Overcoming Insomnia~Everyone Became Sound Sleep from Sleeplessness~
5102 Ando Yumina

Abstract
Insomnia affects both mind and body and increases the risk of various diseases. In
addition, there is a possibility of economic loss due to a decrease in work efficiency during
the day and negative thinking. Based on these things and the fact that we spend about
one-third of our life on sleeping, I thought that there was great significance in improving
insomnia. The conclusion is to eliminate insomnia-promoting and permanent factors.
Specifically, stress countermeasures, lifestyle changes, and appropriate treatment arenecessary. So, I thought about how to disseminate this information and thought that spreading
World Sleep Day would be a good idea. Last year, artists who are active around the world
created music that is said to be good for insomnia, and distributed it on various music
services. The awareness of World Sleep Day is low, and I don't think it has reached people
with insomnia, so I thought it would be good to first let people know about the existence ofWorld Sleep Day.

1 Introduction
Insomnia can affect anyone in the world, and sleep deprivation can have devastating
physical and psychological effects. A lot of research has been done on insomnia, andcountermeasures have been discovered, but what is effective for people who don't actually
have a sense of crisis about insomnia or who don't know the importance of sleep? Sleep
disorders are familiar to us, and we spend a third of our lives sleeping, so I think it's worth
researching. In addition, insomnia has significant disadvantages, such as reduced efficiency
in work and study, and negative psychological effects. I think the economic loss due toinsomnia is quite large. Insomnia has also been found to increase the risk of a variety of otherillnesses. Insomnia is a disease that can affect anyone in the world, and it is not well known,so I think it is of great significance to investigate ways to improve it. Finally, we propose aneffective improvement method for insomnia.

2 Discussion and implicationsFirst,I resarch Insomnia. Insomnia means you regularly have problems with sleeping.

It usually gets better by changing your sleeping habits.Insomnia can sap not only your energy
level and mood but also your health, work performance and quality of life.It's usually the
result of stress or a traumatic event.Insomnia may be the primary problem, or it may be
associated with other medical conditions or medications.

Figure1 cause of insomnia[Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International]
Insomnia refers to the accumulation of physical and mental fatigue due to difficulty
falling asleep, awakening in the middle of the night, early morning awakening, and difficulty
falling asleep for more than one month, leading to a state of depression such as malaise anddecreased motivation. If insomnia continues, you will not be able to sleep well, so you will
not be able to get rid of fatigue, and you will not have the energy to get up in the morning. In
addition, if the daytime sleepiness remains strong, the efficiency of work that requires
attention and memory is reduced, and the mood tends to be depressed. On the other hand,
they tend to be overreacting to little things, hypersensitive to interpersonal relationships, andeasily irritable. Furthermore, it is becoming clear that during sleep, growth hormone issecreted, immunity is strengthened, body tissues are repaired, and information and memories
during the day are organized and established. When this happens, these functions become
inadequate, and it is thought that physical disorders are more likely to occur.
When anyone feels stress, the activity of the sympathetic nerve increases, and if one becomes
excited, it becomes difficult to fall asleep. The susceptibility to the effects of stress varies
from person to person, and this is called the "prerequisites" in Spielman's 3P model. Additionof stress and environmental changes strengthens the "promoting factors" in Spielman's 3Pmodel, and when a certain limit is exceeded, "insomnia" develops. At this stage, many

stress-related insomnias can be improved by reducing the "promoting factors" throughappropriate stress management, adjustment of lifestyle and sleeping environment, andappropriate drug therapy.
In this way, what I need to improve corona insomnia to solve the problem is the"promoting factor." In previous resrarch,I found an attempt that says “20 artists from all over
the world gathered to commemorate "World Sleep Day" ！In previous research Healing songs
that bring a good night's sleep are now available for distribution! ”There is an effort to makean annual call to action on how important healthy sleep is for humans. Internationally enacted,
it aims to raise awareness of the physical and mental health benefits of good sleep habits.
Recently, it has been reported that the number of people suffering from insomnia has
increased rapidly due to the pandemic that hit the world (BBC News named the phenomenon"Corona Somnia ''). is significant. According to the World Sleep Association, 2 billion people
worldwide suffer from insomnia. Studies have shown that listening to music while sleeping
can help people fall asleep faster and improve sleep quality. Also, in order to prevent
recurrence, it is necessary to improve the “permanence factor”.

3 Conclusion
We found that insomnia can be improved by eliminating promoting and permanence
factors. It is necessary to reduce stress and improve internal rhythms. To that end, I learned
that music is effective, and that it is important to devise meals, do light exercise, and create anenvironment for sleeping. I'm not a doctor, so I can't directly tell patients about these things,
so I'd like to promote World Sleep Day instead. I would like to emphasize the importance ofsleep by presenting data that overturns the stereotypes of people who take sleep lightly, andthat the recognition rate for World Sleep Day is low.

4 References
20 artists from all over the world gather to commemorate "World Sleep Day"! Healing songs
that bring a good night's sleep are now available for distribution!
://www.universal-music.co.jp/chad-lawson/news/2021-03-19/Insomnia (2022/09/13)- Healthcare Lab
https://w-health.jp/self_check/self_check_13/Insomnia-e (2022/09/13)

Check− Health Net − Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
https://www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp/information/heart/k-02-001.html (2022/10/11)
World Sleep Day
https://sleepspot. resmed.jp/sleep-health/world-sleep-day/ (2022/10/11)
Insomnia - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355167(2022/10/11)

Insomnia: Causes, Risks & Treatments - Cleveland Clinic
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia (2022/11/02)

Bringing Thai Professional Soccer to the World~Thai League 1 to become a symbol of Thailand's development~
5103 Haruki Izawa
Abstract
I conducted our research with the goal of developing the Kingdom of Thailand, adeveloping country in Southeast Asia. As a means to achieve this goal, I focused on the
J-League, which can take advantage of its community-based activities, and the MLS, which
has a solid structure as a sports business. Specifically, I wanted to solve regional issues inThailand through the J-League's regional contribution activities. In the course of our research,
I found that Thailand had been hit hard economically by the COVID-19, which has caused aseries of factory shutdowns in the country, because the manufacturing industry is the mainindustry. Therefore, I studied the issues facing the J-League itself, the league structure of the
MLS, and the external strategies of European leagues such as the English Premier League. I
therefore decided that the first and most important step was to improve not only the level ofsoccer, but also the structure of the Thai league itself. I also thought that the further
development of the Thai League 1 would increase the amount of what we could do for
Thailand.
1 Introduction
Thailand, the subject of this study, has seen a great increase in the popularity of soccer
in recent years, and although it is not globally popular or well-known, it is characterized byhaving a solid league. Therefore, I thought it would be easy to conduct this research, which isto promote the development of Southeast Asia through professional soccer, and that theresults would show up immediately when they were achieved. In this research, I would like totake advantage of the J-League's regional focus, which I have been referring to since lastyear. In addition, thinking about the Thai league, I believe that the league structure known as
the "single-entity system," which has become a hot topic in the professional sports world inrecent years, can be successfully utilized. I would like to consider the optimal league
structure for Thailand, referring to the Major League Soccer (MLS), an American
professional soccer league that was one of the first in the world to introduce the "single-entity

system," so that it can make a significant contribution to the development of the country.
2 Discussion and implications
The goal of this study is to make Thai Ligue 1 such an important part of Thailand thatit becomes a symbol of the country's development. If this can be achieved, we can help
develop Southeast Asia from the perspective of professional soccer, a region that is currently
underdeveloped.
First of all, professional soccer can have a positive impact on society by becoming a
tourism resource and by contributing to national and regional economies. As an example,
consider the English Premier League, the best league in the world. The Premier League
attracts star players from all over the world, and the soccer matches are played at a very highlevel. As a result, it has fans all over the world, and its influence is not limited to the United
Kingdom. Since many people want to watch the games live in local stadiums, soccer has
become a tourism resource, attracting tourists from all over the world and contributing to the
local community. In addition, the market for these clubs is very large, as their merchandiseand other products are sold all over the world. Even if it is difficult for Thai professionalsoccer to become like England, it can be transformed into a bigger soccer league by turning
its vision overseas.
The J-League, Japan's professional soccer league, also has a way for the Thai league
to develop in the future. The J-League, from its inception, has aimed to be a soccer league
rooted in the local community, and in recent years, due in part to its influence, it has also
developed a system to solve social problems in the local community. One of the strengths of
the J-League is that it is able to solve problems not only through the J-League itself, but also
through partnerships with local governments and general companies. This is a very good
approach, as it provides a clear means of solving problems and increases the influence on thelocal community.
Another league that can be used as a reference is Major League Soccer (MLS). This
league uses a unique league structure called the single-entity system, which is a recent trend
in the sports business world. The purpose of this system is to eliminate as much as possible
the disparity between clubs and to achieve development of the league as a whole. In this way,
the attractiveness of the league itself is enhanced. If the league becomes a league with toomuch disparity in ability, even if the economic situation of individual clubs improves, thelower-ranked clubs will have a hard time running their businesses and will not be able tocontinue to exist. If the number of teams were to decrease as a result, the league would cease
to exist. In order to prevent such a situation from occurring, the system is tried to be designed
to align the teams, both financially and in terms of strength. Another advantage of this systemis that it makes it easier for investors to invest in the leagues and clubs, since the risk ofbankruptcy is now extremely small. The United States is at the forefront of the sportsbusiness, and the system devised there makes the league an attractive investment target.
Fund-raising will be a very important point for the future growth of the Thai league, and webelieve that it is better to introduce this single-entity system in order to actively receive
investment from a large number of people.
3 Conclusion
The popularity of soccer in Thailand has been growing year by year, and it is notdifficult to see that interest in the country's domestic league is growing in this context.
However, it is necessary to devise ways to make this not a transient boom, but to further
develop it into a development for the country of Thailand itself. Part of this is to expand
overseas, or to contribute to the local community within one's own country.
However, when considering gaining popularity overseas, Thailand alone does nothave a sufficient track record. In this case, we would like to refer to the example of Major
League Soccer (MLS), a domestic soccer league in the U.S., which has succeeded inmarketing itself not only domestically but also overseas by viewing sports from a businessperspective. The U.S. is a country with a very advanced sports business, and there are many
aspects of sports other than soccer that can serve as a great reference. In particular, the MLS,
which was established around the same time as the J-League, has drastically changed theUnited States, which had been said to be a soccer barren land. Thanks in part to the MLS,
soccer has become the second most popular sport in the U.S. after the NFL and NBA, thefour major sports in the country. The MLS is a unique league in terms of its structure andother factors, but it has been very profitable in the U.S. because it is suited to the realities of
the U.S. and has had a strong external strategy. I believe that there are many clues for thedevelopment of leagues hidden in these examples of activities and league rules, and I would
like to continue my research on them in the future.

4 Referenceshttps://tsukimiso.online/20210211/ (2022 5/6)
Comparing the 5 Major European Leagues and the J League, Earnings Structures
https://halftime-media.com/wordlist/10104/ (2022 5/6)
Single Entity
https://sports.yahoo. co.jp/official/detail/202112290012-spnaviow (2022 6/24)"The sports business is a business of rights." Takehiko Nakamura, who is active in the sports
scene in Japan and the United States, explains why the sports business and rights are
inseparable.
https://forbesjapan.com/articles/detail/45264/1/1/1 (2022 6/24)
Can the “Japanese style single entity” become a new league management model?
https://victorysportsnews.com/articles/6855/originalWhy (2022 7/20)
does MLS attract money? An investment-type sports business that changed the "footballbarren land"Education First to children around the world~New ways to use second hand textbook and youth in action~
5104 Juna Ishii
Abstract
Looking around the world, the educational disparity among children has long been aproblem, yet the educational environment in developed countries is only getting moredeveloped, while the educational environment in developing countries is not being resolved.
Even today, according to UNICEF, still 330 million children can’t go to school and receive
enough quality education. Therefore, my research focused on creating opportunities forJapanese youth to think about social and poverty issues that are occurring around the world.
For example, the reuse of textbooks. There are many problems in Japan, especially university
textbooks, which are too expensive and economically difficult to buy. The most effective idea
at the moment is a flea market website dedicated to textbooks, which is already in use insome other countries. However, simply sending the textbooks to developing countries is not
sure how the textbooks are actually being used locally, so a volunteer group of students
interested in social issues could collect and deliver the textbooks to children who can’t getenough education. A problem is the impression people have of second-hand items in Japan,
and whether there are many textbooks that are relatively close to new ones, which are original
when they are used.

1 Introduction
Currently, so many children around the world are not receiving high quality education,
especially developing countries(FIG1), and there are large educational disparities among
countries. However, this is not because children do not like to be educated, but because
children are often deprived of educational opportunities by the region in which they wereborn and by their parents. There are many families where there are no schools, the number ofteachers are not enough, or economically they have to work from a young age to bring money
into the family. In fact, when I went to Cebu, Philippines in July this year as part of myvolunteer activities to support refugee camps in slum areas, I met elementary and junior highschool students whose houses were destroyed by typhoons and who could not go to school
due to the effects of Covid-19 and their families' poverty situation. There were also many
children living in large families in shabby-looking huts. In addition, while English educationin the country as a whole is development, in some parts of the country, English education athome and at school is not extremely advanced, and while there are many people who
generally live in English, in some parts of the country, not only children but also adults
cannot speak English, and I actually felt that there are disparities in education even in thesame region. There are economic reasons for not being able to go to school. There are also
those whose parents are financially unable to send them to school, those affected by typhoons
and other natural disasters, and even those for whom there are no schools in some areas. The
purpose of this project is to focus on what we can do for them , as a developed country, tohelp these children receive a good education, and thereby create an opportunity for us, theyouth, to think about the global poverty gap. While the level of education in developed
countries is rising rapidly, education in developing countries has not been going in the right
direction for many years, and the global education gap seems to be growing wider and wider.
It is necessary for each of us to think about how our actions can help the world as a whole
move in the right direction. This is why I am considering a charity in which developed
countries students support developing countries students. There have been many support
activities for developing countries already, but I think that the reuse of textbooks and student
activities may be new. I would like to focus mainly on the student activity part of thissuggestion.The actual research will be through the use of my survey, observation of thesituation by visiting these kinds of places and the Internet.

2 Discussion and implications
My suggestion is to create groups of student volunteers who collect textbooks. They sell
used textbooks and call for donations of them as everything, and then actually go todeveloping regions themselves to distribute these textbooks. In Japan, used products are still
not common and many people are still prejudiced against these ideas, but I am particularlyinterested in the idea of promoting textbook used-sale flea markets, mainly online. In fact,
textbooks are too expensive in Japan, especially for university textbooks. In addition to thehigh cost of tuition, textbooks are also a major expense. Moreover, there is the problem oftextbooks being disposed of after graduation instead of being recycled. Some people think it
is lazy to separate garbage and go to the recycle shop. While solving such problems in Japan,
used textbooks can be sold in Japan as material support for children in developing countries
who lack access to education, with those that can be used as is (e.g., English) and those withlanguage barriers sold for charity or new relief supplies. The profits are then donated tocharity or to new relief supplies. Since the number of people who will see the textbooks on
the website will be limited, we are also considering selling used textbooks at events wheremany people come to the school, such as open campuses and entrance ceremonies, if
possible. If we are not able to collect and hand them over ourselves in such activities, we will
not know how they are being used or if they are being used for purposes other than our own.
Many university students who find free time and are interested in volunteering can be foundeasily through volunteer application sites such as "activo”. According to our own survey,
about 80% of students discard their textbooks after graduation or give them to someone theyknow(FIG2). About 90% said they would like to use a textbook flea market site or service if
one existed. One way to donate them is to have them collectively donate the items they nolonger need at graduation ceremonies and other such events. By doing so, wasteful individual
discards would be reduced, and students would be able to respond to the excessive prices oftextbooks at Japanese universities and other institutions. By using the rewards for the
donation, the company expects to eliminate unnecessary expenses and losses. The idea ofbuying textbooks as used books is not something that many people think of, especially when
everyone usually buys new ones every school year changes. We hope to make a new idea
there, and hope that buying used books will be a step toward eliminating educational
disparities around the world, and will help young people learn about and become interested in
the world's poverty disparities. Recently, many people, regardless of age, have become
interested in environmental and social issues such as recycling and educational disparities
with developing countries, and recently these issues have been covered by the media. We
hope that we can gather students who are interested and make this a student-centered activity.

3 Conclusion
The last goal is the one described in this Discussion and implications, but there are still
many problems, the more you use textbooks, which have writing, markers, and otheroriginality, the more they become, used ones are difficult to use like new ones, and public
activities are difficult. While it is difficult to resell items with a lot of writing, there are many
textbooks and reference books that have not been used much and have few writings. Suchitems would be easy to sell at a relatively high price. Since it is not easy to use the materials
used in Japan as they are overseas, we think it is more realistic to sell them as used in Japanand use the profits overseas. We also think that setting a suggested donation amount at thetime of purchase would also be useful. Therefore, in relation to the SDGs development goalsof eliminating poverty and inequality, this study focuses on the educational disparity between
developed and developing countries, and by targeting young people in their teens andtwenties by mainstreaming used textbooks in Japan and providing learning support forchildren whose education is not enough to them. We believe that this will create an
opportunity for people to learn about the existence of poverty disparities in the world and to
think about social issues that they would not otherwise know about because they live inJapan, a developed country.

4 References
Number of students of primary school age not attending school , Retrieved 3 Jul 2022
https://www.unicef.or.jp/about_unicef/about_act02.html#:~:text=2018%E5%B9%B4%E6%99%82%E7%82%B9%E3%80%81%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2,%E3%81%8C%E7%B4%843%2
C200%E4%B8%87%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%82
Canada Second Bind ,Retrieved 3 Jul 2022
Sell textbooks online in Canada - Second Bind

4 Effective Ways To Recycle Textbooks [2022 Guide]
Ernest / May 20th,2022
4 Effective Ways To Recycle Textbooks in 2022 - BookDeal
University’s textbooks are too expensive , Retrieved 12 Jul 2022
Redirecting
Survey of Attitudes Toward Buying and Selling Secondhand Goods , Retrieved 12 jul 2022
https://www.geonet.co.jp/news/23049/
Out of School children and Youth , Retrieved 10 Oct 2022
uis.unesco.org/en/topic/out-school-children-and-youth
UNICEF Global School Enrollment Report Released , Retrieved 16 Nov 2022
https://www.unicef.or.jp/news/2018/0155.html
Consultancy.eu Over 250 million children globally are deprived from school , 17 Nov 2022
https://www.consultancy.eu/news/4493/over-250-million-children-globally-are-deprived-fromschool

FIG1

FIG2

Stop the hunger in Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Because of thepoverty~spread the goat bank system~
5105 Ryoko Ishimaki

Abstract
I suggest that Timor-Leste adapts the goatbank system to make a active businessto reduce poverty and to reduce hunger in the country. This system is sustainable andself-standing so If they adapt it they will be able to earn enough money to live by
themself. What is more, The popularity of meat of goat is increasing so it has the abilityof trading with other country or area.

1 Introduction
At present 40% of the population of the Tiomor-Leate are forced to live withless 1$ per a day and the hunger become a serious problem. The economic gap between
urban area and rural area is very large and the poverty rate and the hunger rate is almostin proportion.Therefore I think the cause of the poverty is the economic stagnation so I
research about how The rural area of The country can adapt the lively economic
activity.

2 Discussion and implications
The climate and landforms of Timor-Leste are characterized by mountains
covering approximately 60% of the country and has a large amount of open land in thewestern part of the country. It has dry and rainy seasons, and there is also a dry season.
In terms of agriculture and livestock production, there is a shortage of farmland,
small-scale production, and the absence of business owners.
This is why I am considering the introduction of a goat banking system. In thegoat banking system, the supporter lends a few livestock animals (in this case, two or
three goats) to each household, the household raises and breeds the animals, and after a
few years, returns the number of animals which they borrowed to the donor. Thissystem, which provides livestock farming as a means of earning cash income, is alreadyin use in Vietnam, Laos, and other countries. In Laos, cash income has increased byadapting the goat banking system, and in some cases, the profits have amounted to
one-third of the annual cost of living. However, the scale of this activity was small, andthe results were more about increasing the income of each household than the village or
the country as a whole.

The benefits of this system are that it is sustainable and self-sustaining. The
advantage of this system is that it is highly sustainable and self-sustaining. Althoughsupport in the form of aid money and food is necessary, it is ultimately difficult fordeveloping countries to break away from their dependence on developed countries. The
reason why goats were used in the study was because goats are one of the livestock
animals that are resistant to drought and have very high fertility, which is the mostsuitable for the dry climate of East Timor, which has a dry season. In addition, goat meatand goat milk have been attracting increasing interest in recent years because of theirhealth benefits, and goat meat exports from Australia have doubled in the past five years(1), so they thought they could earn income from goat meat trade as well.
One of the challenges of this system is that it is very small in scale. The target
unit is the "household," which does not lead to economic growth in villages, towns,
prefectures, or the nation as a whole. Since my goal is to revitalize economic activity inrural areas as a whole, I recommended that the scope of my research be limited to"villages. To address the first issue, the shortage of farmland, I recommended that vacantland be utilized, especially in the western part of the village, and in other areas, thatbreeding facilities be secured by either constructing barns for several families at a time,or by constructing barns on residential land that are large enough for each family to keep
10 or more cows. The second issue, the scale of production, can also be solved by using"villages" rather than "individual households" as the unit of production. Specifically,each household will be responsible for raising the animals, but shipments will beorganized into "village" units. Although the economic disparity between urban and rural
areas is noticeable, the company believes that it is difficult to make profits from domestic
trade, and aims to acquire profits from trade by exporting to other countries. The third
issue is the absence of a business owner, so an organizational framework will be createdin advance and local people will be hired. This will enable us to secure business owners
and at the same time increase employment.
Next, we discuss specific proposals. Introduce a goat banking system in rural
areas of Timor-Leste to generate income through trade with foreign countries, especiallydeveloped countries, instead of aiming for cash income in the domestic market. The
reason for not using the system in the domestic market is that we believe that trade within
an economically marginalized region will not lead to significant income. Let us assume
trade with Japan. Japan's imports of goat meat in 2021 amounted to 467 tons, of which
95.6% came from Australia and 4.4% from Spain. Figure (2). At 476 tons per year, thistranslates to about 38 tons per month. The average amount of edible parts obtained fromone goat is said to be about 18 kg. In addition, Australia exports 443 tons per year,
making a profit of 420.8 million. A simple calculation shows that the profit per kilogramis about 950 yen, which means that one goat (18 kg) yields a profit of 17,100 yen. In
addition, after processing, 5 kg of goat meat is sold for about 15,000 yen (1kg x 5p ofcommercial-use goat cut meat for Okiham, 14,880 yen), so adding processing to the pricecan generate a profit of 45,000 yen per goat. Even if we assume that 10 families in avillage each ship one goat per month, the village as a whole can earn 450,000 yen in cash
income.

3 Conclusion
The proposal is for several households in the region to jointly use a corral toactivate livestock production, especially goat production, and to develop trade withforeign countries by sending local business owners or hiring local caretakers. In this
proposal, there are still issues of trade costs and trading countries, as well as
profit-sharing methods.

4 References
http://www.undp.or.jp/hdr/regional_national/timorleste_nhdr.shtml“First Human Development Conference in Timor-Leste." (2022/08/10)
https://www.waseda.jp/inst/weekly/academics/2016/11/30/13883/“Push for Research on Goat Banking, Key to Poverty Reduction”(2022/05/31)
https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12268595.pdf“Dili Urban Planning Project, Timor-Leste” (2022/09/15)
https://www.pen-kanagawa.ed.jp/maioka-h/seikatsu/documents/seibutsutankyu.pd f"Students' Independent Inquiry in Maioka High School's "BiologicalInquiry"(2022/10/01)
https://www.terra-r.jp/blog/21cpwt_cambodia.html“Beyond This Landscape. Cambodia"(2022/10/01)
https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/236336?page=3"Goat Fever Coming?" Toyo Keizai Online(2022/09/22)

Aiming for ZERO-WASTE~Creating a livable of environment~
5106 Mikoto Isobe
Abstract
Zero-waste is not about how to dispose of waste, but a society that does not generate waste
itself. It is an effort to live with purpose. Today, the world's garbage problem is progressing
year by year, but Kamikatsu town, Katsuura-district, Tokushima prefecture is the first inJapan to tackle zero-waste. We are conducting activities to separate 45 pieces of garbage thatare not used by individuals. This activity has actually achieved a recycling rate of over 80%
in Kamikatsu town. Last year, I researched Kamikatsu town's initiatives and tried to spreadzero-waste from there. However, this is an initiative that can only be done in a small townwith a small population, and it would be difficult to do it in a big city. Therefore, we need tolook for zero-waste that can be tackled on a global scale.

1 Introduction
The garbage problem is a major problem facing the world. garbage continues to grow.
Much of this waste is not properly disposed of, causing pollution and health hazards invarious places as a pile of garbage. It is estimated that by 2050 there will be more plastic thanfish in the ocean. There are also problems with recycling. Recycling consumes a lot ofenergy, but about 80% of the garbage we produce in Japan is incinerated or landfilled withouteven being recycled. However, it is a big problem that landfill sites are decreasing year by
year. New landfills require suitable land, which is difficult to find. In addition, the current
situation is that it is not easy to solve the impact of landfills on the surrounding environment,such as the damage to health and crops due to harmful substances, and the impact on rivers
and ecosystems. There are many problems associated with garbage disposal. Therefore, theresearch question is "Is it possible to solve the world's waste problem with zero-waste?" By
doing so, we aim to solve the garbage problem. At the same time, we will conduct researchwith the aim of solving the environmental problems caused by the waste problem. The
significance of this research is that by proposing measures to reduce the amount of garbage

that continues to increase and to protect the earth's limited resources, we can not only solve
the garbage problem, but also solve environmental problems. .
As a research method, I use the Internet to deepen my knowledge of the world's garbage
problem. The content of the research mainly focuses on what kind of waste problems exist in
the world (types and contents), and what efforts each country is making to solve the problemof waste, which is currently regarded as a problem in many countries. such as whether or not
at the same time, I look for initiatives that are likely to lead to solutions to the world's
garbage problems. Next, learn about the efforts at the “Kamikatsu Zero Waste Center” in
Kamikatsu Town, Katsuura District, Tokushima Prefecture. In 2003, Kamikatsu became thefirst town in Japan to make a “Zero Waste Declaration”, and is a region that has set a target of2020 to become “Zero Waste” (minimizing the amount of waste that must be incinerated orlandfilled). Instead of using garbage trucks, Kamikatsu has adopted a “resources bring-in”
system in which residents separate their garbage and bring it to the facility themselves. Also,
I learned that Kamikatsu town had established a hotel called “HOTTE WHY” in the same
location as the Zero Waste Center, so I actually contacted the Zero Waste Center in
Kamikatsu town and made the Zero Waste declaration. Hear about the details of the efforts in
Kamikatsu town, including the reasons for establishing HOTEL WHY. After that, I will think
about how to spread Kamikatsu's efforts to the world based on the information I got from the
Zero Waste Center. Ultimately, we will make proposals that can solve the waste problem
while comparing various efforts that are being made around the world. The proposal will
make Kamikatsu's efforts world-class.

2 Discussion and implications
The current world population is approximately 7,676,960,000. The total amount ofgarbage thrown away by people living in various parts of the world is about 2.12 billion tons
per year, and this figure is on the rise. The progress of the garbage problem also affects theshortage of landfill sites and the deterioration of the global environment. While conducting
research to solve this problem, I focused on the “Zero Waste Center” in Kamikatsu town,
Katsuura district, Tokushima prefecture, and the adjoining “HOTEL WHY”. The town of
Kamikatsu has made a zero-waste declaration and has adopted a system in which thetownspeople take their own garbage to the zero-waste center instead of using garbage trucks.
Its recycling rate is as high as 80%. Food waste is said to account for a large portion of thetotal amount of garbage, but all households in Kamikatsu dispose of food waste themselves.

From these facts, it can be seen that the people living in Kamikatsu are actively cooperatingwith the Zero Waste Declaration. In fact, from the point of view of the townspeople, sorting is
not troublesome, and rather, sorting seems to be a matter of course. Currently, there areproblems with incinerating garbage in the world, but Kamikatsu has introduced 45 sorting of
garbage in order to reduce the cost of incinerating garbage. By separating 45 wastes, theannual incineration cost per person, which costs 14,000 yen nationwide, has been reduced to
9,076 yen. For these reasons, I thought that if we could spread the efforts of Kamikatsu town
to the rest of the world, we could come closer to solving the world's waste problem.

In addition, efforts to solve the garbage problem are also being carried out by various foodand beverage companies. Taking UCC as an example, UCC has set goals focusing on PET
bottles, which are the main container and packaging material for beverage products, and ispracticing product manufacturing that takes into account the reduction of environmental
impact. We have set the ratio of PET bottles made from recycled materials (including thosederived from plants) to be 50%. At the UCC Gunma factory, part of the coffee grounds
discharged from the factory are turned into fertilizer at a fertilizer manufacturing company inGunma prefecture. In addition, the fertilizer is used by farmers in Gunma Prefecture to growvegetables, and the vegetables grown there are sold at a vegetable market in Gunma
Prefecture (Kaze no Hiroba).

However, zero waste does not only have benefits. It takes a long time to purchase because
we are particular about materials and packaging, and there are few products in the market thatare conscious of zero-waste and plastic-free, so many products are expensive, and we areconscious of using things repeatedly. Due to this, there are disadvantages such as an increasein household goods. Zero-waste cannot be achieved without the help of not only individuals
but also companies and governments. Therefore, in order to solve the garbage problem in the
future, it is necessary to take measures that can achieve this cooperation.
3 Conclusion
If Katsu town's zero-waste initiatives are spread around the world and put into practice,
the world's waste problems can be turned toward solutions. However, depending on theenvironment and topography, it would be difficult to sort garbage into 45 parts and dispose offood waste at home in each region of the world. Moreover, it is not necessarily the case thatpeople around the world will be positive about the waste problem. Therefore, in the future, I
think that we must find a way to spread the efforts of Kamikatsu town and find a way forpeople to take the initiative to solve the garbage problem in any region.
4 References<Internet>
What is Zero Waste? Zero Waste Academy
https://zwa.jp/about/(May 17)

Kamikatsu Zero Waste Center
https://why-kamikatsu.jp/ (May 17)
Dissemination of information overseas, I want to change Japan by reimporting waste
https://project.nikkeibp.co.jp/atclppp/PPP/434148/051300044/ (June 8)
Summary of countries, cities and companies working on Zero waste
https://ideasforgood.jp/zerowaste-matome/ (June 8)
Zero Waste Town Kamikatsu
https://zwtk.jp/ (July 16)
How to use the extracted dregs at UCC
https: //www.ucc.co.jp/company/csr/resources/ (December 3)[European CE special feature #27] Sustainability and happiness can coexist. “Zero Waste
House” to create a zero-waste culture in France
https://ideasforgood.jp/2020/03/23/zero-waste-house/ (December 14)<Book>“Zero Waste Home”
Author: Bea Johnson / Published: April 9, 2013
"Challenge to Zero Waste Frontline of Zero Waste"
Author: Shusaku Yamaya / Published: 2016

Land-based aquaculture to protect the earth~Aiming for tuna from Gunma prefecture~5107 Imai Emi
Abstract
This research has three main conclusions. Which are (1)disseminate and implement
simple closed-loop land-based aquaculture facilities, (2)making mulch with biodegradable
plastic,(3)use the Internet to spread awareness about the problem of marine pollution andgather a lot of inspiration. In this paper, I would like to increase the credibility of myconclusions and actually produce results and to be able to farm seawater fish in prefecturesand inland countries,where there is no sea.

1 Introduction
In our daily lives, we can learn about the relationship between humans and the sea
through food, culture, and the economy. We can say that people have been saved by thesea.However, in recent years, environmental problems in the sea have been getting worse. In
particular, marine plastic litter and marine pollution should be dealt with immediately, and if
this ploblem continues as they are, they will become even more serious. Japan and theworld, which has benefited from the sea even now, should tackle environmental problems of
the sea. We set up a research question, "What should we do to popularize land-based
aquaculture that can protect the marine environment, resources, and culture, and actually
produce results?" The hypothesis is land-based aquaculture and spread it “ to the world, andcombine it with hydroponics.
There are three main research methods (1)information gathering, questionnaires, 3)
fieldwork.The research was done as follows.In information gathering, there are many(academic articles and papers on the Internet.Since it has been reported in the news andnewspapers, we will also investigate it. I think it's written in books, so I also use the library.
In the questionnaire, we asked people who are actually engaged in fishing to tell us about thecurrent marine environment. The contents include garbage near the coast, awareness of
microplastics, and changes in the number of fishermen. In the fieldwork, I had a dialogue
with Professor Kenichi Kasuya of Gunma University, who is researching biodegradable
plastics. He mostly agreed on incorporating biodegradable plastics into fisheries. We also
visited the research institute of Professor Tsuyoshi Umezu, who is researching land-based

aquaculture in Maebashi City. He spoke to us about making better use of land-based
aquaculture.
2 Discussion and implications"Microplastics" are small plastics less than 5 mm in size. As a result of a large
amount of this flowing into the sea, in addition to physical problems such as accidental
ingestion by fish, the toxicity of chemical substances has caused great damage to all living
things in the sea. This not only destroys the marine ecosystem, but also threatens humanhealth.
In addition, the marine pollution problem is mainly seawater pollution caused bydomestic wastewater and wastewater discharged from aquaculture facilities flowing into thesea. In Japan today, domestic wastewater is properly treated, but wastewater fromaquaculture facilities is not properly treated, so abnormal nutrients flow into the sea, causing
red tides and The ecological balance has been disturbed.
I have been researching this microplastic problem and marine pollution in relation to
Japan's food self-sufficiency rate. Japan has a low food self-sufficiency rate, but theexclusive economic zone from which marine resources can be obtained is very large. I feltthat I should make more use of this characteristic of Japan. Protecting the marine
environment leads to increased fish catches. It is also important to pass down Japaneseculture, including the world-renowned Japanese tradition of “Washoku”. As a result, I
wanted to protect the seas of the future and contribute to preserving Japanese traditions.
There are a number of current issues. To enumerate, due to the relatively recent emergenceof microplastics as a problem, there is a lack of public awareness and knowledge, a decline inJapanese people's interest in fishing, a decrease in the number of fishermen, and serious
pollution of the sea. Japan's food self-sufficiency rate, lack of manners, etc. From thesenumerous problems, we will proceed with research and think of things that can lead to
improvements, even if only a little.
As I proceeded with my research, I thought that biodegradable plastics and land-based
aquaculture would be effective. However, there are still shortcomings in these two, andawareness must be raised. In the future, we will proceed with research and consider more
effective and practical methods and methods of appeal.
First, we found that it would be difficult to put biodegradable plastics into practicaluse under the current circumstances. We still found improvements in terms of cost anddurability, so next time we will think about what to do to improve it. Specifically, I would

like to proceed with my research while predicting where improvements can be made and forwhat purpose.
One suggestion is to incorporate biodegradable plastic into the mulch (the black
plastic sheet you use to make strawberries). I thought it was the best because it easily blends
into the soil and does not need to be thin and durable. Therefore, I would like to movetowards multi-production of biodegradable plastic.
Next, let's talk about land-based aquaculture. Land-based aquaculture means farming
fish and shellfish in an artificially created environment on land. Land-based aquaculture canbe broadly divided into two methods: the “flowing system” and the “closed circulation
system.” The free-flowing system takes in and discharges water from the sea, rivers, andgroundwater. It is mainly used in eel farming. On the other hand, the "closed circulation
system" purifies the breeding water with a filtration system, circulates it and uses it
repeatedly for farming, so it is an environmentally friendly system. In my research, I will
mainly consider the closed circulation type from the merit.
The current hypothesis is implementation in supermarkets. Farming in the basementof a supermarket not only reduces marine pollution, but also eliminates concerns aboutanisakiasis and reduces transportation and other costs.
Also, from the research so far, I have invented things by myself, such as Seabin and
NOHBO, so I would like to ask more people to come up with ideas after getting more people
to understand the environmental problems of the sea in the first place. is also effective. So, inparallel with this, I will think about and act on activities that will make more people aware ofenvironmental issues.
3 Conclusion
This research has three main conclusions. Disseminate and implement simple
closed-loop land-based aquaculture facilities. Making mulch with biodegradable plastic.And
using the Internet to spread awareness about the problem of marine pollution and gather a lotof inspiration. One suggestion is to incorporate biodegradable plastic into the mulch. I
thought it was the best because it easily blends into the soil and does not need to be thin anddurable. Therefore, I would like to move towards multi-production of biodegradable plastic.
About rand-based aquaculture, I will mainly consider the closed circulation type from themerit.

From now on, I would like to increase the credibility of my conclusions and actually
produce results. And someday, I would like to be able to farm seawater fish in seamless
prefectures and inland countries.

4 References/Cooperation
Maebashi Institute of Technology Professor Tsuyoshi Umezu
Gunma University Professor Kenichi Kasuya

Maebashi Environmental Technology Laboratory
Fisherman Masaru
Fisherman Hamayu
Fisheries Agency (2019) Self-sufficiency rate of marine products in 2018https://www.jfa.maff.go.jp/j/kikaku/24jikyuuritu.files/29jikyuuritu.html (2020/4/29)
Biodegradable plastic issues and future prospects Mitsubishi
https://www.mri.co.jp/knowledge/column/20190408.html（2020/4/29）
Kenichi Kasuya, Molecular Science | Researcher Information - Graduate School of Scienceand Engineering, Gunma University
http://researchers-info.st.gunma-u.ac.jp/chem-bio_kasuya_kenichi/（2020/7/27）
Teruyoshi Hayami (2016) Ministry of the Environment's initiatives on marine litter andmicroplastics
https://scholar.google.co.jp/scholar?q=%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%
AD%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E
5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&hl=ja&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart（2020/4/29）
Kudo, Tomoya Kataoka, Yasuo Nihei, Hirofumi Hinata, Honami Shimazaki, Daiki Baba
(2017) Basic study of microplastic pollution in river water in Japan and its research methods
https://scholar.google.co.jp/scholar?q=%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%
AD%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E
5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&hl=ja&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3
D0k56AuUUxOsJ（2020/4/15）
Environmentally sustainable land-based marine aquaculture
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044848608006480（2022/09/10）
An integrated recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for land-based fish farming: The
effects on water quality and fish production
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0144860911000471?via%3Dihub(202
2/09/12)Charm of car~ Save gasoline cars ~5108 Takuto Uehara
Abstract
As my theme, “Charm of car” means the engine sound and exhaust sound of gasoline
cars. Only gasoline cars have such both sounds called “good” sounds. However, in recent
years the government recommends electric cars in many countries including Japan. Therefore
I want to save the “Charm of car”, belonging only to gasoline cars, and start researching.
But it is difficult to change the policy to make electric cars prevail by only myself, so
the conclusion of this study is that “gasoline cars will not be seen on public roads in the
future” but I suggest making gasoline cars for circuits. There are some limits of sound or
speed on public roads, because some people might think the exhaust sound is too noisy, butthey are not in circuit, so I suggest we should establish driving as one amusement. Thendrivers will be able to enjoy driving with less limits.
1 Introduction
Recent years some carbon-reduction campaigns are being carried out all over theworld. In that, carbon emission by gasoline cars is especially thought of as one of the big
problems. In particular, a lot of rich people especially tend to spend a lot of money forgood-quality. And also Most good-quality cars which people think of are all gasoline carssuch as PORSCHE, BENZ, FERRARI, and LAMBORGHINI. Because such gasoline cars
have emitted a lot of carbon, the government recommends production of electric or hydrogencars, and not gasoline cars but electric cars and hydrogen cars are produced all over theworld. For example, in Japan, the government set the goal that we will stop the production ofgasoline cars by 2030 and the production of electric or hydrogen cars will be all. However,some people like to drive to hear good sound and driving is one of their hobbies. Certainly, I
also think cars have engine sound and exhaust sound as their charm. If gasoline cars
disappear from the world, their charm will also disappear. Then I thought we should save the“Charm of car” and started this research with “Are electric cars ecologically-friendly?” as a
research question of this study.
2 Discussion and implications
The conclusion of this study is that “gasoline cars will not be able to be seen on
public roads in the future”.

First, 20 percent of people in Japan have imported cars, most of which are gasoline
cars. But a lot of countries aim to stop selling gasoline cars. Also, noise from cars may betroublesome in Japan, so the cars produced from now will be strictly restricted the volume ofexhaust sounds. Like these, a lot of things are done to make electric cars prevail.Certainly,
electric cars are eco-friendly, less polluting, and less noisy than gasoline cars. However,electric cars do not have high power capacity, cruise short range and need a longer charging
time than gasoline cars. Though we may be able to solve these problems by technology
development in the future, gasoline cars are superior to electric cars at this point. So I thinkgasoline cars should not be disfellowed.
Next I focused on the carbon produced in power stations. Power stations produce theelectricity which electric cars use driving and emit a lot of carbon. No matter how little
carbon electric cars produce, power stations’ production of carbon dioxide makes it no use.
Previous research shows that Japan will fall into an electricity shortage if electric cars prevail,considering some conditions. If this prevalence continues, we have to make other new
electricity supply sources. However, if we get a new electricity resource, it will produce
carbon. Considering that, gasoline cars may be better for this society than electric cars.

But

I can not change the object, “expel gasoline cars”, so I suggest making gasoline cars forcircuits. If gasoline cars are made for circuit, there are less limits of speed, sound, and so on
so we can establish driving as one amusement.
3 Conclusion
I concluded this research that gasoline cars are superior to electric cars for this society
as I wrote. However gasoline cars are going to be replaced by electric cars in the future. So I
thought that gasoline cars should be made for circuits to establish driving as an amusement.
However only a few people know about the system of circuits and driving circuits will be
expensive for them so they can not go there easily. We must continue this research to solvethese problems.
Also this research must include world affairs.
4 References
エンジン車全廃へ秒読み開始 世界で広がるエンジン車排斥でどうなるクルマ社会 - 自動車情報誌「ベストカー」
エンジン車全廃へ秒読み開始 世界で広がるエンジン車排斥でどうなる車社会（2021/12/09)

クルマ好きはガソリンが好き？ なぜイマイチEVに熱くならないのか - 自動車情報誌「ベストカー」
車好きはガソリンが好き？なぜイマイチEVに熱くならないのか（2021/12/09)
JISPAのビジョン
JISPAのビジョンー一般社団法人 日本輸入車整備推進協会（2021/12/109)
充電渋滞? 大停電? 電気自動車が普及したら訪れる危機とは - 自動車情報誌「ベストカー」(bestcarweb.jp)
充電渋滞？大停電？電気自動車が普及したら訪れる危機とは（2022/03/06)

Toward a More Free Education~For a Frenet Education~
5109 Mei Utsugi
Abstract
This study will consider the incorporation of Frenet Education to make the current
education in Japan more liberal, with a view to reducing the number of children who are notattending school, which is increasing every year. It is now clear what kind of education
method Fresne Education is and what kind of impact it has. Since it is still difficult toimplement Fresne Education in all public schools, it was concluded that the best way to startwith is to establish more free schools within schools and to promote Fresne Education in
those schools. We believe that the appropriate way to promote Fresne Education is togradually expand it from in-school free schools to regular classes, and from comprehensive
time to practical and major subjects, not as the main focus alone, but in parallel with eachother. How to overcome the legal and university entrance examination systems that exist inJapan remains an issue.
1 Introduction
In this study, based on the situation that the number of children who do not attend school inJapan is increasing year by year, I consider the health of such children and their difficulty infinding employment in the future to be the problem. The study also aims to reduce thenumber of children who do not attend school by using an educational method originated in
France called Frenet Education, and to clarify the appropriate educational method in Japan.
In their research on the theme of freer education and Fresne education, Professor Kazuko
Naohara of the Department of Child Communication at Edogawa University and AssistantProfessor Yukino Watanabe of the Department of Child Development at Bunkyo Gakuin
University wrote papers on the theme and subtheme "A Study of Learning Environment in
Fresne Education, a Case of Fresne School in the Netherlands and Belgium" and "The Fresne
School in the Netherlands and Belgium". In their paper, they described in detail theadvantages of Fresne education and the local situation. As a final summary, he wrote about
Fresne Education in Japan, "In Japan, new schools aiming at individualization andcollaboration with children as the main subject have been established one after another in thepast few years. While paying attention to these schools, we feel it is important to discuss withpeople in different positions, not only those involved in fresno education, what kind of

learning environment is desirable for public education in Japan in the future. He stated. My
research is based on the same idea, but from the standpoint of trying to think in my own way
about what is desirable for public education in the future.
The hypothesis is that Fresne education is completely different from the current Japanese
education system in that the children make up their own timetables, there are no set
textbooks, and there is no set format of classes, etc. It would be difficult to incorporate all ofthese elements, but it would be good if some of this free atmosphere could be incorporated
into the program. As a research method, we are planning to look into articles on Fresnel
education on the Internet, schools that actually provide such education, Fresnel education
research groups, and Japanese laws on education.

2 Discussion and implications
・truancy in japan
First, among long-term absentees from elementary and junior high schools, the number oftruant children was 196,127 (181,272 in the previous year), and the number of truant children
per 1,000 students was 20.5 (18.8 in the previous year). The number of children who are notattending school has increased for eight consecutive years, reaching a record high . (Ministryof Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 2020)

In addition, according to the "Survey on the Attitudes of Young People (Survey on the Actual
Conditions Concerning Withdrawal)" conducted by the Cabinet Office, non-attendance atschool (elementary, junior high high school) and failure to find a job accounted for about
10% and 20%, respectively. What this indicates is that being truant from school can lead towithdrawal. Also, regarding the job search of those who

While the rate of students going on to higher education has improved, there are stillanumber of issues to be addressed. The high school enrollment rate for this age group is 98%,
while the college enrollment rate is approximately 60%, a large gap. The high school
dropout rate for those who have never been out of school is more than seven times thenational average. The situation in the job market is also severe. Only 9.3% of those surveyed
are working as full-time employees. This is less than half of those surveyed in the previous
survey (Komeito, 2014).

This means that children who have been out of school are more likely to have difficulties infinding a job than those who have been in school. From these findings, This increasing
number of children not attending school is an issue that we have taken up because we believe
it will have a negative impact on the future of these children.

・Efforts for Children Not Attending School
This section describes what kind of support the government, educational institutions, andschools are providing for children who are not attending school.First, the government iscreating an environment that makes students want to go to school, promoting counseling, andestablishing educational support centers.It is true that these systems may help students ,but
the number of truants is not decreasing. Moreover, even if such a system exists, it is notwidely used in the field. Specifically, there are not enough "special schools for truancy" and"educational support centers'' for the number of truant students, which local governments are
obliged to make an effort to establish, and although there is a system to receive credits, there
are few students who receive attendance certification for their studies outside school.
Significantly fewer pupils receive attendance certification for learning outside ofschool.Thus, the actual situation is that they are not widely used. I came up with the idea that
it would be a good idea to have a kind of free school in schools, although the difficulties
involved in establishing a private free school, etc., could be seen as the need for money andspace.

・Free School System
This section discusses in-school free schools. As an example, I will discuss Yamauchi
Elementary School in Yokohama. The school's in-school free school is located in one of the"special needs classrooms" and is available to students who are behind in their classes or who
have difficulty learning in a group setting, and who are temporarily separated from theirregular classes.It is a place where such children can learn and think and act freely on theirown when they cannot attend classes in a classroom or when they are unable to do so.I
believe that this in-school free school method is effective from the perspective of reducing
the number of children who do not attend school, and as a place where free education can be
developed.

I also looked into in-school free school programs at other schools. At Fukuoka Junior HighSchool, all students who wish to attend are accepted, including those who have concerns or
problems in regular classes and foreign nationals who have trouble keeping up with classes inJapanese. The number of truant students had been gradually decreasing. This led us to believethat an in-school free school would lead to the creation of a place to stay within the schooland prevent students from becoming truants.
But,I thought that each student in that in-school free school often studies alone, anddialogue may be less frequent than in regular classes. In my opinion, dialogue is an importantskill for the future. When I was looking for an education that would allow me to learn freely
while doing dialogue, I came across something called Fresne Education.

・Fresne Education
I will describe what I have researched and thought about Frenet Education. Fresne
Education was started by a teacher named Célestin Fresne in rural France, and has spread not
only in Europe but also in Latin America and Africa. I asked Mr. Junichiro Yamashita of theFrenet Education Research Group via email about the characteristics of Frenet education.

Free composition" is often mentioned as a feature of Fresne Education.
This is not a free-assignment essay.The theme is open-ended, but "free text" is moreaccurate.In other words, the compositions written by the children are the text = learningmaterial.The basis of Frenet education is to learn from living words, not from textbooks set
by the state.
In the past, one of the slogans of Fresne Education was "A printing press in school.With aprinting press in the classroom, the children could produce their own texts.They print themwith their own hands. It means there is work to be done.
Children of different ages learning is not necessarily a must requirement for Fresne
education.However, when there are different age groups of about three grades, learning
occurs among the children and it enriches the learning process.And, it is possible to havechildren of the same age group learning at the same time.
Although it is called "individualized learning," children make their own timetable and learn
at their own pace.Fresne Education's classrooms are very quiet.The students work silently on
their own learning.

In terms of dialogue, we have school cooperatives.

I found that the educational method was very different from that of today's Japan.Fresnay
education method is said to have attracted attention from all over the world because it is agroundbreaking educational method that incorporates "free expression" by the children. The
most appealing thing about Frenet education is its "respect for freedom. I thought that thisappeal could be linked to my theme of more liberal education.

・Frene education learning concerns.
As mentioned above, Fresne education is very free, but to be honest, it is natural that some
may feel that this does not help students acquire academic skills. However, according to a
study conducted by Nagoya University of Commerce and Business, the lowest learning
retention rate is 5% for "lectures''. Simply passively listening to a lecture does not result in ahigh retention rate. The three categories of active learning, "group discussion," "hands-on
experience," and "teaching others," have a high learning effect. Fresne education isconsidered to have great potential for this retention. The individual learning of Fresne
Education is what makes friends meaningful strangers, which in turn creates cooperation andenhances the effectiveness of the program.

・From previous research
According to previous research, the form of frenetics education is

The Fresnese technology is based on the cooperative nature of school life and the collective
discipline of a cooperative school. Fresno technology also flourishes on the basis ofcooperative school life and collective discipline. Some call thisself-management, but it is more appropriate to call it co-management by teachers andchildren, since the role of teachers is also important. Frenet's pedagogy, which emphasizedhandiwork and the development of individual interests and lifestyles, was also effective forchildren who did not understand French or had developmental problems (Nawahara, K.,
Watanabe, Y., 2020).

Frenet was trying to foster democratic and free citizens by guaranteeing free expression andtrusting both children and teachers.I felt that the two words "trust" would ultimately be
important in expanding to free education. Also

Learning that centers on the words and expressions that emerge from children's lives andthemselves is a characteristic of Fresne education, and the learning that extends from these
activities leads to individual exploration and research. Children at Fresne School freely
express what they see, feel, think, and discover. Learning develops based on what is depictedin the essays. The compositions are based on scenes from each child's life, and are recorded
as individual essays, which are presented and discussed with their peers. This may lead tothematic studies in which the children work together on their own exploration and research.
These children's records are kept in a place where they can be seen at all times during their
daily lives, either on a bulletin board or in a booklet, and kept within the reach of thechildren. (Same author as above)

Frenet education can lead to theme learning. I thought it would be good if we could take agood balance between the current lecture-style classes and free time.

Some classes discussed self-governing bodies and purchased the cushions they needed.
"Frenet teaches you how to spend money," Richters said two years ago. There are also
proactive activities by the adults. Some parents held study sessions at school in the evenings,
and some parents built small huts to think about environmental issues, and suggested ways tokeep the huts warm. (same author as above).

Frenet Education also has a different attitude toward parents. There are reports that Fresne
Education has been effective for children who do not understand French and children with
developmental problems. From this, I thought that Fresne Education might also be effective
for children who are not attending school.

3 Conclusion
The first conclusion was to increase the number of in-school free schools and to spread
Fresne education there in order to reduce the number of children who are not attending
school.The most important question was whether or not Fresne Education is suitable forpublic education, and what form it should take. However, it was found that a free atmosphere
has various advantages, such as reducing the number of children who do not attend school,
improving academic skills, and encouraging students to research topics of their own interest.
So what I consider to be the proper form of this education is(1) Expanding the number ofin-school free schools and then offering a choice between regular classes or free schools thatincorporate frenetics education.(2) Pilot the Frenet method in regular classrooms (3)In thecollege entrance examinations, the frenetics pedagogy is put in place from subjects that are
not necessary.(4) Attempt to introduce Frenet education in line with Japanese laws on
education and university entrance exams.These four processes are.
As future research topics, we would like to look more deeply into what actually happens to
the retention of learning ability, which cannot be determined due to the lack of examples of
implementation, and how to overcome this problem with regard to laws on education and theuniversity entrance examination system.
4 References「Career paths for those who have been out of school」<https://www.komei.or.jp/news/detail/20140715_14478>（December 5, 2021）「Summary of the Results of the 2020 Survey on Problematic Behavior, Truancy, and Other
Student Guidance Issues for Students」<https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20201015-mext_jidou02-100002753_01.pdf>（December 5, 2021）「A Study of the Learning Environment in Fresne Education: The Case of Fresne Schools in
the Netherlands and Belgium」‹https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/327125767.pdf›（November 7, 2021）
5 Bibliography「Survey on the Attitudes of Young People (Survey on the Actual Situation Concerning
Withdrawal)」‹https://www8.cao.go.jp/youth/kenkyu/hikikomori/pdf/s4.pdf›（December 5, 2021）「In-school free school initiative at Yamauchi Elementary School. Creating a place forchildren who are not attending school.」‹https://www.fujisakikotaro.jp/blog/activity/entry4915.html›（December 5, 2021）『Chunichi Newspaper』

（December 3, 2021）「Okazaki City Junior High Schools to Have In-School Free Schools」‹https://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/164004›「To realize education that leaves no one behind」‹https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/kyouikusaisei/jikkoukaigi_wg/syotyutou_wg/dai5/siryou2.
pdf›（December 6, 2021）「Effectiveness of Active Learning in the Learning Pyramid」‹https://www.nucba.ac.jp/active-learning/entry-17091.html›（September 17, 2021）「Fresne Education Study Group」‹https://www.freinet.jp/›（October 3, 2021）
6 People I have contacted
・Junichiro Yamashita, Fresne Education Research Association Secretariat
October 4, 2021 - October 9, 2021
・Miho Fujita,NPO Cochleo ForestNPO
November 12, 2021 - November 19, 2021

World Study Reform~Raising of those who have education~
5110

Takuma Osawa

Abstract
Many junior high schools in Japan have a subject selection system called "humanities
and sciences selection". This means that many who choose the humanities lack knowledge inthe sciences, and many who choose the sciences lack knowledge in the humanities. The
number of educated people with a certain level of knowledge in various fields is decreasingin Japan, due to the fact that there is no longer a choice between humanities and sciences, andthe need to accumulate knowledge has decreased due to the development of the Internet.
These effects have put Japan at a disadvantage in the globalization of theworld.Regarding the problem of low demand for the humanities in Africa, we propose thatthe problem be solved by improving laws through ODA and by providing preferential
treatment for overseas study in humanities research. Since this is directly related to theshortage of human resources for law studies, we believe that the development of laws throughODA will improve security and increase the demand for legal human resources. I also
propose preferential treatment for overseas study in humanities research. These are mysuggestions.

1 Introduction
I have long been interested in subject choices, and have been deeply concerned about
what people learn there, and about universities and careers in the humanities and sciences. I
read several online articles about how subject choice in Japan is disconnected from the rest of
the world, so I decided to investigate why this is the case and what subject choice is like inthe rest of the world.
In Japan, many secondary schools have a subject selection system called "Bun-Ri
Selection". If students choose science, they focus on the knowledge required for naturalscience and other subjects; if they choose liberal arts courses, they focus on the knowledge
required for other studies (e.g., sociology, humanities, etc.) These are the definitions of artsand sciences, but conversely, those who choose arts lack knowledge in science and those whochoose science lack knowledge in humanities In other words, those who choose thehumanities lack knowledge of the sciences, and those who choose the sciences lackknowledge of the humanities. We hypothesized (and will discuss later) that these humanities
choices and the development of the Internet, which has reduced the need to accumulateknowledge, may have contributed to the decline in the number of educated people in Japan
who have some knowledge in a variety of fields. We discuss this evidence in more detail in
the next section) (we discuss this evidence in more detail in the study results). By educatedpeople we mean a decline in the number of people who are able to broaden their academic
horizons, see things from multiple perspectives, think independently and comprehensively,
make sound judgments, develop a rich sense of humanity, and situate their knowledge andlives in society. (according to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology) and a decrease in the number of leaders (according to the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology). This is a decrease in the number of leaders. Suchan impact puts Japan at a disadvantage in the globalization of the world.In addition, this study
will similarly investigate and research subject selection around the world.

① the impact and problems ofhumanities selection in Japan and how to improve them, and ② the actual situation and issues
Based on the above, we would like to discussof subject selection in the world and how to improve them.
Research Question‧What are the problems posed by the extreme choices?
‧What is the world's choice of subjects?
Before explaining the methodology of this study, we would like to reiterate thesignificance of this study. In today's world, globalization is progressing and the world is
becoming smaller and smaller. In order to share awareness of issues in this medieval world,
there is a growing demand for human resources with leadership skills. However, my current
theory that the extreme selection of humanities and sciences leads to a decline in the numberof leadership talents may move Japan in a disadvantageous direction in this social change.
Therefore, I thought that by proposing and implementing corrective measures in this study,
the decline in leadership talent could be halted. The same applies to the rest of the world.

2 The way to researchFirst, this research will not only utilize the Internet and literature, but also remote
work and fieldwork (which can be difficult in this day and age). In particular, we intend togather information and research on the impact of the humanities directly as well as frominstitutions that offer course selections, such as the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology. at the universities that students would enroll in if they chose each
option (e.g., the College of Engineering for Science).
We also intend to research subject choices around the world through the Internet, literature,and interviews with experts.
Once we have gathered information, the next step is to formulate a hypothesis. If there
is anything that needs to be improved, we will gather information again, formulate ahypothesis, and test it. By proceeding with this series of steps, we hope to improve theaccuracy of this research. This is our research methodology.

3 Results and Discussion
For this study, we divided the research into developed and developing countries. First,
let's discuss the results for developed countries. In Europe, the United States, and othercountries, there was not as much separation between the arts and sciences. For example,
French high schools offered three elective courses in sociology, literature, and sociology, butduring the Macron presidency, these courses were eliminated due to the bias in favor of eachsubject, creating a wide range of academic disciplines. It is still offered to this day. We
predict that this will allow social and other issues to be shared among the French people in
the future. The reason for this is that a broad range of studies allows for a systematic
understanding of society. However, in Japan today, to this day, many schools force students tochoose between liberal arts and science. As a result, it is difficult to share awareness of theissues in Japan. In fact, until recently, there have been problems such as the existence ofpolitical committee members and people with limited knowledge of the law being victims offraud. We also believe that the lack of human resources who can share the problems may leadto a decrease in the number of leaders. This may be the reason why Japan is said to have a
low international voice. In an increasingly globalized world, the lack of human resources toserve as leaders is a major crisis. Therefore, this problem needs to be solved as soon as
possible.

Next, I will explain the results in developing countries. Currently, developing
countries are focusing on developing human resources in the sciences. This is because thescience and engineering knowledge learned in science is very popular because it leads to
immediate income. The unpopularity of humanities personnel in developing countries is also
a problem. This is because most people do not know much about them, even if they study law
or economics, so there is little demand for them. In addition to this, another reason is thatmost people go to graduate school to learn languages and law thoroughly, and it is difficult to
go to graduate school for economic reasons. Therefore, there is a low demand for humanities
personnel in developing countries. The first reason is the reason for the proposed
ODA-funded legislation. In developing countries, crime rates are higher than in developed
countries and the demand for lawyers and other legal professionals is low because people areless likely to go to court for minor offenses or because the government does not provide
employment for legal professionals . These are the results of our research and discussions.
4 Conclusion
In order to solve Japan's problem of selecting the humanities and sciences, we felt it
necessary to require private universities, which are not currently required to take theCommon Achievement Test, to take the Common Achievement Test in five major elective
subjects. In addition to basic knowledge, the common test can check the ability to think andexpress oneself, which is required in a global society. We thought that adding the Common
Achievement Test to the conditions for receiving management subsidies would alleviate someof the barriers to the rigorous selection of subjects for university entrance examinations.
We would also like to propose that the problem of low demand for the humanities inAfrica be solved through ODA legislation and preferential treatment for overseas study inhumanities research. I thought that this is directly related to the low number of people
studying law, so I believe that by enhancing law through ODA, there will be a movement toimprove public security, which will increase the demand for legal professionals. However,this also raises concerns about the principle of non-interference in internal affairs. We also
propose preferential treatment for overseas study in humanities research. The sole reason forthis is the lack of literary research facilities in developing countries. These are my proposals.
Data on humanities and science selection are relatively scarce. In addition, we havenot been able to conduct sufficient fieldwork and obtain information from experts. Therefore,
I would like to interview people involved in education. These are our future prospects.

5 References
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tits1996/10/8/10_8_43/_pdf[｢社会科学から⾒た⽂理融合の展望｣(11/18)
https://www.asahi.com/edua/article/13850303｢『⽂理分けは⽇本だけ』は本当か？ 隠岐さや⾹‧名古屋⼤教授に聞く｣(11/18)｢全くの無知よりも予備知識がある⽅がフィッシング詐欺にかかりやすい：⽶⼤学研究結果｣(11/18)
https://scan.netsecurity.ne.jp/article/2018/12/13/41734.htm

Photography and LGBTQ~The Power of Photography and Hope~
5111 Hana Oshima
Abstract
I would like to propose a "As It Is Project". This project is based on the OUT IN JAPAN
photography project. My idea of a photography project is that coming out is not the goal. At first, I
was also looking at coming out. However, the percentage of people who do not come out is higher.
That's when I came up with the "As It Is Project. This project is for those who suffer from gender
identity disorder. For one day, they become what they want to be and take a picture of themselves.
The goal of this project is to affirm the person they are, which they have always hidden fromsociety. This allows people to be who they are without having to come out. There are many issues tobe addressed, such as whether the project will attract students, management of personal information,
location of the photo shoot, equipment, and so on.
1 Introduction
The purpose of this study is to use the power of photography to bring some hope to LGBTQ
people. The LGBTQ population in Japan is currently estimated to be between 3-10%. In recent
years, programs showing gay love and words such as "genderless" have become popular, making
LGBTQ people more accessible. However, there are more than a few who find them repulsive.
They may not be able to fall in love and bond in a normal way or have the personality they want.
You may have to give up a lot. But I don't want you to run away from your "love. I don't want you
to give up. With this in mind, I decided to research on LGBTQ people in this year's study. I chosephotography as a means of communicating hope to LGBTQ people.
There are two reasons why I chose this theme. First, I have always loved photography.
Second, I believe that photography has the power to motivate people. For example, in researchingactivities related to LGBTQ people, I found a photography project. The people who were
photographed in the project were really attractive "as they are”. They all had smiles on their faces,
and I wished I could do something with my photos like that. Also, I would like to add that this study
was not intended to oppose or correct those who have anti-LGBTQ views. Therefore, this study will
be conducted with LGBTQ people. The ultimate goal is to take their own photographs anddisseminate them on social networking sites.
As for the research method, I will first research the following three topics before the summer
vacation: (1) basic information about LGBTQ people, (2) activities of LGBTQ people, and (3) theBlack Lives Matter movement as a similarity in terms of "discrimination". During the summer
break, students will practice shooting photos in preparation for the final goal. Also, during thisperiod, students should decide on the theme of what they will be shooting to convey. In addition,
they should also give some thought to the location and subject matter of the photo shoot. If possible,
ask people who have been involved in photography projects about their shooting methods and what
they paid attention to when shooting.
２ Discussion and implications
About LGBTQFirst of all, LGBTQ is an acronym for Lesbian,Gay,

Bisexual,

Transgender,

Queer,

andQuestioning. （The term is also sometimes used
as a generic term for sexual minorities.
LGBTQ Status
We would like to take a look at thefollowing survey conducted by one company tofind out how prevalent "LGBT" is in Japan and how long they have been in Japan. The Dentsu
Diversity Lab, an organization at Dentsu Inc. (headquartered in Minato-ku, Tokyo; Hiroshi Igarashi,
President; hereinafter "the Company") that specializes in research, analysis, and solution
development in the area of diversity and inclusion, in collaboration with the PR Solutions Bureau,surveyed a total of 60,000 people aged 20-59 nationwide in December 2020. The survey was
conducted online regarding sexual minorities, including LGBT people (hereafter referred to as the"LGBTQ+ group*1").
Based on this survey, we would like to look at the penetration rate of LGBT and thepercentage of the LGBTQ+ population in Japan. The results of the survey showed that 8.9% of the
respondents fell into the LGBTQ+ demographic. In addition, the rate is 80.1% ,which increased by
11.6percentage point from the 2018 survey, making it seem as if the term LGBT has become wellestablished over the past three years. However, the challenge was that awareness of various
sexualities (Q+) other than "L, G, B, and T" is still low.
The next look at the LGBTQ population in each country revealed that the United Kingdom
has 2%, France 7%, Germany 11%, and Spain 14%. A ranking of 150 countries in terms of theirfriendliness to LGBTQ+ tourists was also released, with Sweden in the first place, followed by
Canada in the second, Norway in the third, and other Nordic countries Finland in the seventh,
Iceland in the ninth, and Denmark in the 14th. Factors that were used as criteria for the evaluation
included the legal status of same-sex marriage, protection of workers' rights, the existence ofanti-discrimination laws, and the existence of anti-LGBTQ+ laws, some of which do not directly
affect tourism. Sweden has a long history of LGBTQ+ rights and was the first country to legalize
same-sex sexual activity in 1944 and the first to allow legal gender reassignment for transgenderpersons who have completed gender reassignment surgery. Same-sex civil partnerships werelegalized in Sweden in 1995, and same-sex marriage became legal in 2009. A joint study conductedby the Danish Institute for Suicide Prevention and Stockholm University found that suicide rates
among LGBTQ+ people in relationships have dropped significantly in Denmark and Sweden after
these laws were enforced.
In addition, discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender
expression, the most relevant point for tourists, has been illegal since 1987. Conversely, Nigeria andQatar rose as dangerous countries. In Nigeria, homosexuality is punishable by up to 14 years of
imprisonment, and in some states the death penalty is imposed under Sharia (Islamic law).
Discussions of LGBTQ+ rights are also illegal, and in Qatar, which will host the FIFA World Cup
soccer tournament in 2022, homosexual acts are punishable by one to three years' imprisonment,
whipping, or death based on Sharia. As shown above, each country's culture and religion has
different levels of tolerance toward LGBTQ people.
Analysis of non-parties
Dentsu asked 5,685 straight respondents multiple questions asking what they thought about
LGBTQ+ and analyzed the factors into five categories: awareness of issues ,acceptance,feeling of
repulsion,worry over social impact related knowledge.The results are described in Figure 2.
↓ Figure 2

The results were classified into six categories: active supporter, natural friendly,
knowledgeable stranger, misunderstanding-driven, respectful-avoidance, and anti-criticism. The

active supporter group (29.4%) is characterized by a high awareness of the issues, an active
supportive attitude, and a deepened understanding through familiar parties and foreign content. The
Natural Friendly group (9.2%) scored low in knowledge, but were characterized by a relatively highawareness of issues and concern, and a naturally open mind. Knowledgeable strangers (34.1%) haveknowledge, but are characterized by a lack of triggers for a sense of issues, such as not being close
to the people involved, and are status quo voters. The Misunderstood and Misappropriated group(16.2%) is apparently critical due to many misconceptions, such as concerns about negative effects
on society such as the declining birthrate, but they are characterized by their original awareness ofhuman rights. The esteem-avoidant group (5.4%) does not actively criticize, but has little sense of
consideration and avoids involvement. They are characterized by a certain degree of knowledge but
do not perceive it as a challenge. The anti-criticism group (5.7%) is characterized by significant
physiological dislike and concern about the impact on society, as well as a lack of interest in social
issues such as racism and environmental problems. Each of the above six strata has its own
characteristics. The most common group was the "knowledgeable others" group. It can be said fromthis that the number of knowledgeable straight layers is increasing. In addition, there are many
people who have only accumulated knowledge and do not see LGBTQ issues as their own business.
Response by each country
Next, I would like to look at the responses of different countries to LGBT. First, let's look atsame-sex marriage. Canada: Cohabitation and Marriage Act UK: Marriage Act 2013 Netherlands:
Marriage Emancipation Act etc. Japan and Russia are the only G8 countries in the world that do notrecognize marriage or partnership laws as LGBT rights. However, the introduction of same-sex
partnerships, which officially recognize LGBTQ and other sexual minority couples as equivalent tomarriage, by the end of FY2022 has recently made headlines after Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike
announced at a plenary session of the 4th regular session of the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly.
The partnership system has continued to expand since its inception in Tokyo's Shibuya andSetagaya wards in 2015, with more than 130 municipalities now having partnership systems inplace. As of September 30, 2021, there were 2,277 partnerships granted, indicating that many
cohabiting couples were interested in this system.
Coming Out
Survey population: 6,240 individuals aged 20-59 (555 in the LGBTQ+ group/5,685 in thestraight group)
Survey area: Nationwide

Survey date: December 17-18, 2020
Survey method: Internet survey
In the Dentsu LGBTQ survey conducted in themanner described above, 70.2% of respondents
answered, "Compared to previous years, do you
feel that it has become easier to come out as LGBTQ+ to those around you in recent years?"Compared to 2018, the number of respondents who answered "no" increased, while the number of
those who answered "yes" decreased. These results indicate that the environment for coming out isdeteriorating. When asked if they had come out as LGBTQ+, 57.4% said they had not. Some of thereasons given were: "I don't think it is particularly necessary to tell people," "I don't want to be
prejudiced," and "I don't want to make the other person feel uncomfortable. However, we should
not forget that at the same time, there are those who would like to come out.
OUT IN JAPAN
There is a project that has fulfilled the wishes of such people. It
is a photography project called OUT IN JAPAN. This project
spotlights LGBTQ and other sexual minorities in Japan, and aims
to reach 10,000 people in 5 years by having various
photographers take a variety of portraits, including those ofordinary people. The photo on the left is an actual example.
Midori Saito, who has gender identity disorder, says, "Whenminorities speak out, the true shape of the world appears. This
will be the beginning of a society that is better for everyone.
Coming out is not only for oneself. All of the participants in this project express the same wish.
３ Conclusion
I have been researching the topic of photography and LGBTQ. I believe that I have learned
many things about LGBTQ people, their thoughts and feelings, and the state of LGBTQ people
around the world that I did not know before. Therefore, I would like to propose the "photography
project" that I have had in my mind since the beginning of my research.
This project is based on the OUT IN JAPAN project. The difference, however, is that the
subjects of this project are students, and their faces will not be shown, and their names will not bemade public. Also, the purpose of the photography project I have in mind is not to come out. At
first, I was also looking at coming out. But coming out takes a lifetime of courage. And thepercentage of people who don't come out is higher.
That's when I came up with the "As It Is Project”. This project is for those who suffer fromgender identity disorder. For one day, they become what they want to be and take a picture ofthemselves. The goal of this project is to affirm the person they are, which they have always hiddenfrom society. This allows people to be who they are without having to come out. There are many
issues that need to be addressed, such as whether the project will be able to attract students,
management of personal information, locations for filming, and equipment. However, if this project
can be realized, we will be one step closer to the realization of "a society where people can be whothey are”.
４ References
Tokyo Pride: "Same-Sex Marriage Laws" Around the World〈https://pridehouse.jp/world/legislation/marriage/〉 December 8, 2021
Dentsu Do you know what "Q+" in LGBTQ+ is? ~ Latest Survey Report | Web Dentsu〈https://dentsu-ho.com/articles/7788〉 December 8, 2021
Buzz Feed News Over 70% 'Not Coming Out Friendly' Survey Finds 9 Things to Know December
8, 2021
Dentsu Dentsu Conducts LGBTQ+ Survey 2020 - News Releases〈https://www.dentsu.co.jp/news/release/2021/0408-010364.html〉 August 7, 2021
TOKYO RAINBOW PRIDE:What is LGBTQ | Tokyo Rainbow Pride 2022:〈https://tokyorainbowpride.com/lgbt/〉 August 7, 2021
Job Rainbow Why the percentage of LGBT people varies [1 in 13? 1 in 13? 1 in 100? |JobRainbow, an LGBT job hunting and job search site〈https://jobrainbow.jp/magazine/lgbt-percentage〉 April 16, 2021
OUT IN JAPAN CONCEPT - Your shining image will give courage to the next person. | OUT IN
JAPAN〈http://outinjapan.com/concept/〉 April 16, 2021

The Role of Past Literature for The Future〜The Progress Learn and Pass Down〜

5112 Otsubo Ririka

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to protect literary works, to attach new value to past
literary works, and to make people familiar with them. Learning about the past is always
useful for the future. Therefore, for that future, I would like to use past literary works thathave been read as masterpieces. I thought the difference between literature and other arts isthat you have to think for yourself in order to understand the goodness of the work or not.
Some people read past literary works themselves as they get older, but the style ofsentences is difficult and needs time to get used to. Therefore, if you gradually get used to theunique sense of rhythm and sensibility from an early age, fewer people will get discouraged
and stop reading past literature when they reach junior high school age or above, or when
they try to read it. The final proposal is collaboration between literature museums, libraries
and a kind of educational organization, such as kindergartens, nursery schools, andelementary schools.
1 Introduction
These days, the opportunity to tell personal stories or ideas is increasing. Developing
social networking services, self-publishing, literary prize, and publisher accessibility, people
make a topic of conversation with typical books and the titles of them, which are spoken as
people’s topic, they are not always the very same title. However, I wondered if there are any
books our future offspring may read after several years. Just like the books that were written
in the previous Heisei or Showa period, which are read by us now. In other words, Surviving
books. Surviving books have the reason for surviving. The reasons that they have been still
appreciated are their uniqueness, observation, ability to describe, traditional artistry, several
types of universality, and contribution to present literature and society and then all of themcan be the basis for us to read them.
As I read modern Japanese literature avidly, I equipped the flame of the theme,“classical literature : past literature” (this definition includes not only modern literature but
also classical literature) as my mutilation. Moreover, In light of the current situation
described above, I set this theme with the hope that people will become more familiar withclassical literature and pass it on to future generations.
The ultimate goal of this research is to protect past literature and to create anenvironment in which future generations who wish to come into contact with these literaryworks can enjoy them without difficulty. The protection and transmission of literary works
requires a certain amount of funding (support funds, income from museums, etc.), but inorder to stabilize this funding, it is necessary to add new values that will make the city,
prefecture, and nation believe that they are willing to pay some money to protect them, and to
gain support from both the government and the citizens of Japan. We thought that it wasnecessary to create a new value that would make the city, prefecture, and country believe thatthey are willing to pay some money to protect them.

Research methods include, Literature Museum Initiatives, Government initiatives,
Differences from other art cultures, and other differences from other art and culture.
2 Discussion and implications
What are the advantages of literary works (novels, poetry, criticism, essays, etc.)?
There are probably various advantages, but the most significant is the link of emotions withtremendous realism that occurs when we are exposed to a good work, our imagination, andthe future changes in our own lives that will be affected by that work. Some of the positiveeffects that literary works, not limited to those of the past, can have on people include thedevelopment of the ability to think, to know things they did not know, to have virtual life andtravel experiences, and so on. In addition to this, many pre-modern literary works alsostrongly reflect the historical background, thought, and culture of their time. In particular,
works that are called "masterpieces" include many of these elements, as well as a high degreeof universality both horizontally and vertically, and continue to remain in the hearts andminds of people today.
The purpose of this research is to study the possibility of using pre-modern literaryworks not only for entertainment, but also to enjoy stories and become familiar with thediversity of cultures and ideas that differ slightly from country to country, and to see if theseworks can be used to develop human resources who can respond flexibly in an increasingly
diverse society. The research question is how literary works from the past can play a role ineffectively sharing the ideas, history, and culture of each country in order for its citizens torespect their own and other countries' cultures in an increasingly globalized society.
However, when I look at other works of art, I feel that they are somehow more
exciting. I wondered why it is so hard to propagate unlike other arts such as painting, music,
theater dance, etc., even though they are the same "art and culture. I wondered why literature
has not developed as more and more young people enjoy the traditional culture of the past.
Perhaps it is because of the different (if not quite preferable way of putting it) digestion stylesof the works.
Paintings and music are often passive, with the viewer passive before first becominginterested in them. They may happen to see it around town, in an advertisement, or on a TV
show, and may need time to truly understand it there, but they may easily become interested
in it during a short period of time. You become interested in something after seeing it for a
moment, and then you fall deeply in love with it as you come into deeper contact with it
yourself. However, I have the impression that one cannot become interested in literary works
unless one reads, understands, and thinks about the texts from one's own perspective, andthen one realizes how interesting they are. Also, the unique culture they possess is harder tounderstand in literature than in other art fields, whereas other art fields are easy tounderstand.
If a short quotation is to attract the interest of passersby in order to promote a work ofliterature, that one sentence must be very well thought out. (Of course, the exhibition ofpaintings and the music played as background music in daily life also require a great deal ofthought.) It would be quite difficult to find a sentence that is short, easy to read, appealing
enough to attract people's interest, has considerable destructive power, and could easilybecome the crown jewel of a work of art. The beginning of a work is a good place to start, but
it is not always the best place to start.
Famous works of literature are easy to understand. In "Ningen Shikkaku," it is "I have
lived a life of shame," in "Kanikosen" it is "Hey, go to hell! or "The Sun Shines Brightly" in"Gentiles," or "Goodbye is the Only Life" in "Kanshu," which is a little different. For aslightly minor work, "Go," rather than "To the Little One. Be brave. If it is a slightly minor
work, it might be "Go, little one," from "To the little one," "You are really miserable when
you are possessed by the crook called love," from "Onnmi," or "Live, and Fall," from
"Depravity Theory" etc. In the first place, good works have good phrases.
In the first place, there are too many good phrases in a good work to narrow it down to justone. I wish it were as definitive as "Where is the romance?", a phrase from Kotaro Isaka's "Acheerful gang turns the earth". Furthermore, there are some sentences that come alive in theflow of the text, so if they are suddenly tossed out on their own, they do not necessarily
produce the same beauty as if they were in the flow of the text. For example, in Soseki
Natsume's "Dreams of Ten Nights" the words "The color of the water was black" shine
because it is a description of a scene in the moment of regret when the main character jumps
off the boat to enter the water.
And what about works of poetry? There is no doubt that poetry is one of the things that isclosest to people's hearts, but because it is something that is close to their hearts, the works
that are liked by each individual are different. We don't want to cut out only one piece and let
it pass unnoticed when there are other works that are better (for that person).
Moreover, where will this well-thought-out sentence be published? Train stations,bookstores, libraries, or ....... At this point, it becomes a personal endeavor.
But here, I thought of a phrase from a literary work that I remember for some reason. I
think that many of the phrases that strike you when you read a work, good or bad, are ones
that you hear often or are familiar to you, for example. In particular, those that we have
known since childhood are probably still remembered today. There are a certain number ofpeople who remember and can memorize them even though they don't use them at all now,
such as Jugemu. And these are not things that they actively memorized by choosing books ontheir own, but passively (with a few TV programs or storytelling).
For most young children, it is difficult to deeply understand the meaning of the wordsof past literary works, even if they can memorize them. On the other hand, after one begins tolearn classical grammar at school, one realizes that "this is what the word meant at that time,"
and at that moment, the memory of the past connects with the present, and a time trip-likething occurs that completes one's questioning of the past, and one can hope for a flow offeeling that “I see, this is interesting". And I believe that it is possible, in some small way, tomake people interested in the classics, and as they grow up and learn various things, they will
enjoy the feeling of being able to read what they could not read in their childhood andanswering their own memories of the past, and become more familiar with the classics.
This is not limited to reading aloud of literary works. It can occur in a variety offields. Therefore, we thought that the problem would be how to familiarize them in their earlyyears and how to make their memories of literature in their childhood memorable.

3 Conclution
Based on the above, I propose active collaboration between literature centers andlibraries and kindergartens, preschools, and elementary schools. Since the activities ofreading aloud to children are considered to have been ongoing for some time, an approachfrom a different direction may be a good idea. For example, holding and announcing special
exhibitions that elementary school students and younger can enjoy, introducing different
works for lower, middle, and upper elementary school students, creating digest versions ofdifficult works, introducing the author's human touch to dispel the "prestigious" image, and"reading aloud" activities, etc. What kind of activities should we do? We would like toconsider what kind of activities would help children develop an interest in reading without
making them dislike it, or make it easier for children who already love to read to showinterest in reading as well.
I would also like to measure flexible thinking and broadening of ordinary concepts by
exposing children to diverse ideas and cultures from an early age.
Challenges include whether there is a shortage of human resources and whether theschedule will be too burdensome for literature centers and libraries. Basically, we believe thatcurators and librarians do not necessarily need to visit preschools and schools directly. Also,
if there is a nearby literature museum that specializes in the authors of the works worked onin class, the school should definitely take advantage of it.
4 References
Japanese Literature Translated into English
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/159504551.pdf (8/24)
The Place of the Body in the Novel.
https://www.publication.law.nihon-u.ac.jp/pdf/treatise/treatise_103/each/20.pdf (9/27)
Cooperation between Schools and Museums

〈
〈
〈

〉

〉

https://www.bunka.go.jp/seisaku/bijutsukan_hakubutsukan/kenshu/museum_educator_01/pdf/kougi7_1.pdf (7/5)
List of grants and support programs by the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
https://www.bunka.go.jp/seisaku/bunkazai/joseishien/ (7/16)
The Importance of the Body: The Memory of the Body”
http://hotozero.com/feature/eventreport_1/ (7/16)
Why are people attracted to art?
http://hotozero.com/feature/kyodaitalk_13/ (8/24)
Recitation in France.

〉

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〈
〈
〈

〉

〉
〉

https://ir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/files/public/2/23923/20141016144149246465/KokugoKyoiku
Kenkyu_15_73.pdf (9/23)〉

Control Emotion by Color Psychology~For Living Enjoy Every Day~
5113 Okamoto Kyouhei
Outline of study
The purpose of this study is to control one’s emotion by oneself using the effects
which color affect people. From the experiment of The Red and Blue Rooms, the fact that
Opsin is not only on the human eye but also on the human skin is discovered. Therefore, we
can understand that humans can feel color if humans are blindfolded. I consider that it isuseful for my study. However, the role of sight is very important so I think that I should comeup with the idea for stabilizing the color effect. My idea is to wear accessories, especiallywearing bangles because in the experiment, there is a large quantity of color. I think that it isimportant to affect human’s emotion. From that, my opinion is that wearing accessories is thebest solution for my study.
1, Introduction
These days, to continue situation that decreased mood from frequency of people goingoutside become low by to develop internet have risk of stall the economic situation of wholesocial. Therefore, I thought we could devise a way to easily manage our daily emotions, so
the purpose is to make a way to control emotion every day. The best way to raise emotion ismoving but some people think that it is difficult to keep doing. Also, by intense exercise,some people get in bad physical condition.
Therefore I thought that by approaching it from the perspective of color psychology, I
could develop a way to control emotion that could be easily implemented. This involves theresults of the "The Red and Blue rooms" experiment. In this experiment, blindfolded people
were placed in a room with bright red walls and a room with bright blue walls to see what
effect they would have. As a result, differences occurred in the red room and the blue room.
In other words, it was found that the human body can sense colors even without seeing themwith the eyes. In each room, we found that brain activity, cardiovascular activity, emotions,and salivary hormones were affected. We felt that this was an important thing to know aboutliving our daily lives.
Therefore, we tried to use these results to come up with suitable accessories tomanage emotions.

2, Discussion and Implications“The Red and Blue rooms" result was caused by a protein called opsin. This protein
can feel color and most of it is in the eye, and we know that this protein is also found on theskin. The effect of color on us is so many. For example, mourning clothes for funerals andweddings. Black is a color that makes us feel a heavy atmosphere and reminds us of "death.
White gives an impression of brilliance and purity and is suitable for a glamorous setting.
While these are some of the conventions, it affects similar effects in other settings. Therefore,
I surmise that the emotional impact of opsin is significant. In addition, some Japanesecompanies have already divided their meeting rooms into red and blue, depending on thesituation. As a result, the meetings are more likely to develop into the development they arelooking for and less time is wasted.
From the above examples, I thought that although color has a large effect on emotion,
the amount of color required to achieve this effect may also be large. In other words, I
thought that accessories such as bracelets and necklaces might be difficult or impossible toproduce. However, since bracelets and necklaces are mostly chosen according to one's own
tastes and preferences, I also considered that the degree of awareness is greater and the effectis more likely to be produced. Although I have not yet been able to test which hypothesis is
more correct, I will proceed with the latter hypothesis based on our own experience so far.
Based on what we have seen so far, I believe that although accessories can beeffective, they are more likely to be effective if they have a certain amount of area, so I
believe that a bangle analogue would be appropriate for the conditions. Since most bangles
are larger than bracelets and necklaces, and yet they are worn on the arm (mainly the secondarm), they can be made less conspicuous, and I believe that this is in line with our previous
hypotheses.
3, Conclusion
From the above discussion, I conclude that bangles are the most appropriate
accessories for this study.
Although I have reached a conclusion, there are still some unresolved issues thatremain hypothetical, such as whether a stronger awareness of accessories improves the powerof color and how much color is needed to make its effect on the human body visible, which
remains unclear. I intend to examine these issues thoroughly in the future to further solidify
our conclusions.

4, References
・プルチックの感情の輪｜人間の感情は色で分類すると関連性がわかる？ - Web活用術。
(5/6)
・Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions: Feelings Wheel • Six Seconds (5/6)
・アドラー心理学とは？ 【わかりやすく】フロイトとの違い - カオナビ人事用語集(5/6)
・小中学生におけるメンタルヘルスに対するソーシャルサポートの横断的効果(5/27）
・知ってる？色覚も視野も大人と全く違う！子どもの世界の見え方とは(5/27)
・「色」は目を閉じている状態ではわからない。マルかバツか？？
(6/3)
・ストレスに強くなる色がある？カラーセラピーで心メンテナンスしよう | 保育のお仕事レポー
ト(6/3)
・視覚センサー遺伝子の適応と進化多様性(6/3)
・ The Red and Blue Rooms affect to Brain Activity, Cardiovascular Activity, Emotion and
Saliva Hormone in Women(9/9)

School Bags for Children in the World~Equal Learning with School Bags~5114 Ojima Mayuko
Abstract
In Japan, going to school is a normal part of our life. However, there are somechildren who can’t go to school for some reason in the world, especially in developing
countries. For example, There are economic problems, lack of facilities or teachers, or notunderstanding the importance of education and so on. Then I decided to focus on reducing
the number of children who cannot go to school due to parental beliefs such as "girls do notneed education," and came up with the idea of distributing schoolbags. In conclusion, I
wanted to deliver "bags created with ideas from bags made for children in developing
countries" to children in Saharan Africa and Central and South Asia.
１ Introduction
I learned that many children in other countries, especially in developing countries,
are unable to go to school, even though in Japan it is common for them to be able to go toschool. I thought that all people should have access to education because not being able to go
to school means not being able to read, not being able to get information necessary for health,
not being able to get a stable job, and eventually their children's generation will also not beable to go to school or receive education, which will lead to a spiral. I once participated in an
activity to donate school backpacks used for six years in elementary school to Afghanistan,where I found that school backpacks are a sign that a child has gone to school, and that the
distribution of school backpacks in the area is a good opportunity for the children to go toschool. For this reason, I chose this theme because I wanted to focus on school bags to help
people around the world gain access to education.
The research question was "What is the most suitable schoolbag for children indeveloping countries who cannot go to school to be able to go to school? ”

2 Discussion and Implications

Many children who cannot go to school are in Africa, Central and South Asia, where
there are many developing countries. The number of children who are out of school is thehighest in Saharan Africa, with 20 percent of children in Saharan Africa out of school. In
addition, more than 35 percent of children in Saharan Africa and 15 percent of children inCentral and South Asia do not attend secondary school.

In addition, in areas where many children are unable to attend school, many students
will not have the minimum necessary learning skills ("basic reading, writing, and mathskills," according to the ODA e-newsletter). This leads to a negative spiral of poverty, as they
become disadvantaged by not being able to work, get a good job, or get the information theyneed to make a living, and then their children inherit the poverty and need to work, whichleads to them not being able to go to school.

The main reasons why children cannot go to school are that they have to work for thefamily to do chores or fetch water, they cannot pay for school fees and materials due topoverty, they cannot safely attend school due to natural disasters or conflicts, there are notenough schools or teachers, or because they are girls. A lot of girls can not go to school
because their parents think that education is not necessary for girls, girls should get married
and give birth as soon as possible, and schools don’t have the equipment for girls.

Focusing on the lack of education for girls, the "JOICFP Foundation" has beenworking to donate school bags used and donated in Japan to Afghanistan under the name of"Randoseru (School Bags) Gift of Memories". Each school bag is distributed equally to men
and women, regardless of color or other factors. The photo below shows the distribution ofschool bags to children in Afghanistan.

Although no accurate data is available on the number of children and the number ofchildren attending school in developing countries, according to JOICFP, there are parents
who believe that their children, regardless of gender, do not need education, and many
parents believe that girls in particular do not need education. By distributing school bags
equally to all children, parents who thought that their children did not go to school or did notneed to go to school are changed, and parents feel that their children should go to school
carrying the school bags that they have received. In addition, by distributing randoseru(school bags) to children throughout the area, children carrying randoseru become a marker
of children who are going to school, and even parents who thought education was notnecessary can create a trend for their children to go to school by knowing that children fromother families are carrying randoseru and going to school. However, while there is a current
need for about 60,000 school bags, only about 10,000 have been collected through donationsin Japan, which is still not enough. Some students use tattered plastic bags to get to and fromschool. The plastic bags tear easily, and even the textbooks and stationery get dirty, which candiscourage children from learning.
Many foreign countries use backpacks similar to Japanese school bags, or handbags,
or bags that are both backpack and handbag types. There were also countries such as the U.S.,
where children go to school empty-handed, and Mexico, where children carry their textbooksby hand.

The "Repurpose school bag" made by "Repurpose" is made from 100% recycledresources and is environmentally friendly. The most unique feature of the bag is the small
solar panel attached to the bag. The child only needs to carry the bag to school to generate
electricity. Then, when they get home, they can use the electricity stored in the panel to lighttheir way in the dark.
In developing countries, there is a problem that even if a child can go to school,
he/she cannot study at night because there is no electricity back home. However, byilluminating their homes with these bags, children can study even at night, thereby expanding
the scope of their education. The bags are all colorful and designed to please children.
Furthermore, the bags themselves are sturdy and designed to withstand long commutes toschool.

Also, "YELO" is a combination of a school bag and a study desk. This item wasdesigned for students in developing countries such as India who attend school in rural areas
without electricity and study on the floor. It is also ergonomically designed to help users
maintain their posture. It has an LED (Light-Emitting Diode) light that is powered by solar
energy and can be used for six to eight hours on a single charge. Prayas Innovation, the makerof the YELO, is providing this item to India free of charge.

