PKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࠾ࡼࡧ⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜ㐃ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳ
UN Responses to the Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Peacekeeping Operations Personnel
ᆏᮏ୍ஓ
SAKAMOTO KazuyaI ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
1 ᅜ㐃ࡢᖹ࿴⥔ᣢάື(PKO)࡟࠾ࡅࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࠾ࡼࡧ⹢ᚅ(Sexual Exploitation and Abuse)෭ᡓ⤊⤖௨㝆ࠊᅜ㝿♫఍ࡀᑐᛂࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࡿṊຊ⣮தࡀෆᡓࡸ」ྜᆺṊຊ⣮த࡬࡜ኚ໬ࡍࡿ࡟క࠸ࠊᅜ㐃ࡢᖹ࿴⥔ᣢάືࡣఏ⤫ⓗ࡞೵ᡓࡸ㌷ࡢ᧔㏥ࡢ┘ど࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ㑅ᣲ┘どࡸἲࡢᨭ㓄ࡢᨭ᥼࡜࠸ࡗࡓᖹ࿴ᵓ⠏άືࠊே㐨ᨭ᥼ࡸᩥẸࡢಖㆤ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⣮தᚋ♫఍ࡢ෌ᵓ⠏࡟ᐦ᥋࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ࡬࡜ࡑࡢ௵ົࢆከᵝ໬ࡉࡏ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
2018 ᖺ 11 ᭶ᮎ⌧ᅾࠊPKO ࡣ 14 ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ124 ࠿ᅜ࠿ࡽ 10 ୓ே௨ୖࡢせဨ㸦ྖ௧㒊せဨ⣙
2 ༓ே࡟ຍ࠼ࠊྛᅜ࠿ࡽὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡿ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨࢆྵࡴ㌷஦せဨ⣙ 7 ୓ 5 ༓ேࠊྛᅜ࠿ࡽὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡿ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ(uniformed police unit)ࢆྵࡴ㆙ᐹせဨ⣙ 1 ୓ 1 ༓ேࠊ⌧ᆅ⫋ဨ࣭ᅜ㐃࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔(UN volunteer)࡞࡝ࢆྵ
ࡴᩥẸせဨ 1 ୓ 4 ༓ே㸧ࡀ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢつᶍࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ1ࠋࡲࡓࠊ2000 ᖺ࡟᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓᏳಖ⌮Ỵ㆟ 13252ࡀ PKO ࡟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢᙺ๭࡜㈉⊩ࡢᣑ኱ࢆồࡵ࡚௨㝆ࠊPKO ࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿせဨ㸦௨ୗࠊPKO せဨ㸧࡟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶࡢ๭ྜࡣቑ࠼ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᅽಽⓗ࡟⏨ᛶࡀከ࠸≧ἣ࡟ኚ໬ࡣ࡞࠸㸦㌷஦せဨ 4.2㸣ࠊ㆙ᐹせဨ 12.1㸣
࡛࠶ࡾࠊ඲య࡛ࡶ 5.1㸣࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸3㸧ࠋࡑࡢ௵ົࡢኚ໬ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊPKO ࡀὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣᅜᐙไᗘࡀᔂቯࡋࠊࡲࡓࡣࠊᶵ⬟ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᆅ
ᇦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᨭ᥼ࡸಖㆤࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿఫẸࡣࠊ≉࡟ࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࣭㌟యⓗ࣭⢭⚄ⓗ࡟⬤ᙅ࡞❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡿዪᛶࡸᏊ࡝ࡶ࡛
࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᆅᇦࡢ⣮த࡛ࡣᡓதࡢᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ᛶⓗᭀຊࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ
ከ࠸4ࠋྖἲไᗘࡸ♫఍ไᗘࡀᔂቯࡋࠊዪᛶࡸᏊ࡝ࡶࡀᐙ᪘ࡸᆅᇦඹྠయ࠿ࡽࡢᨭ᥼ࡸಖㆤࢆཷࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸୰࡛ࠊ
ᴟᗘࡢ㈋ᅔ≧ែ࡟࠾࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤒῭ⓗせᅉࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡸዪᛶࡸᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᗈ⠊࡞ᕪูࡸேᶒ౵ᐖࡀ
୍⯡໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊᙉ࠿ࢇࠊே㌟኎㈙ࠊ኎࠸ࢇ࡞࡝ࡢᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡸࡍ࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿ5ࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࠊ
୺࡟⏨ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ PKO せဨࡀከᩘὴ㐵ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ௵ົ㐙⾜ࡢ㐣⛬࡛⌧ᆅࡢఫẸ࡜㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊPKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢၥ㢟ࡀ㢧ᅾ໬ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ6ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊPKO せဨࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜࠺ࡢࡣࠊ୺࡟ࠊࡑࡢಶேⓗ㈨㉁࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀࠊࡑࢀ௨እ࡟ PKO せဨࢆྲྀࡾᕳ
ࡃ♫఍ⓗࠊᩥ໬ⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗせᅉࡶᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ⌧ᆅࡢዪᛶࡣ⮬ᅜࡢዪᛶࡼࡾࡶຎ఩
ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࡓࡵᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜࠺ࡀࠊ⮬ᅜ࡛ࡣ PKO せဨࡣ㈙᫓ࡋࡓࡾࠊ㈋ࡋ࠸ዪᛶࢆᛶⓗᦢྲྀࡋࡓࡾࡣࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࡢሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡿ7ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ PKO せဨࡢὴ㐵ᅜ࡜⌧ᆅࡢே✀ࠊᩥ໬ࠊゝㄒ➼ࡢ┦㐪ࡸ⌧ᆅࡢఫẸ࡜ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ᱁ᕪࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆቑ㛗ࡉࡏࡿせᅉ࡟࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ8ࠋ
2 ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙ᐶᐜᨻ⟇ࡢ᥇⏝1

ᅜ㐃PKO ᒁ(DPKO)ࡀබ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࡿࠋDPKO, “United Nations Peacekeeping, Data”, at
https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/data㸦௨ୗࠊᮏ✏࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖࡢ㈨ᩱ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡣ2018 ᖺ12 ᭶ 25 ᪥࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧
2
UN Doc. S/RES/1325 (31 October 2000), para.4.
3ヲ⣽࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊDPKO, “United Nations Peacekeeping, Data: Gender”, at https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/gender.࡞࠾ࠊ1957 ᖺ࠿ࡽ1989 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫࡛㌷஦せဨ࡟༨ࡵࡿዪᛶࡢ๭ྜࡣ 0.1㸣࡟㐣ࡂࡎࠊ1993 ᖺࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡶ1㸣⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋSee O. Simic,
Regulation of Sexual Conduct in UN Peacekeeping Operation (Springer, 2012), p.18.
4
R. S. Burke, Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by UN Military Contingents: Moving beyond the Current Status Quo andResponsibility under International Law (Brill, 2014) [hereinafter Burke (2014)], p.4; V. Kent, “Protecting civilians from UN
peacekeepers and humanitarian workers: Sexual exploitation and abuse”, in C. Aoi, C. de Coning & R. Thakur eds., The“Unintended” Consequences of Peace Operations (United Nations University Press, 2007), pp.51-52.
5
P. Higate, “Case Studies: The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone”, Gender and Peacekeeping MonographNo.91 (Institute for Security Studies, 2003), p.7. See Burke (2014), p.6.
6
O. Simic, op. cit., pp.31-38.
7
Higata, op. cit., p.13.
8
Melanie O'Brien, Criminalising Peacekeepers: Modernising National Approaches to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (Palgrave
Macmillan, 2017), pp.19-21.

-1-࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓࡢᡓ୰࣭ᡓᚋࡢ౛࡛ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㌷㝲ᵓᡂဨ➼࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡣ࠸ࡘ
ࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊPKO ࡶ౛እ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ1960 ᖺ௦ࡢࢥࣥࢦᅜ㐃㌷(ONUC)࡟࠾࠸࡚㈙᫓ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ9ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊPKO ࡢ௵ົ࡜つᶍࡀኚ໬ࡋࡓ 1990 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊࣔࢨࣥࣅ࣮ࢡᅜ㐃࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ(ONUMOZ)ࡢ PKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿዪඣ኎࠸ࢇ࡜ே㌟኎㈙࡬ࡢ㛵୚10ࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ UNTAC㸦ᅜ㐃࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ᬻᐃ⤫἞ᶵᵓ㸧฿╔ᚋࡢ኎࠸ࢇ࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿ⪅ࡢᛴቑ11ࠊ࣎ࢫࢽ࢔࣭࣊ࣝࢶ࢙ࢦࣅࢼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᙉไ኎࠸
ࢇ┠ⓗࡢே㌟኎㈙࡬ࡢ㛵୚12࡞࡝ PKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⿕ᐖ⪅࡛࠶ࡿዪᛶࡸᏊ࡝ࡶ⮬㌟ࡀ㌟యⓗ࣭⢭⚄ⓗᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮚ
࡝ࡶࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓሙྜ㸦ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏊ࡝ࡶࡣࠕPKO せဨࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ(peacekeepers baby)ࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸧ࠊࡑࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ
࡜࡜ࡶ࡟⿕ᐖ⪅ࡀᐙ᪘ࡸᆅᇦඹྠయ࠿ࡽ㏣ᨺࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᅜ࡛ࡣᛶឤᰁ⑕ࡸ HIV/AIDSࡢ⶝ᘏ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ♫఍ⓗၥ㢟ࢆࡶ⏕ࡌࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓ13ࠋᙜึࠊࠕ⏨ࡣ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡓࡗ࡚ࡶᑡᖺ(boys will be boys)ࠖ࡜ࡢ
ㄆ㆑࠿ࡽࠊᅜ㐃ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࢆ㔜኱࡞ၥ㢟࡜ࡣᤊ࠼࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ14ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᡓ᫬ᛶᭀຊࡢ⿕ᐖ⪅ࢆྵࡴ⌧ᆅࡢఫẸࡢಖㆤࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡓ PKO せဨࡀྠᵝࡢ⿕ᐖࢆ୚࠼ࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜
ࡣࠊᅜ㝿♫఍࡟኱ࡁ࡞⾪ᧁࢆ୚࠼ࡓ15ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ
ࠕᅜ㐃ࡀάືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡯ࡰࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᅜ㐃⫋ဨࡲࡓࡣ㛵ಀせဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿࠖ16࡜ᅜ㐃⮬㌟ࡶㄆࡵࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊPKO ࡀὴ㐵ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྛᅜ࡛せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀከࡃࡢ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡟ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣᅜ㐃࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢ୺ὶ໬ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡸṊຊ⣮த࡟࠾ࡅࡿᛶⓗᭀຊ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ≢⨥໬࡜࠸ࡗࡓᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢኚ໬ࡀ࠶
ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஦ែࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊᅜ㐃஦ົ⥲㛗ࡣ 2003 ᖺ࡟ࠕᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࠾ࡼࡧᛶⓗ⹢ᚅ࠿ࡽࡢಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ≉ูᥐ⨨ࠖ࡜㢟ࡍࡿ࿌♧㸦௨ୗࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧㸧ࢆฟࡋࠊᅜ㐃ࡣ PKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ(misconduct)ࠊ≉࡟ࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙ᐶᐜ (zero-tolerance)ᨻ⟇ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ17ࠋࡇࡢ࿌♧࡛ࡣᅜ㐃⫋ဨࡀ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢᐃ⩏࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑࡢ㐪཯࡟ᑐࡍࡿᠬᡄࡸྛ㒊ᒁࡢ㛗ࡀྲྀ⤌ࡴෆᐜࡀつᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃ
ࡽࡎࠊ2004 ᖺ࡟ࢥࣥࢦẸ୺ඹ࿴ᅜ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ(MONUC)せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀ኱ࡁࡃሗ㐨ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿
ࡽࠊࡼࡾཝࡋ࠸ᑐᛂࢆ࡜ࡿࡼ࠺ᅜ㐃࡬ࡢᅽຊࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊྠᖺ࡟ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㐃஦ົ⥲㛗࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮࡟ᣦྡࡉࢀࡓࣚࣝࢲࣥࡢ Zeid ⋤Ꮚ୺ᑟ࡛ሗ࿌᭩ࠕᅜ㐃ᖹ࿴⥔ᣢάື࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑗ᮶ࡢᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࠾ࡼࡧ⹢ᚅࢆ᧞⁛ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢໟᣓⓗᡓ␎ࠖࡢసᡂࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊ2005 ᖺ࡟ᥦฟࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢሗ࿌᭩㸦௨ୗࠊZeid ሗ࿌᭩㸧࡛ࡣࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ⌧≧ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ⌧⾜ࡢつ๎ࠊㄪᰝ࣭ᤚᰝᡭ⥆ࠊᅜ㐃࡟ࡼࡿ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞࢔࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ
࢕ไᗘࠊಶேࡢᠬᡄฎศ࣭ฮ஦㈐௵࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢໟᣓⓗ࡞᳨ウ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟క࠺୍㐃ࡢᥐ⨨ࡀ່࿌ࡉࢀࡓ18ࠋ
2003 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊ஦ົ⥲㛗ࡣࠕᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࠾ࡼࡧ⹢ᚅ࠿ࡽࡢಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ≉ูᥐ⨨ࠖ࡜㢟ࡍࡿᖺḟሗ࿌᭩ࢆฟࡋ࡚
9㔠Ṋ┿ᬛᏊࠕᅜ㐃ᖹ࿴⥔ᣢせဨࡢᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙ᐶᐜᨻ⟇̿ㄡ࡟ࡼࡿ୙ᐶᐜࡀၥ㢟࠿ࠖ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿㐃ྜᏛ఍⦅ࠗᅜ㐃◊✲ࡢㄢ㢟࡜ᒎᮃ࠘㸦ᅜ㝿᭩㝔ࠊ2009 ᖺ㸧208 㡫ࠋ
10
G. Machel, “Impact of Armed Conflict on Children”, UN. Doc. A/51/306 (26 August 1996), para.98.
11
UNTAC฿╔ᚋࠊ
1992-3ᖺ࡛኎࠸ࢇ࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿ⪅ࡀ6000ே࠿ࡽ10000㸦᭱኱࡛25000ே㸧࡟ቑຍࡋࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
See S. Martin, Must
Boys Be Boys? Ending Sexual Exploitation & Abuse in UN Peacekeeping Missions (Refugees International, 2005), p.4. ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࡢᅜ㐃ࡢ୺ࡓࡿ㛵ᚰࡣࠊ኎࠸ࢇ࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿ⪅ࡢ⃭ቑ࡟క࠺ HIV/AIDS ࡢ⶝ᘏ(UNAIDS Cambodia, HIV/AIDS Situation (athttp://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/cambodia)࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊᛶឤᰁ⑕ண㜵ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㑊ዷලࡢ㓄ᕸࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
12౛࠼ࡤࠊ࣎ࢫࢽ࢔࡛ᅜ㐃ࡀே㌟ྲྀᘬ࡟㛵୚ࡋࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊJ. Murray, “Who Will Police the Peace-Builders? The
Failure to Establish Accountability for the Participation of United Nations Civilian Police in the Trafficking of Women in
Post-Conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Columbia Human Rights Law Review Vol. 34 (2003), pp.475-527.
13
See Burke (2014), pp.6-7; V. Kent, op. cit., p.53. PKOせဨ࡟ࡼࡿHIV/AIDSࡢឤᰁ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿὴ㐵ᆅᇦ࡬ࡢ⶝ᘏ㜵Ṇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
Ᏻಖ⌮Ỵ㆟1308(UN Doc. S/RES/1308 (17 July 2000))࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
14
Simic, op. cit., p.40-42. PKO ෆ࡛ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆຓ㛗ࡍࡿ⏨ᛶⓗᩥ໬࡜ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟࡟ཱྀእࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ఏ⤫ࡀᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋSee Martin, op. cit., p.5; Higata, op. cit., pp.61-63.
15
N. Quénivet, “The Role of the International Criminal Court in the Prosecution of Peacekeepers for Sexual Offences”, R. Arnold
ed. Law Enforcement within the Framework of Peace Support Operations (Martinus Nijhoff, 2008) [hereinafter Quénivet(2008)], p.399.
16
Letter dated 25 May 2006 from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly, Annex A (Draft United
Nations policy statement and draft United Nations comprehensive strategy on assistance and support to victims of sexual
exploitation and abuse by United Nations staff or related personnel), UN Doc. A/60/877 (5 June 2006), para.4. See V. Kent, op.
cit., p.45.
17
Secretary-General’s Bulletin, “Special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse”, UN Doc.
ST/SGB/2003/13 (9 October 2003).
18
Secretary-General, “A Comprehensive Strategy to Eliminate Future Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in United Nations
Peacekeeping Operations, delivered to the General Assembly”, UN. Doc. A/59/710 (24 March 2005) [hereinafter Zeid Report].

