2. Data description
2-1 Data source used to compile the Fundamental Statistics(1) Schemes common to the OECD and ILO standards
Name

Organization

PeriodAssociation-Kenpo Health Insurance

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Society-managed Health Insurance

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

National Health Insurance (Including Medical Care System
for Retired Persons)

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Medical Care System for the Elderly in the Latter Stage of Life

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Health and Medical Services for the Aged

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Long-term Care Insurance

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Employees’ Pension Insurance

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Employees’ Pension Funds

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Coal Mining Pension Fund

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

National Pension

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

National Pension Fund

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Farmers’ Pension Fund

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Seamen's Insurance

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Organization,
Employees’ Mutual Aid Association

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries

Every year

Mutual Aid Association of Private School Personnel

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology

Every year

Employment Insurance (Labor Insurance Special Account)

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Workmen's Accident Compensation Insurance

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Child Allowance (Jido Teate)

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

National and Related Public Service Mutual Aid Association

Ministry of Finance Japan

Every year

Existing Associations, etc.
(NTT Corporate Pension Fund, Japan Tobacco Mutual Aid
Association, Japan Railway Mutual Aid Association)

Ministry of Finance Japan

Every year

Local Government Employees' Mutual Aid Association

Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications

Every year

Yahata Mutual Aid Association, etc.

Ministry of Finance Japan

Every year

Government Employees' Accident Compensation

National Personnel Authority

Every year

Local Government Employees' Accident Compensation

Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications

Every year

Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications

Every year

Japan Tobacco Inc. Corporation

Ministry of Finance Japan

Every year

Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology
Agency JNR Settlement Administration Department

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism

Every year

National Public Employees' Pensions

Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications

Every year

Local Public Employees' Pensions

Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications

Every year

Public Corporation Staffs' Accident Compensation
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation,
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone East Corporation,
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation,
NTT Communications Corporationi(1) Schemes common to the OECD and ILO standards (continued)
Name

Organization

PeriodExpenses for Measures Ensuring the Medical Care Delivery
SystemMinistry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Measures Controlling and Preventing
Infectious Diseases

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Measures for Specific Disease Treatment etc.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Measures for the Atomic Bomb Exposed

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Measures for Blood Products

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Measures Ensuring the Provision of Critical
Drugs

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Developing the Foundation of the Medical
Care Delivery System

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Health Promotion Measures

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Promoting Health Risk Management

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Maternal and Child Public Health Service

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Health and Welfare for Persons with
Disabilities

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Policies on Social Security Related to the
Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

National Hansen's Disease Sanatorium Common Expenses

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

National Hansen's Disease Sanatorium Operating Expenses

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Special Temporary Grant for the Smooth Introduction of theElderly Medical System

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Operating Expense for Quarantine

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Special Temporary Grant for Investigation on the Influenceof Nuclear-Power Disaster

Ministry of the Environment

Every year

Expenses for Policies on Cohesive Society Related to the
Recovery/Reconstruction from the Great East Japan
Earthquake (Preventive Measures against Local Suicide)

Cabinet OfficeEvery year

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Promoting Safety Measures for Drugs etc.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Nursery School Operating Expenses

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Preventive Measures against Child Abuse

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Public HealthPublic AssistanceSocial Welfare

Expenses for Maternal and Child Public Health Service

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Measures for Fatherless and Other Families

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Promoting Community Welfare

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Miscellaneous Expenses for Disaster Relief etc.

Cabinet OfficeEvery year

Miscellaneous Expenses for Social Welfare

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Health and Welfare for Persons with
Disabilities

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Promoting Daily-life Support Measures for the
Elderly

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

National Rehabilitation Facility Common Expenses

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Policies on Social Security Related to the
Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake

Cabinet OfficeEvery yearii

(1) Schemes common to the OECD and ILO standards (continued)
Name
Employment Measures

Organization

PeriodMinistry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Employment Stabilization and Promotion of Older Persons,etc.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Vocational Skills Development for Persons
with Disabilities

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Vocational Skills Development andImprovement

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Pensions to Surviving Families and Ex-servicemen

Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications

Every year

Expenses for Support of War-bereaved and Families of
the UnrepatriatedMinistry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Support Measures for Japanese Remaining
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
in China etc.