Spreading donations of school bags to developing countries should be promoted, but
it is difficult to donate them because they are expensive and full of memories as adisadvantage. However, some people said that the procedures for donating school bags arecumbersome, so we would like to think about how to deal with this problem. In parallel with
this, we wanted to spread the use of bags other than school bags such as "YELO" to children
in developing countries who cannot attend school.
According to Prayas Innovation, the YELO Backpack is currently distributed free ofcharge only to poor children in India. Prayas Innovation said that the bags are currently
distributed free of charge only to poor children in India, and that the company would need tofind a sponsor company to help fund the project and to promote it to children in othercountries, especially in developing countries.
3 Conclusion
In answer to the research question, I got the idea from bags made for children indeveloping countries, such as the "YELO backpack" and the "Repurpose use bag," fromwhich I improved the lightness, material, and color of the bag. Some people said that even if
the bag can generate electricity, it is dependent on the weather, so if the weather is bad, thebag cannot generate electricity, making it impossible for the students to study.
We will first consider the necessary elements for bag production, and then contact
school bag companies in Gunma Prefecture to discuss the production process and negotiatewith them for cooperation.
We also need to raise a large amount of funds for the production and distribution of
the bags. We are considering the possibility of raising funds through crowdfunding, but wewould also like to consider other methods of fundraising. And if possible, we would like toconsider institutionalizing the program because we think it is necessary to provide sustainablesupport to poor children around the world who are unable to receive an education.
When distributing the bags, we would like to distribute them to Afghanistan and othercountries where donations of school bags for children are being made but there is currently ashortage, and then distribute them to other countries.
In addition, we also received feedback from people who are willing to donate schoolbags but feel that it is a hassle to do so.
4 References
Unilever Sustainable Living Young Entrepreneur Awards2014<https://www.changemakers.com/sustliving2014/entries/rethaka-pty-ltd> (November 5,
2021)
Children in developing countries have been waiting for a bag like this! Repurpose school bag,a school bag that generates electricity while going to school<https://eedu.jp/blog/2014/12/05/repurpose-school-bag/>(November 5, 2021)
What is Crowdfunding? <https://camp-fire.jp/crowdfunding>(December 15, 2021)
Prayas Innovation< http://www.prayasinnovation.com/> (August 27, 2021)
The Gift of School Bags of memories<https://www.joicfp.or.jp/jpn/donate/support/omoide_ransel/>(May 12, 2021)

Children in developing countries have been waiting for bags like these! Repurpose school
bag," a school bag that generates electricity while commuting to school<https://eedu.jp/blog/2014/12/05/repurpose-school-bag/ >(June 30, 2021)
Bags used by children are transformed into solar-powered glowing desks!
<https://earthjournal.jp/technology/455/>(June 9, 2021)
UNICEF T-NET NewsLetter: The severe situation of girls' education:<https://www.unicef.or.jp/kodomo/teacher/pdf/sp/sp_54.pdf> (July 12, 2021)
World Terakoya Movement - Federation of UNESCO Associations in Japan<https://www.unesco.or.jp/activities/terakoya/> (July 12, 2021)
ODA E-Newsletter No. 420, May 22, 2020
<https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/mail/bn_420.html> (July 8, 2021)
School Bag from around the world< http://www.randoseru.gr.jp/kaigai/kaban.html> (January 16, 2022)

Revolution by “Price-Reduced Foods” - "The Reduced" is not Only for
Households
Iku Katsuyama, Class 5-1, Number 15
Abstracts
Since I was a small child, I often accompanied my mother on her shopping, and I liketo visit supermarkets. Therefore, I decided to do research related to supermarkets.
Supermarkets are often mentioned as a place where "food loss," which is currently a major
problem, is generated. Therefore, I thought that if supermarkets could spread their efforts to
reduce food loss, it would affect consumers, and food loss reduction could be achieved fromboth the food retailer's and the consumer's sides. In fact, supermarkets have various
regulations regarding sales and problems such as unsold products, and in order to solve these
problems, various efforts are being made at each supermarket, such as turning food residues
into fertilizer for livestock, improving the image of "price -reduced food," and cooking
surplus food and distributing it to local residents. However, the consumer's ingenuity is notenough. However, I was unable to obtain much information on the ingenuity of consumers, so
this year I decided to conduct research from the perspective of consumer awareness. In
particular, I focused on the existence of "price -reduced food," and came to the conclusionthat one solution would be to dispel the negative image of “price -reduced food” and create apositive impression of buying leftovers.
Introduction
Since I was a small child, I often accompanied my mother shopping, and I liked tovisit supermarkets. Therefore, I decided to conduct research related to supermarkets.
Supermarkets are often mentioned as a place where "food loss," which is currently a major
problem, occurs. Therefore, I thought that if I could spread the efforts to reduce food loss
from supermarkets, it would serve as a call to action for consumers, and food loss reduction
could be achieved from both the food retailer's and the consumer's sides. In last year's
research, I learned that supermarkets are taking initiatives such as food recycling andmanaging expiration and consumption dates with IoT systems. In addition to this, this year I
decided to focus on efforts that consumers can make and set this theme.
Means(Semester 1) I will consult domestic and international literature. The keywords will befocused on "food loss," "supermarkets," "special offerings," and "nutrition education.
(Until around summer vacation) I will contact stores in Japan that are implementing somekind of innovations regarding “price -reduced food” corners, and ask about the contents of
the innovations, their intentions, and future prospects.
(2nd semester) I will compare store and consumer attitudes toward "price -reduced food" inother countries with those in Japan, using literature from outside of Japan. Also, think about
overall issues and how to solve them by themselves based on interviews, etc.
(Winter break - 3rd semester) I will propose my own ideas to supermarket stores at least inJapan and, if possible, outside of Japan, and ask for their opinions.
Discussion and Implication
First, I looked at the causes of food loss. Supermarkets, convenience stores, and otherretailers have a "one-third rule”. This is a business practice between wholesalers and retailers
that requires wholesalers to deliver products to retailers before the expiration date is less than
two months, and it has been pointed out that this has been a major factor in increasing foodloss. In addition, one of the things I heard in our interview with the Apita Takasaki store wasthat damaged products and expired foods and consumption dates are among the causes offood loss. These factors have resulted in food loss of about 1.3 billion tons per year
worldwide as of 2017, and about 6.12 million tons per year in Japan alone. The breakdown is2.84 million tons from households and 3.28 million tons from supermarkets and other stores.
Next, I will state about the efforts of each store to reduce food loss that occurs basedon these factors. In terms of product management, for example, there was the introduction ofa digital system that sends out notifications when expiration and consumption dates areapproaching and when it is time to discount. In addition, each store set up a special corner inthe storefront to call for food loss reduction, held price reduction sales at department storesfor items such as gifts and brand-name products, which many retailers are reluctant todiscount, and participated in food drive activities. In particular, local production for local
consumption is very important. By using locally produced food at local stores, not only isfood loss reduced, but the producers are also thanked and a better atmosphere is created in thecommunity. In addition, there were some initiatives outside of the stores that were also
informative. This is being done by a company called Imagawa Co. in Imagawa City, Kagawa
Prefecture. First, in the stores, all perishable foods that are close to their expiration date areconverted into prepared foods. The supermarket's ideal is local production for local
consumption, and it also provides vegetables to the Setouchi Zero Yen Kitchen, an event held
once a month in which volunteers cook food from surplus ingredients and serve it to local
residents. In addition, as of fiscal year 2009, a plan was in the works to combine childcare
support with the zero yen Kitchen, and to provide a place where all consumers could
participate with the awareness that they are on the side of reducing food loss.
One supermarket that is working to reduce food loss is UNY Co. UNY is engaged in
an initiative called the Food Recycling Loop. Under this system, food residues generated instores are used by farmers as fertilizer, and the crops and livestock grown there are then soldas products in stores again. In addition, as part of its CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)
activities, the company has been weighing the amount of food waste at each discharge site
since fiscal 2003. In addition, the company once collaborated with a local university to
conduct nutrition education activities. If such dietary education activities could be
implemented in stores, I believe it would be possible to spread the movement toward efficient
food loss reduction. On its website, "Ecolo Press" also introduced food loss reduction andother environmentally friendly initiatives. As for nutrition education activities insupermarkets, an organization called "Five-a-Day Association" was examined as an example.
The main activities there are about the intake of vegetables and fruits.
However, these efforts are the part of supermarkets and are difficult to convey toconsumers. When I looked into initiatives that would allow consumers to contribute to the
reduction of food loss, the existence of "price -reduced food" caught our attention. The
concept of "price -reduced food" is to sell food products that are close to their expiration or
consumption dates at a discount. I thought that purchasing "price -reduced food" would not
only reduce the amount of food wasted as food loss, but also change the way consumers
purchase food if they were only aware of this kind of initiative. However, from our visits tovarious supermarkets and from Internet postings, I found that the issue of "price -reduced
food" and "price -reduced food" corners do not have a very positive image. First of all, since"price -reduced food" are foodstuffs that are close to their expiration date, they have been on
display for some time. As a result, many of them have wrinkles on the outer bags or, if they
are perishable foods, they are not fresh enough. In addition, the display methods are often
cluttered compared to other products, and the height of the display shelves is not high enoughto show the products to customers, or the products are often hidden from view. These pointsmake many consumers reluctant to purchase "price-reduced foods", and if this negative
image is fixed, not only will they lose interest in food loss, but also more consumers will be
reluctant to buy such products. Here, I would like to focus on the literature from overseas.
There have been studies overseas that link food loss and special offers. In the article"Consumer behavior toward price-reduced suboptimal foods in the supermarket and therelation to food waste in households," it was found that consumers who purchase productswith price as an important consideration are more likely to purchase suboptimal foods thanthose who do not. The paper, "Consumer behavior toward price-reduced suboptimal foods inthe supermarket and the relation to food waste in households," found that consumers whopurchase products on price tend not to waste more food than those who do not and tend to
make more optimal food choices. In addition, fewer people in higher income brackets andsingle-person households place more importance on price, while those who are older andhave higher levels of education tend to place more importance on price. This suggests thatretailers and governments need to be encouraged to support both the sale of near-expired
foods at low prices and their subsequent actual consumption by households. Studies have also
been conducted in Japan on the relationship between foregone products and food loss. In their"Analysis of Consumers Purchasing Shared Foods Using POS* Data" (2020), Yuka Yoshida
et al. (2020) (*POS:Point Of Sales) found that the most frequently purchased special
offerings were those that require little time and effort to prepare, such as prepared foods, cut
vegetables, and sushi, and that they are usually eaten and bought when they run out,
especially sweet breads and bananas. In many cases, the types of items are sold not only as
specials but also at regular prices. In addition, the stores targeted in this study have a large
number of customers before 6:00 p.m., and by delaying the timing of discounting after 7:00
p.m., when the number of customers is low, they are also trying to increase the number of
products that can be sold at regular prices. This suggests that the items that sell well as
special offerings and are expected to be consumed reliably are prepared foods such as
prepared foods and sweet breads, and foodstuffs that do not require much time and effort toprepare, such as bananas. The retailers are also responsible for offering discounts at the righttime and at the right price.
I would like to introduce some examples of food loss reduction efforts using pop-ups
and stickers in Japan. For example, Apita in Keyaki-Walk Maebashi had a relatively large
food loss corner with posters and other materials related to food loss. The bright color schemeof the displays gave a pleasant impression. From this, I believe that "fun" is the key toimproving the image of the food-loss corner. In particular, many children may enjoy buying
small items little by little with their own pocket money, as if they were in a candy store.
Targeting children would also lead to food education at an early stage. In addition,
Kagoshima Prefecture has made the existence of discounted products more familiar byoffering an initiative in which customers receive points for purchasing food items with a
discount sticker, which they can accumulate to exchange for other food items or receive
shopping coupons. In addition, a campaign to reduce waste due to expiration dates by taking
products from the front of the line, known as "temae-tori," is spreading across the country. In
this way, even casual actions by consumers can often make a big difference in reducing foodloss. In addition, in order to realize the idea that we make the place fun, it may be effective to
make mascot characters which spread information about food-related problems. What I
believe is important is to make people aware that they are contributing to the reduction offood loss. Also in order to help children develop this awareness, I have focused on hero andheroine characters. When children see those characters at a supermarket, they can think thatbuying those foods and thinking about food loss are good things and that they can contributeto society. It can be said to be effective because many countries have characters to help
consumers have awareness of food waste.

The picture on the right is "Becky," the mascot character of the Netherlands. In the
Netherlands, they emphasize the aspect of food storage. She gives us a lot of useful advice,especially on how to keep food in our house, on YouTube and other media. Pictured on theleft is the Hong Kong character.The characters are actually "Big waster" characters, whothemselves create a lot of food loss, but in this campaign, they are gradually encouraged byconsumers around them to reduce their food loss. In Hong Kong, a large event on food loss
was held in 2018, and this character was advertised in various media as part of the event.

Conclusion
Even if we speak of "food loss" in a single word, its occurrence is complicated byvarious causes, including problems on the part of consumers and problems on the part ofretailers. Even though retailers have made major efforts to reduce food loss, consumer
behavior has also been cited as a problem in supermarkets, such as taking products from theback of the display shelves, discarding large portions of vegetables, and discarding products
as soon as they expire. Reducing the number of items on display in order to reduce losses
could also worsen the efficiency of that store and lead to a decline in its reputation. What we
can do now is to continue to keep "consumer awareness" high. In addition, I would likesupermarkets and other retail outlets to consider flexible measures to eliminate large-scaledisposal, such as recycling as fertilizer or giving food that cannot be sold but is still edible
enough to be given to nearby facilities for school children, as well as periodic review andrelaxation of regulations, in order to eliminate large-scale disposal. I would like you to
consider such measures.
With these things in mind, I conclude in this way. When we focus on upgrading the“price-reduced corner”,the system in which supermarkets can act centrally and actively. Itmeans retailers ,which is an association that knows about the actual situation very well, areable to play an important role.The important point here is that "supermarkets will play acentral role. They should do a lot of activities like regulation of food recycling, andadvertising including making mascot characters, and at the same time, by calling for local
administration to support them, the action will spread widely and as a result, it will be aworld-wide activity. Problems that arise in this process, such as supermarket labor shortages
and inventory adjustment errors, can be solved more easily through collaboration among thevarious supermarkets.In this sustainable system, we probably connect the spirit of nutrition
education, and then , reduction of food waste will be able to be realized.

References
PapersYuka Yoshida, Takashi Yoshino, Takashi Takashi, Yoshie Matsuyama, Hiroshi Onishi,
Tsuyoshi Onishi (2020) "Analysis of Consumers Purchasing Shared Foods Using POS Data”.
https://ipsj.ixsq.nii.ac.jp/ej/?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_view_main_item_detail&item_id=202820&item_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=8

Consumer behavior towards price-reduced suboptimal foods in the supermarket and therelation to food waste in households Jessica Aschemann-Witzel Jacob Haagen Jensen
Mette Hyldetoft Jensen Viktorija Kulikovskaja 2017

WEB URL 「site name」（viewed date）
http://jsmcwm.or.jp/edit/kurashi/10/072fukuoka.pdf
Masako Fukuoka, "Let's go beyond the expiration date with wisdom and ingenuity," Specially
Appointed Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty ofEngineering, Osaka Institute of Technology (July 3, 2022).
https://hyenasclubs.org/?p=26403&page=2"Exciting! One hundred views of price reduction corners in supermarkets" (2022.7.3)
https://blogs.mbc.co.jp/sdgs/cat_company/129/
Kagoshima SDGs with Everyone: To Reduce Food Loss" (2022.7.3)
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/pr/aff/2010/spe1_01.html
Understanding the Current Situation of Food Loss: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries "Sustainable Food Education by Promoting the SDGs! (2022.7.8)
https://www.shoku-megu.com/2019306772309/"Promoting Nutrition Education" is newly added to the SDG Action Plan 2019! (2022.7.15)
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/iderumi/20180411-00083836/

The "Supermarkets: Don't Throw Away Food, Stay Loose, Slim, and Long," Natural Way of
Making Prepared Foods and Zero-Yen Kitchens "For a Tolerant Society" (2022.9.4)
https://www.c-c-j.com/course/food/syokuiku/column/column01/
What is Nutrition Education? The benefits of learning and how to educate children and makeit useful at home" (2022.9.7)
https://ppih.co.jp/csr/sustainability/environment/uny_report/2020.pdf
UNY Environmental Communication Report 2020" (2022.9.14)
Hong Kong: Reducing Food Waste by Raising Awareness | Global Opportunity Explorer(2023.1.12)
https://www.agassizharrisonobserver.com/news/move-over-pee-and-poo-new-mascots-coming-to-metro-vancouvers-food-waste-program/ (2023.1.12)
https://www.treehugger.com/netherlands-reducing-household-food-waste-5094325（2023.1.21）

A Small Library Delivering Learning~The Contribution to Improve the Rate of Literacy~
5116 Konishi Misuzu
Abstract
Now in the world, there are about 750 million children who are illiterate. It means a lot ofchildren can’t read words. There are various problems caused by illiteracy, and I thought I wanted to
do something for those children. That is because I felt the importance of breaking through the current
situation that children who were about the same age as me were not given the opportunity to learn.
Pictures are a good tool that people all over the world can understand without languages. Therefore I
use picture books in my study.
While the main proposition of mobile libraries may not be effective in the long run, the primary
aim of this study is to help children who are illitate. I also want to create an opportunity to notice thejoy of learning. There are some conclusions from this study. First, the introduction of mobile libraries
to contribute to increasing literacy. Second is to reuse temporary housings to create living bases forvolunteers, mainly in poorer countries. However, I found additional problems so I need to work out
solutions even more.

1.Introduction
Because they are illiterate, they sometimes get into dangerous areas without reading the notice
which warns them not to enter and they are involved in accidents. In addition they cannot get stablejobs and their lifestyles become unstable.
Currently there are a lot of activities in developing countries and I was interested in one example,
which was named “Shanti Volunteer Association''. This group sent mobile libraries to Myanmar andthey ran them there. To refer to this precedent in my study I adopted the way of using mobile libraries.

2.Discussion and implications

https://globe.asahi.com/article/11730610
To look into supporting picture books, I found out that a project by NPO to send 2,000“picture books without words” to Cambodia was carried out in the past. Children who cannot readwords are the main targets. Therefore it is important for them to listen to words they know andassociate them with words. In many areas, picture books are used as part of early childhood education,and storytelling or reading picture books when brain development is remarkable is very useful for brain
development and they can learn many things.
However, it is difficult for illiterate children to understand picture books by connecting words
and illustrations without people who read the book for children and the current problem is how to
recruit readers. If the meaning of the words written in some notices cannot be recognized visually,
there is a possibility of getting involved in an accident without understanding the notices. To do this,they need to be able to read as well as listen and speak. This is also necessary for getting a stable job.
Therefore, in this program, it is necessary to write the words in the picture book in the local language,
or in several languages ​if the mobile library goes around several countries.
The issue is “who translates the words into the local languages ​in the picture book”. Because
I intend to do this activity as a volunteer work, I cannot afford to spend a large amount of money, and
it is necessary to consider the source of the money and the method of donation. Looking at the official
languages ​of the countries with the lowest literacy rates, Benin is French, Senegal is French (somepeople use other languages), and Bangladesh is English. I worried that there were few people in Japan
who majored in and studied the official language of the country where I wanted to run the mobile
library, but it turned out that popular languages such as English and French in these countries. Sincemany Japanese students are majoring in these languages, it is expected that the number of participants
will increase. In addition to recruiting people who will translate the texts for such people, I would like torecruit volunteers such as reading picture books on site.
However, given the current situation of the shortage of local teachers, it is quite difficult togather volunteers. Since it is necessary to create an activity base such as a house for volunteer
participants, I would like to propose the construction of temporary housing on site. We would like toincrease the number of participants by preparing a place for local activities. For the first step, it willneed funds and personnel.

https://sva.or.jp/wp/?p=12808 Shanti Volunteer Association
Among the information gathering, there was a project that an organization called ShantiInternational Volunteer Association makes picture books and delivers them to children in Asia. In mostof the previous projects, instead of drawing pictures and making a book from scratch, the work was toput a translation sticker on an existing picture book. The problem raised by this volunteer associationthat we used as a reference is the aging of volunteer participants and the shortage of manpower.
３.Conclution

I found it important to think of ways to increase the number of volunteers who can participate
from home. As one of the activities that attracts the interest of young people, the story, illustration
creation, and text translation are all done by hand to create a completely original picture book. Also, if
volunteers produce a book, it is necessary to print it as a paper medium. Therefore, I am thinking ofcollaborating with a Japanese publishing company to create books and sell good picture books to thegeneral public in Japan as a source of income. Funds obtained from general sales can be used for thenecessary funds for this research. Under this plan, publishers are to cooperate with charity activities,
so they will be advertised by the publishers with positive status such as "I cooperate with such charity
activities". If the book sells, the publisher will make a profit. Therefore, working with publishers ismutually beneficial. However, I suspect that sales of picture books cannot reach the necessary funds,
so online donations will also be necessary.
As mentioned before, the shortage of local labor is currently a problem, and there are areas
where there are no teachers even though schools and other facilities. Therefore, the first thing I should
focus on is resolving the labor shortage. One factor behind the labor shortage is the lack of volunteer
activities. Then I propose the reuse of temporary housing. The temporary housing will be used as aliving base for volunteers and as a small library (For example, it will be put on next to an elementary
school). This plan can realize efficient recycling without the cost of disposal.
However, even with this plan, various costs such as the costs of carrying temporary housingsto the site, and they cannot be used for a long time.

↑Temporary housings in Miyazaki prefecture which were used after Great East Japan Earthquake
４．References
https://www.sigma-staff.co.jp/column/column128.shtmlThe merit of reading of picture book to children
2022.05.13
https://www.onamaeseal.jp/blog/picture-book/ The importance of education with picture books
2022.05.13
https://www.worldvision.jp/children/poverty.html The poverty and children all over the world
2022.05.13
https://www.apiste.co.jp/column/detail/id=4575 The problem of the education gap in the world
2022.05.13
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/education/4087/ A serious educational issue in the world 2022.06.03
https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/af_edu/j_torikumi.html Japanese efforts for the field of education
2022.06.03
https://eleminist.com/article/1252 The literacy rate of the world 2022.06.03
https://readyfor.jp/projects/diversityworld-ehoncaravan The support of education to Cambodia
2022.06.03

https://note.com/sarthakshiksha/n/nb0397d4f9edc
The reason you should not send picture books to developing countries 2022.06.03
https://globe.asahi.com/article/11730610 A motorbike library 2022.06.03
https://sva.or.jp/wp/?p=12808 Shanti Volunteer Association 2022.06.03
https://sva.or.jp/ehon/ Shanti Volunteer association 2022.60.63
https://yadokari.net/minimal-life/41173/ Libraries which can be used wherever 2022.06.17
http://www.atago-body.co.jp/products/mobile_library/ A track library 2022.06.17
https://www.sapesi-japan.org/mobilelibrary/why-mobilelibrary.html A mobile library in South America
2022.06.17
https://digital-narcis.org/information_society/vol11/nakayama.pdf 2022.06.17
https://current.ndl.go.jp/ca1866 The role of mobile library after Great East Japan Earthquake
2022.06.17
https://www.city.uruma.lg.jp/sp/voice/c/2/d/1868 A mobile library 2022.07.08
https://donate.united-earth.jp Give opportunities to children to read picture books! 2022.07.08
https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/kids/ranking/illiteracy_h.html Countries with low literacy rate2022.07.08.
https://myethicalchoice.com/journal/sustainable/literacy-rate/ What is literacy rate? 2022.07.08
https://cs-cz.facebook.com/events/r-startupstudio/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E5%8B%9F%E9%9B%86-%E7%9F%B3%E5%B7%BB%E4%BB%AE%E8%A8%AD%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A
7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88/439242903644564/ About temporary housing at the time of the Great East
Japan Earthquake 2022.07.15
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14794802.2012.657437
Developpinga framework for the evaluation of picture books that support kindergartners’ learning ofmathematics 2022.07.15
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:213296/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Who Does the Mobile Library Reach？ 2022.07.15
https://src.lafargeholcim-foundation.org/dnl/6c13f94d-1259-4ce2-88bc-57b16352315d/F07-WK-Te
mp-johnson02.pdf Strategies for the reuse of Temporary Housing 2022.09.09
https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1573387452292186240 Reuse the temporary housing 2022.09.09
https://joea.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/pdf/2011_09_csr.pdf Utilizing own company’s reuse indeveloping countries 2022.09.16
https://question.realestate.yahoo.co.jp/knowledge/chiebukuro/detail/11131984531/
The cost of building temporary housings 2022.10.07
https://www.nhk.or.jp/politics/articles/lastweek/55306.html The current situation of temporary
housigs after a big earth quake 2022.10.07

Establishment of circular online learning~Toward a world where every child in the world can learn~
5117 Kei Kondo
Abstract
Online learning is now becoming popular in China, the U.S., and other countries, andwe can have a positive impact on the world by searching for higher quality online learning. It
is also necessary to think in terms of internet devices and wi-fi environment equipment. Japan
has developed ICT technology, and we need to make use of it in the world.
1 Introduction
I knew that the overall level of achievement of middle and high school students wasdecreasing these days, and I wanted to achieve the SDGs' "4 quality education". I have avideo-based online learning system that I find very convenient and easy to use, and I thought
it should be popularized. I have also wondered if online learning could be used for schoolclasses and have been thinking about whether online learning should be used. Last year, wespent a year researching the theme of "Current Status and Problems of Online Learning," butfound that online learning in Japan is hardly popular, and we are unable to draw conclusions
about what we should do in the future, because we would like to consider ways to achieve
cyclical online learning in order to achieve high quality online learning in the future.
2 Discussion and implications
An e-learning system is an information system for e-learning and generally consists of"teaching and learning materials" and "learning control system". The term "e-learning" byitself, not including the system, may also mean an information system for e-learning. The
users of an e-learning system are expected to be learners and teachers, and the functions forlearners and for teachers are different. Many e-learning systems have a "system manager"
who supports the learning and teaching activities of the system. The minimum necessary
elements for an e-learning system are "teaching and learning materials" and learners, which
can be seen in a self-learning system. A special example of a self-learning system is the useof a trial tutorial function. Tutorials are intended to allow users to learn how to use theprogram by following on-screen instructions and performing other tasks.

The learning control system in an e-learning system manages the storage andarchiving of teaching and learning materials by teachers and others, the appropriate deliveryof teaching and learning materials to learners, and learners' learning histories and results ofquizzes, drills, and exam questions in an organized manner. Learning control systems areused to help track the results of large numbers of students. Learning control systems are used
as an effective means of providing an education in place of or in addition to interview-basedclasses in schools, and for providing education to employees in companies. The learning
control system also functions as a learning site for learners, who login from the learning
control system to perform a whole set of actions, such as learning and exams.As acomplement to the learning control system, an online information board for communication
between teachers and students is often provided as a function of the learning control system.

3 Conclusion
I have considered how to solve the problem.First is to create a wi-fi environment.One
reason why online learning is not popular is the Internet environment, which is the reason
why we have developed this method. I think it is important to make it possible to hold classes
even when the environment is bad. Second, the government and the local government
distribute to the students what they need for their classes. We do not have what is necessary
for online learning to be able to allow all students to take part in the class. I want to create
value in new learning styles by introducing new ideas and technologies to online learning andmake an impressive difference in society.
4 References
Progress and challenges in practical research on e-Learning Retrieved April 21, 2021
www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/arepj/53/0/53_156/_pdf

Is online education the future of college? Retrieved April 24, 2021
www.cshe.nagoya-u.ac.jp/publications/journal/no2/10.pdf

Educational effects of online classes using streaming technology Retrieved June 24, 2022
①https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2002.808271②https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2004.825513③https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2002.804395④https://doi.org/10.1109/13.940995

Declining Malnutrition in Insect Food
~Help for developing countries children~
5118 Saito you
Abstract
Many people in the world are starving. To solve this problem, food must becontinuously supplied to areas with large numbers of hungry people. However, due to local
climate and other problems, crops may not grow. Therefore, we came up with the idea of
producing insect foods in the region, which can be mass-produced and are inexpensive.
1 Introduction〇Research background and purpose
According to the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, there are more than
2.6 billion tons of food produced from grains alone
worldwide, enough food to feed the entire humanpopulation of the world. In reality, however, one out of
every 10 people suffers from hunger. In the long term,
the percentage has been gradually decreasing from 14.5%
in 2005, but has started to rise since 2016. Furthermore,
due to the Corona crisis, the number of people who are
hungry has increased by more than 100 million compared
to 2019, which means that 10.4% of the world's
population, or 1 in 10 people, are hungry. By region, Asia
has the highest number of hungry people at 418 million, while Africa is the most severely
affected at 21%, and approximately 690 million people worldwide do not have enough foodto eat. One in 11 people in the world suffers from hunger.
This is not due to a lack of food. As shown in the figure on the right, the world
produces about 2.6 billion tons of grain each year, which, if distributed evenly among theworld's 7.7 billion people, would mean that each person could eat more than 340 kilograms ofgrain per year. This is far more than what the Japanese eat. Why, then, is there such a large
number of hungry people? It is because the local climate limits the types of crops that can begrown. Therefore, in order to achieve a sustainable supply, we thought that an entomophagy
diet would be the best solution, regardless of the local high nutritional value resources andagricultural products.
〇 Status of previous research
According to Kitty Verhoeckx, who has studied insect diets, most of the research on
insect allergy has focused on occupational or inhalant allergies. Therefore, research on thesafety of insect foods, including their allergenic properties, is very important.
〇Previous research・The value of modern insect food Mizuno
・History of insect food Ryu, Kazuko

Grasshopper, cricket, bee, ant, caterpillar Introducing the history of insect food fromprehistoric times to the present day and traditional insect food in countries around the world .
We will also explain the breeding business of edible insects in anticipation of future foodshortages. With recipes using various insects. Winner of the André Simon Award for the best
books on food and wine.
〇 Research method
using the Internet① Contents of going to talk to the people of the lantern house Tips tomake it easier to
eat insects Why did you decide to eat insects?
If you can't go to see him, contact him by G-mail, etc.
② Go toTorosha here is a store at 97 Ogo-cho, Gunma Prefecture (confectionery store/general store).
is.
improvement points by having people actually eat products containing insects at Totosha
2 Discussion and implicationsFirst of all, there are about 690 million people
in the world who do not have enough to eat. That isequivalent to one in ten people in the world sufferingfrom hunger. But it is not because there is not enoughfood. Every year, the world produces about 2.6 billion
tons of grain. If this were distributed equally among
the world's 7.7 billion people, each person would eat
more than 340 kilograms per year. Japanese actually
eat 154 kilograms of grain per year. Considering thatthe world produces vegetables in addition to grains,
and that there are stocks, enough food is produced tofeed everyone. However, considering the reality that many people are currently food insecure,
I felt that I had to take some action.
However, while researching insect food, I learned that insect food is a kind of
superfood. In fact, there is data that more than a quarter of the world's total population of 7.5
billion people, about 2 billion people, eat more than 1,900 species of insects.The on theright,graphEntomophagy is a great food for developing countries. However, it turns out that
there are not many transactions of insect food.
Next, we investigated the breeding method of
insects, which is the material for making
insect food.
The biggest obstacle to getting insects to eat isstereotypes. This is because if you eat insects
before actually eating insect food, you can getprotein efficiently, and if you take the same amount of protein with beef, you will take manytimes more carbon dioxide and production area, so it is environmentally friendly. I told them,but some people couldn't eat. Even though I had researched this much and understood in myhead that it was good for the environment, I was a little reluctant to eat it.
3, Conclusionthat the biggest obstacle to the spread of eating insects is stereotypes, I thinkIt's hardto erase this because it's a human heart. Therefore, the future prospect is to popularize eatinginsects on the Internet. For example Line, Twitter, Facebook, etc. Here, I thought that I could
popularize eating insects in developing countries by doing the following.
・Because there are places where the Internet is not widely used, developing countries shouldbe the first step.
・Commercialize the appeal of insect food, process the appearance, commercialize it, anduse commercials to have celebrities review it.
・Popularize insect food. We will simulate how much the hunger population can be expected
to decrease, and present it on posters, SNS, etc.
・Connect it to food loss. Used as food for insects to grow.
4 References
Is eating insects, which attracts the world's attention, dangerous? What are the advantages,
not just the disadvantages?
https://agri.mynavi.jp/2020_09_29_134081/（2022.11.18）“Eco-friendly protein source” Insect food now Interview with edible cricket production
factory
https://agri.mynavi.jp/2020_10_31_137470/（2022.11.18）

https://www.hungerfree.net/ hunger/food_world/
Food Situation in the World: HUNGER FREE WORLD
The fact is that hunger is not caused by lack of food.
Apparently, most of the causes are created by us.
（2022.11.18）
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000011.000070046.html
Frozen bread and retort curry are now available under the "C. TRIA" brand, which uses
domestic edible crickets to recycle food loss into new protein.
（2022.11.18）
Insect (food) allergies and allergens
Molecular Immunology
Insect (food) allergy and allergens（2022.11.18）

https://agri.mynavi.jp/2020_09_29_134081/
Is entomophagy, which is attracting worldwide attention, dangerous? What are theadvantages that are not all disadvantages?
（2022.11.18）
https://www.dir.co.jp/report/column/20210929_010734.html
Will the day come when "entomophagy" will become an everyday occurrence?
（2022.11.18）
https://foodclip.cookpad.com/5334/
Will the World's Attention to Entomophagy Become the Superfood of the Future?
（2022.11.18）
https://mygreengrowers.com/blog/insectforfood/
Why is entomophagy gaining attention? Safety and Types Explained(2022.11.18）
https://gendai.media/articles/-/73178
Is the Era of Entomophagy Coming? Behind the Great Popularity of MUJI's "Cricket
Crackers（2022.11.18）
https://bizly.jp/future-food-insect-food/
Foods of the Future and Entomophagy: Is the Time Coming for Insects to Replace Meat?
Benefits and products for sale!
(2022.11.18)

To Make People Full with Street Food
~Toward Zero Hunger with Familiar and Easy Food Stall Dishes~
5120 Nana Sugimoto
Abstract
To solve the hunger problem in Africa, which suffers from hunger, we operate foodstalls in Europe and donate the sales to the starving areas. I would like to propose a method ofusing food stalls. In this study, I set up three pillars and research this problem along thesepillars.
The first is what meal should be served. I’m going to serve a local dish which iseaten in Africa. The second is about the form of the food stalls to be used. The third is toemploy people living in Europe to operate the food stalls, and to produce the ingredients usedin the food stalls in Africa. I plan to use part of the sales from running the stalls to pay thesalaries of food producers and to solve the problems facing Africa. Capital will be collectedfrom all over the world through crowdfunding.
I would like to apply this method not only in Africa but also in other countries tosave people suffering from hunger around the world.
1 Introduction
Foreign stalls have gotten attention recently. All of the food stalls overseas are unique,and the dishes that use ingredients that are rarely seen in Japan are very attractive. I think theadvantages of such stalls are "familiarity" and "easiness". I thought that it would be possible
to make use of these strengths and lead to the improvement of the world's poverty problem.
There are many people in the world who are suffering from poverty. The problem of poverty
leads to various problems. In this research, we aim to realize a plan to sell dishes using
ingredients produced in regions suffering from hunger in developed countries and pass the
profits to poor regions. I would like to improve not only the hunger problem but also the foodwaste problem likewise by using leftover ingredients in the dishes we provide.
Currently, the world produces about 1.3 billion tons of food waste, which is one-thirdof the food production. However, the total amount of food produced in the whole world isenough to feed all the people of the world satisfactorily. In order to reduce this wasteful food

waste, I would like to contribute to the creation of an environment where people around theworld can eat satisfactorily by consuming food at food stalls.
Currently, the Japanese government has provided assistance to address hunger andpoverty twice through the WFP(World Food Programme) as an initiative to address thehunger problem. The first was food assistance to 27 countries including Asia in 2015, totaling
122.62 million dollars of contributions. This year as well, many countries around the world
were in dire need of food aid, so we sent aid funds to various countries in Asia, Africa, andthe Middle East. It also provided emergency food assistance to displaced persons affected by
the conflict, provision of school meals to children, and delivery of food to malnourishedchildren. Also in 2019, a second aid was provided, contributing $69 million, which was also
sent to support 28 countries in Asia, Africa and the Middle East. In the second round ofassistance, in addition to providing food and nutrition assistance to conflict-affected areas andareas suffering from food shortages, we also assisted in building disaster-resilient
communities in areas affected by climate change, assisted reconstruction, and provided
assistance to poor families. It is also used to help people break out of a vicious circle.
The research question is, "While considering not only the hunger problem but also thefood loss problem, what kind of food should be served at food stalls and how should they be
managed as a solution to poverty in starving areas?"
As a research method, we mainly use the Internet for research.The sites used for thesurvey include the websites of public institutions such as the Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries and UNICEF, and the websites operated by people who are engaged insolving hunger problems overseas.Internet surveys will be conducted throughout the year. In
addition, I would like to conduct interviews with groups and companies related to food stall
management and overseas hunger and food loss issues. Because it was determined that it
would be difficult to travel to the site by foot due to the Corona disaster, interviews will be
conducted using the contact information and inquiry forms provided on the websites of theinterviewees. However, since it is not sufficient to gather information solely from theInternet, we believe it is necessary to conduct literature searches as needed.
2 Main article
There are about 7 billion people in the world and the number of them is increasing every
year. More than 840 million of them are in trouble because they cannot eat satisfactorily. Thisis largely due to poverty in starving areas. This research has been carried out in order to solve
such a severe current condition. There are many regions in the world suffering from hunger,and in order to reduce the number of people suffering from hunger to zero in the future, we
believe that it is necessary to first focus on regions where the damage of hunger isparticularly severe. Therefore, I decided to proceed with my research by focusing on the
African region, where the damage of hunger is the most serious in the world. When I firststarted my research, I was thinking of running food stalls in famine areas and actuallyproviding them with food. There are problems such as whether it is possible to buy food, andwhether it is possible to raise enough sales for labor costs and stall management if it isoperated in a developing country instead of a developed country . As a second plan, I decided
to create a system in which food stalls produced in starving regions would be used to operate
food stalls in developed countries such as Europe, and the profits from these stalls would be
used in starving regions.
Three axes were created to think about in advancing this research. The first is thefood they serve, the second is what kind of stalls they use, and the third is how they operate
this project.
As for the first dish, I would like to offer the local cuisine of starving areas indeveloped countries. Initially, they tried to serve dishes familiar to developed countries using
ingredients produced in Africa. However, I thought that by providing the local cuisine of thefamine area, I could create an opportunity to learn about the famine area, and I could makedishes that make full use of the food produced in the famine area. Also, in developed
countries such as Europe, African cuisine is unfamiliar, so it can create a topic. I would liketo serve the local cuisine of an African country that is particularly suffering from severe
hunger. Uganda, for example, suffers from severe hunger, with a high 35% of the population
undernourished. There is a dish called "Rolex" as such a local dish of Uganda. This dish is a
Spanish omelet (fried egg with vegetables)wrapped in a crepe-like chapati. This dish is easy
to eat and easy to arrange, so it is quite suitable as a dish to be provided in this research. In
addition, we would like to keep the cost of the food used at that time as low as possible andconsider food waste, which is one of the major issues in the world today. I'm thinking of
making use of it too.
As for the second item, the stalls that will be used, we will use ones that are easy tomove. I think that European stalls will use mobile stalls that are similar to food trucks.
Advantages of using food stalls include low initial and operating costs, and the ability toeasily change locations. If you want to have a store, it will cost a lot of money just for initialcosts such as land and building costs. On top of that, there are utility bills, water bills, etc., soit becomes a huge burden in terms of cost. However, the initial cost required for a food stall ismuch cheaper than running a store, including the cost of the food stall and the cost of theland. In Japan, the initial cost of running a store is said to be 7-12 million yen. On the other
hand, the initial cost of a stall is 2.5 to 3 million yen, which is quite reasonable compared torunning a store. In addition, even if the sales are not good in the land, it is easy to apply
because the sales place can be easily moved.
At the moment, we are thinking about the third method of operation, which is to hirepeople who live in Europe to run the stalls, and to produce the ingredients for the street foodin Africa. I plan to use part of the sales from running the stalls to pay the salaries of foodproducers and to solve the problems facing Africa. Capital will be collected from all over theworld through crowdfunding.
Through this research, my ultimate goal is to provide financial assistance to regions
suffering from hunger.

3 Conclusion
The goal is to solve hunger in Africa, where many people suffer from hunger. The final
proposal is to use ingredients produced in Africa and surplus food in the world to serve local
dishes familiar to Africa at stalls operated in Europe.

← Chapati

4 References
macaroni [What are the characteristics of "African cuisine" with its diverse food culture? ]2021/08/23
https://macaro-ni.jp/76755?page=3Urekko
stallLand [Start-up funds and procurement methods for stalls and mobile sales] 2021/08/23
https://entreland.com/yatai-kaigyo/
SDGsclub [2. End hunger] 2021/08/23
https://www.unicef.or.jp/kodomo/sdgs/ 17goals/2-hunger/
NPO Afric Africa [Rolex] 2021/08/23
https://afric-africa.org/japan/africook/cooking/snack/recipe82-2/
macaroni [“Chapatti” recipe made in a frying pan. Enjoy a texture different from naan! ]2021/09/29
https://macaro-ni.jp/54171
ScienceDirect [Awakening from the listeriosis crisis: Food safety challenges, practices andgovernance in the food retail sector in South Africa] 2022/07/10
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ abs/pii/S0956713519302178
street food in Africa 2022/07/29
https://www.africanoverlandtours.com/overland-africa-blog/street-food-in-africa/
how to open a street business in Finland 2022/07/29
https://www.businessfinland.fi/
en/do-business-with-finland/startup-in-finland/setting-up-a-businessSustainable Development Report 2021 2022/07/29
https://www.sdgindex.org/
Policy coherence across Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals: Lessons from
Finland 2022/08/04
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dpr.12529
Small wins enhancing sustainability transformations: Sustainable development policy in
Finland 2022/08/04
https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901121003543
DEVELOPING A CUSTOMER VALUE PROPOSITION FOR THE STREET FOOD
SEGMENT 2022/09/29
https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/703347/Masters%20Thesis%20Palonen%20Ju
ha%20Final%20v2 -yhdisettetty.pdf?sequence=2
gooddo [What kind of assistance and efforts is the Japanese government taking to address
hunger and food problems? ] 2022/09/29
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/hunger/asia_hunger/4575/

Delivering happiness with educational support~Aiming for the sustainability of education and support companies~
5121

Yukina Soya

Abstract
Today, there are a lot of children who cannot receive an education, and the enrollment
gaps between developing and developed countries are huge. In order to increase the numberof children who can attend school, it is necessary to change the minds of those who do notknow the importance of education and to provide effective educational support. My
suggestion is to build a “Delivering letter system” that students in a developed country andchildren in a developing country send letters to each other through companies which provide
educational support. The purpose of my suggestion is to have students understand thesituation of education and to realize sustainable educational support.
I think supporting children is not only delivering happiness to them, but also solving
their future. I want a world where all children have equal access to education.
1

Introduction
There are a lot of children who cannot receive an education. I think we have to change

the present condition so I set up a question "What is needed for children in countries with low
school enrollment rates to receive a better education?” and conducted research to think about
the solution.
2

Discussion and implications
As we can see from chart 1, the global literacy rate is below 90%, mainly in SouthAsia, West Asia, and Africa. According to UNESCO, the literacy rate is the ratio of theestimated adult literacy rate to the adult population (ages 15 and over), expressed as apercentage. Also, literacy is the ability to understand, read and write simple and short
sentences used in daily life. Moreover, from chart 2, the number of children out of school isalso lower in areas with lower literacy rates. The number of children out of secondary schoolis the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. The figures are also high in South Africa, West Africa
and North Africa. In similar areas, the number of children who cannot attend primary schoolis also high. Based on what we can see from the two charts (chart1 and 2), it can be seen thatthe high number of children who cannot attend school is related to the low literacy rate of thecountry.
A low literacy rate causes various problems. For example inability to avoid personal
danger, shortage of professional occupations, and difficulty in escaping poverty. First is thedangers of being illiterate. If a person who cannot read and understand words tries to go to adangerous area, even if there is a sign saying "dangerous", he or she will enter a place
without understanding it, and danger might come. Second is damage caused by labor
shortage. People who cannot read and write characters have a limited range of jobs. The lackof quality education prevents them from getting jobs that require high skills, which is thecause of the shortage of human resources. Therefore, in countries where the educational
environment is not sufficiently prepared, the shortage of specialists such as doctors andnurses has become a problem. Third is poverty from low education. Children from poorfamilies cannot afford to get an education. Furthermore, as mentioned above, it is almost
impossible for children who have not received an education to get a high-paying professional
job. The child remains poor because he/she cannot find high-paying jobs as adults. And inmany cases it is very difficult for the family to get out of poverty completely. Although it is
not shown in the chart 2, there are quite a few people who drop out of school without being
able to graduate, even if they were able to attend school at the appropriate age. Many of them
are due to family labor shortages and poverty.
An education is a basic right that all people have equally. If we can create anenvironment in which everyone can receive an education equally, it will lead not only to theimprovement of academic ability around the world, but also to an increase in the number ofhuman resources who can play an active role in the world. In addition, by receiving afulfilling education and obtaining the necessary knowledge, it will lead to the solution ofproblems such as poverty, gender, disability, ethnic and language disparities anddiscrimination. There are several reasons for the low school enrollment rates. One is due to
conflict and disaster. As can be seen chart 3, children living in conflict and disaster-affected
countries are out of school at a higher rate than those living in other countries. The
percentage of children out of primary school in those countries is more than double the world
average. The percentage of children without secondary education in those countries is also
higher than the world average.Second is poverty. Poverty is linked across generations.
Therefore, children who are unable to receive an education due to poverty will remain poor
even when they become adults in the future. Educational inequality leads to economic
inequality in adulthood. For example, in Japan, about 75% of children from ordinaryhouseholds go to university, whereas only about 35% of children from poor households(households receiving public assistance) go to university. In Japan, which is a developed
country, there is a disparity in the rate of advancement to universities that are not compulsory
education. This disparity will directly lead to economic disparities in the future, as those who
cannot attend university cannot obtain professional occupations. From these circumstances, it
is easy to imagine that the situation is even worse in developing countries with low
enrollment rates. Third is low interest in education. The low enrollment rate comes from thefamily's awareness of education. First, children born to uneducated parents are often unable
to receive education because their parents do not know the need for education. In this case,parents have the advantage of having their children help with household chores. So the chainof out-of-school children in the family line does not stop.

【Chart1】 Global Literacy Rates

【Chart2】 The number of children out of school【Chart3】 Percentage of out-of-school children and young people globally, and incountries affected by conflict and disaster3

Conclusion
In conclusion, my suggestion is to build a “Delivering letter system” that students in adeveloped country and children in a developing country send letters to each other throughcompanies which provide educational support. The purpose of my suggestion is to havestudents understand the situation of education and to realize sustainable educational support.
Future challenges are specific companies, funds, and methods.
4

References

・「教育│ユニセフの主な活動分野│日本ユニセフ協会」＜https://www.unicef.or.jp/about_unicef/about_act02.html＞ （5月4日）
・「アフリカの教育の現状は？教育を受けられない理由とは」
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/education/education_africa/4102/ （5月4日）
・「世界の教育格差問題 2030年までの目標と対策〜SDGs質の高い教育をみんなに〜」＜https://www.apiste.co.jp/column/detail/id=4575＞ （5月4日）
・「SDGs│目標4質の高い教育をみんなに│すべての課題解決の為に」＜https://sdgs-support.or.jp/journal/goal_04/＞ （5月4日）
・「「持続可能な開発のための教育」(ESD)の現状と課題」 著：阿部 治＜https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsoee/19/2/19_2_2_21/_pdf/-char/ja＞ （5月11日）
・「世界を変えるヒント｜SDGsクラブ｜日本ユニセフ協会」＜https://www.unicef.or.jp/kodomo/sdgs/change/＞ （5月11日）
・「教育問題3つの原因と解決策。開発途上国の子どもたちにできることは？｜国際協力
NGOワールド・ビジョン・ジャパン」＜https://www.worldvision.jp/children/education_01.html＞ （6月29日）
・日本ユニセフ協会（ユニセフ日本委員会）「ユニセフ世界子供白書バックナンバー｜日本
ユニセフ協会」＜https://www.unicef.or.jp/library/sowc/archive.html＞ （6月29日）

To Reduce the Starving People~With Smart Agriculture~5122 Toshima Natsuki

Abstract
The starving people in the world are increasing year by year. Then, I found an
agriculture called smart agriculture using AI or advanced technology, and decided to research
it. The advantage of smart agriculture is that it can reduce the physical fatigue of farmers andpromote labor saving and efficiency. On the other hand, the disadvantages of smart
agriculture are that it costs a lot of money to introduce equipment and that it requires trainingof human resources. To solve this problem, I decided to refer to smart farming companies inother countries. First, I thought that commercialization of smart agriculture would reduce theintroduction cost, and I also wanted to refer to the methods other than the smart agriculture
currently being used in Japan. The conclusion at this stage is to first commercialize smart
agriculture, and then, after commercialization, the company will develop human resources.

1 Introduction
I have been researching agriculture for 4 years, and I am thinking of making it anagriculture-related research theme again this year. I thought it would be possible to conduct
research on a theme that combined the starving population, and set it up. Therefore, when I
was collecting information, I found agriculture called smart agriculture. Smart agriculture isfarming using IoT technology. Specific examples include spraying pesticides using drones,
checking crop diseases, and growing plants using LED lights inside buildings. I thought thatthe technology could be used to reduce the number of hungry people who have been
increasing recently. In Japan, the number of Japanese farmers is decreasing year by year, andthe population is aging. In such a situation, even a small number of people can use machines
and AI to efficiently farm. In addition, the number of people engaged in agriculture tends toincrease globally. I thought that if the number of people who practice smart agriculture
increases, the number of people with various skills will increase and the work will proceed
more efficiently, and the workers will be able to teach each other without increasing thenumber of training sessions. In this way, I would like to carry out research with the aim of
reducing the starving population by making up for the shortage of food by utilizing smart
agriculture.

2 Discussion and implications
United Nations2019, the increase of 10 million from the previous year, an increase ofnearly 60 million over the past five years. Since the world's population has been increasing
since around 1950, it is expected that the number of people suffering from hunger andmalnutrition will continue to increase if this trend continues. In addition, as the population
increases, places to live will be limited, and rice fields and fields that have been used for
agriculture will eventually become residential areas. Therefore, I started this research to see if
I could reduce the number of people suffering from hunger and malnutrition by looking at"smart agriculture" using AI and advanced technology.
The advantages of smart agriculture are increased production volume due to laborsaving, reduced burden on the body, promotion of organic farming and cultivation with
reduced pesticides, and the ability to convert agricultural know-how into data. Since robots
play an active role in smart agriculture, they will be able to do jobs that humans could not do
before, and production may increase. Also, multiple tasks can be performed at the same time.
The number of workers can also be reduced, and labor costs can be reduced. Reducing theburden on the body means that work will be automated by technology, so that humans will nolonger have to do hard or dangerous work. Using AI technology, it is possible to spraypesticides with pinpoint accuracy and analyze insect damage with images. During thesummer vacation, I watched a video of smart farming using drones, and found that pesticides
were able to be applied to details that are difficult for humans to enter. In the United States,
an agricultural powerhouse, smart agriculture called AgTech is being promoted. AgTech
mainly uses drones for agriculture. It collects a variety of data such as pesticide spraying andthe growth of crops and soil conditions from the air, and is useful for analyzing farmland
conditions. Also, at a company called FamLogs, it seems that by analyzing the conditions ofsoil and crops collected from satellite images, robots directly advise farmers on theappropriate amount of crops to be planted and the amount of fertilizer to match the conditionof the soil. . I would like to proceed with my research while referring to such smart farming
companies.
In the future, I would like to introduce it mainly in areas where the foodself-sufficiency rate is low and the starving population is very large. In addition, by
introducing smart agriculture even in countries where the self-sufficiency rate is not very low,
it may be possible to further increase food production and export it to developing countriesand countries with food shortages at lower prices than now.
However, there are also disadvantages. These include the high cost of introduction,
the need to train smart farmers, and the possibility that introduction will become a new
burden on farmers. It is true that labor costs can be reduced, but it is expected that the
introduction cost will exceed the sales of what is harvested. Specifically, it costs 200 million
yen when using sunlight, and 300 million yen or more for a completely closed type. Also,
even if it is possible to introduce it, it may not be used well and may be abandoned, or whenit breaks down, the cost of repairing it will be charged separately. Also, as farmers are aging,even if smart agriculture is introduced, there may be few people who can immediately
introduce it. It's difficult for people who aren't used to it because you'll be dealing with a lotof equipment. However, if we can solve such problems even a little, we can spread smart
agriculture more than before, increase the production of crops, and reduce the number ofpeople who are malnourished. I'm thinking of giving training to the younger generation andthinking about commercializing smart agriculture. However, the current issue is that whilesmart agriculture requires fewer workers, in developing countries there are far more people
who want to work to earn a living than in developed countries. I would like to come up with asolution to eliminate this contradiction.

3 Conclusion
The conclusion is to provide training for those who implement smart agriculture andto commercialize smart agriculture. This figure was created based on data provided by the
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and it can be seen that the number of people
working in agriculture, which is said to be on the decline in Japan, is increasing. From this, I
thought that the people who implement smart agriculture need not be limited to a small
number of elderly people, so I think that the training should be aimed at all farmers. In the
future, I would like to investigate and think about the specific equipment to be introduced.
Right now, I'm thinking about farming that uses AI and plant factories that can be built inbuildings in areas where farmland is small but still wants to farm. This means checking to see
if it is spreading. I also think it is possible to harvest using an unmanned tractor. Also, there
are not so many in Japan yet, but there are many smart agriculture companies around theworld, so I would like to create more companies based on those companies, createcompetition, and reduce the cost of equipment and factories. Ultimately, we will introduce
smart agriculture to countries with food shortages and starving populations to increase foodself-sufficiency and reduce the number of hungry people. I think it would be good if we could
increase production and export to countries in need at a lower price.

4 References[English paper]
Smart agriculture system with E-carbage using IOT (2021)
http://eprints.tiu.edu.iq/512/1/690-Article%20Text-1202-1-10- 20210323.pdf(2022/05/06)
IOT based smart agriculture (2016)
http://www.kresttechnology.com/krest-academic-projects/krest-major-projects/ECE/BTech%2
0%20Major%20ECE%20EMBEDDED%202016-17/Btech%20ECE%20Embedded%20Major%20BP%202016-17/3.%20Automated%20Irrigation%20System%20In%20Agriculture.pdf(2022/05/06)
A Revisit of Internet of Things for Monitoring and Control Strategies in Smart Agriculture(2022)
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/1/127/htm(2022/06/24)
What is smart agriculture? (2022/07/20)
https://smartagri-jp.com/smartagri/20
Examining the use of smart agriculture in paddy field agriculture-Aerial photography andimage analysis initiatives using drones(202/07/20)
https:// www.pref.gunma.jp/07/j092_00105.html
Thinking about smart agriculture
https://agri.mynavi.jp/topic/smart_agriculture/(2022/07/22)
Forestry and Fisheries (August 2020) Development of smart agriculture About
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/kanbo/smart/pdf/smart_agri_tenkai.pdf2022/07/22)

Hunger and malnutrition continue to rise, and achieving zero hunger by 2030 is in danger To= United Nations reporthttps://ja.wfp.org/news/more-go-hungry-and-malnutrition-persists-achieving-zero-hunger-20
30-doubt-un-report-warns(2022/07/22)
Smart Agriculture
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/kanbo/smart/(2022/09/07)
Are “Plant Factories” the Ideal Type of Agriculture? Current Status and Issues
https://smartagri-jp.com/smartagri/157(2022/09/07)
Learning from Successful Cases of Smart Agriculture in the World-Examples of the UnitedStates and the Netherlands
https://smartagri-jp.com/smartagri/34[(2022/09/07)
Learn about the current state of hunger! Hunger in Africa, Asia and Japan
https://naruhodosdgs.jp/hunger-world/#i-2(2022/09/07)
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat
https://www.affrc.maff.go.jp/docs /smart_agri_pro/jissho_data/index.htm(2022/07/01)
International Labor Organization
https://www.ilo.org/tokyo/information/pr/WCMS_732463/lang--ja/index.htm(2022/07/01)

How to Eliminate Discrimination through Sports~Can Basketball Eliminate Discrimination?~

5123 Atsuki Nakajima

Abstruct
The conclusion of my research is to organize a "World Exchange Basketball Festival".
The purpose of this event is to promote exchange with people of other nationalities and races
through basketball, and to eliminate prejudice against people of other nationalities. The
reason why we decided to hold such an event is that we have researched why people areracist and found that it is often because of "prejudice". In recent years, there has been a lot oftalk about Japanese players entering the NBA, and I believe that the relationship between
Japan and the NBA has become closer. For example, an NBA player built a permanentbasketball court in Japan, and friendly games are held in Japan in the form of the Japan
Games. Therefore, we would like to invite Japanese players who are active in the NBA, etc.
to this festival as guests.

1 Introduction
I have chosen this research theme because I think that I can solve the "discrimination
problem," which has developed into a global problem, by using my hobby, basketball. When
one thinks of basketball, many people may not think of the NBA, etc. In the NBA, many
black players, white players, and recently, yellow players are also seen playing. I would liketo conduct research on racial discrimination in team sports where many races come together,including how it occurs and what movements are in place to improve it. The purpose of thisresearch is enormous, such as eliminating "discrimination," but first of all, it is to help people
around the world understand the current state of discrimination. There are probably somepeople in the world who are participating in discrimination movements without
understanding the meaning. Our goal is to make as many people as possible, including suchpeople, aware of and think about the current situation.

2 Discussion and implication
In August 2020, a black man was shot and killed in the United States. In response, theNBA team, the Bucks, boycotted NBA Game 5. The Bucks boycotted the game, stating thatthey had "more important things to do than basketball.
LeBron James of the Los Angeles Lakers tweeted on his Twitter page that the current
situation should be changed.
Now let's talk about why racism happens. In the research summary, I mentioned thatracism occurs due to "prejudice," but to be more precise, racism occurs due to the remnantsof black slavery. These laws prohibited blacks from using public facilities, marrying, having
sex with, eating with, or dating blacks and whites, and in some cases fined those who broke
the laws. We wonder how such prejudice can be eliminated, but it would be impossible towipe out prejudice from what has become law. Therefore, I think that if we can prevent the
prejudice against blacks from being instilled in the children who will be born in the future,prejudice against blacks will gradually decrease, and this will lead to a decrease in racial
discrimination.
Therefore, I thought that if I could integrate sports, I could dispel prejudice against
other races. Let me explain why I am organizing the festival. What I felt from my experiencein sports is that sports can connect us with strangers. This is true even if we speak different
languages. That is why I propose this festival.

3 Conclusion
So I propose to organize a "World Exchange Basketball Fest". This is a 5x5 basketballgame. First, divide the leagues by age groups.
(1) Elementary school teams
6-12 years old, minibus court, 6 minutes x 4 (1.5.1 break time)② Junior High School Team
12-15 years old Regular court 8 minutes x 4 (2.10.2 break time)High School Team
15-18 years old 10 minutes x 4 (2.10.2 break time)④Competitors' Teams
18 years old and up Regular court, same playing time as high school teamSenior teams will not be created because we thought it would not be in line with our
objectives.
Points to note
Unify the racial ratio (no majority of Japanese, etc.)
Provide hand signs (since they can't communicate in their own language)
Or unify the signing into English (high school students and above)

4 References
Bucks Twitter(2022/05/05)
https://twitter.com/espn/status/1298722640224428037

Black shootings(2022/05/05)
https://www.google.com/search?q=%E9%BB%92%E4%BA%BA%E9%8A%83%E6%92%83%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6+2020&rlz=1CASFKO_enJP935JP936&oq=%E9%B
B%92%E4%BA%BA%E9%8A%83%E6%92%83%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E3%8
0%802020&aqs=chrome..69i57.9240j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&safe=active&s
sui=onLeBron James Twitter(2022/05/05)
https://twitter.com/intent/like?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwt
erm%5E1298721240748711936%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2
F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.jp%2Fentry%2Fnba-teams-boycott-playoff-game_jp_5f46f468
c5b697186e3081c4&tweet_id=1298721240748711936

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23267240.1936.10627140?journalCode=uj
rd16

Basketball league structure for each state(2022/07/12)
http://jsb-basketball.or.jp/pdf/jsb_info_team20170510.pdf

Racism Why(2022/07/12)
https://www.jishukan.ed.jp/post2021/119056.pdf

Remnants of Black Slavery
Jim Crow Laws "All persons of mixed Negro blood are considered Negroes."
If it contained even one black blood (one-sixteenth), it was treated as 'black' as if it werepure black.(2022/07/12)
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%
E3%83%AD%E3%82%A6%E6%B3%95#:~:text=%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A6%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB,%E5%B7%9E%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%9E%E6%B3%95%E3%81%AE%E7%B7%8F%E7%A7%B0%E3%80%82

Efficient power supply with Superconducting Technology- Construction of a stable and environmentally friendly e-power transportation system 5124 Nishida Kaisei
Abstract
A summary of the results of thisresearch indicates that it is technicallypossible to develop a superconducting cable1
that does not cause loss during powertransmission, and that the benefit from using
it clearly exceeds the installation andmaintenance costs. Based on the current
situation in each region, I also devised aframework for the introduction of superconducting cables that transcends regions and is beneficial
to the entire planet.
A disadvantage of superconducting cables is that they require continuous investment of alarge amount of money because the cables themselves must always be cooled to an ultra-low
temperature. However, if this problem is solved, it will not only be possible to obtain a large
amount of electricity at a lower cost, but it will also be easier to transport electricity between
regions, in addition to the potential for minimizing environmental impact through efficient use ofelectricity.
In the following sections, I will discuss how superconducting cables with such great potential
can be incorporated while overcoming their disadvantages, and how the future will be better after
their introduction.
1. Introduction
The research question in this study is "How can we eliminate losses in energy transportationand supply power to many regions, and what will happen in the future?" I have already calculated
extent of the benefits created by superconducting cables. In the process, interviews with Furukawa
Electric Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Furukawa Electric") revealed the actual situation ofeach region that although the technology (hardware) has been established, the price (software) is
an issue and it is difficult to adopt superconducting cables. With the aim of finding a new way tosolve the current situation of high introduction and maintenance costs through mutual cooperation
1

Superconducting cable ― When the substance is cooled to an extremely low temperature (critical temperature
Tc ≒ 4K) (some materials become high temperature superconductivity at 100K), the resistance of the substancebecomes very close to 0. This is applied to cables to minimize power loss due to resistance duringtransportation. Currently, the main types are 275kV HTS power cable and 66kV HTS power cable.

between regions andcountries, from aninternational perspective, forboth developed anddeveloping countries , toadvance research to build abetter power supply system as
a whole.
As for prior research and demonstration experiments, if we take a look at specific sites where
superconducting technology has been introduced, the representative ones are MRI2and NMR3,
maglevs used in the Tokai Railway's linear motor cars,4and accelerators. such as magnets.
According to Furukawa Electric's analysis, current superconducting cables are being introduced inessential situations in the medical and industrial fields, in other words, "things that can only bedone with superconductivity." On the other hand, the company also predicts that the maturation of
the superconducting market will accelerate the introduction of "things that are economical to makesuperconducting" in the near future. Based on the above, we predicted that the demand forsuperconducting technology will increase worldwide in the future, and that it will become
widespread.
Another demonstration experiment is Germany's AmpaCity Project. This is an example inwhich a superconducting cable is actually laid in the city and power is being transmitted, and it
shows that the introduction of superconducting cables is possible in society. In addition, there aredemonstration experiments being conducted in Japan. NEDO (New Energy and Industrial
Technology Development Organization) announced that NEDO was the first private plant in theworld to conduct experiments at the Totsuka Plant of BASF Japan Ltd. In the news titled "Laying athree-phase coaxial superconducting cable", "NEDO, Showa Cable Systems Co., Ltd., and BASF
Japan Co., Ltd. have recently completed a construction project at the BASF Japan Totsuka Factory(Totsuka-ku, Yokohama). We laid a 200m three-phase coaxial superconducting cable and started ademonstration test aimed at energy saving in the factory from November 8, 2020. The
demonstration test will continue until the end of September 2021, and will be used to verify cablecooling with liquid nitrogen. In addition, we will calculate operation costs and confirm safety.If
this superconducting cable is used in a plant that uses large-scale power of 30 MW or more, power
loss during transmission can be reduced by 95% or more compared to conventional cables. This is
expected to reduce electricity costs by more than 20 million yen annually.This will be the first
demonstration test in the world to introduce a three-phase coaxial superconducting cable into the2

MRI ― Magnetic Resonance Imaging
NMR ― Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
4
Maghreb ― Superconducting magnetic levitation high-speed railway
3

actual system of a private factory." , showing that the introduction of superconducting cables has
resulted in enormous cost savings.
Based on these numerous previous studies and demonstration experiments, I have determinedthat superconducting cables are not only promising in the future, but are also technically feasible
and effective at the time of introduction. Instead, look at overseas demonstration experiments,etc.”, “Interview with government agencies and companies, and receive advice on how to send
proposals and receive them.” Pursue the concreteness and accuracy of the materials that serve as
evidence", and the research question "How can we eliminate losses in energy transportation,
supply power to many regions, and the future beyond that?"
2. Discussion and Implications

Up to the previous paragraph, I
have stated that it is necessary to
introduce superconducting cables,
even though they are very costly.
There is a big problem facing theworld today. That is the problem ofpower loss in transmission lines.
Generally, electric wires that we see
carry electric current, of course, and are used to supply power to each home. However, thematerials used in current cables have considerable resistance, which causes Joule heat in thewires. In other words, a few percent of the originally generated electrical energy is converted
into thermal energy due to Joule heat generated by the resistance while passing through thetransmission line.
Currently in Japan, the power loss rate on transmission lines is said to be about 5%. It
seems relatively low, but if you replace it with the amount of electricity lost annually in Japan,
it will be about 45.807 billion kWh/year,and it costs about 500 billion yen to create thismillion tons of CO2 that has occurred and cannot be overlooked. This is where
superconducting cables come in handy. According to NEDO, a national research anddevelopment agency, private power plants that have introduced superconducting cables have
reduced losses by more than 95% compared to before the introduction. Furukawa Electric has
also calculated that if ordinary Japanese transmission lines are replaced with superconducting
cables, losses can be reduced by approximately 77%. Considering the scale of Ross mentioned
above, it's obvious how big this makes sense. And the problem of loss during electric powertransportation is by no means limited to Japan. According to international comparison

statistics by Global Note, Japan's transmission loss ranks 161st in the world. In other words,
there are a number of countries that are posting loss rates that far exceed Japan's transmission
loss rate of about 5%. Especially in developing countries, more than half of the generated
power is5lost during transmission in Haiti and Iraq.
Based on the current situation described above, I propose a plan to introduce
superconducting cables on a global scale using international organizations such as the United
Nations. First, developed countries will actively invest and cooperate to lay superconducting
cables all over the world. Next, developed countries that have invested in developing countries
receive all the clean energy generated in large quantities6through superconducting cables,
making industrial profits. The profits will then be used to increase expenditures formaintenance and new construction of superconducting cables and ODA to developing
countries. Through these phased cycles, electricity can be stably and efficiently7transported
between regions, creating a society where “more electricity, cheaper, and more eco-friendly”
can be obtained. This will be a revolutionary innovation in our lives today. In addition, by
being able to exchange large amounts of electricity instantaneously and without waste between
regions and nations, it will be possible, for example, to supply additional electricity fromnighttime areas to areas that use a lot of electricity during the daytime, It will also be easier totransmit the surplus electricity generated in the area to industrial areas.
As a result, the governments of developed countries are expected to invest more in Africa,
which is synonymous with economic support for the economies of developing countries. It isbelieved that the clean and inexpensive use of electricity will lead to significant developmentof the global economy, increase the ability of international cooperation on a global scale, andbring enormous returns to the world as a whole.
In other words, by summarizing and considering these, it can be seen thatsuperconducting cables have many advantages. They are summarized below.
-1. Significant reduction in power loss during transportation-2. Concomitant reduction in power generation costs and lower power prices-3. Promotion of industrial development and infrastructure development in developing
regions due to lower power prices
5

more than half - Haiti -65.48%, Iraq -64.42% (2019 data value)
Clean energy generated in large quantities in developing countries - Developing countries are mainly
concentrated in areas with harsh natural environments such as deserts and highlands However, such places arerather suitable for generating environmental energy. In particular, solar power generation in the Sahara Desert,
etc., and wind power generation in mountainous stormy areas such as the interior of China can generate a large
amount of electric power. Conceivable.
7
Efficient - for example, a country that uses a lot of electricity at night the same time can be transported at highspeed from a country that needs less electricity during the day.
6

-4. Suppression of environmental pollution by notusing electricity - 5. Development of the world economy and strengthening of international
cooperation and cooperation through efficient use of electric power
Here, the significance of my research is as described above. Proposed a cable introduction plan.
3. Conclusion
As I mentioned in the introduction, my research question is "How can we eliminate losses inenergy transport and supply power to many regions, and what will the future look like beyond that?"
My current answer to this question is directly reflected in my proposal and the verification andconsideration of its effect.
By laying superconducting cables not only in their own countries but also in developing
countries under the initiative of developed countries, rationalization of electric power transportation,
and appropriate maintenance and utilization of it will lead to the conspicuous power shortages
around the world. State or power corrects an imbalance. By doing this, the problem of loss in energy
transportation will be resolved, and power will be supplied to many areas in just the right amount.
In addition, the introduction of superconducting cables is expected to bring significant
benefits such as lower electricity prices, control of environmental pollution, and development of the
global economy. It is considered to be a good idea to introduce it as soon as possible.
The remaining issue is how to disseminate my proposals and claims to the world, and how tomove from paper to action. I would like to widely propose considerations based on the above
arguments and realize a world connected by reasonable superconducting cables.
4. References<Website search>
Organization Name
"Page Access Information"
URL
Viewing date
Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.
"Superconducting power cable | Superconducting Technology | R&D | HOME of Furukawa
Electric Co., Ltd."
https://www.furukawa.co.jp/en/rd/superconduct/type.html

2022/04/01
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)"The World’s First Demonstration Test to Install a Tri-axial Superconducting Cable System intoa Commercial Plant Grid Completed | News List (2022) | News | Home of NEDO"
https://www.nedo.go.jp/english/news/AA5en_100446.html
2022/04/01
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)"High-temperature superconducting cable to cut transmission loss to zero | Environment andEnergy | Research Results | Achievements | JST Home”
https://www.jst.go.jp/EN/achievements/research/sumitomo_electric2016.html
2022/04/01
GLOBAL NOTE
“World Transmission Loss Rate Ranking and Trends by Country ｜ Category :Electricity/Power | International Comparison Statistics (Category List) ｜ Top Page of Global
Note”
https: //www.globalnote.jp/post-3711.html
2022/04/01
IEEE : CSC(Council on Superconductivity) : SNF(Superconductivity News Forum)“STP475-AmpaCity Project-Update on World's First Superconducting Cable and Fault Current
Limiter Installation in a German City Canter | Home”
https://snf.ieeecsc.org/abstracts/stp475-ampacity-project-%E2%80%93-update-world%E2%80%99s-first-superconducting-cable-and-fault-current
2022/04/01↳Annotated Presentation, PDF :https://snf.ieeecsc.org/sites/ieeecsc.org/files/documents/snf/abstracts/revStemmle1A-LS-O1.1.p
df
T&D World"The AmpaCity Project: RWE replaced a conventional high-voltage cable system in Essen City
center with a medium-voltage superconducting cable system. ｜ OVERHEAD
DISTRIBUTION ｜ T&D World”
https://www.tdworld.com/overhead-distribution/article/20964180/ the-ampacity-project2022/04/01

<Paper search>
Title
Researcher/Author (only 3 top names, titles omitted)
Publisher
Publication Time
URL
AccessDate
Status of the LHC superconducting cable mass production
JD Adam ; T. Boutboul ; G. CavallariIEEE : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
2002/03/-https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1018583#citations"Status of the LHC superconducting cable mass production ｜ IEEE Journals & Magazine ｜IEEE Xplore”
2022/04/01

Poverty in East Africa~Improvement of food waste and poverty~
5126 Mao Makiguchi

Abstract
I thought of a proposal to simultaneously solve food loss in developed countries andpoverty in developing countries. Food loss in developed countries is a problem that must be
solved, not only because food is wasted, but also because the disposal of food is bad for theenvironment. Excessive removal is the cause of food loss. This excess elimination can be
reduced by individual awareness. Poverty problems in developing countries have a great
impact on the growth of children living in developing countries. School education is notgoing well, so the cycle of poverty continues.
I found an organization called “Table for two”.This organization sells obesity-friendly
menus at cafeterias and donates part of the proceeds to developing countries to solve theproblem of obesity in developed countries. I would like to refer to this activity. I would liketo sell a meal carefully about excessive removal in a company cafeteria somewhere anddonate part of it to Unicef.
1 Introduction
I have been conducting research by setting the research question as what kind ofefforts are necessary to simultaneously solve the food loss problem in developed countries
and the poverty problem in East Africa. Also, the purpose is to consider efforts to alleviate
poverty in East Africa, even if only a little.
Last year, I was conducting research to reduce food loss in Japan. This year, I
continued to be interested in food loss and poverty in East Africa. In 2017, one in nine people
in the world, or 821 million people, were hungry, malnourished and unable to obtain the foodthey needed to lead a healthy and active life. Malnutrition causes a decline in immunity andphysical strength, and may die without being able to fight the disease. In addition,
malnutrition delays intellectual and physical development, which is the cause of school
dropouts. If you drop out of school, you will not be able to receive the education you need, so
you will not be able to get a job with a high salary, and your children will also become poor,so the vicious cycle will continue.
In recent years, food waste has become a problem in developed countries. In Japan, it
is said that each person in Japan wastes a bowl of food a day.In this way, I researched thesituation of poverty in East Africa and the current situation of food loss through books, suchas the website of UNICEF on the Internet, as well as books about food shortages indeveloped countries and poverty-prone regions.
At first, we tried to solve food loss and poverty problems by running a food bank inEast Africa and sending leftover food from Japan to East Africa and delivering it to people
suffering from poverty. However, this method had problems such as the lack of cost to
maintain the food bank in East Africa and the air routes to transport the donated food.
Therefore, when I searched for organizations in Japan trying to solve the problem ofpoverty in Africa, I was able to find an organization called “Table for two”. This organization
aims to improve health conditions and increase educational opportunities by deliveringschool lunches to children in six countries suffering from poverty, and to reduce obesity indeveloped countries. When you purchase the target TFT healthy menu at the store, 20 yen,which is the amount of one school lunch in developing countries, will be donated, and we areworking to donate one school lunch to children suffering from hunger.
Using this initiative as a reference, I came up with a proposal that would lead to asolution to the problem of food loss and poverty. I found a problem and wanted to solve it, so
I decided on this research theme.
2 Discussion and implications
Currently, Africa's population accounts for 15% of the world's population. Therefore,
it is expected that it will become a huge market in the future.Twenty countries on the African
continent have averaged over 5% GDP growth in 2004-2006, and inflation is one-fifth ofwhat it was a decade ago, showing good economic performance. As of 2004, 41.1% of the
population lived on $1 a day, and hunger rates exceeded 35% in 18 countries.
And now many developed countries are facing the problem of food loss. It goes
without saying that food loss is wasteful, but there is also the problem of promoting
environmental pollution and wasteful national spending. About half of the food loss comesfrom households and companies. By changing our consciousness, food loss from households
will decrease, leading to a reduction in the amount of food loss overall. So I thought it was asolvable problem.
There are solutions to not buying too much and not making too much, but the problem
I want to solve this time is the food supply at home. It is "over-removal". Excessive removal
means throwing away edible parts, such as peeling the thick skin of vegetables duringcooking. Many people over-remove. I thought that by gaining knowledge aboutover-removal, people's awareness would increase and food loss would be reduced even alittle.
I wanted to solve the problem of food surpluses in developed countries and lack offood in poor regions, so I researched volunteer groups.founda group called "Table for two".
This organization supports school feeding programs and garden and agricultural production
improvement programs in six countries in East Africa: Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya,
Malawi and the Philippines in Southeast Asia. And this organization aims to improve healthconditions and increase educational opportunities by delivering school meals to children in
six countries suffering from poverty, and to reduce obesity in developed countries. As anactual initiative, if you purchase the target TFT healthy menu at the employee cafeteria orstore, 20 yen, which is the amount of one school lunch in a developing country, will be
donated, and one school lunch will be presented to a child suffering from hunger. It can bedone.
The purpose of my research is to improve poverty in East Africa. It will reduce andhelp solve the problem of poverty. However, it is not possible to make people know how tocook without excessive removal just by eating a menu that is conscious of excessive removal,
so it does not lead to people's awareness. For that reason, we put an easy-to-read board oneach table that briefly summarizes how to make each menu, what we were conscious of when
making it, and what we usually tend to remove excessively. Currently, there are fewer
opportunities to talk and eat in order to prevent the spread of the new coronavirus infection,
so I think that if you put something easy to understand in a conspicuous place, people will see
it. Regarding the actual menu to be sold, there is a site called "Consumer Affairs Agency's
Kitchen" that the Consumer Affairs Agency has uploaded to Cookpad, so I would like toextract from this site and decide.
In addition, we are thinking of targeting companies with a high percentage of women,rather than companies with a large number of men. This is because I thought that women are
still more likely to cook at home, although there are more and more opportunities for men tocook.
I believe that this group has a high degree of credibility. In fact, an event called"Onigiri Action" was held on SNS. Onigiri Action is a symbol of Onigiri, a typical Japanese
food, and if you post a photo of "Onigiri" on SNS (Instagram, Twitter, Facebook) or on a
special site, one photo post is equivalent to five meals. This is an initiative in which a sponsor
company provides a donation of 100 yen, and through the NPO TABLE FOR TWOInternational, school lunches are given to children in Africa and Asia.Hosted by Table fortwo, which works to solve the world's food and health problems through food, it is held every
year on October 16th to commemorate World Food Day. Onigiri Action has been held for 6
years from 2015 to 2020, and a total of 1 million photos have been posted and about 5.4
million meals have been delivered.
3 Conclusion
In conclusion, referring to the efforts of an organization called “Table for two”, thecompany's employee cafeteria should have menus and recipes that consider excessive
removal. I wanted the opinion of a specialist, so I thought that if I worked with thenutritionist of the company to create a menu, I would be able to discuss issues such as cost.
As for future prospects, I will first look for recipes on the Cookpad of the Consumer
Affairs Agency that are easy to practice and suitable for the in-house cafeteria. I would like tomake a decision after doing a little more research on the criteria for judging what kind ofmenu is suitable for the in-house cafeteria.
I would like to find out more about what kind of companies can introduce it easily,
how to donate Table for two, etc.
4 References
2021/5/6
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/poverty/africa_poverty/2161/
What is the serious poverty situation in Africa? Explanation of causes, solutions, andnecessary support
2021/6/24
https://www.worldvision. jp/about/eth.html
Ethiopia: Children live in these support areas.
2021/7/26
https://jp.tablefor2.org/about/
What is Table for Two?
2022/7/26
https://cookpad.com/kitchen/10421939
The official kitchen of the Consumer Affairs Agency
2021/8/24
https://onigiri-action.com/about/What
Is Onigiri Action?Onigiri Action 2021?

Health and Economy~Economic Development Using e-Sports~
5127 Takuto Morita

Abstract
One of the values of e-sports is the business . Another is e-sports for maintaining
health: it has been proven that e-sports can prevent the decline of physical and cognitive
functions, which are essential for life, and that e-sports can connect people to society. There
are many advantages to playing e-sports. In my research up to last year, I have been thinking
about how we can use these to protect the health of the elderly. Then we decided to look at
this from a different angle. In doing so, we found that there are many problems. For example,
there are issues of cost, securing facilities, gathering people, and so on. These problems willcontinue to follow the project wherever it is implemented and will be difficult to solve.
Taking the cost issue as an example, it would be difficult to implement the program without
the support of a company or municipality. We have concluded that the establishment of acorporation is the best way to solve these problems.

1 Introduction
Many companies are achieving success through businesses using e-sports, which havebecome popular in many parts of the world in recent years. Many of these businesses are
involved in player management, administration, and deals. In addition to this, there issponsorship revenue. These are the main reasons why e-sports companies operate. I believethat there are two aspects to sports. One is the aforementioned e-sports business. The other is
e-sports for maintaining health, as it has been proven that e-sports can prevent the decline ofphysical and cognitive functions, which are essential for life, and that e-sports can connect
people to society. There are many advantages to playing e-sports. In my research up to lastyear, I have been thinking about how we can use these to "protect the health of the elderly.
Then we decided to look at this from a different angle. In doing so, we found that there aremany problems. For example, there are issues of cost, securing facilities, gathering people,
and so on. These problems will continue to follow the project wherever it is implemented andwill be difficult to solve. Taking the cost issue as an example, it would be difficult toimplement the program without the support of a company or municipality. We haveconcluded that the establishment of a corporation is the best way to solve these problems.

2 Discussion and implication
So far, eSports has been shown to have positive effects on the body. For example, it
prevents cognitive decline, improves muscle strength, and increases social connection. As apractical example, in Korea today, the gaming industry, including e-sports, has been one of
the most advanced in Asia since the 1990s, amid a policy of promoting IT. 2015 saw the
Korean gaming market surpass the 10 trillion won (approximately 1 trillion yen) mark, and it
continues to grow at around 2% per year. In proportion to the growth of the market, thenumber of e-sports tournaments and leagues has been increasing year by year, and it isestimated that more than 70 organizations are currently active in the industry. South Korea's
boom in the e-sports business, which began with the 1998 release of the "StarCraft" game
title, has led to the formation of a large industry as the public and private sectors haveembarked on the e-sports business. The popularity of "StarCraft" and other RTS20 titles, aswell as MOBA titles, which are derivatives of RTS, is strong, and talented professional
players are active in these fields. Furthermore, the revenue of teams active in e-sports andother games is largely dominated by the sponsorship and advertising portions. Therefore,
support from existing companies is considered important for the full-fledged management ofsports teams, and how to increase their name recognition and attract attention is considered
important. Therefore, it is necessary to devise a financial way to support such companies.
Also, the rest of the funds are to be made available through equipment and guts airing. The
company I am proposing will provide health services to the elderly and physicallychallenged, and use the revenue from these services to purchase broadcasting rights for
e-sports competitions, etc., and sell the rights to generate revenue. We would also like toprovide a service that allows people to receive tips for doing so. In addition, since sound andpicture quality are the most common complaints about broadcasts, we would like to provide aservice that will make people feel good about their viewing experience. In parallel with this,
we would also like to recruit companies and individuals who agree with us. And finally, we
would like to establish a company that meets these conditions. We would also like to aim fordedicated management like that of Korean companies.

3 Conclution
The goal is to provide health services to the elderly and physically challenged, anduse the revenue generated from these services to purchase broadcast rights to e-sports andother competitions, and sell them to generate revenue. We would also like to create a systemthat allows people to receive tips for doing so. In addition, since sound and picture quality
have been cited as complaints about online broadcasting of surveys via the Internet, we
would like to create a service that will allow people to enjoy watching the survey in apleasant way. In parallel with this, we would like to recruit companies and individuals who
agree with us. And we would like to aim for companies that can achieve these goals.

4 References
e-sports, active among the elderly by Shimane University
https://www.wam.go.jp/content/wamnet/pcpub/top/fukushiiryounews/20210408_140700.html
Creating a purpose in life x e-sports - Happy Brain
https://hb-e-sports.com/ikigai/【ES:No.1】e-Sports: Playing just for fun or playing to satisfy ...
https://note.com/domino613/n/n588d3fa9dd8a

The Economics of Sports: Business Strategies for 2020
https://books.google.co.jp/books
What does PwC think of the e-sports business?
https://www.pwc.com/jp/ja/services/consulting/esports/esports-business.html

Solving the problem of poverty by horse racing~Raise the benefit efficiently by introducing Special Economic Zone~
5128 Morimoto Daiki
Abstract
I make developing countries run horse racing using the system of “Japanese horse
racing association must pay some money to the national treasury” The biggest problem tofulfill and keep this idea is funding. I solve this problem by introducing the Special Economic
Zone (SEZ). Also, we can invite many foreigners to the country which holds horse racing.
And improve welfare of developing countries to return money to the citizens.
1 Introduction
The motivation of this study is that I notice the power of horse racing in the categoryof commerce. When I studied horse racing last year, I found the JRA, a Japanese horse racing
association, sold 3 trillion 91.1 billion yen. The association must pay 10% of their sales to thenational treasury. So, they paid 391.1 billion yen last year. This money is used to improvewelfare. The merit of this system is that the people who didn't buy the horse racing ticket can
get benefits.
However, in Japan, the sum of money being paid to the national treasury is 10%. If
the country runs horse racing, we can use much more money.
Trial calculation: 3 trillion 91 billion yen(sales)-3 trillion 91 billion yen×0.75(the percentage
of deduction)=772 billion yen
I think the idea can help to solve the poverty of developing countries. The system isthat. The rich buy horse racing tickets, the government gets money, and the government uses
the money for inhabitants. This is the goal of this study.
According to the previous study, the cause of poverty is mainly two points: one is“political” the other is “commercial” . This time, I will use horse racing as a commerce andmake the economy active. So I think my study is related to “commercials''.
The way to study is to make what we need to hold horse racing and the problem
clearly.Also, Macau gets most of its tax revenue from holding gambling. So as a reference, I
will study Macau's gambling industry and use it to my study.
2 Discussion and implication

First, what we need to hold horse racing is the estate. We need a huge estate toconstruct a horse racing park. Concerning the estate, there are many developing countries,
which have a lot of state-owned land. For example, such as Zimbabwe which has a lot ofstate owned land.(table 1) The percentage of state-owned land is 18%, or 6970000ha. This is
as large as Georgia. It doesn’t cost anything if we construct the structure of the state. So it is
the advantage of developing countries.

table1 area division of Zimbabwe
Also, the cost of construction is 9.8 billion yen.(reference,Nagoya horse racingpark).This is high and we need the fund by considering the cost we will use to maintain it. So
the problem is “collecting the funds”.
Now, I will introduce Macau to you. Macau is the country which gets its tax revenue
from casinos.

(table2)
Table 2 is the breakdown of tax revenue of Macau. The portion of light blue shows us
the percentage of tax revenue, 86%. The development of the casino industry is related toEuropean countries. Formerly, when Hangzhou started to trade with Europe, Macau wasselected and developed as the rest place of Europe.
From this, inviting foreign people is a good way to develop gambling industry.
I’ll introduce “introducing SEZ” to you. SEZ is the system in which we can promote theforeign companies to enter their own country by making rules of preferential treatment in tax

and deregulation for foreign companies. The owner country can get the funds and technology
from foreign companies.

table3
Table3 is the result of SEZ which was introduced in China. Not only GDP but also
population is increasing by 40 times. Increasing population makes the number of participantsin horse racing increase. So SEZ is good at this point.
3 Conclusion
Next, about the proposal after introducing.The area of construction is near SEZ. The
reason is the area is expecting many sales.
I thought of the idea of two areas to support.
First, the area of education. They can’t work stably without enough education becauseof the problem of reading and writing. They can’t get a job and establish a company if they
can't understand the contents they should learn. The leader will always be the rich without
education for the poor.
The second is rural areas. Rural areas are among the poorest areas in developing
countries. However, it is not desirable to provide assistance to individual farmers here. If
support is given to individual farmers, they may lose their motivation to work because theyreceive money even if they do not work. Therefore, I have come up with the idea of creating
an agricultural enterprise and providing support to it. The company and the farmers would
form an employment relationship. In other words, the farmers would be paid a salary. The
company would use the support money to buy agricultural machinery and to improve thefarmland. This would improve the efficiency and quality of farming, and since the farmers
would be paid a salary, they would be able to live a stable life.

4 Reference「JRA」<https://www.jra.go.jp>(June 13)「the cost of construction of Nagoya horse racing park」<https://www.decn.co.jp/?p=98667>(July 14)「about SEZ」<https://www.nomura.co.jp/terms/japan/ke/A02455.html> (July 14)

Education for the World's Children～Solar Cow for School〜
5129 Yokoo Taisei
Abstract
As of 2021, there are about 150 million children in the world who cannot attend school.
Although the number has been decreasing in recent years, it is still not a small number. The
main reasons for not being able to attend school are economic issues, such as family poverty
and inability to pay tuition fees, and the inability to make a living unless children work aslaborers. The purpose of this study is to reduce the number of such children who cannot
attend school. The method is to increase the benefits of going to school through government
support for tuition fees and the introduction of solar cow.
1 Introduction
There are many children in the world who cannot attend school. There are more than 115
million children in the world who cannot even go to elementary school. Although the number
has been decreasing in recent years, it is still not a small number. The main reasons for not
being able to go to school are that their families are too poor to pay tuition, or that they haveto work to support their families. Children in such an environment are unable to make theirown decisions about whether or not to receive an education, making it difficult for them toescape the vicious cycle of poverty. This is especially true in urban areas where poor people
live together, known as slums. The purpose of this study is to enable such children who havedifficulty attending school for economic reasons to attend school.

2 Discussion and Implications
We found it necessary to do the following in order to enable children who are can’t attend
school for economic reasons to attend school.
(1) Educational support for families who cannot afford to pay for education.
(2) Get parents to give their approval for their children to attend school.
Method 1) "Educational Support."
First of all, economically challenged families have difficulty paying for education.
Therefore I propose to provide educational support in the country.
Elementary schools in Kenya are compulsory, and tuition has been free since 2003.
However, schools charge money for various reasons, such as to renovate enzymes or to buy
equipment. Thus, even if parents agree for their children to go to school, there are cases
where they cannot go to school due to lack of money or have to give up in the middle of theschool year.

3 Conclusion
Method 2: "Introduction of Solar Cow and Solar Milk"
Ex.) Africa? Solar Cow, Solar Milk in Africa
Solar Cow" is a cow-shaped power plant powered by solar energy. It is installed in a school inthe suburbs of Africa.
Solar Milk" is a battery in the shape of a milk bottle. When used in soft mode lighting, it canbe used for about 6 hours. iPhone 12 pro can be charged about once.

↑How Solar Cow works
Solar Cow is installed in schools so that the battery can be charged only in schools. Children
who receive the battery, called "Solar Milk," spend their days at school attending classes until
the battery is fully charged. They can charge their cell phones and radios at home with thisbattery. At night, they can be used to light up the house and have a variety of other uses.
Low-income families have to go to expensive charging stores far from their homes torecharge their cell phones, and SolarCow can provide these families with environmentallyfriendly energy. (For example, the average Kenyan household's energy costs account for 15%of their monthly living expenses.) The ability to reduce electricity costs is also a major
economic benefit, allowing them to send their children to school. In fact, it has been observedthat student attendance increases in Kenya and Tanzania where SolarCow has been
introduced.
I believe that it is possible to send children who cannot attend school around the world toschool by introducing these (1) and (2). However, we would like to consider where and bywhom these costs and facilities will be supported, and how the system will be structured, as
these issues have not yet been specifically considered.
4 References
世界くらべてみたら Last view: 20210824
https://www.tbs.co.jp/sekakura/archive/20210505.html
なぜ子供たちは学校にいけないの？ Last view:20210825
https://www.unicef.or.jp/sfa/Food problems and Agritech~Application of latest technology to food~5130 Yoshizawa Yoshihiko
Abstract
This study examined how agritech can solve food problems related to food security in
Africa. In considering the articles of the solution, I set the following conditions:self-sufficiency, stable and sustainable supply, and availability of safe and clean food. I thenproposed "subsurface agriculture. The technologies I focused on were AI, automated farmmachinery for fertilization, harvesting, and condition management, and vertical and LED
agriculture. By utilizing LED agriculture and vertical farming methods, as well as AI,
subterranean agriculture will make it possible to secure food efficiently and easily with fewer
human resources. In the future, it will be possible to utilize this technology not only in
African countries but also in other countries around the world.
1 Introduction
I started this research because I’m interested in the food field. I wondered if there wasany connection between the food field and cutting-edge technologies such as drones, AI, andbig data, which are currently developing remarkably, and started researching on this topic.
After that, I learned about the idea of ​agritech, which aims to make agriculture more efficientby using cutting-edge technology.
The issue I want to solve through this research is the food problem especially in
African countries. I narrowed down the target to African countries because I thought that
African countries had more problems with food resources than food quality. Therefore, I
decided to study food resources in particular among food problems.
Currently, hunger is progressing in Africa. For example, if hunger continues to spreadin South Sudan, about 7 million people, two-thirds of the population, will fall into serious
hunger in the next few months.In addition, according to the 2015 World Development Index,
the poverty rate for people in sub-Saharan Africa is a serious 41.1%. And one of the causes is
conflict. Many farmers have been forced to flee their farms due to the conflict, and theycannot harvest their crops. As a result, malnutrition among children in Africa becomes aserious problem. "Eating" is the basis of daily life, and it is thought that an urgent solution isnecessary.

I believe that this research can help people suffering from hunger in Africa. In
addition, if the proposal can be realized, it will be possible to realize the proposal not only in
African countries but also in countries around the world. .
2 Discussion and implicationsFirst, I investigated the situation in Africa. Here, I mainly investigated what is
considered to be related to the food problem. I found that the main causes of hunger in Africa
can be roughly divided into economic conditions, bad and abnormal weather, and civil wars
and conflicts.I decided to focus on bad weather and abnormal weather because it can besolved by agritech. It seems necessary to propose a form of agriculture that is not affected bysuch things.
I also investigated South Sudan, the Central African Republic, and Somalia as
countries where the situation of poverty is serious. About the Republic of South Sudan, in
February 2018, three UN agencies said that without sustained humanitarian assistance, morethan 7 million people, about two-thirds of South Sudan's population, could face a serious
crisis in some months. A major cause is the conflict and the rainy season, which begins in
April. It makes aid communities do health, education and food assistance services. In theCentral African Republic, bad conditions of roads, the rainy season and political instability
make access to rural areas almost impossible. In the country's conflict, armed groups attack
civilians and aid groups, so it is difficult for aid groups to do services related to health,education, food and so on. For Somalia, the main cause of hunger is drought. In addition,soaring food prices, a 20-year civil war, and large-scale bombing attacks by terrorist
organizations are also problems.
Considering these causes of African food problems, it is impossible to solve problems
such as civil wars and attacks by terrorists with agritech. However, by farming underground,
it seems possible to farm without being affected by civil wars or terrorism. If it can berealized, it will be possible to farm and secure food regardless of the weather problems suchas drought. In addition, considering the cases of attacks by terrorists on citizens and aidorganizations, it is thought that citizens will need to get food by themselves. Considering thispoint, it is important to be able to farm on one's own without requiring specialized
knowledge, to be able to expect stable harvests, and to be safe and clean food.
Also, it is necessary to reduce the burden on people. We thought that we could reducethe burden by using AI and allowing machines to automatically do harvesting. It is believedthat these factors will enable a stable and large-scale supply of safe and fresh food.

Next, I investigated LED agriculture by referring to "Speed ​breeding LED techniquegrows food six times faster than conventional farming", a study by the University of Sydney
and the University of Queensland in Australia. Benefits of LED agriculture include: It isbelieved that LED cultivation will allow crops to grow faster than conventional cultivation
methods. It is believed that the use of LEDs can reduce power consumption compared tousing incandescent or fluorescent lamps. Considered to be less likely to be malnourished andweak crops. It is thought that the amount of crops we can harvest can be increased. Fromthese facts, it is thought that LED agriculture will enable control of cultivation speed andmassive harvest in a small area of farmland. This has the advantage that a large amount ofgrain can be harvested from a small amount of farmland. In addition, by increasing thecultivation speed, it will be possible to harvest more quickly than before, and it will bepossible to secure more food.
Next, I investigated vertical farming by referring to Badia Farms, a farm in Dubai,
and the Indian start-up company "Plenty." The best thing about vertical farming is its
overwhelming efficiency. According to Plenty, when compared to farms of the same size, it isbelieved that vertical farming can yield 350 times more than conventional ways of farming.
And in vertical farming, it is also a big advantage that the "hydroponic method" can be used.
Hydroponics method is a method of growing plants using only water without using soil. And
it is also possible to analyze data to improve yields and provide high-quality food at a lower
cost and in a sustainable manner. In addition, it is also believed that any crop can be grown invertical farming. Among them, leafy greens and some fruits and herbs are said to be easy to
grow. However, since the purpose of this research is to cultivate crops that serve as a staple
food, I think that it would be good to grow food such as rice and wheat. With the introductionof vertical farming and LED agriculture, it is believed that we can harvest crops much more
often than before.
Finally, I researched harvesting machines by referring to inaho Co., Ltd. inaho Co.,
Ltd. is a company that develops an agricultural platform, especially about automatic
vegetable harvesting robots using AI. According to a farmer who actually introduced an
automatic harvesting machine using AI, it not only reduced the burden on his body, but also
increased his income. And thanks to these advantages, he became able to focus on sales.
Automatic harvesting machines can reduce the burden of human work. Considering the
introduction in Africa, there is an advantage in that a small number of people is demanded byintroducing an automatic harvesting machine.

3 Conclusion
I propose "Underground farming" as a solution to African food problems.
Underground agriculture here refers to underground farming using LED and vertical farmingwith harvesting machines, AI, and air conditioning.The problems of this research are that therequired environment and equipment are unknown, the method of human resource
development is unknown, and the cost has not been estimated.
Considering these points, it is a good idea to start with Urban agriculture using thetechnology related to “Underground farming” in developed countries in order to solve
Africa's problems. Urban agriculture here means using vacant buildings, offices, andbasements to grow crops using the same methods which we use in Africa. It is hoped thatusing this system in developed countries will solve the problem of human resource
development and also clarify the issues that will arise if the system is introduced. In addition,
this will not only serve as a demonstration of “Underground farming” in Africa, but will also
benefit developed countries. Not to mention the many other advantages that can be citedwhen farming in Africa. For example, it will not only help solve food shortages and farmland
shortages caused by population growth, but also help solve the shortage of farmers. Becauseof the advantages of developed countries in these points, we hope that preemptive
introduction in developed countries will help solve problems related to food security in
African countries.
Other countries will also benefit if it is introduced in Africa and the food security
problems in those countries are solved. It enables a stable, rapid, large-volume, andsustainable food supply. There are benefits for the aforementioned developed countries, butthere are benefits everywhere. The greatest advantage of “Underground farming” is that it is
not affected by environmental factors. Because it is not affected by the environment, it can begrown anywhere, anytime. Considering these points, the technological development of“Underground farming” may be a clue to solving the future food problems of the earth.
4 References①Speed ​breeding LED technique grows food six times faster than conventional farming
https://www.zmescience.com/science/news-science/speed-breeding-led-crops-04352/(February 22, 2022)

②Badia Farms
https://www.badiafarms.com/(May 5, 2022)③[What is food tech? ] Learn from 12 noteworthy companies, will innovation occur in"food" with technology?
https://marketing-rc.com/article/20190412.html(May 25, 2022)④inaho | Automation of agriculture by AI robot
https://inaho.co/(August 31, 2022)

To Reduce Discrimination Against Women〜Aiming to install women-friendly restrooms〜
5131 Mitsuki Yoshida
Abstract
When I researched the sanitary environment of toilets in Japan because of the lack ofcleanliness in public toilets in my neighborhood, I learned that there are areas in the world
where people don't have toilets themselves and practice open defecation.I learned that there
are many problems such as the number of children who get sick and die, the low employment
rate and status of women due to the delay in education for women, and the loss of life due toattacks by dangerous animals at night. Among these problems, I wanted to improve the factthat women's status is lowered due to the lack of toilets. Therefore, I set a goal to install
toilets for women. However, it is also difficult to obtain safe water in many areas where open
defecation is practiced. Therefore, we decided to set the final goal of this study as theinstallation of toilets that are friendly to women and nature. However, in order for women to
be able to use the toilets with peace of mind, it would be necessary to provide a caretaker tokeep the toilets clean and to establish a habit of keeping the toilets clean. Therefore, alongwith the installation of restrooms, we would like to simultaneously improve the employment
rate by making the caretaker of such restrooms a female occupation, and by incorporating
restroom cleaning into school education to ensure permanent access to clean restrooms.
1 introduction
I felt that the public toilets near my house were very dirty. Then I researched the sanitaryenvironment of Japanese toilets to see if it was not very good, and found that the sanitaryenvironment in Japanese toilets is very good, and that there are many countries in the world
where the sanitary environment is not as good as it is in Japan. I also learned that there aremany countries where girls cannot go to school or women have difficulty going out becauseof poor sanitary conditions in toilets or because toilets are not well maintained. We also
learned that in many areas where toilet facilities are not well maintained, there is also a lackof water supply. Therefore, I decided to conduct this research in order to make it possible forwomen to go to the toilet safely even in countries where water and toilet facilities are
inadequate, and to create a world where discrimination against women does not occur.

