JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Developing
Project Design Document and Monitoring Report for Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable
Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing
Countries (REDD-plus)
CONTENTS
1.

Scope and applicability.......................................................................................................... 2

2.

Terms and definitions ............................................................................................................ 2

3.

General guidelines ................................................................................................................. 2

4.

Developing a PDD ................................................................................................................. 5

5.

6.

4.1.

Completing a PDD form ................................................................................................ 5

4.2.

Developing a Monitoring Plan ..................................................................................... 27

4.3.

Preparing for actual measurement................................................................................ 29

Monitoring ........................................................................................................................... 44
5.1.

Conducting monitoring ................................................................................................ 44

5.2.

Data correction for actual measurement ...................................................................... 44

5.3.

Recording and archiving data ...................................................................................... 46

Developing a Monitoring Report ......................................................................................... 461

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

1. Scope and applicability
1.

The “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Developing Project Design Document andMonitoring Report for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation,and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement ofForest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)” (hereinafter referred to as“these Guidelines”) are intended to assist project participants on developing project design
documents (hereinafter referred to as “PDD”) and monitoring reports under the Joint
Crediting Mechanism (hereinafter referred to as “JCM”).

2.

REDD-plus safeguards are outside the scope of these Guidelines. Safeguards are supported
and promoted by project participants in line with the “Joint Crediting mechanism
Guidelines for Developing Proposed Methodology for REDD-plus”, and the “Joint
Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Addressing and Respecting REDD-plus Safeguards”.

3.

These Guidelines describe standards which are requirements to be met, except guidanceindicated with terms “should” and “may” as defined in paragraph 8 below.

2. Terms and definitions
4.

A PDD is prepared by the participants of a JCM project and sets out in detail, in line with
the JCM rules and guidelines, the proposed JCM project.

5.

“Monitoring” is generating, collecting and archiving all relevant data necessary for
estimating project net emissions that are significant and reasonably attributable to aregistered JCM project.

6.

A “monitoring plan” is developed by the project participants and sets out the approach thatthey will use for the monitoring of, and by third-party entities for, the verification of, theamount of emission reductions achieved by the JCM project.

7.

A “monitoring report” is prepared by the project participants and describes the emission
reductions of an implemented registered JCM project for a particular monitoring period.

8.

The following terms apply in these Guidelines:(a) “Should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities, one course of action isrecommended as particularly suitable;(b) “May” is used to indicate what is permitted.

9.

Terms in these Guidelines are defined in JCM Glossary of Terms available on the JCM
website.

3. General guidelines
10.

When designing a proposed JCM project and developing a PDD and a monitoring report,
project participants apply these Guidelines and the selected methodology(ies) for
REDD-plus under the JCM, which contain approved methodology documents and the2

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monitoring spreadsheets. They also take note of the “Joint Crediting Mechanism
Guidelines for Developing Proposed Methodology for Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable
Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing
Countries (REDD-plus)” and “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Addressing andRespecting Safeguards for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests andEnhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)”.
11.

The project participants also communicate with the technical contact person for
REDD-plus under the JCM to explain how they intend to establish the project reference
level and estimate project net emissions following an approved methodology, consider
any comments and other feedback they receive, and keep records of the communications.
The technical contact person for REDD-plus under the JCM is provided on the JCM
website.

12.

A Monitoring Spreadsheet is a part of each approved methodology and consists of:(a)

A Monitoring Plan Sheet (input sheet and calculation process sheet), which is used
before validation for developing a monitoring plan and calculating emission
reductions ex ante;(b)

A Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet, which is used before validation fordeveloping an operational and management structure to conduct monitoring;(c)

A Monitoring Report Sheet (input sheet and calculation process sheet), which isused before verification for developing a monitoring report and calculating
emission reductions ex post.

13.

A PDD consists of a completed PDD form and a monitoring plan using the Monitoring
Plan Sheet and the Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet. A monitoring report iscompleted by using the Monitoring Report Sheet.

14. The project participants provide a description of the proposed JCM project in the PDD thatenables comprehension of the nature of the project and its implementation.
15. The project participants monitor and calculate emission reductions to be credited ex post of
the registered JCM project. The project participants establish and apply quality
management procedures to manage data and information. The project participants reduce,
as far as is practical, uncertainties related to the quantification of emission reductions.
16. These Guidelines, other related Guidelines, the PDD form, and the Monitoring Spreadsheet
may be obtained electronically from the JCM website.
17. The Joint Committee may revise the PDD form and the Monitoring Spreadsheet if
necessary.
18. The Monitoring Spreadsheet may be revised when the corresponding approved3

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methodology is revised.
19. The PDD form and the Monitoring Spreadsheet are completed in English.
20. The PDD form and the Monitoring Spreadsheet are not to be altered by the project
participants, that is, they are to be completed without modifying their format, font, andheadings, with the exceptions described in paragraph 21.
21. Project participants may add rows to the Annex of the PDD form, the table “Responsibleorganizations for implementing the methods and procedures for each data”, the table“Responsible personnel and their role(s)”, the Annex in the Monitoring Structure andProcedures Sheet, and the Annex in the Monitoring Report Sheet Attachment.
22. Where the PDD contains information that the project participants wish to be treated asconfidential or proprietary, the project participants are required to submit documentation in
two versions:(a)

One version where all parts containing confidential or proprietary information are
made illegible (e.g. by covering those parts with black ink or overwriting thoseparts with letters, such as “XXX”) so that the version can be made publicly
available without displaying confidential or proprietary information;(b)

Another version containing all information that is to be treated as strictly
confidential or proprietary by all parties handling this documentation (thethird-party entities, the Joint Committee members, and external experts).

23. Description related to application of the eligibility criteria and the environmental impact
assessment is not considered confidential or proprietary.
24. The presentation of values in the PDD, including those used for the calculation of emission
reductions, should be in international standard format (e.g. 1,000 representing one thousand
and 1.0 representing one). The units used should be accompanied by their equivalent S.I.
units/norms (thousand/million) as part of the requirement to ensure transparency andclarity.

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4. Developing a PDD
In the following section, a hypothetical project is described in red font as an example to show
how to complete the PDD form, the Monitoring Plan Sheet, and the Monitoring Structure andProcedures Sheet. The hypothetical project description refers to material in annexes, but theseannexes are not provided here for sake of brevity. The hypothetical project is entirely fictional
and the maps, descriptions and calculations should be treated as such.

4.1. Completing a PDD form
<Example of a completed PDD>
A. Project description
A.1. Title of the JCM project
Reducing deforestation and forest degradation through community-based forest management
and agricultural intensification in the Kingdom of Cambodia
・ Provide an unambiguous title of the JCM project. The title should indicate the major project
activities.
A.2. General description of the proposed project
The project is the result of collaboration between Company ABC, Company DEF, national NGO
ABC and the Ministry of Environment of Cambodia. It builds on an earlier initiative, which
supported 4 communities in province XYZ to establish community forests. These and otherforests in the province are under threat of unplanned deforestation and degradation driven by
population growth, in-migration, lack of livelihood options, insecure tenure of local
communities and lack of resources for forest monitoring and enforcement of forest laws. Forest
conversion and fires are the main proximate causes of deforestation. The deforestation is
primarily caused by local and migrant communities, who clear the forest for agriculture, use firefor hunting and land clearance, and collect timber and fuelwood for local use.
The project activities to avoid deforestation and forest degradation, and the displacement ofemissions, are (i) Implementation of approved community forest management plans thatmaintain high carbon stocks through fire control measures and community controls on forest
resource use, (ii) Forest patrols and cell-phone communications to prevent illegal activities andprovide early warning of forest fires, (iii) Voluntary fire brigades to suppress forest fires, (iii)
Cultivation and marketing of certified high-value organic produce to provide alternative
livelihoods and reduce pressure on forests, (iv) Planting of woodlots to reduce dependence on
forests for fuelwood. Monitoring of emissions to generate carbon offsets and monitoring of the
project’s socio-economic and biodiversity impacts will also be conducted.
Through these activities, the project aims to:(i) Conserve biodiversity rich forests with high carbon stocks that provide important ecosystemservices to adjacent communities and the country;(ii) Improve community wellbeing through strengthened community institutions, increased
agricultural productivity, and sustainable sources of timber and fuel wood for local use;(iii) Support Cambodia’s Community Forest Programme, National REDD+ Strategy, and5

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National Agricultural Development Plan.
・ Provide a brief description of the project, including:・ The purpose of the project;
・ Drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation that are expected to impact forests inthe project area;
・ The type of activities the proposed project will implement to reduce net emissions andany other major activities that will be conducted.
A.3. Project location
Country

The Kingdom of Cambodia

Region, province, district,

Province XYZVillages A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L

villages, etc.
Geographical coordinates

The project area consists of 4 community forests locatedwithin latitude XXX to XXX and longitude XXX to XXX・ Provide information on the project location such as the name of the region, province,
district, and/or village(s), etc. where the project is located in line with the related guidelines
and the applied methodology(ies).
A.4. Project area and activity area
Project area
Map

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A kml file of the project area has been submitted together with the PDD and
can also be requested from NGO ABC.
Total size

17,400 ha
Forest parcels
Community forest 1
Community forest 2
Community forest 3
Community forest 4
Total project area

Fulfillment offorestdefinition

Forest typeandconditions

Environmenta
l conditions

Area (ha)
5,100
5100
4900
2300
17,400The national definition of forest in Cambodia for REDD-plus under the JCM is
XXX (Reference: Annex 1, Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines forDeveloping Proposed Methodology for Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role of Conservation,
Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks
in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)). Land cover in Province XYZ in 2001
and 2015 was mapped using Landsat images with over 90% classification
accuracy (see annex). The maps demonstrate that all 4 community forests thatcomprise the project area were completely forested for the past 15 years.
The project area consists of 4 parcels of forest comprised of undisturbed
lowland evergreen forest. These are multi-storey forests with more than 80%
trees of evergreen species, and a canopy cover of over 80 per cent. Emergent
trees include Ficus, Dipterocarpus alatus, Shorea vulgaris, Anisoptera
cochichinnensis and Tetrameles nudiflora. Further details are provided in theannex.
Climate: Cambodia has a monsoonal climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons.
Average yearly rainfall is between 1,300-1,500 mm. Yearly temperatures range
from 24°C-32°C, with an average of 28°C.
Hydrology: Small streams dissect the gently undulating landscape, whichslopes towards the fertile lowlands. Annual stream flows vary greatly between
the wet and dry seasons. Rivers and streams supply downstream lakes on which
local communities depend for freshwater fishery resources.
Topography: In Province XYZ the terrain is mostly gently undulating, withsmall hills and wet land depressions. To the north the terrain rises to a forested
range of hills between 400-650 m.
Soils: Sandstone accounts for most of the basement geology and has a major
influence on the properties of upland soils. Sandy materials cover much of thearea, due to the siliceous sedimentary formations. The most prevalent soil
groups include Acrisols and Leptosols.
Vegetation and ecosystems: The main forest type is lowland evergreen forest.
The majority of the forests are dryland ecosystems. Seasonal wetlands andswamps exist naturally within the forest systems. Due to the monsoonal
climate, many areas are inundated for at least part of the year. A few lakes arefound in the province.
Relevant historic conditions: Province XYZ has a history of violent conflict;however, recent decades have been free of conflict and the region is becoming
more prosperous. The province’s rich natural resources, including forests,7