Every year

Subsidy Bonds Issued to the Surviving Families of the War
Dead, Wounded and Sick Retired Soldiers, and theMinistry of Finance Japan
Repatriated after the War, in lieu of Cash Benefits,
Consolation Payments, and Grants

Every year

Aid for Free Ride for Wounded and Sick Retired Soldiers Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism
and Others

Every year

Aid for War Victims

Other Schemes
Relief System for Sufferers from Adverse Drug Reactions

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Relief System for Sufferers from Diseases Infected from
Biological Products

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Small-and-medium Size Enterprise Retirement Allowance
Mutual Aid System, etc.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Mutual Aid System for the Retirement Allowance for theStaff of Social Welfare Institutions etc. (Mutual Aid
System for the Retirement Allowance for the Staff of Social Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
Welfare Institutions and Others, Pension Insurance for
Disabled People)

Every year

Japan Organization for Employment of the Elderly, Persons
with Disabilities and Job Seekers

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Pollution-related Health Damage Compensation System

Ministry of the Environment

Every year

Asbestos Health Damage Relief System

Ministry of the Environment

Every year

Japan Sport Council Mutual Aid Benefit

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology

Every year

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology

Every year

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism

Every year

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism

Every year

Benefit System for Crime Victims

National Police Agency

Every year

Disaster Victims Livelihood Recovery Support System

Cabinet OfficeEvery year

Local Government Expenditure on Medical Care Exclusively
Financed by Local Revenue

Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications

Every year

School Expense Assistance/Pre-primary Education
Expenses for the Primary and Secondary Education etc.
(School Expense Assistance etc.)
Support for Those Suffering from Residual Disability from
Automobile Accidents
Housing
Miscellaneous Expenses for Measures against Housing
Problemsiii

(1) Schemes common to the OECD and ILO standards (continued)
Name

Organization

PeriodPublic HealthExpenses for Ensuring Safety in Medical Care

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Promoting Transplantation Therapy

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Measures for Community Health

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Health and Sanitation Facility Maintenance Fee

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Quarantine Station Common Expenses

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Operating Expense for Quarantine of Imported Food

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

National Hansen's Disease Sanatorium Facility Fee

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Okinawa Health and Sanitation Facility Maintenance Fee

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Okinawa Promoting

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Projects on Social Security Related to the
Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Measures for Community Health Related to the
Recovery/Reconstruction from the Great East Japan
Earthquake

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Health and Sanitation Facility Maintenance Fee Related to the
Recovery/Reconstruction from the Great East Japan
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
Earthquake

Every year

Social Welfare
Child Welfare Facility Maintenance Fee

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Supporting Children and Child Rearing

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual
Disabilities Nozominosono Operating Expenses

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual
Disabilities Nozominosono Facility Maintenance Fee

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Social Welfare Institution Maintenance Fee

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Welfare and Medical Service Agency Operating Expenses

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Promoting the Administration of the Long-term
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
Care Insurance System

Every year

National Rehabilitation Facility Fee

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Promoting Recovery from the Great East Japan
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
Earthquake

Every year

Expenses for Projects on Temporary Welfare Benefits

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Projects on Social Security Related to the
Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Policies on Social Security Related to the
Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Supporting Vocational Skills Development for
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
Youth and Others

Every year

Expenses for Policies on Social Security Related to the
Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Special Temporary Grant for Creating Immediate
Employment Opportunities

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Employment Measuresiv

(2) OECD standard only
Name

Organization

PeriodEmployment Measures
Prefectural Labor Bureau Common Expenses

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Prefectural Labor Bureau Facility Fee

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Expenses for Carrying Out Employment Placement
Businesses etc.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Every year

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology

Every year

Institute for Health Economics andPolicyEvery year

School Expense Assistance/Pre-primary Education
Pre-primary Education Expenses
HealthPublic Health Expenditure Based on SHA 2011
Notes:
1. Listed in the first column is the name of the scheme or the name of each project's item of the settlement of account.
2. Projects listed below the double line of (1) are the ones that add up only “administrative costs” or “others” under the ILO
standard.
3. For Health expenditures under the OECD standard, public health care expenditure which is based on the OECD SHA2011 isadopted. The data for latest year is estimated value.

