2024年度
帰国生入学試験【 基礎学力検査 】［ 英 語 ］問 題

1 ．問題および解答用紙は試験開始の合図があるまで開かないでください。
2 ．解答はすべて解答用紙の所定の欄に記入してください。
3 ．受験番号および氏名は解答用紙の所定の欄にそれぞれ記入してください。
4 ．試験終了後、解答用紙を問題の上にふせて置いてください。
5 ．回収するのは解答用紙だけです。問題は持ち帰ってください。
6 ．［ 英語 ］の問題は 1 ページから 6 ページまでです。

問題は次頁から

Ⅰ

次の英文を読み、設問に答えなさい。
）（ * のついた語句には、本文の最後に注があります。

When a mushroom hunter Terri Clements found a unique mushroom near her home in
Arizona, she was not sure if it was a new species.

So, she brought the mushroom to alaboratory and asked the professional researchers to *process the DNA from it and study theresult. Later a scientist confirmed that it was a new species and her new mushroom species
was *describedin a scientific paper.

Clements was a restaurant owner and a *real estate executive before. After she retiredin 2012, she became passionate about recording mushroom species by using traditionaltaxonomy ̶ the science of describing, naming, and *classifying life on earth.

“I had noscientific training, but now I spend hours and hours on it,” she says. “Itʼs like a full-time job,though I donʼt get a salary.”Clementsʼ situation is not special.

①

For the last 30 years orso, these non-professionals have developed their own research skills, and now professional
scientists are gradually welcoming these volunteers.
A 2012 study shows that non-professional taxonomists recorded more than 60 percent of
the new species from 1998 to 2007. In the ocean, 40 percent of new *marine mollusks werediscovered by non-professionals. New Zealand researchers say that the field of taxonomy has
been getting stronger because of these non-professional scientists, even though *funding for
professional scientists has been decreasing.

There are fewer students who want to betaxonomists, but there are more and more non-professionals who are interested in this field,
because nowadays they can find information much more easily online.
In some fields, the work done by non-professional taxonomists are as accurate asprofessional scientists.

Philippe Bouchet is a *curator at the French National Museum of

Natural History and an expert on marine mollusks. He often asks a network of volunteers tostudy material he collects from the ocean. One of the volunteers, Emilio Rolan, has described
more ocean species than anyone else so far. He discovered his first new species in 1980 while
he was working as a doctor for children. He named the *snail

after his wife.

Over the next ten years, he got interested in taxonomy and learned techniques to study thespecies he found. He got a PhD in 1992, and after he retired in 1999, he published many
scientific papers with the help of professional scientists like Bouchet.

In total, he has

described almost 1500 new species since 1980. He gets no salary for his work. His son says,“Heʼs doing his work in his free time and for fun, not for money. He cannot just spend time1

sitting and watching TV.”
Sometimes non-professional taxonomists need more technical skills or tools. Jim McClarin
often posts his discoveries to online groups of people who love *beetles.

He was a New

Hampshire carpenter before, but now lives in *Ecuador to study and photograph beetles.
When he discovers a new beetle and cannot find out what it is, he emails photos to his
professional scientist friends. “I can tell if itʼs new to me, but I have to ask an expert whetheritʼs really a new species. They often say that it is something they have never seen,” he says.
He has found a lot of new species so far.
Though there are many passionate non-professionals around the world, there are not somany students who study taxonomy to be professional researchers. After going into the jungle
to find insects or searching for snails in a deep coral reef, they have to spend hours studying
them to find out if it is really new. Even if it is a new species, the discovery of a new type ofsnail will not be so interesting to the world. ②Traditional taxonomy【 other / may / so / like /attractive / not / as / popular fields / look 】*genetic studies or *biodiversity.
However, as we can see from Clementsʼ experience in the field of mushroom taxonomy,
even non-professional scientists can use DNA research now.

In fact, last year the North

American Mycoflora Project began to give funding to non-professional mushroom researchers
around the country for DNA research. Since scientists donʼt have time to do all that work,
the project wants non-professionals not only to collect and send out samples to professionals,
but also to learn how to study samples with DNA research and understand the results.
③“Classifying the new species is important when ecosystems are quickly losing
biodiversity,” says Bill Sheehan, president of the project. “If a species doesnʼt have a name, it
is impossible to protect it or to know that it is in danger. Biology starts with understanding
what a species is, and taxonomical studies often leads to important questions about how*evolution works.”

注）
process the DNA：DNA を抽出する
describe（d）：記載する（ある生物の特徴を言葉や図、写真等で記述すること）
real estate executive：不動産経営者
marine mollusk（s）：海洋軟体動物
snail：巻貝

classify（ing）：分類する
funding：助成金

curator：学芸員

beetle（s）：甲虫（カブトムシ、クワガタなど）

Ecuador：エクアドル（南米の国）
biodiversity：生物多様性

genetic studies：遺伝子学

evolution：進化2問1

次の質問の答えになるように、（）に適切な語を入れなさい。

Question：What is?

