DEALING WITH INVENTIONSAND COPYRIGHTS
Office of Management and Strategy for Marine Studies
03-5463-4037 chizaijm@m.kaiyodai.ac.jp

March 6, 2024

What Is Intellectual Property?
Patents (Patent Law)
Invention(product, process, production process)/
20 years from application
Utility Model Rights(Utility Model Act)devices (shape of article, structure)/
10 years from app.

Trademarks (Trademark Law)
mark to use for a product, service/
10 years from registration (renewal)

Design Rights(Design Law)
designs of articles/
25 years from app.

Breeder’s Rights(Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act)new types of plants/
25 years from registration

Copyrights(Copyright Law)artistic creation/
70 years from date of death

Trade Secrets, etc.
(Unfair Competition Prevention Act)

：Absolute monopoly rights (rights where ignorance is no excuse)：Relative monopoly rights (rights that do not allow copying)Dealing With Inventions
Determination of patentability (acquisition of right)

Inventions require novelty and inventiveness whencompared with prior art. Upon receipt of a request for
consultation service, Office of Management and Strategyfor Marine Studies conducts interviews and surveys.

Disclosure of invention (lack of novelty)

Disclosure of the content of the invention through a
research paper (or academic meetings, publications) or
SNS may lead to the inability to obtain a patent for theinvention. Thus, confirmation and coordination of thetiming of disclosure are required.
In addition, note that related papers that were presented
earlier may affect the determination of patentability as well.

How TUMSAT Handles Inventions(Regulations for Employee Inventions Refer to Exhibit, https://shokuin.kaiyodai.ac.jp/kisoku/0178.htm (Japanese only))

When inventions and copyrights are officially created byTUMSAT faculty (professors and associate professors), thefaculty notifies the university thereof, pursuant to theRegulations for Employee Inventions, and the university
determines whether such inventions and copyrights belong
to the university.
If the university determines that the inventions andcopyrights belong to the university, applications will be filed
under the name of the university.
(Procedural flow: Refer to the next page)The “willful application” or “transfer of work (fungus, virus, soil,food, analysis data, etc.), without prior approval, to a third party”
is a violation of regulations.
(Regulations for Handling of Research Results

Refer to https://shokuin.kaiyodai.ac.jp/kisoku/22_033.htm (Japanese only))at least 2 months from consultation to determination of the attribution
Procedural Flow Itoftakes
the invention/copyright.
(1)
Acceptanceof request for
consultation
service(Notification)(2)
Interview(3)
Prior-art
search(5)
Evaluation
Committee forInventions(4)
IP Cases
Review
Conference* Held once a monthAround middle toend of the monthConsultation services available at:
Office of Management and Strategyfor Marine Studies
Ext. 4037
E-mail: chizaijm@m.kaiyodai.ac.jp* Held once a month
1-2 weeks after IP Cases
Review Conference[Points of deliberation]• Novelty, inventiveness• Feasibility(6)
Determinationof attribution tothe university(7)
The university
files theapplication
under its
name
* In the case of a
jointly-filed application,
conclusion of a joint
applicationagreement

Review• Clarificationof advantage
over prior art• Acquisition ofinsufficientdata, etc.

Another interview• Advantage over prior art• Existence of additional data,
etc.

(6)
Determinationof attribution tothe inventor• Acquisition of right is difficult• Lack of feasibility, scholarliness, etc.

The inventor becomes free tohandle the invention, including
filing an application under his/hername alone.
Individually conclude a transfer
agreement, etc. (if necessary,Office of Management andStrategy for Marine Studies
provides the necessary support(advice, etc.)).

Working With Inventions(When an invention is created …)
Confirm inventor

Inventors are not those who assist with experiments; they arethose who find an idea and create the embodiment of thatidea.

Notify the university of the invention and request for
consultation service

Upon creating an invention, the representative inventor of theuniversity must promptly submit a notification to that effect.

→ Please discuss with your supervisor when you created an invention.

What to do with inventors from other institutions

When inventions are created jointly with researchers fromother institutions, coordination with these other institutions isrequired.

Dealing With Inventions
Where the inventor desires to file an application for patent after
changing his/her organization, note that the applicable rules arethose of the inventor’s organization at the time of completion of theinvention, instead of the current organization to which the inventor
belongs.
When the inventor is an adult graduate student studying for PhD or
is a PhD student employed by the university, confirm the following
points.
・Within the purview of company work duties?
 Company employee’s invention (Conform to company rule)・Within the scope of the project for which the PhD student isemployed?
 University employee’s invention (Conform to the university’s Regulations forEmployee Inventions)

・Part of research for the Doctoral program?
 Individual invention
If you have questions, contact Office of Management and Strategy for Marine Studies.

Copyrights (An explanation)
What are they?
They protect the author’s right, etc. with the purpose ofcontributing to the “cultural development”.

