Contents

国総研ニューズレター

N I L I M N e w s L et t e r■ Study on resilient structures for coastal dikes- Support for coastal dike restoration by issuing technical bulletins ■ Publication of “A Guide to the Discharge and Treatment of Wastewater during a Disaster (Draft)”■ Development of Life Cycle Environmental Assessment Methodology for Infrastructures-How to utilize Infrastructures LCA ■ Development of a Method of Evaluation to Ensure Seismic Safety of External Wall with Wet Finishing■ Port and Airport Technology Lecture 2012
The Lecture Meeting to Commemorate the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Establishment ofThe Port and Harbor Research Institute (PHRI) “The Future Roles of the PARI and NILIM”

No.42Autumn 2012
Study on resilient structures for coastal dikes- Support for coastal dike restoration byissuing technical bulletins River Department, Coast Division

To support the restoration of coastal dikes damaged by thetsunamis of the Great East Japan Earthquake, we are studying
resilient structures for coastal dikes.

or pressure on the landward slope and landward slope toe then, toprevent scouring of the landward slope toe, varying the flow directionof the overflowing water so it would not strike the ground by altering
the shape of the foundation work, and on the other hand, to prevent
exposure of the uneven surface struck fully by the fluid body force,proposed a landward slope armor structure made by interlocked
blocks with notches at their top edges and bottom edges. In addition
it points out the importance of considering uplift pressure or negative

The River Department of the National Institute for Land andpressure occurring when the tsunami overflows the dike.
Infrastructure Management is, in cooperation with the Seacoast
Office of the Water and Disaster Management Bureau and with the
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/fcg/labo/02_02.html
Tohoku Regional Development Bureauof the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism, performing modelexperiments of structures permitting theeffectiveness of facilities to remain resilient,even when a coastal dike is destroyed or
overturned when a tsunami higher than thetsunami height hypothesized for the design
overtops the crest of the coastal dike. The
Landward slope
results have been published in 2012 ascovering work
NILIM Technical Bulletins No. 1 and No.
Foundation
3 on May 14 and on August 10 respectively.
work
The Technical Bulletins focused mainly
on scouring of the toe of the landward slope
and on the stability of the landward slope
armor of dikes with trapezoidal sections.
They point out the importance of first
Photo Example of an Experiment Using a Structure with Innovative Measures Taken on its Landward
clarifying the distribution of flow speed
Slope Toe and Landward Slope Armor

Publication of “A Guide to the Discharge
and Treatment of Wastewater during a
Disaster (Draft)”
Water Quality Control Department,
Wastewater and Sludge Management Division

We have announced a guide summarizing concepts of methodsof taking emergency measures to ensure wastewater drainage andtreatment functions which are necessary during a disaster causinglarge-scale damage, and methods of treatment of wastewater during
staged emergency restoration works.
The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011 damaged
sewerage treatment plants at 120 locations, and the tsunami inflicteddisastrous damage so severe it caused the failure of all functions atmany sewerage treatment plants and pumping stations along thecoastlines of the prefectures of Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima inparticular. More large earthquakes such as the Tonankai and Nankai
Earthquakes are predicted, so there is a growing need to prepare for

Example of the use of sandbags to guide sewage to a nearby channel

1disasters that will cause the loss of sewerage discharge and treatment
functions.
Basic concepts for emergency measures and staged emergency
restoration concerning sewerage system functions which must beensured during a disaster have been presented in the Report by theSewerage Treatment System Earthquake / Tsunami Countermeasure
Technology Study Committee established in response to the Great
East Japan Earthquake, and local governments where the earthquake

State of disinfection by solid chlorine at the early emergency
restoration stage

Development of Life Cycle Environmental
Assessment Methodology forInfrastructures-How to utilize Infrastructures LCA Environment Department, Road Environment Division

Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) for infrastructures can now
quantitatively assess emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) byconstruction works. It is possible to realize low carbon provisionof infrastructures by aggressively adopting planning, design, andexecution methods and materials which cause low CO2 emissions.
Infrastructure LCA can be used to calculate the quantity of CO2
emitted by infrastructure provision and other construction work, andcan now be used to add CO2 emission quantities to items studied topropose design and execution.