Answer： It is a name（問2）to the mushroom species Terri Clements discovered.

Which is true about Terri Clements?
ア

She processes the DNA from the mushroom she found and studies the result.

イ

She became passionate about mushroom species when she was a restaurant owner.

ウShe had a scientific training in traditional taxonomy at university.

エ

She spends a lot of time recording mushroom species even though she is not paidfor it.

問3

空欄①には以下の 4 つの英文が入ります。本文の内容に合うように正しい順番に並べなさい。
ア

Many of them study rare species like mushrooms, insects and other smallcreatures.

イ

Therefore, there are not enough professional researchers who study them.

ウ

There are many others who are doing the same in each of their favorite areas.

エThose species are less popular than birds, butterflies and flowers.
（問4）→（）→（）→（）

Why do New Zealand researchers say that the field of taxonomy has been gettingstronger?
ア

Non-professionals supported professionals to record 60 percent of the new species
from 1998 to 2007.

イ

40 percent of new marine mollusks were found by non-professionals in the oceans
around New Zealand.

ウ

The number of non-professionals who are interested in the field of taxonomy isincreasing.

エ

Non-professionals can attend online taxonomy courses at universities around theworld.

3

問5“Emilio Rolan” についてまとめた文になるように、空欄（Ａ）〜（Ｈ）に入る

適切な語を下のア〜セから選び、記号で答えなさい。同じ記号は一度しか使えません。
また、文頭に来る語も小文字で示してあります。
Emilio Rolan is one of the（Ａ）who help Philippe Bouchet. Emilio is sometimes

asked to study the creatures Phillipe （Ｂ） from the ocean.

Emilio himself

describes new ocean species, too. His first（Ｃ）was in 1980. He found a newspecies of snail and gave it the name of his（Ｄ）. After that he studied（and techniques for studying new species. After he retired as a（studied new ocean species more eagerly. （many scientific papers. The（ＨＧＦＥ））in 1999, he）scientists have helped him publish）number of new species he has described isabout 1500. He does not get a salary for his work, because he is doing it just for fun.

ア total問6

イ curators

ウ non-professionals

カdoctorキfindク

historyサ

professional

シmuseumス

ケエ wifediscovers

discovery

セコオ researcher
taxonomyincreasing

Which is true about Jim McClarin?
アHe made popular online groups for people who want to know about beetles.

イ

He is a professional taxonomist who studies and photographs beetles in Ecuador.

ウHe lives in New Hampshire and often emails beetle photos to his scientist friends.

エHe has professional scientist friends who answer his questions about new species.

問7

Which is NOT true as a reason why there are fewer students who study taxonomy
to be professional researchers?
アThere are already many passionate professional researchers around the world.

イ

The discovery of a new small creature may not draw so much attention from theworld.

問8ウ

It takes a lot of time to check if the species they found is really new.

エ

They have to spend hours in jungles or deep coral reefs to find new species.

下線部②が「伝統的な分類学は、遺伝子学や生物多様性のような他の人気のある分野ほど魅力的に見えないかもしれない」という意味になるように、【べ替えなさい。

4】内の語（句）を並問9What does the North American Mycoflora Project want non-professionals to do?
アThe Project wants non-professionals to give funding to mushroom researchers
around the country.

イ

The Project wants non-professionals to study mushrooms with DNA research bythemselves.

ウThe Project wants non-professionals to join their project to make DNA researchmore popular.

エThe Project wants non-professionals to increase the number of samples to send outto professionals.

問10Bill Sheehan が下線部③のように言う理由を、35〜45字の日本語で説明しなさい。
（句読点を含む。）＜下書き用＞

35

問1145

この文章のタイトルとして最も適切なものを選び、記号で答えなさい。
ア

DNA research saves new species around the worldイ

Amateur scientists start a new wave of discovery

ウ

Unique mushrooms that bring you million dollars

エTaxonomy：a popular choice for your new career5

Ⅱ

下線部①〜③の日本語を英語に直しなさい。

In the late 1800s, a teacher named Wilhelm von Osten became famous when he showed
his horseʼs excellent skill to people. ①クレバー・ハンスとして知られるその馬は、足踏みによって、簡単な数学の問題に対する答えを示したのだ。
While the audience believed the performance, a smart researcher noticed the trick behind
this clever horse. He explained that Clever Hans watched reactions from both his owner andhis audience and knew when to stop stepping. He was a smart horse, but counting was neverreally one of his skills.
②彼の能力は本物ではなかったものの、それ以来、研究者たちは多くの動物に数を数える能力があることを発見してきた。 For example, studies have shown that dogs can count the
number of treats, and can count up to four or five. Imagine that you put four treats in frontof a dog, and then you hide them behind a screen. ③もしそのおやつの中の 1 つを取って仕切りを外すと、犬はおやつが 1 つ消えたことに気付くだろう。

【以下余白】
6