医学部進学予備校メビオ

解答速報
東海大学医学部㸱㸲㸳

2024年2月2日実施

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英語

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(1)

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(1) ゐぬ࡜࿡ぬࡣᙺ࡟❧ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪୰ᯡࡢ⬻ࡀ㸪㏱᫂࡞ቨ㉺ࡋ࡟ぢ࠼ࡓሗ㓘ࡢሙᡤࡲ࡛⮬ศࡢ⭎ࢆᑟ࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿࠋ㸵(2) ࢱࢥࡣ㸪ື≀࡟ࡣ⌋ࡋࡃ㸪௚✀ࡢಶయࡢ㢦ࢆ㆑ู࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ே㛫ࢆ࠿ࡽ࠿࠸
ࡉ࠼ࡍࡿࠋ
(1)

What is more surprising, when the participants watched silent videos, the AI provided fairly
accurate descriptions of them.

(ูゎ) What’s even surprising is that when the participants watched videos without sound, the AI
generated an approximate description of the videos.

㸶(2)The researchers believe that these findings will help patients who have lost the ability to speak
due to some factors such as stroke, to express themselves.

(ูゎ) The researchers believe that these results will be helpful when patients who cannot speak forsome reasons, including stroke, express themselves.

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸯ၥ1

ࠕ➨ 1 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㬆㚝ἲࡣࡔ࡜᥎࡛ࡁࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕ࠿ࡘ࡚࡟ẚ࡭ேẼࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠋ➨ 1 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ࠕࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㬆㚝ἲࡢᣢࡘṔྐⓗ౯್ࡸᩥ໬ⓗ౯್࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࡇࡢ័⾜࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣḟ➨࡟ኻࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᮍ᮶ࡣ⌧௦♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࡞ࡣࡔᚰチ࡞࠸࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ2

ࠕ➨ 2 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࡔ࡜♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ

ṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕࢫࢸࢵࢻ࣐ࣥࡣ」ᩘࡢ㚝ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍᐇ㊶ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᇳ➹ࡋࡓࠖࠋ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟ࠕࢫࢸࢵࢻ࣐ࣥࡣࡇࡢᮏࡢෆᐜࢆ⿵࠺ࡓࡵ㸪ࠗ㬆㚝ἲ࠘࡜࠸࠺ᮏࢆ୍ே࡛ᇳ➹ࡋ㸪1677 ᖺ࡟බหࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪㚝ࢆ 5 ࠿ࡽ 8 ಶ౑ࡗࡓ᪉ἲࡀ᪂ࡓ࡟ 53 ㏻ࡾㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ3ࠕ➨ 3 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㌿ㄪ㬆㚝ἲ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ṇࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡢࡣḟࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖ
ṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕࡑࢀࡣ㚝ࢆ᭱኱࡛ 5 ࡘ౑⏝ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠖࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ࠕࡇࢀࢆ⾜࠺㝿࡟ࡣ㸪㬆㚝ಀࡀ㞟ᅋ࡛ཧຍࡍࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ㄪᚊࡉࢀࡓ 5 ࠿ࡽ 12 ಶࡢ㚝ࡢୗ࡟❧ࡕᵓ࠼㸪ᩘᏛ࡟⿬ᡴࡕࡉࢀࡓ୍㐃ࡢ㓄ิ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㚝ࢆ㬆ࡽࡋ㸪཯᚟࡞ࡋ࡟඲యⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄪ࿴ࡢ࡜ࢀࡓ㡢ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ

ၥ4ࠕ➨ 3 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㬆㚝ಀࡣࡔ࡜᥎࡛ࡁࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕಶࠎࡢ㚝࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓ⥘ࢆᘬࡃࠖࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟ࠕࠗࣁࣥࢻࣜࣥࢢ࠘࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᢏ
ἲࢆ⏝࠸㸪ᙼࡽࡣᙇຊࢆಶࠎࡢ㚝ࡢ⥘࡬࡜ఏ࠼㸪๓ᚋ࡟ᦂࡽࡍ㝿࡟㚝ࡢືࡁࢆไᚚࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ5ࠕ➨ 4 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ,ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕࡑࢀ࡯࡝᫬㛫ࡢ࠿࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ᬤࡘࡪࡋ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡀᐜ᫆࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪㬆㚝ἲࡢேẼ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡁࡓࠖ
ࠋ➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕࡍࡄ࡟࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿᙧᘧࡢፗᴦࡸవᬤάືࡀᬑཬࡋࡓࡏ࠸࡛㸪ⱝ࠸ୡ௦࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㬆㚝ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ㨩ຊࡢ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸ࡿࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡀṇゎࡢ᰿ᣐ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪࢔ࡀࠕ⌧ᅾࡢ㑅ᢤࡉࢀࡓ㬆㚝ಀࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀᡝෙᘧࡢ㚝ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍࡼ࠺せㄳࡉࢀࡓࠖ㸪࢘ࡀࠕ㬆㚝࡬ࡢཧຍࡣ᪂ᆺࢥࣟࢼ࢘࢕ࣝࢫឤᰁ⑕ࡀᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
᫬ᮇ࡟⃭ቑࡋࡓࠖ
㸪࢚ࡀࠕⱥᅜ඲ᅵ࡛ࡣ㸪38,000 ேࡢ㬆㚝ಀࡀ⌧ᙺ࡛άື୰ࡔ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ6

