ਫ਼ಿͅਖහ̱̀

‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ㐳  ਄↰ ๺ᄦ ⸳┙ᓟ 45 ᐕ૛ࠍ⚻ߚ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲߪ‫ޔ‬2000 ᐕ㧟᦬ߦቢੌߒߚᨰࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬో㕙⒖ォࠍᯏߦ‫⑼⾰‛ޔ‬ቇߦ߅ߌࠆ࿖㓙౒ห⎇ⓥᚲࠍ߼ߑߒߡ╙ਃ਎ઍߩ‛ᕈ⎇ߩᵴേࠍዷ㐿ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫⑔ޔߦᦼᤨߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ጊ೨ᚲ㐳ߩᓟࠍ߁ߌ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲߩㆇ༡ߩછߦᒰߚࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ᐔᚑ 16 ᐕ 4 ᦬߆ࠄᆎ߹ࠆ࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱൻࠍ೨ߦߒߚᄌ㕟ߩᤨᦼߦᚲ㐳ߣߥࠆߎߣߦ‫ޔ‬หᖱࠍ੤߃ߚỗബࠍᄙߊߩᣇ߆ࠄ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޔߦ߆ߒߚޕ‬ᄢቇ㒝⟎ߩో࿖౒ห೑↪⎇ⓥᚲߩ૏⟎ઃߌߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᧂߛਇ᣿⍎ߥㇱಽ߇ᄙ޿ߩ߇⃻⁁ߢߔ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱᴺ᩺ߩ᭎ⷐ‫ߪߢޠ‬ቇㇱ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⑼‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥᚲߥߤ߇ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭ߩ⋭઎ߢⷙቯߐࠇࠆߣߐࠇ‫ߡߞࠃߦߣߎߩߘޔ‬ၮ␆⎇ⓥߦኻߔࠆ࿖ߩᡰេ૕೙߇޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ᣿⏕ൻߐࠇࠆߣߩ⹺⼂߇޽ߞߚࠃ߁ߢߔ߇‫ᧄޔ‬ᐕ 2 ᦬㑑⼏᳿ቯߐࠇߚ࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫⸥ߩߎޔ‬ㅀ߇೥㒰ߐࠇᝄࠅ಴ߒߦᚯߞߚᒻߦߥ
ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ฦᄢቇ߇ᴺੱൻߐࠇߚᤨઍߦ߅ߌࠆో࿖౒ห೑↪⎇ⓥᚲߩ૏⟎ઃߌߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⼏⺰ߩㅴዷߣᴺੱ
ൻߐࠇߚᄢቇߩ೙ᐲ⸳⸘ࠍ⠨߃ࠆਛߢ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥᆫ߇ᰴ╙ߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡࠁߊߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ၮ␆⎇ⓥࠍߦߥ߁ਛᩭ⊛⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ࠍࠊ߇࿖ో૕ߩਛߢߤߩࠃ߁ߦ㈩⟎ߒߡ޿ߊ߆ో૕ࡊ࡜ࡦࠍߤߎ߆ߢ૞
ࠆᔅⷐᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣߪ޿߁߹ߢ߽޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬ਛᩭ⊛⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ߢ౒ห⎇ⓥ߇㊀ⷐߥᩇߦߥࠆߎߣߪ
ߎࠇ߹ߚᒰὼߩߎߣߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᴺੱൻߐࠇߚᄢቇ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩᄢቇߩ୘ᕈࠍ಴ߔߦߪ‫ߘޔ‬ߩࠃ߁ߥਛᩭ⊛⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ߩߤߩㇱಽࠍᒁ߈ฃߌࠆ߆୘‫ߩޘ‬ᄢቇߩᚢ⇛⊛್ᢿ߇ᔅⷐߦߥࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫‛ޕ‬ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲߣߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᄢቇᴺੱൻᤨઍߩో࿖౒ห೑↪⎇ⓥᚲߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ᳞߼ߡ⼏⺰ࠍ㊀ߨߡࠁ߈ߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ 3 ᦬ᧃߦਃᶆ‫ޔ‬ዊ⼱ਔᚲຬ߇ቯᐕㅌቭࠍㄫ߃ࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᐕᐲᧃ߹ߢߦߪ‫ ߦࠄߐޔ‬4 ฬߩᚲຬߩㅌ
ቭ‫ޔ‬ォ಴߇੍ቯߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ᤨޔߚ߹ޕ‬㒢ߩ߈ߚਛᕈሶᢔੂ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳߇ᡷ⚵ߐࠇ‫ ߩߎޔ‬4 ᦬ߦᣂ⸳ߐࠇߚਛᕈ
ሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ߦߪ‫ޔ‬㑐ଥ⠪ߩߏദജߦࠃࠅᣂᚲຬࡐࠬ࠻߇ 1 ߟ⹺߼ࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ ࠄࠇߎޕ‬7 ߟߩᚲຬࡐࠬ࠻
ࠍ↪޿ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⎇ⓥ૕೙ࠍ⚵߻ߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ߆ߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰ㕙ߩ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲߦߣߞߡᦨ㊀ⷐ⺖㗴ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᣂߒ޿ಽ㊁߳ߩዷ㐿ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡߔߢߦᚲౝߢ⼏⺰ࠍ㐿ᆎߒߡ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᑪ⸳⊛ߥᗧ⷗ࠍᄙߊߩᣇ߆ࠄ޿ߚߛߌࠆ੐ࠍᦼ
ᓙߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ᤓᐕᐲ৻ᐕ㑆ߦࠊߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᴺੱൻߦะߌߡฦㇱዪߩਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹᩺ߩ૞ᚑ૞ᬺ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬૞ᬺߩਛߢ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲߩਛ࡮㐳ᦼ⊛ߥ⺖㗴ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 17 ᐕᐲᧃߦᤨ㒢ߩ᧪ࠆ‛⾰⸳⸘⹏ଔᣉ⸳ߩᡷ⚵‫ࠃ߅ޔ‬߮ᒝ⏛႐ᣉ⸳ߩ዁᧪⸘↹ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚᭂ㒢ⅣႺ‛ᕈㇱ㐷ߩ዁᧪⸘↹╷ቯߦ߻ߌߡᣧᕆߥขࠅ⚵ߺ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽
ࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡ᧪߹ߒߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᣉ⸳‫ޔ‬ㇱ㐷ߩᡷ⚵⸘↹ߦߟ޿ߡߪࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߩߏᗧ⷗ࠍુ޿ߥ
߇ࠄߘߩᣇะࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ‫ޔ‬೨㗄ߢㅀߴߚᒰ㕙ߩᚲຬੱ੐ߦ߽‫ޔ‬಴᧪ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬෻ᤋߐߖߡࠁ߈ߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 㐳ᐕߩ ᩺ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹‫⑔ޔߪߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ጊ೨ᚲ㐳ߩᄢᄌߥߏദജߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫⷗ߩߘߛ߹ޔ‬ㅢߒ߇⷗߃ߡߎߥ޿⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬㑆‫᧲ޔ‬ᄢߩ⸘↹߆ࠄࠝ࡯࡞ࠫࡖࡄࡦߩ⸘↹߳ߣᄙዋߘߩᕈᩰࠍᄌ߃‫ޔ‬1߹ߚടㅦེࠍ฽߼⸘↹ߩⷙᮨ߽ᄢ߈ߥ߽ߩ߳ߣᄌㆫߒߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߢߔ‫ޕ‬᡼኿శࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ‫゠ޔ‬㆏᡼኿‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆᚲౝᄖߩ⧷⍮ࠍ⚿㓸ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᛂ㐿╷ࠍតߞߡࠁ߈ߚ޿ߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ એ਄‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲߩᒰ㕙ߩ⺖㗴ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߽ߩࠍ೉᜼ߒߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߦߪᄢᄌ㔍ߒߘ߁ߦ⷗߃ࠆ߽ߩ
߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ߩ᭴ᚑຬߩദജࠍ⚿㓸ߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪‫‛ޔ‬ᕈࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߩᣇ‫ߩޘ‬ᓮᡰេ߇޽ࠇ߫‫ߥޔ‬ࠎߣ߆⸃᳿ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߣ‫⥄⑳ޔ‬りߪᲧセ⊛ᭉⷰⷞߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᤨߣߒߡ⠨߃ㄟࠎߢߒ߹߁ߩߪ‫⧯ޔ‬ᚻ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩ⃻⁁ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇ㒮ᄢቇൻߢᄙߊߩഥᚻࡐࠬ࠻߇ഥᢎ᝼‫ޔ‬ᢎ᝼ࡐࠬ࠻߳ォ឵ߐࠇ‫ࠢ࠼ࠬࡐޔ‬೙ᐲ߇᜛లߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⾌ߩዋߥ߆ࠄߑࠆㇱಽ߇ฦ⒳ߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻
ߣߒߡਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬௑ะߦᜉゞ߇߆߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ࠇߘࠄ߆ࠢ࠼ࠬࡐޕ‬એᓟ߳ߩ೙ᐲ⸳
⸘ߪචಽߦߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦߪ⷗߃߹ߖࠎ‫ߩߎޕ‬೙ᐲ⸳⸘ߦࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߣߒߡขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣߪ㊀ⷐߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ߘߩ⢛ᓟߦ޽ࠆࠃࠅᧄ⾰⊛ߥ໧㗴ߪ‫⧯ޔ‬ᚻ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠝ࡝ࠫ࠽࡞ߥ઀੐ࠍᅑബߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᚑᨐࠍᱜᒰߦ⹏ଔߒߡ޿
ߊߎߣߛߣ⠨߃߹ߔ‫⧯ߪࠇߎޔߊߥ߽ߢ߹߁⸒ޕ‬ᚻ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦ㒢ߞߚ໧㗴ߢߪߥߊ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ‛ℂ޽ࠆ޿ߪ‛⾰⑼ቇߘ
ߩ߽ߩ߇࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢߦዷ㐿ߐࠇࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲߦ߅ߌࠆ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢߥ⎇ⓥߩዷ㐿ߦ޿ߐߐ߆ߢ߽⽸₂ߒ‫ޔ‬છᦼਛߩ⡯⽿ࠍో߁ߒߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫⊝ޕ‬᭽ߩߏᜰዉߏᡰេࠍಾߦ߅㗿޿⥌ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

2ȶฐͬ໤ৗ‫͈ݪࡄڠش‬ιΛ΃ͅ!Ƚ!పහ̜̹̽̀ͅȷ!

⑔ጊ ⑲ᢅ
ᚲ㐳ߣߒߡ࿷⡯ߒߚ 1999 ᐕ 4 ᦬߆ࠄߩ 4 ᐕ㑆‫ޔ‬ታߦ޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬㑆‫ޔ‬ᚲౝᄖߩ⊝᭽߆ࠄ޿ߚߛ޿ߚᄙᄢߥߏេഥ‫ߏޔ‬දജߦᡷ߼ߡᗵ⻢↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
ߎߩ 4 ᐕ㑆ࠍᝄࠅ㄰ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᐕ⴫ߣߒߡ߹ߣ߼ߚߩ߇೎⚕ߩ࿑(ᵈ)ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᦨᄢⴕ੐ߪ㐳ᐕߩ ᩺ߢ޽ߞߚ 2000 ᐕ 3 ᦬ߩ‫ࠄ߆ᧁᧄ౐ޟ‬ᨰ߳ߩో㕙⒖ォ‫┙࡮↹⸘ߩߘޕߔߢޠ‬᩺ߦߪ㑐ਈߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߇‫ޔ‬቟ጟ೨ᚲ㐳ߦࠃࠆචಽߥḰ஻߇޽ࠅ‫ోޟޔ‬㕙ᒁ⿧ߒ‫߇ޠ‬ή੐ታⴕߢ߈ߚߩߪ‫ߕ߹ޔ‬૗ࠃࠅߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬⒖ォᒰೋߪᣂࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬᨰߢߩᵴേߦᄢ߈ߥਇ቟ߣ✕ᒛ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ߇‫ߪߢ੹ޔ‬ᄢಽ⪭ߜ⌕߈‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ᨰᏒ࡮ᨰ໡Ꮏળ⼏ᚲ࡮᧲⪾࠹ࠢࡁࡊ࡜ࠩߣߩᣣᏱ⊛ߥߟߥ߇ࠅ߆ࠄ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥᚲో૕ߦ‫␠ޟ‬ળᕈ‫߇ޠ‬りߦઃ޿ߚߎߣߪ੍
ᗐᄖߩᚑᨐߢߒߚ‫ߩᧁᧄ౐ޕ‬㗃ߦߪߥ߆ߞߚ࿾ర࿾ၞߣߩᒝ޿ߟߥ߇ࠅ߇↢߹ࠇߚߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬዁᧪ߦะߌߡߩᄢ
߈ߥ⽷↥ߢߔ‫ޕ‬
หᤨߦ⒖ォߒߡ߈ߚቝቮ✢⎇ⓥᚲߦട߃‫ߪߢ੹ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮ᣂ㗔ၞഃᚑ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩખ㑆߽Ⴧ߃‫ޔ‬ቇౝᄖ߆ࠄᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬߦߥࠅߟߟ޽ࠆߩߪᄢᄌ༑߫ߒ޿㒢ࠅߢߔ‫ࠬࡄࡦࡖࠠޔߚ߹ޕ‬ౝߩ᥊߽ⷰᢛ޿ߟߟ
޽ࠅ‫ߚߞ޽ߦᧁᧄ౐ޔ‬᮸ᧁࠍ⒖ᬀߒߚ‫ߩᧁᧄ౐ޟ‬᫪‫ߣ⪲⚃ߩ⑺ޔߪߢ࡯࠽࡯ࠦޠ‬ᣧᤐߩ᪢‫ޔ‬᪉╬⟤ߒ޿྾ቄߩ
߁ߟࠅᄌࠊࠅࠍᭉߒ߼ࠆ߶ߤߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥᚲߩሽ࿷ᗧ⟵ߢ޽ࠆ‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥᚑᨐ‫߇ࠄ߆ࠇߎޔߪޠ‬ᱜᔨ႐ߢߔ‫ޔ⟎ⵝߦߢߔޕ‬ⅣႺߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩ⧘߇಴ߟߟ޽ࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔߒ‫ߔ߹ߔ߹ࠄ߆ࠇߎޔ‬਎⇇ߦ⊒ାߐࠇࠆᚑᨐ߇↢߹ࠇࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒝ࿕ߥቇ໧૕♽ࠍၮ␆ߦ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎ߩᧄ⾰ߦㄼࠆߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆ‛ᕈ‛ℂߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥኻ⽎ࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦᐢߍࠆߎߣߦࠃ
ࠅߎࠇ߆ࠄߩ‛⾰⑼ቇ⎇ⓥߩ‧ᒁゞߣߥࠆߪߕߢߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߢ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ࠍߪߓ߼‫᧲ޔ‬ർᄢ㊄⎇‫‛ޔ‬᭴⎇‫ޔ‬ಽሶ⎇‫ޔ‬੩ᄢൻ⎇ߩ 5 ⎇ⓥᚲߩㅪ៤ߢ 2 ᐕ೨ߦᆎ߼ߚᣂࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޟ‬ᣂߒ޿⎇ⓥࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦࠃࠆ㔚ሶ⋧㑐♽ߩ⎇ⓥ̆‛ℂቇߣൻቇߩ⌀ߩⲢวࠍ߼ߑߒߡ‫ޔߪޠ‬ㄭ޿዁᧪‫⇣ޔ‬ಽ㊁੤ᵹߣߒߡߩᄢ߈ߥᚑᨐࠍ੍ᗵߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⹜ߺ߇ߎࠇ߆ࠄ߽Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦዷ㐿ߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍᒝߊᏗᦸߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥᚲ⁛⥄ߩᚑᨐߩ⊒ାߦട߃‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥߩߪ‫౒ޟ‬ห೑↪⎇ⓥᚲ‫ߩߡߒߣޠ‬ᓎഀㆀⴕߢߔ‫ ┙⸳ޕ‬46 ᐕߦ߽ߥࠆߣ‫౒ޟߩ⊛⋡⟎⸳ޔ‬ห೑↪‫ޟߪࠇߘޕߚߒ߹ࠅ޽߇ߣߎ߁߹ߒߡࠇ⭯ߣࠆߔ߽߿߿߇␹♖ߩޠ‬⒖ォ‫ޠ‬߇ᦨᄢ⺖㗴ߩߣ߈ߦߪᱛ߻ࠍᓧߥ޿㕙߽޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ߇‫ᦨߪࠄ߆ࠇߎޔ‬ᄢ㒢ߩദജ߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ޕ‬ߘߩὐߢ‫ޟޔ‬㜞ノᐲశḮ‫ߢ߹߹ߩޠ↹⸘ޟߦߛᧂ߇ޠ‬ታ⃻ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢᄌ↳ߒ⸶ߥߊᕁߞ
ߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߦߐ߹ޕ‬ᱷᔨߩ৻⺆ߦዧ߈߹ߔ‫ࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬㑐ଥฦ૏ߩᄢᄌߥߏദജߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᱷߔߪ᧲ᄢᧄㇱߩᒝߊ᣿⏕ߥ᳿ᢿࠍᓙߟ⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫⟎⸳ߥ߁ࠃߩߤߦ⊛⚳ᦨޕ‬ᒻᘒߦߥࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߪਇ⏕ቯⷐ⚛߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫ߊ߆߽ߣޔ‬ታ⃻ߔࠆߎߣ߇╙৻ߢߔ‫ޕ‬࿷છਛ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹‫ߤ߶ޠ‬ᄢ߈ߥ଀ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߇‫ޔ‬‫ోޟ‬࿖౒ห೑↪‫ߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ᡷ߼ߡ⠨߃ߐߖࠄࠇ
ࠆ੐଀߇޿ߊߟ߽⷗ฃߌࠄࠇ‫ߦ߮ߚߩߘޔ‬ෂᯏᗵߦߣࠄࠊࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ోޟߩߎޔ߹޿ߡߒߘޕ‬࿖౒ห೑↪‫ߟߦޠ‬
3޿ߡߪᄢ߈ߥ໧㗴߇↢ߓߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬2003 ᐕ 2 ᦬ᧃߦ㑑⼏᳿ቯߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱᴺ‫ޠ‬᩺ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒝
⟎⎇ⓥᚲ߇‫⋭ޟ‬઎‫⸥ߦޠ‬タߐࠇߥߊߥߞߚߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬㒝⟎⎇ⓥᚲߦ߅ߌࠆ‫౒ޟ‬ห೑↪‫ߦޠ‬ኻߔࠆᴺᓞ⊛ߥ଻㓚߇ߥߊߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬਎⇇ߦ⹶ࠆ⁛․ߥ઀⚵ߺߢ޽ࠆ‫౒ޟ‬ห೑↪‫ࠅ޽ߩޠ‬ᣇࠍ‫߹޿ޔ‬ᚲౝߪ߽ߜࠈࠎࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖో૕ߢᘕ㊀ߦᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫߇ࠊޔߚ߹ޕ‬࿖ߦߪߎࠇ߆ࠄߩ‫ޟ‬ቇⴚ⎇ⓥ૕೙‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߤࠍޠ‬᭴▽ߒߡࠁߊ߆ߣ޿߁ࠣ
࡜ࡦ࠼࠺ࠩࠗࡦ߇ᰳ⪭ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ߡ߼ࠊ߈ߪࠇߎޔ‬ෂ㒾ߥߎߣߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬2004 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߩ࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱ⊒⿷߹ߢߦ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⠪ో૕߇ⴕ᡽ߣදജߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ᭴▽߳ߩ㆏╭ࠍ⷗ᭂ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ᄢᄌ㊀ⷐߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ࠊ߇࿖ߦߪ⃻࿷‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒝⟎⎇ⓥᚲ߇ 20 ᄢቇ 58 ⎇ⓥᚲ޽ࠅ‫ోޟߜ߁ߩߘޔ‬࿖౒ห೑↪‫ ߪဳޠ‬10 ᄢቇ 19 ⎇ⓥᚲߣߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߢ߽ᮨ▸⊛ߥ‫‛ޟ‬ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ‫߇ޠ‬ᨐߚߔᓎഀߪᄢᄌᄢ߈ߊ‫౒߽ࠄ߆ࠇߎޔ‬ห೑↪⎇ߩਛᩭߣߒߡߩᵴべ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫߇ࠊޔߚ߹ޕ‬࿖ߪ߽ߣࠃࠅ࿖㓙⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᨰ‫‛ߪޠ‬ᕈ‛ℂ࡮‛ᕈ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥߩਛᔃߦߥࠆ⾗ᩰ߇චಽ޽ࠅ߹ߔߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿‛⾰⑼ቇߩ‫ޟ‬ᢥ᣿ߩ⊒␽ߩ࿾‫ߣࠆߥߦޠ‬ାߓ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇ߆ࠄߩ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲߩᄢ޿ߥࠆ⊒ዷࠍᦼᓙߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬(ᵈ)ߎߩ࿑ߪ‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕ 11 ᦬ߦⴕߞߚ‫ޟ‬ഃ┙ 45 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨᢎ⡯ຬᙣ⺣ળ‫ߩޠ‬㓙ߦ⚫੺ߒߚ߽ߩߦᄙዋᚻࠍട߃ߚ߽
ߩߢߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᙣ⺣ળߪᦨㄭߩᄙ੐ߥ⁁ᴫߦ㈩ᘦߒߡౝベߢⴕ޿߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨⴕ੐ߪᄢⷙᮨߦⴕ߁ߎ
ߣߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬4ᐕ        ⴫ᚲౝߩ಴᧪੐㧔ᚲຬߩォ಴౉߶߆㧕




࡮ഃ┙㧔㚤႐ࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬ㧕࡮౐ᧄᧁࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬ߳⒖ォ࡮ᄢㇱ㐷೙ߦ⒖ⴕ࡮╙㧝࿁ ISSP ࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ‫᦭ޟ‬ᯏ⿥વዉ૕






࡮㧡ᄢㇱ㐷ߦᡷ⚵‫⹏⸘⸳⾰‛ޔ‬ଔᣉ⸳⸳⟎࡮ᨰࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬ⿠Ꮏᑼ
࡮ᣣ☨දജ‫ޟ‬ਛᕈሶᢔੂ‫ޠ‬㧔‛ᕈ⎇-ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭㧕 ࿖㓙⹏ଔᆔຬળ





ߩ‛ℂߣൻቇ‫ޠ‬࡮ഃ┙㧠㧜๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ⻠Ṷળ࡮৻⥸౏㐿࡮╙ 7 ࿁ ISSP ࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ‫ޟ‬ਛᕈሶᢔੂࠍ

೑↪ߒߚ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥߩᦨ೨✢‫ޠ‬


















࡮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥળࠪ࡝࡯࠭㧦ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ‛ᕈߩ⃻⁁ߣ዁᧪ዷᦸ‫ޠ‬࡮‫߅ࠬࡄࡦࡖࠠᧁᧄ౐ޟ‬೎ࠇળ‫ޠ‬࡮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥળࠪ࡝࡯࠭㧦వ┵ಽశ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥߩ⃻⁁ߣ዁᧪ዷᦸ‫ޠ‬࡮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥળࠪ࡝࡯࠭㧦⴫㕙࡮ੱᎿ‛⾰ߦ߅ߌࠆ‛ᕈ⑼ቇߩࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ‫ޠ‬࡮ᨰࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬߢߩో㕙⊛ᵴേ㐿ᆎ࡮‫‛ޟ‬ᕈ⎇ⓥ᜚ὐᢛ஻⸘↹ߩౕ૕ൻߦะߌߡ‫ޠ‬ቇⴚળ⼏‛⎇ㅪ‛ᕈኾ㐷ᆔຬળኻᄖႎ๔
࡮࿖㓙੤ᵹදቯ㧔MPI Dresden㧕࡮‫ޟ‬㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߒߡᢥ⑼ᄢ⤿߳ⷐᦸᦠឭ಴࡮┫Ꮏ⸥ᔨᑼౖ(⸥ᔨ⻠Ṷ㧦H. Rohrer)࡮ᨰࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬ৻⥸౏㐿(․೎⻠Ṷ㧦ᄖ᧛ᓆ)࡮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥળࠪ࡝࡯࠭㧦‛ᕈℂ⺰⎇ⓥߩࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖ
ࠕ‫ޠ‬࡮ቇⴚክ⼏ળടㅦེ⑼ቇㇱળ








࡮╙㧝࿁ᛛⴚ⊒⴫ળ࡮ἏᎹੳ㧔ᣂ‛⾰㧕ォ౉࡮᧻↰␭ม㧔ᣂ‛⾰㧕ォ౉࡮ᦺᣣะศ᤼㧔੐ോㇱ㐳㧕⌕છ࡮ᩑፒ᣿ੱ㧔゠㆏᡼኿㧕ォ಴࡮ศାᷕ㧔వ┵㗔ၞ㧕ォ౉ ࡮↰ਛ⯩৻㧔వ┵㗔ၞ㧕ቯᐕ ࡮㐳↰ବੱ㧔ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ㧕ォ౉ ࡮ᧁਅ⼾ᒾ㧔゠㆏᡼኿㧕ォ౉ ࡮ᑝ੗ༀੑ㧔‛⾰⸳⸘㧕ォ౉ ࡮⑔ጊ⑲ᢅ㧔ℂ⺰㧕ォ౉࡮㜞ᧁ⧷ౖ㧔ᣂ‛⾰㧕ォ಴ ࡮቟ጟᒄᔒ㧔ᣂ‛⾰㧕ቯᐕ࡮ട⮮␞ਃ㧔ᣂ‛⾰㧕ォ಴ ࡮᧻ਅ⵨⑲㧔ਛᕈሶ㧕ォ಴ ࡮㐳⼱Ꮉᐘ㓶㧔వ┵㗔ၞ㧕ォ౉ ࡮᧲੩ᄢቇᛛⴚ⡯ຬ⎇ୃ㧔‫⾰‛ޟ‬วᚑ⹏ଔ‫ޠ‬㧕 ࡮P. W. Anderson ṛ࿷㧔ቇ჻㒮ߩ᜗ᓙ㧕 ࡮᭏ේବ㇢㧔ᣂ‛⾰㧕ォ౉ ࡮ᴡ㊁౏ବ㧔వ┵㗔ၞ㧕ォ಴࡮ᧁ᧛ᙇ㧔੐ോㇱ㐳㧕⌕છ࡮ᛛⴚ⡯ຬߩㇱ㐷ᚲዻ೙ዉ౉
࡮࿖㓙੤ᵹቶ⸳⟎


࡮᧲੩ᄢቇᛛⴚ⡯ຬ⎇ୃ(‫ޟ‬వ┵ಽశ‫)ޠ‬࡮ᩊጊలᒄ㧔ਛᕈሶ㧕ォ౉ ࡮ᛛⴚ⡯ຬቶ⸳⟎ ࡮᡼኿శ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥផㅴࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ⊒⿷

5ᐕ        ⴫ᚲౝߩ಴᧪੐㧔ᚲຬߩォ಴౉߶߆㧕

࡮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥળࠪ࡝࡯࠭㧦‛ᕈ⎇ⓥߦ߅ߌࠆ⸘▚‛ℂ‫ ޠ‬࡮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥળࠪ࡝࡯࠭㧦㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹ߩ⃻⁁ߣ᡼኿శ೑↪⎇ⓥߩዷᦸ‫ޠ‬࡮ቇⴚክ⼏ળടㅦེ⑼ቇㇱળࡅࡗ࡝ࡦࠣ
࡮‫ޟ‬㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߔࠆ‛᭴⎇ߣߩⷡᦠ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬㜞ノᐲశḮ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ផㅴද⼏ળ‫⿷⊒ޠ‬

࡮⋭ᐡ⛔ว‫ޔ‬ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭⊒⿷࡮‫ޟ‬㜞ノᐲశḮ‫ޠ‬ᑪ⸳ᡰេ㧝ਁੱ⟑ฬ㐿ᆎ

࡮‫‛ޡ‬ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ࡮ቇⴚ⚻༡ߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴‫ޢ‬࡮‛⎇ㅪ‛ᕈኾ㐷ᆔਥ௅⎇ⓥળ‫‛ޟ‬ᕈ⎇ⓥ᜚ὐᢛ஻⸘↹‫ޠ‬
࡮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥળࠪ࡝࡯࠭㧦‛⾰ត⚝ߣ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬



࡮Ძ೑ା↵㧔ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ㧕ቯᐕ࡮ടୖ੗๺ਭ(ਛᕈሶ)ォ಴

࡮ᨰ࿾඙(วห)੐ോㇱ⊒⿷࡮‫ޟ‬ᭂ⚡ᄖ࡮エ㨄✢᡼኿శḮᬌ⸛ળ⼏‫⿷⊒ޠ‬࡮ᣂࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޟ‬ᣂߒ޿⎇ⓥࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦࠃࠆ
㔚ሶ⋧㑐♽ߩ⎇ⓥ̆‛ℂቇߣൻቇߩ⌀ߩⲢวࠍ߼ߑߒߡ‫ޠ‬㧔᧲ർᄢ㊄⎇‫‛ޔ‬᭴⎇‫ޔ‬ಽሶ⎇‫ޔ‬੩ᄢൻ⎇ߣ౒ห㧕



࡮␹⼱ᐘ⑲㧔゠㆏᡼኿㧕ォ಴࡮਄ᐥ⟤਽㧔ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ㧕ォ౉࡮ቴຬᚲຬ‫ࡑ࡯࠹ޟ‬ឭ᩺ဳ‫ޠ‬ዉ౉

࡮ᩑፒ᣿ੱ㧔゠㆏᡼኿㧕ォ౉࡮‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥળࠪ࡝࡯࠭㧦ਛᕈሶᢔੂߣ‛ᕈ⑼ቇ‫ޠ‬

࡮╙㧞࿁ᛛⴚ⊒⴫ળ



࡮Lippmaa Mikk㧔వ┵㗔ၞ㧕ォ౉

࡮᫪ೋᨐ㧔ᣂ‛⾰㧕ォ౉࡮╙㧤࿁ ISSP ࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ‫ޟ‬ᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽

࡮᧲੩ᄢቇᛛⴚ⡯ຬ⎇ୃ㧔‫⌀ޟ‬ⓨᛛⴚ‫ޠ‬㧕

࡮৻⥸౏㐿㧔․೎⻠Ṷ㧦⊕Ꮉ⧷᮸㧕࡮⎇ⓥળࠪ࡝࡯࠭‫‛ޡ‬ᕈ⎇ⓥߩዷᦸ‫ޢ‬ೀⴕ

࡮ᄖ࿖ੱቴຬ೙ᐲ⸳⟎

࡮‫ޟ‬᡼኿శḮᬌ⸛ળ⼏‫৻⛔߇ޠ‬᩺૞ᚑࠍ᳿ቯ‫࠽ޔ‬࡚ࠪ࠽࡞࠴࡯ࡓ⚿ᚑ

࡮ᄢቇ౒ห೑↪ᯏ㑐․೎ᆔຬળ⊒⿷

࡮዁᧪⸘↹ᆔຬળ⊒⿷

࡮቟⮮ᕡ਽㧔ℂ⺰㧕ォ಴࡮Ᏹⴕ⌀ม㧔ℂ⺰㧕ォ಴࡮↰ਛᣂᄥ㇢㧔ᨰ࿾඙੐ോㇱ㐳㧕⌕છ࡮છᦼ೙ᣉⴕ
࡮వ┵ಽశ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷 Adv. Board ⊒⿷࡮‫ޟ‬ᣂ‛⾰࠮ࡒ࠽࡯‫ޠ‬㐿ᆎ࡮‫ޟ‬ቴຬᚲຬ⻠Ṷળ‫ޠ‬㐿ᆎ

⎇ⓥߩᦨ೨✢‫ޠ‬࡮৻⥸⻠Ṷળ㧔R. B. Laughlin‫⑺ޔ‬శ⚐㧕࡮ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭ᚲロߥࠄ߮ߦ࿖┙ᄢቇ㒝⟎⎇ⓥᚲ㐳ળ⼏‫ޟ‬ቇⴚ⎇ⓥ૕೙ࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࠺ࠩࠗࡦᬌ⸛ࡢ࡯ࠠ
ࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔GDWG)‫⿷⊒ޠ‬

࡮ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭ᚲロߥࠄ߮ߦ࿖┙ᄢቇ㒝⟎⎇ⓥᚲ㐳ળ⼏‫ޟޔ‬࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱൻᓟߩࠊ߇࿖ߩቇⴚ⎇ⓥ૕೙‫ޠ‬ឭ᩺
࡮‫ޟ‬᡼኿శḮᬌ⸛ળ⼏‫⚳ᦨޠ‬᩺ߣࠅ߹ߣ߼



࡮ᄢቇ౒ห೑↪ᯏ㑐․೎ᆔຬળ‫ޟ‬ਛ㑆ႎ๔‫ޠ‬࡮‫ޟ‬ਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹‫ ╙ޠ‬1 ᩺ឭ಴

6ᐕ        ⴫ᚲౝߩ಴᧪੐㧔ᚲຬߩォ಴౉߶߆㧕



࡮‫ޟ‬㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߔࠆ JASRI ߣߩⷡᦠ࡮‫ޟ‬ᭂ⚡ᄖ࡮エ X ✢᡼኿శḮ⸘↹‫ࡐ࡟ࡦࠗࠩ࠺ޠ‬࡯࠻࡮ᄢቇ㒝⟎⎇ⓥᚲ╬․೎ᆔຬળ⊒⿷࡮৻⥸⻠Ṷળ㧔H. Rohrer‫ޔ‬ኅᵏᒄ㧕࡮৻⥸౏㐿㧔․೎⻠Ṷ㧦㘵ፉẴ↵㧕




࡮P. W. Anderson ᧲੩ᄢቇฬ⹷ඳ჻



ISSP International Workshop : A Role ofPhysics for Nano Science and Technology(Dr. Rohrer's JSPS Award Workshop III)

࡮㧞㧝਎♿ COE ឭ᩺࡮‫ޟ‬ਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹‫ޠ‬ᡷቯ᩺ឭ಴
࡮‫ޟ‬ᛛⴚㇱ‫ޠ‬ᬌ⸛ WG ⊒⿷
࡮ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫᄢᡷቯ
࡮ዊ⼱┨㓶㧔ℂ⺰㧕ቯᐕ࡮ਃᶆ⊓㧔ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ㧕ቯᐕ࡮Ꭺጊᱜੑ㇢㧔ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ㧕ォ౉

࡮ਛᕈሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳⊒⿷




ISSP International Workshop : Summer
School for Young Researchers on Quantum
Transport in Mesoscopic Scale and Low
Dimensions
ISSP
International
Workshop:
Gel
Symposium


࡮࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱ⊒⿷╙㧥࿁ ISSP ࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ‫ޟ‬㊂ሶಝ❗⋧⎇ⓥ࡮ᑝ↰๺㚍(ਛᕈሶ)ォ౉࡮ᒝ⏛႐ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ⊒⿷࡮╙㧟࿁ᛛⴚ⊒⴫ળ
࡮᧖㊁ୃ㧔ℂ⺰㧕ォ౉࡮᧲੩ᄢቇᛛⴚ⡯ຬ⎇ୃ㧔‫ޟ‬᡼኿✢▤ℂ࡮
ਛᕈሶᢔੂ‫ޠ‬㧕ߩᦨ೨✢‫ޠ‬

7

 



ၾঊΡΛΠ.BC ςϋΈໝࣣࠏ͈ၾঊ΋ΪȜτϋΑ           వ┵㗔ၞ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷        ൎᧄା๋㧘ዊᨋ⎇੺㧘⋧Ꮉᕡ㧘૒㊁ᔀਯ㧘ኅ ᵏᒄ㧝 ߪߓ߼ߦ
ࡔ࠱ࠬࠦࡇ࠶ࠢ♽ߩ㊂ሶャㅍ⃻⽎ߪ㧘ᐢ޿ᗧ๧ߢߩᢔ
ੂ໧㗴ߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘໧㗴ߣߥࠆ♽ߦ㔚ሶࠍᛂߜㄟߺ㧘ᢔੂߐࠇߡ಴ߡߊࠆᵄࠍᬌ಴ߔࠆߎ
ߣߢ㧘♽ߩᖱႎ߿㧘ャㅍ⃻⽎ߘߩ߽ߩߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍᓧ

ࠆ=?㧚ߚߛߒ㧘ߎߎߢ᳇ࠍߟߌߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߩߪ
㧘㧟ᰴరߩ⥄↱ߥⓨ㑆ߢߩᢔੂߣ㆑ߞߡ㧘㔚ሶࠍᵈ౉ߒ㧘ᢔੂᵄࠍฃߌขࠆߩߦ┵ሶߣ޿߁ᒝ޿೙㒢᧦ઙ߇޽ࠆ
ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡ㧘◲නߥ㧝ᐲߛߌᢔੂߐࠇࠆ
Born ㄭૃ߇ᚑ┙ߖߕ㧘ᄙ㊀ᢔੂࠍ⠨߃ࠆᔅⷐ߇↢ߓࠆ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘ㅒߦ┵ሶߦࠃߞߡᢔੂ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞߇ᒝߊ೙㒢ߐࠇ
࿑ 1㧦න৻ߩඨዉ૕㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩવዉߦ⃻ࠇߚ Coulombࠆߣ⠨߃㧘㔚ᵹߩ଻ሽߔߥࠊߜ㧘㔚ሶߩ⏕₸ኒᐲߩ଻ሽ
ᝄേ㧚࠯ࡠࡃࠗࠕࠬવዉᐲࠍ㊂ሶൻવዉᐲ(e2/h)ࠍන૏
ೣUnitarity ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߎߣߢ㧘໧㗴ࠍ◲නߦߔࠆߎߣ߇
ߣߒߡࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶ߦኻߒߡࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߒߚ߽ߩ㧚ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߎࠇ߇ࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߚ
Landauer-Büttiker ߩ㔚᳇વ
ዉߩ౏ᑼ=?ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࡔ࠱ࠬࠦࡇ࠶ࠢ♽⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ߎߩ࠲࡯ࠥ࠶࠻ߣߥࠆ♽ࠍ⦡‫ߡߞߓ޿ߣޘ‬ᢔੂߩ᭽ሶࠍᄌൻߐߖ㧘ߎࠇߦࠃߞ
ߡ㧘♽ߩਛߢ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ㊂ሶ㧔ᄙ૕㧕ലᨐࠍ⺞ߴࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ㧚
ᧄⓂߢߪ㧘㔚ሶߩ☸ሶᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆ⚛ሶߢ޽ࠆ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߣ㧘ᵄേᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆ⚛ሶߢ޽ࠆAharonov-Bohm AB ࡝ࡦࠣࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚ♽ࠍ࠲࡯ࠥ࠶࠻ߦߒߡߤߩࠃ߁ߥવዉ⃻⽎߇⃻ࠇࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ߎߩ  ᐕߩ⎇ⓥ⁁ᴫߦߟ޿ߡᚒ‫⎇ߩޘ‬ⓥ⚿ᨐ߽੤߃ߡ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߔࠆ㧚౏ᐔߥ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߢߪߥߊ㧘ᚒ‫ⴕ⹜ߩޘ‬㍲⺋ߩ⚻✲ࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆ㧚ߎߩ♽ߪ㧘਄⸥ߩ‫┵ޟ‬ሶࠍ੺ߒߚᢔੂ໧㗴‫ࠍߣߎࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ᗧ⼂ߔࠆ਄ߢ߽ᄢᄌᢎ⸠
⊛ߥ߽ߩߢ㧘ߎࠇࠍᔓࠇߚߚ߼ߦ৻⷗ਇᕁ⼏ߥ⃻⽎߇⃻ࠇߚ଀ߦߟ޿ߡ߽⸅ࠇࠆ㧚㧞 න৻㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ㔚᳇વዉන৻㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ㔚᳇વዉߢ㧘࠼࠶࠻ࠨࠗ࠭߇ዊߐߊߥࠆߦߟࠇߡ߹ߕ㊀ⷐߦߥࠆߩߪ㧘න৻㔚ሶߩᏪ㔚ലᨐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߦ㔚ሶ߇࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ߢ㘧߮ㄟࠎߛࠅ㘧߮಴ߒߚࠅߔࠆ㓙ߦ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻߇Ꮺ㔚ߔࠆߚ߼㧘᦭㒢ߥ㕒㔚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇⊒↢ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓࠆ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡታ⾰਄࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ࠍ⑌ᱛ
ߒߚࠅ㧔ࠢ࡯ࡠࡦ࡮ࡉࡠ࠶ࠤ࡯࠼㧕㧘㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߦᒙߊ㕒㔚⊛ߦ⚿วߒߚࠥ࡯࠻㔚ᭂߩ㔚࿶ Vg ࠍ೙ᓮߔࠆߎߣ
ߢ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ࠍน⢻ߦߒߚࠅߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߎߩ⃻⽎ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ᄖㇱ࿁〝߆ࠄߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ଏ⛎ࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߦߥࠅ㧘ߘߩߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ࠛࡦ࠲࡞ࡇ
࡯ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߩ߇ଢ೑ߢ޽ࠆ㧚㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߦ㧞ߟߩ㔚ᭂ㧔࠰࡯ࠬ㧘࠼࡟ࠗࡦ㧕ࠍ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ធวࠍ੺ߒߡធ⛯ߒ㧘ቯ㔚࿶㔚Ḯࠍߟߥ޿ߛ⁁ᴫߢࠛࡦ࠲࡞ࡇ࡯H ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߣ㧘࠰࡯ࠬ࡮࠼࡟ࠗࡦ㔚࿶ Vsd ߇ή㒢ዊߩ⁁ᘒߢߪ㧘


H (n)

ne  C gVg
2C 6

2





 