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Rights of use
for the project

wildlife, freshwater fish, construction stone, minerals and natural and cultural
tourism sites, are drawing people to the region. Cross-border trade withneighboring countries is becoming increasingly important. Demand on natural
resources is growing fast as the rural population is growing rapidly.
Development of roads is facilitating in-migration to forested areas, andmigrants seek to clear the forest to gain title to the land. See annex for moredetails.
The project area consists of permanent forest estate in province XYZ that has
been declared by the Department of Forestry as 4 discrete community forests.
The Department of Forestry has issued a community forest agreement for each
community forest with a duration of 15-years (renewable). Under theagreements, each community forest is managed by a Community Forest
Management Committee and the communities have the rights to the forests for
subsistence needs and local uses, as well as any other uses specified inapproved forest management plans. Agreements were signed between thegovernment and each of the participating communities to clarify all rights
regarding lands and resources, including carbon ownership, in the community
forests. The rights to the carbon are held by the government and are managed
by the Department of Forestry (one of the project participants). Copies of theagreements are provided in the annex.
The project will support agricultural intensification activities (certified
high-value organic produce) in the activity area, which is adjacent to the project
area. Households have the legal title to this land, which can be confirmed byviewing the property titles.

・ Provide a map displaying the geographical boundaries of the project area and othergeographical information that aids comprehension of the project location.
・ Provide the total size of the project area in hectares.
・ Describe the forest type and conditions (extent of disturbance, if any) in the project area.
Details may be provided in the Annex.
・ Provide an overview of present and prior environmental conditions of the project area
including information on climate, hydrology, topography, relevant historic conditions, soils,
vegetation and ecosystems. Details may be provided in the Annex.
・ Explain the past and present tenure rights in the project area, including ownership rights
and use rights. Provide documentary evidence that at least 80% of the forest in the project
area is under the control of the project in the Annex.

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Activity area
Activity area

The activity area consists of several areas adjacent to the project area and eachconsists of small agricultural plots that households hold legal title over. The 12
project villages are all located within the activity area. Under the project, thecommunities will be provided with training, extension and other support tocultivate certified high-value organic crops in the activity area.
The map below shows the total extent of the activity area. Any forest inside theboundaries of the activity is excluded from the area.

・ Describe and provide a map of the activity area, if an activity area is employed in the project
design.
・ If an activity area is not employed in the project design, write “N/A” in the correspondingcell.
A.5. Project participants
Project participants
Country

Project participants

Kingdom of Cambodia

NGO ABC, Department of Forestry
Company ABC, Company DEF

Japan・ List the project participants from the Kingdom of Cambodia and Japan in the corresponding
cells.

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Project implementation structure
Assigned roles and responsibilities for each organization participating in the project
The project participants are 4 organizations and 4 communities that are implementing the
project. They are supported by 3 organizations providing technical inputs. Assigned roles andresponsibilities are as follows:
Name oforganization
Community
ForestManagement
Committees;
Project
communities
Company ABC(projectparticipant)Company DEF(projectparticipant)MandateRoles and responsibilities in projectManage thecommunity forests

Forest management planning and controls;
Organizing patrols and voluntary fire brigades;
Supporting organic agriculture and woodlot
establishment.

Japanese company
specializing inorganic productionof high-value
agricultural produce

Training and guidance to project communities onorganic growing methods; Preparation fororganic farming certification; Monitoring ofagricultural production to ensure export quality;
International sales of organic agricultural
produce.
Forest mapping and inventory; Advisory fordevelopment and implementation of community
forest management plans.

Japanese company
implementing
forestry andconservation
projects
NGO ABC
National NGO(project
established in 2000,
participant)with a mission ofpromotingcommunity-based
natural resource
management
Department of
Responsible for
Forestry (project implementation ofparticipant)Forestry Act andsupporting
regulations anddecreesXYZ Provincial
Management ofForest Officepermanent forest(technical inputs) estate in province
XYZ
University KLM Japanese university(technical inputs) with expertise inspatial modeling
University NOP National University,(technical inputs) Dept. of Ecology

Establishment of community-based voluntary
fire brigades; Creation of cell-phone network;
Safeguards planning and monitoring.

Project advisory and steering; Management ofcarbon offsets generated by the project

Support to Community Forest Management
Committees on Community Forest Management
Plans and patrols; Guidance on woodlots
Development of project reference emissions
level; Monitoring of land-use change using
remote sensing
Biodiversity assessment and monitoring

Implementation structure
The project will be managed from the Project Management Office, which is to be set up inprovincial capital XYZ, enabling regular travel to the project and activity areas. The ProjectManagement Office is responsible for the day-to-day decisions associated with running the
project, including organizing the necessary technical and other inputs. It will hold an internalMonthly Project Management Meeting for review and planning purposes.

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A Project Steering Committee will be established and will meet every six months. Meeting
records will be kept as minutes at the Project Management Office. The Project Steering
Committee reviews the performance of the Project Management Office and sets the strategy forthe coming 6 months. The members of the Project Steering Committee will be senior officers of

the project participants, a representative of the Provincial Forest Office and a representative ofeach of the Community Forest Management Committees.
The Community Forest Management Committees are responsible for establishing regulations
and plans for the management and utilization of the Community Forests. The Community Forest
Management Plans must be approved by the Department of Forestry. The Community Forest
Management Committees will meet monthly to take decisions about the day-to-day management
and use of the community forests.
The project participants have signed an MOU to implement the project (copy provided inannex).
・ Describe the roles of each project participant and other organizations in the project.
・ Describe the project implementation structure using a diagram(s) that depicts therelationships between the project participants (and any other organizations that are involvedin the project).
・ Provide evidence for establishing the implementation structure, if any, such as amemorandum of cooperation between the project participants, in the Annex.

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A.6. Duration
Starting date of project

01/01/2017

operation
Expected operational

30 years

lifetime of project・ Provide the project start date in DD/MM/YYYY and operational lifetime in years andmonths.
・ Note: The starting date of a JCM project is the date on which the operation of a project
begins, but may not predate 2013/1/1.
A.7. Description of drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation and project activities
The underlying drivers of deforestation and forest degradation expected to
Drivers of
impact the forests in the project area in the absence of the project are
deforestation
population growth, in-migration, lack of livelihood options, insecure tenureof local communities and lack of resources for forest monitoring andand/or forest
enforcement of forest laws. Forest conversion and fires are the maindegradation
proximate causes of deforestation expected. Extraction of timber andfuelwood for local use is also degrading the forest. The deforestation is
primarily caused by local and migrant communities, who clear the forest
for agriculture. Fires are a natural part of the forest ecosystem, but forest
fires are becoming more prevalent as they are used in an uncontrolledmanner by hunters and by local communities to clear undergrowth.
Conversion to cropland
Forest lands in Province XYZ have been increasingly converted for
agricultural use, due to growth of the local population and in-migration.
Government statistics (Reference AAA) indicate that population in theprovince is growing at 1% per annum. The average annual influx of
migrants is estimated to be 2,000 families (Reference BBB). With eachfamily requiring about 2 ha. of agricultural land to sustain itself, 4,000 haof new agricultural land is required each year.
Forest fires
Natural forest fires are part of and essential to the forest ecosystem in theprovince. However, fires lit by hunters and left to burn out of control are
now presenting a threat to forests. It is estimated that in the dry season,
50% of forest fires result from hunters using fires (Reference CCC).

Project activities

Timber and fuelwood for local use
Timber is harvested for local purposes, mostly the construction of
dwellings. These are often semi-permanent, meaning they are abandoned
after a number of years and more trees cut to build new dwellings. The
need for housing of the growing population is increase pressure on theforests for local timber use. The growing population is also demanding
greater volumes of fuelwood. Over 90% of Cambodia’s population use
fuelwood and other biomass for cooking (Reference DDD).
(i) Provide support to 4 Community Forest Management Committees
encompassing 12 villages to design and implement approved forest

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management plans
Through training workshops and outreach, the project will support the local
communities to develop and implement forest management plans to
mitigate fire risk and ensure that the extraction of fuelwood and timber for
local use is controlled and maintained at sustainable levels. Controlled
extraction of fuelwood can in fact reduce forest fire risk through theremoval of deadwood. Fire lines will be cut at the beginning of the annual
fire season to minimize the spread of fires. They have been found effective
in other parts of the country. The communities will participate in 3-yearlybiomass and biodiversity surveys in the project area. The communities willbe trained on the establishment and measurement of permanent sample
plots to monitor forest biomass and estimate forest carbon stocks, and on
biodiversity survey techniques.
Objectives: Build community capacity to sustainably manage their forestsand generate data to assess and strengthen the forest management strategies
Actors: 4 project communities, Company DEF, NGO ABC, XYZProvincial Forest Office, University NOP
Location: Project Area
Duration/Frequency: 3 training workshops will be conducted with each
community in Year 1. Refresher trainings will be conducted as necessary.
Project technical staff will provide guidance to communities when
conducting forest management and monitoring activities.
(ii) Conduct forest patrols and establish cell-phone network
The project will employ community members to demarcate the community
forest boundaries using signboards and posts and to conduct patrols to stop
outsiders from encroaching on the forests, hunting using fires andoverharvesting fuelwood and timber. Communication equipment anduniforms will be purchased and patrol huts constructed. The project will
support meetings between the Community Forest Management Committees
and migrant community leaders to request recognition of and support forthe community forests. XYZ Provincial Forest Office will participate in themeetings with migrant community leaders and the forest patrols.
A cell-phone network will be established in the project communities toquickly communicate information on illegal forest activities and forest
fires.
Objectives: Reduce encroachment, fires and over-extraction of fuelwood
and timber
Actors: 4 project communities, Company DEF, NGO ABC, XYZProvincial Forest Office
Location: Project Area
Duration/Frequency: Planning workshops will be conducted to determine
best patrolling routes and frequency.
(iii) Establish voluntary fire brigades
The project will form voluntary fire brigades consisting of village youth ineach of the 4 communities. They will be equipped with communications
equipment, protective clothing and firefighting tools. The project will seek
ways of providing incentives for participation, such as buying equipment
for youth sports teams or other clubs. Such voluntary fire brigades havebeen found effective in other parts of the country.

