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Joint Crediting Mechanism Approved Methodology TH_AM011“Installation of Energy-efficient Refrigerators Using Natural Refrigerant at Cold Storage”

A. Title of the methodology
Installation of Energy-efficient Refrigerators Using Natural Refrigerant at Cold Storage,
Version 01.0

B. Terms and definitions
Terms
Secondary loop cooling system

Definitions
A secondary loop cooling system is an indirect coolingsystem that cools the object with a secondary refrigerant(e.g., brine) which is cooled by a primary refrigerant (e.g.,HFC). The secondary loop cooling system primarily consistsof the refrigerator which is mainly composed of thecompressor and heat exchangers as the primary refrigeration
cycle and pumps, heat exchangers and fans as the secondaryrefrigeration cycle.
The secondary loop cooling system is described as “primaryrefrigerant/secondary refrigerant” (e.g., “HFC/brine”).

Coefficient of Performance

COP is defined as a value calculated by dividing refrigeration(COP)

capacity by electricity consumption of a refrigerator under afull load condition. Electricity consumption of a refrigerator
is defined in this methodology as the electricity used tooperate the compressor. Electricity consumption of pumps forcirculating the secondary refrigerant, and other ancillaryequipment are not included in the COP calculation.
The room temperature conditions at which COPs arecalculated in this methodology are shown below:•Room temperature condition: - 25 deg. C, 0 deg. C, 5deg. C•

Natural refrigerant

Cooling water fed to condenser: inlet 32 deg. C

Natural refrigerant refers to naturally occurring substances1

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with refrigeration capacity and with zero ozone depletion
potential (ODP) (e.g. CO2 and NH3).
Periodical check

Periodical check is a periodical maintenance operation doneby the manufacturer or an agent who is authorized by themanufacturer to maintain refrigerator performance (notincluding part replacement or overhaul).

C. Summary of the methodology
Items
GHG

emission

Summary
reduction Energy-efficient refrigerators using natural refrigerant ismeasures
Calculation

introduced for energy saving at the cold storage.
ofreference Reference emissions are GHG emissions from reference

emissionsrefrigerators, calculated by using data of power consumption ofproject refrigerator, ratio of COPs of reference/project
refrigerators and CO2 emission factor for consumed electricity.

Calculationofproject Project emissions are GHG emissions from project refrigerator,emissions

calculated with power consumption of project refrigerator andCO2 emission factor for consumed electricity.

Monitoring parameters

Power consumption of project refrigerator

D. Eligibility criteria
This methodology is applicable to projects that satisfy all of the following criteria.
Criterion 1

Refrigerator(s) with a secondary loop cooling system using CO2 as a refrigerant
and equipped with inverter is installed at cold storage.

Criterion 2

COP of project refrigerator(s) installed in the project cooling system is more than
the threshold COP values set in the tables below. (“x” in the table represents
cooling capacity per unit.)
Room temperature

Cooling capacity

Threshold COPcondition(kW)value- 25 deg. C

42.4 ≤ x ≤ 340.0

1.71

0 deg. C

73.6 ≤ x ≤ 516.4

2.79

5 deg. C

86.2 ≤ x ≤ 612.6

3.20

2

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COP for the project refrigerator(s) are calculated with the following conditions:••

Room temperature condition: - 25 deg. C or 0 deg. C or 5 deg. CCooling water fed to condenser: inlet 32 deg. CCriterion 3

Periodical check is planned at least one (1) time annually.

Criterion 4

In the case of replacing the existing refrigerator with the project refrigerator, aplan for prevention of releasing refrigerant used in the existing refrigerator to theair (e.g. re-use of the equipment) is prepared. Execution of this plan is checked at
the time of verification, in order to confirm that refrigerant used for the existing
one replaced by the project is prevented from being released to the air.

E. Emission Sources and GHG types
Reference emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

Power consumption by the reference refrigerator

CO2Project emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

Power consumption by the project refrigerator

CO2

F. Establishment and calculation of reference emissions
F.1. Establishment of reference emissions
Reference emissions are calculated by multiplying the power consumption of project
refrigerator, ratio of COPs for reference/project refrigerators and CO2 emission factor for
consumed electricity.
The following types of cooling system are identified as possible cooling systems other than theproject system to be installed at cold storage:•For room temperature condition of -25 deg. C: HFC dry expansion (single loop), NH3
flooded, pump system (single loop), HFC/brine (secondary loop) and NH3/brine(secondary loop)•For room temperature condition of 0 deg. C and 5 deg. C: HFC dry expansion (single loop)