ߣߥࠆ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘n ߪ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻਄ߦ㔚᳇⊛ਛᕈ߆ࠄ૛⸘ߦ㘧߮ㄟࠎߛ૛೾㔚ሶᢙ㧘Cgߪ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߣࠥ࡯࠻㔚ᭂߩ㕒㔚⚿วࠍ⴫ߔࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠲ࡦࠬ㧘C6ߪ㧘࠰࡯ࠬ㧘࠼࡟ࠗࡦߥߤߣߩ⚿วߩಽ߽ട߃ߚ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ࠻࡯࠲࡞ߩࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠲ࡦࠬߢ޽ࠆ㧚8࿑㧞 ᧄⓂߦ⃻ࠇࠆ⚛ሶߩ᭎ᔨ࿑ C AB ࡝ࡦࠣ㧚㔚ሶߩ⚻〝ࠍ৻ᣤ㧞ߟߦಽߌߡౣ߮วᵹߐߖࠆ㧚⚻〝ߩ૏⋧Ꮕ㧔ⴕ〝Ꮕ㧕ߦࠃߞߡᐓᷤߩ઀ᣇ߇ᄌൻߔࠆ㧚࡝ࡦࠣࠍ⽾ߊ⏛᧤ߦࠃߞߡ૏⋧Ꮕ߇ᄌൻߔࠆߚ߼㧘ᐓᷤߩ઀ᣇ߽⏛᧤ߦࠃࠅᄌൻ
ߒ㧘વዉᐲߪ⏛႐ߩ㑐ᢙߣߒߡᝄേߔࠆ㧚 D ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻㧚೨▵ࠍෳᾖ㧚 E ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻࡮AB ࡝ࡦࠣࠍⶄวߒߚ♽㧚n ߇ᄌൻߒߚߣ߈ߩࠛࡦ࠲࡞ࡇ࡯ᄌൻ'H(n){H(n+1)H(n)ߪ㧘  ࠃࠅ㧘e{(n+1/2)e-CgVg}/C6ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘
Vg=(e/Cg)(n+1/2)ߢߎࠇ߇࠯ࡠߣߥߞߡ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞߇⸵นߐࠇࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘࠰࡯ࠬ࡮࠼࡟ࠗࡦ㔚࿶߇࠯ࡠઃㄭ
ߩ࠯ࡠࡃࠗࠕࠬ㔚᳇વዉᐲࠍ᷹ቯߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘Vg ࠍ᝹ᒁߔࠆߣ㧘e/Cg ߩ㑆㓒ߢવዉᐲ߇ࠬࡄࠗࠢ⊛ߦ਄᣹ߔࠆ
ߎߣߦߥࠆ㧔Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢ㧕㧚ߎࠇ߇㧘Coulomb ᝄേߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ㧘㑆㓒ߩ⴫ᑼ߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ߎࠇߪන૏㔚⩄߇᦭㒢ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ↢ߓߡ߅ࠅ㧘឵⸒ߔࠇ߫㧘㔚ሶߩ☸ሶᕈࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩਛߩ㔚ሶᢙߪ㧘
Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢࠍㅢㆊߔࠆߚ߮ߦ㧝ߛߌᄌൻߔࠆ㧚
Coulomb ᝄേߩ᷹ቯ଀ࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߒߚ㧚ߎߩන㔚ሶᏪ㔚ലᨐ߇ήⷞߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥኈ㊂ߩᄢ߈ߥ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ធวߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘વዉᐲߪ㔚ᭂߩ⁁ᘒኒᐲ
ߩⓍߦᲧ଀ߔࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣߦᘠࠇߚੱ߆ࠄ⷗ࠇ߫㧘㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩਛߦߪ e2/Cg ߛߌࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ⇣ߥࠆ㔌ᢔ⊛ߥࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ḱ૏߇޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗߃ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚ߘߎߢߎࠇࠍ㔌ᢔ⊛ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࠳ࠗࡗࠣ࡜ࡓߦ␜ߔߎߣ
߇ߒ߫ߒ߫޽ࠆ߇㧘㔚ሶᢙ߇ᄌൻߔࠆ㓙ߩᄙ㔚ሶߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘࠼࠶࠻ౝߦߎߩࠃ߁ߥ
㧝㔚ሶ㊂ሶḰ૏߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿㧚ߎߎ߹ߢߩ⹤ߪ㧘࠼࠶࠻ౝߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ߇ Fermi ᶧ૕ߢㄭૃߐࠇࠆ㊄ዻߩ࠼࠶࠻ߩ႐วߦߪᲧセ⊛⦟ߊᚑ┙ߔࠆ㧚ඨዉ૕㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ႐วߦߪ࠼࠶࠻ࠨࠗ࠭ߣ Fermi ᵄ㐳߇ኈᤃߦหߓࠝ࡯࠳࡯ߣߥࠅ㧘㊂ሶ㐽ߓㄟ߼ലᨐ㧘߹ߚߎࠇߦ઻ߞߡ㧘㔚ሶ㑆⋧੕૞↪ߩ਄ㅀߩන⚐ߥࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠲ࡦࠬㄭૃ߆ࠄߩߕࠇ㧘㔚ሶ⋧㑐ߩലᨐ߇⃻ࠇࠆ㧚࠼࠶࠻ࠨࠗ࠭߇චಽዊߐߊߥࠆߣߎࠇߪ߻ߒࠈ᭎ᔨ⊛ߦߪේሶߦㄭ޿߽ߩߣߥࠅ㧘ੱᎿේሶߣ๭
߫ࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ㧚㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻߳ߩ࠯ࡠᰴర㊂ሶ㐽ߓㄟ߼ߦࠃࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ḱ૏ߩ㔌ᢔൻߪ㧘Ყセ⊛ᄢ߈ߥඨዉ૕㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߥߤߢߪන㔚ሶലᨐߦ਄ਸ਼ߖߔࠆᒻߢㄭૃߢ߈ࠆ㧚㊂ሶ㐽ߓㄟ߼ߩലᨐߪ਄ߦㅀߴߚන⚐ߥࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠲ࡦࠬㄭ
ૃߦኻߒߡḰ૏㑆㓒߇ࠗ࡟ࠡࡘ࡜࡯ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘Coulomb ᝄേߩ㑆㓒ߩᄌേಽࠍ⺞ߴࠆߎߣߢ㊂ሶ㐽ߓㄟ߼ലᨐ߅ࠃ߮࠼࠶࠻ౝߩᄙ૕⋧㑐ലᨐࠍ᛽಴ߔࠆߎߣ߽㧘ታ㛎᧦ઙߦࠃߞߡߪน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘Coulombࡇ࡯ࠢߩ૏⟎߆ࠄ࠼࠶࠻ౝㇱߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ḱ૏ߦߟ޿ߡߩᖱႎࠍᓧࠆᣇᴺࠍઃടࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ಽశߣ๭߱㧚ߎߩಽశߩߚ߼ߩ᦭ജߥᣇᴺ߇㧘⏛႐ࠍශടߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ඨዉ૕㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߢߪ㧘㔚ሶ゠㆏ߩᐢ߇ࠅ߇ᄢ
߈޿ߚ߼㧘ዊߐߥ⏛႐ߢ߽゠㆏ⷺㆇേ㊂ߩ㆑޿ߦࠃߞߡࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞߇ᄌൻߒ㧘Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢ૏⟎ߩᄌൻߣߥߞߡ⃻ࠇࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘ࡇ࡯ࠢ૏⟎ߩ⏛႐ᔕ╵ࠍ⺞ߴࠆߎߣߢ㧘㔚ሶ゠㆏⁁ᘒ߿㧘ᄙ૕ലᨐߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ߴࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚㧝㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߩ㐽ߓㄟ߼ߦࠃࠆ㔌ᢔൻ߇ᒙ޿㊄ዻ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߢߪ㧘න㔚ሶലᨐߦࠃߞߡ㧝୘ߕߟߩ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞
ㆊ⒟߇⿠ߎߞߡ޿ߡ߽㧘વዉߦߪᴛጊߩ㧝㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ඨዉ૕㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߢ㔌ᢔḰ૏ߩᓇ㗀߇ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢߩ㑆㓒ߦ⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߥ႐วߦߪ㧘વዉߦ૶↪ߐࠇࠆḰ૏ߪ߶߷න৻ߢ޽ࠆ㧚9㧟 ⶄว♽ߢߩ #$ ᝄേ૏⋧ߩ〡߮
AB ࡝ࡦࠣߪ㧘࿑  ߩ C ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘㔚ሶᵄࠍ৻ᣤ㧞ߟߦಽഀߒ㧘⇣ߥࠆ⚻〝ࠍવ᠞ߐߖߚᓟวᵹߐߖߡ㧘วᵹὐߢᐓᷤലᨐࠍ⿠ߎߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᐓᷤ߇ᒝ߼޽߁
߽ߩߢ޽ࠇ߫㧘ᄢ߈ߥ⏕₸ኒᐲᵹ߇࡝ࡦࠣ߆ࠄᵹ಴ߒ㧘ᒙ߼޽߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠇ߫ᵹ಴ߪዊߐߊߥࠆ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘㔚᳇વዉ᷹ቯ߇㧘౉኿ߒߚ㔚ሶ߇ߤࠇ߶ߤᢔੂߐࠇߡ಴
ߡߊࠆ߆ࠍ⺞ߴࠆᢔੂ໧㗴ߢ޽ߞߚߎߣࠍᕁ޿಴ߒߡ
න⚐ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆߣ㧘⚿ዪᵹ಴㊂߇વዉᐲߦᲧ଀ߔࠆ㧚ߎߎߦ⏛႐ࠍශടߒ㧘ߎߩ㧞ߟߩ⚻〝ߩ㑆ߦ⏛᧤)߇
ଚ౉ߒߚߣߔࠆߣ㧘㧞ߟߩ⚻〝ߩ૏⋧Ꮕߪ࿑㧟㧦㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߦࠃࠆ AB ૏⋧೙ᓮߩߚ߼ߩ
⹜ᢱ࠮࠶࠻ࠕ࠶ࡊߩ᭎ᔨ࿑㧚 C ߪㅢᏱߩ┵ሶ㈩⟎ߢ㧘࡝ࡦࠣߦ㔚ᵹࠍᵹߒߡ࡝ࡦࠣో૕ߩ㔚࿶㒠ਅࠍᬌ಴ߔ
ࠆ㧚 D ߪ㕖ዪᚲ㈩⟎ߢ㧘࡝ࡦࠣߩ ஥ߦ㔚ᵹࠍᵹߒߡ㧘෻ኻ஥ߩ┵ሶߦ⃻ࠇࠆ㔚࿶ࠍᬌ಴ߔࠆ

ߛߌᄌൻߔࠆߩߢ㧘ߎࠇߦ઻޿㧘વዉᐲߪ࿑  C ߩਅߩ࿑ߩࠃ߁ߦ⏛႐ߦኻߒߡᝄേߔࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠍ AB ᝄേߣ޿߁㧚ߎߩ AB ࡝ࡦࠣߩ ᣇߩ⣨ߦ㧘࿑  D ߩ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ࠍ E ߩࠃ߁ߦၒ߼ㄟࠎߛߩ߇㧘ᧄⓂߢ໧㗴ߣߔࠆ࠼࠶
࠻࡮࡝ࡦࠣⶄว♽ߢ޽ࠆ㧚⪺⠪ࠄߪᣧߊ߆ࠄߎߩ໧㗴ߦ⌕⋡ߒ㧘ታ㛎ߦ⌕ᚻߒߡ޿ߚ߇=?㧘 ࿑  D ߩࠃ߁ߦ㔚ሶᢙߩ᳿߹ߞߚ࠼࠶࠻ߩਛࠍㅢㆊߒߡ߽㧘㔚ሶߩ㊂ሶࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬ߇߆ߥࠅߩഀวߢᱷߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ
ᦨೋߦ᣿⍎ߦታ㛎⊛ߦ␜ߒߚߩߪ㧘Weizmann ⎇ⓥᚲߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᓐࠄߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ♽ߢ Coulomb ᝄേߣ AB ᝄേ߇หᤨߦ⷗߃ࠆߎߣࠍታ⸽ߒߚ=?㧚ߘߩ㓙ߦ㧘ታ㛎⊛ߦ᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ AB ᝄേߩ૏⋧ߩᄌൻ߇໧㗴ߣߥߞߚ㧚Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢߩ೨ᓟߢ AB ᝄേߩ૏⋧ߪǸߛߌᄌൻߔࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣ⥄りߪ㧘೨▵ߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ඨዉ૕㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߢߪ㧘Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢઃㄭ
ߢ㧘㧝ߟߩ౒㡆Ḱ૏ࠍㅢߒߡ㔚᳇વዉ߇⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⠨߃ࠇ߫ਇᕁ⼏ߢߪߥߊ㧘౒㡆ᢔੂ৻⥸ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ㅢᏱߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ౒㡆ᢔੂߦࠃࠆ૏⋧ᄌൻߪ㧘ⶄ⚛ㅘㆊଥᢙ
t(E) vi* / 2
E  E0  i* / 2



㧔㧕

ߦࠃߞߡ⦟ߊㄭૃߐࠇࠆ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘E ߪㅘㆊᵄߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㧘E0ߪ౒㡆ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㧘*ߪ౒㡆ߩ᏷ࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚  ࠍ Breit-Wigner ဳߩㅘㆊଥᢙߣ๭߱=?㧚㧔㧕ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘૏⋧ߪ౒㡆ࡇ࡯ࠢઃㄭߢṖࠄ߆ߦᄌൻߔࠆ
ߪߕߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߣߎࠈ߇㧘ታ㛎ߢߪ㧘AB ᝄേߩ૏⋧ߪ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢߩߣߎࠈߢᕆỗߦǸࠫࡖࡦࡊߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘㧔㧕ߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥᒻ⁁ߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߎߩᤨ㧘ታ㛎ߩᒰ੐⠪ࠍ฽߼㧘ᄙߊߩ‛ℂደ߇‫┵ޟ‬ሶߦࠃࠆ೙㒢ਅߢߩᢔੂ໧㗴‫ࠍޠ‬ᛒߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᄬᔨ
ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢㅢㆊߩ㓙ߦ㔚ሶᢙ߇ᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘૗ࠄ߆ߩᄙ૕ലᨐࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ⃻⽎ߦ㆑޿ߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߐߔ߇ߦએ೨ࠃࠅߎߩࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴ࠍᛒߞߡ߈ߚᄢኅߩ⋡ߦߪ૗߇⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߆
৻⋡⍎ὼߛߞߚࠃ߁ߢ㧘ߔߋߦ㧘ߎࠇߪ࡙࠾࠲࡝࠹ࠖ߆ࠄߩᒰὼߩᏫ⚿ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ=?㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ታ㛎ߪ㧘㔚ሶᵄߩ಴ญߣ౉ࠅญࠍߘࠇߙࠇ৻▎ᚲߦ⛉ߞߚ㧞┵ሶ㈩⟎ߢⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘AB ࡝ࡦࠣౝߢߪ಴ญߢᦨೋᐓᷤߒߚᓟ߽૗ᐲ߽ᐓᷤࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߡᦨ⚳⊛ߥᵹ಴㊂߇᳿߹ࠆ㧚ߎߩᤨ㧘Onsager ߩ⋧෻ቯℂߦࠃࠅ㧘࡝ࡦࠣߩ㔚᳇ᛶ᛫ Rxx ߪ㧘⏛႐ B ߩ෻ォߦኻߒߡRxx (B)Rxx (B)㧔㧕ࠍḩߚߐߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘⏛᳇ᛶ᛫ߪ⏛႐ߩ஧㑐ᢙߢ޽ࠅ㧘AB ᝄേߣߒߡߪ cos(B)޽ࠆ޿ߪ
㧙cos(B)ߣ޿߁㑐ᢙᒻߒ߆⸵ߐࠇߕ㧘࠼࠶࠻ߢ㔚ሶᵄߩ૏⋧ᄌൻ߇↢ߓߚ႐ว㧘࡝ࡦࠣౝߩᐓᷤലᨐߩౣ᭴ᚑ
ߦࠃߞߡ AB ᝄേߩ૏⋧ߪ޽ࠆ⏛႐ߢǸߛߌࠫࡖࡦࡊߒߡߒ߹߁ߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚ߎߩ⃻⽎ࠍ‫ޟ‬૏⋧ߩ〡߮‫ ޠ‬phaselapse ߣ๭߱㧚
10













 ࿑㧠㧦㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞㧔ࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶㧕ߦࠃࠆ AB ᝄേߩ૏⋧ᄌൻ㧚વዉᐲߩᄌൻࠍ㧘ࠞ࡜࡯ࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߒߚ߽ߩ㧚 (a) ߪㅢᏱߩ┵ሶ㈩⟎㧘(b)ߪ㕖ዪᚲ㈩⟎ߢߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐ㧚⚿ዪߎࠇߪ㧘┵ሶߦࠃߞߡ㔚ሶߦ‫ޟ‬಴ญ߆ࠄ಴ߡⴕߊ߆㧘౉ࠅญ߆ࠄᚯࠆ߆‫ߩޠ‬㧞⠪ᛯ৻ࠍㄼߞߚ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠅ㧘㧞┵ሶߩ AB ࡝ࡦࠣ߇ Young ߩ㧞㊀ࠬ࡝࠶࠻ታ㛎ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧝ᐲߛߌᐓᷤߐߖߡߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⷗ࠆ㧘ߣ޿߁ᒻᑼߩታ㛎ߦߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߇ේ࿃ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘Weizmann ⎇ⓥᚲߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ㧘ߢ߈ࠆߛߌ㧞㊀ࠬ࡝࠶࠻ታ㛎ߦㄭ޿⁁ᴫࠍ૞ࠆߚ߼㧘㔚࿶┵ሶࠍ㔚ᵹ࿁〝߆ࠄ㔌ߒߚᚲߦ⸳⟎ߒ㧘ᄙߊߩ㔚ሶ߇࿁〝߆ࠄṳࠇߡ࡙࠾࠲࡝࠹ࠖ߇ᚑ┙ߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥ⹜ᢱࠍ↪ᗧߒߡታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ=?㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘〡߮ߪᶖ߃ߡ㧘㧔㧕ߦᓥ߁ࠃ߁ߥ૏⋧ᄌൻ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩࠃ߁ߦᄙ૕⋧㑐߇ᒝ޿♽ߢ߽㧔㧕ߪᚑ┙ߔࠆߣ޿߁ታ㛎⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘ᢥ₂=?ߩታ㛎߽ቢోߥ㧞㊀ࠬ࡝࠶࠻ታ㛎ߦߪߥߞߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘⇼໧ࠍ๒
ߔࠆℂ⺰⸘▚߽⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢߢߩ〡߮߇ᶖ߃ߚઍࠊࠅߦࡇ࡯ࠢߩߜࠂ߁ߤਛ㑆ߢǸ〡߱⃻⽎߇⃻ࠇ㧘ℂ⺰⊛ߦචಽߥ⺑᣿߇ߟ߆ߥ޿߹߹⃻࿷ߦ⥋ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚㧠 ┵ሶ㈩⟎ߩ㆑޿ߦࠃࠆ #$ ૏⋧ߩᄌൻ㧘ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߩᄌൻ
ታߪ㧘⪺⠪ࠄ߽=?ߩ⺰ᢥߦߪᄢ޿ߦ໪⊒ߐࠇ㧘⋡߆ࠄ㠦߇⪭ߜࠆᕁ޿ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߣ޿߁ߩߪ㧘એ೨ࠃࠅAB ࡝ࡦࠣߩ ᣇߩ⣨ߩ㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ࠍᄌൻߐߖࠆߎߣߢ AB ᝄേߩ૏⋧ࠍ೙ᓮߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁㧘ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ੍⸒ߒ㧘ታ㛎߽ⴕߞߡ޿ߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ=?㧚ታ㛎ߒߡ߽ߥ߆ߥ߆⸘▚߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆߪߕߩ૏⋧ᄌൻ߇⃻ࠇߕ㧘⸧ߒߊᕁߞߡ޿ߚ߇㧘ߎࠇ߽ᓟ߆ࠄᕁ߃߫㧞┵ሶ⚛ሶߢታ㛎ߒߡ޿ߚߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߚߛ㧘઒ߦ⃻࿷ࠃࠅ߽ᓸ⚦ടᎿᛛⴚ߇㧝ᩴએ਄ㅴᱠߒߡ㕖Ᏹߦࡠࡃࠬ࠻ߥ AB ലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚߣߒߡ߽㧘ᄙߊߩ㔚ሶࠍ‫ޟ‬ᝥߡߡ‫ߥ߁ࠃ߁߹ߒޠ‬㧠┵ሶ㈩⟎ߢߪ࿁〝⚛ሶߣߒߡߪ૶޿‛ߦߥࠄߥ޿㧚ߎߩߚ߼ታ㛎ࠍભᱛߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ⶄว♽ߩታ㛎ࠍᆎ߼ࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡᚻᆎ߼ߦ࠺ࡕታ㛎⒟ᐲߩߟ߽ࠅߢ㧠┵ሶ㈩⟎ߢߩ㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞
೙ᓮታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁߁ߜߦᕁ޿߇ߌߥ޿⚿ᨐࠍᓧߚߩߢએਅߦ⚫੺ߒࠃ߁=?㧚ታ㛎♽ߪ㧘(Ga,Al)As/GaAs ߩࡋ࠹ࡠធว㧞ᰴర㔚ሶ♽ࠍ㔚ሶ✢࡝࠰ࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯ߣࠛ࠶࠴ࡦࠣߦࠃࠅടᎿߒ
ߡ㧘㧠ߟߩ┵ሶ߇ߟ޿ߚ AB ࡝ࡦࠣ⁁ߦߒ㧘 ᣇߩ⣨ߦ㊄ߦࠃࠆ Schottky 㔚ᭂࠍߟߌߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᮨᑼ⊛ߦߪ㧘࿑  ߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ㧚㔚ሶߩᐔဋ⥄↱ⴕ⒟ߪ 10Pm㧘࡝ࡦࠣߩ⋥ᓘ߇ 1Pm ⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ Schottky㔚ᭂ߇ ᣇߩ⣨ߩ㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ࠍ೙ᓮߔࠆࠥ࡯࠻ߣߒߡ௛ߊ㧚┵ሶ㈩⟎ߩᄌᦝߪ㧘⹜ᢱࠍᄌൻߐߖࠆߎ
ߣߥߊ㧘ߎߩ࿑ߩ C 㧘 D ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᄖㇱ࿁〝ߩធ⛯ᣇᴺࠍᄌൻߐߖࠆߎߣߢⴕߞߚ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘 C ߪߏߊ᥉ㅢߩ᷹ቯᴺߢ㧘࡝ࡦࠣߦ㔚Ḯࠃࠅ㔚ᵹࠍᵹߒߡ㧘࡝ࡦࠣߩᏀฝߢߩ㔚࿶㒠ਅࠍ⺞ߴࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦኻߒߡ Dߢߪ㧘࡝ࡦࠣߩ ஥ߦ㔚ᵹࠍᵹߒ㧘ߘߩᓇ㗀߇࡝ࡦࠣࠍ੺ߒߡ෻ኻ஥ߦ⃻ࠇ⊒↢ߔࠆ޿ࠊࠁࠆ㕖ዪᚲવዉߦ
ࠃࠆ㔚࿶ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆ㧚ฎౖ⊛ߦߪ D ߢ⊒↢ߔࠆ㔚࿶ߪᭂ߼ߡዊߐ޿ߪߕߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘♽߇ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦ࠻ߢᵄ
േ㑐ᢙ߇࡝ࡦࠣో૕ߦᐢ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ㧘᦭㒢ߩ㔚࿶߇⊒↢ߔࠆ㧚
AB ലᨐߩ૏⋧೙ᓮߦ㑐ߔࠆታ㛎⚿ᨐࠍ࿑  ߦ␜ߒߚ㧚᷹ቯ᷷ᐲߪ 30mK ߢ޽ࠆ㧚⿒㕍ߩࠞ࡜࡯ࡊࡠ࠶࠻
ߪ㧘⏛᳇ᛶ᛫ߩᝄേᚑಽࠍ⦡ߢ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ㧘ᮮゲߩ⏛႐ߦኻߒߡ⿒㕍ߩࠬ࠻࡜ࠗࡊ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆߩߪߎߩ
๟ᦼߢ AB ᝄേ߇⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘❑ゲߪࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶ߢ㧘ࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶ߦኻߒߡ AB ᝄേ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆ߆㧘৻⋡ߢ⷗ᷰߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚
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࿑㧢㧦 ⶄว♽ߩታ㛎ߦ૶↪ߒߚ⹜ᢱߩ⿛ᩏ㔚ሶ㗼ᓸ㏜౮⌀㧚⨥⦡ߊ⷗߃ߡ޿ࠆߩ߇㧘ࠛ࠶࠴ࡦࠣߦࠃߞߡ૞
⵾ߒߚ㧞ᰴర㔚ሶ♽ߦࠃࠆ AB ࡝ࡦࠣ㧚㤛⦡ߊ⷗߃ߡ
޿ࠆ⚦޿࡜ࠗࡦߪ㧘㊄ߦࠃࠆ Schottky 㔚ᭂ㧚ㅢᏱ᷹ቯߩ C ߢߪ㧘࡝ࡦࠣߩ౉ࠅญ߆ࠄ౉ߞߚ㔚ሶࠍ಴ญ߆ࠄᛮ߈ขࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥ㔚࿶߇᷹ቯߐ
࿑㧡㧦ታ㛎⚿ᨐࠃࠅ㧘Landauer-Büttiker ౏ᑼࠍ૶ߞߡዉ
ࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘㧞┵ሶ᷹ቯߦㄭ޿⁁ᴫ߇ታ⃻ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚޿ߚ࡝ࡦࠣࠍ߹ߚߋ㔚ሶߩㅘㆊଥᢙ T1 ߦභ߼ࠆ AB ᝄታ㓙㧘࿑  C ߢߪ㧘߶߷㧔㧕߇ḩߚߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘
േᚑಽGT1 ߩഀวߩ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈ㧚⿒ਣ߇㕖ዪᚲ᷹ቯߩ⚿㤥޿❑✢ߢ⴫ߐࠇߚ࠯ࡠ⏛႐ߩ࡜ࠗࡦߦኻߒߡ߶
ᨐ㧚㕍޿⪉ᒻ߇ዪᚲ᷹ቯߩ⚿ᨐ㧚㧞ߟߩ⇣ߥࠆ⹜ᢱߦ
߷Ꮐฝኻ⒓ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᚲ‫޿⊕ߦޘ‬᳓ᐔߦㄭ޿✢߇⃻ࠇߟ޿ߡߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐࠍ૬ߖߡ⴫␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ߎߎߢߪ AB ᝄേ߇㕖Ᏹߦ⁜޿ࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶▸࿐ߢᶖṌߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘ߘߩ਄ਅߢ⷗ࠆߣ߶ߣࠎߤߩᚲߢ㧘⿒ߣ㕍߇౉ࠇᦧࠊߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘૏⋧ߩǸࠫࡖࡦࡊ߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇ੍߽ᗐߐࠇߚߎߣߢ㧘Ǹࠫࡖࡦࡊߪᄙ૕ലᨐߩᏫ⚿ߥߤߢߪߥߊ㧘ᐓᷤലᨐߩᕆỗߥౣ᭴ᚑߦࠃࠆ߽ߩ
ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⸽᜚┙ߡߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࠬ࠻࡜ࠗࡊ߇ᔅߕߒ߽ု⋥ߦ┙ߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߪ㧘=?ߢ઒ቯߒߚࠃ߁ߥ㧘࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ߩᄌൻ߇ߥ޿ℂᗐ⊛ߥ૏⋧೙ᓮߦߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ㧘ቢోߥ㧞┵ሶ᷹ቯߢߪߥ޿ߎߣߥߤߩᓇ㗀ߢ޽ࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘㕖ዪᚲ᷹ቯߩ D ߢߪ㧘᣿ࠄ߆ߦ࠯ࡠ⏛႐ߦኻߒߡ㕖ኻ⒓ߢ㧘߆ߟࠬ࠻࡜ࠗࡊ߇ᢳ߼ߦᵹࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘=?ߢᢔ‫⧰ޘ‬ഭߒߚ㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߦࠃࠆ AB ૏⋧೙ᓮ߇޿ߣ߽◲නߦߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚ᵹࠇᣇ߽㧘⎕✢ߢ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᦨ߽න⚐ߥන࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ߦၮߠߊ⸘▚ߦ߶߷ᴪߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔ታ㓙ߦߪන࠴ࡖࡀ
࡞ߢߥ޿ߚ߼ߎࠇ߶ߤ߁߹ߊⴕߞߚߩߪ஧ὼߩน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ㧕㧚 એ਄ߩ߰ࠆ߹޿ߪ㧘ᄙዋߩㄭૃߩਅߢ Landauer-Büttiker ౏ᑼࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ߶߷ቢోߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆߎߣ߇
ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߣߎࠈ߇㧘᷷ᐲߦࠃࠆ㊂ሶ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬࠍ⺞ߴࠆߚ߼ߦ AB ᝄ᏷ߩ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈࠍ㧞ߟߩ┵ሶ㈩⟎ߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ߴߚߣߎࠈ㧘࿑  ߩࠃ߁ߥ⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ㧚㊂ሶࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߩዤᐲߣߒߡߪ㧘ㅘㆊଥᢙਛߦභ
߼ࠆ㧘AB ᝄേᚑಽࠍขࠆߩ߇৻ߟߩᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘વዉᐲ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞߇න৻ߢߪߥ޿ߚ߼ቢోߥၮḰߢߪߥ޿߇㧘ዋߥߊߣ߽᷷ᐲᄌൻࠍ⷗ࠆ਄ߢߪ߆ߥࠅା㗬ߢ߈㧘߹ߚ㧘⹜ᢱߦࠃࠆಽᢔ߽ᛥ߃ߡ߅ߌ߫߹ߕ
໧㗴ߩߥ޿᷹ቯߣߥࠆ㧚ߘߩ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈࠍ␜ߒߚߩ߇࿑  ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘㧞┵ሶ᷹ቯߦㄭ޿ዪᚲ᷹ቯߦኻߒߡ㧘㕖ዪᚲ᷹ቯߢߪ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈ߇ߪࠆ߆ߦᒙߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᝌ౉࿑ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘- ߢ߽ AB ᝄേ߇ᱷߞ
ߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߎࠇߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥ♽ࠍ㐳ᐕᛒߞߡ߈ߚታ㛎ኅߦߣߞߡߪ߆ߥࠅߩ㛳߈ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚߽ߜࠈࠎ㧘ࠃࠅ㛳ߊߴ߈ߎߣߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ធวߥߤࠍ฽߹ߥ޿޿ࠊࠁࠆ㐿᡼♽ߩવዉ૕ߢ᷹ቯ┵ሶ㈩⟎ߦࠃߞߡ㊂ሶ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߩᐲว޿߇ᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪోߊೋ߼ߡߩታ㛎⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ⚿ᨐߦߪ㧘ᚒ‫⥄ޘ‬り߽⦡‫ߣޘ‬઒⺑ࠍ┙ߡߡߺߚ߽ߩߩ㧘ߥ߆ߥ߆ℂ⺰⊛⸃㉼߇ߟ߆ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚଀߃߫㧘
ᢥ₂=?ߢߪ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬࠍ⿠ߎߘ߁ߣ㧘AB ࡝ࡦࠣਛߢ߆ߥࠅ⨹ߞ߸޿‫ޟ‬㔚ሶߩ᷹ⷰ‫ߦޠ‬ㄭ޿ߎߣࠍડ
ߡߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ߎࠇ߶ߤ᣿⍎ߥ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߩᏅࠍ᷹ⷰߔࠆߦߪ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿㧚឵⸒ߔࠆߣ㧘ߎࠇ߶ߤߩ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔߦߪ⋧ᒰߥߎߣࠍߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧘ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᦨㄭࠃ߁߿
ߊ߆ߥࠅᱜ㡿ࠍ኿ߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆℂ⺰߇⃻ࠇߚ=?㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘ᄖㇱ࿁〝ߩធ⛯ߩ઀ᣇߦࠃߞߡ⹜ᢱ஥߆ࠄ
ߺߚ┵ሶߩࠗࡦࡇ࡯࠳ࡦࠬߦᄢ߈ߥ㆑޿߇↢ߓ㧘┵ሶߦ⊒↢ߔࠆ㔚࿶ំࠄ߉ߩ㆑޿ߦࠃߞߡ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߦ
Ꮕ߇⃻ࠇࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩᤨ㊀ⷐߥߩߪ㔚ᵹ㔚࿶┵ሶߩᒻ⁁ߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᚒ‫⥄ޘ‬り߽㧘ࠗࡦࡇ࡯࠳ࡦࠬߩᏅߪᒰὼ⠨ᘦߒߡߺߚ੐ᨩߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘ࠗࡦࡇ࡯࠳ࡦࠬߩૐ޿㔚ᵹḮߦធ⛯ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆㇱಽߢ
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࿑㧤㧦࠼࠶࠻࡮࡝ࡦࠣⶄว♽ߢ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢߦ㕖ኻ
⒓ᕈ߇⃻ࠇߚ⁁ᘒߢߩ㧘㔚ᵹ㔚࿶․ᕈࠍࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶࠰࡯ࠬ࡮࠼࡟ࠗࡦ㔚࿶ᐔ㕙ߦኻߒߡࠣ࡟࡯ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ࡊ
ࡠ࠶࠻ߒߚ߽ߩ㧚⊕޿ㇱಽ߶ߤવዉᐲ߇㜞ߊߥߞߡ޿
ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘⊕޿⚦޿⋥✢ߪ㧘Coulomb ࠳ࠗࠕࡕࡦ࠼ࠍ
࿑㧣㧦࠼࠶࠻࡮࡝ࡦࠣⶄว♽ߦ⃻ࠇߚ Fano ലᨐ㧚⿒޿⷗߿ߔߊߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⵬ഥ✢㧚ฝߦᝌ౉ߒߚߩߪ㧘࠯ࡠ✢ߪ㧘ෳᾖࠕ࡯ࡓߩࠥ࡯࠻ࠍ㐽ߓߡ࡝ࡦࠣࠍࠝ࡯ࡊࡦߒ
ࡃࠗࠕࠬઃㄭߢߩવዉᐲ㧚⁁ᘒߢߩવዉᐲࠍ㧘㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩਛᄩࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶ Vg ߦኻߒߡࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߒߚ߽ߩߢ㧘ㅢᏱߩ Coulomb ᝄേ߇⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚㕍޿✢ߪ㧘ෳᾖࠕ࡯ࡓࠍ㐿ߌߡ࡝ࡦࠣࠍ㐽ߓߚ⁁ᘒߢߩવዉᐲ㧚ᝄേߩࡌ࡯ࠬ࡜ࠗࡦ߇਄᣹ߒߚߛߌߢߥ
ߊ㧘ᒻ⁁߇ᄢ߈ߊ㕖ኻ⒓ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚޽ࠆߚ߼ߎࠇࠍ᫈ළߒߡ޿ߚ㧚⏕߆ߦᜰ៰ߐࠇߡߺࠆߣ㧘㔚࿶┵ሶߪ㊂ሶ♽ߩਛߦ㕖ኻ⒓ߥᒻߢធ⛯ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߎߎߦᲧセ⊛ᄢ߈ߥࠦࡦ࠳ࠢ࠲ࡦࠬߢ㔚ᵹḮ߇ធ⛯ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߣߒߡ߽㧘㔚࿶ំࠄ߉ࠍ⵬ఘߔࠆࠃ߁
ߥ㔚ሶߩㆇേ߇⊒↢ߔࠇ߫࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߩේ࿃ߣߥࠅᓧࠆ㧚⃻࿷㧘ᒻ⁁ଐሽᕈࠍታ㛎⊛ߦ⺞ߴߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡ=?ߩ⚿ᨐࠍᬌ⸽ߢ߈ࠆߣᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘ᄖㇱ⊛ߥ߽ߩߣߪ޿߃㧘ߏߊ৻⥸⊛ߥ᷹ቯߩ࠮࠶࠻ࠕ࠶ࡊߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩታ㛎⚿ᨐࠍ⷗⋥
ߔ਄ߢ߽㊀ⷐߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚㧡 (CPQ ലᨐ࠼࠶࠻࡮࡝ࡦࠣⶄว♽ߩ⹜ᢱߣߒߡ㧘ᚒ‫࠻࡯ࠥ࡮ࡊ࠶࡜ࠆࠁࠊ޿ߪޘ‬ᣇᑼߦࠃࠆᒻᚑᴺࠍណ↪ߒߚ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘࿑ 6 ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘೨▵ߣห᭽㧘࠼࠶࠻࡮࡝ࡦࠣⶄว♽ߩ⹜ᢱߣߒߡ㧘ᚒ‫ࠥ࡮ࡊ࠶࡜ࠆࠁࠊ޿ߪޘ‬࡯࠻ᣇᑼߦࠃࠆᒻᚑᴺࠍណ↪ߒߚ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘࿑ 6 ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘೨▵ߣห᭽㧘(Ga,Al)As/GaAs ࡋ࠹ࡠធว㧞ᰴర㔚ሶ♽ࠍࠛ࠶࠴ߦࠃߞߡᓸ⚦ടᎿߒߡ AB ࡝ࡦࠣᒻ⁁ߣߒ㧘㊄ዻߩ⁜ࠥ࡯࠻ࠍࠝ࡯ࡃ࡯࡜࠶ࡊߐߖ
ࠆߎߣߢ೙ᓮน⢻ߥ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ࠍ૞ࠅߟߌࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢ૶↪ߐࠇߡ߈ߚࠬࡊ࡝࠶࠻ࠥ࡯࠻ࠍ૶↪ߔ
ࠆᣇᴺߦᲧߴߡ㧘࡝ࡦࠣߩ቟ቯᕈ㧘ࠥ࡯࠻㑆ߩ㕒㔚⊛ಽ㔌ߩ਄ߢ࿶ୟ⊛ߦ᦭೑ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ⹜ᢱߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶ࠍ೙ᓮߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘 ஥ߩ⣨ߦ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ࠍᒻᚑߒ㧘߽߁৻ᣇߩ⣨㧔ߎࠇࠍ㔚ሶᵄߩ૏⋧ࠍෳᾖߔࠆ㧘ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢ‫ޟ‬ෳᾖ⚻〝‫ߣޠ‬๭߷߁㧕ߪࡇࡦ࠴ࠝࡈߒߡવዉᐲࠍ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ
ਛᄩࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶ Vg ߦኻߒߡ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚30mK ߢߩ⚿ᨐ߇࿑ 7 ߩ⿒޿✢ߢ␜ߒߚ࠺࡯࠲ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ႐ว㧘࿁〝⊛ߦߪන৻ߩ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߣోߊหߓߢ޽ࠅ㧘ታ㓙ㅢᏱߩ Coulomb ᝄേࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᰴߦ㧘ෳᾖ⚻〝ࠍᰴ╙ߦ㐿ߌߡવዉᐲࠍჇടߐߖߚ㧚ߎߩᤨ㧘ෳᾖ⚻〝ߩࠥ࡯࠻ߪ㧝ᧄߩߺ૶↪ߒ㧘ઁߩ㧞ᧄߪᏱᤨࠝ࡯ࡊ
ࡦ⁁ᘒߦߒߡ࠼࠶࠻ߥߤ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߒߡታ㛎ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ㐿޿ߚ⁁ᘒߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ࿑ 7 ߩ㕍޿✢ߢ␜ߒߚ㧚ෳᾖ⚻〝߇ਗ೉ߦᝌ౉ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘ᒰὼ Coulomb ᝄേߩࡌ࡯ࠬ࡜ࠗࡦ߇਄᣹ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒߘࠇ߫߆ࠅߢߪߥߊ㧘Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢᒻ⁁߇ᒝߊ㕖ኻ⒓ᒻߦᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࡇ࡯ࠢߦࠃߞߡߪ࠺ࠖ࠶
ࡊߦᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߽޽ࠅ㧘ߎࠇߪන⚐ߥਗ೉࿁〝ߩવዉߢ⺑᣿ߢ߈ࠆ⃻⽎ߢߪߥ޿㧚ߎߩ⃻⽎ࠍ⺞ߴࠆߚ߼㧘᦭㒢ߩ࠰࡯ࠬ࠼࡟ࠗࡦ㔚࿶ Vsd ࠍട߃ߡ㧘㔚ᵹ㔚࿶․ᕈࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ
વዉᐲࠍ Vsd ߣ Vg ߩ㧞ᰴర㕙ߦኻߒߡࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߔࠆߣ㧘Coulomb ࡉࡠ࠶ࠤ࡯࠼ߦࠃߞߡવዉᐲߩዊߐߥ㗔ၞ

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࿑㧥㧦࠼࠶࠻࡮࡝ࡦࠣⶄว♽ߦ⃻ࠇߚ㕖ኻ⒓ߥ Coulomb ᝄേ ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈ㧚⷗߿ߔߊߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘᷷ᐲߏߣߦࡌ࡯ࠬ࡜ࠗ
ߩ㧚⷗߿ߔߊߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘᷷ᐲߏߣߦࡌ࡯ࠬ࡜ࠗ ࠍࠪࡈ࠻ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࡦ࿑ 10㧦(a) Fano ലᨐߩ᭎ᔨ࿑㧚㧞⒳㘃ߩㆫ⒖߇ห
ᤨߦ⿠ߎࠅ㧘㊂ሶജቇ⊛ߦᐓᷤߔࠆ㧚(b) 㧔6㧕ߢਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆㆫ⒖⏕₸ߩ㑐ᢙᒻࠍ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ q ߦߟ޿ߡࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߒߚ߽ߩ‫ޕ‬߇⪉ᒻ⁁ߦ⃻ࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠍ Coulomb ࠳ࠗࠕࡕࡦ࠼ߣ๭ࠎߢ޿ࠆ㧚ߣߎࠈ߇㧘㕖ኻ⒓ᕈ߇⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᘒߢߎࠇࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆߣ㧘࿑  ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘․ߦ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈߦࠃߞߡવዉᐲ߇Ⴧ߃ߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈߢ㧘࠯ࡠࡃࠗࠕࠬ
ઃㄭ߇ࡇ࡯ࠢߦߥࠅ㧘࠳ࠗࠕࡕࡦ࠼ߩਛߦ⊕޿ਛᔃ✢ࠍᒁ޿ߚࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚⸃㉼ߪ⦡‫ޘ‬⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇㧘߭ߣߟߦߪ㧘㕖ኻ⒓ᕈ߇♽ߩࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘ᰴߦ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈࠍ⺞ߴࠆߣ㧘࿑  ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘᷷ᐲ਄᣹ߣߣ߽ߦ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈߪㅦ߿߆ߦᶖ߃ߡ㧘ㅢᏱߩ Coulomb ᝄേߦᄌൻߔࠆ᭽ሶ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ߎߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈߪන㔚ሶᏪ㔚ലᨐࠃࠅߪૐ᷷ߢ
⃻ࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ㧘߿ߪࠅ㊂ሶࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚એ਄߆ࠄ㧘ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬㧘ߎࠇߪ㧘㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ࠍࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦ࠻ߦㅢㆊߔࠆ⚻〝ߣෳᾖ⚻〝ߣߩ㑆ߩᐓᷤߢ↢ߓߚFano ലᨐߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߚ=?㧚Fano ലᨐߪ㧘࿑  ߩࠃ߁ߦ㊂ሶ㐽ߓㄟ߼ߦࠃࠆ㔌ᢔ⊛ߥḰ૏߇ㅪ⛯⊛ߥḰ૏ߣ౒㡆⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆᤨߦ↢ߓࠆ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ♽ࠍ⚻↱ߔࠆᢔੂ໧㗴ߢߪ㧘㔌ᢔ⁁ᘒࠍㅢࠆㆊ⒟ߣㅪ⛯⁁ᘒࠍㅢࠆㆊ⒟ߩ㧞ߟ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇ㧘ߎࠇࠄ߇ᐓᷤߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ㆫ⒖⏕₸ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߦ࿑
 D ߩࠃ߁ߥ․ᓽ⊛ߥᒻ⁁߇⃻ࠇࠆ㧚᭎ⷐߪᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆ㧚਄⸥ߩ♽ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߣߒߡ㧘ࡂࡒ࡞࠻࠾ࠕࡦ

