医学部専門予備校
医学部専門予備校メルリックス英進館
医学部専門予備校 YMS 医学部進学予備校メビオ

解答速報

福岡校

東海大学医学部㸱㸲㸳

2022年2月3日実施

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英語

ၥ 13㸴

(1) ࡓ࡜࠼ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸᭷ேᏱᐂ⯪ࢆᘓ㐀ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᮍࡔඞ᭹࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸㞀ᐖࡢ୍ࡘࡀ㸪⏕࿨⥔ᣢࢆ୙ྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿ࡯࡝ᕼⷧ࡞኱Ẽ୰࡛༑ศ࡞㔞ࡢỈ࡜㓟⣲ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(2) ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ே㢮ࡀᝨᫍ㛫᪑⾜ࢆ⾜࡞࠼ࡿ࡯࡝⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪⤖ᒁࡣࡍࡄ࡟Ὕ❍ᬽࡽࡋ࡟ᡠࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺࡞ࡽ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ⓶⫗࡜ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ(ูゎ)ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡶࡋே㢮ࡀᝨᫍ㛫᪑⾜ࢆྍ⬟࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡃࡽ࠸ࡲ࡛ᢏ⾡㠃࡛㐍໬ࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪⤖ᒁࡍࡄ࡟Ὕ❍⏕ά࡟ᡠࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ⓶⫗࡞ࡋ࡟ࡣࡍ
ࡲ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
(1)

A patient paralyzed from the neck down due to spinal cord injury had electrodes implanted in thebrain area controlling motor function.

(ูゎ)

A patient with paralysis from the neck down due to the spinal cord injury was equipped withelectrodes in the brain regions in charge of motor function.
(2)

If a device is invented that can monitor your brain no matter what you are thinking about,
however, it will further complicate the issue of personal information protection.

(ูゎ)However, the invention of brain-scanning devices, designed to understand any of yourthoughts, will further complicate the issue of privacy protection.

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸯
ၥ1ࠕ➨ 1 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢚ࠕ࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜࣟ࢖ࢫࡢᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡓ᏶⎍ࡉࡸኻᩋ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡣ௒᪥࡛ࡶࡲࡔ࠶ࡾࡩࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࠋ➨ 1 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ๓༙ࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࡇࡢ⪃࠼ࡣ௒᪥࡛ࡶ㸪බ⚾ࢆၥࢃࡎከࡃࡢேࠎࡢ⏕άࡢ୍㒊࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ2

ࠕ➨ 2 ẁⴠ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪(A)bump in the road ࡟ព࿡ࡀ᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ࡢࡣ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ

ṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕᅔ㞴ࠖࠋ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡜➨ 4 ᩥ࡛ࡣࠕㄔᐇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ᏶⎍୺⩏⪅࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ேࠖ࡜ࠕ᏶⎍୺⩏⪅ࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿኻᩋࡢཷࡅṆࡵ᪉ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ “fails in atask” ࢆྡモ࡜ࡋ࡚ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡓࡶࡢࡀ “bump in the road” ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪┤๓ࡢ “the same” ࡜࠸࠺ಟ㣭࠿ࡽண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ၥ3ࠕ➨ 2 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㹝㹝㹝㹝ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕ୍⯡࡟⌮ゎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᏶⎍୺⩏ࡢᐃ⩏ࡣ୙ṇ☜࡛࠶ࡿࠖࠋ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞
ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ᏶⎍୺⩏ࡣࡼࡃㄗࡗ࡚ㄔᐇࡉ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ㄔᐇࡉ࡜ࡣ┠ᶆࢆᐃࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡼ࠺࡜⇕ᚰ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ࡜࠸࠺≉ᛶࡢࡇ࡜ࡔ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ

ၥ4ࠕ➨ 3 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ṇࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡢࡣḟࡢ࠺ࡕ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕFMPS ࡣ៏ᛶ⑌ᝈࡢⓎ⑕࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚᏶⎍୺⩏ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࠖࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞グ㏙ࡣぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㏫࡟࢔௨እࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜㸪࢖ࠕࢡ࣮ࣟࣥ⑓ࢆᝈ࠺᏶⎍୺⩏⪅ࡣࡑࡢ⑌ᝈࡢᙳ㡪࡟ᑐฎࡍࡿࡢ࡟ࡼࡾⱞປࡍࡿࠖࡣྠẁⴠ➨ 4 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࢘ࠕᚰ⮚㞀ᐖࡢᝈ⪅ࡣ᏶⎍୺⩏ࡢࡏ࠸࡛ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ⿕ࡿࠖࡣྠẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࢚ࠕᐙ᪘࡟ࡼࡗุ࡚᩿ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᏶⎍୺⩏⪅࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ୙Ᏻࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡣྠẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

