令和６年度入学者一般選抜入学試験問題（Ｂ日程

英国際地域学部）

語

注意事項
１

試験時間は、午前 10 時から午前 11 時 30 分までである。

２

試験開始の合図があるまで、問題冊子を開かないこと。

３

この試験では、問題冊子（４ページ）、解答用紙２枚及び下書き用紙１枚を配付する。

４

試験開始の合図があってから、解答用紙に受験番号を必ず記入すること（氏名の記入は不要）。解答用紙は２枚あるので、必ず２枚すべてに記入すること。

５

解答は、解答用紙の所定の欄に横書きで記入すること。所定の解答欄以外に記入した解答は無効である。

６

問題冊子及び解答用紙にページの欠落や印刷不鮮明な部分等がある場合は、手をあげて、試験監督者がそばに来てからその旨申し出ること。

７

原則として、試験時間中の途中退室は認めない。
ただし、具合が悪くなった場合、トイレに行きたくなった場合等は、手をあげて、試験監督者がそばに来てからその旨申し出ること。

８

試験終了の合図があったら直ちに筆記用具を置くこと。

９

試験終了の合図があって筆記用具を置いたら、机の上に問題冊子と下書き用紙を重ねて置き、その上に表にした解答用紙を問1の解答用紙が上になるように重ねて置くこと。

10

試験監督者の許可があるまで退室しないこと。

※

解答は解答用紙に書きなさい。

１ ead the passage. Then write a paragraph of about 150 words in English to answer
R
the question below the passage. In your paragraph, use your own words and ideas.
（語数を記入する必要はない。）
Junk Food * Taxes

In some places, taxes on junk food are higher than taxes on other kinds of food. For
example, in 2011, Hungary started a new tax on foods and drinks that have a lot of sugar,salt, or caffeine * . As another example, in 2014, Mexico introduced an extra tax on drinksthat have added sugar. Some people do not like these new taxes. They say that people
should have the freedom to choose what to eat or drink without having to pay extra
money for certain items. Others argue that such taxes could have a negative impact on
small businesses like restaurants. Still others say that the extra tax is not fair because itaffects low-income people more than the rest of society. However, there are people whothink the higher tax is a good idea and that it could have a positive impact on society.
* junk food：ジャンクフード* caffeine：カフェイン

Question: ‌In your opinion, what could be some possible benefits of having higher taxes onjunk food?
References:Batis, C., Rivera, J. A., Popkin, B. M., & Taillie, L. S. (2016). First-year evaluation of Mexico’s tax on non-essential energy-dense
foods: An observational study. PLoS Med, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002057
Belluz, J. (April 6, 2018). Mexico and Hungary tried junk food taxes – and they seem to be working: The case for a junk food tax
in America. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2018/1/17/16870014/junk-food-tax  
Boysen, O., Boysen-Urban, K., Bradford, H., & Balié, J. (February, 2020). Could higher junk food taxes...? Social Science Journal for
Teens. https://www.sciencejournalforkids.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/tax_article.pdf
Thomas, M. D. (March 2, 2015). Junk food taxes don’t work: Taxing unhealthy food won’t actually... U.S. News and World Report.
https://bit.ly/45NMvc0– 1 –（一般 B）

２Read the following article and choose the correct words below to fill the spaces.

What are Microaggressions?
Microaggressions are small actions or words that show ⑴toward minority
groups. For example, imagine you and a friend have different skin colors. One day,someone asks your friend, “Where are you really from?” This might seem like a simple
question, but it could make your friend feel like they don’t belong or that they’re not apart of your ⑵. This can cause emotional ⑶because it suggests thatthey don’t belong just because they look different. Microaggressions are not the same ashate speech. ⑷hate speech is meant to hurt someone, microaggressions areusually not meant to hurt anyone. In fact, they are often comments that are made withgood ⑸and between friends. In Japan, people are starting to become moreaware of this issue. This may be partly because of recent well-known overseas⑹
that have fought against racial discrimination in society.

