JCM_KH_Glossary_ver01ver02.0

Joint Crediting Mechanism Glossary of Terms

1. Glossary for general
Category
No.
Emission1.
reductions orremovals

TermDefinition in JCM
Greenhouse Gases GHG are those gases of carbon dioxide (CO2),(GHG)
methane(CH4),
nitrousoxide(N2O),
hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),
perfluorocarbons(PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen
trifluoride (NF3) (RoI para.2).
2.
JCM project
GHG emission reductions or removals project
activities under the JCM (RoI para.3).
Eligibilitycriteria
Eligibility criteria are requirements for the JCM
43.
project defined in the JCM methodology and containthe followings:(a) Requirements for the project in order to beregistered as a JCM project;(b) Requirements for the project to be able to apply
the JCM methodology.
Netdecrease In the JCM, emission reductions to be credited are54.
and/or avoidance defined as the difference between referenceof GHG emissions emissions and project emissions. The reference
emissions are calculated below business as usual(BaU) emissions to ensure a net decrease and/oravoidance of GHG emissions.
Reference
Reference emissions are calculated below business65.
emissionsas-usual (BaU) emissions. Reference emissions arecalculated by multiplying a crediting threshold
which is typically expressed as GHG emissions perunit of output by total outputs.
Business-as-usual Business-as-usual (BaU) emissions represent
76.
(BaU) emissions
plausible emissions in providing the same outputs orservice level of the proposed JCM project in the hostcountry.
CreditingCrediting threshold is typically expressed as GHG
87.
thresholdemissions per unit of output. A crediting threshold isestablished ex ante in the methodology applicablefor the same project type in the host country. Itshould also be established conservatively in order tocalculate reference emissions below BaU emissions.
Emissions sources Those emissions sources and GHG types whose98.
and GHG types
emissions are significant and reasonably attributable
to the JCM project.
109. Sinks and GHG Those sinks and GHG types whose removals ortypes
emissions are significant and reasonably attributable
to the JCM project.
Sectoralscope
The category of GHG source sectors or groups of1110.
activities that apply to JCM projects. It is based on
the sectoral scope for the CDM. A JCM project may
fall within more than one sectoral scope.
111211. Levelassurance

1312. Materiality

Governance

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of Level of assurance is defined as degree of assurance
the Joint Committee requires in a verification.
The level of assurance is used to determine the depthof detail that a verifier designs into their verification
plan to determine if there are any material errors,omissions or misrepresentations.
Materiality is a concept that individual or theaggregation
oferrors,omissionsand
misrepresentations could affect the greenhouse gas
assertion and could influence the intended users'
decisions.

1413. Each side

1514. Joint Committee

1615. JointCommitteeJCM
secretariat
1716. Third-party entity

1817. Project participant

Each side, based on the rules and guidelines asdeveloped by the Joint Committee and/or inaccordance with relevant domestic laws andregulations in respective countries for theimplementation of the JCM:(a) Prepares draft methodologies and submits themto the Joint Committee;(b) Establishes and maintains a registry in line withthe common specifications for registries, asdeveloped by the Joint Committee;(c) On the basis of notification for issuance of creditby the Joint Committee (including for allocation ofcredits among participants), issues the notified
amount of credits to its registry.
Each side promptly informs the Joint Committee on
the issuance of credits under the JCM (RoI para.1314).
The Joint Committee consists of the representatives
from the Cambodian side and the Japanese side.
The Joint Committee may develop or modify therules and guidelines necessary for theimplementation of the JCM, approve proposed
methodologies, designate third party entities,
register JCM projects, and notify both sides to issue
credits for a JCM project.
The Joint Committee establishes its secretariat for
the implementation of the JCM (RoI para.12).
A third-party entity is an entity designated by theJoint Committee, based on the criteria andprocedures established by the “Joint Crediting
Mechanism Guidelines for Designation asof a ThirdParty Entity”, as qualified to validate proposed JCM
projects as well as verify GHG emission reductions
or removals.
A project participant is a government, private entity
and/or public entity involved to participate in a JCM
project which may develop and implement a JCM
project, monitor and report GHG emission
reductions or removals, and requests the Joint
Committee to notify each side to issue the credits.