ၥ5ࠕ➨ 4 ẁⴠෆࡢ[1]࡟ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶࡼࡃ⨨ࡁ᥮ࢃࡿࡶࡢࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕྠᵝ࡟ࠖࠋ➨ 4 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣ᏶⎍୺⩏⪅࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿᡂຌ⪅ࡀ⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠẁⴠ➨ 2, 3 ᩥ࡛ࡣࢸࢽࢫ㑅ᡭࡢࢭ࣮ࣜࢼ࣭࢘࢕ࣜ࢔࣒ࢬ㸪➨ 4, 5 ᩥ࡛ࡣᫎ⏬┘╩ࢫࢱ࣮࣭࣮ࣥࣜ࢟ࣗࣈ
ࣜࢵࢡ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ 2 ேࡣ࡜ࡶ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢศ㔝࡛ᡂຌࢆ཰ࡵࡓ᏶⎍୺⩏⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࠕ௜ຍࠖࡢ᥋⥆ⓗ๪モࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ၥ6ࠕ➨ 4 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㹝㹝㹝㹝ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕ࢘࢕ࣜ࢔࣒ࢬ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪຾฼ࢆᴦࡋࡴẼᣢࡕࡼࡾࡶᩋ໭ࢆ᎘࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡢ᪉ࡀ຾ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿࠖࠋ➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕᙼዪࡀゝ࠺࡟ࡣ㸪຾฼ࢆዲࡴẼᣢࡕࡢᙉࡉࡼࡾࡶᩋ໭ࢆ᎘࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡢᙉࡉࡀ຾ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᙼዪࡣኻᮃࡢឤ᝟ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ḟࡢヨྜ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡢࡸࡿẼࢆዧ࠸❧ࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ

ၥ7ࠕ➨ 4 ẁⴠࡢ୺࡞┠ⓗࡣࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠖ

ṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕ๓ẁⴠ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓ⪃࠼࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯ㄽࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠖࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢦ࣮ࢻ࣭ࣥࣇࣞࢵ
ࢺ༤ኈࡀ FMPS ࡜࠸࠺᏶⎍୺⩏ࢆᐃ㔞໬ࡍࡿᇶ‽ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪⑌ᝈ࡬ࡢ཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾ᏶⎍୺⩏ࡢཬࡰࡍᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡿ࡜㸪᏶⎍୺⩏ࡢ㈇ࡢഃ㠃ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚
➨ 4 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣ➨ 1 ᩥ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪᏶⎍୺⩏⪅ࡢྰᐃࡋࡀࡓ࠸೧ᴗࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᏶⎍୺⩏࡜ᡂຌࡢ㛵㐃㸪ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡿ࡜㸪᏶⎍୺⩏ࡢṇࡢഃ㠃ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ၥ8ࠕ➨ 5 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪᏶⎍୺⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡣ࡝ࡢグ㏙࠿ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢚ࠕ࢔ࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡢᡂຌࡣ⦎⩦᫬㛫ࡼࡾࡶ᏶⎍୺⩏࡜ࡼࡾᐦ᥋࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠋ➨ 5 ẁⴠ
➨ 2 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ㹼㸪᏶⎍୺⩏⪅ࡢ♧ࡍᛶྥࡼࡾࡶ⦎⩦᫬㛫ࡢ᪉ࡀᡂຌࢆணࡍࡿ኱ࡁ࡞せᅉ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࢔ࣥࢻ࣮࣭ࣜࣗࣄࣝᩍᤵࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

ၥ9ࠕ➨ 6 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪᏶⎍୺⩏ࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕࡇࡢ 10 ᖺ࡛Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕࡢ୰࡛ࡉࡽ࡟ᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠋ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑ
ࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࡉࡽ࡟ⱝ࠸ᖺ௦ࡶࡲࡓ௨๓ࡼࡾࡶᗈࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡲࡍࡲࡍከࡃ
ࡢᏊ౪ࡀࡇࡢ 10 ᖺ࡛᏶⎍୺⩏⪅ࡢ♧ࡍᛶྥࢆぢࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ

ၥ 10 ࠕ᭱⤊ẁⴠ࡛㸪࣐ࢵࢺ࣭ࣉ࣐࣮ࣛࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࡇ࡜ࢆᥦၐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕ௵ົࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿࡢ࡟㛗࠸᫬㛫࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠖࠋ᭱⤊ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡛㸪⏕⏘ᛶᨵၿ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢥ࣮ࢳࢆົࡵࡿ࣐ࢵࢺ࣭ࣉ࣐࣮ࣛࡢࠕຠ⋡ⓗ࡟ㄢ㢟ࢆ௙ୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᫬㛫
ࢆᾉ㈝ࡋ࡚᏶⎍ࢆồࡵࡿࡼࡾࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ຓゝࡀ⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ၥ 11 ࠕ᭱⤊ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㹝㹝㹝㹝࡜᥎ࡉࢀࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕ᏶⎍ࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡯࡝♫఍ࡀ㔜どࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࡞࠸᫬ᮇ࡟ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜➹⪅ࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠋ᭱⤊ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡛ࡢ࣐ࢵࢺ࣭ࣉ࣐࣮ࣛࡢຓゝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㸪⥆ࡃ᭱⤊ᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕࡦࡻࡗ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜࣟ࢖ࢫࡢ 20 ୡ⣖ࡢࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࢆࣇ࢙࢖ࢫࣈࢵࢡࡢ CEO ࣐࣮ࢡ࣭ࢨࢵ࣮࢝ࣁ࣮ࢢ
ࡢᣦᑟཎ๎ࠗ᏶⎍ࡼࡾ᏶ᡂࡀ኱஦࠘࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡿ᫬ᮇ࡟᮶࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ 12 ࠕᮏᩥࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡞ࡶࡢࡣ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖ
ṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕ᏶⎍ࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࡶࡓࡽࡍၥ㢟ࠖࠋ➨ 1 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ࠕࡇࡢ⪃࠼㸦᏶⎍࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ
࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸧ࡣ௒᪥࡛ࡶ㸪බ⚾ࢆၥࢃࡎከࡃࡢேࠎࡢ⏕άࡢ୍㒊࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪◊✲ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡑࡢ⪃࠼ࡣ⚾ࡓࡕ࡟฼┈ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶᐖࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪➹⪅ࡢ୺ᙇࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᚋ࡟⥆ࡃẁⴠࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ୺ᙇ࡟㛵ࡍࡿලయⓗグ㏙࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ၥ 13 ࠕᮏᩥ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚㸪㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢᩥࡀṇࡋࡅࢀࡤ “T” ࢆ㸪ㄗࡾ࡞ࡽࡤ “F” ࢆ࣐࣮ࢡࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠖ
1. ࠕ᏶⎍୺⩏ࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢᡂᯝࡼࡾࡶ⮬ᕫീ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᐦ࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ṇゎࡣ Tࠋ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ࠕࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⪅ࡢ♧ࡍ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪᏶⎍୺⩏ࡢᮏ㉁࡜ࡣ㸪ேࠎࡀఱࢆᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡿ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⮬ศࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ࡝࠺ᛮ࠺࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋ
2. ࠕࢦ࣮ࢻ࣭ࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺ࡜࢔ࣥࢻ࣮࣭ࣜࣗࣄࣝࡣ࡝ࡕࡽࡶ㸪᏶⎍୺⩏⪅ࡣᅔ㞴࡟┤㠃ࡋࡓ᫬࡟ࡑ࠺
࡛࡞࠸ேࡼࡾࡶⱞປࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ドᣐࢆぢࡘࡅࡓࠖṇゎࡣ Tࠋࡲࡎࣇࣞࢵࢺ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ➨ 3 ẁⴠ࡛ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪➨ 4 ᩥ࡟ࠕࣇࣞࢵࢺࡢ◊✲ࡣ㸪ࢡ࣮ࣟࣥ⑓ࡢࡼ࠺࡞៏ᛶ⑌ᝈ࡜࠸࠺デ᩿ࢆཷࡅࡓேࠎ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪᏶⎍୺⩏ࢆ㸪⑕≧ࡸ QOL ࡢపୗ࡟ឤ᝟㠃࡛࠺ࡲࡃᢡࡾྜ࠸ࢆࡘࡅࡿ⬟ຊ࡟Ḟࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ➨ 5 ᩥ࡟ࡶࠕᚰ⮚⑓ࡢࣜࣁࣅࣜᝈ⪅࡟㛵ࡍࡿูࡢ◊✲ࡢ୰࡛㸪᏶⎍୺⩏⪅ࡣ௚ࡢᝈ⪅ࡼࡾࡶᅇ᚟ࡀ㐜࠸ࡇ࡜࡟Ẽ࡙࠸ࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋḟ࠸࡛ࣄࣝ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ➨ 5 ẁⴠ࡛ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪➨ 4 ᩥ࡟ࠕ᏶⎍୺⩏ࡢ࢔ࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡣኻᩋࡍࡿ࡜㸪᏶⎍୺⩏࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࢔ࢫ࣮ࣜࢺࡀᛮ࠺௨ୖ࡟⮬ศࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ᜝ࡎ࠿ࡋࡃᛮ࠸㸪❧ࡕ┤ࡿࡢ࡟ࡶ᫬㛫ࡀࡼࡾ᥃࠿ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋ
3. ࠕ࠶ࡿ◊✲࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ♧ࡍ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ㸪኱Ꮫ⏕ࡀ᏶⎍୺⩏࡛࠶ࡿ๭ྜࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᩘ༑ᖺᶓࡤ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
ṇゎࡣ Fࠋ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ࠕ࢔࣓࣭ࣜ࢝࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࣭࢝ࢼࢲࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕ 40,000 ே௨ୖࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ
◊✲ࡢ࣓ࢱ࣭࢔ࢼࣜࢩࢫ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪1986 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2016 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚᏶⎍୺⩏ࡢ๭ྜࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣㄗࡾࠋ
4. ࠕ஧༸ᛶ཮⏕ඣࡢ᪉ࡀ୍༸ᛶ཮⏕ඣࡼࡾࡶ FMPS ࡛ఝࡓホ౯ࢆཷࡅࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠖṇゎࡣ Fࠋ➨ 6 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ࠕ292 ⤌ࡢ཮Ꮚࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ 2012 ᖺ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ◊✲࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㑇ఏᬯྕࢆ 100%ඹ᭷ࡍࡿ୍༸ᛶ཮⏕ඣࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪50%ࡋ࠿ඹ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸஧༸ᛶ཮⏕ඣࡼࡾࡶ㸪
FMPS ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࡼࡃఝ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣㄗࡾࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸰
1.

࢘to limitᙧᘧ┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᙧᘧ┠ⓗㄒ it ࡀᣦࡍࡶࡢ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ᙧ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪 ࢘ “to limit” ࡀṇゎࠋ“~, making it necessary to limit smoking areas to places where….”ࠕ㹼ႚ↮ᡤࢆ͐ሙᡤ࡟㝈ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࠖ2.

࢚lying buried deep in<lie C> ࡢᙧ࡛ࠕC ࡢࡲࡲᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪ᶓࡓࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟࡞ࡾ㸪 buried ࡀ C ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࠋdeep ࡣࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ๪モࠕ῝ࡃࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪┤ᚋࡢ๓⨨モྃ “in the sea”ࢆಟ㣭ࡋ࡚ࠕᾏࡢዟ῝ࡃ࡟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
“~ make use of the material lying buried deep in the sea.”ࠕᾏࡢዟ῝ࡃ࡟ᇙࡶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≀㉁ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࠖ3.