2 Methods of Research
We will gather information on three topics in order to understand the current status of toilets
in the world.First, the prevalence of toilets in the world and their sanitary conditions.Second,
the problems caused by the lack of toilets and the problems that exist at this stage.And third,
the current efforts being made to promote the use of toilets. Also note the company ororganization sponsoring the initiative when researching the initiative. Next, we will examine
in detail countries with high and low toilet coverage rates, and investigate the causes of thedifferences and whether there are differences within each country. At the same time, we will
examine the commonalities among countries with poor toilet facilities and the differences
between those with and without toilet facilities. As a method of research, we are considering
searching for articles and asking people who have actually been to countries with low toilet
coverage to talk to us about their experiences. Based on this information and previous cases,
we are planning to make a proposal.
3 Results and Discussion of the ResearchFirst, we looked at the current situationand problems with toilets around theworld. According to UNICEF, 3.6 billion
people in the world currently do not haveaccess to a safe and sanitary toilet. The
definition of a safely managed toilet is"an improved toilet that is equipped withfacilities to separate excreta so that it
does not come into contact with otherwaste or is transported to another location for safe and hygienic disposal, and is not sharedwith other households.” The study also found that approximately 500 million people live inenvironments where open defecation occurs. There are three main problems with open
defecation.
The first is increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Worldwide, 800 children a day
die from diarrhea caused by open defecation environments. In India, in particular, 523 million
people defecated in the open in 2015, and about 120,000 children under the age of five dieannually from infectious diseases that are primarily caused by open defecation.

Second, after sunset, when people defecate in the open, dangerous animals can harm andkill them, and women are more vulnerable to sexual assault. In India, there was a case inwhich a woman was bitten by a cobra while defecating in the open and lost her life.
Third, discrimination and inequality will increase. According to a UNICEF survey, one inten African girls miss or quit school because they are "embarrassed to be seen doing theirbusiness" or "don't know what to do during menstruation. This has led to a large difference
when comparing literacy rates between girls and boys. The literacy rate in India is 78.9% forboys and 59% for girls, a
gap of about 20%. Low
literacy rates make it
difficult for them to findemployment. In addition,
because it is difficult tofind a job in their home country, even if they try to go abroad to work, they cannot be hired
because they have never studied a foreign language or learned how to read and write. Thus,
women who can’t work are forced to stay at home and do housework, making it difficult for
women to improve their status.
I set the third theme, "improvement of women's status and eradication of discrimination," asthe final goal of my research, which was to establish a project to install restrooms that areeasy for women to use. Therefore, I investigated areas where there are few toilets installed
and where open defecation is common.
The map below shows the distribution of the number of safely managed toilets in the world.
The orange areas on the map indicate regions with between 0% and 25% of the world's
population having access to safe toilets. And it can be seen that most of them are unevenly
distributed in Africa.

The
map

below also shows the distribution of safely available water. The map is colored orange toindicate areas with 0% to 25% safe water availability. It can be seen that many of these areas
coincide with areas with low installation rates of safely managed toilets.

The study also looked at India and found that there is a wide variation in the distribution ofsafely available water within the country.
These revealed that there is less safe water
available in areas where there are few safely
managed restrooms. This was particularly true inthe suburbs of Chad, Congo, Central Africa,
Ethiopia, and India. I decided to conclude that
toilets should be easy for women to use andfriendly to nature. Therefore, I decided to firstlook into previous studies of restroom installation projects in developing countries and areas
with low toilet coverage.
The first is a toilet installation project by united earth. United earth is installing toilets in
Cambodia, and we learned that they have currently raised about 140,000 yen. However, we
did not know the details of the toilets installed, such as the appearance of the toilets, theinstallation scenery, or the number of toilets installed.
The second was the "Toilets for Everyone Project" conducted by LIXIL. For every one
LIXIL integrated shower toilet purchased, a "sato" portable toilet was donated. The project
has succeeded in donating 400,000 units in two years. The advantage of this initiative is that
more toilets can be installed per year. On the other hand, the disadvantage is that by installing
too many toilets in a year, there is a high possibility that all the toilets will be out of sight andout of mind, resulting in unclean toilets.

The third is a toilet installation project conducted by Mikasa Corporation. Mikasa does notinstall toilets in developing countries or areas with low toilet penetration, but rather innational environmental reserves or in prosperous areas of the country. Mikasa is installing
nature-friendly toilets. That is the installation of toilets called "Mikalet”. Mikalet appears to
be a toilet with no disadvantages, such as no need for water and no stink . However, there are
two disadvantages. It costs a lot of money and it is not suitable for mass installation. While
toilets sold by TOTO, a major toilet manufacturer, cost approximately 250,000-350,000 yen,
the toilets sold by Mikasa cost at least 2.4 million yen, including the enclosure. Anotherdisadvantage is that only 16 units can be installed over a five-year period. Through theseprevious studies, I found that a toilet that crosses the elements of "leasability and ease of
installation like SATO" and "nature-friendly'' like “Mikalet" is necessary for a toilet that iseasy for women to use and nature-friendly.
I also thought of my own ideal toilet, referring to LIXIL and Mikasa's toilets. First, I used atoilet shaped like a pumping toilet. I want to achieve a bio-toilet by adding a mixture of cedar
chips and local soil to the toilet tank. The difference from other toilets is that originally only
cedar chips would be used, but by adding local soil, costs can be reduced. Also, if we canwork with a large company, we can use a toilet bowl that is less expensive per unit by mass
production, which would also reduce costs there.
4 Conclusions and Future Prospects
It is said that many of the toilets installed in foreign countries are not well managed,
resulting in unclean environments. If the toilets become unclean shortly after installation,
they will be wasted. Therefore, I thought it was necessary to keep the toilets clean. So I see
three different ways to do this.
The first is to get into the habit of cleaning the toilet. If the toilet is dirty after use, you canprevent it from getting dirty by setting a rule that you wipe it with toilet paper or brush it witha brush in the private room.
The second is to establish a profession to manage the toilets. It would be very efficient for
students to clean the toilets in schools because they would get into the habit of cleaning thetoilets from a young age and the toilets would become cleaner. And it is a good idea to leave
the toilets installed in public places to those who are in charge of toilet management. We
would like to establish a profession such as a toilet cleaner. This would help maintain acertain level of cleanliness. I also think that by increasing the number of occupations, it willlead to giving women who want to work but have been unable to do so a chance to find a job.
If the conditions for employment in those occupations were to be made only for women, Ithink it would lead to an increase in the employment rate of women, and at the same time,
improve the status of women.
The third is to make a video on how to use the toilet and how to make it a habit to go to thetoilet. For those who see a restroom for the first time, using a restroom is difficult and may
become a chore, so it is necessary to create videos on how to use the restroom andrecommendations to use the restroom so that people will become a little more attached to therestroom and the restroom will become a part of their daily lives. I think it is necessary to
make people more attached to toilets and make toilets a part of their daily lives.
Therefore, the result of my research is a project to install natural and women-friendly toilets
that are both "easy to install and easy to use like SATO" and "natural like MICARETTE," andto create a profession to manage the toilets. Two points.
Currently, I am considering the idea of establishing a company that hires toilet caretakers. I
would like to use the profits generated by the company to purchase equipment and otheritems to be placed in the restrooms. As shown in the figure on the right, (1) Establish acompany, (2) The company will take the initiative in the toilet installation project (3) Local
people will use thetoilets, and the usedcedar chips will begiven to local
farmers at the timeof cedar chip
replacement (4)Local farmers will
use the used cedar
chips as fertilizer togrow plants and major crops that can grow with less water,(5) Sell the resulting crops andproducts as fair trade products in developed countries (6) Receive a portion of the profits
from the sales (7) Use the profits to pay employees, procure equipment for local toilets, andinstall the next toilets.
Currently, we are considering ways to generate stable profits, such as by introducing aguaranteed buy-back program, but we would like to explore better ways to do this.
5 References
・UNICEF's main areas of activity (Toilet) October 24

https://www.unicef.or.jp/about_unicef/about_act01_03_sanitation.html
・World Toilet Day Project August 2nd
https://worldtoiletday.jp/
・Dangerous drinking water and lack of toilets lead to global health hazards SDGs ～Goal 6.
Safe water and toilets around the world～ October 6https://www.apiste.co.jp/column/detail/id=4612#h2_3
・Toilet situation in India – Aiming for zero open defecation July 26
https://www.lixil.com/jp/stories/stories_10/
・ 500 million people defecate in the open – the reason why the installation of toilets in India
is slow July 26
https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASKCR45GWKCRUHBI00F.html
・ Mikasa Co., Ltd. HP December 1
https://mikalet.jp/developing-country/
・united earth Want to improve hygiene in Cambodia by installing toilets December 1
https://mikalet.jp/developing-country/
・gooddo What is the world's toilet situation July 26
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/sdgs_2030/water_and_sanitation_sdgs/6126/
・“Toilet Project for Everyone” Want to save 2.3 billion people who cannot use toilets
December 1
https://miraimedia.asahi.com/lixil_minnanitoirewopj/
・Indian women's advancement in society: Current status and future November 8https://www.jetro.go.jp/biz/areareports/special/2018/0301/814ec5013db7eb13.htm
・Educational video of UNICEF in India calling out "Poop in the toilet!"https://dailynewsagency.com/2014/04/23/take-the-poo-to-the-y1u/

Overturn Child Abuse
improve the employment of single mother5201 Sarasa Aoyama
Abstract
According to the research about single mother, the rate of single parent in Europe ishigher than Japan, but the rate of the poor is lower.I would like to refer to the research, andmake good ideas.Single parents do this in each town, and the area becomes fine even though
it is a country.The office worker can lunch more happy,the younger can enjoy as if they are incity.
1 Introduction
We often hear about the news of child abuse.It means that there are many children
who should be saved.Actually the number of consultation about it is increasing.One of thecauses is the responsibility of raising children become large.About 30% of abusing people issingle parent who is in poor situation.First, I decide the goal: to improve the employment of
single parent.According to the research about single mother, the rate of single parent inEurope is higher than Japan, but the rate of the poor is lower.I would like to refer to theresearch, and make good ideas.

2 Discussion and implications
There are some kinds of abuse.Physical, mental, sexual, and neglect.Especially the
number of mental abuse is increasing since 2004 in Japan.About 50 % of the abusing people
who killed their children is biological mother.Today’s news about that reports the abusing
people is father, but real is different. The children abused physically are dead of violence.The
children abused mentarilly or sexually are dead of suicide, desease from stress.
In this research, to reduce the number of child abuse,I set the goal: to improve theemployment of single parent.
The keys of stating abuse are stress between family, feeling loneliness, the anxiety of living,or financially. The emotion about anxiety and loneliness in raising children is never
special.This connect with child abuse.We should solve these probrem.

3 Conclution

In this research, I want to suggest that single parents do mobile sales.By doing this,they can work efficiently.It covers many problems, for example, having time limit, need forsudden holidays.Single parents do this in each town, and the area becomes fine even though it
is a country.The office worker can lunch more happy,the younger can enjoy as if they are incity.
Mobile sales are very free.They can sell not only food, but also clothes, cosmetics,books andso on.They can sell anywhere so I think they had better be active in the countryside where
many elderly people hardly go shopping.And then the single parents can hear much advice
about raising child so it is good idea to get the chance to know how to raise children.
However there are many issues which should be solved.Doing mobile sales means using acar.So some people do not have driver license, so it is hard to start.Getting the license costs
much. The single parents in poor situations cannot pay the cost.Not only cost of license, butalso buying car cost. Cars are very expensive. Moreover, stating it needs any permission
applications. It cost too much. Working in an office is easy to start and earn much.But if thebusiness becomes good in mobile sales,the good point is much.

4 References
https://www.unicef.or.jp/library/pres_bn2003/pres_03_21.html
UNICEF November 05, 2021
https://www.ccap.or.jp/for-parent/childabuse
Child Abuse Prevention Center November 05,
5 Bibriography2021http://www.f.waseda.jp/k_okabe/semi-theses/2003Mayu.IMOTO.pdf Poverty insingle-mother households November 5, 2021
https://www.orangeribbon.jp/ about/child/data.php
Child Abuse Prevention Orange Ribbon Movement November 05, 2021
https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shinseido/links/index.html
STRENGTHS AND CHALLENGES OF SINGLE MOTHERS IN HELSINKI 2022 May 20
https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/265227/FINAL%20THESIS-.pdf?isAllowed=
y&sequence=2

The New Value of Soccer Club
~Solving Religion Problems by Soccer Club in Philippine~
Abstract
The purpose of my research is to manage a soccer club in the Philippines and to makethe club a model team for solving local problems. I would like to manage Fukuyama City
Club with a focus on "community development," obtain funding, and build a winning team.
We thought that the best way for a club that is still not well known and weak to obtain funds
is to utilize the good qualities of the community to attract capitalists and obtain funds. If they
can get funding, they can acquire good players, improve their training environment, andbecome stronger.
The Philippines was chosen as a research target because it is ranked No. 1 in terms of
the best countries for investment, and its economy is expected to grow in the future. Also, thePhilippine league has only six teams, making it easy to enter. The main issue in thePhilippines that I would like to solve through a community-based integrated club is the
economic disparity in the country. In contrast, I plan to solve this problem by building aground for players and the general public. This is related to the SDGs "Create a community
where people can continue to live.

1 Introduction
The purpose of my research is to operate a soccer club in the Philippines, asmentioned above, and to make the soccer club a model team for solving local problems.
There are countless problems in the world, but while local problems are smaller in scale thaninternational problems and easier to address, they come in a wide variety of forms, and thefunds available in each region are different, which limits what local governments can do andmakes it difficult to solve them. Therefore, we thought that soccer clubs could take theinitiative in solving regional problems to achieve their goals. There are many soccer clubs
around the world, large and small, and each has its own "color" rooted in the local
community. That is why I thought that by creating a model team to solve local problems in
the Philippines, it could be applied to various regions. Fukuyama City Club is one of the few
clubs that aim to be a comprehensive club that solves local issues. Fukuyama City Club is aworking adult soccer club based in Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture, and is aiming tojoin the J-League, a professional league. It is currently a member of the Chugoku Soccer
League, a regional league. Unlike conventional clubs, Fukuyama City Club is focused on"community development" and uses soccer as part of that approach. Fukuyama City has noprofessional sports team, and many people feel a sense of inferiority and cannot confidently
call Fukuyama a "Fukuyama" city. Fukuyama City is facing a declining population and ashrinking economy, and as is typical for a rural area, the city is heading in the direction of
decline. (Fig. 2) Fukuyama City Club is a soccer club that aims to express soccer in a waythat is impressive and inspiring to anyone who sees it, since many people are new to the sport
or watching soccer for the first time. The Fukuyama City Club is proposing ways tocontribute to the needs of local businesses and municipalities through sports. There are alsoplans that involve not only the local community but also local companies and local
governments, such as proposing ways to contribute through sports to the needs of local
companies and local governments in relation to soccer, and proposing facilities for thewelfare and health care of local companies. I am interested in such a philosophy, which is nota conventional charity project such as soccer schools or volunteer activities, but rather aninvestment project, and I wonder if this could be applied to regions around the world.
My hypothesis is that "the economic disparity in the Philippines will not be entirely
solved by soccer clubs, but the disparity for some people will be eliminated or reduced. The
most appropriate way to verify this is to actually operate a soccer club in the Philippines, butsince this is not realistically possible in the near future, I would like to simulate how muchcapital I can bring in and how much construction, maintenance, and labor costs my plan will
incur. I would like to know how much it will cost to build, maintain, and staff my plan.

2 Discussion and implications● About Comprehensive Clubs that Solve Local Problems
A club that aims to contribute to the community by taking advantage of the fact thatclubs are located in different areas, setting up and implementing a style of play tailored to thearea, and conducting activities linked to local issues. Fukuyama City Club is an example of acitizen-participating club that provides sports in other sports and for multiple generations,develops human resources, engages in cultural activities, and solves local issues in theprocess.
● Fukuyama City Club

Fukuyama City Club is a working people's soccer club based in Fukuyama City,
Hiroshima Prefecture, and aims to join the J-League. The following is an excerpt from
Fukuyama City Football Club.
"In November 2019, we changed our name from (a) Fukuyama Sports Community
Club (hereafter referred to as Fukuyama SCC). Fukuyama SCC is an organization thatincorporated the voluntary "Let's build a professional soccer club in Fukuyama" in June 2015,
and Fukuyama City Club will maintain the philosophy of Fukuyama SCC from its inception,
which is to provide sports to people of various backgrounds and generations, as well as toengage in human resource development and cultural activities to solve local issues. We are
now a comprehensive club that solves local issues, and we are promoting activities that
propose a healthy and stylish lifestyle for Fukuyama 100 years into the future.
Fukuyama City Club is taking a two-step approach to community creation. First, we
get to know the city of Fukuyama, and then we discuss what changes we can make as a clubwith an eye toward the club's philosophy. So they started their activities by first looking
around the city and discussing its history. Next, they connect it to soccer. How do we connect
this to soccer? We build a style of play that suits the city. The foundation of the project is the
local community, and on top of that, there is the expression of soccer.
Fukuyama has a population of 470,000 and a relatively stable economy, but it is asomewhat closed, conservative, and unique cultural area that is neither Hiroshima nor
Okayama. And because there is no professional sports team, many people feel inferior andcannot confidently describe Fukuyama as such. The challenge is that the population is going
to decline, the economy is shrinking, and the city is going to move in the direction of decline,
as is usual in rural areas.
Fukuyama City Club has a philosophy of "pioneering and challenging" to enliven thecity through sports. As for soccer, many people are new to the sport or watching soccer for
the first time, so we have set the phrase "ambitious football" to express soccer that strikes andmoves anyone who sees it. Specifically, this means playing soccer in which we take theinitiative in offense and defense. In order to realize this style of play, we create a gamemodel.
● Game Model
The Catalan Football Association, the home of the world-famous FC Barcelona and aleader in soccer tactics, defines the game model as follows.

"The regular and systematic organization and collective behavior that the coachexpresses and desires for his team in the various moments of the game." (Catalan Football
Association)
Simply put, this is a set of rules of play, individual or collective, adapted to eachsituation of the game, in the team in order to make the players carry out the vision that thecoach has set out to win the game. It is important to create this game model. It is important tocreate a game model because it is a common set of principles for the team that the players canuse as a foundation for their play. This model of play can range from the broad to the specific,
and the idea is to take the broad and put it into the specific. And many factors influence its
creation. There are the local cultures and their challenges.
In the case of Fukuyama City Club, the challenges in the region include economic
decline, population influx, and a sense of inferiority, so we set forth a rough game model(style of play) of soccer in which the club takes the lead in offense and defense.
● Vision
Fukuyama City Club aims to create a team that the local community will support evenif we do not win. However, the club I am aiming for is a team that wins. The reason for this isthat if we win, we will receive money, which will lead to further development of the club. I
also believe that winning is the easiest way to prove that the vision of the team we have beenworking on is correct.
In addition, in order to solve the economic disparity and lack of infrastructure in thePhilippines, I am considering the establishment of a soccer ground and gymnasium that will
be fully operated by the club. The ground and gymnasium would be available for use by bothprofessional players affiliated with the club and the general public, and if used by the generalpublic, it would be free of charge, though only during hours that do not interfere with theprofessional players' practice. This will have four effects. The first is that all people,
regardless of money, will be able to experience and enjoy sports. Sports can also lead to thehealth of citizens and the development of local communities. Second, by watchingprofessional athletes practice up close, being amazed at their awesomeness, andcommunicating with them, we can expect attendance at games and spectator income. Third,
children who experience the joy of the sport and watch a game will become interested insoccer and join the club's developmental age school, which will enable the club toconsistently develop good players and earn transfer fees if those players move to big overseas
clubs. Fourth, it requires employment to maintain the grounds and gymnasiums, which leads

to job security. This can reduce income inequality. As clubs become stronger, watchinggames will become a part of tourism, leading to tourism around the area, which will in turnlead to the development of infrastructure. If the infrastructure is improved and employment issecured to some extent, the city will become a place where people want to live, and this willlead to SDG 11, "Create a city where people can continue to live.
● Money
The main sources of funding for clubs are sponsorship fees, revenue from productsales, J-League distributions, and admission fees. All of these will increase if the club wins.
Using these funds to acquire good players and improve facilities will lead to the developmentof the club.
● Investment
Of the aforementioned sources of funds, sponsorship income represents a particularlyhigh percentage. The best way to obtain sponsorship income efficiently is to bring goodinvestors into the club. There is a foreign team that has been able to win because of a change
in investors and an increase in funds. Manchester City. This team is based in Manchester,
England, and until the early 2000s, they were a Premier League team that was repeatedly
relegated and promoted. However, in 2008, the team became part of the Abu Dhabi United
Group, a UAE-based company with total assets of 100 trillion yen, which used the extra
money to acquire star players one after another and develop the team into one of the best in
the world.
For a small club to be invested in by a large company is a very difficult thing to do.
So, The best way to be invested is to promote this in a country where it is very easy to getinvestment. Therefore, I decided to do my research in a country where investment is easy tocome by: according to U.S. News & World Report, the number one country in the world forinvestment is the Philippines. The Philippines is the 13th most populous country in the world.
The population pyramid is beautifully shaped like Mt. Fuji, and the average age of the
population is 24 years old, making it a very healthy country compared to other countries. In
other words, it has a large working-age population. This is a period when the ratio of theworking-age (15 to 65) population to the total population continues to rise, known as thedemographic dividend period, or is absolutely high, and an increase in the population
engaged in production is expected to lead to economic growth. The demographic bonus
period is expected to end in 2062, which is a very long time since Japan's demographic bonus

period ended in 2005. This situation is similar to Japan's period of rapid economic growth,and the Philippines is expected to experience economic growth in the future. In addition, thePhilippines has only 6 clubs in the league, which is small even by global standards, making it
easy to enter the league. In addition, the Philippines has a low FIFA ranking of 129th (out of
206, February 10, 2022), but the number of FIFA points earned has risen dramatically since
2018, and the country has room to grow in both soccer popularity and strength.
For these reasons, I aim to contribute to the local community by creating acomprehensive club in the Philippines that solves local problems.
● Community-based
If a soccer club is not loved by the community, people will not come to watch thegames, and conversely, the club will become a liability to the community. Therefore, it isnecessary to become a club that is loved by the community. To this end, I think it is important
to make steady visits to the local shopping district and other places. An example of this is
Kawasaki Frontale. Kawasaki Frontale is located in Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture,
which has long been considered a "sports wasteland. It was in 1991 that the Lotte Orions,formerly the Lotte Marines, moved its home base from Kawasaki to Chiba.
Verdy Kawasaki, formerly Tokyo Verdy, moved its home base from Kawasaki to Tokyo in
2001.
In 1996, Kawasaki Frontale was born. At first, the team was in J2 and not very strong,so the attendance was only sparse. However, the team's high-profile players who participatedin matches actively contributed to the local community, and the staff made numerous trips tothe city's shopping district to promote the team, which helped the team gain the trust andpopularity of the local residents.
● Problems in the Philippines
The problem in the Philippines is the lack of infrastructure. In particular, there aremany issues in terms of water supply, sewage, and transportation. Sewage treatment isinadequate to the point of polluting the surrounding ocean. In terms of transportation, thecountry is unable to keep up with the growing population of the Philippines, resulting infrequent traffic jams, and transportation costs (social losses caused by traffic) amounting to 6
billion yen in Japanese yen. If this is left unchecked, it will balloon to 15 billion yen by 2030.
What offers hope is josui. Water supply has been provided by the local Mynilad company.
However, the water supply infrastructure was inadequate, with a 78% water supplypenetration rate and a 32% 24-hour water supply rate, and the residents of Metro Manila did
not have adequate water supply services, but by 2018 the water supply penetration rate had
improved to 94% and the 24-hour water supply rate to 98%. This is due to the active support
of a Japanese company, Marubeni Corporation. We would like to collaborate with Marubeni
from now on.

3 Conclusion
If what is discussed in the vision can become a reality, we expect the hypothesis to beachievable. The challenge for the future is what kind of capitalists and foreign companies will
support and finance this plan.

4 Referneces
Creating Local Communities through the Game Model. Fukuyama City FC's New Challenge |footballista | Footballista
https://www.footballista.jp/special/91943
2021/9/17
How to create a game model: 13 actions (basics) - notehttps://note.com ' Sakamoto Kei
Football Evolution University
https://note.com/sakamotokei68/n/nd23594685bfb
2021/12/16
J-League club job descriptions at a glance! - Foot Ball Business
https://reimond.jp2021/12/16
Why was the Philippines voted "No. 1 Country for Investment"?
(Gentosha Gold Online) - Yahoo!
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/c4f0935e056f0bf1d2b5b04edd2b3b70d9ad59ad?page=2

Graph①The goal of SDGs11

②Issues in Fukuyama City

③Rough overview of thegame model④The organization chart of Jclub

⑤Philippines Population Pyramid in 2019⑥FIFA Ranking and Points Earned by thePhilippine National Soccer Team andComparison with the Japanese National TeamThe practical application of the “Healthy Menu Pick-up Service”
ーTo solve the problems of lifestyle-related diseases, FLW, and hungerー5203 Yuri Asai
Abstract
In this research,I suggest the “Healthy Menu Pick-up Service” as a solution oflifestyle-related diseases and FLW(Food Loss and Waste) problems in developed countries,
and hunger in developing countries.This enables users to receive nutritionally balanced
meals,to prevent lifestyle-related diseases, and reduce the burden on users and food loss
because it eliminates the hassle of shopping at the supermarket.Furthermore,I would like tocontribute to solve the problem of hunger by donating a portion of the service fees in thisapplication to countries that are suffering from hunger issues through the cooperation ofcompanies such as TABLE FOR TWO, which connects developed and developing countries
and provides school lunches.Also by adopting the BOPIS (Buy Online Pickup In Store)system for the operation of this system, various grocery retailers, including large and small
companies, will be able to adopt and carry out the system, which will not only solve theworld's food problems, but also improve the efficiency of supermarket management andfurther increase the profit margin.
１ Introduction
Since last year,I have been researching three issues related to food. In recent years,"FLW" and "lifestyle-related diseases" have become problems not only in Japan but also in
the world.
Despite the fact that there are 900 million undernourished and malnourished people in
the world, and about one in eight people suffer from malnutrition, a large amount of food loss
is occurring in developed countries. In Japan, 6.12 million tons of food is wasted every year,of which 46% are still edible. Among this food loss, 46 % is household waste. The
percentage of household waste is 57% for leftovers, 23% for damaged food, and 11% for
out-of-date food. This indicates that the most common cause of food loss is leftovers due toexcessive food purchases.Thus, food waste is created in developed countries due to an
oversupply of food, while it's a serious problem to be poverty in developing countries called"food imbalance" I like to eat, and I am very thankful for food. I often try to plan menus, andsearch for delicious food on the Internet in my daily life, but when I learned about the current

situation, I wanted to solve the food loss and hunger problems as soon as possible so that all
people can be healthy, be thankful for the food we are given, and not waste it.
In addition, lifestyle-related diseases have become such a serious problem in Japanthat they are ranked in the top three causes of death. In other countries such as the U.S., thePhilippines, and India, the number of people suffering from high blood pressure, heartdisease, and diabetes has been increasing due to the westernization of food styles. Throughthis research, I hope to reduce the number of such people with pre-lifestyle-related diseases
and extend their healthy lifespan by continuing to lead appropriate lifestyles.
For those reasons, I carried out research until last year, and finally proposed a"healthy menu pick-up service”. In this system, anyone, including nutritionists, doctors, anddieters can register on the application, users select their favorite menu from the "healthymenus" proposed by those,a nearby supermarket picks up the ingredients, provides them toconsumers in a store and the consumers cook at home.
A portion of the fees will be sent to developing countries to cover the cost of school
lunches for children in the form of financial aid, thereby providing an opportunity to promote
self-reliance in developing countries.
As mentioned above,I suggested the application last year.This application, whilemodeling an existing system, is a completely new food delivery service.The application isbased on BOPIS, which is currently actively implemented in other countries and is becoming
popular in Japan as well.BOPIS is a store pick-up and layaway service, which customers canpick up items on the internet and receive them at a physical store. For consumers,it has theadvantages of buying cheaper than online shopping that is delivered to the customer's home,and shortening the time spent in the physical store.For businesses,it helps to improvecustomer satisfaction, reduce logistics costs, and promote store visits.Although the term
"BOPIS" is not well known, it attracts attention from various companies.It is based on the"meal kit" service that delivers necessary ingredients with recipes to reduce the burden of
cooking for themselves, the "online supermarket" business that picks up food from stores anddelivers it to their homes, such as "AEON Net Super",and the "cooking recipe community
website" typified by Cookpad. It can be said to be an innovative application by utilizing theseideas in a new way. It could encourage further development of the food business and promote
food education on a global scale by solving food problems that are occurring around theworld.
The research question for this study is "What are the benefits for supermarkets andusers in food pickup and layaway services?

The main focus of the project is to consider in more detail what this system is needed
to realize the operation of the "Healthy Menu Pick-up Service". Especially, how much of theusage fee will be spent on delivery to provide the food,on the operation of the application,and on supporting developing countries.Also,supermarkets are essential to develop thissystem on a global scale. Therefore, it is important to find a way to attract the attention ofcompanies that operate supermarkets, and to make them feel profitable enough to continue
adopting this service. From this, I will research the management methods of related
supermarket businesses by using the Internet and books, etc., and research the services andbusinesses that food companies are seeking through fieldwork in order to realize this service
is adopted.
２Discussion and implications
・hypothesis
The hypothesis for the research question, "What are the benefits for supermarkets andusers of food pick-up and drop-off services”?is that :(1) They can reduce waste and optimize
labor costs by adjusting Inventory (2)Small supermarkets that do not have such a system caneasily be introduced because the app takes care of order information management (3) They
can increase sales by posting advertisements in the app. Although (1) is an advantage for thesupermarket side, it is difficult to imagine that the profit would be large enough to gather
many supermarkets. The second is that the application will manage inventory in one place,but it is not certain possible to gather and manage inventory information from various
supermarkets in one application.Also,the solutions of (3) has still a question as to when it can
provides a service that favors one supermarket among those registered from large to small
scale supermarkets,it would only benefit the large supermarkets.
・Examples of BOPIS applications and sales rates around the world
The following graph shows the change in online purchasing rates in the U.S. From2018 to the present, online grocery sales have grown rapidly since the COVID-19 and are
expected to continue to do so in the future.Like Japan, the online grocery category has been
the slowest to progress, but it grew by +6.8% from 2019 to 2020 thanks to BOPIS andcurbside pickups, which can handle a large number of orders. In particular, major distributors
such as Walmart and Target have maintained BOPIS in recent years and increased sales
significantly.Walmart, speaking at the NRF in January 2021, announced that "five years ofchange happened in five weeks at their company ( not five months). '' and "increased its timeslot for receiving BOPIS by 40 times more than before COVID-19.As such, the demand for

BOPIS implementation is strong, and it is obvious that sales will increase dramatically with
its introduction. However, when small and medium-sized enterprises introduce BOPIS, It
must be considered the costs, benefits, and advantages of introducing BOPIS.

←Change and projected growth in online purchasing rates of U.S. Grocery (Source:
Mercatus)
https://forbesjapan.com/articles/detail/42513/2/1/1
・Benefits of implementing BOPIS for supermarkets
First, the most important advantage of online purchasing is that it can cut time to buy
food in stores. BOPIS does not require customers to select products and go through acheckout counter, which is different from in-store purchasing.Another advantage is that it
reduces logistics costs.To deliver products to every customer who purchases products from an
e-commerce store, sorting products by delivery destination and arranging delivery trucks
become complicated, and logistics costs tend to increase. However, the products received ateach store can be sorted by store and delivery trucks can be arranged in bulk, which has theadvantage of greatly reducing distribution costs.An additional benefit is that the number oforders can be ascertained in advance, thereby reducing labor costs. Thus, it can be seen thatthe introduction of BOPIS has benefits and advantages for the implementer as well.

← Advantages Customers Perceive in
Online Shoppinghttps://www.yieldify.com/blog/bopis-retail-ecommerce/
However, there is also a difficulty in implementing BOPIS: since BOPIS accepts
orders at the same time as store purchases, the number of orders may increase too much to
keep up with the response, and space in the store may become inadequate. To solve thisproblem, it will be necessary to assign a specific capacity to be in charge of BOPIS orders
and facilitate a dedicated space set up in the store, but this will be difficult for small andmedium-sized companies to implement.

← Difficult points of BOPIS implementation
https://www.shopify.com/retail/bopis
・BOPIS Case Studies
In this section, I will refer to actual cases in which BOPIS has been implemented.
First, let us mention a case study in Japan. Yodobashi Camera, MUJI, Workman, Nitori,
Sushiro, Aeon Retail, and others have introduced BOPIS for a wide range of goods, including
general merchandise, clothing, and food. Among them, there are two examples of efficient
BOPIS handling: the use of "Smart Locker" and "Curbside Pickup".The smart locker system
has the advantage that the customer and the clerk can exchange goods without contact, as theclerk picks up the ordered items and places them in the locker, and the customer picks up theitems from the locker. Curbside pickup means that ordered items are picked up at the store's
dedicated parking lot, which has the advantage of reducing the cost of delivery to thecustomer's home. In addition, Starbucks, Wal-Mart, Home Depot, and Nike have introduced
BOPIS overseas, and Wal-Mart, a major U.S. supermarket company that pioneered andactively developed BOPIS, has introduced robots for picking up merchandise and installedlockers for pickup. This has enabled the company to reduce labor costs, efficiently respond tolarge orders, and dramatically increase sales.I am considering substituting these successful
cases for the "Healthy Menu Pick Up Service”. Although initial investment is required, I
believe it is important to encourage large companies to install robots and lockers, and tofurther convince other companies of the benefits of BOPIS implementation.
・How to implement BOPIS in small and medium-sized enterprises
In the retail industry, labor and real estate costs eat into gross profit margins, and there
are many supermarkets with low profit margins, especially in the food retail industry. BOPIS
can contribute to improving the profitability of retailers, both as a labor-saving solution tocope with the difficulty of securing personnel due to the declining working population and asa space-saving solution based on the reduction of sales floor space.However, as described in
the previous section, BOPIS requires a large initial investment due to the need for equipment
and system facilities, so it is not easy for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),
especially the self-employed, to adopt it. Therefore, in 2020, "Bopis Cloud" provided by
GLC Corporation, which offers digitization solutions utilizing AI and other advanced
technologies, was approved as a target tool for the IT Introduction Subsidy 2020. The No. 1
company in the home delivery locker industry, and "Bopis Cloud," which is linked to the"Full Time Pickup Locker," a locker system from Full Time System, and has been used infood supermarkets in Tokyo to provide a product pickup locker service. The IT introduction
subsidy is a program that subsidizes a portion of the cost of introducing IT tools to SMEs andsmall-scale businesses that intend to introduce IT tools. In other words, SMEs that find it
difficult to implement BOPIS from a cost perspective will be able to receive subsidies for the
introduction of BOPIS, making it relatively easy and quick to introduce and implement
BOPIS. Since this subsidy program started in 2020, there are still few examples and thedetails of the actual situation are not yet known, so I would like to continue my research inthis area.
3 Conclusion
By introducing BOPIS to the "Healthy Menu Pick Up Service" system, which canencourage healthy eating habits among users and take advantage of meal kits that do notwaste food ingredients, it is possible to reduce labor costs, develop new customers, and cut

distribution costs, making it easy to invite many companies to join the system. The need for alarge initial investment can also be facilitated by IT subsidies, etc.To make it easy tointroduce the system,it allows a wide variety of grocery companies, from large to small, toparticipate in this system, resulting in the protection and distribution of the world's food, andstreamlining distribution. However, I would like to continue its research, as it may lackspecifics regarding the subsidy system and how the application would be operated.
4 References
2022.6.18「Over 60s Digitized in a Year of COVID-19 in the U.S. Buying Behavior」
https://forbesjapan.com/articles/detail/42513/2/1/1
2022.8.1「BOPIS Strategy In Retail and eCommerce With Examples」
https://www.yieldify.com/blog/bopis-retail-ecommerce/
2022.10.9「Start selling with Shopify today」
https://www.shopify.com/retail/bopis
5 Bibliography2022.5.20「The Effects of the Antecedents of “Buy-Online-Pick-Up-In-Store” Service on
Consumer’s BOPIS Choice Behaviour」Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/23/9989
2022.6.2「Life cycle assessment of supermarket food waste」University of Borås
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344916303676
2022.6.12「Dynamic courier routing for a food delivery service」University at Buffalo, NewYork
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305054819300681
2022.7.1「Are meal kits health promoting? Nutritional analysis of meals from an Australianmeal kit service」Oxford University
https://academic.oup.com/heapro/article-abstract/36/3/660/5908259?login=false
2022.7.10「Deliver Me from food waste: Model framework for comparing the energy use ofmeal-kit delivery and groceries」University of Texas at Austin
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095965261932

The Creation Of New Value In Music～Estabilishing “MUSE”, distributing impartial and stable chances～
ーCreating new value and chances MUSE Stabilization of Incomeー5204 Ryusei Azami○Abstract
It seems to be rapidly that the use and spread of subscription in commercial music markets
such as streaming services have been spreading throughout the world these days.Only few
musicians, who are prominent in composing music and writing lyrics appear to obtain profits.
This circumstance has been making it possible for them to render their songs one ofworldwide popular songs overnight.
However, there are innumerable musicians whose technique and performances are
extremely great, whereas their music is not assessed in valid ways due to the circumstances
they are surrounded by. A very small portion of musicians get extremely high and insane
amounts of money, nevertheless a large portion of musicians (even if they have greatcompetence to make music) can get lower incomes.
Then, I propose founding the music community ‘MUSE’ which consists of numerous
musicians on the internet and reforming existing systems lying in the streaming service
market. Stabilization of musicians’ income, additionally, reforming management policy of thecompanies which administer streaming services are the MUSE’s duty. It’s unique to MUSE
that it has a fund which supprts income insuranse for musicians.
１ Introduction○Background and purpose of this research
Nowadays, the spread of subscription music distribution services represented by various
subscriptions and video sharing platforms such as YouTube has made it possible for us, theaudience, to enjoy music more easily and widely. However, musicians without large-scale
live performances or CD income have nothing that can be called a stable source of income.
Although their main source of income is from live music venues, their activities are restricted
due to infection control measures, and they are in a difficult financial situation. Therefore, we
wondered if musicians of even more genres than now could also have opportunities to earn
income through the Internet (e.g., video streaming income, fan club income, etc.), which until
now has been considered a source of income only for prominent musicians. The researchquestion for this study was "How can we build a mechanism or framework that can turn1

income through the Internet, which has been regarded as an unstable source of income, into astable source of income?
○Examination of the previous researches
While there have been many studies that consider the existing streaming service system as aproblem in foreign countries, relatively few of them have been the subject of research inJapan. In addition, many of the studies only analyzed and criticized the current situation, andthis study aimed to break away from such a situation and enter the stage of proposing
solutions.
○Research Method(1) To understand how much of the CD sales are paid to musicians and to seek
improvements based on an understanding of the current situation.
2) To understand how much profit the subscription distribution service brings to musicians byanalyzing the data.
(iii) Devise a system that can generate stable income through a more intimate relationshipbetween musicians and audiences via the Internet, and investigate similar existing systems.
(iv) Investigate what kind of system is actually effective and feasible through visits toprofessors and companies related to the economics department, mainly during the summer
vacation.
(5) Based on (1) through (4), make proposals that will enable us to achieve the objectives of
the research.
２ Main DIscussion〈１Transition of the media in the music market〉
In recent years, there has been a noticeable change in the medium of use of music content in
the domestic market: fewer consumers are purchasing CDs to enjoy music, and moreconsumers are purchasing and using music content via digital services such as streaming
services. (See Figure 1 (Breakdown of production and sales performance over the past 10
years))
Referring to Figure 1, it is clear that the percentage of actual sales of music distribution(digital services) per year has been increasing, but at the same time, the overall value of
actual sales has been declining steadily, indicating that the decline in sales of audio records
such as CDs However, at the same time, the overall value of actual sales has been declining
steadily, and it is expected that the rate of increase in sales of music distribution (digital
services) is smaller than the volume. Based on the above, it can be said that in order to2increase overall sales in the Japanese music market (not including live performances andconcerts), it is necessary to further promote the spread of digital services, a new music usage
medium.
（↓Figure1 breakdown of the last ten years’ sum production and sales ）Next、there is analysis of alteration in the music playback media in the music market
throughout the world.
〈２Alteration In The Music Playback Media In Global Market〉
Figure 2 below
illustrates the evolution ofsales of usage media in
the global music market
over the past 20 years
since 2001. The main
focus of this report is on
Physical (audio records
and other physical media)
and Streaming (streaming
services) and their overallsales.
Until 2015, the decline in
Physical sales was
accompanied by a decline3

in overall music market sales. The music market as a whole has been on a downward trend
in line with the decline in physical sales until 2015. However, since 2015, Streaming has
been on a downward trend. Since 2015, however, Streaming's share has increased rapidly,
accounting for more than half of the $2.16 billion (¥216 billion) in total sales.
Figure 2 Streaming Drives Global Music Industry Resurgence
Comparing this data with the data analyzed in Fig. 1, it is clear that the Japanese music
market is the largest music market in the world. What is more, It can be seen that theJapanese music market has been slower to adopt streaming services than the global music
market as a whole.
Figure 3 shows that CD sales in the U.S. have been declining since the early 2000s, with agraph peaking at approximately 9 million
copies sold in the 2000s.
Figure3 The Rise and Fall of the Compact
Dis（million sale/vertical axis ）↑Figure4 Domestic CD sales(Note1)
Figure 4 above also shows the number ofCDs sold in the domestic music market.
Compared to Figure 3, the graphs of CDsales trends are very similar, both

domestically andinternationally. Thissuggests that more andmore companies in thedomestic music market will
focus on the developmentof streaming services, andat the same time, the shift4to streaming services is inevitable in order to keep up with the further development andglobalization of the market.
So far, we have analyzed the transition of media used in the domestic and international music
market. Next, we will focus on streaming services, which have appeared several times in thisanalysis.
〈3 Income disparity among musicians in streaming services〉
While the market for streaming services is expected to develop in the future, as mentioned
above, we will analyze the data here in terms of the distribution of income from existing
streaming services.
First, we would like to mention that among streaming services, there is a large difference inthe number of times each musician has played a song.
Referring to Figure 5 below, we can see the distribution of play counts for each song whenplayed 10,000 times at random. As can be seen from the graph, musicians with more than 100
plays represent less than 0.4% of the total number of plays. Conversely, we can also see thatthe majority of songs, less than 90%, have not reached 10 play counts. Although it is only aprediction, it is conceivable that the hits that appear on our streaming service are an evensmaller fraction of the musicians in the top tier. All of this suggests that there is a marked
disparity in play counts even within streaming platforms, and that playback is concentrated
on a few popular songs.

5↑Figure5 Distribution across a random sample of 10,000 streams.

↑Figure6 Degitalisation was associated with increasing dominace of top 1% of attists, withstreaming came recovery of revenues.
It is also self-evident from Figure 6 that the monopoly in the number of views also leads to alarge disparity in income. David Hesmondhalgh of the University of Leeds, UK, the creatorof the data from which Figure 6 is drawn, also referred to Figure 6 as follows.
“We might be able to assume that the top 0.4% will earn enough to live on, and that thebottom 90% will struggle. But how many of the 9.6% between them can sustain a living
based on music? ”
This again confirms that the disparity in play counts has created a situation where manymusicians "cannot live on streaming alone.
From Figures 5 and 6 above, it can be considered that the income given to musicians bystreaming services is a monopoly or oligopoly due to the large disparity in play counts andassociated income.
Here, we will introduce a case study in the U.S. in which musicians have created acommunity among themselves and earned revenue without relying on existing streaming
services.

6

〈Jammcard-The music Professional Network〉(Note2)Many of the current members of the Jam Card reside in Los Angeles, New York,Nashville, and Atlanta in the United States, and have worked as support members for famous
artists in the past.
In addition, since there is no employment relationship among the Jammcard members,
there is almost no hierarchical relationship between the musicians from a financial
standpoint.
Therefore, as you can see from the many videos posted on the Jammcard channel on
Youtube, there is no promotion focusing only on specific musicians in all aspects of live
performances and music production. The titles and remarks of their videos of live sessions
always include the names of all the Jammcard members involved. From the above, it can beassumed that the relationship between the jam card members is extremely equal.
It can be said that the Jam Card system adopts a kind of "quality over quantity" system.
This system is possible only in the U.S., where many of the world's leading musicians resideand where music culture is strongly rooted.
Here, in this study, we propose the following to improve the aforementioned income disparity
problem, based on the Jammcard system as well.
４ The Conclusions And The Perspectives〈〜MUSE-A Music Community-〉
I propose the creation of a music community called "MUSE" to address the issues
presented in this study. I believe that the existing streaming service market system cannot
avoid the instability of musicians' income. We believe that it is necessary to revamp theexisting streaming service system and provide a new system in which musicians' income isstable. Therefore, we decided to establish MUSE as a company that provides a new streaming

7

service, instead of a company that operates the existing streaming service. From theperspective of management, we have set forth a business structure and three management
policies, as well as three specific methods of delivering music that are different from those ofordinary bands and streaming services. The specific details are shown in the figure below.
I propose the creation of a music community called "MUSE" to address the issues presented
in this study. I believe that the existing streaming service market system cannot avoid theinstability of musicians' income. We believe that it is necessary to revamp the existing
streaming service system and provide a new system in which musicians' income is stable.
Therefore, we decided to establish MUSE as a company that provides a new streaming
service, instead of a company that operates the existing streaming service. From theperspective of management, we have set forth a business structure and three management
policies, as well as three specific methods of delivering music that are different from those ofordinary bands and streaming services. The specific details are shown in the figure below.
【MUSE】is a musical community of musicians from around the world.
MUSE is a community of musicians from all over the world who have diverse
backgrounds and skills, but are not well-known or well-paid.
MUSE musicians with diverse backgrounds and skills, but who have yet to gain
recognition and sufficient income.
MUSE aims to create unprecedented music and distribute it worldwide.
Music that could not be produced by individual musicians alone will be created.
Music that could not be produced by individual musicians alone will be created.
The following are some of the ways in which the existing streaming service system will be
revamped to stabilize musicians' income.
In order to stabilize their income, the following three management policies have been
established.
〈Administrative Strategy〉
1) Implement radical market reform in a completely new way.
Implement radical market reforms to revamp existing streaming services, which havedestabilized the income of many musicians.
(2) Make existing streaming service operators into subsidiaries and establish a holding
company.
8In order to change the management policies of the current streaming service operators, aholding company will be created by holding the majority of the shares of these companies.
(3) Implement a unique income insurance system for MUSE musicians.
In order to stabilize the income of MUSE musicians, we will operate our own income
insurance system to supplement the income of MUSE musicians in the months when theirincome is low.
In order to implement these management policies, MUSE's business form will be changed
toMUSE is a joint-stock company and a fund (investment trust management company) that
implements the income insurance system.
MUSE is proposed to be both a stock company and a fund (mutual fund managementcompany) that implements the income insurance program.
The fund (investment trust management company) to manage the MUSE income insurance
and the structure of the income insurance system are explained in a simplified mannerstarting on the latter half of page 7.
Next, we will explain how MUSE's business is managed in the market based on the diagram.

〔The System of the MUSE〕(1) Musicians register with MUSE and provide their own music.

9(2) Musicians can add value to their music by producing special music, opening a radio
channel, creating music videos, etc. within MUSE, which cannot be done by an individual
musician. (The characteristics of music distribution are explained on page 9 and beyond.
(The features of music distribution are explained on page 9 and beyond.)(3) MUSE will provide high value-added songs to existing streaming services, and in return,
MUSE as a whole will earn a large dividend, which will be returned to individual musicians.
(4) MUSE will use the surplus of the income obtained in (iii) above, after deducting theincome to be given to musicians, as a source of funds, and will invest it in the following two
ways.
(i) To hold a large amount of shares of a company that operates an existing streaming
service, aiming to form a holding company.
(ii) MUSE will act as a fund to stabilize musicians' income and implement an income
insurance system.
Through the above projects, MUSE aims to create a new streaming service market systemcentered on MUSE.
Next, the aforementioned funds (investment trusts and investment trust managementcompanies) and MUSE's own income insurance system in which MUSE serves as a fund are
explained.

（Figure6）（Figure7）

In mutual funds, the system will be managed as shown in Figures 6 and 7 above.
MUSE manages a large number of investors in mutual funds as musicians, and also manages
dividends as income insurance money.

10

The result of this system is shown in Figures 8 and 9 below. As a result, funds will be
managed in a system similar to that shown in Figures 8 and 9 below.

（↑Figure8）（↑Figure9）〈MUSE-style Income Insurance System Operation Method〉(1) Musicians entrust their surplus income to MUSE, a fund.
(2) MUSE, a fund (investment trust management company), manages the funds in adiversified manner through stocks and bonds. (*In this case, the fund invests mainly in stocks
and bonds issued by existing streaming service operators. The significance of this method is
described below.)(3) MUSE manages the dividends and interest earned by the investment trust, and provides
them to the musicians as income insurance money under the income insurance system whenthe musicians' income declines.
(ii) In (ii), the management of mainly stocks and bonds of existing streaming service
operators has the significance that MUSE owns a large number of stocks of existing
streaming service operators and is part of the business of forming a holding company.

〈MUSE-style income insurance program〉...Each musician sets a certain income standard, and in months when his/her income exceeds
the standard, the surplus is deducted from his/her salary as a source of funds to be invested by
MUSE. Conversely, in months when their income is below the standard, they receive
insurance payments from funds invested by MUSE to supplement their income.

11〈Three features in music distribution〉(1) MUSE musicians from around the world selected by MUSE members
MUSE musicians are selected by MUSE members from all over the world through an
online nomination process*1.
(2) Regular collaborations with renowned artists(2) Periodic collaborations with famous artists: In order to increase MUSE's visibility,
MUSE regularly invites famous musicians to create music for MUSE, and disseminates theirsound recordings. (1) and (3) are not possible without maintaining MUSE's name recognition
through (2).
(3) Establishment of a special section for MUSE in streaming services.
(3) Establishment of a special section for MUSE within streaming services (4)Establishment of a channel or radio station for MUSE within existing streaming services tosolve the current situation of monopoly and oligopoly by a few musicians. 2※1 Musicians who become MUSE musicians are not permanently protected by MUSE, but
can continue to belong to MUSE only when they meet certain criteria in periodic voting by
MUSE members (MUSE exclusive application or channel subscribers in the streaming
system). 2.
※2 With respect to (3), some may argue that it would be a monopoly or oligopoly by MUSE
musicians, but the musicians belonging to MUSE are not immutable. In addition, since
MUSE musicians are limited to those musicians who have not yet acquired name recognition

12and sufficient income, a rule will be established that those musicians who have been able toacquire name recognition and sufficient income will leave MUSE.
※3 In addition, in order to make the series of systems from (1) to (3) more active andsmooth, MUSE will solicit investments and donations to MUSE from investors around theworld.
A schematic diagram of the MUSE system is also attached below.
I sincerely hope that this research and the introduction of MUSE will help stabilize theincome of many outstanding musicians whose income is unsatisfactory due to the current
music market system.

５ Bibliographies
Figure1 一般社団法人 日本レコード協会 生産実績・音楽配信売上実績 過去10年間
合計（https://www.riaj.or.jp/f/data/annual/msdg_all.html）
Figure2 Statista “Streaming Drives Global Music Industry Resurgence”（https://www.statista.com/chart/4713/global-recorded-music-industry-revenues/）
13

Figure3 Statista “The Rise and Fall of the Compact Disc”（https://www.statista.com/chart/12950/cd-sales-in-the-us/）Note1 一般社団法人 日本レコード協会 音楽ソフト 種類別生産数量推移（https://www.riaj.or.jp/g/data/annual/ms_n.html）
Figure５・６ Distribution across a random sample of 10,000 streams.
（Is music streaming bad for musicians? Problems of evidence and argument
by David Hesmondhalgh University of Leeds, UK
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1461444820953541）
Note2 Jammcard(https://jammcard.com/)
Note3 一般社団法人投資信託協会（https://www.toushin.or.jp/investmenttrust/）

14

The way of smartphone and raising children~how to take advantage of electronic terminal on toddler growth~
5205 Amada Rina
Abstract
Electronic devices have become an indispensable part of people's lives. The use ofelectronic devices by young children is increasing year by year, and there have been cases
where children have developed addictions at the age of five. In light of this, we have been
studying two things: to prevent young children from falling into addiction and to prevent
them from becoming addicted in the future. Game applications, for example, are mechanistic
and involve addictive properties. Since young children become interested in electronic
devices out of longing for their parents, the apps do not have to be games. Once they use
them, they develop an attachment to games, so it is recommended that only learning apps beused from the beginning. In addition, correct information should be provided by hospitals andother institutions that almost all mothers are involved with on the use of less than I hour per
day and what can happen to young children if they do not do so. They should also develop
the ability to control the use of the device, which will be necessary in the future.
1.Introduction
One 2020 article in the New York Times revealed that the WHO had indicated in 2019that toddlers under the age of 1 should not be exposed to smartphone screens and thatchildren ages 2 to 4 should not spend more than an hour of "sit-down screen time" each day.
However, a 2013 survey on a website for mothers with young children called Mama
Stadium found that smartphone use among 0-, 1-, and 2-year-olds was 24%, 74%, and 85%,
respectively, and was particularly high from age 1 and up. In addition, since this data is froma survey conducted in 2013, it is conceivable that the usage rate will have increased evenmore as of 2021.
The high rate of use of smartphones and other electronic devices among young
children is not limited to Japan; in the United Kingdom, we know of a girl who became
addicted to tablets at the age of 4 and received treatment. In other countries, cases of tablet
and other screen addiction among young children are also noticeable.
It is said that young children are more likely to be affected by electromagnetic waves
in some way because they are more sensitive than adults. In addition, the effects ofsmartphone use on young children include a decrease in time spent in the same position forlong periods of time and time spent playing outside, which can delay the development ofphysical skills, language and communication skills that are developed through interaction
with parents, as well as skills that should be developed through building blocks and hands-on
experience. However, when we talked to the experts, they said that the children's physicalabilities and communication skills were reduced.
However, experts say that the use of electronic devices by young children is not a badthing in this day and age, but rather a necessity. I think it will be necessary to strike a balance
between the two.
In this way, we know that the smartphone/tablet specifications for young children
have negative effects, but the rate of use continues to increase, and if this trend continues, wewill see more young children with delayed growth. Even if this is not an exaggerated
situation, we need to consider ways to make the most of the growth of young children.
What we did know is that psychological reactance causes parents to struggle when
taking electronic devices away from their children, and that the presence or absence of the"power to persevere" affects the stability of a child's personality in the future. We hypothesizethat this ability will be useful in the future as "addiction prevention," and we would like topropose a method to nurture this ability.
Since most of the previous studies have focused on the negative effects of the use ofelectronic devices, and we have not been able to find one that summarizes what we should do
about it, this study will examine "how we should deal with it.
In addition, although we would like to cover the world, we will focus on information fromJapan when gathering information.
2.Discussion and implications<The Demand for Electronic Devices>
Today, we are surrounded by a variety of electronic terminals such as smartphones,
tablets, and PCs, and it can be said that they are indispensable. In line with this trend, the useof smartphones among young children is on the rise. The figure below shows the results of asurvey taken by Benesse of parents with children aged 0 to 6 years old, showing an increasein the use of smartphones, tablets, and other electronic devices between 2013 and 2017.
The reasons given were "when I can't leave my hands while doing housework" and "when I
want people to be quiet on trains, in restaurants, etc. This indicates that there are situations inwhich they have no choice but to rely on their smartphones.
<Adverse Effects of Using Electronic Terminals

We investigated the possible negative effects of using electronic devices. There were
not only major ones, but also various others, such as vision loss due to prolonged use, andbone distortion due to poor posture. Bright light interferes with the production of melatonin,
which may lead to sleep disorders. The sleep disturbance also decreases serotonin (aneurotransmitter in the brain), which may lead to poor concentration, stress disorders, anddepression.
However, these symptoms can be caused by "prolonged" use of the device, so it isbest if the device is not used for long periods of time. According to the results of the Benesse
survey mentioned above, most respondents answered that they use the device for about 15
minutes, which is a time period with little concern about adverse effects. However, we cansee that some of them use the device for many hours, such as four hours. In some cases,
however, such children are more likely to become addicted. Incidentally, there is a case in the
United Kingdom where a five-year-old child became addicted to tablets, and the addiction
became so severe that he or she needed treatment. It is necessary to inform parents of thecorrect knowledge to prevent addiction and to protect these children.
＜What knowledge is necessary to prevent addiction?>
The knowledge necessary to prevent addiction includes the adverse effects mentioned
earlier. In addition, since prolonged use is one of the causes of addiction, the definition of"prolonged use" is defined as one to two hours. According to the Vision Council of theUnited States, when children use tablets for two hours, they experience at least one of thefollowing symptoms: headache, mood swings, body aches, discomfort in the eyes, anddifficulty concentrating. The WHO also states that children between the ages of 2 and 4
should not be exposed to screens for more than one hour each day.
It may help parents to control their children by providing specific numbers as well as
adverse effects.
And, one of the main reasons why young children are interested in electronic devices
is that they see their parents using them and admire them. Therefore, parents themselves needto refrain from using electronic terminals in front of young children.
In addition, there are some points to note. When lending electronic devices to young
children, they should limit the apps they allow them to use. Developers of games and otherapps want users to use them for long periods of time because advertising is a source ofincome. This makes them more addictive. As mentioned earlier, the reason why young
children become interested in electronic devices is to imitate their parents, so by lending

educational applications instead of lending highly addictive applications from the start, it ispossible to prevent addiction and make the most of electronic devices for growth.
<How to get the right information out to the right people>
In order to disseminate such information, it is necessary to provide "correct"
information to many people. First, we looked at the ways in which mothers gather
information about child-rearing in Japan (see figure below). (see figure below) There were
two main types of information: from acquaintances and from the Internet, such as websites,
apps, and SNS. However, information from experts can be said to be more accurate thaninformation from acquaintances. There are also disadvantages to gathering information on
SNS, such as the sheer volume of information and the difficulty in judging whether the
information is accurate.
Results of Questionnaire on Child-Rearing Information

Based on the above, we thought it would be a good idea to provide opportunities forparents to attend classes and for hospitals to present information. Since not all parents may

attend the parent-teacher class, it would be more effective to present information from thehospital, which is expected to be visited by all parents.
<On fostering control skills>
However, the fact is that games are so addictive that even after only a few minutes ofuse, young children develop a strong interest in them and demand to play them immediately.
In fact, we have heard of actual experiences where children have become addicted after only
a few minutes of use, and have become impatient. Therefore, we felt that it was necessary toaddress not only children who are likely to use electronic devices for long periods of time,
but also all children who are likely to use electronic devices.
In the course of our research, we were told by Professor Riki Osawa that "thespecification of electronic devices for young children is not a bad thing in this day and age,
but rather a necessity." In the course of our research, we received comments from two
professors, Riki Osawa and Asami Sato, that "the use of electronic devices by young children
is not a bad thing in this day and age, but rather a necessity. However, the existence ofelectronic devices is a matter of course in today's world, and children will eventually use
them. Therefore, it can be thought that if we can master the use of electronic devices from ayoung age and manage the time of use, it will be useful not only in childhood, but also when
they grow up to be adults. In fact, an experiment on patience conducted by an American
psychologist revealed something. The experiment involved leaving children alone in a roomwith a marshmallow in front of them and telling them that they could have another one if they
could hold out for 15 minutes, and then measuring how long they could hold out. As a result,some children could not tolerate the marshmallow for even a minute, while others managed
to tolerate it for 15 minutes. The major difference between the two groups was the ability todivert their own interest from the object. The children who were able to endure for less than aminute tended to have more problems in their daily lives than those who were able to endure
for a minute or less. These results indicate that "patience is not whether or not one can holdstill, but whether or not one can devise ways to divert interest from the subject," and that"children who cannot hold back need training because they cannot control their own
behavior.

<How to train>

There are several habits that are not acquired instinctively from birth, but are acquired
through training, such as brushing one's teeth and using the toilet in a certain place. For
example, brushing one's teeth, using the toilet in a certain place, etc. The first is a habit formost people, but some people have difficulty in remembering to do it even as adults. The
difference between the first and the second is that the fear of social death if they fail to do so
may be the root of the difference.
In light of this, I thought that something that has an underlying fear, such as "don't do
this," would be more effective than training people to think positive thoughts for their own
benefit, such as training a dog to get a reward.
If such training were to be conducted in each home, it would place a heavy burden on
parents who try to limit or train their children due to psychological reactance (when a child's
desire is limited by others, the desire becomes stronger in response), and the practice would
not be sustained. For this reason, we would like to propose that the practice be conducted inkindergartens and nursery schools. We believe that kindergartens and nursery schools would
make it possible to conduct training from a sense of "joint responsibility" without placing aburden on any one person.
For example, we dare to make time to use electronic terminals in kindergartens andnursery schools and set up a time to play with them. Then, a group of several people would
be formed, and if everyone could quit playing in time, they would receive stickers or otherpoints. The idea is that if they don't quit, their teammates will be inconvenienced, so they cantake action not only for themselves but also to avoid inconveniencing the team. However, we
do not know if it works or not, or if young children are interested in the stickers and otherpoints in the first place, so we will be looking into this very carefully in the future.
Another thing I would like to raise is to "let them choose" when to use screen time, afeature that is included in the phone. The feature at the moment allows parents to set theamount of time their child can use the phone, and after a 5 minute notification is sent, the app
will be forced to end use when the time limit is reached. Depending on the type of limit, they
can add their own usage time, but this could lead to a state of dependency. A feature wewould like to add to solve this problem is to provide a "Continue or Quit (use)" question
before the app becomes unavailable. However, if the parent chooses to continue, the parent
will be notified of the time limit and will be able to use the app once permission is granted,
thereby preventing prolonged use. This feature allows young children to "make their own
choice," which reduces psychological reactance and allows them to control their own screen
time in the future.

3.Conclusion
First, with the increasing use of electronic devices by young children worldwide,
parents need to be given correct information in order to reduce the number of children who
become addicted. The way to do this is to convey information from credible and mostly
accessible institutions such as hospitals that almost all people are involved with when giving
birth, or parents' classes conducted by those hospitals and other institutions that may be
hopeful but where most people have the opportunity to be heard.
We would also suggest training in kindergartens and preschools as a way to prevent
future addiction. The advantages of doing this at such institutions are that it provides anopportunity for people to be aware of their surroundings and make an effort, rather than forthemselves, or that it is easier to continue because it does not place a burden on the parents.
As a future issue, we would like to consider who among them would present the
information at the hospital and how, while considering its effectiveness. We would also liketo examine the current educational content and time allotment in kindergartens and nurseryschools, and consider ways to provide training that does not place a heavy burden on thesefacilities, as well as specific methods of providing such training.
4.References
What impact do tablets have on children? What to do to avoid overuse
https://mamaboo-gift.com/tablet-kodomo-eikyou/#i-4
Survey of Media Use by Parents and Children of Infants and Toddlers
https://berd.benesse.jp/up_images/research/sokuhou_2-nyuyoji_media_all.pdf
WHO screen time for children
https://www.aoa.org/news/clinical-eye-care/public-health/screen-time-for-children-under-5?sso=yiPad addiction treatment at age 4? Learning from abroad about rules for smartphone andtablet use by children https://up-to-you.me/article/1595
70% of role 0-6 year olds use smartphones. The beginning of use is under 2 years old.
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000088.000007518.html
How many children use smartphones? What do they use it for and when?
https://www.babycome.ne.jp/research/report/research211/
Children who lift time limits placed by their parents on theirownhttps://japan.cnet.com/article/35160831/

Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic literature
reviewhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1087079214000811
Time limits are not a good ideahttps://note.com/k_yorikane/n/necc50d9c6940
Some iPad addicts at age 4: https://japan.cnet.com/article/35066232/
iPad addiction at age 4? https://up-to-you.me/article/1595

Globalization in Music~Lessons Learned from K POP's Global Expansion~
5206 Kosuke Amito
Abstract
Music is something that can be found in every country in the world, so I think it's very
good content that people around the world can enjoy. Therefore, KPOP, the pioneer of theworld's music market, boasts tremendous popularity in various countries and is able tosucceed in globalization. The reason for globalization is that KPOP has overcome various
hurdles. The biggest hurdles are money and language. We have been conducting research
centering on the application "Vlive" (a video distribution service limited to Korean artists)that takes these into account. JPOP will learn from this, and globalization will lead to further
development of the country. Therefore, JPOP also proposed to create a video distribution
service. The goal is to think of a policy that can achieve Goal 11 of the SDGs, "Building
sustainable communities," by globalizing the music of each country.
1 Introduction
Music is something that exists in every country in the world, so I thought it would bevery good content to equalize the people of the world. Also, even if you don't understand thelanguage of music, I think that what you feel by listening to and playing music is common inany country. KPOP is now enjoying tremendous popularity in various countries, andglobalization is progressing. For that reason, I wondered what kind of things we should do to
make the characteristics and cultures of various countries known globally. I believe thatmusic from each country can advance to the world and globalize by incorporating various
harmonies into various cultures, such as what kind of music is conveyed in that country.
Therefore, we will investigate previous research and consider new improvement measures
based on the content of last year's research. (Will also do fieldwork if possible.)
2 Discussion and implications
KPOP, which has successfully globalized, has been showing rapid growth since 2008
both domestically and in the export sector. And although Japan was more popular at first,
now it has an overwhelming difference. K-POP was able to enter the global market byclearing the five hurdles of "money", "time", "distance", "language", and "regulation", and a"barrier-free" environment where you can get addicted as long as you have the internet.

Because there is In the KPOP world, the idea of ​freemium, which allows content to bereleased for free is pervasive.In addition to being able to watch MV etc. outside the country,
it is also distributed with multilingual subtitles at the time of release, which was mentioned
earlier,provides basic services and products for free, and charges fees for advanced andspecial functions business model.On the other hand, many Japanese music videos cannot beseen outside the country due to copyright protection. Therefore, there are many fans ofJapanese artists in South Korea, but they cannot watch unauthorized videos. In acquiring
overseas fans, the difference in such an environment is getting bigger. So I turned myattention to an app. It's an app called Vlive.Vlive is a video distribution service created by
NAVER, a major Korean Internet company that is also famous as the parent company ofLINE. It is attracting attention as a video distribution service that delivers behind the scenes.
In addition to videos, V Live also actively distributes in real time, and the app supports many
languages ​such as Japanese, English, and Chinese. The fact that there are many supported
languages ​is very important to increase the number of global fans. It has three main features.
(1) A service that specializes in Korean artists.
(2) A system that allows you to not miss your favorite artists' streams.
(3) You can watch live streams with Japanese subtitles on Vlive.
It should be.Certainly, there are good things about JPOP. For example, a special
feeling in a limited space. JPOP has information that can be obtained by joining fan clubs,
etc., and while having videos and photos is a disadvantage, it can also be taken as anadvantage. Because it makes you feel special. It is possible to make a big difference between
those who are in the fan club and those who are not. And I think there are more than a few
people who prefer this format. However, in this research, while globalization is the goal, it isimportant to make it open once, and I think that it is an essential condition for globalization.
If it is not opened, it is conceivable that the Japanese music world will continue to maintainthe status quo or decline. And above all, the globalization of JPOP is considered to be a
far-fetched problem.
Therefore, what I propose is to create a distribution application that utilizes freemium,etc, limited to JPOP artists. The difference between the Japanese fan club format and theJapanese fan club system seen from overseas is that overseas fans can view member blogs,
photos, and videos without joining the fan club. The same can be said for KPOP, but the only
difference is that domestic people can also watch special videos and photos without joining
the fan club. As I said earlier, this is a big problem. Therefore, there should be an increasing
demand for creating a video distribution service that allows anyone to easily watch videos

using the freemium concept. To explain this video distribution service in detail, similar to
Vlive, we will add multilingual subtitles so that even coastal fans can use it easily. And we
aim to be a distribution service specialized for JPOP artists, which distributes special videos
and photos related to the artist that cannot be seen normally.
3 Conclusion
By creating a video distribution service that specializes in JPOP artists with afreemium and multilingual subtitle system, it is possible to overcome major hurdles such as
money and language. Therefore, I think that it is a necessary measure for globalization. I
believe that by creating an environment that everyone can easily access, we can achieve Goal
11 of the SDGs, “Building sustainable communities.”
4 Citations
・Things necessary for the globalization of JPOP Author of "K-POP New Sensational Media"
https://realsound.jp 2022/10/11
・Why did KPOP advance to the world? We asked local creators about the “gimmicks” thatmake fans go crazy. The
author talks about “Why does KPOP make the world hot” (Erina Tanaka)
https://bunshun.jp 2022/10/11
・Globalization of cultural products : a webometric analysis of Kpop in Spanish-speaking
countries
2022/10/11

Spreading barrier-free with para-sports~To improve recognition and attention all over the world~
5207 Yuwa Ikeda
Abstract
When we learned that the Tokyo Paralympics was held in 2021 and that attention topara-sports is low even in developed countries, we considered activities to raise the profile ofpara-sports around the world to enable athletes to compete satisfactorily. First of all, wesuggest that the lack of support for para-sport athletes should lead to more support fromcompanies. To this end, we propose to increase the number of para-sport competitions andmake them famous by having small and medium-sized companies support them, and to create
a good cycle by creating an environment where athletes can be active by further increasing
their support. In addition,we propose that opportunities be created for them to experiencepara-sports in physical education or other classes, because we believe it is important to makethe younger generation aware of the appeal of para-sports. And they should be introduced toboccia, sitting volleyball, and other sports that cost as little as possible in terms of equipment
and other aspects.
1 Introduction
With the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics to be held in the summer of 2021, we haveseen many articles on para-sports on TV and in newspapers. Among them, we learned that
there is a lack of recognition and attention for para-sports compared to FIBA sports, and also,
there is insufficient support for para-sports. As the host country of the Paralympic Games,
this is a problem, so in the last year, we began research to raise the level of attention andincrease support for athletes and the Games. We focused on Japan in the last year’s research,
but there are many countries, including developed countries, where awareness of para-sports
is low, and we thought it would be worthwhile to conduct research on the same theme for theworld so we decided to continue this research.
The ultimate goal of this research is to create an environment in which athletes cancompete satisfactorily and to increase their motivation by considering what activities should
be undertaken to raise awareness and attention of para-sport worldwide and to increase
support for para-sport. Furthermore, by having para-sports athletes perform well incompetitions and in other places, they will give courage and hope to other people withdisabilities, eliminate prejudice and discrimination against people with disabilities that still
remain in the world, and spread barrier-free sports all over the world.
In researching previous studies, we found a study entitled "A Study on the
Recognition of Words about Sports for the Disabled" by the School of Sport Sciences at
Nihon Fukushi University. In this study, we found that words related to the Paralympics are
more recognized than other events such as the Deaflympics, and that disparities are occurring
between events. Since this study was conducted in Japan, it is not clear what the status ofawareness is worldwide. It also does not describe the activities that should be undertaken in
the future. Furthermore, since the study is limited to the recognition of the word "para-sport,"
it does not clarify the level of recognition other than the word such as rules or whether there
is sufficient support from companies, etc. Therefore, there are many points to be investigatedand considered in the future. Based on this previous research, we set two hypotheses and they
were formulated: ①In order to eliminate the disparity in attention between the Paralympics
and other para-sports events, it may be necessary to promote events other than the
Paralympics. ②the attention of the Paralympic Games will increase if more people
experience Parasports. The reason for the second hypothesis is that it is important for
Able-bodied people to actually experience Para-sports. Since there are not many people who
actually participate in Para-sports, it is possible that people will not find it appealing and that
it will not attract attention.
In addition, a previous study in English examined the effects of incorporating
para-sports as a physical education class in school education to deepen students'
understanding of physical disabilities, and found that having students experience para-sports
in physical education changed their awareness and attitudes toward disabilities in a positive
direction.
First, we research the current level of awareness of para-sports in the world throughthe Internet, books, and interviews using e-mail. In doing so, we gather information by using
the "Nippon Foundation Paralympic Support Center Paralympic Study Group," a website that
researches the Paralympics and para-sports. As for interviews, we visited the Gunma Sports
Association for the Disabled last year and learned about various issues and problems ofpara-sports in Japan. We would like to visit him again this year during the summer vacation
to hear about the current situation of para-sports in the world, which we can understandbecause we are directly involved in para-sports. In addition, although we conducted research
on Japanese para-sport athletes and rules in last year's study, there is still a lot of information

about the world as a whole that we do not know, so we continued this research this year. In
particular, we investigate the rules of the competition in detail, as it is essential to know themwhen researching para-sports.
Based on what we have learned from these activities, we consider the issues ofpara-sports in the world today before the interim presentation, and decide on the direction andobjectives of the activities to increase the attention and support for para-sports, which will bepresented at the end of the presentation. After the interim presentation, the participants willconsider and propose specific details of their activities. When considering activities, the teamhopes to obtain opinions from actual para-sport athletes, if possible, while also utilizing
winter vacation, etc., so that we can propose activities that will be more effective.
This year, we consider activities to raise the profile of para-sports in greater depth
than last year's research, such as how to create an environment where SMEs are more likely
to support the sport and what kind of para-sports experience is more efficient and effective inschools.
2 Discussion and implicationsFirst we did research on the Internet. We found the data that the percentage of
respondents who would like to go to the Tokyo Olympics to watch the games in person was
about 43% for the Olympics and 20% for the Paralympics, a significant difference of about
twice as much (Figure 1 and 2).

Figure 1

people who want to watch Olympic Games at the actual placesFigure 2 people who want to watch Paralympic Games at the actual places
For the question “How many events they would like to watch at the Tokyo Olympics andParalympics”, about half of the respondents answered five events for the Olympics, while
30% answered five events for the Paralympics, and 30% answered one event, indicating alarge disparity here as well (Figure 3).

Figure 3 How many events people want to watch at the actual places
Although these are information on para-sports in Japan, the recognition of para-sports in theworld is low even in developed countries, with 98.2% in Japan, 71.1% in the U.S., and 74.7%
in South Korea, as to whether they know the word "para-sports" itself, so I thought itworthwhile to conduct research on the subject worldwide.
In addition, the recognition rate for each event was 96.4% for the Paralympics, while
6.9% for the Deaflympics for the hearing impaired and 6.3% for the Special Olympics for theintellectually disabled, showing that there was a large difference by event. I thought it wasnecessary to do so.
In order to bridge the gap in recognition from one event to another and to increase thenumber of events, the support from companies for the events and athletes is needed first.
Hitachi Solutions, Ltd. is an example of a company that supports para-sport athletes outsideof the Paralympics. This company has established its own para-sports team, Team AURORA,
and provides financial support through the provision of equipment and tools, as well as
psychological support through the establishment of a consultation service for athletes. We didinterview on email to Hitachi Solutions, we learned that in order to support the Olympics andParalympics, it is necessary to spend billions of dollars in sponsorship fees to become an
official partner, and only large companies with financial resources can do so, making it
difficult for smaller companies to support the Olympics and Paralympics. Without being an
official partner, rules regarding ambush marketing are created that place severe restrictions on
the use of logos and athlete photos. Therefore, it was decided that it was necessary to increase
the number of competitions outside of the Paralympics to make it easier for companies tosupport these events and raise their visibility. In addition, Hitachi Solutions found that
supporting para-sports has created a sense of unity among employees, improved its image asa global company through athletes' successes around the world, contributed to employment ofpeople with disabilities, and contributed to society through its support of sports.
Since there are many advantages to supporting para-sports, It is clear that it will beeasier for small and medium-sized companies to participate in supporting para-sports byincreasing the number of non-Paralympic Games and by increasing the visibility of theseGames. As SMEs begin to support para-sport events, the scale of the events will increase, andlarger companies will join in supporting these events. As more companies participate insupporting para-sports, athletes will have an environment that facilitates their success, andmore companies will start supporting more tournaments, which will create a good cycle.
In addition, we should change the younger generation in order to raise the visibility
and attention of para-sports and maintain it. In last year's study, we suggested that more
attention should be paid to para-sports in moral education textbooks, but in this study, we
thought that simply learning about para-sports was not enough to raise the level of attention,and that it was important to have children experience para-sports in order to make them moreinterested. Therefore, we thought that children could experience para-sports in their physicaleducation classes at school, which would raise the level of attention. However, para-sports
often involves the use of special equipment, and the cost makes it difficult to incorporatepara-sports into some classes. Therefore, in order to keep costs low and to make the classes
more conducive to understanding people with disabilities, we thought it would be better touse para-sports events such as boccia and sitting volleyball, which use the same equipment as
able-bodied sports or do not require a lot of equipment.
3 Conclusion
For these things, in order to create an environment where it is easier for para-sport
athletes to compete and to raise awareness and attention through corporate support. We
recommended that more competitions other than the Paralympics be held and that small andmedium-sized companies participate in supporting these competitions to raise the profile ofthese competitions and increase the number of companies supporting them. And para-sports
should be experienced in physical education classes at schools in order to change theconsciousness of the younger generation towards para-sport. In addition, we propose that the
younger generation's awareness of para-sports be changed by having them experiencepara-sports in physical education classes at schools, and also, in consideration of the burden
on schools, para-sports events such as boccia and sitting volleyball, which use equipment thatis not different from that used for FIBA sports and do not require a lot of equipment, be
included. We propose the inclusion of para-sports events such as boccia and sitting volleyball,which do not use the same equipment as FIBA sports or do not require much equipment.
4 References
・日本財団パラリンピックサポートセンターパラリンピック研究会（2016），
2016リオパラリンピック後における国内外一般社会でのパラリンピックに関する認知と関心
第2回調査結果報告（2021年6月25日）
http://para.tokyo/2018/02/20162.html
・2020年東京パラリンピックに対する国民の興味・関心-笹川スポーツ財団（2022年6月21日）
https://www. ssf.or.jp/report/sldata/tabid/1781/Default.aspx
・チームAURORA-株式会社日立ソリューションズ（2022年8月5日）
https://www.hitachi-solutions.co.jp/company/aurora/
・公益財団法人日本障がい者スポーツ協会（2022年8月5日）
https://www.jsad.or.jp/about/index.html
・2020年東京パラリンピックに対する国民の興味・関心（2020年7月28日）
https://www.ssf.or.jp/thinktank/sports_life/column/20190903.html

・パラリンピック研究会の立ち上げ（2020年10月22日）
https://www.nippon-foundation.or.jp/who/news/pr/2014/20140603-22302.html
・６．障害者スポーツ・パラリンピックへの関心度等-東京都（2021年8月13日）
https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/tosei/hodohappyo/press/2019/02/05/01_07.html
・パラリンピックとは-東京都オリンピック・パラリンピック準備局（2020年10月29日）
https://www.2020games.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/taikaijyunbi/paralympics/paralympics/index.html
・Education intervention using para-sports for athletes with high support needs to improve
attitudes towards students with disabilities in Physical Education（2022年5月3日）
https://ruidera.uclm.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10578/18975/Education%20intervention%20u
sing%20para-sports%20for%20athletes%20with%20high%20support%20needs%20to%20im
prove%20attitudes%20towards%20students%20with%20disabilities%20in%20Physical%20
Education%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yRacism of beauty industry~World trends and the future~
ID5209 Name Ito Nanami

Abstruct
In 2019, an incident in which a black man was killed by a white police officer in the UnitedStates was a major trigger, and interest in racism spread more around the world. The cause of
racism is a combination of psychological and historical factors, and it is difficult to solve. On
the other hand, the beauty industry is also required to have diverse needs, and it is importantto provide services that are not related to gender or race. In this study, we consider what canbe done to solve racism in the beauty industry, but the specific problems that are occurring
are black employment and whitening beliefs. In conclusion, I came up with the idea of​changing Shiseido's project of teaching makeup to people who are worried about their faces
due to injuries or illnesses, to teaching makeup that suits each person, regardless of race. I
thought that this would help people to gain self-confidence from their complexes, improvetheir image, and revitalize their participation in society. People also need to be flexible withthe aesthetic sense of others.
1 Introduction
Background and Objectives of the Study
I think that racism is one of the current world issues that is attracting attention. In 2019, there
was news that a black man was killed by a white police officer. This made the situation ofracism more visible. Among them, Asian discrimination also appeared about racism that I
began to hear newly. The impact is that in the United States, it was thought that China wasdeeply involved in the outbreak of the new coronavirus. When I heard about it on the news, I
felt that the issue of racism was no longer a trivial matter, so I became interested. I would liketo go abroad in the future, and when I heard about the current situation of discrimination, I
was scared. Because I thought that I would spend every day in an unpleasant mood and that I
would be hurt. At the same time, when I was looking at an article about beauty that I was
personally interested in, I found issues such as discrimination in the beauty industry. For
example, there are many women in the hospitality industry, making it difficult for men toenter. There are only cosmetics that suit white people. Such a situation can be seen. Theremay be various scenes where differentiation is reflected, but this time I would like to think
about diversity using the beauty industry as a concrete example.

Status of Previous Studies
According to The Beauty Ideal The Effects of European Standards of Beauty on Black
Women, black women are particularly vulnerable to the influence of European beauty
standards, which, largely in the form of internalized self-loathing, affect the lives of black
women, especially dark-skinned women. It shows that the trajectory may be adversely
affected.
Research Methods①Research the current of racial discrimination (especially the current state of discrimination
against blacks and Asians) I want to use books, newspapers, and the Internet. Focusing on thehistorical background, the number of people affected, and the causes.I would like to pay
attention to reasons why people come to be discriminated against.
②By looking research, I confirm how far discrimination has been resolved in the world today
and where it has not been resolved, and find problems. I also focus on what kind of prejudiceleads to discrimination. I want to understand in detail how to solve racism in the world.
③Using information, think about how to get many people to recognize each other. When
thinking about the beauty industry, think about how opportunities to assert diversity can berealized.
2 discussion and implication
I thought there were few opportunities for mutual understanding and compromise in thediscrimination that creates a state of mutual rejection with misunderstandings. I think it’s asignificance of the study so I want to think about this.
Racism is a culture that persists in the U.S. and the rest of the world, and the data from the
PNAS Volume 116 article (Figure 1) shows that black men are 2.5 times more likely to be
murdered by the police than white men.

figure①More attention was focused on May 25, 2020, when George Floyd, a black man, was killed
by former white police officer Derek Shovin in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in the Midwest. The
defendant Shovin was tried to murder, and the jury returned a guilty verdict. The city's
residents rejoiced because a guilty verdict in the murder of a black man by a white police
officer was quite an epoch-making event. However, it is said that many black citizens still
have little improvement in their real lives.
Racism still comes from images and prejudices, and once these become entrenched, they are
difficult to remedy. The power of images is so strong that we are almost unaware of thevarious influences, what we call "temptations," that we are inundated with images. When we
look at the flood of images in the world, collect data on them, and analyze them from acertain perspective, we can see various aspects, such as historical, cultural, and social biases.
I also felt that humans have an instinct to protect themselves by looking down on those whoare different from themselves and trying to gain an advantage, and by not trusting what they
do not understand, which also leads to this.
Racial discrimination occurs in some unexpected places. The beauty industry, for example. I
love beauty, and I first came across an article about racism and beauty in a beauty article I
happened to look at. The beauty industry is currently attracting a lot of attention, and thechart below shows the fact that the number of beauticians is increasing and men's interest in
beauty is also growing, so we can see the fact that needs are diversifying and people are
becoming more interested in beauty.

Then we looked into what specific discrimination exists. The study found that there is a lackof black employment and an excessive practice of whiteness beliefs. In fact, a cosmetics
brand called Glossier has only about 9 percent African-Americans out of 250 employees at its
headquarters. Many women in Asia and Africa also suffer from the opinion that the whiterthe skin, the better, and that this promotes a sexist concept of beauty. In fact, in the region,
billboards and other signs emphasizing skin-whitening products were placed prominently intowns.
One of the major challenges for the beauty industry, which is attracting the attention ofyoung people, is to attract future customers. The reason is that, as can be seen from Figure 3),
the increase in the number of barber and beauty salons has led to a gradually increasing levelof competition. In order to further develop the industry, it is necessary to meet the needs anddesires of many people regardless of gender or race. Therefore, new perspectives are needed
to break the conventional concept of beauty standards, and improvements in racial
discrimination are required as soon as possible.

Non-white beauty influencers are currently making their mark around the world. Dipika
Mutyala is disseminating makeup tips to South Asian women. She posted a video explaining
how brown-skinned women can use red lipstick to diminish dark circles in their eyes, which
garnered more than 10.6 million views. Bekah Alexander, President of Socialite, added,"Brands used to only ask that one of the people they used in their campaigns be a non-whiteinfluencer or creator, but now they want to increase that number. There is no longer a genericapproach where a single black woman is considered a diversity campaign. The egalitarianismof the surface is no longer valid." Others would like to see more diversity in beauty.
3 Conclusion
I considered applying the Shiseido Life Quality Makeup project to promote activities forpeople on the receiving end of discrimination. This project teaches makeup to people who
suffer from bruises, vitiligo, burns, scars, and changes in appearance due to cancer treatment.
With this project, Shiseido works on product development, total makeup proposals, andvarious other support activities for people with deep skin concerns. If we act as a forum fordisseminating makeup for various races, it will provide an opportunity for non-white people
to discuss their own racial complexes and gain confidence.
But by directly telling the world what they are, there will be a message that can be conveyed
to others for the first time. We should also tell the world to fight the world directly, like theBLM movement that took place in the U.S., which I first introduced. And another thing that I
noticed I looked into it is that some people think that makeup and tools are just as bad as
whitening, but for those people who need those things, they feel like they are being denied
their own likes. All people should feel the way they like and wear makeup, so the world
needs to be more flexible about the opinion that there is no right answer to beauty. Finding
solutions for this is a challenge for the future.
4 References
・Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race–ethnicity, andsex | PNAS
・黒人差別問題｜アメリカ・日本の差別の歴史と私達にできる事 (sdgs.media)
https://sdgs.media/blog/4871/
・「多様性を認める」の本当の意味。多様性＝何でもアリではない - 雨宮の迷走ニュース(amamiyashion.com)
・多様性は美しい。ファッション界に溢れる人種差別と闘うセレブ達 | CELESY[セレシー]
・「ニューヨークで人種多様性の公開を要求する#pullupforchangeに思うこと
https://www.businessinsider.jp/post-215732
・過剰な白肌信仰にNO！ 美白からの解放を求める世界の声。
https://www.vogue.co.jp/change/article/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-movement-a
gainst-skin-whitening-cnihub
・美容に関心ありますか？男女300人に聞いた【美容意識に関する調査アンケート】男女の差が明確に出る結果に｜株式会社Leading Communicationのプレスリリース (prtimes.jp)
・フランスで封印された「美白」 美白化粧品は“悪”なのかフランス人のホンネを聞いてみた
https://www.fnn.jp/articles/-/70242
・その人に存在する純粋性を外に出す、メイクという手段──UDA／MAKEUP ARTIST【チャームポイントの探し方】

https://www.vogue.co.jp/beauty/article/the-true-face-05
・美容室の店舗数、令和元年は25万4422軒 過去最高を更新 | ビュートピア（Beautopia）
・メイクの世界でも人種差別が問題に！ どこまでOK？ どこからNG?
https://madamefigaro.jp/beauty/210308-make-up.html
・美の力によるエンパワーメント
https://corp.shiseido.com/jp/sustainability/power-of-beauty/

Literary works and Education
Reading Habit for All Children
5210 Ono Miku
Abstract
I have been conducting this research from the perspective of "how can we help
children around the world develop the habit of reading?" In addition to direct approaches todevelop the habit, creating a situation in which children naturally pick up books by focusing
on their living environment is a way for children to enjoy books without the stress of having
others point them out.Also, consider approaching adults, as children tend to pick up books
when their parents are book readers.
Research shows that elementary school students in the U.S. are more aware of reading
than middle and high school students, and they believe that reading education should be
provided not only at school but also at home.However, FSM users also tend to be lessinterested in reading.
I considered two main approaches: one for children and one for parents andteachers.The approach for parents is to provide opportunities to talk about books with theirchildren, but no concrete plans have yet been made for the approach for children.
Discussion and implication
Last year's research was aimed at Japanese students, mainly junior high and highschool students, and considered ways to increase their exposure to literary works.In thisyear's World Exploration, we would like to use what we researched and thought about lastyear to think about how we can help children around the world develop the habit ofreading.However, the world is a big place, and measures will vary from country to country, so
we would like to consider the region as well.
Conclusion
According to "Children's and Young People's Reading Habits and Preferences,"elementary school students tend to be more aware of books and reading than middle and highschool students.But This is because most junior and senior high school students are busier
with studies and club activities than they were in elementary school, and this is somethingthat cannot be helped, so it is not the focus of this study.And this trend is not only true in theU.S., where this paper was written, but also in Japan.Elementary school students are also
more likely to say they want to do something about reading not only at home but also inschool education.However, Free School Meals users tend to have a lower awareness ofreading than children who do not use FSM (Free School Meals), and are less confident about
their own reading skills.From this, it can be said that the desire to enjoy books increases when
one has the financial and time resources to do so.We need to find a way to accommodate
FSM users as well as ordinary households.
Two approaches can be taken to solve this problem: to the children themselves and totheir parents and teachers.If we only tell children to read books, they will be forced to readbooks, and there is a possibility that they will start to dislike books rather than develop the
habit.And since children in families where parents read tend to learn from their parents andbecome more active in reading, approaching adults is important.
The approach for parents and teachers is to increase opportunities to talk about thebook with their children.If people enjoy the opportunity to talk, they will be motivated to readmore books to broaden their topics, which will naturally lead them to read more books, andadults will also have more opportunities to read books to talk, thus creating a goodcycle.Even though the genres of reading may differ, communicating and thinking together
about what you are reading can help you develop communication skills and the ability tothink.However, I have not yet found an effective way to approach children and have not yet
found an effective way to disseminate that approach.
Conclusion and Future Prospects
I came up with a solution from two perspectives: the approach to the child and theapproach to the parents and teachers.For adults, the idea is to increase opportunities to talkabout books with children.The idea is not only to read and explain the material in schoolclasses, but also to talk about the books read at home.This method is also effective in terms ofshowing children as well as adults reading books, as this is not possible without them.
Regarding the next step of approaching children, we are currently unable to come up
with a concrete plan.There are activities to donate picture books for children overseas and todeliver Japanese picture books with stickers with translated characters, but these are notrealistic because they are meaningless if the children do not read them, and some of them aredifficult to read with stickers due to the increased amount of text.
We have not yet found a concrete and realistic way to disseminate these methods, so
we will consider this in the future.

References[1]“Children’s and Young People’s Reading Habits and Preferences”
The who, what, why, where and when
Christina Clark and Amelia Foster National Literacy Trust
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED541603.pdf[2]Shanti Volunteer Assoc.
https://sva.or.jp/ehon/

Diversifying Stalking
ーAiming to enhance the provision of informationー
5211 Kasahara Ayano

Abstract
At present, the range of stalking becomes wider and wider. The number of damages isincreasing. But owing to people’s severe lack of knowledge about stalking caused by thepaucity of places to get correct information about stalking, the number of damages is notdecreasing at all. So I suggest carrying out the preventive education in compulsory education
as one of the means to solve lack of knowledge. Under the present conditions, most countries
don’t carry out preventive education. In addition, there are few people who have richknowledge about specific damage and regulatory laws. It is important to gain correctknowledge about stalking from a young age in order to eradicate the damages of stalking in
the future. If preventive education is implemented, it will add new value to the educational
field in the sense that it will make a significant contribution to crime prevention. In the future,
I would like to take the situation into consideration and flesh out a proposal for
implementation of preventive education.

1 Introduction
Goal 5 of the SDGs is "Gender Equality.” It includes the following two points.
(1) To eliminate all types of violence and exploitation, including sexual trafficking, against
women and girls(2) To ensure that acts and practices that physically, mentally, or sexually harm women andgirls are not practiced
Regarding stalking, I have noted that there are many female victims. In my opinion,
stalking is one of the obstacles to achieving Goal 5 of the SDGs which is set to ensure that all
people enjoy peace and prosperity. Therefore, I began this research in order to increase thenumber of situations in which women's safety is protected and to decrease women’s
disadvantage over men in terms of stalking victimization. The research question in this study
is as follows.
➢ What attempts should we make to remedy the "lack of knowledge" that is hindering
the reduction of stalking victimization?

2 Discussion and implications
Currently, the number of consultations about stalking in Japan is on a slightdownward trend, but the number remains high. According to the National Police Agency’s
survey, in 2020, there were 20,189 victims, 58.3% of whom were in their 20s and 30s.

Women accounted for about 90% of the total number of victims. In foreign countries, as inJapan, there are many reports of female stalking victims.
For example, according to a 2018 survey, women accounted for about 80% of stalking
victims in Mannheim, Germany, and furthermore, about 60-70% of American women haveexperienced stalking. These (see Figure 1) indicate that the majority of stalking victims are
women, and that women are at a tremendous disadvantage over men when viewed from theperspective of stalking victimization.
Besides, in recent years, with the global development of information andcommunication technology and devices such as satellite-based positioning systems, stalkers
have been stalking people in a variety of forms around the world. This has led to a marked
increase in the number of victims, especially among young people. Moreover, there aremany stalking behaviors that cannot be policed because they are beyond the regulatory scopeof the law.
In Japan, Tokushima Bunri University and Fukushima Prefectural Police had beenworking together for three years since 2018 on a joint research on stalking. They ascertained
the actual damage and interviewed the perpetrators. Thereby, a professor in Tokushima Bunri
University pointed out the dangers lurking in people's consciousness and said,“ People needto know that their willingness to easily forgive your partner is an incentive to become avictim of stalking after the relationship ends.” According to their survey, there is a certain
number of people who tolerate stalker-like behavior. The professor also said, “Preventive
education on stalking is rarely provided. So it seems that people's knowledge is not sufficient.
It is necessary to remind them not only about the perpetrating behavior, but also about how to
avoid becoming a victim, such as not accepting the easy installation of GPS applications on
their smartphones.” From this information, I have paid particular attention to the presence ofa certain number of people who condone stalking-like behavior and the fact that there is little
preventive education. In Japan, the most common relationship between victims andperpetrators in 2020 was "dating partner/former dating partner, " which accounted for morethan 40% of the total. In other countries as well, most of the studies on stalking in the past
few years have investigated the relationship between "dating partners" and "spouses," so it
can be expected that a large number of victims are found in close relationships, as in Japan.
Furthermore, the lack of prevention education means that people do not have the correct andsufficient amount of knowledge about stalking victimization. With little knowledge, victims
don’t report incidences because they do not know how to deal with the damage they havesuffered. In some cases, they are uncertain whether the damage they have suffered reallyconstitutes stalking and find it difficult to talk to others about it. It is unknown whether
people around them who do not have sufficient knowledge the same as they are will be
receptive, making it harder to say that they have been victimized. Lack of knowledge causes
these multiple adverse effects. In addition, they are more likely to be submissive or tolerate
stalking, especially if the other person is someone they are close to, such as a dating partner.
This results in encouraging stalking behavior. On top of that, if the perpetrator is not
equipped with the correct knowledge, he or she may be completely unaware that the behavior
he or she is taking is stalking and may repeat it unconsciously. Under these circumstances,
the number of stalking victims will further increase in the future due to perpetrators who do
not realize the seriousness of what they are doing and victims who tolerate. While the number

of victims would increase, the number of consultations with the police and other authorities
would decrease.
Based on these factors, I have come to the conclusion that the biggest problem
regarding stalking victimization is people's "lack of knowledge."