Occurrence and period of copyright
Copyright arises automatically when the work is created. Thereis no need to file an application or take other procedures.
The period of protection is during the author’s lifetime+ for 70 years after the author’s death*(* With the enforcement of TPP-related laws* on December 30, 2018, the period waschanged from 50 years.)* Laws partially revising the “laws for the establishment of relevant laws relating to the execution of theTrans-Pacific Partnership agreement”
Source: Copyright Research and Information Center website (last accessed on March 6, 2024)
https://www.cric.or.jp/qa/hajime/index.html
https://www.cric.or.jp/qa/hajime/hajime3.html

Copyrights (Copyright and Author’s Moral Right)
Rights of authors
Author’s moral right:
Protection of the author’s moral interests
Right held only by the author.
Extinguished upon the author’s death.
Right to make a work public; right of attribution; right to integrity

Copyright:
Protection of material interests
Can be partially or entirely assigned or inherited.
Right of reproduction; right of stage performance/right of musicalperformance; right of on-screen presentation; right to transmit to the public;
right of recitation; right of exhibition; right of distribution; right of transfer ofownership; right of rental; right of translation/right of adaptation, etc.; rightsof the original author in connection with the exploitation of a derivative work
Source: Copyright Research and Information Center website (last accessed on March 6, 2024)(http://www.cric.or.jp/qa/hajime/hajime2.html)

Copyrights (What Are Copyrighted Materials? )What are copyrighted materials?
Works that creatively express ideas or emotions, belonging
to the realm of literature, science, fine arts, or music[Exemplification]
This includes works of fiction,screenplays, papers, plays, other words, music, dance,
wordless plays, paintings, prints, sculptures, otherartworks, architecture, maps or drawings of an academic
nature; diagrams, models or other forms of figures,movies, photographs, or programs.

Source: Copyright Information Center HP (last accessed on March 6, 2024)(http://www.cric.or.jp/db/domestic/a1_index.html#1_2)

Copyright infringement
Reproduction, distribution, exploitation, etc. of a work without
the author’s consent (= exploitation allowed with the author’spermission)
Examples:– Creation and use of pirated DVDs
– Reproduction of news articles related to one’s own research and distributing thesame– Copying the content of another person’s paper or the like and placing the samein one’s own paper– Posting of photographs that show paintings and posters as the subject thereof
on a blog– Online distribution of music or the like without the author’s consent– Printing of slides that were used in class and distributing the same to others
without the creator’s consent or uploading files containing the same on SNS
Source: Copyright Research and Information Center website (last accessed on March 6, 2024)(https://www.cric.or.jp/qa/hajime/hajime8.html)
Yamaguchi University; “Tanoshii Chosakukenho”; Yamaguchi TLO, Ltd.; published on February 20, 2019

Exceptions to copyright infringement
The purpose of the copyright is to contribute to “culturaldevelopment.”
It is believed that by defining the scope in which a work can be
exploited freely, it will be possible to promote further
development of culture and creation of works.
→ “Conditional cases of exception” are established.
For example– Reproduction for private use (Article 30)– Quotation (Article 32)– Reproduction, etc. for persons with visual and vision-related impairments andpersons with hearing impairments (Articles 37, 38)

Source: Copyright Research and Information Center website (last accessed on March 6, 2024)(https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=345AC0000000048）
Yamaguchi University; “Tanoshii Chosakukenho”; Yamaguchi TLO, Ltd.; published on February 20, 2019

Exception to copyright infringement: Quotation
Published copyrighted works may be quoted from and used inother works. In that case, quotes must conform to fair practice,and be kept within proper bounds if they are used in the media,critiques, and research.
(Copyright Law Article 32, Paragraph 1)

For example
Placing the content of another person’s text in one’s own academic paper
for review of the results→ In an academic paper, a review cannot be made without indicating thepaper or opinion which has been made public, so that it can beinterpreted that use of the content, within a reasonable scope, ispossible.
Source: Copyright Research and Information Center website (last accessed on March 6, 2024)(https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=345AC0000000048)
Yamaguchi University; “Tanoshii Chosakukenho”; Yamaguchi TLO, Ltd.; published on February 20, 2019

Placing the content of another person’s text in one’s own academic paper
for review of the resultsHowever,it should be noted that use of content in an academic paper
is conditional (allowed only within a reasonable scope)!
Conditions for constituting a reasonable scope(1) The work to be quoted has already been made public.
(2) There is the necessity for a quotation.
(3) A clear distinction is made between the quotation and the author’sown content.
(4) The quotation shall not be altered.
(5) The subordinate-superior relationship is made clear between thequotation and the author’s own text (the paper consists mostly of theauthor’s own text).
(6) The source is clearly indicated.
Source: Copyright Research and Information Center website (last accessed on March 6, 2024)(https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=345AC0000000048)
Yamaguchi University; “Tanoshii Chosakukenho”; Yamaguchi TLO, Ltd.; published on February 20, 2019

Example of quotation (1)本研究は、我が国の地域振興推進における課題と展望に関するものである。

Distinction ofthe quotation
For example by using
brackets, starting a newparagraph, or changing
the font.

