaka
Abstract
It is said that most cities are on a low level about the public transportation. To activate it, I
suggest using MaaS, which is expected to be useful.
The concept of MaaS was first presented in Finland, which achieved great success. MaaS
has some benefits such as contribution to the environment, avoiding heavy traffics, and so on.
Once the business of MaaS succeeds, it will be a good chance to activate public
transportation.
1.Introduction
According to the data of Arthur.D.Little, Many cities have low levels of using public
transportation. In this study, Arthur.D.Little regarded 50 percent as the standard public
transportation level. There are 10 cities which are above that standard, but the others, as manyas 90 cities, are below it. The Global Average is 42.3, so it is also low(*1). To improve this, I
suggest the new style of public transportation, called MaaS.
MaaS (Mobility as a Service) is an integrated system that enables commuters to plan, book,and pay for trips through a single online interface. It is expected that MaaS becomes usefulfor the area whose public transportation is not developed. In this paper, I discuss how to makeuse of MaaS.

*1 the graph of City Ranking

2.Discussion and implications
2.1 MaaS in Finland
It is said that the concept of MaaS was first presented by Mr. Sampo Hietanen in ITS
Europe held in Helsinki, Finland, in June 2014. It is called Whim(*2). According to his
presentation, People in Finland spent 300 Euros per month for transportation. It was
expensive, so he advocated changing the way how to spend money. He suggested that people
spent less money for transportation, and much for technology such as ICT, IoT, and so on. He
believed that the fare in the future would be lower than that of that time.

*2 MaaS service in Finland, called “whim”
2.2 The Pros of using MaaS
There are some advantages of using MaaS. If there are MaaS services, the utilization of cars
will decrease. For example, in Finland, the government introduced MaaS services, and due tothis, the utilization of cars decreased from 40 percents to 20 percents. This custom contributes
to the environment. It also allows us to avoid heavy traffic which is caused by a lot of cars.
2.3 The way to put MaaS in practice
To make public transportation become more useful, it is important to promote people to use
public transportation instead of using their own cars. If we do so, the company which controls
public transportation can make more profit, and the level of services will increase. If there are“convenient” MaaS services, many people may think that they do not need to have their own
cars. However, there are some problems. Most cities, mainly which is developing, may not beable to afford to introduce MaaS. To solve this problem, it is necessary to give or lend money
for the cities in developing countries. Once it succeed, the government in that country will beable to earn money. After that, they can develop public transportation and it will become
more convenient.

3.Conclusion

In conclusion, MaaS has not only advantages but also disadvantages. To activate public
transportation by using MaaS, it is important to introduce MaaS first.
4.References「The Future of Mobility 3.0」(November 22nd)https://www.adlittle.com/sites/default/files/viewpoints/adl_uitp_future_of_mobility_3.0_1.pdf「MaaS trends and policy-level initiatives in the EU」(October 18th)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111219301499「Barriers and risks of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) adoption in cities: A systematic reviewof the literature」(November 8th)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275120313846「What is MaaS?」(November 8th)
https://maas-alliance.eu/homepage/what-is-maas/Improvement of Environmental Issues with Stationery~ Creating the world where people can live more comfortably ~5419 Tahara Mie

Abstract
I started this study because I am interested in stationery. Also, I researched this study lastyear. Moreover, environmental problems have proceeded these days, and their problems havebecome more popular.Therefore, I want to research stationery and environmental problems.
First of all, I knew that stationery involved environmental problems.I know that stationery
is produced a lot and most stationery is made of plastic and wood. I think stationery has bad
effects on the environment, especially ocean plastic trash problems and deforestation.
Therefore, I am interested in eco-stationery. Eco-stationery is kind to the globe to protect theenvironment. In addition, I focus on stationery materials. Broadly divided, there are twokinds of materials.First, it is materials that would be trash are reused, second it is materials
that things are made new. If we make eco-stationery, we need to focus on materials.Thus, I
want to continue to improve the environment to spread eco-stationery popularity and usagerate. When I knew that, I came up with an idea that is to put an eco-stationary at public places
such as schools because I thought many people want to use eco-stationery. Furthermore, I
want to do exhibition and trial sessions at stationery shops. I want to do these projects to get
more people interested in eco-stationery.Other than that, I thought of ways to solve education
disparity.I think we can solve this problem by sending stationery that we cannot finish to use
for children who cannot study. Additionally, it is good for decreasing garbage as well.
As you can see, I want to solve environmental problems to spread eco-stationery and help
children who cannot study.I want to solve environmental problems and education disparity byusing stationery.

Introduction
Besides, we often hear about environmental problems in many places such as TV,
Internet,and magazines because environmental problems have become more serious all over
the world these days.
Therefore, when I tried to improve environmental problems, I decided to link stationery andenvironmental problems in my research and chose the theme of improving environmental
problems through stationery. In fact, stationery is made of many kinds of materials. Sincemechanical pencils and ballpoint pens are made of plastic, and pencils are made of wood, this
could lead to some environmental damage. In particular, I have researched focusing on theocean plastic waste problem caused by plastics which are often used in the production of
stationery, and the deforestation problem caused by wood. Furthermore, we have continued
this research with the aim of improving education for children who cannot study withstationery.

In this way, I have conducted this research with the desire to use stationery as anopportunity to improve the environment, andalso to improve problems around the world.

Discussion and implications
As a result of the research, it was thought that stationery is involved in environmental
destruction, and we can improve some problems around the world by using
stationery.Stationery is mainly made from materials that are associated with environmental
destruction. However, after researching eco-friendly stationery, I learned that there are many
types of stationery that can reduce environmental destruction as much as possible.
The definition of eco-stationery refers to stationery that protects the environment and is kindto the earth. In addition, they are starting to attract attention as an item that incorporates
sustainability into your daily life by using it.
An example of eco-friendly stationery is notebook covers made from upcycled materials.
Upcycled materials are things that are made from materials that would be rubbish, but they
are turned into something of new value. In this case, the notebook cover is made fromupcycled material from unused cloth. There are also campus notebooks made from milk
cartons. This is sold at Starbucks and other places, and it is actually made from leftover milk
cartons after receiving an order. I thought it would be easier to spread eco-stationery if large
companies used stationery for environmental conservation.
Moreover, what I paid most attention to making eco-friendly stationery was the materials.
The most interesting item was a ballpoint pen made using a new material called LIMEX
which is a hard plastic-like material made from limestone.
Japan is basically a country lacking in natural resources, but limestone is a resource that isabundant in reserves. It has a 100% self-sufficiency rate. Therefore, the material LIMEX isparticularly effective for environmental conservation in Japan.I thought it might be a goodmaterial.There are also ballpoint pens made using ocean plastic, so, by using and reusing the
garbage which we have created, we can conserve resources.The amount of garbage that is
generated is one of the major causes of negative effects on the environment, so reusing wastematerials not only prevents negative effects on the environment but also reduces the amountof garbage which has a large impact on the environment. In other words, these methods
include making good materials from existing resources, making stationery from newmaterials, using daily waste to reduce the amount of waste, and recycling stationery into otheritems.I thought this might be an effective way to create materials to make them moreenvironmentally friendly. Based on this, we thought that following things are necessary inorder to protect the global environment through stationery.
Our goal is to get more people interested in stationery and to use eco-friendly stationery.
I like stationery and have an interest in stationery, so I learned about the existence of
eco-friendly stationery. And I think that in order to get people to know about the existence of
eco-friendly stationery, they first need to get people interested in stationery. Last year, I
conducted research on how to prevent people from turning away from stationery and increase
the rate of stationery usage. So, I wanted to use the ways I came up with last year to getpeople interested in stationery.In detail, we recommend stationery that is suitable for eachgeneration, and display stationery in public places, hold exhibitions and trial sessions atstationery stores. Also, put stationery that people might be interested in at public places,
display recommended or interesting stationery at stationery stores, and hold trial sessions.I
thought that more people will become interested in stationery. I wanted to increase thenumber of people who are interested in stationery in this way. At the same time, I would liketo get people interested in stationery and eco-friendly stationery.However, there are problems
that even if people become interested in eco-friendly stationery, they may not use stationery. I
think one reason is the issue of price. I think it is inevitable that eco-friendly stationery ismore expensive than stationery that is made normally. However, one of the reasons why
eco-friendly stationery is expensive is that there are few customers and demand is low now,
so production volume cannot increase and prices cannot be low.
First of all, it may be difficult, but by lowering the price of eco-friendly stationery andselling it as much as possible.we can get as many people as possible to buy it, increase
consciousness, increase sales, and gradually lower the price. I thought I may be able to do it.
There are also examples of efforts to spread eco-friendly stationery by making it easy to get
eco-stationery.An example of this is oil-based ballpoint pen Super Grip G Ocean Plastic
which is made from recycled resin from ocean plastic.It is said to be the first pen in Japanthat collects ocean plastic waste that has been discarded on land or in rivers and ended up in
the ocean and reused as a material for stationery. In addition, much of the demand for Ocean
Plastic is for novelty use by companies, such as types with white stems and clip plates thatcan be written with logos or messages. And there are many inquiries from major companies,
with 500 million yen sold in six months since it was released.Looking at examples like this, I
thought that people feel more familiar with eco-friendly stationery, and demand will
increase.I think it is leading to the development of eco-friendly stationery by lowering theprice.On the other hand, most eco-friendly stationery at the moment emphasis on design,rather than trying to make it cheaper. It is inevitable that the price will be a little higher andwe will create a brand with eco-friendly stationery that has a cool design. I thought it is agood idea to attract attention to eco-friendly stationery.
In addition, I realized that buying too much stationery leads to environmental destruction so
I continued my research on stationery and environmental issues. Therefore I realized that
there are many people who have stationery at home that they do not use. We considered
whether we should use it effectively and not waste it. Then, I came up with the idea of​sending stationery to children who do not have access to education. Children who are unable
to receive education cannot collect stationery and other tools needed for study. By sending
stationery that you no longer use and stationery you bought but do not use, children will beable to study in developing countries and you can avoid throwing away stationery. This idea
can contribute to environmental conservation, and help children in developing countries. I
thought that this idea will lead to children being educated as well. After doing some research,
I found out that some organizations were actually trying to donate stationery to children indeveloping countries. Therefore, I thought it would be a good idea to do that.

Conclusion
In conclusion,I would like to spread the word, eco-stationery through this research.And I
want many people to use eco-stationery. Also, I would like to create an opportunity forchildren who are unable to receive an education and help such children by providing
stationery. To this end, we are trying to increase interest in stationery, especially eco-friendly
stationery, by putting eco-friendly stationery in public places such as schools.Therefore
people can use it, and hold eco-stationery exhibits and trial sessions at stationery stores. We
want to have people take them and contribute to the development of eco-friendly stationery.
Also, in order to help children in developing countries and save the earth from anenvironmental perspective. I thought it would be a good idea to donate stationery that we do
not use and need.
My future tasks are to think more about what I can do to get people interested in
eco-friendly stationery and how to solve the problem of the relationship between demand andprice for eco-friendly stationery. I also want to consider whether it is really possible to send
unused stationery to children in developing countries.

References
Choose something that is environmentally friendly! 8 sustainable stationery choices
https://kuradashi.jp/blogs/kuradashi-magazine/806
Equal education! Let's all collect stationery and give it to people in need around the world.
https://www.naganosdgs.jp/approach
Green Issues in Office Stationery
https://www.greenjournal.co.uk/2021/11/green-issues-in-office-stationery/
Approaching environmental issues! Explaining the seven types | Introducing the relationshipwith sustainability and SDGs.
https://media.kepco.co.jp/_ct/17546322

How to spread “CBD” safely-Thinking about the mental health of modern people-

5420 Tsunoda Asuka
Abstract
In modern society,many people suffer from sleep disorders or stress.However,we must
exceed strict criteria to receive medical care,and the care using medicine takes a toll on
our bodies.So,I looked for good ways to heal people who suffer from mental diseases
without any toll on our body.Then,I found out about CBD.It is the components of hemp
but It does not have addiction,so CBD is legal in many countries.However, in popularizing
CBD, problems have emerged, such as the greater potential for crime and the inability touse it effectively due to lack of knowledge.So,I thought about the idea that could solvethese problems.

1.Introduction
I have been searching about CBD.The reason why I decided to search about this topic
is because I found out the truth that there are many people who suffer from sleep disorders
in the world:especially in Japan.As World Sleep Society says “Sleep is Essential for
Health.”,we can not be healthy without enough good sleep.In addition,ｍany people intoday's society are under mental stress because of the developement of theInternet.However, strict criteria must be met to get diagnosed by a psychiatrist as having
a sleep disorder or mental illness. In addition, treatment with sleeping pills can take a toll
on our bodies.So,I wanted to find a good way to heal people without any harm.Then,Ifound out about CBD on the Internet.CBD is short for cannabidiol.It is one of theingredients in hemp.It is extracted from hemp stalks and seeds.It has many positiveeffects.For example,relaxation,sleep improvement,and anxiety reduction.So,I think CBD
can be used to reduce sleep disorder and psychological stress.On the other hand,in theworld,there are many crimes related to hemp.So,I searched about CBD and think how to
spread CBD around the world and how to make people use CBD effectively.