3 Conclusion
As noted earlier, the most significant problem related to stalking victimization is thelack of knowledge of people, including perpetrators, victims, and those around them.
Additionally, as a result of the diversification of stalking behavior due to the spread of SNS
and other factors, the percentage of young people in the total number of victims andperpetrators is increasing. Regarding this condition, I offer the following suggestion in an
attempt to remedy the lack of knowledge.
That is “ to carry out preventive education at the stage of compulsory education.”
Currently, most countries do not provide preventive education on stalking, and mostpeople do not have sufficient knowledge about specific damages and stalking control laws.
Information and communication devices are accessible not only to adults but also to young
children. No matter what age group they belong to, they are likely to become stalkers or
victims, even if unintentionally. In order to prevent further damage and to eradicate stalking,it is important for them to gain correct knowledge about stalking from as young an age as
possible, with the future in mind.
But when it comes to preventive "education," the target is limited to children. So I
hope that prevention education will trigger a conversation about stalking in the home andcreate opportunities for adults and children to think about it together. There should be various
ways to encourage discussion, such as worksheets distributed by the school for parents andchildren to work on together. Additionally, I hope that this will also help adults realize thatthe seeds of stalking damage are lurking around them and encourage them to change theirwords and actions. Moreover, if preventive education is implemented, it will add new value
to the educational field in that it will contribute significantly to crime prevention. I hope that
this will also provide a clue to solving the serious teacher shortage that has become aworldwide problem.
The process required to make this happen and how to add stalking prevention
education to the various compulsory education curriculum are still uncertain.
In the future, I would like to concretize the proposed preventive education
implementation and come up with a better plan to improve people's lack of knowledge.

4 References
the National Police Agency. Stalking, DV | National Police Agency Website
https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/safetylife/dv.html
Retrieved 2021.05.04

The Asahi Shinbun Desital. Tokushima Bunri University and prefectural police collaborate
on stalker researchhttps://www.asahi.com/articles/ASP276WNSP21PTLC00J.html
Retrieved 2021.05.04
the Metropolitan Police Department. Stalking Control Law
https://www.keishicho.metro.tokyo.jp/kurashi/higai/dv/kiseho.html
Retrieved 2021.05.18
NCBL. The Prevalence and Effects of Starking
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7373813/
Retrieved 2022.06.10

5 Bibliography
Springer Link. Intersections of Stalking and Technology-Based Abuse:Emerging
Definitions, Conceptualization, and Measurement
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10896-019-00114-7
Retrieved 2021.12.09
President Online. how to ensure that the police who do not move will movehttps://president.jp/articles/-/28995?page=1
Retrieved 2021.12.13

▲Stalking Victimization Around the World（Figure 1）

Learn English through Playing Video Games~Cross-Cultural Exchange Online~
5213 Ryu Kayama
Abstract
The present study was undertaken in order to research (and presume) ”What is theeffect, merit and demerit of using video games as means of learning English”.
After making a research plan based on preceding studies and experiences, I
communicated with a foreigner.
The merit is that you can improve English proficiency if you have basic English
language skills. The demerit is that speaking with native speakers without basic English skills
can be counterproductive.
From this, it will be said that in order to recognize games as a means of learning, it
was necessary to change the usage of games to be more effective for beginners andintermediate level English users or above. For example, for beginners, English learning
games or online English classes using video games can be used.
For intermediate or above, as mentioned earlier, communicating with foreigners is ameans of learning.
If this method becomes common, native English speakers and English learners (theywill be in the same position as teachers and students) will be able to recruit each otherthrough the Internet and casually converse with foreigners. This will not only improve
English proficiency, but also lead to cross-cultural understanding.

1 Introduction
From my interest, last year I also researched the game as a theme. Furthermore, I wasable to learn new words and expressions in English (especially local English, such as young
people's language and slang) when I played foreign games which do not yet have Japanesetranslations and communicated with English-speaking people in online games.
On the other hand, in Japan, there are few opportunities to contact with live foreign
languages and few people are willing to learn English, so it would be possible to learn foreign
languages through games, and furthermore, by finding value in games other thanentertainment, it would be possible to eliminate prejudice against games and to learn about
foreign countries in a casual way.

2 Discussion and Implications○Discussion
The merit is that you can improve English proficiency if you have basic English
language skills. One of the sites1 says that "Think about what you are going to say in English
in advance. The most important thing is to think about what you are going to say in English
beforehand and read those expressions over and over again until they come out of your mouth
in a slurred manner. Of course, grammar and vocabulary are essential to be able to produce
accurate sentences. You should be familiar with grammar at the level of university entrance
examinations and learn at least 3,000 words. If you take these steps, you will be able to talksmoothly when you speak with a native speaker."
From this, it can be seen that it is not English beginners who should learn English byusing games to talk with native speakers, but those with intermediate level English speakers.
Therefore, can't beginners of English learn by using games? The answer is "yes theycan." Like the example in the article2, there are examples of students using games as a tool to
speak with English teachers instead of speaking with native speakers.
The demerit is that speaking with native speakers without basic English skills can becounterproductive. For example, if you speak with a native speaker without basic skills, of course
your grammar will be jumbled, and your expressions will be difficult to understand. However, thenative speaker will try to understand what you are saying, and they will reply in a way that you canunderstand, so you can communicate with them. This means that you will never be able to improveyour English without reviewing the expressions and grammar, and you will always be in the habit ofusing wrong English.

○Implications
Based on these evidence, in order to recognize games as a means of learning, it wasnecessary to change the usage to be more effective for beginners (those who are concerned
about compulsory education level English) and intermediate level users (those who havemastered high school level English).

3 Conclusion

The answer to the research question is the same as above. The use of games as ameans of conversing with native English speakers can be applied not only in Japan, but also
in other non-English speaking countries around the world.
If this method becomes common, native English speakers and English learners (theywill be in the same position as teachers and students) will be able to recruit each otherthrough the Internet and casually converse with foreigners. This will not only improve
English proficiency, but also lead to cross-cultural understanding.
For English beginners (especially students in countries where English learning is notcompulsory), "English learning games" should be used if games are to create learning
opportunities. However, there are problems in developing countries where games cannot beplayed, or in poor countries. From now on, I would like to consider measures for developing
and poor countries.
4 References
1「『お母さん、今日は英会話の日だよね！』 フォートナイトで学ぶ“eスポーツ英会話教室”が小中学生に人気」〈https://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/2102/03/news038.html〉
2「ネイティブとの会話は効果的か？ | ネイティブ英語のススメ：ビジネス英語・語学の総合学習サイト」〈https://honmono-eigo.com/samazama/native-kaiwa〉”Entertainment Video Games for Academic Learning: A Systematic Review”〈https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/07356331211053848〉

Sports Nutrition for the Elderly~ To stay strong in old age ~ID 5214 Name: Yuzuki Kambe○Abstract
I researched this topic because I was interested in sports nutrition. As a result , I want to
spread sports nutrition’ knowledge to elderly people. In order to spread it, certified sports
dietitians teach everything about sports nutrition to elderly people in public spaces, forexample public hall, city’s gym. Content which teaches sports nutrition consists of knowledge
about food and exercise which is good for health. Not only that, we would like to use city
gymnasiums and other facilities to hold team competitions several times a month to create anenvironment where people can exercise while communicating with each other. In the end, I
want elderly people to stay strong and to live long happily.
1 Introduction
First of all, I decided to start this research because I was interested in sports nutrition. And
while researching sports nutrition last year, I realized that sports nutrition is not only forathletes, but also everyone alive has the right to learn about it. So I decided to focus myresearch on the elderly due to the increasing average age of the world's population. I would
like to think about what kind of diet and physical activity the elderly need in order to maketheir lives easier, and how they can apply what they have learned about sports nutrition in
their daily lives. Young people can learn through the Internet, but the elderly are not used tousing social networking services or do not know whether they can put what they learn into
practice even if they learn through social networking services.
2 Discussion and implications(1) What is Sports Nutrition?
Sports nutrition management refers to nutritional management focusing on the intake offood, beverages, and supplements by arranging theories based on sports nutrition and sports
medicine science to suit individual objectives and bodies in order to improve or enhance
performance. Many people associate the word "nutrition" with the use of nutrients for therecovery or prevention of disease. But nutrition is defined as the process of taking nutrients
into the body and using them to sustain life. In other words, nutrition and its study arenecessary for "living" regardless of disease. Furthermore, sports nutrition is not just forathletes and sports enthusiasts, although it is often thought of as something special for sports.
It targets all people in our daily lives, from those who use their bodies in their professions, tooffice workers in their prime, to the elderly who are striving for health and longevity, andeven small children. People study sports nutrition to improve their performance. However,
performance here refers to all the various movements, thoughts, and expressions that people
make with their brains and bodies. It is necessary for all people and refers to life itself. In
other words, sports nutrition is nutrition for vitality.
(2) Effects of sports nutrition
The number of full-time registered dietitians involved in nutrition management and education

for college athletes in the United States is increasing. The challenges that registered sports
dietitians have had to deal with are inadequate macronutrients, inadequate micronutrients,
and too many macronutrients. A survey of 123 NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic
Association) Division I college athletes without a sports dietitian on their knowledge ofsports nutrition found that the level of knowledge judged to be adequate was 75%, while theaverage score was 56.9%, and only 12 were above 75%. There were no significant
differences by team, level, gender, or previous nutrition education.196 student athletes werealso surveyed about their nutrition knowledge and regrets about past eating and drinking
habits. It found that the mean scores were 48% for males and 49% for females, and less than
25% for questions related to supplements, all of which were below the lower limit
representing adequate knowledge. No association was found between nutrition knowledge
and nutrition-related regrets, suggesting that even if the study subjects were knowledgeable,
student athletes need a lot of help in changing their behavior A study assessing the dietaryintake and eating habits of NCAA Division I female college athletes found that most nutrientswere found to be not being met by the athletes. Total energy intake and carbohydrates were
below the lower recommended limits, only 9% met energy requirements, and an additional
73% did not regularly eat breakfast. In a study comparing college athletes who received
educational intervention by a sports dietitian with college athletes who did not receive
position-matched educational intervention, weight change was similar between the twogroups, but energy intake, protein, and carbohydrate intake were significantly higher in theintervention group, and body fat percentage was significantly higher in the intervention
group. The intervention group also showed a significant decrease in body fat percentage. The
number of shuttle runs increased in the intervention group.
(3)
Certified Sports Dietitian

Currently, only about half of sports dietitians are working as certified sports dietitians. 40%
are only able to use their certification as a supplement to their work. The following are theplaces where certified sports dietitians work: research “institutes” (24%), "freelance" (16%),"contract food service companies" (10%), "hospitals and clinics" (8%), and "government"(8%).

3 Conclusion
In order to create a place where the elderly can easily learn about sports nutrition, it isimportant not only for the elderly who are unfamiliar with SNS, but also for the local
community. We would like to utilize facilities such as community centers, as we believe that
it is important to have a relationship with the local community as well. For an environment
where people can exercise, we would like to use city gymnasiums and other facilities to holdteam competitions several times a month to create an environment where people can exercise
while communicating with each other. After the physical activity, we would like to hold acooking class so that everyone can enjoy healthy meals together, and have them learn how
easy it is to prepare them and use them in their daily lives. I would like to utilize a certified
sports nutritionist to teach this. In this way, I think I can make the most of my certification asa certified sports nutritionist.

4 References
Friday, April 15 2022
https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40018818044 College Student Athletes' Attitudes Toward Diet
https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110001933099 Fundamentals of Health Management and Athletic
Performancehttps://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shokuiku/12/2/12_125/_pdf/-char/ja change of food
Friday, May 6 2022
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002458.htm Nutrition and Athlete Performance

Friday, July 8 2022
https://nambu-qol.com/sports-nutrition-3 Difference between Sports Nutrition and Nutrition
http://www.taiiku.tsukuba.ac.jp/~ominaomi/bachelor.html
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1186/s12970-018-0242-y

Invincible Sauna~ Make a Super Drink After the Sauna ~5215 Riko Kikuhara
Abstract
I like saunas simply because I sweat a lot and feel refreshed. In fact, from previous
research, saunas have countless benefits for both physical and mental. Students are busy
studying for tests and assignments every day, fathers are working hard to provide for theirfamilies, and mothers are juggling housework and childcare while also working hard. To
relieve this fatigue, many people sleep long hours, eat sweet foods, or sing as much as theycan. However, few of us go to the sauna. Therefore, we have been conducting research to
make saunas more accessible and to let more people enjoy the beauty of saunas. We will
expand on this research and study how to use saunas more efficiently. Specifically, I would
like to propose the most powerful drink to drink after a sauna. Wouldn't it be great if saunas
spread around the world and more people around the world could lead healthy, clean, andstress-free lives?
1 Introduction
The reason for setting the theme is that I myself like saunas and want more people toknow about their advantages and to use them in a better way. The popularity of saunas is
gradually increasing. This is a good thing, but there is a problem. However, there is aproblem: what to drink after a sauna. What if you drink as much beer as you want after agood sweat in the sauna? The body releases a lot of waste products and absorbs them very
easily, so instead of making you healthier, you may be putting a burden on your body. Waterand sports drinks are the mainstream, but I think the best post-sauna drink in my opinion is asmoothie. I will consider this as a hypothesis and test it. First, I will research what ingredientsthe body needs and give some candidate ingredients. Next, I will actually make a smoothie
using those ingredients and evaluate the taste. Do not judge the taste on your own, but rather,take in the advice of family members and listen carefully to the opinions of people ofdifferent ages. Once the best smoothie has been created, we will consider how to market it,
using precedent as a guide. As for prior research, there is some research on the history ofsauna, how it works, and its benefits, but no research on post-sauna beverages. The goal of
the research is to make sauna use more effective for sauna users. The research question was

"How can saunas be used to improve health?" The research question was set to find out why
people do not or cannot use saunas as much as they would like, and to develop a solution foreach subject. The research subjects were people from all over the world.
2 Discussion and Implication
The results so far, first, have examined the value of sauna: first, it makes you feelbetter; second, it makes you feel better; third, it makes you feel better; and fourth, it makes
you feel better. Sauna bathing improves blood flow, which means that every inch of the body
is nourished. During a sauna bath, about twice as much blood flows throughout the body as
during a normal bath. Second, it reduces mental fatigue. The warmth of the body and theloosening of stiff muscles, which relaxes the muscles pressing on the blood vessels, eliminate
heart palpitations and pounding sensations. Third, it is effective for skin care and beauty.
When blood flow improves, the gastrointestinal tract becomes more active, which increases
appetite and makes food taste better. This creates an effective cycle of delivering necessary
nutrients and eliminating waste products. In addition, being in a warm space opens the poresof the body more than usual and invites the general removal of keratinized cells, toxins, andother things that "pollute" the surface of the body.
Next, let's talk about comparisons with the rest of the world. We looked at "Germany"and "Finland," the two largest sauna countries in the world. German saunas areultra-entertaining, theme park-like spaces. The concept of water baths is unique, withlukewarm pools and Jacuzzis mainly in the 20°C range instead of cold water. This is based onthe "health hot bath method," which gradually increases the swing of the temperature range.
Finnish saunas are simple, everyday spaces. It is a simple space that is as soothing to thedaily routine as a bath is to the Japanese.
I also recently visited Kyogashima Natural Hot Spring Yutori. Yutori is one of thelargest one-day natural hot springs in the Kanto region and is so high quality that it has been
likened to a "beauty spring." In addition to five types of outdoor baths, five types of indoor
baths, three types of saunas, bedrock baths, and private baths, there is also a restaurant,
esthetic salon, manga space, massage corner, and other amenities. This time, I focused myresearch on what kind of drinks are available after the sauna. I found that there were several
places that sold beverages that I had never noticed before, although I had been there several

times before. There was a cold water server just outside the sauna, bottled milk, coffee milk,hydrogenated water, and regular vending machines in the changing rooms, black vinegar
blueberry, pomegranate vinegar, and yuzu vinegar in the common rest area for men andwomen, and six types of smoothies at the kiosk. I took a conscious look and found it to be
more extensive than I had expected. However, I noticed one thing here. Even if they sell such
good products, it is meaningless if there are few visitors. People who don't stop by the rest
areas and stores would not notice them. Therefore, I thought that I would like to sell thesmoothies in a place where many people can see them right after exiting the sauna.

At the interim presentation, we received a variety of advice. Some of the questions we
received included, "What is the benefit of doing this research? What are the benefits of thisresearch? After the interim presentation, we addressed these suggestions one by one.
The advantage of doing this research is that you can become healthier very efficiently.
In one sauna (sauna → water bath → outdoor air bath), one plastic bottle, or 500 milliliters ofwater and many electrolytes and nutrients are lost. The sauna is a great way to get rid of thewater and nutrients. If you repeat the sauna three times, you will lose 1.5 liters of water. That
is why it is important to hydrate before, during, and after a sauna. However, drinking
anything is not enough. Be wary of drinks that are high in caffeine and have diuretic
properties. For example, coffee, green tea, alcohol, and cola drinks may have the opposite
effect. On the other hand, vegetable juices high in sodium and potassium, coconut water highin electrolytes, minerals, vitamins, and protein, and milk high in calcium and protein are
examples of recommended post-sauna drinks. Of course you lose water when you sweat a lot
in a sauna, but there are other nutrients that are lost besides water. (See table below)

Therefore, it is not enough to just drink water. Drinking water → fluid level becomes low →body tries to restore fluid level and removes water → dehydration! Water is unexpectedly
dangerous. Therefore, sports drinks are generally recommended because they absorb water
efficiently and maintain ionic balance. However, these drinks do not contain enough of thenutrients listed in the table above. Therefore, we came up with some original smoothies.
(1) Pineapple
Pineapple contains carbohydrates, vitamin C, dietary fiber, and vitamin B2, and eating
pineapple every day can relieve constipation and improve skin tone. The enzyme bromelain(bromelin), which is unique to pineapple, has anti-inflammatory properties and has beenshown to reduce various symptoms of the common cold, including sore throats and coughs!

(2) Orange
Oranges are also known for their strong effect on metabolism. Hesperidin, a type of vitamin P
that strengthens blood vessels, improves blood flow, reduces swelling, and contributes toincreased metabolism. It contains a large amount of vitamin C. Vitamin C also helps ironabsorption, improves immunity, and increases resistance to viruses and bacteria.

(3) Grapefruit
Grapefruits contain a type of polyphenol called naringin. It is the component that gives
grapefruit its distinctive bitter taste. It has a strong antioxidant effect and is expected to beeffective in preventing aging and lifestyle-related diseases. It also suppresses appetite and isrecommended for dieters. In addition, it can be expected to improve blood circulation andsuppress allergies. The pink type contains β-carotene (carotene) and lycopene. Lycopene is aprecursor to β-carotene, so it will eventually convert to β-carotene, which in turn converts tovitamin A in the body.

3 Conclusion
As for taste, pineapple juice is the thickest, sweetest and tastiest. However, it isdifficult to drink because it contains some fiber. Orange juice is sweet and sour, refreshing,and easy to drink. Grapefruit juice has a slight bitterness, but it is refreshing and makes you
feel refreshed after drinking. In the sauna, you sweat a lot and lose a lot of water. Simply
drinking water will not replenish the water that is lost along with the sweat. Therefore,
drinking 100% fruit juice that you make yourself will promote your health. After sweating inthe sauna and relieving stress, you can take the best nutrients and become healthier. I don't
think I could feel happier.
4 References
Harris, J. "Sauna Effects, What's the Secret to Their Benefits?"
https://saunatime.jp/articles/20/ (7/7/2021)
The World's Two Greatest Sauna Powers." http://onsendojo.com/12641 (2021/7/7)
Kyogashima Natural Onsen Yutosato" https://www.yu-tori.jp (2021/7/18)'I thought about a sauna drink called Oropo'
https://dailyportalz.jp/kiji/sauna_drink_Oropo (2021/10/15)
Scandinavian Life log" https://scandhome.com/hokuou-life/ie-sauna/ (2021/10/22)'Benefits of "sauna" for body and mind' (2021/11/18)
https://www.esquire.com/jp/lifestyle/beauty/a31255289/sauna-10-benefit-2
Japan Sauna and Spa Association" (2021/12/16)
https://www.sauna.or.jp/
Sauna, sweat and science II - do we sweat what we drink?
https://www.tandfonline.com/ (7/12/2022)
idetox: living with sauna
https://idetox.jp/blogs/column/43 (10/2/2022)

A Quick and Easy Introduction to Sauna"https://zakkurisauna.hateblo.jp/entry/2018/07/27/122719 (2022/10/2)
Japan Sauna Research Institutehttp://saunasoken.jp/ (2022/10/3)

Saving Africa with Agriculture
5216 Mayuka Kitamura

Abstract

Africa has a low food self-sufficiency rate due to the difficulty of growing crops. Thisis due to the nature of the land, which has few crops that can be grown, and the low level ofagricultural technology and productivity. Therefore, we wanted to popularize NERICA rice. I
wanted to promote NERICA rice because I thought that if it could be popularized,
self-sufficiency would increase and exports would also flourish. Dispatching technicians isessential to popularize NERICA rice, but we believe that this alone will not be enough toensure stable production beyond that point. Therefore, we propose smart agriculture.
Introduction

Japanese people eat rice almost every day. Rice is the staple food of many Asian
countries. Growing rice in Japan is difficult, but why have the Japanese been able to produce
enough rice to make it a staple food? One reason is breeding. Breeding began in the Meiji era
and it became a world-class technology that Japan is proud of. This advanced technology
could be used to solve the problem of hunger.

The graph on the shows the production and consumption of rice in sub-Saharan Africa. As
can be seen, the demand for rice in Africa is increasing. The number of people suffering fromhunger in Africa is much higher than in other parts of the world, and the situation is very

serious. There are many reasons for this: climate, civil wars, economic conditions, etc. Noneof these can be easily changed. But of these, I think the easiest to deal with is the climate.
Discussion and Implications

Therefore, I would like to propose NERICA rice.NERICA rice is a type of rice thatgrows in Africa and originated in Japan. It is high in protein and nutritional value, and I
thought that if it became the basis of the African diet in the future, it would help reduce
hunger. I also thought it would
be a way to break away from thecurrent dependence on imports.
NERICA rice wasproduced in Japan and developed
to improve the food situation in
Africa. It has the advantages ofhigher yields, higher protein
content, shorter growing season,and resistance to pests anddiseases than other varieties.
JICA has sent technicians to Uganda, Guinea, and Cote d'Ivoire to promote the variety.
However, although the crop has been successfully cultivated, production has never been high.
We wondered if this was not due to inefficient production.
Conclusion

Therefore, we propose the introduction of smart agriculture. Smart agriculture is theuse of robots and ICT to reduce the burden on farmers in various situations. For example, if itwere possible to predict the amount of rice needed and the quantity needed based on theweather, humidity, and temperature of the day, it would be possible to harvest the rice in the
shortest amount of time and produce it more efficiently.
The only way to break out of the current situation, where we cannot rely on imports
from other countries, is to produce rice. A stable harvest will lead to a stable diet. If we canproduce more, we can expect more income. If we can solve the hunger problem, we shouldbe able to solve the economic problem.
The question for the future is to think about more specific details of smart agriculture
and whether it is feasible. I also need to gather information on what is similar. A future where
rice saves the world is not far away.

References
JICAhttps://www.jica.go.jp/activities/issues/agricul/approach/nerica.html Retrieved
2022,08,20
UNDPhttp://www.undp.or.jp/publications/pdf/Nerica.pdf Retrieved 2022,08,23
JICAShttps://www.jircas.go.jp/ja/program/prob/b5 Retrived 2022,09,11
WARDAhttps://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/shiryo/hakusyo/06_hakusho/ODA2006/ht
ml/kakomi/kk01002.htm Retrived 2022,09,11

Realization of "Connected" Medicine―Facilitation of Medical Care by Aggregating Personal Health Records―
ID 5217 Name Kosei Saito
Abstract
In this study, we considered what should be done to promote IT in healthcare in
Japan, based on the fact that the current EMR (Electronic Medical Record) penetration rate inJapan is about 30%, which is very low even by global standards, as a prerequisite for
implementing EHR (Electronic Health Record) and PHR (Personal Health Record) for thesmooth development of medical services. We considered the differences between Japan and
UK and Denmark, where the PHR penetration rate is almost 100%, in terms of services andnational efforts from various perspectives. As a result, we felt that the reason for the lack ofprogress in the IT of healthcare is that Japanese people do not recognize the benefits of PHR
services in the first place. Based on the above, in order to develop PHR services in Japan in
the future that are highly secure and that people can use continuously with peace of mind, we
ppeal through this research the necessity of advertising and selling easy-to-use PHR devices
that are low-priced and equipped with a minimum of functions.
1 Introduction
For the past three years, I have been conducting research with the goal of solving
problems using advanced technology. Therefore, as a culmination of my research so far thisyear and next year, I would like to solve global medical issues using advanced technology,
and I thought of this theme. In particular, since I studied teleworking technology in detail inlast year's research, I would like to apply this to this year's research and conduct morein-depth research. By solving this issue, we can expect to provide more advanced, detailed,and personalized medical care, and we believe that we can achieve a higher standard of careon a global scale. In addition, the country as a whole can expect to benefit from the use of
cutting-edge technology (such as stable high-speed telecommunications), which is Japan's
forte, and from the provision of technology to the rest of the world. In addition, Japan has theworld's highest average life expectancy and easiest access to hospitals, so this technology
should be used as a weapon for spreading this technology to the rest of the world. However, it
has been found that the current level of EMR (Electronic Medical Record) penetration in
Japan, which is required as a condition for implementing EHR (Electronic Health Record)

and PHR (Personal Health Record) is about 30%, which is very low even by global standards.
Therefore, we believe that resolution of this issue is urgently needed.
Research Question of this study is…
“Could linking patients' PHRs to their own numbers help facilitate medical care?”
As for the method of this research, at first, since there are not many explanations inbooks about past efforts to realize PHRs, we will research them on the Internet during thesummer vacation. Then, from the end of the summer vacation to the winter vacation, we willconsider those problems and areas that need to be improved, and summarize them.
Next, think of a method or mechanism that makes use of the improvements foundfrom past efforts, and produce or propose something that you think will be useful in solving
the problem yourself.
2 Discussion and implementations
According to information available on the NHK website, the tightness rate of hospitalbeds exceeded 60% at the peak of the fifth wave (2021/08/04 - 2021/09/29), when the rate of
hospital bed use by severely ill patients was the highest to date. The tightness rate exceeded
60%. (Since no specific definition has been set by the government for the wave of infection,
the Osaka Prefecture's definition was used.) In addition, as of March 2022, the tight bedding
ratio nationwide was still just under 60%, and by prefecture, the ratio was over 70% in
regional cities and areas with high population density. This is why, through this research, we
felt the need to reduce the burden on healthcare workers. However, it is said that Japan islagging behind in the introduction of IT in the medical field, so we thought there was room
for improvement.
Based on the above, the current issues in the Japanese medical field can besummarized into the following four categories.

ⅰ.Medical Tightness due to New Coronavirus Infections
ⅱ.Japan is slow to adopt IT in healthcare compared to other developed countries
ⅲ.I can't easily find out my medical information.
ⅳ.Lifestyle-related diseases are on the rise in Japan.
Next, we decided to ascertain the needs of the medical field to see what kind of
support and environment they would like in this situation. A Business Labor Trends survey ofhealthcare professionals yielded the following results.

No. 1 “I want remuneration (allowances) commensurate with my life-saving work”
No. 2 “Elimination of labor shortage”
No. 3 “Early vaccination of medical and nursing care workers”
No. 4 “More time for break”
No. 5 “Accurate information from the government and local governments”
This study mainly aims to resolve the underlined items.
Next, we will discuss the important words in this study.

PHR (Personal Health Record)

EHR (Electronic Health Record)● The information is used to improve● It's a medical information network.

patient decision making and the● Some regions share patient medical

quality of medical care. Information

information to make connections

obtained and managed not only by

between general hospitals and local

medical institutions but also byclinics.

individuals.
● PHRs are used by individuals on● Also their data connect to study inthe university, institute and such.

their own initiative, and access ismanaged by them.
EMR (Electronic Medical Records)● Indicates an electronic medical
record.
● It is also used to run EHR services.

DX (Digital Transformation)● The idea of using technology tomake people's lives better.
● The concept was proposed byProfessor Eric Stolterman of UmeåUniversity in 2004.

As of 2021, the Japanese government has set forth an "Intensive Data Health Reform
Plan" to intensively implement three actions over the next two years: "Expansion of thesystem to check medical information nationwide," "Establishment of the system forelectronic prescriptions," and "Expansion of the system to utilize own health and medical
information. The plan calls for the concentrated implementation of three actions over the next
two years: the expansion of a system that can check medical information nationwide, theestablishment of a system for electronic prescriptions, and the expansion of a system that canutilize one's own healthcare information. But will these projects work well? However, reports
of its activities stopped around August 2006. This project was mainly carried out inuniversity hospitals, and a later project called "NOBORI" service is a small-scale one.
Overall, in Japan and developing countries, information sharing is limited within small areas
partly because digitization has not progressed well. However, from a global perspective, inFrance, IC card insurance cards called "Vitale", asshown in the figure on the right, are distributed free ofcharge to citizens aged 16 or older, and various personaland medical information is registered on them. By using
these cards, patients can immediately share their medical
records no matter which medical institution they visit.
However, the EHR penetration rate is only about 1% of the entire population, which does notcover the whole country. On the other hand, there are countries where EHR and PHR
penetration is almost 100%. These are the UK and Denmark. In the UK, the NHS (National
Health Service) provides an API (Application Programming Interface) that can be linked withthe services of many private organizations, allowing flexible service linkage. The screenshot
below is an example of one such application.
The application "Babylon" allows you to visually check the condition of your body.
This makes it very easy to use for many people. It is also a good way to prevent
lifestyle-related diseases by understanding your body condition on a daily basis.
Denmark is a country with apopulation of about 6 million, but the
medical satisfaction rate is high at
around 90%. It can be considered thatthe small population made the cost of
EHR dissemination relatively
inexpensive and easy to introduce. In
Denmark, a large number of government-related organizations are developing services thatutilize PHRs and EHRs. In addition, the existence of MedCom, a team of medical IT
specialists, makes it possible to provide stable medical information services. It provides avariety of government-approved information. The government has developed a wide range ofservices on its own, so you don't have to use services that are unofficially created by third
parties and whose safety is unknown.

On the other hand, how about Japan?
First of all, to briefly describe thecurrent situation in Japan, the electronic
health record penetration rate is 46.7%,
and the PHR usage rate of smartphoneowners is 24%. The share of iPhone andAndroid devices in Japan is 45.7% and47.0% respectively, which is rare in theworld, but Apple and Google, which
provide the operating systems, are developing PHR services. Apple offers a health careservice called ''Health care" and Google offers an application called "Google fit". The numberof people who are actually using PHR is thought to be much smaller because it is possiblethat some people are using PHR services without their knowledge. In addition, as mentioned
above, the NOBORI service, a latecomer to the Dolphin Project, is only available at a very
limited number of facilities (55 hospitals nationwide as of January 2022), but the User
Interface (UI) is top-level and shows the compassion of the Japanese people.

The following image is a screenshot from within the NOBORI application.

As youcan see, the application, which uses illustrations and images for intuitive operation, is
designed for use by many people, from children to senior citizens. The main functions are:checking test results (images), recording hospital visits, making appointments, checking

waiting times, checking diagnosis results, post-payment of medical bills, daily health records,
and data sharing within the family. This allows users to check their health information anddiagnosis results at any time, for example, by linking the data of grandparents who live faraway from home.
Based on the above, we will consider the Data Health Intensive Reform Plan again.
This plan plans to provide PHR services using Mynaportal, but the timing has not yet been
determined and the plan is still in the study stage, so it is necessary to create a plan as soon as
possible. In addition, the electronic medical record (EMR) penetration rate should be 100%
as a prerequisite for the development of this service, but it is currently less than 50%, so there
is still a long way to go. Furthermore, as with the Dolphin Project, this plan is not well known
by the general public. Unless these improvements are also made, it will be difficult to gain
the understanding of the private sector, raise funds, and secure sponsors. I feel that the
government should consider using influencers and tie-ups with well-known companies.
In light of the above, I have thought about what should be done to solve the issues
related to PHRs in Japan. I believe that the government will be more likely to act if the public
is more interested in the issue. The reasons for the lack of interest in these reforms are as
follows.
➢ Because they don't know the benefits of widespread PHR use in the first place.
➢ Because only a very limited number of people, the medical profession, have a real
sense of what's going on in healthcare.
➢ Because some people are afraid or anxious about handling highly personal
information on the network.
In order to eliminate these three reasons, I believe that we should promote the benefits ofintroducing PHRs and the safety of Japan's information and communications technology. To
begin with, we use the Internet for payment services and various procedures on a daily basis,
and it is thought that safety is guaranteed to some extent.
Then, the benefits were reorganized to disseminate the advantages of implementing
PHR services.

✓Patient side

➢ Check your own health status anytime, anywhere➢ Online, contactless access to medication prescriptions, hospital visits, etc➢ Avoid congestion and make the most of your time
➢ Preventing lifestyle-related diseases by understanding each person's health status➢ Manage and view your body data throughout your life✓Government and healthcare organizations side

➢ Real-time understanding of the public's needs for healthcare and the system➢ Long-term reduction in personnel costs through mechanization of window operations,etc.
Are there any disadvantages in addition to the above advantages? One of the possible

disadvantages is the risk of information leakage. In the conventional management method,each medical institution owns its own paper medical records, and the risk of information
leakage due to external attacks is considered to be low. This is a safety feature that can beprovided because the Internet is not used. However, taken as a whole, they are susceptible todamage from natural disasters and fire, and the risk of information loss is considered to berelatively high. In addition, depending on the number of years a hospital has been in
operation, the number of documents may become too large, making it difficult to manage andpreventing the smooth provision of medical services.
On the other hand, the medical service using PHR that we want to disseminate in thisresearch can also protect data from natural disasters by using distributed storage andmirroring. In addition, since only a minimum number of documents are required for eachhospital, there is no need to worry about overflowing with patients' medical records anddocuments, and it enables speedy medical procedures using the cloud. In addition, as acountermeasure against computer theft in large hospitals, the use of thin client terminals(where data is stored in the cloud and does not exist on the terminal) is thought to reduce
the risk of information leaks. In addition, we believe that we will be able to feel theconvenience of DX in our daily lives through the linkage with DX, which has been
implemented in local cities and various other places in recent years.
3 Conclusion
Therefore, I thought of solutions to solve medical problems these days. In general,
Generally speaking, global infectious diseases and disasters are said to be the catalyst for
rapid technological innovation and innovation. It is in times of distress that people come up
with ideas and overcome crises.

Ⅰ. Government relations spot commercials promote the benefits of PHRs.

➥Public awareness will be raised and more interest will be generated by promoting thebenefits on television and other places where many people can see the benefits. Currently,
broadcasts are being made on vaccination against new coronavirus infection.

Ⅱ. Release of the official government PHR app with a focus on UI.

➥We will make applications and services that are easy to use for more people by designingthem with an emphasis on ease of use. Also, as was the case with the contact infection
confirmation application COCOA, we think it is necessary to be careful and make itsomething that can be used by a wide range of users, because if it receives a lot of negative
publicity, the image of the service will deteriorate.

Ⅲ. Red Cross Hospitals around the country will adopt the system on a trial basis and make itavailable to a large number of people.
➥Red Cross Hospitals are widely established in both urban and rural areas, which is a good
opportunity to make people of many generations and living in different unique environments
evenly aware of the quality of their services. In addition, since many departments are
established, it is easy to learn about various needs and to expand necessary functions.

Ⅳ. Promoting PHRs in commercials for smartwatches and other health care devices.
➥Introducing the benefits of PHRs along with devices that can actually be used inconjunction with PHR services will increase the willingness to purchase them, which will
help revitalize the market. In the past, PHR devices have been advertised along withinsurance products, etc. However, I feel that we should advertise devices that can bepurchased without complicated procedures such as contracts, etc. to make it easier for more
people to use them.

Ⅴ. Combine links to what the government, public agencies, companies, etc. are doing toadvance PHRs and medical information on a single website.
➥This item is something I can do and will continue to consider and realize. At this point, theconstruction of the web page has been completed and I am working on identifying reliable
information.
4 References●「Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare」<https://www.mhlw.go.jp/index.html>(2021/05/21)●「Special Site of Covid-19 from NHK」

<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/special/coronavirus/data/>(2021/10/10)「Current Status and Challenges of Health Information Services (EHR/PHR) in Japan
with Special Reference to the Dolphin Project」(Hiroyuki Yoshihara)● 「OECD Health Care 2021 in Chart form: Japan」(Rie Fujisawa)● 「Trends of Domestic Healthcare Services and Utilization of PHR」(Yasuko●

Kamigawabe)●「Country Overviews and Trends in Healthcare ICT.」（Deloitte Tohmatsu
Consulting LLC）

Campaign Resellers~ Thinking about reselling from an economic point of view ~5218 Narumi Saito
Abstract"Reselling is evil". This is a common understanding worldwide. Why does resale occur inthe markets? In a normal market, the price is determined and balanced at the equilibrium
point where the demand curve and the supply curve intersect. However, when demand greatly
exceeds supply, resale occurs because there are people who buy even if the price is higher
than the list one. In order to make a profit by such unfair means, resellers are envied andhated by people and are called "evil". However I think there might be a way to resell it.
Therefore, I decided to think about resale from an economic point of view. As a hypothesis, I
thought that if we deliberately put resellers in places where the market is not very active andlower the supply curve, the scarcity value will inevitably increase and the economy will turnaround. As a result, it was found that it cannot be said unconditionally that there is no use forresale. I couldn't find a market that was actually producing results, but I thought there was amarket where reselling would be useful in theory.
1 Introduction
The global spread of the new coronavirus has created a common problem around the world.
It is buying up masks and reselling masks at high prices.This is because a false rumor about ashortage of masks spread through social media such as Twitter, Mercari which is free market
appreciation and so on, and people who believed it brought up masks. However, along withthis action, there was also a high-priced resale of buying up masks on purpose and sellingthem to people who really needed them for more than double the price they bought. This
made the hoarding even more serious, and people who needed masks could only get themfrom resale. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of cases where a certain
specific item is resold at a high price. I was curious aTherefore, this time, in order to reducethe damage caused by reselling, I decided to proceed with research based on the researchquestion, "What is the relationship between reselling and the economy?" As a researchmethod, first, we investigate the cases where resale is likely to occur and the factors behind it
using the Internet. Next, we examine the solutions and their effects in case examples, and list
the advantages and disadvantages. We then use a demand-supply curve to illustrate the casewhere resale occurs, and consider why the solution did not work. From these data, we devise
the most efficient solutions to eliminate reselling. Also, it would be good if we could consider
whether the act of reselling is really evil from the perspective of economics.
2 Discussion and ImplicationsFirst, as shown in Figure 1, in a normal market, the demand curve and the supply curveintersect at a certain equilibrium point, and the equilibrium price is set. Many things follow
this demand-supply curve, but the demand-supply curve differs from this for perishables andfurniture, for which the amount of supply and demand varies depending on the season. I
would like to explain how the supply and demand curves for perishables and furniture aredrawn here. First, let us talk about
perishables. Due to crop failures, disasters
or wars, and increases in raw material
prices or wages, the supply curve shifts asshown in Figure 2 (1). As a result, theequilibrium price also shifts upwards,
making the price higher. On the other
hand, the supply curve shifts as shown in
Figure 2 (2) due to a good harvest,
technological innovation, and lower raw
material prices and wages. As a result, theequilibrium price also shifts downward,
making the price cheaper.
Next is furniture. The demand curve
shifts to (1) in Figure 3 due to risingincomes and rising popularity. As a result,the equilibrium price also shifts upwards,
making the price higher. On the other
hand, the demand curve shifts to (2) inFigure 3 due to falling incomes andfalling popularity. As a result, theequilibrium price also shifts downward,
making the price cheaper. What we have discussed so far is the case in which the market

naturally stabilizes without being affected by external influences.
However, when the market is not stable, for example when demand is too high for supply, it
is subject to external influences. That is "reselling". Here, we will discuss resale by taking
ticket sales as an example. Ticket sales have been in limited supply since the beginning, but
demand is limitless. Figure. 4 shows the diagram. As the demand is higher than the supply,
the price is naturally higher. However ticket sales are priced as well as supplied from thestart. Therefore, the price appears outside
the demand curve, as shown by the red
dots in Figure 4. Hence, I thought that it
would not be naturally stable and would
allow intervention from the outside.
There is another reason for allowing
outside intervention. That means that there
are people who buy tickets from resellers
no matter how expensive they are. Since resellers are already reducing the supply, thedemand is even higher and the number of people who can't get it increases. Therefore, there
are a certain number of people who buy from resellers, and they buy even at unreasonable
prices. However I think that this unfair price is the price that should be set. Based on supply
and demand, resellers set prices that consumers can barely afford, and consumers understandthat, so they will buy no matter how high the prices are, according to my analysis. I thoughtthat the above two points, ``The fixed price is not naturally stable'' and ``The situation where
consumers understand the equilibrium price'' are the causes of resale.
Next, I thought about how to use resale. Resale has been intervening and influencing an
unstable market. What if we deliberately let resellers intervene in an already stable market?
In other words, they are trying to forcibly reduce the amount of supply and add valuable
value to the product. Doing so will result in Figure 5, where you can get a higher profit thanFigure 1, which is usually stable. From an economic point of view, it can be said that theeconomy is driven by resale. However, it will be difficult for the reseller to make a profit, so
it will be difficult to realize.
3 Conclusion
From this paper, I came to the conclusion that there is a possibility that the economy
recognizes resale as an advantage in response to the research question "What is therelationship between resale and the economy?" Also, I thought that the most effective

solution to eradicate reselling is to crush the cause of reselling,clear purpose and easy.
Regarding the first cause, pricing, there is a problem with management that does not consider
the equilibrium price. Therefore, it may be necessary to set the price in line with theequilibrium price from the beginning, and then set the price again if the demand-supply curve
deviates. By doing so, resellers will not be able to buy up a large amount, and since thepricing is appropriate, it will be difficult for resellers to make a profit. Next, let us consider
the second cause, the consumer. Why do consumers buy products from resellers? This may bepartly due to the lack of networks. The fact that people do not have access to networks meanthat consumers do not trust each other much because they are interacting on social media.
However, resellers who only aim to make a profit have some track records, so it is easy for
consumers to use. We will introduce a tool that will surely get the product here. The tool is toconnect consumers with people who for some reason can no longer obtain or need to obtainproducts. This is an application of existing tool ticket trading. Ticket trading still has many
disadvantages, but if we can overcome the disadvantages and use it in fields other thantickets, we think there will be no curtain for resellers. Finally, I wonder if resale is bad, but I
do not think it's all the responsibility of the reseller, even though it is bad. I thought that
resale happens because of the management side and the consumer. Therefore, it is necessary
for the management side to take measures to prevent reselling, and for consumers to makeefforts not to buy from resellers, to reduce the existence of reselling.
4 References
Yosuke Mamiya (2021) "Modern Society" Tokyo
Books Hamashima Shoten Editorial Department (2021) "Latest Illustrated Current Company"
Hamashima Shoten
Impact of the attractiveness of products with high scarcity value on resale
https://www.kochi-tech .ac.jp/library/ron/pdf/2020/03/15/a1210398.pdf Retrieved 2022.08.27
Resale behavior and efficiency
https://www.eco.nihon-u.ac.jp/about/magazine/shushi/pdf/ 90_02/90_02_02.pdf
Retrieved 2022.08.27
The Economics of Ticket Scalping
https://jimmyatkinson.com/papers/the-economics-of-ticket-scalping/ Retrieved 2022.08.27
The effects of supplier fairness on vulnerable resellers
https://ink.library.smu.edu. sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6204&context=lkcsb_research
Retrieved 2022.08.27

World Revolution of Library~Build a city whose core is local library~
5219 Mio Sasaoka
Abstract
With the research question “What can libraries do to promote the revitalization of thelocal community”, I got some information from the Internet and literature to develop mystudy through interaction in school. Out of what northern libraries are, I think there are twothings that libraries can do, “to play a role which connects local people and facilities whichhave a cooperation with a library” and “actively disseminate information about the local
community”. We will create a network of whole regions centered on the library in order toexpand the range of activities. In addition, if the information disseminated by the libraryincreases opportunities for residents to think about the "local community" of the area itself, it
will be the first step in community formation, and the future direction will be decided. In thisresearch, I need to think how libraries should cooperate with local people and how to transmit
information more specifically.
１ Introduction“The Decline of Local Communities”―this is a word that we often hear in the news
these days. In urban areas, it is difficult to form relationships with local people because of
the rapid turnover of people. Even in rural areas, declining birth rates and an aging
population are progressing, and ties as a local community are fading. I wonder why "local
community" is attracting attention now. There are various reasons for this, but one of them isdisaster response. Furthermore, it is also cited as one of the solutions to problems such as thelonely death of the elderly and the isolation of families in the child-rearing generation.
Based on the contents above, I focused on libraries that exist all over the world. In
2018, there are about 3,360 libraries in Japan, and the number is on the rise. Many libraries
are equipped with Internet access and have a wide variety of literature. If such a library is thecenter of community development, it may be possible to form a community more smoothly.
The research question of this study is "What can libraries do to promote the activationof local communities?" In order to answer this research question, we conduct research using
the Internet, literature, overseas papers, etc., improve the quality of research through seminars
and interim presentations in English, and finally present the final results at our school.

２ Discussion and implications
I summarized my own considerations, including the contents of my own previous
research, “The World Library Revolution: Aiming for libraries that people want''. Details areas below.
◯What is a library?
Libraries are mainly classified into six categories according to the type of user:
national libraries, university libraries, public libraries, school libraries, specialized libraries,
and libraries installed in other facilities. In addition, public libraries are divided into public
libraries and private libraries (details are described later). The subject of my research in thisstudy was the public library.
In Japan's "Library Law", a library is defined as "a facility that collects, organizes,
and preserves books, records, and other necessary materials for use by the general public, andcontributes to education, research, recreation, etc. , local governments, the Japanese Red
Cross Society, general incorporated associations, or general incorporated foundations(excluding libraries or library rooms attached to schools)." A library established by theJapanese Red Cross Society is called a public library. Likewise a library established by theJapanese Red Cross Society, a general incorporated association, or a general incorporated
foundation is referred to as a private library." (This library law applies only to public
libraries.) In addition, there are some differences depending on the country. For example, inFinland's "Public Library Law (Laki yleisistä kirjastoista)", "Public library means a municipal
library facility for all residents of a municipality." defined.
◯Northern Libraries
In the "Systematic Public Library of the YearAward" sponsored by the International Federation of
Library Associations (IFLA) every year, "Aarhus
Public Library Library Dook 1” in 2016, Holland’s“School 7” in 2018, Finland’s “Helsinki Central
Library Oodi” in 2019, and Norway’s “Daitman
Björbika” in 2021 were chosen. We can find that manyof the libraries that were selected were from Northern Europe. While researching thelibraries in Northern Europe to find out why, I found some different points from Japan interms of the role and position of libraries in Northern Europe, and what was emphasized. Ifound some differences. In Scandinavia, public
libraries were closely tied to the region, and thelibrary was the base of people's cultural activities.
For example, I felt that many relatively large
libraries have a maker space with 3D printers andvarious tools, a music studio with full-fledged
equipment, and a stage where events can be held.
I also felt that each library has its own
commitment to equipment such as chairs andbookshelves in the library. The photo on the rightshows, from the top, the overall view of theFinnish public library "Oodi", the music studio,
and the third floor of the building. The facilities
are substantial, and the people who spend time
there seem to be using this space in their own way. Compared to Japanese libraries, first ofall, you can see that the scale is different. Also, contrary to the Japanese image of a library as
a "quiet place," the fact that people can chat normally seems to be buying an aspect of it as aplace for interaction among residents.
We can say that the origins of libraries and the climate around Northern Europe have a
lot to do with why libraries in Northern Europe are developing. Northern Europe is cold, and
it is said that there has been a custom of knitting and reading without going outside in thewinter. Because of that influence, reading is still rooted in people in Northern Europe.
◯Community Centers
While researching community center libraries, I found a document stating that while
the number of libraries in Japan is increasing, the number of community centers isdecreasing. The number of public halls is still about 10,000, but in the last 20 years or so, thenumber of libraries has increased by about 1,000, while the number of public halls has
decreased by about 5,000. In a situation where public halls, which serve as places forinteraction among local residents, are decreasing, we can suggest that the role of the publichall could be supplemented if we apply how libraries in Northern Europe function as places
for cultural exchange to Japanese libraries.

[table]Changes in the number of public halls and libraries in Japan (based on the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology's "Social Education Statistics")
1999

2018

libraries

2,592

3,360

community

19,063

14,281

centers◯Necessity of Local Community
Introductions have been preaching that the local community is necessary because ofthis. However, at an interim presentation at the school, I received the opinion that "people
who do not think that the local community is necessary are meaningless in the first place."
Certainly, if everyone knew they needed a local community, it wouldn't have declined as it
does now. In fact, there are some people who do not want to get involved in local children's
associations because of some kind of trouble in the community. Even in the area where I
live, there are conflicting opinions between the north and the south, and now there is nointeraction like in the past. Forming communities can make life both rich and dangerous. It
can be said that the local community of the future needs to be able to maintain an appropriate
distance between residents. In addition, it will be necessary in this research to publicize thenecessity of such a community.
３ Conclusion
The research question of this thesis - First, it should cooperate with local facilities andplay the role of a bridge that connects local residents. This is necessary if we want to makethe most of the existing library and expand the range of activities. We need to create a
network for the entire region centered on the library. Libraries will also be able toproactively disseminate information about the "local community." By disseminating
information from the library, if the residents have more opportunities to think about the "local
community" of the area itself, it will be the first step in community formation, and I believethat the future direction will be decided.
The problem of this study is that we have not been able to determine the details.
Also, we are still only thinking about the "Japan" part of "From Japan to the World." When
thinking about the "world" from now on, for example, what a library can do in a given regionvaries greatly depending on the world's literacy rate, the state of the library's installation, theliving environment, and so on. At that time, it will be necessary to obtain several times morematerials than we have now. To think in more detail about how to collaborate withinstitutions and how to disseminate information, and to obtain materials for thinking on a
global scale—this is the subject of this research.
４ Referenses"Library Law | e-Gov Law Search" <https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp › document>(Accessed: December 15, 2021)"Laki yleisistä kirjastoista 1492/2016 - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö”〈https://www.finlex.fi › laki › ajantasa〉 (Accessed: December 16, 2021)”Why Finland was chosen as the world's best public library ...”https://www.pen-online.jp ›article> (Accessed: December 1, 2021)
５ Bibliography
Junko Kobayashi Sodermann, Yuko Yoshida, Naomi Wake (2012)" Swedish Public Libraries which Support Reading"SHINHYORON PUBLISHING INC.
Yuko Yoshida, Kimino Koizumi, Aki Henttonen Sakata (2019)"Public Libraries in Finland: Secrets of Progress" SHINHYORON PUBLISHING INC.
"Survey Report on Public Libraries in Foreign Countries Survey Results ... - Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology" <https://www.mext.go.jp › shougai ›tosho › houkoku〉 (accessed: May 19, 2021)"IFLA/Systematic Public Library of the Year"〈https://www.ifla.org › ifla-systematic-...> (accessed: March 2, 2022)"Social Education Survey - Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"<https://www.mext.go.jp › toukei › chousa02 › shakai> (accessed: March 16, 2022)
ReasonsLocal Communities Now”

KomfortaEnliven |“toThree, The Decline of Local Communities in Rural Areas – Ministry ofLand, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism” (https://www.mlit.go.jp › hakusyo › mlit ›hakusho › html) (accessed: July 1, 2022)

The Comprehensive Gender Framework―To protect new connection as an alternative to marriage―
5220 Sato Yutaro
Abstract
In this paper, same–gender marriage is discussed mainly. In order to solve thisproblem, we have come to the conclusion that “the comprehensive gender framework” is aneffective solution. This means that not to recognize marriage for same-gender people, but toprotect new connections between them. It can be presumed that it will enable many countries
to adapt same-sex marriage which they cannot adapt due to the public opinion or religious
reasons.
1.Introduction
The concern about same-gender marriage or partnership systems in the world has
risen. Currently, only about 20% of countries and regions in the world have systems thatguarantee the rights of same-gender couples, such as same-gender marriage and registeredpartnerships. In other words, more than 80% of countries, including Japan, do not recognize
them. Not only that, in 88 countries it is supposed to legal restrictions or penalties, with thedeath penalty in the most serious cases. Therefore, this study was conducted in order todeepen this issue.
Then, "What is needed to create and protect a new connected relationship as analternative to marriage?" was set as the research question. This research was mainly based ona survey of previous studies on marriage or family systems, and gender issues on the internet,
such as CiNii.
2.Discussion and implications
In this age of emphasis on respect for diversity, there are several possible reasons why
only about 20% of countries recognize same-sex marriage.
The first is religious reasons. This is especially true in Middle Eastern and Africancountries, in other word, in the Islamic world. This is because the classical interpretation ofIslam does not recognize same-sex marriage. Even in countries where same-sex marriage has
been legalized, such as the U.S, there is wide range of positions, from condemnation of thoseto positive acceptance of it because some passages in the Old Testament seems to deny it.

The second is public opinion: according to a poll conducted by NHK, 57% of
respondents were in favor of same-sex marriage, while 37% of them were opposed. The mostcommon reasons for opposition are that it will lead to fewer children and lower fertility rates,
and that marriage should be between man and woman, then by the belief that it will destroy
the traditional family structure.
The "comprehensive gender framework" is defined as a system that widely protects
same-gender marriage, which extends the traditional institution of marriage for heterosexuals
to homosexuals, as well as the institution of partnerships. In discussing this issue, we willconsider same-sex marriage and the partnership system.
As the name suggests, same-sex marriage is the recognition of the right to marry
between persons of the same gender, which was previously recognized only between personsof the opposite gender. States often recognize this right by 1:amending laws governing
marriage or 2:by enacting new laws that recognize same-gender marriages. The United States
and Taiwan use the latter (2) approach. Conversely, those marriages are very difficult to
introduce because it necessarily involves the amendment and enforcement of laws andregulations, especially important laws such as the Constitution and the Marriage Act (Civil
Law), and public opinion is likely to be divided into terms of changing conventional values.
The partnership system is a system that grants same-sex couples rights equivalent tomarriage or part of marriage. Norway and Sweden have introduced this system on a national
basis, while some local governments in Japan have introduced it. Since this system isseparated from marriage between a man and a woman, the barriers to its introduction are said
to be lower than those for same-gender marriage, which may require amendments to theConstitution and the Civil Code (Marriage Law). However, if it is introduced only at the local
government level, as in Japan, the rights are quite limited. This is because marriage is a legalact, which entails various legal rights and obligations such as the right to support andinheritance. On the other hand, the partnership system is a system determined by theguidelines of the local government. Therefore, effects are limited, for example, in terms of
public housing and hospital visitation.
Then, I introduce a foundational, inclusive gender framework. These days, each state
has its own protection system. As mentioned in the introduction, there are countries that“persecute” rather than protect. Therefore, we propose a foundational framework that forms

the basis of each country's own generous protection policy, as shown in the figure(1).

One of the merits to introducing this system is its flexibility, that is to say, countries
can select types of protection, like [1][2][3] in the figure, depending on their own culture,relief, or religion while protecting at least as a minimum.
3.Conclusion
In conclusion, I propose the introduction of "The Comprehensive Gender Framework" as asolution to one of the problems related to marriage. Further study and research is needed to
introduce this framework.
4.References
・上田宏和（2016）.「Obergefell判決における同性婚と婚姻の権利」.『創価法学』.46号.
2016-07.pp1-31
・上田宏和（2017）.「日本における同性婚容認の可能性」.『創価法学』.47号.
2017-07-20.pp1-31
・NHK. (2021, July 1). ジェンダー “社会の本音”は？ NHK世論調査より①.
https://www.nhk.or.jp/gendai/comment/0029/topic023.html

Baseball in Europe~Baseball 5 makes it easy for children to take on the game of baseball~5221 Soichiro Shimada
Abstract
In order to spread baseball around the world, it is first necessary to have people recognize
and experience it as an easier and safer game. For this purpose, Baseball 5 and Cap baseball
are recommended. Since this game can be played in a small space, street fights are also
possible. Therefore, we conducted research mainly in Europe, where street fights such as
basketball and soccer are easily conducted. As a result, we believe that cricket, which is said
to be the origin of baseball, will be widely spread in Europe.

1 Introduction
The reason for setting the theme was that the number of baseball players in the world iscurrently decreasing, and we wanted to increase the number of players mainly in Europe,
where the number of players is relatively small. Last year, when I researched the decrease in
the number of baseball players in Japan, I found a declining trend, so I will conduct researchon this theme. The goal of this research is to make it easier for people to play baseballregardless of gender. The sport of baseball cannot be played by both men and women except
for high school students and older, and in hardball games, men and women are not allowed toplay separately. We will conduct research to improve this situation.

2 Discussion and implicationsFirst, we learned that baseball originated in Europe. Therefore, baseball tournaments arealso held in Europe. However, it is not something that can be played at any time in daily life
like soccer. That is largely due to the problem of whether or not street fights can be held. In
contrast to soccer and basketball, baseball is a large-scale game and cannot be said to beeasily played. However, there is currently a proposal by the World baseball softball federation
called "Baseball 5”.It is like a five-player baseball game, but it does not require a bat andgloves and can be played by both men and women. The court area can be 21m x 21m, making

it easier to play than conventional baseball. Since there is no rule that men and women must
be separated in this game, this is one of the ways to achieve the goal of this research.
Next, we investigated cap baseball, a simple indoor baseball game played in some parts ofJapan. In cap baseball, all that is used are plastic bottle caps and a special bat. Cap baseballcan also be played 5 vs. 5. It can also be played in a smaller area and can be enjoyed by both
men and women. Currently, the game is only played in a small part of Japan, so it is not wellknown and has a small population. The disadvantage of this game is that it requires a specialbat. It is important to consider whether it is possible to replace the bat with a broom, plastic
bottle, or other everyday items.
A manager or coach is essential in a nine-man baseball team. Some people looking at the
baseball world from the outside may have the idea that managers and coaches are scary, mustshave their heads, etc. In order for children to enjoy playing baseball in a relaxed and fun
environment, it is important to allow them to play baseball on their own. “Baseball 5" is abetter choice than 9-man baseball because it is not dangerous, and we recommend it as anopportunity for children to start playing baseball.
There are two ways to spread the concept: First, Baseball 5 is recommended by the Wbsc,
so it should be done gradually as an experience at tournaments held in various countries
around the world. If this can be done, it should gradually spread. The second way is for thenational baseball team of the country to spread the idea. This would be the easiest way, since
there is a national baseball team in Europe.
Next, we will consider how women can be involved in the game as a profession. In Japan,
there is currently a women's professional baseball team. However, it is not well known andinternational tournaments are held infrequently. Therefore, we would like to get involved as aperson who goes overseas to introduce cap baseball and baseball5 to people in othercountries. We also believe that there should be an option to get involved with current
professional baseball teams as strategists and trainers. First of all, we should dispel the factthat baseball is a men's sport, and then increase opportunities to get involved in this way.

3 Conclusion
We recommend Baseball5 to encourage people around the world to play baseball. By doing
so, the number of baseball players will increase. The obstacles in this process are who will
promote the game to the world and how to get people to switch to baseball.

4 References
European Baseball Congress
https://www.wbsc.org/ja/news/baseball-europe-reveals-international-competition-schedules
2021/5/28
Cap Baseball Information Bureau Website
https://cap-baseball.com/
2021/7/30
Baseball in the World Baseball Japan Official Site
https://www.japan-baseball.jp/jp/world/#unit-deu
2021/7/30
Baseball5 Rulebook
https://baseballjapan.org/jpn/baseball5japan/doc/Baseball5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A
B%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%EF%BC%88%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%
9E%EF%BC%89.pdf
2021/9/29

An Innovative Approach to Increasing Youth Sport Participation: The Case of Baseball5
https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/cssm/10/S1/article-pS24.xml
2022/4/30

Diffusion of Organic Cosmetics~ Make Organic Cosmetics More Familiar with Subscription ~5222 Sakira Suzuki
Abstract
Cosmetics are mainly made of petroleum-based and chemical ingredients. As a result, it
leads to environmental problems such as global warming and affecting people. Organic
cosmetics do not use petroleum-based ingredients, so they have a positive impact not only on
the earth but also on people. However, there is currently no official uniform standard fororganic cosmetics in Japan and the world. As a result, there are many organic cosmetics
based on their own standards, causing confusion among consumers. Therefore, I propose to
create a store-type organic cosmetics subscription. Based on issues such as "COSMOS",
which is a unified standard in Europe, and consumer opinions, we aim to offer a subscriptionthat is safe and easy for consumers to understand and environmentally friendly.
1 Introduction
The purpose of this research is to popularize organic cosmetics as a step toward a
non-petroleum society. General cosmetics contain many petroleum-based ingredients andchemical ingredients, and in recent years, they have had an impact on people and theenvironment. For example, cosmetics have caused health problems such as rashes, eczema,
and vitiligo. There are also environmental problems such as the impact of plastic containerswhich could affect micro plastic, and deforestation for raw materials for cosmetics. In thedomestic market for natural and organic cosmetics, there is a growing awareness of safety
and security regarding cosmetics, an increase in consumers who think that they should live ina sustainable environment, and an increase in the number of women who are aware that they
have sensitive skin. There is a lot of interest in the background. On the other hand, a unified
standard for organic cosmetics and natural cosmetics has not been established in Japan andthe world at present, and certification standards vary considerably depending on eachcertification body. As a result, there is confusion among consumers, such as not knowing thedifference between the certification marks or not knowing which certification mark to trust.
From the above, I thought that the popularization of organic cosmetics would be beneficial
for people and the environment.

2 Discussion and implications◯ Types of oil-free cosmetics
There are various types of oil-free cosmetics, such as natural cosmetics, organic cosmetics,
natural cosmetics, and vegan cosmetics. First of all, natural cosmetics is a general term forcosmetics that use naturally derived or naturally-derived raw materials and minimize the useof chemically synthesized raw materials or do not use them at all. Organic cosmetics refer toeither cosmetics that have obtained organic certification or cosmetics made using organic
materials that do not place a burden on the environment,'' among natural cosmetics.
Cosmetics made according to this definition can be called "natural cosmetics" or "organic
cosmetics" but there is no official standard in Japan so far. Natural cosmetics and organic
cosmetics are not just about using raw materials derived from nature. "Organic cosmetics"
originally meant "a farming method that does not place a burden on the environment" andthese cosmetics are required to be environmentally friendly products that make good use ofnature. In other words, it is necessary to consider the environment not only in raw materials,
but also in the production of raw materials, the manufacturing method of products, and sales.
For these reasons, the subject of this research was set as "organic cosmetics." Among them,skincare cosmetics/basic cosmetics (skin lotions, milky lotions, hair shampoos, etc.) weretargeted.
◯Comparison of Organic cosmetics and general cosmetics
I explain the difference between organic cosmetics and general cosmetics. First of all, theconcept of general cosmetics is to pinpoint ingredients according to the desired effect, such as"moisturizing" and "prevention of acne", so we take the approach of "dealing with problems
that have occurred." On the other hand, organic cosmetics take the approach of "preventing
trouble from occurring" by taking advantage of the natural health of the skin throughcomplex ingredients contained in naturally derived ingredients. The merits of organic
cosmetics include the fact that they are mild, the natural healing power can be enhanced byusing them, and the earth and animals are taken into consideration. Disadvantages include
low immediate effect, high cost compared to general cosmetics, and short expiry date. The
advantage of general cosmetics is that they are distributed in an environment where it is easy
to obtain and the price is reasonable. General cosmetics can be purchased at drugstores andrecently convenience stores. In addition, recently, many cheap plastic cosmetics brands arealso distributed. The downside is that it can pose a health hazard. Main cosmetic raw
materials include oil-based raw materials such as petroleum and waxes, surfactants,
moisturizing agents, preservatives, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, coloring materials, andfragrances. Special additives such as vitamins, amino acids, hormones, and natural extracts
are also available. By using petroleum-based ingredients, it is possible to make products at alow cost, so the cost performance is high, and it is possible to provide intensive care for skinproblems with symptomatic therapy, and to give immediate effects. On the other hand, thenumber of people who are allergic to petroleum-based ingredients and chemical ingredients isincreasing, and damage such as vitiligo caused by penetrating cosmetics is occurring. It issaid that there are more than 8,000 active ingredients in cosmetics made from petroleum, and
it is difficult to grasp all of them and to know and inform them of the dangers. In addition,skin troubles that occur with age may be caused not only by aging but also by theaccumulation of petroleum-based ingredients.
◯ Current situation
In Japan, we are developing and selling non-petroleum cosmetics such as Shinary
Cosmetics, Arte, and KOTOSHINA. An organization called the Japan Organic Cosmetics
Association is working to spread organic cosmetics. Currently, there is no unified standard fororganic cosmetics in Japan. In addition, many certification marks are distributed in Japan.
Also, since these marks are not public, there are no penalties. In this situation, even if only
1% of the cosmetics are organic, and the remaining 99% are petroleum-based or
chemical-based, they can still be called organic cosmetics. That is why “fake cosmetics”
exist.

As a result, consumers are confused, such as "I don't know the difference" or "I don't know
which mark to believe".
◯Current situation of the world

There are organic certifications such as “COSMOS” and “NATRUE” in the world, but thestandards vary. As the organic cosmetics market expanded and products with various
certification standards circulated in the market, confusion and perplexity increased among
consumers, such as "Which organic certification is safe?" and "Which standard is correct?" .
Since around 2000, there has been a movement to establish a unified European standard.
International agreed to establish an Over the next eight years, each standard was compiled,
and in 2010, the international standard "COSMOS Certification" was born. After that, thestandard for one association ended in 2016. From January 2017, certification will be
performed according to the certification standards established by "COSMOS Certification".
Since 2007, the COSMOS mark has been added to the existing five marks. However,products certified before 2017 will not bear the COSMOS mark. If you want to update thecurrent product to a product with the COSMOS mark or sell the product, you will need toadjust the ingredients according to the COSMOS certification standards, and you will need toobtain new certification. In other words, not all marks have the COSMOS mark. Therefore, it
is difficult for consumers who do not know the history to distinguish and understand.
3 Conclusion
I propose subscription as a way to popularize organic cosmetics. By making it a flat-rate
system, you will be able to easily try various organic cosmetics. According to a survey
conducted by “@cosme'', many people said, "Even if a product is popular, I don't know if itwill suit me." In addition, it was found that many people hesitated to purchase skincare andbasic cosmetics because they could not try them on testers or samples in advance. Therefore,
we propose this store-type subscription. By making it a store type, you can try cosmetics
before purchasing, and ask the staff what you don't understand or worry about. We also
thought that if we had customers bring their own containers, there would be no need to
package them one by one, which would lead to resource conservation. We thought that
handling only products with uniform standards would lead to public awareness of thecertification standards. Organic cosmetics do not use preservatives and have a short
expiration date, so there are still issues in terms of storage and management methods andcosts at stores. For the cost problem, I’m thinking of collaborating with a high brand.

@cosme@cosme@cosme4 References
Sinary: Scenery of Environmental Revolution: Sinary Co., Ltd.
https://www.sinary.com/(2021/05/28)
Japan Organic Cosmetics Association
https://joca.jp/(2021/05/28)
john masters organics Brand Story John Masters Organic Official Online Store Natural &Organic Cosmetics
https://brand.johnmasters.jp/(2021/06/08)
Survey on the natural and organic cosmetics market (2022) Market research and marketing
Yano Research Institutehttps://www.yano.co.jp/press-release/show/press_id/2588(2021/09/03)
https://www.istyle.co.jp/news/info/2021/10/1014.html
Survey on purchase of cosmetics in secondary distribution @cosme

90% of people want to try samples and testers before purchasing cosmetics. Answer: Is the
Trial Town at Nijishima the key to purchasing products in primary distribution? Results of“Survey on Cosmetics Purchases in Secondary Distribution at @cosme” istyle istyle Co., Ltd.
https://www.istyle.co.jp/news/info/2021/10/1014.html#:~:text=%
E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%B5%81%E9%80%9A%E3%81%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%
B2%A7%E5%93%81,%E3%81%8C%E6%8C%99%E3%81%92%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9
7%E3%81%9F%E3%80 %82(2022/01/18)
Mercari Announces Joint Research on "Secondary Distribution Market for
Cosmetics/Cosmetics" The scale of the rainbow distribution market for cosmetics/cosmetics
is estimated at 155.5 billion yen
https://about.mercari.com/press /news/articles/20211014_cosmesurvey/(2022/01/18)"Is YOUR eyeshadow a breeding ground for bacteria? Women keep make-up for six YEARS
after expiry date-leaving them at risk of infection" (2022/05/06)
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2259621/British-women-make-YEARS-expiry-da
te-making-breeding-ground-bacteria--eye-make-holds-greatest-risk-infection html
"Organic and natural cosmetic product - who benefits the most" (2022/05/06)
https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/arhfarm/article/view/34050"Organic cosmetics and money awareness survey Report” (2022/06/14)
https://www.atpress.ne.jp/news/203906

The work-style reform of rookie animators-For the new system that exceeds the age of Osamu Tezuka5223 Kana Takahashi
Abstract
What can be done to help eliminate the low wages for rookie animators? Most
Japanese animators are working on a piece-rate system as freelancers, and few of them aregiven a fixed salary as regular employees. Rookie animators with lower skills finish fewer
pieces per a day and cannot earn a proper income to make a living. In two aspects ofimproving skills and stabilizing salaries, expanding the scale of the "Animator Support
Organization" will be effective.The activities of this organization are to provide housing
support for rookie animators at the Rookie Animator Dormitory, and to hold the Rookie
Animator Awards and animation workshops. If the scale of the organization can be expanded,
new animators will be able to make a stable living. It is important to make animation fansaware of crowdfunding which the organization is currently doing.
1 Introduction
The animation industry is one of the most important elements of Japan's international
culture. The animation industry is developing not only in Japan but also in other parts of theworld, and although there are animations produced by foreign countries, Japanese animations
seem to be the most popular. Although Japanese animation has been attracting worldwide
attention in recent years, the problem of low wages for animators has been an issue for a longtime. In this study, I will consider ways to solve the problem of low wages for animators andthe animation industry related to this problem.
The animation industry is currently seen in the media a lot, and one of the mostinteresting issues is the low wages for animators, the overworking of animators, and theshortage of human resources. In particular, the fact that rookie animators are having a hardtime in life is sure to be a serious problem for the animation industry in the future. We hear a
lot about the low wages for animators and some other professions in Japan compared to theworld. I found that wages in the animation industry around the world are relatively similar toother professions, but in some areas, wages are just as low as in Japan. I think it is importantto solve this problem for the further development of Japanese animation in the world and forpeople around the world who enter the animation industry because of their admiration forJapanese animation. I also think that solving the problem of low wages in the animationindustry will lead the way in solving the problem of low wages in various professions aroundthe world. For these reasons, I decided to research this topic.
As a research method, my hypothesis is to come up with a system to support rookie
animators by reducing their financial and labor burdens from two perspectives. Mainly, I will
look at articles and company information from previous studies on the Internet and examine
the basic salary structure. As for previous research, Kazushi Yugami's "Labor in the
Animation Industry" already discussed the low wage issue in 2006. This shows that evenafter 17 years, there has been no change in the income situation. In addition, Mr. Fumihiko
Ikuta's "Policy and Institutional Design of the Contents Industry" focuses on the "Human

Resources Development Project for Young Animators," commonly known as "Anime Mirai,"
which is a project carried out by the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
2 Discussion and implications
According to several statistics, foreign animator’s income is far higher than that ofJapanese.Taking the difference between them into account, I found systems which can be
adopted to Japan.
a）Salary type and income
In major Japanese companies today, there are basic salary structures: age andservice pay, job-related pay, job performance pay, performance-based pay, androle-based pay.The animator's piece-rate system is "a performance-based pay" system.
In some cases, in addition to base salary, employees receive benefits as they needthem, including overtime, commuting, family, and housing allowances. Very few
animators work as full-time employees for companies, so most do not receive
benefits. In the U.S., the most common form of salary is " job-based pay". "Job-basedpay" is determined by the difficulty and importance of the work an employee
performs, and each job grade and job salary is determined through job analysis andjob evaluation. In Western Europe, the concept of "occupational pay" is fundamental.
The salary of an engineer or a cook, for example, is determined based on the type ofjob and the level of skill required to perform the job. The job category ( position) islarger than the job salary, and the salary is determined based on the difficulty of thejob and reflects the supply and demand of labor for the position. In many cases,
employees are hired on the condition that they are engaged in the job, and their job
type and their age rarely have an impact on their salary.
b）Present condition
In Japan, for instance, in the production of a 30-minute TV animation episode,
it is considered to take more than 3 months with about 150 people. However, theestimated number of animators in Japan is 6,000, and considering that there are about
100 titles currently on the air, we can calculate that there are 60 animators per title.
Next, according to the "Animation Producer Fact-Finding Survey Report 2019" (Ref.
1), annual income is 1,546,000 yen in the early 20s, 2,457,000 yen in the late 20s, and3,652,000 yen in the early 30s. Since the national average annual income is 2,620,000
yen in the early 20s, 3,610,000 yen in the late 20s, and 4,070,000 yen in the early 30s.
It is clear that the average income is lower than the average income among young
people in their 20s and early 30s. In their inexperience, animators mainly work for
low unit prices, and it is difficult for them to handle the volume of work, which makes
it difficult for animators who work on a piece-rate basis to earn income. In order tomake animations into moving pictures, the frames are divided, and the value per piece
was around 200 yen.
Furthermore, the number of drawings one person could make in a month used
to be considered 1,000, but nowadays, only half of that number, or 500 drawings, issufficient, judging from the improvement in drawing techniques and the quality of
today's animations. Calculating these figures, it was found that a monthly income of

79,000 yen was a better figure. The average monthly income of Japanese people isroughly 270,000 yen, so the difference is significant.
The annual salary for an animator working in the US is usually around
US$71,800 (8,130,000 yen). Salaries range from US$38,000 (minimum) toUS$109,000 (maximum), which is at least above the average income of Japanese
animators. This data indicates that animators in other countries are treated more
highly than those in Japan. This is due to the different wage systems and animation
production methods, as well as the fact that they are sponsored by large corporations.
c）Animation Production Method
In other countries, online distribution has become the major form of anime ,and production studios have established a powerful profit model that allows them toearn royalties for secondary use through collaborative production with Netflix,
Amazon Prime, and other online content companies. In Japan, on the other hand, the"production committee method" of production has been used for a long time. This is amethod in which funds are raised from several companies to produce a work. Thismethod also allows for secondary use profits, but the actual revenue is small because
the profits are divided among multiple companies that have invested in the
production. This method has been used since the early days of animation production.
The advantage is that the burden of fundraising is split out, however, in the production
committee method, multiple groups invest in the project, so the profit per company issmall even if the project is a success. Since the profits are split up among multiple
groups, depending on the size of the budget, it may not be possible to expect a
positive balance unless the hit is explosive. Animation production companies don't
own copyrights, and in order to own copyrights, they must create their own original
works and make a hit, or join a production committee and increase their investment
ratio. If a company is unable to do so, it can only receive the animation budget as partof its "advertising and publicity expenses," which means that no matter how big thehit is, it will not lead to income, and as a result, the company will not make any profit.
However, there is now a growing number of animation companies that are contractingwith companies that distribute their original animations over the Internet, as is thecase with foreign animations. (Ref.2) This has enabled them to produce animation
with a larger budget and greater creative freedom than in the past.
d) Roles in animation production
The first job of a rookie animator is to be in charge of the motion picture man,
who draws the motion pictures for the animation. 24 pictures are needed to make a
one-second animation, so a 25-minute animation requires about 36,000 pictures,
which means that it is necessary to draw them in a short period of time to meet thedeadline. In addition to this, there are four other responsibilities: "original pictureman," who roughly creates the direction and layout, "coloring," who colors andinspects the pictures drawn by the animators, and "shooting," who combines thecompleted cut materials to create the animation. When they become veterananimators, they are assigned to the director or general manager of each section.
e) Animator Support Organization

The Animator Support Organization is engaged in the production of
crowd-funded animation, the establishment and operation of a rookie animator
dormitory, animation workshops, and the holding of the Rookie Animator Grand
Prize. So far, 24 animators have been supported by the dormitory over the past sevenyears, and there are currently 11 animators in the dormitory. According to the website,
the dormitory has been expanded and is currently operating with the goal of creating a
new animation production system that will return profits to animators. The
crowdfunding campaign run by the Animator Support Organization is updated
regularly. People can donate as little as 3,000 yen and receive original animation
drawings and illustration books as reward, so if they can spread the word to animationfans, they can increase the size of the dormitory and the scale of support they provide.
The current crowdfunding is shown in the document below. (Ref. 3) In addition, theprevious project raised funds not only from Japan but also from overseas and was able
to collect sufficient production costs, so the unit price of original drawings can be
paid around 10,000 to 20,000 yen. This allowed us to pay the animators a unit price of
10,000 to 20,000 yen per original drawing, which is about 2 to 4 times the generalunit price of original drawings.

(Ref. 1) From the "Animation Producers Facts and Figures Report 2019".”Average annual salary by age
group,”

(Ref. 2)From BUSINESS INSIDER ”Revenue from
Net-distributed animation”(Ref. 3)From CAMPFIRE

3 Conclusion
After learning about foreign animation production and salary structures, I realized thatanimation overseas and in Japan is not from the same standpoint, and it would be difficult toincorporate a similar system under different economic conditions. However, as mentioned
above, the company has succeeded in incorporating a mechanism in that online distribution is
becoming the mainstream. This is only a prediction, but in contrast to television, wherechildren and minors can easily watch for free, I believe that the demographic of people who
can watch online distribution will change somewhat. It will be interesting to see how this willchange the animation industry in the future.
I also think that it is important to communicate the information about the low wagesof animators both domestically and internationally. Japanese animation is very popular
overseas, but most of its fans are unaware of the low wages for animators and, on thecontrary, many of them think that the wages are high. Therefore, if people around the world
are made aware of this problem, more people will be willing to support Japanese animation
production. We, the general public, can support rookie animators by spreading the word aboutthe "Animator Support Organization" and participating in crowdfunding campaigns (you candonate as little as 3,000 yen, and in return you will receive original animation drawings and acollection of original illustrations). Support can be given at any time, as the organization isstill active on an ongoing basis.
Looking ahead, I would like to actually talk to someone from the Animator Support
Organization or an animator to learn more specialized information and the current state of theanimation industry so that I can make more concrete proposals.
4 References"NPO Animator Support Organization."〈https://animator.main.jp/〉（2021/10/11）"Animation Producers Fact Report in 2019."〈http://www.janica.jp/survey/survey2019Report.pdf〉（11/05）''Case Report: Challenges for Animators' Working Lives.''〈https://www.jil.go.jp/event/ro_forum/20201215/houkoku/05_jirei3.html〉（2021/11/05）"'Art and Labor. Labor in the Animation Industry."〈https://www.jil.go.jp/institute/zassi/backnumber/2006/04/pdf/049-051.pdf〉（2021/7/24）

5 Bibliography”Animation Industry Report 2020 Summary (Japanese version)”〈https://aja.gr.jp/download/anime-industry-report-2020-summary_jp-2〉（2021/7/24）"Overwork, Low Wages, and Occupational Norms of Animators: On the Logic of Work
Brought about by 'Craftsman' Norms and 'Creator' Norms."〈https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjals/17/0/17_1/_pdf〉（2021/8/10）「Animator Average Salary in United States 2021」
http://www.salaryexplorer.com/salary-survey.php?loc=229&loctype=1&job=41&jobtype=3#disabled〉（2021/11/05）

Life-saving clothes~Making refugees happy with color psychology~
5224 Runa Takahashi
Abstract
Today, the number of refugees in the refugee camp is increasing drastically, and lack ofclothes in the refugee camp is regarded as a problem. Clothes are essential for people to guard our
body from various dangers such as coldness. Many companies and organizations do some projects
in order to supply the shortage of clothes, but it’s a problem that the projects aren’t known by many
people and people can’t take part in the projects easily.
Also, I think that the power of clothes can make the refugees happy, and supply a shortageof clothes in the refugee camp. First, I suggest doing UNIQLO’s project in the regions instead of
doing it in the school so that many people can join the project. Second, I suggest collecting clothes
whose effect is good or whose color is bright in order to make the refugees happy by using color
psychology.

1 Introduction
In 2022, the number of refugees and internally displaced persons in the world became morethan one hundred million for the first time. (Ref.1) It means more than 1 percent of the world
population is kicked out of their house because of dispute or persecution and live as refugees orinternally displaced persons. They stay at refugee camps, but there are many problems and I paid
attention to the problem of lack of clothes. In refugee camps, clothing is in such short supply that noone can wear a T-shirt and socks even when it is cold. This is why UNIQLO's "Delivering thePower of Clothes" project caught our attention. This is a revolutionary project that saves refugees
and reduces the number of disposable clothes, but there are some problems with this project. One ofthe objectives of this research is to find solutions to these problems. The project also aims to
support the lives of refugees by providing them with clothing to protect their lives from the cold andother factors, and to use color psychology to make them feel happy. We believe that because there isa lack of clothing in refugee camps and refugees wear the clothes they are given, clothes that are
already dirty, cut, and cannot be called decent clothes, they are unable to feel the joy of choosing
something that we can take for granted. We wanted to make the refugees feel happy through color
psychological effects, and although this is far from achievable, we wanted to make their wishes

come true and for them to feel the joy of choosing clothes.
Ultimately, the goal is to achieve mental and physical health for refugees through clothing,which is related to SDG #3, "health and well-being for all." We also believe that by providing andreusing clothes that can no longer be worn instead of throwing them away, we can help reduce theamount of clothing waste. This is also related to SDG #12, "Responsibility to Create
Responsibility to Manufacture," which aims to ensure sustainable production and consumption
patterns.
As for prior research, UNIQLO as well as various other organizations have been collecting
clothes and sending them to refugee camps. However, we considered that there is an issue that it isdifficult for individuals to participate in this activity because it costs money to send clothes and thecollection is done on a school-by-school basis. In addition, as far as we could find, there were no
previous studies that related color psychology to refugees, but there were some studies on thepsychology of clothing, which is the psychological impact of clothing.
The method of the research was to consider how to encourage more people to participate in
the project that UNIQLO is already implementing, and at the same time, to investigate the effects ofdress psychology and color psychology on humans, and to clearly consider what kind of clothing
and what colors are effective in making refugees feel happy. We will make a concrete plan to workon this in cooperation with companies and other organizations in the future. In order to do so, it isnecessary to obtain opinions from experts in color psychology and to verify whether color
psychology is really effective.

2 Discussion and implications
Delivering necessary clothing to refugees would be unrealistic and expensive by ourselves,
which would reduce the number of people who would be willing to help. Therefore, we focused on
UNIQLO's "Delivering the Power of Clothes" project as a previous study. To date, a total of
230,000 children from 2,204 schools have participated in the project, and approximately 3.39
million pieces of children's clothing have been collected.

The project delivers unwanted clothes to refugees through the following process.
(1) Learn about the power of clothes.
(UNIQLO and GU employees serve as instructors for the classes.)→Provide children with an opportunity to learn about the SDGs, the significance of recycling, thepower of clothes, and how to use the collected clothes, and to realize that there are social
contributions that they can make.
(2) Call for cooperation within the school and in the community.
(Assign roles, create posters and collection boxes, etc.)→Call for cooperation in the school through announcements and school assemblies, and visit
nearby elementary schools and kindergartens to explain the project with handmade picture-story
shows, etc. The children's free thinking and energy are put to good use.
(3) Clothes are collected and shipped to the warehouse.
(4) A report on the donation of the clothes is received.
(Photo report of the donation to the refugee camp)

3 Conclusion
In order to provide clothing that protects refugees from the cold through the project and to
regulate the mental and physical state of the refugees through the relationship between clothingcolor and psychological processes, it is first necessary to collect enough clothing for all refugees in
the refugee camps to have clean and warm clothing, with emphasis on bright, non-negative colors,
such as orange and pink. Also, the collected clothing should be distributed evenly. However, it isdifficult to collect color-specific clothing when there is not enough clothing available. Of course,
the priority is to ensure that everyone living in the refugee camps receives clothing, so we would
like to collect clothing in all colors, not just orange and pink. It will be necessary to appeal for thecollection of pink and orange clothing and to distinguish between pink and orange clothing andother clothing when distributing the clothing, and to distribute each to all households equally. To
distribute them evenly would require collecting the same number of pink and orange clothes as thenumber of households in the refugee camp, which is not very feasible at this stage. In addition, inorder to reduce the amount of discarded clothes (Ref.2), which is currently considered a problem inJapan, by collecting clothes, more schools must participate and more clothes must be collected. In
addition, not only schools, but also companies and local communities need to participate and collecteven more adult clothing. Therefore, more concrete solutions to these problems need to beconsidered in the future.

Ref.1

Ref.2

4 References
・Ministry of the Environment Sustainable Fasion
https://www.env.go.jp/policy/sustainable_fashion/ 2021.12.10
・UNHCR Japan https://www.unhcr.org/jp/13908-news-uniqlo-jordan130327.html 2022.5.18
・UNIQLO https://www.uniqlo.com/jp/ja/contents/sustainability/school/index.html 2022.6.29
・Dress Psychology https://www.clothing-psych.or.jp/ 2022.6.29
・Color Therapy Life https://www.i-iro.com/psychology 2022.6.29
・Japan Association of Color Psychology
http://www.nihon-shikisai-shinrigaku.com/about_colorpsychology.html 2022.12.14
・UN UNHCR https://www.japanforunhcr.org/refugee-facts/what-is-a-refugee 2022.12.10
・UNHCR Japan https://www.unhcr.org/jp/camp 2022.12.10

Activation of Domestic Agriculture and Rural Mountainous Areas~Tourism In COVID-19 Pandemic Involving Farmhouse Inn Rented Its Whole Building~5225 Yui Nishizawa
Abstract
This paper proposes a solution to some domestic issues in rural regions. I would liketo offer a new tourism plan for staying in farmhouse inns in rural areas, with its advantages in
the current pandemic. Nowadays, the shortage of farmers, aging society, and depopulation ofrural areas are becoming more severe problems in Japan. To solve those domestic problems, I
suggest tourism in Japanese rural or mountainous regions, including staying in farmhouseinns is effective. COVID-19 has made limits on the travel industry a lot. Even though thesituation is getting stabilized, people still request enough hygiene management in every
facility. However, provided the current recovering needs of domestic tourism, farmhouse stay
has many advantages to activate the countryside, particularly in the situation of thispandemic.
1 Introduction
These days, shortages and aging of domestic agriculture are serious problems. the2020 Census of Agriculture and Forestry (2022) and Dynamic Statistics of Agricultural
Construction (2022) published by the Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries showthat situation. It says that the number of core persons mainly engaged in farming was about
2.4 million in 2000. And it decreased gradually to about 1.76 million people in 2015. At last,
it became about 1.22million in 2022. Also, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, andFisheries (MAFF) said that although core agricultural workers slightly increased within these
5 years in the age range of 20 to 49 and 60 to 69 years old people, the entire number offarmers greatly decreased because a great number of over 70-year-old people retire their job(The Annual Report on Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas in Japan, 2022). Therefore, thisslight increase cannot be enough to improve the situation. I thought we should secure
agricultural workers including young people and keep them from quitting farming. Thus, I
suggest that we activate rural mountainous areas where many farmers are working to deal

with this issue and came up with a concrete idea and its advantages considering the current
pandemic.
2 Discussion and Implications
I made a hypothesis that rural tourism including Farmhouse stays is practical,
especially during the COVID-19 pandemic for the activation of its areas and agriculture. This
type of sightseeing can capture attractions from young people, and provide them with
opportunities to experience lives as farmers. The fascination of being in the region can also
be spread. I set the theme and looked for evidence on the Internet. I would like to show some
information that proves my hypothesis.
Firstly, these days, people are still demanding a high level of clean hygiene foraccommodation facilities (Jaran Research Center,2022). “Employees there are wearing masks
and sanitizing their hands and whole stuff” was desired most:37.4%. From this perspective,
the farmhouse inn renting its whole building for 1 party per day can fill one of the inevitable
criteria to be chosen by tourism for their safe sightseeing. Moreover, the same survey showsthat people who are going to travel or planning to do it occupy 32.4%, and this ratio has been
increasing since January 2022. When we add people who are willing to go travel but still
waiting and seeing the situation or trends to the former 32.4% of people, those who are eager
to travel occupy 65.5%. This has been over 60% since March 2022. Plus, the ratio of people
who answered “I am going to travel” although they hardly went on a trip increased.
Therefore, the domestic tourist industry is getting active and will keep thriving. With thiscircumstance, my solution will be able to stimulate rural areas effectively through tourism.
In addition to this, moving to the countryside is drawing attention among residents inTokyo. According to the “Survey About Changes of General Public’s Views and Behavior
Under COVID-19 Pandemic” (Cabinet Office, 2022), the ratio of 20’s residents of Tokyo
who are curious and desire to move to the countryside was 32.1% in December 2019.
However, it became 45.2% in June 2022. When we focus on only 23 wards, it was 50.9% at
the same time. The most common reason was “I was fascinated by its low population density
and rich natural environment”. People who answered that increased from 28.8% to 34.5%. In
this way, the growing interest in the countryside of young people can be observed.
Since they are rented to one party per day, those residents can avoid contact withothers and hosts can have much time to sanitize some staff.

Therefore, I suppose that those provided data were sufficient to say that domestic rural
tourism with farmhouse inns is effective for the activation of agriculture and rural
mountainous areas.
3 Conclusion
Some surveys and statistics showed an increasing willingness of traveling and moving
to the countryside, but there are a lot of criteria for accommodation facilities to be used safely
during this COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, rural tourism including farmhouse inns renting theirwhole buildings to one party per day can stimulate depopulated rural areas where farmers
mainly work there and will capture the attraction from young people. Finally, those curious
will lead to the activation of domestic depopulated areas and agriculture in a long term. I still
have some questions such as the budget or how to differentiate it with specific advantages
from other sightseeing as a next theme.
4 References
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Summary of the Annual Report on Food,
Agriculture and Rural Areas in Japan, 2022
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/wpaper/w_maff/r3/pdf/r3_gaiyou_all.pdf（8/17/2022）
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,2020 Census of Agriculture and Forestry,2020
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/tokei/census/afc/2020/030628.html（8/17/2022）
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, FY2021 The Annual Report on Food,
Agriculture and Rural Areas in Japan, 2022
zentaiban.pdf (maff.go.jp)（8/17/2022）
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Dynamic Statistics of Agricultural
Construction,2022
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/tokei/kouhyou/noukou/#r（8/22/2022）
Jaran Research Center, Survey of Domestic Tourism’s needs,2022
https://jrc.jalan.net/surveys/corona_investigation/（8/22/2022）
Cabinet Office, Survey About Changes of General Public’s Views and Behavior Under
COVID-19 Pandemic, 2022
https://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai2/wellbeing/covid/index.html（8/22/2022）
5 Bibliography

Policy Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Effects andChanges of General Public’s Views and Lives by COVID-19, 2022
https://www.mlit.go.jp/toshi/tosiko/content/001488497.pdf（8/22/2022）
Policy Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Summaryof The White Paper of the Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in Japan, 2021
001442571.pdf (mlit.go.jp) （9/25/2022）
Gunma Prefecture Agricultural and Rural Development Plan, Basic measures, 2022
https://www.pref.gunma.jp/contents/100196152.pdf（8/22/2022）
Summary of the Annual Report on Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas in Japan, English Version
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/wpaper/w_maff/r3/attach/pdf/index-4.pdf （9/25/2022）

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, FY2021 Summary of the Annual Report on
Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas in Japan Japanese Version, 2022
r3_gaiyou_all.pdf (maff.go.jp)（9/25/2022）

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, FY2021 Summary of the Annual Report on
Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas in Japan English Version, 2022
index-4.pdf (maff.go.jp)（9/25/2022）

happiness for people
Kakyo bring happiness more and more
5226 Yudai Hirai

Abstract
Adolescence, a time when many children who have just gained some knowledge are faced withlife-altering choices that make them think about what life is all about. This is true for me without
exception, and it is one of the ongoing concerns that I am forced to think about. After three years of
FEWC activities, I have come to the conclusion that in order for the people to feel happy, thegovernment must first win the support and trust of the people. This year has been a year of thinking
about how to solve this problem, and so far we have come up with two ideas: increasing exposure topolitics in school education, and implementing the National Examination for Japanese Language andLiterature (KAKYO) and the National Examination for Japanese Language and Literature (DENSHI).
The first one is literal, and the problem is that we don't know what the second proposal means. This isa system of recruiting officials that has been in place for a long time in China, and it has attracted
people who are able to swear loyalty to the nation and have no ulterior motives, which is convenient
for my research. The problem with this, however, was that the curriculum was not about politics, but
about memorization and the ability to hone one's literary sense to write well, so I decided to adopt thebar exam as the modern curriculum. The problem that comes up here is that some people take it forthe money. However, I believe that if you have some practical skills, even if you have an ulterior
motive, you can still run a good political system.
Introduction
After three years of FEWC activities, I have come to the conclusion that in order for the people to feel
happy, the government must first win the support and trust of the people. The two proposals that haveemerged so far are to increase exposure to politics in school education and to implement the National
Examination and the National Examination for Japanese Language Proficiency Tests.
The first one is literal, and the problem is that we don't know what the second proposal means. This isa system of recruiting officials that has been in place for a long time in China, and it has attracted
people who are able to swear loyalty to the nation and have no ulterior motives, which is convenient
for my research. The problem with this, however, was that the curriculum was not about politics, but
about memorization and the ability to hone one's literary sense to write well, so I decided to adopt thebar exam as the modern curriculum. The problem that comes up here is that some people take it forthe money. However, I believe that if a person has some practical ability, even if he or she has anulterior motive, the politics will turn out well. However, another problem is that if the existence ofulterior motives is revealed, even if politics is successful, it will not lead to winning the support andtrust of the people, which was the original goal of the government.
References
https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/458028

Solution For Sexual Minorities~Try To Make Solution Without Law~
5227 Mizuno Rukiya
Abstract
When I researched sexual minorities, I found that they are a problem all over theworld, and in many of these areas, discrimination is practiced or criminalized. This is not aneasy world to live in. Through this research, I wanted to make the world a better place to liveby eliminating discrimination and other forms of discrimination through voluntary action,rather than through forced action by law.
I researched the legal systems for sexual minorities in the world, and based on theusage I learned from the research, I searched for various success stories and experiences ofcountries that have successfully established laws. In the process of doing so, I wondered
whether legislation is what is necessary to eliminate discrimination. I wondered if there wasany other way to achieve better places through people's motivated actions, and researched thecreation of an equal space for companies. As a result, I found out that many countries andcompanies evaluate the equality space of companies, quantify and rank the results, andinclude content related to sexual minorities in human resource development.
Thus, I came to three conclusions: evaluate companies on their equality space,evaluate them on the content of their human resource development work, and improve theirjob search websites.
Introduction
I often feel that my sense of what everyone says is cool or cute is extremely off. And I
believe that this may also affect my romantic interests. This realization has made me
interested in sexuality.I chose this research topic because I knew that there are many LGBT
people from minority backgrounds in many parts of the world, and that there are about 77
countries in the world where homosexuality is currently considered a crime. Other countries
do not protect homosexuality, or only provide limited protection for it. This causes a lot ofbullying and discrimination, and the global economic loss is estimated to be over 3 trillion
yen. We believe that this is something that should not happen to the world or to individuals.
In view of this reality, the purpose of this research is to eliminate prejudice against
LGBT people from the other aspect of law.

Research Methods
In order to learn about the current situation of sexual minorities in the world, the legal
systems related to sexual minorities were investigated. From there, we will study countries
that have succeeded in protecting sexual minorities. As a result, we decided to change
direction from the question of whether legalization is the best way to eliminate discriminationand to try to eliminate discrimination through education. We looked into recurrent and earlychildhood education methods, but we thought that it would be difficult to have an impact on
developing countries and that it would not be effective unless the entire company was
involved in the effort. We researched on the Internet to find out about protection for sexual
minorities that companies are working on, events they are participating in, etc., and usedbooks to study how companies are doing it.
Research Results and Discussion
As for the current state of sexuality legislation in the world, there are 74 countries thattreat homosexuality as a crime, and 55 countries that do not protect it, accounting for morethan half of the world's sexuality legislation. Furthermore, only 11 countries haveconstitutions or other forms of protection, indicating the need for reform in LGBT awarenessin most parts of the world. A survey of 39 countries by the United Nations Information
Center found that the persecution of sexual minorities has caused approximately $3,500 indamages.
The UN and many other countries are working to improve their laws in order toovercome this situation.
However, it is very difficult to make a law to save such people from the actual
company entrance examinations, and it is not easy to check whether the law is working or
not. We also considered changing attitudes toward discrimination against sexual minorities
through recurrent education and education from early childhood, but this approach wasdifficult to influence in developing countries, and the aim of education for young children
and the aim of education for sexual minorities in young children were different, making it
difficult. Therefore, we decided to focus on corporations and try to eliminate discrimination
through the elimination of discrimination in corporations.