v

2-2 Social security schemes contained in Social Expenditure 1
Category
Old age

OECD Definition

Examples in Japan

Old-age comprises all cash expenditures(including lump sum payments) on old-age
pensions. Old age cash benefits provide an
income for persons retired from the labour
market or guarantee incomes when a person hasreached a ‘standard’ pensionable age or fulfilled
the necessary contributory requirements. This
category also includes early retirement
pensions: pensions paid before the beneficiaryhas reached the standard' pensionable age
relevant to the programme.
Excluded are programmes concerning early
retirement for labour market reasons which areclassified under "Unemployment." Old age also
includes social expenditure on services for theelderly people, services such as day care andrehabilitation services, home-help services andother benefits in kind. It also includes
expenditure on the provision of residential carein an institution.

 Long-term Care Insurance: Old age care services, Old
age care prevention services, etc.
 Employees' Pension Insurance: Old age pension, etc.
 Employees' Pension Funds: Pension benefits, etc.
 Coal Mining Pension Fund: Pension benefits, etc.
 National Pension: Old age pension, etc.
 National Pension Fund: Pension benefits, etc.
 Farmers' Pension Fund: Retirement pension benefits,etc.
 Seamen's Insurance: Miscellaneous benefits, etc.
 Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Organization,
Employees' Mutual Aid Association: Retirement
pension, etc.
 Mutual Aid Association of Private School Personnel:
Retirement mutual aid pension, etc.
 National and Related Public Service Mutual Aid
Association: Retirement benefits, etc.
 Existing Associations, etc.: Retirement benefits, etc.
 Local Government Employees' Mutual Aid
Association: Retirement benefits, etc.
 Yahata Mutual Aid Association, etc.: Retirement
benefits, etc.
 National Public Employees' Pensions: Pension and
Gratuity benefits
 Local Public Employees' Pensions: Pension and
Gratuity benefits Public Health: Measures for atomic bomb survivors,etc.
 Public Assistance: Long-term care assistance, etc.
 Social Welfare: Promotion of the daily life support for
the elderly, etc.
 Small-and-medium Size Enterprise Retirement
Allowance Mutual Aid System, etc.: Retirement
benefits, etc.
 Mutual Aid System for the Retirement Allowance for
the Staff of Social Welfare Institutions etc.:
Retirement benefitsvi2-2 Social security schemes contained in Social Expenditure (continued)
Category
Survivors

OECD Definition

Examples in Japan

Survivors
comprisessocialexpenditure
programmes in the public sphere which provide
the spouse or dependent of a deceased personwith a benefit (either in cash or in kind).
Allowances and supplements for dependent
children of the recipient of a survivors’ benefit
are also recorded here.

 Association-Kenpo Health Insurance: Funeral service
fees, etc.
 Society-managed Health Insurance: Funeral service
fees, etc.
 National Health Insurance: Funeral service fees Medical Care System for the Elderly in the Latter
Stage of Life: Funeral service fees
 Employees' Pension Insurance: Survivors’ pension
benefits
 National Pension: Survivors' basic pension, etc.
 Seamen's Insurance: Survivors’ pension benefits,
Funeral service fees, etc.
 Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Organization,
Employees' Mutual Aid Association: Survivors’
pension benefits, etc.
 Mutual Aid Association of Private School Personnel:
Survivors' mutual aid pension, Funeral service fees,etc.
 Workmen's Accident Compensation Insurance:
Funeral service fee, etc.
 National and Related Public Service Mutual Aid
Association: Survivors’ pension benefits, Funeralservice fees, etc.
 Existing Associations, etc.: Survivors’ pension benefits
 Local Government Employees' Mutual Aid
Association: Survivors' benefits, Funeral service fees,etc.
 Yahata Mutual Aid Association, etc.: Survivors'
benefits
 Government Employees' Accident Compensation:
Funeral compensation
 Local Government Employees' Accident
Compensation: Funeral compensation
 Public Corporation Staffs' Accident Compensation:
Funeral compensation
 Public Health: Expenses for infectious disease control,etc.
 Public Assistance: Funeral assistance Aid for War Victims: Survivors’ pension benefits,
Funeral service fees, etc.
 Relief System for Sufferers from Adverse Drug
Reactions: Survivors’ pension benefits, Funeral service
fees, etc.
 Relief System for Sufferers from Diseases Infectedfrom Biological Products: Survivors’ pension benefits Mutual Aid System for the Retirement Allowance for
the Staff of Social Welfare Institutions etc.:
Condolence payments, etc.
 Pollution-related Health Damage Compensation
System: Survivors' compensation, Funeral service fees,etc.
 Asbestos Health Damage Relief System: Special
survivor condolence payments, etc.
 Japan Sport Council Mutual Aid Benefit: Consolation
payments for death, etc.
 Benefit System for Crime Victims: Survivors’ pension
benefitsvii

