Challenge
the Future

Message from the Mayor

Energy for the Future,from Rokkasho Village

Rokkasho Village &Rokkasho Village, which began with the development of Mutsu Ogawara, has
become an important center of Japan's national nuclear power and energy policy. At
the same time, we also cherish our local history, traditions, and culture, cultivatedthrough the untiring efforts of our ancestors. Today, Rokkasho is known far and wide as
an “energy village” with a high concentration of highly varied energy-related industries
and research facilities.

The Nuclear Fuel Cycle 2022

Our world is currently confronting the serious global challenge of climate change andour global energy situation is at a major turning point. In light of this, we recognize thatour village is playing an increasingly important role in the fields of nuclear power andrenewable energy, which are both viable and practical decarbonized sources of energy.
Meanwhile, using the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a driving force for
local development, Rokkasho Village is also striving to create “a sustainable communitythat leaves no one behind,” by comprehensively tackling a variety of social, environmental,
and economic issues. To avoid placing any more burden on future generations, we believethat we must contribute to securing a stable supply of energy to support our lifestyles andeconomic activities, always making safety and security our highest priority.

Cha

We appreciate that nuclear power is particularly important to Japan as a base-load powersource that helps to ensure the long-term stability of our energy supply and demand
structure. We are pleased, therefore, that in 2020 the reprocessing plant and MOX fuelfabrication plant, which will be the core facilities of the nuclear fuel cycle enterprisecentered in Rokkasho, were approved in accordance with new regulatory standards. We
look forward to seeing these facilities completed as soon as possible. As always, safety willbe the top priority.

llengAlong with its nuclear fuel cycle facilities, the village is making effective use of its
energy-related facilities, such as the National Petroleum Stockpiling Base, international
nuclear fusion research and development facilities, large-scale wind power generation
facilities, and mega solar facilities. On top of our commitment to local development,
Rokkasho Village is committed to helping achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 as a vitalenergy base for Japan. In this effort, we look forward to your continued support andcooperation.

es

fo

rt
he

fu

Finally, I hope that this publication will offer you a deeper understanding and appreciationof Rokkasho Village and more widely, of the energy infrastructure and policy of Japan.
Published by Rokkasho Village

Mayor of Rokkasho Village

Mamoru Todatu

475 Nozuki, Obuchi, Rokkasho,
Kamikita, Aomori Prefecture, 039-3212
Tel.: 0175-72-2111

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nd communities

http://www.rokkasho.jp/
Compiled by Rokkasho Village Policy Promotion Ofﬁce
The publication of this booklet was funded by a 2021 publicity and research grant.

Rokkasho Village and Energy
http://www.rokkasho.jp/

Challenge
the Future
Challenges for the future of energy, people,
and communities

Energy is indispensable to our lifestyles and industry. If we want to ensure
healthy, peaceful lives and a sustainable future for everyone, it is time toconsider seriously moving away from the use of petroleum, coal, and otherfossil fuels, which have been our mainstay sources up to now, toward formsof energy that offer new possibilities. Rokkasho Village has been at thecenter of pioneering initiatives focusing on nuclear fuel cycles and various
kinds of renewable energy technology. It remains committed to shaping aprosperous future by continuing to advance the technology and knowledge it
has acquired and creating synergies between energy, people, and communities.

INDEX
Japan and Rokkasho Village from the viewpoint of the world energy situation ……………………………………… 4-5
Decarbonization and Rokkasho Village ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6-7
Energy development in Rokkasho Village and the Mutsu-Ogawara Industrial Park ……………………………… 8-9
Energy diversity and Rokkasho Village industry ………………………………………………………………………… 10-11
Creating resilient communities that support the prosperity of villagers …………………………………………… 12-13
Rokkasho Village and the nuclear fuel cycle ………………………………………………………………………………… 14-17
Safety measures and disaster prevention systems for nuclear fuel cycle facilities …………………………… 18-19
Uranium Enrichment Plant ……………………………………………………………………………… 20-21
Equipment
outlineReprocessing Plant ………………………………………………………………………………………… 22-23
MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant ……………………………………………………………………………… 24-25
Vitrif ied Waste Storage Center ………………………………………………………………………

26-27

Low-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center ……………………………………………………… 28-29
Statistics ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30-31
Subsidy System Under the Three Laws for Power Source Development …………………………………………… 32-33
Timeline of the Mutsu Ogawara Industrial Park and the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Project History ……………… … 34-36
Message from the Mayor of Rokkasho Village ……………………………………………………………………………………37

Japan and Rokkasho Village from the viewpoint of
the world energy situation

Prospects for energy demand ̶Shift from supplying demand to pursuing sustainability̶
The International Energy Agency (IEA) issues future worldenergy demand forecasts based on its Stated Policies Scenario*1
and Sustainable Development Scenario*2. Under the Stated
Policies Scenario, it is estimated that world primary energy
consumption in 2040 will be approximately 17.1 billion tons ofoil equivalent, 19% higher than the 2018 level. On the other
hand, under the Sustainable Development Scenario, it foresees adrop in consumption to 13 billion tons, 9% down on the 2018
level. Under the Stated Policies Scenario, it will be difficult tomeet the 2°C temperature rise limit set by the Paris Agreement,
so it is vital to transition away from the high-CO2 emission
energy of petroleum and coal to low-emissions energy sources
like nuclear and renewable.

■World energy demand outlook(primary energy consumption by source)（Million tons of oil equivalent）

20,00015,00014,300Source:IEA World Energy Outlook2020■14 key ﬁelds in which growth is expected up to 2050
Energy industry

5,000⑤Motor vehicles and storage batteries⑫Housing, building, and next-gen. electric power management②Hydrogen and fuel ammonia⑥Semiconductors and telecommunications⑬Resource recycling③Next-gen. thermal energy⑦Shipping⑭Lifestyle④Nuclear power⑧Distribution, ﬂow of people, public works infrastructure⑩Aircraft⑪Carbon recycling and materials

NuclearNatural gas
Petroleum
Coal

2040
IEA

■Policy tools to push companies to take on challenges①Budget funds■Countries committed to carbon neutrality by 2050

Source： Created by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), based on the Climate Ambition
Allianceʼs submission of a long-term strategy to the UN at COP25 (as of April 30, 2021)* Brazil announced its commitment to carbon neutrality by 2050 at the Leaders Climate Summit (April 2021).
https://climateaction.unfccc.int/views/cooperative-initiative-details.html?id=94（based on 2017 data）

4③Finance④Regulatory reform and standardization⑦World Expo 2025 in Japan⑤International cooperation⑧Youth Working Group on Green Growth

Source: https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/energy̲environment/global̲warming/ggs/index.html, https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2020/12/20201225012/20201225012.html(Stated Policies Scenario) (Sustainable Development Scenario)

would “aim to achieve a carbon-neutral society by 2050 by reducing its net
greenhouse gas emissions to zero.”
Furthermore, at the Leaders Climate Summit in April 2021, Suga
declared that by 2030 Japan would aim to reduce its GHG emissions by
46% relative to the 2013 level, and also that the country would continue
striving to cut emissions by 50%.

of total global CO2
emissions②Tax scheme⑥Promotion of initiatives at university

2040
IEA

Under the Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, all countries are obliged tosubmit greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets. Countries are required toformulate and report strategies for transitioning to a low-GHG emission
economy over the long term. The G7 countries were expected to lead theway in reporting their long-term strategies, beginning in 2020. In October
2020 (then) Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga declared that Japan

125countries &１region
accounting for 39.0%

家庭・オフィス関連産業①Offshore wind power, solar power, geothermal power

Rokkasho Village aims to create a sustainable environment, society, and economy.

From the Paris Agreement to the 2050 Carbon Neutral Declaration ̶2030 targets of each country̶

Including Japan,

Transport and manufacturing

13,020
Other renewableenergy sources

2018

as a growth opportunity, even internationally. Dramatic departures fromconventional thinking and proactive initiatives are expected to bring about
radical changes in industrial structure, as well as in social and economic
conditions, paving the way to a new phase of high economic growth.

⑨Food, agriculture, ﬁshing, forestry

Hydroelectric0Japan’s government has formulated a “Green Growth Strategy ThroughAchieving Carbon Neutrality,” a policy for establishing a virtuous cycle
between the economy and the environment, with the aim of shaping a net
zero carbon society. Global warming is no longer viewed as an economic
restriction or cost. In fact, we are rapidly entering an era in which it is seen

17,085

10,000*1 Stated Policies Scenario: Already announced GHG reduction targets and otherpolicy goals are achieved and existing technologies continue to advance.
*2 Sustainable Development Scenario: All the decarbonization policy packages
recommended by the IEA are implemented (a scenario that conforms to the aims of
the Paris Agreement).

2050 Green growth strategy with carbon neutrality

Rokkasho Village is tackling a wide range of social, environmental, andeconomic challenges with an integrated approach, focusing on community
development centered on the SDGs, in accordance with the Declaration on“SDGs Japan Model,” the 4th Rokkasho Village Comprehensive Promotion
Plan, and the Comprehensive Strategy for Community, Human, andWorkplace Development.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

In the field of energy, it has formulated the Rokkasho Village New
Energy Promotion Plan, as the basis for new energy initiatives across thevillage. With a view to improving the lives of the people of Rokkasho, it isworking hard on sustainable community planning, to solve a wide range of
local issues relating to industry, tourism, welfare, education, environment,
disaster prevention, and urban design.

To enhance the economy,

Cultivate a wide variety of richly individual industries
To enhance human resources,

Foster people and culture to support the future【 Overall 】
Foster leaders of sustainablecommunity planning

To increase peace of mind,

Create healthy, vibrant lifestyles together
To increase safety,

Ensure safety by addressing all kinds of disaster risks
To enhance the natural environment,

Protect, nurture, and communicate the importance of nature
To enhance living environments,

Create convenient, comfortable living spaces
To enhance collaboration,

support sustainable management through public-private partnerships
5Decarbonization and Rokkasho Village

Decarbonization starts from regional JapanThe Council for National and Local Decarbonization has formulated a roadmap and concrete measures for regional decarbonization to serve as a growthstrategy for regional Japan, focusing on initiatives and measures to be
implemented intensively through the decade to 2030. Regional decarbonization is a growth strategy for regional Japan, reflecting the fact that decarbonization is now viewed as an opportunity for growth. Local governments, local

The energy policy roadmap to the realization of decarbonization

2020

The second objective was directed at overcoming the challenge of Japan’s
energy supply and demand structure, as the country struggles to address
climate change, by outlining initiatives for guaranteeing a reliable supplyof energy and reducing energy costs, without any safety risks.

In October 2021, Japan’s Cabinet approved its 6th Energy Basic Plan.
This latest energy basic plan was formulated with two key objectives. The
first was to map out an energy policy road map toward the realization of
new greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for 2030, as announced in
April 2021 as part of Japan’s commitment to carbon neutrality in 2050.

Reference source：https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2021/10/20211022005/20211022005.html

Approx. 934 billion kWhApprox. 1.024 billion kWh

Although economic growth and increasing electrification of technologies are expected todrive up electric power demand, this is likely to be offset by a reduction due to rigorous
energy-saving measures. Total power demand in 2030 is estimated to be approximately 864
billion kWh, while the total amount of electrical energy generated is estimated at around
934 billion kWh. In the power supply sector, efforts are focused on exhaustive energy-saving
measures as well as on maximizing the use of renewable energy, based on the “S+3E”
principles (Safety+Energy Security, Economic Efficiency, and Environment). Furthermore,as a power source that can help to reduce CO2 emissions and increase electricity supply
reliability, nuclear power generation will be included in the energy mix, with safety thehighest priority. Nuclear power is expected to account for around 20-22% of the totalenergy mix. As a power source that contributes to the reduction of CO2 emissions, nuclear
power will also be included in the energy mix, with the utmost importance placed on safety,
provided it can be reliably supplied. Nuclear is expected to deliver approximately 20 to 22%
of total power, which is about the same level of recent years.

Approx. 1,065 billion kWhApprox. 1%

Approx. 18%

Non-fossil:
Approx.
24%

Approx. 6%

Approx. 37%
Fossil:Approx.
76%

Approx.
36-38%

Non-fossil:
Approx.
59%

Fossil:Approx.
41%

Approx.
3%

FY2030LNG

To be implemented along with the development programs such as“Green Food System Strategy,” “Land Transportation Green Challenge,”

Fossil:Approx.
56%③ Everyone makes the effort to actively make use of existing technology

FY2030 (formulated 2015)

Petroleum, etc.

Coal

Renewable energy

Hydrogen and ammonia

A “sustainable zone” is a municipality
capable of producing all the energy andfood needed to sustain its continued
existence. Rokkasho Village’s renewableenergy self-sufficiency rate and food selfsufficiency rate are both higher than 100%.

● Change lifestyle from “mass production, mass consumption, and mass disposal” to “moderate production,
moderate purchase, and recycling”to cut CO2 emissions.

Nuclear Energy

Source: “Sustainable Zone Report 2020,
https://www.isep.or.jp/archives/library/13221

6

150.9％

700,000
Wind power

Rokkasho Village, “new energy town”

Solar power

151.0％

111.8％

500,000

87.9％

300,000 61.5％

Source:Rokkasho Village
New Energy Promotion Plan
(Future Vision and Basic Policy)

262,653kw

Local people live a prosperous life

Basic policy

Aim to enable a prosperous life for local
people, by working resolve various local
issues through the promotion of newenergy.

