The 2nd JCI & ACI Joint Seminar-Resilience of Concrete Structures-

July 13, 2015
Toshi Center HotelTokyo, JAPANJCI 50th Anniversary Commemorative Symposium

2nd JCI & ACI Joint Seminar-Resilience of Concrete StructuresTime Table
8:50-9:00

July 13, 2015 (Monday)
Welcome and Opening Address(Chair: Hiroshi Mutsuyoshi)
JCI President: Hirozo Mihashi
ACI President: Sharon Wood

9:00-11:45

Session 1: Seismic Design for RC Structures(Chair: Tomoko Ishida)
9:00-9:25 ACI paper #1
Title: Reorganization of the ACI 318-14 Building Code and Changes
in Seismic Design ProvisionsPresenter: Andrew Taylor
Affiliation: KPFF Consulting Engineers, Seattle, USA
9:25-9:50 JCI paper #1
Title: Seismic Design of Headed Bars for Reinforced Concrete Beamcolumn Joints in Japan
Presenter: Hitoshi Shiohara
Affiliation: The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
9:50-10:15 ACI paper #2
Title: Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall RC Core Wall
Building: State of Practice on the West Coast of the U.S.
Presenter: Jeff Dragovich
Affiliation: Consulting Structural Engineer, Seattle, USA
10:15-10:30 Coffee break
10:30-10:55 JCI paper #2
Title: Recent Shaking Table Tests of RC Building Model Structures
Presenter: Hideo Katsumata
Affiliation: Obayashi Corporation, Tokyo, Japan1

10:55-11:20 JCI paper #3
Title: Evaluation of Limit States of RC Columns in Performance-Based
Seismic Design of Bridges
Presenter: Jun-ichi Hoshikuma
Affiliation: Public Works Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
11:20-11:45 ACI paper #3
Title: Experimental Testing of Bridge Columns Using Long Duration
Ground Motions
Presenter: David Sanders
Affiliation: University of Nevada, Reno, USA
11:45-13:00

Lunch

13:00-15:20

Session 2: Assessment and Monitoring of Concrete Structures(Chair: Mitsuyoshi Akiyama)
13:00-13:25 ACI paper #4
Title: Life Extension of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Presenter: James Jirsa
Affiliation: The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
13:25-13:50 JCI paper #4
Title: Structural Health Monitoring for Optimization of Concrete Bridge
Management
Presenter: Tohru Makita
Affiliation: Central Nippon Expressway Company Limited(NEXCO-Central), Nagoya, Japan
13:50-14:15 ACI paper #5
Title: Collapse Simulation of Slab-Column Moment Frame Building
Presenter: Adolfo Matamoros
Affiliation: University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
14:15-14:30 Coffee break
14:30-14:55 JCI paper #5
Title: Image Based Detection for Concrete Fracture
Presenter: Tomohiro Miki
Affiliation: Kobe University, Kobe, Japan2

14:55-15:20 ACI paper #6
Title: Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) for Evaluation and Quality
Control of Concrete Structures
Presenter: Hani Nassif
Affiliation: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
15:20-15:30

Closing Address (Chair: Eisuke Nakamura)
JCI: Kyuichi Maruyama
ACI: Andrew Taylor

15:30

Adjourn Seminar and Group Photo

16:00-17:30

JCI & ACI Planning Meeting3

Map of the Venue for the Seminar
Room 701, Toshi Center Hotel Tokyo, Japan
Address: 2-4-1 Hirakawa-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0093, Japan
Phone: +81(0)3-3265-8211●a 5-minute walk fromNagatacho

Map & Directions URLStation,Tokyo Metro

Toshi Center
Hotel Tokyo

Nagatacho Station,Tokyo Metro

Floor Map of the Venue

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Abstracts and Speakers
ACI paper # 1
Reorganization of the ACI 318-14 Building Code and Changes in Seismic Design
Title:
Provisions
Author:Andrew W. Taylor, PhD, SE, FACI
Affiliation: KPFF Consulting Engineers, Seattle, Washington, USA
ACI 318 Subcommittee H, Seismic Provisions
ABSTRACTThe American Concrete Institute Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, ACI 318-14,
was completely reorganized between the 2011 and 2014 editions. This reorganization wasundertaken to improve the ease-of-use and clarity of the code, and to create a logical framework forfuture additions and revisions to the code.