2-2 Social security schemes contained in Social Expenditure (continued)
Category

OECD Definition

Examples in Japan

Incapacity-related
benefits

Disability cash benefits comprise of cash
payments on account of complete or partial
inability to participate gainfully in the labour
market due to disability. The disability may becongenital, or the result of an accident or illness
during the victim's lifetime.
Spending on Occupational injury and disease
records all cash payments such as paid sickleave, special allowances and disability related
payments such as pensions, if they are related toprescribe occupational injuries and diseases.
Sickness cash benefits related to loss of earning
because of the temporary inability to work due
to illness are also recorded. This excludes paid
leave related to sickness or injury of adependent child which is recorded under family
cash benefits. All expenditure regarding the
public provision of health care is recorded underhealth. Social expenditure on services for thedisabled people encompasses services such as
day care and rehabilitation services, home-help
services and other benefits in kind.

 Association-Kenpo Health Insurance: Employee
sickness payments
 Society-managed Health Insurance: Employee
sickness payments, etc.
 Employees' Pension Insurance: Disability pension
benefits, etc.
 National Pension: Disability basic pension, etc.
 Seamen's Insurance: Disability pension benefits, etc.
 Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Organization,
Employees' Mutual Aid Association: Disability
pension benefits, etc.
 Mutual Aid Association of Private School Personnel:
Disability mutual aid pension benefits, etc.
 Workmen's Accident Compensation Insurance:
Disability pension benefits, Survivors’ pension
benefits, etc.
 National and Related Public Service Mutual Aid
Association: Disability pension benefits, etc.
 Existing Associations, etc.: Disability pension
benefits, etc.
 Local Government Employees' Mutual Aid
Association: Disability pension benefits, etc.
 Yahata Mutual Aid Association, etc.: Disability
pension benefits, etc.
 Government Employees' Accident Compensation:
Disability pension benefits, Survivors’ pension
benefits, Home help service, etc.
 Local Government Employees' Accident
Compensation: Disability pension benefits, Survivors’
pension benefits, Rehabilitation, etc.
 Public Corporation Staffs' Accident Compensation:
Disability pension benefits, Survivors’ pension
benefits, etc.
 Public Health: Expenses for infectious disease control,
Expenses for maternal and child health/ sanitation
measures, etc.
 Social Welfare: Various kinds of social welfare
expenses, etc.
 Aid for War Victims: Medical care benefits, etc.
 Relief System for Sufferers from Adverse Drug
Reactions: Disability pension, etc.
 Relief System for Sufferers from Diseases Infectedfrom Biological Products: Medical allowance, etc.
 Mutual Aid System for the Retirement Allowance for
the Staff of Social Welfare Institutions etc.: Disability
pension benefits, etc.
 Pollution-related Health Damage Compensation
System: Disability benefits, Rehabilitation, etc.
 Asbestos Health Damage Relief System: Medical carebenefits
 Japan Sport Council Mutual Aid Benefit: Consolation
payments for disability, etc.
 Support for Those Suffering from Residual Disability
from Automobile Accidents: Care expenses, etc.
 Benefit System for Crime Victims: Disability
benefits, etc.

viii

2-2 Social security schemes contained in Social Expenditure (continued)
Category

OECD Definition

Examples in Japan

HealthThis category includes benefits in kind for
medical care spent for treatment and does notinclude sickness and injury allowance.