This methodology ensures that net emission reductions are achieved by applying the following
conservative assumptions:3

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Determination of default values for COPRE:

The maximum COP values of refrigerators among the data of possible type cooling systems
available in Thai market within the range specified by Criterion 2 is defined as the default
values of COPRE (1.71 for temperature condition of - 25 deg. C, 2.79 for temperature conditionof 0 deg. C and 3.20 for 5 deg. C) to ensure the net emission reductions.
⚫

Emissions associated with leakage of refrigerant in operation:

Among the possible types of cooling systems, two cooling systems use HFCs (R404A, GWP:
3,000-4,000) as refrigerant. The project cooling system uses a natural refrigerant that has a verysmall GWP (CO2: 1, NH3: less than 1).

However, emissions associated with leakage ofrefrigerant are not counted in the emission reduction calculation.
⚫

Project refrigerator equipped with inverter:

The project refrigerator is controlled by inverter technology. In this methodology, COP isdefined under the condition of full load although in reality a cold storage is often operated
under the condition of partial load where the efficiency of the refrigerator without inverter tends
to decrease because of its intermittent operation. Calculating emissions based on the COPs offull load conditions is deemed conservative since the efficiency of the project refrigerator islikely to be maintained either at the full load or at partial load condition as it is equipped withinverter.
F.2. Calculation of reference emissions

𝑅𝐸𝑝 = ∑ (𝐸𝐶𝑃𝐽,𝑖,𝑝 ×𝑖

𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑃𝐽,𝑖× 𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐 )𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅𝐸,𝑖Where𝑅𝐸𝑝

Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

𝐸𝐶𝑃𝐽,𝑖,𝑝Power consumption of project refrigerator i during the period p [MWh/p]

𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑃𝐽,𝑖

COP of project refrigerator i [-]𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅𝐸,𝑖COP of reference refrigerator i [-]𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐CO2 emission factor for consumed electricity [tCO2/MWh]i

Identification number of refrigerators

4

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G. Calculation of project emissions

𝑃𝐸𝑝 = ∑(𝐸𝐶𝑃𝐽,𝑖,𝑝 × 𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐 )𝑖Where𝑃𝐸𝑝

Project emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

𝐸𝐶𝑃𝐽,𝑖,𝑝Power consumption of project refrigerator i during the period p [MWh/p]

𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐CO2 emission factor for consumed electricity [tCO2/MWh]i

Identification number of refrigerators

H. Calculation of emissions reductions
𝐸𝑅𝑝 = 𝑅𝐸𝑝 − 𝑃𝐸𝑝
Where𝐸𝑅𝑝Emission reductions during the period p [tCO2/p]

𝑅𝐸𝑝Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

𝑃𝐸𝑝

Project emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

I. Data and parameters fixed ex ante
The source of each data and parameter fixed ex ante is listed as below.
Parameter
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑃𝐽,𝑖Description of data
COP of project refrigerator i [-].

SourceSpecifications of project
refrigerator i prepared for theThe room temperature conditions at which COPs

quotation or factory

are calculated in this methodology are shown

acceptance test data at thebelow:

time of shipment by•manufacturer.

Room temperature condition: - 25 deg. C, 0
deg. C, 5 deg. C•

Cooling water fed to condenser: inlet 32
deg. C5

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𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅𝐸,𝑖

COP of reference refrigerator i [-]The default COP values arederived from the maximum

The default values for COPRE,i is appliedvalue of COP among thedepending on the room temperature condition set

available data of the possible

for the project refrigerator i:

types of refrigerators except

Temperature

CoolingDefault

project within the range

condition

capacity

valuesspecified by Criterion 2.

- 25 deg. C

42.4 ≤ x ≤1.71

use of clear methodology.

340.0kW0 deg. C

73.6 ≤ x ≤2.79

Default values of COPRE,ishould be revised if516.4kW
5 deg. C

The survey should prove the86.2 ≤ x ≤3.20

necessary from survey result
which is conducted by JC or

612.6kW* “x” in the table represents cooling capacity per

project participants.

unit.
𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐CO2 emission factor for consumed electricity Case 1)[tCO2/MWh].

