SC/67a/SP

Progress report of the work conducted in response to NEWREP-A
research recommendations by the IWC Scientific Committee
Luis A. Pastene1, Toshihide Kitakado2 and Tsutomu Tamura1
1

Institute of Cetacean Research, Toyomi-cho 4-5, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0055, JapanTokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 5-7-4, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan

2

ABSTRACTThis paper reports progress in addressing the recommendations on NEWREP-A made by the IWC SC. The
proponents started the program after completing the most important recommendations related to the need oflethal sampling and sample size (recommendations 1 and 26). Other relevant recommendations are being
addressed during the implementation of the NEWREP-A, and progresses are reported in this document. A few
recommendations are considered of low priority and will not be considered further.
INTRODUCTION
In accordance with Annex P, the proposal of the NEWREP-A program was reviewed firstly through the Expert
Panel review workshop in February 2015 (IWC, 2016a) and subsequently by the whole International Whaling
Commission Scientific Committee (IWC SC) during its 2015 annual meeting (IWC, 2016b). A number ofscientific recommendations focused to improve the NEWREP-A program were endorsed by the IWC SC in 2015
(IWC, 2016b).
The NEWREP-A proponents’ view on the recommendations was at first explained in GOJ (2015a):a)

Recommendations can be categorized into two in the context of the evaluation of the necessity of lethal
sampling and/or reasonableness of the sample size, A= recommendations that are relevant to ‘a fullevaluation of whether any new lethal sampling is required’ and ‘issues related to sample size’ (13recommendations), and B= the other recommendations that are not relevant to such issues (16recommendations).
b) It is not necessary to address all the recommendations ‘before there is a final conclusion on lethal
techniques and samples sizes’.
c) Among the recommendations that are classified in the category ‘A’ above, the proponents observe thatthose works in response to particular recommendations should be given the highest priority.
d) Recommendations related to category ‘B’ above can be addressed in the course of the NEWREP-A
implementation.
e) Given the conclusion of the IWC SC on some particular topics, some recommendations are considered
not relevant or of low priority.
GOJ (2015b) provided progress of the analytical work related to the higher priority recommendations under ‘A’
above (1, 11, 13 and 26). During the course of the discussion at the 2015 IWC SC, it became clear that two
recommendations, 1 (‘Evaluate the level of improvement that might be expected either in the SCAA or in RMP
performance by improved precision in biological parameters using simulation studies including updated
Implementation Simulation Trials’) and 26 (‘Provide a thorough power analysis of sample sizes required todetect change in ASM and follow the other recommendations in this Item’) are the most relevant to consider
before the start of the program. Further analyses on the two recommendations together with a progress report on
the work conducted on other recommendations were presented at the 2016 IWC SC (Kitakado, 2016; GOJ,
2016a; 2016b).
During the 2016 IWC SC annual meeting, the proponents carried out further analyses on the higher priority
recommendations (1 and 26) following advices from members of the Committee (Kitakado and Butterworth,
2017; Kitakado, 2017).
At the end of the 2016 IWC SC annual meeting, members expressed their opinions regarding the proponents’work on the recommendations relevant to ‘a full evaluation of whether any new lethal sampling is required’.
Some members ‘commented that although the work required to fulfil the Committee’s recommendations fromlast years is still in progress, these tasks remain incomplete and the results thus far have not demonstrated that1the NEWREP-A programme requires lethal sampling to achieve its stated objectives’ (IWC, 2017). Other
members ‘commented that the proponents had responded satisfactorily to most of the recommendations of theExpert Panel, noting that some of the suggested further analyses have already been completed, while others arein progress or will be addressed within a reasonable timeframe’ (IWC, 2017).
At the same meeting, the proponents stated that ‘after the 2015 Scientific Committee meeting, the proponents
had conducted additional analyses indicated by the Scientific Committee. They had assessed that all items
pointed out by the Scientific Committee to be conducted prior to the start of NEWREP-A had been completed ata reasonable level, and had decided to implement NEWREP-A. They believe that the current results alreadydemonstrated the utility of age data to improve the performance of CLA. While implementing NEWREP-A, theproponents stated that they will report on further progress on the additional work following the steps specified by
the Advisory Group, which in their opinion go beyond the original scope of Recommendation 1, in view of theuse of the collected data in the Committee’s future work’ (IWC, 2017).
The proponents consider therefore that they have sufficiently demonstrated that the recommendations to beaddressed prior to the start of the program (1, 26) had been dully completed.
This paper reports progress on the recommendations on NEWREP-A made by the IWC SC. The proponents
reserve some degree of flexibility in the timing to respond the recommendations within the implementation
period of NEWREP-A. Also they will give low priority to recommendations considered not essential to address
NEWREP-A research objectives.
PROGRESS REPORT
Recommendations related to need of lethal sampling and sampling size
01: Evaluate the level of improvement that might be expected either in the SCAA or in RMP performance...
10: Evaluate the effect on SCAA of assuming ‘resting’ females...
11: Update SCAA with respect to density-dependence following Punt et al. (2014)…
12: Identify more fully the data to be used to inform the time-varying natural mortality in the SCAA…
13: Develop metrics to evaluate the benefits of including time varying ASM data in the SCAA.
26: Provide a thorough power analysis of sample sizes required to detect changes in ASM…
The work on recommendations 1, 11 and 26 was completed to a reasonable level. See section Introduction and
GOJ (2015b), GOJ (2016a), Kitakado (2016), Kitakado and Butterworth (2017), Kitakado (2017) andIWC (2017).
Recommendations 10, 12 and 13 are of lower priority in comparison with recommendations 1 and 26. Some ofthese recommendations were addressed to some degree (e.g GOJ, 2015b) and further analyses will be conductedduring the implementation of the first half of NEWREP-A.
Recommendations related to stock structure
02: Analyses to distinguish between two stocks with mixing versus isolation by distance
03: Simulation study to examine how additional sampling
Preliminary results of analyses related to recommendation 02 above (Kitakado, personal communication 2016)
showed that the effect size of the stocks in the Antarctic is too low to allow for the methods proposed by thereview workshop to distinguish between the two hypotheses. The proponents consider that the hypothesis of atleast two stocks with mixing in the research area is the hypothesis better supported by the genetic and nongenetic data (see explanation of the rational in Pastene and Goto, 2016). However they will complete theadditional analyses suggested by the time of the 2018 IWC SC meeting.
The proponents consider that the work associated with recommendation 03 has lower priority among theremaining recommendations as this topic is not related to the main objectives of NEWREP-A. However they will
present a document responding to this recommendation at the 2018 IWC SC meeting.