-2-࠾ࡾࠊZeid ሗ࿌᭩ࡢ່࿌࡟ἢࡗ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡳࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ2017 ᖺࡢᖺḟሗ࿌᭩࡛ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳ࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ
ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ
㸦⿕ᐖ⪅➨୍୺⩏ࠊ୙ฎ⨩ࡢ⤊⤖ࠊᕷẸᅋయ࠾ࡼࡧእ㒊༠ຊ⪅࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࠊᩍ⫱࠾ࡼࡧ㏱᫂ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᡓ␎ⓗᑐヰࡢಁ㐍19㸧ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᅜ㐃ࡢᑐᛂࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿ≉ูㄪᩚᐁࡢ௵࿨ࡸୖ⣭ᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍(high-level task force)ࡢタ⨨ࠊ2017 ᖺ 9 ᭶ࡢᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ㜵Ṇ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㐃ࡢࣁ࢖ࣞ࣋ࣝ఍ྜࡢ㛤ദ࡞࡝ࠊPKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡣᅜ㐃࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜఩⨨௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊPKO ࡣᅜ㐃ࢆ㇟ᚩࡍࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢせဨࡢ୍㒊ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ୰❧࡜බᖹࢆཎ๎࡜ࡍࡿ PKO ࡑࢀ⮬యࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᅜ㐃ࡢಙ㢗ࡸ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆᦆ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜
࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜ㐃࡜⌧ᆅࡢఫẸ࡜ࡢಙ㢗㔊ᡂࢆ㞴ࡋࡃࡋࠊࡑࡢ௵ົࡢ㐙⾜ࡸ௚ࡢせဨࡢᏳ඲☜ಖ࡟㔜኱࡞ᐖᝏࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࠺ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ20ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓྲྀ⤌ࡳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊPKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡣ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚
Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊヲ⣽࡞⤫ィ21ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ 2010 ᖺ௨㝆ࡢ PKO せဨ㸦せဨู㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ㏻ሗ௳ᩘࠊ❧ド௳ᩘࡣୗグࡢ⾲ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ࠕ㏻ሗࠖࡣᅜ㐃஦ົᒁࡢୗ㒊⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡿෆ㒊┘ᰝᐊ(UN Office of Internal Oversight Services: OIOS)࡟ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ1 ௳࡟ࡘࡁࠊ」ᩘࡢ㏻ሗࢆཷࡅࡓせဨ࡜⿕ᐖ⪅ࡀྵࡲࢀ࠺ࡿ㸧ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㏻ሗࡣịᒣࡢ୍ゅ࡟㐣ࡂࡎࠊࡑࡢ
ᐇᩘࡣࡉࡽ࡟ከ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㏻ሗࢆཷࡅࡓせဨࡢᅜ⡠ࡀබ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ 2015 ᖺ௨㝆ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ44 ࠿ᅜࡢせဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㏻ሗࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢୖ఩ 5 ࠿ᅜࡣࠊ༡࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜ 28 ྡ㸦㌷஦せဨࡢࡳ㸧ࠊࢥࣥࢦẸ୺ඹ࿴ᅜ 27 ྡ㸦㌷஦せဨࡢࡳ㸧ࠊࢥࣥࢦඹ࿴ᅜ 18 ྡ㸦㌷ேせဨ 17 ྡ㸧ࠊ࣓࣮࢝ࣝࣥ 16 ྡ㸦㌷஦せဨ
13 ྡ㸧ࠊࣔࣟࢵࢥ 14 ྡ㸦㌷஦せဨࡢࡳ㸧࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᅜࡣὴ㐵ேᩘࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㌷㝲➼ࡢつᚊࡸᅜෆἲไᗘࡢ୙༑ศࡉ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊྠᮇ㛫࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ඲㒊࡛ 283 ௳
ࡢ㏻ሗࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ㏻ሗ௳ᩘࡀከ࠸࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣᅜ㐃୰ኸ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ከ㠃ⓗ⤫ྜᏳᐃ໬࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ(MINUSCA)111 ௳ࠊᅜ㐃ࢥࣥࢦẸ୺ඹ࿴ᅜᏳᐃ໬࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ(MONUSCO)75 ௳ࠊᅜ㐃ࣁ࢖ࢳᏳᐃ໬࣑ࢵࢩࣙ
ࣥ(MINUSTAH)20 ௳࡛࠶ࡾࠊ≉ᐃࡢ࣑ࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ
⾲ࠉձPKOせဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ㏻ሗ௳ᩘࠊㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ㸦2 0 1 0 ᖺ࠿ࡽ2 0 1 8 ᖺ1 1 ᭶ࡲ࡛㸧
2010ᖺ

2011ᖺ

2012ᖺ

2013ᖺ

2014ᖺ

2015ᖺ

2016ᖺ

2017ᖺ

2018ᖺ

㏻ሗ௳ᩘ

86

75

60

66

52

69

104

63

47

❧ド

28

28

8

21

17

25

25

27

5

᎘␲䛺䛧䞉୙༑ศ

49

35

37

37

28

30

39

11

2

3

1

12

33

25

40

9

11

5

6

2

7

1

ㄪᰝಀᒓ୰
䛭䛾௚

15

ղPKOせဨูࡢ㏻ሗ௳ᩘࠊ❧ド௳ᩘ࠙࡞࠾ࠊ2 0 1 2 ᖺࡣᆅ఩୙᫂ࡢ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㏻ሗࡀ1 ௳࠶ࡾࠚ
2011ᖺ

2012ᖺ

2013ᖺ

2017ᖺ

2018ᖺ

㌷஦㛵㐃せဨ䠄❧ド㻛ㄪᰝ᏶஢䠅

38 (13/36) 40 (15/33)

2010ᖺ

19 (4/15)

37 (14/30) 25 (11/22) 38 (11/26) 73 (17/40) 41 (15/24)

2014ᖺ

2015ᖺ

2016ᖺ

38 (2/2)

㆙ᐹ㛵㐃せဨ䠄❧ド㻛ㄪᰝ᏶஢䠅

14 (9/13)

10 (4/9)

9 (3/9)7 (5/7)

13 (4/13)

16 (9/15)

7 (1/6)

11 (8/8)

3 (2/2)ᅜ㐃⫋ဨ➼䛾ᩥẸせဨ䠄❧ド㻛ㄪᰝ᏶஢䠅35 (6/29)

25 (9/21)

31 (1/21)

22 (2/21)

14 (2/10)

15 (5/14)

24 (7/18)

11 (4/6)

6 (1/1)㸦࡞࠾ࠊ㌷஦㛵㐃せဨ࡟ࡣࠊྛᅜ࠿ࡽὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡓ㒊㝲せဨࡢ࡯࠿ᅜ㐃ࡢ㌷஦せဨࡸ㌷஦┘どဨ࡞࡝ࢆྵࡴࠋ㆙ᐹ㛵㐃⫋ဨ࡟ࡣࠊྛᅜ࠿ࡽὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡓ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨࡢ࡯࠿ࠊᅜ㐃㆙ᐹ⫋ဨࢆྵࡴࠋᩥẸせဨ࡟ࡣࠊ⌧ᆅ⫋ဨࠊᅜ㐃࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ࠊࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ࣭ಶேዎ⣙⪅ࢆྵࡴࠋ㸧

2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡀฟࡉࢀ࡚௨㝆ࠊPKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙ᐶᐜᨻ⟇ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚᮶ࡓ
࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶᅜ㐃ࡢ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊᅜ㐃ࡀ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᵝࠎ࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡳࡢ୰࡛ࠊ≉࡟ࠊPKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ㐪཯࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡝ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞ᥐ⨨ࡀ࡜ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᥐ⨨ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋ

19

Secretary-General, “Special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and abuse: a new approach”, UN Doc. A/71/818(28 February 2017), Summary and paras.20-73.
20
G. Simm, Sex in Peace Operations (Cambridge UP, 2013), pp.12-13; 㔠Ṋࠕ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠖ198-199 㡫ཧ↷ࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ
࠿ࡽࡢಖㆤ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ≉ูᥐ⨨ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦ົ⥲㛗ࡢ᭱᪂ࡢᖺḟሗ࿌᭩࡛ࡶྠ᪨ࡢぢゎࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋUN Doc. A/72/751 (15February 2018), paras.1-2.
21⤫ィࡣ௨ୗ࡟ࡼࡗࡓࠋConduct in UN Field Missions, “Date: Sexual exploitation and abuse”, at
https://conduct.unmissions.org/date.

-3-ϩ ᅜ㐃࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ
1 2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡢෆᐜ
 2003 ᖺ࿌♧࡛୙ᐶᐜᨻ⟇ࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿ㸦1 㡯㸧ࠋ࣭ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࡜ࡣࠊᛶⓗ࡞┠ⓗ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠊ⬤ᙅᛶࠊຊ㛵ಀࡲࡓࡣಙ㢗࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᆅ఩ࡢᐇ㝿ࡢ℃⏝ࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ௚ேࢆᛶⓗ࡟ᦢྲྀࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㔠㖹ⓗࠊ♫఍ⓗࡲࡓࡣᨻ἞ⓗ࡟฼┈ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࢆྵࡴࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡟
㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
࣭ᛶⓗ⹢ᚅ࡜ࡣࠊᛶⓗᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡗࡓᐇ㝿ࡢ㌟య࡬ࡢ౵ධࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ⬣ጾ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊຊ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࠿ࡲࡓࡣᑐ➼࡛࡞࠸ࡶࡋࡃࡣᙉไⓗ࡞≧ἣࡢୗ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡶࡢ࠿ࡣၥࢃ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⾜Ⅽࡣࠕᬑ㐢ⓗ࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅜ㝿ἲつ⠊࠾ࡼࡧᇶ‽ࡢ౵ᐖ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊᅜ㐃⫋ဨつ๎࣭⣽๎(Staff
Regulations and Rules)࡛⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ(3.1 㡯)ࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊ≉࡟ࠊዪᛶࡸᏊ࡝ࡶࢆಖㆤࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࠕ㸦18ṓᮍ‶ࡢ㸧Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡜ࡢᛶⓗ⾜Ⅽࠖ㸦3.2 㡯(b)㸧࡜ࠕ㔠㖹ࠊ㞠⏝ࠊ≀ရࡲࡓࡣᙺົ࡜஺᥮ࡋࡓᛶ஺㸦ᛶⓗ⾜Ⅽཪࡣࡑࡢ௚ࡢᙧែࡢ౲⶜ⓗࠊయ㠃ࢆởࡍⱝࡋࡃࡣᦢྲྀⓗែᗘࢆྵࡴࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡣᨭ᥼ࡢཷ┈⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᨭ᥼ࡢ
஺᥮ࡶྵࡴࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ㸧ࠖ㸦3.2 㡯 (c)㸧ࡣࠊ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ࠕᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࡜ᨭ᥼ࡢཷ┈⪅ࡢ㛫ࡢᛶⓗ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟ᑐ➼࡛࡞࠸ᶒຊ㛵ಀ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࠊᅜ㐃ࡢ௵ົࡢಙ⏝ᛶ࠾ࡼࡧ⤫୍ᛶࢆẋᦆࡍࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᙉࡃᢚไ(strongly discouraged)ࡉࢀࡿ㸦3.2 㡯(d)㸧࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ࿌♧࡟ࡼࡾᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡓ⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡣࠊᙉ࠿ࢇࡸᙉไ኎࠸ࢇ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ヱᙜࡶࡢ࠿ࡽࠊ⌧ᆅࡢዪᛶࡸᏊ
࡝ࡶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㈙᫓ࡲ࡛ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕᑐ➼࡛࡞࠸ࠖ㛵ಀࡢୗ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓᛶⓗ㛵ಀࡶᛶⓗ⹢ᚅ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢ࿌♧ࡀᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࡜⌧ᆅࡢఫẸࡣࠕᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟ᑐ➼࡛࡞࠸ᶒຊ㛵ಀࠖ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࡜⌧ᆅࡢఫẸࡢᛶⓗ㛵ಀࡣᛶⓗ⹢ᚅ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ22ࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊᅜ㐃⫋ဨࡀ⌧ᆅࡢఫẸࡼࡾࡶ⤒῭ⓗࠊ♫఍ⓗ࡟ඃ఩࡞❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࠕᑐ➼࡛࡞࠸ᶒຊ㛵ಀࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ࡝࠺࠸ࡗࡓሙྜ࡟ᛶⓗ⹢ᚅ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࡀ୙᫂☜࡛࠶ࡿ23ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࠕᙉไⓗ࡞≧ἣࡢୗࠖ࡜࠸࠺せ௳ࡣࠊṊຊ⣮த࡟࠾ࡅࡿᛶⓗᭀຊࡢ≢⨥໬ࡢᩥ⬦࡛Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ24ࠊPKO
ࡀࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࢆసࡾฟࡍ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ␲ၥࡀṧࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿ25ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㠀ᖖ࡟ᗈ⠊࡞⾜Ⅽࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊ୙ᐶᐜᨻ⟇࡛ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢᛶⓗ㛵ಀ࡜ࡢቃ⏺ࡀ᭕᫕࡞⾜Ⅽࡸ㈙᫓ࢆᙉࡃ㠀㞴ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ୙ᐶᐜᨻ⟇ࡀ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᛶⓗ㛵ಀࢆ༴㝤࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋࠊዪᛶࢆಖㆤࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁᙅ࠸Ꮡᅾ࡜࠸࠺ࢫࢸࣞ࢜ࢱ࢖ࣉ࡛ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⮬ࡽࡢពᛮ࡛ PKO
せဨ࡜㛵ಀࢆᣢࡕࡓ࠸࡜ࡍࡿ⌧ᆅࡢዪᛶࡸᑡዪࡀᛶⓗ⮬ᚊࢆไ㝈ࡋࠊ⮬ᕫỴᐃࡀጉࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᙉ࠸ᢈุ
ࡶ࠶ࡿ26ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊఫẸࢆಖㆤࡋࠊேᶒࡢᑛ㔜ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ௵ົࢆᢸ࠸ࠊ⌧ᆅࡢఫẸ࠿ࡽࡣ೔⌮ⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅜ㐃⫋ဨࡀ㈙᫓࡞࡝ࡢᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊᅜ㐃ࡑࢀ⮬యࡢಙ㢗ࢆᦆ࡞࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⪃࠼᪉ࢆㄆࡵࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡢ࿌♧ࡀࡇ
ࢀࡽࡢ⾜Ⅽࡶᬑ㐢ⓗ࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅜ㝿ἲつ⠊ࡸᇶ‽ࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢᅜ㝿᮲⣙ࡢෆᐜ࡜ࡢᩚྜᛶࢆḞࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ27ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ኎࠸ࢇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕዪᏊࡢ኎࠸ࢇ࠿ࡽࡢᦢྲྀࠖࢆ⚗Ṇࡍࡿዪᛶᕪู᧔
ᗫ᮲⣙ 6 ᮲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࠕ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᙧែࡢᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࠾ࡼࡧᛶⓗ⹢ᚅ࠿ࡽඣ❺ࢆಖㆤࡍࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࢆᐃࡵࡿᏊ࡝ࡶᶒ
฼᮲⣙ 34 ᮲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀ⮬యࢆ㐪ἲ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᙉไࡸᦢྲྀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿሙྜࡢࡳࡀ⚗Ṇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ኎㈙➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㑅ᢥ㆟ᐃ᭩ 3 ᮲ 1 㡯(b)࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊඣ❺㈙᫓ࡀ≢⨥࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡀࠊࡇࢀࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

22㔠Ṋࠕ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠖ196 㡫ཧ↷ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧4.5 㡯࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ18 ṓ௨ୖࡢ⪅࡜ࡢ㛫࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓᛶⓗ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᛶⓗ⹢ᚅࡢ౛እ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ࠺ࡿ࠿ࡢ⿢㔞ࡀྛ㒊ᒁࡢ㛗࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
24ᙉ࠿ࢇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊྠពࡢ᭷↓࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸦ᙧᘧⓗ࡞ྠពࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸧ࠊࠕᙉไⓗ࡞⎔ቃ࡟஌ࡌ࡚ࠖ⾜ࢃࢀࡓሙྜ࡟ࡶ≢⨥ࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡓࠋᅜ㝿ฮ஦ἲୖࡢᙉ࠿ࢇࡢᐃ⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢫࢸࣇ࢓ࢽ࣮࣭ࢡ࣮ࣉࠗᅜ㝿ฮ஦ἲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ᭀຊ࠘㸦᪥ᮏホㄽ♫ࠊ2012 ᖺ㸧50-61 㡫ཧ↷ࠋ≉࡟ࠊྠពࡢᚲせᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊྠ 58 㡫௨ୗࠋ
25
N. Quénivet, “The Dissonance between the United Nations Zero-Tolerance Policy and the Criminalisation of Sexual Offenceson the International Level”, International Criminal Law Review Vol.7 (2007), [hereinafter Quénivet (2007)] p.671; Simm, op. cit.,
p.169.
26
Eg. see Simic, op. cit., pp.50-69. ࡞࠾ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᢈุ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊPKO ࡢᩥ⬦࡛ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞⎔ቃࡀ඲ࡃ␗
࡞ࡿᆅᇦ࡟ࠊᖹ᫬ࡢࠊࡑࢀࡶ≉࡟Ḣ⡿ㅖᅜࡢዪᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࢆᣢࡕ㎸ࡶ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢ཯ㄽࡶ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋO’Brien, op. cit.,
p.10.
27
See Burke (2014), pp.30-31; Simm op. cit., p.166. 㔠Ṋࠕ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠖ197 㡫ཧ↷ࠋ23