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Objectives: Reduce spread of forest fires
Actors: Village youth, Company DEF, NGO ABC, XYZ Provincial Forest
OfficeLocation: Project Area, adjacent forests
Duration/Frequency: Purchase of equipment, formation of the brigades
and training will be conducted in Year 1. Support to the brigades will be
provided throughout the life of the project.
(iv) Cultivation and marketing of certified high-value organic produce
Company ABC is a Japanese company that specializes in organic
agriculture in Japan and several developing countries. It will provide
training and extension to communities on the cultivation of high-valueorganic produce. Equipment necessary for nurseries, land preparation,
planting out, harvesting and storage will be provided. Company ABC will
acquire certification for the organically grown produce and will organise
the marketing and export of the produce.
Objectives: Reduce pressure on forests through increased agricultural
productivity
Actors: 4 project communities, Company ABC, NGO ABC.
Location: Activity Area
Duration/Frequency: Organization of farmer groups and training will
begin in Year 1. Extension services will be provided for the duration of the
project.
(v) Planting of woodlots
The planting of woodlots is expected to reduce reliance on natural forests
for timber and fuelwood for local uses. Woodlots are absent from the
project villages, who lack the finances to purchase seedlings andknowledge on species selection and tree cultivation and maintenance.
Company ABC, XYZ Provincial Forest Office and NGO ABC, will provide
training and extension to the project communities and nearby migrantcommunities on woodlot establishment. Community forest management
committees will assist in organizing the project communities andidentifying suitable land. Traditional leaders will organize the migrantcommunities.
Objectives: Avoid unsustainable harvesting of forests for fuelwood andtimberActors: 4 project communities, Company ABC, NGO ABC, XYZProvincial Forest Office
Location: Activity area
Duration/Frequency: Woodlots will be established in Year 1 and will
become productive by Year 6. Extension services will be provided for the
first 3 years and thereafter as necessary.
・ Provide a description of the drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation expected to
impact the forests in the project area in the absence of the project.
・ Describe the project activities, including objectives, actors involved, location (project areaor activity area), duration/frequency, and other relevant information.

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A.8. Contribution from Japan
Company ABC is a Japanese company with a global reputation for the production of organic
foods. It has developed a unique combination of methods for composting, soil enrichment andpest/disease management that provide high-quality, high-yield organic produce. Company ABC
will build the capacity of, and provide the inputs necessary for, farmers in the activity area tocultivate high-value crops with export potential using these organic methods. Company ABC
will acquire organic certification for this produce and organize sales on international markets.
Company DEF is a Japanese company that has worked with communities on forest managementin Japan and abroad and brings this expertise to the project. It will contribute to the forest
inventories and building the capacity of the communities to implement the forest management
plans. University KLM has advanced remote sensing and GIS facilities and expertise. It willcontribute by developing the reference emissions level and will monitor deforestation anddegradation after the project start to monitor emissions displacement, calculate project net
emissions, and reassess the reference emissions level and displacement belt.
・ Explain how Japan contributes to the implementation of the project (e.g. financial support,
technological inputs, training, etc.).

B. Application of the approved methodology(ies)B.1. Methodology(ies) applied to the proposed JCM project
XXX
Approved methodology No.
Version number

XXX

Approved methodology No.
Version number
Approved methodology No.
Version number
・ Provide the number and version of the approved methodology(ies) applied to the proposed
JCM project.
B.2. Explanation of how the project meets eligibility criteria of the approved methodology(ies)
Eligibility

Descriptions specified in the Explanation of compliance with criterion

criteria

methodology
The main drivers ofdeforestation and forest
degradation are conversion
for agriculture and forest
fire.

Criterion 1

The main drivers of deforestation and forest
degradation in the reference region, as observed
through the application of remote sensing and
GIS, and through local consultations, areconversion for agriculture and forest fire (seeabove). Degradation is also occurring because ofover-extraction of timber and fuelwood for local
use, but as a conservative measure is excluded
from the project accounting.

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Criterion 2

Criterion 3

Criterion 4

Criterion 5

The project area does notinclude forest on peat soil.
Peat is defined as organic
soil with at least 65%
organic matter and aminimum thickness of 50
cm
Illegal logging to supply
regional, national orinternational markets is nottaking place.

Agricultural intensification
activities do not involve
large numbers of livestockor the application of
inorganic fertilizers.
The historic pattern of
deforestation is mosaic.

Criterion 6

N/A

Criterion 7

N/A

Criterion 8

N/A

Criterion 9

N/A

Criterion 10

N/A

No peat soils have been mapped in province
XYZ (Reference EEE) and none were detected in
the project area during ground observations.

There is no evidence (either from literature,
media, local consultations or remote sensing and
GIS analysis) of a significant volume of illegal
logging in the reference area to supply regional,
national or international markets. The roadinfrastructure is poor, making it difficult totransfer timber from the forests. Transportationroutes are also closely monitored by the state
government, making it difficult for anyone totransport large volumes of timber.
Stocking rearing will not be included as an
agricultural intensification activity. Crop
management practices that minimize emissions,such as conservation tillage, composting and noburning of farm residues, will be employed.
A mosaic pattern of deforestation can beobserved around the project area over thereference period. The image below displays
deforested areas in the vicinity of the project area
over the reference period in pink. See annex for
details.

・ Copy all descriptions specified in the approved methodology(ies) for each criterion.
・ Provide a comprehensive explanation supported by detailed project information of how the
project meets each eligibility criterion.
・ Details may be provided in the annex.

16JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

C. Calculation of emission reductions
C.1. Identification of all carbon pools and GHG sources relevant to the JCM project
Carbon pools and GHG sources

Included /listed in the applied methodology

excluded

Justification of inclusion or exclusion(Y/N)
Project reference level
Y

LitterN

Required by methodology. Accounts forabout 65% of total forest carbon stock inlowland evergreen forest in Cambodia(Reference: FFF). Major loss in reference
scenario.
Required by methodology. Accounts forabout 20% of total forest carbon stock(Reference: FFF). Major loss in reference
scenario.
Required by methodology. Lying andstanding deadwood account for about 10%of total forest carbon stock (Reference:
FFF). Major loss in reference scenario.
Not required by methodology.

Soil organic carbonN

Not required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

Y
N
N
Y

Required by methodology.
Not required by methodology.
Not required by methodology.
Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology. Emissions
anticipated from use of fuel fortransportation of agricultural inputs andorganic produce.

Carbonpools

Above groundbiomassY
Below groundbiomassY
Deadwood

CH4 in biomassburningsourcesN2O in biomassburning
Project net emissions
Above ground
Carbonbiomass
pools
Below groundbiomass
Dead wood
LitterSoil organic carbon
CH
4 in biomass
GHGburningsourcesN2O in biomassburning
CO2 in combustion offossil fuels
GHG

・ List all carbon pools and GHG sources covered in the applied methodology(ies).
・ Identify whether each carbon pool and GHG source is included in the calculation ofemission reductions. Justify the inclusion or exclusion of each pool and source.

17

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

・ Carbon pools and GHG sources can be excluded if their exclusion leads to conservative
estimates of the emission reductions.
C.2. Establishment of project reference level
Reference area and period
Map

Total size

970,996 ha.

Justification The requirements for the reference area of the applied methodology are “Thereference area is similar to the project area regarding the drivers of deforestation
and/or forest degradation, landscape configuration, socio-economic and cultural
conditions.”
Drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation
All forest in the reference region and project area is pemanent forest estate. There
are no protected areas, logging concessions or land development concessions in
the province. Forest clearance in the project area and reference area is the resultof local and migrant communities clearing forest for agriculture and forest fires.
Road access to the forest may be slightly higher for the project area than average
accessibility for the reference region. The population density around the project
area is similar to other rural areas in the reference region.
Landscape configuration
The elevation and slope in the reference region and the project area are within
8%. The soil types are similar, consisting mostly of Acrisols and Leptosols.
Socio-economic and cultural conditions
The primary rural activity across the province is smallholder agriculture forsubsistence and supplying local markets. There are no economic activities thatconcentrate forest disturbance or clearance in specific areas. Migrantcommunities moving into the area are settling across the province, mostly alongroad links, with no noticeable concentrations in particular areas.
Relative size
The provincial boundaries of province XYZ were selected as the boundaries of18

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

the reference area. The reference area is thus 58 times larger than the project area.

PeriodFurther details are provided in the annex.
2001-2015

・ Provide a map displaying the geographical boundaries of the reference area and the project
area as well as other geographical information that aids comprehension of the reference
area location. The accuracy of imagery analyses of land use classification is 80 percent or
higher.
・ Provide the total size of the reference area in hectares.
・ Explain how the reference area is similar to the project area regarding drivers ofdeforestation and/or forest degradation, landscape configuration, and socio-economic andcultural conditions. List any additional requirements for the reference area set by the applied
methodology(ies) and explain how the reference area meets these requirements.
・ The reference period dates back at least 10 years from the start of the project and, if theapplied methodology/ies sets a maximum date back period, it must not exceed the maximum
date back period.
Approach, procedure and data to establish the project reference level
Carbon stock change and GHG emissions for each period (RLy) is calculated
Approachusing Equation 1: RLy = ΔCSref y * 44/12 + Lfire_ref y.
andCarbon stock change at year y is projected using Equation 2: ΔCSref y = Σ (Cyri procedure
Cyri+1) / Σ (yri+1 - yri) and Equation 3: Cyr = Σ Ci,j,yr = Σ (Ai,yr * EFi,j).
Carbon stock during the reference period was calculated for 6 points in time. 6classified land cover maps were generated from Landsat images for the reference
period using a GIS. All classified images were classified with accuracy of greaterthan 90%.
Example of classification report, Dec. 2015:
Image LC81270502015342LGN00
Class
Area (ha)Percentage %Primary forest
263,085
27.1
Secondary forest 233,169
24.0
Cropland
462,658
47.6
Water bodies
12,084
1.2
Totals970,996
100.0
Carbon stock was estimated for each of the 6 years from the area of each land
cover stratum and the associated emissions factor, using default values. For the“in-between” years, carbon stock change across each interval was allocatedequally between the years, assuming a linear rate of deforestation anddegradation. Following this procedure, carbon stock was estimated for each of the
15 years in the reference period.

19

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

In line with the methodology, the interval with the highest change in carbon stock(2007-2009) was excluded from the calculation of RLy.
CH4 and N2O emissions from forest fires are projected using Equation 4:
Lfire_ref,y = Σyr Lfire_ref,yr / nyr and Equation 5: Lfire_ref,y = ABi,yr * MBi * Cf * Gef * 10-3
* GWP.
Burnt area (ABi,yr) for each period was calculated by identifying fire scars using
the same Landsat images as were used for the carbon stock data. Fire scars arespectrally and visually distinct and can thus be identified by classification
algorithms. Burnt area is considered a transition land cover, so was reclassified
either as forest land or cropland. Lfire_ref y was calculated as the average annual
emissions from forest fires over the reference period using all 6 Landsat images.

