LUVOIR計画への参加(Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor)

Figure 13-20. Comparison of LUVOIR A to Hubble and James Webb
住貴宏

(大阪大)
2019/9/25, 光赤天連シンポジウム＠三鷹

Telescope

Candidate Instruments

Segmented, deployable UV/optical/
near-IR telescope

ECLIPS: Coronagraph with imaging
spectroscopy

Ultra-stable to enable highperformance coronagraphy
Serviceable and upgradable (25 yearlifetime goal for non-serviceablecomponents)
Earth-Sun L2 orbit
Two sizes to be studied :LUVOIR-A : 15 m diameter, forlaunch in an SLS or equivalent
LUVOIR-B : 89 m diameter, forlaunch in a Delta IV Heavy or
equivalent

Total bandpass: 200 – 2200 nm
Imaging
10-10 contrast
IWA - OWA: ~ 4 - 64 λ/D IFS
LUMOS: Multi-object spectrographand imager
Total bandpass: 100 – 400 nm
Resolution: 500 < R < 65,000
HDI: High resolution wide-fieldcameraTotal bandpass: 200 – 2500 nm
Field-of-view: 2’ x 3’ UVIS:3Gpix

NIR:320Mpix

POLLUX: Spectropolarimeter(European instrument)

Total bandpass: 100 – 400 nm
R = 120,000
Circular + linear polarization
September 24, 2019

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept2The Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR)

6concepts
LUVOIR A
15mOn-axis
4 instruments
Figure 4: The LUVOIR-A observatory, with a 15-m diameter on-axis primary mirror and fourThe
Large UV/Optical/Infrared(LUVOIR) at https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/design/.7
instruments.
Deployment and Surveyor
pointing animation
Credit: A. Jones (NASA GSFC)LUVOIR B
8m
Off-axis
3 instruments
Far-UV to nearIR bandpass(100 nm to2500 nm)
September 24, 2019

•Telescope optical designs to alleviate polarization effects that can degrade
coronagraph contrast (validated by analysis; Will & Fienup 2019, submitted)•A sunshade that is larger but simpler than the JWST sunshield (three layers insteadof JWST’s five, relaxed requirements on layer positioning after deployment)•A field-of-regard that covers most of the sky (LUVOIR can point to within 45° of theSun), greatly enhancing target of opportunity, exoplanet, and solar systemobservations•Moving target capability with tracking speed of 60 mas/sec (2x faster than JWST)•HDI: A near-UV to near-IR imager covering 200-2500 nm, diffraction limited andNyquist sampled at 500 nm, with high precision astrometry capability

Figure 5: The LUVOIR-B observatory, with an 8-m diameter off-axis primary mirror and three• ECLIPS: Deployment
A high-contrast
coronagraphwithat imaging
cameras and integral field
instruments.
and pointing
animation
https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/design/.
spectrographs
spanning
nm, capable
Bang(NASAto Biosignatures:
The LUVOIR Mission
Concept of directly observing a wide range
3Credit:A. Big
JonesGSFC) 200-2000

of exoplanets and obtaining spectra of their atmospheres

Main objectiveslHabitable exoplanets & biosignaturesl To know habitability, we must measure the molecular constituents ofEarth-size planets around Sun-like stars. demands analysing lightfrom the planets themselves via direct spectra.
l Measuring the frequency of Earth-like conditions on rocky worlds
requires surveying hundreds of stars to find dozens of candidate
exoplanets. strong driver of telescope aperture.

lBroad range of general astrophysics

the births and deaths of galaxies
Cycling of matter to, from and within galaxies can be studied by UV
spectroscopy, as the gas flows are hot and tenuous.
Illuminate mergers in forming massive galaxies by deep, highresolution imaging of all types of galaxies down to the smallest
building block across cosmic time.
lmonitoring the solar system
Search for life in icy moon. By high-resolution UV spectral imaging
of icy moons can reveal the currently unknown strength andfrequency of geyser activity.

lhost stars. Our knowledge of exoplanet properties is largely limited to orbits, masses,

LUVOIR Sciences•FigureResolvefaint stars and galaxies for galaxy formation.
1: LUVOIR will revolutionize huge areas of space science. Its sensitivity and spatial•resolution
Detect54the(15m)
Earth-likeplanetsregime,that canbe detailed
open
door &to 28
the(8m)ultra-faintand ultra-distantenabling
observations
the signs
full variety
galaxies. LUVOIR dramatically increases the sample size andprobedoffor
ofoflife.
of exoplanetsthat canobservation
be studied, providing
dozensof Earth-like
exoplanet candidates•diversity
Near-flyby
qualityofSolarsystembodies.
Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept5
September 24, 2019that can be probed for signs of life (54 with LUVOIR-A and 28 with LUVOIR-B) and hundreds ofCharacterizing Earth 2.0 …
Solar System from 13 parsec
with coronagraph and 12-m telescope