-4-

㆟ㄽࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡓᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
ᅜ㐃࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ࠕ㔜኱࡞㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ(serious
misconduct)ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚༶᫬ゎ㞠ࢆྵࡴᠬᡄฎศࡀ⛉ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ(3.2 㡯(a))ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㐺ษ࡞ㄪᰝࡢᚋࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡍࡿドᣐࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊᅜ㐃ἲົ㒊(Office of Legal Affairs)࡜ࡢ༠㆟ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊฮ஦ッ㏣ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᅜᐙࡢᶒ㝈࠶ࡿᙜᒁ࡬௜ク࡛ࡁࡿ(5 㡯)࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡛ヲࡋࡃ㏙࡭ࡿࡀࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ❧ドࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᅜ㐃⮬㌟ࡣ PKO せဨ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ฮ஦ᡭ⥆ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࡑࡢッ㏣࣭ฎ⨩ࡣฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡋ࠺ࡿᅜ࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽࠊၥ㢟࡜ࡉࢀࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡀྛᅜࡢᅜෆἲ௧ୖࠊ
≢⨥࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽࡎࠊッ㏣࣭ฎ⨩ࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
2 ࡍ࡭࡚ PKO せဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ 2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡢ㐺⏝
2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊࠕᅜ㝿㐃ྜࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⫋ဨ(staff)ࠖ㸦2.1 㡯㸧࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕᅜ㐃ࡢᣦ᥹࠾ࡼࡧ⤫ไࡢୗ࡛άືࢆ⾜࠺ᅜ㐃㌷(United Nations forces)ࠖࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊPKO せဨࡢ኱㒊ศࢆ༨ࡵࡿ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠕᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡿࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᩥゝ࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜ 1999 ᖺࡢࠕࠗᅜ㐃㌷࡟ࡼࡿᅜ㝿ே㐨ἲࡢ㑂Ᏺ࠘(ST/SGB/1999/13) ࡜㢟ࡍࡿᅜ㐃஦ົ⥲㛗࿌♧28ࡢ 7 㡯㸦ᩥẸ࠾ࡼࡧᡓ㜚እ࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡓ⪅ࡢྲྀᢅ࠸㸧࡟ᚑ࠺ࠖ㸦ᣓᘼෆࡣ➹⪅⿵㊊㸧ࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸(2.2 㡯)ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢせဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊṊຊ⣮தୗ࡛ࡢᩥẸ➼ࡢಖㆤࡢᩥ⬦࡛ዪᛶࡸᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠿ࢇࠊᙉไ኎࠸ࢇࠊᛶⓗᭀ⾜࡞࡝࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧࡛つᐃࡉࢀࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀ⚗Ṇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
PKO ࡣᅜ㐃⫋ဨࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊྛᅜ࠿ࡽὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡿ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨࡸ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ(uniformed police unit)ࠊಶே
ࡢ㈨᱁࡛ཧຍࡍࡿ㌷஦┘どဨ(military observers)ࠊᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨ(UN Police/civil police)ࠊᅜ㐃࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔(UNvolunteer)ࠊዎ⣙⫋ဨ(individual contractors)ࡸࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ(consultant)࡞࡝ከᵝ࡞せဨ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡜
ࡾࢃࡅࠊPKO せဨࡢᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡀ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊࡇࢀࡽࡍ࡭࡚ࡢせဨ࡟ 2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡀ⤫୍ⓗᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋZeid ሗ࿌᭩࡛࡞ࡉࢀࡓ່࿌࡛ᙉㄪࡉࢀࡓⅬࡢ୍ࡘࡣࠊ୙ᐶᐜᨻ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ PKO せဨ࡟ࡣ␗࡞ࡿᇶ‽ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ
ࡢᢚṆࢆᐖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓ29ࠋᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㐃᠇❶ 101 ᮲ 1 㡯࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ไᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸦ࡑࡢ㞠⏝᮲௳࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸧ࠕᅜ㐃⫋ဨつ๎࣭⣽๎(Staff Regulations and Rules)ࠖ30ࡢつ๎ 1.2(c)࣭⣽๎ 1.2(a)࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ௵࿨ᶒ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ஦ົ⥲㛗ࡢ࿨௧࣭ᣦ♧(directions and instructions)࡟ᚑ࠺⩏ົࢆ㈇࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ஦ົ⥲㛗࿌♧ࡣᅜ㐃ࡢ⾜ᨻᩥ᭩࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
ࡇࡢ⫋ဨつ๎࣭⣽๎஦ែࡶ஦ົ⥲㛗࿌♧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ไᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡶ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟
࡞ࡿ31ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᅜ㐃⫋ဨ௨እࡢ PKO せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࢆᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࡜ྠᵝࡢ᪉ἲ࡛⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊせဨࡸ㒊㝲せဨὴ㐵ᅜ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛⥾⤖ࡍࡿྲྀỴࡵ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡢ㑂Ᏺࢆྵࡴࡼ࠺ᨵᐃࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ32ࠋࡲࡎࠊಶேࡢ㈨᱁࡛ཧຍࡍࡿྛせဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ2006 ᖺࡢ PKO ≉ูጤဨ఍(C 34)ࡢሗ࿌᭩33࡟
ࡼࢀࡤࠊ2005 ᖺࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࠊᅜ㐃ࡢ௵࿨࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ཧຍࡍࡿ㌷஦┘どဨ࡜ᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௵ົ㛤ጞ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚⨫ྡࡍࡿ⣙᮰᭩(undertaking) 34ࢆᨵᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡲࡓࠊᅜ㐃࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㐃㛤28

ࡇࡢ࿌♧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪂஭ிࠕࠗᅜ㐃㌷࡟ࡼࡿᅜ㝿ே㐨ἲࡢ㑂Ᏺ࠘࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦ົ⥲㛗࿌♧ࠖࠗி㒔ᏛᅬἲᏛ࠘➨ 1 ྕ(2000 ᖺ)1-49
㡫ཧ↷ࠋ
29
Zeid report, paras.23-25. ࡇࡢ່࿌ࢆཷࡅ࡚㛤ദࡉࢀࡓPKO ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㐃⥲఍≉ูጤဨ఍࡛ࡣࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࢆPKO せဨࡢඹ㏻つ๎࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆࡵࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࠋUN Doc. A/59/19/Add.1 (11 April 2005), para.8.
30
2018 ᖺ࡟ᨵゞࡉࢀࡓ⫋ဨつ๎࣭⣽๎࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊSecretary-General’s bulletin, “Staff Regulations and Rules”, UN Doc.
ST/SGB/2018/1 (1 January 2018).
31
࡞࠾ࠊ2013 ᖺࡢ⫋ဨつ๎࣭⣽๎ᨵゞ࡛ࡣࠊ⫋ဨࡢᇶᮏⓗ⩏ົࢆᐃࡵࡿ⫋ဨ⣽๎ 1.2 ᮲(e)࡟࠾࠸࡚2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࠾ࡼࡧ⹢ᚅࢆ≉࡟⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡿ⾜Ⅽ࡜ࡋ࡚つᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋ
32ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓྲྀỴࡵࡢᨵᐃ௨እࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࢆࡍ࡭࡚ࡢPKO せဨ࡟㐺⏝ࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ㐃ࡀ᭷ࡍࡿసᡓୖࡢᣦ᥹
(operational command)࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊྛPKO ࡢ᭱㧗㈐௵⪅㸦Head of Mission㸧࡛࠶ࡿ஦ົ⥲㛗≉ู௦⾲ࡸ㒊㝲ྖ௧ᐁ(Force
Commander)ࡀⓎࡍࡿᣦ௧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞᭹ົつ๎ࢆ⟇ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡢᣦ᦬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㔠Ṋࠕ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠖ200-201 㡫ཧ↷ࠋ33
General Assembly, “Report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations and its Working Group at the 2006
substantive session”, UN Doc. A/60/19 (22 March 2006), para.65.
34
See Undertaking and Declaration by Experts on Mission: UN Police Officer/Collections Officer/Military Observers/Military
Liaison Officer, paras.3-7.ࡇࡢᩥ᭩࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊDPKO ࡀసᡂࡋࡓᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡢ௜ᒓᩥ᭩㸦Annex 3㸧࡟ῧ௜ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋSee DPKO, “Guidelines for United Nations Police office on Assignment with Peace Operations”, UN Doc.
DPKO/PD/2006/00135 (29 June 2007), at-5-

Ⓨィ⏬ࡢୗ㒊⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡿᅜ㐃࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ィ⏬(United Nations Volunteers programme)ࡀᐃࡵࡿ໅ົ᮲௳
(Conditions of Service)35ࢆᨵᐃⲡ᱌ࡀసᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀ࡟ᚑ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡢ㑂Ᏺࡀ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊዎ⣙⫋ဨ࡜ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㞠⏝ࢆ⾜࠺ᅜ㐃஦ົᒁࡢ⾜ᨻᣦ௧(administrative instruction)ࡀ࠸ࡲࡔᨵᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡢ㑂Ᏺࢆྵࡴࡼ࠺ᨵᐃࡢせㄳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢせㄳࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ2006 ᖺࠊ஦ົᒁࡣዎ⣙⫋ဨ࡜ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺࡢዎ⣙᮲௳(General Conditions ofContracts)ࢆᐃࡵࡿ⾜ᨻᣦ㔪࡟ 2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡢ㑂Ᏺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ྠពࢆồࡵࡿ᮲㡯ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ2013 ᖺࠊྠ࿌♧ࡢ㑂Ᏺࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿᨵᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ36ࠋ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊྛᅜ࠿ࡽ㒊㝲༢఩࡛ὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡿ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࣭㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊಶࠎࡢせဨ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᅜ
㐃࡜㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ㛫ࡢ஢ゎぬ᭩(MoU)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾜ືᇶ‽ࡀỴࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢྛᅜࡀ⥾⤖ࡍࡿ MoU ࡢࡦ࡞ᙧ࡜࡞ࡿࣔࢹࣝ MoU ࡀ 2007 ᖺ࡟ᨵṇࡉࢀࠊᅜ㐃ࡢ⾜ືᇶ‽(United Nations standards of conduct)࡟㛵ࡍࡿつᐃࡀ᪂ࡓ࡟ຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ37ࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ 2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡑࢀ⮬య࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢෆᐜࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓ௜ᒓᩥ᭩㸦DPKOࡀᐃࡵࡓ PKO せဨࡢ⾜ືᇶ‽࡛࠶ࡿࠕᡃࠎࡣᅜ㐃ᖹ࿴⥔ᣢせဨ(We are United Nations peacekeeping
personnel)ࠖ
㸧࡟ᚑ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀつᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࡢ௜ᒓᩥ᭩࡛ࡣࠕᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࠾ࡼࡧ⹢ᚅࠊ18 ṓᮍ‶ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ࡜ࡢᛶⓗ⾜Ⅽࡲࡓࡣ㔠㖹ࠊ㞠⏝ࠊ≀ရࡶࡋࡃࡣᙺົ࡜஺᥮ࡋࡓᛶ஺ࢆྵࡴ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࢆࠕᡃࠎ
ࡣࡋ࡞࠸(We will never)ࠖ࡜つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢᩥゝ࠿ࡽࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ㒊㝲せဨࡀἲⓗ⩏ົࢆ㈇࠺࡜࠸࠼ࡿ࠿ࡣ
᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸38ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ
2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࢆ㑂Ᏺࡍࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
ྛ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡓࡔࡋࠊ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࡑࡢ௵ົ㛤ጞ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚⣙᮰᭩࡟⨫ྡࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ
࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ39ࠊせဨಶே࡜ࡋ࡚ 2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡢ㑂Ᏺࡀ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅜ㐃⫋ဨ௨እࡢ PKO せဨ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡢ㑂Ᏺࡀ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ྲྀ⤌ࡳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ
࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ≉ูࡢἲⓗᆅ఩ࢆᣢࡘ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ␗࡞ࡿᑐᛂࢆࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓࡎࠊ඲࡚ࡢ PKO せဨ࡟⤫୍ⓗ࡞ᇶ‽ࡀ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿࠋϪ PKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ㐪཯࡟ᑐࡍࡿᥐ⨨1 ◊ಟࠊ㏻ሗ࡜ㄪᰝ
ୖ㏙ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ⚗Ṇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ PKO せဨ࡟⤫୍ⓗᇶ‽ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟
࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㐪཯ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⪅ࡢ㈐௵ࡀ㏣ཬࡉࢀࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡀᩆ῭ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ୙ᐶᐜᨻ⟇ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ40ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡑࢀ௨๓࡟ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ண㜵ⓗᥐ⨨ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓண㜵ⓗᥐ⨨࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊZeid ሗ࿌᭩࡛ࡣ PKO せဨ࡜⌧ᆅࡢఫẸࡢ᥋ゐࢆ㜵ࡄ
https://police.un.org/en/guidelines-un-police-officers-assignment-with-peacekeeping-operations-2007. ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ⮬యࡣ㛵ಀᅜ࡟᝟ሗࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊἲⓗᣊ᮰ຊࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨࡣ 2003 ᖺ࿌♧࡟ᚑ࠺ࡇ࡜(para.20, 23)ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
35⌧ᅾࡢ໅ົ᮲௳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊUnited Nations Volunteers (UNV) programme, Conditions of Service for national UN Volunteers(31 January 2017), at https://www.unv.org/publications/overview-unv-conditions-service-national-un-volunteers. ࡑࡢ⾜ືᣦ㔪(UNV Code of Conduct) III 㡯࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧(Appendix V)ࡢ㑂Ᏺࡀつᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ᮲㡯࡛ࡣࠊ“appendix VIII”
࡜ㄗグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋ
36
Secretariat, “Administrative instruction: Consultants and individual contractors”, UN Doc. ST/AI/2013/4 (19 December 2013),
Section 5.5, Annex I (General Conditions of Contracts for the Services of Consultants and Individual Contractors), 2 (Standardsof conduct).
37
General Assembly, “Revised draft model memorandum of understanding”, UN Doc. A/61/19 (Part III) (12 June 2007), Annex,
Article 7 bis para.1. ࣔࢹࣝMoU ࡣ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡢ㒊㝲ᡤ᭷⿦ഛ࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝ(COE Manual)ࡢ௜ᒓᩥ᭩࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋManual on
Policies and Procedures Concerning the Reimbursement and Control of Contingent-Owned Equipment of Troop/Police
Contributors Participating in Peacekeeping Missions, (COE Manual), UN. Doc. A/C.5/69/18 (Jan. 20, 2015), Ch.9. ࡞࠾ࠊࡑࡢἲⓗᆅ఩ࡢ┦㐪࠿ࡽࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨࡢMoU ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣྠ࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝ185-220 㡫 㸦௨ୗࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨMoU 㸧ࠊ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨࡢMoU
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣྠ221-237 㡫 㸦௨ୗࠊ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨMoU㸧࡜༊ูࡋ࡚ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊୖグࡢᨵṇࡣࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ MoU, Article
7 bis, 7.2ࠊ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨMoU, Article 7 bis, 7.5 ࡟ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
38ᑜᮌ┿ஓࠕᅜ㐃ᖹ࿴⥔ᣢάື㸦PKO㸧せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࠾ࡼࡧ⹢ᚅࡢつไࠖࠗ᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ♫఍Ᏻ඲ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ⣖せ࠘8 ྕ㸦2016ᖺ㸧94 㡫ࠋ39
㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨMoU Article 7 bis, 7.7. ⣙᮰᭩ࡢ⨫ྡ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊDPKO ࡟ࡼࡿ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ࡟つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋDPKO, ‘Guidelines for Formed Police Units on Assignment with Peace Operations’, UN Doc. DPKO/PD/2006/00015 (8 May
2006), para.37. ⣙᮰᭩࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨ࡜ྠ୍ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(Ibid., Annex 3)ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨࡣ2003 ᖺ࿌♧࡟ཝ᱁࡟ᚑ࠺(para.23)࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡇࢀ࡟つᐃࡉࢀࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆཝࡋࡃ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡿ(para.17 (b))ࠋ
40ᅜ㐃⥲఍Ỵ㆟ࡶ㈐௵㏣ཬࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋSee eg. UN Doc. A/RES/71/278 (10 March 2017), paras.3, 6-8.