࢘

whose✵ᡤ┤ᚋࡣ᏶඲ᩥࡢࡓࡵ ࢔ that㸪࢖ which ࡣ୙ྍࠋ┤ᚋ࡟ habitat ࡀ↓ෙモ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪✵ᡤ┤๓ࡢ one (= a spider) ࢆඛ⾜モ࡜ࡍࡿᡤ᭷᱁ࡢ㛵ಀ௦ྡモࢆ⾲ࡍ ࢘ whose ࡀṇゎࠋ “whose habitat” = “a spider’s habitat” ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡜Ⰻ࠸ࠋ
“~ one whose habitat has lots of food but not enough sunshine.”ࠕ㣗⣊ࡣ㇏ᐩࡔࡀ᪥ගࡀ༑ศ࡟ᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸⏕ᜥ⎔ቃࢆࡶࡘࢡࣔࠖ

4.

࢚

no worse than<no worse than ~> ࡛ࠕ㹼ࡶྠ↛㸪㹼࡜ྠᵝࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
“~ the air quality in airplane cabins was no worse than that in theaters or other densely-populated
enclosed areas.”ࠕ㹼ᶵෆࡢ✵Ẽࡢ≧ែࡣ๻ሙࡸ௚ࡢேࡀከ࠸ᐦ㛢✵㛫࡜ྠ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖ

5.

࢖

dealt
<deal with ~> ࡛ࠕ㹼ࢆᢅ࠺㸪㹼࡟ᑐฎࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟࡞ࡿࠋ with ࡢ┤ᚋ࡟┠ⓗㄒࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪✵ᡤ┤๓ࡢ “the issues” ࢆಟ㣭ࡋࡓ㐣ཤศモᙧࢆ⾲ࡍ ࢖ “dealt” ࡀṇゎࠋ“~ both the pros and cons of the issues dealt with should be taken into consideration.”ࠕᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿㄽⅬࡢ㈶ᡂពぢ࡜཯ᑐពぢࡢ୧᪉ࢆ⪃៖ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ

6.

࢔

to have caused✵ᡤ┤๓ࡢ said ࡣ <be said to do ~> ࠕ㹼ࡍࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪✵ᡤ┤ᚋ࡟ࡣ “the defeat of ~” ࡜࠸࠺ྡモࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪⬟ືࢆ⾲ࡍ ࢔ “to havecaused” ࡀṇゎࠋ
“A lack of transparency ~ can be said to have caused the defeat of that political party.”ࠕ㹼㏱᫂ᛶࡢ୙㊊ࡀࡑࡢᨻඪࡢᩋ໭ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠖ

7.

࢔to✵ᡤ௨㝆࡟࠶ࡿ devote ࡣ <devote A to B> ࠕA ࢆ B ࡟ᤝࡆࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛
ࡣ㸪 “they devote their lives to a cause” ࡜࠸࠺ᩥࡀ㛵ಀモ⠇ࡢඖ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ“a cause” ࡣࠕ୺⩏㸪┠ᶆ㸪኱⩏ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
“I cannot but admire people who are passionate about a cause to which they devote their lives.”ࠕ1 ࡘࡢ୺⩏࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ክ୰࡟࡞ࡾ㸪⮬ࡽࡢே⏕ࢆᤝࡆࡿே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⚾ࡣឤჃࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠖ

8.

࢘basing her research on✵ᡤ௨㝆ࡣ๪モⓗせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ basing ศモᵓᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ baseࡣ <base A on B> ࠕB ࡟ A ࡢᇶ♏ࢆ⨨ࡃࠖ(ཷືែ㸸 A is based on B ) ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࢀࡿ
ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪࢘ “basing her research on” ࡀṇゎࠋ“The author concludes that ~, basing her research on a massive five-year study.”ࠕࡑࡢⴭ⪅ࡣ 5 ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ኱つᶍࡢ◊✲ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸㸪㹼࡜⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠖҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

9.

࢖competitive
remain ࡣ <remain C> ࠕC ࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ C ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡢᙧ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋ “ourcompany” ࡢ⿵ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪 ࢖ competitive ࡀṇゎࠋ“~ globalization is necessary if our company is to remain competitive.”ࠕᡃࡀ♫ࡀ➇தࡋ⥆ࡅࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ10. ࢔

surprisedseem ࡣ <seem (to be) C> ࠕC ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠼ࡿࠖ ࡲࡓࡣ < seem to do ~ >ࡢᙧ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪“many of them (= the scientists)” ࡀ୺ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ ࢘ surprised ࠕ㦫࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠖ ࡀṇゎࠋ“~ many of them seemed surprised.”ࠕᙼࡽࡢከࡃࡣ㦫࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖ

㸱
1.

࢘

neverthelessࠕࡑࢀ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠖ

= even so2.

࢘of one’s own accordࠕ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟ࠖ

= voluntarily

3.

࢚

obstinatelyࠕ㡹࡜ࡋ࡚ࠖ

= stubbornly

4.

࢔

pact

ࠕ༠ᐃ㸪᮲⣙ࠖ= treaty5.

࢔disintegrateࠕᔂቯࡍࡿ㸪ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡟࡞ࡿࠖ = fall apart6.

࢚work outࠕ㹼ࢆぢᴟࡵࡿࠖ= determine7.

࢖

credibleࠕಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿࠖ

= trustworthy

8.

࢘proliferationࠕᛴቑ㸪ᣑᩓࠖ

= spread9.

࢖conspicuouslyࠕⴭࡋࡃ㸪┠❧ࡗ࡚ࠖ= notably10.