2.Discussion and Implication
First,I searched for details about CBD.As you can see from the figure below.CBD has
a very positive effect on our body,for example relaxation,sleep improvement,and anxiety
reduction.I focus on sleep improvement.It is believed that CBD may support sleep byactivating serotonin, which has an effect on the autonomic nervous system, and CBD has a"biphasic" characteristic, with low doses having "stimulant" effects and higher doses
having " calming" effects.So it is important to know proper dose and time zone.In addition,
CBD is not addictive. In contrast, THC, an ingredient in hemp, is banned in mostcountries because it is both addictive and produces a mental high.Illegal hemp needs to bestrictly regulated because it destroys aperson's life. And CBD must not beallowed to become a trigger for crime.
Second is about restrictions around theworld.The global trend regarding hemp
appears to be heading toward
decriminalization
andlegalization.
However, this is not an admission that it
is safe. The reasons for legalization are"to prevent distribution by criminalorganizations" and "legalization is moremanageable," never because it is safe.
Even in countries and regions that havelegalized hemp, possession and use byminors, who are greatly affected by the harmful effects of hemp, is prohibited.In addition,
only a small percentage of countries have made it legal, and the majority of countries
regulate it as an illegal drug.図を乗っけるSome countries only approve it for medicaluse,and some regions, such as Singapore, China, and the African region, have banned eventhe use of CBD.
Third,I looked up how to take CBD.It is mainly taken in three ways: orally, sublingually,and by aspiration, with the following absorption rates .Oral (capsules, gummies, candy,
chocolate, cookies): approximately 10%. Under the tongue (oil): around 20%. Inhaled(liquids and waxes): approximately 40%.And the proper dosage and correct timing will vary
greatly depending on many factors, including each person's weight and condition.
Therefore, the correct usage should be recommended in an easy-to-understand manner.

Finally,I looked at attitudes toward CBD around the world.As shown in the figure below,
the market for CBD is expected to continue to grow. In addition, many products related to

CBD are beginning to be marketed, as shown in the pictures below.

3.Conclusion
Based on my research, I have two main suggestions. The introduction of a universal
CBD approval mark and the dissemination of information on how to use CBD properly.As I
found out from my research,the attitude toward hemp is varies from country to country.To
prevent CBD from being distributed in countries where it is prohibited or illegal hemp
ingredients other than CBD,I thought the Easy-to-understand display must be used when
CBD products are traded throughout the world.

4.References
Information of insomnia-Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
https://www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp/information/heart/k-02-001.html
The pros and cons of hemp (marijuana) restrictions
http://jssm.umin.jp/report/no31-2/31-2-02.pdf
Hemp and Cannabinoid Use in Medicine
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsptsuppl/43/0/43_3-C-S31-4/_pdf/-char/ja
Global Trends in Hemp
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjscrim/44/0/44_126/_pdf/-char/ja
Knowledge of CBD, international affairs, research
http://cannabis.kenkyuukai.jp/images/sys%5Cinformation%5C20171206225443-F93DD6C
FE8B1C092970601FFD88BDBE2E5F96AE8B22F18642F02F65C6737547F.pdf
benzodiazepine-like drug
https://www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp/information/dictionary/heart/yk-030.htm
CBD Benefits
https://oem-make.com/healthyfoods/hf-column/cbd_oem
Is cannabidiol safe for cancer patients?
https://www.cancerit.jp/69440.html
Cannabidiol (CBD) Critical Review Reporthttp://cannabis.kenkyuukai.jp/images/sys/information/20200921103710-DB754AC13A95
C5E225F5538C81E58E6C430926661E31BAE9EA764C859E33ECBA.pdf
An article:CBD, an ingredient derived from hemp, is rapidly gaining popularity among
young people.
https://newsdig.tbs.co.jp/articles/-/153953?page=3

The Future of FoodWe all need to eat food to live
5421 Notsu Taiku

Abstract
I have been researching a similar topic since I was in junior high school, and I decided tocontinue that research this year because I am interested in it. I believe that this research will
finally make a great contribution to solving one of the world's major problems, ”hunger”. I
collected information on the Internet. Today, both in the world and in Japan, the number ofpeople suffering from "hunger" is increasing. The type of hunger is a little different between
Japan and the world, but both are the same in that they are not getting the nutrition they need.
Therefore, I would like to use an edible 3D printer to create food that contains enoughnutrition to meet the needs of the person and provide it to the people. By doing so, I believethat these people will be able to move out of the category of starvation.

1.Introduction
Since I was a junior high school student, I have been researching the theme of space, and in
the course of that research, I focused my research on space food. However, since I was
exploring Japan at the time, I was unable to complete my research on space food, a theme
that couldn’t be suggested only in Japan. While I was researching space food, I found an idea
for an edible 3D printer. I then changed my research theme from space food to printing out
food. I found this research very interesting and fascinating, and I thought it was a dreamcome true, so I decided to continue my research this year on a similar theme, using the resultsof last year's research.

2.Discussion and Implications
This research will help to reduce the number of hungry people. It can also be used in myearliest research, space food, and may be applied to the terraforming of humans to the moonand Mars in the future. In a more personal way, it will reduce the need to go home and cook,
reducing and the burden of household work. In addition, since the nutrients can be freelychanged, it is possible to realize meals that don't make you fat no matter how much you eat.
This is very useful for people who want to lose weight or fighters who need to lose weight.
I set the research question, "Why do the number of hungry people keep increasing?" Forworld hunger, I think it is because the food supply isn't keeping up with the population
growth and a lot of food is wasted. As for hunger in Japan, I think it is because the standardof living in Japan is so high that families with low incomes can't afford to spend money onfood and are forced to cut down on food expenses. I believe that if we increase foodproduction and reduce food loss to the limit, some people in the world will be able to avoid
hunger. Also, in Japan, if income increases, people will not have to worry about food, and I
think the government should provide more support where it can. However, the situation isn't
yet solved in reality, so I would like to propose a solution to this problem by advancing thisresearch.

3.Conclusion
The world's population is increasing every year. Just the other day, the global population
surpassed 8 billion people. Along with this, the number of hungry people worldwide is also
on the rise. Why is hunger increasing globally? Even though some of us have more thanenough to eat, why are there still people who cannot afford to feed themselves? This can be
attributed to several factors, such as the worldwide inability of food production to keep up
with population growth and the significant food waste by those who have enough to eat.
There are people in the world who could eat a bit if given the chance. For some, the challenge
is not having anything to eat at all, while for others, it's the inability to access the nutrients
they need. I have contemplated ways to help both groups of people. Of course, there would
be no problem if food production increased worldwide, food waste decreased, and all thefood needed by those currently suffering from hunger reached them. That would be the ideal
scenario. However, the reality is that this hasn't been achieved yet. If it were possible, it
should have been done by now, and action needed to be taken immediately.
I considered using a 3D food printer to solve these issues. There is a project called "OpenMeals" that aims to create a sushi restaurant without sushi chefs, called the "Future Sushiya,"where sushi is printed out using 3D printers. In this project, three major technologies—FFM,
FOS, and HID—are employed. FFM refers to the machine that produces the food. FOS
serves as the brain, instructing the FFM on what kind of food to make and considering
nutrients, flavors, and smells. HID is a machine that thinks about what each individual needs
based on their health status. With this technology, it is possible to create any taste,
appearance, and texture. Therefore, I thought of using insect-based food as the raw material
for the 3D food printer. Insect-based food is easy to process, and its carbon dioxide emissions
during production are significantly lower than those of livestock such as cows and pigs,
despite having nutrition comparable to, if not surpassing, that of cows and pigs. However,consuming insect-based food directly is met with resistance, both from individuals and theenvironment. To overcome this, by using insect-based food as the raw material for the 3D
printer, I aim to transform the taste, appearance, and texture, making it a food that anyone can
eat without resistance. This food will provide only the necessary nutrients for each individual,
eliminating unnecessary intake and realizing a future diet. I believe that by making thisprocess accessible worldwide, we can reduce hunger globally. Furthermore, if the machine
becomes smaller and can be placed anywhere, connecting it with smartphones would enableremote operation. This could result in situations where warm meals are ready when returning
home. As the machine advances, it might even be possible to bring it to the International
Space Station, printing out meals in space. This eliminates the need to transport months'
worth of provisions for multiple people into space, allowing for the production of foodon-site using materials produced in space.

4.References
https://discoverjapan-web.com/article/29913 Discover Japan
https://www.open-meals.com/ Open meals
https://spaceshipearth.jp/insectsmeal/ Insect foodInternet Addiction〜To protect children at school camp〜
5422 Hashiba Una

Abstract
Currently, with the spread of the Internet, various problems on the Internet are being
recognized as problems. We can look up anything on the Internet easily. Recently, online
games and online classes using the Internet for coronavirus prevention have been offered, andthe Internet has become an indispensable part of our lives. On the other hand, the Internet
also has its disadvantages. For example, there is Internet addiction, which leads to excessive
use of the Internet, leakage of personal information that should not be known to others, andtrouble on the Internet. Among these, I decided to focus my research on "Internet addiction’’because the number of addicts has been increasing rapidly in recent years, and I was almost
addicted to my smartphone as well.
Finally, I have two suggestions. The first is to have elementary, junior high, and high school
students take an addiction check using the Internet Addiction Test once a year. Second, I am
considering the implementation of "school camps," which are simplified versions of rescue
camps. I believe that forcibly regulating the Internet will not be seen to be effective, so I want
to treat them without making them feel bad.

1 Introduction
Recently, online games and online classes using the Internet for coronavirus prevention havebeen offered, and the Internet has become an indispensable part of our lives. On the other
hand, the Internet also has its disadvantages. For example, there is Internet addiction. So my
research question is ‘’How to protect children from Internet addiction’’. I focused myresearch on elementary through high school students.
First, I looked into the efforts of South Korea, which is an advanced country in the fightagainst Internet addiction. In Korea, there is an activity called a ‘’rescue camp’’.
Rescue Camp is an activity in which camps (long-term overnight experiences) are held atyouth educational facilities to heal from Internet addiction. This activity is being held inJapan today, but it is not very well known.
I have two suggestions to solve this problem.
The first is to have elementary, junior high, and high school students take an addiction
check using the Internet Addiction Test (hereafter IAT) once a year, and depending on the
results, have them receive counseling or go to a specialized hospital (to be introduced into
school physicals).
Second, I am considering the implementation of "school camps," which are simplified
versions of rescue camps.
The camps would be held at schools during long vacations, such as summer vacation, toeliminate or reduce access to the Internet to treat or prevent Internet addiction. We believethat forcibly regulating the Internet will not be seen to be effective, so we would like toimplement a variety of activities in addition to study.

2 Discussion and implications
The goal of treatment for Internet addiction is not to cut the Internet out of the patient's life
completely but to help the patient change and gain control over his or her use of the Internet.
Since it is impossible to completely eliminate the Internet from a person's life, it is important
to help the patient improve his or her relationship with the Internet, rather than telling thepatient to stop. This is an important aspect of the problem.
The final goal of the study is to spread the word worldwide about the need to prevent andtreat Internet addiction so that more people will understand and take action to prevent Internet
addiction.
・What I found out
Internet usage rates by age group. The largest percentage of people using the Internet are
between the ages of 20 and 29, indicating that 98.6% of people will be using the Internet in
2022. Other than that, the percentage of use is also high, except for he elderly.
However, even among the elderly, the utilization rate is increasing between 2021 and 2022.
Since this figure shows that the youth have a much higher usage rate, I decided to focus myresearch on the youth.

Next, we examined media used for different purposes. The Internet was the most popular
media used to "quickly learn about events and trends in the world" among all age groups.
Internet use was also higher than "TV" among those in their 10s, 20s, 30s, and 40s.
The Internet is the most popular media for obtaining information about hobbies andentertainment among all age groups. The percentage of users in their 10s, 20s, 30s, and 40s
exceeded 80%. I think this is the cause of Internet addiction.

I believed that it was important to keep today's youth from becoming addicted to the Internetin order to eliminate Internet addiction so I focused on the students.

This is the "Students' Use of Digital Devices". The graph showsthat smartphones are the most commonly used devices. 40.2%
of elementary school students, 67.0% of junior high school
students, and 94.2% of high school students use smartphones.
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/fuwaraizo/20210709-00244474

How much do students use their smartphones per day?
The graph shows "Students' Weekday Smartphone
Use Time. Elementary, junior high, and high school
students are spending more time on their phones. The
gender gap is longer for boys in elementary school, butthere is almost no difference among junior and seniorhigh school students. High school students spend morethan 14% of their day on the Internet using
smartphones. If they sleep 8 hours a night, this amounts
to more than 20% of their waking hours.

Internet addiction has a variety of negative
effects such as Sleep Disorder, Carpal Tunnel
syndrome,
Dry Eyes, Back & Neck Ache, Eating
Irregularities and Poor Personal Hygiene.

3 Conclusion
Suggestions
1. Implement an addiction check using the IAT
once a year at elementary, junior high and highschools, and depending on the results, provide

counseling or have students go to a specialized hospital. (Introduce this into health checkups
conducted at schools).
2. In addition to suggestion 1, we are considering implementing a "school camp" that is a
simplified version of a ’’rescue camp’’.
The purpose of the camp would be to use long vacations, such as summer vacation, toeliminate or reduce exposure to the Internet at school to treat or prevent Internet dependence.
We would like to implement a variety of activities in addition to the study because we donot think that forcibly regulating the Internet alone will be effective.
We are currently considering who will be in charge and who will be the administrator, but
we are thinking of having a school teacher and a specialist doctor.