Rokkasho, “new energy town”

60.0％
40.0％

Future vision

Every local resident feels proudof their locality

Basic policy

20.0％

2015

Future vision

100.0％

313,916kw
314,340kw
80.0％
313,751kw
314,095kw

147,533kw

2014

Future visions
and basic policies

120.0％

112.4％

100,0000

160.0％
140.0％

600,000

200,000● Contribute to regional innovation utilizing local strengths in industry, lifestyle, transportation, public services, and all other ﬁelds.
● Expanding adoption of local renewable energy is a key.
● Various local challenges such as preventing and mitigating disasters and increasing quality of life.

for local
decarbonization

Approx. 26％■Change in cumulative installed capacity of renewable energy

400,000

indicators of local sustainability
through renewable energy

https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/datsutanso/pdf/20210609̲chiiki̲roadmap̲gaiyou.pdf② Help to resolve local issues by taking maximum advantage of renewable energy and other local resources

Key points

Rokkasho Village steadily continues its adoption of renewable energy“Sustainable zones”

Reference source: Local Decarbonization Road Map [outline], Council for National and Local Decarbonization

Source: Created based on “Outline of Basic Energy Plan (Draft),” Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Reference source：https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2021/10/20211022005/20211022005-2.pdf

The quantity of energy soldo under the feed-in
tariff (FIT) in Rokkasho Village as a percentage ofthe village’s total consumption has been increasing
year by year, reaching 151% in 2019. This meansthat Rokkasho has been generating more electricity from renewable sources than it consumes. The
total installed capacity (as of 2019) is 314.34 MW.
Of this, 54% is generated by PV solar panels and
46% by wind generators.

Create resilientand vibrantcommunities allover Japanthroughdecarbonization

Many
decarbonization
dominoesthroughout
Japan● Make the locality more appealing for business and investment, and maintain and improve the competitiveness of local industries.

Approx. Approx. 19%
2%

FY20192050① Use local decarbonization as a local growth strategy

Approx. 27％

Approx. 32%

Approx. 7%①At least 100 decarbonization screening areas②Implement high-priority measures in every corner of the countryNon-fossil:
Approx.
44%

Approx.
20〜22％

Not waiting for 2050

Mobilization of policies
over a ﬁve-year period

Approx.
20-22%
Approx. 20%

2030

and “Green Growth Strategy for Carbon Neutrality in 2050.”

Approx.
22〜24％

Source：https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/datsutanso/pdf/20210609̲chiiki̲roadmap.pdf

2025

Infrastructure measures■Power source distribution

Energy supply and demand outlook for 2030

businesses, citizens, and other stakeholders in the region can play a leading rolein achieving decarbonization by applying existing technologies and maximizing the use of renewable energy and other local resources, thereby stimulating
the economic circulation, addressing local needs such as disaster prevention
and improving the quality of life, and contributing to regional development.

2016

2017

2018

2019

0

Actively promote awareness of newenergy and communicate the villageʼs
initiatives so that villagers can feel proudof their locality.

Future vision

In harmony with the planet and orderly

Basic policy

Promote new energy that is in harmony
with the local community and orderly.

In 2017, Rokkasho Village, which is home
to many energy-related facilities, formulated its“New Energy Promotion Plan.” In accordancewith this plan, it is striving to improve the livesof village residents by tackling multiple
initiatives to resolve a variety of issues connected with industry, tourism, education, andcommunity development through the use of
new forms of energy. This plan can be realized
through the use of renewable energy and otherlocal resources, with local government,
villagers, local companies, and other local
stakeholders playing a leading role. The plan
aims at resolving local challenges like stimulating economic circulation and enhancing thequality of life, which is very similar to the
purpose of the local decarbonization road map.

Source: Ministry of the Environment (chart of emissions by municipality)7

Energy development in Rokkasho Village
and the Mutsu-Ogawara Industrial Park

The Mutsu Ogawara Industrial Park is a national project centered in
Rokkasho Village that serves as the location of a national oil stockpiling baseand nuclear fuel cycle facilities, which are vital to Japan’s national energy
policy. The park is also home to research centers and is employed for a wide
range of other land uses.
The New Mutsu-Ogawara Development Basic Plan, which defines basic

Nuclear fuel cycle facilities

Mutsu-Ogawara Industrial Park aims to be a “Scienceand Technology Innovation Zone.”

d.
an R
a Juk
nsul
Peni
okita
Shim

Rokkasho Visitors Center

Uranium Enrichment Plant

Eos Engineering & Service Co., Ltd.
EES Training Center

Mutsu-Ogawara
National Petroleum Stockpiling Base

Oishi General Sports Park
Rokkasho Village Folk Museum

25

Enrichment and Disposal O ce

MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant

Vitriﬁ ed Waste Storage Center

Low-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center

Large-scale top-class wind power generation

Large-scale photovoltaic solar power generation

Taking advantage of the strong winds that blow in Rokkasho Village
throughout the year, wind power generators have been operating here since2003. There are currently 92 active wind turbines, producing a total of
145,350 kW of power.

The first large-scale photovoltaic (PV) solar power generation facility in
Rokkasho Village was constructed in 2013 on a large expanse of available
land. There are currently three power plants, generating a total power of
168,000 kW.

Mutsu-Ogawara Wind Farm

Ene One Solar Park in Rokkasho

Futamata Wind Development

Eurus Rokkasho Solar Park

Mutsusakae Wind Farm

Kamikita Rokkasho Solar Power Plant

Institute for Environmental Sciences
Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities

Rokkasho IC

Kamikita Rokkasho Solar Power Plant

24

ObuchiMarsh

Ene One Solar Park in Rokkasho
Mutsu-Ogawara Wind Farm

The Sixth Strategic Energy Plan, approved by the Cabinet of Japan in
October 2021, calls for promotion of the nuclear fuel cycle as a basic policy
for making effective use of plutonium and other elements recovered fromspent fuel reprocessing, with a view to increasing the efficiency of resource
utilization and reducing the volume and toxicity of high-level radioactive
waste. The Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant and a MOX fuel plant, which arecentral to the nuclear fuel cycle under this plan, are both located in
Rokkasho Village, along with various other related facilities.

To Mutsu

Yokohama-Fukkoshi IC

24

guidelines through the 2020s, aims at creating a “science and technology
innovation zone” containing centers of environmental, energy, and scienceand technology R&D, as well as growth industries. In the coming years, we
expect to see development that takes maximum advantage of the uniquepotential of this location.

RokkashoVillage Offce

Advanced Molecular Bio-Science
Research Center (AMBIC)

180

25

National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology

180

Aomori Prefecture Quantum
Science Center (QSC)
25

Takahoko
Marsh

Eurus Rokkasho Solar Park
Mutsu-Ogawara
Port

Rokushu Distillery

Spa House Roccapocca

Rokushunkan(local specialties, gifts, restaurant)

Next Generation Energy Park information center(in Rokushunkan)）

Ichiyanagi Marsh

PaciﬁcOcean

Rokkasho Village

International Fusion Energy Research Center (IFERC)

Rokkasho
Next Generation Energy Park
六ヶ所村次世代エネルギーパーク

With its high concentration of energy-related
facilities, including nuclear fuel cycle
facilities, wind power generators, nuclear
fusion energy R&D facilities, and oilstockpiling base, Rokkasho Village is atruly unique part of Japan. The purpose of
the Rokkasho Next Generation Energy
Park is to offer people more opportunity to
see and experience “next-generationenergy” technologies and develop a deeper
understanding of how they should be used.

8

With the goal of realizing the potential of nuclear fusion energy as soon
as possible, IFERC is not only supporting the ITER plan but is also working
on a fusion reactor for implementing the next power generation verificationof ITER. It is also pursuing activities under the “Broader Approach” (BA), a
joint Japan-Europe initiative.

Tamogi MarshLake Ogawara

National petroleum stockpiling baseThis facility was constructed
after the launch of an initiativein 1983 to build the firstnational oil stockpiling base,for the purpose of ensuring astable supply of oil in the eventof an emergency. The facility’s
51 tanks contain enough oil to
supply Japan’s total demand foraround 12 days.

Mutsu Ogawara Industrial Park

National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology

Mutsu-Ogawara National Petroleum Stockpiling Base

9

Energy diversity and Rokkasho Village industry

Industrial promotion and local revitalization through “local production for local consumption” of energy
has a high concentration of renewable energy sources, an advanced modelfor hydrogen use is being examined. This advanced model is expected toachieve an intra-regional economic circulation of local capital that previously flowed out of the region, as well as to promote hydrogen-related industries
and improve BCP measures.

Aomori Prefecture is working to promote its energy industry under the“Aomori Prefecture Energy Industry Promotion Strategy,” which aims at an
optimal mix of energy sources, taking advantage of the respective merits ofrenewable energy, nuclear power, and fossil fuels, while ensuring both
environmental compatibility and economic viability.
One part of the strategy is hydrogen. In Rokkasho Village, which already■Diagram of CO2-free hydrogen utilization model in Rokkasho Village

Toward the decarbonization of local industries
Traditionally, the main industries in the extensive land and beautiful
nature of Rokkasho Village have been agriculture, fishing, and dairy
farming. Now, with the development of the Mutsu-Ogawara Industrial
Park, about 100 companies are now located within the village. Together,
they are helping to shape a science and technology innovation zone that canmake a significant contribution to the world.

At the same time, as the Paris Agreement has accelerated the push to
decarbonization through the disclosure of management strategies to address
climate change and the setting of targets for emission reductions, the abilityof industries to reform their management around decarbonization will be an
important factor for sustainable industrial advancement. The local community must also work together on initiatives.

Aomori Hana Kobo, Co., Ltd.

Aoimori Data Solution Co., Ltd.

http://aomori-hana-kobo.com/
Aomori Hana Kobo is the largest greenhouse potted

Data

Solutions

Co.,

Ltd.

Hydrogen tanks

Public facilities
Pipelineaﬂowering plant operation in Asia, producing some 4state-of-the-art, hybrid, cold-weather extreme data center

million pots of ornamental ﬂowers each year.

that combines the worldʼs highest level of energy-saving

It was established in May 2020 by the Hachinohe

data center functions, which take advantage of theCentral Fruit & Vegetable Group to provide employment

climate characteristics of cold regions, with high-densityand promote industry in Rokkasho Village. In line with its

data center functions, which boast a per-rack power

motto, “A rosy life, living with ﬂowers,” the businesssupply capacity several times higher than conventionaldelivers ﬂowers from Rokkasho to every corner of Japan,

data centers.

helping to bring smiles to the faces of many people.

(fuel cells)

Use of unused power fromrenewable energy source
operates

Detached houses

Electric heat supply area

https://aoimori.co.jp/
Aoimori

Apartment housing

renewable energy

Combining local characteristics like low disaster risk

Although ﬂowers enrich our daily lives, their produc-

and a cold climate with a high-grade, high-density datation typically consumes electricity from the grid as wellcenter, the company is catering to the growing demand

as fossil fuels for illuminating greenhouses and forfor data centers as cloud technologies become more andtemperature control in winter. Green transformation is amore established. Since the operation of data centerschallenge that needs to be addressed in the coming years,

requires a large quantity of electricity, the procurement

so that enterprises like this can continue to operate asof electricity from decarbonized sources is vital to ensure

industries rooted in the local community.

business continuity, given the current trend toward(underground)

Water electrolysis
systemCompressor
Local energy supply
management

Hydrogen stations
Fuel cell vehicle

High-pressure gas
cylinders for saleoutside locality
Fuel cell bus (community bus)

Transportation
outside locality

Mobility
Source: Created based on “Aomori CO2-free Hydrogen Utilization Model Plan” (Outline)

https://www.pref.aomori.lg.jp/soshiki/energy/enerugi/hydrogen̲model̲plan2018.html

carbon neutrality. Along with the pressure caused by the
recent spike in electricity prices, dealing with this issue isan urgent challenge.

Outline of companies located in Mutsu Ogawara Industrial Park
■Aoimori Data Solution Co., Ltd.

■OKAYAMA CONSTRUCTION Co., Ltd.

■Shin-Mutsu-Ogawara Inc.

■Toda Corporation■Misuzu Seiko Co., Ltd.

■AOMORI ADSEC■Kakuhiro Corporation■Seikoh Co., Ltd.

■Tomarikankou Taxi Ltd.

■Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

■ANT Corporation■Kajima Corporation■Sowa Bussan K.K.

■Toriyama Doboku Kogyo K.K.

■Miyago Ryutsu Co., Ltd.

■Aomori Create Co., Ltd.

■Kanamoto Co., Ltd.

■Taisei Corporation■Nagaki Seiki Co., Ltd.

■Mirai Soden Kamikita■Aomori Sanyu Koki K.K.

■Kamigumi Co., Ltd.

■Takada Kougyou Ltd.

■Nishida Gumi Co., Ltd.

■Aomori Sohgo Security Services Co., Ltd.

■Institute for Environmental Sciences■Takada Plant Co., Ltd.

■Nishimatsu Construction Co., Ltd.

■Mutsu Ogawara Gennen Kosan Co., Inc.

■JGC Plantech Aomori Co., Ltd■Kandenko Co., Ltd.

■Tachyon Ltd.

■JGC HOLDINGS CORPORATION■Mutsu-Ogawara Oil Storage Co., Ltd.

■Aomori Wind Development Co., Ltd.

■Kitanihon Kaiji Kogyo Co., Ltd.

■Takenaka Corporation■Nissen Sogo Kaihatsu K.K.

■Mutsu Ogawara Ryokka, K.K.

■Aomori Hoei Industries,LTD.

■Kumagai Gumi Co., Ltd.

■CHIYODA TECHNOL CORPORATION■Nihon Kensetsu Kogyo Co., Ltd.

■Yakuodo Co., Ltd.

■Aomori Records Management■Kurihalant Co., Ltd.