2

Recommendation related to effect of catches on stocks
27: Provide additional analyses on effect of catches upon the stocks…
The proponents had provided results based on one application of the CLA and by using the program Fitter. The
NEWREP-A review workshop agreed that the conclusion that catches of the order of 333 every 2 nd year form
these analyses will not harm the stocks is very likely robust to the analytical method applied (IWC, 2016a).
Therefore the proponents see no real need to implement this recommendation.
The NEWREP-A review workshop main rationale for this recommendation was that the application of the CLA
was not based on the RMP variant that had been recommended by the Scientific Committee in 1992. The
proponents’ responses to this rationale are a) the recommendation regarding the use of RMP ISTs to assess theeffect of catches has not been accepted by the IWC SC, and b) there was little information on stock structure in
1992 so that ISTs at that time are no longer realistic given the stock structure related data collected in the interim.
The calculations already presented relate to a more realistic stock structure than that assumed for these trials,
which the IWC SC has in any case not revisited for over 20 years, rendering them out of date.
Recommendations related to sighting survey design
06: Estimate g(0) for all species.
07: (1) Review survey design and methods…, (2) Work closely with the IWC Scientific Committee, (3) Ensurethat future survey plans follow fully the guidelines...
Survey design and protocols with both the IO and closing modes were implemented during the dedicatedsighting surveys in Area IV in 2014/15 (Matsuoka et al., 2015), in Area IV in 2015/16 (Isoda et al., 2016), andin Area V in 2016/17 (Isoda et al., 2017). The analysis of data collected will allow the estimation of g(0) forlarge whales.
Research plans including the elements in the recommendations above have been presented annually to the IWC
SC (GOJ, 2015a for the survey in 2016/17; Hakamada et al., 2016 for the survey in 2016/17), and the researchplans have been endorsed by the Committee. The plan for the survey in 2017/18 is presented to the IWC SC in
Hakamada et al., 2017).
Therefore the proponents have responded to these recommendations by working closely with the ScientificCommittee and ensuring that the surveys plan follow fully the guidelines approved by the Committee.
Recommendation related to feeding ecology and ecosystem modeling
21: Compare overlap in diet amongst fin and Antarctic minke whales using stable isotopes…
23: Investigate stable isotopes along edge of baleen plates…
25: Provide an improved outline of the proposed ecosystem and multispecies model structures…
The study related to recommendation 21 involves two steps: the first is the stable isotope analyses of the preyspecies (krill) samples to ensure the correct determination of stable isotope baselines; and the second is stable
isotope analyses of skin samples of Antarctic minke whales and of biopsy samples of fin and humpback whales.
At this juncture, the stable isotope analyses of four Antarctic krill samples and of 16 Antarctic minke whale skinsamples have been conducted. The isotope value of δ13C and δ15N at the base of four krill samples were 26.90±0.45‰ and 3.68+0.36‰, respectively. The isotope value of δ13C and δ15N at the base of 16 skin samplesof Antarctic minke whales were -25.04±0.43‰ and 7.26+0.61‰, respectively. Further analyses will be
conducted on additional samples to obtain a correct determination of stable isotope baselines. This study is being
carry out in collaboration with the Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Change Analysis, Field Science Center for
Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University. Final results will be presented to the mid-term review meeting.
Regarding recommendation 23, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios will be determined along edge of thebaleen plates of 10-20 Antarctic minke whale baleen plates. Each baleen plate will be examined at around 20
places following Mitani et al. (2006). The analysis of baleen plates from ten Antarctic minke whales sampled by
the NEWREP-A in the Ross sea in 2016 were already conducted to understand annual cycle of nitrogen andcarbon, and to estimate prey species among five potential prey species: Antarctic krill, Ice krill, silver fish,
