久留米大学医学部（後期） 英語

2024年3月8日実施

㸯㸰
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㸺ゎㄝ㸼
㸯
1.

(d)

Stress is one of the primary reasons of heat (strokes), which leads to deaths, said a notable physician at thepress conference to raise awareness of the issue among office workers during the pandemic.
ࠕࢫࢺࣞࢫࡣ༏‫ݧ‬၏ࡢ୺࡞ཎᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾṚ࡟⮳ࡿ࡜㸪࠶ࡿ㧗ྡ࡞་ᖌࡀグ⪅఍ぢ࡛ㄒࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀ
ࡣࣃࣥࢹ࣑ࢵࢡࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟఍♫ဨ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ὀពႏ㉳ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
ṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ(a) heat damages ࠕ⇕ᦆയࠖ㸪(b) heat transfers ࠕఏ⇕ࠖ㸪(c) heat waves ࠕ⇕Ἴ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ stroke ࡟ࡣࠕ⬻༞୰ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ་Ꮫ⣔ⱥ༢ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚲ㡲ࡢ▱㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
2.

(a)

Physiology is a field of medical science, and it (deals with) the study of how cells, tissues, and living organisms

function in the human body.
ࠕ⏕⌮Ꮫࡣ་Ꮫࡢ୍ศ㔝࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⣽⬊ࡸ⤌⧊ࡸ⏕యᵓ㐀ࡀேయ࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ǛৢƏࠖṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ(b) parts with ~ ࠕ㹼ࢆᡭᨺࡍ㸪㹼࡜ูࢀࡿࠖࠊ(c) adjoins ࠕ㹼࡟㞄᥋ࡍࡿࠖ㸪(d)adjust to ~ ࠕ㹼࡟㡰ᛂࡍࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

3.

(b)

Abolishing drug-related behaviors such as needle sharing is one of the most effective means to reduce the riskof exposure to HIV/AIDS and other (infectious) diseases.
ࠕὀᑕ㔪ࡢ౑࠸ࡲࢃࡋࡢࡼ࠺࡞⸆≀࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽࢆࡸࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪HIV/AIDS ࡸ௚ࡢज़௨⑕࡟࠿࠿ࡿࣜࢫࢡࢆῶࡽࡍ᭱ࡶຠᯝⓗ࡞ᡭẁࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
ṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ(a) zealous ࠕ⇕ᚰ࡞ࠖ㸪(c) impeachable ࠕᙎລࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࠖ㸪(d) interminable ࠕ࠺ࢇࡊࡾࡍࡿ࡯࡝㛗࠸࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
4.

(d)Many major corporations are now grappling with the idea of whether to formally move to a four-day workweek, or to revert back to a five-day work week when (productivity) seems to reach higher levels.
ࠕဃငࣱࡀࡼࡾ㧗࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟฿㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿ᫖௒㸪኱௻ᴗࡢከࡃࡀ㐌 4 ᪥ປാ࡟ṇᘧ࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ㐌 5 ᪥ປാ࡟ᡠࡿ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡟ࡪࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ(a) destruction ࠕ◚ቯࠖ
㸪(b) complexity ࠕ」㞧ࡉࠖࠊ(c) justice ࠕṇ⩏࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ⱥᩥ୰ࡢ⾲⌧࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ <grapple with ~> ࠕ㹼࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ㸪㹼࡜᱁㜚ࡍࡿࠖ㸪 <revert back to ~> ࠕ㹼࡟㏥⾜ࡍࡿࠖࡶ▱ࡗ࡚࠾ࡃ࡜ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
5.

(b)Researchers at an American university discovered a possible benefit of a (molecule) in green tea, which would

be effective for some specific proteins in the brain.
ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ኱Ꮫࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀ㸪⥳ⲔࡢЎ‫ࡿ࠺ࡋࡽࡓࡶࡀ܇‬฼ⅬࢆⓎぢࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣ⬻ෆࡢ≉ᐃࡢࢱࣥࣃ
ࢡ㉁࡟ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡔࠖṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ(a) malice ࠕᝏពࠖ㸪(c) toxin ࠕẘ⣲ࠖ㸪(d) venom ࠕẘ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
6.

(c)Some heart-related websites suggest caffeine intake for improving sports performance. Thus, it was rather
shocking to learn that a trainer suddenly died after a caffeine (overdose) that was roughly equivalent to 200 cupsof coffee.
ࠕᚰ⮚㛵㐃ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧ࢖ࢺࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࢝ࣇ࢙࢖ࣥࡢᦤྲྀࢆ
ᥦၐࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑ㸪࠶ࡿࢺ࣮ࣞࢼ࣮ࡀࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮⣙ 200 ᮼศ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ࢝ࣇ࢙࢖ࣥࡢᢅйઅӕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚✺↛ஸࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡿࡢࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ⾪ᧁⓗࡔࡗࡓࠖṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ(a) discharge ࠕᨺ㟁ࠊ㏥㝔ࠖ㸪(b) malpractice ࠕ་⒪㐣ㄗࠖ
ࠊ(d) abstention ࠕᲠᶒ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
7.

