5. Environmental Regulations andStandards

5. Environmental Regulations and Standards

5.1. Environmental Standards Related to the Plant
5.1.1. Emission and Atmospheric Limitation(1) Cambodian Standards
On 10 July 2000, the draft sub-decree on air pollution and noise control was
signed by the Prime Minister and entered into force. The sub-decree (a) sets
limits on emissions of air polluting substances and noise from stationary and mobiles sources, (b) sets standards for pollutant and noise levels in ambient air and(c) sets standards for polluting substances in fuels.
Selected emission limits that are presented without reference to allowable quantities of excess oxygen (that in World Bank guidelines are 15 % for gas turbines)
and pressure/temperature conditions for volume, are the following:
Parameter
NOx
SOx
SO2
SO3
H2SO4
Dust (SiO2)
VOC
COAllowable Emission
1000 mg/m3
By separate substance
500 mg/m3
35 mg/m3
35 mg/m3
100 mg/m3
By separate substance1000 mg/m3

Selected ambient air quality standards are the following:

Parameter
NO2
SO2
TSP
CO
Ozone
VOC (one by one)

1-hr average
mg/m3
0.3
0.5
40
0.2

8-hr average
mg/m3
20
-

5-1

24-hr average
mg/m3
0.1
0.3
0.33
-

1-yr average
mg/m3
0.1
0.1
-

The standard for maximum allowable concentration of sulfur in diesel oil is 0.2
percent. However, according to advice from the Director of the Air Pollution
Control Department of the Ministry of Environment, this standard can be relaxed
if emissions can be controlled to the levels specified above.
(2) Other International Standards of Possible Interest
The World Bank’s position on emission guidelines for new thermal power plantsof 50 MWe or larger is stated as follows in the “Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants” beginning on page
416:
“Emission levels for the design and operation of each project must be established through the EA process on the basis of country legislation and the
Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, as applied to local conditions. The emission levels selected must be justified in the EA and acceptable to the World Bank Group.…
“In general, for low-sulfur (less than 1 % S), high-calorific-value fuels,
specific controls may not be required….
“The maximum emissions levels given here can be consistently achieved bywell-designed, well-operated, and well-maintained pollutions control systems…The maximum emissions levels are expressed as concentrations to facilitate monitoring. Dilution of air emissions to achieve these guidelines is
unacceptable. Compliance with ambient air quality guidelines should be assessed on the basis of good engineering practice (GEP) recommendations…Plants should not use stack heights less than the GEP recommended
values unless air quality impact analysis has taken into account building
downwash effects…Normally GEP stack height = H + 1.5L, where H is theheight of nearby structures and L is the lesser dimension of either height orprojected width of nearby structures….
“The guidelines presented in…[the following table] are to be used only forcarrying out an environmental assessment in the absence of local ambient
standards. They were constructed as consensus values taking particular ac-

5-2

count of WHO, USEPA, and EU standards and guidelines. They do not in
any way substitute for a country’s own ambient air quality standards.
Particulate matter (PM). “For all plants or units, PM emissions (all sizes)
should not exceed 50 mg/Nm3. The EA should pay specific attention to particulates smaller than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) in the airshed,since these are inhaled into the lungs and are associated with the most serious effects on human health. Where possible, ambient levels of fine particulates (less than 2.5 µm in diameter) should be measured.”
Sulfur dioxide. “Total sulfur dioxide emissions form the power plant or unit
should be less than 0.20 metric tons per day (tpd) per MWe of capacity forthe first 500 MWe, plus 0.10 tpd for each additional MWe of capacity over
500 MWe. In addition, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in flue gases
should not exceed 2,000 mg/Nm3…(For oil, flue gas dry 3 % excess oxygen– assumes 270 Nm3/GJ. The oxygen level in engine exhausts and combustion turbines is assumed to be 15 % dry.), with a maximum emissions levelof 500 tpd.”
Nitrogen oxides.