4 References
High School Students Use the Internet an Average of 4 Hours a Day : Survey by Cabinet
Officehttps://www.nippon.com/ja/japan-data/h00707/ April 15
Is smartphone dependence causing relationship problems? Let's explore the backgroundcauses.
https://edutmrrw.jp/2016/technology/1111_smartphone_impact April 15Internet usage
https://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/ja/r02/html/nd252120.html May 13
Smartphone Usage Rates
https://www.moba-ken.jp/project/others/ownership20200317.html May 13
What is Internet Dependence? The problem and its impact on health May 13
https://www.nhk.or.jp/kenko/atc_367.html
Outpatient Internet Addiction
https://www.tmd.ac.jp/med/psyc/hosp/hosp_subspe/hospital_subspecial_netdepend/hospital_s
ubspecial_netdepend.html November 9Internet Dependence
https://kompas.hosp.keio.ac.jp/sp/contents/000913.html November 9Internet Dependency Day/Night Care December 7https://www.enomoto-clinic.jp/care/internet/#scroll-section 2
Low nutrition and osteoporosis also increasing "Internet addiction"
https://style.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASFK06036_W3A300C1000000/ December 7

Gavage News
http://www.garbagenews.net/archives/2253315.html December 14
Family Link March 17
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.kids.familylink&hl=j
a&gl=USJapan is very different from China and South Korea, "Japan is very behind" in dealing withaddiction [doctor warns].
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/45c11d4304df85c6e090ae1f6036bccf053dbe02 May 11
Teenagers' addiction to smartphones is growing serious. The government also offers a
training camp program to help them break out of South Korea.
https://www.cnn.co.jp/tech/35144253.html May 11Children's "Internet Addiction": Learning from "South Korea," a leading country incountermeasures.
https://style.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASFK0100W_R00C13A8000000/ May 11
15-year-old boy who was banned from playing smartphone games commits suicide, possibly
due to smartphone addiction.
https://iphone-mania.jp/news-344569/ May 11
Training Camp Program
https://kurihama.hosp.go.jp/hospital/case/tiar_report02.html June 1
About Internet/Game Addiction
Various Symptoms and Treatments
http://www.n-ushicli.com/treatment/dependence.html June 1
The effectiveness of China's measures against online game addiction--minors are limited to
one hour a day on holidays and weekends.
https://japan.cnet.com/article/35175996/ October 19
Evaluation of the Korean Game Shutdown System
https://ides.hatenablog.com/entry/2020/01/27/175716 December 19
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
https://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/ja/r02/html/nd252120.html
December 20

Reuse of Pencils and Mechanical lead
How to reduce of remaining lead in pencils and mechanical pencils
5423 Haruyama Saki
Abstract
We students use writing instruments every day. This has the problem of the remaining lead.
In the world, graphite can be found in abundance. However, graphite which emits carbon
dioxide when burned has been thrown away as the remaining lead of pencils. Also, themelting point of graphite is 3,500℃. Of course it is bad for the environment. It is difficult tomake pencils lead again with remaining lead collected. At this point , I suggest creatingrocket pencil leads by reusing the remaining leads and to popularize rocket pencils once
again. If it could be achieved, we can reduce carbon trash.

1.Introduction
These days, the problem of global warming has become serious in the world, and we aim torealize “Carbon Neutrality”. Under this situation, I focused on the remaining leads of pencils.
Not only students but also business-people use disposable writing instruments every day.
Whether because they are necessary or because the amount of waste per product is small,disposable writing instruments have not received much attention in terms of recycling.
However, it would be a great achievement if the amount of waste could be reduced because it
is a familiar item to many users of writing instruments. Then, I made a research question. My
research question is “What can we do to avoid trash pencils and lead?”. I want to think about
ways to reduce the trash of writing instruments around us. I researched based on the Internet,
books, and interviews with Tombo Corporation. I came up with suggestions based on myresearch.

2.Discussion and Implications
I used pencils, not mechanical pencils, when I was an elementary school student. School
rules required using pencils. There is thepractice that elementary school students
have to use only pencils, not mechanicalpencils. So I have a question whyelementary school students need to use only
pencils. According to Ms.Kosuda, who was
my elementary school teacher, there arereasons to learn how to hold it correctlyfrom a young age. Also because the lead issofter and less stressful on the hand thanballpoint pens, and Japanese fonts are complicated and difficult to write with a pen. However,according to Sabrina and Nico, who were my host family in Germany, they were allowed touse writing instruments other than pencils like mechanical pencils when they were inelementary school. I guess this is related to the local lifestyle. I think changing the local
lifestyle that elementary school students use only pencils is difficult for me. So I can’t learn
the way of reducing pencils wastes from abroad.
Next, I found the tip-chuckmechanical pencils which can use thelead to the last 1mm. The basic
mechanicals pencils have a chuckinside to hold the lead, and the lead ispushed out of the chuck. Therefore,
the length of the chuck holding thelead and the length from the chuck to
the tip of the pen, about 1.5 cm, is usually theremaining lead. This tip-chuck mechanical pencil is made with the chuck as close to the tip as
possible, which allows for the use of less remaining lead. I thought that if I could spread this,I could reduce the amount of remaining leads. However, this is patented by PILOT
Corporation so it can’t be spread so simply. Hence, I think it seems difficult to propose thewidespread use of this tip-chucking mechanical pencil.
I next focused on graphite, the material of the pencil leads. Pencil leads are made by mixing
graphite and resin, kneadingthem together, firing and oilingthem. Graphite has five
outstanding advantages. They are
lubricity, electrical conductivity,
thermal conductivity, heat
endurance, and chemical
endurance. Then I came out tocollect leads and make recycled
leads. However, I found that it is
impossible to make recycled
leads through knowing the way of leads. In 2005,
TEPCO and Tombo Corporation developed a lead made from graphite, which was used aswaste power generation brushes from thermal power plants. Generator brushes arecomponents made of high-purity graphite that are used to transmit electricity to the rotating
shaft of a generator. They are used in contact with the rotating shaft, so they need to be
replaced routinely, and until then TEPCO had been dumping them as industrial waste. They
first crushed the generator brushes into graphite particles. They then mixed this with othergraphite as material for recycled leads to make high-quality recycled leads. This
manufacturing process indicates that Pencil leads are made of high-purity graphite. Pencil
leads that have already been mixed with graphite and resin cannot be crushed to a high purity,
so it is impossible to make Pencil leads again. In order to remove graphite from the leads andreuse it, it must be melted again at high heat. This is not good for the environment. Therefore,
it found it difficult to turn leads into recycled leads.
Next I focused on the rocket pencil, an item that everyone had in their hands in the 1990s,
when the rocket pencil boomed. A rocket pencil is a mechanism that allows the user to switch
the lead part of the pencil so that the sharp lead can be used immediately without the need to
cut the pencil lead. In the 1970s, in a culture where elementary school students used pencils
and mechanical pencils were still a luxury item, the "Tenshir" also known as the rocket
pencil, released by Kokuyo Corporation, was a novelty. However, the price of mechanicalpencils dropped and they became very common. Rocket pencils declined accordingly.
Recently, however, rocket pencils have been enjoying renewed attention in the abacus
segment of the industry. Since the abacus is played while holding the pencil, a short pencil isrecommended for the abacus, since using a long pencil may cause the top of the pencil totouch the abacus, resulting in wrong answers. So, rocket pencils, which are shorter in lengthand can be sharpened without sharpening the lead, are used in abacus examinations. From
here, I thought, it would be a good idea to collect leftover pencil leads to make rocket pencils.

3.Conclusion
Next, we thought of a way to collect leftover lead. We think it would be effective to collectthem at retailers and places where writing materials are used, like eco-caps. I thought it was
important that the locations be places where users are likely to think about recycling. For
example, libraries, schools, community centers, stationery stores, and convenience stores. I
think that collecting the pencils as they are will facilitate processing.
The future prospect is to continue the research with the plan of proposing the creation of asystem to collect pencils that have become short and are no longer in use, and process theminto rocket pencils. It is currently in the ideological stage, so there are still many issues to besolved.
・To find a way to take the lead out of pencils and process it.
・To think about how to reuse the wooden parts of the pencils
・To think about how to sort the collected pencils into different densities.
・To collect solid data to support the research, such as what is done with short pencils, thecurrent usage rate of pencils, the actual usage rate of pencils in elementary schools, the usage
rate of rocket pencils in the abacus industry, etc.
・To make clear the effect and significance of the rocket pencils when they are actually made.
The goal is to solve the above issues.

4.References
シャープ芯のエコ | 株式会社トンボ鉛筆
https://www.tombow.com/mamechishiki/s62/
使い切れないシャープペンの芯 : MOTTAINAI 事務局スタッフ
https://blog.excite.co.jp/mottainai-staff/10491780/[エコマーク認定商品情報]芯までリサイクルシャープ芯https://www.ecomark.jp/ecomarkdb/15112016.html「シャープペンシル用リサイクル芯」の開発および商品化について
https://www.tepco.co.jp/cc/press/05052004-j.html
シャープ芯芯までリサイクルREW052B
https://www.monotaro.com/g/01469582/
短い鉛筆の利用法。最後まで使い切ったり、寄付できるの？
https://gomamomo.com/41.html
トンボ鉛筆 鉛筆 木物語 2B 1ダース LA-KEA2B | 鉛筆 | 文房具・オフィス用品
https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E9%89%9B%E7%A
D%86-%E9%89%9B%E7%AD%86-%E6%9C%A8%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%9E-1%E3%8
3%80%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9-KEA2B/dp/B000THTOYC?th=1
残芯について | 株式会社トンボ鉛筆
https://www.tombow.com/faq/34s/#:~:text=%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%AC%E5%BD%93%E3%82%8A%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%8710mm,%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%82%8F%E
3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82【文房具の穴】鉛筆を使うことは森林資源を消費しているのか？
https://www.fumihiro1192.com/entry/20160828/1472335200#:~:text=%EF%BC%88%E5%9
B%9E%E7%AD%94%EF%BC%89%E9%89%9B%E7%AD%86%E3%81%AB%E3%81%
AF%E4%B8%BB,%E3%81%AF%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%
80%82
8.炭素（カーボン）の性質ってどんなの？ | - レイホー製作所
https://www.0ho.co.jp/carbon/p8/
ＡＢＳ樹脂最後の１ｍｍまで書けるシャープペン ０．５ｍｍ | 筆記具・消しゴム 通販 | 無印良品
https://www.muji.com/jp/ja/store/cmdty/detail/4549738960447
シャープ芯のあれこれ（Q＆A）−日本筆記具工業会
http://www.jwima.org/sharp-pencil/s04-1sharp-pencil/s04-1sharp-pencil.html#
シャープ芯の作り方 | 株式会社トンボ鉛筆 12/1(木)https://www.tombow.com/mamechishiki/s56/#:~:text=%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E8%8A%AF
発電機ブラシ＊1をシャープ芯へ再利用するのは、日本初
https://www.tepco.co.jp/cc/press/05052004-j.html
そろばんでえんぴつを使うのはなぜ？ - 関目のそろばん塾 12/9(金)https://kakitajuku.com/index.php?QBlog-20150717-1
シャープペンシルの歴史｜トンボKIDS
https://www.tombow.com/sp/kids/mechanicalpencil/history_world.html
かつて流行した「ロケット鉛筆」が、ある習い事で今大人気！｜TBShttps://topics.tbs.co.jp/article/detail/?id=5362

English Education in JapanThe spread of international schools and human resources development5424 Hirai Meru
Abstract
I want to spread international schools in Japan. Students who go to such schools are very
good at English, because foreign teachers teach them and the classes are usually done in only
English.By doing so, Japan can develop talented resources who can speak English. Those
people will be active in foreign countries and easily adapt to globalization.
In conclusion, the expensive tuition and the lack of teachers are preventing the spread ofinternational schools. So, I think the system of the educational environment should bechanged.Specifically, to change the procedure to work as foreign teachers, and to spread“ free childhood education”. By using this system, families will be provided constantsubsidies from the government.By learning about the benefits of the system, the burden ofschool fees will decrease and international schools will become more accessible.
Acquiring English will lower the hurdle to the challenge of going abroad.
Because they do not have to worry about the language. In addition, if more Japanese are able
to understand specialized fields such as management and medicine overseas, more people
will be able to engage in activities abroad. I believe that this will lead to the development ofJapanese people who can be active not only in Japan but also in the world.

1 Introduction
The research question for my study is "What should the Japanese government do to develop
global human resources by improving the English skill of Japanese children? ”
A global human resource is a person who can profit and contribute to economic activities byconducting business around the world. English is needed to develop them.
Educational reform began in 2020. English was regarded as the same as Japanese andarithmetic in elementary schools. The number of words we should master by high school
graduation has increased by about 2,000 words. By these changes, the government must
think it is important to catch up with the development of a global society.However, according
to Graph 1, many Japanese are not good at English. Therefore, to improve the English
proficiency of Japanese people is necessary.
I focused on international schools as a means to achieve my goal2 Discussion and implications(graph 1)

A 2009 Basic Survey on English in Junior High Schools showed that about 60% of students
didn’t have a college of their English skill.

(graph2 )(graph3)Also, in a survey of Japanese businesspersons, more than 80% of the respondents "like" tospeak English, but less than half of them answered that they are not "good" at speaking
English.There is no relation between liking and being good at English.

(graph4)(graph5)

On the other hand, graph4 shows the number of people who take an English proficiency test
(eiken). Graph5 shows the number of registrants who use online English lessons.
By these data, we can say that many Japanese want to improve and learn English.
But, some people want to live in Japan all the time or think that they have no plans to use
English in the future. I thought it would be good if there were schools for only those whowant to speak English fluently and live abroad in the future.
In addition, we did not learn to speak Japanese based on grammar, but came to speak itnaturally through our parents and other familiar people. Then when we reached elementary
school, we learned its nouns and verbs.
If children learn English in the same way, students who have high English communication
skills will grow.
So how can children be exposed to English from an early age? There are various ways, suchas attending an English conversation class or buying English teaching materials, but I feelthat children who attend international schools have very high English ability. This is because
the teachers are foreign and most of the lessons are conducted in English.
From those perspectives, International school is a good way to focus on particular people.
International schools were originally established and developed for foreign children living inJapan. With the internationalization of education, they provide education in English while
meeting the requirements of Japanese schools.There are less than 200 international schools inJapan.There are some reasons why they don’t become popular.
First is the cost.It is known that the tuition fees are really expensive.Some people give up toenroll in these schools because of their economic problems.
But in 2019, a system called "free childhood education" has begun. If both parents areworking, single mothers, or single fathers, we can use this system.
The percentage of married couples who work together is about 66%.It means that the
program would apply to more than half of all families.
The child will receive 37,000 yen per month. It amounts to 444,000 yen per year, which will
greatly reduce tuition costs.
The second is the Japanese employment system.Foreign teachers have to do many proceduresto get teaching licenses in Japan. ( employment permission, visa etc）This system iscomplicated for foreigners.
The third is that sometimes international students are regarded as not finishing compulsory
education. However, almost all the students try to enroll in foreign universities after
graduation. Also, there are choices to pass the high school graduation test before university
examination or go to international schools until kindergarten and elementary school.