Data

A complete description of the procedures (including image pre-processing,classification and accuracy assessment), results and quality controls for theestablishment of the reference level is provided in the annex.
Remote sensing data used (parameters Ai,yr ABi,yr)
SourceUSGSGLOVISUSGSGLOVISUSGSGLOVISUSGSGLOVISUSGSGLOVISUSGSGLOVIS

Type
Satellite,
Multispectral
Satellite,
Multispectral
Satellite,
Multispectral
Satellite,
Multispectral
Satellite,
Multispectral
Satellite,
Multispectral

Resolution
30 m

Acquisition date
XX/XX/XXXX

30 m

XX/XX/XXXX

30 m

XX/XX/XXXX

30 m

XX/XX/XXXX

30 m

XX/XX/XXXX

30 m

XX/XX/XXXX

Justification

Cloud cover <15% for all
images. All
images fromsame season.

Non-remote sensing geographical and spatial data (parameter DEy)
Map

Type

SourceMinimummappingunit< 30 mLocationofvillagesandsettlement
s
Road
Maps

ShapefileDept. of Geography

ShapefileProvincial
boundaries

ShapefileDept. of Geography; Open Stree Map,
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=5/51.500/-0.100
Dept. of Geography< 30 m< 30 mEmissions factors
Parameter
Emission factor(carbon stock per
hectare) in aboveValue
200 tC ha-1

SourceReference:
2006 IPCC
Guidelines

20

Justification
The value is more conservative
than other estimates for similar
forest types (Reference: GGG,

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

ground biomass inprimary forest,
EF1,1

Emission factor(carbon stock per
hectare) in above
ground biomass insecondary forest,
EF2,1
Emission factor(carbon stock per
hectare) in above
ground biomass incropland, EF4,1
Ratio tobelow-groundbiomass of all
types of forest,
RAtoB

Relationshi

Vol.4 (Table
2.2, 2.3).

100 tC ha-1

Reference:
2006 IPCC
Guidelines
Vol.4 (Table
2.2, 2.3).

30 tC ha-1

Reference:
2006 IPCC
Guidelines
Vol.4 (Table
2.2, 2.3).
Reference:
2006 IPCC
Guidelines
Vol.4 (Table
2.2, 2.3).

37.0

HHH). As a pilot exercise, 10
sample plots were establishedand measured in the project area.
The average carbon stock inabove ground biomass from theseplots was 230±9 (1 std. dev.) tC
ha. This is higher than the IPCC
default, despite degradation due
to overharvesting of fuelwood
and timber. The IPCC default
was selected as a conservative
measure. Details provided inannex.
2006 IPCC Guidelines default ismore conservative than found inother studies (Reference GGG,
Reference HHH).

No values from local or regional
studies available.

Destructive sampling under one
study in Cambodia produced aslightly higher but neverthelesscomparable root-shoot ratio(Reference III).

N/A

p withnational or
sub-national reference
levels・ Describe the approach and procedure used to establish the project reference level in linewith “4. Concepts for REDD-plus in the JCM” in “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines
for Developing Proposed Methodology for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation andForest Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests andEnhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries” and the applied
methodology(ies).
・ Provide information on the data used to establish the project reference level, including
parameters, values, sources and justification.
・ Details may be provided in the Annex.

21JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

C.3. Estimation of project net emissions
Estimation of project net emissions (excluding displaced emissions)
Project net emissions at year y during the monitoring period are estimated using Equation 6: PEy= ΔCSPJ,y* 44/12 + Lfire_PJ,y + Eenergy,PJ,y + DEy
Carbon stock change at year y (ΔCSPJ,y) is determined according to the projected land use
transitions in the project area in the absence of the project and the effectiveness of project
activities.
Land cover transitions
The two land cover transitions projected for the project area are transition from primary forest to
cropland and from primary forest to secondary forest. The ratio of these two transitions in the
project area is taken from the average ratio in the reference region during the reference period,
i.e. primary forest to cropland = 0.4 primary forest to secondary forest = 0.6.
Effectiveness of project activities
Conversion of primary forest to cropland
The activities to stop the transition of primary forest to cropland in the project area are
anticipated to be 100 per cent effective from Year 1. Establishment of the community forests,
implementation of the Community Forest Management Plans and patrols are expected to stop all
encroachment in the project area.
Conversion of primary forest to secondary forest
Conversion of primary to secondary forest occurs when primary forests are destroyed by forest
fires and replaced by naturally regenerated secondary forest. The implementation of forest
management plans and the establishment of voluntary fire brigades are expected to gradually
reduce forest fires in the project area, starting at 10% reduction in Year 1, and reaching amaximum of 50% by Year 5. All burnt forests are assumed to be replaced by secondary forest.
Amount of CO2 emissions from energy use
Amount of CO2 emissions from energy use is calculated using Equation 11: Eenergy,PJ,p = LCy *CC * ODU * 44/12. It is assumed that on average 600 litres of automotive fuel would be used
per month for transporting equipment and produce to and from the organic farms.
Complete details for estimation of project net emissions are provided in the annex.
・ Describe the procedures for the estimation of project net emissions (excluding displacedemissions) covering all carbon pools and GHG sources in line with the applied
methodology(ies).
・ Details may be provided in the Annex.
Estimation of displaced emissions
Reasons forincluding /excludingdisplacedemissionsWays andmeans to

Displacement of emissions is included as it is anticipated that if the project is
implemented migrant and local communities, who have primarily caused
deforestation, will clear forests in the surrounding area as they are seeking toopen up more land for cropping. It is also anticipated that some hunters who are
no longer able to hunt in the project area will move to other areas to hunt using
fires.
Emissions displacement is estimated by assessing the potential for and likely
extent of activity shifting.

22

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Local and migrant communities clearing forest for agriculture
The expansion of croplands in the project area will not be permitted under theemissionsapproved Community Forest Management Plans. It is anticipated that thedisplacement introduction of certified organic farming will increase farmer net annual
household revenues by 100-200%. However project and migrant communities
denied access to the project area for agriculture may clear forest in other areas.
The projected annual rate of clearance for agriculture in the project area basedon the analysis of deforestation drivers and land use change in the reference area
during the reference period is 31.1 ha/yr. Without the project, due to population
growth this can be anticipated to increase by an additional 5 ha/year. It is
assumed that 100% of the forest clearance in the project area would be displaced
to other adjacent areas that lie within the displacement monitoring belt in thefirst year, but that this will decrease by 10% per year as the organic farming
begins to provide additional income to farmers. With these assumptions, thetotal area of forest clearance displaced by the project in the first 5-year
monitoring period is 159.4 ha.
estimate

Forest fires
Hunters who use fires and are denied access to the forest area are expected tomove their hunting activities to the displacement monitoring belt. About half ofthe hunters are farmers in the project communities and are expected to stop theirhunting using fires to focus on the certified organic agriculture. The other half ofthe hunters are from migrant communities and can be expected to move theirhunting to other areas once the project is introduced. It is thus assumed that 50%
of fires that would have been caused by hunters in the project area in theabsence of the project are displaced.
Timber and fuelwood for local use
Carbon stock is expected to increase in the project area because the project isanticipated to reduce the extraction of timber and fuelwood to sustainable levels.
Woodlots will be planted to reduce demand on the forest, but they cannot be
harvested until Year 6. For the first 5-year monitoring period, it is assumed that
100% of the avoided emissions from overharvesting of timber and fuelwood will
be displaced to the displacement belt. However, any increase in carbon stock in
the project area from a reduction in the extraction of timber and fuelwood is
excluded from the project accounting; hence displacement of this activity is also
excluded from the accounting.
The calculations to estimate displaced emissions and the results are provided in
the annex.
Total size ofdisplacement 121,837 ha
belt

23

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Map of thedisplacement
belt

Accessibility to the forest can have a significant impact on deforestation rates.
Deforestation is likely to be higher in areas with road and track access than areas
for setting
without such access. Therefore, to establishing the boundaries of thedisplacement belt a cost-weighted distance value was used around each project
thesite, rather than a constant distance buffer. The boundary of the displacementboundaries
belt was delineated by selecting a cost threshold below which displacement was
expected to be likely. Data was obtained locally from community surveys toof theestablish the thresholds. Travel in areas without roads and on tracks and paths isdisplacement by foot or bicycle, with a travel speed of about 1.0 km/hr. Travel on roads is bybike or tractor and is about 5 km/hr. It was assumed that households are
belt
prepared to travel up to 5 km/day for their agriculture when travelling only bytracks and paths, and 15 km/day when travelling by roads. See annex for further
details.
Explanation

・ Give the reasons for including / not including displaced emissions in the estimation ofproject net emissions. Note that any decrease in carbon stocks and increase of GHG
emission from outside of the project area that are reasonably attributable to the project
activities are quantified and accounted as displaced net emissions, while any increase incarbon stocks and decrease of GHG emissions compared to the situation without the project
outside the project area due to the project activities are excluded from the accounting.
・ Describe the ways and means applied to estimate the displacement of emissions in line withthe applied methodology(ies).
・ When the applied methodology(ies) requires the establishment of a displacement belt tomonitor displaced emissions, provide:・ The total size of the displacement belt in hectares;
・ A map of the displacement belt;
・ The process for setting the boundaries of the displacement belt24

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

・ When the applied methodology(ies) do not require the establishment of a displacement belt,
write “N/A” in the relevant cells.
・ Details may be provided in the Annex.
C.4. Discount factor for the risk of reversals
Applied discount factor (%)

20

Approach for setting the discount factor

Default set by applied methodology.

・ Provide the discount factor used to account for the risk of reversals.
・ Explain the approach for setting the discount factor in line with the applied
methodology(ies).
・ Details may be provided in the Annex.
C.5. Ex ante estimation of emission reductions
Year
Estimated
Estimated
Estimated
Project
Project Net
Emission
Reference
Emissions
Reductions
Level (tCO2e)(tCO2e)(tCO2e)
A
B
C=A–B
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
112,836
45,161
67,675
2018
112,836
45,161
67,675
2019
112,836
45,161
67,675
2020
112,836
45,161
67,6752021
112,836
45,161
67,675
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Total (tCO2e)

Estimated Emission
Reductions to be Credited(tCO2e)D = C * (1-Discount factor)

47,37347,37347,37347,37347,373236,863

・ Summarize the results of the ex ante estimation of emission reductions for all years of themonitoring period using the table above.
・ The table presents the aggregate emission reductions of the project. Separate tables fordifference project components, if more than one, and each approved methodology that is25

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

applied, if more than one, should be provided in the Annex.