ACI paper # 2
Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall RC Core Wall Buildings: State of Practice
Title:
on the West Coast of the U.S.
Jeff Dragovich, PhD, SE, FACI
Author:Affiliation: ACI Committee 374 Performance-Based Seismic Design of Concrete Buildings
Consulting Structural Engineer, Seattle, Washington, USAABSTRACTAs an alternative to code-based prescriptive design, engineers are employing a performance-based
seismic design philosophy for the design of tall, reinforced concrete core wall buildings. The various
aspects of the execution of a Performance-Based Seismic Design (PBSD) are presented: Groundmotion selection and scaling, lateral system configuration and detailing, linear and nonlinear
modeling, and acceptance criteria. An overview of available consensus PBSD design guidelines andthe peer review process are also presented.

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ACI paper # 3
Experimental Testing of Bridge Columns using Long Duration Ground Motions
Title:
M. Saeed Mohammed and David H. Sanders
Authors:
Presenter: David H. Sanders, PhD, Professor, FACI
Affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno,Nevada, USA
ABSTRACTThe importance of studying the effect of ground motion duration has been highlighted after the long
duration shaking that occurred in the 2010 Chile earthquake (M8.8) and the 2011 Tohoku earthquake(M9.0) events. Current seismic design codes do not consider duration effects. This might beattributed to the big differences in conclusions of previous research studies with regard to the effectof ground motion duration and number of cycles on structural performance. This paper presents acomprehensive study that uses experimental methods to investigate the ground motion duration
effects. The results of shake table tests of large-scale reinforced concrete bridge columns that aredesigned and tested under long duration ground motions are presented. The study utilizes groundmotion records from both 2010 Chile and 2011 Tohoku earthquakes for shake table input. Moreover,comparisons of the columns structural response with previous tests that used short duration groundmotion records are also discussed.

ACI paper # 4
Life Extension of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Title:
James O. Jirsa, PhD, Professor
Author:The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA
Affiliation:
ABSTRACTOver the past several decades, the rehabilitation of structures in seismic zones has received
considerable attention. Structures with inadequate systems to resist earthquake motions represented
an unacceptable risk and led to many innovative approaches for improving their behavior. The resultsof that research have now been incorporated into documents used in the design of such
improvements. Attention has now turned to more general life extension problems for our aging andoften inadequate infrastructure. The purpose of this presentation is to briefly discuss the lessons
learned from research related to seismic performance and how they can be used to extend the life ofconcrete structures with inadequate resistance to overloads, terrorist actions, and deterioration due
to environmental or occupancy issues. The emphasis will be on research for the use of fiber
reinforced polymers.
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ACI paper # 5Collapse Simulation of Slab-Column Moment Frame Building
Title:
Adolfo B. Matamoros, Anil Suwal, and Andres LepageAuthors:
Presenter:
Affiliation:

Adolfo B. Matamoros, PhD, Professor, P.E., FACI
University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USAABSTRACT
Simulating the response of reinforced concrete buildings near collapse is an essential part of theprocess of evaluating the risk to humans posed by extreme loading events. Several research projects
in the recent past have investigated the behavior of reinforced concrete structural components
subjected to very large deformations, with the goal of improving our ability to simulate theirresponse. New experimental data from component tests has led to the development of component
modeling parameters and element models that can be used to estimate the amount of damage in astructure during an extreme loading event. Furthermore, these component modeling parameters andelement models have been used in projects such as ATC-78 and ATC-114 to identify the featuresthat make buildings more likely to collapse during extreme events.
While this research effort has led to more robust data sets to calibrate component modelingparameters, many inconsistencies and unknowns remain. For example, different levels of uncertainty
in modeling parameters for beams and columns can introduce a significant modeling bias due to thedifference in the level of conservatism between the two. Inconsistencies and unknowns of this nature
can cause distortions in the computed hinge pattern in structures and lead to the calculation ofincorrect collapse mechanisms, which can cause engineers to reach the wrong conclusion about theexpected damage in a structure.
A model was developed to simulate system behavior near collapse of a slab-column moment
frame building which was instrumented during several strong earthquakes. The model was used todevelop a better understanding of the effect of various modeling approaches on system behavior,and to investigate the limitations of the FEMA P65 methodology to evaluate the collapse safetymargin of older buildings.