■Tsukuda Corporation■JAPAN NUCLEAR FUEL LIMITED■Yamamizu Engineering &Service Co., Ltd.

■Nuclear Safety Technology Center■Tsuru Sangyo Co., Ltd.

■Nippon Express Company, Limited.

■Ascend Co., Ltd.

■Nuclear Fuel Transport Co., Ltd.

■Tokyo Energy & Systems Inc.

■Nihon Texa Co., Ltd.

■Yurtec Co., Inc.

■Atox Co., Ltd.

■Cosmo Eco Power Co., Ltd.

■Tokyo Nuclear Services Co., Ltd.

■Newtech Co., Ltd.

■Eurus Rokkasho Solar Park G.K.

■ATOM Works Co., Ltd.

■PENTA-OCEAN CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.

■Tokyo Bosai Setsubi Co.,Ltd.

■NESI Inc.

■YOSHIDASANGYO Corporation■ANOVA CORPORATION■Zax Co., Ltd.

■Tosan Co., Ltd.

■Hachinohe Kowan Unso Kaisha Ltd.

■Lake Town Kaizuka Ltd.

■Iyasaka Jidousya Co., Ltd.

■Sanwa Techno Service Co., Ltd.

■Toho Acetylene Co., Ltd.

■Hachinohe Tsuun Co., Ltd.

■Rokkasho Engineering Co., Ltd.

■Eneone Solar Park Rokkasho■CBS Corporation■Tohoku Chemical Co., Ltd.

■Hitachi Systems Power Services, Ltd.

■Rokkasho Gennen Kikaku K.K.

■JTEC Co., Ltd.

■Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc.

■Hitachi, Ltd.

■Rokkasho Gennen Keibi Co., Ltd.

■OCL Corporation■Shimizu Corporation■Tohoku Electric Power Engineering &■Futamata Wind Development Co., Ltd.

■Rokkasho Technos Co., Ltd.

■OLED Aomori Co., Ltd.

■Shimokita Three Hundred Golf Club■OYO Corporation■Jukan Taxi Co., Ltd.

■Tohoku Ryokka Kankyohozen Co., Ltd.

■Hoku Shou Bussan, Corp.

■Oba Construction & Engineering Co., Ltd.

■SHIN NIPPON AIR■Toyo Industries Co., Ltd.

■DCM Nicot Corporation■Tohyoh Building Janitor Co., Inc.

■Maeda Corporation

Village Consortium■Obayashi Corporation

10* Mutsu Ogawara Industrial Park Company Liaison Council is a group that aims to improve
the industrial park based on a spirit of mutual aid, by promoting deeper understanding
between the companies in the park and sharing information related to local development.

TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.

Construction Co., Inc.

■Pesco Co., Ltd.

Rokkasho Corporation G.K.

Construction Co., Ltd.

In Japanese “alphabetical” order
Source: List of members of the Mutsu
Ogawara Industrial Park Company
Liaison Council（As of July 27, 2021）

11

Creating resilient communities that support
the prosperity of villagers

Emergency power transmitted from a local wind generators
In June 2016, Rokkasho Village and Japan Wind Development Co., Ltd. signed an agreement regarding the transmission of emergency power topublic facilities. As a result of this agreement, a system was established to transmit electricity generated at the Rokkasho Village Wind Farm to eight
public facilities using their own power lines. This initiative ensures the availability of long-term power supplies in the event of an emergency.

■Emergency power supply systems
for public facilities

Obuchi Lake Town North District

Managing the health and fostering the security of villagers in times of emergency
installed emergency power generators in public facilities to be used as
evacuation centers. We also installed our own power lines in the
Obuchi area, where the town hall building is located, to ensure theavailability of power in the event of an emergency. In this way, we canbetter manage the health of evacuees and cultivate a sense of security
among local residents.

At the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011,
evacuation shelters were set up in public facilities such as elementaryand junior high schools in the village. However, due to the effects ofprolonged power outages, it was not possible to secure sufficient
lighting, heating, and communication during the night. This hindered
the work of responding to evacuees. Based on this experience, we

Ensuring emergency power
for evacuation centers

Smart houses etc.

ObuchiElementary School

GeneralGymnasium

Medical Center

To Rokkasho Village Wind Power Plant

24

Former Tomari
Junior High School■List of evacuation centerswith emergency generators

Since Rokkasho Village is long and narrow from
north to south, with many dispersed residential areas,a total of 21 evacuation centers have been designated,based on assumptions about the number of evacuees
in each area. Emergency power generators have been
installed in 13 of these evacuation centers to ensure
power supply in the event of a power outage.

むつ市
Meal Service至Center

Junior High School
No. 1

Cultural Exchange Plaza

Tomari Elementary &Junior High School

Town
Hall

Town Hall
No. 2 Branch Office
Paciﬁc
Ocean

179

24

Smart house private power lines
New private power lines

Obuchi MarshTo Misawa City

Bonten-so (care home for the elderly)

24

General gymnasium

ObuchiElementary School

24

Obuchi Elementary School Emergency power supply

Junior HighSchool No.1

Cultural Exchange Plaza Swany
Obuchi
Marsh

25

180
Takahoko
Marsh

180
25
Junior High School No.1 Emergency power supply

Ichiyanagi
Marsh

Chitose Childrenʼs Park

5
Old Chitose
Junior High School

Chitosetai
Elementary School

Junior HighSchool No.2

TamogiMarsh

Minami Elementary School
Minami Childrenʼs Park
Junior High School No.2ㅤEmergency power supply

12

小川原湖

（As of Dec. 2021）

Disaster prevention system to ensure the safety of residents
Rokkasho Village has formulated the“Rokkasho Village Local Disaster Prevention
Plan” for the purpose of protecting the lives,
health, and property of the local community
and residents from any conceivable disaster, as
well as for ensuring the preservation of thelocality and the welfare of its people. The planaddresses the risks of windstorms, flooding,earthquakes, tsunamis, snowstorms, and othernatural disasters, as well as maritime disasters,
large-scale fires, and nuclear threats arisingfrom an accident at a nuclear fuel cycle
facility.
The plan specifies the measures that need tobe taken by the village and disaster prevention-related organizations in the event of adisaster. Under the plan, disaster prevention
drills are conducted in cooperation with thesedisaster organizations on a regular basis, toensure that a functioning and flexible response
system is in place to deal with any kind of
situation that might arise, even in unforeseen
circumstances.

Nuclear emergency drills
To ensure that protective measures such as evacuationof residents can be swiftly implemented in the event or
threat of a nuclear disaster, “the Rokkasho Village
Nuclear Disaster Evacuation Plan” has been formulated.
The plan defines the essential requirements for thevillage response and actions of residents. To ensure
preparedness, Rokkasho Village conducts evacuation
drills in collaboration with the national government,
Aomori Prefecture, and relevant organizations.

Communicating disaster prevention information
Regular preparation for disasters, as well as self-help and mutual
aid in the event of a crisis, can be powerful additional supports topublic assistance, helping to minimize damage. Rokkasho Village isworking to raise awareness of disaster prevention among residents byproviding all households with a disaster prevention guide that covers
a variety of disaster response measures.

13

Rokkasho Village and the nuclear fuel cycle

Extracting Resources from Spent Fuels

In Japan, nuclear power is positioned as an important base load power source that contributes to the stability of the energy supply and demand structure overthe long term as a low-carbon, purely domestic energy source, based on the premise of ensuring safety. Also, from the perspective of effective resource utilizationand minimizing the volume and risks of high-level radioactive waste, Japan’s basic policy is to promote the nuclear fuel cycle, in which spent fuel generated by
nuclear power generation is reprocessed to enable the effective use of plutonium and other recovered materials.

Nuclear fuel cycle systems and initiatives
There are currently three nuclear fuel cycle
facilities operating in Rokkasho Village, a uranium
enrichment plant, a high-level radioactive waste
storage and management center, and a low-level
radioactive waste disposal center. There is also a
reprocessing plant that is still in the test operation
phase, and a MOX fuel plant, which is underconstruction. Both of these are also vital elements ofa nuclear fuel cycle.

To Futamata

In Japan, energy is generated in many different ways and fossil fuelssuch as petroleum and natural gas have generally been used.However, due
to the limited nature of those fuels, nuclear power generation using
uranium as an alternative fuel was developed. Uranium is also a limited
resource, but unlike fossil fuels that end up as ash and carbon dioxide
when burned, uranium can be reused repeatedly through reprocessing.

■Change in electricity generated andpurchased, by power source
To Mutsu

Rokkasho Visitors Center
Uranium
Enrichment Plant（100 million KWh）

7

Oippe River

Iyasakatai
Vitriﬁed Waste
Storage Center

Location of Nuclear Fuel
Cycle Facilities

PaciﬁcOcean

RokkashoVillage Offce●
Oishitai

MOX Fuel
Fabrication Plant（under construction）

Obuchi Marsh

Reprocessing
Plant

Mutsu-Ogawara Port

RokkashoElectrical
Substation

Reprocessing Plant Offce

Takahoko Marsh

Total Amount of Annually Generated Power

Low-level Radioactive
Waste Disposal Center

National
Petroleum
Stockpiling
Base

10000

9396
10 1

8000

0 7,376
12

6000

0
4000

5
2000

Australia, Canada,
U.S.A., etc.

Enriched UF6

Conversion Plant(Recovered uranium)

Uranium Dioxide(UO2)

Recycling

46
27

17
1980

1990

Nuclear Energy

10,902 10,778 10,845 10,584
8

3

7

3

4

5
8

10,404 10,514 10,598 10,512 10,247
6

7

8

8

8

9

8

8

43

41

41

40

38

34

34

33

33

32

32％

14 1

11 0

10 1

10 2

8

7
6

7％
6％

2013

2014

2015

2016

7

29
38

26

41

41

10％
38％

37％

28

18

28

11

9

34

25

9
2000

2010

31

33

15

2011

Reprocessing Plant

Fabrication Plant

18
2012

2

3

2017

2018

2019

Japanese Fiscal Year

Source:Created based on Energy White Paper 2021

Fuel
Assembly

Nuclear Power Plant

Spent fuelAs of October 2020
there are 33 commercial plants
in Japan

UO2 is sintered into pellets
and fabricated withother elements into fuel assemblies

Low-level Radioactive
Waste Disposal Center

Low-level
radioactive
wasteJapanese Uranium Purchase Agreements（As of March 2014)

Tanzania 1%
Jordan 1%

Botswana 1%
Ukraine ２%

Others6％

Uzbekistan ２%

Ch

ina

MOX fuel

Spent fuelUranium Source Reserves（As of January 2019)

Mongolia ２%Interim Storage Facility

14

UF6 undergoes
reduction-oxidation
resulting in uranium
dioxide(Recovered uranium
and plutonium)

Spent
Fuel

Vitriﬁed Waste Disposal Facility

Reconversion Plant(Depleted uranium)

MOX Fuel
Fabrication Plant

Recycling

High-level
radioactive waste

UO2 Powder

Reﬁned uranium reacts toﬂuorine and becomes
uranium hexaﬂuoride

Uranium ore is reﬁned
and becomes yellowcake(High-level Radioactive Waste)

29

Natural Gas

Petroleum, etc.

■Uranium Reserves and Availability

Yellowcake

Vitriﬁed Waste
Storage Center

15

Hydroelectric Power

Coal

Uranium Uranium

Uranium Hexaﬂuoride(UF6)

Reﬁning Plant

10

17

2

Geothermal& “New Energy”*（Note: • “Petroleum, etc.” includes LPG, other gases and bituminous mixtures.
• Due to rounding the total values may not equal 100%.
• Figures within the graph represent the distribution percentages.
* “New energy” is a type of renewable energy that uses established technologies that require promotional assistance.

Nuclear fuel cycle (focused on LWR)

Uranium Mine

22

4,850

0

Natural uranium ore

11,49512000

Enrichment andDisposal Offce

The “nuclear fuel cycle” is the chain of processes ranging from reprocessing spent fuels to reusing them, including safety control concerning
radioactive waste generated in this cycle. With this cycle, effcient and longterm use of limited resources will be possible and a stable supply of energy
can be realized in Japan where resources are rare.

Niger

4％

4％

Brazil 5％

Australia
28％

Conﬁrmablereserves

6.15MtU(less than $130 / kgU)

South Africa
5％Note: • Due to rounding the total
values may not equal 100%
• tU = tons of metallic uranium

Namibia
7％
Russia8％

Kazakhstan
15％
Canada9％Deﬁned Contract
Quantities

Type of
Import Contract

Trading Partners

Long-term Contracts,
Short-term Contracts
and Product
Purchases

Canada,U.K.,
South Africa,
Australia,
France,U.S.A.
and others

Approx.367,900

Development
and Import

Niger, Canada,
Kazakhstan
and others

Approx.83,100

Total(U3O8 short ton)

Approx.

451,000
Note: 1 short ton = approx. 0.907 metric ton

Sourced: Created based on nuclear energy drawings (“Uranium 2020” (OECD/NEA>IAEA),“Atomic Energy Pocket Book 2015” (The Denki Shimbun))

15

Present Status and Activities at Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities

Uranium Fuel Recycling
be reused as well as the newly produced plutonium are collected from thespent fuel through chemical processing, fabricated into MOX fuel at a
MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant, and then used at a nuclear power plant. This
ensures the longterm use and saving of uranium resources.

Natural uranium must undergo the process of refining, conversion,enrichment, reconversion and fabrication in order to become fuel that canbe used for generating power at nuclear power plants. Uranium that has
been spent can be reused by reprocessing it. The portion of uranium that can■Fuel required to operate a 1GW power plant for one year

Rokkasho Village, the following three facilities are already in operation:
the Uranium Enrichment Plant, the Vitrified Waste Storage Center, andthe Low level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center. Once the Reprocessing
Plant and the MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant are operating, a cycle ofuranium enrichment, reprocessing, fuel fabrication and waste management
will be completed, the next big step toward a stable supply of quasi
domestic energy.