3 Conclusion
In conclusion,the expensive tuition and the lack of teachers are preventing the spread ofinternational schools.
And,I concluded that "the system of the educational environment should change.'’
Foreign teachers are necessary to run such schools. So, the government should accept English
teachers in an easy way.
For example “Majoring in a subject related to the necessary skills or knowledge, andcompleting a special training program at a special training college in Japan.’’ is needed to geta teaching license now. I think it’s good to delete this requirement if they majored in it when
they were in university.
In addition, since the system of [free childhood education] started three years ago, it isnecessary to make many people aware and spread awareness about it.By learning about thebenefits of the system, the burden of school fees will decrease and international schools will
become more accessible.
Acquiring English will lower the hurdle to the challenge of going abroad.
Because they do not have to worry about the language. In addition, if more Japanese are able
to understand specialized fields such as management and medicine overseas, more people
will be able to engage in activities abroad. I believe that this will lead to the development ofJapanese people who can be active not only in Japan but also in the world.

4 References
International School Tuition
https://www.kdi.ac/fs/column/20220602_international-school-tuition/ 2022.5.10

Free Childcare Leads to Rush of Parents to International Schools
https://istimes.net/articles/1258#outline25 2022.5.10

Does the free kindergarten education program also approve international schools?
https://hoken-room.jp/student/7724 2022.7.05

Results of Survey on Actual Conditions and Motivation for Learning English
https://www.iibc-global.org/iibc/press/2019/p123.html 2022. 7.05

Examination Status Eiken
https://www.eiken.or.jp/eiken/about/situation/ 2023.6.12

To control the progression of myopia in children
Utilization of digital health
ID 5425 氏名 Fujimoto Yuko
Abstract
The number of people who are myopia is sharply increasing and that becomes aproblem called the myopia pandemic. Actually, according to Brian Holden Institute of
Vision Research, Australia, the myopia population is expected to increase to 4.758
billion people, half of the world population, by 2050. In 2020, the number of them is2620 million. Also, the intensely myopia population is likely to increase to 938 million
and have the risk of blindness one in ten. If myopia proceeds and becomes intensely
myopia, the retina is stretched which connects to pathological myopia and becomesthe cause of reduced or distorted vision. What is worse, blindness is likely to occur.
Then, in my research, in order to suggest how to prevent myopia, I did my researchon these three terms.
① the cause of proceeding myopia②the difference of school health survey and myopia survey to clarify the advantageof myopia survey③ use of digital health
About ① the cause of proceeding myopia, four points:brightness, time, distance,and blink which are thought the environmental cause by using of digital devices are
the important terms. Also, about ② the difference of school health survey andmyopia survey to clarify the advantage of myopia survey, myopia survey is the usefulway so that we can know whether we are myopia or not and the degree of myopia torecognize how we should be careful to prevent myopia. About ③ use of digital
health, we can record our daily health data which we take by ourselves and the data
would make us take actions to accomplish the goal.
Therefore, I suggest these things.
1, We should take the myopia survey and record the data on “Digital Therapy App”
which makes use of digital health.
2, We should measure brightness, time, distance, and blink frequency when we use
digital devices and record the data on “Digital Therapy App”.
3, We provide the users of “Digital Therapy App” with some technologies whichmake them connect the data to their actions to prevent myopia.
The reason of my research
These days, the number of people who are myopia is sharply increasing and that
becomes a problem called the myopia pandemic. Actually, the myopia population is
expected to increase to 4.758 billion people, half of the world population, by 2050.
However, the causes of proceeding myopia are genetic and environmental factors. Inthe case of the latter, we could prevent myopia by consciously changing theenvironment. So, I focused on the cause of myopia and how we can prevent it in ourdaily lives.
Purpose and Significance of the Research
If myopia proceeds and becomes intensely myopia, the retina is stretched whichconnects to pathological myopia and becomes the cause of reduced or distorted
vision. So, when the number of myopia people increases with the word “the myopia
pandemic”, the number of people who suffer from how they see things increases.
The use of digital devices, which is one of the causes of development of myopia, isdifficult to limit in today's digital society. Therefore, it is necessary to suggest how toprevent myopia in this study in order for people to balance their health when living ina digital society.

The way to research
In this research, we propose solutions to problems mainly based on informationcollected through the Internet. First, I examine the environmental factors of myopia
and how they influence the progression of myopia. Next, through the Internet, I
examine the differences between the ”School health survey” conducted at schools
every year and the ”Myopia survey” conducted by some schools by the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and the points needed toprevent myopia. Finally, by utilizing "digital health", I suggest how to prevent myopia.
Research result/discussion<Current circumstances>
Currently, the number of myopic people is rapidly increasing around the world,
creating a problem called a "global myopia pandemic." According to Australia's Brian
Holden Vision Institute, the number of myopic people is expected to increase to
4.758 billion people by 2050, roughly half the world's population. Furthermore, thenumber of people with severe myopia is predicted to increase to 938 million people,
and it appears that one in 10 people may be at risk of blindness. As myopia
progresses to a state of severe myopia, the retina is stretched, leading topathological myopia, resulting in decreased visual acuity and distortion. As thedisease progresses, blindness may occur.

<What I research in this study>
Then, in this study, I researched① the difference between school health survey and myopia survey② the cause of development of myopia
in order to suggest how to prevent development of myopia.
① the difference between school health survey and myopia survey
About ① the difference between school health survey and myopia survey and thebenefits to utilize myopia survey,
Is there anything that helps us recognize myopia or not and how to recognize thedegree of myopia?
There is a school health survey that students take every April at school to conductvisual acuity testing as a health examination. However, it doesn’t survey about
details, such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. So, students have no choice
but to recognize the decrease in eyesight, using glasses or contact lenses in order
not to affect their lives. The school health survey is a survey to check whether
students have a visual acuity of 1.0 or not by viewing the vision screen from a
distance of 3 meters. If their visual acuity is less than 1.0, school recommends
students to see an ophthalmologist and submit the results of the medical
examination to the school with the signature of having been examined.
But, according to the results of the 2020 school examination post treatment survey(Nagano prefecture), which had a high response rate, the percentage of children notreceiving medical examination was around 40% in elementary schools, over 50% in
middle schools, and over 80% in high schools. This indicates that many children do
not receive medical care because it is only a recommendation to see a doctor.

↑ the treatment survey results after school health survey in 2020
(Nagano prefecture) : eye test
Also, the information of this school health survey for 9 years is in the healthcertificates preserved for 5 years at their school after they graduate to discard them.
Now, the survey results are replaced from paper for preservation with terms todigital. But the survey is vague because eye tests let students recognize theireyesight with four-level decisions and corrected eyesight is also the target to check.
Moreover the survey results are not enough because the rate of students who see
doctors after school health surveys is low.
For these reasons, the eye test of school health surveys is not enough to motivate
students to change their behaviors for their eye health because enough surveys andvaluable results that connect for students to make use of them are important.
② the cause of development of myopia
There are two possible causes of vision loss: genetic and environmental factors.
However, since heredity is invariant, only environmental factors were considered inthis study. According to "Environmental Factors of Myopia in School Children" by Tae
Igarashi, three environmental factors are thought to be involved in the progression of
myopia: education, outdoor activities, and screen time. This education in which
students face problems and notebooks on their desks indoors, shorter time foroutdoor activities such as playing outside, and increased use of digital devices leadto an increase in near work time. This longer near work time is said to be closely
related to the progression of myopia. Currently, there are no specific surveys or
research results to investigate the causal relationship between the use of ICT
devices and the progression of myopia, but it is a fact that the myopic population isincreasing with the digitalization of society. There is also concern that the use ofdigital devices is related to the progression of myopia, as it is one of the causes of
longer near working hours. In addition, Researcher Holden, who predicted andpublished the global myopia and high myopia population, pointed out that changes inthe developmental environment of children are behind the rapid increase in the
myopia population worldwide. Therefore, I decided to focus on the increased use ofdigital devices as an environmental factor in the progression of myopia.
When, exactly, do digital devices have a negative impact on eyesight? According
to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), thefollowing were found to have an impact: "when used in a room that is too bright or
too dark," "when used for a long time," "when used in a bad posture and close to thescreen," and "when dry eyes are experienced without blinking.
In fact, Internet penetration is spreading throughout the world, and the progression

of myopia due to digital device use is a global problem. However, it is impossible todrastically reduce the use of digital devices in the future, as each student is given aterminal. Therefore, in order to reduce the negative effects of digital device use as anenvironmental factor for myopia control, I considered brightness, time, distance, andblinking to be the four most important research targets.
First, let us discuss brightness. Working in dark areas shortens the distance
between the eyes and the digital device, making it impossible to maintain therecommended distance.
Second, it is about time. Keeping the ciliary muscle (the muscle that focuses theeye) tense for long periods of time is not good for myopia. In fact, it is believed thatstaring at a digital device for long periods of time can promote myopia if the ciliarymuscle is left engaged. Therefore, it is recommended that after 20 to 30 minutes ofstaring at a screen, one should look at least 5 meters away for at least 20 seconds.
Next, let's look at distance. The distance to the screen should be at least 60 cm for
a computer and 30 cm for a tablet. Furthermore, using digital devices with poor
posture or while lying down can easily lead to myopia and "chatter eyes," adifference in visual acuity between left and right eyes. Therefore, it is better to use
digital devices with a straight back, good posture, and at a reasonable distance fromthe device.
And then there is the matter of blinking. Dry eyes without blinking can cause a wide
range of symptoms, including glare, eyestrain, and vision loss. However, there is no
cure for dry eye, and it causes a long-term decline in quality of life. Therefore,
blinking should be moderate to prevent dry eye and the worsening of its symptoms.
<Perspective of my research>Through this, in order to prevent myopia in children,① to collect the detailed data of myopia② to appreciate collected data correctly③ to change their behavior so as to make use of the data
these three points should be achieved.
① to collect the detailed data of myopia
First, about ① to collect the detailed data of myopia, I want to suggest that weshould make use of the “myopia survey”. Now the use of digital devices is increasing
and every student can receive their own digital devices. Then, in order to clarify the
myopia in children, a survey of myopia among children in 2021 is conducted. In thissurvey, whether students are myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism or not and themeasurement of the degree of myopia, the length of the ocular axis, spherical powerof transmission (refractive examination under adjustable anesthesia), and anteriorchamber depth are checked. In addition, questionnaires are being conducted forchildren to examine lifestyle habits such as outdoor activities and time spent using
devices, and for schools to introduce digital devices and provide instruction on rest
from near work. Thus, it appears that surveys are being conducted to quantify thedetails of myopia and to examine its relationship with environmental factors such as
digital devices and near work. Therefore, a survey on the actual condition ofnear-sightedness is considered to be an effective means of obtaining detailed dataon whether and to what extent each individual has near-sightedness, and ofrecognizing how much care must be taken to prevent near-sightedness.

② to appreciate collected data correctly
Second, about ② to appreciate collected data correctly, I suggest that we collectthe data which shows the affluence by environment which are bad for children’seyes. That is because we have to change our consciousness of our own reality ofmyopia and connect to Inhibit progression of myopia. For this purpose, it isnecessary to compare the degree of nearsightedness with national averages andother data, and to understand the causes of nearsightedness. From the above,
regarding the use of digital devices as a possible environmental factor in the
progression of myopia, we found that brightness, time, distance, and blinking are
four important targets in preventing myopia.
First, we discuss the data on brightness and visual acuity. We thought it necessary
to clarify the relationship between the illuminance of the room and the screen andthe transition of visual acuity.
Next, I would like to discuss the data on time of use and visual acuity. We thought itwould be good to know how the time spent looking at the screen using the camera
function affects visual acuity.
Then, I would like to know the data related to the distance between the screen andthe eye and the visual acuity. It would be great if we could use the camera function tomeasure how close people are to the screen when using digital devices, and clarify
the relationship between this and changes in visual acuity.
Finally, data on dry eye and visual acuity. It would be good if a special camera
could be used to collect data on the degree of dryness of the eyes to determine therelationship with visual acuity.
③ to change their behavior so as to make use of the data
Third, about ③ to change their behavior so as to make use of the data, I suggestthat I make use of “digital health”. Digital health refers to any medical treatment using
information and communication technology, specifically telemedicine and online
medical treatment, but also the use of digital terminals to measure pulse rates andelectrocardiograms in order for patients to monitor their health in their daily lives.
For example, one type of digital health is called "digital therapeutic apps. The goalof this is to help patients recognize what they need to do for their health and live theirlives with care, focusing on their everyday lives, rather than on medical examinations
by doctors or tests with medical equipment. This "digital therapeutic app" utilizes asmartphone to record physical conditions and presents diagnostic advice to help
patients proceed with treatment. Specifically, in Japan, CureApp SC Nicotine
Dependence Treatment App, Japan's first treatment app for nicotine dependence,
was launched by Cure App in December 2020 after clinical trials, pharmaceutical
approval, and insurance coverage. Patients measure the carbon monoxide
concentration in their breath, which rises when they smoke, daily with a special
device and record it in the app, and enter their medication status and whether or notthey are experiencing side effects.
Another type of digital health is mobile health. Mobile health is the use of digitalterminals to measure heart rate, ECG, BMI, and WBGT, an indicator of heat stroke,
to determine health status. The results of technological development can be applied
to medical devices and pharmaceuticals, one of which is "Dry Eye Rhythm. One
such application is "Dry Eye Rhythm," an application that allows users to measure ascore (dry eye index) that indicates the degree of dry eye using an iPhone, andincludes three measurement items: "blink frequency," "practical visual acuity," and"dry eye question index (OSDI). The "blink frequency" is measured using theiPhone's camera-based face recognition function (CIDetector). Specifically, thenumber of times a person blinks can be measured by taking a picture of their face as
it appears on the iPhone display and holding it for 30 seconds.
Since Japanese people have good access to hospitals and a good insurance
system, they are characterized by a less preventive approach to digital health, inwhich they "record the relationship between their daily activities and their healthstatus, and use this information to improve their lives. However, in some countries,
access to hospitals is not good and the insurance system differs in some areas fromthat in Japan, making it easier for systems using the concept of digital health to be
accepted worldwide.
From the above,① to collect the detailed data of myopia② to appreciate collected data correctly③ to change their behavior so as to make use of the data
the conclusion of these three perspectives are① to recognize the degree of myopia making use of the “myopia survey”② to collect the data which shows the affluence by environment which are bad forchildren’s eyes
③ behavior modification by making use of “digital health”
Conclusion
I want to make a “Digital health care system” which can fill these three perspectives.
① to recognize the degree of myopia making use of the “myopia survey”② to collect the data which shows the affluence by environment which are bad forchildren’s eyes
③ behavior modification by making use of “digital health”<< Digital health care system>>① The first screen of Digital health care system ② Stage 1 is the period of
indifference/resistance③ Users can watch the news and take an interest by choosing items.