-6-ᥐ⨨࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ㛛㝈ࡢタᐃࡸ❧ධ⚗Ṇ༊ᇦࡢᣦᐃࠊࣃࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡢᙉ໬ࡸఫẸࡢᇶᆅ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ⚗Ṇ࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ PKO せဨࡢ◊ಟࠊ⌧ᆅࡢఫẸࡸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢔࢘
ࢺ࣮ࣜࢳࡸၨⓎάືࡶ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊ༑ศ࡟◊ಟࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸せဨࡢᏑᅾࡀࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⏕ࡴ኱ࡁ࡞せᅉ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ◊ಟࡢ㉁ⓗ࣭㔞ⓗᨵၿࡢᚲせᛶࡀၐ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ41ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ2005 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ PKO せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚╔௵᫬◊ಟࡀ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࠊࡲࡓࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀ PKO ὴ㐵๓◊ಟࢆ⾜࠺㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺㌷஦࠾ࡼࡧ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨࢆ㝖ࡁࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᩥẸせဨࡣ DPKO ࡟ࡼࡿ஦๓◊ಟࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀ
ࡓ42ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊྠ᫬ᮇ࡟⾜࠺࡭ࡁసᴗࡶከࡃࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢせဨࡀ╔௵᫬◊ಟࢆཷࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡸ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 3-6 ࢝᭶࡛஺௦ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺࣮ࣟࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࡓࡵࠊྠ◊ಟࢆᖖ᫬㛤タࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡶᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ43ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ PKO せဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ◊ಟࡣᙉ໬ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡀ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ᢚṆຠᯝࢆᣢࡘࡢ
࠿ࢆ▷ᮇⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ◊ಟࡸ⌧ᆅࡢఫẸ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢔࢘ࢺ࣮ࣜࢳࡣࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ୙ᐶᐜ࡜ࡍࡿ⎔ቃࢆసࡾฟࡍࡇ࡜࡟㈨ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡉ࡚ࠊPKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㈐௵㏣ཬࡢ➃⥴࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡀࠊ㏻ሗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀ༑ศ࡟ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤࡑࡢᚋࡢᥐ⨨ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㏻ሗࡣ PKO せဨࠊNGOࠊ┠ᧁ⪅ࡸ⿕ᐖ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ⌧ᆅࡢఫẸ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋPKO せဨࡣᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㏻ሗ⩏ົࢆ㈇ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ44ࠊࡇࡢ⩏ົ࡟ᇶ࡙
ࡁ㏻ሗࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ௰㛫ࢆ኎ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࡸ㏻ሗ⪅ࡣ௚ࡢせဨ࠿ࡽሗ᚟ࢆཷࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࡢᠱᛕࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ45ࠋ≉࡟ࠊ㏻ሗ⪅ࡀࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿሗ᚟ࢆᛧࢀ࡚ࠊ⩏ົࢆᯝࡓࡉ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ2017 ᖺ࡟஦ົ⥲㛗ࡀࠕ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽࡢ㏻ሗ࠾ࡼࡧṇᘧ࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ┘ᰝࡲࡓࡣㄪᰝ࡬ࡢ༠ຊ࡟ᑐࡍࡿሗ᚟࠿ࡽࡢಖㆤࠖ46࡜㢟ࡍࡿ࿌♧ࢆฟࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓྠㄪᅽຊࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿ
ࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ⌧ᆅࡢఫẸ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ㏻ሗ⩏ົࡣㄢࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡲࡓࠊ㏻ሗ࡟ࡼࡿ
ሗ᚟ࡢᛧࢀࠊPKO せဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩗព࡜⬣ጾࠊゝㄒୖࡢ㞀ቨࠊ㏻ሗᡭ⥆࡟ᑐࡍࡿ▱㆑ࡢḞዴࡀၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᣦ᦬ࡉ
ࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㏻ሗ࡟ࡼࡾ཰ධ※ࢆኻ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢᛧࢀࠊᙜヱ♫఍࡛ཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿつ⠊ࡸᩥ໬ࡢ㞀ቨࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀ⚗Ṇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢḞዴ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㏻ሗ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㞀ᐖࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ47ࠋࡇࡢⅬ࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊୖ㏙ࡢ◊ಟࡸ⌧ᆅࡢఫẸ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢔࢘ࢺ࣮ࣜࢳࡣ㔜せ࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼
ࡼ࠺ࠋ
㏻ሗࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞᪉ἲ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊ
୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࡣ PKO ࡢྛ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⾜ືつᚊࢳ࣮࣒(CDTs)
ࡲࡓࡣᅜ㐃ᮏ㒊࡟࠾࠿ࢀࡓ OIOS ࡢㄪᰝㄢࡶࡋࡃࡣ CDTs ࢆ⤫ᣓࡍࡿ⾜ືつᚊࣘࢽࢵࢺ(CDU)࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ⌧ᆅ࡟࠾࠿ࢀࡿ CDTs ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤ㏻ሗࢆ୍ḟⓗ࡟ཷࡅࡿᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㏻ሗࢆ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ
ࡢ᭱㧗㈐௵⪅(SCSG)࡟ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋCDTs ⮬ࡽࡣㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㏻ሗࡢ஦ᐇ࠿ࡽㄪᰝ࡟௜ࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿㠀㐪⾜Ⅽࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ྰ࠿ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ48ࠋࡲࡓࠊCDTs ࡟㏻ሗࡉࢀࡓ᝟ሗࡣ CDU ࡀ㐠⏝ࡍࡿ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ㏣㊧ࢩࢫࢸ࣒(Misconduct Tracking System: MTS)࡟㞟⣙ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ CDTsࠊCDU ࡣᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ
ண㜵ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ◊ಟࢆᢸ࠺ᶵ㛵࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ㏻ሗࢆཷࡅࡿᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚㐺ษ࠿࡜࠸࠺ᢈุࡶ࠶ࡿ49ࠋ
41

Zeid Report, paras.39-40, 47, 62-63.
J. Stern, “Reducing Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in UN Peacekeeping: Ten Years after the Zeid Report”, Stimson Policy Brief
No. 1 (2015), pp.12-13. ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ2009 ᖺ௨㝆ࡣ DPKO ࡜ᅜ㐃ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻᨭ᥼ᒁ(DFS)ࡀసᡂࡋࡓᅜ㐃ὴ㐵๓◊ಟᚲಟ㈨ᩱ(CPTM)
ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊ಟࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ2016 ᖺ࠿ࡽ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖࡛ࣥࡢ◊ಟࡶᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ
CPTM ࡣ 2017 ᖺ࡟ᨵゞࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌧ᅾࡢ◊ಟෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊDPKO/DFS, Core Pre-deployment
Training Materials for United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (CPTM 2017), Module 3, Lesson 3.4, pp.1397-1465 ཧ↷ࠋ
43O’Brien, op. cit., p.9.
44
UN Doc. ST/SGB/2003/13, Section 3.2 (e).ᅜ㐃⫋ဨࠊᅜ㐃࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ࠊዎ⣙⫋ဨ࣭ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ2003ᖺ࿌♧࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ㌷஦┘どဨࠊᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨࠊ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⣙᮰᭩(Undertaking and Declaration by Experts on Mission, para.6)࡟
ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㏻ሗ⩏ົࢆ㈇࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
45
ከࡃࡢPKO ࣑ࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ㸦㌷஦㒊㝲せဨࢆ㏦㑏࠿ࡽᏲࡿࡓࡵ㸧ỿ㯲ࡢᩥ໬ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㏻ሗ࡟ᑐࡍࡿྰᐃⓗែᗘ㸦㏻ሗ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ⅹ༳ࢆᢲࡍࡇ࡜࡞࡝㸧ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋE. Defeis, “UN Peacekeepers and Sexual Abuse and Exploitation: An End to
Impunity” (2008) Washington University Global Studies Law Review Vol.7 (2008), p.192; Zeid report, para.13.
46
Secretary-General’s bulletin, “Protection against retaliation for reporting misconduct and for cooperating with duly authorized
audits or investigations”, UN Doc. ST/SGB/2017/2/Rev.1 (28 November 2017).
47
See C. Csáky, No One to Turn To: The Under-Reporting of Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Aid Workers andPeacekeepers (Save the Children, 2008), pp.12-14; Inter-Agency Standing Committee Task Force on Protection from Sexual
Exploitation and Abuse, Draft: Model Complaints and Investigation Procedures and Guidance Related to Sexual Abuse andSexual Exploitation (Mar. 2004) , p.19.
48
See OIOS Investigations Division, OIOS Investigation Manual (January 2015), p.10.
49
O’Brien, op. cit., p.4.
42-7-࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊCDTs ࡞࡝ࡀཷ⌮ࡍࡿ㏻ሗࡣࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆྵࡴ㔜኱࡞㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ(Category I)࡜㏻ᖖࡢ㠀㐪⾜
Ⅽ(Category II)࡟኱ࡁࡃศࡅࡽࢀ50ࠊOIOS ࡣ㔜኱࡞㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿ஦᱌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ51ࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊ2005 ᖺࡢ⥲఍Ỵ㆟࡛ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀ㔜኱࡞㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂♧ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ2007 ᖺ࡟ᅜ㐃࡜㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡢ㛫ࡢࣔࢹࣝ MoU ࡀᨵᐃࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㏻ሗࡶྵࡵ࡚ OIOS ࡣ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ52ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊPKO ࡢ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨࡣ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡢ㌷㝲ࡢᵓᡂဨ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊOIOSࡢㄪᰝᶒ㝈ࡣไ㝈ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋᨵᐃࣔࢹࣝ MoU ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿ୺せ࡞ᶒ㝈ࡣ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ53ࠊᅜ㐃ࡀ㏻ሗࢆཷࡅࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ㐜⁫࡞ࡃᙜヱᅜ࡟ሗ࿌ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸
࡜ࡍࡿ54ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ㔜኱࡞㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀ⊂⮬ࡢ஦ᐇㄪᰝᡭ⥆ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊドᣐࢆಖ඲ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᅜ㐃ࡀணഛⓗ࡞஦ᐇㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸࠺ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ55ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀᅜ㐃࠿ࡽ㏻▱ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠿ࡽ 10᪥௨ෆ࡟ㄪᰝࢆ㛤ጞࡏࡎࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀㄪᰝࡍࡿពᛮࡸ⬟ຊࢆḞࡃ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊᅜ㐃ࡣࠕ⾜ᨻㄪᰝ(administrative investigation)ࠖࢆ㛤ጞ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ56ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ PKO せဨࡢᆅ఩࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ≉࡟ࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊㄪᰝ୺యࡀ␗
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢ⤫୍ᛶࢆ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮬ᅜ㒊㝲せဨࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿⅹ༳࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸཯ឤࢆᣢࡘ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟ᙜヱせဨࡢㄪᰝᶒ㝈ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ฼┈┦཯ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑ
ࡶࡑࡶ㐺ษ࡞ㄪᰝࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ᠱᛕࡉ࠼࠶ࡿ57ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊZeid ሗ࿌᭩࡛ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡟58ࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿㄪᰝ࡬ࡢ㛵୚ࡣᡭ⥆ࡢ㏱᫂ᛶࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊྛᅜࡢ᭷ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ࡢά⏝ࡸࡑࡢᚋࡢᠬ⨩➼࡟㛵ࢃࡿᅜෆἲ௧࡟ྜ⮴ࡋࡓドᣐࡢ཰㞟࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
2 ᠬᡄ
 2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡣࠊㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ஦ᐇࡀ❧ドࡉࢀࡓሙྜࠊࡑࢀࢆ㔜኱࡞㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡜ࡋ࡚ᠬᡄฎศࡢᑐ㇟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᅜ㐃ࡀࡑࡢᠬᡄᶒࢆ⾜౑࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣࠊᅜ㐃࡜㞠⏝㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࡞࡝࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜ㐃⫋ဨࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊᅜ㐃⫋ဨつ๎࣭⣽๎࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ᠬᡄ
ฎศࡀ⛉ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ⫋ဨつ๎ 10.1 ᮲(a)࡟࠾࠸࡚஦ົ⥲㛗ࡢ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᠬᡄᶒࡀつᐃࡉࢀࠊྠ᮲(b)࡟࠾࠸࡚ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀ㔜኱࡞㠀㐪⾜Ⅽࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊฎศෆᐜࢆつᐃࡍࡿ⣽๎࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ᭱ࡶ㔜࠸ฎศ࡛࠶ࡿゎ㞠(dismissal)ࢆྵࡴฎศࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ59ࠋࡲࡓࠊ2016 ᖺ࠿ࡽࡣࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᥐ⨨࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡛ゎ㞠ࡉࢀࡓ⫋ဨ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣᖺḟఇᬤࡢ᣺᭰ᡶ࠸ࡣ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸࡜ࡢ㈈ᨻ
ୖࡢฎศ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⣽๎ࡀ㏣ຍࡉࢀࡓ60ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᅜ㐃࡟ࡣᅜ㐃⫋ဨࡢ㌟ศಖ㞀ࢆᢸ࠺ෆ㒊ྖἲᶵ㛵61㸦ᅜ㐃⣮த⿢ุᡤ(United Nations Dispute Tribunal:
UNDT)࡜ᅜ㐃ୖッ⿢ุᡤ(United Nations Appeals Tribunal: UNAT)㸧ࡀ࠾࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡇ࡛ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ
࡟ࡼࡾᠬᡄฎศࢆཷࡅࡓ⫋ဨ࠿ࡽࡢッ࠼ࡶᩘከࡃᑂ㆟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⿢ุᡤࡢุ᩿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡉࡽ࡞ࡿศᯒࢆせࡍࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ୰࡛ᠬᡄฎศࡢἲⓗጇᙜᛶࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓุ᩿ࡢ⵳✚ࡣᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟
ᑐࡍࡿᢚṆຠᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ62ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ2010 ᖺ࡟ UNAT ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕOIOS ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡓ

50

Ibid., p.9; Secretary-General, “Report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services on strengthening the investigation functions in
the United Nations”, UN Doc. A/58/708 (10 February 2004), paras.26-27; UN Doc. A/RES/59/287 (21 April 2005), paras.6, 9.
51
OIOS ࡀ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨࢆ㝖ࡁࠊ௚ࡢ PKO せဨࡢ㔜኱࡞㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊOIOS Investigations
Division, op. cit., pp.19-26.
52㔠Ṋࠕ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠖ202 㡫ࠋ
53㌷஦㒊㝲せဨMoU Art.7 quater, 7.10. ࡞࠾ࠊྠࡌࡃ㒊㝲࡜ࡋ࡚ὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡿ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㐃ࡀ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿᶒ
฼ࢆᣢࡘ࡜ࡋࠊOIOS ࢆྵࡴᅜ㐃ࡢㄪᰝᶵ㛵࡟ࡼࡿㄪᰝࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ Mou, Art.7 quater, 7.14.
54
ྠୖArt.7 quater, 7.12.
55
ྠୖࠋ
56
ྠୖArt.7 quater, 7.13.
57
See OIOS, “Evaluation of the Enforcement and Remedial Assistance Efforts for Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by the United
Nations and Related Personnel in Peacekeeping Operations”, IED-15-001(15 May 2015), pp.15-16.
58
Zeid Report, paras. 33-36.
59
Secretary-General’s bulletin, Staff Regulations and Rules, Rule 10.2 (a) (i)(ᩥ᭩࡟ࡼࡿㆢ㈐)-(ix)㸦ゎ㞠㸧.
60
Staff Regulations and Rules, Rule 9.9 (b).
61ࡇࢀࡽࡢྖἲᶵ㛵ࡣ2009 ᖺ࡟ᅜ㐃⾜ᨻ⿢ุᡤࢆᨵ⤌ࡍࡿᙧ࡛タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࠋUN Doc. A/RES/63/253 (17 March 2009), Annex I(Statute of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal), Annex II (Statute of the United Nations Appeals Tribunal).
62
G. L. Moli, “Autonomy and Accountability of the UN in Peacekeeping Operations: The Case of the Central African Republic”,
Max Plank Yearbook of United Nations Law Vol.20 (2017), p.227.