D. Environmental impact assessment
Legal requirement of environmental impactNo.

assessment for the proposed project・ Answer “YES” or “NO” depending on whether the proposed project is subject to an
environmental impact assessment according to national or local regulations.
・ If YES, provide the conclusions of the environmental impact assessment in the Annex.
・ If relevant, this information may also be provided in the Safeguards Implementation Plan
(SGIP) form.
E. Local stakeholder consultation
E.1. Solicitation of comments from local stakeholders
A provincial stakeholder workshop was held in province XYZ and was well attended by all the
major stakeholders identified by the project (see Criterion (b) Safeguards Implementation Planin SGIP). A number of questions were raised and answered. The agenda of the workshop, theparticipants list and a full record of the discussions can be requested from the project
participants.
・ Describe the process by which comments from local stakeholders have been invited for the
proposed project.
・ If relevant, this information may also be provided in the Safeguards Implementation Plan
(SGIP) form.
E.2. Summary and consideration of comments received
Stakeholders
Traditional leadersfrom local
communities

Provincial Forest
OfficeProvincial
Forest OfficeComments received“It is important for ourcommunities tomanage the forests
well for our future
generations. We
support the projectidea.” “Can we be
confident that theorganic agriculture will
be successful?”“The project idea isrelevant to theprovincial forest
management and land
use plans. It is
important that the
project supports

Consideration of comments received
The project includes intensive scientificmonitoring and adoption of proven methods andpractices, which are expected to generate highyields of quality organic produce. As safeguards
to ensure community net benefits, a small grants
programme for community projects and a
microfinance scheme for micro-enterprises in
the project communities will be implemented.
Consultations with the Ministry of Forestry,
Ministry of Environment and Department ofLands were conducted to ensure the project
design is fully aligned with national policies andprogrammes. The records of these meetings canbe requested from the project participants.

26

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Cambodia’s forest
policies and strategy.”
N/A・ Identify stakeholders that have made comments and provide a summary of these comments.
・ Explain how due consideration has given to the comments received.

F. References
AAA,
BBB,
CCC,
…
・ Provide a list of references used to support the descriptions in the PDD, if any.

Annex
(For sake of brevity, the annex of the example given above is not provided in these guidelines.)

・ Use appropriate numbering and subheadings for easy reference to the relevant sections of
the PDD. Use a row for each section of the Annex. Additional rows may be added.

Revision history of PDD
Version

Date

Contents revised

4.2. Developing a Monitoring Plan
25. The project participants develop a monitoring plan before validation using the Monitoring
Plan Sheet and the Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet in the corresponding
Monitoring Spreadsheet of the methodology(ies) applied. The monitoring plan utilizes data27

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

and estimates from the National Forest Monitoring System or from any relevant
sub-national monitoring system, as appropriate.
26. The project participants input estimated values for each parameter in the Monitoring Plan
Sheet (Input Sheet). The Input Sheet consists of a table of parameters to be monitored ex
post, and a table of parameters to be fixed ex ante, which together provide a complete
listing of the data that needs to be collected for the project.
27. The project participants provide information on each of the following items for eachparameter specified in the Monitoring Plan Sheet in line with the applied methodology(ies),and may provide detailed information specific to the proposed project to the contents givenin the applied methodology.
(a) Estimated values: Provide the estimated values of the parameter for the purpose of
calculating emission reductions ex ante;(b) Monitoring option for each data and parameter: Select one of the following
options;(i)

Option A: Based on public data which is measured by entities other than the
project participants (Data used: publicly available data such as official
statistics, IPCC Guidelines, commercial and scientific literature, etc.);(ii)

Option B: Based on the amount of transaction which is measured directly
using measuring equipments (Data used: commercial evidence such as
invoices);(iii)

Option C: Based on actual measurement using measuring equipments (Data
used: measured values).

(c) Source of data: Provide the source of data used or to be used. Clearly indicate thetype of data source (e.g. official statistics, surveys, measured value, etc.) and thespatial level of data (e.g. local, regional, national, international), if applicable;(d) Measurement methods and procedures: Provide a short description of how theparameters are to be measured/calculated including the Quality Assurance/Quality
Control (hereinafter referred to as “QA/QC”) procedures applied.
(e) Monitoring frequency: Describe the monitoring frequency (e.g. continuously,
annually).
28. The project participants ensure that data monitored and required for verification andissuance be kept and archived electronically for the period of project implementation.
29. In the Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet, the project participants describe theoperational and management structure to be implemented in order to conduct monitoring,clearly indicating the roles of personnel and organizations, and set out in detail theprocedures for data collection, archiving and reporting, and QA/QC.
30. The project participants appoint a person who is responsible overall for the monitoring,28

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

including preparation of the monitoring report, and managing and archiving of data. The
person responsible for monitoring:(a) Ensures the quality of the monitoring report and the structure and procedure for
producing the report;(b) Oversees and coordinates all the monitoring activities.

4.3. Preparing for actual measurement1
31. For monitoring of data and parameters under Option C (i.e. actual measurement), theproject participants determine the frequency of calibration and calibrate measuring
equipments and/or establishing models in line with international standards or
manufacturers’ specification, unless otherwise stated in the applied methodology(ies).
32. The monitoring for carbon pools under Option C should be conducted using a combinationof remote sensing and ground-based survey(s) and the methods adopted for Cambodia’s
National Forest Monitoring System should be used. The best available technology,
including novel satellite observation technologies, may be employed to build effective
GHG monitoring systems.
33. The monitoring for carbon pools under Option C is implemented by people who haveadequate relevant monitoring experience and qualifications. If any parts of the monitoringare conducted by people with less relevant experience, such as members of local
communities, appropriate procedures for quality assurance and quality control are
implemented.2

1

The following documents may be referred to in developing a monitoring plan and in
conducting the monitoring,Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. 2012. “REDD-plus Cookbook: How to measureand monitor forest carbon” www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/redd-rdc/ja/reference/cookbook.html
GOFC-GOLD. 2015. “A sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring and reporting
anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals associated with deforestation, gains andlosses of carbon stocks in forests remaining forests, and forestation”
http://www.gofcgold.wur.nl/redd/sourcebook/GOFC-GOLD_Sourcebook.pdf
2
The following guide may be referred to when engaging local communities in monitoring for
REDD-plus projects under the JCM: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies. 2014.
“Community Based Forest Biomass Monitoring - Training of Trainers Manual”
https://pub.iges.or.jp/pub/community-based-forest-biomass-monitoring-0
29

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0<Example of a Monitoring Plan Sheet (Input Sheet)>
Monitoring Plan Sheet (Input Sheet) [Attachment to Project Design Document]
Table 1: Parameters to be monitored ex post(a)
Monitoring
point No.

(b)Parameters

(c)

(d)

Description of data

Estimated
Values

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

Units

Monitoring
optionSource of data

Measurement methods andprocedures

Monitoring
frequency

Other
comments

Option CUSGSGLOVIS,
Landsatimagery

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery. QA/QC: Experts
process images, with double-checks
included in classification andaccuracy assessment procedures.

Once every
three years

Table 1-a isused for expostmonitoring.

Option CUSGSGLOVIS,
Landsatimagery

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery. QA/QC: Same as(1)

Once every
three years

Table 1-a isused for expostmonitoringOnce every
three years
Once every
three years

Ai,yArea of stratum (= land use type) i at year
ym during monitoring period.

ABi,yArea burnt in stratum (= land use type) i atyear ym during monitoring period.

(3)

EF1,1

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare)in above ground biomass in primary forest

200

tC ha-1

Option C

Forest sampling

Forest sampling. QA/QC: Training ofcommunity teams; Remeasurementof 10% of plots; Check for anomalies
at data entry.

(4)

EF1,2

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare)of dead wood, all types of forest

14

tC ha-1

Option C

Forest sampling

Forest sampling. Same as (3)LCym

Project fuel consumption during year ym
during monitoring period.

Option B

Project records.

Sum of fuel receipts. QA/QC:
Duplicates of fuel receipts made andarchived.

Once a year

DECO2,ym

Displacement of net CO2 emissions during
year ym during monitoring period.

Option CUSGSGLOVIS,
Landsatimagery

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery. QA/QC: Same as(1)

Once every
three years

Option CUSGSGLOVIS,
Landsatimagery

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery. QA/QC: Same as(1)

Once every
three years

(1)

(2)

(5)

(6)

(7)

DEfire,ym

Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions
during year ym during monitoring period.

→Table 1-a.

→Table 1-a.

→Table 1-b.

5,419

450

ha

ha

TJ

tCO2e

tCO2e

Table 1-a. Area of stratum i and area burnt in stratum i at year ym during monitoring period(1) Forest area (ha): Ai,y(2) Burnt area (ha): ABi,yYear during thePrimary forest
Secondary forest
CroplandPrimary forest
Secondary forest
monitoring period
A1,y
A2,y
A3,y
AB1,y
AB2,y

30

CroplandAB3,yTable 1-b isused for expostmonitoringJCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0
ym1

17,266

134

0

134

0

0

ym2

17,147

253

0

119

0

0

ym3

17,042

358

0

104

0

0

ym4

16,953

447

0

89

0

0

ym5

16,879

522

0

74

0

0

Table 1-b. Project fuel consumptionYear(3) Project fuel consumption (TJ):
LCy
ymf1
ymf2
ymf3
ymf4
ymf5
Table 2: Project-specific parameters to be fixed ex ante(a)Parameters

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Description of data

Estimated
value

Units

Source of data

Other comments

ARE

Size of reference area

970,996ha

Various. Related to the drivers of deforestation
and/or forest degradation, landscapeconfiguration, socio-economic and cultural
conditions

APJ

Size of project area

17,400ha

Decided by project proponents

ADB

Size of displacement belt

121,837

ha

Various. Decided by project proponents throughmobility analysis based on a multi-criteria
evaluation

Ai,yrSize of stratum (= land use type) i at year yr during the reference period.

→Table 2-a.

ha

USGS
GLOVIS, Landsat imagery

ABi,yrSize burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year yr during the reference period.