Energy resource poor Japan must import much of the fuel used at its
power generation plants. Moreover, Japan also entrusted France andBritain with reprocessing fuels spent at its nuclear power plants. Since
spent fuel can again become an energy resource through reprocessing,Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited has plans to operate a Reprocessing Plant andis currently building a MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant in order to ensure safeand reliable implementation of such reprocessing work in Japan. In■Outline of JNFL Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities
21t
Enriched
Uranium

050

Reprocessing
Plant

100

Location

Iyasakatai, Rokkasho Village, Aomori Prefecture

Capacity

Maximum
Storage capacity
MOX fuel assemblies
reprocessing capacity:
for waste
fordomestic
800tU / year
returned from overseas light water reactors
Storage capacity
2,880 canisters(BWR, PWR)
for spent fuel:of vitriﬁed waste
130tHM / year *3,000tU

0.95Mt

1.55MtPetroleum

2.35Mt

Coal
0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5 （Mt）

Source: Graphical Flip-chart of Nuclear & Energy Related Topics 2015

■Recycling of Uranium Resources (Effcient Use of Resources)
Uranium and plutonium collected at the Reprocessing Plant used in a light water reactor

MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant

Construction
Schedule

1993
Start of construction
Completed ﬁrst half of
2022

Construction
Costs

2.193 trillion JPY

Approx.

Low-level Radioactive
Waste Disposal Center

1992
Start of construction
1995
Start of operation

2010
Start of construction
Completed ﬁrst half of2024

Approx. 125 billion JPY

Approx. 600 billion JPY

70TWh/year*

1.0

1.18

0.5
0.0

5

1

6

Spent Fuel Storage Facilities

0

1

1

Reprocessing Plants

0

1

1

Recyclable-Fuel Storage Company, Ltd.

Waste Management Facilities

2

0

2

Recyclable Fuel Storage Center (spent fuel storage)

Waste Disposal Facilities

2

0

2

Mutsu
RokkashoLight Water Reactor

Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited (JNFL) MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant

Vitriﬁed Waste Storage Center (waste management)(MOX fuel)Uranium Enrichment Plant (uranium enrichment)
Low-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center(waste disposal)(light water reactor)

104t enriched uranium fuel/year（Forming process, etc.）

Approx.160 billion JPY **Fuel Fabrication Plants

Nuclear Power Plant

Uranium Fuel Fabrication Plant

Approx.

250 billion JPY

1990
Start of construction
1992
Start of operation

Reprocessing Plant (reprocessing)Light Water Reactor(single use fuel)

Enriched
Uranium FuelUranium Enrichment Plant

1988
Start of construction
1992
Start of operation

Approx. 125,000 m3(equivalent to approx. 620,000 200ℓ drums)
Increase with approval for No.3 burial
Plan to expand to approximately 600,000 m3(equivalent to approx. 3 million 200ℓ drums)(MOX fuel fabrication)

Recovered
Uranium / Plutonium

Recovered
Uranium

150tSWU / year
Plannedcapacity of
1,500tSWU / year

Under
Operating Construction Total

MOX Fuel

Reprocessing Plant

Oishitai, Rokkasho Village, Aomori Prefecture* tHM (tons of heavy metal) indicates the mass of plutonium and uranium metallic content in MOX fuel** Construction costs for approximately 200,000m3 for low-level radioactive waste (equivalent to 1 million 200ℓ drums)

Effcient Use of Uranium**

1.0

16

Uranium
Enrichment Plant■Diagram of nuclear fuel cycle facilities （as of Aug. 2017）(times）
1.5

104t MOX fuel/year

800tU/year

MOX Fuel
Fabrication Plant（t）

Natural Gas

０Vitriﬁed Waste
Storage Center* 70TWh is equivalent to the annual output of ten
1GW nuclear reactors (Source 1)** By realizing the fast breeder cycle with increased
plutonium use, it is expected that uranium
usability will be increased about 30 times(Source 2)
Nuclear Power Plant(light water reactor)
Source 1) Material from the 5th, 7th and 8th New
Nuclear Policy-Planning Council, Japan Atomic
Energy Commission (2004)
Source 2) “Uranium 2003” by OECD and IAEA
Source: Graphical Flip-chart of Nuclear & Energy
Related Topics 2015

Tokai

Nuclear Science Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (waste burial)
Mitsubishi Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd. (fabrication/reconversion)

Oarai
Yokosuka
Kumatori

Nuclear Fuel Industries Co., Ltd. Tokai Offce (fabrication)
Oarai Research and Development Center,
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (waste management)
Global Nuclear Fuel Japan Co., Ltd. (fabrication)

Nuclear Fuel Industries Co., Ltd.
Kumatori Offce (fabrication)

Source: Nuclear energy drawings (prepared from the website of the Atomic Energy Commission and other sources)

17

Safety measures and disaster prevention systems
for nuclear fuel cycle facilities■Overview of new regulatory standards
for reprocessing plants
The safety measures applied at the reprocessing
plant can be classified as “measures that werepreviously implemented,” as well as “measures thathave been enhanced,” “newly added measures,” and“measures against major accidents,” based on new
regulatory standards designed to improve safety.

New regulatory standards
Measures against serious accidents●Criticality accidents ●Evaporation and drying up due to loss of cooling function●Hydrogen explosion due to radiolysis ●Fire or explosion caused by organic solvent●Signiﬁcant damage to spent fuel, etc

Newly added countermeasures

Added:

Safety Measures■Overview of initiatives to improve safety●Measures against intrusion⇒Greater variety of ﬁre detection equipment⇒Addition of ﬁxed ﬁre extinguishing equipment⇒Measures to mitigate impacts●Measures against earthquakes
and tsunamis⇒Increased standard seismic vibration●Measures against lightning strikes⇒Added protective equipment●Measures against falling aircraft●Measures against external ﬁres

⇒Assess probability of falling aircraft●Measures against external ﬁres

●Measures against power loss

⇒Added ﬁrebreaks●Measures against loss of power⇒Added power transmission system●Measures against ﬁre and explosions●Measures against earthquakes and tsunamis●Measures against falling aircraft

Assessment of falling
aircraft probability

Impact of volcanic activity●Measures against
criticality●Measures against leaks

Ensuring cooling function●Other countermeasures
・Fall prevention
・Decay heat removal
・Radiation shielding, etc

Upgraded

Previously implemented countermeasures●Measures against criticality●Measures against leaks●Other countermeasures
・Prevent falling・Remove decay heat・Radiation shielding etc.

Firebreaks

Transferpump trucks

Combustible pumps
Spent fuelReceiving/storage facility

Fire engines

Access route

Diesel generators

Disaster Prevention Systems

Drills based on
various scenarios

Securing power supplies

Tsunami impact assessment

Power supply trucks

Reprocessing
plantMarine sound exploration
and boring surveys(2 routes, 3 lines)(ﬁtting protective nets)

Research Regarding the Inﬂuence on the Environment
The facility operators and related organizations monitor radioactive material which is discharged from nuclear fuel-related facilities and surveys andresearch are conducted regarding the influence of the radioactive material on the environment and living organisms.

１ Environmental Monitoring

Power transmission lines

Emergency
response station

Water cannon

Tornado countermeasures
Wheel loaders(for debris removal)

To secure power supply
At the Reprocessing Plant a constant power supply is
indispensable in order to maintain important safety features
such as cooling spent fuels and high level radioactive liquid
waste. Therefore, the plant is taking many measures to ensure
the power supply remains stable.
① Two External Power Supply Lines
Power is supplied via two external transmission lines fromthe power company.
② Emergency Diesel Generators
In the event the power supply from the power company is
disrupted, the power necessary to maintain safety features isinsured.
③ Power Supply Trucks
In the case of a malfunction of the emergency diesel generators,
etc. power supply trucks have been deployed.

18●Measures against chemical leaks●Measures against ﬁre and explosion

Previous regulatory standards●Measures against lightning strikes

Cooling towers●Measures against inundation●Measures against volcanic activity

Enhanced measures

In addition to safety measures that have been implemented autonomously, nuclear fuel cycle facilities are currently working on newmeasures inorder to conform to the new regulatory requirements established by the National Government in December of 2013. These regulatory requirements
were based on lessons learned from the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.

Water storage
tanks and vaults●Measures against tornadoes

Earthquake impact assessment

To maintain cooling function
In the event that the equipment responsible for cooling spent fuels and highlevel radioactive liquid waste stops working due to power failure or failures in thesystem, the cooling function is maintained by a backup system that secures a
supply of necessary equipment and water.
④ Water Tanks
The stored water has a volume of 20,000m3. In addition there are also
emergency fire protection water tanks, etc. on site. Moreover, there are plansto set up a new water tank with increased earthquake resistance in order tomeet the new regulatory requirements. This new tank will double the amountof the present volume of water (20,000m3) .
⑤ Fire Engines ⑥Portable Pumps ⑦Large-scale Pumps
In addition to the water tanks, it has also been confirmed that water fromnearby Obuchi Marsh can be used. By using all of this equipment, it ispossible to transport water to the target facility.

The gas and liquid radioactive waste generated in nuclear fuel cycle facilities is processed in a dedicated device inside the facility and then discharged after
ensuring the emissions are suffciently safe. However, to monitor the effect on the environment, Aomori Prefecture and the facility operators measure theamount of radiation in the air of the surrounding area and regularly collect and analyze soil samples, agricultural and livestock products, plants, water samples
from streams and the ocean, marine products, etc. to make sure that the level of radiation is well below that specied in the laws and regulations. Furthermore
the data regarding the radiation in the air, etc. is published via internet services as well
as via displays in public facilities in Rokkasho Village and neighboring municipalities,
at Aomori Prefectural Public Health and Environment Center and at the Prefectural
Office where radiation levels, etc. can be understood at a glance.

２ Surveys and Research Regarding the Effect on the Environmentand Living Organisms
At the Institute for Environmental Sciences research is conducted regarding theeffect of discharged radioactive material on the environment and living organisms. The
results of the surveys and research are published to provide information regarding thiseffect.
Institute for Environmental Sciences

Measures in the Case of Disaster
Nuclear fuel related facilities execute various safety measures to avoid a nuclear
disaster but in the event of one, Aomori Prefecture, Rokkasho Village, the police
departments,fire departments and medical facilities, etc. cooperate with the National
Government and the facility operators for a quick response.
The second floor of the Nuclear Disaster Prevention Research Plaza is designated as an“Off-site Center” (emergency response measures center) and in the case of a serious
incident, related organizations such as the National Government, municipalities andfacility operators come together, form a joint council for countermeasures against
nuclear disasters and share information.

Nuclear Disaster Prevention Research Plaza

19

Equipment outline 1

Uranium Enrichment Plant

Uranium, which is used as fuel at nuclear power plants, contains
U-235 which burns easily and U-238 which does not burn easily.
Since natural uranium ore contains only about 0.7% of U-235, it isnecessary to increase the content to 3-5% in order to use as fuel.
This process is conducted at a uranium enrichment plant. To
increase the U-235 concentration, gaseous uranium compounds(uranium hexafluoride) are put in a centrifuge where high-speed
rotation separates U-238 and U-235. The portion with a high concentration of U-235 is drawn off and sent to the next centrifuge. Enricheduranium that can be used as fuel is created by repeating this process.
Since the facility commenced operation in March 1992 as Japan’s

first commercial uranium enrichment plant, it has established a
track record of safe and stable operation over more than 20 years.
This purely domestic technology boasts a very high level of safety.
The current capacity of the facility is 450 tons SWU/year (theamount of separative work required to enrich enough uranium topower a 1-million-kW-class nuclear power plant for one year isabout 120 tons SWU). The plant is now being steadily upgraded toa new type of centrifuge, resulting ultimately in a production
capacity of around
1,500 tons SWU/year.

Uranium Enrichment Process
Central Control Room of
Uranium Enrichment Plant

Feed Cylinder(48Y cylinder)

Feed
Cylinder Vessel
UF6 is heated,converted from asolid into gas and fed
into the Cascade.

Cascade(centrifuges)

Tails
Cylinder Vessel

UF6 is enriched byrepeated processing
in centrifuges.

Depleted UF6 iscooled, c onver ted
from gas into asolid and collected.

Cold Trap
Enriched UF6 is cooled,converted from gas
into a solid, iscollected and heated,converted backinto gas and sent to
the Product Cylinder
Vessels.

Product
Cylinder Vessel

Homogenization
Vessel

Product Cylinder(30B cylinder)

Enriched UF6 iscooled, converted
from gas into asolid and collected.

Enriched UF6 isheated to a liquidstate, homogenizedand vaporized to betransferred into
Product Cylinders.

Enriched UF6 iscooled, converted
to a solid andcollected.

The Cascade Since a single centrifuge can only enrich uranium by a slight degree, the process

must be repeated by many centrifuges to attain the level of enrichment required. Therefore, a device
that links multiple centrifuges is necessary for efficient operation. This is called a “Cascade.”