-8-

༏ྡࡢ㝞㏙ࡢࡳ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࿌Ⓨࡣᨭᣢ࡛ࡁࡎࠊ༏ྡࡢ㝞㏙࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ᝟ሗࡣゎ㞠ࢆṇᙜ໬࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࡢุ᩿ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ63ࠋᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㏻ሗࡢከࡃࡀ༏ྡ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢุ᩿ࡢᇶ‽࡟ࡼࢀࡤᅜ㐃࡟ࡼࡿᠬᡄࡣ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢㄪᰝᡭ⥆࡞࡝ࡢぢ┤ࡋࡶᚲせ࡜࡞ࢁ࠺64ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ௚ࡢせဨ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐᛂࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡲࡎࠊᅜ㐃࡜ዎ⣙ࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛ PKO ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿዎ⣙⫋ဨ࣭ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ஦ົᒁࡀᐃࡵࡿዎ⣙᮲௳࡟࠾࠸࡚65ࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀዎ⣙ࡢ㔜せ஦㡯ࡢ㐪཯࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅜ㐃ࡣዎ⣙ࢆ⤊஢ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊ㌷஦┘どဨ࣭ᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㐃࡜ࡢ㛫࡛஺ࢃࡍ⣙᮰᭩ࡢ 5 㡯(a)࡟࠾࠸࡚ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀ㔜኱࡞㠀㐪⾜Ⅽࢆᵓᡂࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀ௵
⏝⤊஢ࢆྵࡴᠬᡄฎศࡢ⌮⏤࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᠬᡄฎศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊDPKO ࡀసᡂࡋࡓࠕᩥẸ㆙ᐹ⫋ဨ࠾ࡼࡧ㌷஦┘どဨࡢᠬᡄ஦⏤࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦ௧ࠖ66࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢᣦ
௧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡣ㔜኱࡞㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ㸦4 㡯㸧ࠊࡑࡢ㐪཯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㏦㑏ฎศ(repatriation)ࡸ㓄⨨㌿᥮࡞࡝ࡢ⾜ᨻୖࡢᥐ⨨࠾ࡼࡧ㸭ࡲࡓࡣᠬᡄฎศࢆཷࡅࡿ㸦23 㡯㸧࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜ㐃࡟ࡼࡿᠬᡄ࡞
࡝࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊྛせဨࡣᅜ⡠ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿᠬᡄᡭ⥆࡟᭹ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ㸦24 㡯㸧ࠋᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢせဨࡀᅜ⡠ᅜࡢ㆙ᐹࡸ㌷㝲࡟ᡤᒓࡋࡘࡘὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡿಶே࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᅜ㐃࡟ࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ᠬᡄᶒࡢࡳࡀㄆ
ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᅜ㐃࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㐃࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ィ⏬࡟ࡼࡾ㞠⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࡑࡢ໅ົ᮲௳ XVIII ⠇࡟ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡿ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡜ᠬᡄᡭ⥆࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ฎศࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ67ࠋ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⪅ࡣ UNV ᠬᡄࣃࢿࣝ(UNV disciplinary panel)࡟ࡼࡿᠬᡄᡭ⥆࡟௜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ༶᫬
ゎ㞠ࢆྵࡴᠬᡄฎศࡀㄢࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࣭㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡢᅜᐙᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿ㌷㝲ࡸ㆙ᐹࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚ PKO ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛௚ࡢせဨ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿᆅ఩ࢆᣢࡘࠋᅜ㐃ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ㒊㝲࡟㛵ࡍࡿ඲㠃ⓗ࡞ᣦ᥹ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊPKO ࡢάືࢆつᚊࡍࡿసᡓୖࡢᣦ᥹(operational command)ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡾ68ࠊࡇࢀ࡟ࡣせဨࡢᠬᡄᶒࡸ௨ୗ࡛㏙࡭ࡿฮ஦⿢ุᶒࡢ⾜౑ࡣྵࡲࢀ࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊ1991
ᖺࡢࣔࢹࣝරຊᥦ౪༠ᐃⲡ᱌࡟࠾࠸࡚つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟69ࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡟㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀᠬᡄᶒࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀ
࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㌷஦┘どဨ࣭ᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᠬᡄฎศࢆྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ DPKO ࡢᣦ௧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢᣦ௧ࡀ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡣ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡎࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀᠬᡄᶒࢆᣢࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡸࡸ᭕
᫕࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ70ࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ᠬᡄᶒࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᅜ㐃ࡶᠬᡄฎศ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
⾜ᨻୖࡢᥐ⨨࡜ࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ71ࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㌷஦㸦㆙ᐹ㸧㒊㝲せဨ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࠕὴ㐵㒊㝲せဨ࡟㛵72ࡍࡿᠬᡄ஦⏤࡟ಀࡿᣦ௧ࠖ ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㏦㑏ฎศࡢỴᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᠬᡄ࡟ࡣࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡢ㛵୚ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ
2007 ᖺ࡟ᨵṇࡉࢀࡓࣔࢹࣝ MoU ࡛ࡣࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀᠬᡄᶒࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡟ࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡼࡿ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᠬᡄᡭ⥆ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᅜ㐃࡟ᑐࡋ࡚☜⣙ࡍࡿ(assure)ࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᙜヱ஦᱌ࢆ㐺ษ࡞
63

Liyanarachchige c/ Secrétaire général de l’Organisation des Nations Unies, ARRET, 2010-TANU-087 (27 octobre 2010),
para.20.
64
Stern, op. cit., p.16.
65
UN Doc. ST/AI/2013/4 , Annex I (General Conditions of Contracts) , art. 2 (Standards of conduct).
66
DPKO, “Directives for Disciplinary Matters Involving Civilian Police Officers and Military Observers”, UN Doc.
DPKO/CPD/DDCPO/2003/001 & DPKO/MD/03/03/00994 (2003), paras.4, 23, 24. ࡇࡢᩥ᭩࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ(UN Doc. DPKO/PD/2006/00135)ࡢ௜ᒓᩥ᭩㸦Annex 12㸧࡟ῧ௜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ23 㡯࡟グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⾜ᨻୖࡢᥐ⨨࣭ᠬᡄฎศ࡟ “Recommendation to repatriate” ࡀ」ᩘグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡀ “Repatriation” ࡢㄗグ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
67
UNV programme, “Conditions of Service”, XVIII A 2㸦㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ㸧, XVIII C㸦UNV ᠬᡄࣃࢿࣝࡢᡭ⥆㸧, XVIII D 1㸦ᠬᡄฎศ㸧.
68
See M. Bothe, “Peacekeeping” in B. Simma et al. eds., The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary 3rd.ed. (OPU, 2011),
p.1183; ⸨⏣ஂ୍ࠗᅜ㐃ἲ࠘㸦᭷ᩫ㛶ࠊ1998 ᖺ㸧371-375 㡫ࠋ
69
See Secretary-General, “Model Agreement between the United Nations and Member States Contributing Personnel andEquipment to United Nations Peacekeeping Operations”, UN Doc. A/46/185 (23 May 1991), Annex, para. 8.
70
UN Doc. DPKO/CPD/DDCPO/2003/001 & DPKO/MD/03/03/00994 (2003), para.2, ft.1. ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ(UN Doc.
DPKO/PD/2006/00015)࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢ25 㡯ࡀ㔜኱࡞㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᠬᡄฎศࡣࠕᩥẸ㆙ᐹ⫋ဨ࠾ࡼࡧ㌷஦┘どဨࡢᠬᡄ஦⏤࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦ௧ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᠬᡄᶒࡣ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊせဨಶேࡀᅜ
㐃࡜ࡢ㛫࡛⨫ྡࡍࡿ⣙᮰᭩࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢ᭱⤊ẁⴠ࡛ࠊ⾜ືᇶ‽ࡢ㐪཯ࢆࡍࢀࡤᠬᡄᡭ⥆࡟ᚑ࠺࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ᠬᡄᡭ⥆ࡣࠊᩥゝୖࠊᅜ㐃ࡢᠬᡄᡭ⥆࡜ࡶゎࡋ࠺ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᠬᡄᶒ⾜౑ࡢ୺య࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭕᫕࡞㒊ศࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
71
See Zeid Report, A.35.
72
DPKO, “Directives for Disciplinary Matters Involving Military Members of National Contingents”, DPKO/MD/03/00993 (2003),
para.24. ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢỴᐃࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᚑࢃ࡞࠸⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᚋࡢᑐᛂࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶᣊ
᮰ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡣ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋIbid., para.25.

-9-ᙜᒁ࡟௜クࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ஦ົ⥲㛗࡟ᑐࡋ࡚஦᱌ࡢ᭱⤊⤖ᯝࢆྵࡵࠊ㐍ᤖ≧ἣࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜
ࡋࡓ73ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᩥゝ࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࢆἲⓗ࡟ᣊ᮰ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡓࠊሗ࿌࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᅜ㐃ࡀఱࡽ࠿ࡢᥐ⨨ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᅜ㐃࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ሗ࿌ࢆ⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺㐨⩏ⓗ࡞㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺ࡢࡳ
࡛࠶ࡿ74ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ OIOS ࡟ࡼࡿㄪᰝࢆ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀጉᐖࡍࡿ75࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡶࠊᵝࠎ࡞⌮⏤࠿ࡽᠬᡄᡭ⥆ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᾘᴟⓗ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㒊㝲せဨࡀ࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜⮬యࡀ୙ྡ㄃࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ஦ᐇࢆ㞃ⶸࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊᠬ
ᡄࡣ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡢᅜෆἲ௧㸦ྛᅜࡢ㌷ἲ࡞࡝㸧࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ㔜኱࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊἲ௧ୖࡢ≢⨥࡟ࡶ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ཝࡋ࠸ᠬᡄฎศࢆୗࡉ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊྛᅜࡢᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐ
ࡍࡿᠬᡄ➼ࡢᑐᛂࡣ༑ศ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓ76ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ஦ົ⥲㛗ࡣ㒊㝲せဨࡢ㏦㑏࡜࠸࠺ᚑ᮶ࡢᥐ⨨࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓࠋ౛࠼
ࡤࠊ
2015 ᖺ࠿ࡽ㏻ሗࢆཷࡅࡓ㒊㝲せဨࡢᅜ⡠㸦ὴ㐵ᅜࡢᅜྡ㸧ࡢࠕබ⾲࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ㠀㞴(naming and shaming)ࠖ
77ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ ࠋࡲࡓࠊᗈ⠊ࡲࡓࡣ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ」ᩘࡢ㒊㝲せဨࡀ࠸ࡿ୍ᛂࡢドᣐࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢᡤᒓࡍࡿ㒊㝲඲యࢆ㏦㑏ࡋ࠺ࡿ࡜ࡢᥐ⨨ࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ78ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㒊㝲඲య
ࡢ㏦㑏࡜࠸ࡗࡓᥐ⨨ࡣ࡜ࡽࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢᐇຠᛶࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ2016 ᖺ࡟Ᏻಖ⌮ࡣỴ㆟ 2272 ࢆ᥇ᢥࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢỴ㆟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀᗈ⠊ࡲࡓࡣ⤌⧊ⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓ☜࠿࡞ドᣐࡀ࠶ࡿ㒊㝲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᙜ
ヱ㒊㝲ࢆ㏦㑏ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓせဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࢆࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊ㈐௵㏣ཬࡸ஦ົ⥲㛗࡟ᑐࡍࡿሗ࿌ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣ㒊㝲඲యࢆ㓄⨨㌿᥮ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ஦ົ⥲㛗࡟せㄳࡋࡓ79ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ␲࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ಀࡿ㈝⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊㄪᰝࢆ᏶஢ࡋࠊ⿕␲஦ᐇࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟
࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ᡶᡠࡋࢆࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࡋ80ࠊ⤒῭ⓗഃ㠃ࡢᥐ⨨ࡶྜࢃࡏ࡚࡜ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᥐ⨨ࡣࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡣὴ㐵
࡟࠿࠿ࡿ㈝⏝ࢆ⮬ࡽ㈇ᢸࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㸦㌷஦㒊㝲࣭㆙ᐹ㒊㝲࡜ࡶ࡟㸧㒊㝲せဨ୍ேᙜࡓࡾ 1 ࠿᭶ 1410
ࢻࣝ(2017 ᖺ)ࡢᡶᡠࡋࢆᅜ㐃࠿ࡽཷࡅྲྀࡿ࡜࠸࠺せဨᥦ౪ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㈝⏝࡟ᑐࡍࡿᡶᡠ㔠(reimbursement
payments)ไᗘࢆ㏫࡟฼⏝ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ81ࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊ㏻ሗࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡢከ࠸㏵ୖᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡢᡶ
ᡠ㔠ࡀ㈗㔜࡞እ㈌⋓ᚓࡢᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ࡢ┠ⓗ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᥐ⨨ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ஦ົ⥲㛗ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛༑ศ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᅜᐙ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᅽຊࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ௨ୖ㏙࡭࡚ࡁࡓせဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᠬᡄฎศࡸ⾜ᨻୖࡢᥐ⨨ࡣࠊ᭱ࡶ㔜࠸ࡶࡢ࡛㸦༶᫬㸧ゎ㞠ࠊዎ⣙⤊஢
ࡲࡓࡣ㏦㑏࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡣᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓせဨࢆ PKO ࠿ࡽ᤼㝖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓせဨࡀ࠸࠿࡞ࡿฎศࡶཷࡅࡎ࡟ࠊPKO ࡟ཧຍࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿᘢᐖࢆ⪃៖ࡍࢀࡤࠊ᭷⏝࡞ᡭẁࡢ୍ࡘ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡋ
࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓฎศࢆཷࡅࡓಶே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⤒῭ⓗᦆኻࡸ㠃┠ࢆኻ࠺࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㝈ࡽࢀࡓไ⿢ࡢព࿡ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢࡣࠊ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ PKO せဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿฮ஦㈐௵ࡢ㏣
ཬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
73

㌷஦㒊㝲せဨMoU, Article 7 quinquiens, 7.23, Article 7 sexiens, 7.24. ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨMoU, Article 7 quinquiens, 7.20, Article 7

sexiens, 7.22.
74

C. Ferstman, International Organization and the Fight for Accountability: the Remedies and Reparations Gap (OPU, 2017),
p.192.
75
General Assembly, “Investigation into sexual exploitation of refugees by aid workers in West Africa: Note by the
Secretary-General”, UN Doc. A/57/465 (11 October 2002), para. 38. See Simm, op. cit., p.59; 㔠Ṋࠕ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠖ204 㡫ࠋ
76㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡢㄪᰝẁ㝵ࡢᾘᴟⓗᑐᛂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
౛࠼ࡤࠊ
2015 ᖺࡢ OIOS ࡢሗ࿌᭩࡛ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
See OIOS, “Evaluation of the
Enforcement and Remedial Assistance Efforts for Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by the United Nations and Related Personnel
in Peacekeeping Operations”, IED-15-001 (15 May 2015), paras.9-29.
77
Secretary-General, “Special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and abuse”, UN Doc A/69/779 (13 February 2015),
para. 55. ⩣ 2016 ᖺࡢᖺḟሗ࿌᭩࠿ࡽࠊᅜྡࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࠋUN Doc. A/70/729 (16 February 2016), para. 28. ࡇࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡼࡿຠ
ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡣุ᩿ࡋ࠼࡞࠸ࡀࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊConduct in UN Field Missions ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ2008 ᖺ࡟ࡣᅜ㐃࠿ࡽ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟㏦௜
ࡉࢀࡓ㏻ሗࡢሗ࿌69 ௳࡟ᑐࡍࡿྛᅜࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ8 ௳ࠊ2009 ᖺ࡟ࡣ82 ௳࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ14 ௳࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ2015 ᖺ࡟ࡣ107௳࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㸦ࡑࢀ௨๓ࡢሗ࿌࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆྵࡵ࡚㸧115 ௳ࠊ2016 ᖺ࡟ࡣ189 ௳࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ174 ௳࡬࡜ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋConduct in
UN Field Missions, op. cit.
78
UN Doc A/69/779, para.54.
79
UN Doc. S/RES/2272 (11 March 2016), paras. 1-2. ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢỴ㆟ࡢ᥇ᢥ࡟ಀࡿᑂ㆟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ༢⊂ࡢせဨࡢ㠀㐪⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㒊㝲඲యࡢ㓄⨨㌿᥮ࢆつᐃࡍࡿ2 㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕ㞟ᅋฎ⨩(collective punishment)ࠖࢆ⛉ࡍࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࠊ࢚ࢪࣉࢺࠊࣟࢩ࢔࡞࡝
࠿ࡽࡼࡾཝ᱁࡞᮲௳ࢆㄢࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡢ཯ᑐពぢࡀฟࡉࢀࡓ(UN Doc. S/PV.7643 (11 March 2016), pp. 2, 3)ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㒊㝲ࡢ㏦㑏ࢆཷࡅࡓὴ㐵ᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᑗ᮶ࡢPKO ࡬ࡢཧຍࡑࢀ⮬యࢆぢྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࠋIbid., para.3.
80
UN Doc A/69/779, para.64.
81㌷஦㒊㝲せဨMoU, Annex A; ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨMoU, Annex A.