ࠕ➨ 5 ẁⴠࡢ୺࡞┠ⓗࡣࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠖ

ṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕ㬆㚝࡬ࡢཧຍቑ࡬ࡢ㞀ᐖࡢ୍ࡘࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࠖࠋ➨ 5 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࡢࠕ⪁ᮙ໬ࡋࡓ㚝ࡸ㚝ᴥࡢ⥔ᣢ࡜ಟ⧋࡟ࢥࢫࢺࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࡸ➨ 2 ᩥࡢࠕ㚝୍ࡘಟ⌮ࡍࡿ࡟ࡶ 10,000 ࣏ࣥࢻ௨ୖࡢ⤒㈝ࡀᚲせ࡛㸪ᑠࡉ࡞ᩍ఍ࡸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࡢ⤌⧊࡛ࡣ㸪㚝ᴥࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡢ࡟ࡶᐤ௜ࢆ࠶࡚࡟ࡍࡿࠖࡀ
ṇゎࡢ᰿ᣐ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪࢖ࡀࠕ㧗౯࡞㚝ࡢಟ⧋ࡸ⥔ᣢࢆ㈥࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ᐤ௜ࢆເࡿࡇ
࡜ࠖ㸪࢘ࡀࠕ㚝ᴥࢆ๰ᘓ᫬ࡢጼ࡟᚟ඖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ᪉ἲࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ㸪࢚ࡀࠕ㚝ࡸ㚝ᴥࡢ୰࡟࡝ࢀ࡯࡝ྂࡃ࡚౑࠸ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ7

ࠕ➨ 6 ẁⴠ࡛ superseded ࡟᭱ࡶព࿡ࡀ㏆࠸ࡢࡣ࡛࠶ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢚ࠕ㹼࡟࡜ࡗ࡚௦ࢃࡽࢀࡓࠖ
ࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪࢔ࡀࠕ◊✲ࡉࢀࡓࠖ㸪࢖ࡀࠕࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ
ࡓࠖ㸪࢘ࡀࠕᢈุࡉࢀࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ8ࠕ᭱⤊ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕ㬆㚝ࢆࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡔ࡜ㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㬆㚝ἲࢆ㈈ᨻᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ
ࠋ᭱⤊ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥࡢࠕ㈨㔠࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆቑࡸࡋ࡚ⱝ⪅࡟࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪Michael Wigney ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ዌ⪅ࡀ㬆㚝ࢆࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡟ศ㢮ࡍࡿࡼ࠺せㄳࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪࢖ࡀࠕ㬆㚝ࡣ㸪ࡲࡔୡ⏺↓ᙧ㑇⏘࡟Ⓩ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ㸪࢘ࡀࠕṔྐⓗ࡟ぢࢀࡤ㸪㬆㚝࡬ࡢཧຍࡣࢪ
࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢⅬ࡛ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀྲྀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ㸪࢚ࡀࠕLDBCBR ࡢ Michael Wigney ⮬㌟㸪㬆㚝ಀ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡟⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

ၥ9ࠕᮏᩥ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪CCCBR ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ṇࡋ࠸ࡢࡣḟࡢ࠺ࡕ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢚ࠕ2022 ᖺࡢ⛅࡟㸪ᩍ఍ࡢ㬆㚝ಀࢆ᪂ࡋࡃ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟㛵୚ࡋࡓࠖࠋ➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ2022 ᖺࡢ⛅㸪CCCBR ࡀᅜ⋤ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ 3 ୡࡢᡝෙࢆ⚃㈡ࡍࡿ࡭ࡃ 8,000 ྡࡢ᪂ே࡟㸪30,000 ࡢ⌧ᅾάືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㗪㚝ᖌࡀ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ 38,000 ಶࡢᩍ఍ࡢ㚝ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍࡢࢆᡭఏ࠺ࡼ࠺ᣍ㞟ࢆ࠿ࡅࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪㹼࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ

ၥ 10 ࠕᮏᩥ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ṇࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡢࡣḟࡢ࠺ࡕ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕ㚝ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㬆㚝ಀࡀ⮬⏤࡟㚝ࢆᡴࡘࡇ࡜ࢆチᐜࡍࡿ༶⯆ⓗ࡞ⱁ⾡ᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
ࠋᩥ❶඲యࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞グ㍕ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡜㸪➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡜᭱⤊ᩥࡶ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࠕ」ᩘࡢ㚝ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㬆㚝ࡢᢏἲ࡜ᵝᘧࡀ㹼࡟᭱ึ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࠖࡓ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࠕ㚝ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍᢏἲࡣ 1891 ᖺ࡟ࡉࡽ࡟ᶆ‽໬ࡉࢀࠖࡓ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࠿ࡽ㸪㚝ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍᢏἲࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘయ⣔໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᚲࡎࡋࡶ㬆ࡽࡍேࡢ༶⯆࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋၥ 11 ࠕᮏᩥࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡞ࡶࡢࡣ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕ㬆㚝㸸」㞧࡞ⱁ⾡࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ 21 ୡ⣖࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡑࡢ఩⨨ࠖࠋࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡢ๓༙㒊ศࡣ㸪➨ 3ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࠿ࡽㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕⱥᅜᘧࡢỴᐃⓗ࡞≉ᚩࡢ୍ࡘࡣ㸪ࠗ㬆㚝ࢆኚ࠼ࡿ࠘」㞧
࡞ᢏἲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚㸪㬆㚝ࡢఏ⤫ᢏἲ࡜Ṕྐࡀ㸪➨ 1 ẁⴠ࠿ࡽ➨ 3 ẁⴠࡲ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪➨ 4 ẁⴠ௨㝆ࡣ㸪㬆㚝ἲࡢ⾶㏥࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ㸪➨ 6 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪௒᪥ࡢࢯ࣮ࢩ࣓ࣕࣝࢹ࢕࢔࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㸪ࠕఏ㐩ࡢ㐨ල࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㬆㚝ࡣᗫࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡟࠸ࡲࡸ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪➨ 7 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣ㸪ྠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࢆࡋࡸࡍࡃࡋ㸪ⱝ⪅ࡢ㛵ᚰࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡓࡵ㸪㬆㚝ࢆࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡜ࡋ࡚ศ㢮ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜࠸࠺ᥦ᱌ࡸ㸪ྠ➨ 4 ᩥ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ዪᛶࡸᏊ࡝ࡶࡢཧຍࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢヨࡳࡀ⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ྠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࠕࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㐠ືࡣ㸪ᩍ఍ࡢ㚝ࡣࡲࡔᘬᑟࢆΏࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜
࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾ㸪ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡢᚋ༙㒊ศࡶᮏᩥࡢグ㏙࠿ࡽ඘ศㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪࢘ࡀṇࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠼
ࡿࠋ
ၥ 12 ࠕᮏᩥ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚㸪㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢᩥࡀṇࡋࡅࢀࡤ “T” ࢆ㸪ㄗࡾ࡞ࡽࡤ “F” ࢆ࣐࣮ࢡࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠖ
1. ࠕⱥᅜ࡟ࡣ㸪20,000 ௨ୖࡢᩍ఍ࡢ㚝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ Tࠋ➨ 1 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟ࠕ௒᪥㸪ⱥᅜࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ㸪50,000 ௨ୖࡢ㚝ᴥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 5~12 ಶࡢ㚝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪᥃ࡅ⟬ࡍࢀࡤ㸪㚝ࡢᩘࡣ 25,000 ~ 600,000 ಶ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋ
2. ࠕ㬆㚝ࡢᢏἲࡢጞࡲࡾࡣ 1,600 ᖺ௦࡛࠶ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ Fࠋ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ࠕ㬆㚝ἲࡣ 1,000 ᖺ௨ୖ๓ࡢ୰ୡ࡟ࡲ࡛ࡉ࠿ࡢࡰࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㬆㚝ἲࡢ㉳※ࡀ 1,600 ᖺ௦࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡀㄗࡾࡔ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣㄗࡾࠋ
3. ࠕ CCCBR ࡣ㸪௒ࡣ LDGCBR ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ṇゎࡣ FࠋCCCBR ࡣ㸪➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 4 ᩥ࡛ࠕⱥᅜᘧ㬆㚝ἲࢆㄪᩚࡋ㸪つไࡋ㸪ಁ㐍ࡍࡿᅋయࠖ࡜
ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ㸪LDGCBR ࡣ㸪᭱⤊ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡛ࠕ Michael Wigney ࡀ௦⾲ࢆົࡵࡿᅋయࠖ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪୧⪅ࡣูࡢᅋయ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣㄗࡾࠋ
4. ࠕ㦫ࡃ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜࡟㸪㬆㚝ࡣ㸪⌧௦ࡢࢯ࣮ࢩ࣓ࣕࣝࢹ࢕࢔࡜ྠᵝ࡟ຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ Fࠋ➨ 6 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ࠕ㬆㚝ࡣ㸪ᩥ໬ⓗ࡟ࡶṔྐⓗ࡟ࡶ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚Ꮡ⥆ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㐨ල࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪௒ࡣ࠸ࡉࡉ࠿᫬௦㐜ࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣㄗࡾࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

㸰
1.

࢖

the more honest✵ᡤࡢ┤ᚋ࡟ of the two princes ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀពࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛㸰⪅㛫࡛ࡢẚ㍑࡛㸪ࡼࡾࠕ㹼࡞᪉ࡔࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟ࡍࡿࠋ
“~, the more honest of the two princes …”ࠕ㹼2 ேࡢ⋤Ꮚࡢ୰࡛㸪ࡼࡾṇ┤࡞᪉ࡀ…ࠖ2.

࢔

to be distracteddistracted ࡣࠕ㹼ࡢὀពࢆ㐓ࡽࡍࠖࡢព࿡ࠋὀពࢆ㐓ࡽࡉࢀࡿᑐ㇟ࡢ My mother ࡀ୺ㄒ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜㸪like ࡢ┠ⓗㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ཷືࡢᙧࡢ୙ᐃモࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ“My mother doesn’t like to be distracted while she’s knitting;”ࠕ⚾ࡢẕࡣ㸪⦅ࡳ≀ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫࡟ὀពࢆ㐓ࡽࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀዲࡁ࡛࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠖ

3.