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A methodology applied to JCM projects forcalculating emission reductions achieved by eachproject and monitoring the JCM project.
A proposed methodology is a methodology that has
been submitted to the Joint Committee for approval.
A proposed methodology consists of proposed
methodology form and Proposed Methodology
Spreadsheet.
An approved methodology is a methodology that has
been approved by the Joint Committee forapplication to JCM projects. An approved
methodology consists of an approved methodology
document and a Monitoring Spreadsheet. Approved
methodologies are publicly available on the JCM
website.
A Proposed Methodology Spreadsheet is a part of a2019. Proposed
Methodology
proposed methodology developed by methodology
Spreadsheet
proponents.
A Proposed Methodology Spreadsheet defines amonitoring plan and enables calculation of GHG
emission reductions automatically through inputting
values. The Proposed Methodology Spreadsheet
consists of an input sheet and calculation processsheet.
A Monitoring Spreadsheet is a part of an approved
2120. Monitoring
Spreadsheet
methodology.
The Monitoring Spreadsheet consists of aMonitoring Plan Sheet (input sheet and calculation
process sheet), Monitoring Structure Sheet, andMonitoring Report Sheet (input sheet andcalculation process sheet). The Monitoring Plan
Sheet and Monitoring Structure Sheet are used fordeveloping a monitoring plan and calculating
emission reductions ex ante. The Monitoring ReportSheet is used for preparing a monitoring report andcalculating emission reductions ex post. The
Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring Report Sheet
are prepared based on the Proposed Methodology
Spreadsheet and the Monitoring Structure Sheet isadded by the secretariat after the approval of the
proposed methodology by the Joint Committee.
design The document prepared by the project participant of2221. Project
document (PDD)a JCM project which sets out in detail the JCM
project which is to be realized. A Project design
document (PDD) consists of a completed PDD form
and monitoring plan using a Monitoring Plan Sheetand Monitoring Structure Sheet of the Monitoring
Spreadsheet. The form of PDD, Monitoring
Spreadsheet, and guidelines on preparing the PDD,
are publicly available through the JCM website.

Documents/ 1918. Methodology
infrastructure

312322. Monitoring planProject cycle

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A monitoring plan sets out the methodology to be
used by project participants for the monitoring of,and by third-party entities for verification of theamount of GHGs emission reductions achieved by
the JCM project. A monitoring plan is developed
using Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring
Structure Sheet of Monitoring Spreadsheet.
A monitoring report is prepared by a project
participant and sets out the GHG emission
reductions of an implemented registered JCM
project for a particular monitoring period. Amonitoring plan is prepared using a Monitoring
Report Sheet of a Monitoring Spreadsheet.
Each side establishes a registry to record and use thecredits (RoI para.33). 39).
Credits are issued based on quantified amount of
GHG emission reductions or removals achieved by
the contribution of project participants in theimplementation of GHG emission reductions orremovals project activities under the JCM (RoIpara.3).

23.

Monitoring report

24.

Registry

25.

Credit26.

Modalitiesof A modalities of communication statement (MoC)
communicationfrom (or signed by) all project participants
statement (MoC)
participating in a JCM project, defined in aprescribed form, that designates one focal point
entity to communicate on their behalf with thesecretariat and the Joint Committee in line withestablished scopes.
Validation
Validation is the process of independent evaluationof a proposed JCM project by a third-party entity
against the validation guidelines as developed by theJoint Committee on the basis of the PDD (RoIpara.2325).
Registration
Registration is the formal acceptance by the Joint
Committee of a validated project as a JCM project(RoI para.2630).
Monitoring
Project participants implement a JCM project andmonitor GHG emission reductions or removals by
the JCM project based on the PDD (RoI para.2933).
Verification
Verification is the periodic independent review andex post determination by a third-party entity of themonitored GHG emissions reductions or removals
as a result of a registered JCM project during theverification period (RoI para.3036).
Issuance
The action taken by each side to issue the credits to
its respective account in the registry in line with theof credits
notification of the Joint Committee.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

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2. Glossary for REDD-plus
Category
Emission
reductions or
removalsNo.
1.