④ If users select “About future projections of the myopic population”, users canwatch the graph of it and explanation about it.

⑤ Stage 2 is the period of interest.

⑥ Users input the data.

⑦ Users input the data.

⑧ Users input the data.

⑨ Users check the level of interest. If students check 3 or 4, they can go to nextstage and if students check 1 or 2, they should return to stage 1.

⑩ Stage 3 is the period of⑪ Users input the data.
implementation.

⑫ Users input the data.

⑭ The system show the graphof digital device usage.

⑬ The system show the myopia
progression graph.

⑮Stage 4 is the period ofcontinuation.

⑯ The system introduce a system to connect with others working on the projects.

⑰ The system publishes key points of initiatives and results and individual
assessment data.

References
Myopia worldwide pandemic
https://project.nikkeibp.co.jp/behealth/atcl/feature/00003/052900114/
Global Myopia and High Myopia Population
https://orthokeratology.jp/kinshi-increase/
Myopia Population Trends
https://jhei.net/news/2017/000496.html
From High Myopia to Pathological Myopia
https://moumaku.com/mcnv-eye/disease/about_mcnv/
Environmental Factors for Myopia
https://www.pieronline.jp/content/article/0039-2359/279020/117
Environmental Factors for Myopia About Digital Devices
https://www.hikichi-eye.jp/blog/1906
Why Digital Devices Affect Visionhttps://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2018/08/1
4/1408183_5.pdf
2021 Survey of Children with Myopia
https://www.hikichi-eye.jp/blog/1906
Report on the Results of the 2021 Myopia Survey of Children in Japanhttps://www.mext.go.jp/content/20220622-mxt_kenshoku-000013234_1.pdf
Lifestyle to prevent myopia
https://koikeganka.com/news/oshirase/sick/3953
How to deal with digital devices
http://www.machida.tokyo.med.or.jp/?page_id=22394#:~:text=%E7%94%BB%E9%9D%A2%E3%81%B
E%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AE%E8%B7%9D%E9%9B%A2%E3%81%AF,%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%8B%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8C%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%80%82
About Dry Eye
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000371.000021495.html
What is Mobile Health?
https://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/research/radiant/qol/story5.html/
dry eye rhythm
https://xtech.nikkei.com/dm/atcl/feature/15/327441/110100137/?P=2Efforts to build an anonymous database
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jami/36/5/36_221/_pdf/-char/ja

Spreading Education in Developing Countries
Possibility of Online Education
ID5426 氏名Maeda Gaku
Abstract
Currently, it is known that a lot of children who live in developing countries cannot go toschool. The aim of this study is to spread education in developing countries and reduce thegap between developed countries and developing countries. I searched on the Internet about
the education of developing countries. Then I found three kinds of reasons: poverty, the lackof equipment, and health. I focused on the lack of equipment and considered how children
can study without going to school. As a result, I thought they would be able to take online
classes with the “TUMIQUI Smart Kit”, which is developed by SUCRECUBE Japon.
Therefore, I interviewed the proposers who made the kit. The results suggest that online
education with TUMIQUI Smart Kit is one of the best ways to spread education indeveloping countries. The results also show that online education has the potential to become
better education. To spread this method in developing countries, crowdfunding and making
applications in which children can learn languages are good ways.
1. Introduction
According to UNESCO, about 60 million children of primary school age cannot go to school(Figure 1). In addition, the literacy rate of young people in the world is 86 % and about 773
million people cannot read and write. More than half of them live in developing countries.
The literacy rate of sub-Saharan African countries such as the Republic of Chad, the Republicof Niger and South Sudan is about only 40% (figure 2). Education is one of the goals of
SDGs but people cannot solve it. If people cannot go to school, there are many disadvantages,
for example, they cannot receive social services, they have to get a job which does not needreading and writing, and they cannot learn major languages so they cannot work in the city.
My study’s purpose is to spread education in developing countries from the perspective of a
student and reduce the gap between developed countries and developing countries. First, I
searched about education in developing countries on the internet. After that, I interviewed thepeople involved in online education in developing countries.

Figure 1

Figure 2

2. Discussion & Implication
First of all, there are three devastating reasons for lack of education.
The first reason is poverty. If the country is in poverty, the government cannot support
money for education. If the people are in poverty, they cannot only pay their school fees but
also the children have to work. Poverty is also one of the goals of SDGs.
The second reason is the lack of schools and teachers. In the areas which do not have any
schools, children have to walk to a dangerous place for about two hours, so their parents do
not let them go to school. Only one teacher has to teach more than 50 children in the classes
which do not have enough teachers. In addition, their quality of teaching is very low becausesome teachers take only elementary education. It is not enough.
The third reason is about health. Health problems such as water shortage, starvation and lackof medical treatment are devastating in a lot of developing countries.
Besides these reasons, some girls cannot go to school because of religion, some boys haveto fight in the war as soldiers, and the parents do not understand how important education is.
What is more, some of these reasons are included in SDGs such as poverty and health, andthey connect each other, so the problem of education in developing countries.
I cannot solve all of these reasons, so I focused on the lack of schools and made a researchquestion, “how can the children in developing countries study without going to schools?” I
thought of three solutions.
The first solution is the home tutor style. The children do not need to go to school because
the teachers go to the children. However, the home tutor style needs more teachers, so it isdifficult to carry out.
The second solution is to teach each other. Some children go to school and they teach otherchildren. This solution does not need many teachers, but almost all children do not haveenough teaching abilities. In addition, it may become the cause of discrimination indeveloping countries.
The third solution is online style. This solution is equality for not only children but also
adults and does not need many teachers. What is more, it is sustainable. However, they needelectricity, radio waves, and devices to do online lessons. Then I found “TUMIQUI Smart
KIT”, which was developed by the TUMIQUI Project in SUCRECUBE Japon.

There is a portable solar panel, a charging and storage device, a communication tool which
can connect to Wi-Fi, and an LED light bulb. If a village has it, many children can do online
lessons. I contacted the representative director, Koichi Sato, and chief customer officer, Miho
Sato to ask about the problems of the TUMIQUI Project. They told me that there are notenough devices to do online lessons in Senegal. It is difficult to do online lessons indeveloping countries, but it is very sustainable, and it will help to develop the quality ofeducation in developing countries.
3. Conclusion
Now, a lot of children cannot go to schools in developing countries. It is difficult to solve
because there are many reasons, and they connect each other. To solve one reason, the lack ofschools, I suggest doing online lessons with TUMIQUI Smart KIT. However, there is notenough money to get devices to do it. To solve this problem, I think crowdfunding is one of
the best ways. A lot of people want to support education but some of them do not know what
they can do. Crowdfunding is one of the easiest ways for them. In addition, I am thinking of a
new way to spread education, and application development, because the ICT penetration rate
in developing countries is high (Figure 3). I heard that a Japanese girl makes learning
applications in developing countries. I will contact someone who knows a lot aboutdevelopment.

Figure 3
Mobile phone sales in Africa (millions)
4. References
Rate of children who can’t go to school〈https://ourworldindata.org/children-not-in-school〉(5/25)
Literacy rate
〈https://ourworldindata.org/children-not-in-school〉(5/25)
Shukru Cube Japon Co.

<https://www.sucrecube.co.jp/> (6/10)
Three causes of education problems and solutions.
<https://www.worldvision.jp/children/education_01.html#d0e9d87eb78fa54e47cd213ca7606
442> (6/23)
ICT penetration rate in developing countries<https://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/ja/h26/html/nc112000.html> (7/10)
The number of students per teacher in elementary school in the Central Asian Republics<https://graphtochart.com/education/central-african-republic-pupil-teacher-ratio-primary.php> (7/21)
Safe Water｜Water and Sanitation｜UNICEF's Main Areas of Activities<https://www.unicef.or.jp/about_unicef/about_act01_03_water.html> (9/8)
Hunger Issues<https://volunteer-platform.org/syokuryou/> (10/15)
Child Labor Data｜Child Labor Network (CL-Net)"<https://cl-net.org/child-labour/data.html> (10/15)
Diffusion rate of telephones〈https://note.com/umemoto_abp/n/n400ef0b9f133〉(11/9)

A New Way To Eliminate Space Debris
To accomplish sustainable space development
5427 MAKITA YUYA
1. Abstract
The space debris problem is one of the most serious problems which we must address
to fulfill the sustainable development in space. We researched for several methods ofremoving the debris and suggested a new way that uses a satellite with expandable arms
which hit the debris to change its orbit and drop the earth. In the future, we would like toexamine strong materials for the arms and the way to acquire the debris.
2. Introduction
We cannot ignore the space debris problem when we advance space development.
Space debris is unwanted artificial objects in orbit, and the number is estimated to be 20,000
larger than ten cm, 500,000 to 700,000 larger than one cm, and more than 100 million objects
larger than one mm. These objects are rotating at high speed (seven to eight km/s) in orbit,
and collisions with satellites and other operational objects can have serious consequences.
Moreover, according to Donald J Kessler(1978), collisions between space debris become
increasingly likely as the density of space debris increases in orbit around the Earth, and acascade effect results as each collision in turn creates more debris that can cause further
collisions. Eventually, debris will multiply to the point where space exploration becomes
impossible. Therefore, we have to solve the problem as soon as possible. In this paper, We
discuss a new way of removing space debris.
3. Discussion and Implication
Several ways have been suggested to solve the space debris problem. Some examples
and their pros and cons are shown below:
・Capturing debris with robot arms
We launch the satellite with robot arms andcapture debris.
Advantages: We can remove debris certainly.
Disadvantages: It is difficult to approach andcapture debris.

https://www.kenkai.jaxa.jp/research/debris/deb-capture.html
・Changing the orbit with the laser to drop the groundAdvantages: We can diminish the debris at little cost.
Disadvantages: There is a risk of military use.
https://www.technologyreview.com/2011/03/14/196356/nasa-studies-laser-for-removing-space-junk/・Wrapping the debris with a thin net equipped with a satellite
Advantages: We can launch it less expensive due to its
tiny size.
Disadvantages: It is difficult to protect satellites fromcosmic rays.

http://www.popsci.com/space-debris-clean-up-spacecraft

As these examples show, they have advantages and disadvantages, and no one method alone
can solve this problem. Therefore, it is safe to say that utilizing the various methods
comprehensively can be a good solution. Referring to the methods above, we suggest a newsatellite with expandable arms which hit the debris to change its orbit and drop the earth. We
cannot use this satellite to remove big debris, such as rocket components and unused
satellites, but it is not single-used and it can eliminate a lot of debris.
We illustrate an object which is the most similar to the satellite. Each silver circle isequivalent to each arm. Using more arms enables us to hit the debris more efficiently without
consuming a lot of fuel to control the aircraft's orientation.
However, this method has problems. It is very difficult to acquire the high-speed
debris. Also, the debris has huge energy, which will break the arms when they hit.

4. Conclusion
In the future, we would like to investigate strong materials that could be used for thearms and research methods for accurately capturing debris.
5. References
https://www.kenkai.jaxa.jp/research/debris/deb-faq.html
JAXA : スペースデブリに関してよくある質問（FAQ）’22 12/14

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-43418047
BBC : Big harpoon is 'solution to space junk' ‘22 12/19
http://www.popsci.com/space-debris-clean-up-spacecraft
This spacecraft is thinner than a human hair and can capture space debris | Popular Science ‘22 12/20

Donald J. Kessler and burton G. Cour-Palais, “Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites:
The Creation of a Debris Belt” Journal Of Geographical Research (1978)

Images Beyond The Word
How to express things in our brain

ID 5428 Name Mashimo Yuka
Abstract
In recent years, technologies related to BMIs(Brain Machine Interface:A device that reads
brain waves and uses the brain's commands to operate a computer, or sends direct stimulationfrom the computer to the nerves to provide sight and taste without the use of sensory organs)have developed, and some researchers have attempted to make BMIs more practical. BMIs
include two types of machine: invasive, such as SUA/MUA/LFP and ECoG, andnon-invasive, such as EEG, MEG, NIRS, fMRI, etc. The invasive type is more accurate, but
it has risks such as infection because of surgery, and cannot be used for healthy people now.
On the other hand, the non-invasive type has the advantage that it can be used for healthypeople now because it does not require surgery, although there is a high possibility of noise.
In this study, I compared the features of each BMIs with the communication media andsearched for the best way to communicate with healthy people using non-invasive BMIs. The
result of the analysis found that the best BMI that can be used by healthy people is ECoG,
and that the best media of communication are text and images that are connected to concrete
objects. However, while ECoG has excellent temporal and spatial resolution, it is not known
whether it is best for producing text and pictures.