Discussion and implications

The research questions for this study were: What methods can be used to promote theelimination of discrimination through motivated action, and in what situations, and with what
people, would these methods be more effective?
The first is to evaluate corporations. An American human rights NGO has a Corporate
Equality Index. To briefly explain how it works, a questionnaire on corporate equality is sent
to large corporations, and the responses are rated on a scale of 1 to 100, with no response
required. Even if no response is received, the company is evaluated on the basis of publicly
available information. There are many other initiatives like this, with various companies
using different evaluation criteria. I focused on this initiative because I think it is a goodinitiative that can promote people's willingness to create equal space, i.e., eliminate
discrimination. The good thing about these initiatives is that they can be quantified and easily
understood, but even if each company uses its own evaluation criteria, they cannot becompared from a global perspective. Therefore, I came to the conclusion to create a new
evaluation standard and a new organization to evaluate it, based on this initiative. There are
two main reasons for making the criteria common worldwide. First, it will allow us tocompare and evaluate without borders. It is believed that a new environment called "Society
5" will be introduced in the future. Society 5 means that the world will be able to operate
without any barriers such as national borders. This means that the problem of sexual
minorities is no longer an issue for one's own country alone, but must be solved incooperation with the rest of the world, and data that can be compared regardless of national
borders will be necessary. I also thought that the evaluation standards and evaluations left tocompanies in the region may differ greatly from those in developed LGBT countries due todifferences in the way of thinking.
Next, I thought that the Recurrent Education and Human Resource Development
Project should be utilized and evaluated. Recurrent education is a program in which working
adults can relearn and relearn again, and while it is not very popular in Japan, it is becoming
the norm in other countries. According to the LGBT Research Institute, while many people
agree that it is desirable to promote proper understanding of LGBT people, 58.9% of LGBT
people expressed the need for proper understanding so as to avoid discriminatory words andactions. These findings indicate that the difficulty in creating equal space is not only due topeople's awareness, but also to a lack of knowledge. Therefore, we thought that byintroducing the program into human resource development programs, which are the mostaccessible to companies, it would be easier to create equal space.

We also thought that in order for LGBT content to be actively introduced, it would
need to be evaluated. In the same way as the corporate equality evaluation index, we thoughtthat by evaluating the content of training and lectures, we could create a competitive edge andencourage the active introduction of LGBT content.
The final proposal was to improve the job search website. The reason why we areusing a job search site is because of the way people will be working in the future. It isbelieved that in the future society will demand flexible work styles, and people will be able tochange jobs and advance their careers accordingly, which is known as "Society 5. This iscalled "Society 5." Therefore, companies will put more effort into mid-career hiring, and job
search sites will become more important as a result. What I would like to propose is toimprove the evaluation items on job search websites. Currently, job sites mainly list
employment status, salary, working hours, and benefits. While these items are very importantfor people changing jobs, we believe that it is also necessary to include items such as theatmosphere of the company and other factors that make it easy to work there. This is why wehave come up with the idea of introducing a Corporate Equality Index. This would not only
be beneficial to sexual minority job changers, but also to companies, as the introduction ofthese evaluation items would encourage them to become interested in the Corporate Equality
Index and apply for jobs, which would have the effect of actively working to create an equal
space.
Conclusion
The problem of sexual minorities is no longer an issue for one's own country alone,
but must be solved in cooperation with the rest of the world, and data that can be comparedwithout regard to national borders is needed. Therefore, we thought that internationallystandardized criteria were necessary. We also need to utilize the human resource development
industry to meet these standards, or to restructure programs.
Finally, as companies focus more on mid-career hiring in the future, job search
websites will also become more important, so it is essential to improve the evaluation items
on job search websites.We believe that it will be necessary to include items such as company
atmosphere and other factors that make it easy to work at a company. We have therefore
come up with the idea of introducing a corporate equality evaluation index. This would not
only be beneficial to sexual minority job seekers, but would also create an opportunity forcompanies to become interested in the Corporate Equality Index and apply for jobs, which inturn would have the effect of actively working to create an equal space.

reference
influence of reading
http://www.p.u-tokyo.ac.jp/lab/ichikawa/johoka/2008/Group3/yomikikase_eikyou5.html
globalInternet Penetration Rate
https://www.globalnote.jp/post-1437.html
Sexual orientation and sexual identity
https://www.moj.go.jp/JINKEN/LGBT/index.html
Economic Impact of Recurrent Education
https://www.jil.go.jp/institute/zassi/backnumber/2020/08/pdf/051-062.pdf
What is Recurrent Education? Background of the focus on relearning and what companies are
expected to dohttps://www.persol-group.co.jp/service/business/article/279/#:~:text=
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Necessity of Recurrent Education
https://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/ja/h30/html/nd145320.html
Bullying and Exclusion of LGBT Students in Japanese Schools
https://www.hrw.org/ja/report/2016/05/06/288906
Asahi news
https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASK3R6583K3RUTIL05F.html
Unicef economic loss
https://nijibridge.jp/data/1031/
Why is recurrent education not widespread in Japan?
http://cdgakkai.ws.hosei.ac.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/gb202003.pdf
The Reality of Free Primary Education in Malawi
https://ir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/files/public/3/34362/2014101620190532704/JICE_12-2_203.p
df
Corporate Equality Index U.S.
https://sustainablejapan.jp/tag/%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89%
E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0
Understanding LGBT
Author Takahiko Morinaga (LHBT Research Institute)Publication Nihon Keizai Shimbun Inc.
Human Resource Development Project
https://www.humanassociates.com/model/training.html

Cabinet Office Society 5.0
https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/society5_0/

The poverty saved by job creation and improved nutrition~Disseminate the International Carrot Project~5228 Manami Miyata
Abstract
In Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, there are many children under five years oldand people who die of poverty due to child marriage and malnutrition. In order to solve thisproblem, which has not yet been solved despite many international efforts, I propose to
introduce “the International Carrot Project” in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In thisproject, carrots will be sold to places where children under five years old gather, and couples
will be paired up in these areas, with the men growing and harvesting the carrots and thewomen processing and selling them.
1 Introduction
According to the International Poverty Line, the common definition of poverty in theworld is $1.90 a day since 2015. This is 216.67 yen in Japanese yen. More than 800 million
people in the world live in extreme poverty on such an amount of money everyday. In
September 2009, the United Nations Millennium Declaration (MDGs) was adopted at theUnited Nations Millennium Summit, setting eight major goals that the world would like toachieve by 2015. However, although some extent of achievements including poverty weremade in multiple areas, issues remained, such as the under-five mortality rate, theemployment rate, and the disparity between women and men in political participation. There
are still more than 6 million under-five deaths, with more than 14,000 children dying everyday.
From the above, I thought the problem is that we have not been able to eradicate theglobal problem of poverty yet, even though we have set goals worldwide and made efforts ineach country. In addition, in recent years gender equality and women's social advancement
have been advocated. However, women's social advancement is declining in the region of
sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, which is the subject of this research, and there is agender disparity. In terms of women's social advancement, I think the disparity between theseregions and the rest of the world, especially in developed countries, is also a big problem.
Moreover, I think the biggest challenge in these regions is the vicious cycle. Suffering frompoverty, child marriage and early pregnancy will increase in order to increase the number ofworkers right now. These young parents enter the workforce without adequate education,

making it difficult for them to secure a stable job and income. Children born into suchfamilies also become parents without adequate education due to poverty. I acknowledge thisdisparity between specific regions and the world, which some big organizations such as theUnited Nations could not solve.
2 Discussion and implication
First, we looked at the poverty situation in the world and decided the target areas forthis study. According to the United Nations Development Programme, more than 80% of theworld's people living in extreme poverty live in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
Currently, about 390 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa and about 256 million people inSouth Asia are said to be suffering from poverty. In addition, these two regions have major
challenges not only in poverty, but also in under-five mortality. According to the Japan
Committee for UNICEF, "When looking at the annual number of under-five deaths (2015) byregion, sub-Saharan Africa had the highest number of 3 million, followed by South Asia with
1.8 million." Based on these facts, I thought that by recommending activities to promotepoverty eradication in these regions, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, we would be able toget closer to the goal of eradicating poverty throughout the world.
The next step was to examine the common points between the two target regions interms of causes of poverty and notable non-poverty challenges compared to other countries
and regions.The main causes of poverty in both regions were lack of education and foodproblems (malnutrition and stunting). In South Asia, the causes include education,
malnutrition and stunting, low literacy rates, abuse, and human trafficking. In Sub-SaharanAfrica, the causes include education, medical infrastructure, corruption, civil war, and foodproblems.
Next, I found that there are challenges of child marriage in these regions. Childmarriage refers to marriage at the age of under 18. While child marriage has been declining in
the world in recent years due to increased school enrollment of girls and awareness of theillegality of child marriage and its harmful effects, it is on the rise in Africa, widening the gap
in the world. Currently, world's girls married under the age of 18, 285 million, or 44% of theworld total, are South Asian girls, and 150 million, or 18% of the world total, are
Sub-Saharan African girls.
And there is also a marked decline in the employment rate of women, further
widening the gender gap.

Furthermore, child poverty rates are also high. According to the United Nations, in
2018, the under-five mortality rate was 78 in Sub-Saharan Africa and 48 in South Asia,
compared to 4 per 1,000 in Europe and Central Asia and 15 in East Asia and Pacificcountries, which is higher than the global level. An examination of the causes of death amongchildren in regions with high under-five mortality rates reveals that more than half of thechildren who die in Africa are related to malnutrition. With the number of deaths rising to 3
million, we realized that improving child malnutrition would certainly reduce the under-five
mortality rate. First, to prevent malnutrition, breastfeeding and complementary foods arenecessary. In addition, micronutrients and vitamin A should be administered. Zinc and iron
are also important, according to the JCU. From the World Children's White Paper 2019, a
comparison of complete vitamin A supplementation rates by region of the world shows thatthe "East Asia and Pacific countries" have a 74% supplementation rate, while South Asiawith its high poverty rate has a 66% rate and Sub-Saharan Africa has a low rate of 55%. We
hypothesized that the vitamin A intake rate may have some relationships to poverty andunder-five mortality.

To test this hypothesis, I examined the relationship between vitamin A intake andpoverty, and found that vitamin A supplementation programs around the world have beenshown to reduce child mortality from infectious diseases in several countries, according to the
JICA Research Institute. In other words, increased vitamin A supplementation rates lead to
reduce child mortality. Based on this, we aim to improve child malnutrition and reduce theunder-five mortality rate by promoting vitamin A supplementation rates.

In addition to vitamin A, there are other nutrients necessary for improving malnutrition.
-about IronIron deficiency causes anemia, which in small children can seriously affect their
growth and intellectual development. It is also a problem for the learning ability ofschool-aged children, as they lose their appetite and become tired easily. Unlike vitamin A,
iron is a nutrient that needs to be taken a little bit every day, but it is difficult to give thempills every day, and there is no simple, cheap and effective solution.
From Ms. Kyoko Okamura, Japan Committee for UNICEF
According to the JICA Research Institute, to prevent iron deficiency, it is effective toimprove dietary habits, namely breastfeeding nutrition, and teaching children to consumeiron-rich foods such as liver, meat, egg yolks, green vegetables, cereals, legumes, and nuts.
Other iron-fortified or iron-added foods may also be used. Standard iron supplementation is
1-2 mg/kg/day for children and 60 mg/day for adults.
If possible, under-fives should also receive other nutrients besides vitamin A, such asiron and zinc.
The study also examined the activities currently being undertaken by governments topromote poverty eradication in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. First, the MDGs are
specific achievement goals that were once set by the international community. According to
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, in September 2000, the United Nations set eight
major goals to be achieved worldwide by 2015. They were designated the "Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs)," and the major goals were set in place for 15 years. Naturally,detailed numerical targets were set for each of several areas, including poverty, but in reality,
not all of them were achieved, and challenges remained (although improvements were seen),
and the MDGs became the SDGs, requiring governments to act toward a more sustainable
world. In particular, according to the United Nations Public Information Center, the reductionof child and maternal mortality rates for children under 5 years of age is far short of the target
level, and a large gap still remains between the status of women and men in terms of
employment rates and political participation.
As for concrete measures taken by developed countries to address poverty indeveloping countries, they mainly provide financial and material assistance. According to the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, Japan has hosted the Tokyo International Conference on
African Development (TICAD), an international conference on African development led by
Japan, every five years since 1993 under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations andother organizations, as a cornerstone of Japan's support for Africa. The basic principles of
TICAD are African self-help efforts (ownership) and support from the international
community (partnership), Asia-Africa cooperation, human security, and respect for African
diversity.
In addition, for South Asia, the main fundraising activities include distribution offood, support for raising livestock for protein sources such as milk and eggs, vegetable
cultivation in family gardens and cooking instruction, training in child nutrition and healthcare (food aid), installation and use of latrines, awareness of hygiene practices such as handwashing, water well quality surveys and distribution of water purification filters, andpromotion of health check-ups for pregnant and nursing mothers (sanitation aid),(hygiene
support), etc., funded mainly through fundraising.
Based on these facts, we thought that the reason why there are still people sufferingfrom poverty in the world despite the fact that many funds and goods are currently provided
to developing countries is that the activities and efforts we investigated are basically only
temporary support. Even if food supplies are provided, they will eventually run out again, andeven if they are surveyed and maintained once, they will become decrepit and depleted again
after years of recognizing the current issues and providing only a kind of first aid. Donations
and government aid are also finite aid, not infinite, depending on how it is used. We felt that
one-way, temporary assistance from developed countries to developing countries may not beeffective when viewed as a long-term outcome. In order to solve this problem, activities thatare sustainable, that is, activities in which people suffering from poverty take the initiative increating things, are necessary. However, as it stands, those people are inadequate in terms ofresources and technology.
Therefore, in this study, rather than simply providing financial and material support,
we propose activities that can be carried out by local people on their own initiative while still
being supported by the government, so that the effects obtained when implemented over a
period of several decades will be significant.
3 Conclusion
In conclusion, we propose to introduce “the Carrot International Project” in
Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia regions. In these regions, married couples would be
paired up, with the man growing and harvesting the carrots and the woman processing andselling the carrots. The sales will take place in places where children under five years oldgather. Currently, we are considering a children's cafeteria and a children's temple elementary
school as candidates. In the future, we would like to consider whether the climates of Africa
and South Asia are really suitable for ginseng cultivation.
4 References
World Bank Grouphttps://www.worldbank.org/ja/news/feature/2014/01/08/open-data-poverty 2021/09/ 15
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Representative Officehttps://www.jp.undp.org/content/tokyo/ja/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-1-no-poverty.html 2021/10/20
https://www.jp.undp.org/content/tokyo/ja/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-2-zero-h
unger.html 2021/10/20
https://www.jp.
undp.org/content/tokyo/ja/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-3-good-health-and-well-being.html 2021/10/20(ODA) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) | Ministry of Foreign Affairs
https ://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/doukou/mdgs.html 2021/10/22
United Nations Information Center
https://www.unic.or.jp/news_press/info/14975/WorldBank Homepage "SDGs Atlas 2017"https://datatopics.worldbank.org/sdgatlas/archive/2017/SDG-01-no-poverty.htmlWhat
does it mean to be malnourished? : Japan Committee for UNICEF
https://www.unicef.or.jp/special/eiyo/letter/letter01_02.html
Statistical Data | White Paper on World Children 2019 | Japan Committee for UNICEF
https://www.unicef.or.jp/sowc/ data.html 2021/10/22
Vitamin A deficiency
https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/IFIC_and_JBICI-Studies/jica-ri/publication/archives/jica/field/p
df/2003_05e. pdf 2021/11/25
What does it mean to be malnourished? : Japan Committee for UNICEF
https://www.unicef.or.jp/special/eiyo/letter/letter01_02.html 2021/11/19
Poverty situation data in Sub-Saharan Africa
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/poverty/asia_poverty/ 5060/
Children's cafeteria & Children's temple huthttp://kodomo.novinye.com/ 2021/12/22
World Bank website "SDGs Atlas 2017"https://datatopics.worldbank.org/sdgatlas/archive/2017/SDG-01- no-coverty.html

Towards a world where LGBT becomes “normal”
ーAiming for a world where you can live as you areー
ID5229 Name Tomoka Morita○Outline of Research
Today, not only in Japan, but also all over the world, LGBT people are being discriminatedagainst. In recent years, we often hear the word LGBT on news programs, etc. Why should
we be discriminated against? And I decided to do this research because I wanted to create aworld where people from all over the world can freely fall in love. And this research focusedon our parents' generation, which is commonly called "middle-aged and elderly".In Japan
today, there are classes on gender equality, and it is optional to enter gender in questionnaires,but it seems that there was no such thing in the past. Because men were men and women
were women, clothing, hairstyles, and other things were regulated.
Based on this, I would like to conduct research to deepen understanding of homosexuality
among middle-aged and elderly people, and at the same time, to create a world where theyounger generation can create a freer society.
1. Introduction
One of the purposes of this research is to raise awareness of the partnership system.
At present, same-sex marriage is not legally recognized in Japan, and local governments havedecided that a partnership between two people is equivalent to marriage for same-sex couples
who are registered as same-sex couples. It is a system that can be expected to have a certain
effect, such as being approved to move into public housing and being treated as family at a
hospital, by receiving approval and issuing a certificate by the local government.
The problem with this system is that it is not legally protected, so it is not possible toreceive the same treatment as married couples. Also, since same-sex marriage is being
recognized in many countries, I thought that a system should be introduced in Japan thatwould allow same-sex couples to receive the same treatment.
On December 8, 2021, Governor Koike of Tokyo announced that it plans to introduce asame-sex partnership system throughout Tokyo next year. I believe that this news will lead toa gradual change in public awareness.
The method is to use the Internet and take the current Japanese government's response tohomosexuality and incorporate it into the community. It is also important to conduct
interviews on the image of homosexuality among middle-aged and older generations, and toconsider what kind of activities are necessary for Japanese society in the future.
2. Discussion and implications
What I learned through this research is that many people in Japan still have resistance tohomosexuality, but it is thought that the reason for this is that homosexuality is not familiar tothem. It turns out there is.
What I learned from the comparison with other countries is that Japan does not prohibit
homosexuality as a country, and it is a country that is not so strict in the world. In particular,
in countries belonging to the African continent, homosexuality is not recognized, and if it isrecognized as homosexuality, there are countries where fines, imprisonment, and even thedeath penalty are imposed. Looking at this situation, I thought that Japan was positive about
LGBT after all. However, compared to areas such as the United States where same-sex
marriage is allowed, I thought that there would be resistance because the people do not feelclose to it.
When I think about why homosexuality is accepted in countries like the United States, I think
it's because the local people are originally open. Also, I found out through research that there
are many portrayals of homosexuals in western movies and dramas, so I thought that from anearly age I would not feel uncomfortable with homosexuality.
In addition, Thailand is famous as a country where the country and people have an
understanding of homosexuality, so much that it is called an “LGBTQ developed country”.
Specifically, the introduction of toilets that can be used by all genders and the introduction of
18 genders. Also, Thai BL dramas became popular all over the world during the self-restraint
period, and I think that it was an opportunity to tell the world that Thailand is an advanced
LGBTQ country.
But now, even in Japan, the number of anime, dramas, and movies that depict homosexuals isincreasing. In addition, there are many examples of them boasting aspirational popularity, andthere are many dramas that have been decided to be made into movies. Members of popular
idol groups have been appointed as actors who play homosexuals in the drama, and it seems
to be attracting the attention of young people. Through these works, I think that the image ofhomosexuality in Japan will change.
When I conducted a questionnaire about LGBT during the school year, many of the responses
were positive about their image of LGBT, but I don't know because I don't feel close to them.

There was also an opinion, and it turned out that it was a problem that I could not feelfamiliar with. In addition, more than 90% of respondents answered that same-sex marriage
should be legally recognized. In addition, when asked whether they would tell others if they
identified themselves as LGBT, the percentage of those who answered they would notdisclose was slightly higher. The reason is that I'm afraid of the eyes around me, and I'mafraid of rumors spreading. I found out that I care about the surrounding eyes. From there, I
found the problem with people around us, that is, we have to change the image of people who
fall under the category of LGBT.
3.Conclusion
What I would suggest for us to change is to feel that homosexuality exists and to keep inmind that it is an issue that the world will have to think about in the near future. I thought it
might be. However, as the name LGBT is now being recognized in Japan, the question is how
can we make people feel closer to us. In addition, since it is an issue related to the privacy ofLGBT people, it is a current issue that we must investigate carefully.

6. References
Tokyo Rainbow Pride 2020 (2020) "What is LGBT?"
https://tokyorainbowpride.com/ lgbt/
Date accessed May 10, 2020
jobRainbow (2019) “Summary of the flow of social movements around the world”
https://jobrainbow.jp/magazine/
Date accessed July 31, 2020
Akita University Process of Recognition and Transparency of LGBT in Japanese Society(2018)
https://www.akita-u.ac.jp/honbu/inter/pdf_class/report_2018_01.pdf
Saori Isoda Kanda University of International school
Qualitative Analysis on the Progress and Difficulty of LGBT Politics in Latin America:
Focus on Peru
https://journal.hass.tsukuba.ac.jp/interfaculty/article/view/167/308Minoru

Wada Effects of Meijo University
College Student Homosexuality Disclosure on the Behavior and Homosexual Attitudes ofHeterosexual Friends
https://www. jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjpsy/81/4/81_4_356/_pdf

Muse to use~The provision of a community-based music service~5230 Morita Hikaru

Abstract
In this study, we have been exploring the practical power of music since the fourthyear. As a result, we have learned from various precedents that music has two major powers:"the power of social support" and "the power of physical support. In this year's research, wehave been studying the construction of a framework that incorporates both of these powers,
and the expansion of this framework as a service that is closely connected to the community.
The result of this research is the "MHC”.
1 Introduction
Background and Objectives of the Study
The word "music" is usually translated into English as "music" in most cases. This
word was originally taken from muse, the god of the arts in Greek mythology. Since ancient
times, music has been recognized as an art form, and this understanding has remained
unchanged to the present day. Music is an art form, to be appreciated and enjoyed as a formof entertainment. And therefore, the necessity of music is rarely discussed. Here, I thoughtthat if I could find the usefulness and social significance of music, I could show people thepracticality of music. What I discovered was the "power of social support" and "power ofphysical support" in music, which were the contents of my research until last year. This year,
our research will focus on what kind of framework is needed to actually deliver this topeople.
Research and Verification Methods
Steps in Research
1.Review the system devised in the previous year, and add and examine points for
improvement and reinforcement.
2. Find out what examples of community-based services there are, along with factors that
contribute to their success.
3. Revise the method of operation of the devised system in light of the precedents you haveresearched.
Specific Methods
April-June: Improvement of the previous year's system
July: Internet-centric survey of precedents
Aug:System reworking

September-December:Writing a thesis based on them
2 Discussion and implicationsFirst, let me summarize the two powers of music that I have devised in the previous
year.
(1) "The Power of Social Support" in Music
Reference example: "El Sistema" (Venezuela)
This is a support framework for children that uses music and originated in Venezuela,
and is conducted by a non-profit organization. The main initiative is "free music classes forchildren. The program contributes to the development of children's cooperative spirit and thestabilization of public order.

Main activities and effects
・The safety of the children is ensured by having a large group of children in a facility called"Nucleo".
(Contribution to public safety)
・The free music education helps children develop the ability to achieve their goals andcooperate with others.
(Contribution to character development)
・Performance as a professional orchestra by some of the best musicians in the world.
(Contribution to society through art)
Fatigue issues

・Lack of leadership
・Lack of instruments
・Lack of penetration in the region (lack of recognition)(2) "The Power of Physical Support" in Music.
Reference example: "Music Therapy".
A type of therapeutic activity that uses music. Nowadays, it is mainly used for the elderly,
people with disabilities, and people with severe muscle-related physical disabilities. It is also
said to be effective for memory-related conditions such as dementia. Scientific research iscurrently underway.

Main activities and effects
・Music experience using simple instruments and singing(Improvement of physical function)
・Activating Experience through Music Appreciation(Slight interference with memory)
Fatigue issues
・Not many places of employment.
・low profile.
3 Conclusion
The system I came up with based on these results is the "MHC (Music Hospitality
Center)".

This is a support service through music that was conceived to combine the twostrengths of music and to complement each other's challenges, and is a framework that serves
as a bridge between the two organizations and society.
Main activities and effects
・Implementation of El Sistema(Social support)
・Music Therapy(Physical support)
・Registration and dispatch of music therapists to medical institutions(Resolving the shortage of employers)
・Recycling of musical instruments in the community(Elimination of instrument shortages and reduction in the amount of discarded instruments)
・Establishment of an open music exchange and consultation center(Community penetration, visibility and community-based support)
Innovation "Sustainable Systems”
・Hire a music therapist as an instructor (to solve the shortage of instructors).
→ Use the proceeds from El Sistema concerts to pay for the instructors (to solve
the lack of employment opportunities).
4 References
5/12
What is a music therapist?

https://www.jmta.jp/music_therapist/
5/28
El Sistema (Social support initiative for children in Colombia through music.)
https://www.elsistemajapan.org/

Immigration Problems in Europe~Save both immigrants and citizens~
5231 Chihiro Yajima

Abstract
The problem of immigration in Europe is getting worse year by year. The number of
immigrants in Europe, which continues to increase every year, has already reached anon-negligible number and has a great impact on the conventional life of the people. The
impact of the increase in the immigrant population did not stop there, but it also gained
political power. The immigration policy has a big impact on the approval rating. So thesolution I came up with is to set a time limit for immigrants' stay. I believe that long-termstays are the biggest factor in strengthening these influences, so we can expect to have theeffect of weakening the influence on European countries by making stays shorter than they
are now. In addition, by giving immigrants an appropriate education and acquiring skills
during their short-term stay, they will be able to make use of them when they return to theirown countries after their stay, and will become a fundamental factor in the emergence ofimmigration. Aim to solve
1 Introduction
I became interested in the history and culture of Europe through my world history
class. I set this theme out of the desire to solve it, and I am proceeding with the research.
Much of the research on immigration is data-gathering. It clearly shows which country theimmigrants are moving from to which country, the percentage of immigrants by country oforigin, and the percentage of the destination country. I would like to think about how to use
these to solve the problem.
This kind of research is basically based on searching on the Internet site while using
the data of previous research. Since immigration issues are focused on the real-time situation,
it is unlikely that books will be used.
2 Discussion and Implications
As you can see from the table below, European countries have a relatively highproportion of immigrants. Germany, in particular, has about 20% of immigrants in the
country, and this has greatly tilted German politics. Immigration policy tends to be the mostimportant issue in elections, and more and more immigrants have the right to vote, whichincreases the support for candidates who openly accept immigrants. If immigration increases
further as a result, this will become a vicious circle, and the German people will become
more and more narrow-minded. Therefore, I would like to propose that immigrants have aperiod of stay.

In general, visas are issued or residence permits are applied for, and stays are
permitted for a corresponding period of time. Many immigrants enter the country illegally.
Ideally, we would like to set up a system in which visas are not issued, and all foreigners areallowed to enter the country after a two-year stay. As I wrote in the overview, I think it isdangerous to allow a five-year stay, because long-term stays produce many negative effects.
But for the next two years, it will be necessary to warmly welcome immigrants.
Accepting immigrants is by no means a bad thing, but there are many good things about it,such as making up for the labor shortage if it is moderate. Therefore, rather than completely
stopping the acceptance of immigrants, I would like to minimize the negative impact on thereceiving country by setting restrictions on the length of stay.
3 Conclusion
By shortening the length of stay of immigrants, we believe that the above-mentioned
adverse effects on local residents can be reduced as much as possible. For that reason, we
need to make the procedures at the time of entry more reliable, so I would like to conduct
research on that aspect in the future.

4 References[BOOK] Cultural integration of immigrants in Europe

Y Algan, A Bisin, A Manning, T Verdier - 2012 - library.oapen.org
2022, 9,28

Net migration figures in Europe 2021, by country - Statista
https://www.statista.com › statistics › net-migration-selecte..

2022,9,29

The politics of migration and immigration in Europe
P Scholten, A Geddes - … Politics of Migration and Immigration in Europe, 2016 - torrossa.com

2022,9,18

Aquaforestry~Becoming actively suriname’s industry~
5301 AraiNoa
Abstaraction
Aqua forestry, the theme of this research, is an incredibly innovative system that I have devised
to increase the profits of both the forestry and fisheries industries by conducting fisheries andforestry at the same time. Specifically, forestry is conducted on the top of a mountain where
forestry is conducted, and aquariums for raising fish are set up along the slope in a structure
similar to a terraced rice paddy field. This structure would allow the water to be used foraquaculture when it rains, and when the fish droppings and carcasses reach the bottom of thetank, they could be piped up to the top of the mountain for use in the forestry industry.

Introduction
・Background and Objectives of the Study
The world's population as a whole is currently growing. Therefore, we believed that the primaryindustry would not be able to keep up with the current industrial form. And now there is anindustry called aquaponics, which simultaneously conducts both fisheries and agriculture.Thereis also an industry called agroforestry, which is simultaneously forestry and agriculture. These
are some of the more efficient industries that have recently been increasing. However, we foundthat there is no industry that conducts forestry and agriculture at the same time. For this reason, I
decided to createa system for such an industry.
・Status of Previous Studies
As mentioned above, my research is a new system and no previous studies exist. However,since it is difficult to create the system all by myself, I will consider the aquaponics system withsome reference.
・Research and Verification Methods
Research and understand aquaponics research and build a system. After coming up with asystem, actually build a model to confirm that the system you have created is successful.The
results of the experiment will also be used to identify problems. The results are also sent to theexperts to get better opinions.i

Discussion and implications
・Consideration
In this study, the system will be created with reference to aquaponics. The reason for referring
to aquaponics instead of agroforestry is that, unlike agriculture and forestry, the fisheries industry
requires aquariums.
This study will be conducted on a whole mountain that is actually used for forestry, because theland used for forestry is larger than that used for fisheries.Forestry is conducted on the top of
those mountains and fisheries on the sides.However, as it is, there is no flat surface large enoughto make an aquarium. Therefore, land to be cultivated can be minimized by building the watertank like a terraced rice field. In addition, the water used for forestry will be drained
downstream. At this time, by building a water tank on a slope like a terraced rice paddy, water
can be sent down the pipe without using electricity. At the same time, fish carcasses and feces
are washed away together.When the water reaches the lowest level, it is also carried to thesummit. Fish carcasses and feces are then used as fertilizer.

・SignificanceBy building this system in this study, we can conduct industry more efficiently than everbefore.If we can do that, we will have enough food and timber to withstand population growth.

Conclusion
This study will be conducted on a single mountain in order to simultaneously conduct forestry
and fisheries. The reason for conducting aqua forestry on land that is suitable for forestry rather
than fisheries is that it is less expensive than building new land for aqua forestry, and it is betterto conduct fisheries on land that is currently used for forestry because of the size of the land
required at that time. The problem here, however, is that in the mountains, there are few flat
surfaces on which to build aquariums. Here, I propose that the tanks be built like terraced ricepaddies. I also thought of a way to conduct forestry at the top of the mountain and fisheries on its
side. The advantage of this method is that the water used for forestry will flow into the tank. The
water, along with fish feces and corpses, would be channeled through pipes to a tank further
down, and when it reached the lowest tank, it would be discharged through pipes to themountaintop to create a water cycle. The feces and corpses are then used as fertilizer.

The current challenges of this research are: first, it is unclear how much it will cost to create thissystem; second, the altitude of the mountain will limit the number of fish that can be kept there;
third, building an aquarium in the mountain will increase the amount of time and effort required
to maintain and feed the fish; and fourth, there is no way to know how much it will cost to build
the system. Second, depending on the altitude of the mountain, the number of fish that can beraised may be limited. Third, building an aquarium in the mountain will require more labor for
maintenance and feeding, etc. Fourth, there is uncertainty about how much water will flow into
the aquarium each day because there is little to no watering in the forestry industry, and fifth,
there is uncertainty about how much water will flow into the aquarium in the future. Fifth, thedetails of the model that I plan to build are not yet finalized. We can achieve good results bymaking it as close to the real thing as possible.

References
アクポニ『おさかな畑』アクアポニックスの世界へようこそ
https://aquaponics.co.jp/
アグロフォレストリーミルクチョコレート | 株式会社 明治
https://www.meiji.co.jp/products/brand/agroforestry/
アグロフォレストリーとは・意味 | 世界のソーシャルグッドな ...
https://ideasforgood.jp/glossary/agroforestry/#:~:text=%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A
D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%8
3%BC%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD,%E3%80%8C%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E5%9
1%BC%E3%81%B0%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E3%80%82
Challenges of sustainable and commercial aquaponics
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/7/4/4199
Science in agroforestry
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-0681-0_1

Improving Health Care in Sub-Saharan AfricaーHealth in Sub-Saharan Africa Through the Establishment of a New Healthcare Systemー
ID 5302 Name Yui Ando
Abstract
In order to improve healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa, I propose the juxtaposition of online
medical care and transportation services. The general structure of the project is to basicallyincorporate online medical care, and if a patient needs to go to the hospital for tests, etc., thetransportation service will be utilized. We believe that the parallel use of online medical
services and transportation services will result in a more efficient and effective system.
１ Introduction
I have been interested in medical care since I was a child because my parents are
employed in the medical field or have medical qualifications. And I would like to work in the
medical field in the future. Therefore, I wanted to learn more about the current situation in
Japan and the world, and to think if there was anything I could do to help. For this reason, I
set such "medical care" as my theme and began my research. In addition, from my previous
social studies classes and information on the SDGs, I had learned that Africa has a highpoverty rate and a poorly developed medical system, and upon further investigation, I
realized that compared to other countries in the world, Africa's medical system is still
underdeveloped. Therefore, I decided to focus my research on medical care in Africa. Also,
there is a big difference in the situation between Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa, eventhough they are in the same Africa. So, the target region for this study will be "Sub-SaharanAfrica," and we will study only places where the situation is as close as possible. Therefore,
the research question for this study is: "What mechanisms are needed to provide Sub-SaharanAfrican populations with better health care and longer life expectancy?" The significance of
this study lies in the fact that it is possible to increase the average life expectancy in
Sub-Saharan Africa.
In the right Figure 2, Sub-Saharan countries have shorter life expectancy. This can be seenin Figure 1, which shows that life expectancy at birth is generally lower in Africa than inother countries. Reasons for the short life expectancy include the lack of an adequate medical
system, the high probability of children dying soon after birth, poverty, famine, conflict, andwar. Therefore, in this study, I will focus on the "medical system," which will lead to anincrease in average life expectancy.

2 Methods
As for research methods, fieldwork in Africa is considered impossible due to COVID-19
and geographical conditions. Therefore, we sent email and interviewed people living in
Africa, people who have emigrated to Africa, and proceeded with our study. In addition, theInternet and articles were the main methods used to collect information.

3 Discussion and implications
There are many problems in medicine in Sub-Suharan Africa and I will introduce 3 things.
The first problem is “bad access.” Looking at the date of Figure 3, in a few countries, suchas Nigeria and South Africa, the situation of access to hospitals is not bad. For example, in
Nigeria, South Africa, and Lake Victoria, hospitals can be reached within 2 hours. However,in most regions, the travel time to the hospital is found to be more than 2 hours. In particular,
in less densely populated areas, travel time is even longer. This indicates that access to
hospitals is poor.

Also, looking at Figure 4, it can be seen that in sub-Saharan Africa, there are fewer
hospitals in the more northerly regions and in the interior regions. Thus, there are also
regional differences in inaccessibility that need to be improved.

The second problem is "infectious diseases." "Three major infectious diseases” are HIV,tuberculosis, and malaria. These infectious diseases are a social problem on a global scale dueto the large cost burdens required to combat them. HIV is a disease that lowers the immune
system. It is a serious problem because it contributes to the spread of other infectious diseases
such as tuberculosis.HIV is often spread through "sexual transmission," "blood-borne
infection," and "mother-to-child transmission," and is a major cause of the disease's spread.
Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted by the Hamadara mosquito, which contains theparasite Plasmodium falciparum, and if not treated within 24 hours of infection, we can beserious and highly fatal. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by infection with the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is passed from person to person. When a person withtuberculosis coughs or sneezes, the tubercle bacilli become airborne and are spread by people
around the person who breathe in the germs.Figure 5 shows that these infectious diseases aremost frequently spread in Africa. In particular, about 70% of the world's HIV cases and 90%of the world's malaria cases are in Africa. This means that while other regions have adequate
infection protection programs, Africa does not have enough of them. Thus, it means that thedisease is considered to be one that can be adequately prevented. In order to stop the spreadof these infectious diseases, it is essential to improve unclean living conditions and, in theunlikely event of infection, to provide support in terms of medical care, clean water and otherforms of personal hygiene, as well as nutritious meals.
The third problem is the current "health care system." In particular, it relates to emergency
medical care. There is a difference between public and private medical ambulances. Publicambulances can be reached by calling 10-177 from a fixed-line phone or 112 from a cell
phone. Private ambulances can be reached by calling the local emergency center. Publicambulances are open to everyone free of charge, but there are not enough of them, so it is notcertain whether they can provide immediate service or not. Private ambulances are charged
and cost around 2000 to 3,000 rand, depending on the distance and medical treatment. In
Japanese yen, this would cost about 14,000 to 22,000 yen. Since the monthly income in
Africa is estimated to be about 100,000-150,000 yen, it is very expensive.
4 Conclusion
I propose the creation and utilization of a "parallel system of online medical care andtransportation services." In the following, I describe the system in detail.
Online medical care has been realized in some areas in Africa due to the impact of the
spread of the new coronavirus, and is considered feasible. In addition, Figure 6 shows that thesmartphone penetration rate in Africa is expected to reach 66% by 2025, i.e., the smartphone
penetration rate will be on the increase. Therefore, we considered that online medical care
was feasible enough.

Let me explain how the system works. There are a few things to note about online medicalcare. First, online medical care should only be provided after the second visit. This is because
the first online visit is more likely to lead to misdiagnosis and medical errors. As a basis for
this, please see the results of the questionnaire in Figure 7. This questionnaire was conducted
via the web from the day after the emergency economic stimulus package was announced on
the 7th to the 11th. The target respondents were hospitals using MDV's management support
systems, EVE and Medical Code. As a result of the survey, 15.2% of the respondents
answered that they would "implement" online medical services, while 41.2% answered "notimplement" and 43.6% answered "don't know.” In addition to environmental facilities,
another reason for not implementing online medical care is "responsibility for medical care.”
In other words, it is difficult for respondents to have confidence in the results of their own
medical treatment. Therefore, we judged that the first visit by online medical examination
might have a high possibility of misdiagnosis. Therefore, we recommend the use of online
medical care from the second medical examination onward. These matters were also
discussed by the Japanese government at the "Study Group on Review of Guidelines for
Appropriate Implementation of Online Medical Treatment" and other meetings. The
introduction of online medical care is expected to reduce the financial burden on patients,
relieve hospital congestion, and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. It will also make itpossible to see a doctor easily. However, there is also the problem of medical disparities
caused by regional disparities and differences between rich and poor. In the future, we believethat collaboration with physicians in other countries can lead to a fundamental solution to theshortage of physicians.

In addition, a system will be developed to enable the use of a transportation service when apatient must go to the hospital for a doctor's decision or for an initial medical examination.
For the transportation service, we are considering using Mini buses, which are vehicles used
in Africa, as shown in Figure 8. Mini Buses are said to account for 60-70% of public
transportation for South Africans. Since MiniBuses made in Japan, such as the one shown in
Figure 9, are also used, this service can be operated with support from Japan.

We also believe that it would be possible to use used or usable discarded vehicles in Japan.
Since the annual number of discarded vehicles in Japan is estimated to be about 3.1 million, it
would be beneficial to Japan if these vehicles could be utilized. The number of vehicles thatare no longer needed by their owners (Figure 10) indicates that 1.2 million used vehicles areexported to Africa each year. This suggests that it is feasible to export and utilize theseno-longer-needed vehicles in Africa. Figure 11 shows the movement of these used car exports
since 2006, with a significant decrease in 2009 to 680,000 units from 1.35 million units theprevious year. Kazunori Fujii writes that this was due to the impact of tariff hikes and otherfactors in Russia and other major export destination countries. Although the number of used
vehicles exported continued to increase thereafter, it peaked at 1.28 million in 2014 and has
been slowly declining, reaching 1.19 million units in 2016. This makes it a good thing forJapan to be able to take advantage of used vehicles. The incorporation of a dedicatedtransportation service for patients is expected to reduce the physical burden on patients andshorten the time required for the service. However, there will be more things to consider, suchas determining who will bear the financial burden of the service and the frequency of pickups
and drop-offs.

5 References
・外務省 https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/index.html（2022.5.10）
・在ケニア日本国大使館 https://www.ke.emb-japan.go.jp/itprtop_ja/index.html(2022.7.12）
・JETRO 日本貿易振興機構 https://www.jetro.go.jp/（2022.8.13）
・国境なき医師団 https://www.msf.or.jp/ （2022.6.14）
・アフリカ医療研究会 https://gakuvo.jp/katsudou2019/collavo01/（2022.7.20）
・DATA INSIGHT https://www.nttdata.com/jp/ja/data-insight/（2022.9.14）

Building better logistics in developing countries
5303 Iwai Yasukata

Research question
What kind of measures are possible to achieve efficient and high-speed logistics indeveloping?

Currently, there are many inefficient logistics, especially in developing countries. Specifically, it istransportation that takes many hours to move by land. Trucks have a low transport capacityand emit a large amount of CO2. Furthermore, there are many unpaved rough roads, andthe current situation is that even more CO2 is emitted. To solve these problems, major
companies are working on air transportation using aircraft and helicopters, but because large
aircraft cannot land in small villages, most of them do not use small aircraft for pistontransportation. Furthermore, they are fuel intensive and therefore not an efficienttransportation method. In addition, in order to operate safely and quickly, highly developed
facilities are required, and multiple facilities such as runways must be constructed over awide area. It will take a lot of cost and time, and realistically it will be impossible to solvethese problems quickly.
Moreover, in many developing countries, needed supplies often do not arrive quickly, and intimes of famine, water shortages, disasters and epidemics, the arrival of relief supplies canbe significantly delayed. These problems have been pointed out for a long time, but effective
solutions have not yet been found.
For people in developing countries, the realization of safe and low-cost logistics is extremely
important for future development and a rise in daily living standards.

Research
First, we considered the current state of drone transportation. There are many types ofdrones, from large to small. A large one can take off with a weight of 16 tons. On the other
hand, there are small devices that are small enough to fit in the palm of your hand. In
general, the bigger the drone, the more cargo it can carry and the longer it can fly. However,on the other hand, large drones require a lot of time and large-scale equipment for takeoff,
landing, and maintenance. A small drone can be easily operated, but the weight that can be
carried and the distance that it can fly are short.
That's why I came up with the idea of ​a cluster logistics system. This is a method in which
multiple medium-sized and small-sized drones are mounted on a large aircraft andseparated at each point. It's the same principle as cluster bombs.
The parcels to be delivered are divided for each remote village and loaded onto small
drones. This drone is mounted directly on a larger aircraft or drone. Detach a small drone
over the destination, and the small drone will carry the cargo to the destination village. Smalldrones that have finished carrying cargo can be collected by large drones and returned tothe base. This way, you can land easily in small villages while still taking advantage of thelong range of the larger aircraft. It can be efficiently transported even in developing countries
where roads and air facilities are underdeveloped.

In order to improve this system, we thought about transportation using military drones. At
this time, I thought about how to utilize military drones that have already reached retirement.
The benefits of using military drones are many.
First, military drones are often equipped with bomb bays called hardpoints. Originallydesigned to carry missiles and bombs, it is useful for carrying small child drones whenconverted to civilian use. In addition, many bombs and missiles are heavy, so the payload(carrying capacity) of military drones is basically high. This allows a single aircraft to carry
more goods at once.
Additionally, military drones come in a variety of sizes to suit their purpose. They range fromlarge, high-flying drones to very cheap, small drones used for reconnaissance in groundwarfare. Therefore, various sizes are available for cluster transport.
Finally, it can fly stably even over long distances, and because it is unmanned, it can operate
in a small space. No runways or large helipads are required. Many small drones can landeven on the eaves of private houses, and in some cases, there are also aircraft that canhover just above the ground and drop only supplies.
A major problem with older military drones was their vulnerability to radar detection and lackof stealth. But even that is an advantage for civilian use. Drones, which are commercial
aircraft, do not need to be stealthy, and it is safer if they are always visible on radar. It
prevents unexpected approach and contact with other aircraft, and can be easily tracked andidentified in the unlikely event of a crash.
Based on these many advantages of drones, we thought that we could easily build alogistics system at a lower price.

However, the biggest problem that emerges here is the cost of operation and securing pilots.
As for the pilot, I want to solve it with automatic flight. Currently, all U.S. Air Force drones areoperated remotely by humans. In other words, they need skilled pilots in remote locations.
But this is not because automatic flight is impossible. Humans are in control to use weaponsand make decisions to kill targets. In other words, it can be said that automatic flight ispossible if it is a transportation business that does not use weapons.
In terms of cost, we are considering using old-fashioned aircraft that have been sold to theprivate sector, and using unmanned and automated operations to reduce costs. In addition,
we would like to secure the necessary funds by means such as collecting advertisingexpenses by posting the company's advertising logo on the surface of the aircraft.
These systems efficiently carry out logistics, which are the foundation of development. It will
be a great force for the efficient development and development of developing countries.

Paper
https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO201609633504636.page

Funding for solving poverty~Funding for sub-saharan africa~
5304 Ryoku Utsugi
1. Summary of Research
In my fourth year of study, I researched methods to eliminate poverty, but I was unable topropose specific solutions because I focused my research on all poor countries. Therefore, I
decided to focus my fifth-year research on sub-Saharan Africa, the region with the worst poverty.
Sub-Saharan Africa is the region south of the Sahara Desert, consisting of a total of 49 countries,
excluding Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Mauritania. In Sub-SaharanAfrica, 41% of the total population, or 410 million people, live on a dollar a day, and 18 of the 49
Sub-Saharan countries are considered to be in a state of famine. There are three main reasonsfor this state of poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The first reason is that there are many countries in conflict. In Sub-Saharan Africa, conflicts areconstantly occurring due to slavery and ethnic issues. Since there are 20 countries in
Sub-Saharan Africa that have never experienced conflict or coups d'état, 29 out of 49 countries
are already experiencing conflict. Conflicts lead to poverty because many people are lost, many
facilities necessary for life are destroyed, and the necessities of life are no longer available.
The second reason is Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Russia's invasion of Ukraine has caused
primary commodities such as food and oil to skyrocket significantly. The rising prices of fuel andfood lead to higher inflation rates, which in turn leads to increased poverty. In addition, since
President Putin is planning to bring the war with Ukraine into a war of attrition, and taking this into
account, the war between Russia and Ukraine is likely to continue for a long time, so the prices
of primary commodities will continue to soar, and poverty will continue to grow.
The third reason is the decrease in remittances to home countries by migrant workers due tosoaring prices caused by the pandemic of the new coronavirus and Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
Since many families in poor countries depend on remittances from migrant workers, a decrease
in remittances from migrant workers would further exacerbate poverty.
For these reasons, the most effective way to solve poverty in sub-Saharan Africa is to raise a
lot of money and donate it to sub-Saharan Africa. So, how can we raise funds from many
people? In order to get a lot of people to donate money, it is necessary to let people around theworld know about the current situation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, by making a short film
about the current situation and future of Sub-Saharan Africa, sharing it with the world, andcollecting donations through it, we can let many people know about the current situation andfuture of Sub-Saharan Africa and collect donations from many people.
2. Motivation for the research
When I was in the fourth grade, I did research on how to solve poverty, but I could not propose aconcrete method because the scope of the research was too broad. Therefore, this time, I
decided to focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, the region with the worst poverty in the world, and toresearch what concrete measures can be taken to solve poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa.
3. Research Findings
Of the 49 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, 18 are in a state of hunger, and about 41% of all
Sub-Saharan residents live on about one dollar a day.
There are two main causes of poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa(1) Because 29 of the 49 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have already experienced conflict.
When conflicts occur, many people are lost, and facilities and goods necessary for daily life aredestroyed or stolen, which leads to the expansion of poverty.
(2) The invasion of Ukraine by Russia has caused primary commodity prices to skyrocket.
(iii) The price of fuel and food would soar, which would lead to higher inflation and increased
poverty.
(2) Since Russia is trying to make this war an enduring war, the war is expected to last for along time, and the prices of primary commodities are expected to continue to rise.
(3) Decreased income due to the new coronavirus will reduce remittances from migrant workers.
(4) Many families in impoverished countries rely on remittances from overseas migrant workers,
and if remittances decrease, poverty will increase.

There is a method called "crowd-funding" to raise funds from a large number of people.
Crowdfunding is a system that started in the U.S. in the early 2000s. Its main purpose is tocollect funds from an unspecified number of people by publicizing on the Internet the dream that
one wants to realize and getting many people to agree to it. There are many examples of
crowdfunding projects around the world. For example, crowdfunding for the 2011 Tohoku
earthquake and tsunami raised an average of about 1 million yen.
Another benefit of crowdfunding is that the activity itself can be used for promotion. The more
people know about your project through crowdfunding, the more visibility you will gain, and in
turn, the more customers you will get.
However, there are some disadvantages to crowdfunding: First, it takes time and effort.
Second, crowdfunding is not a simple process. There is a possibility that your idea will be stolen.
Based on the above points, we decided that using crowdfunding as a way to raise funds toalleviate poverty would be effective. Crowdfunding can raise funds from many people around theworld, and it can also be used for promotion and to raise funds from more people around theworld.
However, since poverty is a problem that has not been solved despite the many measures thathave been taken to date, only a few people will give money to a fund-raising campaign thatclaims to collect funds to solve the poverty problem. Therefore, it is more effective to propose a
new way to solve the poverty problem and call for investment of funds for it.
I propose to use crowdfunding to raise funds to make a film about the current situation andfuture of poor countries, using poor countries as locations, so that many people can learn about
the current situation and future problems of poor countries, and more people who are affected by
the film can raise funds to help poor countries get out of poverty. This is a way to raise funds tohelp poor countries get out of poverty.
There are three benefits to be gained by doing this(1) Because a concrete method of making a film about poverty is provided, more people will
participate in the crowdfunding campaign than if we just blindly call for donations.
(2) By actually using poor countries as filming locations, funds will be available to poor countries
when the film is released.
(iii) Since the film can be seen by many people around the world, many people can learn about
the current situation and future problems of poor countries and many people can be affected,
which will encourage more people to donate.
However, as mentioned above, crowdfunding has disadvantages such as "it takes time andeffort, and there is a possibility of not reaching the target amount" and "there is a possibility ofideas being stolen. However, when crowdfunding is actually used to raise funds for the creationof a film, the average amount of funds raised is more than one million yen. As for the problem ofideas being stolen, since my ultimate goal is to provide funds to poor countries and not for myown benefit, I have no problem with ideas being stolen.
Therefore, I would like to raise funds through crowdfunding to make a film about the current
situation and future of poor countries, using poor countries as locations, so that many people canlearn about the current situation and future problems of poor countries, and more people who are
affected by the film will donate to help poor countries get out of poverty. The film will be made in
the impoverished countries in the region.

Transition from monoculture to polyculture
Improving food self-sufficiency in the Republic of Ghana
5305 Taito Ohtaki
Research Summary
Last year I did research on the possibility of increasing crop production by farming indeserts. While researching agriculture in deserts, I became interested in the "monoculture
economy" that is a problem in many developing countries which are in desert regions. The
monoculture economy has led to a low rate of food self-sufficiency and poverty. Therefore, I
thought to elucidate whether the food self-sufficiency rate of developing countries can beincreased and poverty can be solved by shifting from a monoculture economy, which means
single cultivation, to a polyculture economy, which means multi cultivation. For this purpose,
I conducted this study with the aim of efficiently cultivating plants in desert areas where it isdifficult to grow plants. In this study, I aimed to recover from the monoculture economy in
the Republic of Ghana. If recovery from the monoculture economy is achieved in the
Republic of Ghana, I plan to apply this research to other countries and regions in the future.
1 Introduction
I am interested in agriculture, and I have been doing research activities with
agriculture as a major theme since last year. In the year before last, I conducted researchaiming to revitalize Japanese agriculture by conducting 6th industry, and I found out that it ispossible to increase profits and promote local production for local consumption by
conducting 6th industry, although it requires more knowledge and skills. Last year's researchshowed that mass production of crops is possible in desert areas through the use of
institutional agriculture, however the research ended without any conclusions on how to build
agricultural facilities in desert areas, the costs involved in introducing such facilities, or how
to operate them. This year, I decided to research the "monoculture economy," which I wasinterested in during my Internet based literature search in the previous year's research. A
monoculture economy is an economy in which the industrial structure of a country
specializes in the production for export of a couple of agricultural products or mineral
resources, and is also called monoculture. This economic system can be seen in many
developing countries, where domestically produced crops and mineral resources are exported
as commodities. Since the theme of this research is agriculture, I focused on the monocultureeconomy in agriculture. The method of the research is to conduct experiments to deepen theprevious year's research, and also to prepare a proposal based on the advantages andproblems that will arise when shifting to a polyculture economy in a country such as theRepublic of Ghana where a monoculture economy is a problem.
2 Main Discussion
This research was based around two main ideas: firstly, to investigate throughexperimentation better ways of using fertilizers to grow crops efficiently in non-agriculturalareas such as deserts, and secondly, to develop a proposal that takes into account thebenefits and problems of shifting from the monoculture economy found in developing
countries to a new form of economy known as a polyculture economy.
In the first experiment about better use of fertilizers to grow crops efficiently in thefirst agricultural area, I investigated the efficient use of advanced chemical fertilizers in
fertilizer-free soil using vermiculite. The process of the experiment was as follows. First,“komatsuna” was grown in pots using vermiculite, which does not contain nutrients in thesame way as desert sand. Eight pots were prepared in which eight seeds were sown, and twoeach were compared into four groups, A, B, C, and D. Then, after 20 days, comparing thedifferences in the growth of each group.
A: 10 days after sowing, apply advanced compound fertilizer.
B: Apply advanced compound fertilizer only at sowing time.
C: Apply advanced compound fertilizer at sowing and 10 days after sowing.
D: Do not feed with highly chemical fertilizers
Before the experiment, I expected that the “komatsuna” plants in pot C would grow the mostleaves and roots because they would get more nutrients at the time both when sowing C and
10 days after sowing. The result of the experiment was that we could not get enough data.
The germination rate of komatsuna was not good due to many bad weather days this year, andwe could not get enough germination data. Therefore, we decided to consider using the dataof the similar experiment conducted in the year before last. In the year before last, theexperiment was carried out to know the difference of the growth of the plants by the use offertilizers using lettuce. The procedure of the experiment was the same as this year's
experiment, but we used different colored pots for each group to make it easier to distinguishbetween the different groups. Therefore, the data presented here are not correct. The results ofthe experiment of the year before last are as follows (Table 1).

germinati
on rateabove thesoil
under the
soil

A1

A2

B1

B2

C1

C2

D1

D2

94%.

88%.

88%.

100%.

88%.

81%.

94%.

100%.

3.1cm

2.8cm

2.7cm

2.3cm

2.7cm

2.7cm

2.0cm

2.0cm

4.0cm

5.5cm

4.4cm

5.3cm

5.6cm

6.0cm

8.0cm

8.8cm

(Table 1) Results of last year's experiment
From the experiments, I got several results. In Group A, the area above the soil grew
more than the others, but the area below the soil did not. In Group D, the area above the soil
did not grow more than the others, but the area below the soil did grow more than the others.
The reason why the germination rate did not differ much among the groups is that plants do
not need external nutrients for germination, but use internal nutrients of the seed for
germination. The reason for this result in Group A was that the soil in the pot contained
sufficient nutrients, so the absorbed nutrients were used for the growth of stems and leaves
rather than for the growth of roots. The reason for this result in Group D was that the soil inthe pot did not contain any nutrients, so the roots grew more to increase the surface area ofthe roots in order to absorb nutrients from the roots more efficiently.
The second is to develop a proposal for the transition from a monoculture economy toa new economic form, a polyculture economy, in the Republic of Ghana. First, the current
state of agriculture and economy in the Republic of Ghana is a monoculture economy typicalof the cocoa bean, with agriculture accounting for about 20% of gross domestic product andabout half of employment. Which has the disadvantage of making the economy unstable,
however the cultivation and export of cacao beans are easily affected by international markets
and weather conditions, One of the factors that led to the country's monoculture economy is
the rapid spread of cacao bean cultivation, which was brought to the country when it was a
British colony in the past, and in 1911 it became the world's largest producer of cacao beans.
The advantage of a monoculture economy is that it is superior to other countries in thetechnology and production of that particular crop because it grows a small number ofdifferent crops. The disadvantages are that crop prices are affected by the weather andinternational markets, and that it is difficult to improve a country's food self-sufficiency
because most of the crops produced are commodity crops and are exported. The advantagesof a polyculture economy are that it grows a large number of crops, so that when prices ofsome crops fall due to weather or international markets, it can be compensated with othercrops, and it can increase its own consumption in addition to exports. On the other hand, thedisadvantages are that the export volume of each crop is reduced and that a wide range oftechnology and a large amount of labor are required. The advantages of moving from amonoculture economy to a polyculture economy are that it allows a country to increase its
own food self-sufficiency and to respond more easily to weather and international market
downturns. The disadvantages are that the amount and production of certain crops that havebeen grown in the past will decrease, and that a lot of new knowledge and policies andsystems will need to be developed in order to produce new crops in the region.
3 Conclusion
The purpose of this study was to make a proposal for the transition from amonoculture economy to a polyculture economy in the Republic of Ghana. The
experimentation conducted to provide the basis for the proposal suggests that the efficient
way of using use of chemical fertilizer for crop production in non-agricultural areas is to firstincrease the efficiency of nutrient absorption by allowing the roots to grow and then adding
chemical fertilizer to the soil to make the whole plant grow bigger. However, if it is done as
open field farming, the nutrients and water will permeate into the ground and the effect of thescientific fertilizer will be reduced, so facility farming can be used to provide nutrients andwater more efficiently.
The proposal to shift from a monoculture economy to a polyculture economy in
Ghana has the advantages of increasing the country's food self-sufficiency and of being able
to adapt easily to weather and international market deterioration The disadvantages of
reducing the amount of certain crops grown and the amount of production, requiring a lot of
new knowledge, and requiring the development of policies and systems to produce new crops
on the land. The disadvantages are that it requires a lot of new knowledge, and that it requires
the development of new policies and systems to produce new crops on the land. The pointthat new technology and workers will be needed will be solved by creating a system todispatch engineers. As for research issues, they conducted experiments using advanced
chemical fertilizers in their experiments, but they will conduct similar experiments usingorganic fertilizers in consideration of cost and safety. The experiment conducted in theprevious year ended when the plants had not fully grown, so I will investigate whether they
can grow to their maximum size over a longer period of time, and whether there is any
difference in the size and quantity of the fruits they produce.
4 References◎http://hdl.handle.net/10098/8137〈多様な視点からアフリカの貧困問題の原因と背景を探り合う-地理的事象間の関連をとらえる力を高める「世界の諸地域」学習の実践(第1学年)〉(2022.May.16)◎https://tohoku.repo.nii.ac.jp/〈東北大学機関リポジトリ〉(2022.May.23)◎http://hdl.handle.net/10097/00123659〈Export Diversification of Agricultural Products in Vietnam under French Rule :Reconsideration of the Rice Monoculture〉(2022.May.23)◎https://www.lotte.co.jp/entertainment/shallwelotte/story/stamp/ghana/〈カカオが支えたガーナ共和国の経済成長〉(2022.June.6)◎https://www.kateigaho.com/home/lifestyle/108647/〈家庭画報.com（コンパニオンプランツについて）〉(2022.June.20)◎https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/ghana/data.html〈外務省＿ガーナ共和国〉(2022.July.14)◎https://www.jardineriaon.com/ja/que-es-el-policultivo.html〈ポリカルチャー〉(2022.July.14)◎https://educalingo.com/ja/dic-en/polyculture〈英語辞典−POLYCULTURE〉(2022.September.26)

The world’s medical field
Communication helps nurses
15term student 5 class 6 Taimu Kasakura

Abstract
I studied the theme “The world’s medical field”~Communication helps nurses~. I set thistheme to examine the current medical field because I am interested in the medical field. I
found that there are a lot of problems. The aim of this research is to reduce nurse’s burden
due to the labor shortage. At first, I examined the transition of the number of current nurses.
The number of new nurses is increasing. In more investigation, we found that the nursing
profession has a larger retirement rate than other professions. Therefore, instead of increasing
the number of new nurses, we decided to reduce the retirement rate of nurses. To this end, we
decided to decrease the retirement rate of nurses by increasing job satisfaction for nurses. We
also considered that the most rewarding part of a nurse's job is being appreciated, so we
wanted to increase the number of opportunities for nurses to be appreciated. To improve suchopportunities, we propose a communication tool. However, there are some disadvantages thatarise from installing communication tools in hospitals. Examples include the cost to thehospital and the increased burden on the nurses who have to inspect the communication tools.
To solve these problems, we decided that the installation should be low-cost and simple instructure.

1 Introduction
I chose this theme for two main reasons. The first is that I have always been interested in
medical care. Therefore, I wanted to investigate the medical field. The second reason is that
one day I was watching the news and learned that there are problems in the medical field, so I
decided to look into it in detail. And the purpose of this research is to reduce the burden on
nurses, who are currently experiencing a shortage. The significance of this research is that bydecreasing the burden on nurses, it is expected that the quality of medical care will improve
more than it is now. To conduct the research, we will first use the Internet and books to find

information about the current medical field and nurses, as well as previous research. Next, we
will organize this information, narrow it down to a single problem that nurses are currently
facing, and conduct further research on that problem. Then, based on the information they
have gathered, they will come up with their own suggestions on how to solve the problems
faced by the nurses, using the previous research as a reference. After that, I will consider theadvantages and disadvantages of the proposal and modify the proposal based on them.

2 Discussion and implication
First, with regard to the shortage of nurses, the problem to be solved in this study, it is no
exaggeration to say that nurses are in short supply worldwide, as the human resource needs ofnurses are increasing due to the ongoing aging of the population and the effects of the newcoronavirus and other factors. Secondly, the number of new nurses is increasing every year.
From this fact, I focused on the retirement rate of nurses. In my research, I found that nurses
tend to have a higher retirement rate than most other professions. There are two main reasonscited for this. The first is the contents of nursing work. In addition to the physicallydemanding work of carrying patients and carrying equipment necessary for medical care,nurses' jobs are also mentally demanding, because their work directly affects the lives ofpatients, and so the resignation rate tends to be higher. The second reason is that many ofthem are women. The nursing profession is inevitably dominated by women. Because of this,many of them leave the field for long periods of time due to maternity or childcare leave.
This makes them difficult,making it difficult for them to return to work again, and many ofthem end up retiring. Therefore, I decided to focus my research on the first reason. Many
countries provide support for nurses to return to the field, and the systems for nurses differ
from country to country, so I decided to research the first job description. However, if thework of nurses is reduced, the quality of medical care will decline. So I decided to increase
the job satisfaction of nurses. In this research, I will also assume that the most rewarding partof nurses' work is communication with patients. Therefore, I will propose a communication
tool. However, the problems with this communication tool are that it will increase theworkload of nurses and that it will inevitably be costly to implement. Therefore, thenecessary elements of a communication tool should be as simple as possible, not toocomplicated, and low-cost. The reason for this is that many elderly people live in hospitals,

and if the system is too complicated, patients will not be able to use the communication tool.
We also thought that a simple system would reduce the workload of nurses. In addition, thecost of medical care in hospitals is very high, so this communication tool needs to be
low-cost in order to be adopted.

3 Conclusion
The study focused on decreasing the number of nurses who retire, rather than adding new
nurses to the nursing workforce. Many of the reasons why nurses were leaving were due tothe heavy workload both physically and mentally. However, we cannot reduce the quantity ofnurses' work because patients' lives are at stake if the quality of nurses' work is reduced.
Therefore, we tried to increase the job satisfaction of nurses and reduce the number of nurses
who retire. And here, we propose the creation of a communication tool and its
implementation in hospitals to facilitate communication with patients as the job satisfactionof nurses is communication with patients. In addition, the hospital cannot spend much moneyon this communication tool due to the high cost of medical supplies, so this communication
tool needs to be low-cost.

4 References
・看護師、世界で590万人不足 WHO報告
https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO57747660X00C20A4CR0000/
アクセス日2021年5月3日
・「看護師不足、「20年後」にはさすがに解消…しないの？｜看護roo!ニュース」
https://www.kango-roo.com/work/7899/
アクセス日2021年6月25日
・人手不足が騒がれる看護師。その理由と対策についてhttps://workin.jp/inquire/recruiting/knowhow/a-nurse-who-is-worried-about-lack-of-manpow
er-about-the-reason-and-measures
アクセス日2021年6月25日
・看護職の働き方改革の推進
https://www.nurse.or.jp/nursing/nc/saishugyo/index.html
アクセス日2021年9月12日
・看護師のキャリアと働き方
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/iryou/nurse/event/pg-blank.html
アクセス日2021年9月12日・看護師離職率が高い理由とは？原因と対策を詳しく解説
https://jtb-hrsolution.jp/hrsupplement/welfare/39
アクセス日2021年10月5日
・Nursing Shortage
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493175/
アクセス日2022年5月8日

Support for TCKs
～Providing a Better Education With VR・AR Technologies～
5307 Moe Kamoda
Abstract
Around the world, there are many children who are educated in a country where theirnative language is not spoken. These children are called TCKs, which stands for Third
Culture Kids. These include refugees, and children of international couples and international
workers. In the global society, the needs for TCKs vary among each child, but not many ofthem could get the right support. Lack of money and language teachers are a big problem
throughout the world. Being able to solve these problems and support TCKs will lead to afriendlier world for not only adults, but also for children who are forced to go abroad
regardless of their will. It will also promote young people to go abroad and will lead to amore global world with less language and cultural problems. One way to solve this problem
is by using VR・AR technology. If TCKs can get a VR headset, they can use it to take virtual
language lessons from home, and also use it as a translator in school. In addition, by using anapplication, they can interact with other TCKs as an avatar, which will lead to mental
comfortability.
1. Introduction
Many of the TCKs have difficulty with the language, culture and identity. Some evenstop going to school or suffer from mental diseases. Despite their hardships, the support for
TCKs is not enough, and a lot of TCKs around the world are going to school without any
language support. The reason for the lack of support is that it is financially difficult to assign
a teacher for every TCK student that is scattered all over the world. It is necessary to increase
the number of TCKs who could receive enough support.
Also, because parents don’t want their children to have a hard time, some parents
decide to leave their family in their home country and move alone, when given the order ofmoving from their company. Therefore, lack of support for TCKs are also forcing families tobe separated, and are making it difficult for children to go abroad with less worries.
According to the World Family Bilingual Science Laboratory, when elementary school
children learned a foreign language using VR, their attitudes toward learning improved
significantly and led to positive learning outcomes. Also, it was found that three categories social, motivational, and multisensory and movement - can serve as the basis for successfulforeign language learning using VR. In another study conducted by the University of Texas incollaboration with the University of Córdoba, more than half of the teachers reported that
their students' motivation increased when using VR technology. These studies indicate thatusing VR for language education may be effective. However, VR language education has
never been used in practice. This research is based on these study results.
This study will investigate support methods that TCKs can receive at school or athome without teachers. In addition, I would like to think about support for improving TCKs'
native language and making connections among TCKs, too. To conduct this study, I will
research what kind of problems occur when students do not understand the language used atschool and to what extent. I estimate that VR technology will be an effective way to support
TCKs without the need of teachers, so this research will investigate VR technology, language
education on VR, and the use of VR in schools. The research question is what are the ways tosupport TCKs with less money and teachers by using VR and AR technologies?
2. Discussion and Implication
TCK stands for "Third Culture Kids," and returnee children, overseas children,
foreign children, and refugees are referred to as TCKs. They are called ”Third Culture Kids”
because they have three cultures, one from their home country, one from the country where
they live or lived, and the mix of the two countries as a part of their identity. Some TCKs
may live in more than one foreign country. In this case, they have more than three cultures.
Worldwide, it is said that the biggest problem TCKs face is that they have no place to feel athome. They often struggle with their identity because they do not know where their homecountry is or what language they could speak the best, and they are treated like foreigners
wherever they go. Apart from these psychological problems, there is also the problem oflanguage. They cannot understand the language used in school and cannot understand classes.
Some forget their native language because they have been living away from their homecountry for a long period of time. Once these children go back to their home country, theystruggle not being able to understand classes and cultures of their home country.
<Current situation in each country>
In Japan, as of 2008, there are 40,485 foreign students and 10,274 Japanese nationality
students who need Japanese language instruction. Those who need Japanese language
instruction but cannot receive support are called language refugees. Language refugees areunable to understand classes in school, so they are unable to learn what they would have beenable to understand if they had stayed in their home country and were taught in their native
language. It may cause them to give up on their future dreams and university education. In
addition, most language refugee children are those who have been forced to go abroad against
their will due to their parents' work, divorce, or migrant work. In particular, single parents orparents who came to Japan in search of work do not have the financial ability to get support
such as going to cram school. These language refugee children account for as many as 20%of those who need Japanese language instruction. While the dropout rate of all Japanese highschool students in the 2008 school year was 1.3%, 9.6% of high school students in need ofJapanese-language instruction dropped out, showing that the lack of support gives a bad
influence to their education.
In Japan, some schools provide language support for foreign children. For example,
they offer language classes after school, assign Japanese language teachers at school, or havesomeone who can speak both the student's native language and Japanese online as aninterpreter. Recently, there are also school-specific translation machines that can be used forthe language used at school. These translation machines can be used when teachers andparents meet with each other or when children attend classes at school. In addition, 70% to
80% of the students in night junior high schools are foreigners, and many foreign students
study with the goal of passing the junior high school graduation examination. Since juniorhigh school is not compulsory education for foreign students, if they drop out of junior highschool for various reasons, they have to take the junior high school graduation examination
when they want to take the high school entrance examination. However, once they drop outof junior high school, it is difficult for them to enter again. Therefore, night junior highschools play an important role for such children. In other cases, NPOs and volunteers provide
Japanese language support. At an NPO called "Kodomo Nihongo Kyoshitsu, Mirai Juku"(Children's Japanese Language Class, Future School) in Isesaki City, which I visited as partof this research, every Saturday ,students can get help learning Japanese and doing their
homework by volunteers. This volunteer group and the school share information about thestudents. There is good cooperation between the school, the NPO, and the volunteer
community members. This group also cooperates with another NPO, G Community, which
provides educational consultation for foreign children over the phone. In this way, the entire
community and various organizations were cooperating with each other, showing that Isesaki
City has a solid system in place. However, I also felt that Isesaki City's activities are not
perfect, and that there is a shortage of volunteers, and that many of the volunteers are around70 years old, which means that they are aging and lack knowledge of online classes. Inaddition, most of the areas where such efforts are being made have many foreign children
living, and in fact, Isesaki City has the largest population of foreigners in Gunma Prefecture,with 12,622 foreigners.
In the U.S, many schools have an English as a Second Language (ESL) program. In
this program, students whose native language is not English and who fall below a certain
English proficiency standard are taken out of their regular classes for about an hour a day to
be taught by a specialized teacher during art, music, science experiments, or other times when
they do not have to attend class and will not fall behind significantly in their studies.
However, the ratio of ESL teachers to ESL students is 1:150 in the U.S., indicating that there
is a shortage of teachers.
In the UK, there is a system called EAL (English as an Additional Language), wherea specialist teacher provides language and life support. EAL classes are held during the time
when other students are learning a foreign language such as Spanish or French, so it does notaffect other subjects. The classes are kept as small as possible so that students can talk about
any hardships or problems that they may have. It is expected to take about 6 years to be able
to keep up with schoolwork, and EAL is mainly for children who have grown up without
English at home and for children from other countries where English is not the first language.
In Scotland, the government provides grants to schools to help refugees, young carers
and students with learning difficulties. Part of the money is spent on EAL students.
Many other countries are facing costs and teacher shortages.
<The Importance of the Mother Tongue>
In addition to learning the local language, it is also important to remember the native
language and to learn the culture of their home country. This is because the mother tongue isvery important for language formation. It is said that the most important period of mothertongue formation is from infancy to the second grade of elementary school. It is said that if achild is separated from his/her mother tongue during this period, it will affect the formationof his/her native language. Since the mother tongue is the basis for thinking and expression,some studies suggest that it is difficult to learn a foreign language if the mother tongue is notestablished. In fact, there are children who are double-limited, meaning that they havedifficulties in both their native language and a foreign language.
(↓From the NPO "Youth Independence Support Center")"The elementary school she attended did not have a Japanese language support system. She
was able to speak Japanese to some extent, but the Japanese she used for studying wasdifficult to read and write, and she soon began to fall behind her friends. In the upper grades,
she could no longer understand most of what she heard in class and stopped going to school.
Perhaps because he spent less and less time using Japanese in his daily life, his daily
conversations became more and more difficult, making it even harder for him to go to school.
Her Japanese was so "broken" that it was hard to believe that she had attended school inJapan for six years. She spun words and short sentences in broken bursts, but when she wasin a bad mood, her Japanese often became so disjointed that she had no idea what she wastrying to say. The Spanish he used to converse with his mother in the home helped him
develop his "speaking" skills, but he was not far behind a first grader in his native country,
and he could hardly read or write."This situation, in which both the local language and native language skills are not developed
to an age-appropriate level, is called "double limited," in contrast to "bilingual." When a childfalls into a double-limited situation, he or she is unable to think or speak in either language at
a high level and has difficulty expressing himself or herself. At the "Kodomo Nihongo
Kyoshitsu Mirai Juku," a Brazilian boy who says Japanese is the easiest language for him tounderstand speaks Spanish with his parents and speaks Japanese at school. Even though
Japanese is the easiest language for him to understand, he could not understand sentences inmath problems. Even if he can do math calculations, he cannot solve the problem because oflack of language ability. However, the boy cannot write or read Spanish either because heonly speaks it with his family.
<Difficulties outside of learning>
There are also children who are mentally hurt by the attitudes of the people around them.
"Even for children with roots overseas who were born and raised in Japan, have never beenoutside of Japan, and speak only Japanese, the color of their skin, names, and the fact that
their parents are foreigners make them the target of bullying and discrimination in school life,and many children find it difficult to live. There is a widespread perception among Brazilians
in Japan that they will be bullied if they send their children to Japanese schools, and somechildren do not go to school in the first place because of this. If they make a slight mistake inJapanese, they are called ‘stupid’. If they complain about something, they are told to ‘go backto your country’. Being told that their skin color is ‘dirty’ is a common experience for many

children of foreign origin in Japan, and during adolescence, they struggle to establish theiridentity. For such children, a place -such as a Japanese language class- where they can gather
with other ‘minorities’ in the same situation is the only place where they can feel safe andmeet others who share the same feelings. Some students in the language school say, ‘I didn't
have any friends at school, but when I come here, I feel like we are all the same.’ However,the number of children who have access to such support institutions is limited, and there arecases where children are not attending school and are withdrawn at home because there is no
support at school or in the community."("" in parentheses are quotes.)
Therefore, many children suffer not only in terms of language and learning, but also, as aminority, from a lack of understanding of the people around them. This causes them to stop
going to school and makes their parents not let them go to school.
<Support to remote areas>
In Japan, there are currently some measures to support remote areas where there arefew foreigners in the community, such as online Japanese language classes or using atranslation machine to help students go to school. At the NPO volunteer group in Isesaki,
volunteers are learning how to use ZOOM so that they can provide support to children inremote areas from 2022. However, there are limitations in giving online classes to children
who have not been in Japan for very long and cannot speak Japanese at all. In addition,
remote classes lack the mental support of talking with other children in the same situation,compared to face-to-face classes.
Therefore, it is clear that the local language support, native language support, andmental support are necessary, and that it is necessary to make this possible even in areas
where there are few people who need support.
<Education using VR and AR technologies>
According to the study by the World Family BIlingual Science Laboratory, whenelementary school children used VR in their language learning, their attitude toward the class
greatly improved, and was effective for better understanding. Also, it was found that three
categories - social, motivational, and multisensory and movement - can serve as the basis for
successful foreign language learning using VR. In another study conducted by the Universityof Texas in collaboration with the University of Córdoba, more than half of the teachersreported that their students' motivation increased when using VR technology. Based on thesestudies, it became clear that using VR in language education is effective. However, there areno schools where they use VR goggles in ESL or EAL classes as a daily basis. However,there are schools where they use VR technologies in science and social studies classes. Class
VR is a company that makes VR goggles to use in school. Many schools in the U.S. and the
U.K. use this company’s goggles in school. Also, there is an application called Immerse,
which is a VR application for adults to use to learn a foreign language. In the application,
they can take language classes as an avatar, practice talking like they are really in thesituation, and communicate with other students. Because they use VR goggles and handcontrollers, it enables them to learn like they are really in the classroom, and talk like they arereally face-to-face. This application is developing now, and it is only used to learn Spanish,
but they will make French, English, and Japanese in the future. The cost of Immerse is 45
dollars a month. With this money, students can take language classes 12 times, get personal
feedback, and talking between students is allowed anytime. In addition to the 45 dollars,
students need to buy a VR goggle.
3．Conclution
There are many problems surrounding the support for TCKs. First of all, there is a
shortage of language teachers and funding at schools, especially in areas where there are not a
lot of TCKs. In addition, even in areas where there are language teachers and enough money
to support them, a different problem occurs, such as the fact that they have to get out of theirmain classes to take language classes which will make the students even harder to catch up in
their studies, and which sometimes lead to bullying. Also, the support for their mental
problems and their native language are lacking, too. It is necessary to find a way to support
TCKs with less teachers and money, and provide an opportunity for TCKs to interact andshare their experiences and hardships. In addition, the support should be available to TCKs in
all areas. Therefore, I thought it would be a good idea to create an application similar to
Immerse. With this idea, students could enter Immerse from home, take language classes asan avatar, and practice speaking the language. They can also learn their native language in thesame way. Furthermore, by making a TCK community in the application, they can interact
with each other and share their hardships and experiences. By making a community with
TCKs of the same home country, they can also practice having a conversation in their native
language. To do this, VR goggles need to be delivered to each TCKs. The cost is high and it
would be difficult for each child to purchase one, so it would be provided to them fromcloud-funding or from the government. It might be a burden on the government, but
compared to placing language teachers for each TCK scattered around the world, it will be asmall cost. Also, by using the VR headset, they can also use a function of a translator and afunction which displays text about the things seen though the goggles. TCKs can use thesefunctions in schools, too, which might help them understand classes and talk to theirclassmates. Next, I would like to consider how to deliver the VR goggles to TCKs scatteredaround the world with low or no cost, and how to let them know about the support. Also,
mental support in this idea only gives the TCKs the opportunity to find a friend in the same
situation, and does not solve the problem of bullying and lack of understanding by others, so I
would like to think about how to spread understanding about the TCKs to the world.
4. References
文部科学省 第1章 外国人児童生徒等の多様性への対応<https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/20
19/04/22/1304738_003.pdf> 9月8日
文部科学省 第2章 学校管理職の役割<https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/20
19/04/22/1304738_004.pdf>10月20日
文部科学省 第5章 都道府県教育委員会の役割<https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/20
19/04/22/1304738_007.pdf>10月20日「【言語難民】日本語がしゃべれず、ひとりぼっちの子ども達を助けたい」<https://gardenjournalism.com/en/project/ysc/>10月20日「「日本の学校ではいじめられる」が定説!?」 NHK<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/special/izon/20190416ijime.html>10月20日
NPO法人青少年自立援助センター YSCグローバル・スクール<https://www.value-press.com/pressrelease/163168>10月16日

外国人児童生徒等教育の現状と課題 文部科学省<https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2019/08/2
3/1420501_004.pdf>10月20日
多文化共生を探る： 海外にルーツを持つ子どもたちへの支援の現状<https://www.nippon.com/ja/currents/d00430/?pnum=2>10月22日
日本の子供英語教育について<https://www.naik.jp/blog/director/archives/49> 10月22日“What is EAL Support?”<https://www.isa.aberdeen.sch.uk/assets/docs/EAL-What-is-EAL-Support.pd>
10月22日”Are students learning English being supported enough?”<https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/51574898> 10月16日”Our Nation’s English learners”<https://www2.ed.gov/datastory/el-characteristics/index.html#intro> 10/12/2022“Limited-English students test public schools”<https://fachttps://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jcrdajp/14/4/14_KJ00006854096/_pdf/-char/ja>10/16/2022
アメリカ・カナダにおけるESL教育の実状とその考察<https://facethefactsusa.org/facts/limited-english-students-test-public-schools/>10月17日
class VR
https://www.classvr.com/school-curriculum-content-subjects/augmented-reality-resources/en
glish-augmented-reality-content/> 10/11/2022
Immerse <https://ja.immerse.online/>10/11/2022”VR語学学習アプリのOculus Quest版がリリース 29ヶ国語を勉強できる”

<https://www.moguravr.com/mondly-practice-languages-in-vr/>10月11日”AUGMENTED REALITY FOR ESL/EFL AND BILINGUAL EDUCATION: AN
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON”<https://www.redalyc.org/journal/706/70666930008/html/>10/11/2022

Health and Meal
ーThe effect of breakfastー
5308 Kishimoto Rin
Abstract
Set a research question about how to reduce the number of people who do not eat breakfast,and conduct research.That because many young people in Japan skip breakfast. According toa survey by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 56% of respondents said they
did not eat breakfast, and about 60% said they only eat staple foods for breakfast. Also,
low-income households were slightly more likely to skip breakfast. For this reason, we
propose to provide lunch boxes nationwide in the morning.Currently in Japan, someelementary schools are implementing this, but it is an activity by volunteers. I think it isdifficult to carry out volunteer activities consistently all over the country. Therefore, insteadof serving meals in the same way as conventional school lunches, we think that it may bepossible to solve the problem by distributing meals for one person in the form of lunch boxes,and making the contents simple so as not to impair nutrition.
1.Introduction
In Japan,It includes young people who do not have breakfast or eat only staple foods such as
rice,bread and cereal. There are people who study the connection of breakfast andperformance of exercise or learning. However,Breakfast is the most important meal in a
day,because between dinner and breakfast is the longest in a day and breakfast becomesenergy to be used for a day. So I decided that the research question is how to reduce thenumber of people who do not eat breakfast and study this question. I am going to study byusing the internet and books.
2.Discussion and implications
The increasing rate of skipping breakfast has become a problem and a question for men andwomen aged 18-39 was carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
This research says that 56% of people who participated in this question answered that theyeat breakfast every day,and 23% said they seldom eat it. And,it showed that 60% of the
respondents eat only staple foods such as rice and bread for breakfast by the same research.In addition, there were respondents that eat fruit and pastries as breakfast.
The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries research about meals that have balanced
nutrition.They ask if they ate meals that have balanced nutrition more than twice a day.Only

24% of people said they take it almost every day in this research. Both people who recognizethat a well-balanced meal is good for their health and people who find it troublesome are
60-70% of whole respondents.From this result, school breakfast and selling lunch boxes in
the morning contribute to a decrease in skipping breakfast rate.According to the Ministry of
Health, Labor and Welfare, the number of obese people has been increasing since2013.Number of people who are not interested in eating habits or exercise habits is 30 to 40
percent increase,so I think it is necessary to getting people interested in food more than ever.
My hypothesis is that school breakfast in the morning contributes to this problem.School
breakfast is a meal that students eat in the school and it is implemented in part of Japaneseelementary schools and American schools. The difference between Japanese and American isthat Japanese is implemented by volunteers but American is implemented by cooks. I
suggest selling lunch boxes, breads and setting up a place to have breakfast.
School lunches are done in the morning at schools overseas and in some Japanese
schools.Morning school lunches in elementary schools in Japan are carried out by local
volunteers using the school's home economics room. However, it is said that the cooks often
work from 7 o'clock in order to prepare the school lunch. Therefore, there is a problem thatcooks have to work early in the morning.
In the United States, school lunches in the morning are more popular than in Japan, andmeals are provided to children who cannot eat breakfast due to various family
circumstances.Next, about the effect of breakfast.It is thought to help improve health,learning and athletic performance.According to a study by the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology, students who eat breakfast
have higher grades and athletic ability
than those who do not.
In addition,Breakfast is said to be themost important meal of the day, so it
has the role of replenishing the energy
used in the day.Staple foods such as
rice contain a lot of glucose, which is an energy source for the brain. Skipping breakfast canhave side effects, such as feeling dizzy until lunch.In addition, breakfast also plays a role inmaintaining a normal body clock and balancing with the rhythm of life. A specific breakfast
should be balanced and nutritious. Prioritizing this,I suggest adopting “Japanese-style meals”.

“Japanese-style meals ”is a dietary habit of eating a variety of side dishes such as fish, meat,
vegetables, seaweed, beans, etc., mainly rice that is suitable for the climate of Japan.Not only
it is excellent in nutritional balance, but it is also characterized by the use of many
agricultural, forestry and fishery products produced in various parts of Japan.Therefore, it isexpected that adopting a "Japanese-style meals" will lead to an improvement in the foodself-sufficiency rate and the inheritance of the precious food culture that has been nurtured invarious places for a long time.From the above, I think that it will be useful for gettinginterested in food even after going out to society.
3.Conclusion
My conclusion is to provide school lunches in the form of lunch boxes in themorning.Incorporating "Japanese-style eating habits" into bento boxes, we will raise interestin food while passing on food culture.Since many of the reasons for skipping breakfast are"troublesome to prepare" and "lack of time," we believe that school lunches in the morning
are effective. However, I would like to consider the lack of breakfast due to lack of food, theplace where it is provided, and the problems of workers as future issues.
4.References
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries” Dietary habits of the younger generation”
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/syokuiku/websurvey/attach/pdf/websurvey-1.pdf“The reality of food knowledge, consideration, cooking techniques, and subjective
evaluation of food from the perspective of high school students' interest in food education”
Oda Reiko Onoda Yumiko (10.12)”what do americans eat”
https://www.re-port.net › article › column (10.12)“What are you eating for breakfast in the 10 healthiest countries in the world?”
https://gigazine.net › news › 20170531-world-healthiest…. (10.12)“Breakfast Habits, Nutritional Status, Body
Weight, and Academic Performance in Children
and Adolescents”
Journal of the American Dietetic Association (10.12)

World Education Reform～Equal education for all global citizens～
5309 Kouki Kizu
Abstract
I wondered about the educational environment in Japan today, with its thoroughgoingaveraging of education and a society in which the stakes are high. Based on this, I began thisresearch with the thought that if the educational environment in the world were also
improved, there would be more opportunities for work and fewer poor people in developing
countries, and each individual in developed countries could make the most of his or her own
weapons. The research question is: "What mechanisms and institutions need to be in place toprovide an environment that enables all citizens of the world to complete primary andsecondary education with effective and practical learning outcomes at the lowest possible
cost?” In the course of my research, I have endeavored to understand the current state ofeducation around the world through books and the Internet, and from the current situation, I
propose the following idea: "International video teaching sites should be operated byeducational institutions in each country.
1 Introduction
Many of you may have wondered about the averaging education and the stakes in oursociety. In fact, the level of education in Japan is not so high, or perhaps it would be better tosay that there is room for growth. The reason for this is the independence of children andstudents. How many people in Japan understand the true significance of learning? How manyof them have even once considered the importance of learning in their lives? They lose thesignificance of their studies, lose the intellectual curiosity that is inherently instinctive inhuman beings, engage in daily labor in the name of learning, and before they know it, they
are thrown out into society, questioning who they are, and eventually die without evenresolving their doubts. This is not a good situation. In order to break through this situation, I
thought it would be a good idea to give each individual independence during the educational
period that almost all adults pass through, and to let each individual find his or her own
interests and weapons. I believe that the first step in creating a sustainable future full of
happiness is education.
The following is a speech by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon that contributes to thisconsideration. "If all students in low-income countries could finish school with basic reading
skills, 171 million people would be lifted out of poverty. If all mothers in low-income
countries had secondary education, 12 million children could be lifted out of stunting. If all
women had secondary education, child mortality would be reduced by 49%. If all women hadcompleted primary education, childbirth deaths would be reduced by 66%. If all girls had
secondary education, there would be 64% fewer child marriages and 59% fewer premature
pregnancies." The importance of primary and secondary education in developing countries isclearly demonstrated by the use of numbers. These figures show that no one can talk about
the importance of education. I want to make education in the world better. With this in mind,
I conducted this study.

2 Discussion and implications
Research Methods(1) Identification of issues in Japanese education through books and the Internet.
(2) Identification of education systems and issues in developed countries in general throughbooks and the Internet.
(3) Identification of education systems and issues in developing countries through books andthe Internet.
(4) Propose optimal educational systems based on an understanding of the current state ofeducation around the world.
Issues to be Solved in the Research
To begin with, it is necessary to identify the problem to be solved in the study. In
conclusion, "What mechanisms and institutions need to be put in place to provide anenvironment in which all world citizens can complete primary and secondary education at thelowest possible cost, with effective and practical learning outcomes?" This section describes
the process of convergence on this issue for developing and developed countries separately.
First, let's look at the challenges in developing countries. There are two main challenges indeveloping countries: the reasons why children cannot go to school and the shortage ofteachers. UNICEF lists the following six reasons why children are out of school・Insufficient number of schools for the number of children
・Children are working to support their families
・Inability to pay for school fees and materials
・Natural disasters such as droughts and floods, and humanitarian crises such as conflicts
・Schools are not well equipped
・Parents and community members do not understand the importance of education.
In addition to the above, there are some areas where it is not legal to do so. For example, on
September 18, 2021, in Afghanistan, which was seized by the armed Taliban, middle andhigh schools resumed classes, but the Taliban issued a decree that "all male teachers and malestudents should return to their respective educational institutions," with no call for female
teachers or female students. This has caused one girl to voice her sadness, saying, "I lost my
dream of becoming a doctor. It is not only the fact that children cannot go to school that isserious. It is also the fact that there is a shortage of teachers. The government, believing that
schools are necessary to provide access to education, inevitably needs to provide teachers in
addition to schools. However, it is difficult to take this step in a country where no generation
is being educated, and education remains inaccessible.
Next, I would like to talk about the challenges in developed countries. Many people believethat developed countries do not have educational challenges and maintain nearly the highest
level of education, but there are still issues that need to be resolved even in developed
countries. There are three main problems: "dropouts and breaking geniuses," "educational
disparities caused by family economic status," and "extreme academic backgrounds". First, I
believe that the main cause of dropouts and breaking geniuses is the fact that classroom

teaching is the main educational style. This is because classes are designed to match theaverage pace of learning, so those who do not understand the content are left behind, andthose who have already mastered the subject matter ahead of time are forced to keep up with
their classmates. Both of these factors waste time and reduce motivation to learn. The main
reason why students are unable to keep up with their studies is not only because of the"classroom" style. Due to the economic disparity in families, children from families with low
incomes are unable to spend other expenses on education, such as tuition and school lunches,causing the learning gap to widen as they lack the funds for necessary materials compared tothe children around them. This is not the only problem. As described earlier, the "extreme
educational background" is also a problem. Why does this happen? Companies use education
as an indicator to judge a person. So how is it used? Suppose there are 10,000 applicants.
Companies, of course, do not have the time to review the resumes of all applicants in detail.
At that time, they need an indicator to determine whether a person is a good candidate or not,and they will decide whether to accept or reject the applicant within that indicator. Manycompanies use "educational background" as an indicator. Why? The answer is quite simple: itproves that a person has the academic ability to be accepted to a university and is capable ofhard work. However, this way of deciding is not a good way to go because there are events
that can cause a high school graduate to miss out on the best and brightest. Therefore, it isobvious that the academic society is also one social problem.
Considerations on the Challenges
Many of the problems in developing and developed countries can be attributed to theireducational styles. Currently, the mainstream educational style is the "classroom style," inwhich one teacher lectures to multiple students. In fact, this seemingly harmless style ofeducation has caused most of the problems I mentioned in "Issues to be Solved in Research".
There are three main elements that are necessary for "classroom-style" education: thestudents, the school, and the teacher. There are a number of issues that lie in the process of
putting all of these in place, and even after they are in place.
First, let's talk about "students". In developing countries, it is not easy to get an opportunity
to get an education due to the need to secure living resources. What about developed
countries? In some religions, women are not allowed to receive education. Some students
work instead of education because they cannot afford to pay school fees. Then there is"location". It costs a fortune to build and maintain a school. It costs at least a billion dollars tobuild a school, and annual maintenance costs are added on top of that, so it costs a lot toprovide a single location. Finally, there are "teachers". In developing countries, the number ofeducated people is small, resulting in a shortage of teachers. Even in developed countries,
although the number of teachers themselves is sufficient, the labor costs of hiring teachers are
immeasurable.
Furthermore, even with these three factors in place, there are still challenges. The challenge
is "consistency in learning progression". If everyone takes the same class at the same time
and with the same level of difficulty, those who are slow learners relative to their peers will
have trouble keeping up, and those who learn quickly will find the class boring.

3 Conclusion
What reforms, then, would solve the challenges listed in 2? I propose an educational systemthat would solve most of these issues. It is to "impose an obligation on each country to
introduce international on-demand class sites (hereinafter referred to as "IOCS"), which
would be managed by the educational institutions in each country, and furthermore, UN
member states would be obliged to make their education available and fulfill the obligation".
What exactly is international on-demand teaching? It is a collection of video lessons posted
on YouTube and published in one place. Specifically, in order to have class videos posted on
YouTube posted on IOCS, video contributors indicate their requests for posting to
educational institutions in their countries, and if approved by the educational institutions intheir countries, the videos are posted on IOCS. Then, based on the evaluation of the video
posted on IOCS, the educational institution in each country will give an appropriate salary to
the video contributor. In addition, for students who have new questions that cannot be solvedin the video lessons, a chat room will be set up for students to share and solve their questions
in real time with other students in the field of study. In the following section, we will discussin detail the issues that can be solved by introducing such a site.
In the case of the traditional education system of "face-to-face classes," the three elementsof "student," "place," and "teacher" must be provided by the government to make it work. In
the case of IOCS, however, the government only needs to provide "electric power
infrastructure" and "personal computers. If the government establishes an income system forcontributors based on various perspectives, such as the number of views and high rating rate,
it is expected that the number of contributors will automatically increase through advertisingincome without the government having to arrange teachers. Furthermore, it is expected thatthe number of students who fail to keep up with their studies will be reduced because of theindividualized and optimized learning system that allows students to view lessons at theirown pace.
*According to FSI, a foreign language study period affiliated with the U.S. Department ofState, it takes 2,200 hours for a non-native English speaker to master English.
4 Reference［Books］
Akira Ikegami / Masaru Sato "Kyoiku Gekijo" Chuokoron Shinsha (April 6, 2019)
Toshiya Yoshimi and Takehiko Kariya, "Universities Are Already Dead? Raising Issues fromTop Universities," Shueisha (January 17, 2020)
Eiichi Aoki, "Monbukagakusho: Shaking Japanese Education and Academia," Chuokoron
Shinsha (March 20, 2021)
Kou Ninomiya,"Sekai no Gakko, from Education System to Everyday School Scenery,"Gakki Shuppan (December 24, 2013) (in Japanese)

MEXT "Elementary and Secondary Education in Other Countries" Akashi Shoten (releasedon 2016/4/11)［Website]
Why Africa Needs Education Support - Japan UNICEF
https://www.unicef.or.jp/sfa/report/reason.html
Initiative for Industrial Human Resource Development for Africa's Youth
https://www.jica.go.jp/africahiroba/business/detail/03/index.html
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
https://www.mext.go.jp/unesco/004/1339970.htm#EducationCan: Sustainable development begins with education (posted 3/24/2015)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OdP7bYe5wk
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology White Paper FY2020 Part 2:
Trends and Developments in Qiqiang, Science and Technology Policies Reference Material
https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20210811-mxt_soseisk01-000016965_3-1.pdf
Secondary schools reopen in Afghanistan, but girls not called - BBC
https://www.bbc.com/japanese/58607255［Articles］
Shigeta, Katsusuke, "Flipped Classroom: Progress in Educational Reform through ICT"(2014)
Saburo Minato and Makoto Hamada, "Does the Platonic view of mathematics guarantee
children's independent learning?"(1994 Journal of the Japanese Society for Mathematics
Education)

How to reduce the space debris~No accidents in outer space~
5312 Kazuki Kobayashi
Abstract
Do you know what “the space debris” is? It may be an unfamiliar word to you, but
actually it has become a serious problem recently. There are various sizes in space debris andthey exist a lot. In fact, the probability of collision between space debris and the rocket which
was launched is more than 10 percent. Moreover, if the situation becomes worse, it will bethought that space debris will crash into the communications satellite or meteorologicalsatellite. Then, I decided to start the research in order to reduce the space debris.
The conclusion of this research is that to make the space debris collide with the massof metal. That is to say, if space debris is absorbed into the mass of metal, the number of
space debris will be decreased.
1. Introduction
Today, the problem of space debris has become very serious. In general, this problem
can be divided into two parts.
First, space debris can make our lives inconvenient. They are moving incredibly fast,
so if they collide with some satellites which are indispensable for our lives, functions ofsatellites will not work.