caused damage have been carrying out staged emergency restoration
based on this report.
The Sewerage and Wastewater Management Department of theMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and theWater Quality Control Department of the National Institute for Landand Infrastructure Management are taking advantage of knowledge
gained responding to the Great East Japan Earthquake by surveying
the impacts on treatment functions of sewerage treatment plants
and on the waters receiving discharged treated wastewater, at theemergency restoration stage in fiscal year 2011 and are studying
methods of appropriately managing sewerage during disasters,in order to clarify concrete measures to ensure sewerage system
functions during disasters. And they have also surveyed and analyzed
cases of emergency measures and emergency restoration of seweragesystems operated by local governments in the disaster region.
Based on knowledge gained from the results of these studies, andconsidering the results of investigations by the Committee to Study
Appropriate Management of Sewerage Treatment at the Restoration
Stage following a Disaster (Committee Chairman: Professor Omura
Tatsuo of Tohoku University), they have prepared “A Guide to theDischarge and Treatment of Wastewater During a Disaster (Draft)”and announced it in September of this year. We anticipate that it will
be applied to prepare for future disasters and to response to disasters.
• Wastewater and Sludge Management Division web site
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/ecg/index.htm

Table 1 shows examples of studies of the design of a certain planeroad (proposal 1: only embanking and cutting, proposal 2: concrete
block masonry, proposal 3: rebar reinforcing in cut sections and terrearmee in embanked sections).
The results of calculations have revealed that in this case, thequantity of CO2 emissions in proposal 1, which uses small amountsof materials such as concrete and steel, is the lowest of the threeproposals. Aggressively adopting design and execution methods
which produce small quantity of CO2 emissions is counted on torealize low carbon infrastructure provision.
A benefit of proposals 2 and 3 on the other hand is that they
narrow each construction area. To study actual design and execution,
it is necessary to reach decisions by comprehensively judging
constructability, safety, economic efficiency, etc. in addition to CO2emissions.
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/dcg/lca/top.htm

Proposal 1

Proposal 2

Proposal 3○ t-CO2△ t-CO2□ t-CO2

Crosssection

CO2

Table 1. Three Proposals for the Design of a Plane Road2

Development of a Method of Evaluation toEnsure Seismic Safety of External Wall with
Wet Finishing
Building Department
Housing Department

Our departments are researching and developing a method ofevaluating the seismic safety of external walls with wet finishingsuch as tiles or mortar, which were extensively damaged byseparation and falling during the Great East Japan Earthquake, andmethods of diagnosing the soundness of external walls with wet
finishing after an earthquake.
Building use external walls are potentially in danger of separationand falling as a result of deterioration over years. Buildings where thedanger of separation has been pointed out already exceed 10% of allbuildings according to a survey by the national government, and it isfeared that there is a danger of the separation and falling of external
walls of more than 10,000 apartment buildings, just in the three giant
metropolitan regions, and it can be stated that there is an urgent needfor technological support and for countermeasures to prevent thesedisasters from happening. Under such circumstances, there havebeen a few reports of damage to main structural parts by the Great

East Japan Earthquake, but there have been many reports of damage
such as the separation and fall of external walls. It has also been
confirmed that tiles, mortar or other external walls with wet finishingin particular, have been damaged by even slight deformation of abuilding under the impact of a medium scale or smaller earthquake.
Concerning finishing materials including external walls with wetfinishing, structural categories are stipulated by Article 39 of theEnforcement Order of the Building Standard Law and by Ministryof Construction Notification No 109 of 1971. But because technicalstandards including attachment methods have still not been enacted,
the state of damage to structural members and the state of damage toexternal walls in the event of a large earthquake have been compared,increasing concern as a new social problem.
This research was a study of tile or mortar and other external wallswith wet finishing inadequately covered by laws and regulations
or technical standards for seismic safety intended to (1) establish
technical standards to prevent separation considering the seismic
safety of external walls with wet finishing and to (2) establish amethod of evaluating the soundness of external walls with wet
finishing after an earthquake. (Research period: 2012 to 2014).