1.Introduction
In recent years, the technology of BMIs has been increasingly developed: BMI is a device
that measures the state of the brain and input this information into a computer to operate thecomputer, or on the contrary, the brain receives the stimulation sent by the computer toprovide sensations. Many studies on BMIs began with Dr.Chapin and his colleagues in 1999
and have continued to this day. They reported that in their study, a mouse was able to movethe water fountain's motorized arm and drink water just by thinking. Today, studies are being
conducted to improve the accuracy of BMIs and for use by healthy people in their daily lives.
Therefore, I decided to compare the features of media of communication to the features of
BMIs in order to help healthy people communicate using BMIs in their daily lives.
To compare the characteristics of BMIs, I based on the statements in previous studies. Also,
six different BMIs were used for comparison. When comparing the features of the media ofcommunication, I used our own evaluation rubric which is inspired by an article written by
Hideki Touyama(2009). The rubric includes needs of surgery, size, time resolution: how shortintervals it can measure, and space resolution: how much detailed data it can measure. The
six media used for comparison were inspired by the history of human beings. If it werepossible, I would have liked to do an experiment with the device to reveal if there is aconnection between the type of BMIs and the media of communication, but I cannot do theexperiment, so I would like to find out through comparing and referring to the data.

2.Discussion and Implication
BMIs can be categorized into two types: invasive and non-invasive. The invasive typerequires surgery to implant electrodes into the brain and cannot be used in healthy people's
lives now because of the risk of infection. However, it is highly reliable. The other is the
non-invasive type, which measures the state of the brain from the outside by covering thehead or using a large machine. For this study, I examined the features of six different BMIs.
〇BMI(invasive)
1.SUA/MUA/LFP
2.ECoG
1.SUA/MUA/LFP
This is a method in a category called extra-cellular recording. This method implants
electrodes in the brain and sends the information to a computer. This method is highly
accurate and the size of the machine can be reduced, but it is difficult for healthy people touse because it requires surgery. At this time, people with disabilities in brain and bodyfunctions are using this method as a communication tool in the experimental stage.
SUA(Single Unit Activity) is the method to read spike signals from a neuron. MUA(Multi
Unit Activity) is similar to SUA, but it reads spike signals from neurons. LFP(Local Field
Potential) is different from these two methods because it is a method of reading electric fields
and potentials.
2.ECoG
There are two types of ECoG(Electrocorticogram): invasive and non-invasive. The invasivetype implants a sheet of electrodes into the brain, while the non-invasive type uses sensors
that cover the whole head. Both methods have the advantage of being able to measure a wide
area of the brain without unbalanced measurement, and also have the advantage that theelectrodes are stable and do not slide easily. Furthermore, the size of the measurement device
can be reduced. There are many studies using ECoG, and some products have been put into
practical use.
〇BCI(non-invasive BMI)
1.EEG
2.MEG
3.NIRS
4.fMRI
1.EEG
EEG measures brain waves and makes it possible to reduce the size of the machine.
However, the possibility of noise caused by slight movements of the person being measured,such as blinking, is large, and its reliability is not as high as expected. It is also affected by
the volume of the skull and brain itself.
2.MEG
MEG measures the magnetic field generated by brain activity. It is almost the samemechanism as EGG, but has higher performance than EGG. However, the problem with
MEG is that it is difficult to miniaturize the machine. This means that it cannot be used in thedaily lives of healthy people.
3.NIRSNIRS uses infrared light to measure the movement of blood vessels in the brain. It can beminiaturized and requires no surgery. However, it has low temporal resolution.
4.fMRIfMRI is a method of measuring cross-sectional views of the human body using magnets andelectromagnetic waves.This has the advantage of high accuracy and the ability to map theentire brain, but it also has the drawback of large machines.
The features of the six methods are listed in the table below(table1). The perfect BMI for
daily use by healthy people would be something that can be used without surgery, is small insize, and has high performance. Therefore, I conclude that non-invasive ECoG is the mostappropriate.

invasive

surgerysize

time
resolution

space
resolution

SUA/MUA/LFP

yes

small

◯

◯

ECoG

yes/no

small

◯

◯

EEG

no

big

✕

✕

MEG

no

big

◯

✕

fMRI

no

big

✕

◯

NIRS

no

small

✕

◯

non-invasive(table1. Features of BMIs)
Next, I will summarize the features of the media of communication. I was inspired by astudy that referred to the history of human communication and classified the media ofcommunication into six categories.
◯the media of communication
1,A cluster of information that has no meaning
2.A cluster of information that has meaning(=text)

3.Pictures representing abstract objects
4.Pictures representing specific objects
5.Movement and facial expression
6.Prepared options
We evaluated these communications from three perspectives: accuracy (whether the
information is conveyed to the other person correctly), universality (whether the same
information is conveyed to all people), and freedom (whether the thought is conveyed to theother person freely). The results of the evaluation are shown in the table below(table2). The
results of the evaluation showed that a meaningful cluster of information (text) and pictures
representing concrete objects are good tools to communicate.
1

2

3

4

5

6

accuracy

✕

◯

✕

△

✕

△

universality

✕

△

✕

◯

✕

◯

freedom

✕

◯

◯

◯

△

✕

(table2. Features of media)
3.Conclusion
Finally, I tried to find a connection between the features of BMI and the communication
tools. However, I cannot find any previous studies that show a relationship, and myevaluation of the data is not accurate, so I cannot say with certainty that there is arelationship. My hypothesis is that the ECoG will have advantages in the measurement oflanguage-related areas that use a large portion of the brain because it can measure the wholebrain without bias and has both high temporal and spatial resolution. Therefore, I expect thata useful product will be created that uses ECoG to measure about ”text”. I also believe thatimage-based output can be used with ECoG to measure a wide range of areas related tovision. In the future, I would like to complete this research by experimenting to determine therelationship between the features of BMI and the features of the communication media.

4.References
Takafumi Suzuki(2012):Motor output-type Brain-Machine Interface〈https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnns/19/3/19_112/_pdf〉
Hideki Touyama(2009)「Keywords you should know」Vol. 63 No.6 pp.772-776〈https://www.ite.or.jp/contents/keywords/FILE-20120103131221.pdf〉
Tasuku Kashiwamura(2021)「Life design report」〈https://www.dlri.co.jp/files/ld/151980.pdf〉「総務省│令和元年版情報通信白書」〈https://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/ja/r01/pdf/index.html〉

Keiichi Watanuki(2010):ブレイン・マシン・インターフェース技術とその応用〈https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pscjspe/2010S/0/2010S_0_611/_pdf/-char/ja〉
Osamu Hasegawa(2013):Decoding Visual Images from Electrocorticogram〈
https://niigata-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=9373&file_id=20&file_no=1〉
Yukiyasu Kamitani(2008)「リレー解説 サイボーグ医療」Vol.45 No.5 pp.431-436〈https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sicejl/47/5/47_431/_pdf/-char/ja〉
Takufumi Yanagisawa(2022)「脳神経外科ジャーナル」Vol.31 No.9 pp.558-563〈https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jcns/31/9/31_558/_pdf/-char/ja〉
Yasunari Hashimoto, Junichi Ushiba, Yutaka Tomita, Akio Kimura, Meigen Riu(2011)「
Japanese Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience」Vol.13 No.2 pp.171〈https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ninchishinkeikagaku/13/3/13_249/_pdf/-char/ja〉
Kunio Ohno, Toshiko Kumura(2017)「研究報告ドキュメントコミュニケーション（DC）」Vol.1
pp.1-8〈https://ipsj.ixsq.nii.ac.jp/ej/?action=repository_uri&item_id=184652&file_id=1&file_no=1〉

5.Bibliography
Meigen Riu(2015)「認知リハビリテーション」Vol.15 No.1 pp.1-8〈https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cogrehab/15/1/15_2010.001/_pdf/-char/ja〉
Toshiki Yoshimine, Takufumi Yanagisawa, Jin-ichi Sawada, Takanori Hazama, Hideki
Mochizuki, Hirata Masayuki(2013)「臨床神経学」Vol.53 No.11 pp.1405-1407〈https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/clinicalneurol/53/11/53_1405/_pdf/-char/ja〉

Direct Communication
The need for collective house
5429 Mitsuhashi Kazuma
Abstract
These days the number of elderly people is increasing rapidly, which is called the aging
population, in the world, especially in developed countries with highly sophisticated medical
support.. One of the effects is the increasing number of lonely and unseen deaths because
they are not always taken care of by relatives. Another is the increasing number of people
who are suffering from dementia. That makes them need some help. By the way, most people
seemingly get along with neighbors. However, they do not know about them very muchbecause almost nobody communicates with them at least once a week. Then few can receive
mutual help. I think that one of the solutions for these problems is to use collective houses
efficiently. The collective houses are the same as shared houses in that three to twenty people
can live together. On the other hand,it makes a difference between collective houses andshared houses that the collective houses have some rooms that are shared and rooms that are
not shared but the shared houses have only shared space. Then, I think collective houses for
only elderly people can be precious instead of nursing homes for the countries which havehigh healthy life expectancy. It can prevent the progress of dementia and help them tobecome independent. However there are some issues, and one of them is that the houses canonly suit elderly who can manage themselves.
1.Introduction
Collective houses for elderly people are not widespread in the world. First of all, there are a
few collective houses. This way of living originated in Sweden, Denmark, and other
Scandinavian countries in the 1970s as a countermeasure for their aging societies in theNordic region, which had an aging population before Japan.However the new reinterpretationof future house styles is now being considered for sustainability. In developed countries,
more and more people get older because of high medical techniques and they will needeveryday help. Then, I hope that by using several houses everyone can feel comfortable andrelax. I focused on daily communication because the more busy we are, the less opportunities
we have to communicate with each other. Especially with neighbors. Communication canbetter affect mental healthand physical health.The
house styles can help us
revive communities likeneighborhoods and also forelderly people theneighbor-communicationencourages them to behealthy and prevent diseases.

2.Discussion and implicationsFirst, I found the styles of houses that provide people with communication, such as
cooperative houses, co-housing, and collective houses. All these styles are not known muchbecause people are not interested in them, or hate houses shared all. Simultaneously, I thinkthey are definitely needed in the future because these houses would help people reduce theburden of household chores and something you are worried about. Especially for elderly
people it is very tough to do what they have to do. They really seek help and wish to behealthy. The more elderly people reclaim help for them, the more nursing homes there are.
However the cost of enrolling in nursing homes is quite high, and young people feel much ofa burden to care about them.
Collective houses are a way of living that is not bound by conventional notions of family,
welfare, or housing, but rather a way of living that allows people to live freely while creating
new ways of interacting with each other. This is a space in which people share a part of theirlives together. Communication is expected to increase in the shared spaces. This allows forindependence and the development of broad and rich relationships with people who are notrelated to each other. One of the researchers says that even if people do not live alone some ofthem feel lonely. Collective houses are not as inexpensive as shared houses, but they offer
more private space. The greatest advantage of a collective house is that you can live together
with people of many
generations, andthey can lend you ahand with things
that would be
difficult for you to
do on yourown.Multi- living iscommon, and a wide
range of people canmove in, including
families raisingchildren, people
living alone, and theelderly. In acollective house, thebuilding does notcome first, but theresidents come together first to think about how they will live. In other words, there is noneed to worry about the next tenants. I focused on collective housing for not multiple people
but elderly people. Elderly people who are living in collective houses need to maintain almost
themself, so the collective housing is for people who are living a healthy life. One of theadvantages of collective housing is that those can learn and share their opinions among
multiple generations. However collective houses for elderly people can be affectedsufficiently. I need to think about the need for collective houses for only elderly people who
can manage themselves. The highest healthy life expectancy by country is Japan, and thehealthy life expectancy has been increasing gradually all over the world. More and more
people in different countries would reclaim their communication with each other andcollective housing is a good idea to satisfy them with communication and connection and also
one of the research says that “using talking therapies to effectively treat depression in adults
over the age of 65 may be clinically linked with slightly reduced rates of future dementia
diagnosis.” In other words, increasing communications can prevent diseases.
3.Conclusion
I think collective houses will be needed in the future, especially in countries which have highhealthy life expectancy. I recommend that the countries introduce collective houses for
elderly people for management among them, and they also will help them create sustainablecommunities in the houses. They can receive mutual help and prevent some diseases. I put a
special emphasis on living together, and creating sustainable communities. However the
problem is that residents in collective houses are limited to people who are able to maintaintheir own lives. To spread collective housing all over the world, I need to think about healthy
life expectancy. I am still considering how to increase the healthy life expectancy.
4References
https://www.homes.co.jp/cont/press/report/report_00021/#:~:text=%E5%AE%9F%E9%9A%
9B%E3%81%AE%E5%B1%85%E4%BD%8F%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E3%81%AF,%
E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%81%8C%E5%A4%9A%E3%81%84%E3%8
2%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%A0%E3%80%82
12/9
https://chc.or.jp/collective/index.html
12/9
https://realestate-sale.link/collective-house/
12/9
https://newspitalfields.wordpress.com/2015/11/20/lange-eng-collective-living-2/
12/9
https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/number-of-nursing-facilities/?currentTimeframe=0&
sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D 11/22
https://dortemandrup.dk/work/lange-eng-cohousing-community-denmark
11/22
https://www.jeffnobbs.com/posts/trends-in-usa-healthy-life-expectancy
12/6
https://nieuweinstituut.nl/en/projects/ouderenhuisvesting/collectieve-huisvesting
11/22
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Rate-of-people-feeling-lonely-versus-people-living-alone-as-related-to-level-of-activity_fig1_2307214171/26
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2023/feb/link-between-talking-therapy-and-lower-rates-dementia-assessed 2/3

New Pneumonia Prevention in Developing Countries~A Future for All Children with a Vaccine Patch~5430 Reina Morohara

Abstruct
The highest cause of children’s death is pneumonia, but its vaccine has not prevailed indeveloping countries. I considered the new way to spread the pediatric pneumococcal vaccine
based on some problems of today’s vaccine: cost, the shortage of doctors, and the shortage of
medical facilities by researching on the internet and getting an expert opinion. As a result, I
concluded that making the pediatric pneumococcal vaccine into the microneedle patch is theeffective way. My future issue is to consider how to balance the profits of pharmaceuticalcompanies and people’s access to vaccines.