Figure 1: The dissemination of space debris (JAXA)The immense amounts of yellow dots that cover up the Earth indicate the allocation of
space debris. Space debris are predominantly composed of wreckage of rockets, and theyvary in size. The places which are crowded with space debris can be classified into threeparts; altitude 700 ~ 1000 km, 20000 km, 36000 km. There are Earth Observation Satellite,
GPS Satellite, Communication Satellite, and Weather Eye in each place. We will not be able
to use map functions in a smartphone and to gain information about weather conditions if
they stop working.
Second, space debris can have an influence on the project of developing outer spacethat has been promoted lately. Nowadays, it is often said that the probability of collision
between rockets and orbital debris on the trajectory of rockets is more than 10 %. Moreover,
Donald J Kessler, who was a researcher of NASA announced the Kessler Syndrome in the
1970s. The Kessler Syndrome is a theory that when the density of space debris exceeds acertain value, space debris begins to collide with each other, creating even smaller spacedebris. In other words, if space debris is not collected, it will continue to increase and space
exploration will become almost impossible.
For the above problems, we must eliminate the space debris as quickly as possible.
The precedent case of tackling to remove space debris can be given an example,“Guideline for reduction of space debris” by UN Committee On the Peaceful Uses of Outer
Space (UNCOPUOS). This guideline implies principles for not to increase the amount ofdebris as we can, such as curtailment of debris that were emitted in ordinary phase and quick
return of the shuttle which made missions succeed.
Nowadays, Japanese enterprises have also been combating this problem. In 2021,“ELSA-d”, a satellite for experimenting to get rid of debris which was produced in
Astroscale, was launched. The way to remove them is so intriguing, which is to grab debris
from behind softly.
Like this, various companies and groups are taking a lot of measures to reduce debris.
In my research, I want to suggest a new counter-plan.
The methods of my research are as follows.
[1] Seize the situation of dissemination of space debris by examining the spot where debris
is intensive.
[2] Investigate the speed of debris and suggest ways of reduction from the point of the kinetic
energy and thermal energy.

2. Discussion and implications
The following graph was announced by NASA. This is the graph that collected thetransition of gross debris and main accidents in outer space.

Figure 2: Transition of gross numbers of orbital debris in outer space (NASA)
This shows that if huge airframes collide with each other, of course, the amount ofdebris keeps increasing. Therefore, the world is trying to manufacture fuselages as strong as
possible. Now, one method I would suggest for reducing space debris would be to crash thespace debris into a huge chunk of metal. Then, I need the metal which has heat-resisting
properties and high density. The metal I would suggest is Tantalum, Tungsten and Rhenium.
Now, simulate how much size is needed for each metal.
The size of the debris supposed to be collected is 10^3 cm^3. The painting and tank ofrockets is composed of aluminum alloy, so the space debris is supposed to consist ofaluminum alloy. Then, assume the density of the aluminum alloy is 2.8 mg/cm^3 and thevelocity is 8.0 km/s. The mass of the space junk is 2.8*10^3 mg = 2.8*10^-3 kg, so thekinetic energy of debris is ½*2.8*10^-3*8.0^2*3.6^2*10^6=1161.216*10^3 J = 1161 kJ[1] Tantalum
The heat of fusion of Tantalum is 36.57 kJ/mol, so the amount of heat produced by 10
debris impacts is 11,610 kJ, and Tantalum needs 317 mol. Since the molar mass of Tantalum

is 180.9 g/mol, the mass of Tantalum required is 180.9*317 = 57,431 g = 57.431 kg. Since
the purchase price of Tantalum currently is about 14,000 yen per kg, the cost approximately
14,000*57.431 = 804,034 JPY.
[2] Tungsten
The heat of fusion of Tungsten is 35.3 kJ/mol, so the amount of heat produced by 10
debris impacts is 11,610 kJ, and Tungsten needs 329 mol. Since the molar mass of Tungsten
is 183.8 g/mol, the mass of Tungsten required is 183.8*329 = 60,470 g = 60.470 kg. Since thepurchase price of Tungsten currently is about 7,000 yen per kg, the cost approximately
7,000*60.470 = 423,290 JPY.
[3] Rhenium
The heat of fusion of Rhenium is 60.43 kJ/mol, so the amount of heat produced by 10
debris impacts is 11,610 kJ, and Rhenium needs 192 mol. Since the molar mass of Rhenium
is 186.2 g/mol, the mass of Rhenium required is 186.2*192 = 2,234 g = 2.234 kg. Since thepurchase price of Rhenium currently is about 30,000 dollars per kg (4,374,600 JPY), the cost
approximately 4,374,600*2.234 = 9,772,856 JPY.
From the above simulations, I consider the best metal is Tungsten.
3. Conclusion
The purpose of my research is to present a method for reducing the space debris thatis increasing recently, and the answer to this purpose is to produce the mass of Tungsten, as
described in “Discussion and implications”. Tungsten has a very high melting point, which isa representative refractory of metal. The issues for future research are to search companies
that would support this proposal and to conduct experiments in outer space with more precise
simulations. My research takes place in a big scale area of space, so it is not easy to solve, but
I hope that we will be able to get closer to a solution by cooperating with various companies.
4. References
・https://stage.tksc.jaxa.jp/ 「国連宇宙空間平和利用委員会スペースデブリ低減ガイドライン」Last view: 2022/07/07
・https://kotobank.jp/word/ 「ケスラーシンドロームとは？」Last view: 2022/10/03
・https://sdgs.yahoo.co.jp/ 「宇宙ゴミ回収に挑む、日本人起業家の奮闘」Last view:2022/10/03

Promoting Care Prevention~Supporting Independence for the Elderly from a Sports Aspect~
5313 Hotaka Kobayashi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to reduce the increase in the number of people requiringlong-term care, and we will research ways to reduce the increase.As for the frequency andduration of exercise, the target is to engage in physical activity, including strength training
and sports, for at least 60 minutes a day for those aged 18 to 64, and at least 40 minutes a day
for those aged 65 and older.The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) is currently
implementing a policy on physical activity by the government. One problem with thisinitiative is that it is currently only a paper-based survey. This does not provide accurate
information. We have come up with a system to determine the actual behavior of theparticipants, rather than a written survey. We also came up with a system that would allow
participants to continue and improve on the recommended exercise regimen. However, there
are problems with this plan as well. Those problems are supervision and funding. As
mentioned earlier, there is currently a shortage of caregivers. As a result, it is difficult tosecure personnel to conduct the tests. Supervisors would still prefer to be people in thenursing, exercise, and medical fields with a certain level of knowledge. It is also necessary toconsider what form this proposal, if approved, would take.
1. introduction
The declining birthrate and aging population have become major problems in the world. In
European countries in particular, the aging of society is becoming more serious, as is the casein Japan. A typical occupation that is inevitably burdened by the aging of society is the
caregiver. Generally speaking, the target population of caregivers is the elderly. As the
population ages, the number of caregivers will inevitably increase. In the nursing care world,
the elderly are divided into four groups: general elderly, specific elderly, those in need ofsupport, and those in need of care. The assumption is that those in need of support and thosein need of nursing care are generally receiving nursing care support. In the case of Japan, thenumber of people requiring nursing care is increasing every year, and it is estimated that there
will be a shortage of about 380,000 nursing care workers by 2025. I wondered if there is any

way to solve this problem, because if this situation continues, a negative spiral may occur, inwhich Japanese caregivers' work will become more difficult than it is now and they will quit
caregiving. Independence support is necessary to prevent the level of care required fromadvancing. We thought that care prevention activities would be the best way to support
independence. Care prevention can be applied to exercise and sports. The ultimate goal ofthis study is to reduce the increase in the number of people requiring long-term care, and wewill research ways to reduce the increase. Since I like exercise and sports, I decided toresearch care prevention in terms of sports and exercise.
Also, since the current situation in Japan is, to put it bluntly, the worst in the world, I thoughtthat if I could solve the problem in Japan, I could naturally solve the problem in the world.
2. Research Methods
Basic information on long-term care prevention was found in materials from the Ministry of
Health, Labor, and Welfare and other ministries and agencies.
Formulate hypotheses of possible solutions based on current issues and research on how tosolve them.
(Eventually, we will be able to propose some kind of plan.)
3. Results of research
Accoding toThe Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) 2.53 million care
workers are needed in 2025. However, under current conditions, only 2.15 million caregivers
are expected to be available. The difference is 377,000 people, making a chronic shortage ofnursing care workers a problem. Caregiving is the process of caring for the elderly and sickand assisting them in their daily lives, and those who receive care are called "those in need ofcare. The current situation is a shortage of nursing care workers. As for the causes of people
needing nursing care, the top causes of people aged 65 and over needing nursing care are,from the first, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, debility due to old age, senility, and frailty.
Care required due to debility increases with age, with 16.6% of those aged 75 and older
requiring care in the later stages of life, and furthermore, it is the number one cause of carerequired by those aged 85 and older, accounting for 25.6% of all care required. Frailty, one of
the causes of those requiring long-term care, is defined as when three or more of thefollowing five conditions are met: (1) poor nutrition, (2) poor physical ability, (3) poor
muscle strength, (4) poor depression/activity, and (5) poor daily activities, and early detection
can prevent a person from requiring long-term care. For this reason, it is important to detectthe frail state early and to respond to it. The Center for Medical Education has published anarticle that states, in part, "Nutrition, moderate exercise, and adequate communication withothers in society are the keys to preventing the elderly from needing nursing care. In otherwords, through exercise, we can help people to avoid the need for new care. In other words,
exercise may reduce the number of people who need new caregivers. This would also lead toan improvement in the shortage of caregivers.
As for the frequency and duration of exercise, the target is to engage in physical activity,
including strength training and sports, for at least 60 minutes a day for those aged 18 to 64,
and at least 40 minutes a day for those aged 65 and older.
(From the website of the Longevity Science Foundation)
4. Conclusion, Discussion and Future Prospects
MHLW has a physical activity policy that is currently being implemented by thegovernment.
The figure on the right briefly summarizes these efforts.
The figure on the right is a brief summary of this initiative. One problem with this initiative isthat it is currently a paper-based survey only. This makes it impossible to get an accurate
picture.
Therefore, I have come up with a system to judge the participants by actually seeing them inaction, rather than by a written questionnaire, as shown in the figure below. I also came up
with a system that would allow the participants to continue with the recommended exercise
regimen and improve it. However, this plan also has its problems. The problems aresupervision and funding.
As mentioned previously, there is currently a shortage of caregivers. Therefore, it is difficult
to secure personnel to conduct the test. Supervisors would still prefer to be from the nursing
care, exercise, or medical fields who have a certain level of knowledge. We also need toconsider what form it would take if this proposal were to be approved.
5. CITATIONS AND REFERENCES
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (2019) Statistical Topics.
Available from: https://www.stat.go.jp/data/topics/topi1211.html
April 15, 2020

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Welfare and Long-Term Care To all caregivers who
have left their jobs - Information on the Reemployment Reserve Fund.
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000188098.html
April 15, 2020
Nursing Care Work Institute (2019) Will the shortage problem of nursing care workers be
solved by 2025?
Kaigo-shigoto.com.
April 25, 2020
JOINT Nursing Care News Site (2018) Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare Considering
Framework for Cooperation with Gyms in Care Prevention, Aiming to Strengthen "Places for
Passing Time".
https://headlines.joint-kaigo.com/article-8/pg1130.html
April 25, 2020
Central Sports: Care Prevention and Support for the Elderly (2017) Knowledge andExperience of Sports Clubs
Care prevention program utilizing knowledge and experience of sports clubs
https://business.central.co.jp/care/
April 25, 2020
Iida Women's Junior College (2007) Let's learn about care prevention exercise.
http://www.iidawjc.ac.jp/?p=17
April 25, 2020
Health and Longevity Net
https://www.tyojyu.or.jp/net/index.html
April 21, 2021
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Active Guide
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/2r9852000002xple-att/2r9852000002xpr1.pdf
Jul. 02, 2021

Leather products cause environmental problems~reduce the bad influence of leather industry~
5314 sato taichi
1.abstract
I started to research this theme because I was interested in leather products and I use
them every day .For example ,my pen case, bag, clothes and shoes and so on . like this we use
leather products a lot without realizing it . Then I saw an article that showed the influence forour nature and society . It causes a lot of environmental problems in developing countries, forexample Bangladesh .I decided to search about the environmental problems in Bangladesh .inthat country there wasn't a severe rules for environmental problems in leather industry by theway the things which is bad for environment are the pollution substance when the factory
make the animal skin get to be able to used as a materials this process is called tanning.tanning is divided to two kinds and they are the one from plants and metal . The plant one is
not bad for the environment but the metal one is.especially chromium is used mainly then thehexavalent chromium which is not dealt with in the company is terribly bad for theenvironment there are other bad stuff but it is the main one .
I'd like to solve this problem to use the products comfortably .I suggest that Bangladesh makea rule for making leather products or not to use chromium tanning .Then they cost a lot so thedeveloped country has to support the developing country in the money part. Then I'll write
down the circumstances in Bangladesh and how to make the leather industry in Bangladesh
better.
2.discussion and complication
A parliamentary committee is urging Bangladesh's government to shut down tanneries
that are dumping waste into a river in the dhaka suburb of Savar because a Chinese built
waste treatment plant is not operating properly. the tanneries have been dumping large
amounts of chromium a heavy mental used in the production of Lawhide into the
Dhaleshwari river according to an investigation by the parliamentary standing committee on
environment and climate change .
at least 15,000 cubic meters of wasted water goes into the Dhaleshwari river each day. The
chromium goes straight into the Dhaleshwari river , putting the environment and people ingreat danger . It's a difficult problem to solve because leather and leather goods are what they
depend on as export products . and they almost only have the leather company for living andmaking money . It's so important for the country .Then they can't reduce the number ofleather products or make severe rules to make products.

This is the picture of the workers wasting chromium or leather in the river . the amount seems
to be a lot.they can waste the stuff because there are not severe rules I guess so I'd like tomake new rules.
By the way, what is tanning? It's the process of making animal skin be able to be used as amaterial for leather products.

Like this picture ,chromium tanning is mainly used in Bangladesh .They get the chromium toabsorb into the leather and the leather gets to be strong for water or decay .
I have two ideas to solve this leather problem . First, I'd like to make new rules in Bangladesh.I think to make severe rules is the best way to reduce the number of chromium tanning but
it's difficult for the country because they make money only from the leather industry.then I
came up with an idea that the country which import the leather products support the industry
in bangladesh .to do so bangladesh can make leather products without the pollution and thedeveloped country can import the safe leather from bangladesh.
Second, I think changing the way you tan the leather is one good way to solve the problems.
For example, the plant tanning is good for the environment but it costs a lot then as I said thedeveloped country supports bangladesh to give money to tan .or using these ideas make theleather industry better .
3.conclusion
in my opinion I have two ideas to solve this problem .first bangladesh have to make asevere rules to reduce the number of the use of chromium tanning .but it costs a lot then thedeveloped country which import the leather products from bangladesh have to support thebangladesh leather country in the money part .second I suggest that bangladesh dont use
chromium to tan the leather but use stuff from plants or nature .it also costs a lot but then thedeveloped country have to support them .

Guidance on the use of benzos in the treatment of theft~The role of social workers in effective use and addiction prevention ~5315 Mizuki Shibusawa○ Abstract
I have spent a year researching what support could be provided to people imprisoned fortheft while they are in prison in order to help them find employment after their release. I came up
with a solution to this problem: social workers could be employed by the state as civil servants andstationed in prisons. When working in prisons, social workers are people who provide guidance on
the attitude to life and consultation on how to build successful relationships with people who areserving their sentences. In this case, we would like to employ a large number of people once asprovisional recruits, and then after training, we would like to employ them on a full time basis. By
recruiting people on a probationary basis, it will be easier to attract people to Chile, which lags
behind developed countries in terms of educational institutions, and ensure that the necessary skills
are imparted. From a financial point of view, we know from the stable economic situation in Chilethat it is likely to be possible to continue the project once it is realized, so we would like to discuss
the process required to reach that point, in other words, what financial resources are needed andhow to define the qualifications to be recognised as a social worker when it is institutionalized. We
would like to make this an issue to be addressed in the future. We are currently considering the roleof social workers in the use of benzodiazepines in the treatment of kleptomania.
1 Introduction
According to the 'Relationship between unemployment and crime rates: time series andprefecture-specific panel analysis', a positive cointegration relationship between crime rates andunemployment rates is observed for theft offenses. In addition, my personal image was theawareness that people with a criminal record were less likely to find employment. In fact, in Chile,
there are a very large number of young people who commit theft out of poverty and, after being
released from prison, are unable to find decent work and end up re-offending. In light of thissituation, we decided on the theme because we felt that there was a lack of support for those who
had once atoned for their crimes and were trying to move on. In the course of our research, we
found that many countries were actively providing support after release from prison, but few
countries could be said to provide sufficient guidance on building vocational skills and humanrelations in prison. Therefore, the present study focused on the support that can be provided while inprison. In the process, we learned that some people who repeatedly commit theft suffer from acondition called kleptomania. Kleptomania is a dependence on theft and refers to a state ofdependence on the act of stealing itself. The use of benzodiazepines, which are used to treat various
psychiatric disorders, was thought to be an effective treatment for this condition. However,benzodiazepines are drugs with strong withdrawal symptoms, so caution should be exercised. Much
research has also been conducted on ways to break free from benzodiazepine dependence.

2 Discussion and implications(From Chilean Police Statistics)
The graph above shows the percentage of people arrested in Chile in 2019 for each offense
by month. It can be seen that in most months, 'Hurto', meaning theft, accounted for half of allarrests.

(Compiled from the Meiji University database).
This graph shows the number of thefts per 100 000 population. The yellow items are for developing
countries and the blue items are for developed countries. Compared to Paraguay, which is also adeveloped country, Chile has about 1.5 times as many thefts as Paraguay, Belarus has about 2.2
times as many as Belarus and Japan, which is a developed country, has about three times as many asJapan. We have not been able to survey all the literature on initiatives in developed countries, so
this may not be the whole story, but we have considered two main initiatives: the first is the systemof daytime outings and work experience introduced in Denmark, and the second is the system of
daytime outings and work experience introduced in the US and Europe. The second is the system
introduced in Western countries where social workers are stationed at probation centers. The first,
the daytime work experience system, allows people who have committed relatively minor crimes,
such as theft, to go outside the probation center during the day and learn the occupational skills they
will need for life after release. Although the system was considered groundbreaking immediately
after its introduction, there were constant complaints from the neighborhood as people broke theprohibition and drank alcohol while out and committed crimes again, and measures to strengthen
control were still being considered. (Okabe, 2013) As the initiative had failed to control the
behavior of prisoners in developed countries, it was deemed difficult to introduce in developing
countries. The second social worker was then considered. As we "support ex-prisoners in finding
employment, we need to promote research and studies focusing on social workers." (Takikawa,2018) Social workers, as the name suggests, are social work professionals. According to theJapanese Association of Social Workers, 'Social work is a practice-based profession and disciplinethat promotes social change and social development, social cohesion, and the empowerment andliberation of people. The principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility andrespect for diversity are at the core of social work. Building on social work theory, the social
sciences, the humanities and local and ethnic-specific knowledge, social work works with people
and different structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing". Currently, expatriatesocial workers have been introduced in Germany and Switzerland, and they provide consultationand guidance on how to facilitate life attitudes and relationships. (Washino, 2019) Next, weconsidered new initiatives to be introduced in developing countries based on initiatives indeveloped countries. The study focused on Chile, where crime statistics and other data are easier toobtain. In examining the two initiatives, it was decided that the introduction of social workers
would be effective, given their high feasibility and low risk. The reason for the form of employment
by the state as a civil servant was to reduce the costs of setting up a social worker's office. Manysocial workers belong to social worker offices and are dispatched to work from there, others workfor public institutions as civil servants, and still others are freelance and work on various jobs (from
Career Garden). We therefore tried to gather information about social worker offices in Chile, buteither there were no offices themselves or we could not find any information. Therefore, we
considered the case that there is no office. If there is no office, there are three options: setting up a
new office, hiring a civil servant or finding a freelancer. The establishment of a new office wasabandoned due to cost issues and the fact that it is expected to take too long to get people together.
Freelancing was also considered insufficient as a conclusion, assuming that there are no freelancers
as there is no guarantee that there are actually people currently working as freelancers, although it
would be quickest if there is a guarantee that there are actually people who are working as
freelancers, but there are not always any. The last remaining option is for the state to hire them ascivil servants. If they are hired as civil servants, their employment status would be somewhat stable.
The problem here is where the wages would be paid from. According to the 'Chilean Consumer
Market Survey', the average monthly income of people in Chile was around 380,000 pesos (792.73
pesos to the dollar)

If we assume the same as in Japan, we would pay a monthly income of approximately 380,000+
pesos per person. We considered whether the country could continue to pay such a high wage.
When we looked at the economic situation in Chile, data from Mitsubishi UFJ Research andConsulting showed that the economic situation is currently stable in Chile.
Chart 2. Economic growth rates in Argentina, Brazil and Chile since 1990

This means that once they have a prospect of doing so with a wage, they will be able to provide
ongoing support. Next, regarding qualifications, we wanted to refer to the recruitment regulations
for social welfare specialists employed by the State as public servants in Japan. So we looked into it
and found that (1) the applicant must be qualified as a social worker, (2) the applicant must havecompleted a master's course related to social welfare studies at a welfare-related university or auniversity with welfare-related faculties or departments, or be recognised as having equivalentacademic ability, and (3) the applicant must have social (3) Educational experience in social welfare(experience as a teacher at a university [including graduate and junior college] or professional
training college) or equivalent ability (4) A considerable number of research achievements in social
welfare, including articles and research reports from a wide range of perspectives. (From the
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare website) This makes it difficult to attract people and evenrequires educational institutions to produce people with such qualifications. As we could not findinformation on the current level of educational institutions for qualification in Chile, we decided
that it would be dangerous to assume that there are currently educational institutions. Therefore,
when recruiting people to become social workers, we considered a form of temporary employment,
in which people would once undergo training set up by the state, and those who had completed thetraining would be hired as social workers. This way, the State can know which people are capableand how capable they are, and there is no need to create a new school or qualification system.
Further investigation revealed that some repeat thieves have a condition known as 'kleptomania'.
Kleptomania is (i) a recurrent inability to resist the urge to steal things, not for personal use or for
their monetary value, (ii) a heightened sense of tension immediately before committing the theft,(iii) a sense of pleasure, satisfaction or release when committing the theft, (iv) the stealing is not an
expression of anger or retribution (5) The stealing is not a response to anger or retribution, nor todelusions or hallucinations (6) The stealing is a symptom that is not well explained by a

predisposition, manic episode or antisocial personality disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) is now the main method of treatment. Cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy aretypes of psychotherapy (psychotherapy) that work on cognition to help people feel better. Cognition
here refers to the way we receive and think about things. When stressed, people tend to thinkpessimistically, which puts them in a state of mind where they cannot solve problems, but cognitive
therapy aims to balance such thinking and create a state of mind that can cope better with stress.
The specific ways in which they do this are. (1) Understand the patient as a person, identify his/her
problems, issues, strengths and strengths, formulate a treatment plan, share it with the patient andproceed with the interview while working together. (2) Use behavioral techniques to develop arhythm of life. One method is behavioral activation, which involves looking back on daily life andprioritizing, in a reasonable way, (a) the fixed activities that are performed on a daily basis, (b)activities that need to be given priority and (c) activities that are enjoyable and rewarding. In
particular, increasing the number of activities that are enjoyable and rewarding is effective. In
addition, certain physical activities and exercises are used to regain confidence and a sense ofcontrol, to have experiences of interacting with others, and to solve problems that may be affecting
symptoms using problem-solving techniques, thereby increasing adaptability. (3) Correct cognitive
biases by focusing on automatic thoughts and examining their evidence and counter-evidence.
Books and the web may be used at this point. Some kleptomaniacs feel that no one else has thesame problem. In many cases they do not consider their behavior to be a disease. Explaining thatkleptomania is treatable and providing patients with educational books, self-help groups andinformation and support is a common approach. Withdrawal symptoms of benzodiazepines are
extremely varied. Anxiety, irritability, insomnia, flu-like symptoms, tremor, various sensory
abnormalities, impaired concentration and many other symptoms, as well as convulsive seizures,
hallucinations and delusions are present in a small number. They are difficult to distinguish from thesymptoms of the primary disease. It is important to remember that if any symptoms appear
relatively quickly (often within one or two weeks) after a reduction or discontinuation of BZDs,
withdrawal symptoms should be the first thing to come to mind. And if symptoms improve quickly
after returning BZDs that have been reduced or discontinued, the likelihood of withdrawal
symptoms increases further. If doctors do not recognise withdrawal symptoms as withdrawal
symptoms, they may label them as 'worsening of the primary illness', 'somatisation' or 'indefinite
complaints' and leave them unaddressed appropriately, and patients may think that they haveworsened after stopping the medication. They think that they are not yet cured. When withdrawal
symptoms are not recognised by doctors and symptoms do not improve, patients may turn to theinternet for solutions. There is an abundance of information on the internet, some of which is hostile
to medical treatment itself. As a result, patients may lose faith in their doctors, leading not only to abreakdown of the relationship, but also to a distrust of healthcare as a whole. Withdrawal symptoms
are a negative aspect of medicine, including a history of neglect, and require a very sensitive
response.

https://www.igaku-shoin.co.jp/paper/archive/y2016/PA03197_03 2022/09/26
Dependence on benzodiazepines is formed as follows. Benzodiazepines act on GABAA receptors
and de-repress GABAergic nerves, thereby activating dopaminergic nerves and increasing
dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Down-regulation of dopamine receptors as a feedback
response in the organism following abnormal excitation of dopamine signaling = reduction in thenumber of receptors. Dopamine signaling is deficient due to receptor depletion, forming drug
cravings = psychological dependence.
(see diagram below)

https://www.phamnote.com/2017/10/blog-post_11.html 2022/09/26
Benzodiazepines are often used as anti-anxiety drugs. They are also often used as sleeping pills, andmost vehicles taking them are patients with psychiatric disorders. (see diagram below)

One of the characteristics of benzodiazepines is that dependence is often formed simply by taking
doses within insurance coverage without abuse. To prevent this, it is considered necessary tointerview patients about the effects of the drug and prescribe as little as possible, even if it iscovered by insurance.

3 Conclusion
The conclusion I have come to is that social workers should be employed by the state as
civil servants and stationed in prisons. In doing so, I would like to hire a large number of people
once as provisional recruits, and after training they would be hired on a permanent basis. From afinancial point of view, we know from the stable economic situation in Chile that it is likely to bepossible to continue the project once it is realized, so the process required to get to that point is an
issue for the future. There are two main things to consider. How to finance the project and, ininstitutionalizing it, how to define the qualifications to be recognised as a social worker. With
regard to qualifications, various issues remain, such as what the training content should be, whether
an examination should be set up, and what the recruitment criteria should be for provisional
employment. If the standards are too loose, it will take too much effort to train people, and if thestandards are too strict, it may not be possible to attract people. Therefore, we will consider in the
future how far we can compromise. There is also uncertainty about whether the government will
educate people after they have been hired with some standards, and what conditions they will thenhave to meet before they can be officially hired. Ideally, we would like to make the conditions sothat they meet the recruitment regulations for social workers employed in developed countries, but
we also think that it may be difficult to make them too strict from the start. We also need to think
about how we would treat this recruitment. As for financial resources, we have no idea where westand at the moment, so we will think about it in the future. We think crowdfunding will be difficult
because we will need money as a nation. Although there are still many crowdfunding websites that
aim to support developing countries, it is difficult to find a form of crowdfunding where a statesolicits funds for a specific country. The country of Chile also thought that it would be difficult for astate to recruit through crowdfunding, although crowdfunding is an easy way to obtain funds. We
also considered issuing government bonds, but concluded that green bond bonds are currently
popular in Chile and that government bonds with unclear objectives might not attract popularity.
Expertise in both funding and qualifications is likely to be required, so we will be asking forexperts' opinions as we consider this in the future.
In terms of the educational content to be provided to social workers, we are considering educatingthem on basic knowledge about benzodiazepines, how to take them to avoid dependency, what
symptoms are suspected to be dependency, and communication skills to be a good person to consult
with. Thorough education is necessary when using benzodiazepines for the treatment of
kleptomania, as they play a role that cannot be played by doctors.
4 References
Employment support to prevent recidivism 45 years of employing ex-prisoners : Sapporo's North

Pacific Construction Co.
Guidance on prevention of recidivism (theft) Journal of Penal Administration 120(5) (full issue1403) 2009.5 p.102-108
A study of recidivism prevention education for theft offenders Journal of Addiction & Family :Japanese journal of addiction & family : Journal of the Japanese Society for Addictive Behavior /Institute for Family Functioning ed. 27(4), 2011.6 p.323-331
Measures to protect children from crime (2010).
<https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/hanzai/dai16/siryou5_2.pdf> (2 May 2021)
A Study on the Reintegration of Offenders into Society: Focusing on the Continuity from
Correctional Institutions to Social Life -Published in Bulletin Toyo University Graduate School of
Bulletin: Sociology and Welfare Society 2012 p.163-182
Trends in Danish efforts to rehabilitate offenders: Implications for Japan Journal of Publication
Overseas social security research = The review of comparative social security research / National
Institute of Social Security and Population Studies Institute ed. 183 2013 p.59-70
Kenji Takigawa (2018) 'A study on promotion and disincentive factors in the process towards life
independence based on employment for persons with mild intellectual disabilities who havecommitted crimes - Seeking suggestions for support measures' [A No. 68] (Kenji Takigawa)
Doctoral thesis text.pdf
Washino, A. (2019) 'The role of social workers in criminal justice - from initiatives in Japan,
Germany, France and Switzerland', Research Report of the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research.
Career Garden (2020) 'Types of work and working patterns of social workers'.
＜
https://careergarden.jp/socialworker/hatarakikata/#%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AE%E9%9B%87%E7%94%A8%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%81%BE%E3%81%
A8%E3%82%81>
Horie, M. (2014) 'The Current State of the Chilean Economy and Future Prospects: the Chilean
Economy, which shows a soundness and stability not unlike South America', Mitsubishi UFJ
Research and Consulting.
Education Career, "The average annual salary and salary of a social worker in the civil service isabout 5 million yen! Explained by gender and organization."
https://education-career.jp/magazine/data-report/2019/salary-social-worker/#:~:text=%E5%85%AC%E5%8B%99%E5%93%A1%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E5%83%8D%E3%81%8
4%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A6%8F%E7%A5%89%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%A8%E4%BD%93%E3%81%AE,%E7%B4%84504%E4%B8%87%

E5%86%86%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%80%82＞(1 December 2021)
JETRO, "Overview and basic information｜Chile".
<https://www.jetro.go.jp/world/cs_america/cl/basic_01.html>(1 December 2021)
Ootake, Fumio and Miki Obara, 'Relationship between unemployment rate and crime rate: timeseries and panel analysis by prefecture' Journal of Criminal Sociology 2010.9.10 p.54-71
INE 'ESTADÍSTICAS POLICIALES,2019'.
https://www.ncnp.go.jp/cbt/guidance/about
26/09/2022
https://nida.nih.gov/news-events/science-highlight/research-suggests-benzodiazepine-use-high-while-use-disorder-rates-are-low
26/09/2022

Sustainable Clothing Purchasing~Consumer Awareness ~5316 Nana Segawa
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine whether environmental labels have an
impact on purchasing behavior and to introduce a unified and effective environmental label inthe fashion industry. While environmental awareness is increasing, the fashion industry is anindustry with a large environmental burden, and although there is an increasing movement
toward environmentally friendly initiatives, only a few people are taking concrete steps toaddress this issue. What we focused on is one of the required initiatives, which is to giveinformation about production and environment when purchasing products. Environmental
labels play a role in conveying such information to consumers, but their influence onpurchasing behavior is small. Comparing Eco Mark, which has high recognition in Japan, andBlue Angel, which has high recognition worldwide, Eco Mark is less actively promoted.
However, the situation of increasing environmental awareness in the fashion industry is
consistent with the time when the Blue Angel system was launched. Therefore, we propose
the introduction of a unified environmental label by the Fashion Association of Japan anddifferentiation of products by the presence or absence of an environmental label.
1 . Introduction
Growing environmental awareness is self-evident: in 2020, Japan will charge forplastic bags and ethical thinking is on the rise. In addition, the SDGs, adopted by the United
Nations in 2015, are now being advocated by many companies.
In this context, the fashion industry is still an industry with a large environmental
impact. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the fashionindustry is the second largest environmental polluter. According to the Ministry ofEnvironment, the production of clothing each year emits about 90 million tons of carbon
dioxide, 45 tons of scrap materials, and consumes about 8.3 billion cubic meters of water.
This is equivalent to about 25.5 kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions and 2,300 liters ofwater consumption per piece of clothing, and about 180 million pieces of scrap wood andother materials. In addition to environmental problems, the fashion industry also causes labor
problems such as long working hours and low wages.
It is thought that the influence of fast fashion is the main reason why the industry has
become so environmentally burdensome. Fast fashion refers to apparel companies thatmass-produce clothing in a short period of time in accordance with fashion trends. Fastfashion has led many companies to engage in price competition, resulting in homogenizationof products. As the quality of the products declined, sales at the regular price becamesluggish, and the products were sold at a discounted price. A vicious cycle was created inwhich consumers stopped buying at regular prices because they expected discounted prices.
However, there is a new movement in the fashion industry to take environmentallyfriendly initiatives. For example, the Fashion Pact was created at the G7 summit in 2019. A
third of the world has joined the Fashion Pact and set targets against three issues: climate

change, biodiversity and ocean protection. There is also a #LowestWageChallenge campaign
against labour issues, which calls for the disclosure of minimum wages for workers.
However, only a small number of consumers are taking environmentally friendly
initiatives when it comes to fashion. According to the Ministry of the Environment, about
60% of people are interested in sustainable fashion, but less than 10% are taking concrete
steps. This is true only in Japan, but according to Greenindex (2012), the percentage of
people who think they are making green purchases, that is, selecting and buying items thathave the lowest possible environmental impact, is about 70% in some countries at best, but
the percentage of people who practice green purchasing does not vary greatly from country tocountry. The percentage of people who are doing green purchasing practices does not vary
greatly from one country to another. Therefore, it is thought that even in Europe and theUnited States, where people often have an image of environmentally friendly initiatives,
consumers' purchasing awareness is not so different from that in Japan.
This study aims to determine whether environmental labels have an impact onpurchasing behaviour; the NACS committee defines an environmental label as a product(product or service) that communicates environmental information about the product toconsumers through the product, its packaging and advertising. Environmental labels allow
consumers to judge the environmental impact of a product when they purchase it, so that
ethical consumption can be enabled by this indicator. One of the initiatives required by the
Ministry of the Environment is "to make information on the environmental impact andenvironmental considerations of products available at the time of purchase. However, wethought that environmental labels may not have much influence on purchasing behavior
because it is thought that environmental awareness is not so active when purchasing goods inmany countries.
The advantages and disadvantages of Eco Mark were examined, compared with othersuccessful environmental labels, and considered points to keep in mind when introducing
environmental labels in the fashion industry.
The Eco Mark is "an environmental label attached to various products (products andservices) that are recognized as having minimal environmental impact throughout their life
cycle, from production to disposal, and as being useful for environmental conservation. The
purpose of the label is "to promote the formation of a sustainable society through theselection of environmentally conscious products and the promotion of environmental
improvement efforts by related companies". We decided to investigate Eco Mark because it
has the highest recognition among Japanese environmental labels and we thought it would
have more influence on our purchasing behavior. It also has the advantage that it is inJapanese and easy to collect information. We collected information mainly throughquestionnaires conducted by the Eco Mark Office and the Consumer Affairs Agency.

2 Discussion and implications
The advantage of the Eco Mark is its high recognition, and the problem is that its
influence on purchasing behavior is small. According to the "Results of Survey on Image of
Eco Mark Labeling (Summary)," the awareness of Eco Mark is about 80%, which is fourtimes higher than other environmental labels. Nevertheless, according to the "Eco Mark
Recognition Survey Report", the highest percentage of respondents purchased Eco Marked
products without knowing that they were Eco Markedwhen they purchased them. In addition,
many people do not have a particular image of the Eco Mark.
Several factors contribute to the success of environmental labels. These include: easeof understanding by consumers, economic incentives, commemorative campaigns,
environmental awareness through the media, and boycotts of self-certified labeled products.
Of these, what Eco Mark lacks is an economic incentive.
The fashion industry is said to have a large environmental impact. According to theUnited Nations, the fashion industry is the second most polluting industry in the environment.
According to the Ministry of the Environment, about 60% of clothing given away in Japan is
disposed of or landfilled.
According to the CFP program, of the carbon dioxide emitted from the procurementof raw materials to the disposal of clothing, the carbon dioxide emitted from the procurement
and production of raw materials accounts for 60% of the total. This is quite bad for theenvironment in the midst of mass production and mass consumption. Currently, with the fast
fashion trend, the price per piece of clothing is decreasing and the short cycle of clothing is
also progressing.
I propose an initiative to put labels on
garments to prove that they areenvironmentally friendly products, and after
the garments have been worn for a few years,
the stores can buy them back to give themvalue.
This initiative addresses several
issues.
First, we will reduce theenvironmental impact of environmentallyfriendly production.
Second, it prolongs the cycle ofclothing by adding value to garments that have been worn for a number of years.
Third, collecting used clothing reduces the amount of clothing that is disposed of or
landfilled.
Fourth, the buy-back creates an "economic incentive" to encourage consumers topurchase environmentally labelled products.
In addition, stores that collect used clothing can secure repeat customers and improvetheir corporate image.

We also propose to differentiate between products with environmental labels andother products. There are two reasons.

One is to increase the value of firms with environmentally labeled products.
According to Gao and Ando (2017), Tobin's q of firms in the manufacturing industry that
produce products with environmental labels that require third-party certification tends to behigher than those that do not. Tobin's q is the value of a company as valued in the stock
market divided by its capital reacquisition price, and the higher the value, the more
worthwhile the investment. Gao and Ando (2017) consider this to be a factor of the pricepremium and the product being introduced. Price premium is the price that customers arewilling to pay extra for one product over another. However, in this case, energy consumption
efficiency is the reason for this, so we considered that there is no price premium for garmentswith environmental labels. He also said that products with environmental labels in the
manufacturing industry and their companies are introduced elsewhere. However, we have notseen any environmentally labeled products introduced in the apparel industry, so we did notthink this was another reason to increase Tobin's q for apparel companies.
The other reason is that consumers want products that are easy to recognize as having
an environmental label.
We believe that the best way to promote environmentally friendly products is tocreate a new environmental label under the Fashion Agreement. This is because the current
situation is in line with the situation when the BlueAngel environmental labeling system waslaunched. One of the challenges of introducing an environmental label in the Fashion
Agreement is that it assumes that no third party will confirm the environmental
considerations of fashion companies, so the environmental label becomes a self-certificationand its credibility is weakened. However, a third of the world's fashion companies, including
some of the biggest names in the industry, are participating in the Fashion Accord, which setstargets for climate change, biodiversity and ocean protection, and is actually having a positiveeffect. For example, 40-50% of the energy used by participating companies is now renewableenergy. Therefore, we believe that trust in existing companies and the fashion agreement
itself will help to alleviate distrust of environmental labels.

3 Conclusion
We propose to introduce environmental labels in fashion agreements and to buy usedclothes with them. In doing so, we also distinguish between products with and without
environmental labels.
4 References
United Nations Information Centre <https://www.unic.or.jp/> (2021/12/15)
Ministry of the Environment_Sustainable Fashion〈https://www.env.go.jp/policy/sustainable_fashion/〉 (2021/12/16)
NACS Environment Committee〈http://nacs.or.jp/kankyo/index.html〉(2021/12/16)
Eco Mark Office〈https://www.ecomark.jp/〉 (2021/12/22)

Japan Environment Association, Eco Mark Office, "Results of Survey on Image, etc.
concerning Eco Mark Labeling (Summary)," p2, Fig. 3〈https://www.ecomark.jp/pdf/2020shouhisha-report.pdf〉 (2021/12/22)
Japan Environment Association, Eco Mark Office, "Eco Mark Recognition Survey Report,"
p29 Fig. 2-25 p23 Fig. 2-19〈https://www.ecomark.jp/pdf/report2015.pdf〉 (2021/12/22)
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, "Analysis of Trends in International
Environmental Labeling Schemes"〈
https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/recycle/main/data/research/h18fy/180605-3_jema-mri/1806053_3.pdf〉 (2021/12/22) (2021/12/22)
Yasunori Gao and Makiko Nakano, "An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between
Environmental Labels and Corporate Value" (October 3, 2010)<https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sesj/30/2/30_300207/_pdf/-char/ja>.

The Marine Plastic Issue〜How to promote biodegradable plastics〜
ID 5317 Yua Takano
Abstract
I have been researching how to promote the use of biodegradable plastics, which
I have found to be effective in the recent problem of marine plastics.As a result, they
concluded that the first step to promote biodegradable plastics is saving and theneed to stabilize the income of each household.However, there are several issues
that must be resolved in order to use biodegradable plastics.There is currently only
one type of plastic in the ocean that can be degraded by microorganisms, and it isthought the fact that it is so valuable is what is causing these problems.The reasonsfor this are the high cost, the fakes in circulation, and the low strength of thecontainer.I will continue our research to solve those problems.
1.Introduction
As scientific developments have made our lives more convenient, plastic has
become an indispensable part of our lives.On the other hand, plastic waste
discharged into the ocean causes marine pollution and has a negative impact on theecosystem.Discharge of petroleum-based plastics into the ocean affects fish, whichlack the ability to digest the chemicals.Solving such a marine plastic problem isnecessary to protect the health of those of us who normally eat fish and otherseafood.And, I have always been interested in animal welfare and ecosystems.
That’s why I’ve decided to investigate.
Currently, prior research has identified the types and raw materials of
biodegradable plastics that are degraded by microorganisms in the ocean.However, I
could not find any studies that examined detailed issues such as low distribution
volume.
Recommend research mainly on the Internet, books, and otherliterature.However, the information in the literature is not always correct, so compare
several references to find information.
2.Discussion and Implications
Plastics in common use today are human-made compounds, and therefore have
low biodegradability, the property of being completely decomposed into carbon

dioxide and water by the action of microorganisms that exist in the natural
world.Therefore, if it is not decomposed by human hands, it will remain in the naturalenvironment.
Biodegradable plastics are generally defined as plastics that, after use, areeventually completely decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by the action ofnaturally occurring microorganisms.On the other hand, biomass plastics, which areeasy to mistake, are defined as plastics that are chemically or biologicallysynthesized from renewable biomass resources.Since biodegradable plastics focus
on functions related to degradability and biomass plastics focus on raw materials, thetwo do not always coincide. Therefore, biomass plastics, which are characterized by
the fact that they are made from biomass, a renewable resource, do not necessarily
have the function of biodegradability.
Also note that mixing biodegradable and conventional plastics will result in theloss of biodegradable functionality, as the biodegradable plastic will degrade while
the conventional plastic will not.

Figure: Organization of the terms biomass plastic, biodegradable plastic, andbioplastic
Source: Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.
Biodegradability depends on the environment. There are roughly three types ofenvironments in which biodegradability is evaluated: high temperature and humidity,
soil environment, and aqueous environment. Biodegradability in the aqueousenvironment is relevant to the microplastics issue, but only a small fraction, such as
PHBH (polyhydroxybutyrate/hydroxyhexanoate), is degraded in the aqueous
environment.

Figure: Biodegradability of each biodegradable plastic in hot, humid, soil and water
environments
Source: Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.
Currently, of the total amount of plastic produced in Japan (approximately 10
million tons per year), only about 2,300 tons (0.02%) is biodegradable plastic
distributed in Japan, and only a small amount is marine biodegradable plastic.
Another challenge is to ensure the reliability of the products. Due to highdevelopment costs, inexpensive products made from polyethylene are being
distributed around the world under the false pretense of being "marine biodegradable
plastic. The problem is that the fake products do not decompose into water andcarbon dioxide even if they decompose until they lose their shape, becoming
microplastics. It is necessary to establish a global system to properly distinguishbetween such so-called "imperfect" marine biodegradable plastics and "legitimate"marine biodegradable plastics, which are degraded to water and carbon dioxide bymicroorganisms, and to certify them based on a correct evaluation.
In Japan, products made from biodegradable plastics can be labeled through an
examination by the Japan BioPlastics Association.

Figure: Certification labels given to products that have been audited and passed by
the Japan BioPlastics Association
Source: SUSTERRAOther problems are that biodegradable plastics are made on the assumption thatthey will biodegrade, so they are not strong enough to be used as containers. And
the stronger they are made, the longer it takes for them to biodegrade. Therefore,
they are used for products that are supposed to be consumed and discarded
immediately, such as fishing line, for example, but cannot be used for products thatare supposed to be used for a long time.
3.Conclusion
I thought that in order to promote biodegradable plastics, it is important tostabilize the world economy and income. This is because in a recession like thecurrent recession in Japan, people are looking for inexpensive products and prioritize
convenience even if they know it is not good for the environment. In addition, the factthat income disparity will cause some households to actively use biodegradable
plastics and others not to will be an obstacle to solving the global ocean plastic
problem.
However, in order to realize these goals, it is necessary to solve not only the ocean
plastic problem but also various other global problems. Therefore, it is necessary to
search for another small-scale, relatively feasible solution.

Reducing Poverty among Ethiopian Farmers
Irrigation to Increase Mono Yield
5318 Taniguchi Haruki
Abstract
Thirty-two percent of Ethiopia's population lives in poverty. One of the main possible
reasons for this is that 85% of Ethiopians are farmers. Although droughts occur frequently in
Ethiopia, the farming system is mainly rain-fed agriculture, which means that they sufferfrom low production, that is, lack of funds. This is reflected in the fact that most of them do
not even own one hectare of land. To overcome this situation, we propose to establish a drip
irrigation system in the country. Drip irrigation is a method of irrigation that delivers waterand fertilizers with pinpoint accuracy to wherever they are needed. This has the advantage ofmaking efficient use of water and fertilizers for African countries that are suffering fromwater shortages and have little or no access to fertilizers due to lack of funds. However,
because of the initial installation and maintenance costs of drip irrigation, we are considering
the establishment of a system in which funds are shared through the incorporation ofagricultural enterprises.
1. Introduction
All African countries suffer from a state of poverty. Ethiopia is one of them. Since
85% of Ethiopia's population is made up of farmers, we thought that improving Ethiopia's
agricultural system would alleviate poverty. Ethiopia was selected because its poverty rate isneither too low nor too high, and because most of the population is engaged in agriculture.
Although no directly related previous studies were found, a study on how to engage withmodel farmers to disseminate agricultural extension services at the household level in rural
Ethiopia found that as long as a system was in place to improve agriculture.Thus, it waspossible to increase production and share technology among farmers, although only for asingle village. This is a result of the study of Ethiopia's poor farmers, who are the main
source of income for the country's agricultural sector. This suggests that even in Ethiopia, apoor country, there is potential for improving the agricultural system within the country,
depending on what is done to improve it.
In Asia, grain yields have increased in proportion to the increase in irrigation rates
over the 40-year period from 1980 to 2020. In Africa, on the other hand, little irrigation

policy was implemented over the same period and there was little increase in grain unit yield.
Thus, I believe that irrigation policies should be actively implemented in Africa because
history has proven that higher irrigation rates increase crop yields.
2. Discussion and implications(https://smartagri.jp/p/233/Advanced Agriculture Magazine)
I propose drip irrigation as a method of irrigation. Drip irrigation is a system in whichwater tubes are stretched throughout the field and water is supplied to the roots with pinpoint
accuracy. This minimizes unevenness in the application of water and fertilizer. This is
expected to further increase grain yield. Sprinkler irrigation has the problem of water loss due
to evaporation and runoff of water that is not fully absorbed by the crop and blown out of the
field by the wind. However, drip irrigation makes it possible to supply the minimum
necessary amount of water to the crop without fail. The same can be said for fertilizers. Sincemany people in Africa suffer from water shortage and water pollution, drip irrigation can be agood opportunity to use water more effectively. In my research last year, I studied the effects
of introducing drip irrigation. Specifically, I studied the nitrogen use, phosphate use, andyield of eggplant when growing eggplant in the open air on a 60-a plot. The results showedthat compared to watering by hand, the initial installation cost of 230,000 yen reduced
nitrogen use by 16% and phosphoric acid use by 25%. In addition, the yield per 10-aincreased by 17%. This is enough to recover the initial installation cost in about 0.7 years.
Although the high initial installation cost was a bottleneck in the implementation of drip
irrigation, the rapid growth can be expected if the funds can be secured.

It is necessary to investigate how the funds should be secured? The first is for
Ethiopia to invest in drip irrigation as a country, and the second is to receive financial
assistance from other countries. The third is the incorporation of agriculture. It has threeadvantages. The first is the efficient use of capital through the sharing of farming equipment.
Second, it will be possible to secure human resources who are interested and motivated inagriculture. And third, it is easy to pass on the technology. Therefore, we have come to theconclusion that we should promote the incorporation of agriculture in order to secure funds.
3. Conclusion
We propose to push for drip irrigation in Africa and to establish agricultural
corporations to secure funding and efficient implementation of agriculture.

4. References
https://smartagri.jp/p/233/Advanced Agriculture Magazine(2021/10/16)
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000024.000020061.htmlPress Release(2021/10/16)
https://diamond.jp/articles/-/93582DIAMOND online(2021/10/23)
http://www.paddy-co.jp/data/sizenatu.pdfPaddy Co.
https://www.s-p-net.com/magazine/560Special Pleasant Co.(2021/12/18)

https://www.customs.go.jp/shiryo/kanzei_shikumi.htmCustoms and Tariff Bureau, Ministryof Finance(2022/01/17)
https://www.jica.go.jp/activities/issues/agricul/jipfa/ku57pq00002kzlak-att/africa_fvc_05_do
cument_01_02.pdfMinistry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(2022/05/17)
https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualizeFAO (Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations)(2021/07/28)
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/kokusai/kokkyo/nousui_bunya/attach/pdf/index-5.pdfReport on theState of Agricultural Policy in Developing Countries(2022/05/22)
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/kokusai/kokusei/kaigai_nogyo/attach/pdf/index-176.pdfEthiopian
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Overview(2022/06/11)

Promoting of shop local~self-sufficiency of country scale~
Abstract
It is said that the population of the world will grow. Also, some regions are short of food, whileothers have food surpluses. Developed countries with low food production rely on food imports.
However, in impoverished regions, the income gap makes it impossible to import food, and they end up
starving. To solve this problem, self-sufficiency in poor areas is necessary.
In order to realize these societies, it is necessary to find problems in areas where agriculture is not
active and to improve them. In this research, we will proceed with research with a focus on the central
part of Africa.
In central Africa, people living in villages have been suffering from food shortages. Agriculture in such
villages is highly affected by the climate because of lack of technology, resulting in unstableproduction. Slash-and-burn farming on barren land also poses problems such as low production andthe inability to cultivate in a few years. In order to solve this problem, we have to expand production
and introduce technology. According to other countries’ agriculture, I’m sure that large-scale
agriculture will increase and sustain production.
Based on the above, I propose that several villages work together in order to carry out agriculture.
1 Introduction
Last year I engaged in the search of Japanese agriculture, and this year's goal is solving global-scale
research. Thus I decided to proceed with my research with a focus on food shortages. Food shortages
in the world are mainly occurring in Asia and Africa, so I decided to study central Africa.
I investigate what is the cause of food shortages in central Africa first and I make my proposal fromthese.
Looking at the whole world, we produce enough food all over the world. While considering future
population growth, I believe that it is essential to increase production in central Africa, where foodproduction is scarce.
In this research, I decided to refer to the current situation in developed countries: the United Statesand japan. Japan is a bad example because although it is a developed country, its agriculture is fragile
due to its productivity and efficiency per land. In addition, the United States is a developed country
and has a competitive edge.
As I proceeded with this study, I set sustainability, independence, and stability as goals of this study.
In other words, the goal is to be sustained and profitable both now and in the future. I’m sure that an
independent organization is necessary for development, because creating a large one leads to theabuse of power and to poverty.
2. Method of research
1. Make a list of agricultural forms and problems in Japan, the United States, and central Africa.
2. Organizen 1 and summarize the problem.
3. Consider the ideal form of food production in its all aspect for solving the problem listed in 2
4. Consider the elements and methods necessary to realize 2
5. Find the problems and issues of 1 and 2, Re-examine
3 DIscuss and implications
There are countries with food surplus and countries with food shortage. This is due to the gap
between rich and poor. Food is scarce in low-income regions, where food cannot be imported. As aresult, 690,000,000 people in the world go hungry despite the fact that enough food is produced.
Moreover, the world population is said to increase. This means more people are going hungry in areas
where food is scarce. To solve this problem, we have to solve the problem in areas where food isscarce.not only for the present but also for the future.
In my research, I will focus on agriculture in central Africa. First, we analyze three countries: thedeveloped countries in Africa, the United States, and Japan, which have large agricultural production
and high production efficiency; the developed countries, which rely on imports; and the target
countries of this research. After that, we summarize the problems and forms of each agriculture. Next,
we will consider these matters.
Analysis〇 Farmland
According to Japan and the US, it can be seen that small-scale farming is less productive thanlarge-scale farming because it cannot introduce large machinery. In addition, irregularly shaped
farmland like Japan prevents the beginning of large-scale agriculture and further reduces production
efficiency. I think that it is necessary to prepare the arrangements at an early stage in order to be able
to carry out large-scale and advanced agriculture effectively.
〇Form of agriculture
In Japan, small farmers form cooperatives and carry out farming, otherwise in the United States,
large-scale production is carried out by a small number of people using large agricultural machinery.
The latter can be judged to be superior in terms of production volume and price. And the level ofagricultural technology in Africa is low, so ultimately they should aim for a small number of people. I
also think that when there is great progress in Africa's development and agriculture, we should moveto smaller numbers. Therefore, it is necessary that they should consider changing to a small number ofpeople and assemble the system and form of agriculture, and connect it to the future.
〇Shortening
The necessary route from distribution production to sales of agricultural products leads to cost
reduction, which ultimately leads to lower selling prices.
In order to lower selling prices, it is necessary to reduce the length of route for delivering. Therefore,
they should establish distribution channels such as wholesalers and promote this by constructing amarket under the initiative of the government. We should improve distribution and will have a positive
impact on economic aspects including agriculture. In addition, employment will be generated bystrengthening the wholesale and market. This element is important because there is a shortage of jobs.
Agricultural in central Africa〇Farmland
Farming is carried out on a village-scale, and the land around the village is used for farmland. Because
the land is infertile, the land becomes unsuitable for farming after a few cultivations, so the farmland ischanged once several years.

○Form of agriculture
Farming is carried out in cooperation within the village. No machines, pesticides, or fertilizers(including natural and scientific) are used, and production efficiency is poor. Since no fertilizer is used,
the land becomes infertile and becomes uncultivable in a few years. Therefore, we should change theland and do agriculture. In addition, irrigation is not progressing and agriculture is dependent on climate
such as rain, weather and soil there. Therefore, unlike in Asia, where there is a lot of rain, this method
does not produce stable production.
○Shortening
Places far from cities, distribution is not established and traditional methods of distribution are used.

Therefore, it is necessary to establish the distribution of modern styles. In addition, since there aremany areas of poverty and food shortages away from cities, I think that this problem must be solved.
○Farmers and manpower
Currently, farming is done in the village, so the whole village people cooperate. In order to enable
them to do agriculture with a small number of people from now on, I would like to advance.
○Summarizing
Agriculture in Africa needs to be developed with a view to the future based on the experiences ofdeveloped countries. In order to make it easier to change these to the form that I aim for in the future,
it is important to discuss and decide on the whole because setting goals for each field in different
fields will cause misunderstandings.
Currently, agriculture in central Africa is done on a village-by-village basis. Because the farming isdone manually, it cannot be scaled up in the current situation. This is because there are not enoughpeople in the initial stage because machines cannot be used. I am planning to increase the number ofpeople and gradually reduce the number of people.
Based on the above, in order to revitalize agriculture in each village in central Africa, several villages
should cooperate as a single organization. exploration is proposed as follows. Many people are neededin the early stages of transforming agriculture. In terms of attracting people, it is not suitable for the
purpose of developing agriculture in central Africa if an organization aiming for advanced agriculture
pushes existing farmers into a situation, so it is necessary to gather existing farmers who use
traditional methods. Since current agriculture in central Africa is done on a village-by-village basis, I
think it would be better for multiple villages to work together. In this way, the food production of many
villages can be improved, and the income of the villages can be expected to increase. Also, in the
future, when farming with fewer people is realized, it will be possible to earn money in other ways. This
will lead to an increase in the income of the village and an improvement in the standard of living. Also,from the perspective of support and technology provision from developed countries, I think that
support will become easier than ever. If they continue to do small-scale farming in various places as
before, a supporter from a developed country will need to go to each place and explain each time, butthey can reduce the number of visits when multiple villages farming is realized. Therefore, I think that
it will be useful to provide a lot of support.
From here, I will consider the form of joint farming. I think the proposal calls for a position to run thefarming system. By controlling the purchase of fertilizers and tools, the timing of their use, and thetype of crop, production efficiency can be increased, leading to increased production and sustainablecultivation. The person in charge of this operation must have knowledge of agriculture and be neutral
with respect to all villages. Here, considering one of the problems mentioned above, that agriculturalexperts in Africa cannot make a profit, I think it will be appropriate to have experts carry out thisoperation. In addition, since experts who have the knowledge necessary for farming are not familiar
with commerce, they would like to appoint two types of experts: experts in distribution and sales ofagricultural products.
The second requirement is an environment in which agricultural products can be transported. In Africa
today, there is a shortage of transport capacity, not just for agriculture, so it is necessary to createtransport dedicated to agriculture. A lot of funds are required to transport each group of villages thathave gathered in various places. Therefore, I propose establishing a company specializing intransportation, aiming to make it efficient without waste, and to transport it at a low cost. I believe thiswill help revitalize the local economy by reducing agricultural work for existing transporters. The
transportation industry is separate from the agricultural organizations, and I think it would be better tocooperate with them.
The third is to start livestock farming. It is based on the three-field and two-field farming in Europe,which requires farmland to grow pastures. It is thought that the appropriate use of livestock feces as
fertilizer can prevent the land from becoming depleted. By adding this to the current slash-and-burnfarming, we believe that it will be possible to prevent the land from being used up and lead tosustainable agriculture.
For these reasons, I propose gathering multiple village-based farms in central Africa, conducting joint
farming under the direction of experts, creating a transport business specializing in agriculture, andintroducing livestock farming. I think it's an effective way to solve food problems.
4.Conclusion and Future Prospects
Through this research, I concluded that it would be better for farmers to gather and farm under theguidance of experts in central Africa. I would like to find something to improve in my research andsuggestions in order to sustain agriculture and increase production.
5. Reference
UNICEF
https://www.unicef.or.jp/news/2020/0173.html
ARDEC
http://www.jiid.or.jp/files/04public/02ardec/ardec40/key_note1.htm#:~:text=%EF%BC%92%EF%BC%8E%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%81%AE%E5%96%B6%E8%BE%B2%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB,%E3%81%AB%E6%A4%8D%E3%81%88%E3%82%89%E3%82%
8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%80%
http://www.jiid.or.jp/files/04public/02ardec/ardec33/key_note1.htmsmall
African agricultural support moving forward with farmers
https://www.nippon-foundation.or.jp/what/projects/africa_support
Movement toward digitalization of agriculture in Africa's largest industry
https://www.jetro.go.jp/biz/ areareports/2020/ccc5e3ac0ecefbc7.html
Food and environmental issues inhttps://www.maff.go.jp/j/kokusai/kokusei/kaigai_nogyo/k_syokuryo/h20/pdf/h20_africa_01.pdf
Business
https://special. nikkeibp.co.jp/as/201207/africa/vol3/step2_p1.html
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program
http://pubs.iclarm.net/resource_centre/NEPAD.pdf
conversation agriculture and smallholder farming in africa:The heretic's viewhttps: //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378429009001701

Milk Production Related to the Environment~Converting School Milk to Plant-Based Milk~
5320 Tsukui Yuki
Abstract
Milk production is associated with problems such as environmental issues and negative
effects on dairy cows when raising them. Environmental problems include greenhouse gas
emissions and overuse of land and water. In conclusion of this study, I suggest the introduction ofoat milk as an alternative to school milk to decrease these effects. The purpose of school milk is toprovide protein and calcium. I compared three types of plant-based milks (soy milk, almond milk,
and oats milk) to cow's milk in terms of nutrition, environmental impact, and economics. Oat milk
is as rich in calcium as cow's milk and has fewer negative environmental effects. However, it has
the problem of low protein content and high price. I would like to take this into consideration in the
future and link it to our proposal.

１ Introduction
There has been a great discussion about the pros and cons of mill production. It has beencausing some negative problems such as environmental concerns and adverse effects on dairy cows
during the raising process. Simultaneously, the concern about alternative milk has risen.
The present study was undertaken in order to clarify what is the most suitable drink as thealternative milk for reducing the negative effects of these problems on the earth, and to propose anddisseminate it as the alternative milk for school milk. I focused on school milk because the purposeof it is for nutritional intake, and the changes in taste and appearance does not seem to have mucheffect, so I think it would be a little easy to switch to alternative milk. The research question of mystudy is “What drink is the best for milk substitute, considering the environment and nutrition?”
Making use of plant based milk as alternative milk has so far been proposed as a solution toenvironmental problems in milk production. Some studies have claimed that plant-based milk hasless impact on environmental issues, but contains fewer nutrients than cow's milk. My research is inline with this, focusing on plant-based milk, and I am going to pay attention to school milk for its
dissemination. The hypothesis is that "plant-based milk, especially soy milk (plant milk made fromsoybeans), is the most suitable alternative milk. It’s because soy milk is made from soybeans, I
think, which are more widely produced and more accessible than other plant-based milkingredients, and may have less impact on the environment during production.
I selected three types of plant-based milks (soy milk, almond milk, and oats milk) for thisstudy, and tested the hypothesis by comparing these three milks to cow's milk in terms ofnutritional, environmental impact, and economic aspects. I’m gathering information on the Internet.
Also, I research the current state of school milk around the world in order to make suggestions.
Since environmental problems in cattle production are now considered a worldwide
problem, affecting the entire planet, and school milk is something that is done in a wide area, I
thought it would be appropriate to study it as a global exploration.

２ Discussion and implications
Two main problems in milk production can be identified. The first is the environmental
problem. Environmental problems associated with milk production include global warming causedby greenhouse gas emissions, excessive use of water, and deforestation. Cows and other ruminants
emit methane gas, which has a strong greenhouse effect, during the digestion process. Methane gas
is responsible for 23% of the global warming impact of all greenhouse gasses and is considered
problematic because it has a stronger greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide when compared on an
equal weight basis, even though it has a shorter average lifespan (about 10 years in the atmosphere).
One cow releases 200 to 800 liters of methane per day as burps. Methane from fermentation in thedigestive tract of ruminants is estimated to amount to about 2 billion tons (CO2 equivalent) per year
worldwide, accounting for about 4-5% (CO2 equivalent) of all greenhouse gasses generated in theworld. In addition, a huge amount of feed is used in raising cattle, and many of the fertilizers usedin their production produce a greenhouse gas called dinitrogen monoxide. This indicates that dairy
cattle production emits a large amount of greenhouse gasses that contribute to the global warming
problem. Next, dairy cattle production requires large amounts of water. For example, it takes 1,800
liters of water for irrigation to produce 1 kg of corn, and since cattle grow up consuming large
amounts of this grain, it takes about 20,000 times that amount of water to produce 1 kg of beef. It issaid that each kilogram of beef requires about 20,000 liters of water. The same is true for dairy
cows. The production of grains to feed dairy cows also requires large areas of farmland, which leads
to deforestation and destruction of ecosystems. Deforestation is partly due to the availability of land
for grazing. The second major problem in milk production is the negative impact on dairy cows.
Currently, about 73% of Japanese dairy farms keep milking cows on short chains or ropes.
Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, and the United Kingdom have banned the use of constantchaining. In the UK, for example, national regulations require that tied cows must be released fromtheir tethers at least once a day. This is more of a Japanese problem than a global problem, since thenumber of tethered cows is decreasing and it is assumed that only about a mere 0.3% of dairy cows

in the UK are currently tethered. Continued tethering can lead to weak legs and feet (due tolameness, flight joint arthritis, etc.) in the dairy cows. Lameness is a serious disease that causes
great distress in dairy cows, and cows are more susceptible to lameness if they are tied and not
given regular outdoor exercise opportunities. When cows are tied up, often with only a thin layer ofmatting on concrete, their front legs develop knee varus, their hind legs develop flying joint
arthritis, and inflammation forms all over the joints of the body. Dairy cows that are kept in atie-fence are susceptible to a variety of diseases due to lack of exercise and stress. Several studies
have shown that dairy cows kept in tied barns are more susceptible to a disease called mastitis thancows kept in free stalls. Mastitis is a disease in which the cow's udder becomes inflamed due tobacterial infection and the cow feels pain in the udder. Research has also shown that the incidenceof a disease called ketosis, which causes an abnormally high ketone level in the body due to lack ofenergy and other factors, leading to loss of appetite and weight loss, is higher in tie-keepers than infreestalls. These are considered to be contrary to animal welfare, which aims to provide a healthy
lifestyle for livestock from birth to death, with as little stress as possible, and with their behavioral
needs met. Excessive breed improvement is also a problem that needs to be addressed, as it makes
dairy cows more susceptible to disease and narrows the number of breeds. Many breeds of dairy
cows continue to be improved to increase their milk production. Milk is made from cow blood, andit takes 400 to 500 liters of blood to produce one package of milk. Since the breed of dairy cows
produces about 30 liters of milk per day, simple calculations indicate that more than 10,000 liters ofblood are pumped into the udder every day. This process consumes a lot of energy and interfereswith metabolic functions, making them susceptible to disease.
These suggest that there are several serious problems associated with milk production andthat the widespread use of alternative milk could have a significant impact.
Next, I examined the objectives and outcomes of school milk as a possible destination forthe dissemination of milk alternatives.After World War II, GHQ (General Headquarters of theAllied Forces) decided to provide either flour or milk as aid to Japanese children who were
suffering from severe food shortages. Dr. Shoji Kondo, a professor emeritus at Tohoku University,
responded that he wanted milk for children's growth rather than simply to stave off hunger, since it
was believed that adequate intake of animal protein was important for improving children's physicalcondition. In addition, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
has set a standard that 50% of the daily requirement of calcium, which is often lacking at home,should be consumed at school lunches. Research has shown that milk intake in elementary schooland junior high school has an effect on bone mass, and that the higher the intake, the greater thebone mass. This suggests that the main purpose of school milk is to provide protein and calcium
intake. In Japan, the percentage of schools that provide school milk to the total number of schools(according to the "Basic School Survey'' by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology and our survey) (penetration rate) is 97.8% for elementary schools, 88.1% for juniorhigh schools, 58.7% for evening high schools, 89.1% for special needs schools, and 93.7% overall.
（The supply price (FY2048) is 50.06 yen per 200 cc (simple average, nationwide). The EU school
milk subsidy system started in 1977, 20 years after the establishment of the school milk supply
program in Japan in 1957. Some member countries had their own system before that. The purposeof the introduction of the system is different from that of Japan. It can be seen that the purpose of
the introduction of the system is different from that of Japan. The following table is a partial pictureof the implementation status of the major countries from the report on school milk conducted in
1993 (and updated in 1995) by the International Milk Promotion Group within the International
Dairy Federation (IDF) in order to get an overall picture of school milk supply in the EU. The
report is a partial summary of the status of implementation in major countries. The report does not
yet reflect the post-reform status of the school milk subsidy system in some countries, since the EU
was undergoing a drastic reform of the system.
(△: Implemented in some cases. ○: implemented in many cases, ◎: implemented in all cases)

https://lin.alic.go.jp/alic/month/fore/1997/apr/rep-eu.htm
From this table, it can be seen that many EU countries have introduced school milk systems, and insome countries, nursery schools, kindergartens, and even universities. Worldwide, school milk
consumption is considered to be highBased on these considerations, we will compare plant-based milk, which is attracting attention as analternative milk, with cow's milk and consider alternatives in school milk. Plant-based milk is a
general term for alternative milk made from plant-based ingredients. While animal-derived milk isalmost exclusively cow's milk, plant-based milk has a wide range, and various types are currently

available. Examples include soy milk, almond milk, oat milk, coconut milk, and rice milk. I decided
to compare the first three, which we believe are relatively widespread, with cow's milk. Plant-based
milk is currently attracting attention around the world due to its environmental impact, healthiness,
and allergenic aspects. The following graph shows the number of searches for alternative milk in
the UK.

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46654042
In particular, the number of searches for soy milk, almond milk, and oats milk has increased
compared to the past. Furthermore, a major campaign on the introduction of milk substitutes inschool milk was recently launched in Europe. ProVeg International, an organization whose mission
is to "reduce the consumption of animal products by 50% worldwide by 2040," has been collecting
public opinion in kindergartens through secondary schools in Europe, calling for the inclusion ofplant-based milk in school lunches as well. The petition drive, which began in June, has become ahot topic of conversation throughout Europe, with approximately 50,000 signatures received in one
month. In Japan, the use of alternative milk is increasingly recommended from the perspective of adisease called "lactose intolerance. Compared to Westerners, who have long practiced dairy
farming, Japanese people have not consumed many dairy products, and it is said that two out of
three Japanese are lactose intolerant. Lactose intolerance is a condition in which lactose cannot bedigested and absorbed due to decreased activity of lactase, an enzyme that breaks down lactose, asugar found in milk, into glucose and galactose, resulting in significant diarrhea and poor weightgain.
Three of the plant-based milks (soy milk, almond milk, and oats milk) and cow's milk will
be compared in terms of nutrition, environmental impact, and economics.
First, we will compare them in terms of nutrition. The table below is a basic index of

nutrients in currently available cow's milk and some plant-based milks. However, calories, protein,and other nutrients can vary widely among brands.

https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/healthy-tips/nutrition/is-oat-milk-healthier-than-cows-milk
Overall, plant-based milks are found to be deficient in protein compared to cow's milk. Soy
milk is relatively high in protein and low in sugar. Among plant-based milks, it contains nutrients
relatively similar to cow's milk. However, many are deficient in calcium and vitamins B and D
compared to cow's milk. It is not suitable for people with soy allergies. Almond milk is low incalories, low in sugar, and high in vitamins A and E and dietary fiber, which may help prevent
arteriosclerosis and lifestyle-related diseases. However, it contains very little protein and lesscalcium than cow's milk. Oats milk is low in sugar, rich in fiber and vitamin B, and contains asmuch calcium as cow's milk. However, it is lower in protein content, although not as much asalmond milk. Looking at protein and calcium, soy milk contains nearly as much protein as cow's
milk, almond milk has almost none, and oats milk has less than cow's milk. Soy milk and almondmilk contain less calcium than cow's milk, while oats milk contains about the same amount as cow's
milk. Furthermore, posters have been posted in the United Kingdom to promote school milk.
The next comparison is in terms of environmental impact. The following graph summarizes
global averages for greenhouse gas emissions, land use, and water use during milk and plant-based
milk production based on a study by Oxford University.

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46654042
According to this, all plant-based milks produce less than half the greenhouse gas emissions of
cow's milk, use about one-tenth less land, and use less water than cow's milk. Water use varies
widely among the plant-based milks, with soy milk and oats milk using very little water, whilealmond milk uses more water, though not as much as dairy milk. However, each plant-based milk isalso involved in other environmental issues. Increased production of soy milk is accompanied bydeforestation. In recent years, much of the rainforest has been destroyed not only in the UnitedStates and Canada to keep up with the ever-increasing demand for soy milk, but also to create fields
around the Amazon rainforest to grow soybeans. The production of almonds, the raw material foralmond milk, requires honey bees, and in some areas, the increased production of almonds could
lead to mass bee mortality. This could lead to ecological problems. In addition, almonds areproduced in large quantities in California and other regions, but almond production is very
water-intensive, so dryness and water shortages are becoming a problem. The production of oats,
the raw material for oats milk, is not particularly associated with major environmental issues.
Next, in terms of economics, if you look at the far right side of the table above comparing
the nutritional benefits of milk and plant-based milk, all plant-based milks are more expensive than
cow's milk. Oat milk, almond milk, soy milk, and cow's milk are all more expensive, in that order.
Since school milk collects money from students' families, the higher prices are a burden on thefamilies.
Based on these considerations, it is clear that there are significant advantages anddisadvantages to each of the plant-based milks. I considered oats milk to be the best alternative toschool milk, especially from an environmental and nutritional standpoint. The main advantages ofoats milk can be summarized as having a low environmental impact, not being an allergenic food,and relatively high calcium content, while the disadvantages are that it is very expensive to produce
and has a low protein content. Next, we examined the production of oats milk and the companies
involved. Globally, the most famous oats milk company is Oatly, an oats milk brand created in
Sweden in 1994. With the slogan "We only do oats," the company has been focusing exclusively onoats milk for more than 30 years, without handling any other ingredients such as soy milk or
almond milk. Today, the oats milk brand is loved in more than 20 countries around the world,
including Europe, the United States, and Asia. The company is also actively engaged in sustainable
activities for a better future, such as reusing oat waste from the production process and using
recycled resources for packaging materials, including caps. And this Oatly will be launched inJapan on September 20, 2022, mainly in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Since the consumption ofschool milk is high in Japan, we believe it is important to have a large global company, so wethought Oatly Milk would be suitable as a milk for school milk in this regard.

３ Conclusion
In conclusion, I consider oats milk to be the most suitable drink as a milk substitute forschool milk. This is based on environmental and nutritional considerations. I would like to make aproposal to replace school milk with oats milk in the world (starting with Japan, I suppose). The
oats milk is Oatly's oats milk, and we hope that this will lead to the popularization of oats milk.
However, there are still many challenges. Oats milk contains less protein than cow's milk and ismore expensive. Since one of the purposes of school milk is protein intake, ways to supplement thismust be considered. The high price also places a burden on families, so ways to reduce it must be
considered. Furthermore, although the taste of milk was not mentioned in this study, a drasticchange in taste is not a good idea when replacing oats milk with school milk, so I must actuallydrink the milk to confirm the difference in taste. For this, we are considering a system of selective
school milk. This system would allow students to choose between cow's milk and oats milk. In
addition, it is necessary to consider whether it is possible to increase the production volume andwhat will happen to imports if oats milk is to be replaced with school milk. And although I havebeen talking about replacing oats milk with school milk, I have not yet thought about how tocommunicate this to the public and make it happen. These issues must be resolved in the future.

４ Reference
・牛のゲップだけじゃない。肉の大量消費が引き起こす10の環境問題まとめ
https://www.greenpeace.org/japan/sustainable/story/2021/07/05/52110/

R4/5/5
・世界のメタン放出量は過去20年間に10％近く増加主要発生源は、農業及び廃棄物管理、化石燃料の生産と消費に関する部門の人間活動
https://www.nies.go.jp/whatsnew/20200806/20200806.html
R4/7/14
・環境省_virtual waterhttps://www.env.go.jp/water/virtual_water/
R4/7/14
・オックスフォード大学のシニア・リサーチャーに聞く！ 丑年にこそ考えたい牛肉と環境問題。
https://www.vogue.co.jp/change/article/year-of-the-ox-sustainability
R4/5/5
・【研究成果】新たな牛のメタン排出量算出式を開発 ... - 広島大学
https://www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/news/71459#:~:text=%E7%89%9B1%E9%A0%AD%E3%81%8B%
E3%82%89%E3%81%AF,%E3%81%A8%E8%80%83%E3%81%88%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%
E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82
R4/9/12・牛のつなぎ飼いをやめよう！私たちの暮らしに欠かせない「牛乳」を考え直そう
https://2020.etic.or.jp/actions/rethingmilk/
R4/5/5・ほぼ毎日牛乳や乳製品が出される理https://www.gakkyu.or.jp/publication/sukoyaka/pdf/SUKOYAKA-007-2.pdf
R4/9/12
・EUにおける学校向け牛乳補助制度について
https://lin.alic.go.jp/alic/month/fore/1997/apr/rep-eu.htm
R4/9/12・Is Oat Milk Healthier Than Cow's Milk?
https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/healthy-tips/nutrition/is-oat-milk-healthier-than-cows-milk
R4/5/23
・Climate change: Which vegan milk is best?
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46654042
R4/5/23・ヨーロッパにおける大規模なキャンペーン「牛乳以外の選択肢を給食に」
https://happy-quinoa.com/pro-veg-international/

R4/10/3
・乳糖不耐症 概要 - 小児慢性特定疾病情報センター
https://www.shouman.jp/disease/details/12_01_001/#:~:text=%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%96%E4%B
8%8D%E8%80%90%E7%97%87%E3%81%A8,%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E4%BD%8E%E4%B8%8B%E3%81%8C%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%80%82
R4/10/3
・日本人に合いにくい乳製品！？
https://www.nomura-milk.co.jp/knowledge/pages/11.php
R4/10/3
・Oatly I the Original Oat Drink Company
https://www.oatly.com/
R4/9/26
・スウェーデン発「オートリー」が日本初上陸。植物由来のサステナブルなオーツミルクブランド
https://fashionmarketingjournal.com/2022/09/oatly-japan.html
R4/9/26・2021 U.S. Retail Sales Data for the Plant-Based Foods Industry
https://www.plantbasedfoods.org/2021-u-s-retail-sales-data-for-the-plant-based-foods-industry/

R4/10/3

Protect your skin from UV rays
〜No suncare No life〜
5322 Naeki Nanami
Abstract
This prompted us to think about what we can do to help combat the rising temperatures ofglobal warming, and we wanted to protect our skin from ultraviolet rays, which are a growing
problem every year. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays is said to cause acute reactions,and repeated exposure to these acute reactions increases the risk of skin cancer in the future.
It also has the disadvantage of causing skin disorders such as wrinkles and blotches. On theother hand, there are also advantages to UV exposure, such as suppressing allergies,
regulating body rhythms, and improving sleep quality. So, first, we have considered how todeal with ultraviolet rays, capturing both the advantages and disadvantages of exposure toultraviolet rays. And second, in light of the fact that people have many skin types, including
sensitive, dry, combination, normal, and oily skin, we assumed that it would be meaninglessif people used the same sun care methods. The final objective of our research was to propose
sun care products that are suitable for different skin types.
1.Introduction
There are two things that can be mentioned as the importance of this theme. One is its
relevance to the environmental issues of our time, and the other is the growing public interestin "skin" today. The first will be as outlined, so I will discuss the second intention. First, thesurvey on current skin problems revealed that approximately 20% (22.6%) of respondents
answered "nothing in particular," while approximately 80% (77.4%) had some kind ofproblem. This result also shows the combined results for men as well as women. This
indicates that both men and women are concerned about their skin. In addition, with the
spread of social networking sites, information about such skin problems is becoming more
and more prevalent. We can also see people trying to solve their own problems by trial anderror, and actually buying and trying things out. However, the problem here is that each
person has a different skin type. Therefore, even if you buy a product, it may not be suitablefor your skin, and you may end up with a rougher skin. For these reasons, we focused our
research on ultraviolet rays. The research question was "What should we do to solve skinproblems caused by ultraviolet rays? '' as our research question.

2.Discussion and implications
In 2020, 74.3% of men and women in their teens to 60s reported having problems with theirskin, according to a skin problem survey by Oku Eigenji Co. In addition, research by theJapan Meteorological Agency has shown that the total amount of ozone on the earth has been
increasing since 1990 to the present. Furthermore, in this day and age of the Corona Disaster,
many people may be troubled by the fact that they wear masks to protect themselves from
infectious diseases, which can cause skin irritation. Given this background, I am concernedthat skin problems may become a major problem in the future. And this time, I have focused
my research on sunscreen, a skin-related sun care product, and have learned that there are
significant disadvantages to what is supposed to be a solution. Sunscreen falls under the
preliminary stage of sun care when expressed in terms of sun care position, and it is asolution before exposure to ultraviolet rays. Various products, not only cream-type products
but also easy-to-use sprays and gels with good elongation, are now widely available. Perhaps
because of this, 80% of women and 60% of men aged 15 and over have "used" sunscreens,
indicating that they are indispensable in summer. Their role is to prevent UV rays that cause
inflammation, blemishes, wrinkles, and sagging, and to protect the skin from as muchdamage as possible. They often have a higher UV-protection effect than makeup bases, anddepending on the strength of the SPF and PA, they can be used for different activities indoors
and outdoors. However, one of the disadvantages is skin problems. I use sunscreens to solve
skin problems and cause skin problems. My suggestion for this result is to "use a sunscreenthat suits your skin type." This is because I believe that each person has a different skin type
and that the problem can be solved by using the right one for it.
3.Conclusion
In conclusion, as stated in this paper, "use sun care products that suit your skin type. In fact,
there are more than a few cosmetics available in drugstores and online shopping that are inline with skin type. Among them, sun care products are not widely available at present.
However, the preliminary challenge is the inability to identify one's skin type. There are fourmain types. (1) Normal skin: Skin with high moisture content and low sebum content.
Moisturized but changeable. (2) Oily skin: Skin with high moisture and sebum content. It
tends to be sticky. (3)Dry skin: Skin with low moisture and sebum content is prone tobecoming rough and bulky. (4)Mixed skin: Low in moisture and high in sebum. Each of thefour types has its own characteristics. Because we live in an online society, it is possible touse the Internet to find out what your skin type is. In fact, tools exist to help us determine ourskin type. The problem here is that the information can be incorrect. Therefore, the question
for the future is what means and methods to use to perfectly understand ourselves as a skin
type diagnosis.
4.References①Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation and Sun Exposure | US EPA
https://www.epa.gov › radtown › ultr…
6/22②Sun safety tips to prevent damage from harmful UV rays
https://www.hshs.org › News › Sun-s…
7/3③6 simple ways to protect your skin in the sun | UK Healthcare
https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu › blog
7/3
④How Do I Protect Myself from Ultraviolet (UV) Rays?
https://www.cancer.org › be-safe-in-sun
8/9

Reducing CO2 Emissions by Telecommuting〜Toward Environmentally Friendly Lifestyle〜
5323 MioNarahara○Summary of Research
The research question was posed as to whether a change in the percentage oftelecommuters could be expected to further reduce CO2 emissions. The current study
recommended the introduction of telecommuting only for those who work in the informationand communications industry.Based on data from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism's Policy Bureau, the average commuting distance is 10.5 km eachway, which means that approximately 37 tons of carbon dioxide can be reduced.
Calculations showed that Japan as a whole could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 94.72
million tons (number of employees in the information and telecommunications industry only).
In the survey study, the amount of CO2 emissions reduced by one telecommuting trip perperson was approximately 1.85 kg per person. According to data from the Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications (MIC) for the year 2020, the increase in productivity resulting
from the introduction of telecommuting is expected to boost GDP by 430 billion yen. In
addition, it is also estimated that the increase in employment of women and the elderly will
have an economic effect of 25 trillion yen. These factors are expected to have an economic
effect on society as a whole.
1．Introduction
We have considered the possibility of creating an eco-friendly community by reducing
carbon dioxide emissions through telecommuting. The current study recommended theintroduction of telecommuting only for those who work in the information andcommunications industry.The study began with the assumption that, if telecommuting and
not using a private car, the average commuting distance is 10.5 km one way, based on datafrom the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's Policy Bureau, whichmeans that approximately 37 tons of CO2 emissions can be reduced. From the results of thestudy, it was found that if only the number of employees in the information andtelecommunications industry were extracted from that data, the entire country of Japan could
reduce 94.72 million tons of carbon dioxide. Using the same method to reduce CO2
emissions in countries other than Japan, mainly developed countries, the research question
was asked whether a change in the percentage of telecommuters could be expected tofurther reduce CO2 emissions. In the research study, the amount of CO2 emissions
reduction per person per telecommuting trip was approximately 1.85 kg. It is thought that theenvironmental impact of car use exceeded the cost of utilities in the home, leading to an
overall reduction in CO2 emissions.
2． Main Discussion and Implications
According to an estimate by Kitakyushu City, commuting by bicycle for 15 km each way for
40 years from age 20 to retirement age would reduce CO2 emissions by 50 tons compared
to a private car. Based on this result, assuming that telecommuting and not using a private
car would reduce carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 37 tons, since the averagecommuting distance is 10.5 km each way, according to data from the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's Policy Bureau. If only the number of employees in
the information and telecommunications industry is taken out of the equation, it was foundthat Japan as a whole could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 94.72 million tons. Items

where companies can save costs by introducing telecommuting include expenses related tothe movement of personnel, such as "transportation costs" and "business trip costs," fixed
costs such as "office rent" and "equipment costs," and miscellaneous costs such as "printing
costs due to digitization. Although there are separate costs for implementation, in manycases, these costs can be reduced in the long run. In addition, telecommuting reduces
unnecessary processes in business by emphasizing a paperless environment, andaccording to data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in 2020,
productivity gains from the introduction of telecommuting will lead to a 430 billion yen boost
to GDP. In addition, it is also estimated that the increase in employment of women and theelderly will have an economic effect of 25 trillion yen. These factors are expected to have an
economic effect on society as a whole.
3 Conclusion
The biggest challenge posed by this study was to resolve the question of whether the total
utility and transportation costs of a single company are really less than those of atelecommuter at home. In general, lots of companies feel that the issue of utility costs is notdamaging to the company in a negative way because it is often beneficial from a corporate
perspective. However, the increase in electricity costs for telecommuting, if one were to workfrom home for 8 hours a day, would be 40-216 yen/day in summer and 41-414 yen/day inwinter. According to the government's 2021 survey of private-sector salaries by job type,23.1% of companies that offer telecommuting benefits pay telecommuting allowances.
According to the government survey, the average amount of telecommuting allowance paid
is 3,000-5,000 yen per month. With regard to "full- and partial-home telework" performed bycompanies, the use of ICT equipment and the environmental impact (CO2) of air
conditioning and lighting on the home side increased by approximately 580 kg as a result of
telecommuting, but the environmental impact of the cars used for commuting andtransportation exceeded and was The environmental impact of air-conditioning and lighting
at home is greater than the environmental impact of the cars used for commuting, resulting
in an overall reduction in CO2 emissions. The results of the study indicate that the reductionin the environmental impact of automobiles is a major factor in the fact that theenvironmental impact of air conditioning at home is large but nevertheless the environmental
impact reduction effect was achieved, and that in areas where automobiles are used more
frequently, the environmental impact reduction effect of teleworking can be achieved.
４References
・https://www.vogue.co.jp/change/article/this-weeks-sustainable-tips-green-transportation
co2 Emission Reduction Commuting（2020/09/04)
・https://enetech.co.jp/guide/co2-reduction-and-decarbonization-enterprise-methods/
corporation reduce energy（2022/05/16/）
・https://www.stat.go.jp/data/roudou/sokuhou/nen/ft/pdf/index1.pdf
総務省統計局「労働力調査（基本集計）(2021)平均結果の要約」
・https://www.utpjournals.press/doi/full/10.3138/cpp(.2020-1026)“Remote Work and Employment Dynamics under COVID-19: Evidence from Canada”
・https://business.ntt-east.co.jp/content/telework_start/introduction/merit/telework（2021/07/13）
・https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000250.000034467.html
Survey on telecommuting (2021/10/07)

Education support for Africa
Bringing Education to African Children through Study For Two
ID5324

Hosono Hitomi

Introduction
The purpose of this study is to improve education for Africa by providing textbooks that are
discarded in developed countries through study for two. In developing countries such as
Africa, the number of children who can receive an education is far fewer than that indeveloped countries. The loss of educational opportunities increases the likelihood thatchildren will be exposed to danger, and they may be left behind by society as they become
adults without adequate education. The importance of education is high because it can leadto a variety of problems. The research question is: "What is needed to deliver a fulfilling
education to African children?
Research methods
Research the Internet to find out about the current state of education in Africa and themeasures currently being taken. Research the support provided by UNICEF in the past andhow effective it has been; research the activities being carried out by SFT. Research thestate of education in the U.S. and Japan in order to compare it with education in developed
countries.
Research Results and Discussion
The current state of education in Africa is that more than half of all children who cannot
attend elementary school are concentrated in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. One in fiveschool-aged children does not attend elementary school. In addition, literacy rates are also
low due to the lack of access to school. In Western and Central Africa in particular, theliteracy rate is 69% for males and 59% for females. In order for Africa to achieve economic
growth, improving literacy rates and educational standards will be a major challenge.
Reasons why children are unable to go to school include working to earn money and poverty
that prevents them from paying for school fees and educational materials. Conflict areas arein a situation where it is not safe for children to go to school and there is an ongoingshortage of schools and teachers. In addition, parents and local residents do not understandthe importance of education. In particular, poor children are unable to study at all. Africa isalso a country with a wide disparity between rich and poor. The economic disparity does not
only occur in developing countries, but also in Japan and the United States where we live.
Against this backdrop, UNICEF has been improving the educational environment in South
Asia and many other regions since 2000. The program has improved learning and sanitation
environments, and has made efforts to dispatch teachers and build schools. The number ofchildren who cannot attend elementary school has greatly decreased, but in sub-SaharanAfrica, many children who cannot attend school are still left behind.

In order to support education in Africa, I decided to donate textbooks that are used indeveloped countries to developing countries. To be more specific, we go from elementary
school to junior high school to high school, and when we reach high school, most of us
probably discard or donate the textbooks we used in elementary school. We decided todeliver the textbooks we no longer needed to developing countries, but we thought it would
be difficult to donate them because of the different languages. Then, I learned that there areuniversity students who are involved in an activity called "Study For Two. The goal is tocreate a world where all children who wish to study can do so. They ask university students
to donate their used textbooks and re-sell them at a low price, and the profits are used tosupport education for children in developing countries.
In Japan, about 20,000 books are sent for used paper collection. Although the corporation
purchases several percent of these books, there are many books that cannot be fully
purchased and are being discarded. As part of its activities, the corporation receives
donations of used textbooks, sells them to students in need in developed countries, anddonates a portion of the proceeds to developing countries.

Conclusion and Future Prospects
Since it was determined that direct support is not possible due to language differences,indirect financial support will be provided through Study For Two. In order to expand thescope of SFT's activities, the scope of receiving non-textbooks will be expanded in the
future. Textbook guides, workbooks, drills, etc. In order to be able to expand the program touniversities nationwide, we need to seek requests from universities. We need to consider the
benefits to the universities for cooperating with us. Also, we believe that more funds can beobtained by combining small-scale activities within universities into a single organization.
In addition, since the gap between the rich and the poor is affecting education in Africa, I
think it is necessary to return to the society as a whole.