࢔synopsisࠕᴫせ㸪኱ពࠖ

= overview㸲1.

࢘ ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࢹ࢖ࣦࡀዲࡁ࡞ࢫࢸ࣮࢟ࡢㄪ⌮ἲ୰㸪ࡑࡢ 3 ࡘࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣḟࡢ୰ࡢ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖ2 ࡘ┠ࡢ Dave ࡢⓎゝ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟ “Just a bit of oil and a splash of cola on the steaks ~ ” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ
3 ࡘ┠ࡢ Dave ࡢⓎゝ➨ 5, 6 ᩥ࡟ “Four minutes on each side and they’ll be cooked to perfection:
medium rare. Let them sit for two minutes and then down the hatch.” ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࢫࢸ࣮࢟࡟ࢥ࣮ࣛࢆ࠿ࡅ㸪୧㠃ࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ 4 ศ↝ࡁ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ 2 ศ㛫↝࠸ࡓࢫࢸ࣮࢟ࢆᐷ࠿ࡏࡿࡸࡾ᪉ࡀࢹ
࢖ࣦࡢዲࡳࡔ࡜ㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ2.

࢘ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ᜍࡽࡃ㹝㹝㹝㹝࡛࠶ࡿࠖ2 ࡘ┠ࡢ Dave ࡢⓎゝ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟ “ ~, just like Dad taught us, right, Sharon?” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕ࠾∗ࡉࢇࡀ൅ࡓࡕ࡟ᩍ࠼ࡓࡢ࡜඲ࡃྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࡡࠋࡑ࠺ࡔࢁ㸪ࢩࣕࣟࣥ㸽ࠖ࡜Ⓨゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㒊ศࡢ us ࠿ࡽࢹ࢖ࣦ࡜ࢩࣕࣟࣥࡢ∗ぶࡀྠࡌ࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁ㸪2 ேࡣ඗ጒࡲࡓࡣጜᘵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ3.

࢔ࠕࢹ࢖ࣦࡣ “down the hatch,” ࡜Ⓨゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ3 ࡘ┠ࡢ Dave ࡢⓎゝ➨ 7 ᩥ࡟ “They taste better when they’re still hot.” ࡜Ⓨゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ୗ⥺㒊ࡢ࠶ࡿ Dave ࡢⓎゝ➨ 6 ᩥ “Let them sit for two minutes and then down the hatch.” ࡛ࡣ㸪2ศ㛫ᐷ࠿ࡏࡓᚋ࡟㣗࡭ࡿ᫬ࡢヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜᥎

4.

࢖࡛ࡁࡿࠋࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࢩࣕࣟࣥ࡜ࣂ࣮ࣜࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ఝࡓ⪃࠼ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
5 ࡘ┠ࡢ Dave ࡢⓎゝ➨ 3, 4 ᩥ࡟ “Barry, can you get the ketchup out of the fridge? It’ll go perfectlywith this sirloin.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢⓎゝࢆཷࡅ࡚㸪 Barry ࡀ “Ketchup on steak… Really?” ࡜㏉⟅ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ Sharon ࡀ “Yeah, are you kidding, Dave?” ࡜Ⓨゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾ࠿ࡽ㸪ࣂ࣮ࣜࡶࢩࣕࣟࣥࡶࢫࢸ࣮࢟࡟ࢣࢳࣕࢵࣉࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ྰᐃⓗ࡞ពぢࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ

5.

࢔ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㹝㹝㹝㹝ࡔ࡜᥎࡛ࡁࡿࠖ2 ࡘ┠ࡢ Carlos ࡢⓎゝ࡟ “What about that 2019 trophy for the chess team?” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࢳ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮࣒ࡣࢺࣟࣇ࢕࣮ࢆᤵ୚ࡉࢀࡿ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸࡜࢝ࣝࣟࢫࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ6.

࢚ࠕ࢝ࣝࣟࢫࡀ “blown away” ࡜ゝࡗࡓ㝿㸪࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㹝㹝㹝ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖୗ⥺㒊ࢆྵࡴ Carlos ࡢⓎゝ࡟⥆ࡃ㸪ḟࡢᩥ࡟ “Nobody thought they had a chance!” ࠕࢳ࢙ࢫࡢࢳ࣮࣒ࡀ㸦ᕞࡢ኱఍࡛ඃ຾ࡍࡿ㸧ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣㄡࡶᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾㄡࡶࡀࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟㦫Ⴣࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

7.

࢔ ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ḟࡢ࡝ࢀࡀ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠖ
4 ࡘ┠ࡢ Carlos ࡢⓎゝ࡟ “Did you know she got a university scholarship for next year partly based onher performance?” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢⓎゝࢆࣦ࢕ࣦ࢙ࢡࡀ⫯ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࣈࣛࣥࢹ࢕࣮࣭ࢫ࣑ࢫࡣḟᖺᗘࡢ኱ᏛࡢዡᏛ㔠ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

8.