Public health expenditure based on SHA 2011.
Data for the latest year is preliminary figure, the others
are definite figures.

FamilyFamily includes expenditure which supports
families (i.e. excluding one-person households).
This expenditure is often related to the costs
associated with raising children or with thesupport of other dependents. Expenditure
related to maternity and parental leave isgrouped under the family cash benefits subcategory.

 Association-Kenpo Health Insurance: Lump sum
payments for maternity and parental leave, etc.
 Society-managed Health Insurance: Lump sum
payments for maternity leave, etc.
 National Health Insurance: Various expenses formaternity and childcare, etc.
 Seamen's Insurance: Lump sum payments for maternity
leave, etc.
 Mutual Aid Association of Private School Personnel:
Maternity allowance, etc.
 Employment Insurance: Parental leave benefits, Careleave benefits, etc.
 Workmen's Accident Compensation Insurance:
Expenses for work-life balance promotion
 Child Allowance (Jido Teate) ：Cash benefits, etc.
 National and Related Public Service Mutual Aid
Association: Parental leave benefits, Care leave
benefits, etc.
 Local Government Employees' Mutual Aid
Association: Parental leave benefits, Care leave
benefits, etc.
 Public Health: Expenses for infectious disease control Public Assistance: Maternity assistance, Education
assistance Social Welfare: Child rearing allowances, Operating
cost of nursery, etc.
 Relief System for Sufferers from Adverse Drug
Reactions: Pension benefits for children withdisabilities, etc.
 School Expense Assistance/Pre-primary Education:
Expenses for supporting school attendance

Active labour
marketprogrammes

Active labour market programmes - contains all
social expenditure (other than education) which
is aimed at the improvement of thebeneficiaries’ prospect of finding gainful
employment or to otherwise increase theirearnings capacity. This category includes
spending on public employment services andadministration, labour market training, special
programmes for youth when in transition fromschool to work, labour market programmes toprovide or promote employment for unemployed
and other persons (excluding young anddisabled persons) and special programmes forthe disabled.

ix

 Employment Insurance: Employment placementbusiness implementation cost, Education training
benefits, Expenses for vocational skills development
for persons with disabilities, etc.
 Employment Measures: Expenses for vocational skills
development and improvement, Employment
stabilization and promotion for older persons, etc.
 Japan Organization for Employment of the Elderly,
Persons with Disabilities and Job Seekers: Allowancefor employing persons with disabilities, etc.

2-2 Social security schemes contained in Social Expenditure (continued)
Category

OECD Definition

Examples in Japan

Unemployment

This category includes all cash expenditure topeople compensating for unemployment. This
includes redundancy payments out of publicresources as well as pensions to beneficiaries
before they reach the 'standard' pensionable age ifthese payments are made because they are out ofwork or otherwise for reasons of labour market
policy.

 Employment Insurance 2: Job applicants' benefits,
Job applicants' benefits for the elderly, Vocational
training benefits, etc.
 Workmen's Accident Compensation Insurance:
Compensation for unpaid wages
 Employment Measures: Employment stabilizationand promotion of older persons

Housing

Rent subsidies and other benefits to theindividual to help with housing costs. This
includes direct public subsidies to tenants
earmarked for support with the cost of housing.
SOCX also reports direct housing provision to
the elderly, disabled, low income families, but
excludes mortgage relief (fiscal), (capital-)
subsidies towards the construction of housing
support or implicit subsidies.
By convention, all housing benefits are classified
as in-kind benefit as they are earmarked
expenditures.

 Public Assistance: Housing assistance Housing: Public housing rent subsidy

Other social
policy areas

This category includes social benefits which falloutside the scope of the categories listed above.
Specifically, these are public assistance benefits
and any benefits in kind, which cannot be
categorized into other categories.