“The specific emissions limits for nitrogen oxides

are…460 mg/Nm3…[or 130 nanograms per joule (ng/J), or 225 parts per
million parts (ppm)] for an oil-fired plant….For combustion turbine units,
the maximum NOx emissions levels are 125 mg/Nm3 (dry at 15 % oxygen)for gas, 165 mg/Nm3 (dry at 15 % oxygen) for diesel (No. 2 oil); and 300
mg/Nm3 (dry at 15 % oxygen) for fuel oil (No. 6 and others)…Where there
are technical difficulties, such as scarcity of water available for water injection, an emissions variance allowing a maximum emissions level of up to
400 mg/Nm3 dry (at 15 % oxygen) is considered acceptable, provided there
are no significant environmental concerns associated with ambient levels ofozone or nitrogen dioxide.”
Monitoring and reporting. “Maintaining the combustion temperature andthe excess oxygen level within the optimal band is which particulate matterand NOx emissions are minimized simultaneously ensures the greatest energy efficiency and the most economic plant operation. Monitoring should
therefore aim at achieving this optimal performance as consistently as possi-

5-3ble. Systems of continuous monitoring of particulate matter, sulfur oxides,
and nitrogen oxides in the stack exhaust can be installed and are desirable
whenever their maintenance and calibration can be ensured. Alternatively,
surrogate performance monitoring should be performed on the basis of initial
calibration…” and supported direct measurements to validate surrogate
monitoring results. Automatic air quality monitoring systems measuring
PM10, SOx and NOx should be installed outside the plant boundary where
maximum ambient concentrations are expected or where there are sensitive
receptors.
As part of the Framework Convention Climate Change, countries should estimate their emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) on the basis of chemicalcomposition of the fuel (or by direct measurement)
There are special limitations (including offset requirements) for plants in degraded airsheds, plants larger than 500 MW and areas where long-range transport ofacid pollutants is concern. These limitations do not appear to be applicable to the
proposed project.
In the General Environmental Guidelines chapter of the Pollution Prevention and
Abatement Handbook, the World Bank states that “to ensure that ambient air
conditions are not compromised, concentrations of contaminants, measured immediately outside the project property boundary [for projects in general] should
not exceed the limits shown in the following table:
Concentration (µg/m3)

PollutantParticulate matter
Annual arithmetic mean

50

Maximum 24-hour average

70

Nitrogen oxides
Maximum 24-hour average

150

Sulfur oxides
Annual arithmetic mean

50

Maximum 24-hour average

125

5-4

More specific standards for ambient ground-level concentrations of pollutants associated with power plant projects (e.g., particulates, SOx, NOx, and ozone) arenot established by World Bank. Instead, the Bank cites reference values of otherorganizations such as WHO, European Union and USEPA; and recommends that“trigger values” (i.e., threshold level concentrations) be agreed on by the country
and the World Bank prior to the carrying out of the environmental assessment. A
trigger value should be lower than the county’s ambient standard and should not
be exceeded as a result of the project. If it is predicted to be exceeded as a resultof project implementation, then mitigation alternatives must be sought on a regional or sectoral basis (e.g., through tradeoffs). Initial expectations are that trigger values for ambient air quality will not be a problem for the proposed project
because of its clean fuel, small size and expected good design as well as the scarcity of other major air pollution sources in the region.
5.1.2. Liquid Effluent Limitation(1) Cambodia Standards
Cambodian general standards for liquid effluent discharges and for ambient conditions are set forth in an April 6, 1999 Sub-Decree on Water Pollution Control.
Special standards for protected areas are promised in a subsequent guideline to be
produced by the Ministry of Environment.
The Sub-Decree prohibits the discharge of untreated sewage, solid waste, garbage or hazardous substances into public waters or drainage systems.
The Sub-Decree lists industries for which permits are required for the discharge
or transport of wastewater and power plants are included on that list. However, itappears from Article 12 that new sources that have an approved EIA report are
exempt from the permitting process.
The Sub-Decree lists hazardous substances. Oil and petroleum are included on
the list in two ways; (i) as persistent mineral oil and hydrocarbons of petroleum
origin and (ii) as non-persistent mineral oils and hydrocarbons of petroleum origin.