࢖ࠕࣦ࢕ࣦ࢙ࢡ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㹝㹝㹝㹝ࠖ
6 ࡘ┠ࡢ Vivek ࡢⓎゝ࡟ “~ Yuki is the number-one singles player on the tennis team ~” 㸪ࡲࡓ “Tom,their leading pitcher ~” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࣦ࢙ࣦ࢙ࢵࢡࡣࣘ࢟㸪ࢺ࣒ࡢ཮᪉ࢆホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪᭱ᚋ࡟ “Whocan say who’s the better athlete?” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪࡝ࡕࡽࡀࡲࡉࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣุ᩿ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ㸳ၥ1 ࢔“off the cuff” ࡢព࿡࡜⏤᮶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ2 ࡛ “off the cuff” ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ “something done withoutrehearsal or much preparation” ࠕࣜࣁ࣮ࢧࣝࡸࡑࢀ࡟ఝࡓ⾜ືࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡋ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ༶⯆࡜ࡋࡓᚋ㸪ḟ࡟᮶ࡿᩥࡀ 1 ࠿ 4 ࠿࡛㑅ࡪᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ1 ࢆヂࡍ࡜ࠕࡑࢀࡣே๓࡛ヰࡍࡇ࡜ࡸࡑࢀ࡜ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞⾜Ⅽࡢ≧ἣࡢ୰࡛౑ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࡢᩥࡢ It ࡣ
“off the cuff” ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡛㸪2Ѝ1 ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋḟ࡟㸪4 ࡢ They ࡣ㸪3 ࡢ “publicspeakers” ࢆᣦࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ 3 ࡢ “writing last-minute notes on their shirt cuffs” ࠕࢩࣕࢶࡢ⿇࡟┤๓࡟ཎ✏ࢆ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࠖࡣ 4 ࡢ “read their notes by secretly glancing at their wrists” ࠕᡭ㤳ࢆࡇࡗࡑࡾ୍▌ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ཎ✏ࢆㄞࡴࠖ࡜ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋே๓࡛ヰࡍ㝿࡟㸪⿇࡟ࡇࡗࡑࡾཎ✏ࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡑࢀࢆ
ㄞࡴ࡜࠸࠺ὶࢀࡼࡾ㸪1 Ѝ 3 Ѝ 4 ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪2 Ѝ 1 Ѝ 3 Ѝ 4 ࡀṇゎࠋ

ၥ2 ࢚Ṕྐࢆグ᠈ࡋ㐣ཤ࠿ࡽᏛࡪ㔜せᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ3 ࡢ “this perspective” ࡜ࡣ㸪4 ࡢᩥ඲యࢆᣦࡍࠋ4 ࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕṔྐࡣᅜᐙࡢグ᠈࡛࠶ࡾ㸪グ᠈ࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ᡃࠎࡣ㐣ཤࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ㐠࿨࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ๓ᥦࡼࡾ㸪3 ࡛ࠕ♫఍ࡢⓎᒎ࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᕼᮃࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡢࡣ㸪⚾ࡓࡕࡀ㐣ཤࢆグ᠈ࡋ㸪㐣ཤ࠿ࡽᏛࡪ⬟ຊ࡞ࡢࡔࠖ࡜ᅜᐙࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ேࡀṔྐࡢグ㘓࡟㛵୚ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜
࠸࠺ὶࢀࡼࡾ㸪4 Ѝ 3 ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋ2 ࡢ “this process” ࡣ㸪3 ࡢ “remember and learn from our past”
ࢆᣦࡋ㸪1 ࡢ they ࡣ 2 ࡢ Historians ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪3 Ѝ 2 Ѝ 1 ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪4 Ѝ 3
Ѝ 2 Ѝ 1 ࡀṇゎࠋ