࢔

in㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ୰ࡢ๓⨨モࡣ㸪ඛ⾜モ a large scale ࡟ᚋ⨨ಟ㣭ࢆࡍࡿ㛵ಀ௦ྡモ⠇ࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪㛵ಀモ⠇࡟࡞ࡿ㒊ศࡢ୰ࡢ involved ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋbe involved in ~ ࠕ㹼࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࠖ“A large-scale project in which my colleagues have been involved for years~”ࠕ⚾ࡢྠ൉ࡀᩘᖺ㛫㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ኱つᶍ࡞ィ⏬ࡣ㹼ࠖ

4.

࢘

differentiate
࢔ different ᙧᐜモࠕ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ࠖ ࢖ differently ๪モࠕࡑࢀ࡜ࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚ࠖ࢘ differentiate ືモࠕぢศࡅࡿ㸪༊ูࡍࡿࠖ ࢚ difference ྡモࠕᕪ␗㸪㐪࠸ࠖ
“The test question asked us to differentiate between three similar forms of government.”ࠕࡑࡢࢸࢫࢺၥ㢟ࡣ㸪3 ࡘࡢఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᨻᗓࡢᙧែࢆ༊ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࠖ

5.

࢖

from whathear ࡀ௚ືモ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ඛ⾜モࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪✵ᡤ࡟ධࢀࡿ㛵ಀモࡣ what ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ“~, but from what I’ve heard, …”ࠕ㹼㸪ࡋ࠿ࡋ⚾ࡀ⪺࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽุ᩿ࡍࡿ࡜㸪͐ࠖ6.

࢘

whoever✵ᡤ࡟ࡣ┤ᚋࡢືモ win ࡢ୺ㄒࡢᙺ๭࡜ྡモ⠇ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ᥋⥆モࡢᙺ๭ࢆᣢࡘ whoever ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ“~, as whoever wins the position of president …”
ࠕ㹼㸪࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ♫㛗ࡢᙺ⫋࡟ᑵࡃேࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞ே࡛ࡶ…ࠖ

7.

࢔

so bright a๪モࡢ so ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪< so ᙧᐜモ a ྡモ >ࡢㄒ㡰࡟࡞ࡿࠋ“She was so bright a student that ~”ࠕᙼዪࡣ࡜࡚ࡶ⪽᫂࡞⏕ᚐ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛㹼ࠖ8.

࢖Be<Be that as it may ~>࡛ࠕࡓ࡜࠼ࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪㹼ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟࡞ࡿࠋ“Be that as it may, I still trust him.”ࠕࡓ࡜࠼ࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪⚾ࡣࡲࡔᙼࡢࡇ࡜ࢆಙ㢗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠖ

9.

࢖

her of her luggage<relieve A of B>ࠕA㸦ே㸧࠿ࡽ B㸦ࡶࡢ㸧ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
“The porter, ~ , relieved her of her luggage … ”ࠕࡑࡢ࣏࣮ࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪㹼㸪ᙼዪࡢⲴ≀ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠶ࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋ࡚͐ࠖ

10. ࢖sells well୺ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ furniture ࡣ୙ྍ⟬ྡモ࡛࠶ࡾ, ୕ே⛠༢ᩘᢅ࠸ࢆࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ sell ࡣ⮬ືモ࡛㸪ࠕ኎ࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ཷືࡢព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
“~, furniture … sells well.”ࠕ㹼㸪͐ᐙලࡣࡼࡃ኎ࢀࡿࠋ
ࠖҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

㸱
1.

࢔

a consultationࠕ┦ㄯ㸪༠㆟ࠖ= a discussion

2.

࢚stuck togetherࠕ༠ຊࡋྜ࠺㸪ᅋ⤖ࡍࡿࠖ= were loyal to each other3.

࢘

impededࠕ㹼ࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿ㸪㑧㨱ࢆࡍࡿࠖ= obstructed4.

࢖

suffers from ~ࠕ㹼࡛ᝎࡴ㸪ⱞࡋࡴࠖ= is affected by5.

࢚

whistle-blowers

ࠕࡓࢀ㎸ࡳᒇ㸪᝟ሗᥦ౪⪅ࠖ= informers

6.

࢚

went to extraordinary lengthࠕ㸦㹼ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸧ఱ࡛ࡶࡍࡿࠖ

= made a great effort

7.

࢖

diagnosis

ࠕデᐹ㸪デ᩿ࠖ

= evaluation8.

࢔prestigiousࠕྡኌࡢ࠶ࡿ㸪୍ὶࡢࠖ= honorable9.

࢘

a deviation from the norm ࠕつ⠊㸪ᶆ‽࠿ࡽࡢ㐓⬺ࠖ= unusual10.

࢔

feasibility= practicalityࠕ㸦ᐇ⾜㸪ᐇ⌧㸧ྍ⬟ᛶࠖ㸲
1.