H EM M M  ¦ Ec\ E c \ E cE c¦ VE c \ E c M  VE*c M \ E c㧔㧕E cࠍ⠨߃ࠆ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘M ߪ㔌ᢔ⁁ᘒ㧘\ ߪㅪ⛯⁁ᘒࠍ⴫ߒ㧘VE’ߪߎࠇࠄߩ㑆ߩ⚿วࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩ♽ߦᛂߜㄟ߹ࠇߚ☸ሶ߇ᆎ⁁ᘒ~i²ߦ޽ߞߚߣߒߡ㧘ߎࠇ߇㧘ߎߩ♽ߩ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯E ࠍ߽ߟ࿕᦭⁁ᘒ<E ߳ㆫ⒖ߔࠆ⏕₸ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ㧚Fano ߇␜ߒߚߩߪ㧘৻⥸⊛ߥㆫ⒖ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ߎߩ⏕₸~¢<E~ ~i²~2 ߩ⋧੕૞↪ VE’߇ή޿႐ว
ߩㆫ⒖⏕₸~¢\E~ ~i²~2 ߦኻߔࠆᲧ߇

ߣ⴫ߐࠇࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ=?㧚ߎߎߢ㧘q ߪ㕖ኻ⒓ Fano ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲࡯ߣ๭߫ࠇ㧘

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㧔7㧕
 ࿑ 11㧦㕖ኻ⒓ߥ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢߩታ㛎⚿ᨐߦኻߒ㧘ߩ㑐ᢙᒻߢࡈࠖ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠣࠍߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧚ࡇ࡯ࠢߏߣߦ
૶↪ߒߚ㕖ኻ⒓ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲࡯ q ߩ୯ࠍ⸥౉ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬




 

࿑ 12㧦Fano ലᨐࠍ␜ߔ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢᒻ⁁ߩ⏛႐ଐሽᕈ㧚࡝ࡦࠣࠍ⽾ߊ⏛᧤ߩᄌൻߦࠃࠅ㧘Fano ലᨐߦࠃࠆ㕖ኻ⒓ߩะ߈߇෻ォߔࠆ㧚ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆ㧚)ߪ㧘㔌ᢔ⁁ᘒMߣㅪ⛯⁁ᘒߣߩ౒㡆⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ߚߛߒ㧘ᐓᷤലᨐࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆ೨ߩ߽ߩ
ߢ޽ࠆ㧚࠼࠶࠻ߩ႐วߢ⸒߃߫㔌ᢔ⁁ᘒ߇㔚ᭂߣߩ㑆ߩ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ߢࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߦ᏷߇ߢ߈ߚ⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆ㧚q ߪߎࠇ߹ߢ㧘◲නߩߚ߼ታᢙߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚࿑  D ߦ  ㅢࠅߩ q ߩ୯ߦኻߔࠆ㧔㧕ߩࠬࡍࠢ࠻
࡞ᒻ⁁ࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚㕖ኻ⒓ߥ౒㡆ࡇ࡯ࠢ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ㧚㧔㧕ߪ q ߩ⛘ኻ୯߇ዊߐ޿߶ߤ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈ߇ᒝ޿㧚^q^ψпߢߪ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈߪᶖ߃ߡㅢᏱߩ౒㡆ࡇ࡯ࠢߦߥࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘q ߩ╓ภߦࠃߞߡ㕖ኻ⒓ߩ⵿ߩᒁ߈ᣇ߇෻ኻะ߈
ߦߥࠆ㧚H =㧙q ߢㆫ⒖⏕₸߇࠯ࡠߦߥࠆὐ߽․ᓽ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬㧘࿑  ߢ⷗ࠄࠇߚ㕖ኻ⒓ߥ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢ߇㧔㧕ߩ㕖ኻ⒓ߥㆫ⒖⏕₸ࠍ⷗ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ߚ㧚ታ㓙㧘㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻AB ࡝ࡦࠣⶄว♽ߪ㧔㧕ߩࡕ࠺࡞߇߆ߥࠅ⦟޿ㄭૃߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ㧘ߘߩવዉ⃻⽎ߦ Fano ലᨐ߇⃻ࠇࠆߎߣߪචಽᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆ㧚㧔㧕ࠍታ㛎⚿ᨐߦวࠊߖߡߺࠆߣ㧘ㆡᒰߥࠝࡈ࠮࠶࠻ߣ
q ࠍㆬ߱ߎߣߢ㧘࿑  ߩࠃ߁ߦ߁߹ߊࡈࠖ࠶࠻ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚Fano ലᨐߩ⹦⚦ߪ߽ߜࠈࠎ◲නߢߪߥ޿߇㧘ㆫ⒖⏕₸㧔㧕߇㕖ኻ⒓ߦߥࠆℂ↱ߪߏߊ☻ߞ߸ߊߪᰴߩࠃ
߁ߦᭂ߼ߡ◲නߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶ߦࠃߞߡࡈࠚ࡞ࡒḰ૏߇㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ౒㡆Ḱ૏ࠍㅢㆊߔࠆ㓙㧘㧔㧕ߦᓥ޿㧘࠼࠶࠻ࠍㅢㆊߔࠆ㔚ሶᵄߩ૏⋧ߪǸߛߌࠪࡈ࠻ߔࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘ෳᾖ⚻〝ߢߪߘࠇ߶ߤᕆỗߥ૏⋧ࠪࡈ࠻ߪ⿠ߎࠄߥ޿㧚Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢߩ ஥ߢ AB ᐓᷤലᨐ߇ᒝ߼ว߁ᣇะߦ௛޿ߡ޿ߚߣߔࠆߣ㧘෻ኻ஥ߢߪᒙ߼
޽߁ߎߣߦߥࠅ㧘AB ᝄേߩᄢ߈ߐ߇ Coulomb ᝄേߩᄢ߈ߐߣห⒟ᐲߦߥࠇ߫㧘ࡇ࡯ࠢᒻ⁁ߦᄢ߈ߥ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈ߇⃻ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚ߘ߁ߢ޽ߞߡߺࠇ߫㧘AB ࡝ࡦࠣߦ⏛႐ࠍශടߒ㧘࡝ࡦࠣࠍ⽾ߊ⏛᧤ࠍ)0 / 2 ߛߌᄌൻߐߖࠇ߫ᐓᷤߩ઀ᣇ
߇෻ォߔࠆߩߢ㧘⏛႐ߦࠃߞߡߔߘߩᒁ߈ᣇ߇෻ォߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ㧚࿑  ߦታ㛎⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߔ㧚ᦼᓙㅢࠅ㧘)0 / 2 ⒟ᐲߩ⏛᧤ߢ㕖ኻ⒓ߩᣇะ߇෻ォߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚⏛႐ߣࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶ߩ㧞ᰴరᐔ㕙ߦኻߒߡ㧘વዉᐲࠍ㧟ᰴరࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߒߚߩ߇࿑  ߢ޽ࠆ㧚㔚႐ߣ⏛႐ߦኻߒߡߘࠇߙࠇ Coulomb ᝄേ㧘AB ᝄേࠍ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ᭽ሶߪ㧘=?ߢㅀߴߚ㔚႐⏛႐ߩኻ⒓ᕈ߇ߎߩ⚛ሶߩ਄ߦ㓸⚂ߒߡ⃻ࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᦝߦߘࠇ߇ή㑐ଥߢ⁛┙ߥᝄേߢߪߥߊߡ㧘Fano ലᨐࠍ੺ߒߡࡇ࡯ࠢߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈߣߘߩ෻ォߣ޿߁ᒻߢ⛊߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚࿑  ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘㕖ኻ⒓ᕈߪ⏛႐ߦࠃߞߡㅪ⛯⊛ߦᄌൻߔࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠍታᢙߩ㕖ኻ⒓ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲࡯q ߢ⴫ߘ߁ߣߔࠆߣ㧘q ߪ⏛႐ߦࠃߞߡᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߒ㧘㕖ኻ⒓ᕈ߇ᶖ߃ࠆ⏛႐ߢή㒢ᄢߦ⊒ᢔߒ㧘ᰴߩ⍍㑆ߦ⽶ߩή㒢ᄢߦ⊒ᢔߔࠆߣ޿߁㧔㧕ߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ㊂ߣߒߡߪ㧘ᭂ߼ߡਇ⥄ὼߥ߽ߩߦߥࠆ㧚ߎߩ࿎㔍ߩ⸃ᶖᴺߣ
ߒߡߪ㧘߽ߞߣ߽◲නߦߪⶄ⚛ᢙߩ q ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ߎ߁ߔࠇ߫㧘q ߪ⏛႐ߩ⥄ὼߥ㑐ᢙߣߥࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘=?ߢዉ߆ࠇߚࠃ߁ߥ Fano ᒻ⁁ߩࠃࠅ৻⥸⊛ߥᒻࠍ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣߣหߓߢ޽ࠆ㧚
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࿑ 13㧦㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻㧙AB ࡝ࡦࠣⶄว♽ߢ AB ᝄേߣCoulomb ᝄേ߇หᤨߦ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ᭽ሶ
ߎࠇߪ㧘⏛႐߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ⁁ᴫਅߢߩ㧔㧕ߩ⴫ᑼࠍ⠨߃ߡ߽චಽߦ޽ࠅ߁ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߦታ㛎ߢFano ലᨐ߇⃻ࠇߚࠃ߁ߥ♽ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ߎࠇ߶ߤ⚵❱⊛ߥ೙ᓮᕈ߇ߥ߆ߞߚߚ߼㧘⷗ㆊߏߐࠇߡ߈ߚ
߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ੱᎿේሶߥߤߣห᭽ߦ㧘৻ߟߩ㊂ሶ♽ࠍ࿕ቯߒߡߘߩࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲࡯ࠍ⚦߆ߊ೙ᓮߔࠆߎߣ
ߢ㧘ᣂߒ޿‛ℂࠍ⷗಴ߔ㧘ߣ޿߁ߎߩ⎇ⓥߩᣇะߪ㧘੹ᓟ߽ߒ߫ࠄߊࡔ࠱ࠬࠦࡇ࠶ࠢ࡮ੱᎿ♽ߩ⎇ⓥߢ㊀ⷐߥᚻᴺߦߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚࿑ 14㧦Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢઃㄭߢ AB ᝄേߩᝄ᏷ࠍ⺞ߴߚታ㛎⚿ᨐߩ଀㧚਄ߩ࿑ߪ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢߢ㧘ࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻ߩ⴫␜ߪ㧘AB ᝄേࠍ⺞ߴߚࠥ࡯࠻૏⟎ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ਅߩ࿑߇ฦὐߢ᷹ቯߒߚ AB ᝄേ㧚ታߪ㧘એ਄ߩ⸃ᨆߢߔߴߡ߇⺑᣿ߢ߈ߚࠊߌߢߪߥ޿㧚࿑  ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ㧘ㅪ⛯ߔࠆ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢߩ㕖ኻ⒓ߩߔߘᒁ߈߇㧘ߔߴߡหߓᣇะߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘ࡇ࡯ࠢߢߩ૏⋧ࠪࡈ࠻߇Ǹߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣℂ⸃ߢ߈ߥ޿ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ࡇ࡯ࠢߏߣߦǸߕߟࠪࡈ࠻ߔࠆߣߔࠇ߫㧘ߔߘߩᒁ߈ᣇߪ㧘੤੕ߦᄌൻߔࠆ
ߪߕߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘߿ߪࠅߏߊᦨㄭߦߥߞߡ㧘ਛ⷏ࠄߦࠃߞߡℂ⺰⊛⺑᣿߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇߚ=?㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ߇㧘ࠢ࡝࡯ࡦߥ♽ߩ႐วߦ↢ߓࠆࠃ߁ߥࡄ࡝࠹ࠖ߇੤੕ߦᄌൻߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߦኻ
ߒߡ㧘ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ੂࠇߦࠃߞߡ㧘ᴛጊߩหߓࡄ࡝࠹ࠖࠍᜬߞߚ⁁ᘒ߇㑆ߦ↢ߓߚ߽ߩߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁߽
ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚Coulomb ⋧੕૞↪߇ήⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߥߤ㧘߹ߛ໧㗴ߪ޽ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘߅ߘࠄߊᧄ⾰ࠍߣࠄ߃ߚ⺑᣿ߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚㧢 ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߣ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬ
એ਄ߩ⺑᣿ߢߪ㧘㔚ሶߪ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߢᢙ⁁ᘒࠍㅢㆊߔࠆߦ߽㑐ࠄߕ㧘૗ߩ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦ߽ࠬ⿠ߎߐߕߦ࠼࠶
࠻ࠍㅢㆊߔࠆࠃ߁ߦᗵߓࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߘࠇߢߪ㧘㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߦࠃߞߡ㔚ሶߩ㊂ሶ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬ߇ᓇ㗀ࠍ߁ߌࠆߎߣߪߥ޿ߩߛࠈ߁߆㧚ߔߢߦ⷗ߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘AB ᝄേߩᝄ᏷ߪ㊂ሶࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߩ⦟޿ዤᐲߦߥࠆ㧚AB ᝄ᏷ࠍ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢߩ๟
ㄝߢ᷹ቯߒߡߺࠆߣ㧘࿑  ߩࠃ߁ߦࡇ࡯ࠢߩᏀฝߢᝄ᏷ߦᄢ߈ߥᏅ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ࡇ࡯ࠢߩᏀฝߢᄌ
ൻߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ࠼࠶࠻ਛߩ㔚ሶᢙߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘߽ߞߣ߽⚛ᧉߦߪߎࠇߪ࠼࠶࠻ߩ㔚ሶᢙߦࠃߞߡ㊂ሶࠦࡅ࡯࡟
ࡦࠬ߇ᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚੹㧘࠼࠶࠻ౝߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ߇㧘࠼࠶࠻ᒻ⁁ߩੂ㔀ߐߦࠃࠅ࡜ࡦ࠳ࡓⴕ೉ℂ⺰ࠃࠅ੍⸒ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦḰ૏㑆෻⊒ࠍ⿠ߎߒߡ Kramers ❗ㅌߒߚ⁁ᘒ߇╬㑆㓒ߦㄭߊಽᏓߒߡ޿ࠆߣߔࠆߣ㧘㔚ሶᢙߩᄌൻߦࠃߞߡ࠼࠶࠻਄ߩ⁁ᘒߢᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߩߪࠬࡇࡦ⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘஧ᢙ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߢߪߔߴߡߩ㔚ሶ߇ࡍࠕࠍߟߊࠅ㧘࠻࡯࠲࡞ࠬࡇࡦ࠯ࡠ⁁ᘒߦߥࠆߩߦኻߒ㧘ᄸᢙ⁁ᘒߢߪᔅߕࠬࡇࡦ 1/2 ߇ᱷࠆ㧚


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એ਄ߩ⠨ኤ߆ࠄ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ߇ᗐቯߐࠇࠆ㧚᷷ᐲំࠄ߉ߪ㧘㧝㔚ሶḰ૏㑆㓒ߦᲧߴߡዊߐߊήⷞߢ
߈ࠆߣߒࠃ߁㧚㔚ሶᢙ߇஧ᢙߩ⁁ᘒߢߪ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ㅢ
ㆊߩ㓙ߦ৻⇟਄ߩⓨߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ḱ૏߇૶ࠊࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩᤨ㧘৻ᣇߩ㔚ᭂ߆ࠄ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ߢ࠼࠶࠻ߦ౉ߞߚ㔚ሶ߇ߘߩ߹߹࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ߒߡ಴ߡⴕߊߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘ᄸᢙ⁁ᘒߩ႐ว㧘৻⇟਄ߩ゠㆏⁁ᘒߪ㧝୘ߩ㔚ሶߢභ߼ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᱷߞߚࠬࡇࡦ⁁ᘒࠍ૶ߞߡવዉ߇⿠ߎ
ࠆ㧚੹㧘࠳࠙ࡦࠬࡇࡦߩ㔚ሶ߇࠼࠶࠻ߦㅴ౉ߒߚߣߔ
࿑ 15㧦㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩࠬࡇࡦ⁁ᘒߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓࠆ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߩ㆑޿㧚(a) 㔚ሶᢙ߇஧ᢙߩ႐ว㧚࠻ࠆߣ㧘࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ߒߡ಴ߡⴕߊ㔚ሶߪࠕ࠶ࡊ㧛࠳࠙ࡦߩࡦࡀ࡞ߢ౉ߞߚ㔚ሶ߇ߘߩ߹߹಴ߡⴕߊㆊ⒟ߩߺ
㧞ㅢࠅ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠕ࠶ࡊࠬࡇࡦߩ㔚ሶ߇಴ߡⴕߞ
߇ሽ࿷㧚(b) ᄸᢙߩ႐ว㧚ࠬࡇࡦ߇෻ォߒߡ಴ߡⴕ
ߚߣߔࠆߣ㧘ෳᾖ⚻〝ࠍ࿁ߞߡߊࠆ࠳࠙ࡦࠬࡇࡦߩ㔚
ߊㆊ⒟߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ㧚ሶߣߪᐓᷤߢ߈ߥ޿ߩߢ㧘ߎߎߢ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬ߇⊒↢ߔࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ ࿑  㧚એ਄ߩ⹤ߪ㧘㔚ሶ߇࠼࠶࠻ࠍㅢㆊߒߚ㧘ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩࠬࡇࡦ⁁ᘒߦᖱႎߣߒߡᱷߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ ޿ࠊࠁࠆ̌which path detection̍ ߢ޽ࠆߣ߆㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻߇⏛ᕈਇ⚐‛ߣߒߡ௛޿ߡ㧘ࠬࡇࡦ෻ォᢔੂࠍ⿠ߎߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ㧘ߥߤߣ⸒޿឵߃ࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߦࠃࠆ࠺ࠦ
ࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߪ᣿ᭉ߿ König ࠄߦࠃߞߡℂ⺰⊛ߦᬌ⸛ߐࠇ=?㧘ታ㓙ߦ⃻ࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘ታ㛎ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘AB ᝄ᏷ߦߪߘߩઁߩ㕖Ᏹߦᄙߊߩⷐ࿃߇⛊߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘࿑  ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄߎߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ᷹ⷰߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠆߩߪෂ㒾ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ඨዉ૕㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻♽ߢන⚐ߥ࡜ࡦ࠳ࡓⴕ೉ℂ⺰߇޽߹ࠅ⦟޿ㄭૃߢߥ޿ߎߣߪ㧘Marcus ࠄߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ♖ജ⊛ߥታ㛎ߦࠃߞߡታ⸽ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ=?ߒ㧘Coulombߩ⼱ߢߩǸࠫࡖࡦࡊߥߤߩᧂ⸃᳿ߩ໧㗴ࠍ⠨߃ߡ߽㧘਄⸥ߩන⚐ߥ⹤ߪߘߩ߹߹ᚑ┙ߒߘ߁ߦߥ޿㧚ታ㓙㧘
AB ᝄ᏷ߩ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢᏀฝߢߩᄌൻࠍ⺞ߴࠆߣ㧘৻⥸ߦߪ਄ߩࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ߇ᚑ┙ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘㔚ሶᢙߩ஧ᄸߦࠃߞߡࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߩᐲว޿߇᳿ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߥࠄ߫㧘৻ߟߩ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢߢ AB ᝄ᏷߇ᄢψዊߣᄌൻߒߚߥࠄ߫㧘ᰴߩࡇ࡯ࠢߢߪዊψᄢߣᄌൻߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿߇㧘ታ㛎⚿ᨐߢߪᄌൻߩะ߈ߪ߆ߥࠅ࡜ࡦ࠳ࡓߢ޽ߞߡ㧘஧ᄸߦࠃߞߡ੤ઍ⊛ߦᄌൻߔࠆ᭽ሶߪߺࠄࠇߥ޿㧚߹ߕ໧㗴ߦߥࠆߩߪ㧘Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢઃㄭߢ૏⋧ߩǸࠫࡖࡦࡊ⃻⽎ߦࠃࠅ㧘ᐓᷤലᨐߩౣ᭴ᚑ߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚‫ޟ‬ౣ᭴ᚑ‫ߩޠ‬㓙ߦᄙ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ߩലᨐߥߤ߇⃻ࠇߡ㧘⷗߆ߌ਄ AB ᝄ᏷߇ᄌൻߔࠆߣ޿߁ᔃ㈩ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ࠍㅢߒߡߩવዉߩ㓙ߦ㧘੐ታ਄ᐓᷤ⚻〝ߪන࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ߦ೙㒢ߐࠇߡߒ߹߁ߩߢ㧘ࡇ࡯ࠢߩ㗂਄ઃㄭࠍ㒰ߌ߫ߎࠇߪ໧㗴ߦߥࠄߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚ᰴߦ㧘㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻਄ߩ㔚ሶᢙߦࠃࠆ๟ㄝߩ㔚႐ߩᄌൻߦࠃߞߡ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻๟ㄝߩવዉ⚻〝߇ᄌൻߒ㧘ᢔੂ⏕₸ߩᄌൻߥߤ߆ࠄ #$ ᝄ᏷߇ᄌൻߔࠆߎߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ᦨᓟߦ㧘ᦨ߽ᷓೞߥ໧㗴ߣߒߡ㧘਄ߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧝㔚ሶ゠㆏ߦࠬࡇࡦኻߩ㔚ሶࠍ⹣߼ߡ޿ߊන⚐ߥឬ௝߇ᚑࠅ┙ߚߕ㧘㔚ሶߩ୘ᢙߣੂ㔀ߥࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߦࠃߞߡⶄ㔀ߥᄙ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߔࠆ
ߣ㧘㔚ሶᢙ߇ᄌൻߔࠆႺ⇇ߢ㜞ࠬࡇࡦ⁁ᘒ߽฽߼ߚࠬࡇࡦ⁁ᘒߣ゠㆏⁁ᘒ߇ᄌൻߒ㧘ߘߩߚ߼ߦ AB ᝄ᏷ߦ߽㕖Ᏹߦⶄ㔀ߥᓇ㗀߇⃻ࠇࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴߆ࠄ㧘ታ㛎ߪᥧ␂ߦਸ਼ࠅ਄ߍߚᒻߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘ㅒߦ‫ߪߢޟ‬㧘ߏߊㇱಽ⊛ߦߢ߽㧘න⚐ߥࠬࡇࡦኻࠍ⹣߼ࠆឬ௝߇ㄭૃ⊛ߦᚑ┙ߒߡ޿ࠆ㗔ၞߪߥ޿ߩ߆‫ࠍߣߎ߁޿ߣޠ‬⠨߃ߡߺߚ㧚ߎࠇࠍ⺞ߴࠆᦨ߽◲ଢߥታ㛎ᚻᴺߪ㧘Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢߩ⏛႐ߦࠃࠆᄌേࠍ⺞ߴࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘 ▵ߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ਛߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒࠍ⺞ߴࠆ᦭ജߥᚻᲑߢ޽ࠅ㧘߽ߒ㧘ᄙ૕ലᨐࠍ➅ࠅㄟࠎߛ਄ߢ㧘‫ࡦࡇࠬޟ‬ኻࠍ⹣߼ࠆ‫ޠ‬ㄭૃ߇ᚑ┙ߔࠆߣߔࠇ߫㧘⏛႐ߦኻߔࠆ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢ૏⟎ߣ㜞ߐ߇ⅶੑߟߩ෺ሶߩ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢ߇㓞ធߒߡሽ࿷ߔࠆߪߕߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠍ⺞ߴߚߩ߇࿑  ฝ࿑ߢ㧘ߎߩ▸࿐ߢߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡇ࡯ࠢߪ㧝ኻߩߺሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ߚߣ߃ߚߞߚ㧝ኻߢ޽ߞߡ߽㧘૗ࠄ߆ߩේ࿃ߦࠃࠅන⚐ߥㄭૃ߇ᚑ┙ߔࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⓹߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߥࠄ߫㧘ߎࠇߪ਄ߢㅀߴߚ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬᯏ᭴ߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߩߚ߼ߦߪ⛘ᅢߩ⥰บߣߥࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘਄ߢ໧㗴ߦߒߚࠃ߁
ߥ㧘ࠬࡇࡦ⁁ᘒߣ゠㆏⁁ᘒߩⶄ㔀ߥᄌൻ߿ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ᄌൻߥߤߩᓇ㗀ࠍ㧘ߎߩ⓹ߩ▸࿐ߢߪήⷞߒߡ⦟޿
߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ㧔߽ߒήⷞߢ߈ߥߌࠇ߫㧘ࡇ࡯ࠢ૏⟎߹ߚߪ㜞ߐߩߤߜࠄ߆ߩᄌൻߣ޿߁ᒻߢ޽ࠄࠊࠇࠆߪߕ
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 16㧦ฝ࿑ߪ㧘㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢ૏⟎㧔❑ゲ㧘ਛᄩࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶㧕ࠍᄖㇱ⏛႐ߦኻߒߡࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߒߚ߽ߩ㧚࿑ࡇ࡯ࠢ㜞ߐࠍࠞ࡜࡯ࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߒߡ޽ࠆ㧚ෳᾖ⚻〝ߪࡇࡦ࠴ࠝࡈ⁁ᘒ㧚Ꮐ࿑ߪฝ࿑ߦ྾ⷺ޿ᨒߢ␜ߒߚࠬࡇࡦኻ߇⦟޿ㄭ
ૃߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ Coulomb ࡇ࡯ࠢ๟ㄝߢ AB ലᨐߩᝄ᏷ࠍ⺞ߴߚ⚿ᨐ㧚AB ᝄേࠍਅߦ⿒㕍ߩࠞ࡜࡯ࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߢ␜ߒ㧘Ⓧಽߒߚ AB ᒝᐲࠍ਄ߩ࿑ߦ␜ߒߚ㧚ߜࠂ߁ߤࡇ࡯ࠢߩᚲߢᒝᐲ߇ዊߐߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߪǸࠫࡖࡦࡊߩߚ߼㧚


ߢ޽ࠆ㧕
㧚
ߎߩኻߩࡇ࡯ࠢߦߟ޿ߡ AB ᝄേᝄ᏷ࠍ⺞ߴߚ⚿ᨐ߇࿑  ߩᏀ࿑ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᦨೋߦ⚛ᧉߦ⠨߃ߚㅢࠅ㧘ߎߩኻ⁁ᘒߩਛ㑆ㇱಽ㧘࠼࠶࠻ߦࠬࡇࡦ 1/2 ߇ᱷߞߚ⁁ᘒߢ㧘AB ᝄ᏷߇ߘߩᄖ஥ߦᲧߴߡዊߐߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ
ߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ=?㧚ߐߡ㧘ࠬࡇࡦ෻ォߦࠃࠆ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߪ㧘‫⏛ޟ‬ᕈਇ⚐‛ߣหߓ‫ߣࠆߺߡࠇࠊ⸒ߣޠ‬ᒰὼߩ⹤ߩࠃ߁ߦ߽ᕁ
߃ࠆ߇㧘ㅢᏱ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㊂ሶ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߣᲧセߔࠆߣ޿ߐߐ߆⿰߇⇣ߥࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ㅢᏱߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ㧘ⅣႺߣߒߡή㒢⥄↱ᐲ♽ࠍ⠨߃㧘ߎࠇ߳ߩ৻⒳ߩ⥄↱ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ᡼಴ߦࠃߞߡ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯
࡟ࡦࠬࠍ⿠ߎߔ=?㧚㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ႐ว㧘‫ޟ‬ⅣႺ‫߽ߡߞ⸒ߣޠ‬㧘ᭂ߼ߡ⥄↱ᐲߩዊߐ޿㊂ሶ♽ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ࠬࡇࡦ෻ォࠍ⿠ߎߒߚ⁁ᘒߣߪ㧘නߦવዉ㔚ሶࠬࡇࡦߣ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ࠬࡇࡦ߇ࠛࡦ࠲ࡦࠣ࡞ߒߚ⁁ᘒ߇ᷙߓࠅߎࠎߢ߈
ߚߛߌߢߘߩᤨὐߢ࠺ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬ߇↢ߓߚߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿㧚⏛ᕈਇ⚐‛ߩ႐วߢ߽㧘ࠬࡇࡦ෻ォᢔੂߦࠃߞߡ
↢ߓߚㄭ⮮⁁ᘒߪ㧘ᭂ߼ߡࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߩ㜞޿⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ Eigler ࠄߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ⷗੐ߥታ㛎⚿ᨐ=?
ߦࠃߞߡታ⸽ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚਄ߢ⸒߁‫ߊࠄߘ߅ߪޠࠬࡦ࡟࡯ࡅࠦ࠺ޟ‬㧘ࠛࡦ࠲ࡦࠣ࡞࠼⁁ᘒߩࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬ߇ㄭ⮮⁁ᘒ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߥ޿⁁ᘒߢߪᭂ߼ߡუࠇ߿ߔ޿ߚ߼ߦ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߢߪ㧘ㄭ⮮⁁ᘒ߇ᧂ⊒㆐ߢ࡙࠾࠲࡝࡯ᭂ㒢ߦ㆐ߒߡ޿ߥ޿⁁ᘒߢߪߤ߁ߥࠆ߆㧫ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᘒߢࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⊒㆐ߒ㧘૏⋧ࠪࡈ࠻߇ߤ߁ᄌൻ
ߔࠆ߆ߪ㕖Ᏹߦ⥝๧ᷓ޿ߣߎࠈߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᚒ‫⃻ߪޘ‬࿷ߎߩ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᧂߛታ㛎ߪㇱಽ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ=?߇㧘޿ߕࠇ߹ߚ‫‛ޟ‬ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅ‫ߣ޿ߚߒ੺⚫ߢޠ‬ᕁ߁㧚[1]ൎᧄା๋‫ޠ♽ࠢ࠶ࡇࠦࠬ࠱ࡔޟ‬㧘ᦺୖᦠᐫ㧚
[2] M. Büttiker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1761 (1986).
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[6] A. L. Yeyati and M. Büttiker , Phys. Rev. B 52, R14360 (1995).
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[8] S. Katsumoto, N. Sano and S. Kobayashi, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 61, 1153 (1992).
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[10]E. Buks, R. Schuster, M. Heiblum, D. Mahalu and V. Umansky, Nature391, 871 (1998).
[11] G. Seeling, S. Pilgram, A. N. Jordan and M. Büttiker , cond-mat/0304022.
[12]K. Kobayashi, H. Aikawa, S. Katsumoto and Y. Iye, Phys. Rev. Lett.88, 256806 (2002).

18

[13]ዊᨋ⎇੺㧘⋧Ꮉᕡ㧘ൎᧄା๋㧘ኅᵏᒄ㧘࿕૕‛ℂ38  [14] U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961).
[15] S. Katsumoto, H. Sato and Y. Iye, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.38, 350 (1999).
[16] W. Hofstetter, J. König and H. Schoeller, Phys. Rev. Lett.87, 156803 (2001).
[17] T. Nakanishi, T. Ando and K. Terakura, unpublished.
[18]H. Akera, Phys. Rev.B60, 10683 (1999).
[19]J. König and Y. Gefen, Phys. Rev. Lett.84, 3855 (2001).
[20]S. R. Patel, D. R. Stewart, C. M. Marcus, M. Gokcedag, Y. Alhassid, A. D. Stone, C. I. Duruoz, J. S. Harris Jr, Phys.
Rev. Lett.81,5900 (1998).
[21]H. Aikawa, K. Kobayashi, S. Katsumoto and Y. Iye, unpublished.
[22]A. O. Caldeira and A. J. Leggett, Ann. Phys.194374 (1983).
[23] H. C. Manoharan, C. P. Lutz and D. M. Eigler, Nature 403512 (2000).
[24]K. Kobayashi, H. Aikawa, A. Sano, S. Katsumoto and Y. Iye, unpublished.






19

αȜΗΨ΢ΐ;θήυϋΒ̤̫ͥͅգႁည಼ܳഥ൵͈۷ख़

‛⾰⸳⸘⹏ଔᣉ⸳  ਄↰ ኡ‫ޔ‬ጊౝ ᔀ㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ
ᦨㄭᒰ⎇ⓥቶߢ⷗಴ߐࠇߚࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓ㉄ൻ‛ߢߪೋ߼ߡߩ⿥વዉߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬‫‛ޟ‬ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅ‫⸥ߦޠ‬੐ࠍᦠߊࠃ߁ଐ㗬ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬᛬ⷺߎ߁޿߁ᯏળࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬ೋ߼ߦ‫╩ޔ‬⠪ߩ৻ੱ㧔਄↰㧕ߣࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓ㉄ൻ‛ߩ㑐ࠊࠅߦߟ޿ߡዋߒ⸅ࠇߐߖߡ޿ߚߛߊ‫ޕ‬⎇ⓥ↢ᵴߩࠬ࠲࡯࠻߆ࠄ㉄ൻࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓߢ޽ߞߚ‫ୃޕ‬჻⺖⒟ߢߩ࠹࡯ࡑߪ㉄ൻࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓߩන⚿᥏⢒ᚑߢ‫ޔ‬ߘࠇ߽ਥߣߒߡ V2O3 ߩᄢဳන⚿᥏⢒ᚑߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ൻቇ಴りߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫ߢߎߎޔ‬ೋ߼ߡᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽ߣ߆ࡕ࠶࠻ォ⒖ߣ߆ߩ⸒⪲ࠍ⡊ߦߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨ‫ޔ‬㧞ర♽㉄ൻࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬V2O3, VO2 ߩන৻ේሶଔൻ
ว‛ߩߺߥࠄߕᄙߊߩᷙวේሶଔൻว‛߽᷷ᐲᄌൻߦࠃࠆ㊄ዻ㧙⛘✼૕㧔MI㧕ォ⒖ࠍ␜ߔߎߣߦࠃࠅ‛ᕈ‛ℂߩಽ㊁ߢᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧔⴫㧝㧕‫ ߩߎޕ‬MI ォ⒖ߪ⚿᥏᭴ㅧᄌൻࠍ઻߁㧝ᰴォ⒖ߢ‫ޔ‬ᷙวේሶଔ㉄ൻࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓߩ႐วߪ㔚⩄⒎ᐨࠍ઻߁‫ޕ‬㜞᷷㊄ዻ⋧ߩ․ᓽߣߒߡߪ‫⏛ޔ‬ൻ₸߇ࠠࡘ࡝࡯࡮ࡢࠗࠬೣߦᓥ޿ዪ࿷ᮨဳߩឬ
‫ޕ‬௝ࠍᜬߟߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ૐ᷷⛘✼૕⋧ߩၮᐩ⁁ᘒߪ‫ޔ‬VO2 ߩࠬࡇࡦ㧝㊀㗄⁁ᘒࠍ㒰޿ߡ‫ޔ‬෻ᒝ⏛ᕈߢ޽ࠆ㧔⴫㧝㧕ᒰᤨ‫ޔ‬ᚲዻߒߚ⎇ⓥቶߢߪࡌ࡞⎇ⓥᚲߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣ┹੎ߒߡ޿ߡ‫ߊ߆ߦߣޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥන⚿᥏ࠍ૞ࠇߣߩ๮઎ߢ‫ޔ‬᣿ߌߡ߽᥵ࠇߡ߽ൻቇャㅍᴺߦࠃࠆන⚿᥏૞ࠅߦബࠎߛ‫ޕ‬ᄢ߈ߥ⦟⾰ߩන⚿᥏ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆ᧦ઙࠍ߅ߐ߃ࠆߎߣ
ߪ㔍ߒߊ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ൻቇャㅍᴺߪ‫ޟ‬ᨐႎߪኢߡᓙߡᴺ‫ߣޠ‬ฬߠߌߚࠃ߁ߦ‫᧦ޘ⦡ޔ‬ઙࠍᄌ߃ߡߪᓙߞߡ޿ࠆߛߌߩ
ᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫↲ߩߘޕ‬᢫߇޽ࠅ㧔㧫㧕‫ⷫޔ‬ᜰᄢߩන⚿᥏⢒ᚑߦᚑഞߒߚߣ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬ᜰዉᢎ᝼߽ᄢ༑߮ߢ޽ߞߚ‫߅ޕ‬㒶ߢ੹ߢ߽㓐ಽߩࠬ࠻࠶ࠢ߇޽ࠅ‫ߩߺᦸ߅ޔ‬ᣇߦߪឭଏߒ߹ߔ‫ޔߢ⸶ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬ඳ჻⺖⒟ߢߪㅅࠊߕ V2O3
ߩ⎇ⓥࠍㆬᛯߒ‫ޔ‬㊄ዻ⋧ߩၮᐩ⁁ᘒߪ૗߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߛ‫ޕ‬㊄ዻ⋧ࠍ቟ቯൻߔࠆᣇᴺߦߪ㉄⚛ਇቯᲧᕈߣ Ti ⟎឵߅ࠃ߮ട࿶ߩਃߟ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬Ti ⟎឵߅ࠃ߮ട࿶ߦߟ޿ߡߪᣢߦ⎇ⓥ଀߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߪ㊄ዻᏱ⏛ᕈߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫⚛㉄ޔߢߎߘޕ‬ਇቯᲧൻว‛ߣ Ti ⟎឵૕ߦߟ޿ߡ MI ォ⒖ߣ㊄ዻ⋧ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߩ⸃᣿ߩ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ߇ㆉᱧဳ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍೋ߼ߡ⷗಴ߒߚ[1-4]‫⎇ߩߎޕ‬ⓥ߆ࠄ 10ᐕએ਄⚻ߞߡ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩන⚿᥏⢒ᚑߣਛᕈሶߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ౒ห⎇ⓥߢၮᐩ⁁ᘒߣߒߡߩ SDW ⁁ᘒ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆߣߎࠈߣߥߞߚ߇[5]‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫⷗⊒ߩޘ‬ᒰᤨߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰ੐⠪㆐ߩ⥝ᅗߦᲧߒߡ૗᡿߆޽߹ࠅᵈ⋡ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߩᓟ‫ޔ‬V2O3 㑐ଥߩㆉᱧ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈၮᐩ⁁ᘒࠍ฽߻㔚ሶ⋧࿑ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬Ᏹߦᓐ╬ߩ⎇ⓥ߇ᒁ↪ߐࠇࠆߩߪᱷᔨ
ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠆ޽ޕ‬ᗧ๧ߢߪᣧߔ߉ߚ⊒⷗ߢ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥߩᤨቱࠍᓧࠆߎߣߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ޿߹ߐࠄߥ߇ࠄᗵߓࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫㧝㧚㊄ዻવዉᕈ㧞ర♽㉄ൻࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓ
Compounds

Valence

TMI (K)

TN (K)V2O3

V3+ (d2)

168

168

V4O7

2V3++2V4+

250

40

V5O9

2V3++3V4+

135

30

V6O11

2V3++4V4+

170

23

V7O13

2V3++5V4+



43

V8O15

2V3++6V4+70

70

V4+ (d1)

340

spin singlet

4V4++2V5+

150

55

VO2
V6O13

TMI: ㊄ዻ̆⛘✼૕ォ⒖᷷ᐲ, TN: ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈォ⒖᷷ᐲ

20㧞㧚AV2O5 (A = Li, Na, Cs, Mg, Ca)ߘߩᓟ‫ޔ‬㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕㑐ㅪ⎇ⓥߦᏎ߈ㄟ߹ࠇ‫㉄ޔ‬ൻࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓߩ⎇ⓥ߆ࠄ৻ᤨ㆙ߑ߆ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕
⎇ⓥ߇৻Ბ⪭ߟ޿ߚߣߎࠈߢ‫ޔ‬ਃߟሶߩ㝬૗ߣ߿ࠄߢ‫ޔ‬ౣ߮‫㉄ޔ‬ൻࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓߩ⎇ⓥࠍᆎ߼ࠆߎߣߦߒߚ‫ߪޕ‬ߓ߼ߦᚻ߇ߌߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬ጀ⁁‛⾰ V2O5 ࠍᲣ‛⾰ߣߔࠆࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓࡉࡠࡦ࠭ߩࠛࡦ࠼ࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߢ AV2O5 (A = Li,
Na, Cs, Mg, Ca)ߣ⴫ߐࠇࠆ‛⾰⟲ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߪࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᚲ⻐࠻࡟࡝ࠬᩰሶߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ㧞ᰴరᩰሶࠍᜬߟጀ⁁‛⾰ߢ‫ޔߜ߁ߩߎޔ‬NaV2O5 ߦ߅޿ߡ㔚⩄⒎ᐨߣࠬࡇࡦ㧝㊀㗄ᒻᚑࠍ઻߁ᣂᄸߥ⋧ォ⒖ࠍ⷗಴ߔߎߣߦߥࠆ[6]‫ޕ‬NaV2O5 ߩ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ᐘ޿ߦ߽ਛᕈሶࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬㔚⩄⒎ᐨࡄ࠲ࡦߩ㨏ゲᣇะ߳ߩⓍጀ᭽ᑼ߇ട࿶ਅߢ⦡‫ޔߒ␜ࠍࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࡟ࡘࠫࡕߥޘ‬ᚲ⻐‫ޟ‬ᖡ㝷ߩ⪇‫⋧ޠ‬࿑߇⷗಴ߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ[7]‫ޕ‬NaV2O5⎇ⓥߩ✚⺑ߪ࿕૕‛ℂߦឝタߐࠇߡ޿ߡ⹦ߒߊߪߘࠇߦ⼑ࠆ[8]‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ࡌ࡯࠲ࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓࡉࡠࡦ࠭ E-A1/3V2O5 (A = Li, Na, Ag, Ca, Sr, Pb)ᰴߦ᜸ࠎߛߩ߇‫ߩߟ৻߁߽ߩ࠭ࡦࡠࡉࡓ࠙ࠫ࠽ࡃޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥࡈࠔࡒ࡝࡯ߢ޽ࠆࡌ࡯࠲ࡉࡠࡦ࠭ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ‛⾰⟲ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ߡ޿߅ߦ࠭ࡦࡠࡉࡓ࠙ࠫ࠽ࡃ࠲࡯ࡌߩߎޕ‬MI ォ⒖ࠍ
⷗಴ߒ‫㉄ޔ‬ൻࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓߩ⎇ⓥߪᦝߦടㅦߔࠆߣߎࠈߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬એਅߦ‫ᧄޔ‬㗴ߩࡌ࡯࠲ࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓࡉࡠࡦ࠭ߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡌ࡯࠲ࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓࡉࡠࡦ࠭ߪ৻⥸ᑼ E-AxV2O5 ߣ⴫ߐࠇࠆൻว‛ߢ‫⴫ޔ‬㧞ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦᄙߊߩหဳൻว‛߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬᥏᭴ㅧࠍ࿑ 1 ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬VO6 ౎㕙૕ߣ VO5 ࡇ࡜ࡒ࠶࠼߇⒫߅ࠃ߮ⷺ౒᦭ߦࠃࠅ․ᓽ⊛ߥ V2O5 㛽ᩰࠍᒻᚑߒ‫ޔ‬ߘߩ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞૏⟎(A)ࠍ A ࠗࠝࡦ߇භ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬A ࠗࠝࡦ߇භ߼
ࠆ૏⟎ߪห৻ a-c 㕙਄ߦ㧞ࠨࠗ࠻޽ࠅ‫ ࠍࠄࠇߘޔ‬b ゲᣇะߦᴪߞߡ੤੕ߦභ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ቯᲧ⚵ᚑߪ x = 1/3 (ߎߩߣ߈ A0.33V2O5 ߆ AV6O15 ߣ⴫⸥ߔࠆ႐ว߇ᄙ޿)ߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬ߣ߈ߩ V ࠗࠝࡦߩᒻᑼ㔚⩄ߪ‫ޔ‬A+ ߩ႐วߪ V4+/V5+=1/5 ߢ‫ޔ‬A2+ ߩ႐วߪ V4+/V5+=2/4 ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬V ේሶߩ⚿᥏ቇ⊛ࠨࠗ࠻ߪਃߟ㧔V1, V2, V3㧕޽ࠅ‫ ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬b ゲᣇะߦ VO6 ࠫࠣࠩࠣ㎮‫ޔ‬VO6 ᪽ሶ㎮‫ޔ‬VO5 ࠫࠣࠩࠣ㎮ࠍᒻᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑࿑㧝㧚ࡌ࡯࠲ࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓࡉࡠࡦ࠭ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧ㧔නᢳ᥏㧕‫ޕ‬㧞ߦ E-Na0.33V2O5 ߩฦ⚿᥏ゲᣇะߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚᳇ᛶ᛫ࠍ␜ߔ
߇‫⚿ޔ‬᥏᭴ㅧࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ‫ޔ‬b ゲᣇะߦߩߺ㊄ዻવዉࠍ␜ߔᡆ৻ᰴరዉ૕ߢ޽ࠆ㧔࿑㧞(a)㧕[9]‫ޕ‬㊄ዻવዉߪቯᲧ
⚵ᚑ㧔x = 1/3㧕ߢߒ߆᷹ⷰߐࠇߕ㧔࿑㧞(b)㧕
‫ߩߘޔ‬વዉᕈߪන⚐ߥࠠࡖ࡝ࠕ࡯࡮࠼࡯ࡇࡦࠣߢߪ⺑᣿ߢ߈ߥ޿
[9]‫ޕ‬ૐᰴర♽ߩ․ᓽߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᩰሶ♽ߩੂࠇ߇વዉᕈߦ㊀ᄢߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫㧞㧚ࡌ࡯࠲ࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓࡉࡠࡦ࠭ E-A1/3V2O5 (AV6O15)
Compounds

Valence

TMI (K)

TN (K)

E-Li1/3V2O5

V4++5V5+180

7

E-Na1/3V2O5

V4++5V5+

136

24

E-Ag1/3V2O5

V4++5V5+90

24

E-Ca1/3V2O5

2V4++4V5+

150

spin gap

E-Sr1/3V2O5

2V4++4V5+

170

spin gap

E-Pb1/3V2O5

2V4++4V5+

Pauli para.