(a)

The death of a child in the city is suspected as being a rare case of brain-eating amoeba. According to one

newspaper, the child might have (contracted) the infection in a warm fresh water environment.
ࠕࡑࡢ⏫࡛Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡀ୍ேṚࢇࡔࡢࡣ㸪⬻㣗ᛶ࢔࣓࣮ࣂ࡟ࡼࡿ⛥࡞⑕౛࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ᪂⪺࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡣ⏕ࡠࡿ࠸Ỉࡀ࠶ࡿ⎔ቃ࡛ឤᰁ⑕࡟፝धƠƨࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓࠖṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ(b) consumed ࠕᾘ㈝ࡋࡓࠖ
ࠊ(c) construed ࠕゎ㔘ࡋࡓࠖ
㸪(d) conjured ࠕᛮ࠸㉳ࡇࡉࡏࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
8.

(d)Very few countries have been recording cases of polio in recent years. Global medical experts have beenworking hard to (eradicate) the disease with uncompromising determination.

ࠕ㏆ᖺ࣏ࣜ࢜ࡢ⑕౛ࢆグ㘓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅜࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࠋୡ⏺୰ࡢ་⒪ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡀࠊ᩿ᅛ࡜ࡋࡓỴព࡛ࡇࡢ⑓ẼࢆఌዌƠࡼ࠺࡜ດຊࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠖṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ(a) proliferate ࠕቑṪࡍࡿࠖ
㸪(b) intervene ࠕ௓ධࡍࡿࠖࠊ(c) dilute ࠕᕼ㔘ࡍࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸰
1.

ᮏᩥࡢ୺㢟ࡣࠕ኱⭠ࡀࢇᝈ⪅ࡢⱝᖺ໬࡜ࡑࡢᑐᛂ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ(a)ࡢࠕࡇࡢഴྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡞ㄝ᫂ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪3 ᭶࡟ Science ㄅ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊ⎔ቃⓗせᅉࡸ㑇ఏⓗせᅉ࡞࡝ࢆྵࡵ㸪࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⌮⏤ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ෆᐜࡣ㸪➨ 1 ᩥ࡟᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ኱⭠ࡀࢇࡣ㧗㱋⪅ࡀ⨯ᝈࡍࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡀ㸪⡿ᅜࡀࢇ༠఍࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪
1995 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 10 ே࡟ 1 ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ 5 ே࡟ 1 ேࡀ 55 ṓᮍ‶࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ෆᐜ࡟⥆ࡃࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ(a)ࡣ๐㝖ࡏࡎ࡟࠾ࡃࡢࡀࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ(b)ࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࡀࢇࢆ␲ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ேࡓࡕࡢ᳨
デ⋡ࡢపࡉࡸㄗデࡶ୍ᙺ㈙ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡶ㸪➨㸯ᩥࡢẚ㍑ⓗⱝ࠸ேࡓࡕࡢ኱⭠ࡀࢇࡢ⨯ᝈ⋡ࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⌮⏤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୙せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪➨ 1 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟࠶ࡿ(c)ࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ༑ศ᪩ᮇ࡟Ⓨぢࡉࢀࢀࡤ⏕Ꮡ⋡ࡣ 90㸣࡛࠶ࡿ࡛ࠖ
࠶ࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ┤๓ࡢ୍ᩥ࡜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀࡼࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶ㸪┤๓ࡢᩥ࡛ࣁ࣮ࣦ࢓࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ་Ꮫ
㒊ᩍᤵࡢⓎゝࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢព࿡ࡀࠕࠗ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ㸪኱⭠ࡀࢇࢆ㧗㱋⪅ࡔࡅࡢ⑓Ẽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ẁ㝵࡟ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛࠘ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ኱⭠ࡀࢇࡀⱝᖺᒙ࡟ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ‽ഛⓗ࡞⪃ᐹࡋ࠿㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡢẁ㝵࡛㸪኱⭠ࡀࢇࡢ⏕Ꮡ⋡ࡢヰࢆᤄධࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪၈✺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚(d)ࡶ᳨ウࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ(d)ࢆྵࡴ➨ 2 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣ➨ 1 ᩥ࡛㸪ෆど㙾᳨ᰝࡀ኱⭠ࡀࢇࡢண㜵࡜᪩ᮇⓎぢࡢࡓࡵࡢࡍࡄࢀࡓ㐨ල࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽ㸪㐍⾜ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ኱⭠ࡀࢇࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ៧៖ࡍ࡭ࡁ஦ែࡔ࡜࠸࠺㊃᪨ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(d)ࡣࠕⱝᖺᒙ࡛ࡢ⨯ᝈ⋡ࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊྜ⾗ᅜண㜵་⒪ᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍ࡣ 2021 ᖺ 5 ᭶ࠊ50 ṓ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ 45 ṓ࠿ࡽ᳨デࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿࡼ࠺᥎ዡෆᐜࢆኚ᭦ࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ෆᐜ࡛㸪ୖ㏙ࡢ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟⥆ࡅࡿࡢ࡟㐺ࡍࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪(c)ࡀ୙せᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸺඲ヂ㸼 ኱⭠ࡀࢇࡣ㧗㱋⪅ࡀ⨯ᝈࡍࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡀ㸪⡿ᅜࡀࢇ༠఍࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪1995 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 10 ே࡟ 1 ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ 5 ே࡟ 1 ேࡀ 55 ṓᮍ‶࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(a)ࡇࡢഴྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡞ㄝ᫂ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪3 ᭶࡟ Science ㄅ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊ⎔ቃⓗせᅉࡸ㑇ఏⓗせᅉ࡞࡝ࢆྵࡵ㸪࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⌮⏤ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(b)ࡀࢇࢆ␲ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ேࡓࡕࡢ᳨
デ⋡ࡢపࡉࡸㄗデࡶ୍ᙺ㈙ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋࣁ࣮ࣦ࢓࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ་Ꮫ㒊ᩍᤵ࡛࣐ࢧࢳ࣮ࣗࢭࢵࢶ⥲ྜ⑓㝔ᾘ໬ჾෆ⛉๪㒊㛗ࡢ࢔ࣥࢻ࣮࣭ࣜࣗࢳࣕࣥẶࡣࠊࠕ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ㸪኱⭠ࡀࢇࢆ㧗㱋⪅ࡔࡅࡢ⑓Ẽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ẁ㝵࡟ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜ㄒࡗࡓࠋ኱⭠ෆど㙾᳨ᰝࡣࠕ๓ࡀࢇ⑓ኚࢆᐇ㝿࡟᳨ฟࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࢽࣥࢢ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊ኱⭠ࡀࢇࡢண㜵࡜᪩ᮇⓎぢࡢࡓࡵࡢࡍࡄࢀࡓࢶ࣮࡛ࣝࠖ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡣ≉࡟ᠱᛕࡍ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜➹㢌ⴭ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ㸪⡿ᅜࡀࢇ༠఍ࡢࡀࢇࢧ࣮ࣦ࢙࢖ࣛࣥࢫ◊✲ࡢୖ⣭⫋ࡢࣞ࣋ࢵ࣭࢝ࢩ࣮ࢤࣝẶࡀㄒࡗࡓࠋ[ࡇࡇ࡟ᮏ᮶(c)ࡢ 1 ᩥࡀධࡿ] (d)ⱝᖺᒙ࡛ࡢ⨯ᝈ⋡ࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊྜ⾗ᅜண㜵་⒪ᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍ࡣ 2021 ᖺ 5 ᭶ࠊ50 ṓ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ 45 ṓ࠿ࡽ᳨デࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿࡼ࠺᥎ዡෆᐜࢆኚ᭦ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪༴㝤ᅉᏊࢆᣢࡘேࡣࡶࡗ࡜ࡎࡗ࡜᪩ࡃጞࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜ࢩ࣮ࢤࣝẶࡣㄒࡗࡓࠋᙼዪࡣ㸪኱⭠ࡀࢇࡢ 3 ศࡢ 1 ㏆ࡃࡣᐙ᪘Ṕࡀ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋ(๐㝖ᩥ) (c) ༑ศ᪩ᮇ࡟Ⓨぢࡉࢀࢀࡤ⏕Ꮡ⋡ࡣ 90%࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
2.