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3 PKO せဨࡀா᭷ࡍࡿච㝖࡜ฮ஦㈐௵ࡢ㏣ཬ
 PKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊᙉ࠿ࢇࡸᙉไ኎࠸ࢇ࡞࡝ࡣࠊྛᅜࡢᅜෆἲ௧ୖࡶ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2003 ᖺ࿌♧࡛ࡶゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≢⨥⾜Ⅽࡢሙྜࠊᅜࡢᶒ㝈࠶ࡿᙜᒁ࡟௜ク࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ㝿ࠊ࡝ࡢᅜࡀฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡣ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜ㝿ฮ஦⿢ุᡤࡢᑐ㇟≢⨥࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㝿≢⨥82ࢆ㝖ࡁࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࡣ≢⨥⾜Ⅽᆅ㸦࠾ࡼࡧ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡢᅜ⡠ᅜ㸧࡛࠶ࡿ PKO ࡢཷධᅜ࡜ຍᐖ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ
PKO せဨࡢᅜ⡠ᅜࡀ⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ2017 ᖺ࡟஦ົ⥲㛗ࡀᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞࢔
ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࡸᅜ㐃⥲఍Ỵ㆟83࡞࡝࡛ࡶゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᅜࡀฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑࡛ࡁࡎ࡟≢⨥⾜Ⅽࡀฎ⨩ࡉࢀࡎ࡟⤊ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࡣࠊPKO せဨࡀா᭷ࡍࡿච㝖ࡸྛᅜࡢฮ஦ྖἲไᗘࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ PKO ࡢἲⓗᆅ఩ࡣࠊᅜ㐃࡜ࡑࡢཷධᅜ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛⥾⤖ࡉࢀࡿᆅ఩༠ᐃ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ
ࡦ࡞ᙧ࡛࠶ࡿࣔࢹࣝᆅ఩༠ᐃ84࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊPKO ࡟ࡣᅜ㐃≉ᶒච㝖᮲⣙ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࠊPKO ⮬యࡣᅜ㐃ࡢ⿵ຓᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜ㐃ࡢ≉ᶒච㝖ࢆா᭷ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋPKO せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢᆅ఩࡟ᛂࡌ࡚≉ᶒච㝖ࢆா᭷ࡍࡿ
࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋྛ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ㛗࡛࠶ࡿ஦ົ⥲㛗≉ู௦⾲ࡸྛ㒊㛛ࡢྖ௧ᐁ➼ࡣࠊᅜ㐃≉ᶒච㝖᮲⣙ 5 ᮲ 19ࠊ27 㡯
࡟つᐃࡉࢀࡿ஦ົ⥲㛗ࡸ஦ົḟ㛗࡜ྠ୍ࡢእ஺≉ᶒච㝖ࢆா᭷ࡍࡿ㸦ࣔࢹࣝᆅ఩༠ᐃ 24 ᮲㸧ࠋᩥẸせဨ࡛࠶ࡿᅜ
㐃⫋ဨࡣࠊᅜ㐃≉ᶒච㝖᮲⣙ 5 ᮲࡟つᐃࡉࢀࡿࠕ⫋ဨࠖࡢ≉ᶒච㝖ࢆா᭷ࡍࡿ㸦ྠ 25 ᮲㸧ࠋ㌷஦┘どဨࠊᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨ85࡜࠸ࡗࡓᅜ㐃⫋ဨ௨እࡢせဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㐃≉ᶒච㝖᮲⣙ 6 ᮲࡟つᐃࡉࢀࡿࠕ௵ົࢆ⾜࠺ᑓ㛛ᐙࠖࡢ≉ᶒච㝖ࢆா᭷ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ㸦ྠ 26 ᮲㸧ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࣔࢹࣝᆅ఩༠ᐃ࡟ࡣ᫂♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ዎ⣙⫋ဨࡸࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱ
ࣥࢺࡣࠊୖ㏙ࡢዎ⣙᮲௳86࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕ௵ົࢆ⾜࠺ᑓ㛛ᐙࠖࡢᆅ఩ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀࠊᅜ㐃࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ࡣୖ㏙ࡢ
໅ົ᮲௳87࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᅜ㐃㛤Ⓨィ⏬ࡢ୍㒊࡜ࡋ࡚άືࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᅜ㐃㛤Ⓨィ⏬ᶆ‽ᇶᮏ᥼ຓ༠ᐃ㸦UNDP
Standard Basic Assistance Agreement (SBAA) 㸧࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠕ⫋ဨࠖ࡜ྠ➼ࡢ≉ᶒච㝖ࢆா᭷ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨࡣᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠕ௵ົࢆ⾜࠺ᑓ㛛ᐙࠖࡢᆅ఩ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㆙
ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ MoU ࡞࡝88࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶつᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡑࡢ⤌⧊ࡢែᵝ࠿ࡽ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࡢᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿ89ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࠕ⫋ဨࠖࡸࠕ௵ົࢆ⾜࠺ᑓ㛛ᐙࠖࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᶵ⬟ⓗච㝖ࢆா᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠕබⓗ㈨᱁࡛ࠖࡸࠕ௵ົࡢ
㐙⾜୰࡟ࠖ⾜ࡗࡓ⾜Ⅽࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᙜヱ⾜Ⅽࡀࠕබົ(on duty)ࠖ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣච㝖ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ
90ࠋࡇࡢච㝖࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ஦ົ⥲㛗ࡀᨺᲠࡍࡿᶒ฼ࡸ⩏ົࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ91ࠋ
82

ᮏ✏࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ᳨ウࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ࠺ࡕᗈ⠊ࡲࡓࡣ⤌⧊ⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㔜኱࡞≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ฮ஦⿢ุᡤ(ICC)࡛ࡢッ㏣ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋEg. M. O’Brien, “Sexual Exploitation and Beyond: Using the Rome Statute of theInternational Criminal Court to Prosecute UN Peacekeepers for Gender-based Crimes”, International Criminal Law Review
Vol.11 (2011), pp.803-827; Quénivet (2008), pp.420-430. ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
ICC࡛ッ㏣ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿᳨ウࡍ࡭ࡁ኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊICC ࡢᑐ㇟≢⨥࡛࠶ࡿே㐨࡟ᑐࡍࡿ≢⨥ࡸᡓத≢⨥ࡢᵓᡂせ௳㸦≉࡟ࠊᩥ⬦ⓗせ௳㸧ヱᙜᛶࠊ⟶㎄ᶒ⾜౑ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᮲௳࡛࠶
ࡿࢺ࣮࣓ࣜ࢞࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡸ⿵᏶ᛶࡢཎ๎ࠊᏳಖ⌮Ỵ㆟࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᤚᰝཪࡣッ㏣ࡢ12 ࢝᭶㛫ࡢᘏᮇ㸦ඛ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊUN Doc. S/RES/1422(12 July 2002)࡜ࡑࢀࢆ᭦᪂ࡋࡓUN Doc. S/RES/1487 (12 June 2003)ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࡸ㒊㝲せဨࡢICC ⟶㎄ᶒ࠿ࡽࡢ㝖እ㸦ඛ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࣜ࣋ࣜ࢔ከᅜ⡠㌷ὴ㐵࡟࠿࠿ࡿUN Doc. S/RES/1487 (12 June 2003), para.7㸧ࠊICC つ⛬98 ᮲ 2 㡯࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ஧ᅜ㛫༠ᐃࠊ࠸ࢃ
ࡺࡿࠕ98 ᮲༠ᐃࠖ࡟ࡼࡿ㒊㝲せဨࡢICC ⟶㎄ᶒ࠿ࡽࡢ㝖እ࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢㅖၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡉࡋ࠶ࡓࡾࠊR. S. Burke,“United Nations Military Peacekeeper Complicity in Sexual Abuse: The International Criminal Court or a Tri-hybrid Court” in
M. Bergsmo ed., Thematic Prosecution of International Sex Crimes 2nd ed. (Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher,2018)[hereinafter Burke (2018)], pp.323-382.
83
Eg. UN Doc. A/RES/71/278 (10 March 2017), para.6.
84
Secretary-General, “Model status-of-force agreement for peace-keeping operation “, UN Doc. A/45/594 (9 October 1990), Annex.
ྠ༠ᐃ3 ᮲㸦ᅜ㐃≉ᶒච㝖᮲⣙ࡢPKO ࡬ࡢ㐺⏝㸧ࠊྠ15 ᮲㸦⿵ຓᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢPKO㸧ཧ↷ࠋ85ᅉࡳ࡟ࠊᅜ㐃㆙ᐹせဨ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠕ௵ົࢆ⾜࠺ᑓ㛛ᐙࠖࡢ≉ᶒච㝖ࢆா᭷ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋUN Doc. DPKO/PD/2006/00135,
para.30.
86
UN Doc. ST/AI/2013/4, Contractual terms and conditions, Section 5.4.
87
UNV programme, op. cit., Introduction C. Privileges and Immunities.
88
㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨMoU, Article 7 quinquiens 7.17. ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡶ௵ົࢆ⾜࠺ᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࠋUN Doc.
DPKO/PD/2006/00015, para.30.
89
౛࠼ࡤࠊPKO ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࠾ࡼࡧ௵ົࢆ⾜࠺ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢฮ஦㈐௵࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊᑓ㛛ᐙ㒊఍ࡢሗ࿌᭩࡛ࡢᣦ᦬ࡀ
ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋGeneral Assembly, “Report of the Group of Legal Experts Ensuring the Accountability of United Nations Staff andExperts on Mission with Respect to Criminal Acts Committed in Peacekeeping Operations”, UN Doc. A/60/980 (16 August 2006),
para.22, ft.8.
90ᅜ㐃≉ᶒච㝖᮲⣙5 ᮲ 18 㡯(a)ࠊ6 ᮲ 22 㡯(b).

- 11 - ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣔࢹࣝᆅ఩༠ᐃ࡛ࠕ≉࡟ࡇࡢ༠ᐃ࡟つᐃࡉࢀࡿ≉ᶒཬࡧච㝖ࢆா᭷ࡍࡿࠖ㸦ྠ 27 ᮲㸧࡜つᐃࡉࢀࠊPKO ཷධᅜ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟᤼௚ⓗ࡞ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࡀ
ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ㸦ྠ 47 ᮲(b)㸧ࠋࡇࡢ᤼௚ⓗ࡞ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࡣ➨୍ḟᅜ㐃⥭ᛴ㌷(UNEF I)ᆅ఩༠ᐃࡸරຊᥦ౪
༠ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚᫂グࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ PKO ࡟ᢎ⥅ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ92ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨࡣࠊࡑࡢ⾜Ⅽ
ࡢᛶ㉁࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊཷධᅜࡢฮ஦⿢ุᶒ࠿ࡽࡢ⤯ᑐⓗච㝖(absolute immunity)ࢆா᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ93ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡼࡿ≢⨥⾜Ⅽࡢ㈐௵㏣ཬࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡣࠕ⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺☜⣙ࠖࢆᅜ㐃࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ྠ 48 ᮲㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊUNEF I ࡞࡝ึᮇࡢ PKO ࡛ࡢᐇ⾜ࢆ㝖ࡁࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ☜⣙ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊZeid ሗ࿌᭩94ࡣ MoU ࡟ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ☜⣙ࢆᐃࡵࡿࡼ࠺ಟṇࡢ່࿌ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆ
ཷࡅ࡚ࠊ2007 ᖺ࡟ᨵṇࡉࢀࡓ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ MoU95࡟࠾࠸࡚⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡍࡿ☜⣙ࢆ⾜࠺࡜ࡍࡿつᐃࡀᤄධࡉࢀ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀ᤼௚ⓗ࡞ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜࡟ࡣሀᣢࡉࢀࡓ96ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡟ PKO
ࡢ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟᤼௚ⓗ࡞ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊᶵ⬟ࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ཷධᅜࡢྖἲไᗘ࡛ࡣ㒊㝲せဨࡢᶒ฼ࡀಖ㞀ࡉࢀࡎࠊᏳ඲ࡀ☜ಖࡋ࠼࡞࠸࡜ࡢุ᩿࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜ㐃࠿ࡽࡢᡶᡠ㔠ࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿ
ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊཷධᅜࡢ⿢ุᶒ⾜౑ࢆㄆࡵࢀࡤࠊ㒊㝲せဨࡢ☜ಖࡀࡼࡾᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࡢᠱᛕࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ
ࡿ97ࠋ
 ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡍࡿ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ௨እࡢせဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢா᭷ࡍࡿච㝖࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࡝ࡢᅜࡢฮ஦⿢ุᶒࡀ⾜౑ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊᙜヱせဨ࡟ࡼࡿ⾜Ⅽࡀබົ࡜ࡋ࡚ච㝖ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࠿ྰ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࠊච㝖ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣᙜヱච㝖ࢆᨺᲠࡍࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࢆ஦ົ⥲㛗㸦PKO ࡢሙྜࡣ≉ู௦⾲㸧ࡀุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢุ᩿ࡣࠊ኱ࡁ࡞㔜ࡳࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡜ࠕ᥎ᐃࠖࡉࢀࠊ᭱ࡶㄝᚓຊࡢ࠶ࡿ⌮⏤࡟ࡼࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ᤼㝖ࡋ࠼࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ98ࠋ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊච㝖ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓୖ࡛஦ົ⥲㛗࡟ࡼࡿච㝖ࡢᨺᲠࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ౛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡞࡝99ࠊᐇ⾜ࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶᅜ㐃ࡢ௵ົࡸᶵ⬟࡜Ỵࡋ࡚㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊබົ୰࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡞࠸㸦බົእ(off duty)㸧
ࡢ⾜Ⅽ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊච㝖ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺100ࠋ ච㝖ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊཷධᅜࡀฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊཷධᅜࡀ୍᪉ⓗ࡟ᡭ⥆ࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊࣔࢹࣝᆅ఩༠ᐃ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊཷධᅜࡀᡭ⥆ࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿ๓࡟ᅜ㐃࠿ࡽࠕチྍࠖࢆᚓ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿ㸦ࣔࢹࣝᆅ఩༠ᐃ 47 ᮲(a)㸧
ࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡀཷධᅜࡢฮ஦ྖἲไᗘࡀᢪ࠼
ࡿၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋPKO ࡀὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡿᅜࡢྖἲไᗘࡣ᏶඲࡟ࡲࡓࡣᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡲࡓࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ேᶒ91ᅜ㐃≉ᶒච㝖᮲⣙5 ᮲ 20 㡯ࠊ6 ᮲ 23 㡯. ࡞࠾ࠊᅜ㐃࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊච㝖ࡢᨺᲠࡣ஦ົ⥲㛗ࡀุ᩿ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋUNV
programme, op. cit., Introduction C. Privileges and Immunities.
92㔠Ṋࠕ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠖ204 㡫ࠋ93࡞࠾ࠊྛᅜࡢ㌷஦㒊㝲࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢせဨࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᆅ఩༠ᐃࡀⓎຠࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊᅜᐙࡢ᭷ࡍࡿ୺ᶒච㝖࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㥔␃ᅜ࡞࡝࠿ࡽ
ࡢ⿢ุᶒච㝖ࢆா᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋSee Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy: Greece intervening),
Judgement (3 February 2012), paras.77-78. ࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊỈᓥ᭸๎ࠗ୺ᶒච㝖ࡢᅜ㝿ἲ࠘㸦ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫฟ∧఍ࠊ2012 ᖺ㸧
153-172 㡫ཧ↷ࠋ
94
Zeid Report, para.78.
95㌷஦㒊㝲せဨMoU, Article 7 quinquiens, 7.22.
96 ୰ኸ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝࡟㛵ࡍࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢᑂᰝሗ࿌᭩࡛ࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡢᅜࡢᑓᒓⓗ⿢ุᶒࡢᑐ㇟≢⨥ࢆ㝖ࡁࠊὴ㐵ᅜ࡜ཷධᅜࡀ≢⨥࡟ࡘ࠸࡚➇ྜⓗ⿢ุᶒࢆᣢࡕࠊ୍ḟⓗ⿢ุᶒࢆᣢࡘᅜࡀࡑࢀࢆ⾜౑ࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࡁ࡟௚᪉ࡢᅜࡀ⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ NATO ㌷ᆅ఩༠ᐃ࡜ྠᵝࡢෆᐜ࡟ኚ᭦ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜່࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋM. Deschamps, H. B. Jallow & Y. Sooka, Taking Action on Sexual Exploitation
and Abuse by Peacekeepers: Report of an Independent Review on Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by International
Peacekeeping Forces in the Central African Republic, (17 Dec. 2015), p.87; Simm, op. cit.,p.63.
97 F. Rawski, “To Waive or Not to Waive: Immunity and Accountability in UN Peacekeeping Operations”, Connecticut Journal ofInternational Law Vol.18 (2002), p.129. See Ferstman, op. cit., pp.191-192; Simm, op. cit., p.59.
98 Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Advisory
Opinion (29 April 1999), para.61.
99౛࠼ࡤࠊࠕᩥẸ㆙ᐹᐁཬࡧ㌷஦┘どဨࡢᠬᡄ஦⏤࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦ௧ࠖ28 㡯ࡣࠊ≢⨥࡜ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓሙྜࠊྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢀࡤ(if applicable)ࠊ஦
ົ⥲㛗࡟ࡼࡿච㝖ࡢᨺᲠࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࡜つᐃࡍࡿࠋUN Doc. DPKO/CPD/DDCPO/2003/001 and DPKO/MD/03/03/00994, para.28.
ࡇࡢࠕྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠖ࡜࠸࠺᮲௳ࡀࠊච㝖ࡀࡑࡶࡑࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍ࠿ࡣ᫂☜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ MoU
Article 7 quinquiens, 7.18 ࡣࠊ஦ົ⥲㛗ࡀ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ච㝖ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡜ᨺᲠࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆつᐃࡍࡿࠋ100 UN.Doc. A/60/980, para.21. See also M. Frederic, “The Vicarious Responsibility of the United Nations for 'Unintended
Consequences of Peace Operations”, in Aoi , de Coning & Thakur, op. cit., p.258; A. J. Miller, “Legal Aspects of Stopping Sexual
Exploitation and Abuse in UN Peacekeeping Operations”, Cornell International Law Journal Vol. 39 (2006), p.92; Simm, op. cit.,
pp.82-83. ࡞࠾ࠊ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ⾜Ⅽ࡟ච㝖ࡀ௜୚ࡉࢀ࡞࠸࠿ࠊࡲࡓࠊච㝖ࡀᨺᲠࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨ウࡣู✏࡛ㄽࡎࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ

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ᇶ‽ࡸ㐺ṇᡭ⥆ࡀಖドࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ101ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓཷධᅜ࡟ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࡢ⾜౑ࢆㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡜
࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊேᶒୖࡢ⪃៖࠿ࡽุ᩿ᶒࢆᣢࡘ஦ົ⥲㛗㸦≉ู௦⾲㸧ࡀච㝖ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ102ࠋࡇࡢሙྜࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢせဨࡣච㝖ࢆா᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊཷධᅜࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᅜࡶฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ච㈐ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑࡛ࡁࡿཷධᅜ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊPKO ࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࡞࡝࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ッ㏣ࢆ⾜࠺ពᛮࢆḞࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ103ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊཷධᅜࡀ
ᨭ᥼ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿᅜ㝿⤌⧊ࡢ⫋ဨࡸ኱ᅜࡢእᅜே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟⏽⦰ࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊἲⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡢḞዴ࠿ࡽ㸦⤯ᑐⓗ࡞㸧ච㝖ࢆா᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ච㝖ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊཷධᅜࡀฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊ≢⨥⾜Ⅽࢆ⾜ࡗࡓせဨࡢᅜ⡠ᅜࡀฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡍࡿࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊከࡃࡢᅜᐙ࡛ࡣᣝၥࡸᡓத≢⨥࡜࠸ࡗࡓ᮲⣙࡛つไࡉࢀࡿ≢⨥⾜Ⅽࢆ㝖ࡁࠊ⮬ᅜẸࡢᅜእ≢࡟ᑐࡍࡿฎ⨩つᐃࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶᅜ⡠ᅜࡢฮ஦⿢ุᶒࡀ⾜౑࡛ࡁࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸104ࠋࡲࡓࠊ≢⨥⾜Ⅽࡢドᣐࡸドேࡣฮ஦ྖἲไᗘࡀᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ཷධᅜ࡟࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊྖἲඹຓ࡟ಀࡿッゴ⤒῭ୖࡢၥ㢟ࡸ㸦ྖἲඹຓࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸧ᅜ⡠ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚බุࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿドᣐせ௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࠺ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ105ࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ
ࠕ⫋ဨࠖࡸࠕ௵ົࢆ⾜࠺ᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ PKO せဨࡀච㈐ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿ⿢ุᶒୖࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆኻࡃࡍࡇ࡜
ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࠊ2006 ᖺ࡟஦ົ⥲㛗ࡀᣦྡࡋࡓἲᚊᑓ㛛ᐙ㒊఍࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࠾ࡼࡧ௵ົࢆ⾜࠺ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢฮ஦㈐௵࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᮲⣙ࠖⲡ᱌ࢆᥦฟࡉࢀࡓ106ࠋࡇࡢⲡ᱌ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋᑂ㆟࡟௜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸୍࡚ࡘࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊࡇࡢ᮲⣙ࡀᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊPKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ≢⨥⾜Ⅽࢆྵࡴ㔜኱࡞≢⨥࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣᅜෆἲ௧ୖࡢ㏻ᖖ≢⨥࡛࠶ࡾࠊྛᅜ࡟᪂ࡓ࡞❧ἲࢆồࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛
࡞࠸107ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ≢⨥⾜Ⅽᆅ࡛࠶ࡿཷධᅜ࡜ຍᐖ⪅࡛࠶ࡿせဨࡢᅜ⡠ᅜ࡟ࡣ⿢ุᶒࡢタᐃࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡢᅜ⡠ᅜ㸦↓ᅜ⡠⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᖖᒃᡤᅜ㸧࡟ࡣ⿢ุᶒࡢタᐃࢆチᐜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ108ࠋࡲࡓࠊドᣐ࣭ドேࡢ฼౽ᛶࡸせဨ࡟ࡼࡿཷධᅜࡢᅜෆἲ௧ᑛ㔜⩏ົ࡞࡝࠿ࡽࠊཷධᅜࡢ⿢ุᶒ⾜౑ࡀඃඛࡍࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ109ࠊཷධᅜࡢྖἲไᗘࡀᶵ⬟ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢᅜ㝿ἲ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡿᅜࡀ⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࢆ
☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ110ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊཷධᅜࡢᅜෆྖἲไᗘࡢᶵ⬟ᅇ᚟ࡸ⬟ຊᵓ⠏ࡀ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ111ࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ᮲⣙࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ≢⨥⪅ᡤᅾᆅᅜ࡟㸦ᬑ㐢୺⩏࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ㸧⿢ุᶒ⾜౑ࢆㄆࡵࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕᘬΏ
ࡍ࠿ッ㏣ࡍࡿ࠿ࠖࡢཎ๎ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟࠶ࡿ112ࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊಖㆤࡍ࡭ࡁ⌧ᆅࡢఫẸ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ PKO せဨࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜࠺࡜࠸࠺ಙ㢗ࡢẋᦆࡀࠊ㏻ᖖ≢⨥ࢆᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢ㛵ᚰ஦࡛࠶ࡿᅜ㝿≢⨥࡬࡜ኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿ࠿
ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ113ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊPKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚➨୕ᅜࡀ⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡋࡓࠕ࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁἲࠖࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ᮲⣙ⲡ᱌ࡣࡑࡢᚋᑂ⌮ࡉࢀࡿ౛ࡣぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ114ࠊ
ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ㌷ே㒊㝲せဨࢆ㝖ࡃ PKO せဨ115࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤫୍ⓗ࡞つ๎ࡢἲ඾໬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡸࡇࢀࡲ࡛⿢
ุᶒ⾜౑ࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᅜࡀᯝࡓࡍᙺ๭࡟ࡶ╔┠ࡋࡓⅬ࡛ࡣホ౯ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ116ࠋ

101

See Ferstman, op. cit., p.195; Simm, op. cit., p.57; Quénivet (2008), p.408.
op. cit., p.84; Miller, op. cit., p..92.
103
See Simm, op. cit., p.57; Quénivet (2008), p.408.
104
Ferstman, op. cit., p.196.
105
Ferstman, op. cit., pp.191-192; Simm, op. cit., p.59.
106
UN Doc. A/60/980, Annex III Draft convention on the criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission[hereinafter Draft convention on the criminal accountability]. ࡇࡢ᮲⣙ⲡ᱌ࡣ⥲఍ࡢᑂ㆟࡟௜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊ⥲఍➨ 6 ጤဨ఍ࡢ࢔ࢻ࣭࣍ࢵࢡጤဨ఍࡟௜クࡉࢀࡓࠋ࢔ࢻ࣭࣍ࢵࢡጤဨ఍࠿ࡽࡣሗ࿌᭩(UN Doc. A/62/54 (13 April 2007); UN Doc. A/63/54 (11 April2008))ࡀฟࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢᚋࡣసᴗ㒊఍࡛⥅⥆ᑂ㆟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
107
Draft convention on the criminal accountability, art.3, art.5.
108
Draft convention on the criminal accountability, art.4 (1), (2).
109
UN Doc. A/60/980, para.27 (b)-(d), para.44 (a).
110
UN Doc. A/60/980, paras. 40-42, 45-54.
111
UN Doc. A/60/980, paras.38-39.
112
Draft convention on the criminal accountability, art.4 (4).
113
UN Doc. A/60/980, paras.55-58.
114
F. Hampson and A. Kihara-Hunt, “The Accountability of Personnel Associated with Peacekeeping Operations” , in Aoi , deConing & Thakur op. cit., p.204. See Simm, op. cit., p.61.
115
Draft convention on the criminal accountability, art.2 (1), (2). ㆙ᐹ㒊㝲せဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿὴ㐵ᅜࡢ᤼௚ⓗ࡞ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࡢ⾜౑ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ゝཬࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(art. 2 (2) , ft.18)ࠋ
116 Quénivet (2007), p.666.
102 Simm,- 13 -

࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ≢⨥ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟࡜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀ㐺ษ࡟ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ2015 ᖺ௨㝆ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜❧ドࡉࢀࠊ᭱ࡶ㔜࠸ฮ஦ฎศࢆཷࡅࡓ⪅ࡣ 5 ᖺࡢᠬᙺ㸦ഇ⿦ࡋࡓ኎࠸ࢇ㸧ࠊࡑࡢ௚㸦ᙉ࠿
117
ࢇࢆྵࡵ㸧ࡣ㛗ࡃ࡚ 1 ᖺࠊ▷࠸ࡶࡢࡔ࡜ 2 ࢝᭶௨ୗࡢᢞ⊹➼࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨࡢ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᠬᡄ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡢᅜෆἲ௧㸦㌷ἲ࡞࡝㸧࡟ᚑࡗ࡚㌷஦ἲᘐ࡞࡝࡛ッ㏣ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ
ࡀࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶࠊᙜヱᅜෆἲ௧ࡀ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡜ᆒ⾮ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓ⨩๎ࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
㸦ᠬᡄ஦⏤࡜ࡣࡉࢀࡘࡘࡶ㸧ࡑࡶࡑࡶ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡜ࡋ࡚つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ࡯࠿ࠊୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅜ
እ≢ࡢฎ⨩つᐃࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡸබุࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿドே࣭ドᣐࡢ཰㞟ࡀᅔ㞴࡞ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᡭ⥆ࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㌷஦ἲᘐ⮬యࡀᢪ࠼ࡿ⊂❧ᛶ࣭බṇᛶ࡬ࡢ␲⩏118࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ≉Ṧ࡞⏨ᛶᩥ໬ࢆᣢࡘ㌷㝲࡜㛵㐃ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ㌷஦ἲᘐࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆᑂ⌮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㐺ษ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓᠱᛕࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᥦ᱌ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊZeid ሗ࿌᭩ࡶ່࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⌧ᆅ㌷஦ἲᘐ(on-site court martial)ࡢタ⨨࡛࠶ࡿ119ࠋ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀ᤼௚ⓗ࡞ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡋࡘࡘࠊ⌧ᆅ࡛⿢ุࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊドᣐ཰㞟ࡸドேႏၥ࡟㈨ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡸఫẸ࡬ࡢ࢔࢘ࢺ࣮ࣜࢳᶵ⬟ࡶᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ120ࠋࡑࡢタ⨨ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᅜෆἲࡢᨵṇࡸཷධᅜ࡟ࡼࡿཷㅙࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐇ⾜ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㏆ᖺࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ༡࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜࡀࡇ࠺ࡋࡓἲᘐࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ121ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ㌷஦ἲᘐ࡟㛵ࢃࡿୖ㏙ࡢᠱᛕࡀᡶᣔ࡛ࡁࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࣭௵ົࢆ⾜࠺ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢฮ
஦㈐௵࡟㛵ࡍࡿ≉ูጤဨ఍ࡢἲᚊᑓ㛛ᐙ㒊఍ࡀ 2006 ᖺࡢሗ࿌᭩࡛ᥦ᱌ࡋࡓΰྜἲᘐ(Hybrid tribunals)ࡢタ❧࡛࠶ࡿ122ࠋᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓΰྜἲᘐ࡜ࡣ⿢ุᐁ࣭㐺⏝ἲ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕᅜ㝿໬ࡉࢀࡓࠖᅜෆྖἲไᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡲ
࡛ࢩ࢚ࣛࣞ࢜ࢿࠊᮾࢳ࣮ࣔࣝࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ࠊࢥࢯ࣎ࠊࢭࢿ࢞ࣝ࡞࡝࡛タ❧ࡉࢀࠊ୍ᐃࡢᡂᯝࢆᣲࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿ123ࠋࡇࡢሗ࿌᭩ࡣୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㌷஦㒊㝲せဨࡢฮ஦㈐௵ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊΰྜἲᘐࡣᅜ㝿ⓗ୺యࡢ㛵୚࡟ࡼࡿṇᙜᛶࡢ☜ಖࠊᅜෆἲ࡜ᅜ㝿ἲୖࡢ≢⨥ࡢ཮᪉ࡢᑂ⌮ࠊ⤫୍ⓗ࡞ุ᩿ᇶ‽ࡢ᥇⏝࡞࡝ࡢ฼Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡜ཷධᅜࡢ฼ᐖᑐ❧ࢆㄪᩚࡋ࠺ࡿไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢタ❧ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡜ཷධᅜ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢྜពࢆᚓࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢタ⨨࡟Ⳙ኱࡞㈝⏝ࡀ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ
124ࠋࡇࡢ࡯࠿ࠊPKO ࢆὴ㐵ࡍࡿ᮲௳࡜ࡋ࡚ᆅ఩༠ᐃࡸ MoU ࡟࠾࠸࡚㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡜ཷධᅜࡀᅜ㐃࡜୕⪅࡛ྜពࡋ࡚タ⨨ࡍࡿ≉ูἲᘐࡢタ⨨ࡶᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ125ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ⌧ᆅ㌷஦ἲᘐ௨እࡢᡭẁࡣ࡜ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀ⮬ᅜࡢ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨࡢ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᤼௚ⓗ࡞ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ௚ᅜࢆྵࡵ௚
ࡢᶵ㛵࡟⛣ㆡࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸༴᝹ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸲 ⿕ᐖ⪅ᨭ᥼ ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊPKO せဨࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⿕ᐖࢆ୚࠼ࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㈺ൾࡍࡿ⩏ົࢆ㈇࠺
ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋබⓗ࡞௵ົ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊẸ஦⿢ุᶒ࠿ࡽࡢච㝖ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡢᅜ࡛ッゴࢆᥦ㉳ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢᡭ⥆ࡣ⥅⥆ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ126ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⮬ᅜࡢᅜෆྖἲไᗘࡣᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃࠊ
ࡲࡓࠊ㈈ᨻୖࡢၥ㢟ࡸゝㄒୖࡢ㞀ᐖ࡞࡝࠿ࡽእᅜࡢྖἲไᗘࢆ฼⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅࡟ࡼࡿᥦッࡣ⌧ᐇⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᩆ῭ࢆཷࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸⿕ᐖ⪅ࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ

117

Conduct in UN Field Missions, op. cit.
Burke (2018), p.372.
119
Zeid report, paras.35-36.
120
Simm, op. cit., pp.59-60.
121
UN Doc. A/71/818, Annex II, Best Practice of Member States. ࢥࣥࢦẸ୺ඹ࿴ᅜᏳᐃ໬࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ(MONUSCO)࡛ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜㏻ሗࡉࢀࡓ3 ྡ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑂ⌮ࢆࡋࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
122
UN Doc. A/60/980, paras.33-37.
123
See L. A. Dickinson, “The Promise of Hybrid Courts”, American Journal of International Law Vol. 97 (2003), pp.296̽300.
124
See Ferstman, op. cit., pp.197-198.
125
Burke (2018), pp.396-401. ᅜ㝿 NGO ࡛࠶ࡿAIDS-Free World ࡀ PKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ୙ฎ⨩ࢆ⤊ࢃࡽࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
┠ⓗ࡟2015 ᖺ࡟❧ࡕୖࡆࡓ Code Blue Campaign ࡶ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࢆไ㝈ࡍࡿࠕ⊂❧ࠊබṇ࡞≉ู࡞ྖἲไᗘࠖࡢタ❧ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋCode Blue, at http://www.codebluecampaign.com.
126౛࠼ࡤࠊࣔࢹࣝSOFA, para.49 (b).
118