TMI: ㊄ዻ̆⛘✼૕ォ⒖᷷ᐲ, TN: ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈォ⒖᷷ᐲ

21࿑㧞(a)ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬E-Na0.33V2O5 ߪ 136 K ߢ MI ォ
⒖ࠍ␜ߔ[9]‫ޔߪ࠭ࡦࡠࡉࡓ࠙ࠫ࠽ࡃ࠲࡯ࡌޕ‬A = Pb ࠍ㒰ߊߔߴߡ߇ MI ォ⒖ࠍ␜ߔ[10]‫ޕ‬࿑㧟ߦߪ‫ޔ‬A+ߣ A2+ࠍઍ⴫ߒߡ‫ޔ‬
E-Na0.33V2O5 ߣ E-Sr0.33V2O5‫ޔ‬E-Pb0.33V2O5 ߩ⏛ൻ₸ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬A+ = Li, Na, Ag ߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬㜞᷷㊄ዻ⋧ߢߪࠠࡘ࡝࡯࡮ࡢࠗࠬ⊛ߥ᜼േࠍ␜ߒ‫ޔ‬MI ォ⒖ߢࠊߕ߆ߥᄌൻ㧔࿑ਛ TCO ߣ⍫ශߢ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧕ࠍ␜ߒߚᓟ‫ߦᦝޔ‬ૐ᷷ߢ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ⏛᳇⒎ᐨ㧔࿑ਛ TN㧕ࠍ␜ߔ[10]‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬A2+ = Ca, Sr ߢߪૐ᷷⛘✼૕⋧ߢ⏛
᳇⒎ᐨࠍ␜ߐߕ‫ޔ‬ૐᰴరࠬࡇࡦ࡮ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ⊛᜼േࠍ␜ߔ[10]‫⴫ޕ‬㧞ߦ MI ォ⒖᷷ᐲ(TMI)ߣࡀ࡯࡞᷷ᐲ(TN)ࠍ߹ߣ߼ߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬ᓸⷞ⊛ߥ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒࠍតࠆߚ߼ߦ E-Na0.33V2O5 ߩන⚿᥏ࠍ↪
޿ߚᩭ⏛᳇౒㡆ታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ[11]‫ޕ‬࿑㧠ߪฦ㨂ࠨࠗ࠻ߩ࠽ࠗ࠻
ࠪࡈ࠻ߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊄ዻ⁁ᘒߢߪ‫ޔ‬V3ࠨࠗ࠻ߣ V1(V2)ࠨࠗ࠻߆ࠄߩੑߟߩࠪࠣ࠽࡞߇᷹ⷰߐࠇ‫ޔ‬MI ォ⒖એਅߢ‫ޔ‬೨⠪ߩ࠽ࠗ࠻ࠪࡈ࠻ߪ࠯ࡠߦẋㄭߒ‫ޔ‬ᓟ⠪ߪਃߟߦࠊ߆ࠇ‫ߜ߁ߩߘޔ‬ੑߟߪ࠯ࡠߦะ߆޿‫ઁޔ‬ᣇߪ‫ޔ‬50
K એਅߢ᷹ⷰߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥ⽶ߩ࠽ࠗ࠻ࠪࡈ࠻ࠍ
ᜬߟ‫ޕ‬෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ⁁ᘒߢߩ࠯ࡠ⏛႐෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ౒㡆ታ㛎ߢߪ‫ޔ‬V4+(d1)ߦౖဳ⊛ߥౝㇱ⏛႐㧔㨪80 KOe㧕ࠍᜬߞߚࠪࠣ࠽࡞
㧔⛘✼૕Ᏹ⏛ᕈ⋧ߢߩᄢ߈ߥ⽶ߩ࠽ࠗ࠻ࠪࡈ࠻ࠍᜬߟࠨࠗ
࠻ߦኻᔕ㧕ߣ⏛᳇ V4+ࠨࠗ࠻߆ࠄߩ࠻࡜ࡦࠬࡈࠔ࡯ߦࠃࠆౝ
ㇱ⏛႐ࠍᜬߞߚ㕖⏛ᕈ V5+(d0)ࠨࠗ࠻߅ࠃ߮࠻࡜ࡦࠬࡈࠔ࡯
߇⋧Ვߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ૏⟎ߦ޽ࠆߚ߼ౝㇱ⏛႐ࠍ߽ߚߥ޿ V5+ࠨࠗ࠻߆ࠄߩ㧠ߟߩࠪࠣ࠽࡞߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ㧔࿑㧡㧕‫࠻ࠗ࠽ޕ‬ࠪࡈ࠻ߩ୯߇ฦࠨࠗ࠻ߢߩ㔚ሶኒᐲࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ࠆߣߔࠇ
߫‫߷߶ޔ‬ဋ৻ߥ㔚⩄⁁ᘒߦ޽ߞߚ㊄ዻ⁁ᘒ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬MI ォ⒖ߦ
߅޿ߡ V4+ߣ V5+߳ߩ㔚⩄ಽ㔌ߣ㔚⩄⒎ᐨ߇ᓢ‫ߎࠆߎ⿠ߦޘ‬࿑㧞㧚(a) E-Na0.33V2O5 ߩฦ⚿᥏ゲᣇะߦ߅ߌࠆ
㔚᳇ᛶ᛫ߩ᷷ᐲଐሽ‫ޕ‬(b) E-NaxV2O5 ߦ߅ߌࠆᲧᛶ᛫ߩ Na ⚵ᚑ㧔x㧕ଐሽ‫ޕ‬b ゲᣇะ㧔㧝ᰴర㎮ᣇะ㧕ߦᴪߞߡߩᛶ
᛫ߢ‫ޔ‬ቶ᷷ߢߩᛶ᛫୯ߦⷙᩰൻߒߡ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬႐ว‫ ߽ߣߊߥߊߔޔ‬V3 ࠨࠗ࠻ߪ V5+ߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬㔚⩄㧔V4+㧕ߪ V1 ߆ V2‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ਔᣇߦಝ❗ߔࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㔚⩄⒎ᐨߩઁߩ⸽᜚ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬MI ォ⒖એਅߢ‫ޔ‬b ゲᣇะߦ㧟୚ߩ㐳๟ᦼ᭴ㅧࠍ␜ߔ㨄✢⿥ᩰሶ෻኿߇᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ[12]‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ⁁ᘒߦ߅ߌࠆਛᕈሶ࿁᛬߆ࠄ߽ห᭽ߥ㧟୚๟ᦼ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ‫ߩߘޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬㔚⩄⒎ᐨࡄ࠲ࡦߦߟ޿ߡߪᧂߛ⏕ቯߔࠆߦ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬MI ォ⒖ߩ⿠Ḯߣߒߡ‫ဳ࠼࠶ࡒ࡜ࡇޔ‬㧡㈩૏ߪᧄ᧪ V5+߇ߣࠅ߿ߔ޿㈩૏ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬V4+ߦߣߞߡዬᔃ࿾ߩᖡ޿㧡㈩૏ࡇ࡜ࡒ࠶࠼ဳ V3 ࠨࠗ࠻߆ࠄᧄ᧪ߣࠅᤃ޿౎㕙૕ 6 ㈩૏ߩ V1 ޽ࠆ޿ߪ V2 ࠨࠗ࠻ߦ㔚⩄⒖േ߇⿠ߎࠆߎߣ߇ᒁ߈㊄ߣߥࠅ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐ⒖േవߩࠨࠗ࠻ߢ㔚⩄⒎ᐨߦᅢㇺวߥ㔚ሶኒᐲ߇ታ⃻ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬႐ว‫ޔ‬㔚⩄߇৻ߟߩ V ࠨࠗ࠻㧔V1 ߆ V2㧕ߦಝ❗ߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬A+ߩ႐ว 1/4-filled ߢ‫ޔ‬
A2+ߩ႐วߪ 1/2-filled ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬MI ォ⒖ߩ⿠Ḯࠍតࠆ਄ߢ⥝๧ᷓ޿‫ޕ‬ࡌ࡯࠲ࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓࡉࡠࡦ࠭ߩ߁ߜ໑৻ MI ォ⒖ࠍ␜ߐߥ޿ E-Pb0.33V2O5 ߪ‫ޔ‬੍஻⊛ߥ㧺㧹㧾ታ㛎߆ࠄߪ‫ߣ⾰‛ߩઁޔ‬ห᭽ဋ৻ߥ㔚⩄⁁ᘒ߇␜ໂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Pb2+ߪઁߩ㧭ࠗࠝࡦߣ㆑ߞߡቅ┙㔚ሶኻࠍᜬߜ‫ޔ‬V㧟ࠨࠗ࠻߆ࠄߩ㔚⩄⒖േ߇⿠ߎࠅߦߊ޿ߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫⎇ߥ⚦⹦ߦᦝޕ‬ⓥ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬22㧠㧚E-Na0.33V2O5 ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿶ജ⺃⿠⿥વዉߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫㉄ࡓ࠙ࠫ࠽ࡃޔ‬ൻ‛ߩ⋧ォ⒖ߩ․ᓽߣߒߡ㔚⩄ಽ㔌࡮㔚⩄⒎ᐨࠍ઻߁ MI ォ⒖߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㕒᳓࿶ߦࠃࠅ
MI ォ⒖ࠍᛥ߃ࠆ⎇ⓥߪ‫ޔ‬㊄ዻ⋧ߩၮᐩ⁁ᘒߣߒߡ⿥વዉ಴
⃻ߩᦼᓙࠍᜬߞߡߥߐࠇߡ߈ߚ߇‫⿥ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬વዉߪ⷗಴ߐ
ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬E-Na0.33V2O5 ߦ߅޿ߡ‫㉄ޔ‬ൻࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓߢߪೋ߼ߡ⿥વዉ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆߣߎࠈߣߥࠆ[13]‫ޕ‬࿑ 6 ߪ‫ߥޘ⦡ޔ‬࿶ജਅߢߩ㔚᳇ᛶ᛫ߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻࠍ␜ߒߚ߽
ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ട࿶ߦࠃࠅ MI ォ⒖ߪᛥ߃ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬8 GPa, 8 K ઃㄭߢ㔚᳇ᛶ᛫ߦ࠼ࡠ࠶ࡊ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ‫ࠣࡦࠖ࠺࡞࡯ࠪޕ‬ലᨐ㧔ac ⏛ൻ₸㧕ߩ᷹ቯߦ߅޿ߡ߽ᄢ߈ߥ෻⏛ᕈ㧔⿥વዉ૕Ⓧ₸⚂㧣㧜㧑㧕߇᷹ⷰߐࠇ㧔࿑ 7㧕‫⿥ޔ‬વዉォ⒖߇ᬌ⸽ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࿑ 8 ߪ‫ޔ‬⚿ᨐࠍ㔚ሶ⋧࿑㧔࿶ജ᷷̆ᐲ⋧࿑㧕ߣߒߡ߹ߣ߼ߚ߽ߩߢ‫ޔ‬㔚⩄⒎ᐨ⋧ߦ㓞ធߒߡ⿥વዉ⋧߇⃻ࠇ‫ߦᦝޔ‬ട࿶ߔࠆߣ⿥વ
ዉ⋧ߪᶖᄬߔࠆ‫ޔߢߎߎޕ‬E-Na0.33V2O5 ߩ MI ォ⒖㧔㔚⩄⒎
ᐨォ⒖㧕ߪੑᰴォ⒖⊛ߢ‫ޔ‬㔚⩄⒎ᐨ̆⿥વዉォ⒖ߪ㊂ሶ⋧ォ
⒖ߢ޽ࠆߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬෻ᒝ⏛ᕈォ⒖ߪ㧝GPa ߹ߢߩ▸࿐ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ട࿶ߦࠃࠅ਄᣹ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 㧟 㧚 E-Na0.33V2O5 ‫ ޔ‬E-Sr0.33V2O5 ߅ ࠃ ߮
E-Pb0.33V2O5 ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ⏛ ൻ ₸ ߩ ᷷ ᐲ ଐ ሽ ‫ޕ‬E-Na0.33V2O5 ߣ E-Sr0.33V2O5 ߪ MI ォ⒖㧔TCO㧕
ࠍ␜ߔ߇‫ޔ‬E-Pb0.33V2O5 ߪ MI ォ⒖ࠍ␜ߐߕࡄ
࠙࡝Ᏹ⏛ᕈߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓧࠄࠇߚ㔚ሶ⋧࿑ߪ‫ߩઁޔ‬ᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽ߢ⷗಴ߐࠇߚ⿥વ
ዉ⋧ࠍ฽߻㔚ሶ⋧࿑ߣᲧセߔࠆߣ⥝๧ᷓ޿‫ޕ‬f 㔚ሶ♽[14]߿ S㔚ሶ♽[15] ߦ߅޿ߡ⷗಴ߐࠇߚ࿶ജ᷷̆ᐲ⋧࿑߿⏛႐᷷̆ᐲ⋧࿑ߪ࿑ 8 ߦ⦟ߊૃߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߣߒߡ⿥વዉ⋧ߣ⏛᳇
⒎ᐨ⋧߇┹วߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⿥ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬વዉ⊒⃻ᯏ᭴ߦ߅ߌࠆ
ࠬࡇࡦំࠄ߉ߩᓎഀ߇⺰ߓࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬E-Na0.33V2O5
ߩ႐วߪ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉ⋧ߪ㔚⩄⒎ᐨ⋧ߣ┹วߒߡ޿ߡ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉ⊒⃻ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄ំࠄ߉ߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⿥ߒߛߚޕ‬વዉ⋧ߦ㓞ធߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬㔚⩄⒎ᐨߒߚ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ⋧ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߩߢ‫੺߇ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬࿷ߒߚ⿥વዉߢ޽ࠆน⢻ᕈ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡌ࡯࠲ࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓࡉࡠࡦ࠭ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬A = Na,
Sr, Pb ߦߟ޿ߡ㜞࿶ታ㛎߇ߥߐࠇ‫ޔ‬A = Sr, Pb ߢߪ⿥વዉߪ
⷗಴ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿[16]‫ޕ‬A = Na ߦᲧߴߡ‫ޔ‬A = Sr, Pb ߢߪࠠࡖ࡝ࠕ࡯㧔V4+㧕ᢙ߇ੑ୚ߢ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬A = Sr ߩ MI ォ⒖ߪ৻
ᰴォ⒖ߢ A = Pb ߪ MI ォ⒖ࠍ␜ߐߥ޿‫⿥ޔߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬વዉ಴⃻ߩߚ߼ߩᦨㆡࠠࡖ࡝ࠕ࡯ᢙ߿㔚⩄⒎ᐨォ⒖ߩሽ࿷ߣ⋧ォ⒖ߩᰴᢙߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ᬌ⸽ߔࠆߚ߼
ߦ߽ A = Li, Ag, Ca ߦ߅ߌࠆ⎇ⓥ߇ᓙߚࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㜞࿶ਅߩᛶ᛫
᷹ቯߪන⚿᥏ߩ⾰ߦᒝߊଐሽߔࠆߩߢ‫޿ߟߦ⾰‛ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ߡ⦟⾰ߩන⚿᥏⢒ᚑ߇ᕆോߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
E-Na0.33V2O5 ߦߟ޿ߡߪ NaVO3 ࠍࡈ࡜࠶ࠢࠬߣߔࠆᒁ߈

࿑㧠㧚E-Na0.33V2O5 (NaV6O15) ߦ߅ߌࠆ 51V
࠽ࠗ࠻ࠪࡈ࠻ߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻ‫ޕ‬S1‫ޔ‬S2 ߪߘࠇߙࠇ
V3 ࠨࠗ࠻‫ޔ‬V1(V2)ࠨࠗ࠻↱᧪ߩࠪࠣ࠽࡞ߦኻ
ᔕߔࠆ‫ޕ‬MI ォ⒖᷷ᐲએਅߢ‫ޔ‬S1 ߪ S1'ߦ‫ޔ‬S2
ߪ S2a'ߣ S2b'ߦࠊ߆ࠇ‫ޔ‬50 K એਅߢߪᣂߚߦ
S3'ߩࠪࠣ࠽࡞߇᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ‫⏛ޕ‬᳇⊛ߥ S3'ߩࠪࠣ࠽࡞ߪᣧ޿✭๺ᤨ㑆ߩߚ߼ 50 K એ਄ߢ᷹ⷰߐࠇߥߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬

਄ߍᴺߢන⚿᥏⢒ᚑࠍ࿑ࠅ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬㜞࿶ਅߢߩ⦟⾰ߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍᓧࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬࿶ജᇦ૕ߣߒߡߪࡈࡠ࡝࠽࡯࠻ߣࡔ
࠲ࡁ࡯࡞㧛ࠛ࠲ࡁ࡯࡞ᷙวᶧࠍ↪޿ߚߎߣࠍㅊ⸥ߒߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬23

࿑㧡㧚E-Na0.33V2O5 (NaV6O15) ߦ߅ߌࠆ I.5

࿑㧢㧚E-Na0.33V2O5 ߦ߅ߌࠆ⦡‫ߥޘ‬࿶ജਅߢߩ㔚K ߢߩ 51V ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ౒㡆ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞‫ޕ‬ฦ⸥᳇ᛶ᛫ߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻ‫ޕ‬ᛶ᛫ߪ b ゲᣇะ㧔㧝ᰴర㎮ᣇภ㧔S1', S2a', S2b', S3'㧕ߪ࿑㧠ߩ⸥ภߦኻᔕ‫ޕ‬ะ㧕ߦᴪߞߡ᷹ቯ‫ޕ‬࿑㧣㧚E-Na0.33V2O5 ߦ߅ߌࠆ⦡‫ߥޘ‬࿶ജਅߢߩ

࿑㧤㧚E-Na0.33V2O5 ߩ࿶ജ(P)㧙᷷ᐲ(T)㔚ሶ⋧࿑‫ޕ‬ࠪ࡯࡞࠺ࠖࡦࠣലᨐ㧔ac ⏛ൻ₸ߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻ㧕‫ޕ‬PI㧦Ᏹ⏛ᕈ⛘✼૕㔚⩄⒎ᐨ⋧‫ޔ‬AFI㧦෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ⛘✼૕㔚⩄⒎ᐨ⋧‫ޔ‬SC㧦⿥વዉ⋧24 ᦨᓟߦ‫౒ޔ‬ห⎇ⓥ⠪ߣߒߡ⾆㊀ߥ⽸₂ࠍߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ␉ㇱᱜᒾ㧔‛ᕈ⎇㧦‛⾰วᚑ㧕‫ޔ‬ጊᶆᷕ৻㧔‛ᕈ⎇㧦㨄✢㧕‫ޔ‬᳗੗⡡㧔‛ᕈ⎇‫ޔ‬ਛᕈሶ㧕‫ޔ‬Ძ೑ା↵㧔ၯ₹ᄢ㧦㜞࿶ታ㛎㧕‫ޔ‬਄ᐥ⟤਽㧔‛ᕈ⎇㧦㜞࿶ታ㛎㧕‫ޔ‬દ⮮ᱜⴕ
㧔ฬฎደᄢ㧦㧺㧹㧾㧕‫⩵ޔ‬࿾ᷕ㧔‛ᕈ⎇㧦㧺㧹㧾㧕ߩ⻉᳁ߦᗵ⻢޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂[1] Y. Ueda et al., Mat. Res. Bull. 12 (1977) 87.
[2] Y. Ueda et al., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 39 (1978) 1281.
[3] Y. Ueda et al., J. de Physique C2 (1979) 275.
[4] Y. Ueda et al., J. Solid State Chem. 31 (1980) 171.
[5] W. Bao et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (1993) 766.
[6] M. Isobe and Y. Ueda, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65 (1996) 1178.
[7] K. Ohwada et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 086402-1.
[8] ⮮੗଻ᒾ ઁ㧦࿕૕‛ℂ 37 Ꮞ㧔9 ภ㧕‫(ޔ‬2002) 627.
[9] H. Yamada and Y. Ueda: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 68 (1999) 2735.
[10] Y. Ueda, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 69 (2000) Suppl. B. pp. 149.
[11] M. Itoh et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 69 (2000) Suppl. B. pp. 155.
[12] J. Yamaura et al., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 63 (2002) 957.
[13] T. Yamauchi, Y. Ueda and N. Môri, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 057002-1.
[14] D. Jaccard et al.: Phys. Lett. A163 (1992) 475; S. S. Saxena et al., Nature (London) 406 (2000) 587.
[15] D. Jerome, Organic Conductors (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1944).
[16] Y. Ueda, M. Isobe and T. Yamauchi, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 63 (2002) 951.

25໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼౴დٛ඾শȇ3114ා5࠮25඾Ȫ࠮ȫ! ࡿࢃ2শ41໦ͤ͢!
ાਫ਼ȇ໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼˒‫˝ !ٴ‬726࣢৒!
࣒঍ȇౖಋ! ୄࢅ!
! ! ! )൐‫ނ‬ఱ‫ڠ‬ၑ‫شݪࡄࠏڠ‬໤ၑ‫ࢲ୺ڠ‬ȫ! !
ఴ࿒ȇၾঊΡΛΠ͈Αάῧఉఘ࢘‫!ض‬ါকȇ!
ඨዉ૕㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩ㔚ሶ⋧㑐໧㗴‫ߩࡦࡇࠬߦߊߣޔ‬㑐ࠊࠆ⃻⽎ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎ߩ⹤㗴ࠍਛᔃߦ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ყセ⊛ዋᢙ୘ߩવዉ㔚ሶࠍౝ൮ߔࠆ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ⋧㑐ߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡ‫⥝ޔ‬๧ᷓ޿㔚᳇વዉ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ‫ߎߎޕ‬ߢߪ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬න৻‫⚿ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ว࠼࠶࠻♽ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᒝ⏛႐ਛߢ಴⃻ߔࠆ㝷ᴺᢙ⁁ᘒ߿࠙ࠖࠣ࠽࡯⁁ᘒ‫ޔ‬㧞㔚ሶࠬࡇࡦߩࡄ࠙࡝ലᨐ‫ޔ‬ᩭࠬࡇࡦ⚿ว‫✭ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬๺ߥߤߩታ㛎ࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬඾শȇ3114ා5࠮26඾Ȫ‫غ‬ȫ! ࡿࢃ2শ41໦ȡˎশ41໦!
ાਫ਼ȇ໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼˒‫˝ !ٴ‬726࣢৒!
࣒঍ȇProf. V. Zlatic! ! ! )Institute of Physics, Zagreb, Croatia*! !
ఴ࿒ȇTheory of Yb- and Eu-based Intermetallics with an Unstable f-shell!
ါকȇ!
! The properties of a number of Yb-and Eu-based intermetallics which exhibit a valence-change transition, like
YblnCu4, EuNi2(Si1-xGex)2 or Eu2(Pd1-xPtx)2Si2 are most unusual[1,2,3]. At high temperatures, the magnetization
indicates that the rare earth (RE) ions are in a stable configuration, with a local moments close to the free ion value,
while transport properties correspond to a bad metal with suppressed Drude weight and temperature independent
resistance and magneto-resistance. Surprisingly. the usual Kondo anomalies are not found. At temperature Tv thevalency of the RE ions changes, the local moments disappear and the band states reconstruct to give a good metal. In
the low-temperature phase the susceptibility is Pauli like, the Drude peak is fully developed and the Hall data show ahuge increase in the number of carriers. The entropy reduction across the transition is consistent with a complete lossof f-moments, which seem to be quenched by valence fluctuations present in the ground state. For TɅTv, thehigh-entropy (magnetic and semi-metallic) phase can be restored by a large enough magnetic field, HɆHc. The valuesof Hc and Tv are pressure- and doping-dependent but the the ratio ̃=kBTv/ЂBHc seems to be determined by thedegeneracy of the magnetic f-states only.

26

! We explain these properties by the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) of the Falicov-Kimball model[4], which
considers the effects of the Coulomb repulsion between the 4f-and conduction-states but also takes into account thedegeneracies and the splittings of the 4f-states, and allows the statistical mixing of various f-configurations. The
model neglects the quantum fluctuations of the f-electron number, which allows the Hilbert space to be reduced andan exact solution to be found[5]. At high temperatures or fields, we find a gap or pseudo-gap in the excitation
spectrum of conduction electrons has and a sizable occupation of magnetic f-states. The chemical potential is close to
the pseudo-gap, the electrical resistance is large and exhibits a weak maximum at temperatures of the order of the(pseudo) gap, TȡT*. The thermoelectric power is also large and with a minimum at T*. The optical conductivity
shows a pronounced high-energy peak and suppressed Drude Peak. The spin susceptibility of the localized f-states isCurie-like, with the Curie constant given by the number of magnetic ions. The reduction of temperature changes the
f-occupancy, and leads at TȡTvʡT* to a rapid crossover to a highly conducting state. The chemical potential isshifted in the region of the high-density of states and the rude peak dominates the electrical transport. However,since the f-d hybridization is neglected, the ground state is a simple Fermi liquid, rather than a valence fluctuator, as
observed experimentally. At large enough magnetic field the f-moments are restored and the chemical potential isbrought back in the gap or pseudo-gap region.

By tuning the model parameters we obtain the correlation functions of the high-entropy phase, the values of Tv andT*, the phase boundary, and the ratio kBTv/ЂBHc, which are quite close to the experimental results. We areparticularly concerned with systems such as Yb1-xYxInCu4, in which the high-entropy phase is stabilized by doping orpressure down to very low temperatures. Despite its simplicity, the model accounts in a qualitative way for thetemperature, field, doping and pressure dependence of the experimental data.

[ˍ] J. L. Sarrao, Physica B, 259&261, (1999) 129.
[ˎ] H.Wada et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Mat.9, (1997) 7913.
[ˏ] H. Wada et al., Solid State Commun. 117, (2001) 703.
[ː] V. Zlatic et al., Phil. Mag. 81, (2001) 1443;
J. K. Freericks and V. Zlatic, Phys. Rev. B 64, (2001) 245118;
J. K. Freericks and V. Zlatic, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, (2003).
[ˑ] U. Brandt and C. Mielsch, Z. Phys. B, 75, (1989) 365.

27൐‫ނ‬ఱ‫ڠ‬໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼͈‫࢖ۗޗ‬༡͈೒౶ਅ⸥ߦࠃࠅഥᚻߩ౏൐ࠍ޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ㆡછ⠪ߩផ⮈‫ޔ‬Ꮧᦸ⠪ߩᔕ൐ࠍࠃࠈߒߊ߅㗿޿޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧝㧚⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ฬ╬෸߮౏൐ੱຬᢙ  㒝ዻ‛⾰⸳⸘⹏ଔᣉ⸳  ഥᚻ 㧝ฬ㧞㧚⎇ⓥౝኈ  㒝ዻ‛⾰⸳⸘⹏ଔᣉ⸳ߢߪ‫࡮⸘⸳ߩ⾰‛ޔ‬วᚑ࡮⹏ଔࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߩ᦭ᯏ⊛ㅪ៤ࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂ‛ᕈ‫ޔ‬ᣂᯏ⢻ߩ⊒⃻߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‛⾰ߩ㐿⊒⎇ⓥࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩ౏൐ഥᚻߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߣߒߡ਄↰ ኡᢎ᝼ߣදജߒߡ‫ޔ‬ήᯏൻว‛ࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ߘޔ‬ߩวᚑߣ᭴ㅧ߅ࠃ߮㔚ሶ‛ᕈ⹏ଔߦࠃࠆᣂ‛⾰ߩត⚝߅ࠃ߮㐿⊒⎇ⓥࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍᦼᓙߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔㒝ዻ‛⾰⸳⸘⹏ଔᣉ⸳ߩㆇ༡߿౒ห೑↪ࠨ࡯ࡆ߽ࠬᗧ᰼⊛ߦㅴ߼ࠆᣇ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿‫ޕ‬㧕㧟㧚ᔕ൐⾗ᩰ  ୃ჻⺖⒟ୃੌ‫ޔ‬෶ߪߎࠇߣห╬એ਄ߩ⢻ജࠍᜬߟੱ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚છ  ᦼ  છᦼߪ㧡ᐕߣߔࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ౣછߪนߣߒ‫ޔ‬㧝࿁ࠍ㒢ᐲߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧚౏൐✦ಾ  ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕ㧣᦬ 31 ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕ᔅ⌕㧢㧚ዞછᤨᦼ  ᳿ቯᓟߥࠆߴߊᣧ޿ᤨᦼࠍᏗᦸߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧣㧚ឭ಴ᦠ㘃
㧔ࠗ㧕ផ⮈ߩ႐ว㧦 ٤ផ⮈ᦠ㧔ஜᐽߦ㑐ߔࠆᚲ⷗ࠍ฽߻㧕 ٤ጁᱧᦠ㧔⇛ᱧߢ⦟޿㧕 ٤ᬺ❣⺰ᢥ࡝ࠬ࠻㧔ᔅߕ࠲ࠗࡊߒ‫ߦ․ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥ⺰ᢥߦ٤ශࠍߟߌࠆߎߣ㧕 ٤ਥⷐ⺰ᢥߩ೎೚㧔㧟✬એౝ㧕㧔ࡠ㧕ᔕ൐ߩ႐ว ٤ጁᱧᦠ㧔⇛ᱧߢ⦟޿㧕 ٤ᬺ❣⺰ᢥ࡝ࠬ࠻㧔ᔅߕ࠲ࠗࡊߒ‫ߦ․ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥ⺰ᢥߦ٤ශࠍߟߌࠆߎߣ㧕 ٤ਥⷐ⺰ᢥߩ೎೚㧔㧟✬એౝ㧕 ٤ᚲዻߩ㐳෶ߪᜰዉᢎቭ╬ߩᧄੱߦߟ޿ߡߩᗧ⷗ᦠ㧔ተవ߳⋥ㅍ㧕 ٤ஜᐽ⸻ᢿᦠ
㧤㧚Ԙᦠ㘃ឭ಴వ   ‫ޥ‬277-8581 ජ⪲⋵ᨰᏒᨰߩ⪲㧡ৼ⋡㧝⇟㧡ภ  ᧲੩ᄢቇᨰ࿾඙ᐼോ⺖ੱ੐ដ   㔚⹤ 04(7136)3205

e-mail: jinji-kakari@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp  ԙ໧޿วࠊߖవ   ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ 㒝ዻ‛⾰⸳⸘⹏ଔᣉ⸳   ᢎ᝼ ਄↰ ኡ   㔚⹤ 04(7136)3435

e-mail: yueda@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp

㧥㧚ᵈᗧ੐㗄  ‫ޟ‬㒝ዻ‛⾰⸳⸘⹏ଔᣉ⸳ഥᚻᔕ൐ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬෶ߪ‫ޟ‬ᗧ⷗ᦠ࿷ਛ‫ߩޠ‬ᣦࠍᧇᦠ߈ߒ‫ޔ‬ㇷㅍߩ႐วߪᦠ⇐ߣߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧚ㆬ⠨ᣇᴺ  ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲᢎ᝼ળߢክᩏ᳿ቯ޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ㆡછ⠪ߩߥ޿႐วߪ‫ޔ‬᳿ቯࠍ଻⇐޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬   ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕ㧡᦬㧞ᣣ             ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ㐳                 ਄ ↰ ๺ ᄦ28ਅ⸥ߦࠃࠅഥᚻߩ౏൐ࠍ޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ㆡછ⠪ߩផ⮈‫ޔ‬Ꮧᦸ⠪ߩᔕ൐ࠍࠃࠈߒߊ߅㗿޿޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧝㧚⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ฬ╬෸߮౏൐ੱຬᢙ  ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷⿥ᒝ⏛႐㔚ሶ‛ᕈ㗔ၞ㧔Ꭺጊ⎇ⓥቶ㧕 ഥᚻ 㧝ฬ
㧞㧚⎇ⓥౝኈ ᒝ⏛႐ࠍਥߣߒߚᭂ㒢ⅣႺਅߢ⊒⃻ߔࠆᣂ‛ᕈߩታ㛎⊛⎇ⓥ‫⿥ࠬ࡞ࡄޕ‬ᒝ⏛႐ࠍᱞེߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ඨዉ૕㧛⏛ᕈ૕ⶄว⿥
᭴ㅧ߿ߘߩઁߩ࠽ࡁ᭴ㅧ‛⾰ߥߤᐢ޿ᗧ๧ߩૐᰴర♽ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᒝ⏛႐ਅ⏛᳇శ‛ᕈߩ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ߁‫⏛ࠬ࡞ࡄޕ‬႐ታ㛎ᛛᴺߩ㐿⊒ߦട߃✢ᒻ࡮㕖✢ᒻಽశ⸘᷹ᚻᴺߣߘߩㆡ↪ࠍㅴ߼ࠆ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥኻ⽎߿᷹ቯᚻᲑߩ⚻㛎ߪ໧ࠊߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᒝ⏛႐ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩਥⷐߥࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߣߒߡ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥᢎ⢒ߦᾲᗧࠍᜬߞߡෳടߒߡ㗂ߌࠆᣇࠍᏗᦸߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ᔕ൐⾗ᩰ  ୃ჻⺖⒟ୃੌ‫ޔ‬෶ߪߎࠇߣห╬એ਄ߩ⢻ജࠍᜬߟੱ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚છ  ᦼ  છᦼߪ㧡ᐕߣߔࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ౣછߪนߣߒ‫ޔ‬㧝࿁ࠍ㒢ᐲߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧚౏൐✦ಾ  ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 16 ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕ᔅ⌕㧢㧚ዞછᤨᦼ  ᳿ቯᓟߥࠆߴߊᣧ޿ᤨᦼࠍᏗᦸߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧣㧚ឭ಴ᦠ㘃
㧔ࠗ㧕ផ⮈ߩ႐ว㧦 ٤ផ⮈ᦠ㧔ஜᐽߦ㑐ߔࠆᚲ⷗ࠍ฽߻㧕 ٤ጁᱧᦠ㧔⇛ᱧߢ⦟޿㧕 ٤ᬺ❣⺰ᢥ࡝ࠬ࠻(ᔅߕ࠲ࠗࡊߒ‫ߦ․ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥ⺰ᢥߦ٤ශࠍߟߌࠆߎߣ)٤ਥⷐ⺰ᢥߩ೎೚㧔㧟✬⒟ᐲ㧕㧔ࡠ㧕ᔕ൐ߩ႐ว ٤ጁᱧᦠ㧔⇛ᱧߢ⦟޿㧕 ٤ᬺ❣⺰ᢥ࡝ࠬ࠻㧔ᔅߕ࠲ࠗࡊߒ‫ߦ․ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥ⺰ᢥߦ٤ශࠍߟߌࠆߎߣ㧕 ٤ਥⷐ⺰ᢥߩ೎೚㧔㧟✬⒟ᐲ㧕 ٤ᚲዻߩ㐳෶ߪᜰዉᢎቭ╬ߩᧄੱߦߟ޿ߡߩᗧ⷗ᦠ㧔ተవ߳⋥ㅍ㧕 ٤ஜᐽ⸻ᢿᦠ
㧤㧚Ԙᦠ㘃ឭ಴వ   ‫ޥ‬277-8581 ජ⪲⋵ᨰᏒᨰߩ⪲㧡ৼ⋡㧝⇟㧡ภ  ᧲੩ᄢቇᨰ࿾඙ᐼോ⺖ੱ੐ដ   㔚⹤ 04(7136)3205

e-mail: jinji-kakari@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp  ԙ໧޿วࠊߖవ   ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷   ᢎ᝼  Ꭺጊ ᱜੑ㇢㔚⹤ 04(7136)3335

e-mail: takeyama@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp

㧥㧚ᵈᗧ੐㗄  ‫ޟ‬ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷(Ꭺጊ⎇ⓥቶ)ഥᚻᔕ൐ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬෶ߪ‫ޟ‬ᗧ⷗ᦠ࿷ਛ‫ߩޠ‬ᣦࠍᧇᦠ߈ߒ‫ޔ‬ㇷㅍߩ႐วߪᦠ⇐ߣߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧚ㆬ⠨ᣇᴺ  ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲᢎ᝼ળߢክᩏ᳿ቯ޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ㆡછ⠪ߩߥ޿႐วߪ‫ޔ‬᳿ቯࠍ଻⇐޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬   ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕ㧡᦬㧞ᣣ             ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ㐳                 ਄ ↰ ๺ ᄦ29૽ġ মġ ։ġ ൲ġ





 ‫⎇ޣ‬ⓥㇱ㐷╬‫ޤ‬٤ ᐔᚑᐕ㧟᦬ᣣઃߌ 㧔ቯ ᐕ㧕 ᳁ฬ

ᚲዻ













⡯ฬ

⇣േౝኈ ዊ ⼱ ┨ 㓶 ‛ᕈℂ⺰⎇ⓥㇱ㐷

ᢎ ᝼

ቯᐕㅌ⡯

 ਃ ᶆ   ⊓ ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷

ᢎ ᝼

ቯᐕㅌ⡯

 ᱞ ౝ ▵ ሶ 㒝ዻ‛⾰⸳⸘⹏ଔᣉ⸳

ᛛⴚኾ㐷⡯ຬ ቯᐕㅌ⡯٤ ᐔᚑᐕ㧟᦬ᣣઃߌ㧔ㄉ ⡯㧕 ᳁ฬ

ᚲዻ ᱞ ᧃ ዏ ਭ 㒝ዻਛᕈሶᢔੂ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳









⡯ฬ
ഥ ᚻ

⇣േౝኈ⑔ጟᄢቇℂቇㇱഥᢎ᝼߳٤ ᐔᚑᐕ㧠᦬㧝ᣣઃߌ 㧔ណ↪࡮ォ౉╬㧕  ᳁ฬ

ᚲዻ

⡯ฬ⇣േౝኈ Ꭺ ጊ ᱜੑ㇢ ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ᢎ ᝼ォછ㧔ජ⪲ᄢቇℂቇㇱᢎ᝼߆ࠄ㧕 ਛ ᎑   ⺈ వ┵ಽశ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷

ഥ ᚻ

ណ↪





 㧔ቴຬ૬છ㧕᳁ฬ

















30















ᚲዻ

⡯ฬ⇣േౝኈዊ ᨋ ഞ ૫ వ┵㗔ၞ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷㧔ቴຬ㧕ᢎ ᝼ᧄോ㧦߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇℂቇㇱᢎ᝼છᦼ㧦ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㨪ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ᳓ ፒ 㜞 ᶈ వ┵㗔ၞ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷㧔ቴຬ㧕ഥᢎ᝼ᧄോ㧦ኾୃᄢቇᴺቇㇱഥᢎ᝼છᦼ㧦ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㨪ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ⋧ Ỉ ⑲ ᤘ వ┵㗔ၞ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷㧔ቴຬ㧕ഥᢎ᝼ᧄോ㧦⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ‛⾰࡮᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴⎇ⓥຬછᦼ㧦ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㨪ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ߹ߢዊ 㑐   ᔘ వ┵㗔ၞ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷㧔ቴຬ㧕ഥᢎ᝼ᧄോ㧦ℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲవછ⎇ⓥຬછᦼ㧦ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㨪ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ߹ߢਛ ᎑   㓉 ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷㧔ቴຬ㧕ഥᢎ᝼ᧄോ㧦੩ㇺᄢቇࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥᚲഥᢎ᝼
છᦼ㧦ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㨪ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ⍹ Ꮉ ୃ ౐ ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷㧔ቴຬ㧕ഥᢎ᝼ᧄോ㧦ᄢ㒋Ꮢ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥᢎ᝼
છᦼ㧦ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㨪ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ᪢ ේ   ಴ ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷㧔ቴຬ㧕ഥᢎ᝼ᧄോ㧦ᮮᵿ࿖┙ᄢቇᎿቇㇱഥᢎ᝼છᦼ㧦ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㨪ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣદ Ỉ ᱜ 㓁 వ┵ಽశ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷㧔ቴຬ㧕ᢎ ᝼↰ 㦮 ⺈ ม వ┵ಽశ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷㧔ቴຬ㧕ഥᢎ᝼ᧄോ㧦㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴‛⾰᭴ㅧ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ᡼኿శḮ♽ᢎ᝼છᦼ㧦ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㨪ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ

ᧄോ㧦੩ㇺᄢቇේሶἹታ㛎࡮ਛᕈሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ഥᢎ᝼છᦼ㧦ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ㨪ᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ 㧔᣹છ㧕ᚲዻ

⡯ฬ



᳁ฬ

ਣ ጊ ᔒᵤᨑ ‛ᕈℂ⺰⎇ⓥㇱ㐷⇣േౝኈ

ᛛⴚኾ㐷⡯ຬ ᛛⴚኾ㐷ቭߦ᣹છ ᯅ ᧄ శ ඳ వ┵ಽశ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ᛛ ቭᛛⴚኾ㐷⡯ຬߦ᣹છ ጊ ౝ   ᔀ 㒝ዻ‛⾰⸳⸘⹏ଔᣉ⸳ᛛ ቭᛛⴚኾ㐷⡯ຬߦ᣹છ ᷰ ㆻ   ⡡ 㒝ዻਛᕈሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ᛛ ቭᛛⴚኾ㐷⡯ຬߦ᣹છ 㧔૬છ㧕᳁ฬ










ᚲዻ

⡯ฬ⇣േౝኈ ਄ ↰ ๺ ᄦ ‛ᕈℂ⺰⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ᢎ ᝼‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ㐳㧔㨪㧕 ศ Ỉ ⧷ ᮸ 㒝ዻਛᕈሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ᢎ ᝼㒝ዻਛᕈሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳㐳㧔㨪㧕







 ‫ޣ‬੐ ോ ㇱ‫ޤ‬ 㧔ㅌ ⡯㧕











ᚲዻ

⡯ฬડ↹ਥછ࡮

੖ච፲   ീ ડ↹⺖ᷤᄖ࡮ᐢႎដ㐳 ૬  ᧻ ↰ ᥓ ሶ ᐼോ⺖٤ ᐔᚑᐕ㧠᦬㧝ᣣઃߌ 㧔ォ ಴ ╬㧕ᄢ ᧁ ᐘ ᄦ ᐼോ⺖⇣േౝኈ൘ᅑㅌ⡯ᐼ ോ ដ  ㄉ⡯ ᳁ฬ٤ ᐔᚑᐕ㧟᦬ᣣઃߌ ᳁ฬ

ᚲዻ












⡯ฬ

⇣േౝኈ

ᐼോਥછ࡮ ᢎ㙃ቇㇱ✚ോ⺖㐳⵬૒㧔ᢙℂ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᜂᒰ㧕ߦੱ੐ដ㐳 ૬  ᣹છ ዊ ಴ ᱜ ↵ ᐼോ⺖ቇⴚᖱႎដ㐳 వ┵⑼ቇᛛⴚ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࿑ᦠដ㐳ߦ㈩⟎឵ ᧻ ᶆ ᢅ ᄦ ⚻ℂ⺖ᣉ⸳╙ੑដ㐳 Ꮏቇㇱ⚻ℂ⺖ᣉ⸳╙৻ដ㐳ߦ㈩⟎឵ ዊ᫪⼱ ਃᨑሶ ᐼോ⺖ᐼോដਥછ ℂቇㇱ↢‛ൻቇኾ᡹੐ോቶਥછߦ㈩⟎឵ ᐔ ጊ ๺ ਭ ⚻ℂ⺖ᣉ⸳╙ੑដਥછ කቇㇱᣉ⸳ដਥછߦ㈩⟎឵ 㕒 ੗ ߐ߅ࠅ ડ↹⺖✚ ോ ដ  ✚ോㇱੱ੐⺖ߦ㈩⟎឵ᳯ ਄ 㦖 ৻ ᐼോ⺖౒ห೑↪ដ

⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ⡯ຬ⎇ୃ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⎇ୃ੐ᬺ╙㧟⺖ߦォ಴ ᳓ ㊁ ⵨ ሶ ⚻ℂ⺖⚻ℂ╙ੑដ ℂቇㇱ⛎ਈដߦ㈩⟎឵ ጤ ਅ ⚐ ሶ ⚻ℂ⺖⚻ℂ╙ੑដ ⚻ℂㇱᄾ⚂⺖↪ᐲដߦ㈩⟎឵ ᐔ ේ ᐽ ㆏ ⚻ℂ⺖↪ᐲ╙ੑដ ᡽╷⎇ⓥᄢቇ㒮ᄢቇળ⸘⺖੍▚ଥߦォ಴ ⱃ Ꮉ ⡛ ੑ ⚻ℂ⺖↪ᐲ╙ੑដ ⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ᧲੩ᢥൻ⽷⎇ⓥᚲ▤ℂ⺖⚻ℂଥߦォ಴  ጊ ↰   ീ ⚻ℂ⺖ᣉ⸳╙ੑដ Ꮏቇㇱ⚻ℂ⺖ᣉ⸳╙৻ដߦ㈩⟎឵31٤ᐔᚑᐕ㧠᦬㧝ᣣઃߌ㧔ォ ౉ ╬㧕 ᳁ฬ






ᚲዻ

ડ↹ਥછ࡮⮮ ᨑ ఝ ৻ ડ↹⺖ᷤᄖ࡮ᐢႎដ㐳 ૬ ᐼോਥછ࡮ᄢ Ỉ ᖝ ሶ ᐼോ⺖ੱ੐ដ㐳 ૬ ⇣േౝኈ
ಽሶ⚦⢩↢‛ቇ⎇ⓥᚲᐼോਥછ߆ࠄ
᧲ᵗᢥൻ⎇ⓥᚲᐼോដ㐳߆ࠄቇⴚᖱႎដ㐳 Ꮏቇㇱ⥶ⓨቝቮᎿቇ⑼࿑ᦠቶ߆ࠄ 㥲 ⮮ ା ৻ ⚻ℂ⺖ม ⸘ ដ 㐳  ⚻ℂㇱ▤⽷⺖ኋ⥢ដ㐳߆ࠄ ᭑ ᧄ ㆏ 㓶 ⚻ℂ⺖ᣉ⸳╙ੑដ㐳 Ꮏቇㇱ⚻ℂ⺖ᣉ⸳╙৻ដ㐳߆ࠄ

 ㋈ ᧁ ⌀ታሶ ᐼോ⺖ᐼോដਥછ 㒝ዻ∛㒮ක≮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ⺖ක≮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬដਥછ߆ࠄጊ ญ ⑓ ੺ ડ↹⺖✚ ോ ដ  ቇ↢ㇱෘ↢⺖ᅑቇ╙৻ដ߆ࠄ ᯫ ጊ ብ ม ᐼോ⺖ᐼ ോ ដ  㒝ዻ∛㒮ක੐⺖߆ࠄ દ ᧲   ᄩ ᐼോ⺖౒ห೑↪ដ Ꮏቇㇱቇⴚදജ⺖⎇ⓥදജដ߆ࠄ ኹ ญ ᱜ ዷ ⚻ℂ⺖⚻ℂ╙ੑដ ⚻ℂㇱᄾ⚂⺖ᄾ⚂ដ߆ࠄ ዊ Ⴆ ⋥ ⟤ ⚻ℂ⺖⚻ℂ╙ੑដ ᢎ㙃ቇㇱ࿑ᦠ⺖✚ോដ߆ࠄ ⋡ 㤥   ື ⚻ℂ⺖↪ᐲ╙ੑដ ㄘቇㇱቇⴚ࿖㓙⺖ᄢቇ㒮ᢎോដ߆ࠄ ◉ ේ ⾆ ჻ ⚻ℂ⺖↪ᐲ╙ੑដ ⚻ℂㇱਥ⸘⺖߆ࠄ ᴡ ේ ඳ ਯ ⚻ℂ⺖ᣉ⸳╙ੑដ කቇㇱᣉ⸳ដ߆ࠄ

㧔᣹છ㧕













ᚲዻ

⡯ฬ



᳁ฬഀ ↰ ⑲ ᒾ 㒝ዻਛᕈሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳


32

⡯ฬ

 ⠀ ㊁ ᢕ ሶ ᐼോ⺖

 





⇣േౝኈ

੐ോቶਥછ ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ੐ോቭ߆ࠄ᣹છ

໹଼ 26 ාഽஜ‫ٸܢ‬ြࡄ‫֥֚ݪ‬။
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བྷ⸤⎇ⓥຬ
᳁  ฬᚲ    ዻ⎇   ⓥ   㗴   ⋡㑐ଥᚲຬᓟ ⮮ ༜ 㓶੩ᄢੱ㑆࡮ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼ᩭ⏛᳇✭๺ߦࠃࠆૐᰴర㊂ሶࠬࡇࡦ♽ߩ㜞⏛႐ၞౝߩࠬࡇࡦ࠳ࠗ
࠽ࡒࠢࠬߩ⎇ⓥἏ Ꮉ☨ ↰ ᔘ ᒄ᧲ർᄢᄙర‛⾰⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲᢎ ᝼ᝄേḰ૏ബ⿠ߦࠃࠆๆ⌕ಽሶߩ⴫㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬศ ା਄ ⠀   ᒄንጊᄢᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼ๆ⌕ಽሶߩᝄേബ⿠⁁ᘒ߅ࠃ߮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᢔㅺㆊ⒟ߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ਗ ᧁ   ┨਻ᎿᄢᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼ේሶ⁁᳓⚛Ḯߩ㐿⊒ߣ⴫㕙෻ᔕ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬㜞 ᯅ 㗅 ሶ᣿ᴦቇ㒮ᄢᴺቇㇱኾછ⻠Ꮷ᳖⴫㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆේሶ⁁᳓⚛ߩ෻ᔕ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ‫ޖ‬ጊ ↰ ㌡ ੑାᎺᄢℂቇㇱᢎ ᝼ㆉᱧ㔚ሶࡔ࠲⏛ᕈ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⏛᳇૕Ⓧലᨐߦ㑐ߔࠆℂ⺰⊛⎇ⓥᓟ ⮮ᮮ ੗ ⵨ ਯ↥ᬺᛛⴚ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ
ਥછ⎇ⓥຬ

⿥ᒝ⏛႐ਅ࿶ജශടᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒㐳 ↰㜞 ᩉ   ṑർᶏ㆏ᢎ⢒ᄢᢎ⢒ቇㇱᢎ ᝼ᄙ㊀ᭂ㒢㑐ㅪⵝ⟎ߩ⺞ᢛ㧔Ყᾲ᷹ቯ㧕਄ ᐥዊ የ ᶻ ਭ᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲഥ ᚻᏗ࿯㘃⭯⤑᳓⚛ൻ‛ߩ࿶ജലᨐ

‫ޖ‬᪢ ේ   ಴ᮮᵿ࿖ᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ㒮ഥᢎ᝼㜞࿶ਅߩᲧᾲ᷹ቯⵝ⟎ߩ㐿⊒‫ޖ‬ဈ ᧄ   ഞฬᎿᄢᎿቇㇱ
ᢎ ᝼Ꮧ࿯㘃㊄ዻ㑆ൻว‛ߩ࿶ജലᨐߣ‛ᕈ⹏ଔ‫ޖ‬ศ ᧛ ୶ ᜏ਻ᄢᄢቇᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ഥ ᚻ㨄✢࿁᛬ⵝ⟎෸߮㨄✢ๆ෼ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆⵝ⟎ߩ┙ߜ਄ߍ‫ޖ‬㜞 ᯅ ඳ ᮸ᣣᧄᄢቇᢥℂቇㇱഥᢎ᝼ᄙ㊀ᭂ㒢㑐ㅪⵝ⟎ߩ⺞ᢛ㧔ࠠࡘ࡯ࡆ࠶ࠢࠕࡦࡆ࡞ⵝ⟎ߩᡷ⦟㧕‫ޖ‬᧻ ᧄ ᱞ ᒾ‛⾰࡮᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲ
ਥᐙ⎇ⓥຬ

㕖⏛ᕈ࿶ജኈེ᧚ᢱNiCrAlว㊄ߦࠃࠆ࿶ജⵝ⟎㐿⊒‫ޖ‬ᚻ Ⴆ ᵏ ਭᒄ೨ᄢℂᎿቇㇱഥᢎ᝼ࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦ೙ᓮߩ⸳⸘ㄆ㜞 ᪀ 㓶 ੑ᧲ർᄢᄙర‛⾰⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
ഥᢎ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮࠍ↪޿ߚ࿕૕ಽశታ㛎⸳஻ߩၮᧄ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬ᩉ ේ ⟤ ᑝ᧲ർᄢᄙర‛⾰⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
ഥᢎ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮࠍ↪޿ߚエ㨄✢⊒శߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ᦥ ↰ ৻ 㓶

ฬᄢᎿቇㇱ
ᢎ ᝼

㜞ノᐲశḮ૶↪⊒శታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߩ㐿⊒‫ޖ‬㊄ ੗   ⷐฬᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥ ᚻ᦭ᯏൻว‛ߩశ㔚ሶಽశ‫ޖ‬┻ ౝ ᕡ ඳฬᄢ㔍ಣℂੱᎿ‛⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⻠ ᏧBi♽⿥વዉ૕ߩⷺᐲಽ⸃శ㔚ሶಽశ‫ޖ‬ᴡ ว   Ả

੩ᄢᎿቇㇱ
ᢎ ᝼

㌃ൻว‛ߩ⊒శታ㛎‫ޖ‬㋈ ᧁ   ᜏർ਻ᎺᏒ┙ᄢ࿖㓙ⅣႺᎿቇㇱ⻠ Ꮷエ㨄✢ࠬࡍ࠶ࠢ࡞ߩ㐿⊒‫ޖ‬ᮘ ญ   ㅘ

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢℂቇㇱഥ ᚻ౒㡆ㅒశ㔚ሶಽశⵝ⟎ߩ㐿⊒‫ޖ‬↰ ᧛ 㓉 ᴦ

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢၮ␆Ꮏቇㇱഥ ᚻḰ⚿᥏ߩ㜞ಽ⸃⢻శ㔚ሶಽశ‫ޖ‬ᧁ ᧛ ⌀ ৻

ಽሶ⎇
ഥᢎ᝼

ᒝ⋧㑐♽‛⾰ߩ౒㡆ㅒశ㔚ሶಽశߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬દ ⮮ ஜ ੑ㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ഥᢎ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮࠍ೑↪ߔࠆේሶ࡮ಽሶಽశታ㛎⸳஻ߩၮᧄ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬

33

⍹ ੗ ໪ ᢥ

Synchrotron RadiationResearch Center⎇ⓥຬ

㨄✢㕖ᒢᕈᢔੂߩ⎇ⓥ㜞 ᯅ   㓉᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼㜞ಽ⸃⢻శ㔚ሶಽశߦࠃࠆ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߩ⎇ⓥ૒ ⮮   ❥᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼ࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦ೙ᓮߩ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬ᷰ ㄝ   ⺈᧲ർᄢర‛⾰⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
ᢎ ᝼㜞ノᐲ᡼኿శ↪ᄙጀ⤑శቇ⚛ሶߩ㐿⊒‫ޖ‬㑐   ৻ ᒾฬᄢ‛⾰⑼ቇ࿖㓙⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᢎ ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ᦭ᯏ࿕૕ಽశታ㛎⸳஻ߩၮᧄ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬⩲   ṑ ᱜ㒋ᄢၮ␆Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼ࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦ೙ᓮߩ⸳⸘‫ޖ‬⼱ ญ 㓷 ᮸ᐢᄢ᡼኿శ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᢎ ᝼エ㨄✢⊒శಽశ෸߮㜞ಽ⸃⢻శ㔚ሶಽశታ㛎ߩᬌ⸛‫ޖ‬⍹ 㤥 ⧷ ᴦ℄⃿ᄢᢎ⢒ቇㇱᢎ ᝼ࠕࡦࠫࡘ࡟࡯࠲ኾ↪ಽశశቇ♽ߩ⸳⸘‫ޖ‬ᄢ 㐷   ኡ

ᄹ⦟వ┵ᄢ
ᢎ ᝼

ੑᰴర⴫␜ဳࠬࡇࡦಽ⸃శ㔚ሶࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ಽᨆེߩ㐿⊒‫ޖ‬ች ේ ᕡ ᤜㇺ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦ࠻᡼኿శࠍ↪޿ߚಽశ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ᩉ ਅ   ᣿㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ᢎ ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮࠍ೑↪ߔࠆේሶಽశታ㛎⸳஻ߩၮᧄ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬ખ ᱞ ᣽ ผ㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ഥ ᚻ㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬࡇࡦಽ⸃శ㔚ሶಽశታ㛎ࠬ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ
ߩᬌ⸛

‫ޖ‬

ự   ᐢ ᐘ

᧲ർᄢᩭℂ⎇
ഥᢎ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮߦ߅ߌࠆࠪࡦࠢࡠ࠻ࡠࡦߩ⸳⸘෸߮㐿⊒⎇ⓥ⏷ ጊ ᖗ ᦶ㒋ᄢ↥ᬺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲᢎ ᝼ࠕࡦࠫࡘ࡟࡯࠲ߩၮᧄ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬቟ ᧲ ᗲਯテᆢᎿᄢ㜞ᐲ↥ᬺ⑼ቇᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲᢎ ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹ߩ࡝ࡦࠣ⸳⸘߅ࠃ߮゠㆏⸃ᨆ‫ޖ‬ട ⮮ ᡽ ඳ

ಽሶ⎇
ഥᢎ᝼

㜞ノᐲశḮߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⏛⍹ߩ⸳⸘෸߮㐿⊒⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬␹ ⼱ ᐘ ⑲㜞ࠛࡀ⎇ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳
ᢎ᝼࡮ᣉ⸳㐳

㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹ߩశḮ⸳⸘෸߮ടㅦེߩ㐿⊒⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬⸳ ᭉ ື ᄦ㜞ࠛࡀ⎇ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ഥᢎ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮߦ߅ߌࠆ✢ᒻടㅦེ㧔࡜ࠗ࠽࠶ࠢ㧕⸳⸘෸߮㐿⊒⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ኅ ౉ ቁ ᄦ㜞ࠛࡀ⎇ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ഥ ᚻࡆ࡯ࡓ⸘᷹ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ㐿⊒‫ޖ‬૒ ⮮ ᡽ ೣ㜞ࠛࡀ⎇ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ഥ ᚻ࡜ࠗ࠽࠶ࠢߩೋᦼࡆ࡯ࡓࡠ࡯࠺ࠖࡦࠣ⵬ᱜ෸߮࡝ࡦࠣߩ゠㆏቟ቯ
ൻߩ⎇ⓥ

‫ޖ‬

㘧 ጊ ⌀ ℂ㜞ࠛࡀ⎇ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ഥ ᚻ㔚ሶ౉኿ེߩ⸳⸘෸߮ࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆ㐿⊒‫ޖ‬ㄭ ⮮ ஜᰴ㇢㜞ࠛࡀ⎇౒ㅢ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ᣉ⸳㐳࡮ᢎ᝼

㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡼኿✢቟ో▤ℂߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬દ Ỉ ᱜ 㓁㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ᢎ ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞๟ᵄടㅦⓨᵢߩ㐿⊒⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ᤐ ᣣ ବ ᄦ㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ᢎ ᝼ടㅦེࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣ࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ዊ ᨋ ᐘ ೣ㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ഥᢎ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮ࡝ࡦࠣߩ࡜࠹ࠖࠬ⸳⸘෸߮⦡෼Ꮕ⵬ᱜߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ၳ   ᵗ৻㇢㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ഥᢎ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆ⌀ⓨࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬ጊ ᧄ   ᮸㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ഥᢎ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮߦ߅ߌࠆᝌ౉శḮߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ේ ↰ ஜᄥ㇢㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ഥ ᚻ㜞ノᐲశḮ࡝ࡦࠣߦ߅ߌࠆ⺋Ꮕ⏛႐߿ᝌ౉శḮ⏛႐ߩࡆ࡯ࡓ߳ߩ
ᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ᧄ ↰   Ⲣ㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ഥ ᚻ㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚ሶࡆ࡯ࡓࡕ࠾࠲ߩ⸳⸘‫ޖ‬૒ ⮮ ૫ ⵨㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ᛛ ቭ㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⸳⸘⸘↹

‫ޖ‬

34

ㄆ
ᩑ ፒ

ਛ ᧛

ዊ 㑐   ᔘℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
వછ⎇ⓥຬ㜞ノᐲశḮ࡝ࡦࠣߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞๟ᵄടㅦ෸߮㔚⏛⍹ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⸳⸘
෸߮㐿⊒⎇ⓥᾢ ⼱ ᢎ ቁ

㜞ノᐲశ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯᡼኿శ⎇ⓥᚲടㅦེㇱ㐷㐳

㜞ノᐲశḮടㅦེߩ⸳⸘෸߮ࡆ࡯ࡓ౉኿ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬↰ ਛ   ဋ

㜞ノᐲశ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯᡼኿శ⎇ⓥᚲ
೽ਥᏨ⎇ⓥຬ

㜞ノᐲశḮ࡝ࡦࠣߦ߅ߌࠆૐࠛࡒ࠶࠲ࡦࠬࡆ࡯ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬㜞 㓶   ൎ

㜞ノᐲశ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯᡼኿శ⎇ⓥᚲਥᐙ⎇ⓥຬ

㜞ノᐲశḮߦ߅ߌࠆࡆ࡯ࡓߩ㜞ຠ⾰ൻߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ട ⮮ ඳ 㓶

ᒄ೨ᄢℂᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮಽ⸃⢻ᢳ౉኿ಽశࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߩ⸳⸘ᧁ ਅ൬ ဈ ᐽ ↵ᒄ೨ᄢℂᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮ㜞ಽ⸃⢻ᢳ౉኿ಽశࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߩ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬㋈ ᧁ ┨ ੑ

᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥᢎ᝼ᳯ ፉ ਂ 㓶᧲ർᄢᄙర‛⾰⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
ഥ ᚻ㜞ノᐲశḮߦ߅ߌࠆエ㨄✢ࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߩᬌ⸛

‫ޖ‬ᅏ ᴛ   ⺈⟲㚍ᄢᢎ⢒ቇㇱᢎ ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮࠍ೑↪ߔࠆࠦࠗࡦࠪ࠺ࡦࠬಽశታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߩၮᧄ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬਄ ㊁ ା 㓶ජ⪲ᄢᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮߦ߅ߌࠆ᦭ᯏ⭯⤑శ㔚ሶಽశࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߩ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬⑔ ੗ ৻ ବ⑔੗ᄢ㆙⿒ᄖ㗔ၞ㐿⊒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
ഥᢎ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮ↪⋥౉኿ಽశེߩ⸳⸘‫ޖ‬੹ ↰   ⌀㒋ᄢၮ␆Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼⻠ Ꮷ㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬ಽ⸃శ㔚ሶಽశ෸߮‫ޔ‬శ㔚ሶ㗼ᓸ㏜ࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߩ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬↰ ਛ ஜ৻㇢ᐢᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮߦ߅ߌࠆ⴫㕙ൻቇ⎇ⓥ↪ࠦࠗࡦࠪ࠺ࡦࠬಽశࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜
ࠗࡦߩ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬

ᧁ ᧛ ᤘ ᄦᐢᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥᢎ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮߦ߅ߌࠆ⴫㕙ൻቇ⎇ⓥ↪ࠦࠗࡦࠪ࠺ࡦࠬಽశࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜
ࠗࡦߩ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬

㎨ ↰ 㓷 ᄦ

૒⾐ᄢ㩆㩧㩂㩥㩎㩥㩧శᔕ↪⎇ⓥ㩈㩧㩊㨺ᢎ ᝼࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߣ᡼኿శࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚಽశ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ቝℂ㗇 ᕡ 㓶

ಽሶ⎇
ᢎ ᝼

⴫㕙శൻቇ෻ᔕ⎇ⓥ↪㜞ノᐲశḮᄢࡈ࡜࠶ࠢࠬࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߩ⸳⸘‫ޖ‬ዊ ᧖ ା ඳ

ಽሶ⎇
ᢎ ᝼

㜞ノᐲశḮࠍ೑↪ߔࠆಽሶಽశታ㛎⸳஻ߩၮᧄ⸳⸘‫ޖ‬⷗ 㒝 ቁ৻㇢ಽሶ⎇ഥᢎ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮࠍ೑↪ߔࠆಽሶಽశታ㛎⸳஻ߩၮᧄ⸳⸘‫ޖ‬㑆 ἑ ৻ ᒾ㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ഥᢎ᝼㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬ಽ⸃శ㔚ሶಽశ෸߮‫ޔ‬శ㔚ሶ㗼ᓸ㏜ࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߩ⸳⸘‫ޖ‬ᢧ ⮮ ⵨ ᮸㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ᛛ ቭ㜞ノᐲశḮࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߦ߅ߌࠆ೙ᓮ♽ߩ㐿⊒‫ޖ‬ᄢ ᯅ ᴦ ᒾ

㜞ノᐲశ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯᡼኿శ⎇ⓥᚲਥᐙ⎇ⓥຬ

㜞ノᐲశḮࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߦ߅ߌࠆశቇ⚛ሶ಄ළࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᬌ⸛

‫ޖ‬ዊ ᳰ 㓷 ੱේ⎇శ㊂ሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ਥછ⎇ⓥຬ㜞ノᐲశḮ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޔ‬㜞ノᐲ᡼኿శḮ࿁᛬ᩰሶࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦ
ߩ⸳⸘

‫ޖ‬

ᢪ ⮮ ␭ ఽේ⎇᡼኿శ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⎇ⓥຬ

㜞ノᐲశḮߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞ಽ⸃⢻ಽశེߩᬌ⸛‫ޖ‬᫃ ⼱   ೰᧲ർᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼ਛᕈሶᢔੂⵝ⟎ߩࠕ࠶ࡊࠣ࡟࡯࠼⸘↹ታᣉ⮮ ੗㊁ ↰ ᐘ ↵᧲ർᄢᄙర‛⾰⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
ᢎ ᝼

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᄢ ጊ ⎇ ม

᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲ
ഥ ᚻ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ἑ ᚭ ⑲ ♿

੩ᄢℂቇㇱ
ഥᢎ᝼

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᴡේፒ ୃ ਃ㒋ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ᢎ ᝼

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᣣ 㜞 ᣽ ೣ਻ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ㒮
ഥᢎ᝼

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᄢ ┻ ᶻ ᕺℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
వછ⎇ⓥຬ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ਛ ᧛

‫ޖ‬

35

㐳ᦼ⇐ቇ⎇ⓥຬ᳁  ฬᚲ    ዻ⎇   ⓥ   㗴   ⋡㑐ଥᚲຬ㗇 ⮮   ᐘ᧲㇌ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻㧞᦭ᯏ㔚ዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆࡃࡦ࠼᏷෸߮ࡃࡦ࠼ࡈࠖ࡝ࡦࠣߦࠃࠆ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ೙ᓮ᫪ጊ ਅ ๺ ᮸

᧲㇌ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻㧝ᣂⷙ᦭ᯏ㔚ዉ૕ߩട࿶ਅߩャㅍ․ᕈ

‫ޖ‬೨ ፉ ୶ ሶ

᧲㇌ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻㧝ᣂⷙ᦭ᯏ㔚ዉ૕ߩ㐿⊒ߣ⹏ଔ‫ޖ‬ᵤ ⇐ ㆏ ቁ

᧲ᶏᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳᓟ㧝㨄✢࡟࡯ࠩ࡯෸߮㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࡟࡯ࠩ࡯⋧੕૞↪

㤥 ↰⍴ᦼ⇐ቇ⎇ⓥຬ᳁  ฬ๺ ᳋   ೰36ᚲ    ዻ੩ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻㧞⎇   ⓥ   㗴   ⋡㑐ଥᚲຬ㊄ዻ⛘✼૕ォ⒖ࠍ⿠ߎߔ‫ဳ࠻ࠗ࠳ࡦ࡜ࡎޔ‬ൻว‛BixV8O16 ߩ
NMR

Ἇ Ꮉ

৻  ⥸
᳁  ฬᚲ    ዻ⎇   ⓥ   㗴   ⋡㑐ଥᚲຬᣂలႯࠬࠢ࠷࠹࡞࠳ࠗ࠻TbT4P12(T=Fe,Ru,Os)ߩ㜞࿶วᚑߣ⏛
ᕈ

౎ ᧁ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ၔ ⼱ ৻ ᳃ቶᎿᄢᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼ᧁ ᣇ ㇌ ብቶᎿᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳᓟ㧝ࠡ ࡝ ࡜ ࡓቶᎿᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳᓟ㧝లႯࠬࠢ࠶࠹࡞࠳ࠗ࠻ൻว‛YxCe1-xT4X12(T=Fe,Ru,Os),(X=P,Sb)ߩ㜞࿶วᚑߣᾲ㔚․ᕈ

‫ޖ‬㐳⼱Ꮉ   ᱜ᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲഥᢎ᝼㜞᷷⿥⥃⇇ᵹ૕ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ㜞᷷㜞࿶ਅߢߩ⚿᥏ᚑ㐳ᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒‫ޖ‬⨲ ႐ ໪ ᴦ

᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲഥ ᚻ᳓㉄ൻ੝㋦ߩ㜞࿶⋧ォ⒖‫ޖ‬ㄭ ⮮   ᔘ᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥᢎ᝼࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ടᾲ࠳ࠗࡗࡕࡦ࠼ࠕࡦࡆ࡞࠮࡞ࠍ↪޿ߚᄙᚑಽ♽ߩ෻ᔕߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ᦺ ේ ෹ ♿

᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳᓟ㧞

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᐔ የ ⋥ ਭ

᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳᓟ㧞

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᐔ ੗ ኼ ሶ╳ᵄᄢ࿾⃿⑼ቇ♽⻠ Ꮷ㜞࿶ਅߦ߅ߌࠆࡔ࠲ࡦࡂࠗ࠼࡟࡯࠻ߩ᳓⚛⚿วᄌൻ‫ޖ‬⦁ ቞ ዷ ᱜ᧲ᄢℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼⻠ Ꮷ㜞᷷㜞࿶ਅߘߩ႐࡜ࡑࡦಽశᴺߩ㐿⊒‫ޖ‬ᷡ ᳓ స ຦㒋ᄢၮ␆Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼⻠ ᏧLi߅ࠃ߮Naߩ⿥㜞࿶ਅߩ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ਃ ቛ ෘ ᔒ㒋ᄢၮ␆Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ୃ჻㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

᳗ ੗ 㓉 ຦㒋ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥ ᚻࠤࠗ㉄Ⴎࡍࡠࡈࠬࠞࠗ࠻ߩਅㇱࡑࡦ࠻࡞᧦ઙߢߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ጊ ፒ ᄢ テᗲᇫᄢ࿾⃿ᷓㇱ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ഥ ᚻ㜞࿶ታ㛎ߦࠃࠆࡑࡦ࠻࡞㋶‛ߩ࡟ࠝࡠࠫ࡯․ᕈ᳿ቯߩ⹜ߺ

‫ޖ‬ᄢ ᯅ ᡽ ม਻ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ㒮ഥ ᚻᏗ࿯㘃ൻว‛ߩ㜞࿶ਅߦ߅ߌࠆ⚿᥏ᄌᘒߣ࿶❗₸‫ޖ‬↰ ઍ ◊ ผ

਻ᄢℂቇᐭ
ୃ჻㧞

᧻ ᐔ ๺ ਯ਻ᎿᄢᎿቇㇱഥ ᚻࠬࡇࡦࠕࠗࠬൻว‛ߩ⏛႐ਛߦ߅ߌࠆᣂᄸ㧝ᰴ⋧ォ⒖

᭏ ේⒷ ㄝ   ଻ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼ಽሶᕈવዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆᒝ⋧㑐ലᨐߩ⎇ⓥ↰ ፉౝ ⮮ ବ 㓶ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ഥᢎ᝼

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᵻ ೑ ೰ ⵨ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳᓟ㧞

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

᧛ ↰ ᗆ ਃᄢ㒋Ꮢ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼᦭ᯏવዉ૕ߩૐ᷷⏛႐ਅశቇ᷹ቯ

‫ޖ‬ศ ㊁ ᴦ ৻ᄢ㒋Ꮢ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
⻠ Ꮷ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ਛ ⷏   ദᄢ㒋Ꮢ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ೨㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

㠽 Ⴆ   ẖ

␹ᄹᎹᎿ⑼ᄢ㕖Ᏹൕ⻠Ꮷ᦭ᯏ⭯⤑ߩૐ᷷‛ᕈ᷹ቯ㧔Σ㧕‫ޖ‬᫪ ጊ ᐢ ᕁ

᧲㇌ᄢℂቇㇱᢎ ᝼

C60㍲૕ߩ⏛᳇․ᕈ

᫪ᜬ ↰ ᥓ ⴕ

᧲㇌ᄢℂቇㇱ⻠ Ꮷ᦭ᯏ㐿Ზ㈩૏ሶࠍ᦭ߔࠆㆫ⒖㊄ዻᄙᩭ㍲૕ߩ㐿⊒ߣ‛ᕈ⹏ଔ‫ޖ‬ጟ Ỉ ๺ ਽

᧲㇌ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻㧝㧔੍㧕ጊ ᧄ ᣽ มർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼ᣂߒ޿ૐᰴర⏛᳇✭๺ℂ⺰ߩ᭴▽ဈ ੗   ᔀ᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥᢎ᝼ૐᰴర⏛ᕈ૕ߩ⛔⸘ജቇ‫ޖ‬ਛ ㊁ ඳ ↢ᆢᎿᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥ ᚻᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆᒝ⏛ᕈ⋧ォ⒖ߩᢙ୯⊛⎇ⓥ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬
㜞 ᯅ
㧔ኪ㧕

37

ဈ ᧄ ৻ ਯ

᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥ ᚻSTMߣSTSࠍ↪޿ߚࠣ࡜ࡈࠔࠗ࠻⴫㕙਄ߦᒻᚑߒߚ৻ᰴరC60㎮ߩ⎇ⓥ㊄ ᴛ ⢒ ਃ᧲੩ቇ⧓ᄢᢎ⢒ቇㇱᢎ ᝼ૐㅦ㓁㔚ሶࡆ࡯ࡓᴺߦࠃࠆ⴫㕙࡮⇇㕙⎇ⓥ

๺ ↰ ノ 㓶᧲੩ቇ⧓ᄢᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻㧝Ꮉ ᧛ 㓉 ᣿ጊ᪸ᄢᢎ⢒ੱ㑆⑼ቇㇱᢎ ᝼⚿᥏⴫㕙ߩේሶ㈩೉೙ᓮ‫ޖ‬⍹ ੗   ᤩ㠽ขᄢᎿቇㇱ
ഥᢎ᝼ඨዉ૕⴫㕙਄ߩ㌁ේሶๆ⌕ߣፉ࡮⚦✢ᚑ㐳ߩ╙৻ේℂ⸘▚‫ޖ‬ᴡ ᧛ ♿ ৻ᣣᧄ᡼ㅍදળ
᡼ㅍᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲਥછ⎇ⓥຬ࠽ࡁ⏛ᕈ૕ߩᔕ↪⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ች ጟ ⑲ ᴦᣣᧄ᡼ㅍදળ᡼ㅍᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲࡐࠬ࠻࠼ࠢ࠻࡜࡞⎇ⓥຬ

ፉ ㊁   ੫

‫ޖ‬

ዊ ᫪
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

᧲ᄢᎿቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼ഥ ᚻ⿥㜞ㅦᤨ㑆ಽ⸃ಽశᴺࠍ↪޿ߚᏗ⭯⏛ᕈඨዉ૕ߩᒝ⏛ᕈᯏ᭴⸃᣿ൎ ᧄฎ Ꮉ ⟵ ⚐ർᄢૐ᷷⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲഥᢎ᝼ਇಓ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰(AFP)ߦࠃࠆ᳖⚿᥏ᚑ㐳೙ᓮᯏ᭴ߩಽሶ࡟ࡌ࡞
⸃ᨆ

ศ ା

᧻ ᶆ ⦟ ᮸㒋ᄢⰮ⊕⾰⎇ⓥᚲഥᢎ᝼ࠕࡒࡠ࡯ࠬ࡮࡛࡯࠼ⶄว૕ಽሶߩSTMߦࠃࠆ⋥ⷞⷰኤ㐳 የ ᔘ ᤘ

᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲഥᢎ᝼ᭂૐ᷷STM/STSߦࠃࠆSi(557)-5x1-Au⴫㕙⿥᭴ㅧߩ㔚ሶ‛ᕈ᷹ቯ㐳⼱Ꮉ㧿㧭㧰㧻㨃㧿㧷㧵㧘
᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲ
㧶㨑㨞㨦㨥 㨀㨛㨙㨍㨟㨦 ഥ ᚻ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

๓   స ノ᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲ
ਛᩭ⊛⎇ⓥᯏ㑐⎇ⓥຬ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᩉ ᴧ   ᤯᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳᓟ㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

᪀ ㊁ ᢕ ม

᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ೨㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

⮮ Ꮉ ቟ ੳ

᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲഥ ᚻ㜞 ᧛ ↱⿠ሶ

᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲ
ഥ ᚻ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

₺   ᑪ ┙᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲ
ਛᩭ⊛⎇ⓥᯏ㑐⎇ⓥຬ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

᪀ ㊁ ⡡ ሶ

᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳᓟ㧟

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

Ꮉ ፉ 㓷 ੱ

᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ೨㧞

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ਃ ᧁ ৻ ม‛⾰࡮᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴
ਥᏨ⎇ⓥຬ

SPMࠍ↪޿ߚ࠽ࡁ᭴ㅧߩഃ⵾⚵ 㗡 ᐢ ᔒ᧲ᄢᎿቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼ഥ ᚻ᡼኿శశ㔚ሶಽశߦࠃࠆᒝ⋧㑐㉄ൻ‛⭯⤑ߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߩ⎇ⓥ

ዊ ᨋ ᄢ ੺᧲ᄢᎿቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻㧞᧻ ᧄ ␭ ม

STM-AFMࠍ↪޿ߚSiGe㜞ᜰᢙ㕙ߩේሶ᭴ㅧ⸃᣿

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬
࡝࠶ࡊࡑ࡯

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

᧲Ꮏᄢࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕഃㅧ౒ห⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ഥ ᚻหゲဳ⋥ⴣ⓭ࠗࠝࡦ㍲ੂಽశᴺߦࠃࠆ㉄ൻ‛⭯⤑⴫㕙ߩ᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ‫ޖ‬ᷓ ㆏ ๺ ᣿᧲ർᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼ㆉᱧ㔚ሶ⏛ᕈ૕La(FexM1-x)13Ay(M=Al,Si,A=H,N)ߩ࿶ജਛߩ⏛
᳇⋧ォ⒖

ᓟ ⮮

⮮ ↰ 㤗 ຦᧲ർᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥᢎ᝼⮮ ᨑ   ବ᧲ർᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ჻㧞

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

౉ Ỉ   ⷡ᧲ർᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ჻㧞

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᄥ ↰ ర ၮ᧲ർᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇᝄ․೎⎇ⓥຬ‫ޖ‬‫ޖ‬ዊ ጊ ૫ ৻

᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲഥᢎ᝼ㆉᱧ㔚ሶ⏛ᕈ૕ߩᒝ⏛႐࡮㜞࿶ਅ⏛ൻ᷹ቯ‫ޖ‬⍹ Ꮉ ᢥ ᵗ᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲ
㧯㧻㧱⎇ⓥຬ

ᒝ⏛ᕈㆉᱧ㔚ሶࡔ࠲⏛ᕈ૕LaCo5Hxߩᒝ⏛႐⏛ᕈ‫ޖ‬ጊ ญ ⋉ ᒄᮮᵿ࿖ᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ㒮ᢎ ᝼Ꮧ࿯㘃♽㊄ዻ㑆ൻว‛RMn2ߣߘߩ᳓⚛ൻ‛RMn2Hxߩ⏛ᕈ

‫ޖ‬

38

‫ޖ‬

ศ ᧛ ৻ ⦟੩ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼ଔᢙォ⒖㊄ዻ㑆ൻว‛Yb1-xRxInCu4(R=Y,La,Ce,Y)ߩᒝ⏛႐⏛
ൻㆊ⒟

ᓟ ⮮

ᒛ     ⛽੩ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ჻㧟

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᕲ ↰ ᄢ テ

੩ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ୃ჻㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ട ⮮ ዁ ᮸੩ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥ ᚻૐᰴర᭴ㅧࠍ᦭ߔࠆࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓ߅ࠃ߮㌃㉄ൻ‛ߩᒝ⏛႐ਅߦ߅
ߌࠆ⏛ᕈ

‫ޖ‬

ᄢ ႐ ♿ ┨੩ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ୃ჻㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