 National Health Insurance: Miscellaneous benefits Mutual Aid Association of Private School Personnel:
Accident benefits, etc.
 Employment Insurance: Expenses for creating local
employment opportunities, Expenses for supporting
vocational ability development
 National and Related Public Service Mutual Aid
Association: Accident benefits, etc.
 Local Government Employees' Mutual Aid
Association: Accident benefits Public Health: Assistance for residents affected by the
nuclear Incidents, etc.
 Public Assistance: Livelihood assistance,
Occupational assistance Social Welfare: Support for victims of natural
disasters, Expenses for child abuse prevention, etc.
 Employment Measures: Special temporary grant for
creating immediate employment opportunities
 Aid for War Victims: Assistance for repatriates, etc.
 Japan Sport Council Mutual Aid Benefit: Special
condolence money for victims of the great east Japan
earthquake, etc.
 Disaster Victims Livelihood Recovery Support
System: Expenses for support funds

Notes:
1. Expenditure of some project's items are not necessarily added on one policy area but separately added on two or more policy
areas.
2. Maternity and parental leave benefits under the employment insurance are categorized as "Family". Training subsidies are
categorized as "Active labour market programmes".

x

2-3 Social security schemes contained in Social Benefit by category
Category
Social Insurance

Name

Breakdown list if the program has several components

Association-Kenpo Health Insurance-Society-managed Health Insurance-

National Health Insurance(Including Medical Care System
for Retired Persons)-

Medical Care System for the Elderlyin the Latter Stage of Life-

Health and Medical Services for the
Aged-Long-term Care Insurance-

Employees' Pension Insurance-

Employees' Pension Funds-

Coal Mining Pension Fund-

National Pension-

National Pension Fund-

Farmers' Pension Fund-

Seamen's Insurance-

Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery
Organization, Employees' Mutual
Aid Association-

Mutual Aid Association of Private
School Personnel-

Employment Insurance-

Workmen's Accident Compensation
Insurance-

Family AllowanceChild Allowance-

Public Employees

National and Related Public Service
Mutual Aid Association-

Existing Associations, etc.

NTT Corporate Pension Funds, Japan Tobacco Mutual Aid
Association, Japan Railways Group Mutual Aid Association

Local Government Employees'
Mutual Aid Association

Local Government Employees' Mutual Aid, etc.

Yahata Mutual Aid Association, etc.

Yahata Mutual Aid Association , Subsidies for Federation of
National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Association, etc.

Government Employees' Accident
Compensation-

Local Government Employees'
Accident Compensation

Local Government Employees' Accident Compensation, etc.

Public Corporation Staffs' Accident
Compensation

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Japan Tobacco
Inc. Corporation, Japan Railway Construction, Transport andTechnology Agency JNR Settlement Administration
Department, etc.

National Public Employees' Pensions-

Local Public Employees' Pensions-

Public HealthExpenses for Measures Ensuring the Medical Care Delivery
System, Expenses for Infectious Disease Control, Expenses
for Measures for the Atomic Bomb Exposed, Expenses forMaternal and Child Public Health Service, etc.

Public HealthServicexi

2-3 Social security schemes contained in Social Benefit by category (continued)
Category
Public Assistanceand Social Welfare

Employment
Measures

Name
Public Assistance-Social Welfare

Expenses for Promoting Safety Measures for Drugs etc.,
Nursery School Operating Expenses, Expenses for Preventive
Measures against Child Abuse, Expenses for Measures for
Fatherless and Other Families, Expenses for Health andWelfare for Persons with Disabilities, etc.

Employment Measures

Employment Stabilization and Promotion of Older Persons,etc., Expenses for Vocational Skills Development for Persons
with Disabilities, etc.

Aid for War Victims

Expenses for Vocational Skills Development for Persons with
Disabilities, Expenses for Support of War-bereaved andFamilies of the Unrepatriated, Expenses for Support
Measures for Japanese Remaining in China etc., etc.

Relief System for Sufferers fromAdverse Drug Reactions-

Relief System for Sufferers from
Diseases Infected from Biological
Products-

Small-and-medium Size Enterprise
Retirement Allowance Mutual Aid
System, etc.

-

Mutual Aid System for the
Retirement Allowance for the Staffof Social Welfare Institutions etc.