1.Introduction
I believe it's imperative to reduce the number of children dying from pneumonia. The
mortality rate among children under five years old is high, especially in developing countries
in Africa and Asia. The highest cause of children’s death is pneumonia, followed by diarrhea
and septicemia. Currently, the method of treatment for pneumonia has been established, so
the possibility of patients being on the verge of death is not so high. However, in 2018,
pneumonia accounted for approximately 36.8% of deaths among children under five years
old (Figure 1). In spite of the fact that pneumonia is a major reason of children’s death underfive years old, only 3% of global infectious disease research funding is allocated topneumonia. People can prevent pneumonia by vaccines and treatments using low-priced
antibiotics. However, tens of millions of people have not been injected yet. If 90% of children
are injected, 610000 children can be saved. In 2020, the world's first forum on pediatricpneumonia was held and UNICEF jointly presented that about 9000000 children can avoid
deaths caused by pneumonia and other major diseases if measures to fight against pneumonia
are strengthened. We should achieve the goal of eliminating preventable deaths set by SDGs
3.

Figure 1 Deaths of children under five by leading infectious diseases,2018

Save the Children(https://www.savechildren.or.jp/scjcms/sc_activity.php?d=3088)
I will focus on the vaccine in this study and set the research question: What measures should
be taken to disseminate the pneumonia vaccine in developing countries? If the vaccine toprevent pneumonia spread widely in developing countries, it leads to saving a lot of children.
However, there are three main problems in today’s vaccine. First, vaccines are heat sensitive
and need to be stored at low temperatures, which makes transportation and storage costly.
Second, many vaccines are currently administered by injection, which requires medical
technicians to administer the vaccine in spite of the shortage of doctors.Third, access to
medical care is difficult due to the small number of medical facilities. Therefore, it isnecessary to establish a new way of injection, so I hypothesized that making the pediatricpneumococcal vaccine into the microneedle patch is the effective way. In this study, I
researched the present situation and the merits and demerits of the microneedle patch bymainly using the internet. However, there is little information about the microneedle patch
because it has not spread in societies and taken clinical tests, so I listened to opinions of theexpert who has researched microneedle patch. Then, I consider the most effective way toprevail the pediatric pneumococcal vaccine.

2.Discussion and implications
The microneedle patch is made from high polymer compounds and there are tiny needles
called microneedle patch(Figure 2). It is like a pimple patch. On April 2, in 2020, Universityof Pittsburgh School of Medicine reported that it cultivated a candidate of the vaccine whichis injected by the microneedle patch. Its antigen is the spike protein of the covid -19(SARS-CoV-2) and researchers found the increase of mice’s antibodies. Microneedle patch is
expected that people will be able to carry it all over the world cheaply and easily because it
does not need to be stored at extreme low temperatures. Also, its cost to make is low and it
leads to contributing to the wording: All people have access to basic health care services
when they need them and at a cost they can afford, which is carried in Universal Health
Coverage. Moreover, microneedle patch is expected that people can be injected smoothly
even in developing countries which fall into the shortage of doctors because it does not need
medical technicians due to its easy way to use. At present, the microneedle patch is mainly
used in cosmetic products, but recently, it has been applied to vaccines. In September 2022, a
Tohoku University research team confirmed the immunizing effect of a "stick-on vaccine"with numerous painless short needles in an animal experiment using mice. The skin surface
layer is equipped with an excellent immune system by Langerhans cells, and it was expectedthat the paste vaccine would have a better immune effect than intramuscular or subcutaneous
injections. The research team employed porous microneedles as short needles for the vaccine
to be applied and conducted experiments. In January 2022, a research group led by Hiroaki
Iwata, a lecturer at Hokkaido University Hospital, succeeded in developing a patch-type
Japanese encephalitis vaccine that is applied to the skin. They succeeded in developing apatch-type Japanese encephalitis vaccine that is applied to the skin and published in theLancet affiliate of the British medical journal at the end of last year. They claim that a smallerdose of the vaccine was more effective in preventing the disease than a subcutaneous
injection. The Japanese encephalitis vaccine that Hokkaido University Hospital has
successfully developed into a vaccine patch is an inactivated vaccine, the same as thepediatric pneumococcal vaccine. According to an article by Dr. Shinsaku Nakagawa,
Professor of the Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Osaka University, "The majority of vaccine antigens currently in practical use are live
vaccines that use bacteria or viruses with weakened virulence, or inactivated vaccines that use
pathogens that have lost infectivity while retaining antigenicity through chemical treatment,
etc. The majority of vaccine antigens are inactivated vaccines. Since these vaccine antigens
are in particulate form, it is desirable to develop new transdermal vaccine devices to replacehydrophilic gel patches in order to develop transdermal vaccine preparations that can handle
a wide variety of antigens. Therefore, it is anticipated that the specification of skin-dissolving
microneedles instead of hydrophilic gel patches will be effective. Since the pediatricpneumococcal vaccine is also an inactivated vaccine, the use of intradermal dissolvablemicroneedles (Figure 3; Although the name is bio-dissolvable microneedles, the structure is
the same in that the drug is dissolved in the skin for administration) would be appropriate.
Although there are no examples of microneedle patches for pediatric pneumococcal vaccines,
the successful use of microneedle patches for the Japanese encephalitis vaccine, which is also
an inactivated vaccine, suggests that it may be possible to use microneedle patches forpediatric pneumococcal vaccines. I also actually spoke with Dr. Shinsaku Nakagawa.
According to his talk, first of all, he said that the microneedle patch weighs 2mg to 3mg onlyin the part without needles. In addition, the micro-needle patch has a property that the moreother ingredients are added to the patch, the softer the needle becomes. Therefore, themaximum amount of drug is limited to about 10% of the vaccine patch, or 0.2 mg to 0.3 mg.
If more is added, the needle will not penetrate the skin and will no longer function as a
vaccine. In the case of pneumococcal vaccines, the amount of drug for one type of
pneumococcus is 2 µg to 3 µg. The current pneumococcal vaccine, in which 13 to 14 types ofpneumococcus are administered at a time, requires approximately 20 µg to 30 µg, or 0.02 mg
to 0.03 mg of drug. This amount is about one-tenth of the 0.2 mg to 0.3 mg limit, andtherefore, it was anticipated that it would probably be possible to make a microneedle patchof the pediatric pneumococcal vaccine at the current intake level. However, even if making apediatric pneumococcal vaccine into microneedle patch is feasible, the shape of the needle
must be such that it can be inserted correctly into the person to be vaccinated. In addition, thelength and strength of the needle must be adjusted according to race. In my study, the target
population for micro-needle patched pediatric pneumococcal vaccine will be infants between
2 and 6 months of age in developing countries (for the first three doses, with additional doses
to follow). Additional doses will be given later). The skin of infants is thin, measuring only
about 1 mm, or about one-half the size of an adult. Therefore, we thought that the needle
length should be designed to be shorter and thinner than that used for adults, but Dr.
Nakagawa pointed out that since it has not yet been put into practical use, it is not possible todefine a single suitable patch shape.

Figure 2 Vaccine patch(Microneedle patch)
JoongAng Ilbo(Japanese)(https://s.japanese.joins.com/JArticle/
283278?sectcode=A00&servcode=A00)

Figure 3 Bio-dissolvable microneedles
GOOD DESIGN AWARD(https://www.g-mark.org/gallery/winners/
9dc94676-803d-11ed-af7e-0242ac130002)

3.Conclusion
In response to the research question "What measures should be taken to disseminate
pneumonia vaccines in developing countries?", I propose the use of microneedle patches forpediatric pneumococcal vaccines based on the results of the above study. Since the pediatricpneumococcal vaccine is an inactivated vaccine, it is desirable to use intradermal soluble
microneedle specifications in the vaccine patch. In addition, when creating a microneedle
patch for pediatric pneumococcal vaccine, the target population for vaccination is infants indeveloping countries, and since infants have thinner skin than adults, I thought that the patch
needle should be designed to be short and thin, but since it is not in practical use, a suitable
shape cannot be determined. If the micro-needle patch pediatric pneumococcal vaccine isdisseminated to developing countries, it will establish low-cost pneumonia prevention that
addresses the shortage of physicians and medical facilities, and will help achieve universal
health coverage and SDGs3. The first issue for the future is to think how to balance profits topharmaceutical companies and people's access to vaccines. It has been pointed out thatpharmaceutical companies, as profit-making enterprises, raise the price of drugs and makehuge profits, which are then distributed to a very few people, such as shareholders andexecutives.In the case of the new coronavirus vaccine, people had to pay a portion of theirtaxes as a subsidy to the pharmaceutical companies, and then pay high prices for drugs
developed and manufactured with the subsidies, with the profits going to a small percentageof the population(Figure 4).

Figure 4 In case of the vaccine of Covid-19
It is also necessary to set up specific patch sizes and needle lengths that have not yet been
considered, as well as to consider specific ways to disseminate patches in developing
countries.

4.References
United Nations Information Center (2017) "Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Health forAll."
https://www.unic.or.jp/activities/economic_social_development/social_development/universa
l_health_coverage/（April 25, 2022）
UNICEF Japan Committee for UNICEF (unknown) "Even at this very moment. There aremany lives that can be saved."
https://www.unicef.or.jp/special/19sum/（April 25, 2022）
UNICEF Japan Committee for UNICEF (2019), "November 12 is World Pneumonia Day:
800,000 children under five die annually from pneumonia"
https://www.unicef.or.jp/news/2019/0160.html（April 25, 2022）
WHO Association of Japan (2021) "United Nations : Mortality rate of children under 5 years
old, a significant deviation from the SDGs target"
https://japan-who.or.jp/news-report/2112-49/（May 23, 2022）
MIRASUS（2021）"Africa's Medical Problems, What are the Solutions and Initiatives?"
https://mirasus.jp/sdgs/health-wellbeing/364#:~:text=%E7%97%85%E9%99%A2%E3%81%
8C%E5%B0%91%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E3%81%AE,%
E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E3%82%82%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82（
May 23, 2022）
Healthy Stand（2022）"Stick it on your skin! What is a Vaccine Patch?"https://www.healthy-stand-japan.com/blog/1585（May 23, 2022）
gooddo magazine editorial board (2022) "Let's learn about the current situation of medical
problems in Africa and consider necessary support."
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/health/africa_health/4033/（May 23, 2022）
Nikkei Biotech (2020) "U.S. University Develops New Corona Vaccine Administered byMicroneedle Patch."https://bio.nikkeibp.co.jp/atcl/news/p1/20/04/06/06781/（June 20, 2022）
UNICEF Japan Committee for UNICEF (unknown) "Just one vaccine can save a life."
https://www.unicef.or.jp/special/17win/（May 23, 2022）
UNICEF Japan Committee for UNICEF (2020) "Averting 9 million child deaths bystrengthening prevention and treatment of pneumonia"
https://www.unicef.or.jp/news/2020/0012.html（May 23, 2022）
Save the Children（2018）Pneumonia will kill 11 million children by 2020."
https://www.savechildren.or.jp/scjcms/sc_activity.php?d=2857（May 23, 2022）
gooddo magazine editorial board (2021) "What is the difference between Japan and countries
where many children die from infectious diseases? What are the efforts Japan is making?"
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/health/3990/（May 23, 2022）
Shinsaku Nakagawa, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University (2011)"Vaccines that stick to the skin!"https://www.phs.osaka-u.ac.jp/homepage/yaku/sotugo/pdf/h23_01_0.pdf（June 20, 2022）

Ltd., From Page Yume Navi Editorial Department (2012) "A vaccine that sticks saves the
lives of 1.5 million children a year."https://yumenavi.info/vue/lecture.html?GNKCD=g004777&OraSeq=2794180&ProId=WNA
002&SerKbn=3&SearchMod=3&University=V&Page=3&KeyWord=%E5%A4%A7%E9%9
8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6（October 17, 2022）
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2013) "Q&A on the Switchover of PediatricPneumococcal Vaccine."
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/kekkaku-kansenshou28/qa_haienkyuukin.html（
December 12, 2022）

Causes and Solutions for Honeybee Decline
5431 Yamagishi Maruto

Abstract
Currently, the decline of bees is becoming a significant concern. Bees play a crucial role inaiding the pollination of plants. If they disappear, fruits such as strawberries might become
scarce and very expensive. There are many issues causing the decline of bees, and I believe
solving all of them is challenging. Therefore, I propose the introduction of urban beekeeping
as a new method taught in schools to increase the number of bees being raised.

1 Introduction
By researching “How much does the decline of bees impact the economy?” as theresearch question, we will then devise solutions based on the findings. Conducting this study
will help us understand the extent to which the issues faced by beekeeping affect theeconomy. By clarifying this impact, we can propose solutions to address the problem.

2 Discussion and implications
The United Nations Environment Programme (Unep) buzzes into the ongoing
discussion of bee decline this week, with a report examining the global nature of the issue
and some of the reasons behind it. Their top-line conclusions are that itnis becoming awidespread, if not quite global, phenomenon, and that there is a multiplicity of causes.
Declines - and in some cases, sudden collapses - of colonies in Western Europe, North

America and Japan have been widely reported (Richard, 2011). Richard,Black,2011,Bees: asting in the tale
The decline of bees stems from various reasons. Within the agricultural structure, bothurban and rural areas witness increased development encroaching upon natural habitats. This
has led to a heavy reliance on agricultural produce for pollen and nectar, exposing bees topesticides during the pollination process, resulting in their demise.

