Imaging the initial condition by(1) higher order event anisotropy vn(2) multi-particle correlation(3) direct photon v2
from the RHIC-PHENIX experiment
ShinIchi Esumi for the PHENIX collaboration
Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Tsukuba

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

1

RXN
MPC

2cm Pb converterin front(reaction plane detector)

PbW04(muon pistonEM-calorimeter)dN/dηBBC-505η

(beam-beam quartzCherenkov detector)(zero degree n calorimeter
ZDC/SMD /shower max detector)
CNT(PHENIX central tracking arm)
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

2yv3 and initial fluctuation
Reaction Plane (x-z)

xx

arXiv:1003.0194z

yy

black-disk--> sign-flipping v3
initial fluctuation --> no-sign-flipping v3
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukubax3

Indication of strong non-flipping and weak sign-flipping v3

A: RXN(η>0)
B: BBC(η<0)
C: MPC(η>0)
D: MPC(η<0)
E: BBC (η>0)
F: ZDC (+/{-})

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

4

Centrality and pT dependences of vn at 200GeV Au+Au

v3 is comparable to v2 at 0~10%
weak centrality dependence on v3
v4{Φ4} ~ 2 x v4{Φ2}
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

charged particle vn : |η|<0.35
reaction plane Φn : |η|=1.0~2.8

All of these are consistent
with initial fluctuation.
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

5Particle dependence of v3 shows
the similar mass-splitting andBaryon / Meson difference like v2.

How the initial geometricalanisotropy was transformed into
the final momentum anisotropy?
ε2ε3ε4common systematic error for all 3 species

Npart.

S. Mizuno, WPCF2011, 23/Sep/2011

v3 reflects the collective expansion.
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

6

PRC82.034913

v3 breaks the degeneracy
arXiv:1105.3928
KLNGla.

Gla.

ε3v2

ε2KLN

v3 provides an additional
constraining power on the hydromodel parameters.
Glauber & 4πη/s=1 works better.

v3

CGC-KLN & 4πη/s=2 fails.

B. Alver et. al., Phys. Rev. C82, 034913(2010).
B. Schenke et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 042301(2011).
H. Petersen et. al., Phys. Rev. C82, 041901(2010).

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

7

Beam energy dependence 39/62/200GeV Au+Au
2-particle correlation method between
central and forward rapidities

charged particle v3

charged particle v4

charged particle v2

similar hydro-properties down to 39GeVWPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

8

Beam energy dependence of <v2> and v2(pT)Preliminary, STAR, PHENIX and E895 data
ALICE

at 1.7GeV/c

at 0.7GeV/c103

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

104

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

9

Small deviations in (mT-m0)/nq scaled v2
Pb+Pb 2.76TeV

Au+Au 200GeV

Au+Au 39GeV

protonprotonPHENIX Preliminary

PHENIX Preliminary

M. Krzewicki, QM11

roughly (mT-m0)/nq scaled for all energies
larger pT shift for heavier particles
radial flow increases with energy
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, TokyoShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

10

Does v3 explain ridge and mach-cone?

egd
RiΔφ(rad)Mach-ConeΔηridge : long range Δη correlation at near-side
cone : double peak/shoulder at away-side (long in Δη)v3 : initial fluctuation is common over wide range of η
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

11

The answer is YES with |Δη| gap.

The data are unchanged,
only the interpretations
are being changed.
This has also beenshown by various
experiments.
arXiv:1105.3865

J. Jia, QM11

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

12Not completely yet, without |Δη| gap.
v2 BG corrected

v2 ,v3 ,v4 BG corrected
PHENIX preliminary
200GeV Au+Au
0-20%, inc. γ-had.

T. Todoroki, WPCF2011, 21/Sep/2011

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

13

Probe the transverse geometry and/or dynamics
with trigger angle selected 2-particle correlation
including the HBT correlation

thin side mach-cone(shoulder region)
φASSO-φTRIG>0

φJet , φTrig.
87654

near side(triggerdirection)

32

1

φJet , φTrig.
87654
3

φASSO-φTRIG<0away side(head region)21

ηJet , ηTrig.
thick side mach-cone(shoulder region)
φASSO-φTRIG<0WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

132

54

7
6

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

814

Observed left/right asymmetry remains
after “the usual/normal” v3 subtraction.
Trigger angle
selection w.r.t.
Φ2 separately
for left(up) /right(down)

out-of-plane
trigger casein-planetrigger case
Trig.