Mutual Aid System for the Retirement Allowance for the Staffof Social Welfare Institutions, Insurance System to Provide
Life-long Pensions for People with Disabilities

Japan Organization for Employmentof the Elderly, Persons with
Disabilities and Job Seekers

Allowance for Employing Persons with Disabilities, etc.

Pollution-related Health Damage
Compensation System-

Asbestos Health Damage Relief
System-Japan Sport Council Mutual Aid
Benefit-

School Expense Assistance/Preprimary Education

Expenses for the Primary and Secondary Education etc.
(School Expense Assistance)

Support for Those Suffering from
Residual Disability from
Automobile Accidents-

Public Housing Rent Subsidy

Miscellaneous Expenses for Measures against Housing
Problems

Benefit System for Crime Victims-

Disaster Victims Livelihood
Recovery Support System-

Local Government Expenditure on
Medical Care Exclusively Financed
by Local Revenue-

Aid for War
Victims

Other Schemes

Breakdown list if the program has several components

Note: Some schemes and projects are categorized in only Administrative costs or Others.

xii

2-4 Social security schemes contained in Social Benefit by functional category
Category

ILO Definitions

Examples in Japan

Old age 1

This function covers all benefits paid topersons who have withdrawn from thelabour market due to retirement.
Old-age benefits are payable to persons
who meet a certain number ofqualifying conditions.

 Long-term Care Insurance: Old age care services,
Old age care preventive services, etc.
 Employees' Pension Insurance: Old-age pension,
Withdrawal allowances, etc.
 National Pension: Old-age pension, Old-age welfare
pension, Lump sum withdrawal payments for foreign
people, etc.
 Employees' Pension Funds, Farmers' Pension Fund:
Old-age pension, etc.
 Social Welfare: Funds for promoting daily life
support for the elderly, etc.
 Mutual Aid Associations: Retirement mutual aid
pension, etc.
 Various gratuities for retired public employees Small-and-medium Size Enterprise Retirement
Allowance Mutual Aid System, etc.: Severance
benefits Mutual Aid System for the Retirement Allowance for
the Staff of Social Welfare Institutions etc.:
Severance allowances

Survivors 2This function covers benefits arisingfrom the death of a protected person.

 National Health Insurance: Support for funeral
expenses
 Employees' Pension Insurance: Survivors' pension
 National Pension: Survivors' basic pension, Lump
sum payments for survivors
 Mutual Aid Associations: Survivors' pension, Lump
sum payments for survivors, Support for funeral
expenses Aid for War Victims : Survivors' pension, etc.
 Relief System for Sufferers from Adverse Drug
Reactions : Survivors' pension, Survivor's lump sum
payments, Funeral service expenses
 Relief System for Sufferers from Diseases Infectedfrom Biological Products : Survivors' pension,
Survivor's lump sum payments, Funeral service
expenses Pollution-related Health Damage Compensation
System : Survivors' compensation, Survivor's lumpsum payments, Funeral service expenses
 Asbestos Health Damage Relief System : Special
survivor condolence money, Funeral service expense Japan Sport Council Mutual Aid Benefit :Consolation payments for death, etc.
 Benefit System for Crime Victims : Survivors'
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2-4 Social security schemes contained in Social Benefit by functional category (continued)
Category

ILO Definitions

Examples in Japan

Invalidity benefits

This function covers any benefit arisingfrom the partial or total inability of aprotected person to participate in gainful
employment due to a non-occupational
chronic condition owing to disease or
injury or by reason of the loss of amember or a function.

 Employee's Pension Insurance: Disability pension,
Disability allowances National Pension: Disability pension, Disability basic
pension Mutual Aid Associations: Disability pension
 Public Health: Measures for atomic bomb survivors,etc.
 Social Welfare: Special allowance for persons withdisabilities, Expenses for the services and supports
for persons with disability Act, etc.
 Relief System for Sufferers from Adverse Drug
Reactions: Disability pension, etc.
 Relief System for Sufferers from Diseases Infectedfrom Biological Products: Disability pension, etc.
 Pollution-related Health Damage Compensation
System: Disability compensation, Medical careallowances, etc.
 Asbestos Health Damage Relief System: Medicalcare allowance Japan Sport Council Mutual Aid Benefit: Consolation
payment for disability
 Support for Those Suffering from Residual Disability
from Automobile Accidents: Care expenses etc.,
Outsourcing expenses for custodial care business,
Facility maintenance expenses
 Benefit System for Crime Victims: Benefit forserious wounds or sickness etc.