[Grid electricity]

When the project refrigerator consumes only 1) The

mostrecentvaluegrid electricity, 2) captive electricity or 3) available at the time ofelectricity directly supplied from other sources validation is applied and fixed(e.g. independent power producer (IPP), small for the monitoring period
power producer (SPP) and very small power thereafter. The data is sourced
producer (VSPP)) to the project site, the project from “Grid Emission Factor
participant applies the CO2 emission factor (GEF) of Thailand”, endorsed
respectively.

by Thailand Greenhouse Gas

When the project refrigerator may consume Management

Organizationelectricity supplied from more than 1 electric (TGO)

unlesssource, the project participant applies the CO2 instructedbyotherwise
theemission factor with the lowest value.

Committee.

[CO2 emission factor]

Case 2)

Case 1) Grid electricity[Captive electricity]

Joint

The most recent value available from the source For Option a)stated in this table at the time of validation

Specification of the captive
power

generation

systemCase 2) Captive electricity including

provided by the manufacturer

cogeneration system( 𝜂𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐 [%]). CO2 emission
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𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐 is determined based on the following

factor of the fossil fuel type

options:

used in the captive powera) Calculated from its power generation

generation system ( 𝐸𝐹𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙[tCO2/GJ])

efficiency (𝜂𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐 [%]) obtained frommanufacturer’s specification.
The power generation efficiency based on lower
heating value (LHV) of the captive power
generation system from the manufacturer’sspecification is applied;
𝐸𝐹𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 3.6 ×100× 𝐸𝐹𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙𝜂𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐b) Calculated from measured dataFor Option b)
Generated andsupplied
electricity by the captivepower generation system(𝐸𝐺𝑃𝐽,𝑝 [MWh/p]).
Fuel amount consumed by thecaptive power generation
system ( 𝐹𝐶𝑃𝐽,𝑝[mass orvolume/p]).
Net calorific value (𝑁𝐶𝑉𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙The power generation efficiency calculated from [GJ/mass or volume]) andmonitored data of the amount of fuel input for CO2 emission factor of thepower generation ( 𝐹𝐶𝑃𝐽,𝑝 ) and the amount of fuel ( 𝐸𝐹𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 [tCO2/GJ]) in
electricity generated (𝐸𝐺𝑃𝐽,𝑝 ) during the period p order of preference:
is applied. The measurement is conducted with 1) values provided by the fuelthe monitoring equipment to which calibration supplier;certificate is issued by an entity accredited under 2) measurement by the projectnational/international standards;
𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐 = 𝐹𝐶𝑃𝐽,𝑝 × 𝑁𝐶𝑉𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 × 𝐸𝐹𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 ×

participants;
1
𝐸𝐺𝑃𝐽,𝑝

Where:

3) regional or national default
values;4)

𝑁𝐶𝑉𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 : Net calorific value of consumed
fuel [GJ/mass or volume]

IPCC

default

valuesprovided in tables 1.2 and 1.4
of Ch.1 Vol.2 of 2006 IPCC
Guidelines on National GHG

Note:Inventories. Lower value isIn case the captive electricity generation systemapplied.

meets all of the following conditions, the value
in the following table may be applied to 𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐[Captive electricity withdepending on the consumed fuel type.

diesel fuel]⚫

The system is non-renewable generation

CDM approved small scale

systemmethodology: AMS-I.A.

⚫

Electricity generation capacity of the system
is less than or equal to 15 MW[Captive electricity withnatural gas]7

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fuel type

Diesel fuelNatural gas

2006 IPCC Guidelines on𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐

0.8 *10.46 *2

National GHG Inventories*1 The most recent value at the time offor the source of EF ofvalidation is applied.

natural gas.

*2 The value is calculated with the equation in the CDM Methodological tooloption a) above. The lower value of default "Determining the baseline
effective CO2 emission factor for natural gas efficiency(0.0543tCO2/GJ), and the most efficient value of electricofthermalenergyorgeneration

default efficiency for off-grid gas turbine systems systems version 02.0" for the(42%) are applied.

default efficiency for off-grid
power plants.

Case 3) Electricity directly supplied froma) The value provided by the electricity supplierCase 3)[Electricity directly supplied
from other sources including
cogeneration system]
For Option a)with the evidence;Theb) The value calculated in the same manner for

information relevant to thethe option a) of 2) captive electricity as

value of emission factor (e.g.

instructed above;

data of power generation, typec) The value calculated in the same manner forof power plant, type of fossil

the option b) of 2) captive electricity as

fuel, period of time).

other sources including cogeneration system
𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐 is determined based on the following
options:

evidence

instructed above;
When the project refrigerator may consume
electricity supplied from more than 1 electric
source, the project participant applies the CO2
emission factor with the lowest value.

History of the document
Version01.0

Date
20 September 2021

Contents revisedElectronic decision by the Joint Committee
Initial approval.

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