Ꮒ ᶏ ₵ ㆏

਻ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ㒮ᢎ ᝼ᄢ ᯅ ᡽ ม਻ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ㒮
ഥ ᚻ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

⑺ ጊ ⑲ ᴦ਻ᄢℂቇᐭୃ჻㧝㧔੍㧕‫ޖ‬‫ޖ‬⩲ ේ   ੳㇺ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥ ᚻ૒ ⮮ ⧷ ⴕㇺ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ᢎ ᝼

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ዊ ᨋ ᧂ Ꮧㇺ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ୃ჻㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ࠪࡖࡂ࡮ࠪࡖࡦ࠲࡮
࡜ࡦࠫࡖࡦㇺ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇᝄᄖ࿖ੱ․೎⎇ⓥຬ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

੗ ㊁ ඳ ḩᴺ᡽ᄢᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼㜞࿶ਅߦ߅ߌࠆFCC㋕ว㊄ߩ⏛ᕈ‫ޖ‬ጊ ❐ ⾆ ผᴺ᡽ᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ୃ჻㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

๺ ↰ ା 㓶ฬᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼⼱ ญ ᷕ ሶ᧲ᄢℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻㧞ᴡ ㊁ ౏ ବℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲਥછ⎇ⓥຬᳰ ਄ ᒄ ᮸ℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
⎇ⓥຬ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

᫾ ↰ ⑲ ๺ℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
⎇ⓥຬ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

Ꮉ ፒ ஜ มℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
දജ⎇ⓥຬ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ේ ↰ ୃ ᴦᣂẟᄢᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼ਛ ᧛   ⺈ᣂẟᄢ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ೨㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

⨹ ᧁ ⑲ ᣿

㐳ጟ㜞ኾ
ഥ ᚻ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

᧻ ේ   ᣿੩ᄢૐ᷷‛⾰⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ഥᢎ᝼૒‫⼾   ᧁޘ‬੩ᄢૐ᷷‛⾰⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
ഥᢎ᝼

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

⑔ ↰ ⠹ ᴦ੩ᄢක≮ᛛⴚ⍴ᦼᄢቇㇱ
ᢎ ᝼

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ጊ ਅ   ⓛ੩ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ჻㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᄥ ↰   ੳ␹ᚭᄢಽሶࡈࠜ࠻ࠨࠗࠛࡦࠬ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᢎ ᝼ࡄ࡞ࠬᒝ⏛႐ߣࡑࠗࠢࡠࠞࡦ࠴࡟ࡃ࡯ࠍ↪޿ߚ㧱㧿㧾᷹ቯⵝ⟎
ߩ㐿⊒

㐳 ↰

ᧁ ୀ   ၮ␹ᚭᄢ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ୃ჻㧞

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

㊁ ዥ ᶈ ਯ

ጟጊᄢℂቇㇱᢎ ᝼⿥㜞ㅦ᝹ᒁࡄ࡞ࠬ⏛႐ߦࠃࠆࠬࡇࡦ✭๺ߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬᧻ ↰ ᐽ ᒄጟጊᄢℂቇㇱഥᢎ᝼

Ꮧ⭯⏛ᕈඨዉ૕ߩ⿥ᒝ⏛႐శࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞

‫ޖ‬ේ   ཅ ᤘ

⨙ၔᎿኾ
⻠ Ꮷ

Ǫ-FeSi2න⚿᥏ߩᒝ⏛႐ਅャㅍ․ᕈ

‫ޖ‬෻ᒝ⏛ᕈf㔚ሶ♽ൻว‛ߦ߅ߌࠆࡔ࠲⏛ᕈߣ࿶ജലᨐ

లႯࠬࠢ࠶࠹࡞࠳ࠗ࠻ൻว‛ߩ㜞࿶ਅߦ߅ߌࠆ⏛ᕈࡔ࠱ᄙሹ૕ਛࡋ࡝࠙ࡓ㧟㊂ሶᵹ૕ߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬㊂ሶᵹ૕ߩ⴫㕙‛ᕈߩ⎇ⓥ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

⍹ ᧄ
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬

ૐ᷷ਅߦ߅ߌࠆ㊄ዻਛߩ᳓⚛ߩ㊂ሶലᨐ࿁ォ⿥ᵹേ3HeߩNMRታ㛎

ਭ଻↰

‫ޖ‬

39

ጊ ⼱ ๺ ᒾർᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼ਃ ᵤ ⋥ ผർᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻㧝᛬ ⨃ ᘕ ৻

᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲഥᢎ᝼ਛ ᫪ ⵨ ሶ

᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲഥ ᚻട ⮮ 㓷 ᕡ᧲ർᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥᢎ᝼੹ ੗ ⦟ ቬ᧲ർᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ೨㧞ർ Ꮉ   ብૐᰴరዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞࿶࡮ૐ᷷ਅߩ⇣Ᏹߥ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ‫ޖ‬㜞࿶ࠟࠬਛߢߩ᳓⚛⾂⬿᧚ᢱวᚑࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ㐿⊒‫ޖ‬㧟ᰴరࡍࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻ဳ㉄ൻ‛Ba1-xKxBiO3ߩ࿶ജലᨐ

਄ ᐥ
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

╳ᵄᄢൻቇ♽
ഥᢎ᝼

NiNil-Chain㍲૕ߩP-T⋧࿑ߩ⸃᣿‫ޖ‬⼱ ญ ᒄ ਃၯ₹ᄢℂቇㇱഥ ᚻૐᰴర᦭ᯏ‛⾰߳ߩ10Gpa⚖⿥㜞࿶ශടߦࠃࠆ⿥વዉߩត⚝‫ޖ‬ౝ ጊ ⾫ ৻ၯ₹ᄢℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ୃ჻㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ዊ ፉ ᙗ ㆏᧲ᄢ✚วᢥൻ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼㋕ᷙวේሶଔ㍲૕(n-CnH2n+1)4N[Fe Τ Fe Υ (C2O2S2)3]ߩ࿶ജਅߦ
߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄⒖േ⋧ォ⒖ߣᒝ⏛ᕈߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬♻ ੗ ల Ⓞ

᧲ᄢ✚วᢥൻ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ჻㧞

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ዊ ᨋ ⟵ ᒾ㔚᳇ㅢାᄢ㔚᳇ㅢାቇㇱ
ഥ ᚻ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

᪢ ේ   ಴ᮮᵿ࿖ᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ㒮ഥᢎ᝼ን ጟ ผ ᣿ᮮᵿ࿖ᄢᎿቇᐭඳ೨㧞ဈ ᧄ   ഞฬᎿᄢᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼

Ce2Tin8(T=Co,Rh,Ir)෸߮㑐ㅪ‛⾰ߩャㅍ⃻⽎ߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬៨ ᓙ ജ ↢㒋ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥᢎ᝼࠙࡜ࡦൻว‛߅ࠃ߮࠮࡝࠙ࡓൻว‛ߦ߅ߌࠆ㊂ሶ⥃⇇ㄭறߢߩ‛ᕈߣ⿥વዉ

‫ޖ‬ਛ ፉ ⟤ Ꮤ㒋ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ഥ ᚻ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

᪢ የ ๺ ೣᐢᄢవ┵‛⾰⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥ ᚻ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕Ce7Ni3ߩ࿶ജ⺃⿠㊂ሶ⥃⇇ὐㄭறߩ㔚᳇
ᛶ᛫᷹ቯ

‫ޖ‬

⋉ ⋓ ஜ ᄥᐢᄢవ┵‛⾰⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ୃ჻㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

❥ ጟ   ㅘጊญᄢℂቇㇱ
ᢎ ᝼

Rcu2Ge2㧔R=Ꮧ࿯㘃㧕ߩ⏛ᕈߣߘߩ࿶ജലᨐ‫ޖ‬ᐔ ↰ ᶈ ㇢

ጊญᄢℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻㧞RCu2Ge2㧔R=Ꮧ࿯㘃㧕ߩ⏛ᕈߣߘߩ࿶ജലᨐ

‫ޖ‬❥ ጟ   ㅘጊญᄢℂቇㇱᢎ ᝼

PrCu2Ge2ߩ⏛᳇ォ⒖ߩ࿶ജലᨐ‫ޖ‬⊕ ⍹ ዁ ፏ

ጊญᄢℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ೨㧞

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

Ꮒ ᶏ ₵ ㆏

਻ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ㒮ᢎ ᝼ᄢ ᯅ  ᡽ม਻ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ㒮
ഥ ᚻ

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‫ޖ‬

ᢧ ⮮ ✍ ᐔ਻ᄢℂቇᐭୃ჻㧝㧔੍㧕‫ޖ‬‫ޖ‬㤥 ↰ ⷙ ᢘᾢᧄᄢᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼ࡂࠨ࠿࠺ࠖࡦ

ᾢᧄᄢᎿቇㇱ
ඳ჻⎇ⓥຬ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᨋ   ᵗ ቁᾢᧄᄢ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ೨㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ട⾐ጊ ᦮ ሶᾢᧄᄢᎿቇㇱ
ഥᢎ᝼ጊ ፒ ᢥ ବᾢᧄᄢ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ೨㧝⍫ࡩፒ స 㚍℄⃿ᄢℂቇㇱ
ᢎ ᝼

40

Ce2Tin8ߩ㜞࿶ਅᲧᾲߩ᷹ቯ

‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬

f㔚ሶ♽ൻว‛ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿶ജ⺃⿠㊂ሶォ⒖ߩត⚝TCNQൻว‛ߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞࿶㔚᳇વዉᏗ࿯㘃ࠕࡦ࠴ࡕࡦൻว‛ߩ㔚᳇ᛶ᛫ߩ࿶ജലᨐ
‫ޖ‬ൻว‛ߩ㜞࿶࡮ᒝ⏛႐ߦ߅ߌࠆャㅍ․ᕈ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬

ખ 㑆 㓉 ↵℄⃿ᄢℂቇㇱഥᢎ᝼㊁ ᵤ ผ ⠹℄⃿ᄢℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳᓟ㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

⟤ Ꮕ ᱜ ථ℄⃿ᄢℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ೨㧞

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

㜞ᳯᵮ ⟵ ዏ℄⃿ᄢℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ೨㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

⩲ ේ   ੳㇺ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥ ᚻ૒ ⮮ ⧷ ⴕㇺ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ᢎ ᝼

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ዊ ᨋ ᧂ Ꮧㇺ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ୃ჻㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ࠪࡖࡂ࡮ࠪࡖࡦ࠲࡮
࡜ࡦࠫࡖࡦㇺ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቇᝄᄖ࿖ੱ․೎⎇ⓥຬ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

྾ ᣇ ๟ テർᶏ㆏᧲ᶏᄢᢎ⢒㐿⊒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᢎ ᝼㜞࿶ਅߦ߅ߌࠆLa214ㆊ೾㉄⚛♽⿥વዉ૕ߩ㔚᳇⊛ャㅍ⃻⽎‫ޖ‬ਃ ᶆ ᐽ ᒄ᩿⬺ᮮᵿᄢᎿቇㇱഥᢎ᝼ዉ㔚ᕈ࡜ࡦࠣࡒࡘࠕ࡮ࡉࡠࠫࠚ࠶࠻⤑ߩ㜞࿶ਅߩ㔚᳇⊛ᕈ⾰‫ޖ‬⋓ ↰ િ ৻᩿⬺ᮮᵿᄢᎿቇㇱ
ቇᝄ․೎⎇ⓥຬ㜞 ᯅ ඳ ᮸ᣣᧄᄢቇᢥℂቇㇱഥᢎ᝼⨃ ᧁ ૓ ੺ᣣᧄᄢቇ✚วၮ␆⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻㧝ᄢ ᧁ ᱞ ᄦൻว‛ߩ㜞࿶࡮ᒝ⏛႐ߦ߅ߌࠆャㅍ․ᕈ

లႯࠬࠢ࠶࠹࡞࠳ࠗ࠻ൻว‛ߩ㜞࿶ਅߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚ሶャㅍലᨐ‫ޖ‬La2-xSrxCoO4ߩ㜞࿶ਅ㔚᳇ᛶ᛫᷹ቯ

਄ ᐥ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᱞ⬿Ꮏᬺᄢ
㕖Ᏹൕ⻠Ꮷ

න⚿᥏㧲㨑㧞㧼ߩ࿶ജലᨐߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬⧐ ⾐ ⧐ ▸ේ⎇వ┵ၮ␆⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
⎇ⓥຬ

࠙࡜ࡦൻว‛ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿶ജ⺃⿠⿥વዉߩត⚝‫ޖ‬᧻ ↰ ㆐ ⏴ේ⎇వ┵ၮ␆⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ඳ჻⎇ⓥຬ

ศ ↰ ⦟ ⴕ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᣣᧄቇⴚᝄ⥝ળ⑼ቇᛛⴚ․೎⎇ⓥຬጀ⁁ࡍࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻Ca3Ru2O7න⚿᥏ߩૐ᷷㜞࿶ജਅ㔚᳇ᛶ᛫‫ޖ‬ᚻ Ⴆ ᵏ ਭᒄ೨ᄢℂᎿቇㇱഥᢎ᝼

Niන⚿᥏ߩࠬࡇࡦ஍ᭂㅒశ㔚ሶಽశㄆ┻ ౝ ᕡ ඳฬᄢ㔍ಣℂੱᎿ‛⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⻠ Ꮷ㉄ൻ‛㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߩ㜞ಽ⸃⢻ⷺᐲಽ⸃శ㔚ሶಽశ‫ޖ‬ㄭ ⮮   ⁴ฬᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻㧞ਃ ᧁ ৻ ม‛⾰࡮᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ਥᏨ⎇ⓥຬ

⍫ ઍ   ⥶↥ᬺᛛⴚ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ․೎⎇ⓥຬ

⍫ ญ ⵨ ਯၯ₹ᄢᎿቇㇱഥᢎ᝼㊄ ⼱   ᄢၯ₹ᄢℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ೨㧝ᄢ ᐔ ࿻ ੺᧲ᄢᎿቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻㧟㑆ធㆫ⒖ဳඨዉ૕㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߩశቇ․ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬⍹ ੗   ᤩ㠽ขᄢᎿቇㇱ
ഥᢎ᝼

GaAs(110)⴫㕙ߩ⚿᥏ᚑ㐳ߩേ⊛ࡕࡦ࠹ࠞ࡞ࡠࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪ
ࡦߣ╙৻ේℂ⸘▚‫ޖ‬ዊ ᩊ   ବ㚅ᎹᄢᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼ൻว‛ඨዉ૕࠽ࡁ᭴ㅧߩశቇ․ᕈߩ⹏ଔߣᒻᚑᯏ᭴

‫ޖ‬ᷨ ፒ ຬ ᒄ

ᗲᇫᄢℂቇㇱ
ഥᢎ᝼

SnI4ߩ࿶ജ⺃⿠㕖᥏⾰ൻ߆ࠄౣ⚿᥏ൻ߳ߩ⛔৻⊛ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ⮮ ੗᳗ ↰ ⾆ ᔒ߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢℂቇㇱഥ ᚻ

Sr2RuO4ߩャㅍ․ᕈ

ศ Ỉฎ Ꮉ ߪߠ߈߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢℂቇㇱഥᢎ᝼㐷 ⣁ ᐢ ᣿ㇺ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥᢎ᝼⷏ ጊ ᓆ ੱㇺ┙ᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻㧞‫ޖ‬X✢࿁᛬ࠍ೑↪ߒߚSiන⚿᥏ߩ⚿᥏ᕈߩ⹏ଔ
‫ޖ‬
Υ-Χ-Nᷙ᥏ඨዉ૕ߩ⊒శ․ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬‫ޖ‬ࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࠻ߒߚࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕ⏛ᕈ૕ߩ⎇ⓥ
‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬
㜞 ᯅ
㧔ᢅ㧕
‫ޖ‬
⑺ ጊ
‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬

41

␹ ⮮ ᰵ ৻᧲Ꮏᄢ✚วℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥ ᚻࡕࡦ࠹ࠞ࡞ࡠᴺߦࠃࠆว㊄ߩ⋧ᄌᘒ‫⋧ޔ‬቟ቯᕈߩ⎇ⓥߣᣂ‛⾰
ߩត⚝

㜞 ጊ

ᄢ ㊁   㓉ᓼፉᄢᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕Yba2(Cu1-xNix)3O7ߩ17Oห૏૕⟎឵

਄ ↰
㧔ኡ㧕

Ꮉ ፒ   ␭ᓼፉᄢᎿቇㇱ
ഥ ᚻ㕖᥏⾰Upd2Al3ߩ࿶ജലᨐߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ᢪ ⮮ ஜ ᴦ㜞ࠛࡀ⎇ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ഥᢎ᝼㨄✢࿁᛬ߦࠃࠆ࠾ࠝࡉ᳓⚛ൻ‛ߩ⸃ᨆ‫ޖ‬ේ ↰ ஜᄥ㇢㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇
ഥ ᚻ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‛⾰วᚑ࡮⹏ଔ⸳஻㧼ࠢ࡜ࠬ᳁  ฬᚲ    ዻ⎇   ⓥ   㗴   ⋡㑐ଥᚲຬਛ ጊ ೣ ᤘጊญᄢᎿቇㇱ
ഥᢎ᝼ᒝ⋧㑐♽ㆫ⒖㊄ዻ㉄ൻ‛ߩㅘㆊ㔚ሶ㗼ᓸ㏜ᴺߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥ

਄ ↰
㧔ኡ㧕

᧻ ᐔ ๺ ਯ਻ᎿᄢᎿቇㇱഥ ᚻᐞ૗ቇ⊛ߦࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࠻ߒߚࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕဳᏗ࿯㘃㉄ൻ‛ߩන⚿᥏⢒ᚑᑝ ੗⨲ ㊁ ࿻ ᒄ

ୖᢝ⧓ⴚ⑼ቇᄢ⧓ⴚቇㇱ⻠ Ꮷ᳓ᾲวᚑᴺߦࠃࠆ㊄ዻ㉄ൻ‛ߩวᚑ‫ޖ‬‛⾰วᚑ࡮⹏ଔ⸳஻㧳ࠢ࡜ࠬ᳁  ฬᚲ    ዻ⎇   ⓥ   㗴   ⋡㑐ଥᚲຬ቟ ㆐ ᒄ ㅢ㜞ࠛࡀ⎇‛᭴⎇ഥ ᚻᏗ࿯㘃ൻว‛ߩ૞⵾‛⾰วᚑቶᐞ ፉ ት ᱜᗲᇫᄢ࿾⃿ᷓㇱ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ቇᝄ․೎⎇ⓥຬ㜞᷷㜞࿶ਅߦ߅ߌࠆࡄࠗࡠ࡜ࠗ࠻߅ࠃ߮ࡂ࡞࠷ࡃ࡯ࠟࠗ࠻
ߩ⋧㑐♽ߣࡑࡦ࠻࡞ࡊ࡞࡯ࡓ߳ߩᔕ↪

ൻቇಽᨆቶᮮ ㆏ ᴦ ↵ንጊ⋵┙ᄢᎿቇㇱഥᢎ᝼ᶧ⋧ਛߢวᚑߐࠇߚ࠽ࡁࠞ࡯ࡏࡦߩᒻ⁁ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬ዊ ፉ ᙗ ㆏᧲ᄢ✚วᢥൻ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼ૐ᷷ߦ߅ߌࠆ㋕ᷙวේሶଔ㍲૕(n-C3H7)4N[FeΤFeΥ
(C2O2S2)3]ߩන⚿᥏㨄✢᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆߩ⎇ⓥ㨄✢᷹ቯቶ♻ ੗ ల Ⓞ

᧲ᄢ✚วᢥൻ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻㧞ਛ ጊ ೣ ᤘጊญᄢᎿቇㇱ
ഥᢎ᝼㊁ ἑ ᢕ ჻

ጊญᄢℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ೨㧝㒋 ᧄ ᔒᵤᨑ‫ޖ‬⓸ൻࠢࡠࡓ㧛⓸ൻ㋕ᄙጀ⤑ߩ᭴ㅧ࡮⏛ᕈ࡮વዉ‫ޖ‬㔚ሶ㗼ᓸ㏜ቶ

‫ޖ‬‫ޖ‬ᗲᇫᄢ࿾⃿ᷓㇱ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
⎇ⓥᯏ㑐⎇ⓥຬ⿥㜞࿶ਅߢᒻᚑߐࠇߚ࠳ࠗࡗࡕࡦ࠼߅ࠃ߮ࡔࠫࡖ࡜ࠗ࠻὾
⚿૕ߩᓸ⚦᭴ㅧⷰኤ

‫ޖ‬✜ ᣇ ໪ ౖᴺ᡽ᄢᎿቇㇱ
ኾછ⻠Ꮷᣂⷙ࠽ࡁ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉ⁁‛⾰ߩวᚑߣ᭴ㅧ⹏ଔ

‫ޖ‬ᧁ ᧛   ⮍᧲ᄢᣂ㗔ၞഃᚑ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ ᝼ࡏࡠࡦ♽ᱜ㧞㧜㕙૕ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯࿕૕ߩ㔚ሶ‛ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㔚⏛᳇᷹ቯቶᦥ ᚒ ౏ ᐔ᧲ᄢᣂ㗔ၞഃᚑ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ഥ ᚻ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

⨹ ᣿   ⡡᧲ᄢᣂ㗔ၞഃᚑ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ୃ჻㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᑝ ੗ ᡽ ᒾ㣮ఽፉᄢℂቇㇱഥᢎ᝼ု ౝ ື ੱ㣮ఽፉᄢℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ೨㧝

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ศ ↰ ༑ ቁ޿ࠊ߈᣿ᤊᄢℂᎿቇㇱᢎ ᝼㐽Ზ᭴ㅧ὇⚛ߦౝ൮ߐࠇߚ㊄ዻ὇ൻ‛ߩ⿥વዉ․ᕈߦ㑐ߔ
ࠆ⎇ⓥ

‫ޖ‬

૒‫ ᧁޘ‬ቁ ᒾ

᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲ
ഥᢎ᝼

ǲဳBEDT-TTF♽Ḱ㧞ᰴర᦭ᯏ⿥વዉ૕ߩ⿒ᄖ෻኿ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞᷹
ቯߦࠃࠆࡕ࠶࠻ォ⒖ㄭறߢߩ㔚ሶ⋧ಽ㔌ߩ⎇ⓥశቇ᷹ቯቶદ ⮮   ഞ᧲ർᄢℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ඳ೨㧞

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

42

ࡎࠗࠬ࡜࡯ဳว㊄ߩ⏛ᕈߣવዉߩ⎇ⓥ

㔚⏛᳇᷹ቯቶਛ ᕈ ሶ᳁  ฬᚲ    ዻ⎇   ⓥ   㗴   ⋡㑐ଥᚲຬદ ⮮ ᤯ ৻㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ഥᢎ᝼ጤ ૒ ๺ ᤩ᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢℂഥ ᚻ㊁ ᧛ ൎ ⵨↥ᬺᛛⴚ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲਥછ⎇ⓥຬ

౎ ፉ ᱜ ⍮᧲Ꮏᄢ✚วℂᎿഥᢎ᝼દ ⮮ ᤯ ৻㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ഥᢎ᝼ጤ ૒ ๺ ᤩ᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢℂഥ ᚻ૒ ⮮   ථ‛⾰࡮᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴
ਥછ⎇ⓥຬ

Zn-Mg-TbḰ⚿᥏ߩ⏛႐ਛߢߩ⏛᳇⋧㑐‫ޖ‬ᷓ ⼱ ᢕ ሶ੩ㇺᄢൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
⎇ⓥຬ

㧿=1/2ࠞࠧࡔᩰሶ♽     Cu3Bi(SeO3)2O2X(X=Cl,Br,I)
ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

‫ޖ‬

ጊ ↰ ๺ ⧐੩ㇺᄢൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
ᢎ ᝼

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

㑐 ᩮ ߜ߭ࠈቶ⯗ᎿᬺᄢᎿഥ ᚻలႯࠬࠢ࠶࠹࡞࠳ࠗ࠻ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ‫ޖ‬ၔ ⼱ ৻ ᳃ቶ⯗ᎿᬺᄢᎿ
ᢎ ᝼

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ᐔ ⾐ ᥍ ᒄ

᧲ർᄢ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᚲഥ ᚻ

La2-xSrxCuO4ߩࠝ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࡯ࡊ⋧ߦ߅ߌࠆૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡇ
ࡦំേ

‫ޖ‬

ጊ ↰ ๺ ⧐੩ㇺᄢൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲᢎ ᝼

La2-xSrxCuO4ߩࠝ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࡯ࡊ⋧ߦ߅ߌࠆૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡇ
ࡦំേ

‫ޖ‬

ᄢ ෹ ቄ ຦㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ഥ ᚻ

࠽ࡁᄙሹ⾰૕FSM-16ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚦ሹౝ᳓ಽሶߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ

‫ޖ‬⑔ ᎑ ༑ ┨⼾↰ਛᄩ⎇ⓥᚲਥᏨ⎇ⓥຬ

ᳰ ↰ ৻ ᤘℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ⎇ⓥදജຬ቟ ㆐ ᥓ ብℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
⎇ⓥදജຬ

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‫ޖ‬

ᄢ ┻ ᶻ ᕺℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
వછ⎇ⓥຬ

㊂ሶജቇ⊛ᵄേ㑐ᢙ࿕᦭⁁ᘒ㑆ߩᐓᷤᕈᶖṌ⎇ⓥ㧙ࡔࠞ࠾ࠞࠕ
࡞ࠕࡠࠗࡦࠣࠨࡦࡊ࡞ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧙‫ޖ‬↰ ፒ ⺈ ม੩ㇺᄢේሶἹታ㛎ᚲ 
ഥᢎ᝼

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‫ޖ‬

ᄢ ┻ ᶻ ᕺℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲవછ⎇ⓥຬฎ ဈ ㆏ ᒄ㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ᢎ ᝼㜞 ᯅ ⟤๺ሶ╳ᵄᄢ‛⾰Ꮏቇ♽ഥ ᚻSnߩǪ-ǩ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖ߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޖ‬❥ ጟ   ㅘ

ጊญᄢℂ
ᢎ ᝼

DyCu2Ge2ߩ⇣Ᏹ⏛ᕈ‫ޖ‬ᐔ ↰ ᶈ ㇢

ጊญᄢℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᄢቇ㒮↢❥ ጟ   ㅘ

ጊญᄢℂ
ᢎ ᝼

⊕ ⍹ ዁ ፏ

ጊญᄢℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᄢቇ㒮↢᪀ ේ ᘮᄥ㇢᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢℂഥ ᚻ␹ ᧁ ᱜ ผ᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢℂᢎ ᝼␹ ᧁ ᱜ ผ᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢℂᢎ ᝼ጤ ૒ ๺ ᤩ᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢℂഥ ᚻੑᰴరࠗࠫࡦࠣ㩨⏛ᕈ૕ߩേ⊛⥃⇇ᢔੂ

ਛᕈሶ

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‫ޖ‬

LaScO3♽ࡍࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻ဳࡊࡠ࠻ࡦዉ㔚૕ߩ㜞᷷ਛᕈሶ࿁ᨆ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ਃᰴరࡂࠗ࠯ࡦࡌ࡞ࠢဳࡄ࡯ࠦ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⏛ᕈ૕ߩ⥃⇇ᢔੂ‫ޖ‬‫ޖ‬㜞㧽ᄙጀ⤑ࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡒ࡜࡯ߩਛᕈሶ෻኿․ᕈ⹏ଔ

IRT C1-3 ULSⵝ⟎ᡷ⦟෸߮ᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩታ㛎⎇ⓥ
‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬
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‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬

TbCu2Ge2ߩ⏛᳇ォ⒖‫ޖ‬㊀޿㔚ሶ♽ൻว‛Uru2Si2ߩ⏛᳇ᒻ⁁࿃ሶ‫ޖ‬CeలႯࠬࠢ࠶࠹࡞࠳ࠗ࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ⃻⽎
‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬

43

␹ ᧁ ᱜ ผ᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢℂᢎ ᝼ቝ↰Ꮉ ⌀ ⴕᐢፉᄢ✚ว⑼ቇᢎ ᝼ฎ Ꮉ ߪߠ߈߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢℂഥᢎ᝼᳗ ↰ ⾆ ᔒ߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢℂഥ ᚻ᳗ ↰ ⾆ ᔒ߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢℂഥ ᚻฎ Ꮉ ߪߠ߈߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢℂഥᢎ᝼ฎ Ꮉ ߪߠ߈߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢℂഥᢎ᝼᳗ ↰ ⾆ ᔒ߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢℂഥ ᚻᦺ ᣣ ቁ ዏ

ጊญᄢℂ
ഥᢎ᝼

㊀ ᧻ ብ ᱞ

ፉᩮᄢᢎ⢒
ഥᢎ᝼

੉ ↰ ᕶ ↵

ጊᒻᄢℂ
ᢎ ᝼

⥓ ᧶   Პ

ጊᒻᄢℂ
ഥᢎ᝼

ዊ ᳰ ᵗ ੑ

᧲ർᄢᎿ
ᢎ ᝼

Ꮏ ⮮ ৻ ⾆᧲ർᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᄢቇ㒮↢ዊ ᳰ ᵗ ੑ

᧲ർᄢᎿ
ᢎ ᝼

ጊ ↰ ๺ ⧐੩ㇺᄢൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲᢎ ᝼૒ ⮮ ᙗ ᤘ

ฬฎደᄢℂ
ഥᢎ᝼

⷏ ጟ   ቁ

ฬฎደᄢℂ
ഥ ᚻ

㐷 ⣁ ᐢ ᣿᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢℂഥᢎ᝼↰ ⇌ ศ ⸘

ᄢ㒋ᄢℂ
ഥ ᚻ

㐷 ⣁ ᐢ ᣿᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢℂഥᢎ᝼↰ ⇌ ศ ⸘

ᄢ㒋ᄢℂ
ഥ ᚻ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ዊ ᳰ ᵗ ੑ

᧲ർᄢᎿ
ᢎ ᝼

Ꮒᄢᾲવዉࠍ᦭ߔࠆૐᰴర㊂ሶࠬࡇࡦ♽ߩࡑࠣࡁࡦߩಽᢔ㑐ଥ‫ޖ‬Ꮏ ⮮ ৻ ⾆᧲ർᄢᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
ᄢቇ㒮↢

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

Ⴧ ጊ ඳ ਯ

ጊญᄢℂ
ᢎ ᝼

═ ㊁ ⵨ ᒾ

ጊญᄢℂ
ഥ ᚻ

቟ ⮮ ↱ ๺㠽ขᄢᢎ⢒࿾ၞ⑼ቇᢎ ᝼⬵ ጟ ቁ ೣ

ᐢፉᄢᢎ⢒
ഥᢎ᝼

44

Ꮧ࿯㘃㧢⎲ൻ‛RB6ߦ߅ߌࠆRaman⇣Ᏹߩᬌ⸽‫ޖ‬㊄ዻ㑆ൻว‛⿥વዉ૕ErNi2B2Cߩ⥄⊒⊛᷵♻᭴ㅧߩ᷹ⷰ
‫ޖ‬
Sr2RuO4ߩ⿥વዉࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ᳿ቯ㧦࡟࠱࠽ࡦࠬࡇ࡯ࠢߩ᷹ቯ
‫ޖ‬
㧸㨍1-xYxTiO3ߦ߅ߌࠆ⏛ᕈߣ゠㆏ᢛ೉
‫ޖ‬੝⎣㉄࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓߩᩭᐳᮡ‫ޔ‬㔚⩄ኒᐲ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇ಽᭂߣᩰሶᝄേ
‫ޖ‬㜞ᯏ⢻ࠗࠝࡦ੤឵૕ਛߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓ಽሶ㑆᳓⚛⚿ว᭴ㅧ‫ޖ‬ૐᰴర㌃㉄ൻ‛Cu3B2O6ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

ਛᕈሶ
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕La2-㨤BaxCuO4ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄࡮ࠬࡇࡦࠁࠄ߉ߣ⿥
વዉߩ⋧㑐

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

UGe2ߦ߅ߌࠆᒝ⏛ᕈߣ⿥વዉߩ౒ሽ⁁ᘒߩ⎇ⓥ

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ࠞࠧࡔࠕࠗࠬߦ߅ߌࠆࠬࡇࡦ⋧㑐

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

ࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࠻ߒߚࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕ⏛ᕈ૕ߩ⎇ⓥ

CH3NH3PI3ߩή⒎ᐨ㈩ะߣේሶᄌ૏ߩ⋧㑐‫ޖ‬RP㨐Sn(R=Tb,Ho,Dy,Er)ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ
‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬

‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬
‫ޖ‬

໹଼ ĲĶ ාഽġಎ଻ঊٝ୬௡౾‫ވ‬൳၌ဥन఼‫ه‬ఴ֚။ġᚲ   ዻ⎇ⓥઍ⴫⠪⎇  ⓥ  ⺖  㗴  ฬ

↳⺧ⵝ⟎

᧲੩ᄢቇ

ศ ᴛ ⧷ ᮸㧠㧳㧔᳢↪3ゲဳਛᕈሶಽశེ㧕㧵㧾㨀⺖㗴

GPTAS

᧲੩ᄢቇ

ᑝ ↰ ๺ 㚍

PONTA㧔㜞ᕈ⢻஍ᭂਛᕈሶᢔੂⵝ⟎㧕

PONTA

᧲੩ᄢቇ

ᑝ ↰ ๺ 㚍

TOPAN㧔᧲ർᄢቇਛᕈሶಽశⵝ⟎㧕

TOPAN

᧲੩ᄢቇ

㒙 ᦥ ዏ ᢥ

C1-1(HER)IRT⺖㗴

HER

᧲੩ᄢቇ

ᩊ ጊ ల ᒄੑᰴర૏⟎᷹ቯዊⷺᢔੂⵝ⟎SANS-Uℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲᄢ ┻ ᶻ ᕺ

IRT C1-3 ULS ⵝ⟎ᡷ⦟߅ࠃ߮ᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩታ㛎⎇ⓥ

ULS

᧲੩ᄢቇ

㐳 የ ㆏ ᒄਛᕈሶࠬࡇࡦࠛࠦ࡯ಽశེ

NSE᧲ർᄢቇᄢቇ㒮᫃ ⼱   ೰಄ਛᕈሶಽశེAGNES

AGNES

੩ㇺᄢቇ

↰ ፒ ⺈ มᄙጀ⤑ਛᕈሶᐓᷤ⸘࡮෻኿₸⸘

MINE-1,MINE-2

᧲੩ᄢቇ⷏   ᱜ ๺㜞ಽ⸃⢻ਛᕈሶᢔੂⵝ⟎(HQR)

HQR

᧲ർᄢቇ

ᄢ ጊ ⎇ มන⚿᥏ਛᕈሶ࿁᛬ⵝ⟎(KSD)

KSD

᧲ർᄢቇ

ᄢ ጊ ⎇ ม☳ᧃਛᕈሶ࿁᛬ⵝ⟎(HERMES)HERMES᧲ർᄢቇ㊁ ↰ ᐘ ↵ਛᕈሶ4ゲ࿁᛬ⵝ⟎(FONDER)

FONDERᄢ㒋ᄢቇᴡේፒ ୃ ਃࠕࠢ࠮ࠨ࡝࡯IRTࠕࠢ࠮ࠨ࡝࡯

ฬฎደᄢቇ቞ ෹   ᶈࡑࡦࠟࡦ㉄ൻ‛ߩ㔚⩄ᢛ೉⋧ߦ෸߷ߔBࠨࠗ࠻⟎឵ലᨐHERMESฬฎደᄢቇ቞ ෹   ᶈశ⺃⿠⋧ォ⒖ࠍ⿠ߎߔR㨎MnާFe(CN)6ިߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ᳿ቯHERMES᧲ർᄢቇ␠ ᧄ ⌀ ৻2㊀ࡂ࠾ࠞࡓᩰሶ♽ߩ⏛ᕈHERMES᧲ർᄢቇ␠ ᧄ ⌀ ৻2㊀ࡂ࠾ࠞࡓᩰሶ♽ߩ⏛ᕈ

AGNES

᧲ർᄢቇ

␠ ᧄ ⌀ ৻2㊀ࡂ࠾ࠞࡓᩰሶ♽ߩ⏛ᕈ

KSD

᧲ർᄢቇ

␠ ᧄ ⌀ ৻2㊀ࡂ࠾ࠞࡓᩰሶ♽ߩ⏛ᕈ

PONTA

ᮮᵿ࿖┙ᄢቇਛᵤᎹ   ඳ

Sr1-xAxRuO3ߩᒝ⏛ᕈᛥ೙ߣߘߩ᭴ㅧ‛ᕈHERMESᮮᵿ࿖┙ᄢቇਛᵤᎹ   ඳ

NaxCo2ߦ߅ߌࠆNaጀߩੂࠇߣߘߩ᭴ㅧ‛ᕈHERMESንጊ⋵┙ᄢቇ⑔ ේ   ᔘ

Ce㧔Ni1-㨤Pd㨤㧕2Ge2ߩ⏛᳇⥃⇇ὐㄭறߩ⏛᳇⋧࿑

HQR,HQRᄢ㒋ᄢቇ㜞 ᯅ ᵏ ᵗૐ᷷ߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞ಽሶߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧHERMESጊญᄢቇჇ ጊ ඳ ⴕ੝⎣㉄࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓߩᩭᐳ␿‫ޔ‬㔚⩄ኒᐲ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇ಽᭂߣᩰሶᝄേ

HER

ၯ₹ᄢቇ

ዊ ဈ ᣽ ผ

CeGaߦ߅ߌࠆ࿶ജ⺃⿠⏛᳇⋧ォ⒖

HQR

㜞㨾㩒㩣㩁㩨- ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴દ ⮮ ᤯ ৻ੑᰴరࠗࠫࡦࠣ⏛ᕈ૕ߩേ⊛⥃⇇ᢔੂ

PONTA

㜞㨾㩒㩣㩁㩨- ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴દ ⮮ ᤯ ৻ਃᰴరࡂࠗ࠯ࡦࡌ࡞ࠣဳࡄ࡯ࠦ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⏛ᕈ૕ߩ⥃⇇ᢔੂ

GPTAS

᧲੩ᄢቇ

ᩊ ጊ ల ᒄ

PNIPA᳓ṁᶧ߅ࠃ߮ࡂࠗ࠼ࡠࠥ࡞ߩ࿶ജ⺃⿠⋧ォ⒖

SANS-U45᧲੩ᄢቇᩊ ጊ ల ᒄࠥ࡞ߩ૕Ⓧ⋧ォ⒖ߣࡒࠢࡠ⋧ಽ㔌᜼േ߳ߩࠥ࡞ࠨࠗ࠭ଐሽ∝SANS-U᧲੩ᄢቇᩊ ጊ ల ᒄࠝࠗ࡞ࠥ࡞ൻ೷ߦࠃࠆ᦭ᯏṁᇦߩࠥ࡞ൻߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ

SANS-U᧲੩ᄢቇᩊ ጊ ల ᒄਔⷫᇦᕈࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ౒㊀ว૕ߩࡒࠢࡠ⋧ಽ㔌᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ

SANS-U਻Ꮊᄢቇ㜞 ේ   ᷕਛᕈሶ෻኿₸᷹ቯߦၮߠߊ㜞ಽሶ⿥⭯⤑㧛᳓⇇㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓ߩ
MINE-2᭴ㅧߩ⋥ធ⹏ଔ਻Ꮊᄢቇ㜞 ේ   ᷕਛᕈሶ෻኿₸᷹ቯߦၮߠߊ(࠽ࡁࡈࠖ࡜࡯/㜞ಽሶ)ࡂࠗࡉ࡝࠶࠼
MINE-2⿥⭯⤑ߩ቟ቯᕈ⹏ଔฬฎደᄢቇ૒ ⮮ ᱜ ବࠬࡇࡀ࡞ဳൻว‛ߩnon-trivialߥ⏛᳇᭴ㅧߣ․⇣ߥ⇣Ᏹࡎ࡯࡞
HQR
ലᨐ

ฬฎደᄢቇ

૒ ⮮ ᱜ ବ

SrFe1-xCoxO3-Ǭߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧߣ․⇣ߥ⇣Ᏹࡎ࡯࡞ലᨐ

HQR

ฬฎደᄢቇ

૒ ⮮ ᱜ ବLa2-y-xNdySrxCuO4nߩ⏛᳇ബ⿠ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߣ̌stripe̍

PONTA

ጊᒻᄢቇ

๺ ᴰ ⟵ ାࠦࡦ࠻࡜ࠬ࠻ᄌ⺞ᴺߦࠃࠆࡒ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠗ࡞ൻ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ߣࠞ࡞ࡕSANS-U࠺ࡘ࡝ࡦⶄว૕ߩṁᶧ᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ੩ㇺᄢቇᷰ ㄝ   ብ࠻࡝ࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ౒㊀ว૕ࡒࠢࡠ⋧ಽ㔌♽ߩᵹേਛᕈሶᢔੂߣ࡟ࠝ
SANS-Uࡠࠫ࡯੩ㇺᄢቇᷰ ㄝ   ብਛᕈሶᢔੂࠍ↪޿ߚ࡝ࡆࡦࠣ࡮ࠫࠕ࠾ࠝࡦ㎮ߩળว⁁ᘒߩ⎇ⓥ

SANS-U᧲੩ᄢቇદ ⮮ ⠹ ਃ࠻ࡐࡠࠫࠞ࡞ࠥ࡞ߩ࠱࡞࡯ࠥ࡞ォ⒖ߣਇဋ৻ᕈ⸃ᨆ

SANS-U૒⾐ᄢቇℂᎿቇㇱ㈕   ᣩ శ

Cu1-xLixOnߩ⿥ᩰሶ᭴ㅧߩ⸃ᨆHERMES㔚᳇ㅢାᄢቇᵻ ੗ ศ ⬿LaCoO3ਛߩਛ㑆ࠬࡇࡦ⁁ᘒߣ⚿วߒߚᩰሶᄌᒻࠬࡇࡦォ⒖ߩ
TOPANേ⊛ᕈ⾰ߩࡈࠜࡁࡦᢔੂߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥᗲᇫᄢቇ౷ ศ ᣹ ৻

MnGaว㊄ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧߣ⏛᳇᭴ㅧߩਛᕈሶ⸃ᨆߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥ

HERMESᗲᇫᄢቇ౷ ศ ᣹ ৻

Mn(Cr)B2ߩࠬࡇࡦ᭴ㅧߩਛᕈሶ࿁᛬ߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥ

KSDฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇ㒮᧻ ਅ ⵨ ⑲ᾲน႟ᕈࠝ࡟ࡈࠖࡦ♽ࡐ࡝ࡑ࡯ࡉ࡟ࡦ࠼ߩ⋧ṁᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ

SANS-U᧲੩ᄢቇ᭏ ේ ବ ㇢

PrPb3ߩ෻ᒝ྾㊀ᭂ⒎ᐨ

GPTAS↥ᬺᛛⴚ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ 㑐⷏㩈㩧㩊㨺㊁ ᧛ ൎ ⵨

LaGaO3♽ߵࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻ဳࡊࡠ࠻ࡦዉ㔚૕ߩ㜞᷷ਛᕈሶ࿁᛬HERMES⦼ᶆᎿᬺᄢቇ⊕ ⍹   ᶈਃర♽Ni2Inဳ㊄ዻ㑆ൻว‛ߩ⏛ᕈHERMESᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ⫱ ᴛ ๺ ਽․⇣ߥේሶଔ⁁ᘒߦ߅ߌࠆࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ♽ߩ⎇ⓥ3

HERMESᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ⫱ ᴛ ๺ ਽․⇣ߥේሶଔ⁁ᘒߦ߅ߌࠆࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ♽ߩ⎇ⓥ2

HQR

ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ

⫱ ᴛ ๺ ਽․⇣ߥේሶଔ⁁ᘒߦ߅ߌࠆࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ♽ߩ⎇ⓥ1

HQR

⟲㚍ᄢቇ

㜞 ᯅ   ᶈ↢૕↱᧪⢽⾰ࡎࠬࡈࠔ࠴ࠫ࡞ࠣ࡞࠮ࡠ࡯࡞߇ᒻᚑߔࠆࠬࡐࡦࠫ
SANS-U᭴ㅧ᧲੩ㄘᎿᄢቇᎿቇㇱၳ ᳯ  ৻ਯᧃ┵᨞ᯅဳࡐ࡝ࠗࡒ࠼ࠥ࡞ߩᓸ⚦✂⋡᭴ㅧߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ᧲੩ᄢቇ਄ ↰   ኡ㊄ዻ⒎ᐨဳ‫ޔ‬ή⒎ᐨဳLnBaMn2O6㧔Ln=Y,La,Pr,Nd,Tb,Ho㧕ߩ⚿᥏᭴
HERMESㅧ෸߮⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇ౎ ፉ ᱜ ⍮㉄ൻࡆࠬࡑࠬߩ⋧ォ⒖ߣ࠺ࠖࠬࠝ࡯࠳࡯HERMES᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇ౎ ፉ ᱜ ⍮ߵࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻ဳࠫ࡞ࠦࡦ㉄Ⴎߩ᭴ㅧᄌൻHERMESฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇ㒮૒ ⮮ ᙗ ᤘ

UGe2ߦ߅ߌࠆᒝ⏛ᕈߣ⿥વዉߩ౒ሽ⁁ᘒߩ⎇ⓥ

PONTA

ฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇ㒮૒ ⮮ ᙗ ᤘ

UGe2ߦ߅ߌࠆᒝ⏛ᕈߣ⿥વዉߩ౒ሽ⁁ᘒߩ⎇ⓥ

HER

⑔ጟᄢቇ

ศ ↰ ੧ ᰴ

tert-ࡉ࠴࡞ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞㧙᳓ᷙว♽ߩࠁࠄ߉᭴ㅧ

NSE

⑔ጟᄢቇ

ศ ↰ ੧ ᰴ

tert-ࡉ࠴࡞ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞㧙᳓ᷙว♽ߩࠁࠄ߉᭴ㅧ

SANS-U૒⾐ᄢቇ㜞 ᫾ ೑ ᐘኻࠗࠝࡦ⚿วᴺߦࠃࠆᣂߒ޿㜞ಽሶࡒ࠮࡞ߩഃ⵾ߣ᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ

SANS-U૒⾐ᄢቇ㜞 ᫾ ೑ ᐘ

SANSᴺࠍ↪޿ߚࠗࠝࡦ੤឵᮸⢽ࡒࠢࡠࡐࠕࠨࠗ࠭ߩ᳿ቯ

SANS-U૒⾐ᄢቇ㜞 ᫾ ೑ ᐘ㈶㉄߅ࠃ߮࠻࡝ࡈ࡞ࠝࡠ㈶㉄ߣ᳓ߣߩᷙวṁᶧਛߩࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯
SANS-Uᒻᚑ

46

SANS-U૒⾐ᄢቇ㜞 ᫾ ೑ ᐘ

CD3CN-H2OᷙวṁᶧߩႮൻࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝⺃⿠ߦࠃࠆ⋧ಽ㔌⃻⽎

SANS-Uᐢፉᄢቇᄢቇ㒮᪢ የ ๺ ೣ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕Ce7Ni3ߩ⏛႐⺃⿠⏛᳇⒎ᐨ⋧ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

GPTAS

ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ

ᣣ ᄐ ᐘ 㓶

6H ́ ࡍ ࡠ ࡉ ࠬ ࠞ ࠗ ࠻ ᭴ ㅧ ࠍ ᜬ ߟ Ba3LnM2O9(Ln=La 㨪
HERMES
Lu,Y;M=Ru)ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ਻Ꮊᄢቇ↰ ਛ ᢘ ੑਛᕈሶ෻኿₸᷹ቯߦၮߠߊ㜞ಽሶ⤑⴫㕙ߢߩု⋥ᣇะߩಽሶ㎮
MINE-2᜛ᢔ᜼േߩ⹏ଔ

㕍ጊቇ㒮ᄢቇ

⑺ శ   ⚐ㆉᱧ㔚ሶ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕CrB2ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧߣ⏛᳇ࠁࠄ߉TOPAN㕍ጊቇ㒮ᄢቇ

⑺ శ   ⚐⿥વዉ૕NbB2+xߦ߅ߌࠆࡈࠜࡁࡦಽᢔߩ⎇ⓥ

PONTA

㕍ጊቇ㒮ᄢቇ

⑺ శ   ⚐Fe3O4ߩ゠㆏⒎ᐨߩ᷹ⷰ

TOPAN㕍ጊቇ㒮ᄢቇ

⑺ శ   ⚐Fe3O4ߩ゠㆏⒎ᐨߩ᷹ⷰ

FONDER㕍ጊቇ㒮ᄢቇ

⑺ శ   ⚐R(=La,Y)VO3ߢߩ゠㆏⒎ᐨߩ᷹ⷰ

TOPAN㕍ጊቇ㒮ᄢቇ

⑺ శ   ⚐CeB2C2ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬࡇࡦኒᐲಽᏓߩ᷹ⷰ

PONTA

㕍ጊቇ㒮ᄢቇ

⑺ శ   ⚐CeB2C2ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬࡇࡦኒᐲಽᏓߩ᷹ⷰFONDER㕍ጊቇ㒮ᄢቇ

⑺ శ   ⚐YbB6(CaB6)ߩ⏛᳇⒎ᐨ⁁ᘒߩ᷹ⷰ

PONTA

㕍ጊቇ㒮ᄢቇ

⑺ శ   ⚐YbB6(CaB6)ߩ⏛᳇⒎ᐨ⁁ᘒߩ᷹ⷰ

FONDER੩ㇺᄢቇ㐳⼱Ꮉ ඳ ৻

ABC࠻࡝ࡉࡠ࠶ࠢࠦࡐ࡝ࡑ࡯ߩ࠽ࡁ᜔᧤ⓨ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄Ꮖ⚵
SANS-U❱ൻㆊ⒟ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ᧲ർᄢቇዊ ᳰ ᵗ ੑᏂᄢᾲવዉࠍ᦭ߔࠆૐᰴర㊂ሶࠬࡇࡦ♽ߩࡑࠣࡁࡦߩಽᢔ㑐ଥ

GPTAS

᧲ർᄢቇ

ዊ ᳰ ᵗ ੑૐᰴర㌃㉄ൻ‛Cu3B2O6ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

GPTAS

᧲ർᄢቇ

ዊ ᳰ ᵗ ੑ㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕La2-xBaxCuO4ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄࡮ࠬࡇࡦࠁࠄ߉ߣ⿥
TOPAN
વዉߩ⋧㑐

᧲ർᄢቇ

ዊ ᳰ ᵗ ੑ㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕La2-xBaxCuO4ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄࡮ࠬࡇࡦࠁࠄ߉ߣ⿥
HER
વዉߩ⋧㑐

᧲ർᄢቇ

ዊ ᳰ ᵗ ੑ㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕La2-xBaxCuO4ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄࡮ࠬࡇࡦࠁࠄ߉ߣ⿥
KSD
વዉߩ⋧㑐

㦖⼱ᄢቇ

੗ ਄ ๺ ሶ

ੑ㊀ࡍࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻ဳൻว‛(Sr1́xLa-2x/3)2FeMoO6ߩ⚿᥏HERMES᭴ㅧߣ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ੩ㇺᄢቇ᧻ ጟ ⑲ ᮸ࡒ࠮࡞ߩࠦࠕ᨞ᯅߢวᚑߒߚ㜞ಽሶ⿥ᓸ☸ሶߩ᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ

SANS-U੩ㇺᄢቇ᧻ ጟ ⑲ ᮸࡝ࡆࡦࠣ㊀วᯏ᭴ߩਛᕈሶᢔੂߦࠃࠆ⸃᣿

SANS-U੩ㇺᄢቇ᧻ ጟ ⑲ ᮸ᒝ㉄ၮࠍ᦭ߔࠆਔⷫᇦᕈࠫࡉࡠ࠶ࠢࡐ࡝ࡑ࡯ߩ․⇣ߥ㓸ว૕ᚑ
SANS-U᜼േጊᒻᄢቇ੉ ↰ ᕶ ↵㜞ᯏ⢻ࠗࠝࡦ੤឵૕ਛߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓ಽሶ㑆᳓⚛⚿ว᭴ㅧ

GPTAS

੩ㇺᄢቇ

↰ ፒ ⺈ ม

Drabkinဳਛᕈሶࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࡮ࡈࠖ࡞࠲࡯ߩ㐿⊒

MINE-1਻Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᣣ 㜞 ᣽ ೣ

ࠬࡇࡀ࡞ZnCr2Se4ߩ⏛᳇⺃ዉဳ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖

HQR਻Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᣣ 㜞 ᣽ ೣ

ࠬࡇࡀ࡞ZnCr2Se4ߩ⏛᳇⺃ዉဳ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖

KSD਻Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᣣ 㜞 ᣽ ೣ

Tb1-xGdxVO4ߩදห⊛ࡗ࡯ࡦ࡮࠹࡜࡯ߩ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖

FONDER਻Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᣣ 㜞 ᣽ ೣ

Tb1-xGdxVO4ߩදห⊛ࡗ࡯ࡦ࡮࠹࡜࡯ߩ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖

KSD਻Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᣣ 㜞 ᣽ ೣࡍࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻PrAlO3ߩㅙᰴ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖

KSD਻Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᣣ 㜞 ᣽ ೣ㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕La2-xSrxCuO4㧧㨤㧩0.10ߩ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖

KSD

᧲ർᄢቇ

᧻ ᧛   ᱞ

TmTeߩ࿶ജਅ㊄ዻ⋧ߦ߅ߌࠆ㕖ᒢᕈ⏛᳇ᢔੂ

PONTA

᧲ർᄢቇ

᧻ ᧛   ᱞ

TmSe߅ࠃ߮TmSߦ߅ߌࠆଔᢙំേߦ઻߁⏛᳇ബ⿠

TOPAN

᧲ർᄢቇ

᧻ ᧛   ᱞ

TmSe߅ࠃ߮TmSߦ߅ߌࠆଔᢙំേߦ઻߁⏛᳇ബ⿠

HERᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇ⊛ ႐ ᱜ ᙗࠞ࠼ࡒ࠙ࡓ฽᦭ⶄวࡍࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻ဳㆫ⒖㊄ዻ㉄ൻ‛ߩᒝ⋧㑐
HERMES㔚ሶ‛ᕈߣ⏛ᕈ47

ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇን ቟ ໪ テࠢࡠࡑࠗ࠻MC㨞㧞O4ߩ⏛᳇ំࠄ߉ --NiCr2O4㧔M=Ni)--

HER

ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ

ን ቟ ໪ テࠢࡠࡑࠗ࠻MC㨞㧞O4ߩ⏛᳇ំࠄ߉ --FeCr2O4㧔M=Fe)--

HER

ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ

ን ቟ ໪ テࠢࡠࡑࠗ࠻MC㨞㧞O4ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ --NiCr2O4㧔M=Ni)--

HQR

ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ

ን ቟ ໪ テࠢࡠࡑࠗ࠻MC㨞㧞O4ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ --FeCr2O4㧔M=Fe)--

HQR

ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ

ⷺ ↰ 㗬 ᒾ

PdAgMnว㊄ߩࠬࡇࡦኒᐲᵄ

HQR

ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ

ⷺ ↰ 㗬 ᒾᒝ ⏛ ᕈ ߣ ෻ ᒝ ⏛ ᕈ ࠬ ࡇ ࡦ ⋧ 㑐 ߇ ┹ ว ߔ ࠆ ♽ ߩ ⏛ ᕈ
HQR
Pt100-XFeX(X=30㨪35㧕ว㊄ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇⷺ ↰ 㗬 ᒾ

PtFeⷙೣว㊄ߩ⏛᳇ബ⿠

PONTA

ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ

ⷺ ↰ 㗬 ᒾ

Mn3Ptว㊄ߩࠬࡇࡦࠁࠄ߉

HQR

ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ

ⷺ ↰ 㗬 ᒾᒝ⏛ᕈߣ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈࠬࡇࡦ⋧㑐߇┹วߔࠆ♽㨪Mn1㧗xPt1́xߩ
HQRࠬࡇࡦߩࠁࠄ߉㨪ᣂẟᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᚭ ↰ ஜ มᰳ㒱ࠛࡦࠫ࠾ࠕ࡝ࡦࠣࠍ೑↪ߒߚⰯశ૕᧚ᢱߩ᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ

KPD

ᣂẟᄢቇ

૒ ⮮ ፄ ᄦ

ᣂⷙวᚑᴺߦࠃࠆ࡝࠴࠙ࡓࠗࠝࡦੑᰴ㔚ᳰ↪ᱜᭂ᧚ᢱߩ㐿⊒

KPD

ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮㊄ ሶ ᢥ ବ࠻࡝ࠕࠪ࡞ࠣ࡝࠮ࡠ࡯࡞ߩḰ቟ቯ⋧ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ

HERMESᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮㊄ ሶ ᢥ ବࠛ࡞ࠞ㉄߽ಝ㓸᭴ㅧߩಽሶㆇേᕈߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀

AGNES

ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮Ꮉ ญ ㄖ ਽ṁᇦಽሶࠍ฽߻ࠪࡦࠫࠝ࠲ࠢ࠴࠶ࠢࡐ࡝ࠬ࠴࡟ࡦǻဳ⚿᥏ߩ♖HERMESኒ᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮Ꮉ ญ ㄖ ਽⢽⢌ᣖࠫࠞ࡞ࡏࡦ㉄ࠫࠛࠬ࠹࡞ߩㆇേᕈ

AGNES

⦼ᶆᎿᬺᄢቇၳ   ን ᩕ

RMn6Sn6ว㊄ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧHERMES⦼ᶆᎿᬺᄢቇၳ   ን ᩕ

RMn6Sn6ว㊄ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

KSD

ጊญᄢቇ

Ⴧ ጊ ඳ ⴕ

CH3NH3PbI3ߩή⒎ᐨ㈩ะߣේሶᄌ૏ߩ⋧㑐

FONDERฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇ㒮᧻ ਅ ⵨ ⑲ࠞ࠹࠽ဳⶄว㜞ಽሶߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛㑆ߦߪߚࠄߊ⋧੕૞↪

SANS-Uฬฎደᄢቇ㜞 ㊁ ᢕ ᔒⅣ⁁ࡐ࡝ࠬ࠴࡟ࡦࠬ࡞ࡎࡦ㉄࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓߩࠦࡦࡈࠜ࡯ࡔ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ

SANS-Uฬฎደᄢቇ㜞 ㊁ ᢕ ᔒ᭽‫⚵ߥޘ‬ᚑಽᏓࠍ᦭ߔࠆࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ౒㊀ว૕ߩࡒࠢࡠ⋧ಽ㔌᭴ㅧ
SANS-Uਛߦ߅ߌࠆಽሶ㎮ᒻᘒᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥᚲ᧲ᶏ⎇ዊ ᴰ   ᥓ஍ᭂਛᕈሶ⸃ᨆࠍ↪޿ߚਛᕈሶዊⷺᢔੂߦࠃࠆ⹦⚦᭴ㅧ᳿ቯ੩ㇺᄢቇ⥱ ᯅ ᤐ ᒾࠬࡍ࡯ࠬ㐳ߩᄢ߈ߥBeam Splitting Etalonࠍ↪޿ߚJaminဳ
MINE-2಄ਛᕈሶᐓᷤ⸘ߩ㐿⊒ߣၮ␆‛ℂ߳ߩᔕ↪

੩ㇺᄢቇ⥱ ᯅ ᤐ ᒾ

Beam Splitting Etalon㧔㧗,㧗,-,-㧕㧠࿁෻኿ߦࠃࠆ㜞ಽ⸃⢻Ḱ
MINE-1ᒢᕈᢔੂಽశⵝ⟎ߩ㐿⊒੩ㇺᄢቇේሶἹታ㛎ᚲᎹ ญ ᤘ ᄦࡐ࡝ࠕࡒ࠼ࠦࡦࡊ࡟࠶ࠢࠬߩ⤘Ảᵴᕈൻ

SANS-U᧲੩ᄢቇ⷏   ᱜ ๺Ǫ́Na0.33V2O5⏛᳇᭴ㅧߩ⏛႐ᔕ╵

PONTA

⑔ጟᄢቇ

ጊ ญ ᢅ ↵⿥⥃⇇᳓́ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞♽ߩਛᕈሶዊⷺᢔੂ

SANS-U᧲੩ᄢቇᩊ ጊ ల ᒄ㕖᳓ṁᶧਛߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞ಽሶ㔚⸃⾰ࠥ࡞ߩ㕒㔚ലᨐߩ⸃᣿

SANS-U

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇḩ ↰ ▵ ↢ਃⷺᩰሶ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕CuFeO2ߩᡆIsingᕈߣ⏛᳇ബ⿠

HER

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇḩ ↰ ▵ ↢ਃⷺᩰሶ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕CuFeO2ߩᡆIsingᕈߣ⏛᳇ബ⿠

GPTAS

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇḩ ↰ ▵ ↢ਃⷺᩰሶ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕CuFeO2ߩᡆIsingᕈߣ⏛᳇ബ⿠

FONDER᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇḩ ↰ ▵ ↢ਃⷺᩰሶ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕CuFeO2ߩᡆIsingᕈߣ⏛᳇ബ⿠

HQR

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇḩ ↰ ▵ ↢ᐞ૗ቇ⊛ࠬࡇࡦࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ♽ߦ․᦭ߥ⏛඙ᚑ㐳ㆊ⒟HQR

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇḩ ↰ ▵ ↢ᐞ૗ቇ⊛ࠬࡇࡦࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ♽ߦ․᦭ߥ⏛඙ᚑ㐳ㆊ⒟GPTAS

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇḩ ↰ ▵ ↢ᐞ૗ቇ⊛ࠬࡇࡦࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ♽ߦ․᦭ߥ⏛඙ᚑ㐳ㆊ⒟

HER

48

NSE

᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮㐷 ⣁ ᐢ ᣿ᐞ૗ቇ⊛ࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ␜ߔ⏛ᕈ૕ߩࠬࡇࡦᶧ૕⁁ᘒ

HER᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮㐷 ⣁ ᐢ ᣿ࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࠻ߒߚࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕ⏛ᕈ૕ߩ⎇ⓥ

HQR᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮㐷 ⣁ ᐢ ᣿ࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࠻ߒߚࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕ⏛ᕈ૕ߩ⎇ⓥ

HER᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮㐷 ⣁ ᐢ ᣿ࠞࠧࡔࠕࠗࠬߦ߅ߌࠆࠬࡇࡦ⋧㑐

GPTAS

਻Ꮊᄢቇ

㜞 ᯅ ⦟ ᓆࡐ࡝ࠛ࠴࡟ࡦ/ࡐ࡝ࡊࡠࡇ࡟ࡦᷙว♽ߩቯᏱߕࠅᵹേਅࠃࠆ᭴
SANS-Uㅧᄌൻ᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮㐷 ⣁ ᐢ ᣿ࠕࠗࠬ࠽ࡁ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߩ᳓ಽሶߩ᭴ㅧߣㆇേ⁁ᘒߩ⎇ⓥ

HER᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮㐷 ⣁ ᐢ ᣿ࠕࠗࠬ࠽ࡁ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߩ᳓ಽሶߩ᭴ㅧߣㆇേ⁁ᘒߩ⎇ⓥ

GPTAS

᧲੩ᄢቇ

㒙 ᦥ ዏ ᢥ࿶ജ⺃⿠ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕Sr3Ru2O7ߩ৻ゲ࿶ਅߢߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆFONDER᧲੩ᄢቇ㒙 ᦥ ዏ ᢥ࿶ജ⺃⿠ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕Sr3Ru2O7ߩ৻ゲ࿶ਅߢߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ

HQR

᧲੩ᄢቇ

㒙 ᦥ ዏ ᢥ

Sr3Ir2O7ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆHERMES᧲੩ᄢቇ㒙 ᦥ ዏ ᢥ

Sr3Ir2O7ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ

PONTA

᧲੩ᄢቇ

㒙 ᦥ ዏ ᢥ

Sr3Ir2O7ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆFONDER᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇ

੗ᚻᧄ   ᐽ࡝࠴࠙ࡓੑᰴ㔚ᳰ↪ᱜᭂᵴ‛⾰LiMn2-xMxO4-dߩᾲജቇ቟ቯHERMESᕈ߅ࠃ߮⚿᥏᭴ㅧߣ㔚ᳰ․ᕈߩLi㊂ଐሽ᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ጤ ૒ ๺ ᤩ

Ceࡕࡁࡊ࠾ࠢ࠲ࠗ࠼ߩp-fᷙᚑ゠㆏ߦࠃࠆബ⿠᭴ㅧ

TOPAN᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ጤ ૒ ๺ ᤩ

Yb4As3ߩ㔚⩄⒎ᐨ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠰ࡈ࠻ࡈࠜࡁࡦ

TOPAN᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ጤ ૒ ๺ ᤩ

Yb4As3ߩ㔚⩄⒎ᐨ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠰ࡈ࠻ࡈࠜࡁࡦ

HER

ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ

਄ᳯᵮ ↱ ᤩ⥃⇇⚵ᚑࠍ߽ߟ㊂ሶᒝ⺃㔚૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ㨀㧻ࡈࠜࡁࡦߣ㨀㧭ࡈࠜ
HQR
ࡁࡦߩ᜼േ

ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ

਄ᳯᵮ ↱ ᤩ⥃⇇⚵ᚑࠍ߽ߟ㊂ሶᒝ⺃㔚૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ㨀㧻ࡈࠜࡁࡦߣ㨀㧭ࡈࠜ
GPTAS
ࡁࡦߩ᜼േ

᧲ർᄢቇ

ዊ ㊁ ᵏ ᒄర⚛⟎឵ߒߚǫ-NaxCoO2ߩᾲ㔚․ᕈߣ⚿᥏᭴ㅧHERMES᧲ർᄢቇᄢቇ㒮᫃ ⼱   ೰ᾲ㔚᧚ᢱਛߩૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ബ⿠

AGNES

ർ㉿ᄢቇ

⩲ ේ ᵗ ሶ࠿ࠢ࡟ࠝ࠴࠼᳓๺‛⚿᥏ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓⚛⚿ว✂ߩേ⊛᜼േߩ⸃ᨆFONDER╳ᵄᄢቇ㜞 ᯅ ⟤๺ሶSnߩǪ-ǩ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖ߩ⎇ⓥ

FONDER⑺↰ᄢቇ⇐ ㊁   ᴰ

KTa1-xNbxO3ߩࡈࠜࡁࡦ

HQR

⑺↰ᄢቇ

⇐ ㊁   ᴰ

LiTaO3ߩ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖

HQR

᧲ർᄢቇ

㊁ ↰ ᐘ ↵ቅ┙᳓⚛⚿วဳ‛⾰BrHPLN (C13O2H7Br)ߩ᳓⚛⚿วߩ㨄✢
FONDERߣਛᕈሶߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥ᧲ർᄢቇ㊁ ↰ ᐘ ↵ห૏ర⚛⟎឵ߒߚSrTiO3ߩ࠰ࡈ࠻ࡈࠜࡁࡦߣ✭๺ࡕ࡯࠼

HER

᧲ർᄢቇ

㊁ ↰ ᐘ ↵YTiO3ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆߦࠃࠆ゠㆏ߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣFONDER᧲੩ᄢቇ⷏   ᱜ ๺

(La1-xNdx)4Ba2Cu2O10ߩ࿶ജ⺃⿠ᒝ⏛ᕈ࡮෻ᒝ⏛ᕈォ⒖

HER

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇ᩶ ᴛ ା ᐘ㉄ൻ‛⏛ᕈ૕ (Ba1-xSrx)2Zn2Fe12O22 ߅ࠃ߮Ba (Fe1-xScx) 12O19 ߩ⿥੤឵⋧੕૞↪

KSD

㠽ขᄢቇ

቟ ⮮ ↱ ๺

RPdSn (R=Tb,Ho,Dy,Er) ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

HQR

᧲ർᄢቇ

ᄢ ጊ ⎇ ม

྾ᭂሶ⒎ᐨ‛⾰RB2C2ߢߩ⇣Ᏹ⏛᳇ᢔẂᢔੂߩਃᰴరಽᏓ᷹ቯFONDER᧲ർᄢቇᄢ ጊ ⎇ ม

྾ᭂሶ⒎ᐨ‛⾰RB2C2ߢߩ⇣Ᏹ⏛᳇ᢔẂᢔੂߩਃᰴరಽᏓ᷹ቯ

KSD

᧲ർᄢቇ

ᄢ ጊ ⎇ ม

྾ᭂሶ⒎ᐨ‛⾰RB2C2ߢߩࠬࡇࡦᩰሶ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ

TOPANዊጊ↰   ᣿⏛႐ਛਛᕈሶ࿁᛬ߦࠃࠆዋᢙࠠࡖ࡝ࠕ࡯♽YbSbߢߩ㧠㊀ᭂ⒎
HERMESᐨߩ᷹ⷰዊጊ↰   ᣿⏛႐ਛਛᕈሶ࿁᛬ߦࠃࠆዋᢙࠠࡖ࡝ࠕ࡯♽YbSbߢߩ㧠㊀ᭂ⒎
KSD
ᐨߩ᷹ⷰ

49

᧲੩ᄢቇ

㒶 ጊ   ᵗ⋥੤࠳ࠗࡑ࡯㌃㉄ൻ‛ߩ࿶ജ⺃⿠㊂ሶ⋧ォ⒖ߩ᷹ⷰ

PONTA

ජ⪲ᄢቇ

ട ⮮ ᔀ ਽⺃㔚࡮⏛ᕈⶄว♽RbCoBr3ߩਛᕈሶᢔੂ

HQR

੩ㇺᄢቇ

Ꮉ ㊁ ⋿ ᴦᏗ࿯㘃ൻว‛DyNiSnߦ߅ߌࠆ⏛႐⺃⿠⏛᳇ォ⒖

HQR

╳ᵄᄢቇ

༑ ᄙ ⧷ ᴦ

ZnCr2O4ߩਛᕈሶᢔੂ

PONTA

╳ᵄᄢቇ

༑ ᄙ ⧷ ᴦ

ZnCr2O4ߩਛᕈሶᢔੂ

HQRർ㒽వ┵⑼ቇᛛⴚᄢቇ㒮ᄢቇᩙ ᩘ ’ ↢ZiNiAlဳߣTiNiSiဳ⚿᥏᭴ㅧࠍߣࠆTbPtSnൻว‛ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

HQRዊ ᨋ   ᖗᒝ⺃㔚૕ RMn2O5 (R=Ꮧ࿯㘃)ߦ߅ߌࠆ㐳๟ᦼ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

FONDER‛⾰᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴૒ ⮮   ථ

Zn-Mg-Tb Ḱ⚿᥏ߩ⏛႐ਛߢߩ⏛᳇⋧㑐GPTAS‛⾰᧚ᢱ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴૒ ⮮   ථ

Zn-Mg-Tb Ḱ⚿᥏ߩ⏛႐ਛߢߩ⏛᳇⋧㑐

HER

ጊญᄢቇ

❥ ጟ   ㅘ

DyCu2Ge2 ߩ⇣Ᏹ⏛ᕈ

HQR

ጊญᄢቇ

❥ ጟ   ㅘ

TbCu2Ge2 ߩ⏛᳇ォ⒖

HQR

╳ᵄᄢቇ

㜞 ᯅ ⟤๺ሶPt1-cMnc (C <0.16 )ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧࠁࠄ߉

TOPAN

ᐢፉᄢቇ

⬵ ጟ ቁ ೣ㊄ዻ㑆ൻว‛R7Rh3 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er)ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

HQR

᧲ർᄢቇ

᧲ ᣇ   ✍Ho1-xYxB2C2ߩ㐳๟ᦼ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

KSD

᧲ർᄢቇ

᧲ ᣇ   ✍Ho1-xYxB2C2ߩ㐳๟ᦼ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

TOPAN߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇᄖ ⥪ ⦟ ⴡ

NiOߩᏱ⏛ᕈᢔੂ

PONTA

߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇᄖ ⥪ ⦟ ⴡⷙೣဳⶄวࡍࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻㉄ൻ‛෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕ߩࠬࡇࡦኒᐲಽᏓFONDERᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥᚲਛ ፉ ஜ ᰴ

La1-xSr1+xMnO4ߩ⏛᳇ബ⿠

TOPANᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥᚲਛ ፉ ஜ ᰴ

La1-xSr1+xMnO4ߩ⏛᳇ബ⿠

PONTA

⑔ጟᢎ⢒ᄢቇᯅ ᧄ ଆ ਃᄌ⺞ߒߚDy2Ni3Si5ൻว‛න⚿᥏ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧ

HQRℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲᷓ ⼱ ᢕ ሶ

S=1/2 ࠞࠧࡔᩰሶ♽ Cu3Bi(SeO3)2O2X (X=Cl, Br, I) ߩ⏛᳇
HQR
᭴ㅧ

੩ㇺᄢቇ

ჼ ↢   ᡹⇇㕙ലᨐࠍ೑↪ߒߚCr⭯⤑ߩࠬࡇࡦ᭴ㅧ೙ᓮ

TOPAN

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇర ደ ᷡ৻㇢Rb(Co1-xMgx)F3 ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆේሶ⒎ᐨߩ೙ᓮߣ⏛᳇⋧㑐

HQR

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇర ደ ᷡ৻㇢Rb(Co1-xMgx)F3 ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆේሶ⒎ᐨߩ೙ᓮߣ⏛᳇⋧㑐HERMES᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇర ደ ᷡ৻㇢㜞Ớᐲࠬࡇࡦࠣ࡜ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ⇣ߥࠆ⏛᳇⋧㑐ߩ౒ሽߣ⏛᳇ബ⿠

GPTAS

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇర ደ ᷡ৻㇢㜞Ớᐲࠬࡇࡦࠣ࡜ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ⇣ߥࠆ⏛᳇⋧㑐ߩ౒ሽߣ⏛᳇ബ⿠

HQR

᧲੩ℂ⑼ᄢቇర ደ ᷡ৻㇢㜞Ớᐲࠬࡇࡦࠣ࡜ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ⇣ߥࠆ⏛᳇⋧㑐ߩ౒ሽߣ⏛᳇ബ⿠

HER↥ᬺᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲ᧘   ື ⯥లႯࠬࠢ࠶࠹࡞࠳ࠗ࠻ߩ⏛᳇᭴ㅧHERMESർᶏ㆏ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ಽ ፉ   ੫

ㆫ⒖㊄ዻࠞ࡞ࠦࠥ࠽ࠗ࠼BaLa2MX5(M = Mn, Fe, Co ; X = Se,
HERMESTe)ߩ⏛ᕈ੩ㇺᄢቇጊ ↰ ๺ ⧐㔚ሶ࠼࡯ࡊဳ㌃㉄ൻ‛㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆਇ⚐‛⟎឵ലᨐ

TOPAN

੩ㇺᄢቇ

ጊ ↰ ๺ ⧐㔚ሶ࠼࡯ࡊဳ㌃㉄ൻ‛㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆਇ⚐‛⟎឵ലᨐ

HER

੩ㇺᄢቇ

ጊ ↰ ๺ ⧐㔚ሶ࠼࡯ࡊဳ㌃㉄ൻ‛㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆਇ⚐‛⟎឵ലᨐ

KSD

ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ

ᴡේፒ ୃ ਃ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽ߩ㊂ሶ⥃⇇㗔ၞߩ⏛᳇⒎ᐨߩ⎇ⓥ

GPTAS

ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ

ᴡේፒ ୃ ਃ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽ߩ㊂ሶ⥃⇇㗔ၞߩ⏛᳇⒎ᐨߩ⎇ⓥ

HQR

ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ

✂ Ⴆ   ᶈ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽URu2Si2ߩ㓝ࠇߚ⒎ᐨߣ࿶ജ⺃⿠෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ

GPTAS

50

ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ✂ Ⴆ   ᶈ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽URu2Si2ߩ㓝ࠇߚ⒎ᐨߣ࿶ജ⺃⿠෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ

PONTA

᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ጤ ૒ ๺ ᤩ

྾㊀ᭂ⒎ᐨࠍ␜ߔ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽PrFe4P12ߦ߅ߌࠆ4f㔚ሶ⁁ᘒHER᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ጤ ૒ ๺ ᤩ

྾㊀ᭂ⒎ᐨࠍ␜ߔ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽PrFe4P12ߦ߅ߌࠆ4f㔚ሶ⁁ᘒPONTA

᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ጤ ૒ ๺ ᤩ

྾㊀ᭂ⒎ᐨࠍ␜ߔ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽PrFe4P12ߦ߅ߌࠆ4f㔚ሶ⁁ᘒTOPAN᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ጤ ૒ ๺ ᤩ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽⿥વዉ૕PrOs4Sb12ߩ⏛᳇ࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ಽᏓ

PONTA

᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ጤ ૒ ๺ ᤩ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽⿥વዉ૕PrOs4Sb12ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⇣ᏱHERMES,HER
MES߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇ᫃ ᧄ ੫ ৻

RMnO3ߩ⏛᳇⒎ᐨߣ゠㆏⒎ᐨ

GPTAS

ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ

ᴡේፒ ୃ ਃ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽ߩࠬࡇࡦኒᐲᵄ/㔚⩄ኒᐲᵄߣࡈࠜࡁࡦ

GPTAS

ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ

ᴡේፒ ୃ ਃ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽ߩࠬࡇࡦኒᐲᵄ/㔚⩄ኒᐲᵄߣࡈࠜࡁࡦ

HER

᧲ർᄢቇ

ᧁ ᧛ ብ ਯ

La1.875-xBa0.125-xSrxCuO4㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄ࠬ࠻
FONDER࡜ࠗࡊ⒎ᐨߩቯ㊂⊛ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ᭴▽᧲ർᄢቇᧁ ᧛ ብ ਯ

La1.875-xBa0.125-xSrxCuO4㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄ࠬ࠻
KSD
࡜ࠗࡊ⒎ᐨߩቯ㊂⊛ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ᭴▽᧲ർᄢቇᧁ ᧛ ብ ਯ

Zn⟎឵ߒߚLa2-xSrxCuO4㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯
TOPAN⏛᳇ബ⿠࡮㕒⊛⏛᳇⋧㑐ߣߘߩ⏛႐ലᨐߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ᧲ർᄢቇᧁ ᧛ ብ ਯ

Zn⟎឵ߒߚLa2-xSrxCuO4㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯
HER⏛᳇ബ⿠࡮㕒⊛⏛᳇⋧㑐ߣߘߩ⏛႐ലᨐߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ᧲ർᄢቇᧁ ᧛ ብ ਯ

Zn⟎឵ߒߚLa2-xSrxCuO4㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯
KSD⏛᳇ബ⿠࡮㕒⊛⏛᳇⋧㑐ߣߘߩ⏛႐ലᨐߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ᧲ർᄢቇᧁ ᧛ ብ ਯ

Zn⟎឵ߒߚLa2-xSrxCuO4㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⏛᧤᷵♻᭴ㅧ
SANS-Uߩ⎇ⓥ᧲ർᄢቇᧁ ᧛ ብ ਯ

Zn⟎឵ߒߚLa2-xSrxCuO4㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⏛᧤᷵♻᭴ㅧKSDߩ⎇ⓥ᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇ᪀ ේ ᘮᄥ㇢㊀޿㔚ሶ♽ൻว‛URu2Si2ߩ⏛᳇ᒻ⁁࿃ሶ

PONTA

᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮␹ ᧁ ᱜ ผ

CeలႯࠬࠢ࠶࠹࡞࠳ࠗ࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ⃻⽎

HER᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮␹ ᧁ ᱜ ผ

CeలႯࠬࠢ࠶࠹࡞࠳ࠗ࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ⃻⽎

TOPAN᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮␹ ᧁ ᱜ ผᏗ࿯㘃㧢⎲ൻ‛RB6ߦ߅ߌࠆRaman⇣Ᏹߩᬌ⸽

GPTAS

᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮␹ ᧁ ᱜ ผ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽ᒝ⏛ᕈ⿥વዉ૕UGe2ߩ5f㔚ሶ⁁ᘒPONTA

᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮␹ ᧁ ᱜ ผ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽ᒝ⏛ᕈ⿥વዉ૕UGe2ߩ5f㔚ሶ⁁ᘒTOPANᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮↰ ⇌ ศ ⸘ൻቇ⊛ߥੂࠇߩ౉ߞߚ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆ㊂ሶ⋧ォ⒖ߩേ⊛⥃⇇⃻⽎

HERᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮↰ ⇌ ศ ⸘ൻቇ⊛ߥੂࠇߩ౉ߞߚ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆ㊂ሶ⋧ォ⒖ߩേ⊛⥃⇇⃻⽎

GPTAS

߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇ᳗ ↰ ⾆ ᔒ㊄ዻ㑆ൻว‛⿥વዉ૕Er(Ni,Co)2B2Cߩ⏛ᕈߣ⿥વዉߩ┹ว

GPTAS

߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇ᳗ ↰ ⾆ ᔒ㊄ዻ㑆ൻว‛⿥વዉ૕Er(Ni,Co)2B2Cߩ⏛ᕈߣ⿥વዉߩ┹ว

HQR߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇ᳗ ↰ ⾆ ᔒ㊄ዻ㑆ൻว‛⿥વዉ૕Er(Ni,Co)2B2Cߩ⏛ᕈߣ⿥વዉߩ┹ว

SANS-U߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇ᳗ ↰ ⾆ ᔒ

Sr2RuO4♽ߩcc᷹ቯ

GPTAS

߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇ᳗ ↰ ⾆ ᔒ

Sr2RuO4♽ߩcc᷹ቯ

SANS-U᧲ർᄢቇᐔ ⾐ ᥍ ᒄ㌃㉄ൻ‛⿥વዉ૕La2-xSrxCuO4ߩ⏛᳇ំࠄ߉ߦኻߔࠆ
⏛ᕈਇ⚐‛ലᨐ

TOPAN

᧲ർᄢቇ

ᐔ ⾐ ᥍ ᒄ㌃㉄ൻ‛⿥વዉ૕La2-xSrxCuO4ߩ⏛᳇ំࠄ߉ߦኻߔࠆ
⏛ᕈਇ⚐‛ലᨐHER᧲ർᄢቇᐔ ⾐ ᥍ ᒄ㌃㉄ൻ‛⿥વዉ૕La2-xSrxCuO4ߩ⏛᳇ំࠄ߉ߦኻߔࠆ
⏛ᕈਇ⚐‛ലᨐ

KSD੩ㇺᄢቇ⮮ ↰ ో ၮ

La1.88Ba0.12CuO4ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄ࠬ࠻࡜ࠗࡊំࠄ߉ߩ⎇ⓥ

TOPAN

੩ㇺᄢቇ

⮮ ↰ ో ၮ

La1.88Ba0.12CuO4ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄ࠬ࠻࡜ࠗࡊំࠄ߉ߩ⎇ⓥ

HER

੩ㇺᄢቇ

⮮ ↰ ో ၮ

La1.88Ba0.12CuO4ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄ࠬ࠻࡜ࠗࡊំࠄ߉ߩ⎇ⓥ

KSD

51

੩ㇺᄢቇ

⮮ ↰ ో ၮ㔚 ሶ࠼ ࡯ࡊ ဳPr1-xLaCexCuO4 ߩ ⏛᳇ ࠁࠄ߉ ߣ ⿥વ ዉߩ ⋧TOPAN㑐㧦㕖⿥વዉ⋧߆ࠄߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴੩ㇺᄢቇ⮮ ↰ ో ၮ㔚 ሶ࠼ ࡯ࡊ ဳPr1-xLaCexCuO4 ߩ ⏛᳇ ࠁࠄ߉ ߣ ⿥વ ዉߩ ⋧HER㑐㧦㕖⿥વዉ⋧߆ࠄߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴੩ㇺᄢቇ⮮ ↰ ో ၮ㔚 ሶ࠼ ࡯ࡊ ဳPr1-xLaCexCuO4 ߩ ⏛᳇ ࠁࠄ߉ ߣ ⿥વ ዉߩ ⋧KSD㑐㧦㕖⿥વዉ⋧߆ࠄߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴

߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇฎ Ꮉ ߪߠ߈㊄ዻ㑆ൻว‛⿥વዉ૕ErNi2B2Cߩ⥄⊒⊛᷵♻᭴ㅧߩ᷹ⷰ

SANS-U߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇฎ Ꮉ ߪߠ߈Sr2RuO4ߩ⿥વዉࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ᳿ቯ㧦࡟࠱࠽ࡦࠬࡇ࡯ࠢߩ᷹ቯ

HER߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇฎ Ꮉ ߪߠ߈La1-xYxTiO3ߦ߅ߌࠆ⏛ᕈߣ゠㆏ᢛ೉GPTAS

߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇฎ Ꮉ ߪߠ߈La1-xYxTiO3ߦ߅ߌࠆ⏛ᕈߣ゠㆏ᢛ೉HERMES↥ᬺᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲ᧘   ື ⯥La2-xSrxCuO4ߩࠝ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࡯ࡊ⋧ߦ߅ߌࠆૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡇ
TOPAN
ࡦំേ