→Table 2-a.

ha

USGS
GLOVIS, Landsat imagery

DF

Discount Factor

20%

Table 2-a. Area of stratum i and area burnt in stratum i at year yr during reference period(1) Forest area (ha): Ai,yr(2) Burnt area (ha): ABi,yr
Year during thePrimary forest
Secondary forest
CroplandPrimary forest
Secondary forest
reference period
A1,y
A2,y
A4,y
AB1,y
AB2,y

Default value is 20%

Cropland
AB4,y

2001

354,000

293,000

365,000

2,600

330

40,5002002

350,333

290,667

368,667

2,600

330

40,5002003

346,667

288,333

372,333

2,600

330

40,50031

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0
2004

343,000

286,000

376,000

2,300

660

41,7002005

339,667

284,000

379,667

2,300

660

41,7002006

336,333

282,000

383,333

2,300

660

41,7002007

333,000

280,000

387,000

9,300

1,660

42,9002008

322,333

272,667

398,333

9,300

1,660

42,9002009

311,667

265,333

409,667

9,300

1,660

42,9002010

301,000

258,000

421,000

5,600

1,330

46,7002011

294,333

253,667

428,333

5,600

1,330

46,7002012

287,667

249,333

435,667

5,600

1,330

46,7002013

281,000

245,000

443,000

3,300

660

51,2002014

275,000

241,000

449,333

3,300

660

51,2002015

269,000

237,000

455,667

3,300

660

51,200

Table 3: Ex ante estimation of CO2 emission reductions
CO2 emission reductions

Units

236,863

tCO2/p[Monitoring option]
Option A

Based on public data which is measured by entities other than the project participants (Data used: publicly recognized data such as statistical data and specifications)

Option B

Based on the amount of transaction which is measured directly using measuring equipments (Data used: commercial evidence such as invoices)

Option C

Based on actual measurement using measuring equipments (Data used: measured values)

・ For the “Parameters to be monitored ex post” (Table 1), provide information for each of the items as follows:・ Parameter: Provide the parameters used in equations in the proposed methodology;
・ Description of data: Provide a clear and unambiguous description of the data underlying the parameter;
・ Estimated value: Provide the estimated value;・ Unit: Use the relevant International System Unit (for SI units, refer to <http://www.bipm.fr/enus/3_SI/si.html>)
・ Monitoring option: Select option(s) from below. If appropriate, provide the order of priority and the conditions when the options are chosen.


Option A: Based on public data which is measured by entities other than the project participants (Data used: publicly recognized data such as
statistical data and specifications, IPCC Guidelines, etc.)



Option B: Based on the amount of a transaction which is measured directly using measuring equipments (Data used: commercial evidence such as32

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0
invoices)Option C: Based on actual measurement using measuring equipments, including equipments for remote-sensing and ground-based survey (Data
used: measured values)

・ Source of data: Provide a description of which data source should be used to determine the parameter. Clearly indicate how the values are to be selected andjustified, for example, by explaining:What types of sources are suitable (official statistics, expert judgment, proprietary data, IPCC Guidelines, commercial and scientific literature,etc.);



What spatial level of data is suitable (local, regional, national, international).

・ Basic description of measurement methods and procedures: For option B and C, provide a short description of the measurement procedures or reference toappropriate standards. Provide complete descriptions of the measurement methods and procedures and QA/QC procedures in sections 2. Monitoring Procedures
and 4. QA/QC, respectively, in the Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet.
・ Monitoring frequency: Describe the frequency of monitoring (e.g. continuously, annually, etc.).
・ Comments: Provide comments to elaborate the monitoring of each parameter not covered by the items above, when appropriate.
・ Where applicable, adhere to the instructions provided above when completing the table “Parameters to be fixed ex ante” (Table 2). Data that is determined only onceand remains fixed should be considered under “I. Data and parameters fixed ex ante” in the applied methodology.

33

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0<Example of a Monitoring Plan Sheet (Calculation Process Sheet)>
Monitoring Plan Sheet (Calculation Process Sheet)[Attachment to Project Design Document]
1. Calculations for project emission reductions to becredited

Pool / Sources

Project emission reductions to be credited during theperiod p

Value

Para
meter

Units

236,863

tCO2e

ERcredt,p

2. Basic data of the projectSize of reference area

Carbon stock and biomass burning

970,996ha

ARE

Size of project area

Carbon stock and biomass burning

17,400ha

APJ

Size of displacement belt

Carbon stock and biomass burning

121,837

ha

ADB

Monitoring start date

2017

Y1

Monitoring end date

2021

Y5

3. Selected default values
Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above groundbiomass in primary forest

Above ground biomass

200

tC ha-1

EF1,1

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above groundbiomass in secondary forest

Above ground biomass

100

tC ha-1

EF2,1

-1

tC ha

EF3,1

%

RAtoB

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above groundbiomass in cropland

Above ground biomass

30

Ratio to below-ground biomass of all types of forest

Below-ground biomass

37.0

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of dead wood,
all types of forest

14

tC ha

EF1,2

Biomass burning

119.6 *
0.36

-1

t ha

MB1 *
Cf

Mass of fuel available for combustion * Combustion factor
in secondary forest

Biomass burning

42.2 *
0.55

t ha-1MB2 *Cf

Mass of fuel available for combustion * Combustion factor
in cropland

Biomass burning

5.5 *
0.80

t ha-1MB4 *Cf

Emission factor for forest fires (CH4)

Biomass burning

6.8

g kg-dm
burnt-1

Gef-C
H4

Emission factor for forest fires (N2O)

Biomass burning

0.2

g kg-dm
burnt-1

Gef-N2O

Global Warming Potential (CH4)

Biomass burning

25

-

GWP

Global Warming Potential (N2O)

Biomass burning

298

-

GWP

Carbon content of oil (Gasoline)

Combustion of fossil fuels fromtransport and machinery use

18.7

kt-C
TJ-1

CC

Oxidized during use factor

Combustion of fossil fuels fromtransport and machinery use

1.0

-

ODU

tCO2e

RLy

Mass of fuel available for combustion * Combustion factor
in primary forest

Dead wood-1

4. Calculations for project reference level
Project reference level at year y112,836

Monitoring year during reference period

2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

yr1
yr2
yr3
yr4
yr5
yr6
yr7
yr8
yr9
yr10
yr11
yr12
yr13
yr14
yr15

Carbon stock change at year y

30,072tC

Carbon stock at yr1

111,050
,000

tC

34

ΔCSref yJCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Primary forest

Carbon stock

354,000haA1,yr1

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

293,000haA2,yr1

Cropland

Carbon stock

365,000haA3,yr1

110,193,310

Carbon stock at year yr2
Primary forest

Carbon stock

350,333ha

A1,yr2

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

290,667ha

A2,yr2

Cropland

Carbon stock

368,667ha

A3,yr2

109,336,390

Carbon stock at year yr3
Primary forest

Carbon stock

346,667ha

A1,yr3

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

288,333ha

A2,yr3

Cropland

Carbon stock

372,333ha

A3,yr3

108,480,000

Carbon stock at year yr4
Primary forest

Carbon stock

343,000haA1,yr4

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

286,000haA2,yr4

Cropland

Carbon stock

376,000haA3,yr4

107,723,410

Carbon stock at year yr5
Primary forest

Carbon stock

339,667ha

A1,yr5

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

284,000haA2,yr5

Cropland

Carbon stock

379,667ha

A3,yr5

106,996,590

Carbon stock at year yr6
Primary forest

Carbon stock

336,333ha

A1,yr6

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

282,000haA2,yr6

Cropland

Carbon stock

383,333ha

A3,yr6106,210,000

Carbon stock at year yr7
Primary forest

Carbon stock

333,000haA1,yr7

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

280,000haA2,yr7

Cropland

Carbon stock

387,000haA3,yr7

103,683,290

Carbon stock at year yr8
Primary forest

Carbon stock

322,333ha

A1,yr8

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

272,667ha

A2,yr8Cropland

Carbon stock

398,333ha

A3,yr8101,156,710

Carbon stock at year yr9
Primary forest

Carbon stock

311,667ha

A1,yr9Secondary forest

Carbon stock

265,333ha

A2,yr9Cropland

Carbon stock409,667ha

A3,yr998,630,000

Carbon stock at year yr10
Primary forest

Carbon stock

301,000haA1,yr10

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

258,000haA2,yr10

Cropland

Carbon stock

421,000haA3,yr10haA1,yr1197,083,290

Carbon stock at year yr11
Primary forest

Carbon stock35

294,333

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

253,667ha

A2,yr11

Cropland

Carbon stock

428,333ha

A3,yr11

95,536,710

Carbon stock at year yr12
Primary forest

Carbon stock

287,667ha

A1,yr12

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

249,333ha

A2,yr12

Cropland

Carbon stock

435,667ha

A3,yr1293,990,000

Carbon stock at year yr13
Primary forest

Carbon stock

281,000haA1,yr13

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

245,000haA2,yr13

Cropland

Carbon stock

443,000haA3,yr1392,579,990

Carbon stock at year yr14
Primary forest

Carbon stock

275,000haA1,yr14

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

241,000haA2,yr14

Cropland

Carbon stock

449,333ha

A3,yr14

91,170,010

Carbon stock at year yr15
Primary forest

Carbon stock

269,000haA1,yr15

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

237,000haA2,yr15

Cropland

Carbon stock

455,667ha

A3,yr15
Lfire_ref y

Non-CO2 emissions from forest fires at year y

2,573

tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr1

68,376tCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr1

Biomass burning

2,600

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr1

Biomass burning

330

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr1

Biomass burning

45,000ha

68,376tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr2
Area of burnt primary forest at yr2

Biomass burning

2,600

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr2

Biomass burning

330

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr2

Biomass burning

45,
000

ha

Non-CO2 emission at year yr3

68,376hatCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr3

Biomass burning

2,600

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr3

Biomass burning

330

ha

Biomass burning

45,
000

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr3

Non-CO2 emission at year yr4

ha68,381tCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr4

Biomass burning

2,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr4

Biomass burning

660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr4

Biomass burning

41,700ha

68,381tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr5
Area of burnt primary forest at yr5

Biomass burning

2,3
00

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr5

Biomass burning

660

ha

Biomass burning

41,
700

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr5

Non-CO2 emission at year yr6
Area of burnt primary forest at yr6

68,381
Biomass burning

36

2,3
00

tCO2e
ha

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr6
Area of burnt cropland at yr6

Biomass burning

660

ha

Biomass burning

41,
700

ha

Non-CO2 emission at year yr7

144,122tCO2e

Area of burnt primary forest at yr7

Biomass burning

9,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr7

Biomass burning

1,660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr7

Biomass burning

42,900ha

144,122tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr8
Area of burnt primary forest at yr8

Biomass burning

9,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr8

Biomass burning

1,660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr8

Biomass burning

42,900ha

144,122tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr9
Area of burnt primary forest at yr9

Biomass burning

9,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr9

Biomass burning

1,660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr9

Biomass burning

42,900ha

109,625

tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr10
Area of burnt primary forest at yr10

Biomass burning

5,600

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr10

Biomass burning

1,330

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr10

Biomass burning

46,700ha

109,625

tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr11
Area of burnt primary forest at yr11

Biomass burning

5,600

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr11

Biomass burning

1,330

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr11

Biomass burning

46,700ha

109,625

tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr12
Area of burnt primary forest at yr12