Australian krill and Australian pelagic fish. The annual cycle of nitrogen in baleen plates was 7.7±2.0cm(mean±SD, range: 6.0-10.0cm), while no constant cycle was observed in carbon. The stable isotopic values at thebase of baleens in carbon and nitrogen were -25.01±0.49‰ and 7.03+0.33‰, respectively. Assuming that the3trophic enrichment factor in this species is the same as that in fin whales (2.77‰), the Antarctic krill was themost likely prey as the difference in nitrogen between the baleen and prey was the minimum (3.48‰) among
five potential prey species. No seasonal variation in carbon suggested that they were fasting after feeding in the
Antarctic, while there were two individuals which had a nitrogen cycle of more than 12cm in baleen plates. The
extended period of nitrogen cycle suggested that they remained at the Antarctic to save their energy and toaccumulate the energy for their growth to prepare for the next year by skipping migration to the breeding
grounds. This study is being carried out in collaboration with the Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere,
Hokkaido University. Final results will be presented to the 2018 IWC SC meeting.
An update of the Mori-Butterworth Antarctic ecosystem model (recommendation 25), taking JARPA and
JARPAII data into account, is well advanced by a university student for a post-graduate thesis. The decision has
been made to await the results from this work to provide further basis upon which to improve the outline
provided previously. A summary of results from this work will be presented to the EM sub-committee at thisyear’s IWC SC meeting.
Recommendation related to krill survey
14: Consider the adoption of this multibeam sonar in krill surveys
15: Trial the ship and echosounder system(s) in Japan well before going to the Antarctic…
16: When both NEWREP-A and CCAMLR-type surveys are conducted, try to survey the same transects…
17: Conduct full analysis of statistical power to detect changes in krill…
18: Develop more detailed plans to consider whether comparisons between stomach contents and…
19: Ensure that sufficient time is allocated for adequate net sampling…
20: Give careful consideration to scale and design of oceanographic sampling…
Two kinds of krill surveys are being planned/implemented: Whale Sighting Vessel-Based Krill Surveys (WSKS)
and CCAMLR-Type Dedicated Krill Surveys (CTKS). For the design and implementation of these two kinds ofsurveys, the proponents have been consulting with CCAMLR specialists. The general plan for both kind of
surveys was presented to the 2015 meeting of the CCAMLR’s Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring andManagement (WG-EMM) (GOJ, 2015c), and useful input from the Working Group was received (CCAMLR,
2015).
Two WSKS surveys have been already conducted, the first in Area IV in 2015/16 (Wada et al., 2016) and thesecond in Area V in 2015/16 (Wada et al., 2017). The preliminary results of the first WSKS were presented to
the 2016 meetings of the CCAMLR’s Working Group on Statistics, Assessments and Modelling (WG-SAM) and
WG-EMM (Matsuoka et al., (2016). Again useful comments and suggestions were received from the specialists
in both Working Groups (CCAMLR, 2016a; 2016b).
The research plan of the first CTKS will be presented to the 2017 meetings of the WG-SAM and WG-EMM, andthe plan will be revised and improved by incorporating the suggestions from the specialists in both Working
Groups. The first CTKS is planned for 2018/19.
In response to recommendation 15 above, calibration of the echosounder system (EK 80) has been conducted inJapan before the start of the 2015/16 and 2016/2017 WDKS. Details are provided in Wada et al. (2016; 2017).
All other recommendations will be addressed in consultation with CCAMLR specialists when the CTKS starts.
Recommendations related to development of new non-lethal techniques for Antarctic minke whale
04: Comprehensive biopsy sampling feasibility study
05: Comprehensive telemetry feasibility study
08: Examine feasibility of using DNA methylation ageing technique with Antarctic minke whale…
09: Examine use of hormones in blubber to detect sexual maturity
22: Develop a more powerful approach to estimating energy intake using a bioenergetics model…
24: Use ‘non-lethal’ techniques on all animals; develop ‘condition indices’…
Explanation of the design of the biopsy sampling feasibility studies (Recommendation 04) has been included in
the research plans for the dedicated sighting surveys presented annually to, and endorsed by the IWC SC (GOJ,
2015a; Hakamada et al., 2016). The design has considered all elements in the recommendation. Results of thefeasibility study conducted in Area IV in 2015/16 were presented by Isoda et al. (2016), and those obtained inthe