UF6 with lower ratio of U-235

Centrifuge Diagram■History of the facility[Phase 2] (RE 2 [450tSWU / year])
1992, July 3rd
Application for modification to nuclear fuelprocessing business license regarding
expansion filed(450tSWU / year)

UF6

UF6 with higher ratio of U-235（supplied from raw material）

1993, July 12th
1993, September 9th
1997, October 7th
1998, April 1st
1998, October 6th
2008, December 6th

2010, January 21st
2010, March 1st
2012, March 9th2013, May 21st
2014-May 21
2017-May 17

License for expansion grantedStart of construction
Start of production at RE 2A (150tSWU / year)
Start of production at RE 2B (150tSWU / year)
Start of production at RE 2C (150tSWU / year)
Application for modification to nuclear fuelRotor
Rotor Casing

Application for compliance with new regulatory standards(application for business modification approval)
Nuclear fuel material processing business modification
approval (375 tons SWU/year)

Outlet for UF6 withhigher ratio of U-235

Inlet for UF6

processing business license regarding renovation filed(75tSWU / year out of 150tSWU / year at RE 2A)
License for renovation grantedStart of construction (75tSWU / year)
Start of production at RE 2A (37.5tSWU / year)
Start of production at RE 2A (37.5tSWU / year)

Cascade（enriched uranium）

Convection[Phase 1] (RE 1 [600tSWU / year])
1987, May 26th
Application for nuclear fuel processing
business license filed
1988, August 10th
License to operate nuclear fuel processing
business granted
1988, October 14th
Start of construction
1992, March 27th
Start of production at RE 1A (150tSWU / year)
1992, December 8th Start of production at RE 1B (150tSWU / year)
1993, May 27th
Start of production at RE 1D (150tSWU / year)
1994, September 21st Start of production at RE 1C (150tSWU / year)（depleted uranium）

Rotation

Feed and Product Cylinder Vessels

Outlet for UF6 withlower ratio of U-235
Motor

Heavy U-238 and light U-235 are separated by inserting the uranium hexafl uoride (UF6) gas into acentrifuge with a rapidly spinning rotor. The light U-235 gathers at the center of the rotor.
By drawing off this gaseous UF6 (with higher concentration of U-235) from the center, enriched uranium

Homogenization Vessels

can be obtained.

20

21

Equipment outline 2
Fossil fuels cannot be reused once burned. On the other
hand, fuel spent at nuclear power plants can be reprocessed
and then reused.The spent fuel contains uranium that remains
unburned as well as plutonium and the role of a reprocessing
plant is to collect and prepare them for reuse.
Spent fuel from nuclear power plants located nationwide istransported in special containers called “casks” to the Reprocessing Plant.Casks are stored in the Storage Pool at the
Reprocessing Plant until the radioactivity weakens sufficiently,
and then spent fuel undergoes chemical treatment for thecollection of uranium and plutonium.

Reprocessing Plant

At the Reprocessing Plant in Rokkasho, these processes are
conducted in separate buildings, with the solutions being sent
to the next stage via pipes in an underground tunnel connecting the buildings.The plant has a maximum processing capacity of 800 tons of uranium per year — equivalent to the fuelspent at about forty 1GW class nuclear power plants.
Currently, active testing (using spent fuel) is in progress toverify the final safety functions and performance of equipment
and facilities before the completion of construction in the firsthalf of FY2022.

Reprocessing Process
Receiving/Storage

Shearing/Dissolving

Separation
Separationof Nuclear
Fission
Products

Shearing

Separationof Uranium
andPlutonium

Puriﬁcation

Denitration

Uranium
Puriﬁcation

Uranium
Denitration

Product Storage

Cask

Uranium Oxide

Dissolving

Storage Pool

Spent Fuel

Cladding Tubes, etc.

Sealed into containers
and stored safely
Uranium

Plutonium

High-level
Radioactive
Liquid Waste

Vitriﬁed andstored safely

UraniumPlutonium
Denitration

Plutonium
Puriﬁcation

Nuclear Fission Products (high-level radioactive waste)

Uranium-Plutonium
Mixed Oxide(MOX)

Metal Chips (cladding tubes, etc.)

Vitriﬁcation Process■History of the facility
1989, March 30th
1992, December 24th
1993, April 28th
1999, December 3rd
2001, July 11th
2004, December 21st
2006, January 22nd
2006, March 31st
2014-Jan 7

2020-Jul 29
2020-Aug 21

Application for reprocessing business filed
Approval for reprocessing business grantedStart of construction
Start of operation
Agreement with COGEMA (now Orano NC)
regarding technical assistance for uranium tests
Start of uranium testing
End of uranium testing
Start of active testing
Application for compliance with new regulatory
standards(application for business modification approval)
Reprocessing business modification approval
Expected completion date of reprocessing plantchanged from “first half of FY2021” to “first half of
FY2022”Central Control Room

Volume: Approx. 150ℓ of solidiﬁed glass

Exhaust Gas

Glass Materials

Weight: Approx. 490kg (empty container: approx. 90kg)

Glass Melting Furnace
Solidiﬁed Glass

Cask Transport

Refractory
Brick

MoltenGlassElectrode（ceramic）

Molten Glass

Canister（stainless steel container）

Solidiﬁed Glass
Spent Fuel Storage Pool

22

［Vitriﬁed Waste Canister Properties］

High-level Radioactive
Liquid Waste

Height:Approx.
134cm

Stainless
Steel Container

Container
Thickness:
Approx.
5mm
Diameter:Approx. 43cm
Source: Graphical Flip-Chart of Nuclear & Energy Related Topics 201523

Equipment outline 3

MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant

U-235. These fuel pellets have the same size and shape as thoseof uranium fuel pellets used at nuclear power plants. The
MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant is being developed to fulfill theaim of producing MOX fuel.

MOX stands for “mixed oxide” (uranium and plutonium).
Natural uranium consists of U-235 which burns easily andU-238 which does not burn easily. Uranium fuel used atnuclear power plants is uranium where the U-235 content has
been increased to 3-5%. MOX fuel is fuel that uses plutonium
extracted from spent fuel at reprocessing plants instead of

MOX Fuel Fabrication Process

Reprocessing
Plant

MOX Powder
Plutonium:Uranium = 1:1

MOX
Powder Mixture
Pressing

Sintering

Grinding (surface)

Pellet Inspection

Reconversion
Plant

Uranium Dioxide
PowderPellet Process

Powder Mixing Process

Packing andShipment

Fuel Assembly Production

Fuel Assembly
Inspection

Fuel Rod Inspection

End Plug Welding

Pellet Loading

NuclearPower
Plant
Packing andFuel Assembly Process

Shipment Process■History of the facility

Fuel Rod Fabrication Process

MOX Fuel Fabrication Facilities Worldwide（as of Jan.. 2021）

1998, October 12th

1998, December 21st
1999, February 26th
1999, June 11th

2000, November 10th
2000, November 10th
2000, November 17th
2000, December 27th

2001, August 24th
2005, April 19th

Request for cooperation from the Federation ofElectric Power Companies of Japan (FEPC) to
Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited (JNFL) regarding
feasibility studies for domestic MOX fuel fabrication
JNFL begins studies
Additional goal of MOX fuel production added
Agreement concluded for technology cooperation withJapan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC)
regarding feasibility studies
JNFL feasibility study report submitted to FEPCFEPC requests JNFL become the operating body on
the condition that the plant is located in Rokkasho
JNFL declared the operating body for MOX fuelfabrication business
Agreement concluded between JNFL and JNC fortechnology cooperation regarding building andoperating the plant
JNFL requests cooperation from Aomori Prefecture andRokkasho Village regarding the establishment of the plant
Basic cooperation agreement concluded between JNFL,
Aomori Prefecture and Rokkasho Village regarding theestablishment of the plant

2005, April 20th

2007, February 20th
2007, May 18th
2008, October 7th
2009, April 16th
2009, June 26th
2009, December 4th
2010, May 13th
2010, May 21st
2010, October 28th
2014, January 7th
2020-Dec 9
2020-Dec 16

JNFL submits application for nuclear fuel fabrication
business license to Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry(METI)JNFL submits amendment to above license application to METIJNFL submits amendment to above license application to METIJNFL submits amendment to above license application to METIJNFL submits amendment to above license application to METIJNFL submits amendment to above license application to METIJNFL submits amendment to above license application to METI
License granted for MOX fuel fabrication business
JNFL notifies METI about modification of construction plan
Start of construction
JNFL applies to Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
for modiffication to MOX fuel fabrication business license
MOX fuel plant business modification approval
Expected completion date of MOX fuel plant waschanged from first half of FY2022 to first half of FY2024.
A basic agreement on location cooperation for the MOX
fuel fabrication facility was concluded

Country

Operator

Location

Reactor Type

Annual Production
Capacity (tHM*/ year)

Commercial
operation

FranceOrano R Melox

Bagnols-surCèze

PWR、BWR

195

1995

Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA)

Tokai Village,
Ibaraki Prefecture

FBR

4.5

1988

Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited(JNFL)

Rokkasho Village,
Aomori Prefecture

PWR、BWR130（max.）First half of
FY2024(completion)

FBFC International

DesselPWR、BWR

200

1960

Japan

Belgium*HM: The metal mass of plutonium and uranium in MOX fuel24

Source: Nuclear energy drawings (prepared from World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2021)

25

Equipment outline 4

Vitrif ied Waste Storage Center

Japanese electric power companies outsource reprocessing ofspent fuel to reprocessing plants in France and the UK. Uranium
and plutonium recovered in this plant are returned to Japanese
power utilities to be reused as nuclear fuel. In addition, the highlevel radioactive waste generated from reprocessing is vitrified,placed in containers called casks, and returned to Japan by sea. The
Vitrified Waste Storage Center safely stores and manages thevitrified waste until final disposal. The storage and inspection areas
are encased by reinforced concrete walls 1.5–2 meters thick toprevent radiation from escaping. Initially, the center had a storage
capacity of 1,440 canisters but the facility has been expanded toaccommodate 2,880 canisters of vitrified waste.
Vitriﬁed Waste Inspection Room

Building Overview
Vitriﬁed Waste Receiving Building

Vitriﬁed Waste Storage Building
Ceiling Crane
Floor Crane

Auxiliary Crane

Temporary Cask
Storage Area
Ceiling Crane

Ceiling Crane

Transfer Area

Vitriﬁed Waste Inspection Room

Cask

Cask
Inspection
Room

Vitriﬁed
Waste

Dolly
Operation Area

Thimble Tube
Vitriﬁed Waste Temporary Storage

Cask Transportation Vehicle■History of the facility
1989, March 30th
1992, April 3rd
1992, May 6th

Application for waste management business license filed
License for waste management business grantedStart of construction［Return of vitriﬁed waste from France begins］
1995, April 26th
Start of operation, first shipment of vitrified waste
received (1 cask, 28 canisters)
1997, March 18th
2nd shipment of vitrified waste received (2 casks, 40 canisters)
1998, March 13th
3rd shipment of vitrified waste received (3 casks, 60 canisters)
1999, April 15th
4th shipment of vitrified waste received (2 casks, 40 canisters)
2000, February 23rd 5th shipment of vitrified waste received (4 casks, 104 canisters)
2001, February 21st 6th shipment of vitrified waste received (8 casks, 192 canisters)
2001, July 30th
Application for modification to waste managementbusiness license regarding expansion filed
2002, January 23rd 7th shipment of vitrified waste received (6 casks, 152 canisters)
2003, July 24th
8th shipment of vitrified waste received (6 casks, 144 canisters)
2003, December 8th License for expansion granted
9th shipment of vitrified waste received (5 casks, 132 canisters)
2004, March 4th
2005, April 20th
10th shipment of vitrified waste received (5 casks, 124 canisters)
2006, March 24th
11th shipment of vitrified waste received (7 casks, 164 canisters)
2007, March 28th
12th shipment of vitrified waste received (6 casks, 130 canisters)[All vitriﬁed waste from France is returned]
2010, March 9th
13th shipment of vitrified waste received (1 cask, 28 canisters)

Flow of casks with vitriﬁed waste
Flow of empty casks[Return of vitriﬁed waste from U.K. begins]2011, April 25th
Vitrified Waste Storage Building B completed
2011, September 15th 14th shipment of vitrified waste received (3 casks, 76 canisters)
2013, February 27th 15th shipment of vitrified waste received (1 cask, 28 canisters)
2014-Jan 7
Application for compliance with new regulatory standards(application for business modification approval)
2014, April 22nd-23rd
16th shipment of vitrified waste received (5 casks, 132 canisters)
2015-Sep 16-17
17th return vitrified waste (5 casks, 124 canisters)
2016-Oct 21-22
18th return of vitrified waste (5 casks, 132 canisters)
2020-Aug 26
Waste management business modification approval

Cask Unloading Crane

26

Storage Pits

Cask Unloading Area

Storage Pits

27

Equipment outline 5

Reprocessing Process

Low-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center

Low-level radioactive waste (waste that has a low degree ofradioactivity) is created during the operation or inspection of
nuclear power plants. Such waste includes the water used forcleaning, the metal equipment used to purify this water
afterwards and insulators. The liquid waste is evaporated andcondensed while burnable waste is incinerated, stored indrums and then solidified with cement, etc. Solids such as
metals are cut, compressed or melted as required, stored indrums, and then solidified using cement-based fillers. The
waste is then stored in the storage facility of each nuclear
power plant, subjected to various inspections, and thentransported to the Low-level Radioactive Waste Disposal
Center. Waste drums arriving at the Center are inspected,
stored in reinforced concrete pits constructed on a solid
foundation and then strictly controlled until the level of radioactivity decreases. The Center currently operates with abusiness license that grants an area of about 80,000m3 for the
disposal of waste at Disposal Facilities No. 1 and No. 2 (equivalent to 400,000 200ℓ drums). There are plans to expand thedisposal area to 600,000m3 in order to accept future low-level
radioactive waste created by nuclear fuel cycle facilities.

Disposal Process

Disposal Facility Illustration

Transportation

Disposal
Facility
No. 1

Waste drums are transferred from the nuclear
power plant to Mutsu-Ogawara Port by a
dedicated transport ship.