TermREDD-plus

2.

Project area

3.

Reference area

4.

Displacement belt

5.

Activity area

6.

Project emission
reductions to becredited

7.

Project referencelevel

8.

Project net
emissions9.

Displacedemissions10.

Net emissions

11.

Net CO2 emissions Net CO2 emissions from the carbon pools are defined
as a result of gross emissions caused by decreases ofthe carbon stocks minus removals caused byincreases of the carbon stocks.
Carbon stocks
Carbon stocks to be considered include each of thefollowing five carbon pools: above ground biomass,
below-ground biomass, dead wood, litter and soilorganic carbon.

12.

Definition in JCM
REDD-plus (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation
and Forest Degradation, and the Role ofConservation, Sustainable Management of Forests
and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks inDeveloping Countries) is one of the sectoral scopesof JCM project.
Project area is the area targeted for reducing net
emissions from forest.
Reference area is the area used to establish theproject reference level.
Displacement belt is the area outside the project area
where net emissions displaced by project activities
are monitored. Displacement belt is identified, whennecessary.
Activity area is the area where project activities are
implemented to reduce net emissions in the project
area and to reduce the risk of the displacement ofemissions to other areas. Activity area is identified,
when necessary.
Project emission reductions to be credited are definedas the sum of the annual emission reductions
resulting from project activities adjusted using a
discount factor for the risk of reversals during amonitoring period. Annual emission reductions are aconservative estimate of the difference between the
project reference level and project net emissions ineach year.
Project reference level is an estimate of the
anticipated annual net forest-related emissions in the
project area during the monitoring period without the
project being implemented.
Project net emissions are reasonably attributable to
the JCM project activities. Project net emissions is
the sum of actual net emissions from forest in the
project area, GHG emissions from the project
activities and net emissions displaced to outside of
the project area by the project activities during themonitoring period.
Displaced emissions are net emissions displaced fromforest inside to outside the project area as a result of
the project activities.
Net emissions include net CO2 emissions fromcarbon pools and GHG emissions from GHG sources.

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Documents/
infrastructure

13.

GHG sources

14.

Discount factor

15.

Reference period

16.

Remote sensing

17.

Ground-based
survey18.

Safeguard activity
for REDD-plus

19.

Safeguard activity
implementationplan (SGIP)

20.

Safeguard activity
progress report(SGPR)

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GHG sources to be considered are sources such as
biomass burning, enteric fermentations of livestock,
rice cultivation, and nitrogen fertilization for CH4 andN2O and fuel consumed by project activities for CO2.
In order to effectively deal with the risk of reversals,
the annual project emission reductions to be credited
are calculated using a discount factor, consideringinternal risks (such as risks arising from inadequate
project management, loss of financial viability,
increased opportunity costs, and reduction of project
longevity), external risks (such as risks caused byissues associated with land ownership and resource
use rights, community engagement, and politicalmatters) and natural risks (such as risks associatedwith unprecedented forest fires, pests and disease
outbreaks, extreme weather patterns, and geologicalevents).
Reference period is the temporal domain from which
information on historical trend of such as
deforestation is extracted, analyzed and projected into
the future.
Remote sensing is a method of measuring land cover
and/or land use change by a recording device that is
not in physical contact with the land, such as satellite.
Ground-based survey is on-the-ground measurement
to obtain data used for estimating emission factors orother parameters, such as carbon stocks per area.
Safeguard activity for REDD-plus is activity
implemented during the project, to avoid and/or
reduce political, environmental, and socio-economic
negative impact.
In UNFCCC, safeguards which should be promoted
and supported are shown in para 2, Appendix I of
1/CP.16.
The result of safeguard activity may not directlyaffect the amount of emission reductions by theproject.
A SGIP is prepared by a project participant of aREDD-plus project under the JCM and set out indetail the safeguard activity to be implemented in theproject. A SGIP is prepared by filling in the SGIPform. The form is available through the JCM website.
A SGPR is prepared by a project participant of aREDD-plus project under the JCM and set out theprogress of the safeguard activity implemented in linewith the SGIP in a particular period. A SGPR isprepared by filling in the SGPR form. The form isavailable through the JCM website.

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