4study conducted in Area V in 2016/17 are presented by Isoda et al. (2017). A Generalized Linear Model (GLM)
used to compare the efficiency between biopsy and lethal sampling, indicated that the success of biopsy
sampling was significantly lower than the lethal sampling (Isoda et al., 2017). Final results will be presented to
the 2018 IWC SC annual meeting.
Explanation of the design of the telemetry feasibility studies (Recommendation 05) has been included in
the research plans for the dedicated sighting surveys presented annually to, and endorsed by the IWC SC (GOJ,
2015a; Hakamada et al., 2016). The design has considered all elements in the recommendation. Results of thefeasibility study conducted in Area IV in 2015/16 were presented by Isoda et al. (2016), and those obtained inthe
study conducted in Area V in 2016/17 are presented by Isoda et al. (2017). The focus on the first feasibility
studies was on the attachment system, which was improved in the second study. Details of the attachment system,
effort, number of successful trial and tracking of the whales are shown in Isoda et al. (2016; 2017). Final results
will be presented to the 2018 IWC SC annual meeting.
The plan for the feasibility study on DNA methylation (recommendation 08) was presented by GOJ (2015b). A
total of 100 samples for which earplug readings were considered excellent or good were selected for the DNA
methylation study. The selection of samples considered different years and sex. The feasibility study is being
conducted using two approaches, pyrosequencing method and direct sequencing method. The former is being
applied in collaboration with Riken Genesis Co. while the latter with the Laboratory of Biology of the Azabu
University School of Veterinary Medicine and Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine. DNA methylation
changes were identified at the Antarctic minke whale genes homologous to the humpback whales. The procedurefor identification of age-related DNA methylation site (CpG) and measurement of methylation level followed
previous study on humpback whale by Polanowski et al. (2014). DNA methylation rate of seven CpGs on threedifferent loci were scored successfully. Furthermore regression analyses of each CpG against age (determined byearplug reading) were conducted. The regression coefficients of each CpG were lower than in the case of the
humpback whale study. The next step will involve multiple linear regressions analyses for combined CpG. Final
results of the feasibility study will be presented to the 2018 IWC SC annual meeting. Depending on the results
and evaluation, further analyses could be conducted considering other whale species and a larger number of loci.
The plan for the feasibility study on hormone in blubber (recommendation 09) was presented by GOJ (2015b).
The idea here is to estimate reproductive status in females using the concentration of progesterone in blubber,with appropriate accuracy. To this end, a total of 230 female blubber samples (157 pregnant, 17 non-pregnant
and mature, and 56 immature) of Antarctic minke whales from Area IV and V sampled in the 2015/16
NEWREP-A survey will be analyzed by ELISA assay, using Crocodile mini-workstation (Titertek-Berthold).
The hormone extractions from blubber samples and ELISA assay follow mainly the procedure by Nagata et al.
(1996) and Pérez et al. (2011), respectively. The analytical validation and procedure are consulted with theFaculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. Measurement of progesterone in theabove indicated blubber samples are ongoing. These data will be compared with reproductive information (fromanatomical studies on ovaries) to evaluate the feasibility of this progesterone technique to determine
reproductive status. As blubber can be obtained by biopsy samples, this technique can potentially be used by
non-lethal means. Final results will be presented to the 2018 IWC SC annual meeting.
Recommendations 22 and 24 involves a huge task and thus needs careful consideration. Biopsy samples whichmight be used for the tuning of bioenergetics model have already been collected. More time is required for the
discussions to plan the details of such an exercise to take place.
Recommendations related to other topics
28: Improve mechanisms for co-operative research
29: Provide information on programme management, personnel and logistic resources
Regarding recommendation 28, the proponents have already posted a formal protocol for outside scientists tosubmit proposals for both field and analytical work. Expanded information on the mechanisms for co-operative
research was presented in the revised research plan proposal for NEWREP-NP (GOJ, 2017), which is also valid
for NEWREP-A (see section 6 and Annexes 20 and 22 of the NEWREP-NP revised research proposal).
Expanded information and explanation of the logistics and project management was presented in the revised
research proposal for NEWREP-NP (GOJ, 2017), which is also valid for NEWREP-A. In particular refer tosection 5 and Annex 21 of the research proposal.