Citations and References
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/education/education_africa/4102/（７月９日）
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/education/education_africa/4107/（７月９日）
https://www.felissimo.co.jp/oshikra/2968/（７月９日）
https://www.valuebooks.jp › endpaper（8月28日）
https://www.charibon.jp（8月28日）
https://greenz.jp/2014/04/10/study_for_two/(9月29日)
https://studyfortwo.org/（9月29日）
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/education/4071/（11月9日）

Ethnic Minority Literacy
To increase the official language literacy rate of ethnic minorities
5325 Misaki Hotta
Abstract
During the Meiji period (1868-1912), small-group classrooms called "Dojin
Kyoikujo" were created and the literacy rate of the Ainu ethnic group increased.
Because of the similar situation between Japan at that time and Vietnam, we thought
it would be a good idea to introduce this activity. However, several problems arose
regarding funding and cultural transmission. As a solution to these problems, we
propose that universities raise funds or crowdfund a temporary fund for language
volunteers in Vietnam and have university students who specialize in Vietnamese
language teach the language at elementary schools in ethnic minority Vietnam for ashort period of time. We also propose a cultural exchange program between Vietnam
and Japan with the aim of passing on Vietnamese culture to the next generation, andfor Japanese to learn Vietnamese culture. In the future, we would like to propose amethod of recruiting Vietnamese volunteers to assist in volunteer activities inVietnam, while incorporating ideas that could be introduced in Vietnam by reading
articles and papers from the Philippines and other countries that are actively
providing language volunteers.
1 Introduction
Last year I spent a year researching ways to improve the literacy rate of
ethnic minorities in Vietnam. At the conclusion of last year's study, I made a final
proposal to teach in small classrooms. However, there are various challenges to this
proposal, such as funding and the disappearance of the original culture. So the goal
is to resolve these issues. In previous studies, various activities were conducted toincrease the literacy rate of the Ainu people in Japan in the late 1800s, and theliteracy rate of the Ainu people increased significantly due to the activities of the"Dojin Kyoikujo" (native people's education center). However, the culture of the Ainu
people almost disappeared as a result of these activities. Therefore, we have notbeen able to prevent the disappearance of the culture and improve the literacy rate.
For this year's activities, I have thought that the most efficient way to solve the issues

of funding and the disappearance of culture was to dispatch volunteers. Therefore, I
focused my research on students learning Vietnamese in Japan and abroad.
2 Discussion and implications
Ethnic minority issues have become a major problem in the world. The United
Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted in 2007, statesthat indigenous peoples "have suffered historical injustice as a result of colonizationand dispossession of their lands, territories and resources. In other words,
indigenous peoples are those who have been denied and deprived of their societies,
lands, indigenous languages and cultures due to post-modern colonial andassimilation policies. This recognition is gaining ground internationally.
The Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples contains 44 articles. The
most important of these is the right to self-determination. The right toself-determination is the right of indigenous peoples to determine their own politicalstatus and to decide for themselves how and what their economic, social, andcultural development should be.
However, the literacy rate among ethnic minorities is low, making it difficult forthem to have a say. They also have limited access to social services. There are 1
billion such minorities in the world. In Vietnam, the country under study, the literacy
rate of the Kinh, the largest ethnic group, is over 90%, while that of the Tay and otherethnic minorities is about 40%. In addition, the university enrollment rate in Vietnam
itself is very low at 40%, and only 0.3% of ethnic minorities are enrolled in university.
Why is it that the literacy rate among ethnic minorities is so low, despite the country's
enthusiasm for education as a whole? There are three reasons: first, Vietnam has aunique educational policy that Japan does not have; second, the language of
instruction is only Vietnamese; and third, the curriculum is the same as in Japan.
These factors create various problems. The first is that elementary school students
will not have the basic knowledge they need to enter the workforce, the second isthat non-Vietnamese speakers will not be able to follow the classes at all, and thethird is that they will not have time to ask questions. According to local people,
questions can be asked after school, and in some areas there is a fee for thisservice. Therefore, those who go to school from far away, such as ethnic minorities,
cannot ask questions because they have to leave school early. The second problem
that I tried to solve is the fact that students can only learn in Vietnamese. Countrieswhere people learn in different languages due to their parents' transfers, etc., butthey are unable to understand anything at all and their academic ability declines.
This second problem is a worldwide problem. In fact, there are many teachers in
Vietnam who can speak languages other than Vietnamese, but these talented people
go to urban areas where salaries are higher.
Therefore, I would like to research the history of the rise in Japanese literacy
among the Ainu people and propose a method that could be used in Vietnam. My
research revealed that in the past, Japan tried many things to improve the literacy
rate of the Ainu people, but all of them ended in failure.
In 1871, the Meiji government enacted the Family Registration Law, and the Ainu
were incorporated as commoners. In 1872, 35 Ainu were sent to Tokyo for training.
There, they learned various things, including the Japanese language, but the
program ended in failure due to disappearances and illnesses during the year. In
1879, an "education center for native Ainu" was established, and this was the
beginning of the Ainu School. The school educated 20 students in one classroom.
After this activity, the Ainu children began to attain academic ability almost equal tothat of their Japanese counterparts. One of the characteristics of this educational
method is that only Japanese is used. Therefore, we thought that small-groupclassroom instruction using only the language they wanted to learn would be themost effective. However, the problems of funding and cultural transmission have notbeen solved. We thought that these problems could be solved by reconsidering theissue from the perspective of volunteer activities. Therefore, we focused on two
points: universities in Vietnam and Japan, and funding activities conducted in Japan.
There are several universities in Japan where Vietnamese can be studied.
The Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, for example, has several partner
universities in Vietnam. Partner universities are universities and institutions withwhich TUFS has academic and student exchange agreements. At the partner
universities, students learn four skills, conduct highly challenging activities such as
creating a research project in Vietnamese, and actually have conversations with
Vietnamese people. Many universities offer such activities, and it is possible forJapanese to actually interact with Vietnamese. However, there is a problem of lack offunds for volunteers in Vietnam. There are other underfunded countries where somevolunteer activities are conducted, and most of them involve NGOs. Various funding
methods exist. The first is the donation method. A donation is a one-time or fixednumber of donations of money or property in support of the purpose of a specificproject or organization. Street donations, crowdfunding, and other solicited donationsof goods such as unused postcards and used books are also donations. The second
is membership recruitment. This is the process of recruiting members and charging
them a certain amount of dues each month or each year. Of the two, we considered
the use of donations. We thought that fundraising would be the most effective
method. We thought that it would be difficult to receive continuous support becauseof the small number of Vietnamese language learners and the lack of exchange
between Japan and Vietnam. We thought that the best way to do this would be to
conduct volunteer activities as a single activity within the university. The funds
required for temporary activities are small, and crowdfunding is efficient because
funds can be raised from all over the world, making it easy to gather funds.
Another issue is how to pass on culture, and we believe that cultural
exchange is the most effective way to do this. Cultural exchange has various
advantages, including the opportunity to learn a foreign language, to understanddifferent cultures and values, and to reflect on one's own country and oneself. The
two most common reasons why cultures disappear are that they are no longer
valuable and that there is no one left to pass them on. However, this method makes
it possible to pass on the culture. In addition, many of the people who go to Vietnam
to volunteer are interested in the country, so the Japanese side will also benefit.
Therefore, we propose this method based on two points: mutual benefit and ease of
implementation.
3 Conclusion
In conclusion, we propose that universities raise funds and crowdfunding forlanguage volunteers in Vietnam, and that university students provide language
instruction at elementary schools in Vietnam for a short period of time. We also
propose a cultural exchange program between Vietnam and Japan with the aim ofpassing on Vietnamese culture. In the future, we would like to propose a method ofgathering Vietnamese volunteers for volunteering in Vietnam, by reading articles andpapers on volunteer activities in other countries and considering what can be
introduced in Vietnam.
4 Referenceshttp://www.tufs.ac.jp/admission/navi/education/27languages/languages/vietnamese.html
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies September 10, 2022
https://www.bunka.go.jp/seisaku/bunkazai/hokoku/chiikiokoshi_gaiyo.html
Agency for Cultural Affairs About regional development utilizing traditional culture
September 15
https://takarabune.org/blog/?p=52
TAKARABLOG September 10, 2022
https://www.kanagawa-u.ac.jp/international/overview/agreed/
Kanagawa University What is a partner university? September 10, 2022
https://haa.athuman.com/media/japanese/world/2323/
Nihongo Nichinichi Benefits of Cultural Exchange September 20, 2022
https://shingakunet.com/searchList/ksl_daitan/gl_dd010/gs_d1035/
Study Supplement Preparatory Language School September 29, 2022
https://gloleacebu.com/fundraising-2/
About NGO September 10
Ministry of Foreign Affairs SDGS
https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/sdgs/case/goal4.html
May 3, 2021
ECOTOPIA
https://www.google.com/amp/s/ecotopia.earth/article-117/amp/
May 3, 2021
world visionhttps://www.worldvision.jp/children/education_03.html
May 3, 2021
kotobanku
https://kotobank.jp/word/
July 25, 2021
Amnestyhttps://www.amnesty.or.jp/human-rights/topic/minority/
July 25, 2021
United Nations Public Information Tourhttps://www.unic.or.jp/activities/humanrights/discrimination/indigenous_people/

July 25, 2021
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chukyo/chukyo3/siryo/attach/1379013.htm
July 25, 2021
English Family Strengths of Japanese Education
https://www.eigofamily.com/archives/3742
July 25, 2021
History of Japanese Language Education - Through the Case of the Ainu People in
the Meiji Taisho Period
file:///home/chronos/u-b3996d7c

Exporting Edible Insects〜Making the Best use of Domestic Brands〜
5326 Honda Oki
Abstract
I have previously researched on expanding the market for insect food in Japan, but I
found it is difficult because people in Japan are afraid to eat these foods. So, consuming inJapan will not be a good solution. I think exporting to the EU is better. Last year, the EU
recognized insect food as a “Nobel Food”. These days, many countries export insect food to
the EU such as Vietnam, Korea, Thailand, Canada. And these countries are mass producers
and account for most of the world market share. So, how can we market Japanese foodinsects to the world? I found the next issue is how to take advantage of domestic production.
I want to suggest that Japan should industrialize the genetic modification of insects using its
own technology.
1 .Introduction
Currently, food shortages are becoming an issue due to rapid population growth andclimate change. The same can be said for livestock as well as grains. In addition, thepopulation is expected to continue to grow, reaching approximately 9 billion by 2050. Also,
as the figure below shows, the world's hungry population has been on the rise since FY2017.
To meet the food needs of that population, about 1.5 times the current grain consumption of
about 2.6 billion tons would be needed. I have been researching food since last year.
Therefore, I wanted to solve this problem by relating it to food technology, which I am
interested in. Currently, "Food Tech" (a coined word of "food" and "technology") such as
genome editing and mass production of pesticide-free vegetables are attracting attention. And
one area in particular that has been studied in recent years is entomophagy.

[Prepared jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), theWorld Food Program (WEP), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World
Health Organization (WHO), and other UN agencies.]
In Japan, however, edible insects are treated as a ghetto food and are not accepted aspart of the national diet. Also, locust tsukudani (food boiled in soy sauce and sugar) and bee
larvae, which were eaten over a wide area until a decade ago, are no longer seen in Japan. It
is difficult to increase the demand for entomophagy in Japan. Therefore, we decided to
conduct our research with the goal of increasing the domestic market by exporting
entomophagy.
I searched for articles in English and used them as reference research. We will
investigate what kind of approaches domestic companies are taking to increase the market. I
will also investigate which parts of the entomophagy production process domestic companies
are currently focusing their efforts on and devising. From this, I will consider how to devise
ways to export entomophagy to other countries in the future.
2 . Discussions and implications
With the United Nations predicting that the world population will reach nearly 9.8
billion by 2050, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has beenworking since 2003 to make insects edible because of their high nutritional value, including
high quality protein, vitamins, and amino acids, and their low environmental impact. In orderto ensure a safe and stable supply of insects, attention has been focused on their cultivation,
their conversion into edible products, and the development of processed foods.
The EU Regulation on "Novel Foods (Novel Foods)" came into effect on January 1,
2018, stipulating insects as novel foods, which means that insects can be distributed
throughout the EU as food products and is expected to expand the market. For the period
January 1, 2018-January 1, 2019, the Finnish Food Safety Authority (EVIRA) has approved
the production and sale of six types of farmed insects for human consumption. They also said
that for the time being, only insects farmed in the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, the United
Kingdom, and Switzerland will be allowed to be imported for human consumption.
Let us pick up specific examples of European companies . EntoCube (founded in2014, headquartered in Espoo) develops insect farming equipment. The company
manufactures cube-shaped equipment of various sizes according to customer requirements,
and the temperature, amount of water, and amount of feed in the equipment can be
automatically adjusted by a cylinder developed by the company. Robert Nemlandel, anengineer at Entcube and founder of the company, said, "We initially developed aquaculture
equipment in the size of a 20 cubic meter container. However, now some conventional
farmers are converting to insect farming, and many thousand-square-meter buildings thatwere previously barns or other facilities are being converted to insect farms" . The company
also wholesales farmed crickets to its partner food manufacturers to make them edible andsells them as snacks and cereal foods mixed with peanuts. Cricket feces are also sold to thecompany as a raw material for fertilizers, making it a truly circular economy. The company
has contributed in no small way to the government's policy of promoting a circular economy,
including lobbying the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry for the approval ofentomophagy. Entcube was established at the "Startup Sauna," an NPO located on the Aalto
University campus that supports startup companies. The company still has an office in theStartup Sauna's communal space.
Nordic Insect Economy (NIE) (established in 2014, headquartered in Kouvola)
manufactures not only aquaculture equipment but also processors that turn insects into
powder according to customer needs, which it also sells as a set with its aquaculture
equipment. About 50% of its sales are exported, mainly to Malaysia and Indonesia, and it islooking for partners in Thailand and the United States. In the U.S., the company has soldprototypes of insects produced in its aquaculture facilities as snacks, including
chocolate-coated insects. President Santtu Bekkeri, who also founded the company, expressed
his ambitions: "We are very interested in the Japanese market, and if we can find a partner,
we would like to export to Japan as well. Entcube and Nordic Insect Economy are both small
companies with three to six employees founded by young people, but both have received
grants from the Technology and Innovation Enterprise Fund of Finland (TEKES) and aresupported by the government, which promotes a circular economy. Their future development
is expected as food innovation companies that contribute to a circular society.
Fatsel Bakery, a leading confectionery and bread manufacturer, has been developing
bread made with insects since the summer of 2016, and on November 24, 2017 began sellingthe first edible insect "cricket bread" in Finland in general supermarkets. Approximately 70
powdered crickets are used in a loaf of bread, which is 3% of the total amount of flour(including wheat flour) used. The price is 3.99 euros (about 523 yen; 1 euro = about 131yen). In a press release dated November 23, the company said, "We want to be at theforefront of the food revolution. We want to be at the forefront of the food revolution, andwith our artisanal, handmade breads we want to grow the insect bread segment significantlyin the future.” said Markus Hellstrom, president of the company. The author spoke with abaker at the company's bakery in a supermarket who was demonstrating and selling the breadin March. At the present stage, we cannot yet secure a stable supply in large quantities
domestically, but we hope to procure it domestically in the future. According to interviews
with the two companies, Entcube and Nordic Insect Economy, insect farming and sales are
currently conducted in the EU member countries of the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium,
Austria, Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Finland, and outside the EU in
Switzerland. Switzerland is the only country outside the EU.
On the other hand, Tsukiyono Farm sells the largest amount of live crickets in Japan.
It delivers live crickets to zoos, aquariums, research institutes, and universities throughout
Japan, where they can be purchased by the general public. The farm is maintained in thefavorable environment of a UNESCO Eco Park through an ecological environment
management formation system, which allows for a stable supply of safe, fresh, healthy, andhighly nutritious phytophthora and Europaea crickets, even in the middle of a very hotsummer or extremely cold midwinter. However, this company does not market them forhuman consumption as entomophagy. Another well-known company that manufactures andsells entomophagy is TAKEO Corporation, which in 2022 became the first entomophagy
company to win the Good Design Award for its "Tortoise Cider. The company prepares
mainly heat-dried products with high-quality insect foods from overseas, and products made

from domestic insects account for a total of 18 products. However, they do not export theirproducts outside of Japan.
From the above, it was found that European and U.S. companies, which have greatly
expanded the market for entomophagy, place a greater emphasis on exports than on domestic
consumption.
3 . Conclusions
It was found that the reason why entomophagy is tolerated in Europe is because
insects themselves are not abundant due to the cold weather in many of those regions andthere is no tradition of entomophagy, so there is no prejudice against insects and they are
accepted purely as a food for the new age. There is also a national tendency to think logicallyand to see them as a solution to environmental problems and food shortages.
On the other hand, it was found that entomophagy has not taken root in Japan becauseof the prevailing negative image of insects as "unsanitary" and "scary looking," along with
the influence of Westernization. However, it was also found that Japanese women are more
voracious eaters than their male counterparts, and that when served with cockroach dishes,
women eat them with amusement.
In order to create value on a global scale in the field of entomophagy, it is necessary
to develop and produce safe and tasty entomophagy produced by Japan's advanced
processing technology. There are two ways to trade: either dried insects are exported orprocessed into products. Insects from overseas are dried under intense heat and transported
over a long period of time, during which time they are oxidized to a considerable extent anddevelop an undesirable oxidized odor. On the other hand, domestically produced insects havea fresh flavor due to their high freshness. In other words, the distance between Japan andIndonesia and Thailand, where the consumption of insects is high, is much closer than inWestern countries, where exports are currently flourishing. In addition, Japanese beef is sowell known in Japanese as "WAGYU" and "WAGYU BEEF" that it is eaten around the world
and attracts attention. This shows that Japan's aquaculture and breeding technologies areamong the best in the world. (Fig. 2) Therefore, it would be possible to produce Japanesebrand insects with good taste and high nutritional value by successfully breeding andimproving insects. (Fig. 3) There are several species of edible crickets, which are
representative of insect eating. If more aquaculture plants are built in Japan that can provide astable supply, it will not be long before Japan accounts for a large portion of the world's
insect market.
[ Fig.2]

https://official.niku-higasihara.co.jp/contents/f1[Fig.3]https://plusmirai.com/cricket-species/
4 . References
・https://insectsasfood.russell.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/246/2012/09/18
Edible insects as minilivestock 2022 6/14
・https://www.jetro.go.jp/biz/areareports/2018/201f62a5302626d3.html
JETRO 6 kinds of insects to be manufactured and sold as edible (Finland) 2022 9/2
・https://official.niku-higasihara.co.jp/contents/f1
Wagyu, F1 (crossbred) and Japanese Beef 2022 9/30
・https://plusmirai.com/cricket-species/
Crickets have different tastes depending on their species 2022 9/30

・https://entomo.jp/blog/edible-insects-advantage.html
entomo 2021 6/22
・https://allabout.co.jp/gm/gc/476362/
All about Advantages and disadvantages of entomophagy...and the UN and IKEA?
2021 6/22
・https://takeo.tokyo/note/answer-honestly/#ah-3-3
TAKEO 2021 6/22

To increase Literacy rate of African countries-How do we get African children ready for school?5327 Yano Yuta
Abstract
To begin with, the purpose of this study is to improve literacy rates in Africa. Africa is home
to many countries with low literacy rates by global standards. Because many people in Africa
are unable to read or write, which interferes with their daily lives and sometimes endangers
their lives, raising the literacy rate in Africa is an important issue to be addressed. In order tosolve this problem, I propose the installation of wells and recharging facilities using solar
panels in African schools.
1 Introduction
To begin with, literacy rate refers to the percentage of people who can read and write ineveryday life. If we look at the current world literacy rate, the value is 86%; if we restrict
ourselves to the least developed countries, the value is 63%. This means that the remaining
14%, or about 781 million people, cannot even read or write in their daily lives. Illiteracy
impairs many aspects of their life. For example, they are unable to escape poverty because
they cannot get a job, they cannot avoid danger because they cannot read signs, and they
are cut off from society because they cannot get information from the government and othersources. For this reason, I believe that raising the world's literacy rate is an important issue,
and I have been conducting research to solve this problem.
2 Discussion and Implication
First, I have given African countries as the subject of this study. As you can see from thefigure, the low literacy rate in African countries is particularly serious among the world's
countries. The main reason why literacy rates are low in Africa is that children are not able toattend school. Schools, especially elementary schools, are important institutions wherechildren learn the most basic things they need to know in order to succeed in society, suchas reading and writing, calculation, and general knowledge. Therefore, in African countries
where the number of children who cannot attend school is high, the literacy rate is inevitably
low. In addition to the lack of schools, the main reasons for not being able to attend school
include the need to do household chores, sometimes being forced to work, inability to pay
school fees, and lack of parental understanding. I thought it was a waste that some children
could not go to school even though they were available, and I considered what could bedone to help them go to school. I would like to propose the installation of a well in one school
and the construction of a recharging facility at the school where mobile batteries are lent by
the school to the students. The first proposal is to install wells because people in Africa
spend many hours a day drawing water. According to the Japan Committee for UNICEF,
more than 3.3 million children in Africa currently walk long distances to carry heavy water
every day. In light of this, I thought that by installing wells at schools, children could spend
the time they used to spend fetching water to study at school. In addition, the amount ofwater needed for a child's family may not be enough for a child to bring back and forth. So
how do African children do it today? It seems that they make several round trips or use
animals. Therefore, we would like to rent carts and set up a place to store animals in parallelwith the installation of wells. And as for the second proposal, we thought this could be a way
to create meaning for parents to send their children to school. As shown in the figure, cell
phones are spreading rapidly in Africa, and currently the penetration rate of cellphones isover 80%. However, the electrical infrastructure has not yet been fully spread in Africa. So
how do people in Africa charge their cell phones? They go to stores in urban areas wherethey can charge their cell phones and charge them there. So I thought that if schools lent
mobile batteries to students and built charging facilities using solar panels at schools,
children could store electricity while attending school, and this would create a meaning ofgoing to school. And since mobile batteries can be used not only for cell phones but also forlights and other electrical appliances, I think they will be useful for children to have study
time at home and to help with household chores.

3 Conclusion
Based on the above considerations, I would like to propose the installation of wells andrecharging facilities using solar panels in African schools. I believe that this proposal will
enable more children to go to school because it will reduce the burden of children's chores
and help their parents to understand the importance of the project. Future issues to beaddressed include the amount of money it would cost to implement these proposals andtheir feasibility. Specifically, the cost per well and solar panel, the number of wells and solar
panels needed in Africa, the budget of each country, and the amount of aid that can be
expected are some of the factors to be considered, so I would like to ask professional
associations and governments directly. And I would also like to discuss this proposal in more
depth, as we do not yet know how much effect it will have.
4 References
gooddohttps://gooddo.jp/magazine/education/education_africa/4107/
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/education/education_africa/

https://gooddo.jp/magazine/water-and-sanitation/africa_sanitation/2147/
world visionhttps://www.worldvision.jp/children/education_01.html
https://www.worldvision.jp/children/education_11.html
unicefhttps://www.unicef.or.jp/sfa/report/reason.html
all over coffee
http://ryushimo.blogspot.com/2014/01/blog-post.html

New Means of Transportation Replacing the Automobile〜To reduce the progression of global warming〜
15th year student, 5th grade, 3rd class, 29th place, Sota Yoshii
Abstract
The study's brief is to propose a new means of transportation to curb global
warming. The conclusion is to introduce an LRT system and semi-mandatory shift oftransportation to the LRT system. This will significantly reduce carbon dioxide
emissions,thus curbing global warming.
1. Introduction
The effects of global warming
are currently a major problem
throughout the world. Nevertheless, thedeveloping countries that produce alarge amount of carbon dioxide, thecause of global warming, havewithdrawn from efforts to reducecarbon dioxide emissions, and we believe that efforts themselves are still far from
sufficient. As can be seen from the graph, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions
from automobiles currently accounts for 86.1% of the total emissions from thetransportation sector, which is a very large amount. I focused on this and proceededwith my research to see if I could make a proposal that would reduce carbon dioxide
emissions while at the same time having no significant impact on convenience. I also
thought that if I could propose a clear solution through this research. And if I could
make it practical and spread it around the world, I would be able to make a great
contribution to the entire world by halting the progression of global warming, which
is currently the world's biggest problem.
First, public transportation systems that could be used in place of automobiles
in daily life were listed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each were identified.
From these, select one to focus on. (This is to avoid getting into a variety of different
ones and ending up halfway through all of them.) I consider what problems could becited if that mode of transportation were used in place of the automobile. We will also
talk to related companies and investigate what problems can be raised on the company

side. I consider countermeasures and preventive measures for the issues raised in one
way or another, and incorporate them into your plan. They will put together their own
plan, taking into account the opinions
of experts and other people. They will
also simulate the problems that willarise when they expand their plans to
the rest of the world. Based on the
results of the simulation, theparticipants will then develop a plan for each region, or change the plan to one thatcan be applied worldwide. The procedure is as follows.
2. Discussion and implications
As a result of my research, I found that railroads emit the least amount ofcarbon dioxide per unit of transportation, as can be seen from the graph on the right.
From this, I decided to propose a proposal that utilizes railroads. In the course of myresearch, I found the LRT system. In this article, I would like to focus on this system.
LRT stands for "Light Rail Transit," a next-generation rail transit system withexcellent features in terms of ease of boarding and alighting, punctuality, speed, andcomfort through the use of low-floor vehicles (LRVs) and improvements to tracks andstops. LRT is a next-generation track-based transportation system. The LRT vehicles
are comfortable with little noise and vibration, have a low, flat floor, and have almost
no gap or difference in level between
the platform (boarding area) and thevehicle, run on dedicated rails toensure punctual operation, and run on
the road so that they can be smoothly
linked with other modes oftransportation. The system runs on
the road, so it can be smoothly
coordinated with other modes oftransportation. Freiburg, Germany, is an example of an early adopter. Freiburg is
located in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany and has been
known as a university city since the Middle Ages. Since there is a city of the same
name in Switzerland (Freiburg), the official name of the city is Freiburg im Breisgau,

named after the region. The city is located on the Rhine River, with Alsace in France
on the other side of the river and Basel in Switzerland to the south, making it a bordercity. With a population of 190,000, Freiburg has recently been recognized as a citywith the best environmental policy and is famous in Japan as the Environmental
Capital of the World. Freiburg's LRT is inextricably linked to the city's environmental
transportation policy: when the Black Forest (a tourist attraction in Freiburg) died in
the 1970s due to acid rain, the cause was found to be the worsening of air pollution
caused by exhaust gasses from increased automobile traffic, especially on highways.
There was a growing movement among the citizens of Freiburg to switch from cars towalking, bicycles, and public transportation in order to reduce car exhaust emissions
and protect the Black Forest, even if only for long distances. At the time, Freiburg's
streetcar lines had been scaled back from their prewar scale and were running in
traffic jams on narrow city streets. The city was even considering abolishing thestreetcars. The city center's functions were severely hampered by road congestion, andthe city needed to do something about it. Therefore, the city of Freiburg decided torestrict automobile access to the city center, strengthen the streetcar and bus system,and shift to an urban transportation system centered on public transportation. Streetsin the city center were closed to cars and turned into transit malls (transit centers)
where people and streetcars could go back and forth, and cars bypassed the city centerby taking the ring road. In the 80's and 90's, the LRT line was extended to the western
suburbs of the city, and the line network was greatly expanded. All LRT trains are
now equipped with at least one nonstep entrance and exit. Freiburg is the number one
city in Germany where people want to live. While the population of Germany as awhole is declining due to the birth rate, the population of Freiburg continues to grow.
It is not a bedroom community for a large city. When we asked the public relations
manager of the transportation bureau why this is the case, he could answer in one
word: "Because it is a beautiful city. In addition to the mild climate, Freiburg has abeautiful city center with an emphasis on bicycles and pedestrians, and a convenientand inexpensive public transportation system, the LRT. Today, the LRT system is an
integral part of Freiburg's transportation system. Freiburg's LRT system uses a
regional commuter pass, which was introduced in 1984 to protect the environment.
The regional commuter pass, which was introduced in 1984 to protect theenvironment, was expanded in 1991 to cover all public transportation in the Freiburgmetropolitan area. 89% of all users currently use the regional commuter pass, whichcosts €37.5 per month or €375 for an annual pass.
This time, I will make a proposal based on this precedent. First, we assume
that the system will be introduced to Japan. In Japan, LRT systems have been
introduced in Utsunomiya (scheduled to open in FY2023) and Toyama. Here, we willconsider the three main objectives: ① environmentally friendly city planning, ②
revitalization of public transportation, and ③ revitalization of rural areas. First,
regarding ① environmentally friendly city planning, as in Freiburg, the goal is toprohibit the entry of automobiles (except for emergency vehicles such as ambulancesand police cars, and vehicles that have applied for the system) into the city center after
the LRT system is introduced. This is intended to reduce the opportunities forautomobile use with some degree of enforcement. After all, according to human
psychology, if there is a loophole, people will inevitably want to go that way, so theloophole will be closed off. However, because a sudden transition is very likely tocause confusion among residents, I’m aiming for a gradual transition over a period ofseveral years. After the transition, I would like to make the LRT system (streetcar),bicycles, and walking the main means of transportation, with a shared bicycle service
to be installed at the transit center. Transit centers are like train stations. Each transit
center will serve as a transportation hub for its area and will be the foundation forpeople's flow lines. Regarding the next point ②, even if only the LRT system is
introduced here, it is essential to link it with other modes of transportation to increasedemand. Therefore, the LRT system should be able to connect to JR lines and bus
lines. In this case, it is necessary to rebuild not only the LRT system but also thetransportation infrastructure of the region as a whole. Therefore, the wiring of the
LRT system needs to be set up with careful attention to the behavioral patterns of thepeople in the region. Regarding the timetable, the LRT system is expected to operate
every 5 minutes during rush hours and every 10 to 15 minutes during other times ofthe day. Regarding point ③, regional revitalization, we believe that this can be donein conjunction with point ②, revitalization of public transportation. By activating
public transportation and concentrating various urban functions such as residence,commerce, business, and culture along its route, it is necessary to realize compact
urban development with a concentration of urban centers centering on public
transportation. Therefore, I believe that improving access to hospitals, shopping
centers, etc. is essential. I believe that this will help shift the means of transportation

from private cars to public transportation (LRT system, trains, subways, buses, etc.)
and bicycles.
3. Conclusion
The conclusion is to introduce a community-based LRT system, aiming toshift the mode of transportation away from automobiles. At the same time, we would
like to change the structure of the city to a compact city type and reconfigure it so that
the LRT system can be used to get around facilities necessary for daily life, thereby
increasing the percentage of elderly people returning their driver's licenses, reducing
traffic accidents, and promoting the shift of transportation from automobiles to the
LRT system. Looking ahead, I believe it is necessary to improve practical issues suchas cost, timetable, and vehicle operation when actually introducing the system. I also
hope to listen to the voices of actual users and create something more comfortable.
4. References
https://www.mlit.go.jp/sogoseisaku/environment/sosei_environment_tk_000007.html
https://www.mlit.go.jp/road/sisaku/lrt/lrt_index.html
https://www.miyarail.co.jp/company/?overview
https://www.chitetsu.co.jp/?page_id=656
https://www.chitetsu.co.jp/?page_id=47335
https://www.chitetsu.co.jp/?page_id=48043
http://www.jtpa.or.jp/contents2/lrt/LRTforFutureUrbanDevelopment.html
https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/88225
http://www.waseda.jp/sem-fox/memb/18s/kukimoto/kukimoto.index.html#:~:text=%E6%88%A6%E6%99%82%E4%B8%AD%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89,%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8C%E8%A6%81%E5%9B%A
0%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%80%82

religious persecution
religion and freedom of thinking
abstract
I divide religious persecution into two situations. That from nations and that from people.
Most religions that are persecuted and are not known to Japanese are the former, and some of
the latter are well known to us, for example, Aum Shinrikyo. The two situations are different
and very serious. We should solve the problem by finding a good way to relate to them.
introduction
The right of freedom, which is mentioned in The Constitution of Japan, has some rights,
particularly the right of believing. It is said that we are allowed to believe in any religion. But
many people believing in part of religion are persecuted in the world because of the subject ofbelieving. Therefore, I decided to study it as a problem to solve in the world. I would search
the internet and some literature for the religions and find the recent problems of the religions.
main article
I found [Horinko], a religion persecuted by the Chinese nation. It has at best 70 million
believers. Therefore, the Chinese nation perceived it as dangerous, and persecuted it.
Another religion is Baha’i faith. Until recent years, it was persecuted by the Iran nation, but
in 2010 united nations, Iran was asked to stop the persecution, and it decreased.
Nations should protect their rights actively, so nations should stop persecution. I also thinkthat it is effective to have the United Nations ask to stop.
conclusion
As a result, it is good to adopt the solutions for the persecutions in the United Nations, or tosend the solutions.
literatures
HUMAN RIGHT WATCH
最終更新日 2010 2月13日
観覧日 2021 10月13日
https://www.hrw.org/ja
法務省 https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/content/930002807.pdf
最終更新日 2010
観覧日 2020 11月17日
ウィキペディア

The Difficulty of World Heritage Protection~To protect world cultural heritage~
5402 Eito Asai
abstract
I began this study with the goal of saving the world's endangered heritage
sites. In conclusion, I propose the integration of World Heritage sites into local
economies, the conversion of World Heritage sites into tourist destinations, and thestrengthening of education on World Heritage in developing countries. First, byintegrating World Heritage sites into local economies, it is possible to instill in local
residents the awareness that World Heritage sites should be protected. In addition,
by supporting World Heritage sites throughout the region, we believe it will make iteasier to cooperate with the tourism industry and businesses and attract tourists.
Next, regarding the conversion of World Heritage sites into tourist destinations, I
believe that we can take advantage of their rarity to attract tourists. Finally, regarding
World Heritage education, protection activities are not progressing because World
Heritage sites are not well understood. Therefore, it is necessary to convey theimportance of World Heritage to children, who will be responsible for the future,through education.
1 Introduction
In my research and study last year, I learned that there are 52 World Heritage
sites in the world that are threatened by conflicts and natural disasters. I thought that
protecting World Heritage sites, which are precious cultural assets, would have greatsignificance for the future development and research of cultural assets. In addition, I
conducted this research last year because it also applied to my own interests. And
this year, I decided to continue my research on the same theme, hoping to study
what I could not understand in last year's research. The basic research method was
to gather information on the Internet. In addition, we used information from last year's
fieldwork at the Tomioka Silk Mill to conduct our research.
2 Discussion and implications

The problems that the heritage sites are currently facing are: the large
amount of damage caused by conflicts and other man-made and natural disasters,
and the lack of funds to cope with these disasters. In addition, the three problems
are the poor manners of tourists. The main purpose of this research is to protect theWorld Heritage in Crisis. To achieve this goal, I considered two directions:fundraising and education.
First, I thought that by raising funds, we could use the money for restoration andcountermeasures against damage caused by disasters and tourists. Currently, themain sources of income for World Heritage sites are the World Heritage Fund,
income from national and local governments, and income from tourism. However,there is a lack of support in many areas. The World Heritage Fund is an international
fund financed by the State Parties' contributions, voluntary contributions, and various
donations. It is used to protect heritage in danger and to assist developing countries
in registering new World Heritage sites. However, it has been pointed out that the
number of newly registered heritage sites is too large to support those in danger. It is
important to protect newly registered World Heritage sites. However, it would bemeaningless if the number of World Heritage sites in danger were to disappear as aresult of such protection. However, it is difficult to save all World Heritage sites
because of the limited financial resources available for their protection. Therefore, I
thought that World Heritage sites could be revitalized in a sustainable manner byintegrating them into the local economy.
I also thought that by attracting tourists, a large income could be generated. As aresult of my actual fieldwork at the Tomioka Silk Mill, I learned many things. In order
to attract tourists, the Tomioka Silk Mill was also making multilingual and barrier-freefacilities and using an app to provide tourist information. Therefore, even though it
was a weekday, many people came to the site to see the sights. It also seemed thatevents were held regularly. Furthermore, they were restoring the facilities andpreserving the landscape at the same time. The admission fee was 1,000 yen, which
I felt was a little expensive, but I felt that the price was still sufficient to satisfy myneeds.
Next, regarding education, I thought it was necessary to convey the importance ofWorld Heritage sites to children by having elementary, junior high, and high schools
use World Heritage sites for classes and social studies field trips. We found that
there are factors that can be solved through education, such as tourist etiquette anddestruction caused by environmental development, as causes of the destruction ofWorld Heritage sites.
3 Conclusion
In conclusion of this study, I propose the integration of World Heritage sites
into local economies, the transformation of World Heritage sites into tourist
destinations, and the strengthening of education about World Heritage sites
throughout the world, especially in developing countries.
First, incorporating World Heritage sites into local economies will help sustain andrevitalize them. Specifically, World Heritage sites should be integrated into the daily
lives of residents, such as in educational settings and community centers, to makepeople aware of World Heritage sites. We also propose that stores, facilities, andcompanies in the community cooperate to attract tourists and turn the area into a
tourist destination. First, ask educational institutions such as junior high schools,
elementary schools, and high schools to use World Heritage sites as teachingmaterials. By handling them in social studies tours and classes, we can expect togenerate significant income. In addition, community centers in the region can also
hold exhibitions and projects on World Heritage sites. We believe that many local
residents will become aware of their local World Heritage sites and actually visit andsupport them.
We also thought that we could generate significant income by turning World
Heritage sites into tourist attractions. There are more than 1,000 World Heritage
sites in the world today, and each World Heritage site has remarkable universal
value. Therefore, if they are turned into tourist attractions, a certain number oftourists can be expected. Of course, as the number of tourists increases, there areproblems such as the destruction and defacement of heritage sites. However, withthe cooperation of local residents, we believe that this can be addressed. However,
we cannot make too many changes to the World Heritage site because it would be acomplete loss of value if the site loses its value as a World Heritage site even if it isturned into a tourist attraction. However, we believe that we can still attract tourists
by making the area barrier-free and multilingual.
Next, regarding education, it is necessary to convey the importance of World
Heritage sites to children by having elementary, junior high, and high schools use
World Heritage sites in their classes and social studies field trips. This is because it

is children who will protect the future of World Heritage sites. We thought that it isvery important for them to know about World Heritage sites from a young age and tofeel their importance more. One problem is that developed countries have sufficient
educational environments, but developing countries, for example, are not prepared
to provide education. In fact, there are World Heritage sites in developing countries,
and people can actually learn about them there, but there are not enough educators.
There are many World Heritage sites in developed countries that have been turned
into tourist attractions or are in danger due to weather disasters. On the other hand,the situation is different in developing countries, where World Heritage sites are often
not protected due to a lack of understanding among residents, or are destroyed due
to conflicts. It is thought that these damages can be prevented through education.
Therefore, the effect of protecting World Heritage sites through education isconsidered to be greater than what is done in developed countries. Therefore, wethought that educational activities in developing countries should be further promoted
through support from developed countries and the economic measures mentioned
above.
4 References
Current Situation and Issues of World Heritage - Importance of World Heritage
Education
Yoshida Yoshihisa Professor, Faculty of World Heritage Studies, Cyber University
https://www.cyber-u.ac.jp/about/pdf/bulletin/0001/0001_10.pdf
Date viewed 06/08
Japan's World Natural Heritage: World Heritage Convention
Ministry of the Environment, Japan
https://www.env.go.jp/nature/isan/worldheritage/japanese/whabout/agreement.html
Date viewed 06/29
Current Status and Issues of the World Heritage Convention
Associate Professor, Department of World Heritage, Graduate School ofComprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Masato Yoshida, Chairman of the Japanese Committee of the International Union forConservation of Naturehttps://www.city.kushiro.lg.jp/common/000038135.pdf
Date viewed 06/29
A Study on the Current Status and Issues of the World Heritage Convention
Etsuo Sato, Faculty of Sociology, Toyama International University
https://www.tuins.ac.jp/common/docs/library/2013gensha-PDF/2013-04satoh.pdf
List of World Heritage in Danger
UNESCO
http://whc.unesco.org/en/danger/
Date viewed 08/20

Solving the Shortage of Pharmacists
ーEffective Training in Developing Countriesー
5404 Ayaka Ishikawa
Research Abstract
Last year, when I was researching how to solve the shortage of pharmacists in Africa (Inarrowed down the target area to Madagascar in the second half), my friend asked, "Isn't itpossible to create a system where you can receive a salary while you are still in school?" I got
some feedback and thought it was a great idea.
Therefore, this year, in order to train pharmacists in developing countries, I thought about asystem that allows students to receive a student allowance while attending school. When I
thought about getting a student allowance, I thought of referring to the National Defense
Academy of Japan.
1 Introduction
In developing countries, mainly in Africa, the shortage of doctors, nurses, and pharmacists
has become a problem. The profession of pharmacist plays an important role in developing
countries where the number of doctors is small relative to the population and access toappropriate medical care is difficult. Residents seem to rely on pharmacists, who are moreaccessible than doctors. Also, in developing countries, there are few people who haveknowledge about medicine, and counterfeit medicine is often sold. In such a case, a sufficientnumber of pharmacists who are specialists in medicine must be secured. In addition, theshortage of pharmacists is thought to have a negative impact on educational activities for
infectious disease prevention and drug inventory management. The purpose of the research is
to avoid these situations by advancing the training of pharmacists.
In order to train pharmacists, creating a school like the National Defense Academy in Japan
where students can receive a student allowance while attending school will lead to school
shortages, child labor, money shortages, natural disasters, conflicts, shortages of teachers, andinadequate facilities. I thought that I could solve the reason why African children do not go toschool, such as the low understanding of education.
2 Discussion and implicationsFirst, ”which country has ashortage of pharmacists?" In
terms of the number ofpharmacists per 10,000 people,
Japan has the second highest
ratio of pharmacists in the
population as of 2016, but it was
found that there is considerable
variation depending on the
country. From the bottom of thegraph, they are Madagascar,Uganda, Bangladesh, Zambia, and Rwanda. The current situation is that there are people who
cannot receive appropriate medical care due to the shortage of medical personnel such as
pharmacists in low-income countries.
In last year's research, I aimed to introduce a pharmacy technician system and advance themechanization of pharmacies. First, regarding the pharmacy technician system, it takes yearsof school to become a pharmacist, but up to two years to become a pharmacy technician.
Also, the cost to become a pharmacist can range from $65,000 up to $200,000, while the costto become a pharmacy technician is $500 to $5,000. It saves a lot of time and money.
However, it was believed that pharmacy technicians could only demonstrate their abilities
under the supervision of pharmacists, and that the goal of increasing the number ofpharmacists would not be achieved. Secondly, the mechanization of pharmacies is difficult
under the financial circumstances of most developing countries, and it is unthinkable to seek
government assistance. And there are areas with few medical facilities outside of urban areasin the first place, so there is almost no profit to be gained by improving the operational
efficiency of pharmacies. With that in mind, the idea of ​mechanizing pharmacies wasabandoned.
According to the Japan Committee for UNICEF, the reason why children in Africa are notattending school is(1) The number of schools is insufficient for the number of children(2)Children work to support the family budget(3) They can't pay their tuition and teaching materials(4) Effects of natural disasters such as droughts and floods, and humanitarian crises such asconflicts(5) There is a shortage of trained teachers, and the quality of classes is poor
(6)School facilities are inadequate(7) Parents and local residents do not understand the importance of education
There are seven such.
Focusing on reason (3), I wanted to create a system to exempt tuition fees. Speaking ofuniversities in Japan where tuition is exempted, it is the National Defense Academy. So whatis the National Defense Academy? According to the website of the National Defense
Academy, various characteristics are written, but the biggest characteristic is that students are
special national civil servants, tuition exemption, clothing, food and housing are covered by
the government. Moreover, the student allowance is about 110,000 yen per month.
Furthermore, it is possible to select a variety of major fields, including 3 fields of humanities
and social sciences and 11 fields of science and engineering. Although there are points thatare the same as ordinary universities, it is not an ordinary university where you can receive asalary (student allowance) (and there are bonuses twice a year). In addition, all students of the
National Defense Academy live in dormitories and live a regular life. (Wake up at 6:00,
morning assembly at 8:00, go to bed at 22:30, etc.)
After graduating, he will be an officer of the Self-Defense Forces.Ground personnel, sea
personnel, and air personnel are appointed as Ground Self-Defense Officers, Maritime
Self-Defense Officers, and Air Self-Defense Officers, respectively. Entered the officer
candidate school of each defense force as an officer candidate.
Athletics... About 9 months of educational training at officer candidate school

+ about 3 months of regular course training→Appointed as a senior Self-Defense Force officer about a year after graduation
Maritime… Approximately one year of education and training at Officer Candidate School→Appointed as a senior SDF officer
Aviation... About half a year of training at officer candidate school+ about half a year of military service→Appointed as a senior Self-Defense Force officer about a year after graduation
As a similar system, some nursing schools exempt scholarship repayment by working for acertain period of time at a designated hospital after graduation.
It is thought that in areas where the medical system is not well-equipped, there are notenough well-equipped facilities in the first place, and there are few experts with knowledge.
3 Conclusion
In order to solve the shortage of pharmacists, create a school like the National Defense
Academy to train pharmacists. Funding is needed to make this idea a reality. In the case of
the National Defense Academy, the government supports students in various ways, and manyof the original funds are covered by taxes from the people. However, this is only possible
because Japan is a country with a relatively high standard of living, and the same cannot bedone in the developing countries that I am considering. In the first place, it is necessary tocollect a large amount of funds to establish it, and on top of that, it is necessary to cover the
students' clothing, food, housing and salaries. I thought about collecting funds throughcrowdfunding, etc., but even if they do, I don't think it's possible to foresee the future if they
continue to rely on support.
Therefore, I came up with a new idea for a correspondence university.
According to the Correspondence Education Association of Private Universities,
correspondence education was institutionalized by the School Education Act in 1947, andwas approved by the Ministry of Education in 1950. It has been practiced for over 70 years
with the needs of those who want to learn. Also, in April 1999, the graduate school beganoffering distance learning for the master's course, and in April 2003, the doctoral coursebegan. University distance learning, which allows students to study while balancing work, is
expected to develop more and more in the future as an educational institution where anyone
can learn anything, anytime, anywhere.Currently, 42 universities, 26 graduate schools, and 11
junior colleges have opened their doors, and about 240,000 people nationwide are studying
according to their learning motivations.
In other words, university distance learning is a formal university curriculum that attempts
to meet the expectations of those who have a love of learning but find it difficult to realize
their goals due to geographical and time constraints. It is open as a stage for re-learning andlifelong learning for working adults.
Also, according to Cyber ​University, a correspondence university is an educational systemcreated in response to the learning needs of people who cannot commute to campus to study
while working. In Japan, there are people who graduate from high school, become working
adults, and study at correspondence universities in order to get a degree and advance theircareers. The learning method is centered on textbooks and face-to-face classes in which
students attend classes at a university for a certain number of times or for a certain period of

time called schooling. You can study at your own pace by minimizing the time spentcommuting to school. Correspondence universities are also approved by the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, so graduates are awarded a bachelor's
degree. Another major attraction is the low tuition fees. Since they do not go to school, there
are no facilities or transportation costs.
Correspondence universities seem to have four methods of registration: regular course
students, auditing students, subject-specific courses, and special courses. According to the
Association of Private Correspondence Education,① Regular student (regular course)
Those who aim to graduate from a university or junior college
A university entrance qualification is required for admission.
② Auditing students (credited students)
Those who wish to upgrade their already acquired teacher's license to an advanced
certificate, require a license for another subject, or wish to acquire a subject that has notbeen completed in the teacher training course at the previous school.
③ Subject-specific registration (non-degree students)
Those who study for professional knowledge and education
Students can freely select and study some of the subjects offered in thecorrespondence course.
④ Special students (credited students)
Those who do not have university entrance qualifications.
There are also correspondence universities overseas.
I would like to propose the creation of a correspondence university where there is not muchneed to create facilities, and overseas pharmacists can give classes as instructors, take classes
remotely, and do homework etc. when there are no classes. However, there are still issues
such as the improvement of the communication environment, which need to be considered in
the future.
4 References
・Pharmacy Workforce Intelligence: Global Trends Report 2018https://www.fip.org/file/2077〈2021/05/02〉
・National Defense Academy website https://www.mod.go.jp/nda/〈2022/06/22〉
・PharmaLab “International Cooperation of Pharmacists “Aiming for medical care that
supports a better life””
https://www.38-8931.com/pharma-labo/column/famous/youko_g02.php〈2022/10/12〉
・"Improving access to healthcare in developing markets"
https://alj.com/en/perspective/improving-healthcare-access-in-developing-markets/〈
2022/07/06〉
・"Poverty is getting worse in Africa, what are the necessary measures and support?"
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/poverty/africa_poverty/2188/〈2022/07/06〉
・Public Interest Incorporated Foundation Japan Committee for UNICEF “Why Africa Needs
Education Support”
https://www.unicef.or.jp/sfa/report/reason.html〈2022/07/06〉
・Cyber ​Universityhttps://www.cyber-u.ac.jp/ikou/tsushin/tsushin.html〈2022/10/12〉

・Public Interest Incorporated Association of Correspondence Education HP
https://www.uce.or.jp/〈2022/10/19〉

Development of iron-fortified vegetables~How to solve anemia with iron-fortified vegetables~
5405 Miku Okmaura
Abstruct
I have been searching for this study since last year to solve anemia. I researched how
to decrease the number of anemia trying to solve anemia caused by training in sports. The
purpose of this study is to reduce the number of people who have anemia by raisingvegetables which contain a large amount of iron ,I’ll say iron-fortified vegetables in thisstudy, no matter what countries, cultures, religions, or what they eat in their everyday lives. In
my opinion, we should cultivate iron-fortified vegetables and send them to developing
countries. Countries with many high levels of anemia are mainly developing countries, andthis is due to nutritional shortages resulting from food shortages. In addition, as I continued in
my research, I learned that there was a study about growing iron-fortified rice in thePhilippines . This study showed me the idea of growing iron-fortified vegetables. In thecultivation of iron-fortified rice in the Philippines, rice was used as a material. However, froma global perspective, there are not many countries where rice is the main food, and I thoughtthat in developing countries where food is in short supply. Therefore, I wondered if thetechnology of iron-fortified rice could be applied to vegetables. Because Japan is the only
country that currently has this technology, we should take it to developing countries that havesurplus land and cultivate iron-fortified vegetables. In return , the developing countries will
receive a portion of the iron-fortified vegetables they have grown. Through this exchange, we
believe that trade can be established between developing countries that do not have much togive and developing countries that do, and that this trade lead to the promotion of healthsuccessfully.

1.Introduction
I have two goals for this study. First thing is to reduce anemia all over the world asmuch as possible. And this study will promote and spread people about iron-fortified
vegetables to improve the balance of nutrition all over the world.
2.Discussion and complication
First, I would search on the Internet for research aimed at improving anemia in daily
life, and look for something that I could apply to my research. Then, I will contact thecompany named “Farm Do'' and ask them about the difficulties and hardships theyencountered in growing the new type of vegetable and how they developed the new type ofvegetable. Based on these, I will consider how I can make the cultivation of iron-fortified
vegetables.
3.Conclusion
First, I will introduce about pre research.In the Philippines, iron-fortified rice washarvested and fed to children aged 6 to 9 years. As a result, they succeeded in reducing thepercentage of anemic people. In addition, five female college students made an iron cooking

instrument into the shape of eggplant to take iron in India, and made a presentation in frontof village women in Allahabad district. They held a cooking class with iron eggplants. In
Vietnam, an intervention study of iron-fortified fish sauce was conducted with 152 anemic
women. The Result was an increase in hemoglobin levels. However,the result of study islimited so there is no suggestion which is spreading all over the world. In addition, most of
the countries where research has been conducted are relatively developing countries, and theelimination of anemia in developed countries is not considered a global issue. There aremany countries where rice is not a staple food, and even if it were being spread, we dont
believe that it would have a global effect. Therefore, I thought that if iron could be takenfrom vegetables, anemia could be decreased at a global scale. Instead of using rice, I came tothe conclusion that iron-fortified vegetables should be cultivated.
In addition, there is a product that allows cooking rice with increased iron content just by
mixing. The product is called "New Gen Supplement Rice," which was released by House
Wellness Foods Co. The product is said to provide nutritions with regular rice and cooking it
together. Although the product has developed , it is not well known and the results of theexperiment have not been applied to a large extent.
Therefore, I would like to propose iron-fortified vegetables. Iron-fortified vegetables
are vegetables fortified with iron, like iron-fortified rice. I have also concluded that it would
be a good idea to grow these in developing countries and provide them in return. In addition,
I have two ideas for growing iron-fortified rice. One is to cultivate using an iron pot, and theother is to feed it some fertilizers containing a lot of iron. I believe that these efforts will
increase the iron levels in the vegetables we grow.
Assignment from now on is to search the mechanism of iron reinforcement rice, andto consider if we can apply that skill to vegetables. Especially, how to make iron
reinforcement rice is made up of a technical field, and it is hard to understand. So I want tosearch for details little by little.
4.References
https://special.nikkeibp.co.jp/as/201207/africa/vol3/step1_p3.html
池上彰と歩くアフリカビジネス
http://www.fmric.or.jp/pub/seika_eastasia.pdf
東アジア食品産業海外展開支援事業成果報告書
https://www.swissinfo.ch/jpn/%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%
A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%8C%E9%89%84%E5%88%86%E5%BC%B7%E5%8C%9
6%E7%B1%B3%E3%82%92%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA/757224
連邦工科大学が鉄分強化米を開発
https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/robust-health/anemia_b_6944290.html
鉄ナスが貧血の危機を救う！インドへ届け鉄ナスプロジェクト！
https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/IFIC_and_JBICI-Studies/jica-ri/publication/archives/jica/kenkyu/03_3
7/pdf/37_03.pdf
開発途上国における鉄欠乏性貧血症対策 Iron Deficiency Anemia Control in Developing Countries
https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/robust-health/anemia_b_6944290.html

飽食先進国で若い女性の貧血が深刻
https://www.msdmanuals.com/ja-jp/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0/13-%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E3%81%AE%E7%97%85%E6%B0%97/%E8%B2%A7%E8%A1%80/%E9%89%84%E6%AC%A0%E4%
B9%8F%E6%80%A7%E8%B2%A7%E8%A1%80
MSDマニュアル家庭版
https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nestle.co.jp/nhw/global_activity/iron_deficiency%23:~:
text%3D%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%2595%258C%25E3%2581%25A7%25E3%2581%25AF%25E3%2580%258116%25EF%25BD%259E20,%25E3%2581%2582%25E3%2582%258B%25E3%2581%25A8%25E6%2
58E%25A8%25E5%25AE%259A%25E3%2581%2595%25E3%2582%258C%25E3%2581%25BE%25E3%25
81%2599%25E3%2580%2582&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1639638704160000&usg=AOvVaw3D2hLOE
AB4GyPUashQ0GOd
ネスレ 鉄欠乏貧血への取り組み

To get rid of the use of automobiles~Further improve bicycle infrastructure and ensure safety of bicyclist~
Chuo secondary School 15期生 5年 4組 6番 Yuta Ozawa

Abstract
We have to stop global warming which is caused by CO2 emission from cars. I haveresearched how to increase the use of bicycles and decrease the amount of CO2 emission
from cars for two years. Therefore, I collected information on current bicycle usage rates,
previous studies, and policies in countries where bicycles are widely used to makesuggestions. As a result, I concluded that two things are necessary to make bicycling easier:(1) improve bicycle infrastructure, (2) ensure the safety of bicyclists. Specifically, regarding(1), existing bicycle paths should be connected and redeveloped to create a trunk line ofbicycle paths so that users can travel to their destinations in as comfortable an environment as
possible. A navigation application should be also created. Regarding (2), the goal is toimprove the knowledge and skills of users by holding training sessions for the general public.

1 Introduction
Now, Global warming is a serious problem all over the world. According to theInternational Energy Agency (IEA), automobiles account for about 25% of this emission.
However, considering that most of the energy for electric vehicles to be used in the future
will come from thermal power generation and that the number of car users in developing
countries is expected to increase, it is difficult to say that this is a fundamental solution to
reduce CO2 emissions. emissions, and the growing number of car users in developing
countries.
In addition, using cars also creates the problem of urban congestion. Especially before
the coronavirus epidemic, when cities around the world were experiencing increasing levelsof congestion. This problem of traffic congestion has led to an increase in accidents and adecrease in the livability of neighborhoods, so we can say that it is a problem that needs to besolved as soon as possible. Besides, as mentioned above, as the number of car users increases
in developing countries, it is obvious that the damage caused by this congestion problem will
increase.
In order to solve these problems, I have been researching the use of bicycles, which I
have always been interested in, with the aim of reducing the use of automobiles. Specifically,

I studied how to make it easier to use bicycles for commuting to school or work, and how tocreate a system that combines bicycles with other forms of public transportation.
Using bicycles also has the advantage of reducing gasoline and maintenance costs
that would otherwise be spent on a car, as well as reducing the need for physical exercise.
Most previous studies have examined the role of bicycles in urbanization in the past,
but such studies have not provided detailed policies or constructive proposals regarding
modern transportation infrastructure. This study aims to propose a plan to encourage more
people to use bicycles for commuting to work and school.

2 Discussion and implications
I have continued this research since last year, and last year I mainly researched theinitiatives and issues in countries around the world where bicycles have become more
popular.
During the first semester of last year, I mainly used the Internet to gather information.
I researched and discussed the status of bicycle use around the world, the number ofaccidents, and the problems of bicycle use in recent days.
In the summer vacation, we visited a cycling road (Takasaki Isesaki Bicycle Path) andinterviewed a general store. On the Takasaki Isesaki Bike Path, we compared the pavement
and size of the path with that of ordinary roads. During the interviews, the participants weremainly instructed on the use of rain gear and bicycle preservation.
And during the second semester, we concluded our research based on the information
we gathered during the first semester and summer vacation. We also re-collected informationand exchanged opinions through the seminars that accompanied the study. However, last
year's research did not go well and I was unable to make concrete proposals because it
focused on the world .
Therefore, in this year's research, we decided to first focus on Japan to make our
proposal more concrete, and then expand the scope of our research to the rest of the world.
During the first semester of this year, we mainly studied information about Japan,
which we had not researched much last year.

Before I started this research, I considered the major disadvantages of bicycle use andthought that (1) there is a lack of bicycle infrastructure (2) Many accidents have occurred andsafety is not ensured and (3) it is difficult to use bicycles in rainy weather. I then consideredsolutions for each of these problems.
First, I considered the issue of (3) the difficulty in using bicycles in the rain. However,I found that there is no reasonable solution. Therefore, I thought that there are two conditions
that make it easy to use bicycles: (i) less rain and (ii) flatter roads.

↑World precipitation（mm）

On the other hand, however, the top countries where bicycles are actually popular are
rainy regions such as Japan and China, indicating that there is little correlation between
conditions that make it easy to ride a bicycle and the rate of popularization.

Next, I considered the issue of (1) the lack of bicycle infrastructure. We define thatbicycle infrastructure is the provision of bicycle paths and other zones that are easy forbicyclists to use, systems for connecting with public transportation, the number of bicycle
parking spaces, and the availability of bicycle signage in this study. I first looked at countries
with widespread bicycle infrastructure.

◯About initiatives in Advanced Bicycle Countries
・Germany
In Germany, bicycle paths are built everywhere, including main streets in the city andresidential areas in the suburbs. And also they are designed in various ways, such as
converting one lane of the roadway into a bicycle path and painting intersections in red.

There are also many bicycle parking lots, and infrastructure has been developed to make iteasier for cyclists to use the roads. Furthermore, in Germany, bicycles are mainly connected
to trains, so that bicycles can be placed in specific spaces on trains. This method makes it
easier for bicycles to travel long distances and across cities. This is due to the fact that sincethe 1970s, Germany has been promoting energy conservation and the introduction ofrenewable energy sources throughout the country because of the nuclear power plant accident
and the growing momentum for environmental protection.
On the other hand, despite the fact that bicycle parking is available everywhere in
Germany, a large number of bicycles are illegally parked in the city, obstructing pedestrian
traffic.

↑colored bicycle traffic zone

↑bicycle parking in town

・Poland
In Poland, they also have bicycle paths like Germany, but in addition, Poland is
working to reduce the number of involution accidents between cars and bicycles and between
bicycles or pedestrians by changing the height of bicycle traffic zones (see figure below). In
addition, Poland has also installed traffic signals specifically for bicycles and requires drivers
to give hand signals to other drivers and cars to thoroughly reduce the number of accidents.

↑Poland is changing the height of the bicycle traffic zone

・Netherlands
In the Netherlands, bicycles have long enjoyed a certain level of usage due to theflatness of the land. However, a movement for a safe cycling environment due to accidents
between automobiles and bicycles, and doubts about the sustainability of automobiles createdby the oil crisis have led to urban development with bicycles as the main infrastructure. As aresult, bicycle infrastructure such as bike lanes and bicycle parking lots are in placethroughout the city, and in addition, schools in the Netherlands provide education on bicycle
use rules and manners.Because of these activities, Netherlands has the environment thatmakes it easy and safe to use bicycles.
Next, we researched Japan, which is the subject of this year's research.
・JapanJapan is one of the highest countries in the world in the number of bicycles owned per
capita, but the bicycle infrastructure is inferior to that of Europe and the United States. Firstof all, the number of bicycle lanes is small, and the quality of these lanes is poor because
many of them are narrow and set directly next to the roadway. However, this is due to the1970 revision of the Road Traffic Law, which allowed bicycles to ride on sidewalks, and theconstruction of sidewalks that were designed for both pedestrians and bicycles. In addition,
bicycle parking is scarce, and is not often found in areas of high demand, such as downtown
areas and shopping malls, and is only available in front of train stations.

3 ConclisionFirst, in case of issue (1), I suggest that more bicycle zones need to be moredeveloped. All of the above-mentioned advanced bicycle countries have established bicycle
lanes both in the city and in the suburbs, so Japan needs to follow their lead. However, unlike
these countries, Japan has not developed its cities with bicycles in mind, and it is difficult tobuild new bicycle lanes except for large-scale renovation and redevelopment. Therefore, I
propose that instead of setting up bike lanes on all roads, some major roads should have bikelanes to create arterial roads with bike lanes. This will reduce construction costs and time,
and will also ensure safety since the bike lanes can be placed on roads where there is as muchspace as possible.

I also suggest the creation of a dedicated bicycle navigation application. In thesecountries I mentioned, there are signboards in the streets indicating the main destinations ofcyclists. Specifically, we would like to provide information on bicycle traffic zones and thelocation and availability of bicycle parking spaces, as mentioned above.
Second, in the case of issue (2), it is difficult to ensure the same level of safety inJapan due to space limitations compared to bicycle lanes in developed countries. In addition,
in most advanced bicycle countries, the wearing of helmets is mandatory or a matter of
etiquette, so from these perspectives, we believe that training sessions for the general public
are essential in Japan.
In the future, we would like to consider how to take advantage of the benefits forusers and how companies and local governments can provide support.

4 references
・Global note 世界の年間降水量 国別ランキング・推移
https://www.globalnote.jp
・世界生産・販売・保有・普及率・輸出 - 日本自動車工業会
https://www.jama.or.jp
・ドイツの自転車交通事情 - Young Germany
https://young-germany.jp
・ドイツの自転車事情（ミュンヘン・ニュルンベルグ・ライブツィヒ）
https://escape.poo.tokyo
・日本で「自転車レーン」が少ない理由って？
https://www.sbaa-bicycle.com
・ドイツ再生可能エネルギー導入の経緯 文教大学 八ツ橋武明
http://www.bunkyo.ac.jp
・Cycle superhighways - Supercykelstierhttps://supercykelstier.dk

・世紀転換期のドイツにおける都市化と自転車の普及
ービューレフェルト郡の事例を手がかりにー

同志社大學經濟學會 西圭介

http://doi.org
・図録 自転車普及台数の国際比較
https://honkawa2.sakura.ne.jp
・図録 乗用車・バイク・自転車の世帯普及率の国際比較
http://honkawa2.sakura.ne.jp
・自転車産業振興協会「自転車統計要覧」
http://www.jbpi.or.jp

The camera voyeurism of female track and field athletes〜so that female track and field athletes can run freely〜
5407 Odajima Saki
abstract
This year's study looked at the treatment of perpetrators, with a primary focus on
reducing the number of perpetrators. Athlete voyeurism, which takes place in public places
and is difficult to control. Of these, this time I focused on athletics, using my own interestsand experience, and arrived at a solution: the treatment of perpetrators. Athlete voyeurism is
becoming more difficult to solve due to social networking services. Through my research, I
suggest that more people should be informed about the correct use of SNS. In this day andage, many people use SNS without knowing the correct way to use them. Therefore, they
may become criminals without realizing it, which leads to an increase in the number ofcriminals, and victims.
1, Introduction
I have researched this topic since last year. But the point that I changed from last year
is to focus on the treatment for the assailant. Last year I suggested that we should make newlaws about voyeurism and restrict taking pictures and videos at the museum.
2, Main article
I suggest we should spread the right knowledge about the use of SNS.
First, I will introduce the voyeurism of the athletes. In this study, the voyeurism of theathletes is to take pictures of the track and field athletes to use and spread on SNS.
One of the causes of the problem is SNS. These days, we can share the pictures with a
lot of people easily for free. Thereby people’s awareness of crime goes down. And on theinternet, there is the idea that the athletes who wear such a uniform are bad.
By the way, I will tell you the reason why the track and field athletes wear such a
uniform called separate uniform. The track and field athletes try to run fast under gravity. So
light things can move faster than heavy ones. In order to move the body in a large and lightway, separate uniforms have become popular. Some athletes say that the separate uniforms
have improved their times by about 0.1 second compared to the former running shirts,
although it also affects the mentality of the athletes. So it has spread to students.

Another reason this problem has been difficult to solve is that it is difficult todistinguish between athlete voyeurism and ordinary photographers or people taking photos orvideos as family members or friends. As an example, at a stadium, people who wereconsidered to be a group of ordinary photographers were all taking voyeuristic photos. They
seemed only to take pictures as a member of the athlete’s family.
Recently, as a countermeasure, we have been talking to suspicious people, but they lie
and say they are guardians, which is becoming meaningless. Furthermore, camera technology
has recently developed, and some people use ultraviolet cameras to make their uniforms
transparent to their skin tone, taking pictures that look as if they are naked and posting themon SNS. Once a photo is posted on a SNS, it is not easy to know who posted it and who
spread it, and it is also difficult to delete the spread photos. In many cases, the victims have
had their athletic careers affected. At the level of a prefectural track and field meet, anyone
can enter the stadium for free, so it is easy for anyone to take pictures of the athletes.
while let's look at the criminal side . Most criminals are habitual offenders. Voyeurism
is a thrilling experience because the offender does it without being noticed, and once theyexperience success, they cannot stop. In addition, athlete voyeurism is less risky than generalvoyeurism because it targets athletes in the stands who are wearing clothes, so it is harder tobe detected. Furthermore, with the spread of SNS, stolen photos can be posted on SNS for
free and traded for a high price. In fact, even now that the problem is gradually becoming
well-known, photos of innocent athletes are easily traded on social networking sites at highprices. Based on these facts, most criminals are addicts, and the problem will not be solved
unless the addiction of the offenders is treated in order to reduce the damage. In addition, in
this age of easy access to everything through SNS, an increasing number of junior and seniorhigh school students have become perpetrators without realizing it due to lack of knowledge,
and this has led them to commit crimes.
The significance of this research is that it will not only reduce the number of victims
who suffer from the inability to practice and perform as expected due to athlete voyeurism,
but also save the perpetrators (excluding some unrepentant perpetrators and junior and seniorhigh school students who started crimes with the intention) who want to quit but havedifficulty in doing so.
3, Conclusion
First, we must increase opportunities to treat the addictions of perpetrators in order toreduce the damage to perpetrators who are habitual offenders. Since few people know aboutvoyeuristic disorder and the fact that some perpetrators are currently struggling with the factthat they too are committing crimes again without realizing it, we propose that thisknowledge and the current situation be spread. We believe that by spreading this knowledge,
people in the world will become more aware of the perpetrators' treatment and make new
choices, thereby reducing the damage, even if only a little. We also propose that schools
provide opportunities for junior and senior high school students, who easily and unknowingly
become criminals through SNS, etc., to learn about SNS usage and sexual crimes in order toavoid increasing the number of such students in elementary and junior high schools. We
thought that this opportunity would lead to a solution, even if only a little, by increasing thenumber of people with correct knowledge about the surprisingly vague boundaries between
what is acceptable to do on SNS and crimes, and the problem of addiction that offenders arefacing.
4 References
・https://www.joc.or.jp/about/savesport/ Retrieved 2022.05.28
・https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/5865464/ Retrieved 2022.05.28
・https://nordot.app/887607587934191616?c=39546741839462401 Retrieved 2022.05.30
・https://somec.org/ Retrieved 2022.07.07
・https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-voyeuristic-disorder-5094124
Retrieved 2022.08.05

Rehabilitation for the elderly that can be done alone
Proposal for the system that can send information to the doctor in charge using a game device
5408 Hayato Kato
Abstract
Today, a major problem is the shortage of caregivers due to the aging population.
Therefore, I began my research with the goal of proposing a method of rehabilitation that
could be performed by a single person. I also wanted to propose a system for transmitting
body movements during rehabilitation to a doctor. First, I hypothesized that VR goggles
could be used, and as a result of my research, I found that there were various types of VR
goggles, but not all of them were suitable for this research due to their price and features.
Next, I thought that a better method might be to project the image onto a television, and I
considered Amazon's Fire TV stick as a method. However, I expected that it would not beable to capture body movements and that data transmission would be difficult. I concluded
that I could use the Nintendo Switch's Joy-Con functionality. The problem is that the price is
too high, so I would like to consider a solution.
1 Introduction
Right now, there are very good things happening in the world, such as medical
development and economic stabilization. However, from another perspective, a major
problem is occurring: the aging of the population. It is not hard to guess why this ishappening, but when I think about it again, I can see that aging is accompanied by a decline
in physical abilities and the ability to think. If this trend continues, there may be a shortage ofnursing homes and other facilities. So I thought it would be a good idea to provide them withrehabilitation services that they could do on their own. But there were some problems. For
example, the doctors would not know if the patient could do it by himself, how to teach thepatient how to do it, and how well the patient could actually do it. I thought that if a gaming
device like VR could be used, the movements could be captured and the rehabilitation could
be done while observing the actual movements, so it could be done by one person.
Since I could not find any previous research, I decided to proceed on my own.
As a method, I will examine several gaming devices, such as VR devices, and find
one that is more suitable. If not, I will look for alternatives.

2 Discussion and implicationsFirst, there are three main types of VR goggles. There are those that attach asmartphone to the goggles, those that connect to a PC and output video, and stand-alone types(VR goggles that can be used by themselves). Each is summarized below.

ⅰ Smartphone-mounted VR goggles

Characteristics include: less expensive than other types, can be used with asmartphone, and require VR goggles that match the size of the smartphone.

ⅱ PC-connected VR goggles

Characteristics include: connected to a PC via an HDMI or USB port, relatively
expensive, compatible with many VR games and contents, dependent on PC specifications,etc.

ⅲ Stand-alone VR goggles
Characteristics include: can be used as stand-alone VR goggles due to built-in battery
and display, use by connecting to wi-fi, simple game operation is possible by attaching awireless type VR goggles exclusive controller, more expensive than other types, etc.
However, it is not suitable for this study because it can only detect head movements
and cannot capture body movements, which is the purpose of this study. Similarly,ⅱ, whichrequires an expensive PC, would not be suitable for this study. In other words, III would bebetter, butⅲ also requires a PC to download software and is difficult to use. In the end, VR

goggles proved unsuitable for this study.
Next, I thought about what else could be done, and I thought it would be a good idea to havethe participants practice by projecting the images on a TV.
There are several ways to project video onto a TV, and one that I considered was the Fire TV
stick from Amazon. This product can be used by simply plugging it into the HDMI port on
the TV and connecting it to Wi-Fi. This might be a good idea since it would allow us towatch Youtube on the TV, but since I did not know if elderly people work properly, I thought
it was not very appropriate.
I thought a home video game console, especially Nintendo Switch, would be a good choice.
Nintendo Switch comes with a controller called the Joy-Con, which has anaccelerometer and a gyro sensor. The game "Ring Fit Adventure" uses this controller to judge
body movements and determine whether the patient is exercising or not, and it is expected to
be possible to rehabilitate the patient alone and send the data to a doctor using a monitoring
function, etc., as considered in this research.

3 Conclusion
2 Discussion and implications of this paper suggest that it may be possible to use theNintendo Switch's Joy-Con. However, there are several drawbacks.
First of all, it is expensive. The Nintendo Switch has three models.
The Nintendo Switch Lite model does not include the Joy-Con, so it cannot use thisresearch.
The other two are eligible, but the Nintendo Switch EL model costs 37980 yen(including tax) at MSRP, and the regular model costs 32978 yen (including tax). This is a
price that is hard to pay.
The second problem is whether or not it can be operated.
A possible solution to this problem is to sell the product to families with three
generations living together. In this way, children can play with it, so it can be sold at a highprice, and the family can teach it to the elderly even if they do not know how to operate it atfirst. However, this would not apply to the elderly who are truly "alone". This is an issue thatwill be studied in the future.

4 References‧専⾨家（ケアマネージャー）のお話‧BeRISE スタンドアローン型とは？
https://berise.co.jp/topics/stand-alone-vr/‧ニンテンドースイッチのジョイコンに関する全てのこと。機能や価格、充電についてなど
https://www.gamehuntblog.com/entry/joy-con-nintendo-switch-introduction‧Nintendo 学研さんと「加速度センサー」のヒミツについて調べてみました。
https://topics.nintendo.co.jp/article/933eb428-b313-11e7-8cda-063b7ac45a6d‧Nintendo 学研さんと「ジャイロセンサー」のヒミツについて調べてみました。
https://topics.nintendo.co.jp/article/151137c8-d0d9-11e7-8cda-063b7ac45a6d

Water in Africa-To ensure clean and safe water5409 Rei kinoshita
1 Purpose of the research
During my second-year FEWC, I conducted research on "Gunma's water". At that time, we
had tap water as a matter of course and did not find many problems with the water quality inGunma. However, I chose this theme because I thought I could find a solution to the problemof water quality in Gunma, since there are people all over the world who do not have runningwater and are drinking water that is not clear. I decided to continue with this theme because I
had also studied water in my fourth year and ended up in the middle of my research.
2 Research Methods･To learn about the current status of water in Africa.
･To study the environment of plants in Africa.
･Find materials in Africa that may be useful for filtration.
･Summarize how to make a filtration device based on materials in Africa.
･To disseminate this information to the world.
3 Research Results to Date
During my senior year, I researched the stateof water in the world. I found that 2.2 billion
people around the world do not have access tosafe water, and 4.2 billion people do not haveaccess to safe and controlled toilets. Of these,
just under 900 million people did not even haveaccess to safe drinking water, and Africa was
the most water-contaminated region in theworld. The World Health Organization (WHO)defines inadequate access to safe water as alack of access to a place where each person
has access to 20 liters of water per person per
day within 1 km. It is astonishing that there areless than 900 million people who do not haveaccess to safe water, but improving this situation
will not only save more lives, but also improve theschool enrollment rate by allowing children who
are always out fetching water to go to school,
improve the social status of women, and lead toeconomic development. Therefore, I thought
about the water situation in Japan before the water supply system was established, as thesituation may be similar to that in Japan before the economic development. Before Japan
had a water supply system, people in Japan used well water. Therefore, I thought that wells
could be constructed in Africa today to ensure clean and safe water. In my research, I foundthat there are several types of wells depending on their shape and depth, and each hasdifferent construction methods and costs. In other words, the cost of constructing a well canonly be determined by examining the topography of the well site, the depth to which
groundwater is released, and the hardness of the ground. However, the topography andgroundwater conditions in Africa could not be found on the Internet. In addition, I knew thatassistance regarding wells had already been provided and that there was infinitely little new I
could do. Therefore, I decided to try to solve the problem not with a well, but with somethingelse. One idea was to build a filter. If I could make a filter with materials available in Africa, I
would be able to drink clean water at any time. We found that if we made a filter by hand, itwould be divided structurally into three stages. From the top, there is a pickle stone layer, afiltration layer, and a spillage prevention layer. The pickle stone layer is mainly made ofpebbles, and the filtration layer can use
charcoal for filtration. The last layer, therunoff protection layer, is mainly made ofleaves. After researching whether suchleaves are available in Africa, I thought thatcoffee leaves would be the best choice. I
propose that these details be made into abook and delivered to Africa.
water as a lack of access to a place where
each person has access to 20 liters ofwater per day within 1 km. It is astonishingthat there are less than 900 million people
who do not have access to safe water, but
improving this situation will not only savemore lives, but also improve the school enrollment rate by allowing children who are always
out fetching water to go to school, improve the social status of women, and lead to economic
development. Therefore, I thought about the water situation in Japan before the water supply
system was established, as the situation may be similar to that in Japan before the economic
development. Before Japan had a water supply system, people in Japan used well water.
Therefore, I thought that wells could be constructed in Africa today to ensure clean and safe
water. In my research, I found that there are several types of wells depending on their shapeand depth, and each has different construction methods and costs. In other words, the costof constructing a well can only be determined by examining the topography of the well site,
the depth to which groundwater is released, and the hardness of the ground. However, thetopography and groundwater conditions in Africa could not be found on the Internet. In
addition, I knew that assistance regarding wells had already been provided and that there
was infinitely little new I could do. Therefore, I decided to try to solve the problem not with awell, but with something else. One idea was to build a filter. If I could make a filter withmaterials available in Africa, I would be able to drink clean water at any time. We found that
if we made a filter by hand, it would be divided structurally into three stages. From the top,
there is a pickle stone layer, a filtration layer, and a spillage prevention layer. The pickle
stone layer is mainly made of pebbles, and the filtration layer can use charcoal for filtration.
The last layer, the runoff protection layer, is mainly made of leaves. After researchingwhether such leaves are available in Africa, I thought that coffee leaves would be the best
choice. I propose that these details be made into a book and delivered to Africa.

4. references

＜https://www.jica.go.jp/aboutoda/ikegami/01/index.html＞「水の問題｜池上彰と考える！ビジネスパーソンの「国際貢献」入門」＜世界の水問題に貢献する日本の技術や取り組み SDGs～目標6.安全な水とトイレを世界中に～｜アピステコラム｜冷却・防塵・放熱など熱対策ならアピステ＞「世界の水問題に貢献する日本の技術や取り組み ＳDGs～目標６．安全な水とトイレを世界中に～」「Urban growth and water access in sub-Saharan Africa: Progress, challenges, and emerging
research directions」＜https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969717315759＞「clean water」＜https://ourworldindata.org/water-access＞

Protect Ecosystem from Plastics-promote “reduced plastic lifestyle” everyone can carry out5410 Sara Kiotabashi○Abstract
Recently, the impact of marine plastic debris on ecosystems has become an issue ofconcern around the world. It is impossible for us to live without plastic. Though considering
the impact of plastic on marine life, the possibility of plastic entering the human body throughmarine products, and the possibility that larger events may occur due to bioaccumulationand other effects, it is essential that we take measures to protect ourselves from the effectsof plastic.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to reduce the amount of plastic in the ocean and toprovide information on measures that the general
citizens can take on a daily basis.Research was
conducted via the Internet, field surveys, andinterviews.
Currently, various measures are being taken in
Japan and abroad, but there are not manymeasures that we can take. Therefore, I propose tofocus on the "reduced plastic lifestyle". I conducted
this research with the three objectives of reducing
the amount of plastic discharged into the ocean,promoting alternative materials and their weighing instores, and disseminating and popularizing the"reduced plastic lifestyle" . The following is a briefsummary of the research.

1 Introduction
The main motivation for my research was to read an article entitled "Marine Plastic
Exceeds Fish Weight, Raising Concerns About Human Health Effects from
Bioaccumulation." I was struck by the fact that the problem of marine plastics has asignificant impact not only on the environment but also on human beings. According to a
study prepared by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation in cooperation with the World Economic
Forum, at least 900 million tons of plastic and 800 million tons of fish are expected to befloating in the ocean by 2050. One reason is that the use of plastic has increased since 50
years ago. And the amount is still growing.
But why is plastic such a problem? It is because plastic has many effects, including threats
to marine life, adverse effects on fisheries, adverse effects on tourism, and long-term effects
on the human body. I decided on this research theme because I felt a sense of urgency
about this problem that will have a great impact on our lives in the future.
Looking around us, we can see how many plastic products (especially disposable plastic
containers) we use, and it would be impossible for us to live without them. However,considering the impact of plastic on marine life, the possibility of plastic being introduced into
the human body through marine products, and the possibility that larger events may occur
due to bioaccumulation and other effects, it is essential that we take measures to deal withthese issues.

Therefore, I have been conducting research on this theme since the year before in order tobring these problems as close to a solution as possible. I have focused on the "reduced
plastic lifestyle," which I discussed in my research last year, with the three objectives of
reducing the amount of plastic discharged into the ocean, promoting the use of alternative
materials and their weight in stores, and disseminating and popularizing the "reduced plastic
lifestyle”. The research was conducted with the following three objectives in mind.

2 Discussion and Implications
According to the Ministry of the Environment's website, approximately 60,000 tons ofplastic are discharged into the ocean every year, and marine organisms die as a result ofaccidental ingestion. Also, it is said that when humans eat such marine products, the plastic
is taken into their bodies and can cause serious health problems. In addition, the cost of
disposal is very high, which places a burden on the economy. According to the Japan Plastic
Recycling and Reuse Association, waste plastic accounts for 5% of the total volume ofgeneral waste, but the cost of processing it accounts for 32% of the total, and the processing
cost per ton of waste is 31,000 yen/ton, compared to 174,000 yen/ton for containers andrelated materials. Of this amount, the cost of "other plastics" is extremely high at 262,000
yen/ton.
As the table below shows, in Japan, the cost of marine plastic waste disposal was
1138,215 million yen in fiscal year 2008, when the total budget was 977,128 million yen,accounting for about 1.3% of the total.
Before starting a life of plastic reduction, I looked into the following problems of plastic in
the world. For comparison purposes, we compared the production and recycling rates ofplastic and the amount of plastic discharged as waste from the perspective of three
categories: (1) developed countries, (2) emerging countries, and (3) developing countries, tounderstand the current situation. The three categories were (1) G7 member countries, (2)BRICS, and (3) least developed countries.
Although the latest data could not be obtained, the total volume of global plastic production
as of 2019 was 368 million tons.According to the Japan Plastics Industry Federation, China
is in first place, followed by the U.S. in second place and Germany in third place, accounting
for about 40% of total production. Japan is in fifth place, accounting for about 5% of the total.
Overall, most countries that produce are either developed or emerging economies, with thetotal production of many developing countries located in Africa and the Middle East at only
about 10 % of the total.
In 2019, the total amount of disposable plastics discarded worldwide was 130 million tons.
By country, China and the United States were by far the largest producers (those twocountries account for about 1/3 of the total), followed by India in third place, Japan in fourth,and the United Kingdom in fifth. In terms of consumption, the impact of developed andemerging countries is very significant.
As of 2017, only 9% of plastics were recycled. In addition, 60% of all plastics everproduced are discarded and end up in landfills or the natural environment. None of the
mass-produced plastics are biodegradable. However, sunlight weakens the material andcauses fragmentation into particles. Against the backdrop of growing global concern aboutplastic pollution, the first survey, which aims to promote optimal production and use of theresource, found that Germany ranked first and Japan second. The survey evaluated theentire lifecycle of plastics in each country and measured, compared, and verified them as aplastics management index. Overall, the study found that Europe leads in plastics
management efforts, while Asia, which accounts for half of the world's plastics production,lags behind.
From these three perspectives, it appears that the main production and consumption ofplastics takes place in developed and emerging economies, but that proper treatment is far
from being achieved.

Here is a look at where and how much plastic is actually being discharged into the ocean.
Most of the countries with the largest amount of plastic discharged into the ocean are
emerging economies. Asian countries in particular account for 80% of the global total.
They account for 80% of the world's total. The World Economic Forum estimates that the
number one plastic spill is China, followed by Indonesia, and then Southeast Asian countries
such as the Philippines and Vietnam. Asian countries often reuse waste plastic due to cost,
importing degraded plastic from other countries for reuse and eventual disposal, but in 2017
China banned plastic imports and Thailand is in the process of tightening its regulations.
From this, it appears that while the amount of plastic produced, consumed, and disposed ofwithout oceanic runoff is higher in the developed and other countries, the developed
countries are doing less with respect to oceanic runoff, suggesting that some measures arebeing taken to address this issue. On the other hand, we examined in detail what causessuch a large amount of plastic to be discharged into the oceans in countries marked in blue.
The causes of plastic being discharged into the oceans are due to our lifestyle and weather
conditions, but most of the plastic is discharged from the land, so it is important to reduce theamount of plastic discharged from the land.
Based on this, we looked at the measures that are currently being taken in ourneighborhoods, and found that although a nationwide fee for plastic bags will begin around
July 2020, not all people will be required to use eco-bags, so the change will be in the formof a fee rather than abolition. Although there are no clear figures, "It is difficult to reduce theamount of ocean plastic by charging for plastic bags. It is insufficient in terms ofeffectiveness to meet the current social environment," said the Japan Federation of Bar
Associations. stated the Japan Federation of Bar Associations. In addition, the current
situation is that plastic bag fees have resulted in the elimination of garbage bags used byhouseholds, and the actual production of plastic bags has increased.

I therefore propose a "reduced plastic lifestyle. Since it was introduced in NHK's program, I
decided to practice the concept, and from there, I made the promotion of weight-based sales
as another proposal and thought about what is necessary to spread the concept.

Through practical experience, I could reduce 95% of the amount of plastics.
I found problems in implementing this initiative in Japan. These include a lack of available
information, too much plastic packaging, and a lack of environmentally friendly stores.
Based on my experience, the first solution to realize my proposal is to disseminate
information on how to promote the "reduced plastic lifestyle”. In fact, SNS advertising can behighly effective in attracting customers by using the right media, as each media has different
user attributes. Recently, an increasing number of users are using SNS instead of using
search engines such as Google or Yahoo! when conducting research, so it can be used to
attract a wide range of customers. In addition, advertising on SNS is an excellent means ofdisseminating information because it is easily seen by users. Next, I think it is important todevelop and utilize apps. This is to support people who are interested in the "reduced plastic
lifestyle" to actually engage in it. When I practiced it, not only the small amount of
information , but also the source of information tended to be a specific person distressed
me.Thus I thought it necessary to consolidate and transmit more information. Therefore, I
would like to refer to the "Pilika" garbage pickup application. This is a social networking
application for litter pickers operated by Pilika, Inc. I believe that it will be easier for people toreduce plastic waste by developing an application that not only introduces environmentallyfriendly supermarkets and organizations that conduct volunteer activities related to plastic
waste, but also provides useful information by people who are trying to reduce their own
plastic waste. In addition to information dissemination, we believe that it will be easier toengage in this activity.
In addition to information dissemination, we also considered fundamental problem-solving
measures to make it easier to eliminate single-use plastics and engage in a plastic-reduction
lifestyle, which was the second solution we proposed. This is the use of alternative materials
and the promotion of weight-based sales. In terms of plastic bags, it is difficult to use
alternative materials because the cost of plastic bags is higher than that of plastic bags andthe demand for plastic bags is still low. Another difficulty in converting to alternative materials
is the increased cost of materials and the loss of transparency characteristic of plastic. Thereis also a disadvantage to selling by weight. One of them is that one has to go to the store inperson. With the proliferation of online stores, the younger generation, in particular, can now

have food and daily necessities delivered to their doorsteps from the comfort of their own
homes. Besides, weighing increases the amount of shopping luggage because one has tocarry containers to the store, and while it is easy to compare quantities and prices if they arein packs, not doing so may cause food loss.

3 Conclusion
Although various measures are currently being taken in Japan and abroad, there are notmany measures that we can take. We believe that by spreading the "plastic reduction
lifestyle" and creating an environment that facilitates such efforts, we can reduce the amountof plastic discharged by the general public on land and contribute to a reduction in the final
accumulation of marine plastic litter.
On the other hand, with the spread of the new coronavirus around the world, the demandfor one-way plastic is increasing and it has become indispensable. I would like to focus myfuture research on this issue as well, as it seems necessary to propose a proposal that willallow my research to be used in a wider range of areas while taking these global conditions
into consideration.
4 References
・Copyright 2020 Gooddo Magazine (2020). What is the Marine Plastic Waste Problem?
Explanation of efforts in Japan and overseas and what we can do.
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/oceans/marine_pollution/plastic_garbage/
April 25, 2021.
・Copyright 2020 Gooddo Magazine(2020). Explanation of global measures and efforts toaddress the problem of marine plastic litter.
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/oceans/marine_pollution/plastic_garbage/4978/.
April 25, 2021.
・Ministry of the Environment, Japan.
https://www.env.go.jp/water/marine_litter/mpl.html
May 3, 2021
・Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Examples of Advanced Efforts by JapaneseCompanies to Counter Marine Plastic Litter
https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/files/000429394.pdf
July 13, 2021
・NHK Close-up Gendai
https://www.nhk.or.jp/gendai/articles/4292/index.html
August 4, 2021
・Living without Plastic
https://lessplasticlife.com/take-action/30-ways-to-reduce-your-plastic-waste/
August 4, 2021
・IDEAS FOR GOOD
https://ideasforgood.jp/2020/08/03/csr-to-reduce-plastic/
January 6, 2021
・Asahi Shimbun Digital
https://www.asahi.com/shukatsunavi/articles/SDI202007064941.html
January 6, 2021

・Starbucks Coffee Japan
https://www.starbucks.co.jp/socialimpact/glocallyresponsible/?nid=mm
January 6, 2021
・NHK
https://www.nhk.or.jp/kaisetsu-blog/400/371720.html
May 14, 2021
・Ellen MacArthur Foundation
https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/
August 22, 2021
・PLASTICS EUROPE
https://plasticseurope.org/knowledge-hub/plastics-the-facts-2020/
August 22, 2021
・PR TIMES
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000013.000044235.html
January 19, 2022
・SCIENCE
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1700782
January 19, 2022

Protect The World from Earthquakes～With Using Japanese Technology～
ーEarthquake Overseas ー5411 Kazumori Kono
◯Abstract
Japan is a quake-prone country. Japanese archtectures had been made a lot of effort toprotect buildings from earthquakes since long ago. However,there are earthquakes in someoverseas countries. This research’s objective is to protect people from earthquakes in theworld.Some earthquakes have caused damage in developing countries, and the damage has
been extensive.In Haiti, in the Caribbean.A massive earthquake hit the area in 2010 and 2021,
causing numerous casualties and damage to buildings.Damage to buildings is particularly
severe, and there are many human casualties as a result.I thought it necessary to provide
assistance using Japanese construction techniques.
Ⅰ Introduction
Earthquakes have also occurred overseas, and the damage of them often becomes
more extensive than in japan.To make matter worse, it is difficult for aid from outside thecountry to reach the country in the event of an earthquake.I turned my focus to Haiti.It is
located on a plate boundary, just like Japan.So Earthquakes of magnitudes exceeding 6 on the
Richter scale are frequent The Haitian state is responsible for its inability to cope withhigh-frequency earthquakes. One of the vulnerabilities to earthquakes is the lack of building
strength.Buildings made of reinforced concrete have also been destroyed.Different
proportions of concrete used and shoddy rebar are causing this.Reinforced concrete requires
advanced techniques and delicate construction.However, in Haiti, a developing country, thecorrect installation was not carried out, resulting in the expansion of earthquake
damage.Secondary

disasters

also

cause

tremendous

damagetodeveloping

countries.Tsunamis, fires, and landslides are likely to spread.Infectious diseases can also be athreat that should not be overlooked, although this is often the case in island countries.Thereis also the case of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, where 540,000 people were infected in theaffected area by cholera allegedly brought by UN peacekeeping forces.
Is there anything we can do for Haiti, a developing country with these problems?

My proposal is an initiative in the form of building support from Japan to developing
countries. We would build a certain number of houses in accordance with Japanese standards
for earthquake resistance and disaster countermeasures, and conduct a study of the effects of
the local weather and environment as a test, after which we would move into full-scaleassistance. As for the key building materials, we are considering wooden construction interms of preserving and utilizing traditional Japanese building techniques and expanding thenumber of construction companies. The detailed materials of the timber are still underconsideration, and we are planning to test the project while searching for better timber, taking
into account the local climate and other factors.
Ⅱ Discussion and implications
The current climate in Haiti is generally similar to that of countries located near theequator, being generally humid and warm, with hurricanes, which are equivalent to typhoons
in Japan, occurring annually. This climate is similar to Japan's summer temperatures andhumidity, and we thought that Japanese wooden architecture might be feasible in this climate.
As for countermeasures against infectious diseases.
Regarding countermeasures against secondary disasters, we are planning to ensure
safety by constructing wooden structures in locations at a higher elevation and by increasing
the distance between houses.There are many issues regarding infectious diseases. Infectious
diseases that do not originally exist in the affected countries, such as cholera, may be broughtin from aid units, so it is necessary to take all possible precautions in this regard.

Ⅲ Conclusion
The conclusion, as mentioned above, is to build a Japanese wooden structure in Haiti, havethe refugees live in it in the form of a pilot operation, and improve the building to make it
more in line with the Haitian culture and climate. Taking into account the lack of security, weare considering deploying security guards and other personnel as needed. The only concern isthe need to send Japanese engineers overseas in this process, and we are looking to improve
this aspect of the project in the future.
Ⅳ References
Japanese Red Cross Society Home Page
https://www.jrc.or.jp/international/news/2021/0816_020229.html

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/index.html
ABF
https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2684600
Aggregate Impacts of Natural and Man-made Disasters: A quantitative comparison
Sawada Yasuyuki
https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/11e023.pdf
Foreign Nationals Affected by Earthquake Disasters and Provision of Disaster Information
Japan Society of Social Medicine
http://jssm.umin.jp/report/no22/22-03.pdf

Marine Pollution Surveys and Countermeasures~Let's protect the ocean's abundance from microplastics~
15th grade, 5th year, 4th class, No.12, Karen Saito
Abstract
One of the major problems that befall us today is environmental pollution. Among them, I
conducted research on marine pollution caused by microplastics. Microplastics floating in theocean are so small that they are difficult to collect. We should think about what we can do toprevent further increase of microplastics. The source of the plastic, 280 million tons ofplastic, is currently produced annually worldwide, 40% of which is single-use plastic.
Microplastics absorb harmful substances in the ocean, and their effects are not limited tomarine life but also affect us humans. How to devise alternatives made of calcium carbonate,
which has no effect on the human body, and how to collect the money to recycle plastics
without identification marks are the challenges for mankind in the future.
1 Introduction
Sea creatures have lost their lives because they ate plastic; they were unable to movebecause the plastic was wrapped around their bodies. We often see news stories like this.
Marine pollution is becoming a global problem, and its effects are not limited to marine life
but extend to humans as well. As anyone who separates plastic trash from burnable trash will
understand, the majority of the trash in our homes is plastic. Plastic that is not sorted andrecycled emits large amounts of greenhouse gasses when incinerated, and some of it drifts
into the ocean untreated. The goal of this study is to communicate the negative impacts ofmarine plastics and other debris. The ultimate goal is to change people's awareness bymaking them aware of the negative effects, and to reduce plastic emissions and increase
recycling rates. The study will examine not only the negative effects of marine pollution on
ecosystems in the ocean, but also the possible effects on humans.
Research and understand the current state of marine pollution from past research papers andother sources. In addition to marine pollution, investigate the causes of microplastics, which
are one of the main causes of marine pollution, and research and consider whether there areways to reduce the generation of microplastics and what to do about them when they dooccur. Also, since information on the Internet alone is limited, we will talk to local waste
disposal facilities to find out how they are currently processing plastic. Since somemicroplastics are created by the breakdown of plastic product waste, we will also investigate
how to reduce the amount of plastic waste, which is the root cause of microplastics, and how
to reduce plastic production itself.
2 Discussion and implicationsFirst, we examined microplastics, one of the major causes of marine pollution.
Microplastics are generated when plastics that have been discharged into the ocean aredegraded and fragmented by "photolysis" or "thermal oxidative degradation.

The definition of microplastics is a piece of plastic smaller than 5 mm. If it is only large
plastic debris floating in the ocean, it is not impossible to collect it, but if it is degraded to thesize called microplastics, it will be impossible to collect it. Therefore, rather than doing
something about the microplastics currently drifting in the ocean, the top priority is to prevent
further plastic from being introduced into the ocean. Currently, 280 million tons of plastic are
produced annually worldwide, 40% of which is single-use plastic. About 70% of marine
debris is plastic. The effects of ingesting plastic are physical ingestion disorders and toxicity
caused by the transfer of plastic-derived chemicals into the body. Microplastics floating in theocean are eaten by small fish, etc., and remain in their bodies. As a result, we humans who
eat fish may also be affected by these effects. When we eat fish contaminated with chemicals,
we are indirectly introducing these chemicals into our bodies. Microplastics can absorb
harmful substances in the ocean, and the toxic substances detected in microplastics arediverse.

As many as 70 types of environmental hormones have been detected in microplastics.
Polychlorinated biphenyls, which are also on the list, were the subject of the Kanemi Oil
Syndrome Incident. In 1968, dioxins such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were
contaminated in the manufacturing process of cooking oil produced by Kanemi Warehouse,and people who consumed the cooking oil (called "Kanemi rice oil") and their unborn
children suffered from food poisoning in western Japan. The case was a case of foodpoisoning in western Japan. In one case, a fetus born to a pregnant woman who had
consumed the rice oil was black in color due to pigmentation. This should give you an idea of
how dangerous the chemicals found in microplastics are, and what the risks are of ingesting
microplastics.
Plastic and paper alternatives, such as LIMEX and Stone-sheet, were also investigated.
These materials use calcium carbonate as a raw material; Stone-sheet is composed of morethan 50% calcium carbonate. These materials have been shown to produce pellets, food trays,
hangers, and other products that are comparable to currently available plastics. Calcium
carbonate is also used in foods and has no adverse effects when taken into the body. It needs
to be investigated if it is possible to create a plastic substitute with a higher percentage of
calcium carbonate.
We also looked at how plastic products are processed. Cutlery items such as plastic spoonsand forks, toys made of plastic... plastic products that do not have an "identification mark"(image) are The recycling cost burden for businesses is not stipulated by law, and under thecurrent situation, plastic products are disposed of as garbage instead of being
recycled. In my opinion, there are more plastic products in the world that do not have an
identification mark. There are many plastics with identification marks, such as containers for
prepared foods and plastic bottles, but there are probably even more plastics that are"commodities," such as toys for young children. The reason they are not recycled is where
the money for recycling is collected from.
3 Conclusion
My research question was "What are the negative effects of microplastics, a major cause ofmarine pollution that is a global problem, on marine life and humans? The conclusion wasthat "the effects of ingesting plastics are physical ingestion disorders and toxicity caused by
the transfer of plastic-derived chemicals into the body. Microplastics floating in the ocean areeaten by small fish, etc., and remain in their bodies. As a result, we humans who eat fish may
also be affected by these effects. The "microplastics" are a toxic waste that is carried in theoceans. In addition, since the goal is to increase the recycling rate, my conclusion is that "ifbusinesses are not required to pay for recycling, then let's raise money for recycling throughfundraising.
Now that we have reached a conclusion about what kind of impact it will have, our goal forthe future is to focus on how to disseminate it and change people's awareness of it.