5-5Discharge limits for selected substances that are applicable to the proposed project are summarized in the following table:

Parameters
Temperature

Units
°C

PH

Allowable Limits for Pollutant
Substance Discharging toProtected Public Public Water Area
Water Area
And Sewer
< 45

< 45

6-9

5-9

BOD5

mg/l

< 30

< 80

COD

mg/l

< 50

< 100

Total Suspended Solids

mg/l

< 50

< 80

Total Dissolved Solids

mg/l< 1000< 2000Grease and Oil

mg/l

< 5.0

< 15

Detergents

mg/l

< 5.0

< 15

Nitrate

mg/l

< 10

< 20

Chlorine (free)

mg/l

< 1.0

< 2.0

Chloride (ion)

mg/l

< 500

< 700

Sulfate (as SO4)

mg/l

< 300

< 500

Phosphate (PO4)

mg/l

< 3.0

< 6.0

Iron (Fe)

mg/l

< 1.0

< 20

Chromium (Cr+3)

mg/l

< 0.2

< 1.0

Chromium (Cr+6)

mg/l< 0.05< 0.5

Copper (Cu)

mg/l

< 0.2

< 1.0

Lead (Pb)

mg/l

< 0.1

< 1.0

Nickel (Ni)

mg/l

< 0.2

< 1.0

Zinc (Zn)

mg/l

< 1.0

< 3.0

Ammonia (NH3)

mg/l

< 5.0

< 7.0

Dissolved oxygen (DO)

mg/l

> 2.0

>1.0

Ambient water quality standards for public water areas and for bio-diversity conservation that are relevant for the proposed project are presented in the following
tables:a) River5-6

Parameters

Units

PH

Standard Value
6.5 – 8.5

BOD5

mg/l

1 – 10

Suspended Solids

mg/l

25 – 100

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)mg/l

2.0 – 7.5

MPN/100 ml

<5000

Units

Standard Value

Coliform bacteriab) Lakes and Reservoirs
ParametersPHc)

6.5 – 8.5

COD

mg/l

1–8

Suspended Solids

mg/l

1 – 15

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)mg/l

2.0 – 7.5

Coliform bacteria

MPN/100 ml<1000

Total Nitrogen

mg/l

0.1 – 0.6

Total Phosphorus

mg/l

0.005 – 0.05

Units

Standard Value

Coastal Water
Parameters
PH

7.0 – 8.3

COD

mg/l

2–8

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)mg/l

2.0 – 7.5

MPN/100 ml<5000

Oil content

mg/l

0

Total Nitrogen

mg/l

0.2 – 1.0

Total Phosphorus

mg/l

0.02 – 0.09

Coliform bacteria

Selected water quality standards in public water areas for public health protection
include the following substances, which could be relevant for the project:Parameters
Lead+6

Chromium (Cr )UnitsStandard Value

µg/l

< 10

µg/l

< 50

(2) Other International Standards of Possible Interest

5-7

The World Bank’s effluent limitations for power plants are set forth on page 419
of the aforementioned Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook as follows:
Parameters