Trigger angle
selected 2-part.
corr. data areplotted in polar
coordinate byrotating Φ2 R.P.
angle as X-axis.
Flow subtracted
yield is shown
radially with baseline.

Trig.

200GeV Au+Au -> h-h, 20-50%(pTTrig=2~4, pTAsso=1~2GeV/c)
v2,v4{Φ2} only subtraction
PHENIX preliminary

Φ2 R.P.

Φ2 R.P.

Trig.
Trig.

surface dominancepenetration dominanceTwo competing processes seen
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

15

Geometrical source anisotropy
via HBT measurement at the end of freeze-out

T. Niida, WPCF2011, 20/Sep/2011

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, TokyoIt might be different
from the v2-v4 relation

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

16

Direct (Thermal) photons

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

17

γdir. v2 extracted from γinc. v2, π0 v2 and Rγ ratio
arXiv:1105.4126

significant difference
between π0 and γinc. v2
above 5GeV/c
difference between
v2{RXN} and v2{BBC} is due
to jet bias
surprisingly large γdir. v2
is seen, similar to hadronv2 at low pTγdir. v2 is small at high pT,consistent with prompt
photonWPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

18

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

19Summary
Significant higher order event anisotropy observed◆••

Consistent with initial geometrical fluctuation
Break degeneracy: Glauber & 4πη/s=1 favored

Almost perfect fluidity from 39GeV to 2.76TeV◆

mT-m0 scaling for v2 <---> radial flow

Multi-particle correlation analysis in progress◆
Strong impact from vn on Mach cone and ridge
C2 <-> vn with or without |Δη| gap cut

Direct photon v2 observed◆••

Small at high pT --> consistent with pQCD
Large in low pT --> challenge to theory

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

20

Backup slides

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

21

ε3Glauber( > .or. < )ε3CGC-KLN ?

PRC82.034913

K

arXiv:1104.0650

ε2

ε3

ε4

ε5

ε2
Gε3,ε5GK

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

22

|Δη| dependence of vn from LHC-ATLAS
arXiv:1107.1468

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

23

|Δη| dependence of (vntrig. x vnasso.)with vn{C2 global fit}, which they call vn factorization in ATLAS

arXiv:1107.1468

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

24

AMPT correlation test showssome remaining effects
without|Δη| gap

G-L. Ma, QM11

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

25

Flow subtracted 2-particle ΔΦ correlation with trigger angle selection in 200GeV Au+Au
out-of-plane

in-planeaverage

0-20%

20-50%

50-93%

200GeV Au+Au -> h-h (pTTrig=2~4GeV/c, pTAsso=1~2GeV/c)v2 (v4{Φ2})-only subtraction
PHENIX preliminary

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

26

Measurement of π0 and γinc. v2
200GeV Au+Au (min. bias)
arXiv:1105.4126

200GeV Au+Au 20-40%
PHENIX Preliminary
γinc. v2(Φ2BBC)

γinc. v2 with externalconversion method

significant difference between π0 and γinc. v2 above 5GeV/c,difference between v2{RXN} and v2{BBC} due to jet bias.
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

27

γdir. v2 extracted from γinc. v2, π0 v2 and Rγ ratio
arXiv:1105.4126

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

28

Rγ ratio and v2 ratio
200GeV Au+Au (min. bias)
arXiv:1105.4126

γdir. v2 is small at high pT ---> consistent with prompt photon
surprisingly large γdir. v2 seen, similar to hadron v2 at low pT.
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

29

Centrality and pT dependences of γinc. v2, π0 v2 and γdir. v2
arXiv:1105.4126

WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

30

γdir. v2

Comparison of γdir. v2 with model calculations

R. Chatterjee and D. K. Srivastava
PRC 79, 021901(R) (2009)
PRL96, 202302 (2006)

Several models havefailed in v2 magnitudewith similar shape

200GeV Au+Au 0-20%

pT (GeV/c)
Large v2 of low pT thermal photon--> challenge to theory calculations
WPCF2011, 20-24/Sep/2011, Tokyo

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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