4 References
https://www.nippon-foundation.or.jp/journal/2020/44897 (6/22)
Plastic itself also has characteristics such as the tendency to adsorb chemicals.
https://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/kurashi/sumai-kurashi/gomi-recycle/ongen/data/seisakuchos
ei/gomisoseichousa.html(6/22)

City of Yokohama
https://www.alterna.co.jp/30206/2/(7/9)

From alterna LIMEX Suspected of "Free Riding" on the Tolerance Law
https://www.j-p.co.jp/column/deplasticization.htm(7/9)

De-plasticization efforts and examples of alternative materials from Japan Plus Co.

https://www.pref.saitama.lg.jp/a0505/kaiyoupurasuchikku/kasenmicroplastic.html
Types and characteristics of microplastics from Saitama Prefecture website
https://www.pref.mie.lg.jp/common/content/000862623.pd
Domestic and International Situation Surrounding Plastics" from the Environmental
Restoration and Natural Resources Recycling Bureau, Ministry of the Environment, Japan.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/seitai/66/1/66_51/_pdf
Marine Plastic Pollution: Dynamics of Plastics in Marine Ecosystems and Their Effects on
Organisms
https://www.city.yawata.kyoto.jp/cmsfiles/contents/0000002/2142/pura_Shitsumon_to_Kaitou(QA).pdf(12/9)

Questions and Answers about "Plastic Containers and Packaging
https://bestcarweb.jp/news/59945?prd=2(12/9)

2050 "Marine Debris > Fish"! Cars are as much to blame as squid! Thinking about the plastic
waste problem https://waterstand.jp/waterlife/water_environment/waterlife00083.html
Microplastics Marine Pollution and Human Health Impact (12/9)

spreading and advance of shogi- how to make traditional culture nearby5413

Sakai Hinata

Abstract
It is hard for a contemporary globalizing situation to preserve traditional culture which isonly done by one country.I think that to preserve them it is important to add more worth tothem. In this study I chose shogi as an example of traditional culture.I am going to get
information about the difficulties and the practice which is being done.Then I will suggest
new ideas and reform ideas.
In conclusion, I found that shogi has an educative effect, for example improving
concentration, manners,accepting one’s defeat and thinking calmly so I want shogi to be used
as an educational tool.
My research question is What is necessary for shogi to be spread all over the world and used
for education.
People hesitate to play shogi because it seems to take much time and it looks difficult.I thinkthat this is because there are a lot of pieces called Koma.I think that reducing the number ofKoma is a way to make shogi easy for beginners to play.
I want to make guidelines and pieces on which a guide is written to show where it moves.

Introduction
These days because of globalization we can know foreign famous culture but we do notknow minor cultures even if it is their own culture.I am sure that to know other culturesmeans to know others.Therefore I study shogi culture as one example of minority culture.
Furthermore I want to search for the effect of playing shogi to add more meaning toshogi,using my experience.

Discussion and Implication
The educational effect of shogi is that improving concentration,to be polite,there is no judge
so when one lose he has to accept his defeat ,thinking deeply,being calm,and so on.Shogi has
unique culture.On finishing the game the two players talk about what is the best move at thattime.In that people will learn to get the ability of discussion,corporation and solving
problems.What is more,told one move which you cannot find out,you can accept new way of
thinking and get wide field of knowledge.Not only children but also adults owe this effect toshogi.I comprehended that shogi is a tool for lifelong education.
One reason why this interesting game doesn’t spread to the world is that it seems to takemuch time and is difficult.This is the same reason why shogi doesn't spread in Japan.It was
overcome in Japan thanks to big star players and games.Games are useful to fascinate
people.We can use app games and the 3x4 shogi using pieces with characters and arrows toshow where to go written on.It is easy to play.However it is hard to change over this 3x4
shogi to the 9x9 shogi,so I will make the transition process.

Conclusion
When it comes to spreading something difficult,it is good to make it easy tounderstand.Gradually accustomed,they will do the real one.For example in shogi I suggest
making 5x7 shogi.The good point is depending on the achievement of each player we canchange Koma.It is large enough to enjoy the essence of shogi.Changing the Koma is one
way.For example,pieces on which a guide is written to show where it moves or some cultural
things are written.
In spreading abroad I am sure it is good making an app game.It is good that there is noelement of competing because now because of counting wins many people are playing withbad manners.I would like beginners to enjoy the introduction easily and remembering therules.Therefore in the existing app I want to supplement new function.
In an analog aspect, the Japan shogi association should make more effort to make shogi
prevail in foreign countries.

Reference「日本将棋連盟」＜https://www.shogi.or.jp/about/activity/education/＞ （10月14日）「日本棋院」＜https://www.nihonkiin.or.jp/teach/kounou/＞ （10月14日)＜https://ouc.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=885&file_id=22&file_no=1＞
古作 登 小田切 秀 人 川崎一克 寺谷 睦
（12月14日）「子どもたちは将棋から何を学ぶのか」 安次嶺隆幸＜https://www.shogi.or.jp/column/2017/12/post_291.html＞ (10月21日)

How to Reduce Sleep Disturbances as Much as Possible
Sleep Disorders and Daytime Performance
5414 shimizu miyuki
1. Introduction
The theme of this research was chosen to reduce sleep disorders as much as possible. The
reason I chose this research theme is because I like to sleep. I sometimes feel sleepy during
the day even after sleeping at night, so I wanted to know the cause. I also wondered if thiscause might be related to ways to reduce sleep disorders. My goal in this research is to findways to help myself cope with sleep disorders.

2, the main argument
There are some things we found out in this research. First, the types of sleep disorders by agroup of researchers from the University of Tokyo and the Institute of Physical and Chemical
Research, who converted acceleration data from the UK into sleep data, has been revealed.
16 newly classified types of sleep patterns
1 With mid-onset awakenings, which may be associated with insomnia. Total sleep duration
is high.
2a Irregular sleep schedule.
2b Has repetitive fragmented sleep and total sleep time is low.
3a Has mid-onset awakenings, which may be related to insomnia. Total sleep duration is
general.
3b Has mid-onset awakenings, which may be related to insomnia. Total sleep duration is low.
3b-1
Total sleep duration is low, with long mid-wake, possibly related to insomnia.
3b-2
Total sleep duration is low, with both long and short awakenings, considered associatedwith insomnia.
4a Daily rhythm (sleep-wake rhythm) is estimated to be longer than 24 hours.
4b Average sleep, with the highest total number of data.
4b-1
Long sleepers.

4b-2
Morning type.
4b-3
Daily rhythm (sleep-wake rhythm) is shorter than 24 hours.
4b-4
Total sleep duration is short, with short awakenings, possibly related to insomnia.
4b-5
Total sleep duration is generalized, with a small number of long awakenings, possibly
related to insomnia.
4b-6
Nocturnal.
5 No daytime sleep.
We have learned that there are many types of sleep disorders today, and they are divided into
many subcategories. It is thought that I am a low sleeper and a night person applies to me.
Secondly, there are many people in today's society who suffer from sleep disorders, and the
problem is that they are unable to get enough sleep at night, which affects their performance
during the day. The problem of sleep disorders is now becoming a major social issue as well
as a medical one. In recent years, Japan has been considered to be one of the most
sleep-deprived countries in the world.According to the Ministry of Health, Labor andWelfare's e-Health Net, one in five people has a sleep disorder. Insomnia increases with age,with approximately one in three people over the age of 60 reported to have insomnia. I havetherefore researched what kind of environment has a negative influence on sleep. One
example is electricity. Some people turn on a miniature light bulb when they go to bed.
However, the light from the lightbulb may enter their eyes, making it difficult for them to fallasleep. In recent years, with the development of electronic devices, the number of people wholook at them all the time, even before going to bed, has been increasing rapidly. This is anegative cycle of spending time on electronic devices because they are unable to sleep, whichmakes it even more difficult to fall asleep.
These factors have made it clear that it is important not to touch electronic devices until justbefore going to bed, and not to sleep with the light on when going to bed. It is also said thatsleep disorders are not good for the body and may cause complications with other diseases.
We looked into how sleep disorders can have a negative impact on health. I found out that
this is the kind of research that has been conducted.

The findings of this study indicate that sleep disturbances and chronic disease are
significantly related. Although the symptoms of chronic diseases caused by sleep disorders
are few, a large percentage of people with chronic diseases have sleep-related problems.
In this study, we have been thinking about what we ourselves can do to alleviate sleep
disorders, but upon investigation, we found that it is difficult to cure sleep disorders
completely and that the environment around us has a lot to do with it. We also found thatsleep disorders are sometimes complicated with other diseases and lead to lifestyle-relateddiseases. Through this research, I would like to investigate this in the future because sleep
disorders are related to chronic diseases.

3, Conclusion
The conclusion of the study is that it is important not to touch electronic devices too muchbefore going to bed and to turn off the lights as much as possible or make it as dark as
possible when going to bed. As for future research, we have found that sleep disorders arevery much related to chronic diseases, and we would like to investigate this matter in the
future.
4, Bibliography
https://tokuteikenshin-hokensidou.jp/news/2022/010927.php) FRIGHETTO L. Assessment of sleep quality and the use of medications with sedative
properties in hospitalized adult patients. Health Qual Life Outcomes. (2004) vol. 2, p. 1-10.
2) DEMENT WC. Appropriate use of sleep medications in primary care. j Clin
Psychiatry.(1992) vol.53, no.Suppl, p.50-56.
3) ARITO Heihachiro. Industrial Accidents and Sleep Disorders. Somnology. Jiho. (2003)
4) RAHMAN A. Workers sleep quality as determined by shift system and demographic
factors. (1988) vol.60, p.425-429.
5) UCHIYAMA M. Classification and epidemiology of sleep disorders and sleep disorders inmodern society. Pharma Medica. (2000) vol.18, p.13-18.
http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2001107603.
6) FOLEY D. Sleep disturbances and chronic disease in older adults : results of the 2003
National Sleep Foundation Sleep in America Survey (: Results of the 2003 National Sleep

Foundation Sleep in America Survey). j Psychosom Res. (2004) vol. 56, p. 497-502.
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.02.010.
(7) TRANMER JE. Sleep experiences of internal medicine and surgical patients. ClinicalNursing Research (2003) vol. 12, p. 159-173.
8) UCHIYAMA M. Effects of shift work and lifestyle on the prevalence of insomnia, sleep
deprivation, and daytime sleepiness. scand J Work Environ Health.(1998) vol.24, p.300-307.
9) Uchiyama, M. et al. Circadian rhythm and lifestyle (Frontiers of circadian rhythm).
Medical Rhythms and Lifestyle (Frontiers of Circadian Rhythms). Medical and Dental
Publishing Co. (2003) vol.204, no.11, p.793-797.
http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2003223852
10) JAFFE MP. Sleep quality and physical and social well-being among North American
petrochemical shift workers. South Med J. (1996) vol.89, p.305-312.
doi:10.1097/00007611-199603000-00009
11) ALFREDSSON L. Self-reported health and well-being of night security guards: acomparison with the working population. Ergonomics. (1991) vol.34, p.525-530.
12) SUGA, Shigehiro. A study on the effects of shift work on sleep and psychologicalaspects. Psychosomatic Medicine. Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine. (2006)
vol.46, no.4, p.293-300. http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2006136681

Health Promotion~Spreading Healthy Life and Preventive Medicine~
5415 Shuto Ayana
Abstract
I proposed two things. First one is to spread healthy dishes. I researched Mediterranean
dishes and it is good for our health. Second one is to spread preventive medicine. It is important foreveryone, and it has a lot of merits. I thought many people become healthy, so they can extend healthy
life expectancy.
1. Introduction
I’m researching healthy living. I had also researched medical bills and COVID-19 until lastyear. However, it was difficult to consider COVID-19 because I couldn’t forecast the future, and it
was unprecedented at the time. I decided to research only healthy life and preventive medicine. I
pointed to lifestyle-related disease, and to solve the problem, I proposed a Mediterranean diet. This
year I tried how I spread this dish and to research other healthy dishes. Last year, I thought
preventive medicine was late, so I considered it deeply.
My research question is what should be done to prevent many people from contracting
lifestyle-related diseases. My hypothesis is as the number of people suffering from lifestyle-relateddiseases increases with age. I think we need to distribute notices of regular medical examinations andself-check forms for lifestyle-related diseases to workplaces and other workplaces, so that they first
become aware that they may be facing a crisis. To the younger generation, I think using SNS andspreading information is effective. Younger generations have an image that they don't care about theirhealth yet, and neglect their own health.
2. Discussion and Implication
The World Health Organization (WHO) announced “the ten most causes of death” from 2000
to 2019. According to WHO, lifestyle- related disease is the most common cause of death. So many
people are curing lifestyle- related diseases now. Then I decided to reduce the number of patients andto prevent diseases.
First, I would like to explain diet. Many Japanese people often eat Japanese food, and it has a
lot of nourishing ingredients. In addition it has a lot of varieties. However, the disadvantage is that it
has too much salt. For example, if we eat miso-soup in the morning and in the evening, we take half
the amount of salt which we can take in a day. Therefore to cover this disadvantage, I suggest a
Mediterranean dish. Mediterranean dishes have a lot of vegetables, and we can continue to prevent
obesity. It uses olive oil, so it continues to prevent arteriosclerosis and aging. In addition it’s high inprotein, and a little fat then we can get muscle, and reduce fat. On the other hand, the staple diet isbread and pasta, so we can take in a lot of dietary fiber. After all, we can reduce taking too much salt,because Mediterranean dishes use herbs instead of salt. According to the questionnaire, more people
like Western dishes than Japanese food among people aged between ten and forty nine.
Next I would like to explain about preventive medicine. Preventive medicine is divided into
primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention is to improvehealth and to prevent disease in the early term. To adopt moderate exercise,and to prevent metabolic
syndrome are effective ways. Secondary prevention is the early detection and appropriate treatmentof a disease to prevent it from becoming serious. If this progresses, it will not only reduce the burden
on patients, but also reduce medical and personnel costs. Tertiary prevention is rehabilitation. Thisrefers to preventing the recurrence of diseases that have already developed, and specifically includes
health guidance and rehabilitation. To give an example of cervical cancer among the issues related tovaccines, which are part of preventive medicine, the cervical cancer vaccination rate in Japan isextremely low compared to the rest of the world. The mortality rate is actually high, and despite thefact that the cost of getting the vaccine is less than 20,000 yen, the cost of getting the vaccine will be
as high as 600,000 yen. If the cost is 30 times higher, even if it is not possible, you should get a
vaccine so that you don't put a burden on your body, considering the risk if you do get it. In particular,
groundless rumors about the cervical cancer vaccine spread, creating a trend that people should not be
vaccinated, so I think it was difficult to change that trend. However, now it has become possible to get
vaccines at public expense, and due to the effects of the steadily spreading coronavirus, the number ofpeople refraining from medical examinations has increased, and the discovery of illness is delayed
due to the lack of regular medical examinations and checkups. The health checkup rate will not reach
70% for any age group. In addition, the number of people visiting the clinic has decreased in all age
groups compared to the previous year. I mentioned earlier that it was the impact of the coronavirus,
but in fact, about 30% of people answered that they would like to refrain from undergoing cancer
screening in 2021, and even those who have undergone cancer screening in the past three years It
turns out that one person wants to refrain from undergoing cancer screening in 2021. In addition to therisk of contracting the coronavirus, some answered that they did not feel the need to undergo healthcheck ups because they were not worried about their health.
3. Conclusion
I think it is difficult to eat Japanese food every day. However, eating fast food instead ofJapanese food has the opposite effect. Therefore I suggest eating Japanese food plus Meditaliandishes. Also, I promote the adoption of these healthy foods at the office and cafeteria where relatively
young people use them. If these prices are expensive, people go to other restaurants or fast foodrestaurants. For that reason I want to try this for 500 yen. Ingredients are important in healthy food, so
it needs 500 yen at least. I think its cost is lower than other restaurants. People seek low cost anddelicious food.If they can eat delicious, healthy and cheap dishes at the office or cafeteria, they feelvery nice.

Second, I want to spread information about preventive medicine. Around us, a lot of
information is everywhere. However not all information is actually. Therefore I want to spread true
information according to experts. I think people often see medical information at hospitals. Doctors
spreading true information to patients is more efficient. Maybe patients believe the doctor's
information. For example, if young girls who are targets of cervical cancer come to the hospital,
doctors give leaflets about the cancer. In fact, some hospitals carry them out. For these reasons I
suggest spreading information at hospitals, and I consider spreading it by SNS. Many young people
use SNS, so it is efficient to spread information easily. I want to be careful to provide credible
information, and I need to tell the risk of disease. I think our healthy body is our fortune.
From these things, I suggest preventive medicine, and eating healthy food which prevent
lifestyle-related disease.
4.Reference
https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/20260/thesis.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Self-Medication and Over-The-Counter Dispensing of Antibiotics in
Egypt_ Prevalence, Reasons and Outcomes 6/22
http://www.seikatsusyukanbyo.com/calendar/2021/010392.php
WHO announces "Top 10 Causes of Death in the World" Heart disease ranks first Diabetes anddementia rank high Prevention and improvement through diet and exercise 7/9
https://www.hakubaku.co.jp/omugi-lab/maintenance/mediterranean-food/Effective against lifestyle-related diseases! How to practice the Mediterranean diet? 12/9
https://www.tyojyu.or.jp/net/kenkou-tyoju/shokuhin-seibun/chichukaishoku-tokucho.htm
Network of health and long life 12/9

The System of Mercy Killing
5416 Osuke Takino
Overview of This Search
There are many countries in the world where euthanasia systems have been
introduced. (Currently, some states in the U.S., some states in Australia, Switzerland, theNetherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and New Zealand have introduced euthanasia. The
main reasons for this are the value that Japanese people should not kill people, and thequestion of who will take responsibility when there is a chance that the person will survive
after euthanasia is carried out. Therefore, we thought that if we could create a system thatno one could criticize, the path to its introduction would be opened at once.
The way of this search
1 Research on the Internet to find out why the euthanasia system is not progressing inJapan
2 Research countries in the world that have advanced euthanasia systems.
3 Find commonalities among the countries you researched in 2.
4 Compare the problems in Japan with those in 3.
5 Summarize what is needed to introduce euthanasia in Japan based on the process so far.
The outcome of this researchFirst, let us define the euthanasia system. Euthanasia is the process of putting an ill person
who is not expected to survive, to death in a less painful way according to the person's
wishes. The important point here is that the person must be ill. Most of the countries thatcurrently have euthanasia systems in place give the right to die by euthanasia only to those
who are suffering from an illness that is not expected to be cured. (Only the Netherlands
grants the right to dementia patients.)(Only in the Netherlands does the right to euthanasia exist for patients with dementia.
(Currently, some states in the U.S., some states in Australia, Switzerland, the Netherlands,
Luxembourg, Belgium, and New Zealand have introduced euthanasia. In such a situation,
little progress has been made in Japan. The main reasons for this are the values ofJapanese people that it is wrong for a person to kill another person, and the question of who
will take responsibility for the possibility of the person's survival after euthanasia is
performed. Therefore, we thought that if we could create a system that no one could criticize,
it would pave the way for its introduction at once.
Moreover, as Figure 1 shows, more than half of Japanese are in favor of the euthanasia
system. Therefore, if we could create something that would silence the critics, theintroduction of the system in Japan would go a long way and would spread throughout theworld.
In creating a system, the Netherlands is a good place to start. In the Netherlands, it is legal
for dementia patients to die by euthanasia.
First of all, one of the reasons why euthanasia is criticized is that there is no one to carry itout. No human being would want to kill another human being. To solve this problem, I took acue from Switzerland. Switzerland has legalized the practice of euthanasia not only for its
own citizens but also for people from other countries. However, when the procedure is
carried out, the doctor gives the patient a drug, and the patient uses the drug to assist in thesuicide. Therefore, in order to protect the mental health of the doctor, assisted suicide isused in Japan. If the patient is unable to use the medication on his/her own, this form ofassisted suicide is used. This solves the problem of the physician's mental health.

Next, let us consider the major reason for the lack of progress in introducing the euthanasia
system: permission for euthanasia. Generally, the doctor in charge of the patient decides
whether or not euthanasia can be performed. And that decision is very important. The
decision is also very important, because it would be irreversible if there is still a chance ofsurvival after euthanasia is performed. To solve this problem, euthanasia can be authorized
only if all three doctors other than the doctor in charge agree with the decision. This would
greatly reduce the burden on the doctors in charge and reduce the possibility that it would
later be discovered that the patient had a chance of survival.
Secondly, the psychological aspect of the bereaved family must also be taken into
consideration. Therefore, not only a clear statement of the patient's intention, but also theconsent of the family is essential to euthanasia.
The document of this search

Current status of euthanasia around the world: Active voluntary euthanasia legal(Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain,
and the Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia,
Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia) Passive euthanasia legal (refusal oftreatment / withdrawal of life support) Active euthanasia illegal, passive euthanasia
not legislated or regulated All forms of euthanasia illegal

Current status of euthanasia in Europe: Active voluntary euthanasia legal Passive
euthanasia legal Active euthanasia illegal, passive euthanasia not legislated or
regulated All forms of euthanasia illegal
The references of this search
安楽死についてhttps://www.keiwa-c.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/veritas11-08.pdf
安楽死と尊厳死を考える
https://diamond.jp/articles/-/188422
安楽死が導入されている国ってどこ？
https://www.swissinfo.ch/jpn/%E5%AE%89%E6%A5%BD%E6%AD%BB%E3%81%8C%E8%AA%8D%E3%82%81%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8
B%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AF%E3%81%A9%E3%81%93--/47739244
安楽死が認められている国の共通点 ニュージーランドではなぜ合法化が進んだのか
https://shiruto.jp/life/2563/
諸外国の安楽死に関する法制度
https://www.jmari.med.or.jp/result/report/post-3303/

Protect Reasonable~Aim the world everyone can express yourself freely~
ID:5417 Name:Hiroki Taguchi
Abstract
This study is what is to reduce discrimination for LGBT in the world.
Now the number of people who work in society as society leaders is increasing. In
addition, there are a lot of people who are active over their gender. However, there are a lot of
people who is feeling terror to become active or can’t make true the activity which they reallywant to do. Most of the reason is “society” or ”surroundings”. Part of that sometimes rejects
them, and makes the world which isn’t free for all.
In this study, I want to promote the study with taking research to people who issuffering by today’s discrimination. Because by doing that, I will be able to hear their true
voices. I think that it is the most important to hear the true voices which by people who relate
to this problem.
1 Introduction
Before study, I think about the meaning of this study. Then I came to mind the word
“Equality”. I think we need equality between people to people. Social hierarchicalrelationships should be born with protect equality as the same race. However, there areexisting states that social hierarchical relationships are in inequality now. For these occasions,
I felt that it influences people’s gender in today’s world society. I have heard about it throughsocial media, and seen the scene in my eyes. As a member of people, this situation makes meso sad because equality is broken by people even though it is necessary and should beprotected for people. I wanted to resist this, and decided to research this. It is the reason why
I study about that. It is also the significance to research this, I think.
2 Discussion and Implications
According to a company's survey, the ratio of people who is included "LGBT" isdifferent between companies.

(gragh① The ratio of LGBT)In this data(graph①), there are about 10% of LGBT in the world. But actually more
people are LGBT, I think. I think so because today, there are a lot of people who feel terror toconfide truth. Even if they are protected as anonymous surveys, it can’t solve their worries.
For this reason, Japanese countries’ findings have different results.
In addition to this study, I examined the countries which accept LGBT and gender’sequality.

(graph② The index of homosexuality tolerance, made by「世界価値観調査」)
According to this data, Iceland, Sweden, and the Netherlands are the countries thathave a high-ratio of acceptance. So I researched Iceland’s condition.
In Iceland, there were some lectures and talks to criticize gender-discrimination (In1990s). By these lectures, government enforce some laws to get rid of discrimination. Now,
these efforts influence the country greatly. To change the laws is one of the best way to
reduce discrimination. To encourage such change, people who understand them must know
them more and make the world that they can be protected their reasonable.
3 References①https://jobrainbow.jp/magazine/lgbt-percentage
LGBTの割合がバラつく理由(2021.4/16)･･･6/7②https://www.moj.go.jp/JINKEN/LGBT/index.html
LGBTー法務省(✖)･･･7/1③https://www.16personalities.com/ja/
性格診断テスト(2021??)･･･10/5④https://www.idrlabs.com/jp/sexual-orientation/test.php
性的指向テスト(2021??)･･･10/15⑤https://eleminist.com/article/912
LGBTに代わる新たな呼称「LGBTQIA」とは(2021.1/25)･･･8/2⑥https://diamond.jp/articles/-/176585
発想が異なる「男女」の12の違い(2021.8/23)･･･10/19⑦https://hareruwa.tumblr.com/contact
ハレルワ(2021.9/25-10/1?)･･･7/12⑧https://gooddo.jp/magazine/gender_equality/lgbt_gender/6739/
LGBTに関する課題の現状と今後必要なことは？(2021.8/5)･･･10/22⑨https://www.fnn.jp/articles/-/6420
Facebookの性別欄は58種類! 男性でも女性でもない性のこと(2018.5/20)･･･11/9⑩https://www.dentsu.co.jp/news/sp/release/2021/0408-010364.html
LGBTQ+の調査(2021.4/8)･･･12/7⑪https://www.enago.jp/academy/how-to-write-a-lay-summary/
論文 レイサマリー（要約）の書き方のポイント(2020.3/4)･･･3/11⑫https://www.kansei-design.com/blog/9points
論文の書き方9ポイント(2021.9/28)･･･3/11-

⑬https://president.jp/articles/-/46019「日本の20代男性だけ古い考えに囚われている」30~40代より同性愛許容度が低いナゾ⑭https://guidetoiceland.is/ja/history-culture/gender-equality-in-iceland
男女平等とアイスランド⑮https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0kr784fx
LGBT demographics: Comparisons among population-based survey⑯https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00246.x
Family acceptance in adolescence and the health of LGBT young adults

Widespread use of online tourism～continued popularity～― continuation originality anywhere,anytime ―ID 5418 Name Hoshizora Takei○Abstract
research question:What can be done to ensure the continued popularity of online tourism whileleveraging the advantages of online tourism alone?
I started this research to continue the population and make a fixed demand for online
tourism.
Originality is important to satisfy the demand for online tourism,so I suggest two
ideas.First,do a tour that tourists can travel with famous people.Second,approach to hospitals or
nursing homes to do online tour there.As for the first one,it is to make the most of online tourism’s
originality that can travel with people in far.As for the second one,it has demands for people whostay in hospital but want to go sightseeing.Also,doing online tourism in nursing homes has big
demand for elderly people because it is hard for elderly people to do online tourism alone.
1 introduction
Since COVID-19 started to spread,people all over the world could not go travel forsightseeing spot,so online tourism came into fashion.However, now,the vaccination rate is in very
high level in the world and the number of infected people calm down.In this situation,the future of
online tourism is concerned.Online tourism are introduced as a substitute cases or compromise
cases by both of tourists and operators,and this situation causes the misgiving;the concern of declineof online tourism after our lives back to normal.Then,I do not want to depopulate the online tourism
which developed as a new industry,and I set this theme and started my research. In my opinion, inorder to keep online tourism from going out of business and to further develop it, it is necessary to
implement unique initiatives for online tourism. The purpose of this research is to implement
unique initiatives to prevent online tourism from going out of business and to enable its further
development.
As there are few books on online tourism, I will gather information mainly through theInternet. Sources include the websites of travel agencies offering online tourism, articles on online
tourism, and the Japan Tourism Agency’s Tourism and Travel Consumption Trends Survey. In
addition, as a research method, I will conduct our own online tourism and come up with proposals
based on the advantages and disadvantages I have actually experienced.
2 Discussion and implicationsFirst, I captured the characteristics of online tourism. The biggest feature on the tourist sideis the ease of travel. Some expensive courses require the use of VR goggles, but basically you canparticipate from anywhere with a single computer. It is also possible to travel with friends andrelatives who live far away from you. Most tours last only a few hours, so there is no need to takeconsecutive days off, and you can join at any time when you are free. Also, while local travelers
need to make arrangements for flights and accommodations, online sightseeing tours are easy foranyone to apply for because all they have to do is choose a tour and apply. Another advantage isthat the cost is considerably lower than that of a local trip.
But of course there are drawbacks. Online sightseeing offers less freedom than going to thedestination in real. Most tours are conducted by a tour guide while watching a video prepared by thetravel agency. In addition to the fact that you are often touring with other tourists, you will not beable to fully enjoy all of the sights and attractions. In addition, you will not be able to feel the local
atmosphere, eat local cuisine, or browse souvenir stores. This is a significant drawback, especiallysince food and souvenirs are considered by many people to be the best part of their trip.
Here I considered the future of online tourism. Online tourism is an industry that has

developed as a result of the outbreak of the new coronavirus. When the outbreak of the newcoronavirus is over and people are able to visit tourist destinations, the number of online tourism
activities will probably decrease, at least compared to today. What will be important, then, is tocontinue to attract tourists with "online tourism-only" activities.
Based on the above points, we would like to propose the first thought, "conduct sightseeing
tours with celebrities," taking advantage of the characteristics of online tourism, which allows
participation at any time and from any place.
Online tourism also has other drawbacks. That is, since online tourism is conducted using
computers, there are few elderly travelers who do have access to computers. The following two
graphs show the results of a survey conducted by the Dai-ichi Life Economic Research Institute on
the percentage of respondents who have experienced online tourism and the percentage of those
who are interested in online tourism by age group.

From these graphs, it can be seen that the older age groups (here defined as those in their
40s to 60s) have less experience and interest in online tourism than the younger age groups (heredefined as those in their 18s to 30s). Based on the expectation that "many older people must enjoy
or want to travel because they have more money to spare" and "older people, especially the elderly,
may have difficulty in traveling to distant places due to the burden on their bodies," I propose thesecond thought, "I propose to approach hospitals and nursing homes to proactively incorporate
online tourism. The second thought is to approach hospitals and nursing homes to actively
incorporate online tourism.
3 Conclusion
conclusion1 Do tours where you can see the sights with celebrities.
conclusion2 Approach hospitals and nursing homes to actively incorporate online tourism.
about conclusion1
As mentioned above, one of the advantages of online tourism is that you can do sightseeingin the same room with people who are far away. As an initiative to take advantage of this, it would
be a good idea to offer tours that allow visitors to sightsee with celebrities. By holding these tours
several times a year and charging a premium fee, it would be possible to attract a continuous streamof visitors and generate income. I thought it would be possible to attract people of all ages andgenders by holding tours with celebrities from as many genres as possible (Johnny's, Enka singers,
actors, comedians, etc.).
about conclusion2
As the datum from the Dai-ichi Life Research Institute shows, the number of older adults
who have experienced online tourism is low. In addition, it is believed that older people havephysical problems that make it difficult for them to travel far from home. Therefore, I thought itwould be a good idea to conduct online tourism in hospitals and nursing homes to spread thecontent of tourism among the elderly and to encourage those who are unable to travel far due tophysical problems to do so. I believe that this would generate a certain level of demand, and that itwould be advantageous for bedridden people to be able to enjoy sightseeing.
In the future, I will consider how to request celebrities, nursing homes, and hospitals and totravel agencies, as well as contemplate the source of funds.
4 References“Online Tours Traveling abroad and domestically from your home【HIS】”
2022/5/12
https://www.his-j.com/oe/search/“Online Sightseeing Tour Experience at Home｜Virtual Domestic and International Travel isPopular!ACTIVITYJAPAN Presented by HIS”
2022/5/12
https://activityjapan.com/feature/online-experiences/“Life Design Perspectives "The Potential of 'Online Tourism' for After Corona"”
2022/5/22
https://www.dlri.co.jp/report/dlri/156195.html“Thoroughly discussing the advantages and disadvantages of online tours!' What services do you
recommend?"
2022/6/9
https://singainfo.com/?p=20100“No Disadvantages? Three recommended online tours to make you feel like you're traveling athome!"
2022/7/1
https://dream-traveler.site/archives/25150860.html“Tourism and Travel Trends Survey｜Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism,
Japan Tourism Agency”
2022/8/17
https://www.mlit.go.jp/kankocho/siryou/toukei/shouhidoukou.html“Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan Tourism Agency”
2022/8/17
https://www.mlit.go.jp/kankocho/siryou/toukei/syouhityousa.html"Status and Challenges of Online Programs in Tourism at the Corona Disaster."
2022/10/15
http://repository.center.wakayama-u.ac.jp/ja/4251“【Must-see!】 Online Tour with JTB! Why don't you enjoy the feeling of traveling abroad from the
comfort of your own home? “
2022/9/2
https://www.jtb.co.jp/kaigai_guide/report/inc/special/2020/09/400_650176_1597897502.html

Animal Protection Around the World-Reducing the Killing of Dogs and Cats5419 Miko Nakamura
Abstract
The purpose of my research is to eliminate the killing of animals so that humans andanimals can live in a better relationship. After researching the Internet and literature, I foundthat the problems of animal welfare in the world at present are: malicious mass breeding bybreeders for pet stores, lack of interest in animal welfare among people, differences in theseverity of animal welfare laws and lax enforcement in different countries, and strengtheningof animal shelters. The study revealed that people are not sufficiently interested in animal
welfare. In Germany, which is considered an advanced country in animal welfare, there arestrong laws and enhanced shelters, and the relationship between humans and animals isstronger. Thus, it is important to make people feel the responsibility of owning animals and to
reduce the number of abandoned animals. In addition, in the course of our research, we foundthat different countries have different ways of thinking about animals. This means that wemust maintain diversity among countries and look for better ways for people and animals tolive together.
1 Introduction
I have a dog, the first one I bought from a pet store and the second one directly from abreeder. The motivation for my research was to find out if there is any way to save the livesof animals when I learned that dogs. In addition, other animals are killed if they are notbought by humans.
The purpose of this research is to eliminate the killing of animals so that humans andanimals can live in a better relationship. Also, to eliminate the number of lives that are killed
by culling. The research question is: How can we eliminate the killing of dogs and cats in theworld?
The research method will be to use the Internet and literature to research each of thepast and current global efforts to reduce animal killing. Each effort will be compared andgood points and areas for improvement will be found. In addition, we will go to the places
where the country, prefecture, or city is involved in animal welfare efforts, or where thepublic health center is involved in its own efforts, to see the sites and find the problems andgood points.

2 Discussion and ImplicationsFirst, regarding the current situation in Japan, Japan is said to be a pet-less developed
country, and the actual number of dogs and cats killed in FY 2019 was 5635 and 27108,
respectively.

A breakdown of the number of animals taken in shows that most dogs are mature
animals, while most cats are juveniles. In addition, more cats and dogs were taken in by
unknown owners than by their owners. This is most likely due to illegal dumping by theowner, and such people need to be cracked down on in order to reduce the number oftake-backs.

The left chart shows the number of dogs and cats taken in nationwide, and the rightchart shows the number of dogs and cats returned or given away nationwide. Both thenumber of dogs and cats taken in and the rate of cats killed have been decreasing year by
year. In addition, the number of returned/transferred dogs and cats has been increasing year
by year. These are good trends, and we hope to continue them in the future.

To this end, we believe it is important to spread awareness that there are alternatives
to pet stores when buying animals. To begin with, the number of killings that occur by pet
stores is not small. The animals sold at pet stores are young and healthy. In some cases, olddogs and cats that are not bought are sent from pet stores and killed. For the sake of humanbusiness, vicious breeders repeatedly breed, create lives they cannot take care of, and thenkill them. This should not happen. In order to break down this situation, we believe that pet
stores should also be cracked down on.
In Germany, an advanced country in animal welfare, this measure is already in place,with standards for cage size, lighting, ventilation, and heating systems, etc. In principle, dogs
and cats are not sold in pet stores because it is practically unprofitable to do business if allthese requirements are met. Therefore, in Germany, the culture is to buy directly frombreeders if you want to keep a dog or cat. Germany is also committed to animal protection,and the "Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland" (Basic Law of the Federal
Republic of Germany) is the top-level law that forms the basis of German citizens' lives, andis equivalent to the "Constitution of Japan" in Japan. In Article 20a of this law, the term"animal protection" is clearly stated. In other words, in Germany, "animal protection" isdefined as being of equal importance to such principles as human rights, freedom of religion,and protection of property. On the other hand, the Constitution of Japan has no section on
animals, and the basic law on animals is the "Law Concerning the Protection andManagement of Animals" (the so-called "Animal Welfare Law"). In addition, the"Tierschutz-Hundeverordnung (Animal Protection-Dog Regulations)," a set of dog-specificregulations, contains detailed information on what dog owners must observe when keeping
their dogs. In this way, owners are made to feel responsible for their animals and areprevented from abandoning them.
In addition, Germany has eliminated the use of kill shelters, and the German
Federation for Animal Protection operates "Tierheim" to create a no-kill environment. It isalso necessary to obtain a license to operate a pet store, and there are only a few pet stores inGermany. In Germany, there is a widespread awareness that owning a dog naturally means
going through training. Public transportation such as trains and buses can be ridden withdogs.
In the U.K., private animal protection organizations operate animal shelters andprovide assistance to pet owners. Additionally, the idea that dogs are companions and family
members is deeply ingrained in the country.

Although the number of dogs and cats being killed is decreasing, there are still dogs and catsthat end up being killed.
We thought that by spreading the examples of such advanced animal welfare countries
to other countries, animal welfare could be strengthened in the world as a whole. We also
thought that the creation of a universal animal welfare regulation would lead to thestrengthening of animal welfare in the world as a whole. Although cultures differ fromcountry to country, I believe that establishing minimum rules in accordance with each culture
will serve as a catalyst to promote animal welfare.
Current challenges include strengthening animal welfare laws around the world,
making efforts to inform civilians about animal welfare more seriously, and increasing aid toanimal welfare facilities.
3 Conclusion
In conclusion, in order to reduce the number of dogs and cats being killed, we need toestablish a method to secure staff for shelters to imitate the system in Germany and otherdeveloped countries. And enact universal laws to control animal welfare around the world,and change the perception of pet stores, which is currently the norm in some countries such
as Japan. In particular, the government needs to strengthen its crackdown on pet stores andmalicious breeders, and recognize the current status of animal welfare around the world.

4 References
Germany Animal Laws in the Legislation Database
https://www.globalanimallaw.org › ge… 2022 6/1
ペット先進国ドイツの犬猫保護事情から学ぶこと | 日本初・動物のためのオンライン寄付サイト
https://www.animaldonation.org/blog/overseas_report/7338/ 2022 9/14
日本の常識は世界の非常識!? 動物福祉で一歩先行くドイツのリアルが知りたい！ | 犬・猫との幸
せな暮らしのためのペット情報サイト「sippo」
https://sippo.asahi.com/article/14320043 2022 7/2
アニマルウェルフェア先進国「英国」と、求められる日本の対応 | 地域・分析レポート - 海外ビジネス情報https://www.jetro.go.jp/biz/areareports/2019/4b0d8252e1d5d6c4.html 2022 8/31
ヨーロッパで、の動物保護
https://opac.tenri-u.ac.jp/opac/repository/metadata/3722/SGK001108.pdf 2022 8/31

To Extend Healthy Life Expectancy by Oats
~ Creating recipes that suit the community~
5420 Nieda Riko
Abstract
This research aims to extend healthy life expectancy by promoting the use of oatmeal,
which is effective in preventing and improving heart disease and lifestyle-related diseases, inthe United States. Since obesity is one of the causes of shortened healthy life expectancy, andoats, the raw material of oatmeal, are grown in high latitude regions, the target region was set
in the United States, where the obesity rate is high. The goal is to integrate oatmeal into daily
life by using it in American cuisine. However, since we have yet to come up with an
American-style oatmeal recipe, we would like to continue our research mainly by creating arecipe, practicing it, and repeatedly improving it. In the process, I would like to have several
Americans in my father's office taste the oatmeal to get their opinions and make it morepalatable.

1.

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to extend healthy life expectancy worldwide using oatmeal,
which has become popular due to the recent increase in health consciousness. Since one of
the causes of reduced healthy life expectancy is obesity, and oats, the raw material ofoatmeal, are grown in high latitude regions, I set the target region as the United States, which
has a high rate of obesity. I thought it would be useful for my research because it was eaten
to maintain body shape, and because it improves the condition of the stomach and helps
people to lose weight. Previous research has shown that oatmeal is a low GI food (a food witha slow rise in blood glucose levels after eating), and that it is effective in reducing obesity
rates and extending healthy life expectancy by decreasing bad cholesterol and regulating theintestinal environment. It is said that it was originally used mainly as livestock feed, and only
after the 19th century it came to be treated as a food. In recent years, consumption of oatmeal
as a food has been increasing due to growing health consciousness, but it is still extremely
low. Therefore, I believe that oatmeal can be more efficiently promoted by coming up withoatmeal recipes that fit the food culture of the United States.

2.

Discussion and implications

I(1) About Oatmeal
・TypesRolled oats: Oats steamed and then pressed on a roller
Quick oats: Rolled oats that have been further crushed into smaller pieces
Instant oats: rolled oats heated with water and dried again
These three main types are available in stores. My own experience with them is that rolled
oats are suitable for rice conversion, quick oats are suitable for making sweets and sweet
snacks, and instant oats are suitable for times when there is little time to make them.
・Nutrients included*One serving: 30 g oatmeal (before adding water), 150 g white or brown rice (1 cup), 60 g
bread ( 1 slice of 6 slices)carbohydrat dietaryenergyoats

protein fat

calcium e

fiber

sugarsGI score

105

4.1

1.7

14

20.7

2.8

17.9

55

234

3.8

0.5

5

55.7

2.3

53.4

84

228

4.2

1.5

11

53.4

2.1

51.3

56

149

5.3

2.5

13

27.8

2.5

25.3

91

white
rice
brown
rice
plain
bread

The chart shows that oats have a much lower GI ( = increase in blood glucose level after
eating) and carbohydrates compared to other foods. In addition, its fat content is almost threetimes higher than that of white rice.
・Effects(i) GI and carbohydrates
To lower blood glucose levels, insulin is released, which causes glucose to be absorbed
into cells throughout the body, in the order of muscle, visceral organs, and fat. Glucose

absorbed by the liver and muscles is transformed into glycogen, a source of energy, which isstored. However, when large amounts of glucose are rapidly ingested, the liver and muscles
are not able to process it, so insulin synthesizes glucose into triglycerides, and stores it in fat.
This results in a larger fat mass. Furthermore, if people habitually consume large amounts of
glucose, the ability of insulin to take up glucose decreases, which is called insulin resistance,
and when insulin resistance occurs, the body secretes even more insulin because of
hyperglycemia. When insulin resistance occurs in muscle, which has a high glucose uptake
capacity, more glucose is taken up by fat, and fat tissue becomes larger and larger.
Therefore, low carbohydrates and low GI make it harder to raise blood glucose levels, andless likely to cause fat tissue to grow, which is a perfect characteristic for improving obesity.
(ii) Lipids
I mentioned that oatmeal is higher in fat than white and brown rice, but it is worth notingthat it is particularly high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are divided into n-3 and n-6 series, and the table shows that then-6 series accounts for most of them. These include linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid.
Linoleic acid reduces cholesterol and prevents atherosclerosis. Alpha-linolenic acid also
reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and helps the body produce eicosapentaenoic acid
(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are also essential fatty acids. Since thesecomponents are not available in white or brown rice、 their intake through oatmeal iseffective.

I(2) About Healthy Life Expectancy
Regarding the definition of healthy life expectancy, the Ministry of Health, Labour andWelfare (MHLW) states that "healthy life expectancy is an index of the average length oftime a person can be expected to live in a certain healthy state," which is not similar to theaverage life expectancy. Its calculation method is based on the Sullivan method*. (*Sullivan
method: Assuming a situation where 100,000 people are born every year without fail, andgiving the age-specific mortality rate and the age-specific "healthy/unhealthy" ratio to it, the"total survival period in a healthy state (steady-state population of healthy people)" isobtained, and this is divided by 100,000 to obtain healthy life expectancy).

I(3) Dietary characteristics of different continents and regions
When one thinks of America's famous cuisine, fast food is the first thing that comes tomind, but it is not always a hamburger at every meal. Americans (especially city workers) arepressed for time, and two-thirds of all Americans go to work or school without breakfast. The
reason for this is, as mentioned earlier, lack of time, but also lack of appetite. For theremaining one-third of Americans, cereal with milk is the standard, and there are many cereal
flavors and combinations, such as yogurt instead of milk.
As for lunch, it may be just as you imagine, but many urban workers are busy and choose
fast food, which is readily available. McDonald's, Wendy's, Taco Bell, etc., but these fast
foods are not very healthy.

Table shows that this Big Mac set is high in calories and fat, while lacking in minerals,
vitamins, and dietary fiber, making it nutritionally unbalanced.
Since the website I used was that of McDonald's Japan, I thought that the size, quantity, andcalorie content might be different from the products sold at McDonald's in the U.S. However,I compared the calorie content of the Big Mac sold in Japan and the U.S. respectively on each
official website and found that The difference in calories was about 25 kcal, indicating that
there is not much difference regarding the size of the burger. However, in the U.S., the size ofthe drink is much larger than in Japan, and the difference in calories for a Coca-Cola M isabout 70 kcal. In other words, you will consume more calories when ordering a Big Mac set
in the U.S. than in the table above.

3.

Conclusion

The current conclusion is to extend healthy life expectancy by promoting oatmeal in the
United States, which is effective in preventing and improving heart disease andlifestyle-related diseases. The goal is to integrate oats into daily life by using them in
American cuisine. However, since we have yet to come up with an American-style oatmeal

recipe, we would like to continue our research mainly by creating a recipe, practicing it, andrepeatedly improving it. In the process, I would like to have several Americans at my father's
workplace taste the oatmeal to get their opinions and make it more palatable.

4.

References

Obesity shortens life expectancy by 8 years, healthy life expectancy by nearly 19 years - U.S.
data analysis
https://medical-tribune.co.jp/kenko100/articles/141219527902/
Mechanism of Obesity
http://www.ricky-ortho.com/blog/2020/05/post-2-737058.html
Food Ingredient Database (This database was developed by the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and is available to the public on a trial basis.)
http://fooddb.mext.go.jp/
Definition and calculation of healthy life expectancy｜e-Health Net (Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare)https://www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp/information/hale/h-01-001.html#:~:text=%E6%AF%8E%E5%B9%B4%E5%BF%85%E3%81%9A10%E4%B8%87%E4%BA%BA,%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD%E3%82%92%E6%B1%82%E3%82%81%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82
Nutritional Balance Check
https://www.mcdonalds.co.jp/products/nutrition_balance_check/Expansion of basketball league’s market scale～spread of watching sports～
ID 5421 Nishimura Nana

◯Abstract
In order to expand the market size of the B-League, I considered two areas. The scale of
NFT in the B-League is still small, and there is room for improvement. Also many B-League
teams have little or no information about wheelchair seating on their websites. I believe that
expanding consideration for the disabled in the Japanese B.league will help raise awarenessof the welfare of the disabled around the world.
1 Introduction
I like basketball very much and I want to do a study related to basketball. Also I would likeeveryone to know how exciting basketball is. In the end, I would like society's economy to
be good by the basketball league markets.
This research’s effect is the fullness of barrier free, economic growth in Japan and the newvalue of the basketball league.
research question: What can we do to spread the basketball league’s market scale?
<hypothesis ①>
B.league may make a new market by making new products or sites for foreigners.
<hypothesis ②>
More people may come to see basketball games by arranging the environment of watching
sports for potential audience.
As with previous research, there is the research “ The Realities and Issues of Watching
Sports with People with Disabilities and the elderly -Based on the result of a questionnaire
survey of those who watched together.”
Next, I will explain the way to do the research.
<hypothities ①>①research B.league’s market and goods

②research NBA’ market and goods③compare with B.league to NBA④research other country or league’s attempt⑤consider what attempt B.league can do<hypothesis ②>①ask people in wheelchair if they feel unusual when they see the basketball games②research consideration for handicapped in Japan③go to the basketball games and research the reality④research consideration for handicapped in foreign countries⑤compare the consideration watching basketball games with B.league to NBA⑥take a survey and understand the problem’s detail⑦suggest the improvement plan to make evryone enjoy watching the games

2 Discussion and implications<hypothesis ①>
According to the economist in America, Igor Ansoff, there are four ways to spread the market
scale.
1.penetration of the market (existing market ✕ existing goods )2.development of goods (existing market ✕ new goods)
3.cultivation of new market (new market ✕ existing goods )4.diversification (new market ✕ new goods)

I researched the B.league and NBA[B.league]
existing market :Japan, Philippines

goods:・watching basketball at the gym
・watching basketball on the Internet
・cheering goods
・goods on the Internet
・NFT[America]
existing market :Japan, America
goods:
・watching basketball at the gym
・watching basketball on the Internet
・cheering goods
・NFT
*NFT
It's the Non-Fungible Token. NFT is the system which we can prove that the thing is only byusing the technology of blockchain.A lot of people pay attention to the system as a rarity
value.(According to B.League)

Also ,I researched metaverse
related to NFT. According to
the Yano Economy ResearchInstitute,the metervase’s
market will become very large
after five years.

<hypothesis②>
According to the research, “Condition and Problem of watching basketball for alternative
person and old person 〜According to the result of the survey to the caregiver who watchedbasketball with alternative person 〜”, a lot of people wants the services, priority use of bus,
free shuttle bus, car park near the venue’s entrance.Therefore, there are some places which is
not enough service for alternative person to watch sports.
Next,I put the date from “B.LEAGUE 2019-2020 season guidelines of home arena
together. I knew that there are some systems for people with physical disabilities.
[the condition they must have]・chair for caretaker・There is a toilet for alternative person near the seats for those people
・There is a elevator which alternative person can use near the seats for those people
・The way which an alternative person passes is safe for both the alternative person and theother person.
・There is always the seat space for an alternative person. According to the needs,they can get
the seats for people with physical disabilities over 0.5% of the number of seats
・There is a car park for alternative person and it’s near the venue’s entrance[the condition they should have]・Al the chair have seat backAlso, I researched the location of seats for alternative people and how to get theseats.Please look at Information③ and Information④. It’s different over half number of thebasketball teams from ordinary people how alternative person to buy tickets. Also, There areseats for people who are in a wheelchair at only first floor or second floor at about 36% of thebasketball team and I can not expect where is the seat for the people on the Internet at about
18% of the basketball team.This is one of the reason it’s difficult for people with wheelchairs
to go to the game.In 2017,B.League invited the children with bad disease and their family to
go to the basketball game as one of the social activities.At the events,these participants asked
B.League to increase providing information about barrier-free and improving barrier-free
about equipment and tool.However, there isn’t enough information for alternative people andB.League should improve quickly.
Next, I compared the Chiba Jets’ and Ryukyu Golden Kings' homepage.

target: Chiba Jets Funabashi, Ryukyu Golden Kings, Funabashi arena, Okinawa arena
result: There are some pictures and information about the seats of wheelchairs on only
Funabashi arena’s homepage.
Therefore, there isn’t enough information for alternative people.
I went to Ota Civilization Exercise Park and watched the game ,Gunma Crane-thunders vs
Chiba Jets Funabashi, on October 10 th as the research’s field work. I wrote about theexperience and feeling.
・There is a person with physical disabilities who watched the game as good as ordinary
people by moving the pipe chair↑A lot of people may be influenced by COVID-19 and the active might succeed.
・There are no pamphlet
・There is a shuttle bus between near station to venue.
・There are long stairs so it was hard for some people.
・There are many roads which is different for people with wheelchairs to go through in thevenue
・There are pamphlets at a station near the venue
・At every game,it’s dangerous for people with wheelchairs because sometimes the ball player
hits chairs and the audience.
・The performance was good for everyone
Next, I researched the condition of the wheelchair seats.
According to Information③ and information④, there are few difference about the rang andthe number of seats alternative person can choose in America. Also the information wasmade in 2015 so that there have been good services before the information was made.
Therefore, I will introduce you to the differences in attention for people with physicaldisabilities between Japan to foreign countries.
[Japan]・There are few location which people with physical disability can choose
・the number of seats is a small
・there is few information for alternative person

[America]
・There are many location which people with physical disability can choose
・the number of seats is large
・there are lots of information for alternative person

information①purchase way of b1 League wheelchair （making by the homepage,B1 league’s
homepages ）information②

b1 league’s Percentage of wheelchair seats located on each floor of each arena（making by
the homepage,B1 league’s homepages)information③ "International Comparison of Wheelchair Seating in Stadiums: Correlation
between Price and Number of Seats by Hideto Kijima”

information④ "International Comparison of Wheelchair Seating in Stadiums: Correlation
between Price and Number of Seats by Hideto Kijima”

3 conclusion<hypothesis ①>

B.League uses NFT later than NBA. Thus, it’s expected that the B.league will increase theincome and make the market large.
<hypothesis ②>
In order to create an environment where a wide range of people can enjoy basketballgames equally, it is necessary to improve the web page, increase the number of wheelchairseats and the range of wheelchair seats available for selection and purchase.
I propose the following items for the enhancement of the web page.
<Mandatory contents>
・the way to purchase and location of seats・Description of facilities (photos, evacuation routes, etc.)<Contents that should be included>
・3D seating chart・Chat room
I am also considering information⑤ for funds to enhance the web page and increase
wheelchair seating. To explain, funds will be raised through fundraising and donatedproducts. The funds will be used to increase the number of wheelchair seats and improve thewebpage. And by reporting the results and holding events with priority given to wheelchairusers, the general public will be motivated to donate money and purchase donated products.
Then, raise funds by circulating them as shown in information⑤.
In the future, I would like to look for new issues and find solutions. I would also like tomake our proposal more concrete.

Infirmation⑤How to collect the fund <suggestion>

4 References
・B.LEAGUE 2019-2020 Season Home Arena Inspection Guidelines"
https://www.bleague.jp/files/user/about/pdf/r-36_2018.pdf
・ The actual situation and issues of watching sports games with the disabled, elderly, etc. From the results of a questionnaire survey of people who watched the games together Senior Chief Researcher, Eiko Mizuno. https://www.dlri.co.jp/pdf/ld/2017/rp1707b.pdf
・ Statistical data on users of wheelchair-accessible toilet facilities, Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
https://www.mlit.go.jp/sogoseisaku/barrierfree/content/001367708.pdf（ November 12, 2021）
・International Comparison of Wheelchair Seating in Stadiums: Correlation between Price andNumber of Seats Hideto Kijima https://www.kijikiji.com/consultant/ronbun/studium.pdf（
December 3, 2021）
・ Gunma Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities http://gunma-reha.jp/（ October 19, 2021）
・ Funabashi Arena" https://barrier-free-map.com/4180.php（ October 22, 2021）

・Ryukyu Golden Kings https://goldenkings.jp/ October 22, 2021 Chiba Jets
https://chibajets.jp/（ October 22, 2021）
・Okinawa Arena https://okinawa-arena.jp/（ October 22, 2021）
・ Gunma Crain Sanders" https://g-crane-thunders.jp/https://g-crane-thunders.jp/（December
9, 2021 ）・Kawasaki Brave Thunders https://kawasaki-bravethunders.com/（ December 9, 2021）
・ Levanga Hokkaido https://www.levanga.com（ December 9, 2021）
・ Akita Northern Happinet https://northern-happinets.com/（December 9, 2021）
・ Nagoya Diamond Dolphins https://nagoya-dolphins.jp/（December 9, 2021 ）・Albark Tokyo https://www.alvark-tokyo.jp/（ December 9, 2021 ）・Osaka Evessa https://www.evessa.com/（December 9, 2021）
・ Ibaraki Robots https://www.ibarakirobots.win/（ December 9, 2021）
・ Utsunomiya Brex https://www.utsunomiyabrex.com/（ December 9, 2021）
・ Sun Rockers Shibuyahttps://www.hitachi-sunrockers.co.jp/（ December 9, 2021）
・ Yokohama Bee Corsairs https://b-corsairs.com/（ December 9, 2021）
・ Niigata Albirex https://www.albirex.com/ （December 9, 2021）
・ Toyama Graugies https://grouses.jp/（December 9, 2021）
・ Shinshu Brave Warriors https://www.b-warriors.net/（ December 9, 2021）
・ Hiroshima Dragon Flys https://hiroshimadragonflies.com/（ December 9, 2021 ）・Shimane Susano Magic https://www.susanoo-m.com/（ December 9, 2021）
・ Shiga Lake Stars https://www.lakestars.net/（December 10, 2021）
・Kyoto Hannahlies https://hannaryz.jp/（ December 13, 2021）
・Seahorse Mikawa https://go-seahorses.jp/（ December 13, 2021）
・SANYO NEO PHOENIX https://www.neophoenix.jp/ （ December 13, 2021）
・What will happen to wheelchair-friendly stadiums in the U.S. at the Tokyo Olympics?
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/sports/story/3263/index.html

November 12, 2021
・ "LINE NFT" https://nft.line.me/store/brand/23（October 12, 2022）
・"2022 Metaverse Corporate Market Trends and Outlook"https://www.yano.co.jp/market_reports/C64110500 （ October 12, 2022）

History class and discrimination-history from a wide perspective 5422 Akari Hanamura
Abstract
History education can have a great impact on the international community. I decided to conduct thisresearch because I believe that biased history education causes discrimination, which should be
eliminated as soon as possible. As a proposal, I would like to develop an application that functions as"education to nurture." Discrimination that arises from history lies in learning history from asuperficial and narrow perspective. I think the most effective way is to create something that allows
people from all over the world to interact with each other. There are two functions of the app. The firstis the chat function. Students from different countries can share the knowledge they have learned intheir own country in the app , and it can be inferred that it is effective in broadening their perspectives.
The second is a textbook comparison function. Textbooks from each country are posted and can beviewed freely. If there is an event that interests you, you can easily go check how it is depicted inother countries. There are many challenges, but this app will bring a great effect in terms of coming
into contact with different values.

1 Introduction
It is not rare for Japanese students to be bullied in classes about the attack on Pearl Harbor, where they
were taught that Japanese were cruel. Furthermore, recently, we often see boycotts and demonstrations
against Japan in the news. I think these are things that happened based on history education. The
ultimate goal of this research is to reduce the discrimination caused by such history education.
According to Professor Tomoko Ikegami of Osaka City University, it is generally known that people
show a favorable attitude toward outgroups while repeatedly having intimate contact with them. In
addition, according to Professor Hiroshi Sanuki of Hosei University's Career Design Department,‘’Education should take a value-neutral stance in the sense that it should not be ‘’instructed'' byconcluding which choice is correct.” Based on these, I thought of developing an application. As
mentioned above, the discrimination that arises from history lies in learning history from a superficial
and narrow perspective. I think the most effective way is to create something that allows people fromall over the world to interact with each other. Two functions of this app are the chat function and the
textbook comparison function. I’m going to research more about the effective ways to foster mutual
understanding and ask opinions or advice to authorities to make my research more effective.

2 Discussion and implications
According to Professor Hiroshi Sanuki of the Faculty of Career Design at Hosei University,‘’Education should take a value-neutral stance in the sense that it should not conclude which choice iscorrect and ‘’instruct'' it.” Also, according to Che Syoung, South Korea emphasized that Koukuri(高句麗) “defeated Japan'' in the incident in which the forces of Wa(倭) and Koukuri collided. On theother hand, Japan emphasized that “Wa'' crossed the sea and fought against the powerful
Koukuri.’'From that, we can see that the same history has been planted with different views. In
addition, according to Professor Koei Honda of Miyagi University of Education, education related tovalues ​(including historical views) is divided into "education to teach" and "education to nurture." Ithought it was necessary to work differently on the two parts. In “teaching education,” objective“basic knowledge” is taught, and students form their own sense of values ​using “basic knowledge” asan important material. Reassessing historical images and other acquired information, recognizing it asa process of forming one's own sense of values ​(historical view) under the freedom of sense of value
formation, and getting involved in it. He grasped the teacher's approach as "education to nurture." At
present, "education to teach" is the mainstream, but I thought it would be difficult to say that"education to nurture" is being done enough. Professor Tomoko Ikegami of Osaka City University
also says that it is generally known that people who have repeated close contact with outgroups showa favorable attitude toward them.

3 Conclution
I believe that what I can do is to develop an application (named "history from a perspective
viewpoint") that functions as an "education to nurture." As mentioned above, the discrimination thatarises from history lies in learning history from a superficial and narrow perspective. I think the mosteffective way is to create something that allows people from all over the world to interact with eachother. In fact, through using this app, students can exchange their opinions freely, and as a result,discrimination can be reduced. As a function of this app, let me raise two. The first is the chatfunction. Please refer to Figure 1 for the state of the conversation. Students from different countries
can share the knowledge they have learned in their own country here, and it can be inferred that it iseffective in broadening their perspectives. Conversation is smooth because the translation is
automatic. It is thought that there are times when they speak based on the textbook comparison
function, which will be explained later.The challenge is that conflicts of opinion within the chat may
result in discriminatory remarks. To prevent this, a supervisor will be appointed, and if excessive
discriminatory comments are made, the person in question will be reported using the reporting
function (students will also be able to report such comments). However, the difficulty is that conflictsof opinion are sometimes meaningful and are the core of a discussion. It is difficult to decide how far

to go in such cases. The second is the function to compare textbooks. Textbooks from different
countries are posted and can be viewed freely. If there is an event that interests you, you can easily go
and check how it is portrayed in other countries. However, there are many challenges, and the biggest
concern is that this application may induce discrimination, especially if there is a reporting function.
To solve this issue, we considered creating a program that would deepen students' understanding of
the other country in stages, but we wanted to create a space where students could learn about thehistorical events they care about at their own leisure, so solving this issue would be difficult.
However, the application would still have a great effect in terms of exposing students to different
values. I think this will lead to the SDGs "quality education for all".

figure1

References
・私が経験した日本の歴史教育https://www.bbc.com/japanese/features-and-analysis-39475888

大井真理子記者
・差別・偏見研究の変遷と新たな展開
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/arepj/53/0/53_133/_pdf
池上知子（大阪市立大学大学院）
・生徒の価値観形成の自由と教育の「中立性」
https://www.hosei.ac.jp/application/files/8715/7188/2962/3-3_2015.pdf
佐貫浩（法政大学キャリアデザイン学部）

0bjectication of pain~the future medicine seen from “pain”~
5423 Hara Ryuta◯Summary of Research
I propose the objectification of pain in order for doctors to understand patients' symptoms
accurately and to make doctors' diagnosis smoother and more accurate. There is a method to
objectively know the pain by giving radio waves to the brain in the situation of brain waves,
but it is time-consuming and costly. In addition, it does not facilitate the doctor's diagnosis.
Therefore, we thought it would be better to use this method in limited situations, such as
when the doctor performs a normal medical examination and the patient has difficulty indifficult cases or in properly communicating his or her symptoms.
1 Introduction
The emotion of "pain" is one that we have all experienced. This emotion is very subjective,
even though it has a rather large meaning in medicine. When I went to the hospital some time
ago with a leg injury, I was very distressed by the question "what kind of pain? So my goal
was to make this pain objective in order to increase efficiency in medical situations, which inturn would lead to the development of medicine in the world as a whole. I will examine themethods currently used in diagnosis to determine the degree and type of pain, and search fortheir problems and merits. Then, from there, we came up with better ideas for objectifying
pain, finding good and bad points about them and ways to improve them. We also created asystem to better use them.
2 The Main Thesis
Now, when assessing pain in a diagnostic setting, important aspects to consider are theintensity and nature of the pain, the degree of daily life disturbance, quality of life, and themental, physical, spiritual, social, and environmental aspects of the pain. First, there are many
ways to look at pain intensity. For example, there is the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), whichshows the patient a black line 10 cm long (the left end is "no pain" and the right end is"maximum imaginable pain"), and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), which has 11 levels
from 0 to 10, with 0 representing no pain and 10 representing maximum imaginable pain. The
Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) is a stepwise scale in which the patient is asked to answer on a
4-point scale.
The Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), a 4-point scale, and the Face Rating Scale (FRS), which
determines the intensity of pain based on the patient's facial expression. These are all basedon the subjective judgment of the patient or the physician. Conversely, a possible objective
method is to use a medical device that calculates the degree of pain as a numerical value,calculated from the response to a weak electric current stimulus that does not cause pain. By
making good use of this device to objectively determine pain, it is thought that more accurate
and efficient diagnosis can be made. PaMeLa, a start-up company from Osaka University, hasdeveloped a technology to visualize a patient's "pain," using AI (artificial intelligence) toautomatically calculate the level of pain based on brain wave patterns, which may enableobjective evaluation of the degree of pain that relies on the patient's subjective judgment. It
has the potential to objectively evaluate the degree of pain, which relies on the patient's
subjective view. The "Pain Monitoring System (PMS)" being developed by PaMeLa is asystem in which the user wears a wearable electroencephalography (EEG) with eight
electrodes on the forehead, and the EEG data output is analyzed on the cloud and displayedon a monitor independent of the EEG monitor, along with the independently developed The
output EEG data is analyzed on the cloud and displayed in real time on a monitor
independent of the EEG monitor as a "Pain Score," a 100-level pain index developed by thecompany. The unique feature of using EEG as a marker is that the device will be used forpost-operative pain monitoring in FY2023, and nurses will be able to call out to patients if thedevice detects any abnormality.
Objective evaluation with current stimulation above would be time-consuming and costly. It
also does not facilitate the doctor's diagnosis, so we suggest that the system be used in limited
situations, such as when the doctor performs a normal medical examination and the patient
has difficulty in difficult cases or in properly communicating his or her symptoms.
The PaMeLa system would also take more time than usual, so we think it is better to use thesystem in the same way as the current stimulation .
3 Conclusion

I believe that one of the solutions to make the flow of diagnosis more accurate andsmoother is to create a system in which objective diagnostic methods using EEG and current
stimulation are not used for every diagnosis, but are used on a limited basis for those whohave difficulty in communicating their pain and symptoms when the physician deems it
necessary.
References
https://www.toutsu.jp/Flow エーザイ株式会社、疼痛.jp
https://www.jspc.gr.jp/igakusei/igakusei_hyouka.html
日本ペインクリニック学会、痛みの基礎知識
https://europepmc.org/article/med/9159063
behavior to assess pain. ( Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (small Animal), 01
May 1997, 12(2):61-74
DOI: 10.1016/s1096-2867(97)80003-5 PMID: 9159063 )https://xtech.nikkei.com/atcl/nxt/column/18/00001/06729/?P=2 日経クロステック

Sports SDGs
〜Achieving the SDGs through sports〜
5424 Kouki Fukasawa
Outline of Research
There are many opportunities to experience sports in today's world, such as the Summer andWinter Olympics, Paralympics, World Cup and World Championships in each sport, and,
although not on a global scale, high school soccer championships and high school baseballgames such as Koshien. Most of these events are broadcast in all regions of the world, so it ispossible to experience sports other than the ones you play or watch on a daily basis. In
addition to being able to watch a variety of sports, many people who do not often watch
sports or who are too busy studying or working to go to the games can also watch them. In
this way, the world is involved with sports in many ways. However, the efforts to promote theSDGs, such as the efforts being made by sports teams and each sport, are not well known. In
order to inform more people about them, it is necessary to promote what they are doing. This
study is about that.
1. Introduction
The purpose of this study is to make more people aware of the SDGs efforts being made bysports companies, clubs, and competitions as a whole. The hypothesis of this research is that
if we appeal only in the middle of a game, we can only appeal to people who are watching thegame (people who are interested in the team or the sport). Therefore, it is necessary to
propose what can be done to make people in the local community aware of the games by
putting them on TV commercials or taxi cabs, etc., and then gradually increase the scale of
the games so that more and more people will become aware of them. We should also increase
the number of companies and clubs that are involved in the project so that efforts can bemade from a variety of angles.There are other cases in which sports empower people andcontribute to the SDGs, although I am not sure if this can be called an initiative. For
example,Mohammed Farah,British track and field athlete, from net news.

He won four gold medals in the Olympic games. He was a victim of human traffic.He wasbrought to England illegally when he was young and was made to work as a servant.As hegrew up, he entered school and started track and field. It made him an Olympian. He said
“sport was a lifeline.”. Even if we cannot become an Olympian,sports give us a manner suchas greeting.Sportsmanship can be used as a means of teaching and practicing these life skills.
This relates to SDGs Goal 1. No Poverty; End poverty in all its forms everywhere. In
addition, something similar happened in baseball. Miyagi Prefecture-based Tohoku Rakuten
Golden Eagles Motohiro Shima, who was the player's president at the time, gave aspeech."The evolution of baseball beyond the realm of sports is now being questioned. Let'sshow you the true power of baseball. Let's show the true power of a baseball player. Let'sshow the best of baseball fans.Let's work hard together! Let's support each other Nippon!Wewill believe in the underlying strength of baseball and play as hard as we can. We ask foryour cooperation for the sake of the disaster-stricken areas."Not only that, but it also they
won the Japanese baseball championship after this.These things empowered not only thepeople living in Tohoku, but Japan as a whole.In this way, sports can promote thepost-disaster recovery process by creating bonds and a sense of unity with disastervictims.This relates to SDGs Goal 13,Climate Action; Take urgent action to combat climatechange and its impacts.

2. This paper
The Sports Agency has entered into a partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
called "Our Global Goals". The Agency also distributes video messages from famous athletes
and others on the International Day of Sports for Development and Peace. It is opening the
Kansai SDGs Forum as the theme of employee contribution through sports - Japan opening
with SDGs.
In the J-League, various clubs are also involved in various activities. For example, theShimizu S-Pulse has changed the rules to allow anyone to participate in soccer events(relate
to SDGs Goals 3), players visited schools, created an environment for women's soccer, hired
female staff(relate to SDGs Golds 5), and is Japan's first carbon offset club(relate to SDGs
Golds 13).

However, almost all of the companies and clubs that are still working on this issue are not yet
fully committed.

3. Conclusion
I was able to learn about various initiatives because I was interested in them, but I would nothave known about them if I did not do this research. In fact, I only know my favorite soccer
clubs and what they are doing before games, so I realized that I need to do more to promote
players and club activities. If I don't do so, I don't think people will know about the efforts
they are making. I also think that we need to increase the number of companies and clubs thatare working on the SDGs and make efforts from many angles in the future.

4. References
https://www.mext.go.jp/sports/b_menu/sports/mcatetop08/list/1410259.htm
Sports Agency SDGs July 15
https://nagoya-grampus.jp/club/sdgs/
Nagoya Grampus SDGs Initiatives June 30
https://www.s-pulse.co.jp/csr/sdgs
Shimizu S-Pulse Club SDGs June 30
https://bigissue-online.jp/archives/1079347930.html
Soccer player gets down on one knee. Is Protesting Racism "Political"? The History and
Future of the Action August 8

Promotion of paperless
Saving resources and improving work efficiency
Forest Paperless AI
5425 Mizuide Kaito
Introduction
The purpose of this research is to contribute to the control of deforestation by promoting
paperless operations. First, the reason I have wanted to prevent deforestation is that more andmore forests which help prevent global warming are being cut down. I was interested in
global warming, so I did some research and found that one of the causes was the decrease inforest area. That's why I decided to curb deforestation. When I investigated the causes of thelarge amount of deforestation, I found that it was being used as fuel, and the shift to land use.
I thought that I could contribute to the control of deforestation by reducing the amount of
paper used, so I decided to promote a paperless society.
Next, this study is aimed at Japan. I will explain why I chose Japan, and how much people
can contribute to reducing the consumption of wood by reducing paper in Japan. First of all,when I checked which country has a lot of paper consumption, I found that Japan has thesixth largest. It was found that the world average consumption of paper per capita was 54
kilograms, while Japan was quite high at 202 kilograms. Also, when I looked into the use ofJapanese wood, I found that the paper and paperboard accounted for 42%. From there, I
thought that Japan should reduce paper, and Japan would be able to significantly reduce theconsumption of wood by reducing paper.
Regarding paper consumption and paperless on the Internet, I examined the advantages anddisadvantages of paperless, successes, failures, progress, etc.
Discussion and implicationsFirst of all, about the progress of paperless, 36% of companies did it actively, and 39% ofcompanies did it to some extent. In total, it's 75%, but I thought I should be able to increase
the percentage of companies that have actively done so. Therefore, in order to promote
paperless, I examined the advantages and disadvantages, as well as what we can learn fromfailure cases and success cases. First of all, the benefits are reducing the cost of paper,
improving operational efficiency, and strengthening security. Disadvantages are system
failure, cost, time, and effort to implement. Next, I will explain the successes and failures. Asa successful example, I examined the case study of JR West. In JR West Japan, it first started
to introduce it at the executive meeting. At first, there was a negative opinion about it, but it
seems that they understood that it could be used while it continued. After that, it was
introduced step by step, and it seems to have succeeded safely. There were no detailed
examples of failures, but the causes of frequent failures are lack of understanding of
employees, differences in IT literacy, and anxiety about system failures. From thisinformation, I would like to consider how to proceed with paperless.
First of all, I think that what needs to be solved is the employee's lack of understanding andIT literacy. The company is operated by the work of each employee. If there is a lack in theemployee's understanding, awareness, and ability to IT, even if you try to promote paperless,it won't work. Then, when I examined why there is a lack of understanding andconsciousness,I found that it is because some employees are used to working on paper orhave to learn new things. So I'm thinking of using AI. I think that by utilizing AI, it can
support people who are resistant to paperless.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I think that I can promote paperless by proceeding step by step, creating acompany that supports paperless, and using AI. As for future prospects, in order to promote
paperless outside of Japan, we will investigate the progress of paperless and the reasons whypaperless will not progress, and consider whether the solution in Japan can be applied. I also
want to think about the problems of this solution and make it a better solution.
References
https://www.jpa.gr.jp/states/global-view/index.html
https://www.atled.jp/wfl/article/16052/
https://product.metamoji.com/share/showcase/case11.html
https://www.ipros.jp/technote/basic-wood1/
https://help-you.me/blog/paperless_howto2021/
https://printing.ink-revolution.com/purikaku/paperless-characteristics-of-unacceptable-people/Japanese Food
~Traditional Japanese Culture~5426 Koki Miyamoto
1. Background, Significance, and Purpose of the Study
Since my third year, I have been studying Japanese food in order to find out how we can spread thecorrect Japanese food to the world after watching a TV program on how to fix the wrong Japanese
food. I hope that by conducting this research, the number of wrong Japanese foods in the world will
be reduced as much as possible. The research question of my study is how can we spread Japanesefood.
2,Research Methodology
I proceeded with my research by making good use of the information I have done so far. I spokewith foreign employees at the Gunma Royal Hotel and conducted research on arrangements. We also
contacted Mr. Alai of the Japan Food Research Institute and received a variety of information. Using
this information as a reference, we conducted research on the Internet.
3 Results of the researchFirst, I considered what kind of arrangement would be best. The question I had was how much of
the arrangement would be acceptable and how much would be an improvement.
I asked the people at the Japan Food Research Institute (JFRI) about the following questions. About
England and Scandinavia
The most common Japanese foods eaten are sushi, udon, and tempura.
What kind of ingredients are used for Japanese food?
Both. If it is a manufacturer that produces locally, both the locally produced portion and the portion
purchased from Japan are on the market. (e.g. KIKKOMAN Soy Sauce... both the portion
manufactured at the factory in the Netherlands and the portion produced in Japan are available in themarket.)Chinese and Korean owners often use soy sauce made in China or Thailand.
Seafood is mostly procured locally.
Differences when reproduced
There are some (but not all) differences in each dish.
Teriyaki => Spicy seasoning with chili peppers is used.
Tempura => served with Thai sweet chili sauce
Tempura => served with Thai sweet chili sauce ・Menus that combine Japanese food with spices suchas pak choi and chili are also available.
About EU countries
The most common Japanese foods eaten are sushi, udon, and tempura.
Are they faithfully reproduced?
In the case of Japanese owners (chefs), the food is approximately faithfully reproduced. However,restaurants with little or no Japanese involvement (Asian-owned) do not reproduce the same dishes. It
is topped with colorful toppings and a sweet sauce of teriyaki or eel sauce. Nigiri Sushi is mostly tunaand salmon.
In Europe, there are two types of Japanese food: those that are popular in other countries and thosethat are popular only in SUSHI.
France (especially Paris), Germany (especially Berlin, Munich, and Dusseldorf), and Italy (especially
Milan), where there are many Japanese restaurants, are the regions where Japanese food is often eaten.
How to procure raw materials
Rice is generally a Japanese variety and originates from Italy and other countries. Only a small
portion is imported from Japan and procured from China, Asia, the U.S., etc. The rest, such as
vegetables, meat, fish, etc., are generally sourced from local sources.
２

U.S.A., Canada
Sushi, udon, tempura, etc. are the most common Japanese foods eaten.
Is the food faithfully reproduced?
Most things are faithfully reproduced.
The further you go into the countryside, the more restaurants serve miso soup, which is not a proper
miso soup, but rather a thin miso soup with instant tofu mixed with granulated dashi and a little miso.
Procuring Ingredients for Making Miso Soup
Most places use local products. Chain restaurants that do business in Japan and have a strong
commitment to the Japanese market may import all of their ingredients from Japan.
California.
The most common Japanese foods eaten are sushi, udon, and tempura.
Are they faithfully reproduced?
Sushi can be divided into two types: faithfully reproduced (nigiri) and arranged (maki, or sushi roll).
Arranged types range from the simple Kappa-maki (California rolls with shrimp added), which began
in the 1990s thanks to the success of Major League Baseball pitcher Nomo, to the very fancy ones
with a variety of ingredients and toppings. Although different from traditional Japanese sushi rolls,
they are very tasty. As represented by the word "photogenic," the U.S. is good at using colors andcombinations of colors that "look good," and even ramen noodles are sometimes decorated withtoppings that would be unthinkable in Japan. In some cases, ramen noodles are topped with toppingsthat would be unthinkable in Japan. Many of them are well made, and I feel that a new type of food isbeing created.
Ingredients used in making sushi
In the case of sushi, most of the seafood is imported from outside the U.S., not only from Japan, butalso from Southeast Asia, Scandinavia, etc.
Chicago
The most common Japanese foods eaten are sushi, udon, and tempura.
Are they faithfully reproduced?
Some restaurants are able to reproduce them, but most are not.
Example.)Sushi: California rolls and other back rolls
In the U.S., people are much more likely to associate sushi with this type of sushi.
Ingredients
If a Japanese food manufacturer like our company produces locally in the U.S., we use local
ingredients.
If they do not produce locally, they procure Japanese ingredients, mainly miso.
Ingredients that tend to spoil, such as meat and vegetables, are basically procured locally.
HoustonThe most common Japanese foods eaten are sushi, udon, tempura, etc.
Are they faithfully reproduced?
Houston has a Japanese population of about 4,000, so it is not yet faithfully reproduced. Personally, I
was shocked to see gari (pickled ginger) used in sushi instead of beni-ginger on top of pork boneramen.
Ingredients
The ingredients are both local and Japanese. Japanese ones are mainly carried by wholesalers.
Orlando, Central America
The most common Japanese foods eaten are sushi, udon, tempura, and teppanyaki.
Are they faithfully reproduced?

Since less than 1% of the restaurants are owned by Japanese, correct Japanese food has not been
reproduced nor penetrated.
For example, the majority of sushi is rolled backwards (nori and rice rolled backwards), and theperception is that rolled backwards = sushi, rather than nigiri. However, the Uramaki isoverwhelmingly more popular than the Nigiri. This is an example of a food culture that has evolved
into a form that is loved by many people in Japan.
Ingredients
Some places use fish from Japan, while others use fish from other countries. As far as sushi isconcerned, frozen fish for sashimi is distributed all over the world. Locally procured fish are basicallyfished in a different way, so there are few fish that can be eaten as sashimi.
Thailand, Vietnam
The most common Japanese foods eaten are sushi, udon, and tempura.
Is it faithfully reproduced?
I feel that they are reproduced. There are stores with Japanese owners and Japanese chefs, Thaiowners and Thai chefs, Vietnamese owners and Vietnamese chefs, etc. There are cases where people
open stores after studying Japanese food, and cases where people do not study Japanese food but learn
how to make it as they use Japanese seasonings, and in any case In any case, I believe that they arefaithful in their desire to serve delicious Japanese food.
Are local ingredients used?
We use both local and Japanese ingredients. Except for seasonings, vegetables, meat, and otherperishable items are basically local. Japanese fish such as those used for sashimi and seasonings thatcannot be reproduced with local products are from Japan.
ASEAN
The most common Japanese foods eaten are sushi, udon, tempura, etc.
Are they faithfully reproduced?
In Singapore, many ingredients are imported from Japan and are faithfully reproduced in many cases.
In other countries, if halal food is required, halal seasonings that do not contain alcohol or meat
extract are used, so it is difficult to faithfully reproduce the taste.
Regarding raw materials
Both. However, there are still few raw materials from Japan that are halal-compliant.
This is the content.
After hearing all this, I realized that Tempura and Sushi are already known in many countries. I ran
into a wall here. I was wondering how much of this is arrangement and how much of it is processing.
In conclusion, I thought that frogs and other ingredients that are processed are not good, and thatchanging the seasoning is a good thing. This would give people a good impression of Japanese foodwith flavors that suit their palates, and would spread to many countries.
I also thought it would be a good idea to spread the idea of such processing on the Internet.

Circle of the World through Music〜Singing for Harmonious Coexistence and Health〜
5427 Yanagitsuru Taisei
abstract
This study is an investigation into the relationship between singing and health. I havebeen conducting this research with the goal of spreading the joy of singing, which I havelearned, to children around the world. The research question was "Does singing connect us to
the world and does singing lead to health?” The purpose of this research is to sing a song. For
this reason, I am planning to implement the "Let's Sing Together Project.” I want to share thejoy of singing with children who do not have enough education due to helping their parents
with their work or due to conflicts.
1,Introduction
I was in a chorus group when I was in elementary school, and I learned the joy ofsinging at that time. I decided on this theme because I wondered if I could apply what I
learned here to my research. In my opinion, singing is the first step to connecting with people
all over the world. We also believe that this will lead to SDGs Goal 3, "Health and well-being
for all. " In the world, there are children who have difficulty going to school because of theirparents' work, poverty, and conflicts. I hope that these children will learn the joy of singing.
I have set my research question as “Is it possible to connect with the world throughsinging, and does singing lead to health?” I would like to relate the research question"connecting with the world" to the sub-theme "symbiosis''.
2,Discussion and implications
The ultimate goal of my research is to conduct the “Let’s Sing Together Project,” aninitiative to sing songs together with children around the world. The purpose is to bring thejoy of singing to children in poverty, children without parents, children who have to go toconflict, etc., and children who are not able to go to school to help their parents with theirwork. Also, I would like to be aware of symbiosis, which is mentioned in the sub-theme, inthis project. Symbiosis literally means to live in the same place, but we do not mean that here.
This project is to make a video of the singing and spread it around the world. In addition, we
would like to learn about the current situation of the children singing and the culture of thepeople living there, and hope that this will lead to multicultural understanding. I would like tocreate an environment where people can sing together, without language barriers. For thisreason, I would like to focus mainly on "Western music," the most widely used English songsin the world.
3,Conclusion
The research concludes that it is important to sing together. A study by Kawasaki
University of Health and Welfare has shown that listening to sounds or singing has a morerelaxing effect on the body and mind than simply relaxing without any stimulation. It also
helps to reduce the secretion of cortisol, the most important type of carbohydrate corticoid
produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is produced to protect the body fromstress, but when it is released under stress for a long period of time, it can cause a variety ofharmful effects. It also weakens the function of insulin, which leads to an increase in blood
glucose levels. This graph shows that the amount of cortisol decreases before and after
singing.

Figure 1: Changes in cortisol (music and singing groups, from left to right)
These two graphs are taken from an English-language paper that published a study
conducted by an overseas research team on pregnant women that measured happiness during
pregnancy.

Figure 2: Change in SAM valence

Figure 3: Evaluation of SAM valence

It shows that the group of women who sang songs had a higher level of happinessthan the group who listened to music. This suggests that singing is good for health, so this is
one of the goals of this study.
4,References
・ヘルスUP 日経Gooday
https://style.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO09390020Q6A111C1000000/
・TOSOH BIOSCIENCE
https://www.diagnostics.jp.tosohbioscience.com/immunoassay/aia-reagents/a-z/c/corp/cort
・National Labrary of Medicine
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32776296/
・ResearchGate
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-9-step-SAM-scale-from-top-to-bottom-Valence-Arousal-andDominance_fig3_316551483

Rebellion for Innovation-necessity of creating worth soon from ‘’the law of conservation of happiness’’class 4, in the fifth grade Yamada Hibiki
1.The purpose of research
I researched about revitalization of Gunma using simulation software of
Taiko-no-Tatsujin three years ago and how to make bullet trains using a computer program 2
years ago but the result was bad. Probably the situation happened because these researches
were not complete. It is usually said that half-hearted research has no worth. However, I
wondered whether completed research has any worth or not. Any research has a factor ofinnovation at least. In this research, I examine the demand for innovation. And more, byextending the question, I judged that we should research If behavior humans do needs for theearth.
2.How to researchThis research was done by examination and thinking. At first, it was started by thinking
if humans should conserve the species, in other words, if we are needed for the earth. After
that, I thought about the behavior that the earth needs and that only humans can do. I used“the law of conservation of happiness” to judge whether the behavior is needed or not. “Thelaw of conservation of happiness” means that the total amount of happiness and unhappiness isthe same in one person’s life. Then I spread this interpretation and thought there is always thesame amount of happiness and unhappiness anytime.
If the earth doesn’t need humans, I present the next question: whether humans should
become extinct.
3. Connection between this research and innovation
It seems that there is a contradiction by discussing it because I disagree withtechnology reform, in other words innovation. However, I think this research is a destructive
innovation※ because humans that do more things than the earth needs what humans do change
the view of considering and they behave the thing that matches with the needs for the earth.
4. The result and problem in this research
The conclusion is “the earth doesn’t change whether humans are on the earth but theearth is confused if humans become extinct right now.” That is why, I think “making theenvironment that the earth allows humans to become extinct” is our duty.
What would happen if humans vanished suddenly? First, electricity couldn't be created.
Power plants might move but the humans who supply its fuel disappear, which means that
serious lack of electricity will happen. Almost all energy would go to important places such aspolitical buildings so electricity isn't supplied at private houses. Three days later when people
disappear, New York would be submerged and one week later big cities where there are a lot of
subway like Tokyo, Paris, and London would samely. In other words, the more artificial the thingis, the shorter the terms that it can stand corruption.

You may think there is no involvement between a lack of electricity or submerging of big
cities and the extinction of animals or plants. However, one month later they would have had aheavy influence. It is said that the meltdown of nuclear power generation and the explosion ofoil platforms would cause destruction of the ecosystem.
As a side note, after three hundred million years, most of the signs which show people
were here would vanish, but nevertheless humans could give bad effects to animals or plants
until plastic or rubber are decomposed. I think it is what we should do to collect and dispose of
these components.
I explained what happened when people disappeared but does the earth really needpeople? In my opinion, “we can’t talk about it.”
In a word, there are animals which need us, otherwise there are them which dislike us to
live. Animals such as dogs as pets and elephants and horses at zoos are difficult to go wild.
They are given their food by humans so they lose the ability to get food themselves. Therefore
people are needed for such animals. On the other hand, some kinds of animals reduced theirliving space because of people’s deforestation and global warming may think that disappearing
people is good. According to the Human dignity and human worth, “Dignity is the answer to themore fundamental questions: ‘Why should I respect people’s autonomy?’ and ‘Why should I
treat people with equity?’ Dignity is the ground of rights, not a synonym for rights.” This shows
every person has dignity. However, I wonder why animals don’t have dignity. Therefore we may
commit their dignity. It is not funny that animals dislike humans. When we consider whether
these two situations conflicting with each other happen or not, I used “the law of conservationof happiness.”
The law of conservation of happiness means that both good things and bad things
happen, that represents the level of good the person feels with value, and that the total ofthese values become 0. I extended this law’s interpretation, so I thought the total value is 0 in
every situation, in other words the mass of happiness doesn’t change.
I used this law so the research’s result is that this world doesn’t change whether
humans are on the earth.
The problem of this research is I don’t know if this research is right because few
people research it or my lack of investigation.
5.Literature
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-6281-0_2?noAccess=true
Human dignity and human worth(6/22)※destructive innovation: There are two types of disruptive innovation: low-end disruptive
innovation and new market disruptive innovation. In both cases, it is possible to become an
instant market leader by destroying the "common sense" of the industry. Disruptive innovation
has a major impact not only on the company's ability to develop its business, but also on thecreation of new markets and the development of new customer bases.The antonym issustaining innovation.

Saving the Hungry with Japanese Food
~Making original nutritional therapeutic meals~
ID 5430 Name Watanabe Sawa
Abstract
Hunger is one of the biggest problems in the world. The number of people who are suffering fromhunger is increasing. I thought from the viewpoint of people who are not getting enoughnourishment. As a result, I suggest that I make original therapeutic food made of Japanese food. I add
Japanese food for not only getting enough nourishment but also to connect Japan to the world. At
first, therapeutic food is used in Africa mainly to rescue children who are dying of hunger, and it iscalled RUTF (Ready to use therapeutic food). I think about what I use as the main material. The goalof my research is to make and to deliver food to developing countries. If I can produce and makefood, I will deliver to 3 developing countries first. And after that, I will increase the number ofdelivery countries to rescue many people who suffer from hunger.

1 Introduction
Japanese food is traditional Japanese polite. It is healthy and great in nourishment so it is good forour health. So, using the merit, I decided on my theme to rescue children in developing countries withoriginal therapeutic food.
The main way of my research is using the Internet and literature. Especially, I payed attention when
I used information from the Internet. And I did fieldwork to get real information. Using it, I came to aconclusion.

2 Discussion and implications
The situation of hunger in developing countries. To review the definition of hunger, hunger is theinability to eat enough for a long period of time, resulting in undernourishment, making survival andsocial livelihood difficult. The world's hungry population is estimated to be up to 810 million people.
In other words, one in nine people is hungry. The regions where hunger is particularly severe are
Africa and Southeast Asia. Africa has the highest prevalence of hunger, with 256.1 million hungry
people, and the number continues to grow. In East Africa, 30.8% of the population is undernourished.
The largest number of hungry people are in Asia, where the number is estimated at more than 513.9
million. Many of these people also live in South Asia.

↑The change and rate of undernourished population
The graph above shows the trend and percentage of the undernourished population, whichindicates that the overall number of undernourished people has been on the decline, but has been
increasing again in recent years. Furthermore, it is expected that by 2030, far more people will be
undernourished than today, with an increase of 200 million people per decade. This is not just an
increase in the world's population; as can be seen in the black line graph, the undernourishedpopulation is increasing as a percentage of the total population.
In regions of Africa and Asia where hunger is severe, starvation causes all forms of malnutrition.
Nine out of ten of the world's stunted children suffer from wasting disease (a disease that begins withbehavioral abnormalities, severe weight loss, and in the final stages, drinking more water. It isbelieved to be spread through excrement.) is concentrated in the two regions mentioned above, with
one in three children stunted in the regions of South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, with
2 billion moderately and severely food insecure people and 20.5 million low-birthweight children,world hunger has become a serious condition. Therefore, I conducted my research in Africa, a country
with a high prevalence of hunger, as a source of nutritional therapeutic foods.
Africa is generally speaking, some countries are well-developed, while others have very serious
hunger problems. In particular, hunger is very serious in sub-Saharan countries, and the hunger
prevalence rate is over 35% in some countries. (Picture 1)↑chart 2↑picrture1
In addition, chart 2 is a table summarizing the hunger map in Picture 1. Figure 1 focuses mainly on
the African continent, and the countries highlighted in yellow in Figure 2 are African countries. The
table shows that among the countries with hunger prevalence rates of 35% or higher, 6 of the 11
countries are in Africa, accounting for 64% of the total. This indicates that it is the highest, not tomention the highest compared to other continents. Of the countries with 25-34.9%, 5 out of 7 are in
Africa, accounting for 71% of the total. This is also the highest percentage. As expected, theprevalence of hunger is high in Africa.
Using the Hunger Map, I consider the countries in which to provide nutritional therapeutic food.
Since nutritional therapeutic food is something that can help people in near-hunger situations, I
wanted to provide it to African countries with hunger prevalence rates of 35% or higher. Therefore, I
narrowed down the number of countries to offer the program to three. These three countries are
Somalia, Madagascar, and Liberia. First, Somalia was selected because it has an African hunger
prevalence rate of 35% or higher and is within a straight line distance from Japan. Madagascar was
selected because it is one of the few African island countries with the closest linear distance fromJapan, and Liberia was selected because it is small, with an area of 11,400 square kilometers, less than
one-third the size of Japan. Thus, it was decided that the research direction would be to provide
nutritional therapeutic food to Somalia, Madagascar, and Liberia.
In addition, I also looked into food assistance in the preparation and provision of nutritional
treatment food. Food aid is mainly provided by organizations, such as UNICEF and JICA. The main
method is fund-raising, and the money is used to distribute food in countries where nutritional
deficiencies are occurring, or to actually cook out and distribute food in the field. Food aid is common
to all organizations, but it was seen as less important than material aid. One possible reason for this isthat in the process of collecting goods, there are various ways to collect relief supplies, such as shoes
and clothes, in addition to money. In contrast, food aid is more limited than material aid because it isbased on fundraising.
Next, I will explain what I have learned from my research on non-electrified refrigerators. As thename suggests, a non-electrified refrigerator is a refrigerator that cools the inside of a cabinet forlong-term food storage without using electricity. The mechanism of cooling the inside of a refrigerator
is as follows.
According to the Non-electrified Workshop, the storage
compartment of a refrigerator is made of metal withhigh thermal conductivity. In addition, as shown in the
figure, the storage chamber is filled with plenty of wateraround it. The top surface of the water is touched by aradiating plate made of a material whose radiating
surface easily produces radiation, and the radiating plateis covered with several transparent plates, so that heatfrom the outside air does not penetrate. In addition, heatfrom the outside air is blocked because the water issurrounded by insulation, and heat from the stored
material is transferred to the surrounding water throughthe metal of the storage chamber. The heat transferred to
the water moves to the top by natural convection and istransferred to the heat sink. The heat on the heat sink isradiated from the outside in proportion to the fourth
power of the absolute temperature, and the heat from thestored material is released to the outside. At this time,
the water in the storage cools unilaterally because it isdesigned to block any heat from the outside. If there is asunny day at least once every three days, thetemperature inside the storage facility can be maintained at around 7 to 8°C even during the daytime
in mid-summer.

Radiative cooling, which can be compared to the ground, means that the ground is always releasing
heat, but during the daytime it is warmed by the sun's heat. At night, however, the ground continues toemit heat all the time, and this heat escapes, cooling the ground.
The advantage of using a non-electrified refrigerator is that it does not require clean water. The
water used in a non-electrified refrigerator does not have to be clean. This is especially true indeveloping countries, where water problems also occur. At first I thought that vegetable production indeveloping countries would be a good solution to poverty. However, clean water is difficult to obtainin developing countries, and I thought it was impractical. However, non-electrified refrigerators are
expected to be fully utilized in developing countries in this respect because they do not require cleanwater. Next, let's look at the point about not using electricity. As the name suggests, non-electrified
refrigerators do not use electricity. The reason for this is that they cool the inside of the refrigerator
using radiation cooling, as mentioned earlier. Therefore, they are easy to use in developing countries
because there is no need to worry about the use of electricity, and they can also be used in the event of
a disaster or sudden power outage. The third advantage is that they are smaller than conventional
refrigerators. The third advantage is that they are smaller than conventional refrigerators, which
requires more time and money to install, but because they are smaller, they take up less space and canbe used by a larger number of people.
Regarding the connection to poverty, the ability to preserve fresh vegetables can first reduce food loss.
And for the farmers, it will also reduce the amount of rotting vegetables and fruits, since they canstore the harvested vegetables there. Thus, this will support farmers and improve poverty.

However, there are not a few disadvantages. For example, it costs a lot of money to make them. It is
expensive because it requires special materials. And it requires a lot of water. Clean water is notnecessary, but a lot of water is needed to fully fill the chamber. In desert areas, for example, thespecifications can be more demanding. And then there is the fact that it depends on the weather.
Radiative cooling is more effective the more hours of sunlight there are. Therefore, high effectivenesscannot be expected on cloudy days or during the rainy season. We will continue to study ways toimprove these disadvantages.
In other words, the question at this point is how to raise money. The method we are considering at the
moment is crowdfunding, but it requires a quid pro quo or a gift in return. Therefore, in order to raise
a lot of money, we need to come up with a return gift that will satisfy the investors. Also, the actual
structure of the non-electric refrigerators has not yet been decided, and we would like to consider thisin the future.
3、references

http://socius101.com/poverty-and-inequality-of-the-us/
https://kadenfan.hitachi.co.jp/rei/lineup/rh52n/feature04.html
https://ja.wfp.org/stories/jietoshipinrosuniguansuru5tsunoshishi
https://gigazine.net/news/20181130-cooling-without-power/
https://running-penguin.hatenadiary.org/entry/20111220/132431114
8
http://denshikousakusenka.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-200.html