Units

Standard Value

PH

6–9

TSS

mg/l

50

Oil and grease

mg/l

10

Total residual chlorine

mg/l

0.2

Chromium (total)

mg/l

0.5

Copper

mg/l

0.5

Iron

mg/l

1.0

Zinc

mg/l

1.0

Temperature increase°C≤3“Chlorine shocking may be preferable [to continuous chlorination] in certain circumstances. This involves using high chlorine levels for a few seconds rather
than a continuous low-level release. The maximum value is 2 mg/l for up to 2
hours, not to be repeated more frequently than once in 24 hours, with a 24-hour
average of 0.2 mg/l. (The same limits apply to bromine and flourine.)“The effluent temperature should result in a temperature increase of no more than
3°C at the edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution take place. Where
the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge when there
are no sensitive aquatic ecosystems within this distance.
“The pH and temperature of the wastewater discharges should be monitored continuously. Levels of suspended solids, oil and grease, and residual chlorine
should be measured daily, and heavy metals and other pollutants in wastewater
discharges should be measured monthly if treatment is provided.”

5-8

5.1.3. Solid Waste Disposal Limitation(1) Cambodia Standards
Cambodian general guidelines on solid waste management are set forth in an
April 27, 1999 Sub-Decree on Solid Waste Management. The sub decree specifies that:- Hazardous waste materials include "oil waste from oil refinery, used of lubrication oils, washing oils", "acid waste", "alkali waste", "combustion residues
from coal-fired power plants" and "soot and dust waste from incineration facilities, treating exhaust gas".
- Hazardous wastes shall be stored, transported and disposed of separately formhousehold wastes.
- The owner of the hazardous wastes shall be responsible for (i) temporary storage in proper technique and safe manner; (ii) submitting quarterly reports of
the waste under storage; (iii) cooperating with authorities to monitor thewaste; and (iv) paying the analytical costs of the monitoring.
- Guidelines on the management of hazardous waste (and other solid wastes)
shall be established by the Ministry of Environment. However, such guidelines are not included in the sub-decree and apparently do not yet exist.
(2) Other International Standards of Possible Interest
The World Bank’s position on solid wastes from power plants is set forth on page419 of the aforementioned Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook as
follows:“Solid wastes, including ash and FGD sludges that do not leach toxic substances or other contaminants of concern to the environment may be disposed in landfills or other disposal sites provided that they do not impact
nearby water bodies. Where toxics or other contaminants are expected toleach out, they should be treated by, for example, stabilization before disposal.”

5-95.1.4. Noise Limitation(1) Cambodia Standards
Cambodian noise standards are included in the draft sub-decree on air pollution
and noise that was describe above in Section 5.1.1.
The sub-decree does not propose standards for stationary sources.
For limits on vehicles, all permissible levels are between 80 and 91 decibels(dB(A)). Cars for less than 12 passengers are 80 decibels. Cars for more than 12
passengers are 85 decibels. Motorcycles are between 85 and 90 decibels. All
trucks are between 85 and 91 decibels.
Ambient noise levels are proposed for daytime, evening and nighttime as follows:
Period of Time
06:00-18:00 18:00-22:00 22:00-06:00

Area
Quiet areas- Hospitals- Libraries- School- Kindergarten
Residential areas- Hotels- Administrative Offices- Houses

45

40

35

60

50

45

Commercial / service areas

70

65

50

Small industrial factories
Intermingling in residential Areas

75

70

50

Noise control standards for workshops, factories and industries are proposed asfollows for noise levels and time intervals:

5 - 10Noise Level (dB(A))

Maximum Period of Time
(Hours)

75

32

80

16

85

8

90

4

95

2

100

1

105

0.5

110

0.25

115

0.125

Level for Protective
Equipment

In areas with levels
above 80 (dB(A))(2) Other International Standards of Possible Interest
The World Bank’s position of noise control for power plants is set forth on page419 of the aforementioned Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook as
follows:“Noise abatement measures should achieve either the levels given below or a
maximum increase in background levels of 3 decibels (measured on the A
scale) [dB(A)]. Measurements are to be taken at noise receptors located outside the projected property boundary.
Maximum allowable log equivalent (hourly
measurements, in dB(A)
Day
Night
07:00 – 22:00
22:00 – 07:00