࢔ ࠕࣜࢧࡀ “Don’t come crying to me,” ࡜ゝ࠺࡜ࡁ㸪࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㸪௚ࡢࣁ࢖࣮࢝ࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝ࠾࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
5 ࡘ┠ࡢ Lisa ࡢⓎゝᚋ༙࡛ “I’m turning around and going back. Who’s with me?” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪Lisa ࡣ᮶ࡓ㐨ࢆᡠࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ㸪㈶ྠ⪅ࢆເࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ṧࡾ 3 ேࡣࡇࡢពぢ࡟ࡣ㈶ྠࡋ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪Lisa ࡣ㸪௚ࡢ 3 ேࡀ㑅ᢥࡋࡓ⾜ືࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ఱࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶἽࡁࡘ࠸࡚ࡇࡎ࡟⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛㈐௵ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚࢔ࡢࠕ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ࡜ࡿ⾜ື࡟㈐௵ࢆ࡜ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ┤ど(ࡍࡿ)ࠖࡀṇゎࠋ

2.

࢚ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࣁ࢖࢟ࣥࢢ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ḟࡢ࠺ࡕ࡝ࢀࡀ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠖ
2 ࡘ┠ࡢ Sarah ࡢⓎゝ➨ 5 ᩥ࡟ “We might even come across some other hikers on the way who can help
us with directions.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽඛ㸪௚ࡢࣁ࢖࣮࢝࡟ฟ఍࠺࡜㸪ᣦ♧ࢆ௮ࡆࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛㸪௚ࡢࣁ࢖࣮࢝࡟ฟ఍ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣᮏᩥ࡟ࡣ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚࢚ࡢࠕࡑࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ㐨࡛௚ࡢࣁ࢖࣮࢝࠿ࡽ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࢆཷࡅࡓࠖࡣㄗࡾࠋ

3.

࢘ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪࡝ࢀࡀ┿ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࠿ࠖ
3 ࡘ┠ࡢ Mitch ࡢⓎゝ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ “Let’s keep going!” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪Mitch ࡢᥦ᱌ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ
ᚋ㸪5 ࡘ┠ࡢ Sarah ࡢⓎゝ࡟ “Sorry, Lisa. I’m with them.” ࡜࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ them ࡣ㸪┤๓࡟ Lisa
ࡢᥦ᱌ࢆᣄྰࡋࡓ Mitch ࡜ John ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪Sarrah ࡣ㸪Mitch ࡢᥦ᱌ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ࢘ࡢࠕࢧࣛࡣ⤖ᒁ࣑ࢵࢳࡢ᱌ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡓࠖࡀṇゎࠋ4.

࢚ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㹝㹝㹝㹝ࡔ࡜᥎࡛ࡁࡿࠖ1 ࡘ┠ࡢ Lisa ࡢⓎゝ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟ “This graduation trip is starting to feel a lot less fun.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪4 ேࡣ༞ᴗ᪑⾜୰࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ࢚ࡢࠕࣁ࢖࢟ࣥࢢ୰ࡢ 4 ேࡣ᭱㏆ࡲ࡛Ꮫ⏕ࡔࡗࡓࠖࡀṇゎࠋ5.

࢖ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ື≀ᅬࢆゼࢀࡿ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚࣐ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀゝཬࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡣ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖ4 ࡘ┠ࡢ Iwan ࡢⓎゝ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ “But personally, zoos make me feel sad; I haven’t been to one years.”࡜࠶ࡾ㸪Iwan ⮬㌟ࡣື≀ᅬ࡟ஂࡋࡃ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪Maddie ࡢ඲࡚ࡢⓎゝࢆ
㏻ࡋ࡚㸪࢖ࡢࠕ๓ᅇ㸪⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡀྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞㐲㊊࡟⾜ࡗ࡚௨᮶㸪ஂࡋ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ෆᐜࡢⓎゝࡣ࡞
࠸ࠋ

6.

࢖

ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪Ꮫᰯࡢ㐲㊊࡜ࡋ࡚ື≀ᅬ࡟⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ࡭ࡁ⌮⏤ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ࡘࡣ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖ
2 ࡘ┠ࡢ Karen ࡢⓎゝ࡟ “As teachers, we’ve also got to consider the ethics of keeping animals in zoos.”࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ື≀ᅬ࡟ື≀ࡓࡕࢆᢲࡋ㎸ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ೔⌮ᛶࡀ Karen ࡟ࡼࡾၥ㢟どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ 2ࡘ┠ࡢ Iwan ࡢⓎゝᚋ༙࡟㸪 “~, but I just think there are other ways to support conservation efforts thatdon’t involve keeping animals in captivity.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪Iwan ࡶື≀ࢆᷦࡢ୰࡟ධࢀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡍࡴື≀ಖㆤࡢ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ4 ࡘ┠ࡢ Maddie ࡢⓎゝᚋ༙࡟㸪“~, but you’ve convinced me to rethink.”࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ື≀ಖㆤࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽື≀ᅬ࡟⫯ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ Maddie ࡶ⪃࠼┤ࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀఛ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪ື≀ᅬࡢྰᐃⓗഃ㠃ࢆ⪃៖࡟ධࢀ࡚ୖ࡛㸪 “the Bloom Sanctuary” ࡸ “the IndigenousMammal Center” ࡜࠸ࡗࡓೃ⿵ࡀୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚࢖ࡢࠕື≀ᅬ࡟⾜࠿࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪⏕ᚐࡓҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨࡕࡀఝࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᏛ࡭ࡿ㸪೔⌮࡟࠿࡞ࡗࡓ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀࡶࡗ࡜࠶ࡿࠖࡀṇゎࠋ7.