- 14 - ࡑࡢᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡀࠊ2008 ᖺࡢࠕᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࠾ࡼࡧ㛵㐃せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ⿕ᐖ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᥼ຓ࡜ᨭ
᥼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㐃ࡢໟᣓⓗᡓ␎ࠖ127࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⥲఍Ỵ㆟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢỴ㆟࡛ࡣᅜ㐃ࡀ⿕ᐖࢆཷࡅࡓ࡜㏻ሗࡋࡓࠕ㏻ሗ⪅ࠖࠊ⿕ᐖࡀ❧ドࡉࢀࡓࠕ⿕ᐖ⪅ࠖࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ⤖ᯝ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࠕPKO せဨࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࠖ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ᚲせ࡞㸦་⒪ࠊྖἲࠊᚰ⌮࡞࡝ࡢ㸧᥼ຓ࡜ᨭ᥼ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊPKO せဨࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟ࡼࡿぶᏊ㛵ಀ☜ㄆࡢッ࠼࡟ᅜ㐃࡜ຍ┕ᅜࡀ༠ຊࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶつᐃࡉࢀࡓ128ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࡢᡓ␎ࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡍࡿಶேࡢ㈐௵ࢆῶࡌࡿ
ࡶࡢ࡛ࡶࠊ௦᭰ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ㈺ൾࢆពᅗࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟129ࠊᅜ㐃࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢἲⓗ㈐௵ࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ PKO せဨಶேࡀ㈇࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅜ㐃⮬㌟ࡀ㈇࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ
130ࠋ ࡇࡢໟᣓⓗᡓ␎࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊᅜ㐃せဨ࡞࡝ࡀάືࡍࡿྛᅜ࡟⿕ᐖ⪅᥼ຓᶵ㛵(SEA Victim AssistanceMechanisms: SEA/VAMs)ࡀタࡅࡽࢀࠊ㛵㐃ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࡸ⌧ᆅ NGO ࡞࡝࡜༠ຊࡋ࡚⿕ᐖ⪅࡬ࡢᨭ᥼ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ2015 ᖺࡢ OIOS ࡢሗ࿌᭩࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᨭ᥼ᶵ㛵࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄆᐃࢆཷࡅࡓ≛≅⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕ୍㒊ࡢ⪅ࡋ࠿ᨭ᥼ࢆཷࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡲࡓࠊᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿᨭ᥼ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚༑ศ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺㔜኱࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡓ131ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㝈ᐃⓗ࡞⿕ᐖ⪅࡟ࡋ࠿ᨭ᥼ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
ᨭ᥼࡟ಀࡿ㈨㔠ࡢ୙㊊࡜ࡑࡢᐇ᪋ࢆ⌧ᆅࡢᶵ㛵࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ132ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ2015 ᖺ࡟஦ົ⥲㛗ࡣᨭ᥼ࡢ㈨ᮏࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⿕ᐖ⪅ᨭ᥼ಙクᇶ㔠(Trust Fund in Support of Victims of Sexual
Exploitation and Abuse)ࢆタ❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ133ࠊ⩣ᖺ 3 ᭶࠿ࡽ㐠⏝ࢆጞࡵࡓࠋᇶ㔠ࡢཎ㈨ࡣࠊᅜ㐃⥲఍Ỵ㆟࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓPKO せဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜ㐃ࡢᡶᡠ㔠࡜ຍ┕ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗᣐฟ㔠࡛㈥࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࡉࢀ134ࠊ
2017 ᖺ 12 ᭶ࡢẁ㝵࡛ᣐฟ㔠 189 ୓ࢻࣝࠊᡶᡠ㔠176 ༓ࢻࣝࡀ㞟ࡵࡽࢀࡓ135ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᇶ㔠ࡣ⿕ᐖ⪅࡬ࡢᨭ᥼ࡢᥦ౪࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ᮶ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ⿕ᐖ⪅ಶே࡬ࡢ㈺ൾ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣၥ㢟ࡀṧࡿࡶࡢ࡛
ࡶ࠶ࡿ136ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡀྛᅜࡢᅜෆྖἲไᗘࡢୗ࡛⿕ᐖࡢᩆ῭ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠸⌧≧ࢆ㚷ࡳࢀࡤࠊḟၿࡢ⟇࡛ࡣ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋϫ ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟
 PKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡣᅜ㐃࡟ᑐࡍࡿಙ㢗ࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊPKO ࡀάືࡍࡿ⌧ᆅࡢఫẸ࡜ࡢಙ㢗㛵ಀࢆẋᦆࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ௵ົࡢ㐙⾜ࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑࠿ࡽࠊᅜ㐃ࡣᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙
ᐶᐜᨻ⟇ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰᰾࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡀᙜ᫬ࡢ Annan ஦ົ⥲㛗࡟ࡼࡿ 2003 ᖺ࿌♧࡛࠶ࡿࠋAnnan ஦ົ⥲㛗ࡀ PKO ᨵ㠉࡜ HIV/AIDS ᑐ⟇࡟ຊࢆὀ࠸࡛࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊPKO せဨ࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢၥ㢟ࡣ
127

General Assembly, “United Nations Comprehensive Strategy on Assistance and Support to Victims of Sexual Exploitation andAbuse by United Nations Staff and Related Personnel”, UN Doc. A/RES/62/214 (7 March 2008), Annex [hereinafter
Comprehensive Strategy]. ࡇࡢỴ㆟ࡣZeid ሗ࿌᭩࡛࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ່࿌ࢆཷࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋZeid ሗ࿌᭩࡛ࡣࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ㏻
ሗࢆ⾜࠺⿕ᐖ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨭ᥼ࡣᅜ㐃ࡢ㐨⩏ୖࡢ㈐ົ(incumbent)࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࠊࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡢࡓࡵࡢಙクᇶ㔠ࡢタ⨨ࢆ່࿌ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡓࠋSee Zeid Report, paras.52, 56 and 64. ࡲࡓࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡢከࡃࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅPKO せဨࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ࡜ࡑࡢẕぶࡀຎᝏ࡞⤒῭≧ἣୗ࡟࠾࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᙼ㸦ዪ㸧ࡽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨭ᥼ᐇ᪋ࡢ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ PKO せဨ࡜ࡑࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀ☜ㄆࡢࡓࡵࡢ DNA 㚷ᐃࡢ᥼ຓࡸPKO せဨಶேࡢไ⿢㔠ไᗘࡢ່࿌ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋSee ibid., paras.72, 76 and 73-75.
128Comprehensive Strategy, paras.6-8. PKO せဨࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᚲせ࡞ᨭ᥼ࢆཷࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ PKO せဨ࡜ࡢぶᏊ㛵ಀࡢ☜ㄆࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ๓ᥦ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊDNA ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆྵࡵࡓ᫂☜࡞ドᣐࡀ୙ྍḞ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ஦ົ⥲㛗ࡣ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟ྛ㒊㝲せဨࡢ DNA ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡼ࠺せㄳࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊࡇࡢᡭ⥆ࡣᙜ஦⪅ࡢ⮬Ⓨᛶ࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋSee
UN Doc. A/71/818, para.59 (b) (xiii).
129
Ibid., para.3.
130
2006 ᖺ࡟ᥦฟࡉࢀࡓࡇࡢໟᣓⓗᡓ␎࡟㛵ࡍࡿⲡ᱌࡛ࡣࠊᅜ㐃ࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ἲⓗ㈐௵ࢆ㈇ࢃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
UN Doc. A/60/877 (5 June 2006), Annex B (Draft United Nations comprehensive strategy on assistance and support to victims ofsexual exploitation and abuse by United Nations staff or related personnel), para.6. ᅜ㐃ࡢࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⪃࠼᪉࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ㐃⮬㌟ࡀ
ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ༑ศ࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡢἲⓗ㈐௵ࡸ PKO せဨࡢᶒ㝈㋒㉺ࡢ⾜Ⅽࡢᖐᒓ࡟ࡼࡿἲⓗ㈐௵ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ࡢᢈุࡶ࠶ࡿࠋA. Devereux, “Selective universality? Human rights accountability of the UN in post-conflict operations”
in B. Bowden, H. Charlesworth & J. Farrall eds., The Role of International Law in Rebuilding Societies after Conflict: Great
Expectations (Cambridge UP, 2009), p. 210.
131
ࡇࡢሗ࿌᭩࡛ࡣࠊ217 ྡࡢ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕ26 ྡ(12㸣)ࡢ⪅ࡋ࠿ᨭ᥼ࡢᥦ♧ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡍࡿࠋOIOS, IED-15-001, para. 57.
132
Ferstman, op. cit., p.108.
133
UN Doc. A/69/779, para.66 ; UN Doc. A/70/729, para.76.
134
UN Doc. A/RES/70/286 (8 July 2016), para.75. See aiso UN Doc. A70/729, para.76, UN Doc. A/71/818, para.34.
135
UN Doc. A/72/751, para.31.
136
See Deschamps, Jallow & Sooka, op. cit., p.84.

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ࡲࡉ࡟ႚ⥭ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡇࡢ 2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡀᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡜ࡋ࡚⚗Ṇࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ᗈ⠊࡛
࠶ࡾࠊPKO せဨ࡜⌧ᆅࡢఫẸ࡜ࡢ࠸࠿࡞ࡿᛶⓗ㛵ಀࢆࡶㄆࡵ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺❧ሙࡀ㈏࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ
㐪཯࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶᅜ㐃ࡀྲྀࡾ࠺ࡿ᭱ࡶ㔜࠸ᠬᡄฎศࡀ⛉ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ↛ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮏ✏᳨࡛ウࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ୙ᐶᐜᨻ⟇ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢㄢ㢟࡟┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡎࠊ஦ົ⥲㛗ࡢ࿌♧ࡣࠊཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ㐃⫋ဨ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࡳᣊ᮰ຊࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊከᵝ࡞せဨ࡛ᵓᡂࡉ
ࢀࡿ PKO ࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢせဨ࡟㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠ୍ࡢ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ௚ࡢ
せဨࠊ≉࡟ࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡀ኱ࡁࡃྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡟ྠ୍ࡢ⾜ືᇶ‽ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ
኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ2003 ᖺ࿌♧ࡢ㑂Ᏺࡀࡍ࡭࡚ࡢせဨ࡟⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ྲྀ⤌ࡳࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ
ࡓࡀࠊ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀᠬᡄᶒ࡜ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆᣢࡘ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣྛᅜ࡟ጤࡡࡊࡿࢆᚓࡎࠊ⤫୍ⓗ࡞ᇶ‽ࢆᚲࡎࡋࡶ㐺⏝࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ┦㐪ࡣࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢ㐪཯࡟ᑐࡍࡿᥐ⨨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㏻ሗࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊOIOS ࡀㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠺ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚άືࡍࡿࡀࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୺せ࡞㈐௵ࡣ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓࠊᐇ㝿ࡢᠬᡄࡸฮ஦㈐௵ࡢ㏣ཬࡶ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡢุ᩿࡟ࡼࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜࡀࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᾘᴟⓗ࡞ែᗘࢆ࡜ࢀࡤࠊ୙ᐶᐜᨻ⟇ࡣᐇຠᛶࢆኻ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ2015 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊᅜ㐃ࡣ㏻ሗࢆཷࡅࡓ㒊㝲せဨࡢᅜ⡠ࡢබ⾲ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡲࡓࠊㄪᰝࡸ㈐௵࠶ࡿ㒊㝲せဨࡢᠬᡄ➼࡟ᾘᴟⓗ࡞ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㒊㝲඲యࡢ㏦㑏ࢆ࿨ࡌ࠺ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᡭẁࢆㅮࡌࡿࡇ࡜
࡛ࠊᨻ἞ⓗ࡞ᅽຊࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡔጞࡲࡗࡓࡤ࠿ࡾࡢࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᥐ⨨ࡀ༑ศ࡞ຠᯝࢆᣢࡘ࠿ࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡢ
ᒎ㛤ࢆಗࡘࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡣࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ≢⨥⾜Ⅽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿฮ஦㈐௵ࡢ㏣ཬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜ㐃࡟ࡣ≢⨥⾜Ⅽࢆฎ⨩ࡍࡿฮ஦⿢ุᶒࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢせဨ࡟ᑐࡍࡿฮ஦㈐௵ࡢ㏣ཬࡣ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡢ㛵ಀᅜ࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀࡿࠋ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟᤼௚ⓗ࡞ฮ஦⿢ุᶒ࡟᭹ࡍࡿ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨࢆ㝖ࡅࡤࠊᅜ㐃⫋ဨࢆྵࡴ௚ࡢせဨࡣ≢⨥⾜Ⅽᆅ࡛࠶ࡿ PKO ཷධᅜࡢฮ஦⿢ุᶒ࡟᭹ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊPKO ཷධᅜࡢከࡃࡣᅜෆྖἲไᗘࡀ
༑ศ࡟ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡢᅜࡀࡇࢀ࡟௦ࢃࡗ࡚ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣᛶ
ⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜእ≢ࡢฎ⨩つᐃ࡞࡝ࠊྛᅜࡢᅜෆἲ௧ࡢᩚഛࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝
㐍ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㌷஦㒊㝲せဨ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ฮ஦⿢ุᶒࢆ⾜౑ࡍࡿ㒊㝲ὴ㐵ᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㐺ษ࡞ฮ஦ᡭ⥆ࡀ࡜ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ࡢᢈุࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿྲྀ⤌ࡳࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟୙ᐶᐜᨻ⟇ࡢᐇ᪋࡟࠿࠿ࡿㄢ㢟ࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡟㛵ࢃࡿྛᅜࡢㄆ㆑ࡢᕪࡶ኱ࡁࡃࠊᐜ᫆࡟ゎỴ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ⢓ࡾᙉ࠸ྲྀ⤌ࡳࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊෑ㢌࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡣྖἲไᗘࡸ♫఍ไᗘ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᅜࡢᶵ⬟ࡀኻࢃࢀࠊࡲࡓࠊᮏ
᮶࡞ࡽಖㆤࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁዪᛶࡸᏊ࡝ࡶࡀᐙ᪘ࡸᆅᇦඹྠయ࠿ࡽಖㆤࡀཷࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⏨ᛶ୰ᚰ࡛⤌⧊ࡉࢀࡿ PKO せဨࡀ㛵୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣ PKO せဨࡢᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ࡢࡳࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࡀࠊከᅜ⡠㌷ࡢ㒊㝲せဨࠊ㸦἞Ᏻ⥔ᣢ࡞࡝࡟࠶ࡓࡿ㸧Ẹ㛫㌷஦఍♫(PMSC)ࡢ⫋ဨࠊᅜ㐃ࡢ௚ࡢᶵ㛵ࡢせဨ137ࡸேᶒ NGO ࡢ⫋ဨ138࡟ࡼࡿᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡶከᩘሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊPKO せဨࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⣮தᚋࡢ♫఍࡟⤒῭ⓗࠊ♫఍ⓗ࡟ඃ఩࡟࠶ࡿ⌧ᆅఫẸ࡛࡞࠸⏨ᛶࡀ㛵୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡣ⏕ࡌࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡓከᵝ࡞せဨ࡜⌧ᆅࡢఫẸࡢே✀ࠊᩥ໬ࠊゝㄒ➼ࡢ┦㐪ࡀࠊ≉࡟ࠊ⌧ᆅࡢዪᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᕪูព㆑ࢆច㉳ࡋࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࢆቑ㛗ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᛶ
ⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡣ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ᕪู139ࠊᩥ໬ⓗ࡞ᕪูព㆑࡟῝ࡃ᰿ᕪࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࢀ
ࡤࠊዪᛶࡸᏊ࡝ࡶࡢᕷẸⓗࠊᨻ἞ⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗཬࡧ♫఍ⓗᶒ฼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡓせဨࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⌧ᆅࡢఫẸ⮬㌟ࡢㄆ㆑ࡶኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ≉࡟ࠊ⣮தᚋࡢ♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ዪᛶࡸᏊ࡝ࡶࡀ᫹ࡉࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺≧ἣࢆᨵၿࡍࡿᡓ
␎ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ

࠙௜グࠚᮏ◊✲ࡣ JSPS ⛉◊㈝ 16K03319 ࡢຓᡂ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

137

஦ົ⥲㛗ࡢᖺḟሗ࿌᭩࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊᅜ㐃㞴Ẹ㧗➼ᘚົᐁ஦ົᡤ(UNHCR)࡟ᑐࡋ࡚39 ௳ࠊᅜ㐃⛣ఫᶵ㛵(IOM) ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚9௳ࠊᅜ㐃ඣ❺ᇶ㔠(UNICEF)࡟ᑐࡋ࡚8 ௳࡞࡝ࡢ㏻ሗࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋUN Doc. A/72/751, para.65, ft.15. ࡇࢀࡽࡢᶵ㛵ࡀ㞴Ẹࠊᅜෆ㑊㞴ẸࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࠊࡑࡢᨭ᥼࡟ᙜࡓࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㚷ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊᛶⓗᦢྲྀ࣭⹢ᚅࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠸࠿࡟᰿῝࠸ࡶࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢドᕥ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
138
NGO ࡢ⫋ဨ࡜⌧ᆅఫẸࡢ㛫ࡢ㏻ሗࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᛶⓗ㛵ಀࡀከᩘ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋSee Csáky, op. cit., p.11.
139
UN Doc. A/71/818, para.9.

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