Receptor
Residential, institutional,
educational

55

45

Industrial, commercial

70

70

5 - 11

5.2. Environmental Standards Applied to the Plant(1) Emission and Atmospheric Limitation
The following Cambodian standards will be applied to the Plant.
Parameter

Allowable Emission

NOx

1000 mg/m3*

Sox

By separate substance*

SO2

500 mg/m3*

SO3

35 mg/m3*

H2SO4

35 mg/m3*Comparisons
IBRD = 125 mg/Nm3 for gas fuel, 165
mg/Nm3 for diesel oil dry at 15% oxygen
IBRD = 2,000 mg / Nm3 & 0.20 tpd /MWeDust (SiO2) 100 mg/m3*

IBRD total PM = 50 mg/Nm3

VOC

By separate substance*CO1000 mg/m3** Dry at 15 % oxygen, 1.013 bar and 0 °C will be used although it is not specified
For ambient air quality the following Cambodian standards will also be applied,with IBRD guideline values compared below in brackets:

NO2

1-hr average
mg/m3
0.3

SO2

0.5

-

0.3

0.1

TSP

-

-

0.33

0.1

CO

40

20

-

-

Ozone

0.2

-

-

-

Parameter

8-hr average 24-hr average 1-yr average
mg/m3
mg/m3
mg/m3
0.1
-

VOC (one by one)
Comparison using IBRD guideline values
NOx

-

-

[0.150]

-

SOx

-

-

[0.125][0.050]TSP--[0.070][0.050]5 - 12

Stack height minimum requirements to be applied, unless air quality simulations
demonstrate that plume downwash effects can be avoided with shorter stacks, areWorld Bank’s good engineering practice (GEP) for minimum stack height. GEP
stack height = H + 1.5 L where H is the height of nearby structures and L is thelesser dimension of either height or projected width of nearby structures. For thepresent project description, H = 15 m, L = 15 m and GEP stack height would be
37.5 m.
(2) Liquid Effluent Limitation
The following Cambodian standards will be applied to the Plant.

Parameters

Units
°C

Temperature

Allowable Limits
Public Water Area and Sewer
Comparisons< 45
IBRD = change ≤ 3

PH

5-9

IBRD = 6-9

BOD5

mg/l

< 80

-

COD

mg/l

< 100

-

Total Suspended Solids

mg/l

< 80

IBRD = 50

Total Dissolved Solids

mg/l< 2000-Grease and Oil

mg/l< 15.0IBRD = 10

Detergentsmg/l< 15.0-

Nitrate

mg/l

< 20

-

Chlorine (free)

mg/l

< 2.0

IBRD = 0.2

Chloride (ion)

mg/l

< 700

-

Sulfate (as SO4)

mg/l

< 500

-

Phosphate (PO4)

mg/l

< 6.0

-

Iron (Fe)IBRD = 1

mg/l< 20.0+3

Chromium (Cr )

mg/l

< 1.0

+6

Chromium (Cr )

mg/l

< 0.5

Copper (Cu)

mg/l

< 1.0

IBRD = 0.5

Lead (Pb)

mg/l

< 1.0

-

Nickel (Ni)

mg/l

< 1.0

-

Zinc (Zn)

mg/l

< 3.0

IBRD = 1.0

Ammonia (NH3)

mg/l

< 7.0

-

Dissolved oxygen (DO)

mg/l

> 1.0

-

5 - 13

IBRD = 0.5 total

Discharge to waste water to Prey Treng Pond should be avoided. Ambient water
quality standards to be applied to coastal receiving waters are the following:
Coastal Water
Parameters and Units

Standard

Comparisons

7.0 – 8.3

-

2–8

-

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (mg/l)

2.0 – 7.5-

Coliform bacteria (MPN/100 ml)

<5000

-

0

-

Total Nitrogen (mg/l)

0.2 – 1.0-

Total Phosphorus (mg/l)

0.02 – 0.09-

PH
COD (mg/l)

Oil content (mg/l)