ᮏᩥࡢ୺㢟ࡣࠕNASA ࡢࢪ࢙࢖࣒ࢬ࣭࢙࢘ࢵࣈᏱᐂᮃ㐲㙾ࢆ౑ࡗࡓᮌᫍࡢほ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ(a)࡜

(b)ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ➨ 2 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢪ࢙࢖࣒ࢬ࣭࢙࢘ࢵࣈࡢᏱᐂᮃ㐲㙾ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ほࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸

ࡿࠋ(a)ࡣࠕྜᡂ⏬ീࡣኳᩥྎࡢ㏆㉥እ⥺࣓࢝ࣛ㸦NIRCam㸧࡛᧜ᙳࡉࢀࠊ㉥እගࡣே㛫ࡢ┠࡟ࡣぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ேᕤⓗ࡟╔Ⰽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟⥆ࡅ࡚㸪(b)ࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ⣙୍㐌㛫๓࡟㸪࣮࣌ࢱ࣮ࡣᙼዪࡢ◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒ࡀᮌᫍࡢ஧ࡘࡢ⾨ᫍࢆほ࿌ࡋࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ࡝ࡕࡽࡶᮌᫍࡢほࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ⅆᒣάືࡢ඙ೃࢆⓎぢࡋࡓ࡜ሗ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ᝟ሗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㐃⥆ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛(b)ࡢ┤ᚋࡢ୍ᩥࢆぢࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍ᩥࡢព࿡ࡣࠕᮌᫍࡢ໭ࡢᴟ࡜༡ࡢᴟࢆそ࠺࣮࢜ࣟࣛࡣ㉥ࡃ㸪ᆅ⌫ࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ᔒ࡛࠶ࡿ኱㉥ᩬࡣⓑࡃࡳ࠼ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⰍ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡣ㸪㏆㉥እ⥺࣓࡛࢝ࣛ᧜ᙳࡋࡑࡢ⏬ീࡀேᕤⓗ࡟╔Ⰽࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡜ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪(a)ࢆṧࡋ࡚㸪(b)ࢆ๐㝖ࡍࡿࠋ(c)ࡣ “the region” ࡀ┤๓ࡢ㸯ᩥࡢ “a region of space called the second Lagrange Point” ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࡑࡢࡲࡲṧࡍࡢࡀࡼ࠸ࠋ᭱ᚋࡢ(d)ࡣ㸪๓ࡢᩥ࡜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ࠶ࡲࡾࡼࡃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡶぢ࠼ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢᩥ❶඲యࡀࢪ࢙࢖࣒ࢬ࣭࢙࢘ࢵࣈᏱᐂᮃ㐲㙾ࢆ౑ࡗࡓᮌᫍࡢほࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜㸪(d)ࡢҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨෆᐜࡀࡑࡢࢪ࢙࢖࣒ࢬ࣭࢙࢘ࢵࣈᏱᐂᮃ㐲㙾ࡣྛᅜࡢᏱᐂ㛤Ⓨᶵ㛵ࡢ༠ാసᴗࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࡢᩥ❶ࡢᮎᑿ࡟⨨࠸࡚⤖ㄒ࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ၥ㢟ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚(b)ࡀ୙せᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸺඲ヂ㸼 NASA ࡢࢪ࢙࢖࣒ࢬ࣭࢙࢘ࢵࣈᏱᐂᮃ㐲㙾ࡀ㸪2 ࡘࡢᑠࡉ࡞⾨ᫍࠊᕼⷧ࡞⎔ࠊࡑࡋ࡚໭ᴟ࡜༡ᴟࡢ࣮࢜ࣟࣛࢆᫎࡋฟࡋࡓᮌᫍࡢ⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸⏬ീࢆ᧜ᙳࡋࡓࠋ࢝ࣜࣇ࢛ࣝࢽ࢔኱Ꮫࣂ࣮ࢡ࣮ࣞᰯࡢᝨᫍኳᩥᏛ⪅ࠊ࢖࣒ࢣ࣭ࢻ࣭࣮࣌ࢱ࣮ࡣࡇ࠺ゝ࠺ࠋࠕᮌᫍ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヲ⣽࡜ᮌᫍࡢ⎔ࡸᑠࡉ࡞⾨ᫍࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ㖟Ἑࡲ࡛ࡶ㸪୍ࡘࡢ⏬ീ࡛ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣࠊᮏᙜ࡟㦫ࡃ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠖࠋࢻ࣭࣮࣌ࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪ࣃࣜኳᩥྎࡢࢸ࢕࢚࣮࣭ࣜࣇ࣮ࢩ࢙࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ኴ㝧⣔᭱኱ࡢᝨ࡛ᫍ࠶ࡿᮌᫍࡢほࢆᣦ᥹ࡋࡓࠋྜᡂ⏬ീࡣኳᩥྎࡢ㏆㉥እ⥺࣓࢝ࣛ㸦NIRCam㸧࡛᧜ᙳࡉࢀࠊ㉥እගࡣே㛫ࡢ┠࡟ࡣぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ேᕤⓗ࡟╔Ⰽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮌᫍࡢ໭ᴟ࡜༡ᴟࢆそ࠺࣮࢜ࣟࣛࡣ㉥ࡃ㸪ᆅ⌫ࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ᔒ࡛࠶ࡿ኱㉥ᩬࡣⓑࡃࡳ࠼ࡿࠋ
ᮌᫍࡢᕼⷧ࡞⎔࡜ࡑࡢ⾨ᫍ࢔࣐ࣝࢸ࢔࡜࢔ࢻࣛࢫࢸ࢔ࡶ෗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2021 ᖺ 12 ᭶࡟࢔ࣜ࢔ࣥ 5 ࣟࢣࢵࢺ࡛ࣇࣛࣥࢫ㡿ࢠ࢔ࢼ࠿ࡽᡴࡕୖࡆࡽࢀࡓ࢙࢘ࢵࣈࡣࠊᆅ⌫࠿ࡽ 100 ୓࣐࢖ࣝ㸦160 ୓ km㸧㞳ࢀࡓ㸪➨ 2 ࣛࢢࣛࣥࢪࣗⅬ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᏱᐂ✵㛫ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ኴ㝧ࢆ࿘ᅇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᥈ᰝᶵࡀࡇࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟฿㐩ࡍࡿࡲ࡛࡟ࡣ࡯ࡰ 1 ࣨ᭶ࢆせࡋࠊࡇࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ᆅ⌫ࡢ⫼ᚋࡢኴ㝧ഃ࡟ᅛᐃࡉࢀࡓ఩⨨࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡾ㸪Ᏹᐂࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜ぢΏࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࢙࢘ࢵࣈᮃ㐲㙾ࡣࠊྜ⾗ᅜࡢᏱᐂᶵ㛵 NASAࠊḢᕞᏱᐂᶵ㛵ࠊ࢝ࢼࢲᏱᐂᶵ㛵ࡢᅜ㝿ඹྠࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୍୓ே௨ୖࡀཧຍࡋࡓࠋ(๐㝖ᩥ) (b) ⣙୍㐌㛫๓࡟㸪࣮࣌ࢱ࣮ࡣᙼዪࡢ◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒ࡀᮌᫍࡢ஧ࡘࡢ⾨ᫍࢆほࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ⅆᒣάືࡢ඙ೃࢆⓎぢࡋࡓ࡜ሗ࿌ࡋࡓࠋ㸱(1) (f)(b)(a)(e)(d)(c)