࢘ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪Karen ࡀ᭱ࡶ㈶ྠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣḟࡢ࡝ࡢពぢ࠿ࠖ3 ࡘ┠ࡢ Karen ࡢⓎゝ࡟ “Yeah, there are non-profit organizations that promote sustainable tourism byallowing people to see animals in their natural ecosystems while using tourist dollars to protect them” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪Karen ࡣ㸪⮬↛࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿື≀ࢆேࠎ࡟ぢࡏ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ᚓࡓ฼┈࡛ື≀ࡢఫࡴ⏕ែ⣔ࢆಖㆤࡍࡿࢧࢫࢸ࢖ࢼࣈࣝࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ⫯ᐃⓗ࡟ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪࢚ࡢࠕࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ฼┈࡜(ື≀ࡢ⏕ᜥ)⎔ቃಖ඲ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀ࡜ࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪㔝⏕ື≀ࡢࡓࡵ࡟࡞ࡿࠖࡣ Karen ࡢពぢ࡟࠿࡞ࡾ㏆࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

8.

࢘ࠕᑐヰᚋ࡟ 3 ேࡢᩍᖌࡀ㑅ᢥࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ࡢࡣ࡝ࡢሙᡤ࠿ࠖ
5 ࡘ┠ࡢ Karen ࡢⓎゝ➨ 1 ᩥ࡛ “the Indigenous Mammal Center” ࢆೃ⿵࡟ᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟⥆ࡃ Maddie ࡜ Iwan ࡢⓎゝࡼࡾ㸪ṧࡾࡢ 2 ேࡀ Karen ࡢពぢ࡟㈶ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ5 ࡘ┠
ࡢ Karen ࡢⓎゝ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟㸪 “It's a place that works to rehabilitate and release injured local wildlife.”࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ᪋タࡣ㸪᛹ᡃࡋࡓᆅඖࡢ㔝⏕⏕≀࡟ࣜࣁࣅࣜࢆ᪋ࡋ࡚⮬↛࡟ᡠࡍ௙஦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪࢘ࡢࠕᆅඖࡢ㔝⏕⏕≀ࢆᩆ࠸ฟࡍ᪋タࠖࡀṇゎࠋ

9.