The size of the mixing zone for the thermal plume of the cooling water should
follow the recommendation of IBRD, so that the area of 3 ° C temperature rise
should not extend more than 100 m from the point of discharge of the cooling water.
Chlorination of the cooling water should proceed as intermittent shocking rather
than continuous chlorination, unless shocking is demonstrated to be inadequate for
the Sihanoukville marine environment. With shocking, chlorine concentrations of
up to 2 mg/l are allowable for up to 2 hrs/day, with a maximum allowable 24-hour
average concentration of 0.2 mg/l. With continuous chlorination, the chlorine isapplied continuously at the concentration of 0.2 mg/l.
(3) Solid Waste Disposal Limitation
Cambodian guidelines for solid waste disposal remain to be developed. In the absence of these guidelines the following general approaches should be applied to theproject.
Efforts should be made to reduce the volume of solid waste requiring disposal bysorting, salvaging and selling potential waste materials as much as possible. Examples of such materials are wood removed from the site by clearing and grubbing,scrap metal, wooden form work, cement bags, and tires.

5 - 14

Further efforts should be made to reduce the volume of solid wastes by incinerating as much non-salvageable material as possible.
Solid waste that cannot be salvaged or incinerated should be sorted on the basis ofphysical and chemical stability and risk of generating toxic leachates after disposal.
Stable material should be landfilled without treatment. Materials likely to generate
toxic leachates (for example, unused cement additives or spend resin cartridges)
should be separated on the basis of treatment requirement and chemically stabilized before disposal in a landfill, to reduce the risk of leaching.
(4) Noise Limitation
Cambodian standards for noise limitation do not address noise emissions from stationary sources. Standards for ambient noise levels are very similar to World Bank
guidelines, and are applied to the project as follows:
At site boundaries and in adjacent areas that are dedicated to commercial and industrial uses, project- induced sound levels should not exceed 70 dB(A) at any
time of the day.
At the house that is nearest to the site boundary, project-induced sound levels
should not exceed 50 dB(A) between 22:00 and 6:00, 70 dB(A) between 18:00 and
22:00 and 75 dB(A) between 06:00 and 18:00.
There are no quiet areas such as hospitals, schools or libraries near the project site.

5.3. Environmental Guidelines Applied to EIA Preparation
The legal framework and specific mandates for carrying out environmental impact assessment studies and reports in Cambodia are specified in the Ministry of Environment’s August 11, 1999 Sub-Decree on Environmental Impact Assessment Process.
The following provisions of the sub-decree should be addressed in the EIA and mitigation and monitoring plans:- The sub-decree has three objectives. (Article 1)
5 - 15

One of these is “to encourage public participation in the environmental assessment
process in recognition that their [the public’s] concerns should be considered in the
project decision making process.” The other objectives involve defining the projects
to which EIA applies and determining that EIAs are approved by MoE before projects are submitted to the Royal Government for decision.
- The sub-decree requires an EIA for power plants of 5 MW or larger. (Annex)- The project owner is required to prepare an Initial Environmental Impact Assessment (IEIA) and submit an Environmetnal Application, with the pre-feasibility study
and IEIA, to MoE. (Articles 6 and 7)
A copy is to be provided to the Investment Approval Institution. (Article 14)- For projects with serious impact, the owner is required to prepare an Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) and submit an Environmental Application, with the feasibility study and EIA, to MoE at the same time that the investment application is
submitted to the Investment Approval Institution. (Articles 8, 9 and 16)- MoE has responsibility to “evaluate and review the environmental impact assessment reports in collaboration with other government ministries and agencies concerned” and to take action to ensure that the Environmental Management Plan is implemented during project construction, operation and closure. (Article 3)- The project will be implemented by the project owner only after the receipt of the
IEIA or a full-scale EIA report approved by MoE. (Article 20).
- The Approval Institution shall give instructions to the project owner for the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan. (Article 27)- MoE shall cooperate with relevant agencies to stop the activity of those projects
which fail to implement the Environmental Management Plan contained in the approved EIA report. (Article 28)- Guidelines for IEIA and EIA will be developed by MoE. (Article 10)