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ACI paper # 6
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) for Evaluation and Quality Control ofTitle:
Concrete Structures
Author:Affiliation:

Hani Nassif, PhD, P.E., FACI, Professor and Director
Rutgers Infrastructure Monitoring and Evaluation (RIME) Laboratory,
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USAABSTRACT
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of concrete structures during and after construction, as well
as over its service life, has recently become more attractive to owners and consulting engineers.
With the introduction of new materials and construction methods, various types of concrete
structures are being instrumented with monitoring devices to determine their performance as well as
their response to various loading conditions. Among many other objectives, this includes monitoring
concrete performance at the serviceability and durability limit states. Emphasis has been placedon assessment of cracking potential, rebar debonding, measuring time-dependent deformations suchas creep and shrinkage, camber and deflection, evaluation of rebar corrosion, validation of new
design or construction provisions, and calibration of reliability-based design code provisions.
This presentation highlights different projects where various types of instrumentation techniques
used to monitor and test various types of concrete structures during and after construction. For eachcase study, various types of sensors are installed on the concrete structure for field-testing and longterm monitoring. These sensors consist of strain transducers, accelerometers, geophones, vibrating
wire strain gages, settlement sensors, pressure cells, and weigh in motion (WIM) system. Data wascollected to describe the load and resistance parameters to help in the development and calibrationof reliability-based design codes. This presentation also provides an overview of how data fromvarious sensors could be processed to assess the actual behavior of the structure at various stages. Inaddition to implementing SHM procedures, such as data collection, processing, and selection ofsensor technology, SHM was complemented with probabilistic simulation models and future
predictions for long-term performance and assessment. Results of research work are employed toenable agencies such as New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) and NJ Turnpike
Authority (NJTA) to successfully update their design provisions, technical specifications formaterials and construction, and evaluation methods.

8JCI paper # 1
Seismic Design of Headed Bars for Reinforced Concrete Beam-column Joints
Title:in Japan
Author:Affiliation:

Hitoshi Shiohara, FACI, Professor
Department of Architectural Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

ABSTRACT
Building Standard Law and Architectural Institute of Japan do not have structural standards nor
provisions for seismic design, the scope of which includes headed deformed bars, as they areproprietary products and relatively new. Instead headed bars have been approved and used for actual
application after technical reviews by Building Center of Japan and the other technical appraisal
service institutions. They evaluate each proprietary headed bar system by the documents of a)
product specification, b) structural design provisions and experimental verification, c) construction
standard and d) quality assurance protocol. In recent years, headed reinforcing bars are popularly
used as longitudinal reinforcement for large reinforced concrete buildings. The development ofseismic design for such headed bars owes to the intensive research by the industry and the academy
since late 1990's and they are still going on which includes experimental works; i.e. pull out test of
the headed bars embedded in concrete and verification tests of beam-column joint subassemblages
subjected to cyclic loading. The purpose of this presentation is to briefly discuss the seismic designof headed bars reinforcement in Japan, including development length, material strength, head sizeside, clear cover to the head, and recent changes in consideration of column-to-beam flexuralstrength ratio and joint shear reinforcement.

JCI paper # 2
Title:
Author:Affiliation:

Recent Shaking Table Tests of RC Building Model Structures
Hideo Katsumata
Obayashi Corporation, Tokyo, JapanABSTRACT
Shaking table tests of two scaled reinforced concrete building models were carried out in recentyears at E-Defense of Japan. One was a 1/4 scaled high rise building model of 20 storied momentresisting frames, employing kinds of long period and long duration ground motion predicted for
future Nankai Trough Earthquake. The other was a 1/3.3 scaled low rise building model of a 6 storiedwall-frame structure, employing the recorded JMA Kobe 1995 ground motion as a representative
wave of near-field earthquakes.
9From the first test, it was found that structural slabs were fully effective for building strength, which
could be expressed by a detail analysis using non-linear FEM. However, the observed hysteretic
damping after yielding was fairly smaller than the expected by the current design custom, whichcaused smaller and unsafe estimated response than the observed one in the test.
From the second test, collapse process of a wall frame structural system was observed in detail.
Reloading shaking tests before maximum strength did not progress the collapse process, however,shaking tests after maximum strength accelerated the deterioration of structural performance. Safetymargin to the required performance level of the current design codes was estimated to be almost 2.0.
Ultimate drift angle of the first story reached to 16 %, however, the columns never failed in shear
due to severe regulations of the current design codes.