5

REFERENCES
CCAMLR. 2015. Report of the Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management (Warsaw, Poland, 6
to 17 July 2015).
CCAMLR. 2016a. Report of the Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management (Bologna, Italy, 4
to 15 July 2016).
CCAMLR. 2016b. Report of the Working Group on Statistics, Assessments and Modelling (Genoa, Italy, 27
June to 1 July 2016).
Government of Japan. 2015a. Proponents’ preliminary response to the Report of the Expert Panel to review the
proposal for NEWREP-A. Paper SC/66a/SP1 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee. May 2015
(unpublished). 33pp.
Government of Japan. 2015b. Proponents’ additional responses to the Report of the Expert Panel to review the
proposal for NEWREP-A. Paper SC/66a/SP8 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee. May 2015
(unpublished). 37pp.
Government of Japan. 2015c. Information on Japan’s plan for krill surveys in East Antarctic. Paper WG-EMM15/43 presented to the CCAMLR-WG-EMM.
Government of Japan. 2016a. Results of the analytical works on NEWREP-A recommendations. Paper
SC/66b/SP10 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee. June 2016 (unpublished). 23pp.
Government of Japan. 2016b. Progress report of the work conducted by the proponents in response to IWC
Scientific Committee’s recommendations on NEWREP-A. Paper SC/66b/SP09 presented to the IWC ScientificCommittee. June 2016 (unpublished). 23pp.
Government of Japan. 2017. Revised Research Plan for New Scientific Whale Research Program in the western
North Pacific (NEWREP-NP) (unpublished).
Hakamada, T., Matsuoka, K. and Pastene, L.A. 2016. Research plan for the NEWREP-A dedicated sighting
survey in the Antarctic in 2016/17. Paper SC/66b/IA4 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee. June 2016
(unpublished).12pp.
Hakamada, T., Matsuoka, K. and Pastene, L.A. 2017. Research plan for the NEWREP-A dedicated sighting
survey in the Antarctic in 2017/18. Paper SC/67a/ASI presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2017
(unpublished). 11pp.
International Whaling Commission. 2016a. Report of the expert panel to review the proposal by Japan for
NEWREP-A. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 17: 507-553.
International Whaling Commission. 2016b. Report of the Scientific Committee. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 17: 193.
International Whaling Commission. 2017. Report of the Scientific Committee. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 18(Suppl.): in press.
Isoda, T., Kawabe, S., Ohkoshi, C., Mogoe, T. and Matsuoka, K., 2016. Results of the NEWREP-A dedicatedsighting survey in Area IV during the 2015/16 austral summer season. Paper SC/66b/IA5 presented to the IWC
Scientific Committee. June 2016 (unpublished). 25pp.
Isoda, T., Konishi, K., Yamaguchi, F., Kawabe, S., Moriyama, R., Kasai, H., Igarashi, Y., Mogoe, T. andMatsuoka, K. 2017. Results of the NEWREP-A dedicated sighting survey during the 2016/17 austral summer
season. Paper SC/67a/ASI presented to the IWC Scientific Committee. May 2017 (unpublished). 26pp.