Biomass burning

5,600

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr12

Biomass burning

1,330

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr12

Biomass burning

46,700ha

Non-CO2 emission at year yr13

87,864tCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr13

Biomass burning

3,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr13

Biomass burning

660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr13

Biomass burning

51,200ha

Non-CO2 emission at year yr14

87,864tCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr14

Biomass burning

3,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr14

Biomass burning

660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr14

Biomass burning

51,200ha

Non-CO2 emission at year yr15

87,864tCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr15

Biomass burning

3,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr15

Biomass burning

660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr15

Biomass burning

51,200ha

45,161tCO2e

5. Calculations of the project net emissions
Project net emissions during year y

PEy

Monitoring year during first monitoring period
2017

ym1

2018

ym2

2019

ym3

2020

ym4

2021

ym5

Carbon stock changes at year y

10,43037tC

ΔCSPJ,

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

yCarbon stock at year ym1

3,466,590

tC

Area of primary forest at year ym1

Carbon stock

17,266haArea of secondary forest at year ym1

Carbon stock

134

ha

Area of cropland at year ym1

Carbon stock0ha3,454,670tC

Carbon stock at year ym2
Area of primary forest at year ym2

Carbon stock

17,147haArea of secondary forest at year ym2

Carbon stock

253

ha

Area of cropland at year ym2

Carbon stock0ha3,444,240tC

Carbon stock at year ym3
Area of primary forest at year ym3

Carbon stock

17,042haArea of secondary forest at year ym3

Carbon stock

358

ha

Area of cropland at year ym3

Carbon stock0ha3,435,300tC

Carbon stock at year ym4
Area of primary forest at year ym4

Carbon stock

16,953haArea of secondary forest at year ym4

Carbon stock

447

ha

Area of cropland at year ym4

Carbon stock0ha

3,427,850tC

Carbon stock at year ym5
Area of primary forest at year ym5

Carbon stock

16,879haArea of secondary forest at year ym5

Carbon stock

522

ha

Area of cropland at year ym5

Carbon stock0ha

Non-CO2 emissions from forest fires at year y
Non-CO2 emission at year ym1

1,031

tCO2e

1,326

tCO2e

Area of burnt primary forest at year ym1

Biomass burning

134

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at year ym1

Biomass burning

0ha

Area of burnt cropland at year ym1

Biomass burning

0ha

Non-CO2 emission at year ym2

1,178

tCO2e

Area of burnt primary forest at year ym2

Biomass burning

119

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at year ym2

Biomass burning

0ha

Area of burnt cropland at year ym2

Biomass burning

0ha

Non-CO2 emission at year ym3

1,031

tCO2e

Area of burnt primary forest at year ym3

Biomass burning

104

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at year ym3

Biomass burning

0ha

Area of burnt cropland at year ym3

Biomass burning

0ha

Non-CO2 emission at year ym4

884

tCO2e

Area of burnt primary forest at year ym4

Biomass burning

89haArea of burnt secondary forest at year ym4

Biomass burning

0ha

Area of burnt cropland at year ym4

Biomass burning

0ha

Non-CO2 emission at year ym5

736

tCO2e

Area of burnt primary forest at year ym5

Biomass burning

74

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at year ym5

Biomass burning

0ha

Area of burnt cropland at year ym5

Biomass burning0ha

CO2 emissions from transport and machinery use
during year y
Consumption of oil during year y38

Lfire_PJ y

17.4

tC02e

Eenergy,

0.25

TJ

LCy

PJ,y

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Carbon content of oil (Gasoline)

Combustion of fossil fuels fromtransport and machinery use

Oxidized during use factor

Combustion of fossil fuels fromtransport and machinery use

CO2emissions

during

Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during
year monitoring ym due to forest fires

CC

-

ODU

tCO2e

DEy

5,419

tCO2

Biomass burning

450

tCO2e

N/A

20

%

Carbon stock

1

kt-C
-1
TJ

5,869

Displacement of net emissions during the period y
Displacement ofmonitoring year ym

18.7

DECO2,
ym

DEfire,ym

5. Calculation of discount factor
Discount factor<Example of a Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet>
Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet [Attachment to Project Design Document]
1. Monitoring Participants
Responsible organizations for implementing the methods and procedures for each data
Description of data
Area of stratum (= land
use type) i at year ym
during monitoring
period.
Area burnt in stratum (=land use type) i at year
ym during monitoring
period.
Emission factor (carbon
stock per hectare) inabove ground biomass
in primary forest
Emission factor (carbon
stock per hectare) ofdead wood, all types offorestProject fuelconsumption during
year ym during
monitoring period.
Displacement of net
CO2 emissions during
year ym during
monitoring period.
Displacement of CH4
and N2O emissions
during year ym during
monitoring period.

Basic description of measurement

Organizations involved

methods and procedures
Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Company DEF, Forest
Department

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Company DEF, Forest
Department

Forest sampling

NGO ABC, Company DEF,
Forest Department, projectcommunities

Forest sampling

NGO ABC, Company DEF,
Forest Department, projectcommunities

Reviewing project records

Company DEF

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Company DEF, Forest
Department

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Company DEF, Forest
Department

39

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

・ When each data when monitoring options B or C are applied, copy (c) Description of dataand (h) Measurement methods and procedures from Table 1: Parameters to be monitored ex
post in Monitoring Plan Sheet (Input Sheet) and paste the information into the first twocolumns of the table above.
・ Identify the organizations responsible for implementing the methods and procedures for eachdata.
・ Additional rows may be added.
Responsible personnel and their roles
Personnel
Forest Division Head,
Company DEF
Senior Lecturer,
Geography
Department,
University KLM
Forest Division Head,
Company DEF
International
Co-operation
Division Chief,
Department ofForestry
Executive Director,
NGO ABC

Role(s)Responsible for overall monitoring and monitoring report
Responsible for remote sensing and GIS analysis

Responsible for forest inventory, including training and supervisingcommunity forest inventory teams, and analysis of fuel consumption
Supporting remote sensing and forest inventory

Supporting training and organization of community inventory teams

・ Provide the positions of the individuals responsible for the monitoring and describe theirroles. When teams are involved, e.g. communities involved in forest inventory, provide theposition of the individual responsible for managing or supervising the monitoring.
・ Additional rows may be added.

40

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

2. Monitoring procedures

Area of stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period.
Area burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period.
Displacement of net CO2 emissions during year ym during monitoring period.
Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during year ym during monitoring period.
The area of each land use stratum and burnt areas will be monitored through analysis of Landsat
images, using the same procedures for establishing the reference level. Displacement of net
CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions will be monitored in the same manner.
Project fuel consumption during year ym during monitoring period.
Monitoring will be conducted using purchase receipts.
Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above ground biomass in primary forest.
Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of dead wood, all types of forest
A forest inventory using permanent sample plots (PSPs) will be conducted in year 1 of the
project and repeated every 3 years. In line with the applied methodology, the number of sample
plots will be determined to provide estimates of the net change in carbon stocks to within 10 per
cent of the true value of the mean at the 95 per cent confidence level. A pilot survey using 10
PSPs has already been undertaken. From the pilot survey data, a total of 110 PSPs wascalculated as necessary to meet this requirement. A field manual in local language will be
developed for the forest sampling, covering plot location, size and dimensions; measurement
equipment; procedures for estimating above ground tree biomass and standing and lying
deadwood; data recording procedures; and QA/QC. Forest Inventory Manual (Ministry ofEnvironment, the Kingdom of Cambodia) will be one of the main references for the project
inventory manual.

・ For each data for which options B or C are applied, provide a detailed description of themonitoring procedures.
・ Details may be described in the Annex.

3. Procedures for recording and archiving data
“Standard Operating Procedures for Terrestrial Carbon Measurement”, Winrock International(2012) will be the basic reference for recording and archiving data. The procedures include: Forest inventory data will be recorded on prepared field sheets and then later enteredinto a MS Excel file. A digital image of each field sheet will be taken before departing
each plot for back up. All field sheets will be filed and digital images will be stored
electronically in labelled folders.
 Fuel purchase receipts will be filed in duplicate.
 Remote sensing data and analysis results will be organized and filed in labelled folders.
 All electronic files will be backed up on a server.

41

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

・ Describe the procedures for recording and archiving monitoring data.
・ For each data for which options B or C are applied, provide a detailed description of theprocedures・ Details may be described in the Annex.

4. QA/QC procedures

Area of stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period.
Area burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period.
Displacement of net CO2 emissions during year ym during monitoring period.
Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during year ym during monitoring period.
The following QA/QC procedures are applied to the remote sensing analysis:
 Horizontal accuracy assessment of all images used in remote sensing analysis isconducted to ensure proper alignment of images over multiple points in time. Rootmean squared error (RMSE) of the difference between known digitized locations is
calculated to assess linear accuracy of each image. Further QA/QC elements aredescribed in the standard operating procedure, which can be requested from University
KLM.
 Thematic accuracy assessment of all generated maps is conducted using high resolution
imagery (5 m) supported by ground-based observations as necessary. Further QA/QC
elements are described in the standard operating procedure, which can be requested
from University KLM.
No equipment used requires calibration.
Project fuel consumption during year ym during monitoring period.
 Double check of fuel receipt data entry will be conducted.
No equipment used requires calibration.

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above ground biomass in primary forest.
Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of dead wood, all types of forest
Forest inventory will be conducted by trained community teams. Each community will select ateam of about 10 people who will be carefully trained in the classroom and in the field on forest
inventory. “Community Based Forest Biomass Monitoring - Training of Trainers Manual”,
IGES (2014) will be the reference to design the trainings. QA/QC procedures will include: Re-measuring 10 per cent of PSPs during each inventory. Errors discovered will be
expressed as a percentage of all plots that have been re-measured to provide an estimateof the measurement error.
 Assigning one experienced forester to supervise each team.
 Assignment of a team leader who will check off all field sheets before leaving plots.
 “Hot Checks” (supervising forester conducts occasional re-measurement and provides
continual guidance to community teams).
 Check for anomalies during data entry: 10% of all data sheets will be selected randomly
and checked for consistency and accuracy in data entry.

42

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

No equipment used requires calibration.

・ Describe the procedures that the project employs for quality assurance and quality control.
・ For each data for which options B or C are applied, describe the calibration procedures ofany measurement equipment used where applicable.
・ Details may be described in the Annex.

Annex

・ Use appropriate numbering and subheadings for easy reference to the relevant sections of
the Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet. Use a row for each section of the Annex.
・ Additional rows may be added or unnecessary rows removed.

43

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

5. Monitoring
5.1. Conducting monitoring
34. The project participants conduct monitoring in line with the monitoring plan of theregistered PDD.
35. When using remote sensing for monitoring of carbon pools under Option C, satellite
imageries whose spatial resolution is 30 meters or higher is used for monitoring land use
and land-use changes. For the classification of land cover and forest types, classification toreflect the amount of carbon stock per hectare is encouraged and the classification shouldreflect each country’s forest designations. The accuracy of forest/non-forest maps is 80
percent or higher.