⑴
⑵
⑶
⑷
⑸
⑹

A. enterprise
A. pattern
A. support
A. Whereas
A. resolutions
A. journeys

B. publicity
B. community
B. balance
B. However
B. circulation
B. movements

C. luxury
C. development
C. health
C. How
C. intentions
C. officers

D. prejudice
D. standard
D. pain
D. WhatD. qualification
D. species

References:
Boddapati, S. (July, 2021). How to teach kids about microaggressions. On Our Sleeves. https://www.onoursleeves.org/mentalhealth-resources/minority-mental-health/how-to-teach-kids-about-microaggressions
Hueston, D. (May 26, 2022). Feature: Japanese society begins to grapple with microaggressions. Kyodo News. https://english.
kyodonews.net/news/2022/05/ececde9749b7-feature-japanese-society-begins-to-grapple-with-microaggressions.html
Kin, Y. (March 1, 2021). A thousand cuts: A ‘Zainichi’ Korean reporter’s deep dive into microaggression in Japan. The Mainichi.
https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20210227/p2a/00m/0na/020000c– 2 –（一般 B）

３

Read the following article and do the task below.
The Ethics * of Space Exploration

Ethics in space exploration are important as we continue to explore and learn about
the universe. This involves making decisions about what is right and wrong in space
activities.
Even from the beginning of space exploration, there were ethical * concerns
surrounding space projects. One example of this occurred during the Apollo program * ,which sent humans to the Moon. Wernher von Braun * , a German engineer who had
previously worked for the Nazis * , played an important role in the program’s success.
However, the fact that he was involved raised ethical questions due to his past actions. It
made people wonder if it was right to celebrate him as a hero despite his history. After
World War II, von Braun came to the United States as part of a program that brought
German scientists to America. The U.S. government saw his talents as an engineer andthought he could help them in the space race against the USSR * . They chose to overlook
his past because they believed his skills were more important. This decision raised
concerns about whether it is acceptable to put national goals over ethical considerations.
As space exploration advances, we face new ethical challenges. First, we must
consider how limited resources should best be used. Both national governments andprivate companies dedicate large amounts of money to space exploration. Would it bebetter to use these resources to address the many problems facing humanity here onEarth? Second, space exploration raises ethical questions about environmental impacts.
Here on Earth, rocket launches involve producing large amounts of pollution. Moreover,when we explore space, there is a risk of bringing microorganisms * from Earth that could
harm any life already there.
Margaret McLean, a professor of ethics at Santa Clara University, believes thatinstead of seeing ourselves as the owners of other planets and moons, we should see
ourselves as responsible for taking care of their wonder and beauty. McLean suggests
three ethical principles for space exploration. First, we should appreciate space simply
because it exists, not for how we can benefit from it. Second, we should use resourcesfrom other planets only if this benefits all people and does not harm those other planets.
Third, we should not cause damage when we explore. That is, we should leave the Moonand other planets in the same or even better condition than when we first arrived.
Although McLean and others study space ethics, their influence on decision-making islimited. This is unfortunate because we need independent ethical principles that are notinfluenced by national or personal interests. Involving organizations like the United
Nations can help address ethical concerns and make sure international rules for spacetravel are fair and reasonable.
Ultimately, space exploration is a human activity, and it is important to consider the– 3 –（一般 B）

values and principles that guide our actions. As we continue to explore and expand ourpresence in space, we must overcome the ethical challenges and make choices that benefit
not just ourselves, but also the universe we are exploring.
* ethics：倫理、倫理学* ethical：倫理的な、倫理上の* Apollo program：アポロ計画* Wernher von Braun：ヴェルナー・フォン・ブラウン* Nazi：ナチ、ナチス* USSR：ソビエト社会主義共和国連邦、（旧）ソ連* microorganism：微生物

問：‌本文の内容を 500 字以内の日本語で要約しなさい。解答は解答欄に横書きし、数字や句読点は１字と数えなさい。（文字数を記入する必要はない。）
References:
McLean, M. R. (2006). To boldly go: Ethical considerations for space exploration. Markkula Center for Applied Ethics. https://www.
scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/more-focus-areas/resources/ethical-considerations-for-space-exploration/
Munro, D. (April 4, 2022). If humanity is to succeed in space, our ethics must evolve. Centre for International Governance
Innovation. https://www.cigionline.org/articles/if-humanity-is-to-succeed-in-space-our-ethics-must-evolve/– 4 –（一般 B）