The 2nd Seoul Economic Daily Aerospace Forum“How far has New Space come?”

Japan’s Space Policy for “New Space”
30 June 2020
Yuri Takaya (Ph.D.)
Visiting Researcher, Institute for Future Initiatives
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN1

Outline
1. Introduction
2. The Concept of “New Space” in General
3. “New Space” Actors in Japan
4. National Space Policy and Law in Japan
5. Endeavors for “New Space”
6. Challenges to Japan’s “New Space”

21. Introduction“New Space” attempts in Japan:
About 90 % of space industry in Japan is dependent on its domestic needs, and their scaleof business is rather small compared with the U.S. and EU.
On the other hand, Japan’s space industry has full-set space capability from producing
satellites and rockets to launching and deploying them into orbits.
In 2008
In 2015
In 2016
In 2017
In 2020

enacted Basic Space Law
launched Basic Plan on Space Policy
enacted 2 national law:
Remote Sensing Data Act
Space Activity Act
launched Space Industry Vision 2030
preparing for new Basic Plan on Space Policy
32. The Concept of “New Space” in General• Not legally defined.
• While the term “New Space” has appeared since the 1980s,the term “New Space Activities” in recent years illustrates space business that provide service:
At a low priceIn a short-time rage
With higher quality• New Space actors are private entities who have investment in their business.
Examples of New Space Actors:
SpaceX, Blue Origin
Examples of New Space Activities:
Launching by Air-Launch, Reusable Space Vehicle, etc.
Satellite Communication Service by Establishing Large Satellite Constellation(=mega-constellation)
Exploitation of Natural Resources on Celestial Bodies
43. “New Space Actor in Japan”: start-up ventures

Source: SPACETIDE COMPASS Report vol.2
https://spacetide.jp/whatwedo/compass/vol-2

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4. National Space Policy and Law in Japan
4.1. Introduction• Basic Space Law (2008)• Basic Plan on Space Policy (2015)• (Draft) New Basic Plan on Space Policy• Space Industry Vision 2030 (2017)6

4. National Space Policy and Law in Japan
4.2. Basic Plan on Space Policy of 2015
Background- Basic Space Law of 2008 extends the scope of “peaceful uses of outer space”
from “non-military” to “non-aggressive” space activities.
 the non-aggressive use of outer space for national security has become legal
however, the scope is narrower than that of other states
due to legal constrain imposed by the Constitution of Japan of 1946.
(Art. 9 “Renunciation of War”).
- Recognizing a big shift in the use of outer space at the international level,
the following concerns were identified before Japan’s space policy.
e.g.
increasing number of space-faring states
accelerated “New Space” activities
environmental concern raised by space debris
74. National Space Policy and Law in Japan
4.2. Basic Plan on Space Policy of 2015
Goals
To ensure space security by:ensuring safe uses of outer space;strengthening space capability for national security; andenhancing international space cooperation with friendly states.

To promote civil uses of outer space by:seeking for solution to global issues (disaster management, etc.)
creating new industry using space-based systems
To maintain and strengthen space industry and its foundation for developing
space science and technology
84. National Space Policy and Law in Japan
4.3. (Draft) New Basic Plan on Space Policy
Updates in the main Goals would be as follows:
To ensure contribution to national interest in various scenes by:
ensuring space security byenhancing capability for Space Situational Awareness (SSA) and playing
an important role in international rule-making
contributing to disaster management and global issues(seek for solution for Sustainable Development Goals )creating new knowledge through space science and exploration; andrealizing economic growth and innovation through the utilization of outer space.
94. National Space Policy and Law in Japan
4.4. Space Industry Vision 2030
• In 2017, Space Industry Vision 2030 was launched by Cabinet Office.
• It recognized space industry as
a booster for the Fourth Industrial Revolution; andimportant and fundamental for national security.
• It aims to integrate innovation of space technology with Big-Data, AI and IoT.
• Until the early 2030s, it aims to grow space industry with the value of USD 22,473,600,000.
• Priorities:- Industry for Space Utilization (satellite-data)- Industry for Space Technology Development (manufacturing space components)- Promoting International Space Cooperation (example: APRSAF)- New Supporting Programs for “New Space”(example: “S-NET”=Space New Economy Creation Network)※Source: https://www8.cao.go.jp/space/vision/point.pdf
105. Endeavors for “New Space”
5.1. Supporting Package for Space Venture
In 2018, Japan government launched a new Supporting Package for Space Venture that:provides financial support of USD 93.5 Million until 2025
from Development Bank of Japan Inc. (DBJ)
Innovation Network Corporation of Japan (INCJ)
Related ministries of Japan; andestablishes platform for experts on space business from JAXA and private entities
Private entities get full support from government(in the past, there was no cooperation between ministries)※Source: Cabinet Office https://www8.cao.go.jp/space/policy/policy.html
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5. Endeavors for “New Space”
5.2. Ministry-Civil Council for Suborbital Flight• Established in June 2019.
• Aims to ensure safety in the flight andencourage private entities to pursue
their technological development• Key actor “SPACE WALER” isuniversity-based private entity.
• Background:2015-2017 ICAO-UNOOSA Symposium

12※Source: https://www8.cao.go.jp/space/policy/suborbi/dai1/siryou2-1-1.pdf

5. Endeavors for “New Space”
5.3. S-Matching“Matching Platform forSpace Business Investment”
In order to make a bridge
between idea and investment,
S-Matching is establishedin 2017.
Secretariat:
New Energy and Industrial
Technology Development
Organization (NEDO)
13※Source: https://s-matching.jp/front__detail/5. Endeavors for “New Space”
5.4. S-Expert“Matching Platform forSpace Business Experts andRecruiting Entities”
Established in Dec. 2019.
S-Experts also works with
S-Matching to make a bridge
between idea and investment.
Example: a person who retired fromJAXA after 40 years, involved in psychologicaltests for astronauts.

Secretariat: NEDO14※Source: https://s-expert.jp/

5. Endeavors for “New Space”
5.5. S-Booster
Contests for new business ideas
to utilize space assets for those
who aims to launch a new company
or staring his/her own business.
(S-Booster 2019 is closed.)

15※Source: https://s-booster.jp/en/

5. Challenges to Japan’s “New Space”• Does Government know well about space business?
 Scheme for business assessment of supported “New Space” is needed.
 Scheme for creating/finding (international) market is needed.
• Although national security interest entered into the scope of Space Industry Vision 2030,
governmental supporting programs for “New Space” do not clarify whether or not dual-use
business would be excluded from their program.
 Japan needs to consider how to categorize space applications created from
“New Space” activities into commercial and dual-use nature.
• Lack of English translation for those supporting programs.
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Thank you
yuritakaya@gmail.com

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