Biological factors contribute as well. Bees face longer foraging distances due to the
spread-out availability of plants, decreasing their foraging efficiency. Labor-intensive
practices in monoculture farming or within enclosed spaces lead to overwork and exhaustion.
Moreover, there is a seasonal imbalance in the availability of pollen and nectar sources,
making bees susceptible to viral diseases due to nutritional deficiencies. Nutrient
inadequacies hinder the production (propagation) of worker bees, further exacerbating the
problem.

Socially, the beekeeping industry struggles due to the scarcity of pollen and nectar sources
necessary for sustained beekeeping. The industry often guards favorable foraging locations,making it difficult for new entrants. Additionally, honey lacks competitive pricing, making
beekeeping less sustainable. An aging workforce and a dearth of successors compound thisissue.

Furthermore, the loss of wild bee populations due to habitat destruction has intensified thereliance on bees for pollen cross-pollination, resulting in an excess demand. The limited
number of beekeepers also struggles to increase bee populations for breeding purposes,
facing difficulties in expanding bee colonies due to direct vulnerability to weather changes
and other environmental factors, making problems harder to circumvent.
Research data suggests that although still in developmental stages and less efficient,bee pollination yields better crop quality than artificial pollination.

Traditionally, beekeeping is practiced by individuals specializing in honey production or
those relying on bees for pollination. However, a new beekeeping method called urban
beekeeping exists. Conventional beekeeping typically occurs in proximity to plants that yield
nectar, essential for honey production. In contrast, urban beekeeping involves beekeeping
atop buildings in urban areas. Urban beekeeping offers advantages such as easy initiation andcontributes to urban greening efforts and biodiversity conservation.

3 Conclusion
From these aspects, the declining bee population appears to be an urgent issue thatshould be promptly addressed, considering the significant economic losses associated withthe decrease in bees. The factors contributing to the decline of bees are diverse, and solving
them all at once is deemed extremely challenging. Therefore, I considered that by addressing
one of the major issues, which is the decline in beekeepers, we could potentially boost the bee
population. The decline in beekeepers can be attributed to the inherent instability ofprofessions directly connected to nature, similar to agriculture, and the relatively lower
visibility compared to other industries.

To tackle this problem, I focused on urban beekeeping initiatives in schools. I believe thatproviding opportunities for students to engage with beekeeping and bees through urban
beekeeping in schools could reduce fear towards bees and increase awareness about the
profession of beekeeping. Additionally, activities such as tasting honey produced throughbeekeeping could offer a sense of achievement in producing one’s own food and impartknowledge about the challenges of food production.

Therefore, my proposal involves incorporating beekeeping classes using urban beekeeping aspart of school education. I believe that this approach could increase the number of beekeepers

and help halt the decline in bees. Future tasks include considering concrete methods toimplement these ideas.

References

Jammin Co., Ltd. (n.d.). Bees connect cities, people, and nature: Building a prosperous
society through urban beekeeping—National Urban Beekeeping Network Bee Project.
Retrieved from https://jammin.co.jp/charity_list/201123-mitsubachi/

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. (n.d.). Retrieved fromhttps://www.maff.go.jp/j/tokei/

Using drones for artificial pollination: The ace up the sleeve was soap bubbles! (2020,
August 25). Agri Mynavi. https://agri.mynavi.jp/2020_08_25_129037/#toc-1

Bees buzzing in the skies of Ginza, swallows dancing—beekeeping on building rooftops,
replicating nature. (n.d.). https://www.nippon.com/ja/japan-topics/g01011/

About the Bee Project. (n.d.). Craft Honey. Retrieved from https://crafthoney.thebase.in/about

Yamada Apiary. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.3838.com/

Ginza Bee Project. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://gin-pachi.jp/

What is "multiculturalism"?
〜 To improve Japanese English Skills 〜
ID : 5432

Name : Aya Yoshida

Abstract
What do you imagine when you hear the word, “multiculturalism”? I imagine somesituations where people are open and friendly, where people from different backgrounds
respect each other, and people are spending valuable time in cooperation. These days,
multiculturalism is a popular topic around the world, but is Japan a multicultural society? In
my research, based on the definition by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications,the realization of multiculturalism indicates the realization of living together with foreigners
while recognizing mutual cultures. In modern society, minorities are respected andindividuality is recognized. Japan may fall behind countries such as the U.S., U.K., and China
as such a society progresses. For these reasons, I want to study multiculturalism. I will use
the opinions on the internet, people around me and foreigners(foreign students and tourists).
My idea of multiculturalism is not limited to relationships with foreigners. It indicates
relationships with people of different genders, ages, professions, nationalities, disabilities,
faiths and ways of thinking, and so on. However, I focus on relations with foreigners because
Japan depends on other countries for food imports, and so on, and I believe that relations withforeign countries will be important in the future of Japan. When Japan maintains its current
situation, international organizations predict that Japan's share of world GDP will decline. If
multiculturalism is in progress, new encounters with foreigners will be created. Different
cultures have different ideas, so new ideas will emerge. I hope that this will lead to further
development and innovation in Japan.
Results of previous studies. I searched the situation of multiculturalism in Australia,
Brazil, and Sweden, which are developed countries like Japan. And these countries’
multiculturalism is in more progress than in Japan. I want to refer to these countries’attempts.

1 Introduction
Last year, in my research, I considered the improvement of Japanese English skills.
Compared to other Asian countries such as China and South Korea, Japanese English skills
are significantly inferior. Because of these reasons, there are few foreigners living in Japan,
fewer foreign workers are accepted than in other developed countries, and the Japanese havefewer opportunities to interact with foreigners because of prejudices against foreigners. In
other words, multiculturalism in Japan is not in progress because of these situations.
Therefore, this year, I decided to focus on the realization of multiculturalism in my research.
My idea of multiculturalism is not limited to relationships with foreigners. It indicates
relationships with people of different genders, ages, professions, nationalities, disabilities,
faiths and ways of thinking.

However, I focus on relations with foreigners because Japan depends on othercountries for food imports, and I believe that relations with foreign countries will be
important in the future of Japan. When Japan maintains its current situation, internationalorganizations predict that Japan's share of world GDP will decline to 5.3% in 2020, 3.8% in
2040, and 3.2% in 2060. It means that "if Japan maintains the current situation" must bechanged. If multiculturalism is in progress, new encounters with foreigners will be created.
Different cultures have different ideas, so new ideas will emerge. I hope that this will lead tofurther development and innovation in Japan. Of course, the advancement of multiculturalism
in Japan does not necessarily mean that Japanese English skills will improve. In the firstplace, I do not know what the situation of progressing multiculturalism is spreading. Also,
Japanese people have prejudice against foreigners, and I think it is difficult to solve thisproblem because it will take a lot of time to solve. It is good to focus on some kind of points
in my research.

2 Discussion and implications
I searched the situation of multiculturalism in Australia, Brazil, and Sweden, which
are developed countries like Japan. First, Australia. Many kinds of people live in Australia
because it was a British colony in the 18th and 19th centuries. Also, the government holds
events to promote multiculturalism, so multiculturalism is in more progress than in Japan.
Second, Brazil. Brazil has a vast land area and a variety of climates, so there are many kindsof people such as native Indians, Portuguese who ruled Brazil, Africans who came fromAfrica as slaves, and immigrant Europeans and Asians. As time passed, people became more
and more mixed, and multiculturalism was built. However, Brazil also has many unresolved
problems that need to realize multiculturalism. Third, Sweden. It has accepted immigrants
and refugees from Italy and Greece and secured a young labor force. Multiculturalism is inprogress because of citizens who share common values. In that country, immigrants and theirdescendants occupy 25% to 30% of the population, and multiculturalism is in progress. Thisis because the citizens and non-nationals understand each other. According to a foreign
student, there are people of various races living in Sweden, and there are more opportunities
to interact with them than in Japan.
Here, I will explain about my experience of interaction with foreigners. Last year, myEnglish teacher made some opportunities to interact with students from Taiwan, and I could
talk with them in English. I think it is a great experience for me to communicate with students
in my generation in English. From this experience, I want to incorporate such activities into
schools all over Japan.

3 Conclusion
From this information, I think about how to improve multiculturalism in Japan in the
future. If the colonial period is one of the factors in regions where multiculturalism is inprogress, Japan can’t use them as references. Therefore, it is difficult to incorporate theefforts of Australia and Brazil and to put them into practice in Japan.

This time, I will refer to the efforts of Sweden, a developed country in a similar
situation to Japan, but without colonialism.
However, since it is impossible for me alone to solve immigration and other problems,
I have come up with two proposals that will lead to solutions to this problem. Last year, myteacher created an opportunity for us to communicate with Taiwanese students online. There,
I experienced communicating in English with native English speakers. I thought that theexperience of communicating in English while still a student would lead to a solution to myresearch. First, to create opportunities to interact with foreigners at schools. Second, to use
applications which can communicate with foreigners.
In regards to the future research, I have to think about how to encourage people tointeract in Japan, how to spread the project like I experienced, and how to incorporate efforts
in other countries such as Sweden into countries where multiculturalism is not progressing
such as Japan.

4 References
https://haa.athuman.com/media/japanese/teacher/3006/
日本は多文化共生になってる？！〜留学生から見た日本社会〜
https://www.timeout.jp/tokyo/ja/open-tokyo/multicultural
日本における多文化共生のリアル
https://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai-shimon/kaigi/special/future/sentaku/s3_2_15.html
世界の中の日本経済の位置づけはどのようになっていますか。
https://www.jica.go.jp/hiroba/teacher/case/jhqv8b0000035b9r-att/english_05.pdf
多文化共生の進んだ国ブラジル
https://project.nikkeibp.co.jp/mirakoto/atcl/global/h_vol29/
オーストラリアに垣間見る「多文化主義政策」
日常生活に浸透するダイバーシティと移民への定住支援
https://www.reitaku-u.ac.jp/journal/1776584/
多文化共生について考えてみよう！
多文化共生の取り組みや異文化コミュニケーションについて解説
https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_seisaku/chiho/02gyosei05_03000060.html
総務省 地域の国際化の推進｜多文化共生の推進
https://education.jnto.go.jp/ja/tips-for-online-school-exchange/
オンライン国際交流を成功させるためのヒント
https://kimini.online/blog/archives/33085
日本にいながらオンライン英会話で外国人の友達を作るおすすめの方法！
https://online-study-tour.weblio.jp/internationalexchange/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%
83%9B%E3%81%A7%E7%B0%A1%E5%8D%98%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8
D%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%81%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%
E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8A%E3%81%99/
スマホで簡単にできる！国際交流アプリのおすすめ7選

How to Solve Japan Energy Issues
Energy issues with nuclear power generation
5433 Ryo Watanabe
Abstract
There are lots of issues about the energy industry. I think the biggest one is CO2 emission.
Actually, Japan depends on Thermal power generation for a long year. In addition, we had a
big accident in Fukushima in 2011 so we cannot use most of the nuclear power plants sincethat time. Japan provided 5 percent of total power to people, so Japan found more facilities ofThermal power generation in order to complement energy. As a result, we have a serious
problem with CO2.
Also, there are other problems. For example, the price of electricity, the self-sufficiency
rate,and so on. In this research, I want to consider these issues.

1.Introduction
I started this research a year ago and I continued. It is because I was interested in energy
issues and I wanted to seek this research.
Actually, Japan has many issues so we have to consider these issues. Then I started to thinkof a way to solve these issues. I think we depend on electricity in our daily lives so if we can
not use electricity, we can’t live freely. I think the day when we cannot use electricity will
come because Japan’s energy generation system is unstable. I want Japan’s government toimprove this situation and I want to consider the way of solving these problems.

2.Objectives
There are lots of energy issues in Japan. I think many people don’t mind these issues but I
want you to change your mind because these are more serious issues than you think. First, I
will talk about CO2 emission.
I think you know Japan discharges a lot of CO2 throughout the year but do you know how
much of its emissions? In 2020, Japan will discharge 1.2billion tons of CO2. It was more than
40 percent of all of Japan’s emissions. It was the highest rate so I think reducing emissions ofenergy generation is a very important problem.
Second, Japan’s energy sufficiency is low. The lack of a stable supply of electricity in theevent of an oil crisis, for example, is considered to be a major problem. The number ofthermal power generation facilities is decreasing.

3.Conclusion

Japan has a variety of environmental problems as listed above. The conclusion at the moment
is to utilize the Paris Agreement to solve these problems and achieve an optimal energy mix.
We also propose that nuclear power, which is one of the most difficult to realize, should not
be used, contrary to the Paris Agreement. Instead, we propose to promote the development ofhighly feasible power generation, such as natural power generation and new oscillatory
power generation. Therefore, it would be good if the proportion of thermal power generationin Japan's electricity mix could be relatively lowered.

4.References
energy rate of Japan https://earthene.com/media/156
Japan’s efficient energy system https://www.isep.or.jp/archives/library/14470
comparison with other countries about energy problem https://accel.e-dash.io/article_0122/
energy mix policy Paris achievement
https://www.mitsui.com/solution/contents/solutions/re/61#:~:text=%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8
D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E
3%82%B9%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E3%80%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%B
C%9A,%E4%BE%9B%E7%B5%A6%E3%81%8C%E5%AE%9F%E7%8F%BE%E3%81%
97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82
agency for natural resources and energy
https://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/about/whitepaper/2018html/1-3-1.html
the importance of energy mix and nuclear power
https://www.kepco.co.jp/energy_supply/energy/nuclear_power/necessity/bestmix.html
asahi shinbunn
https://www.asahi.com/sdgs/article/14700151
new system of japan’s generation
https://orbray.com/magazine/archives/2610#:~:text=%E6%8C%AF%E5%8B%95%E7%99%
BA%E9%9B%BB%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0,%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E3%82%92%E5%BE%97%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82
kanazawa univercity
https://vibpower.w3.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/about.html
softbank
https://vibpower.w3.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/about.html