࢔ ࠕ࣐ࢹ࢕࣮ࡀ “an uphill battle,” ࡜ゝ࠺࡜ࡁ㸪࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㸪㹝㹝㹝㹝࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆゝ࠾࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖୗ⥺㒊ࢆྵࡴ 6 ࡘ┠ࡢ Maddie ࡢⓎゝᚋ༙࡟ࠊ “~, but seeing the animals up close might help.” ࡜࠶ࡾࠊ help ࡢᚋࢁࡣ “students to be excited about area wildlife” ࡀ┬␎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㒊ศࡣࠕࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㛫㏆࡛ື≀ࢆぢࢀࡤࠊ㔝⏕⏕≀࡜࠸࠺ศ㔝࡟⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡀ┠ぬࡵࡿຓࡅ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㛫㏆࡛ື≀ࢆぢࡿᶵ఍ࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠊࡇࡢศ㔝࡟⏕ᚐࡀ┠ぬࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟௙ྥࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᅔ㞴࡞௙஦ࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟ࠊ uphill ࡣࠕᅔ㞴࡞ࠊ㦵ࡢᢡࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࠋ࢔ࡢࠕᅔ㞴࡞௙஦ࠖࡀṇゎࠋ㸳
ၥ 1 ࢘ ࠕࢳࣙࢥ࣮ࣞࢺࡢཎᩱ࢝࢝࢜㇋ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋෑ㢌ࡢ 3 ࡛ࢳࣙࢥ࣮ࣞࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿ chocolate ࢆཷࡅࡿ It ࡀ 1 ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ 3 Ѝ 1 ࡀỴࡲࡿࠋ1 ࡛ࠕࢳࣙࢥ࣮ࣞࢺࡢ
ཎᩱࡀ cocoa beans ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࢆཷࡅࡿ these beans ࡀ 4 ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ 3 Ѝ 4࡜⥆ࡃࠋ4 ࡛ࡣࠕ࢝࢝࢜㇋ࡢᾘ㈝ࡣ௒࠿ࡽᩘ༓ᖺ๓࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝኱㝣࡛ጞࡲࡗࡓࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ㸪ࡇࡢෆᐜࢆཷࡅ࡚ 2 ࡢ “Today, however, ~” ࡟⥆ࡃᩥ࡛ࠕ௒᪥࡛ࡣ࢝࢝࢜㇋ࡢከࡃࡀ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝኱㝣࡛᱂ᇵࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ 4 Ѝ 2 ࡜࠸࠺㡰ᗎࡀỴࡲࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪3 Ѝ 1 Ѝ 4 Ѝ2 ࡀṇゎࠋ
ၥ 2 ࢔ ࠕ୰ᅜ࡛ヰࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿゝㄒࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋෑ㢌ࡢ 4 ࡛ࠕ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣᅜẸࡢ 9 ๭௨ୖࡀᶆ‽୰ᅜㄒࢆヰࡍࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2 ࡛ࡣ “There are also ~ variants” ࠕࡑࡢ࡯࠿࡟㹼ኚ✀ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ 4 Ѝ 2 ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋ1 ࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿ they ࡣ 2 ࡢ୰ࡢ variants ࢆᣦࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ 2 Ѝ 1 ࡜⥆ࡃࠋ1 ࡛ࡣࠕᶆ‽୰ᅜㄒ௨እࡢኚ✀ࢆゝㄒ࡟ศ㢮ࡍࡿ࠿㸪᪉ゝ࡟ศ㢮ࡍࡿ࠿ࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࢆཷࡅ࡚ 3 ࡢጞࡵ࡟ “Either way, ~” ࠕ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ
࡚ࡶࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ 1 Ѝ 3 ࡜࠸࠺㡰ᗎࡀỴࡲࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪4 Ѝ 2 Ѝ 1 Ѝ 3 ࡀṇゎࠋ
ၥ 3 ࢚ ࠕ㔞Ꮚࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋෑ㢌ࡢ 3 ࡛㔞Ꮚࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡣ qubits ࠕ㔞Ꮚࣅࢵࢺࠖࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ4 ࡀ “This occurrence of quits allows ~” ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡾ㸪ࠕ㔞Ꮚࣅࢵࢺࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛㸪㔞Ꮚࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡣᚑ᮶ᆺࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡼࡾࡶィ⟬㏿ᗘࡀࡣࡿ࠿࡟㏿࠸ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ 3 Ѝ 4 ࡜Ỵࡲࡾ㸪᭦࡟ 1 ࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿ this increase in speed ࡣ 3 ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿィ⟬㏿ᗘࡢቑຍࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ 3 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 1 ࡜࠸࠺୪ࡧࡀỴᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪ṇゎ࡜࡞ࡿ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣ࢚㸬3 Ѝ 2 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 1 ௨እ࡟ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠕᚑ᮶ᆺࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࡜㔞Ꮚࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢ௙⤌ࡳࡢ㐪࠸ࠖࡀ
㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 2 ࡀ㸪3 ࡜ 4 ࡢ㛫࡟⨨࠿ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟୙⮬↛ࡉࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ၥ 4 ࢖ ࠕ᠜␲୺⩏⪅ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋෑ㢌ࡢ 4 ࡛ࡣ᠜␲୺⩏࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࢆࡉࡽ࡟ヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ 3 ࡛ࠕ᠜␲୺⩏⪅ࡀ࡝࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⾜࠺࠿ࠖࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ 4Ѝ 3 ࡜⥆ࡃࡢࡀ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1 ࡢጞࡵ࡟࠶ࡿ They ࡣ 3 ࡟࠶ࡿ skeptics ࢆᣦࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ࡜࠿ࡽ 3 Ѝ 1 ࡜⥆ࡃࠋࡑࡋ࡚ 1 ࡟࠶ࡿ errors in reasoning or evidence ࢆཷࡅ࡚ 2 ࡢ୰࡟ sucherrors ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ 1 Ѝ 2 ࡜࠸࠺㡰ᗎࡀỴࡲࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪4 Ѝ 3 Ѝ 1 Ѝ 2 ࡀṇゎࠋ㸴(1) ࢘✵ᡤ(1)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪
ࠕ2019 ᖺࡢ௵ពࡢ᭶࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪑⾜⪅ᩘࡣ 2017 ᖺࡢྠࡌ᭶ࡼࡾࡶ㹼࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ㸪࡝ࡢ᭶ࡢ᪑⾜⪅ᩘࡶ 2019 ᖺࡀ 2017 ᖺࢆୖᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪 “higher than” ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ(2) ࢘✵ᡤ(2)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪
ࠕ2017 ᖺ࡜ 2019 ᖺࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㸪ྛ᭶࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪑⾜⪅ᩘࡢᕪࡢ᭱኱್ࡣ 100 ୓ே௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡾ㹼࡟グ㘓ࡉࢀࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ㸪୧⪅ࡢᕪࡀ᭱ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ100 ୓ேࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ “July” ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(3) ࢘✵ᡤ(3)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕ2018 ᖺ࡟᭱ࡶᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ᭶㛫᪑⾜⪅ᩘࡣ㹼࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ㸪2018 ᖺ࡟᭶㛫ࡢ᪑⾜⪅ᩘࡀ᭱ࡶᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪“January” ࡛ 400,000 ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(4) ࢔✵ᡤ(4)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪
ࠕ2019 ᖺ 㹼㸪2018 ᖺࡢྠࡌ᭶ࡼࡾࡶ᪑⾜⪅ᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ㸪2019 ᖺࡼࡾࡶ 2018 ᖺࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ᭶㛫᪑⾜⪅ᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸᭶ࡣ㸪 “August”“September”“October”“November” ࡜࠸࠺㐃⥆ࡋࡓ 4 ࣨ᭶࡞ࡢ࡛㸪 “For four consecutive monthsin” ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ㸵
(1)“Useless though the senses of touch and taste were, ~”ࠕゐぬ࡜࿡ぬࡣᙺ࡟❧ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪㹼ࠖ<ᙧᐜモ㸩though+ྡモ㸩be> ࡛ࠕ㹼ࡔࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠖࡢព࿡ࠋ
“~, it was possible for the central brain to guide the arm to the reward that the eyes could see through thetransparent walls.”ࠕ୰ᯡ㒊ࡢ⬻ࡀ㸪㏱᫂࡞ቨ㉺ࡋ࡟ぢ࠼ࡓሗ㓘ࡢሙᡤࡲ࡛⮬ศࡢ⭎ࢆᑟ࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿࠖ

(2)“Not only is the octopus one of the rare animals that can distinguish the faces of individuals outside its ownspecies, ~”ࠕࢱࢥࡣ㸪ື≀࡟ࡣ⌋ࡋࡃ㸪௚✀ࡢಶయࡢ㢦ࢆ㆑ู࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪㹼ࠖ<Not only ~ , …>࣐࡛࢝ࣥ but (also) ࢆ௦⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋNot only ࡀᩥ㢌࡟ࡃࡿ࡜ಽ⨨ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋ“~ it will go so far as to play pranks on humans.”ࠕே㛫ࢆ࠿ࡽ࠿࠸ࡉ࠼ࡍࡿࠖ
<go so far as to do ~> ࡛ࠕ㹼ࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࡿࠖࡢពࠋ play pranks on ~ ࡣࠕ㹼ࢆ࠿ࡽ࠿࠺ࠖࡢពࠋ㸶(1) ࠕࡉࡽ࡟㦫ࡃ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㹼ࠖ

What is more surprising, / What is even surprising is that ~ ࡞࡝ࠋࠕᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࠖ

the participants / the subjects ࡞࡝ࠋ๓⪅ࡣ㸪ᮏᩥ୰࡛」ᩘᅇ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࠕ㡢ኌ↓ࡋࡢື⏬ࠖsilent videos ࡞࡝ࠋࠕࡑࡢື⏬ࡢ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢᥥ෗ࠖfairly accurate descriptions of them / an approximate description of them.
ࠕ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓࠖ(2) ࠕ⤖ᯝࠖࠕ㹼࡟ᙺ❧ࡘࠖ

generated / provided ࡞࡝ࠋgenerate ࡣ 6 ⾜┠࡛౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
findings / outcomes / results ࡞࡝ࠋ
help O (to) do ~ ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ⬻༞୰࡞࡝ࡢ⌮⏤࡛ࠖdue to factors such as stroke / for a variety of reasons, including stroke ࡞࡝ࠋࠕヰࡍຊࢆኻࡗࡓࠖ

cannot speak / have lost the ability to speak / deprived of speech ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࠖ

express themselves / give self-expression ࡞࡝ࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨㅮホ㸯㹙㛗ᩥෆᐜ୍⮴㹛 㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕ㬆㚝ἲ(campanology)ࡢṔྐ࡜⌧ᅾࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋෆᐜ㸪タၥ࡜ࡶ࡟≉࡟㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪୍㒊ุ᩿࡟㏞࠺タၥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜ᚓⅬࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ㸰㹙ᩥἲᅄᢥ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧඾ᆺⓗ࡞ฟ㢟ෆᐜ࡛㸪ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜Ꮫ⩦ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤᚓⅬࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ㸱㹙ྠ⩏ㄒ㑅ᢥ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧㞴ࡋ࠸༢ㄒࡣ࡞ࡃṇゎࢆ㑅ࡧࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ▱ࡽ࡞࠸༢ㄒࡶ㸪ᩥ⬦࠿ࡽุ᩿ྍ⬟ࠋ㸲㹙఍ヰ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧๓༙ࡣࠕࣁ࢖࢟ࣥࢢ୰ࡢ௒ᚋࡢ⾜⛬ࢆࡵࡄࡿෆ㍯ࡶࡵࠖࠋᚋ༙ࡣࠕ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㐲㊊ࡢೃ⿵ᆅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩍᖌࡢ㆟ㄽࠖࠋྛタၥࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣṇㄗࡢุ᩿ࢆࡘࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࡀ㸪୍㒊ุ᩿࡟㏞࠺タၥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

㸳㹙ᩥᩚᗎ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ᣦ♧ㄒ㸪௦ྡモ㸪࣐࣮࣮࢝ࢆุ᩿ᇶ‽࡟ࡋ࡚⟅࠼ࢆฟࡏࡿタၥࡀከ࠸ࠋ㸴㹙ᅗ࣭ࢢࣛࣇ㹛㸦᫆㸧㸵㹙࿴ヂ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ㞴㸧 ࠕࢱࢥࡀഛ࠼ࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞▱⬟ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋᵓ㐀ࢆṇࡋࡃᢕᥱࡍࡿࡢࡀ㞴ࢢࣛࣇࢆṇ☜࡟ㄞࡳྲྀࡿຊࢆヨࡍၥ㢟ࡔࡀ㸪≉࡟㞴ࡋࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡃ㸪୍㒊㞴ࡋ࠸༢ㄒࡶྵࡲࢀ㸪ᕪࡀࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸タၥ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸶㹙ⱥヂ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕ⬻ࡢάືࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ AI ࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ே㛫ࡢᛮ⪃ࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿ◊✲ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋㄒᙡࡸ඾ᆺ⾲⌧ࡢ▱㆑࡛ᕪࡀࡘࡃタၥ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

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【受付時間】9：00〜21：00（土日祝可）

大阪府大阪市中央区石町 2‑3‑12 ベルヴォア天満橋
天満橋駅（京阪/ 大阪メトロ谷町線）
より徒歩3 分