JCI paper # 3
Evaluation of Limit States of RC Columns in Performance-Based Seismic Design
Title:of Bridges
Jun-ichi Hoshikuma
Author:Bridge Structure Research Group, Public Works Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
Affiliation:
ABSTRACTThe performance-based seismic design concept for highway bridges has been introduced since the2002 Design Specifications, and the both design requirements and the conventional detailed design
methods as examples of acceptable solutions have been clarified. The latest Seismic Design
Specifications for Highway Bridges were issued in February 2012 based on lessons learned from the2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and the recent research findings.
This paper focuses on the recent interesting research topics of RC bridge column which have been
stipulated in the 2012 Specifications. The ductility evaluation of reinforced concrete bridge columns
has been researched with many cyclic loading tests for a few decades. Definitions of the limit statesof RC columns are clarified based on the required seismic performance of bridges and a newproposal for an evaluation of the ductility factor for those limit states of RC bridge columns isdeveloped based on many loading test results. Additionally, the cyclic behavior of rectangular thinwall hollow bridge columns with high longitudinal steel ratio subjected to high axial loading isintroduced through some loading tests. Details of structural section and the lateral reinforcing steel
for the rectangular hollow column are discussed for preventing vulnerable failure at the ultimatestage.

10JCI paper # 4
Structural Health Monitoring for Optimization of Concrete Bridge ManagementTitle:
Tohru Makita
Author:Affiliation:

Central Nippon Expressway Company Limited (NEXCO-Central), Nagoya, Japan

ABSTRACT
Recent years have seen growing number of damaged and deteriorated bridges in NEXCO-Central’s
expressways and management of the bridge assets becomes increasingly difficult, while limited
budget and manpower are available for bridge maintenance. Considering society and economy
significantly rely on expressways, providing safe and reliable expressway network is essential for
our lives. In order to keep the expressway bridges in good condition during their planned service
life, bridge maintenance activities such as inspection and evaluation of current condition need to bedone more efficiently.
Since the end of last century, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has been used in civilengineering fields to help engineers understand the state of constructing and existing structures. In
the area of bridge maintenance, SHM is considered to be a promising technology for damage
detection and its optimization has been extensively investigated. As damage detection in in-service
bridges is conventionally performed by visual inspection, if successfully implemented, SHM may
greatly contribute to improvement in bridge maintenance efficiency and reliability because sensorbased SHM can provide us more timely, objective, and quantitative information about damage.
This presentation discusses the applicability of current SHM technologies for concrete bridge
management in NEXCO-Central’s expressways. A role of SHM in concrete bridge management isspecified as a complement to hands-on visual inspection where SHM is expected to detect damage
between inspections. By considering the characteristics of various types of damages observed inconcrete bridges, damage to be detected by SHM is defined as fracture of prestressing tendons.
Results of experimental tests investigating the behavior of prestressed concrete members and theperformance of SHM technologies are reviewed and the limits of SHM are understood. Lastly,utilization of SHM in concrete bridge management is discussed.

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JCI paper # 5
Image Based Detection for Concrete Fracture
Title:Tomohiro Miki, Associate Professor, Dr. Eng.
Author:Affiliation:

Department of Civil Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, JapanABSTRACT
A non-contact measurement technique for the deformation of a target structure has been developed.
Image analysis was carried out during the loading test to measure the strain distribution on the targetstructures. To realize the wide-range application of this method, a microscope, a static digital camera,or a high speed camera was used. One of the examples to present here is an investigation to evaluate
the crack propagation in the cracked concrete that is damaged due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR).
Three-point bending test for single notched concrete beams were carried out in order to determine
the fracture properties of the ASR damaged concrete, i.e. fracture energy and tension-softening
curves. To detect the crack propagation, the image analysis by using a digital image correlation
method was carried out. In this method of image analysis, a region-based matching technique is used
to calculate the displacement of any portion of the concrete surface. As for the macroscopic damage
in the concrete the ASR induced cracks that can be observed on the surface of concrete wereclassified into their widths, lengths and directions. The experiments show that these ASR-inducedcracks affect the crack propagation in the specimen under the bending. The presentation will extend
to the research on compressive failure of the ASR damaged concrete or a heavily fiber reinforced
concrete.

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