6

Kitakado, T. 2016. Annex Q2: Further comparison of the trajectories of SCAA-estimated CV for recruitment
rates and recruitment estimates. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 17 (Suppl.): 417-419.
Kitakado, T. and Butterworth D.S. 2017. Annex T3. On the role of age data in the performance of the modified
CLA introduced in SC/66b/SP10. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 18 (Suppl.): in press.
Kitakado, T. 2017. Annex T5. Uncertainty in the overdispersion parameter in beta-binomial model assessed witha relative log-likelihood profile function. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 18 (Suppl.): in press.
Matsuoka, K., Tsunekawa, M., Yamaguchi, F., Honma, H., Ohkoshi, C. and Abe, N. 2015. Cruise report of the
2014/15 Japanese dedicated whale sighting survey in the Antarctic in Area IV. Paper SC/66a/IA7 presented to
the IWC Scientific Committee, May 2015 (unpublished). 21pp.
Matsuoka, K., Wada, A., Isoda, T., Mogoe, T., and L.A. Pastene. 2016. Preliminary results of a dedicatedcetacean sighting vessel-based krill survey in East Antarctica (115°–130°E) during the 2015/16 austral summer
season. Paper WG-SAM-16/38 presented to the CCAMLR-WG-SAM and EMM.
Mitani, Y., Bando, T., Takai, N. and Sakamoto, W. 2006. Patterns of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in thebaleen of common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata from the western North Pacific. Fish. Sci. 72: 6976.
Nagata, S., Kondou, M., Kaneko, H., Araki, K., Nambo, Y., Oikawa, M., Watanabe, G. and Taya, K. 1996. A
simple defatting method using a partition method of acetonitrile and n-hexane for radioimmunoassay of low
blood levels of estradiol-17β. Journal of Reproduction and Development 42: j43-j49.
Pastene P.A. and Goto, M. 2016. Genetic characterization and population genetic structure of the Antarctic
minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis in the Indo‑Pacific region of the Southern Ocean. Fish. Sci. 82(6): 873886.
Pérez, S., García-López, Á., De Stephanis, R., Giménez, J., García-Tiscar, S., Verborgh, P., Mancera, J. M. andMartínez-Rodriguez, G. 2011. Use of blubber levels of progesterone to determine pregnancy in free-ranging live
cetaceans. Marine Biology 158: 1677-1680.
Polanowski, A.M., Robbins, L., Chandler, D. and Jarman, S.N. 2014. Epigenetic estimation of age in humpback
whales. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 14(5): 976-987.
Punt, A., Hakamada, T., Bando, T. and Kitakado, T. 2014. Assessment of Antarctic minke whales using
statistical catch-at-age analysis (SCAA). J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 14:93-116.
Wada, A., Isoda, T., Ohkoshi, C. and Tamura, T., 2016. Results of the 2015/16 NEWREP-A Sighting Survey
Vessel-Based Krill Survey in the Antarctic Area IV. Paper SC/66b/EM3 presented to the IWC ScientificCommittee. June 2016 (unpublished). 6pp.
Wada, A., Konishi, K., Banjo, S., Kasai, H., Igarashi, Y. and Mogoe, T. 2017. Result of the 2016/17 NEWREPA Sighting Survey Vessel-Based Krill Survey in the Antarctic Area V-W. Paper SC/67a/EM presented to the
IWC Scientific Committee, May 2017 (unpublished). 9pp.

7