ၥ 3 ࢖ ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⏬ᐙࢧࢩ࣭ࣕࢪࣕࣇࣜࡀ “The Journey of Humanity” ࡜࠸࠺⾲㢟ࡢᕧ኱࡞⤮⏬ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ⤒⦋࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ3 ࡢ it ࡣ㸪1 ࡢ “a painting called The Journey of Humanity” ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪1Ѝ3 ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋ2 ࡢ “this unexpected free time” ࡣ 3 ࡢ “that all his projects for the year had been canceled”࡜ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪3 Ѝ 2 ࡛ィ⏬ࡀ୰Ṇ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽᛮ࠸ࡀࡅ࡞࠸⮬⏤᫬㛫ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ὶ
ࢀ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪2 ࡢ “a 1,980-square-meter canvas” ࡜ 4 ࡢ “the world’s largest painting, the sizeof two football fields” ࡜ࡀᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪2 Ѝ 4 ࡛ 1,980 ᖹ᪉࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣂࢫࡢ⤮⏬ࡀୡ⏺᭱኱࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ὶࢀ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪1 Ѝ 3 Ѝ 2 Ѝ 4 ࡀṇゎࠋ
ၥ 4 ࢚ 2 ࡘࡶࡋࡃࡣࡑࢀ௨ୖࡢせᅉࡢ㛫ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࢆほࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛㸪ࡑࢀࡽ࡟ᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜ぢㄗࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠕ⹫ഇࡢཎᅉࡢㄗㅸࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ3 ࡛ࠕ୧ぶ࡜ࡶ⮬ື㌴ࢆᡤ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪∗ぶࡢ⮬ື㌴ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀẕぶࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾ኱ࡁࡃྂ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦࡀ♧ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ๓ᥦࡼࡾ㸪4 ࡛Ꮚ౪ࡀࠕẕぶࡢ⮬ື㌴ࡢ᪉ࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ẕぶࡢ⮬ື㌴ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡜⤖ㄽ௜ࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟
࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ 3 Ѝ 4 ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋ2 ࡢ “In other words” ࡢᚋࡢᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕᏊ౪ࡀ⮬ື㌴ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ
㌴㱋࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵࡲࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸㎸ࢇ࡛㸪┦㛵㛵ಀ࡜ᅉᯝ㛵ಀ࡜ࡢ༊ูࡀࡘ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2 ࡜ 4 ࡢෆᐜࢆྫྷ࿡ࡍࡿ࡜㸪୧⪅ࡀゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࡢ࡛㸪3Ѝ 4 Ѝ 2 ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪1 Ѝ 3 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 2 ࡀṇゎࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸴(1) ࢖✵ᡤ(1)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕῧ௜ࡋࡓࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆぢࡓࡽ㸪4 ࡘࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚㸪࢛࣮࢘࢟ࣥࢢ࣭ࢶ࢔࣮ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢࠥ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ⾲࠿ࡽ㸪 “Historical walking tourincluded” ࡟༳㸦ࣞⅬ㸧ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ “Essentials Tour” ࡜ “Ultimate Tour” ࡢ 2 ࡘࡔ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡾ㸪two ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ(2) ࢘✵ᡤ(2)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕࢶ࢔࣮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪㧗㱋⪅ᩱ㔠ࡀ኱ேᩱ㔠ࡼࡾࠥࡶᏳࡃ
࡞ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣ࡝ࡢࢶ࢔࣮ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍ࠿୙᫂ࡔࡀ㸪࣓࣮ࣝᮏᩥ➨ 8 ᩥ࠿ࡽ “theUltimate Tour” ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ศ࠿ࡿࠋ⾲࠿ࡽ㸪“Ultimate Tour”ࡢ “Adult(18-64)”ࡢᩱ㔠ࡣ$60㸪 “Seniorcitizen(65+)” ࡢᩱ㔠ࡣࡑࡢ༙㢠࡟ᙜࡓࡿ$30 ࡔ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡾ㸪50% ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ(3) ࢚✵ᡤ(3)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕ࢝ࢫࢱ࣐࣮࣭ࣞࣅ࣮࡛ࣗゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ࡑࡢࢶ࢔࣮ࡢ㡰఩ࡣ࡛ࠥ࠶ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ⾲࠿ࡽ㸪 “Ultimate Tour” ࡢ “Average of customer reviews” ࡣ 4.8/5.0 ࡜ 4 ࡘࡢࢶ࢔࣮ࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾ㸪highest ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ(4) ࢔✵ᡤ(4)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕ⚾ࡓࡕ 5 ேྜィ࡛ࠥࢻࣝ࡟࡞ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᅇཧຍࡍࡿ
5 ே࡜ࡣ㸪࣓࣮ࣝᮏᩥ➨ 1 ᩥ࡞࡝࠿ࡽ࣓࣮ࣝࢆ᭩࠸ࡓ Marie ᮏே࡜ཷࡅྲྀࡗࡓ Andrew㸪➨ 5 ᩥ
࠿ࡽ Andrew ࡢ 8 ṓࡢᜥᏊ Conner ࡜ Marie ࡢ 13 ṓࡢፉ Shannon㸪➨ 7 ᩥ࠿ࡽ Marie ࡢ 65 ṓ࡟࡞ࡿẕぶࡔ࡜ศ࠿ࡿࠋ⾲࠿ࡽ㸪 Marie ࡜ Andrew ࡣ “Adult(18-64)” 2 ྡ࡞ࡢ࡛$60+$60=$120㸪
Conner ࡣ “Child(4-12)” ࡞ࡢ࡛$15㸪 Shannon ࡣ “Young Adult(13-17)” ࡞ࡢ࡛$30㸪 Marie ࡢẕ
ぶࡣ “Senior citizen(65+)” ࡞ࡢ࡛$30 ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ྜィࡣ$195 ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡾ㸪 195 ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ㸵
(1)“Even if a suitable manned spacecraft could be constructed,”ࠕࡓ࡜࠼ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸᭷ேᏱᐂ⯪ࢆᘓ㐀ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠖ
“~ obstacles yet to be overcome include securing adequate supplies of water and oxygen in an atmosphere sothin as to make sustaining life impossible.”ࠕᮍࡔඞ᭹࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸㞀ᐖࡢ୍ࡘࡀ㸪⏕࿨⥔ᣢࢆ୙ྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࡃࡽ࠸㠀ᖖ࡟ⷧ࠸኱Ẽ୰࡛༑ศ࡞㔞ࡢỈ࡜㓟⣲ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
୺ㄒࡣ “obstacles yet to be overcome”㸪ືモࡀ include ࡛㸪 securing ௨ୗࡀ┠ⓗㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ “adequatesupplies of ~” ࡛ࠕ༑ศ࡞㔞ࡢ㹼ࠖࡢព࿡ࠋ <so… as to do ~>࡛ࠕ㹼ࡍࡿࡃࡽ࠸͐ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ⛬ᗘࠖࢆ⾲ࡍᙧᐜモྃࠋ to ௨ୗࡣ㸪 <make O C> ࡢᙧ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚㸪 sustaining life ࠕ⏕࿨ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ
ࡀ O ࡛㸪 impossible ࡀ C ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(2)“It would not be without irony, however, ~”ࠕࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ⓶⫗࡜ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ
it ࡣ㸪ᚋ⥆ࡍࡿ if ⠇ࡢෆᐜࢆཷࡅࡿࠋ “It would not be without irony that ~” ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ヂࡍ࠿ࡣุ᩿
࡟㏞࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡔࡀ㸪 <without irony> ࡛ࠕ⓶⫗࡛ࡶఱ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠖ(A)࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࠕ(A)࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡟ࡣ࠸࠿࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࠕ⓶⫗࡜ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸㸪⓶⫗࡞ࡋ࡟ࡣ῭ࡲ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓヂࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
“~ if the human species were to evolve technologically so far as to be capable of interplanetary travel, only torevert immediately cave dwelling.”ࠕࡶࡋே㢮ࡀᝨᫍ㛫᪑⾜ࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ࡯࡝⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪⤖ᒁὝ❍ᬽࡽࡋ࡟ᡠࡽ࡞ࡅࢀ
ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡞ࡽࠖ
if ⠇ෆ࡛ࡣ㸪 <were to do ~> ࡜࠸࠺ᐇ⌧ྍ⬟ᛶࡢప࠸஦᯶ࢆ⾲ࡍ㝿࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ⾲⌧࡟ὀពࡍࡿࠋ
<so far as to do ~>࡛ࠕ㹼ࡍࡿ࡯࡝㸪㹼ࡍࡿࡃࡽ࠸ࡲ࡛ࠖࡢព࿡ࠋ “evolve technologically” ࡢ⛬ᗘࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ “interplanetary travel” ࡣࠕᝨᫍ㛫᪑⾜ࠖࡢពࠋ <only to do ~>ࡣࠕ⤖ᯝࠖࢆ⾲ࡍ୙ᐃモ࡛㸪ࠕ⤖ᒁ㹼ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡢពࠋ <revert to ~> ࡛ࠕ㹼࡟㏫ᡠࡾࡍࡿࠖࡢពࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸶(1) ࠕ⬨㧊ᦆയࠖ