Inner working angle~4λ/DCredit: L. Pueyo / M. N’Diaye / A. Roberge
September 24, 2019

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

6Characterizing Earth 2.0 …
Distance = 10 pc
Dtelescope = 12-m
R = 150
Time = 96 hrs perband

Solar System from 13 parsec
with coronagraph and 12-m telescope

Inner working angle~4λ/DCredit: L. Pueyo / M. N’Diaye / A. Roberge
September 24, 2019

Credit: T. Robinson / G. Arney

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

7

Imagine astronomy with LUVOIR …

Galaxy at z = 2with HST
September 24, 2019

Galaxy at z = 2
with 12-m LUVOIRBig Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

8

How do galaxies assemble their stars?

HSTJWST
8-m
LUVOIR
16-m LUVOIR
Map of Galaxies within 12 Mpc of Our Galaxy= Large Elliptical GalaxyAndromeda with Hubble
September 24, 2019= Dwarf Galaxy= Large Spiral Galaxy
Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

9The least luminous galaxies ascommentbuilding block of galaxy formation

121110log (M*/M⊙)

98

Bright dwarfs
2.4
2.4
24m
m
4.0
4.0m
m

76

Classical dwarfs

6.56.5m
m
9.3
9 3m
9.3m
15.1
15.1m
m

54

Ultra-faint dwarfs

328

910

1112log (Mvir/M⊙)

1314246Redshift z

810Fig. 2 | LUVOIR’s view of the least luminous galaxies, the building blocks of galaxy formation, extends
to eras when the Universe was just 3% of its current age. This corresponds to the z = 10 point in theright panel, which shows the galaxy mass detection limits for LUVOIR-type architectures, including the15.1-m LUVOIR-A. M* is the galaxy mass in stars and Mvir is the galaxy halo (virial) mass. Credit: left
panel adapted from ref. 8, Annual Reviews; right panel M. Postman (STScI).

medium7.
become thlike our oactively foundergonage and nunderstan
highly incMuchand withi
as the gas
Ultraviole
done fromatmospheprocesses
result in b
also be remerged garole merg
galaxies b
imaging ocosmic timof galaxie
time whenredefining deep fields
HUDF
400 orbits
11.3 days (~1 Million sec)
4 filtersmAB ~ 29
Photometric bands, Limits are 5σ for point or point like sources in 100,000 seconds
limits for 200,000 seconds are 0.4 mag deeper

F225W

F275W

F336W

F475W

F606W

F775W

F850W

F125W

F160W

F220W

15m

32.9

33.0

33.4

33.6

33.4

33.1

32.6

33.5

33.2

30.2

9m

31.832.0

32.4

32.5

32.4

32.2

31.6

32.4

32.2

29.2

Micro shutter in LUMOS
Parsec-scale Resolution of Inflow,
Outflow, Dust, and Radiative transferin Nearby Galaxies

500 ≤ R ≤ 120,000

4x420x840

Imagine astronomy with LUVOIR …
Europa jets observedwith HST

Roth et al. (2014)
September 24, 2019

Europa jets observedwith 15-m LUVOIRUV hydrogen emission
Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

Credit: G. Ballester (LPL)
13

Imagine astronomy with LUVOIR …

Pluto with HST

Pluto with 15-m LUVOIRCredit: W. Harris (LPL)

September 24, 2019

Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept

14

Possible contributions from Japan• Components in Coronagraph instrument ECLIPS:coronagraph mask, polarization components. where we canleverage the heritage of Subaru/HiCIAO, WFIRST CGI and soon.
• UV detectors in LUMOS, POLUX: Funnel MCP, CMOS
electronics, photon-counting device, UV Diffraction grating.
Where we can leverage the heritage of HISAKI satellite anddevelopment of UV detectors for the ESA’s ARIEL mission.
• Ultra-stable Transit spectrograph: as an alternative instrument
or 2nd generation instrument.
• Ground station to downlink in Ka-band and TT&C (Telemetry,Tracking, and Command)• Development of data processing pipelines and Sciences.
15

Summary
LUVOIR has multiple primary science goals① Habitable exoplanets & biosignatures② Broad range of general astrophysics

and Solar System observations
LUVOIR will provide a statistical study ofGoal 1,factors of ~ 100 increased science grasp
over Hubble for Goal 2
Big Bang to Biosignatures: The LUVOIR Mission Concept16