Overall Structure

Cross-section of Cell(along a-a axis)

A：132m B：231m
a： 24m b： 24m
Bab

Individual Cell Disposal Facilityaa

The drums are stacked
eight deep in ﬁve rowsof eight.

A

Receiving/Inspection
Drums are inspected to ensurebconformity with technical standards.

b

Cross-section of the Disposal Facility (along b-b axis)

Stacking

Disposal Facility■History of the facility

Filling with Mortar
Cement-based ﬁller (mortar) is poured in thespaces between the drums.

1988, April 27th
1990, November 15th
1990, November 30th
1990, December 8th
1997, January 30th
1998, October 8th
1998, October 12th
2000, October 10th
2018-Aug 1

2021-July 21

28

Application for waste disposal license filed(Disposal Facility No. 1: 40,000m3 [equivalent to 200,000 200 ℓ drums])
License for waste disposal grantedStart of Disposal Facility No. 1 construction
Start of Disposal Facility No. 1 operation
Application for expansion license filed(Disposal Facility No. 2: 40,000m3 [equivalent to 200,000 200 ℓ drums])
License for expansion grantedStart of Disposal Facility No. 2 construction
Start of Disposal Facility No. 2 operation
Application for waste management business modification approval(Equivalent to 211,200 200 ℓ drums or 42,240 m³ for No. 3 burial)(Change to accept No. 2 category waste body for No. 1 burial)(The quantity was changed to the equivalent of 204,800 200 ℓ drums,
or 40,960 m³ of waste for No. 1 burial, and the equivalent of
207,360 200 ℓ drums, or 41,472 m³ of waste for No. 2 burial)
Waste burial business modification approval

Covering
withConcrete

Approx.
6m

Waste Drums
Takahoko
Drainpipe andFormation
Inspection Equipment(bedrock) Inspection Tunnel

Disposal
Facility
No. 2

Approx. 2mApprox. 24m

Bentonite&
Soil Mixture

Drums are stacked inside disposal facility

Earth (4m minimum)

Cement-based Backﬁll
Porous Concrete Layer

Overall Structure

Cross-section of Cell(along a-a axis)

A：152m B：191m
a： 36m b： 37m

The drums are stacked nine
deep in six rows of eight.

Ba

Individual Cell

b

a
a

A

b

b

Disposal Facility

Cross-section of the Disposal Facility (along b-b axis)
Reinforced concrete is placed on top of thedisposal facility and resembles a single rock.

Covering with Soil

Bentonite & Soil Mixture

Disposal Facility
Approx. 37m

Earth (9m minimum)

Approx. 2mApprox.
7m

An inspection tunnel is added and then a bentonite (clay) and soil mixture is used to cover the
disposal facility, increasing impermeability. Earthis then placed on top along with vegetation.

Waste Drums
Cement-based Backﬁll
Takahoko
Formation Inspection Drainpipe andTunnelInspection Equipment Porous Concrete Layer(bedrock)29

Statistics

Resident Livelihood
Village Resident Income Per Capita
Year

Population and Number of Households
Population andNumber of Households
Year
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2012
2015
2018
2021

Numberof Households
2,553
2,716
2,882
3,099
3,218
3,616
4,008
4,430
4,433
4,519
4,519
4,823
4,946

As of March 31st each year

Total
13,901
12,995
12,53912,251
11,636
11,622
11,63911,883
11,225
11,047
10,685
10,45910,099Population
Male
7,055
6,671
6,405
6,229
5,926
6,029
6,114
6,288
5,938
5,864
5,672
5,579
5,487

Age Structure of Population
According to the National Census (ﬁve year periods)
Year

Female
6,846
6,324
6,134
6,022
5,710
5,593
5,525
5,595
5,287
5,183
5,013
4,880
4,612

Age Group

0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85-89
90-94
95-100+Unknown
Total

Source: Civil Registration and Certiﬁcate Section (Basic Resident Register)

Changes in Population and Number ofHouseholds According to the National Census

As of October 1st each year

Year
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020

Numberof Households
2,461
2,520
2,881
2,875
2,921
3,997
5,021
4,729
4,571
4,683
5,194

Total
11,74911,321
11,104
11,003
10,071
11,063
11,84911,401
11,095
10,536
10,367

Population
Male
5,840
5,612
5,463
5,425
4,924
5,914
6,746
6,317
6,186
5,816
5,910

Female
5,909
5,709
5,641
5,578
5,147
5,149
5,103
5,084
4,909
4,720
4,457

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

As of October 1st each year

1995

2000

2005

2010

604
536
566
621
911
897
1,086
1,242
519
564
636
817
920
1,081
1,241
1,499
526
645
830
839
1,070
1,216
1,463
1,843
418
586
640
677
696
749
676
853
583
740
672
465
545
662
855
810
849
944
709
551
776
888
807
605
951
835
656
694
941
817
590
774
740
797
779
796
820
605
776
868
746
874
962
760
581
744
846
807
845
1,104
909
563
714
810
798
622
969
939
659
680
756
767
596
491
855
663
699
694
712
537
460
380
544
643
700
647
508
430
372
339
572
669
632
467
386
323
316
264
590
589
437
352
291
280
220
161
499
356
288
246
199
177
119
119
272
207
181
132
117
78
79
50
130
116
83
60
46
38
18
18
49
40
23
8
13
4
3
4
14
2
2
2
1
1
0
0
126
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,749 11,321 11,104 11,003 10,071 11,063 11,849 11,401

Note: The data from the national census and the Basic Resident Register do not match.
Source: National Census

Village / Prefecture

Village / Country

Prefecture / Country

239
611
889
1,214
1,861
2,867
3,192
19,598
16,104
16,957
16,026
9,841

379
851
1,223
1,563
2,169
2,491
2,410
2,381
2,284
2,374
2,536
2,507

586
1,109
1,706
2,104
2,786
3,029
2,929
3,068
2,827
2,820
3,070
3,198

63.1
71.8
72.7
77.7
85.8
115.1
132.4
823.1
705.1
714.3
631.9
392.5

40.8
55.1
52.1
57.7
66.8
94.7
109.0
638.8
569.6
601.3
522.0
307.7

64.7
76.7
71.7
74.3
77.9
82.2
82.3
77.6
80.8
84.2
82.6
78.4

Source: Municipal Accounts and Aomori Prefecture Accounts

Finances
General Revenue Dedicated Accounts
Year
Category
Village Tax
Local Transfer Tax
Interest Tax Subsidy
Dividends Tax Subsidy
Capital Gains (Stocks, etc.) Tax Subsidy
Enterprise tax contribution
Local Consumption Tax Subsidy
Golf Course Use Tax Subsidy
Automobile Acquisition Tax Subsidy
Environmental performance
discount tax contribution

2011
Amount, 1,000 JPY

6,967,104
60,670
3,239
1,301
258
‑
170,058
6,048
12,482
‑

%
52.4
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
‑
1.3
0.0
0.1
‑

2014
Amount, 1,000 JPY

7,881,026
53,000
2,866
6,451
2,680
‑
201,873
6,154
6,811
‑

%
52.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
‑
1.3
0.0
0.0
‑

2015
Amount, 1,000 JPY

7,221,599
59,985
2,372
4,410
3,075
‑
280,676
4,773
10,163
‑

%
48.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.9
0.0
0.1
‑

2017
Amount, 1,000 JPY

8,384,840
61,672
2,681
2,859
2,542
‑
244,974
5,129
16,465‑

Subsidy for Municipalities Supplying
0.1
9,048
8,482
0.1
8,528
0.0
6,207
Locations for use by U.S. Forces
3,634
0.0
3,209
0.0
Special Local Tax Subsidy
3,064
0.2
24,733
16,514
10,5570.1
0.1
Local Allocation Tax
0.6
8,634
81,804
1,060
0.0
1,151
0.0
Special Traﬃc Safety Measures Subsidy
1,047
0.0
1,219
108,0220.8
114,003
0.8
Allotted Charges and Burden Fees
118,499
2.0
259,450
141,900
133,4640.9
0.9
Rental Fees and Commissions
1.1
129,205
147,466
31.4 3,059,504
4,686,419
National Treasury Disbursements
3,244,744 21.7
24.2
3,220,286
8.8 1,070,016
1,308,113
8.5
Prefectural Disbursements
1,270,702
5.1
675,959
45,3450.8
118,861
0.6
Property Income
85,2190.1
19,59130,3500.3
51,0500.0
Contributions
5.6
1,040
750,150
3.9 1,209,455
584,316
1.7
Transfers
250,784
2.4
325,30347,887
0.4
61,204
2.5
Balance Brought Forward
370,499
0.7
87,993
268,684
1.6
238,2986.7
997,4882.8
369,031
Miscellaneous Income
‑
0.0
‑
2.2
0.8
325,300
109,900
Village Bonds
13,300,252 100.0 14,975,614 100.0 14,906,180 100.0 14,732,581
Total

2018

%
56.9
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
‑
1.7
0.0
0.1
‑

Amount, 1,000 JPY

0.1

2019
Amount, 1,000 JPY

8,507,861
62,311
2,266
2,266
1,723
‑
263,069
4,907
15,226
‑

%
56.2
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
‑
1.7
0.0
0.1
‑

8,722

0.1

4,204
0.0
9,883
0.1
867
0.0
126,5270.7
144,1391.0
20.8 2,917,359
907,2147.3
221,2120.3
20,7900.2
8.2 1,566,812
143,8730.3
215,8781.8‑
0.0
100.0 15,147,109

2020
Amount, 1,000 JPY

7,815,580
64,356
1,183
2,812
1,566
‑
248,000
4,512
9,397
1,982

%
55.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
‑
1.7
0.0
0.1
0.0

7,330,914
68,117
1,194
2,553
3,023
75,326
288,070
4,218
‑
4,570

%
45.8
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0

8,722

0.1

8,706

0.1

0.0
7,550
38,0180.3
0.0
0.1
22,917
0.0
0.1
4,114
1,025
0.0
876
0.0
0.0
32,97630,0430.2
0.8
0.2
139,0701.0
1.0
148,1960.9
4,225,424
19.4
19.3 2,756,695
26.4
964,873
877,806
6.2
6.0
6.0
97,099107,2470.8
1.5
0.6
24,6650.1
0.1
19,1780.2
1,996,663
10.2
10.3 1,449,820
12.5
418,973
2.6
362,9250.9
2.6
289,991
265,171
1.9
1.4
1.8
‑
0.0
0.0
‑
0.0
100.0 14,218,199 100.0 16,007,917 100.0

Changes in Village Tax Revenue

Number of Employees by Industry

30

Country

Source: Financial Statements

Industry

Source: National Census

Income Per Capita, Percentage

Prefecture

2015

399
499
432
482
460
472
409
456
549
533
662
693
638
828
735
864
801
708
676
749
667
805
758
914
819
820
697
522
452
527
487
530
413
410
280
174
83
52
15
20
104
37
11095 10,536

Note: The data from the national census and the Basic Resident Register do not match.
Source: National Census* A value is ﬁxed for 2020.

年次
IndustryPrimary Sector
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Secondary Sector
MiningConstruction
Manufacturing
Tertiary Sector
Electricity, Gas, Heat Supply and Water
Information and Communications
Transport
Wholesale and Retail Trade
Accommodations, Food and Beverage Services
Finance and Insurance
Real Estate
Medical and Welfare Services
Education and Learning Support
Lifestyle-related services, entertainment
Academic research, professional and technical services
Compound Services
Services, N.E.C.
Government Services
Unclassiﬁable
Total

1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2012
2015
2018

Income Per Capita, 1,000 JPY
Village

As of October 1st each year

1985
Number of
Employees

1990％

Number of
Employees

1995％

Number of
Employees

2000％

Number of
Employees

2005
％

1,907
1,385
33
489
1,027
5
818
204
1,712
10
225

40.9
29.7
0.7
10.5
22.0
0.1
17.6
4.4
36.8
0.2
4.8

1,498
1,103
16
379
1,319
19
857
443
1,762
12
168

32.7
24.1
0.3
8.3
28.8
0.4
18.7
9.7
38.4
0.3
3.7

1,176
852
26
298
2,578
30
1,722
826
2,148
15
195

19.9
14.4
0.4
5.0
43.7
0.5
29.2
14.0
36.4
0.3
3.3

957
697
13
247
3,073
27
2,464
582
2,836
23
199

13.9
10.1
0.2
3.6
44.7
0.4
35.8
8.5
41.3
0.3
2.9

481

10.3

495

10.8

619

10.5

646

9.4

58
10
‑
‑
‑
‑
‑
751
177
12
4,658

1.2
0.2
‑
‑
‑
‑
‑
16.1
3.8
0.3
100.0

47
6
‑
‑
‑
‑
‑
833
201
4
4,583

1.0
0.1
‑
‑
‑
‑
‑
18.2
4.4
0.1
100.0

53
63
‑
‑
‑
‑
‑
1,009
194
2
5,904

0.9
1.1
‑
‑
‑
‑
‑
17.1
3.3
0.0
100.0

39
9
‑
‑
‑
‑
‑
1,676
244
9
6,875

0.6
0.1
‑
‑
‑
‑
‑
24.4
3.5
0.1
100.0

2010

2015

Number of
Employees％

Number of
Employees％

Number of
Employees

％

930
674
16
240
2,562
12
989
1,561
2,678
18
5
192
430
212
42
18
263
139
‑
‑
119
1,003
237
26
6,196

15.0
10.9
0.3
3.9
41.3
0.2
16.0
25.2
43.2
0.3
0.1
3.1
6.9
3.4
0.7
0.3
4.2
2.2
‑
‑
1.9
16.2
3.8
0.4
100.0