It found that (attending live sporting events results in higher scores of two major measurements of subjective
wellbeing: life satisfaction and a sense of “life being worthwhile”, as) well as lower levels of loneliness.
ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࢖࣋ࣥࢺࢆぢ࡟⾜ࡃࡇ࡜࡛Ꮩ⊂ឤࢆ࿴ࡽࡆࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊே⏕ࡢ‶㊊ᗘ࡜ࠗ⏕ࡁࡀ࠸࠘ࢆឤ
ࡌࡿᗘྜ࠸࡜࠸࠺୺ほⓗᖾ⚟ᗘࡢ஧኱ᐃ㡯┠ࡢࢫࢥ࢔ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠖ

➨ 1 ẁⴠ࡟ࠊ “attending live sporting events” ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࡇࡢᩥࡢືモࡣ results ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛㸪㦵᱁ࡢ attending live sporting events results in higher ~ ࡀฟ᮶ୖࡀࡿࠋࡲࡓ <A as well as B> ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᩥᮎࡀ sense of “life being worthwhile”, as well as lower levels of loneliness. ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋṧࡿ a, d, e ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡣࠊ “two major measurements of subjective wellbeing” ࡀࠊලయⓗ࡟ࡣ “life satisfaction” ࡜ “a sense of life being worthwhile” ࢆᣦࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊaЍeЍd ࡘࡲ
ࡾࠊscores of two major measurements of subjective wellbeing: life satisfaction and a sense of ~ ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋ(2) (c)(a)(d)(b)(f)(e)Many (initiatives currently promote the health benefits of physical participation in sport, but the researchers
believe that watching live sporting events can also offer an accessible and effective public health tool forimproving) wellbeing and reducing loneliness.
ࠕ⌧ᅾࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡟ᐇ㝿࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࡶࡓࡽࡍ೺ᗣୖࡢ฼┈ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿከࡃࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ヨࡳࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࢖࣋ࣥࢺࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࡲࡓࠊᖾ⚟ᗘྥୖ࡜Ꮩ⊂ឤゎᾘࡢࡓࡵࡢ㌟㏆࡛ຠᯝⓗ࡞බ⾗⾨⏕ࢶ࣮ࣝࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡜ࠊ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࡇࡢⱥᩥ࡟ࡣ 3 ࡘືモせ⣲ offerࠊpromoteࠊbelieve ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 2 ࡘࡣ <SV, but SV.> ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡢ࡟⏝࠸ࡿ࡜᝿ᐃࡋࠊṧࡿ 1 ࡘࡢືモࡣ believe ࡢ┠ⓗㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ that ⠇ෆࡢ V ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜᝿ᐃࡍࡿࠋ
ᩥ㢌ࡢ Many ࡟⥆ࡃ」ᩘᙧࡢྡモࡣࠊ(a) ࡢ “health benefits” ࡜ “initiatives” ࡢ 2 ㏻ࡾ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ
Many health benefits of physical participation in sport, but ~ ࡜ࡘ࡞ࡆࡓሙྜࠊୖࡢ᝿ᐃ࡟▩┪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᩥ
㢌ࡣࠊMany initiatives currently promote the ~ ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋࡲࡓ(1)࡜ྠᵝࠊ “watching live sporting events” ࡜࠸࠺ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࠊ᭱ึࡢ๓ᥦ࡛࠶ࡿ <SV, but SV.> ࢆ⪃៖࡟ධࢀࡿ࡜ࠊaЍdЍb ࡘࡲࡾࠊhealthbenefits of physical participation in sport, but the researchers believe that watching live sporting events can alsoҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨoffer ~ ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᩥᮎࡢ and ࡣࠊ “improving ~” ࡜ ✵ᡤ࡟⥆ࡃ “reducing ~” ࢆ୪ิࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ᭱ᚋࡣࠊe ࡢ public health tool for improving ࡔ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋṧࡿ f ࡢ

