2016/4/11

SPACE LAW AND POLICYWITH SIMULATED NEGOTIATIONS[1]OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE＋ HOW TO RESEARCH

11 APRIL 2016
YURI TAKAYA (PH.D)
LECTURER, KOBE UNIVERSITYLECTURER: YURI TAKAYA
Academic Background
Waseda University, Japan (B.A.)

Job Experience
1997
1998

Leiden University, The Netherlands
Institute of Air and Space Law (LL.M.)

2000

Internship at UN Office for Outer Space Affairs

2001
2002

Shimiz Corp. Space Systems Division(Press/Research)

ISAS (Present JAXA) （Temporal Staff)

Summer Session of Int’l Space University

2002

Paris XI University, FranceInstitute for Telecomand Space Law (Ph.D)

2003

Research forCSP Japan (Space Consulting Corp.)

2011

Kobe University,Lecturer & Research Fellow

George Washington University, US
National Defense University, South Korea

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SPACE NEWS
Videos related to International Space Station
Japan’s Kounotori (2015/8)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAWo0HjUyOc

April 8US Private Company Space-X
Falcon 9 succeeded its landing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPGUQySBikQ

GOAL 1”To ｌearn how to learn by yourself“◆Research

Identify exact source of information when you face a new topic◆Analysis

Keep a good balance in interpreting the information for your theme◆Theory Structure

Pick up appropriate materials and place them in good order◆Presentation

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GOAL 2”To learn how to negotiate in English“◆Pronunciation

Use English heard/understood in international venue/conference◆SpeedAdjust your speed of speaking English to non-English speakers◆Expression

Clarity◆Perspective

Identify how to be understood by the others

TIME SCHEDULE《15：10～16：40》
15：10 ～ 15：20 This week’s space news
15：20 ～ 16：00 Lecture （40 min）
16：00 ～ 16：20 Group discussion
16：20 ～ 16：40 Group presentation

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OTHERS◆You can use your laptop during this lecture.
◆ Please submit the sheet of attendance with question or comments.
◆HP： spacelawnotebook.com「Courses」
Q&S： Question and Comments are welcome. Answer would be on the website.
If you do not want to upload your Q or C, please put it on the sheet.
Materials： If password is required, put 「spacelaw」.
◆JAXA Sponsorship for IAC/IISL Participation (Deadline: April 27)

EVOLUTION OF SPACE LAW

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1．INTRODUCTION① WHAT ARE SPACE ACTIVITIES?
3 Categories
Civil Uses(example: Apollo, Hayabusa)

Commercial Uses

(example: space tourism)

Military Uses

(example: information gathering )© JAXANature of Space Technology“Dual Use” which is usable forcivil and military purposes© NASA ESA

1. INTRODUCTION② THE RIGHTS UNDER THE OUTER SPACE TREATY OF 1967
◆Free Use of Outer Space(example) The use of satellites for: earth observation
astronomy
telecommunication
navigation◆Free Exploration of Outer Space(example) US Apollo Projects
Japan Hayabusa
US/EU Mars Exploration◆Free Access to Outer Space(example) Launching activities(manned/unmanned)©JAXA2016/4/11

2. INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW?
① BACKGROUND: EVOLUTION OF AIR LAW

1902 International Law Association in Brussel
The need to regulate Balloon Flight was recognized1903 Wright brothers succeeded a flight of powered aircraft
1909 Loise Blériot succeeded to cross the English Channel
1910 International Air Navigation Conference was held in Paris (18 states)→Legal relations between air space and outer space was not agreed
1919 The Paris Convention was concluded  Air sovereignty was recognized.

2．INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW② BACKGROUND: THE BIRTH OF V2 MISSILE◆During IIWW, Germany developed and used V2 missiles (rockets)
 Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs)
 more than 1300 ICMBs attacked London◆Technology Transfer after IIWW: to US and USSR Cold War started with an arms race in outer space◆Space Competition by Super-Powers
1957-1958 International Geographical Year
1957 Soviet Union succeeded to launch the first satellite, “SPUTNIK-1”
1958 Ad hoc Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was established in UN
1961 Soviet Union succeed to send a man (Yuri Gagarin) by Vostok-1⇒Legal order became necessary in outer space

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2．INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW③ ESTABLISHMENT OF UNCOPUOS◆1959 UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was established (× ad hoc)
◆ScheduleFeb. Scientific and Technological Sub-Committee
April Legal Sub-Committee
June UNCOPUOS
Oct./Nov. Submit the UNCOPUOS report to the 4th Committee of UN General Assembly
UNGA Res. “International cooperation in peaceful uses of outer space”◆77 member states + 30 international organizations◆Consensus Principle◆Issues to consider: Issues related to peaceful uses of outer space(UNCOPUOS cannot deal with the issues related to military uses of outer space)→Conference on Disarmament (non-UN organization)

2．INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW④ SOURCES Treaties:

1967 The Outer Space Treaty
1968 The Rescue Agreement
1972 The Liability Convention
1975 The Registration Convention
1979 The Moon Agreement

Principles:

1963 The Declaration of Legal Principles
1982 The Direct Broadcasting Principles
1986 The Remote Sensing Principles
1992 The Nuclear Power Sources Principles
1996 The Space Benefit Declaration

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3．WHAT IS SPACE POLICY?

◆National policy (= direction) concerning outer space activities◆Functions: (example)

Fostering international cooperation
Facilitate making national space lawEnhancing transparency in outer space activities
that serves for confidence-building
Creating space industry

HOW TO RESEARCH SPACE LAW AND POLICY

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION① BOOKS② Journals③ Websites of:
UN Office for Outer Space Affairs (or other International Organization)
National space agencies or related departments
NGO

Example： Congressional Research Service
Arms Control Association

WHAT ELEMENTS NEED TO BE CONSIDERED?
In order to obtain an overview (identify benefits and problems)of a state’s space activity, the following elements need to be considered:① National space policyPurpose in outer space activities(check also a goal of National Strategy)② National space law→Legal instruments to achieve the goal (means)③ Relevant departments/agencies →Their goals and roles④ Space programs (Civil / Commercial / Military) →Which is prioritized?
⑤ Budgets→increasing？decreasing？
⑥ Partners for space cooperation →Which state?

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NEXT WEEK’S THEME FOR SIMULATED NEGOTIATIONS“What are benefits and problems
if ALL states carry out outer space activities?”① Please choose Group A (Advanced States) and Group B (Developing States)② You need to consider the followings:
Space technology is dual-use.
While the number of UN member states is 193 states,
only 9 states posses full space launching capabilities.
(US, Russia, EU, Japan, China, India, Ucraine, Israel, Iran)③ Please decide group leaders.

END