spinal cord injury / damaged spinal cord / damage to the spinal cord ࡞࡝ࠋowing to / due to ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠖࠕ㤳࠿ࡽୗࡀ㯞⑷ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠖ
paralyzed from the neck down ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ㐠ື⬟ຊࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿࠖ

controlling motor function ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ⬻㡿ᇦ࡟ࠖ

in the brain area / in the brain region ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ㟁ᴟࢆྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓࠖ have electrodes implanted ࡞࡝ࠋ(2) ࠕࡋ࠿ࡋࠖhowever, though ࡞࡝ࠋࠕࡓ࡜࠼࠶࡞ࡓࡀఱࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠖ
whatever you are thinking about / no matter what you think ࡞࡝ࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢ⟠ᡤࡣࠕほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࠖࢆಟ㣭ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂♧࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺㸪if ⠇ࡢᚋ༙࡟ᣢࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋࠕ⬻ࢆほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿ⿦⨨ࡀⓎ᫂ࡉࢀࡓࡽࠖ
if a device that can monitor your brain is invented ࡞࡝ࠋᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡢ༑ศ࠶ࡿෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪┤ㄝἲ࡛᭩ࡃࡢࡀࡼ࠸
ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ┤ᚋࡢ 1 ᩥࡢືモ⾲⌧ࡶཧ⪃࡟ࡍࡿࠋࠕಶே᝟ሗಖㆤࡢၥ㢟ࠖ

the issue of personal information protection
the problem of personal data protection ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ㹼ࢆࡼࡾ」㞧࡟ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖwill further complicate ~ / will make ~ more complex ࡞࡝ࠋㅮホ㸯㹙㛗ᩥෆᐜ୍⮴㹛 㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕ᏶⎍୺⩏ࡢࡶࡓࡽࡍᘢᐖࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋෆᐜ㸪タၥ࡜ࡶ࡟≉࡟㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜ᚓⅬࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ㸰㹙ᩥἲᅄᢥ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧඾ᆺⓗ࡞ෆᐜ࡛ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡸࡍ࠸ࠋືモࡢㄒἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜࡀከ࠸ࠋ㸱㹙ྠ⩏ㄒ㑅ᢥ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧㞴ゎ࡞༢ㄒࡶ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᩥ⬦࠿ࡽ㑅ᢥྍ⬟ࠋ㸲㹙఍ヰ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧๓༙ࡣࠕࣂ࣮࣮࣋࢟ࣗࡢ‽ഛ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ 3 ேࡢ఍ヰࠖࠋᚋ༙ࡣࠕ㧗ᰯࡢࢡࣛࣈάືࡢホ౯࡟㛵ࡍࡿ 2 ேࡢ఍ヰࠖࠋྛタၥࡣᶆ‽ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࡀ㸪୍㒊㸪ุ᩿࡟㏞࠺ࡶࡢࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࠋ㸳㹙ᩥᩚᗎ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ᢳ㇟ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ⱥᩥࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࠋᣦ♧ㄒࡸ௦ྡモࢆࣄࣥࢺ࡟⟅࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸴㹙ᅗ⾲㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧⾲ࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿຊࢆヨࡍၥ㢟ࠋ᝟ሗࡢⓎぢࡸᩘ್ィ⟬࡟ࡸࡸ᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࠋ

㸵㹙࿴ヂ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕ᭷ேⅆᫍ᪑⾜ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ୍㒊ࢆ㝖࠸࡚ᵓ㐀㏻ࡾ⣲┤࡟ヂࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ㸶㹙ⱥヂ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ㞴㸧 ࠕ⬻స⏝ࡢྍど໬ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ๓༙ࡣㄒᙡ຾㈇ࠋᚋ༙ࡣᵓ㐀㏻ࡾ⣲┤࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࡟ヂࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
኱ၥᵓᡂ㸪ၥ㢟㔞ࡣ 2/2 ࡜ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪඲య࡟ࡸࡸ㞴᫆ᗘࡣୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ┠ᶆࡣ 65%

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