5 - 16

- The project owner is required to submit a fee for reviewing EIA reports and monitoring project implementation. The amount of the fee is specified by the Ministry of
Economy and Finance according to the proposal of the MoE. (Article 11)- The project owner is required to make a contribution to the Environmental Endowment Fund. (Article 12)
Flow diagrams of the EIA approval process for existing and proposed projects havebeen prepared by the Director of the EIA Department. The diagrams for proposed
projects are presented in Figures 4.3-1 through 4.3-3. A copy of the Environmental
Examination Application that must be submitted along with the EIA is presented in
Figure 4.3-4.
A draft guideline for the table of contents of an EIA (Table 5.3-1) report has been prepared by the EIA Department, but remains to be approved.
Guidelines for payment of fees for reviewing EIA reports, monitoring project implementation and contributing to the Environmental Endowment Fund remain to be developed.

5 - 17

Table 5.3-1

Annotated Table of Contents for EIA Reports(as specified by the Ministry of Environment draft guideline that was available in June 2001)

1.

Executive Summary [called “Project Summary” in Cambodia guideline]
The project’s owner should describe in short form with identification of project’s goals
and main objectives, methodologies and key measures for reduction of environmental
impacts in the EIA Report.

2.

Introduction- Type, size and location of the project- Background of the project’s location- Within the framework of national and international laws and legislation standards

3.

Purpose of the Project
Project’s owner should clearly explain about purpose of the project for present and future.

4.

Project Description.
- Briefing alternatives: size, location, time frame (stages of project construction, project
operation, and project abandon or closure) and sources of labor forces.
- The production process: sources and quantity of raw materials to be used and finishedproducts.
- Machinery requirement to run the project.
- Methodologies wastes disposals in order to determine any environmental impacts.
- Descriptions about the quantity and quality of solid and liquid waste to be disposedand discharged, sources of noise and vibration resulting from the process of this project (construction, operation) and the emission of particles into the atmosphere.
- Project planning5.

Description of the Environment
This part should be described all environmental resources needed such as:
Table 5.3-1

Annotated Table of Contents for EIA Reports (continued)

5 - 18

5.1

Physical Resources- Air (speed, quality, regime, climate, meteorology)- Water (groundwater, surface water, water quality, water quantity, currents).
- Land (soil quality, relief, geology)

5.2

Ecological Resources- Biodiversity- Fauna- Flora- Forests, etc.

5.3

Socio-Economic Resources- Population and settlements- Infrastructure- Land use- Public health and welfare- Economic conditions [livelihood, profession and community]- Custom, tradition and other group ethnic, etc.

6.

Public Participation
All opinion given by the public in EIA process should be addressed for all of which canbe contributed to the decision making process. Public participation includes:- Local authorities and institutions involved- Opinion of the public towards the development project- Consultation- Company interpretation

7.

Evaluation of Environmental Impact
All significant environmental impacts resulting from the project should be described inthis part which include:
Table 5.3-1

Annotated Table of Contents for EIA Reports (continued)

5 - 19

7.1

Methodologies to identify the scope of the Environmental Impacts (by using thematrix table)

7.2

Construction Stage Impacts- Physical- Biological- Socio-Economic

7.3

Operation Stage Impacts- Physical- Biological- Socio-Economic

7.4

Impacts of Decommissioning- Physical- Biological- Socio-Economic

7.5
8.

Extent and Type of Significant and Cumulative Environmental Impacts

Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures
Of the all environmental impacts stated above should be assessed by the project’s ownerin order to define a specific environmental impact mitigation measures.
- Construction Stage- Operation Stage

9.