5.2. Data correction for actual measurement
36. In monitoring for GHG sources under Option C, the project participants calibratemeasuring equipments as per the monitoring plan.
37. The project participants determine the necessity for data correction in calculation ofemission reductions following the decision tree shown in Figure 1 below. If any relevant
protocols exist in the National Forest Monitoring System, equipments calibration and data
correction should be conducted in line with these protocols.
38. Regarding parameters for which corresponding national laws and regulations on
measurement exist, the project participants:(a)

Apply measured values (uncorrected values) to those parameters in calculation ofemission reductions, if measuring equipments are calibrated and/or qualified inaccordance with the national laws and regulations on measurement;(b)

Do not apply measured values in calculation of emission reductions for thatmonitoring period, if measuring equipments are not calibrated and/or qualified inaccordance with the national laws and regulations on measurement.

39. Regarding parameters for which national laws and regulations on measurement do not exist,
the project participants check whether the instrumental errors identified in the calibration
test stay within the required level of accuracy (i.e. ±5%).
40. For parameters described in paragraph 39, if measuring equipments are calibrated in linewith the monitoring plan, the project participants:(a)

Apply measured values (uncorrected values) to those parameters in calculation ofemission reductions, where the instrumental errors of the measuring equipments
stay within ±5%;(b)Correct measured values by applying the difference resulted from the instrumental
error and required level of accuracy to the measured values during the period44

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

between the date of the previous calibration and the concerned calibration, in linewith the Appendix to these Guidelines, and apply the corrected values to thoseparameters in calculation of emission reductions, where the instrumental errors ofthe measuring equipments do not stay within ±5%.
41. For parameters described in paragraph 39, if measuring equipments are not calibrated inline with the monitoring plan, but calibration is implemented after the scheduled date, theproject participants:(a)

Apply measured values (uncorrected values) to those parameters in calculation ofemission reductions, where the instrumental errors identified in the delayedcalibration test stay within ±5%;(b)Correct measured values by applying the difference resulted from the instrumental
error identified in the delayed calibration and required level of accuracy to themeasured values during the period between the date of previous calibration and theactual date of calibration in line with the Appendix to these Guidelines, and apply
the corrected values to those parameters in calculation of emission reductions,where the instrumental errors identified in the delayed calibration test do not staywithin ±5%.

42. Correction of values in line with paragraph 40(b) and 41(b) are conducted in a manner
which results in a conservative calculation of emission reductions, as shown in the
Appendix.
43. For parameters described in paragraph 39, if measuring equipments are not calibrated inline with the monitoring plan and calibration is not implemented after the scheduled date,
the project participants do not apply measured values in calculation of emission reductions
for that monitoring period.

45

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Yes

Yes

National laws or
regulations on
measurement exist?

Properly calibrated
and/or qualified inaccordance with thelaws or regulations?

No

No

Values are notapplicable for themonitoring period
Yes

Calibrated in linewith rules inparagraph 29?

Yes

Yes

Instrumental error
is within ±5%?

Neither corrections nor additional calibration necessaryNo

Calibrated after
the scheduled
date?

No

Correction necessary

Values are notapplicable for themonitoring period

Figure 1 Decision tree for data correction

5.3. Recording and archiving data
44. The project participants record and archive the data as per the monitoring plan.
45. When conducting monitoring, the project participants archive the evidence and records thatvalidate the figures to be stated in the monitoring report(s). It includes the source
documents that form the basis for calculations and other information underlying theemission reductions.

6. Developing a Monitoring Report
46. The project participants develop a monitoring report using the Monitoring Report Sheetapplied to the registered JCM project.
47. For each parameter in the Monitoring Report Sheet, the project participants provide
information corresponding to the following items:(a) Monitoring period: Describe the monitoring period;(b) Monitored values: Provide the values of the monitored parameters for the purposeof calculating emission reductions;46

NoJCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0(c) Monitoring option: Fill in the monitoring option used;(d) Source of data: Provide the source of data used. Clearly indicate the type of data
source (e.g. logbooks, daily records, surveys, etc.) and the spatial level of data (e.g.
local, regional, national, international), if applicable;(e) Measurement methods and procedures: Describe how the parameters aremeasured/calculated including QA/QC procedures applied. If a parameter ismeasured, describe the equipments used to measure it, including details on
accuracy level, and calibration information (frequency, date of calibration andvalidity);(f)Monitoring frequency: Describe the monitoring frequency.

48. In the Monitoring Report Sheet which is Attached Document to the Monitoring Report
Sheet, the project participants provide the locations of monitoring points of theground-based(s) survey on a map, the result of reassessment of the project reference level,
and the situation of the actual recording and archiving of data.

47

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0<Example of a Monitoring Report Sheet (Input Sheet)>
Monitoring Report Sheet [Attachment to Project Design Document]
Table 4: Parameters to be monitored ex post(a)
Monitoring
point No.

(b)Paramet
ers

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

Description of data

Estimated
Values

Uni
ts

Monitoring
optionSource ofdata

Measurement methods andprocedures

Monitoring
frequency

Other comments

Option CUSGSGLOVIS,
Landsatimagery

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Once every
three years

Min. spatial resolutionof 30 mAnalyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Once every
three years

Min. spatial resolutionof 30 mAi,yArea of stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during
monitoring period.

→Table
1-a.

(2)

ABi,y

Area burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year ym
during monitoring period.

→Table1-a.

haOption CUSGSGLOVIS,
Landsatimagery

(3)

EF1,1

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above
ground biomass in primary forest

200

tC
ha-1

Option C

Forestsampling

Forest sampling

Once every
three years

(4)

EF1,2

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of deadwood, all types of forest

14

tC
ha-1

Option C

Forestsampling

Forest sampling

Once every
three years

LCym

Project fuel consumption during year ym during
monitoring period.

Option B

USGS
GLOVIS,
Landsatimagery

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Once a year

DECO2,ym

Displacement of net CO2 emissions during year ym
during monitoring period.

Option CUSGSGLOVIS,
Landsatimagery

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Once every
three years

Min. spatial resolutionof 30 mOption CUSGSGLOVIS,
Landsatimagery

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Once every
three years

Min. spatial resolutionof 30 m

(1)

(5)

(6)

(7)

DEfire,ym

Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during year
ym during monitoring period.

→Table
1-b.

ha

TJ

Ha

Ha

48

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0
Table 4-a. Area of stratum i and area burnt in stratum i at year ym during monitoring period(1) Forest area (ha): Ai,y(2) Burnt area (ha): ABi,yYear during thePrimary forest
Secondary forest
CroplandPrimary forest
Secondary forest
monitoring period
A1,y
A2,y
A3,y
AB1,y
AB2,y

Cropland
AB3,y

ym1
ym2
ym3
ym4
ym5
…
Table 4-b. Project fuel consumptionYear(3) Project fuel consumption (TJ):
LCy
ymf1
ymf2
ymf3
ymf4
ymf5
….

Table 5: Project-specific parameters to be fixed ex ante(a)Parame
ters

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Description of data

Estimated valueUnits

Source of data

Other comments

ARE

Size of reference area

970,996ha

Various. Related to the drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation, landscape configuration,socio-economic and cultural conditions

APJ

Size of project area

17,400ha

Decided by project proponents

ADB

Size of displacement belt

121,837

ha

Various. Decided by project proponents through mobility analysis based on a multi-criteria
evaluation

Ai,yrSize of stratum (= land use type) i at year yr during thereference period.

→Table
2-a.

ha

USGS
GLOVIS, Landsat imagery

Min. spatial resolutionof 30 mABi,yrSize burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year yr during
the reference period.

→Table
2-a.

ha

USGS
GLOVIS, Landsat imagery

Min. spatial resolutionof 30 mDF

Discount Factor

30%

Default value is 30%

49

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0
Table 5-a. Area of stratum i and area burnt in stratum i at year yr during reference period(1) Forest area (ha): Ai,yr(2) Burnt area (ha): ABi,yr
Year during thePrimary forest
Secondary forest
CroplandPrimary forest
Secondary forest
reference period
A1,y
A2,y
A4,y
AB1,y
AB2,y

Cropland
AB4,y

2001

354,000

293,000

365,000

2,600

330

40,5002002

350,333

290,667

368,667

2,600

330

40,5002003

346,667

288,333

372,333

2,600

330

40,5002004

343,000

286,000

376,000

2,300

660

41,7002005

339,667

284,000

379,667

2,300

660

41,7002006

336,333

282,000

383,333

2,300

660

41,7002007

333,000

280,000

387,000

9,300

1,660

42,9002008

322,333

272,667

398,333

9,300

1,660

42,9002009

311,667

265,333

409,667

9,300

1,660

42,9002010

301,000

258,000

421,000

5,600

1,330

46,7002011

294,333

253,667

428,333

5,600

1,330

46,7002012

287,667

249,333

435,667

5,600

1,330

46,7002013

281,000

245,000

443,000

3,300

660

51,2002014

275,000

241,000

449,333

3,300

660

51,2002015

269,000

237,000

455,667

3,300

660

51,200

Table 6: Ex-post estimation of CO2 emission reductions
Monitoring period

Emission reductions to be credited

Units
tCO2/p[Monitoring option]
Option A

Option A

Based on public data which is measured by entities other than the project participants (Data used: publicly recognized data such as statistical data and specifications)

Option B

Option B

Based on the amount of transaction which is measured directly using measuring equipment (Data used: commercial evidence such as invoices)

Option C

Option C

Based on the actual measurement using measuring equipment (Data used: measured values)50

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Monitoring Report Sheet Attachment
1. Monitoring sites of the ground-based survey(s)・ Provide a map that displays the locations of the monitoring sites used in the ground-based
survey for the monitoring of net project emissions.

2. Reassessment of project reference level

・ Provide information that is necessary for reassessment of the project reference level. Referto the “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Developing Proposed Methodology for
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role ofConservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon
Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)”, noting that:
・ The project reference level is reassessed within five years intervals to ensure that it
adequately reflects the actual circumstances of the project area, such as drivers ofdeforestation and/or forest degradation, activities that lead to land-use changes, andchanges of forest management methods.
・ If the result of reassessment shows that project reference level doesn't adequately reflect theactual circumstances, the project reference level is reestablished.
・ If a national or relevant sub-national reference level is established after the project startdate, the national or relevant sub-national reference level should be taken into accountwhen reestablishing the project reference level at the time of reassessment, and the validityof the new project reference level should be explained.
・ Details may be provided in the Annex.

51

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

3. Recording and archiving data

・ Describe the actual situation of the recording and archiving of the monitoring data.
・ Details may be provided in the Annex.

Annex

・ Use appropriate numbering and subheadings for easy reference to the relevant sections of
the Monitoring Report Sheet. Use a row for each section of the Annex. Additional rows may
be added.

52