↥ᬺᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲ᧘   ື ⯥La2-xSrxCuO4ߩࠝ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࡯ࡊ⋧ߦ߅ߌࠆૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡇ
HERࡦំേ↥ᬺᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲ᧘   ື ⯥La2-xSrxCuO4ߩࠝ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࡯ࡊ⋧ߦ߅ߌࠆૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡇ
KSDࡦំേ㜞㨾㩒㩣㩁㩨- ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ᄢ ෹ ቄ ຦࠽ࡁᄙሹ⾰૕FSM-16ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚦ሹౝ᳓ಽሶߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ

AGNES

᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᎹ ┵ ᐾ ᐔਔⷫᇦᕈಽሶ⤑ߩᾲំࠄ߉ߦኻߔࠆ᷷ᐲ࡮࿶ജലᨐ

NSE᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᎹ ┵ ᐾ ᐔਔⷫᇦᕈಽሶ⤑ߩᾲំࠄ߉ߦኻߔࠆ᷷ᐲ࡮࿶ജലᨐ

SANS-U᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇᎹ ┵ ᐾ ᐔ

C60/࡝ࡦ⢽⾰⤑♽ߩࠬࡠ࡯࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ

NSE,NSEጟጊℂ⑼ᄢቇᯌ 㜞 ⨃ ᴦ

MCM-41ࡔ࠰ሹౝߦ߅ߌࠆᭂᕈಽሶߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬߩ⴫㕙⁁ᘒ
AGNES
ߦࠃࠆᄌൻ

ጟጊℂ⑼ᄢቇᯌ 㜞 ⨃ ᴦ೙㒢ⓨ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓ࠍ฽߻㧞ᚑಽⶄวṁᶧߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ

AGNES

ᐢፉᄢቇ

ᱞ ↰ 㓉 ⟵ਔⷫᇦሶ♽ⶄ㔀ᶧ૕ߩ᭴ㅧߣ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ

NSE

ᐢፉᄢቇ

ᱞ ↰ 㓉 ⟵ਔⷫᇦሶ♽ⶄ㔀ᶧ૕ߩ᭴ㅧߣ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ

SANS-U੩ㇺᄢ㒮Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼᧻ ේ ⺈ੑ㇢

᦭ᯏ㊄ዻൻว‛ߩṁᶧਛߢߩ᭴ㅧߣ෻ᔕ႐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ

SANS-U੩ㇺᄢ㒮Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼᧻ ේ⺈ ੑ㇢᳓ᾲ᧦ઙਅߢߩ᦭ᯏൻว‛ߩ᜼േ

SANS-Uᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮 ℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ጊ ቶ   ୃࠢ࡜ࠬ࡟࡯࠻᳓ṁᶧߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬߣ᭴ㅧ

AGNES

ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮 ℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ጊ ቶ   ୃࠢ࡜ࠬ࡟࡯࠻᳓ṁᶧߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬߣ᭴ㅧHERMES᧲੩㔚ᯏᄢጊ ቶ ᙗ ሶ⇇㕙ᵴᕈ೷DTAB᳓ṁᶧߩ⃿⁁㧙᫔⁁ࡒ࠮࡞ォ⒖ߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢ
AGNES
ࠬᄹ⦟వ┵⑼ቇᛛⴚᄢቇ㒮ᄢቇ਄ਭ଻ ⵨ ↢Ⱞ⊕⾰⴫㕙ߦಽᏓߔࠆ᳓๺᳓ࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯ߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ-II

HER

੩ㇺᄢቇ

ἑ ᚭ ⑲ ♿

ࡕ࠺࡞⚦⢩⤑ߩ࠽ࡁ᭴ㅧᒻᚑ

SANS-U੩ㇺᄢቇἑ ᚭ ⑲ ♿

࡝ࡦ⢽⾰᳓ṁᶧߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ⤘Ảࠥ࡞⋧ߩᒻᚑⷐ࿃

SANS-U੩ㇺᄢቇἑ ᚭ ⑲ ♿

࡝ࡦ⢽⾰᳓ṁᶧߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ⤘Ảࠥ࡞⋧ߩᒻᚑⷐ࿃

NSE

⟲㚍ᄢቇ

ᐔ ੗ శ ඳ㉄ᕈ♧⢽⾰ࠍ฽߻↢૕⢽⾰࡝ࡐ࠰࡯ࡓߩ⮎೷࠽ࡁࠞࡊ࠮࡞ߣߒ
SANS-Uߡߩ᭴ㅧ‛ᕈߩ⎇ⓥ⟲㚍ᄢቇᐔ ੗ శ ඳ㉄ᕈ♧⢽⾰ࠍ฽߻↢૕⢽⾰࡝ࡐ࠰࡯ࡓߩ⮎೷࠽ࡁࠞࡊ࠮࡞ߣߒ
NSE
ߡߩ᭴ㅧ‛ᕈߩ⎇ⓥ℄⃿ᄢቇ᧻ ᎑ ව ᦬಄ਛᕈሶ࠻ࡕࠣ࡜ࡈࠖࠍ↪޿ߚᬀ‛૕ౝ᳓ಽಽᏓߩนⷞൻ

߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇ੹ ੗ ᱜ ᐘ

࡜ࡔ࡜-Gyroidォ⒖ߦ߅ߌࠆModulation Fluctuation ߩࠬࡠ࡯NSE࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ

߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇ੹ ੗ ᱜ ᐘ

࡜ࡔ࡜-Gyroidォ⒖ߦ߅ߌࠆModulation Fluctuation ߩࠬࡠ࡯SANS-U࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ

߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇ੹ ੗ ᱜ ᐘ⇹᳓ᕈࠥࠬ࠻ಽሶ߇⺃⿠ߔࠆ⇇㕙ᵴᕈ೷㧛᳓♽ߩ⒎ᐨ-⒎ᐨォ⒖

SANS-U߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇ੹ ੗ ᱜ ᐘਔⷫᇦᕈࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ౒㊀ว૕ࠍၒ߼ㄟࠎߛ
ಽሶ⤑ߩ㕒⊛߅ࠃ߮േ⊛᭴ㅧ

SANS-U߅⨥ߩ᳓ᅚሶᄢቇ੹ ੗ ᱜ ᐘਔⷫᇦᕈࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ౒㊀ว૕ࠍၒ߼ㄟࠎߛ
ಽሶ⤑ߩ㕒⊛߅ࠃ߮േ⊛᭴ㅧ

NSE

52

MINE-1᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇട ⮮   ⋥ߕࠅᵹേ႐ߦࠃࠆ⇇㕙ᵴᕈ೷࡜ࡔ࡜࠼ࡔࠗࡦߩ❗ዊߣ⤑ߩ࠳ࠗ
SANS-U࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢࠬ᧲੩ㇺ┙ᄢቇട ⮮   ⋥ߕࠅᵹേ႐ߦࠃࠆ⇇㕙ᵴᕈ೷࡜ࡔ࡜࠼ࡔࠗࡦߩ❗ዊߣ⤑ߩ࠳ࠗ
NSE
࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢࠬ

੩ㇺᄢቇ

㊄ ⼱ ೑ ᴦ㜞ಽሶࠟ࡜ࠬൻㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆࡕ࡯࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ࠬࡠ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ࠳࠙ࡦ

PONTA

੩ㇺᄢቇ

㊄ ⼱ ೑ ᴦ

PVAൻቇ᨞ᯅࠥ࡞ߩ㕒⊛߅ࠃ߮േ⊛ਇဋ৻ᕈ

NSE

੩ㇺᄢቇ

㊄ ⼱ ೑ ᴦ

PVAൻቇ᨞ᯅࠥ࡞ߩ㕒⊛߅ࠃ߮േ⊛ਇဋ৻ᕈ

SANS-U੩ㇺᄢቇ㊄ ⼱ ೑ ᴦߖࠎᢿᵹേਅߦ߅ߌࠆࡐ࡝ࠛ࠴࡟ࡦߩ⚿᥏ൻㆊ⒟SANS-U੩ㇺᄢቇ㊄ ⼱ ೑ ᴦ㔚⩄ዉ౉PVAࠥ࡞ߩ෼❗࡮⤘ᒛㆊ⒟SANS-U੩ㇺᄢቇ㊄ ⼱ ೑ ᴦ㜞ಽሶ⭯⤑ߩࠟ࡜ࠬォ⒖

MINE-2੩ㇺᄢቇᄢቇ㒮┻ ਛ ᐙ ੱ࿶ജࠫࡖࡦࡊࠍ↪޿ߚ㕖ኻ⒓㜞ಽሶᷙว♽ߩỚᐲំࠄ߉ߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ☼ᒢᕈലᨐߩ⎇ⓥ

SANS-Uජ⪲Ꮏᬺᄢቇ╳ ⚡   ᩰࠗࠝࡦવዉᕈࡐ࡝ࡑ࡯ࡐ࡝ࠛ࡯࠹࡞࠙࡟࠲ࡦ㧔PEU㧕ߩḰᒢᕈ
AGNES
ᢔੂ߆ࠄߣࠄ߃ߚવዉᯏ᭴ߣߩ㑐ㅪ᧲੩ᄢቇ㐳 የ ㆏ ᒄ᷷ᐲᢅᗵဳࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ౒㊀ว૕ߩ᷷ᐲ㧘࿶ജ⺃⿠⋧ォ⒖ߦ㑐ߔࠆ
SANS-U⎇ⓥ᧲੩ᄢቇ㐳 የ ㆏ ᒄ᷷ᐲᢅᗵဳࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ౒㊀ว૕ߩ᷷ᐲ㧘࿶ജ⺃⿠⋧ォ⒖ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ

NSEㄘᨋ᳓↥⋭ 㘩ຠ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲᷰ ㆻ   ᐽਔⷫᇦᕈ‛⾰ߣ᳓ṁᕈ㜞ಽሶⶄว૕ߩ᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ

SANS-U੩ㇺᄢቇᎹ ┵ ␭ มᭂૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ਛᕈሶߦࠃࠆ㜞ᯏ⢻ਛᕈሶࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣᴺߩ㐿⊒

MINE-1ℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲᳰ ↰ ৻ ᤘ㜞Qᄙጀ⤑ࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡒ࡜࡯ߩਛᕈሶ෻኿․ᕈ⹏ଔ

MINE-2੩ㇺᄢቇ↰ ፒ ⺈ มਛᕈሶࠬࡇࡦᐓᷤ⃻⽎ࠍᔕ↪ߒߚਛᕈሶࠬࡇࡦࠛࠦ࡯ಽశᴺߩ MINE-1,MINE㐿⊒2੩ㇺᄢቇᣣ ㊁ ᱜ ⵨㜞ᕈ⢻ᄙጀ⤑ਛᕈሶ஍ᭂࡒ࡜࡯ߩ㐿⊒

MINE-2੩ㇺᄢቇᣣ ㊁ ᱜ ⵨ᒝ޿ๆ෼႐ߩਛᕈሶࠬࡇࡦశቇ

MINE-2᧲੩ᄢቇ㐳 የ ㆏ ᒄࡑࠗࠢࡠࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ࿶ജ⺃⿠᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖

SANS-U᧲੩ᄢቇ㐳 የ ㆏ ᒄࡑࠗࠢࡠࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ࿶ജ⺃⿠᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖

NSE

᧲੩ᄢቇ

㐳 የ ㆏ ᒄࡑࠗࠢࡠࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ⤑࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬߩdropletỚᐲଐሽᕈ

SANS-U᧲੩ᄢቇ㐳 የ ㆏ ᒄࡑࠗࠢࡠࠛࡑ࡞࡚ࠪࡦߩ⤑࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬߩdropletỚᐲଐሽᕈ

NSE

᧲੩ᄢቇ

ศ ᴛ ⧷ ᮸

La2-xSrxNi1-yMyO4㧔M=Zn, Cu)ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠻࡜ࠗࡊ⒎ᐨ

GPTAS

᧲੩ᄢቇ

ศ ᴛ ⧷ ᮸

Nd2Mo2O7ߩૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߩ⏛႐ലᨐ

HER

᧲੩ᄢቇ

ศ ᴛ ⧷ ᮸

Nd2Mo2O7ߩૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߩ⏛႐ലᨐ

GPTAS

᧲੩ᄢቇ

ศ ᴛ ⧷ ᮸

Nd2-xYxMo2O7ߩ㊄ዻ⛘✼૕ォ⒖

GPTAS

᧲੩ᄢቇ

ศ ᴛ ⧷ ᮸

Nd2-xYxMo2O7ߩ㊄ዻ⛘✼૕ォ⒖

HERℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲᄢ ┻ ᶻ ᕺ㊂ሶജቇ⊛ᵄേ㑐ᢙ࿕᦭⁁ᘒ㑆ߩᐓᷤᕈᶖṌ⎇ⓥ‫ޕ‬-ࡔࠞ࠾ࠞࠕ࡞ࠕࡠࠗࡦࠣࠨࡦࡊ࡞ࠍ↪޿ߡ-

MINE-1,MINE2

ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ

㊄ ሶ ⚐ ৻ࡇࠛ࠱⚿᥏ߩ㔚᳇⊛ߥᄌᒻ೙ᓮᴺߦࠃࠆᣂߒ޿ਛᕈሶశቇ⚛ሶ
ULS
ߩ㐿⊒⎇ⓥ

਻Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᱞ ↰ ା ৻

ᶧ૕Siߩ᭴ㅧߣ㔚ሶ࡯ࠗࠝࡦ⋧㑐HERMES਻Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᱞ ↰ ା ৻

ᶧ૕IGe-Snᷙว♽ߩ᭴ㅧHERMESፉᩮᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇㇱ㊀ ᧻ ብ ᱞ

Rb2MoO4ߩ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖ߣࡈࠜࡁࡦಽᢔ

GPTAS

ፉᩮᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇㇱ㊀ ᧻ ብ ᱞ

Rb2MoO4ߩ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖ߣࡈࠜࡁࡦಽᢔ

HERፉᩮᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇㇱ㊀ ᧻ ብ ᱞ

(K1-xRbx)2SeO4ߩ઒ᗐ⋧ォ⒖ߦነਈߔࠆ࠰ࡈ࠻ࡕ࡯࠼ߩᝄࠆ
GPTAS
⥰޿

ፉᩮᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇㇱ㊀ ᧻ ብ ᱞ

(K1-xRbx)2SeO4ߩ઒ᗐ⋧ォ⒖ߦነਈߔࠆ࠰ࡈ࠻ࡕ࡯࠼ߩᝄࠆ⥰޿

HQR

53

໹଼ 26 ාഽஜ‫!ܢ‬ΑȜΩȜ΋ϋάνȜΗ‫ވ‬൳၌ဥन఼‫ه‬ఴ֚။!

ᚲ   ዻ
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ᶏ
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↥
✚
⎇
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ഥᢎ᝼
߅⨥ ߩ᳓ ᅚ ሶ ᄢ
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਄
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ᾢ
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⪲
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᧲ ੩ 㔚 ᯏ ᄢഥᢎ᝼᧲ ੩ ㇺ ┙ ᄢ
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ഥ ᚻ

54

ઍ ⴫ ⠪

࠲    ࠗ    ࠻    ࡞ਛ ጊ ᕡ ⟵ᡆ৻ᰴరવዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆࠟ࡜ࠬ⇣Ᏹ‛ᕈἥ   ᶈ ᮸ਇ⚐‛ࠍ฽߻᳓ߩ⚿᥏ൻߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸘▚ᯏࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⎇ⓥ⍫ਭ଻ ⠨ ੺⥃⇇ᵄേ㑐ᢙߩࡑ࡞࠴ࡈ࡜ࠢ࠲࡞ᕈߣߘߩ࡙࠾ࡃ࡯ࠨ࡝࠹ࠖዊ ᨋ ഞ ૫࠽ࡁࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ⴫㕙㔚᳇વዉߩℂ⺰⊛⎇ⓥ

㆙ ጊ ⾆ Ꮖ෩ኒኻⷺൻᴺߦࠃࠆࡂࡃ࡯࠼ᮨဳ߅ࠃ߮ t-J ᮨဳߩ⎇ⓥ

೨ Ꮉ ⑓ ㅢ

ㆫ⒖㊄ዻ㉄ൻ‛ߩബ⿠ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞

ᄢ ㊁ ⟵ ┨ᄙࡃࡦ࠼ࡂࡃ࡯࠼ᮨဳߩࡕ࠶࠻ォ⒖ߣ⏛ᕈർ ⼱ ⧷ ༹᦭㒢ᰴరࠗࠫࡦࠣࠬࡇࡦࠣ࡜ࠬߩ⥃⇇⃻⽎ᄢ ᮎ ᧲ Ꮘ㊂ሶャㅍ⃻⽎ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬࡇࡦᢔੂߩലᨐਅ ᪯ ౻ ᮸

╙৻ේℂಽሶേജቇᴺߦࠃࠆᶧ૕ࠞ࡞ࠦࠥࡦߩ᭴ㅧߣ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߩ࿶ജଐሽᕈᄐ ⋡ 㓶 ᐔ

ૐᰴర㊂ሶ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ♽ߩ੤឵ᢔੂࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߩ⸘▚ᄥ ↰ ᐘ ೣૐᰴరᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶᮨဳߦኻߔࠆᣂဳᢙ୯⸘▚ᚻᴺߩ㐿⊒ᄐ ⋡ 㓶 ᐔේሶ᳇૕ࡏ࡯ࠬಝ❗૕㧞ᚑಽ♽ߩᵄ᧤࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬᮮ ጊ ኼ ᢅᦨㆡൻᄌಽࡕࡦ࠹ࠞ࡞ࡠᴺߦࠃࠆ3d♽゠㆏⥄↱ᐲߩ⎇ⓥ

᧖ ㊁   ୃ㊂ሶવዉߩኒᐲ᳢㑐ᢙ⸘▚㊁‫ޘ‬ጊ ା ੑ

㊂ሶࡎ࡯࡞♽ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞⃻⽎ߩ⎇ⓥ

᠞ ⏴ ዏ ᦺ

FLAPWᴺߦࠃࠆ㨒㔚ሶ♽ߩ㔚ሶ᭴ㅧߩ⎇ⓥ

ਛ ጊ 㓉 ผ

㊄ዻ/ඨዉ૕⇇㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆᷙ᥏ጀᒻᚑᯏ᭴ߩ╙৻ේℂ⸘▚ߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥ⼾ ᧁ ඳ ᵏ㧞ᰴర੤ㅢᵹߦ߅ߌࠆ⋧ォ⒖ߣࡄ࠲࡯ࡦᒻᚑᎹ ญ 㜞 ᣿࡚ࠫ࠮ࡈ࠰ࡦធวࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦ߅ߌࠆvortexߩࡇࡦᱛ߼ߣ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ⚬ ⼱   ᶈ㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆャㅍ⃻⽎ߩ⎇ⓥ

ၔ ⍹ ᱜ ᒄ෩ኒߦ⸃ߌࠆ㧝ᰴరࠬࡇࡦ♽‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬㔚ሶ♽ᮨဳߩ⋧㑐㑐ᢙߩᢙ୯⸘▚ߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥ਄ ↰ ๺ ᄦ

㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆャㅍ⃻⽎ߩℂ⺰⊛⎇ⓥዊ ⇌ ୃ ੑ࠳ࠗࠕࡕࡦ࠼⾰὇⚛ߩ㔚ሶ᭴ㅧ⸘▚㈬ ੗   ᴦ⏛ᕈඨዉ૕ߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒୖ ᧄ ⟵ ᄦᏗ࿯㘃ൻว‛ߩᄙ㊀ᭂ⋧੕૞↪ߣࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ಽᏓᢪ ⮮   ᤯

ਗ೉ಣℂ㔚ሶ᭴ㅧ⸘▚ᚻᴺߩ⎇ⓥศ ↰   ඳ

╙৻ේℂ⸘▚ߦࠃࠆඨዉ૕ଔ㔚ሶ೙ᓮߣߘߩ‛ℂ␹ ⮮ ᰵ ৻ඨዉ૕࠽ࡁ᭴ㅧਛߩォ૏ߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߣォ૏ㆇേߩ⚛ㆊ⒟ߩ⸃ᨆ᧲੩Ꮏ ᬺ ᄢ
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቟ ⮮ ᕡ ਽ࠞ࡯ࡏࡦ࠽ࡁ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉ♽ߩ㊂ሶャㅍ⍹ ੗   ᤩ

╙৻ේℂ⸘▚ߦࠃࠆ)C#U  ⚿᥏ᚑ㐳ߩ⎇ⓥኹ የ ⾆ ㆏ṁᶧਛߩ㜞ಽሶ㔚⸃⾰♽ߦ߅ߌࠆ᭴ㅧᒻᚑ⋧ ේ ᱜ ᮸శബ⿠ߐࠇߚᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽ߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥᎹ ਄ ೣ 㓶ૐᰴర♽ߦ߅ߌࠆࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣ㊂ሶࠁࠄ߉ߩലᨐ

㜞ᴡේ ବ ⑲න৻෸߮⚿ว㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆ㊂ሶࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬߩℂ⺰ᵻ ੗ ⟤ ඳᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽෸߮࠽ࡁ㔚ሶ♽ߩᢙ୯⎇ⓥ᧻ Ꮉ   ብ៺ᡂߩ⸘▚ᯏታ㛎═ ੗ ⑲ ᣿╙৻ේℂ㊂ሶ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ⸘▚ߦࠃࠆ⴫㕙ߦ㘧᧪ߔࠆ᳓⚛ߩ෻ᔕ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬߩ࠺ࠩ
ࠗࡦߣ⸃ᨆ ጟ ᵗ ฝ᳓⚛⚿วᕈᶧ૕࡮ṁᶧߦ߅ߌࠆ‛ᕈߣേ⊛᭴ㅧᎹ ᧛   శࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࠻⏛ᕈߣࠞࠗ࡜࡝࠹ࠖ⒎ᐨ

Ᏹ ⴕ ⌀ ม╙৻ේℂ⸘▚ࠍ↪޿ߚ࿕૕ਛේሶᩭߩ㊂ሶലᨐߩ⎇ⓥೋ ⽴ ቟ ᒄૐᰴర♽ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠻ࡐࡠࠫࠞ࡞ߥ㊂ሶ⋧ォ⒖ߩᢙ୯⊛⎇ⓥ⩲   ⺈৻㇢ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊࠍᜬߟḰ㧝ᰴర㊂ሶࠬࡇࡦ♽ߩേ⊛ᕈ⾰‫ޔ‬෸߮⏛႐ਛߢߩ⥃⇇⊛ᕈ⾰⼱ ญ   ᷕ

╙৻ේℂಽሶേജቇࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦࠃࠆ㔚⇇ਛߩ὇⚛ߩ᜼േߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥᐔ ੗ ࿡ ෹ጀ⁁ੱᎿᩰሶߩ㔚ሶ᭴ㅧߣࠬࡇࡦኒᐲᵄ⷏ 㙚 ᢙ ⧘࡝࠴࠙ࡓ㔚ᳰᭂ᧚ᢱߩ╙৻ේℂ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ⸘▚ች ᧄ   ᣿㜞ㅦൻ㊂ሶಽሶേജቇᴺࠍᵴ↪ߒߚⶄ㔀ᄙᚑಽ⸅ᇦ♽ߩℂ⺰⸳⸘⮮ ઍ ඳ ⸥╙৻ේℂಽሶേജቇࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦࠃࠆ㔚⇇ਛߩ)C#U⴫㕙਄ߩ5ේሶߩ᜼േߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥᳰ ↰ 㓉 ੺ࡄ࠙࡝Ᏹ⏛ᕈߩലᨐࠍᜬߟ╙ੑ⒳⿥વዉ૕ߩ㜞⏛႐ߦᣈߌࠆ⋧ォ⒖ߩᢙ୯⊛⎇ⓥㅩ ဈ   ⽕╙৻ේℂಽሶേജቇ⸘▚ߦࠃࠆ5K    #I⴫㕙ߩ⎇ⓥᷰ ㆺ   ⡡⴫㕙࠽ࡁ᭴ㅧߩ‛ᕈߩ㔚᳇⊛⸘᷹ߩℂ⺰⸃ᨆ㘧 ↰ ๺ ↵ⓨ㑆᭴ㅧࠍᜬߟૐᰴర㊂ሶ⏛ᕈ૕ߩᢙ୯⊛⎇ⓥ

೑ᩮᎹ   ቁⓨ㑆᭴ㅧࠍ߽ߟ৻ᰴర㊂ሶࠬࡇࡦ♽ߩᢙ୯⊛⎇ⓥᷨ ፒ ຬ ᒄ㕖ᐔⴧ⁁ᘒߢߩㆃ޿✭๺ㆊ⒟

⮮ ේ Პ ᄦ

ⶄวᚻᴺߦࠃࠆ╙৻ේℂ㔚ሶ᭴ㅧ⸘▚ߩ᜛ᒛဈ ੗   ᔀ࡜ࡦ࠴࡚ࠬᴺߩਗ೉ൻߣ㊂ሶࠬࡇࡦ♽߳ߩᔕ↪ਛ ㊁ ඳ ↢ᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆᒝ⏛ᕈ⋧ォ⒖ߩᢙ୯⊛⎇ⓥ੹ ↰  ᱜବ⚻〝Ⓧಽ➅ࠅㄟߺ⟲ᴺߩ㐿⊒ߣߘߩᔕ↪ᐔ ፉ   ᄢᒝ⋧㑐㊂ሶ☸ሶ♽ߩ⒎ᐨߣࠁࠄ߉

᧖ ㊁   ୃ㔚ᭂ⸅ᇦ෻ᔕߩ╙৻ේℂ⸘▚ਛ ᧛ ᶈ ᰴᒝ⏛ᕈ૕෸߮෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕ߩ⇇㕙‫⏛ޔ‬ოߩࡁࡦࠦ࡝࠾ࠕ⏛ᕈዊ ญ ᄙ⟤ᄦ

*K.#29ࠦ࡯࠼ߦࠃࠆಝ❗♽ߩ╙৻ේℂ⸘▚ਛ ᧛ ⛔ ᄥᰴరࠬࡇࡦࠣ࡜ࠬ⋧ォ⒖ߩᒙ᥉ㆉᕈ↰ ખ ↱༑ᄦ⇣ᣇ⊛⿥વዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ㊂ሶᐓᷤലᨐ

55

᧲



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56

㕍 ᧁ ⑲ ᄦ㊄ዻ࠼࡯ࡊߐࠇߚ࠯ࠝ࡜ࠗ࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆᒝ⋧㑐ലᨐ᛼ ጊ   ᷕ࠰ࡈ࠻࠽ࡁ‛⾰ߩේሶ᭴ㅧߣ㔚ሶ‛ᕈ㤥 ᧁ ๺ ᒾᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬࡇࡦ࡮࠻࡝ࡊ࡟࠶࠻⿥વዉߩ⊒⃻ᯏ᭴ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢙ୯⊛⎇ⓥદ ⮮ િ ᵏࡂࡃ࡯࠼ࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ⿥વዉᕈߩ㕖ᐔⴧ✭๺⸃ᨆḡ Ꮉ   ⻀㧞ᰴర☸ሶ♽⋧ォ⒖ߩ㕖ᐔⴧ✭๺⸃ᨆየ 㑐 ਯ ᐽ㕖ᐔⴧ✭๺ᴺߩᔕ↪㧦ࠥ࡯ࠫࠣ࡜ࠬࠍਛᔃߣߒߡᱞ ⮮ ବ ৻

ᱡ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆේሶ᜛ᢔߩ⎇ⓥႦ ↰   ᝰ

╙৻ේℂ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߦࠃࠆ࠽ࡁ᭴ㅧߩ‛ᕈ੍᷹⊕ ⍹ ⾫ ੑᣂᯏ⢻࠽ࡁ᭴ㅧ૕ߩ╙৻ේℂ⸘▚ߦࠃࠆ⸳⸘Ꮉ ፉ ⋥ ノᩰሶ਄ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߚࡏ࡯࠭☸ሶ♽ߩࡕࡦ࠹ࠞ࡞ࡠࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦᷰ ㄝ ৻ ਯ὇⚛ࠕࡠ࠻ࡠ࡯ࡊߩ㔚ሶ᭴ㅧߣ㔚⇇㔚ሶ᡼኿ᯏ᭴ߩ⋧㑐ᯅ ᧄ   ଻

)G5K  ⴫㕙ߩ╙৻ේℂಽሶേജቇ⸘▚⨲ ㇱ ᶈ ৻⏛᳇⊛࠽ࡁࠣ࡜ࡈࠔࠗ࠻ߣ⏛᳇⊛࠽ࡁ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒዊ ↰ ┥ ᮸⏛ᕈࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯߅ࠃ߮⏛ᕈᶧ૕ߩ╙৻ේℂಽሶേജቇ૒‫ ᧁޘ‬ጪ ᒾ╙৻ේℂ⸘▚ߦࠃࠆ࿕૕⴫㕙ൻቇㆊ⒟ߩ⎇ⓥᏱ ᰴ ብ ৻ᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽ߩᢙ୯ኻⷺൻߩᄢⷙᮨਗ೉⸘▚ᄢ Ⴆ ඳ Ꮘ

ૐᰴర㊂ሶ♽ߩ⋧ォ⒖⃻⽎቟ ↰ ජ ኼᡆੑᰴరࡂࠗ࠯ࡦࡌ࡞ࠣ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ㊂ሶലᨐዊ ᨋ િ ᒾ࠽ࡁ᭴ㅧߩ㔚᳇વዉߩ╙৻ේℂ⸘▚ጟ ㇱ   ⼾ᣂߒ޿ࡕࡦ࠹ࠞ࡞ࡠࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓߩࠬࡇࡦ♽߳ߩᔕ↪ᐢ ἑ ༑ਭᴦታⓨ㑆⸘▚ᚻᴺߦၮߠߊ╙৻ේℂಽሶേജቇࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ᓟ ⮮ ⧷ ๺╙৻ේℂߦၮߠߊ㊄ዻ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗ࡯ߩ㔚ሶャㅍ⃻⽎ߩ⸘▚⿒ ᧁ ๺ ੱὐᰳ㒱ࠍ฽߻5K1ߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬߣ5K15K⇇㕙㉄ൻ෻ᔕ߳ߩᓇ㗀⋧ ේ ᥓ ᐽ࠽ࡁ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ᭴ㅧ೙ᓮߦࠃࠆ㊄ዻ㑆ൻว‛ߩ㜞ᯏ⢻ൻߦ㑐ߔࠆℂ⺰⊛⎇ⓥ઄ ↰ ᐽ ᶈࡂࠗࡉ࡝࠶࠼⸘▚ߦࠃࠆࡑ࡞࠴ࠬࠤ࡯࡞࡮ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ⎇ⓥ⍫ ⧎ ৻ ᶈశᔕ╵ߩ╙৻ේℂ⸘▚⮮ ၴ ⋿ ᴦၮᐩ⁁ᘒ࡞࡯ࡊࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓߦࠃࠆ㊂ሶࠬࡇࡦ♽ߩᢙ୯⊛⎇ⓥ㜞   ጊ ৻ࠬࡇࡦ♽ߩᄙ૕⃻⽎ߦኻߔࠆ㊂ሶᕈߣ࡜ࡦ࠳ࡓࡀࠬߩലᨐ⑔ ፉ ቁ ᴦࡕࡦ࠹ࠞ࡞ࡠᴺߩᛛᴺߣ࠺࡯࠲⸃ᨆᴺߩ㐿⊒ች ਅ ♖ ੑᒝߊ⋧੕૞↪ߔࠆ♽ߢߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢࠬߣᣂᄸߥ⒎ᐨ⁁ᘒ᧲ᄢ‛ᕈ⎇౒╙ 2 ภ
ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕ 4 ᦬ 21 ᣣ㑐ଥฦ⎇ⓥᯏ㑐㐳  Ლ᧲੩ᄢ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ㐳    ਄ ↰ ๺ ᄦ㧔౏ශ⋭⇛㧕໹଼ ĲĶ ාഽࢃ‫ވܢ‬൳၌ဥ͈࢖༡̞̾̀ͅȪ೒౶ȫġġߎߩߎߣߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ਅ⸥ߩߣ߅ࠅ౏൐ߒ߹ߔߩߢ‫⾆ޔ‬ᯏ㑐ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦߎߩᣦ๟⍮ߊߛߐࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ߦ⺧↳ޔ‬ᒰߚߞߡߪ
ㆮṳߩߥ޿ࠃ߁ࠃࠈߒߊ߅ขࠅ⸘ࠄ޿㗿޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⸥㧝 ౏൐੐㗄㧔ᷝઃߩⷐ㗄ෳᾖ㧕 Ԭ ౒ห೑↪㧔৻⥸‫⾰‛ޔ‬วᚑ࡮⹏ଔ⸳஻㧕 㧔ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬㨪ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧟᦬ᓟᦼታᣉಽ㧕 ԭ ౒ห೑↪㧔ࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲㧕   㧔ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬㨪ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧟᦬ታᣉಽ㧕 Ԯ ⍴ᦼ⎇ⓥળ              㧔ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬㨪ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧟᦬ᓟᦼታᣉಽ㧕㧞 ↳⺧⾗ᩰ  ࿖౏⑳┙ᄢቇ෸߮࿖౏┙⎇ⓥᯏ㑐ߩᆔຬ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⠪ਗ߮ߦߎࠇߦḰߕࠆ⠪‫ޕ‬㧟 ↳⺧ᣇᴺ  ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޟ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲᓟᦼ౒ห೑↪౏൐ⷐ㗄‫ޠ‬  㧔http://www.issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp/kyoudou/h15kkyoudou.html㧕ࠍߏⷩߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬  ↳⺧ᦠߪ‫࠼࡯ࡠࡦ࠙࠳ࠄ߆ߎߎޔ‬㧔ශ೚㧕ߒ‫࡮౉⸥ޔ‬᛼ශߩ߁߃‫ޔ‬ਅ⸥߹ߢㇷㅍߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬    ㅍઃవ㧦‫  ޥ‬ජ⪲⋵ᨰᏒᨰߩ⪲                ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ ᐼോ⺖౒ห೑↪ដ               㔚⹤ 㧔㧕㧠 ↳⺧ᦼ㒢 Ԭ ࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߩ౒ห೑↪  ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ ㊄ ᔅ⌕ ԭ ߘߩઁߩ౒ห೑↪         ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ ᦬ ᔅ⌕㧡 ណุߩ್ቯ  ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬ਅᣨ57

໹଼ 25 ාഽ‫ٸ‬໐঩߄͈਋ව̞̾̀ͅ!
㧝㧚ᅑቇነ㒝㊄㧔㧝㧕㧡㧜㧜ਁ౞ࠍ⿥߃ࠆᅑቇነ㒝㊄⹥ᒰߥߒ㧔㧞㧕㧡㧜㧜ਁ౞એਅߩᅑቇነ㒝㊄ઙ   ᢙ㧝㧝㊄    㗵౞ઙ
6,853,140㧞㧚᳃㑆╬ߣߩ౒ห⎇ⓥ⎇  ⓥ  㗴  ⋡⋧ᚻ஥ᯏ㑐ฬ

㊂ሶᵹ૕ߩ⴫㕙‛ᕈߩ⎇ⓥ

ℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ

㜞ノᐲశḮ↪ࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߩ
㐿⊒࡮⎇ⓥ
ࡐ࡝ࠝ࡟ࡈࠖࡦᷙว♽ߦ߅ߌࠆࡐ࡝ࡊࡠࡇ࡟ࡦ♽⚿᥏᧚ᢱߣห♽㕖᥏᧚ᢱߩ⋧੕૞↪⸃ᨆ᧚ᢱߩ᳓⚛⣀ᕈ‫ޔ‬ユ኿₸ߩ․ᕈ
ᛠី

ࢃ࠻ࡗࡑ

౒ ห ⎇ ⓥ ⚻ ⾌⋧ᚻᣇ⽶ᜂಽ
ᧄቇ⽶ᜂಽ
౞
2,700,000⎇ ⓥ ᜂ ᒰ ⡯ ຬᢎ᝼ ⍹ᧄ⧷ᒾ

420,000ᢎ᝼ ᩑፒ᣿ੱ

ࠨࡦࠕࡠࡑ࡯ࢃ

1,000,000ᢎ᝼ ᩊጊలᒄ ࠞࠪࠝ⸘▚ᯏࢃ

1,000,000ഥᢎ᝼ ਄ᐥ⟤਽ว     ⸘5,120,000㧟㧚ฃ⸤⎇ⓥ
⎇

ⓥ

㗴

⋡

ฬ


ធ⸅Ά὾ᑼ㧯㧻࠮ࡦࠨ࡯ߦ߅ߌࠆ⸅ᇦ਄
ߩ㧯㧻ࠟࠬㆬᛯ⃻⽎ߩℂ⺰⊛⸃᣿ฃ ౉ ㊄ 㗵⎇ ⓥ ᜂ ᒰ ⠪౞㧔⽷㧕ජ⪲⋵↥ᬺᝄ⥝࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

2,100,000ഥᢎ᝼ ዊ᫪ᢥᄦ

ᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥᚲ

1,500,000ഥᚻ ⮮ේ⋥᮸⑼ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝੐ᬺ࿅1,300,000ᢎ᝼ ᩊጊలᒄ

⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽ߩᣂߒ޿ᄢⷙᮨ⸘▚ࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓ⑼ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝੐ᬺ࿅

650,000ᢎ᝼ ੹↰ᱜବ

㊂ሶ⚦✢࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߩ૞⵾ߣ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ․ᕈ
ߩ⸃᣿⑼ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝੐ᬺ࿅1,300,000ᢎ᝼ ⑺ጊ⧷ᢥ

࠽ࡁࠨࠗ࠭৻ᰴర᭴ㅧߩ㔚ሶ‛ᕈ․ᕈ⹏
ଔ⑼ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝੐ᬺ࿅1,300,000ഥᢎ᝼ 㐳⼱Ꮉᐘ㓶ᯏ⢻ᕈ࠽ࡁಽሶ෸߮࠽ࡁࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯⟎឵ߦࠃࠆᣂⷙ‛ᕈߩഃ಴

⑼ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝੐ᬺ࿅1,300,000ഥᢎ᝼ ᫪ ೋᨐ

㧺㧹㧾᷹ቯᛛⴚߩᣂዷ㐿㧦㧠)RC ⚖࿶ജਅߢߩ࿶ജ⺃⿠⿥વዉߩ⎇ⓥ
࠻ࡐࡠࠫࠞ࡞ࠥ࡞ߩ᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ߅ࠃ߮േ⊛೙ᓮߩታ⃻ว     ⸘58ᆔ  ⸤  ⠪9,450,000

59

60

༎ġ ਬġ ࢃġ ܱ ᧪ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߩ࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱൻࠍ⋡೨ߦߒߡᓢ‫ࠆ޽ߟߟࠅߥߊߒߛߚࠊ޽ߦޘ‬ਛ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲߪߎߩ㧠᦬ࠃࠅ⑔ጊ೨ᚲ㐳ߦ߆ࠊࠅ਄↰๺ᄦᣂᚲ㐳ߩ߽ߣߦᣂߚߦࠬ࠲࡯
࠻޿ߚߒ߹ߒߚ‫ᧄޕ‬ภߢߪᣂᣥਔᚲ㐳ߩዞછ࡮ㅌછߩ⸥ࠍᏎ㗡ߦឝタ޿ߚߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ‛ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅߪ 1961 ᐕ㧢᦬ߦ╙৻Ꮞ߇⊒ⴕߐࠇߡએ᧪ 42 ᐕߣᏎࠍ㊀ߨࠆߦߟࠇ‫ޔ‬ߘߩᓎഀࠍᄌ߃ߟߟ޽ߒࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁ޿߹ߔ‫‛ޕ‬ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅߪᓥ᧪‫ోޔ‬࿖౒ห೑↪⎇ⓥ
ᚲߢ޽ࠆ‛ᕈ⎇߆ࠄో࿖ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߳ߩᖱႎવ㆐ߩ㊀ⷐߥࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߣߒߡߩᓎ⋡ࠍᜂߞߡ޿ߚࠊߌߢߔ߇‫⃻ߪ␹♖ߩߘޔ‬࿷ߢ߽଻ᜬߒߟߟ߽‫ߩߘޔ‬ਥᓎߪࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߦ
⼑ࠅߟߟ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᣢߦ߅᳇ߠ߈ߩߎߣߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫ ߩߎޔ‬4 ᦬߆ࠄ‛ᕈ⎇ߩࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߩో㕙ᡷ⸓߇ᆎ߹ߞߡ߅ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߪੱ੐౏൐ߥߤㅦႎᕈࠍⷐߔࠆㅪ⛊ߪࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ਄ߢߩࠕ࠽࠙ࡦࠬ߇ਥ૕ߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫⎇ߚ߹ޕ‬ⓥቶߩࠕࠢ࠹ࠖࡆ࠹ࠖ࡯ߥߤ߽ࡎ
࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ਄ߢߏⷩߦߥࠆߎߣ߇ߎߣ߇ᄙ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫⁁ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᴫਅߢ‛ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅߩౝኈࠍ⷗⋥ߔ⼏⺰ࠍ㊀ߨߡ߈߹ߒߚ߇‫ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ቯᦼೀⴕ‛ߦߪ㔚ሶᖱႎߦߪߥ޿᦭↪ᕈ߇޽ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ታോఝవߢ߿߿ၷ޿ᗵߩ
޽ࠆࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߦኻߒߡ‫ᧄޔ‬㖸ߩㇱಽ߽੤߃ߚ⺒ߺ‛ߣߒߡߩ๧ࠊ޿ߩ޽ࠆේⓂࠍឝタߒߡࠁߌߚࠄ‫߽ߣޔ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߪ⎇ⓥ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠬ߿⎇ⓥቶߛࠃࠅ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ṛ࿷⸥ߥߤߩ⸥੐ࠍࠃࠅలታߐߖࠆ੍ቯߦߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔߩߢ‫ޔ‬㑐ଥฦᣇ㕙ߦߏදജࠍ߅
㗿޿ߔࠆᰴ╙ߢߔ‫ߩ⥸⻉ޔߒߛߚޕ‬੐ᖱ߆ࠄߎࠇ߹ߢߩᐕ 6 ࿁ߦ߆ࠊࠅᐕ 4 ࿁ߩ⊒ⴕߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⠨߃ߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ὐߦߏᗧ⷗ߏߑ޿߹ߒߚࠄߗ߭߅ነߖߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬᭏ ේ ବ ㇢