Economic Analysis and the Environmental Value

10. Environmental Management Plan
The environmental management plan is an important program implemented by the project’s owner and other institutions involved. These plans include:
Table 5.3-1

Annotated Table of Contents for EIA Reports (continued)

5 - 2010.1 Mitigation Program- Construction stage- Operation stage- Decommissioning
10.2 Monitoring Program- Construction stage- Operation stage- Decommissioning
10.3 Training Program
11. Institutional Capacity
In this part, the project’s owner should demonstrate that he has the institutional capacity
to carry out the work associated with the execution of the EIA, and the implementationof the mitigation measures such as:- Organization structure- Budget / Schedule- Staff skills- Methodological tools and equipment
12. Conclusions and Recommendations
In this part, the project’s owner has to include over the assessment of environmental impacts both positive and negative aspects with full accountability and responsibility in theprocess of reporting the EIA as well as addressing some possible suggestions implicatedin the project.
13. References

5 - 21

5 - 22

IEIA Report
Consents

EIA Report
Required

IEIA Reportneeds
Revision

PO Revises
IEIA Report or
Prepare EIA Report

Fig.5.3-1

EIA Reportneeds
Revision

IEIA or EIA
ReportConsent

IA need
Revision
PO Revises
IA & EIA
Report

CDC
Royal
Governmentor CDCApproval

PO
Implements
Project& EMP

Prepared by : Dr. Tea Chup, Director EIA Department, Ministry of Environment

EMP : Environmental Management Plan
IEIA : Initial Environmental Impact Assessment
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
EEA : Environmental Examination Application

MoE Reviews
Revised
IEIA or EIA
ReportPO Submits to IA
CDC & Submits
Revised IEIA or
EIA Report to MoE

CDC

IAConsents

30 days

EIA Process for Proposed Project Approved by Royal Government or CDC

PO : Project's Owner
CDC : Cambodia Development Council
MoE : Ministry of Environment
IA : Investment Application

Note :

MoE
Reviews
IEIA Report

PO Submits
EEA & IEIA
Reportto MoE30 days5 - 23

IEIA Report
Consents

EIA Report
RequiredFig.5.3-2

MoE Reviews
Revised
IEIA or EIA
ReportPO Submits
Revised IEIA or
EIA Report to MoE

PO Revises
EIA
ReportPO
Approval

PO
Implements
Project& EMP

Prepared by : Dr. Tea Chup, Director EIA Department, Ministry of Environment

EIA Reportneeds
Revision

IEIA or EIA
ReportConsent

30 days

EIA Process for Proposed Project Approved by Project's Owner as Ministry and Institution

PO : Project's Owner
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
IEIA : Initial Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP : Environmental Management Plan
EEA : Environmental Examination Application
MoE : Ministry of Environment

Note :

MoE
Reviews
IEIA Report

PO Revises
IEIA Report or
Prepare EIA Report

IEIA Reportneeds
Revision

PO Submits
EEA & IEIA Reportto MoE30 days5 - 24

IEIA Report
Consents

EIA Report
RequiredFig.5.3-3

PUED Revises
Revised IEIA or
EIA
ReportPO Submits
Revised IEIA or
EIA Report to
PUED
PO Revises
EIA
ReportPUAApproval

PO
Implements
Project& EMP

Prepared by : Dr. Tea Chup, Director EIA Department, Ministry of Environment

EIA Reportneeds
Revision

IEIA or EIA
ReportConsents

30 days

EIA Process for Proposed Project Approved by Provincial-Urban Authorities

PO :Project's Owner
EEA : Environmental Examination Application
IEIA : Initial Environmental Impact Assessment
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP : Environmental Management Plan
PUA : Provincial Urban Authorities
PUED : Provincial Urban Environmental Department

Note :

PUED
Reviews
IEIA Report

PO Revises
IEIA Report or
Prepare EIA Report

IEIA Reportneeds
Revision

PO Submits
EEA & IEIA Report
to PUED30 days