• Surveying and experimentally studying seismic safety
evaluation technologies and methods↓• Confirming the characteristic values of various kinds ofmaterial and work methods needed to evaluate seismic
safety and providing various technological documents
concerning the seismic safety evaluations of exterior
finishing materials

Test to confirm the member level

Building↓
Establishing technical standards and soundness evaluation
methods to prevent falling of exterior finishing materials

New Construction, repairs and renovations
based on technical standards→ preventing damage caused by falling ofexterior finishing materials

Performance testing ofcompact specimen

Performance testing at material level(left: shear, right: tension)

Port and Airport Technology Lecture 2012
The Lecture Meeting to Commemorate theFiftieth Anniversary of the Establishment ofThe Port and Harbor Research Institute (PHRI)“The Future Roles of the PARI and NILIM”
Administrative Coordination Department,
Planning and Coordination Division

The Port and Harbor Research Institute, the predecessor of theNILIM and the PARI, celebrated its fiftieth anniversary this year, andthe PHRI held the Port and Airport Technology Lecture 2012 titled“The Lecture Meeting to Commemorate the Fiftieth Anniversary ofthe Establishment of the Port and Harbor Research Institute (PHRI)”

The Port and Harbor Research Institute , which is the predecessorof the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management(NILIM) and the Port and Airport Research Institute (PARI), wasestablished as an organization of the Ministry of Transport 50 years
ago on April 1. The NILIM ,the PARI and the Port and Airport
Research Institute, Independent Administrative Institution jointly
held the Port and Airport Technology Lecture 2012 which was titled“The Lecture Meeting to Commemorate the Fiftieth Anniversary of
the Establishment of the Port and Harbor Research Institute (PHRI)”
on September 28 in the Annex of the Sabo Kaikan.
At this year’s lecture meeting, in addition to reports on research3

activities to the participants including private companies, associatedcorporations and the like, the usual lectures were given by 3 research
departments of the NILIM and by 7 research departments of the PARI.
They lectured on topics and prospects and on themes concentrated on
issues they will address in the future.
To celebrate the milestone of the fiftieth anniversary, two special
lectures concerned with the past and future of NILIM and PARI weregiven. Former director of the Port and Harbor Research Institute, Mr.
Tsuchida Hajime, gave a talk titled “Looking back at the activities of
the Port and Harbor Research Institute”. Professor Isobe Masahiko ofthe Graduate School of Frontier Sciences of the University of Tokyo
gave a lecture titled “Expectations of the PARI and NILIM”. Thanks
to the special lectures, about 340 people attended the meeting. Thiswas more than in past years.
At the close of the meeting, the participants appreciated theaccumulated research achievements of a half century and thefurther growth and continuing progress of these research institutes.
In addition to that, the participants were hopeful that these research
institutes will work on the study and development of technologies

to apply the lessons learned from disasters (for example, the recent
Great East Japan Earthquake) and to tackle the problems which they
have left for us.

View of the Lectures

Schedule of Principal Events (November-December, 2012)
Scheduled Dates

Event Name

November. 19

Special Conference on Port and Airport Technologies in Kyushu

November. 22

13th Tokyo Bay Symposium

November. 29

Special Conference on Port and Airport Technologies in Chubu

December. 42012 Conference of the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management

TECHNICAL NOTE of National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management(August-October, 2012)
No.

Title of Paper

Names of Divisions

685Survey on Deterioration and Damage of Road Attachment Facilities－ Inspection Manual of Road Attachment Facilities (draft) －Bridge and Structures Division

687

Report of the Evaluation Sub Committee of NILIM in FY 2011
Evaluation Committee of NILIM

Research Administration andEvaluation Division

688

Sediment conditions for restoration of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Miyako Bay

Marine Environment Division

689

Analysis on World Container Ship Movement and Containerized Cargo Flow (2012)

Port Planning Division

690

Computable General Equilibrium Analysis on Economic Effects brought by Productivity Improvement of Air
Transport Industry

Airport Department692Report of the research activities of International Research and Promotion Division in FY 2011.

International Research andPromotion Division■ Visit the following website for documents published by the NILIM:（http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/siryou/index.htm）■ NILIM research activities and achievements are now available on the following website as NILIM Annual Report 2012:（http://www.nilim.go.jp/english/annual/annual2012/ar2012e.html）

National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

No.42Autumn 2012

Asahi 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0804, Japan(Tachihara) Tachihara 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0802, Japan(Yokosuka) Nagase 3-1-1, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 239-0826, Japan
TEL:+81-29-864-2754 FAX:+81-29-864-4322
Edited and Published by
http://www.nilim.go.jp/english/eindex.htm
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management

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