我が国は、年々少⼦⾼齢化が進んでいる。内閣府が発⾏する「令和元年版⾼齢社会⽩書」によれば、“我が国の総⼈⼝は、平成 30（2018）年 10 ⽉ 1 ⽇現在、1 億 2,644 万⼈となっている。65 歳以上⼈⼝は、3,558 万⼈となり、総⼈⼝に占める割合（⾼齢化率）も 28.1％となった。”ことが報告されている
1)。さらに、国⽴社会保障・⼈⼝問題研究所の「⽇本の将来推計⼈⼝」に、下記のような報告がある 2)。
-この総⼈⼝は、以後⻑期の⼈⼝減少過程に⼊る。平成 52(2040)年の 1 億 1,092 万⼈を経て、 平成65(2053)年には 1 億⼈を割って 9,924 万⼈となり、平成 77(2065)年には 8,808 万⼈になるものと推計される。-

Do not make any alteration.

⼈⼝減少で特に影響が⼼配されるのは、地⽅への影響である。現代社会の⽣活は、多様なサービスの上に成り⽴っており、⼀定以上の⼈⼝規模を想定して成り⽴っている。例えば、医療・福祉・教育、⾦融、電気・ガス・⽔道などのライフラインに関わるインフラストラクチャー（インフラ）を保持する産業や運輸業・⾷料品、服飾品の販売など⽣活に不可⽋なサービスである。これらを総称して、⽣活インフラとも呼ばれる。⼈⼝減少により⼀定の⼈⼝規模が保持されなくなると、いくらその地域に不可⽋なものであっても、事業撤退を余儀なくされ、結果としてその地域の暮らしが不便になることが危惧される。また、事業撤退が⽣じると、その事業で雇⽤されていた⼈の雇⽤機会を奪うことにもつながる。暮らしの不便さと雇⽤機会の減少は、その地域からのさらなる⼈⼝流出を招くことは想像に難くない。また宇都（2012）3)は、「⼈⼝減少下におけるインフラ整備の課題は，地⽅部においてより先鋭的に顕在化すると考えられる」と述べている。インフラの整備・管理費⽤は膨⼤かつ⻑期間を要するた
め、⼈⼝が少なく、⼈⼝に⽐例して税収も少ない地⽅にとっては、将来ではなく、現段階において既に直⾯している⼤きな課題と⾔えるだろう。実際、1975〜2000 年にかけて⼈⼝減少を経験した 918 ⾃治体を対象に⾏った野村総合研究所による 2008 年に実施したアンケート調査では、回答のあった 464 ⾃治体のうち 95%が今後のインフラ整備に危機感を持っていたことが報告されている 4)。

Example of quotation (2)List of cited references (clearly indicate names of written materials)→ This is just one example.
Please follow the instructions on how to write cited references, etc., given by
the teacher to whom your report will be submitted. The above example
intentionally indicates different ways to distinguish a quotation, but the same
method should be used throughout an actual report.

Exception to copyright infringement:
Use in education
Copyright Act

Reference

Article 35

Article 35
A person in charge of teaching or a person taking classes at a school or other educational institution(except one founded for commercial purposes) may reproduce a work that has been made public, orto transmit to the public that work (this includes the right to make the work available for transmission, if
the work is to be transmitted to the public via automatic public transmission; the same applies
hereinafter), or to transmit to the public through a receiver the work that has been made public andthat is being transmitted to the public, to the extent that is found to be necessary if the purpose of
doing so is use in the course of those classes; provided, however, that this does not apply if the action
would unreasonably prejudice the interests of the copyright owner in light of the nature or purpose of
the work, the number of copies that would be made, or the circumstances of its reproduction.
→ Provided that certain conditions are met, reproduction and distribution of a work are allowed at
educational institutions.
As a result of the legal revision on May 25, 2018, it became necessary to pay a reasonable amount ofcompensation to the copyright owner in the case of use for public transmission (such as an online
class or on-demand class) (Article 35, Paragraph 2; Since making payment to each copyright owner isvery cumbersome in practice, an organization called the “Society for the Administration ofRemuneration for Public Transmission for School Lessons” was established).
Source: Copyright Research and Information Center website (last accessed on March 6, 2024)(https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=345AC0000000048)
Yamaguchi University; “Tanoshii Chosakukenho”; Yamaguchi TLO, Ltd.; published on February 20, 2019For questions regarding IP, contact:
Office of Management and Strategy for
Marine Studies
2nd floor, Number 7 Bldg.
Ext. 4037
E-mail: chizaijm@m.kaiyodai.ac.jp