1212    
Technology and Human Resource Development in the Area of Nuclear Nonproliferation
and Nuclear Security to Support Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Nonproliferation Technology Developmentfor Japanese and International Applications
We have been developing proliferation-resistant nuclear
technologies, methodologies for evaluating proliferation
resistance, and advanced safeguard technologies throughcooperation with international partners such as the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE). In the field of environmental
sample analysis for safeguards, we have been providing
technical support to the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) as a part of the IAEA Network Labs.

Support for Government Policy Formulation Basedon Our Expertise
As a think tank in this area, we conduct policy research,including research on the issues to be addressed if the JapanU.S. Nuclear Cooperation Agreement is amended.
Strict Management of Nuclear Material at Our Own
Facilities and Utilization of the Experience Gained
from Management of Nuclear Material
We have had strict management of our nuclear material.
Moreover, we assist in the streamlining of inspections andproviding technical support to the Japanese Government andthe IAEA. We also provide support to the IAEA in the fieldof physical protection, and respond appropriately in case ofrevisions to Japanese legislation in this area.

Development of Measures to Accounting for andControl of Nuclear Material in Response to theaccident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company,
Incorporated Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power
Station (1F)
We have initiated an investigation of the measures required
to account for and control nuclear material that remains
within the core of the reactors, because conventional
measures of accounting and control cannot be applied to such
nuclear material.

New Efforts on Nuclear Security
On the basis of commitments of the Japanese government
at the Nuclear Security Summit in April 2010, we establishedthe Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation
and Nuclear Security (ISCN) in December 2010, and began
carrying out its mission of capacity building and infrastructuredevelopment, focusing on the Asian region.
Approximately 600 participants (approximately 280
participants mainly from Asian states) participated in thetraining courses and other activities organized by the ISCN inFY 2011. We are proud of the contributions that we aremaking in the area of capacity buildingFurthermore, in cooperation with the United States, wehave started developing technology for the measurement ofnuclear material, which will contribute to the advancement ofaccounting for and control of nuclear material, as well as fornuclear detection and forensics technology utilizing cooperation
with the United States. We will continue to provide support to
the Japanese government in the area of international
contributions by establishing an accurate technology by theend of 2013 and sharing such technology with theinternational community.

Contributions to the International Community Basedon Our Expertise and Experience
With respect to activities relating to the Comprehensive
Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), we have operated radionuclide
monitoring stations and established a national data center forthe analysis and evaluation of data collected at worldwide
radionuclide monitoring stations, and thus have contributed
to the establishment of an international monitoring system forthe detection of nuclear tests.
We have also played a significant role in increasing theunderstanding of the atmospheric diffusion of radioactivity
caused by the accident at 1F by using the network of CTBT
radionuclide monitoring stations.

EURATOM

IAEA

Cooperation
Development of Technology for
Nuclear Nonproliferation

DOE
Domesticorganizations

Proliferation-resistant nuclear technology
and methodology for evaluating proliferation
resistance
Advanced safeguard technologies

Support for Capacity Building andInfrastructure Development in Asian States

Policy Research
Policy research on the current issues
regarding peaceful use of nuclear energy
and nuclear nonproliferation

Enhancement of capacity building throughtraining and education
Support for infrastructure development,
including the development of legal systems,
regulations, and manuals
Domestic Human Resource

Development
Management/Protectionof Nuclear Material

Cooperative relationships withuniversities and related organizations
Support nationwide efforts for humancultivation throughout Japan

Effective and efficient management
Physical protection of nuclear materials
and nuclear facilities
Cooperation/support to IAEA, etc.

Development of technologies
for the measurement, detection, andforensics of nuclear material

Demonstration of an NDA system, developmentof nuclear resonance fluorescence NDA technology,
development of He3-alternative neutron detection
Establishment and improvement of nuclear
International Contribution
forensics technologies and creation of a
Advanced development of CTBT nuclear
domestic database
test verification technology and establishmentof an international monitoring system
Technical support for the disposition of Pu
from dismantled Russian nuclear weapons

Relevant
ministries

Cooperation
CTBT : Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
WINS : World Institute for Nuclear Security
ASNO : Australian Safeguards and Non-proliferation
DOE : Department of Energy
EURATOM: European Atomic Energy Community

ASNOWINS

Fig.12-1 JAEA activities for the development of science and technology for nuclear nonproliferation
We have two primary missions: to support the government in developing nuclear nonproliferation policies through research, and tosupport the government and international organizations by developing nuclear nonproliferation technology. In addition, we
appropriately implement the management of nuclear material and the development of related technology, and conduct capacitybuilding activities.
JAEA R&D Review 2012105