872
605
11
256
2,443
19
1,050
1,374
2,926
24
45
201
397
234
38
51
308
128
95
356
67
740
242
9
6,250

14.0
9.7
0.2
4.1
39.1
0.3
16.8
22.0
46.8
0.4
0.7
3.2
6.4
3.7
0.6
0.8
4.9
2.0
1.5
5.7
1.1
11.8
3.9
0.1
100.0

787
566
8
213
2,346
23
921
1,402
2848
33
34
182
376
237
24
66
350
140
95
356
99
633
223
31
6,012

13.1
9.4
0.1
3.5
39.0
0.4
15.3
23.3
47.4
0.5
0.6
3.0
6.3
3.9
0.4
1.1
5.8
2.3
1.6
5.9
1.6
10.5
3.7
0.5
100.0

Year
Category
Village Inhabitant Tax
Property Tax
Light Automobile Tax
Village Tobacco Tax
Electricity Tax
Lumber Transaction Tax
Special Landholder Tax
Total

2011
Amount, 1,000 JPY

849,214
5,979,238
20,887
117,765

6,967,104

%
12.2
85.8
0.3
1.7
‑
‑
‑
100.0

2014
Amount, 1,000 JPY

1,013,982
6,722,984
22,812
121,246

7,881,024

%
12.9
85.3
0.3
1.5
‑
‑
‑
100.0

2015
Amount, 1,000 JPY

770,562
6,311,142
22,996
116,896

7,221,596

%
10.7
87.4
0.3
1.6
‑
‑
‑
100.0

2017
Amount, 1,000 JPY

1,145,760
7,101,237
28,329109,5128,384,838

%
13.7
84.7
0.3
1.3
‑
‑
‑
100.0

2018
Amount, 1,000 JPY

1,222,945
7,142,192
29,671
113,051

8,507,859

%
14.4
83.9
0.3
1.3
‑
‑
‑
100.0

2019
Amount, 1,000 JPY

987,463
6,679,210
30,662
118,2447,815,579

%
12.6
85.5
0.4
1.5
‑
‑
‑
100.0

2020
Amount, 1,000 JPY

1,113,539
6,065,843
33,297
118,233

7,330,912

%
15.2
82.7
0.5
1.6
‑
‑
‑
100.0

Source: Financial Statements

General Expenditure Dedicated Accounts
Year

Category
Local Assembly Expense
General Administration Expense
Welfare Expense
Healthcare Expense
Labor Expense
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Expense
Commerce Expense
Civil Engineering Expense
Fire Fighting Expense
Education Expense
Disaster Restoration Expense
Public Debt Expense
Miscellaneous Expenses
Reserve Fund
Total

2011
Amount, 1,000 JPY

157,891
2,147,400
2,630,939
730,057653
939,556
384,838
1,530,004
617,522
1,668,734
4,410
450,252
1,621,539
0
12,883,795

As of October 1st each year

2014%
Amount, 1,000 JPY%
0.9
137,1511.2
2,489,259 16.9
16.7
2,335,254 15.8
20.4
8.7
1,280,345
5.7
0.0
523
0.0
8.0
1,178,981
7.3
1.3
191,519
3.0
6.5
954,406
11.9
5.8
850,8134.8
2,243,847 15.2
13.0
0.0
5,491
0.0
4.0
591,904
3.5
2,494,915 16.9
12.6
0.0
0
0.0
100.0 14,754,408 100.0

2015
Amount, 1,000 JPY

140,228
3,171,592
1,964,780
898,835435
1,948,480
265,790
1,711,878
713,593
2,109,675
0577,918
1,153,163
0
14,656,367

2017

2018

2019

2020
%
Amount, 1,000 JPY%
Amount, 1,000 JPY%
Amount, 1,000 JPY%
Amount, 1,000 JPY%
0.8
125,1261.2
159,0710.9
131,757
0.9
133,4221.0
28.8
4,514,931
18.2
19.2 2,492,162
18.2 2,781,348
21.6 2,608,481
14.3
2,249,726
16.0
17.9 2,192,196
11.6 2,601,422
13.4 1,671,510
7.3
1,149,582
8.1
6.9 1,100,997
998,844
6.6
942,003
6.1
0.0
0
0.0
12
0.0
25
0.0
13
0.0
8.8
1,381,348
5.6
766,340
4.4
632,010
5.7
821,943
13.3
1.2
190,836
1.7
231,8623.9
564,784
8.1
1.8 1,156,769
9.7
1,516,012
11.7
11.1 1,592,260
12.5 1,612,315
11.7 1,798,703
4.7
731,632
5.5
749,4644.9
704,904
5.1
726,1294.9
14.0
2,205,160
12.3
10.4 1,679,447
9.5 1,503,877
14.4 1,362,014
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
6,955
0.0
3.1
489,892
4.2
572,2884.5
647,2645.1
728,6523.9
7.3
1,145,410
15.6
16.1 2,127,125
16.7 2,342,508
7.9 2,395,113
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
100.0 14,351,707 100.0 14,521,058 100.0 13,663,224 100.0 15,699,655 100.0
Source: Financial Statements

31

Subsidy System Under the Three Laws
for Power Source Development

Overview of Project Results
Subsidized Projects for the Development of Power Supply Regions andSubsidized Projects for Electric Power Development Promotion (Japanese FY 1981-2020)
Project
Category

Subsidy Outline

Hard(constructions, etc.)

There is a subsidy system based on the Three Laws for Power Source Development
which supports electric power development. This support is available for the following:
the development of power supply regions, the promotion of the national cooperation andunderstanding regarding the establishment of power supply facilities and the promotionof local understanding regarding the assurance of safety and preservation of the environment. In Rokkasho Village the following subsidies and grants are available with respect tothe establishment of the nuclear fuel cycle facilities and the nearby Higashidori Nuclear
Power Plant.

“Roppu,” indoor heated swimming pool

Facility / Project Name

Subsidized Projects for the Development of Power Supply Regions

AmountAmount ofApplications

Unit: JPY

Main Projects

Roads

6,228,245,920

5,727,597,000

0500,648,920

80

Parks

2,423,411,149

2,292,973,0000130,438,149

23

Makadogawa Tourist Park, Birdwatching Park, Obuchi Lakeside Park, etc.

Water Services

5,063,625,710

4,828,024,000

0

235,601,710

50

Chitose Reservoir Extension, Tomari Small Water Supply System

Communication Infrastructure

2,507,104,372

2,468,235,000

038,869,372

9Facility for receiving individual radio broadcasts for disaster prevention
and administration, facilities for local information infrastructure, etc.

Sports and Recreational Facilities

2,790,367,944

2,560,658,000

0229,709,944

16

No. 3 Baseball Field improvement, Oishi Swimming Pool shelter,indoor heated pool, etc.

Environmental Facilities

1,817,617,800

1,749,592,000

068,025,800

21

Final disposal site for general waste, renewal of sewer pipes in western
treatment area, etc.

Education and Culture Facilities

11,999,678,613

11,079,353,000

194,750,000

725,575,613

53

School lunch center, Cultural Exchange Plaza, No. 2 Junior High School,
International Education & Training Center, community center, etc.

Medical Facilities

5,885,714,234

4,208,271,00001,677,443,234

20

Rokkasho Medical Center, Chitosetai Clinic, medical equipment at
each clinic (Obuchi, Tomari, Chitosetai), etc.

Social Welfare Facilities

4,704,251,994

4,394,233,0000

310,018,994

27

Outside of Obuchi Childcare Center, Bonten-so, Kakehashi Dormitory,
Community Exchange Home, Elderly Care Center hot springs facility, etc.

National Land Conservation Structures(around rivers)

860,871,660

782,800,000

078,071,660

13

Tokusarimae River repair, Oippe River environmental maintenanceproject, Hiranuma River environmental maintenance project,emergency generation for evacuation facilities, etc.

Agriculture,
Forestry and Fishing

6,461,302,000

5,851,457,000

135,978,000

473,867,000

68

Fishery management radar, Uchikonai Farm and Mountain Village
Square, Tomari Cargo Handling Facility, Tomari Icemaking andStorage Facility, artiﬁcial ﬁsh reef improvement project, etc.

Tourism

363,952,981

357,956,000

0

5,996,981

8

Tomari District Event Square, tourist information board, etc.

Commerce, etc.

715,470,000

685,914,000

029,556,000

2Nagaimo Shochu Rokushu Distillery

320,814,000

308,270,000

012,544,000

5Ladder truck with waterway, large chemical ﬁre truck

52,142,428,377

47,295,333,000

330,728,000

4,516,367,377

395

Fireﬁghting Facilities
Total● Measures related to thermal efﬂuent

Events

112,766,326

84,399,346

0

28,366,980

6Snow carnivals, triathlons, etc.

Projects for the promotion of understanding regarding power generation
facilities, etc. These projects include regional development planning, tours ofdeveloped areas, seminars, lectures, examinations as well as the creation ofposters, flyers and pamphlets.

Projects for the promotion of fisheries. These projects include seedling
production, feed supply, fishery workshops, experimental research, surveys ofdeveloped areas, supervision/training/public relations, environmental surveys offishing grounds, surveys of fishery resources, surveys for planning fisherypromotion and basic surveys for the introduction of effective thermal effuent use.

PR / Research Projects

49,811,360

49,200,000

0611,360

1

Study tours of nuclear-related facilities

Regional Vitalization Projects

12,550,953,696

11,165,378,000

01,385,575,696

148

Cultural Exchange Plaza and Childcare Center operation project,educational computer adoption project, academic improvement
promotion project, health and sanitation project, etc.
Seed and seedling release project, acquisition of dairy product manufacturing
technology, survey of expected tastes, acquisition of sales technology, etc.

● Measures for social welfare
Projects that aim at increasing the welfare of local residents. These projects
include medical and social welfare facility upgrades and operation as well as
the Home Helper Project. Additional projects include grants and capital
investment related to welfare measures.
● Measures for assistance regarding the administration of beneﬁts

Soft● Measures for the solicitation of companies and industrial vitalization
Projects for upgrades and operation maintenance of facilities that support thefollowing: the promotion of solicitation of the commerce, agriculture andforestry, fishery and tourism industries as well as modernization of regional
industries and promotion of industry-related technology.

(events, etc.)● Measures for planning and creating regional development● Measures for upgrading public facilities
Projects for upgrades, repair and operation maintenance of public facilities
and industry promotion facilities. These projects include roads, water
services, sports facilities, education and culture facilities, medical and social
welfare facilities.

Projects Supporting the Promotion of
the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Industry

512,264,275

511,697,000

0567,275

18

Projects Supporting the Establishmentof Companies

120,000,000

120,000,000

0

0

1

Crystal Valley-related industry promotion project

Projects Supporting Measures for Planningand Creating Regional Development

37,977,738

37,000,000

0977,738

3

Rokkasho Village development vision creation support project

Nuclear Power Supply Location Beneﬁt

7,750,540,274

7,655,079,919

0

95,460,355

40

Provision of nuclear power location beneﬁts to households and businesses(total from prefecture and village)

Projects for Public Relations/Research Subsidy(nuclear fuel cycle facilities

725,026,905

708,193,555

0

16,833,350

37Inspection training, tours, creation of pamphlets, etc.
Inspection training, tours, creation of pamphlets, etc.

Projects for Public Relations/Research Subsidy(Higashidori Nuclear Power Plant)● Measures for regional vitalization
Projects which vitalize the region. These include projects which support
local industries, projects which marketthe use of local resources that takeadvantage of regional characteristics, projects which promote welfare
services and projects that foster local human resources, etc.

Projects which assist those who administrate benefits that substantiallyreduce electricity fees of general households and factories, etc. that aresupplied with electricity from general power supply companies.

152,548,667

146,236,000

0

6,312,667

39

Total

22,011,889,241

20,477,183,820

0

1,534,705,421

293

Total

74,154,317,618

67,772,516,820

330,728,000

6,051,072,798

688

Breakdown by Subsidy Type regarding Subsidy Results for each Japanese Fiscal Year the Subsidized Projects
for the Development of Power Supply Regions and Subsidized Projects for Electric Power Development Promotion■Development of Power Supply Regions Subsidies

Subsidized Projects for Public Relations● Coordinating communication regarding effect on surrounding residential life

Subsidized Projects for Nuclear Fuel Cycle Subsidies● Projects for regional vitalization● Projects for upgrading public facilities● Projects for welfare measures● Projects for solicitation of companies and industrial vitalization■Electric Power Development Promotion Subsidies

Subsidies for promotional measures concerning the establishment of power supply facilities

27,327,367

PR/Research Subsidies (formerly Measures for Public Relations/Safety Subsidy)

Subsidies for areas surrounding nuclear fuel cycle facilities, etc. (including prefectural beneﬁts)

9,672,808

Grants Regarding Support of Industrial Cultivation in Power Supply Regions

459,099

Total

Subsidies for long-term development of regions with power supply facilities such as nuclear power

Unit: 1,000 JPY

Total

1,126,500

Nuclear fuel cycle subsidies

854,430
86,096
2,067,026

3,314,900
20,379,784

Subsidies concerning nuclear fuel cycle facilities

66,198,158

Subsidy Results for each Japanese Fiscal Year
Development ofElectric PowerPower Supply
Development
Regions Subsidies Promotion Subsidies● Increasing knowledge regarding nuclear power generation● Research regarding effect on surrounding residential life

Total

5,044,200

Total

Research Subsidies (formerly Measures for Public Relations/Safety Subsidies)
under the Electric Power Development Promotion Subsidies

Unit: 1,000 JPY

Subsidies for initial measures concerning the establishment of power supply facilities

Subsidies for prefectural power exports, etc.