Employment injury

This function covers any benefit paid bya work injury program for work-related
injury, disease, incapacity and death ofa protected person. It also covers theinjury, disease, incapacity and death ofa protected person occurring evenfollowing the cessation of theemployment which caused the state.

Payment under the workmen's accident compensation,
Government employees' accident compensation
insurance

Sickness and health 3This function covers any benefit
provided with a view to maintaining,
restoring or improving the health of theperson protected and his ability to workand to attend to his personal need. It
includes benefits paid for the loss ofearnings due to absence from work
necessitated by an acute condition due
to disease or injury requiring medical
treatment or supervision.

 Association-Kenpo Health Insurance, Societymanaged Health Insurance, National Health
Insurance: Medical care benefit, Sickness and injury
allowance, Specific medical checkups and counselingin health insurance schemes, etc.
 Mutual Aid Associations: Short-term (medical)
benefit, Temporary absence from work benefit
 Public Health: Infectious disease control, Measures
for specific disease, Measures for atomic bomb
survivors
 Social Welfare: Expenses for health care and welfare
measures for people with physical disabilities,
Maternal and child health/hygiene measures, etc.
 Local Government Expenditure on Medical Care
Exclusively Financed by Local Revenue

xiv2-4 Social security schemes contained in Social Benefit by functional category (continued)
Category

ILO Definitions

Examples in Japan

Family benefits

This function covers benefits which areprovided to families in order to meetwith costs and needs related to childraising and the support of otherdependents.
Generally family benefits are provided
for children up to a certain age limit.

 Association-Kenpo Health Insurance, Societymanaged Health Insurance, National Health
Insurance: Various expenses for maternity andchildcare, lump-sum payment for maternity leave,etc.
 Employment Insurance etc.: Maternity leave benefit,
Family-care leave benefit Child Allowance (Jido Teate): Benefit, Child welfare
service, etc.
 Mutual Aid Associations: Various expenses formaternity and childcare, Parental leave benefit,
Family-care leave benefit
 Public Health: Pension for children with disabilities,
supplemental benefits for long-term care
 Social Welfare: Special allowance for child rearing,Child rearing allowance, Operating costs of nurseryschool School Expense Assistance

Unemployment

This function covers any benefit
provided to a protected person arisingfrom the loss of gainful employment.

 Employment Insurance 4: Jobseeker allowance,
Allowance for employment maintenance,
Employment stabilization business 5.
 Employment Measures: Employment stabilizationand promotion of older persons, etc.

Housing

Benefits provided (on a means-tested
basis) to assist with the cost of
housing.

 Public Assistance: Housing assistance Public Housing Rent Subsidy

Social assistance andothersBenefits in cash or in kind provided toindividuals or certain targeted groups
who require specific assistance in orderto obtain a defined minimum level ofincome and to meet minimum
subsistence requirements. The majorityof these benefits are provided on ameans-tested basis to individuals w
hose income(whether from active employment orfrom pension benefits) falls below thepoverty line level.

 Mutual Aid Associations: Benefits for victims ofnatural disaster, etc.
 Public Assistance 6: Various aids
 Social Welfare: Support for victims of natural
disaster Disaster Victims Livelihood Recovery Support
System: Expenses for support funds

Notes:
1. Medical expenses for elderly are included in the "Sickness and health" category.
2. Of pensions paid to survivors, expenditures provided from the accident compensation scheme are included in the "Employment
injury" category.
3. Expenditures provided from the workmen's accident compensation scheme are included in the "Employment injury" category.
Medical aid in public assistance is included in the "Social assistance and others" category.
4. Maternity leave benefit and family- care leave benefit in continuous employment are included in "Family".
5. Employment stabilization business includes benefits paid for the incumbent and employers, as well as for the unemployed.
6. Housing aid in public assistance is included in the "Housing" category.

xv