an accessible andeffective ࡣࠊ」ᩘᙧࡢྡモࡢ๓࡟⨨ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊa ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ e ࡢ๓࡟⨨ࡃࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ
(3) (b)(f)(d)(c)(a)(e)Previous research (has focused on specific sports or small population samples, such as college students in theUnited States).
ࠕ௨๓ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡸࠊ⡿ᅜࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑡᩘࡢẕ㞟ᅋࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟↔Ⅼࡀᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ
࡚ࡁࡓࠖ<focus on ~> ࠕ㹼࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࠖ࡜ <A such as B> ࠕ౛࠼ࡤ B ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ Aࠖࠊࡲࡓ “in the United States”
ࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࡯ࡰฟ᮶ୖࡀࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ṧࡿࡢࡣࠊd ࡢ or small population ࢆ࡝ࡇ࡟⨨ࡃ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜ࡔࡀࠊ “small population samples” ࠕᑡᩘࡢẕ㞟ᅋࢧࣥࣉࣝࠖࡢලయ౛ࡀ “college students in the UnitedStates” ࠕ⡿ᅜࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕ࠖࡔ࡜Ẽ࡙ࡅࡤࠊ “specific sports” ࡜ “small population samples, such as collegestudents in the United States” ࢆ or ࡀࡘ࡞࠸࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
(4) (b)(e)(c)(f)(d)(a)The authors (stated that they do know that watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for socialinteraction and that it helps to forge group identity and belonging, which in turn mitigates) loneliness and boosts
levels of wellbeing.
ࠕⴭ⪅ࡽ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ✀㢮ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶほᡓࡣே࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡢᶵ఍ࢆᩘከࡃࡶࡓࡽࡋࠊ㞟ᅋ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡸᖐᒓព㆑ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᙺ❧ࡘࡀࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝᏙ⊂ឤࡀ࿴ࡽࡂᖾ⚟ᗘࡀྥୖࡍࡿࠖ
state that S’V’ and that S’V’. ࡜࠸࠺ᵓ㐀ࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ “watching live sport” ࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠊprovides ࡢ┠ⓗㄒ࡜࡞ࡿྡモせ⣲ࡣࠊ “many opportunities” ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊeЍcЍf ࡘࡲࡾࠊknowthat watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋ࡞࠾ᩥᮎࡢ and ࡣ “mitigates ~” ࡜ࠊ✵ᡤ࡟⥆ࡃ “boosts ~” ࢆࡘ࡞࠸࡛࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ᭱ึࡀ bࠊ᭱
ᚋࡀ a ࡜Ỵࡲࡾࠊࡑࡢ㛫࡟ eЍcЍf ࡜ d ࡀ๓ᚋࡋ࡚୪ࡪࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋb ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ do ࢆᙉㄪࡢຓືモࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊbЍeЍcЍf ࡜▩┪࡞ࡃࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠊa ࡢෑ㢌ࡢ and ࡣ “group identity” ࡜ belonging ࢆࡘ࡞࠸࡛࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ dЍa ࡶ▩┪ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ㸲1.
(1) (a)Constant travelling, cramped transport, small temporary housing, forced training and daily performances place
undue stress on wild animals.

ࠕ⤯࠼ࡎ⛣ືࡋࠊ཰ƍᑠᒇ࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚㍺㏦ࡉࢀࠊᙉไⓗ࡟カ⦎ࡸẖ᪥₇ᢏࢆࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㔝⏕ື≀࡟ࡣཷࡅ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡣࡎࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
stress ࡜࠸࠺༢ㄒ࠿ࡽ㔝⏕ື≀࡟࡜ࡗ࡚࣐࢖ࢼࢫࡢෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜᥎࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥(c) comfortable ࠕᛌ㐺࡞ࠖࠊ(d) affordable ࠕవ⿱ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖࡣࣉࣛࢫࡢព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(b) spacious ࠕᗈࠎ࡜ࡋࡓࠖࡣ㍺㏦ࡢ㝿࡟ࡣࣉࣛࢫࡢព࿡࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚(a) cramped ࠕᡭ⊃࡞ࠊ⊃ⱞࡋ࠸ࠖࡀṇゎࠋ(2) (c)Whether captive or not, their basic living needs remain the same.

ࠕ㣫⫱ୗ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢື≀ࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶᮏⓗᚲせ᮲௳ࡣ‫٭‬ǘǒƳƍࠖ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡛ࠊ㔝⏕ື≀࡟ࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢᒃఫࡢࡓࡵࡢ༑ศ࡞ᒃఫ✵㛫ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㊃᪨ࡢෆᐜࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ captive ࡢ≧ែ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࡜ࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࢽ࣮ࢬࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞
࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚(c) remain ࠕ㹼ࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡀṇゎࠋṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ(a) condition ࠕ᮲௳࡙ࡅࡿࠖࠊ(b) compel ࠕ↓⌮ࡸࡾ㹼ࡉࡏࡿࠖࠊ(d) underestimate ࠕ㐣ᑡホ౯ࡍࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ(3) (b)During the act, the loud noises and crowds of people are often upsetting or frightening for them.