32

Distribution

Stand-alone
cost

Hiranuma-Takasegawa line 1, Gengenshu-Nojo Yasakadaira line, Tomari Chuo line,
Chitosetai line 1.No. 2 trunk line, Chitose No. 5 line, Kurauchi-Michinokami line, etc.

Industrial
Promotion
Facilities

International Education and Training Center

Revenue source

Total
Expenses

Development ofElectric PowerPower Supply
Development
Regions Subsidies Promotion Subsidies

Development ofElectric PowerPower Supply
Development
Regions Subsidies Promotion Subsidies

Development ofElectric PowerPower Supply
Development
Regions Subsidies Promotion Subsidies

1981

1,400

1992

1,628,904

29,1002003

1,660,697

27,9002014

3,029,476

159,025

1982

1,400

1993

2,660,266

33,3002004

1,780,926

27,9002015

2,623,708

183,100

1983

1,400

1994

3,421,434

30,1502005

1,640,882

27,9002016

2,695,382

671,112

1984

1,400

1995

3,960,802

29,2502006

1,983,752

29,2502017

2,395,383

20,6181985

10,4001996

3,909,529

35,1992007

2,284,165

29,3602018

2,399,723

23,4901986

10,4001997

670,40236,9092008

1,634,745

29,5882019

2,232,940

24,794

1987

10,400

1998

998,876

47,4002009

2,202,441

23,7502020

2,238,006

855

148,770

10,4001999

967,72147,4002010

2,282,998

22,706

1989

311,897

15,600

2000

771,865

43,8382011

2,624,546

72,250Total 66,198,158

2,067,026

1990

1,226,602

15,600

2001

888,012

39,7782012

3,156,882

65,1001991

974,053

26,613

2002

911,664

27,9002013

3,880,709

123,091

1988

33

Timeline of the Mutsu Ogawara Industrial
Park and the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Project History

1991

July 25th

Safety agreement concluded between Aomori Prefecture, Rokkasho Village and Japan

2006

April 29thCompletion ceremony for Tohoku Device Co., Ltd., the second company established2007

May 28th

Rokkasho Research Center Department of Simulation Science’s National Institute for

Nuclear Fuel Industries Co., Ltd. regarding Uranium Enrichment Plant

under the Aomori Prefecture Crystal Valley Concept

September 20th New Rokkasho Visitors Center opens
1969

May 30th

Cabinet decision made regarding new Comprehensive National Development Plan

March 27th

Start of Uranium Enrichment Plant operation

1970

April 1st

Mutsu Bay-Lake Ogawara Development Section established by Aomori Prefecture

April 3rd

License for vitrified waste storage business granted

June 1st

Broader Approach Agreement goes into effect1971

March 25th

Mutsu-Ogawara Development Co., Ltd. establishedMay 6thStart of Vitrified Waste Storage Center construction

June 22nd

Cabinet verbal understanding given regarding new Mutsu-Ogawara Basic Development Plan

1972

September 14th Cabinet verbal understanding given regarding first Mutsu-Ogawara Basic Development Plan

July 1st

Japan Nuclear Fuel Service Co., Ltd. and Japan Nuclear Fuel Industries Co., Ltd. merge andOctober 24th

ITER Agreement goes into effect

September 21st

Safety agreement concluded between Aomori Prefecture, Rokkasho Village and JNFL

December 25th

Negotiations about land acquisition by Aomori Prefecture Mutsu-Ogawara Development Corporation commenced

1975

December 20th

Second Mutsu-Ogawara Basic Development Plan decided by Aomori Prefecture

1977

August 30th

Cabinet verbal understanding given regarding second Mutsu-Ogawara Basic Development Plan

1978
1979

1992

Mutsu Ogawara Industrial Park1984

May 21st

Start of International Fusion Energy Research Center (IFERC) construction

December 8th

Start of Low-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center operation (First shipment received for Building No. 1)

2010

April 27th

IFERC completion ceremony

December 24th

License for reprocessing business granted

May 13th

JNFL business license for MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant granted by Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry

April 28th

Start of Reprocessing Plant construction

September 30th Tohoku Device Co., Ltd. transfers business to OLED Aomori Co., Ltd.

Basic Plan concerning the Lake Ogawara Comprehensive Development Project declared by Minister of Construction

May 1stRokkasho Visitors Center annex opens

May 8thUrbanization promotion areas as well as urbanization control areas and zones within

November 18th First uranium product shipment sent from Uranium Enrichment Plant

October 1st

Formal decision made regarding the establishment of the National Petroleum Stockpiling

December 2nd

Mutsu-Ogawara Port Plan approved by Minister of Transport

March 23rd

Basic Plan for Water System Construction at Takase River decided

December 6th

1993

March 1st

Mutsu-Ogawara Port groundbreaking ceremony

August 31st

Twelve tanks in the Mutsu-Ogawara National Petroleum Stockpiling Base completed

September 1st

Parts of the Mutsu-Ogawara Port Wharf begin operation (2,000 DWT, 1 berth)April 20th

The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan submits cooperation request to theand JNFL regarding Vitri ed Waste Storage Center

December 1st

Start of ANOVA Co., Ltd. operation

1995

January 30th

Rokkasho Village announces desire for International Thermonuclear

December 28th

Start of operation of new type of centrifuge introduced by JNFL at Uranium Enrichment Plant

2012

March 19th

Start of operation of supercomputer (nickname “Rokuchan”) at IFERC

2013

July 26th

Vitrification testing completed

March 7th

Foundation and excavation work ofbuilding for spent fuel receiving
and storage started

Inauguration of “Rokkasho Promotion Council for Fusion Energy Research

Rokkasho Visitors Center

Facility Establishment”

December 18th

Start of Vitrified Waste Storage Center operation and first shipment of high-level

Governor of Aomori Prefecture regarding the establishment of nuclear fuel cycle facilities onJune 16th

Rokkasho Village submits candidacy proposal to Aomori Prefecture regarding invitation of ITER

change of business license and safety regulations in order to meet new regulatory

the Pacific Ocean side of the Shimokita Peninsula

October 23rd

Aomori Prefecture announces desire for ITER to enter Mutsu-Ogawara Industrial Park

requirements; the completion date of the Reprocessing Plant changed to October of 2014

2014

January 7th

JNFL submits applications to National Government (Nuclear Regulation Authority) for

1998

October 5th

Disaster Prevention Center Office established by Nuclear Safety Technology Center

April 11th

Completion date of the MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant changed to October of 2017 by JNFL

Village regarding cooperation with the establishment of three nuclear fuel cycle facilities in Rokkasho

1999

December 3rd

Start of reprocessing business

October 31stCompletion date of the Reprocessing Plant changed to March of 2016 by JNFL

August 30th

Council for Measures Regarding Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities established by Rokkasho Village

2000

August 4th

Mutsu-Ogawara Development Co., Ltd. dismantled and Shin-Mutsu-Ogawara Inc. established

January 5th

Council for Measures Regarding Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities submits statement of opinion

November 20th JNFL declared operating body of MOX fuel fabrication businesswith thirty-seven requests to the Mayor of Rokkasho Village

December 19thFirst shipment of spent nuclear fuel from domestic nuclear power plants received

May 22nd

Aomori Prefecture, Aomori Prefectural Assembly and Rokkasho Village submit desire for

2001

Above requests acknowledged by entirety of the Rokkasho Village Assembly Council

March 1st

Japan Nuclear Fuel Industries Co., Ltd. established

ITER to enter Mutsu-Ogawara Industrial Park to the Ministry of Education and Culture as

April 18th

Aomori Prefecture and Rokkasho Village accept The Federation of Electric Power Companies’

well as the Science and Technology Agency

National Oil Stockpiling Baserequest to build three nuclear fuel cycle facilities Aomori Prefecture, Rokkasho Village, Japan

June 14th

Start of easy-access Radiation Administrative Information Transmission System upgrade

Nuclear Fuel Industries Co., Ltd. and Japan Nuclear Fuel Service Co., Ltd. conclude theJuly 9th

Start of operation of LCD color filter manufacturing plant by AIS Co., Ltd., the first

October 26th

Rokkasho Visitors Center opens

August 5th

Mutsu-Ogawara Development Co., Ltd. holds groundbreaking ceremony for construction

April 27th

Japan Nuclear Fuel Industries Co., Ltd. submits application for low-level radioactive waste

2015

November 16th Completion date of MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant changed to beginning of 2019 and2016

November 15th Signed a contract with Nuclear Reprocessing Organization of Japan for reprocessing andcompletion date of Reprocessing Plant changed to beginning of 2018 by JNFL
Reprocessing plant construction
at its peak (1999)

August 24th
2002

2017

May 17th
December 22th

Construction of spent fuel receiving
and storage building isin progress and foundation workon pretreatment building started

Uranium enrichment business modification approval (compliance with new regulatory standards)
Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited (JNFL) changed expected completion dates of MOX fuelfabrication facility and reprocessing facility to first half of FY2022, first half of FY2021, respectively.

2018

July 1st

New supercomputer (nicknamed Roku-chan II) commenced operation at National

JNFL submits cooperation request to Aomori Prefecture and Rokkasho Village regarding the2019

April 1st

Japan Nuclear Fuel Cycle Information Center is relocated.

establishment of the MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant in Rokkasho

2020

July 29th

May 31st

Rokkasho Village accepted by the Cabinet as a domestic candidate for the location of ITER

December 1st

Start of Rokkasho Safeguards Center business

2004

December 21st

JNFL brings in first shipment of depleted uranium for uranium testing

2005

January 17th

JNFL begins uranium testing at the Reprocessing Plant

April 19th

“Basic Agreement Regarding Cooperation on the Establishment of the MOX Fuel Fabrication

Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology in Rokkasho Village.
Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited (JNFL) reprocessing business modification approval(to comply with new regulatory standards)

Nuclear Disaster Prevention
Research Plaza

August 21th

JNFL changes expected completion date of reprocessing plant to the first half of FY2022.

August 26th

JNFL Waste management business modification approval

December 16th

Expected completion of MOX fuel fabrication facility changed to first half of FY2024

June 30th

JNFL signs an outsourcing contract for MOX fuel fabrication at the Nuclear Reprocessing(compliance with new regulatory standards)
2021

August 10th

Uranium Enrichment Plant business license granted

October 14th

Start of Uranium Enrichment Plant construction

March 20th

Mutsu-Ogawara Regional and Industrial Development Foundation establishedMarch 30th

Japan Nuclear Fuel Service Co., Ltd. submits application for reprocessing business as well as

June 28th

Construction site of ITER Enterprise in Cadarache, France decided

an application for waste management business license to National Government

October 12th

Aomori Prefecture receives request for the establishment of Broader Approach Activities

July 21th

pertaining to ITER project

September 27th Institute of Environmental Sciences held an online international symposium to commemorate

Fabrication Plant in Rokkasho” concluded between Aomori Prefecture, Rokkasho Village and JNFL
April 20th

November15th

JNFL submits license application to National Government for nuclear fuel material

2006

License for low-level radioactive waste disposal business granted

March 29th

Receiving Spent Fuels as well as Handling Spent Fuels in Storage and During Active Testing at

December 3rd

the Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant” concluded between Aomori Prefecture, Rokkasho Village and JNFL

Institute for Environmental Sciences established

Uranium Enrichment Plant

July 7th

Ceremony to celebrate completion of Blanket Engineering Test Building held at
National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology in Rokkasho Village.

“Agreement Regarding Regional Safety and Environmental Conservation with Concern toNovember 30th Start of Low-level Waste Disposal Center construction

MOX fuel plant,
as of January 2021

Organization of Japan.

processing business regarding MOX fuel fabrication business

November 14th Mutsu-Ogawara Port 5,000 ton wharf completed and begins operation

Reprocessing plant, as of 2019

waste management business.

company established under the Aomori Prefecture Crystal Valley Concept

Cabinet verbal understanding given regarding modi cation of second Mutsu-Ogawara

National
Petroleum Stockpiling Baseand windmill

Government (Nuclear Regulation Authority)

radioactive waste from overseas

January 16th

International Fusion
Energy Research Center(Rokkasho Fusion Institute,
National Institute for Quantum
Science and Technology)

New regulatory requirements regarding nuclear fuel-related facilities enforced by National

April 26th

disposal business license to National Government

34

JNFL expansion of Vitrified Waste Storage Center completed (additional 1,140 canisters)

April 25th

Experimental Reactor (ITER) to enter Mutsu Ogawara Industrial Parksite of nuclear fuel cycle facilities

1990

Tohoku Earthquake

Safety agreement concluded between Aomori Prefecture, Rokkasho Village

Basic Development Plan

1989

Start of MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant construction

March 11th

The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan submits request to Aomori Prefecture and Rokkasho

April 26th

1988

October 28th

December 26th

Japan Nuclear Fuel Service Co., Ltd. established

July 23rd

2011

1994

“Basic Agreement on Cooperation Regarding the Establishment of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities”

1986

Integrated Nuclear Emergency Response Drill regarding the Reprocessing Plant conductedby National Government

2008

July 27th

1985

October 24th

regarding Low-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center

September 13th Mutsu-Ogawara Port designated a “Major Port” by National Government

Base (5.6 million kl) in Mutsu-Ogawara Industrial Park

1983

Inside the Vitriﬁed Waste StoragCenter building

become Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited( JNFL)

Rokkasho’s Urbanization Plan decided anddeclared

1980

Fusion Science (NIFS) established

Waste burial business modification approval (compliance with new regulatory standards)
the 30th anniversary of the project launch.

November 1st
Active testing of r
eprocessing plant started

Prefecture and village held first nuclear emergency drill at JNFL’s nuclear reprocessing
plant since the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Nuclear emergency drills

36