ࠕ₇ᢏࡢ㛫ࠊ࠺ࡿࡉ࠸㡢ࡸከࡃࡢほ⾗ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢື≀࡟ࡣѣੵƞƤƨǓࡸᛧࡀࡽࡏࡓࡾࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠖҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ✵ᡤ(3)ࡀ or ࡛ frightening ࡜㐃⤖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊ
them ࡀ “wild animals” ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊື≀ࡓࡕࡣ 10㹼15 ศࡔࡅ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᷦ࠿ࡽฟ࡚₇ᢏࢆࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᬑẁࡣ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㦁㡢ࡸከᩘࡢほᐈ࡟ࡉࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼
ࡿ࡜(b) upsetting ࠕືᦂࡉࡏࡿࠊᝎࡲࡍࠖࡀṇゎ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ(a)encouraging ࠕຬẼ࡙ࡅࡿࠖࠊ(c) rejoicing ࠕ႐ࡤࡏࡿࠖࠊ(d) complaining ࠕ୙ᖹࢆゝ࠺࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(4) (d)Separation from their families and social groups leads to loneliness, depression, and anxiety.

ࠕᐙ᪘ࡸ௰㛫࠿ࡽࡽƖᩉƞǕǔƜƱࡀᏙ⊂ឤࠊẼศࡢⴠࡕ㎸ࡳࠊ୙Ᏻࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠖ
<separation from ~> ࡛ࠕ㹼࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࠊᘬࡁ㞳ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ✵ᡤ࡟⥆ࡃ๓⨨モfrom ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿ࡜ separation ࡀ᭱ࡶጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋព࿡ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡶࠊᐙ᪘ࡸ௰㛫࡜㞳ࢀ㞳ࢀ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀཎᅉ࡛Ꮩ⊂ࠊẼศࡢⴠࡕ㎸ࡳࠊ୙Ᏻ࡜࠸࠺࣐࢖ࢼࢫࡢ⤖ᯝࡀࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࢀࡤព࿡ࡀ㏻
ࡿࠋṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ(a) togetherness ࠕ㐃ᖏឤࠖࠊ(b) commitment ࠕ⊩㌟ࠊഴಽࠊ㛵୚ࠖ
ࠊ(c) unionࠕྠ┕࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(5) (a)Circus animals are often subjected to physical abuse, such as beatings, electric shocks, and the use of bullhooks,
which lead to all manner of physical injuries, as well as fear, anxiety, and aggression.

ࠕࢧ࣮࢝ࢫࡢື≀ࡓࡕࡣࠊẀᡴࠊ㟁Ẽࢩࣙࢵࢡࠊࣈࣝࣇࢵࢡࡢ౑⏝࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㌟యⓗ⹢ᚅࢆӖƚǔࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᜍᛧࠊ୙Ᏻࠊᩛᑐᚰࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ✀㢮ࡢ㌟యⓗᦆയࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠖ
<A is subjected to B> ࡛ࠕA ࡣ B ࢆ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠊA ࡣ B ࡟ࡉࡽࡉࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ✵ᡤ࡟ධࡾᚓࡿ༢ㄒ࡜ࡋࡓࡣ (a) subjected ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ(b) ࡢ object ࢆ౑࠺࡜ࡍࢀࡤ <object to ~> ࡛ࠕ㹼࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(6) (b)This led the Welsh and English government to then ban the use of wild animals in travelling circuses —whether used for performance or in exhibitions㸫in 2020.

ࠕࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ࠾ࡼࡧ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻᨻᗓࡀ 2020 ᖺ࡟ࠊ₇ᢏࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ࠊᒎ♧ࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ࠊᕠᅇࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ࡛㔝⏕ື≀ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡢࢆ⚗ࡌࡿҾ‫׆‬ƱƳƬƨࠖ✵ᡤ(6)ࡢ๓ࡢ This ࡣ๓ᩥ㸦➨ 5 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ㸧ࡢෆᐜࢆᣦࡋࠊࡑࡢ 1 ᩥ࡛ࡣࠊᕠᅇࢧ࣮࢝ࢫᅋࡢ㔝⏕ື≀ࡢ⏕άࡣᮃࡲࡋࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺㊃᪨ࡢෆᐜࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬᨻᗓࡸ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻᨻᗓࡣ⚗Ṇ࡟㋃ࡳษࡗࡓࠊ࡜⪃࠼ࢀࡤ(b) led ࡀṇゎ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ <S lead O to do ~> ࡛ࠕS ࡣ O ࡀ㹼ࡍࡿཎᅉ࡜࡞ࡿࠊS ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ O ࡣ㹼ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠊ(a) happenedࠕ⏕ࡌࡿࠖ
㸪(c) constrained ࠕ㹼ࢆ…ࢆᙉ࠸ࡿࠖ㸪(d) deterred ࠕ㹼ࢆ㜼Ṇࡍࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶
ࡿࠋ(7) (c)Some countries — like the United States, France, China, Japan, Russia, New Zealand and so on — have yet todraw up nationwide legislation.

ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊ୰ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࡞࡝ࠊࡲࡔᅜ඲య࡛㐠⏝ࡉࢀࡿἲᚊࢆ˺঺ƠƯ࠸࡞࠸ᅜࡶ࠶ࡿࠖ
➨ 5 ẁⴠ࡛ࡣࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡸ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᅜࠎࡀࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ࡛ື≀ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⚗ࡌࡿἲᚊࢆ
ไᐃࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕࡲࡔࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖᅜࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ෆᐜࡀ⥆ࡃ࡜ண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࢀࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿࡢࡀࠊ however ࡛ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ௨㝆࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ㒔ᕷࡣࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢᡭ࡛ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ỵࡵࡓࠋᶓ὾ࡣ኱㒔ᕷ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣึࡵ࡚ࠊࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ࡟ື≀ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⚗Ṇࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋ኱㜰ࠊ⚄ᡞࠊி㒔ࡶᚋ࡟⥆࠸ࡓࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ (c) draw up ࠕ㸦ዎ⣙᭩࡞࡝㸧ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠊ <have yet to do ~> ࡣࠕࡲࡔ㹼ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋṧࡾࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣ(a) post to ~ ࠕ㹼࡟㌿グࡍࡿࠖ㸪(b) pick on ~ ࠕ㹼ࢆ࠸ࡌࡵࡿࠖ㸪(d) pull down ~ࠕ㹼ࢆᘬࡁୗࢁࡍ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

2. ᮏᩥ୰ࡢෆᐜ࡜㐺ྜࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆୗグࡢ֭ ~ ִ࠿ࡽ 3 ࡘ㑅ࡧ㸪ࡑࡢグྕࢆ࣐࣮ࢡࡏࡼࠋ
(a) Circus animals cannot behave, socialize, or get enough exercise as they would in the wild.
ࠕࢧ࣮࢝ࢫࡢື≀ࡣࠊ㔝⏕⎔ቃ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ࡜ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞⾜ືࠊゐࢀྜ࠸ࠊ༑ศ࡞㐠ືࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖ
➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢព࿡ࡣࠊࠕࡇࢀࡽࡢື≀ࡓࡕࡣࠊ᣼ဃ࿢‫ؾ‬ưƋǕƹƱǕǔǑƏƳᘍѣŴᚑǕӳƍŴҗЎƳᢃѣǛƱǔƜƱƕưƖƳƍ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࠕࡇࢀࡽࡢື≀ࠖࡀᣦࡍෆᐜࡣྠẁⴠ➨
1 ᩥ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓࠕぢࡏ≀࡜ࡋ࡚౑ࢃࢀࡿ㔝⏕ື≀ࠖࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢෆᐜࡣṇࡋ࠸࡜ุ᩿࡛
ࡁࡿࠋ(e)Circus animals often have to endure cruel and in inhumane treatment.
ࠕࢧ࣮࢝ࢫࡢື≀ࡓࡕࡣࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤṧ㓞࡛㠀ே㐨ⓗ࡞ᢅ࠸࡟⪏࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ
௒ᅇࡢⱥᩥ඲యࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ≉࡟➨ 1 ẁⴠࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢព࿡
ࡣࠕ↷᫂ࡀࡘࡅࡽࢀࠊ㡢ᴦࡀὶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁࠊࢧ࣮࢝ࢫࡢື≀ࡓࡕࡣㄪᩍᖌࡸほᐈࡢࡓࡵ࡟႐ࢇ࡛ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣ༢࡞ࡿ㘒ぬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⟇␎࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ᣼ဃ
ѣཋƕǵȸǫǹƷဃ෇࿢‫ؾ‬ƴշǜư᎑ƑǔƜƱƸǊƬƨƴƳƍ࠿ࡽࡔ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࢧ࣮࢝ࢫࡢ⏕ά⎔ቃࡀࠕṧ㓞࡛㠀ே㐨ⓗ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➨ 2㸪3 ẁⴠ࡛ヲࡋࡃ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢෆᐜࡣṇࡋ࠸࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

(g) People can play a role in the prevention of animal abuse by writing to the local government.
ࠕື≀⹢ᚅࢆ㜵Ṇࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊேࠎࡣᆅ᪉⮬἞య࡟ᡭ⣬ࢆ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ᭱⤊ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ୍ಶே࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୍ୡᖏ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡣƋƳƨƷ˰ǉᣃᢊࡅჄƷჷʙƴ৖ኡǛ୿ƘൿૺǛɦƢࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ “governor” ࡟ᡭ⣬ࢆ᭩ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᆅ᪉⮬἞య࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᶓ὾ᕷ࡟ೌࡗ࡚㔝⏕ື≀ࢆࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ࡛⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⚗ࡌࡿ᪉㔪ࢆྲྀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢෆᐜࡣṇࡋ࠸࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ(b) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪✵ᡤ(2)ࡢゎ⟅࡜㐃ືࡍࡿࡀࠊࠕࢧ࣮࢝ࢫࡢື≀ࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᚲせ᮲௳ࡣࠊ㣫⫱ୗ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࡜ࠊྠࡌࡲࡲ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀ➨ 2 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓࠕ㣫⫱ୗ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢື≀ࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢᇶᮏⓗᚲせ᮲௳ࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ(c) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕྛୡᖏࡣࠊື≀ࢆ኱ษ࡟ᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿࢧ࣮࢝ࢫࡔࡅࢆᨭ᥼ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀ㸪᭱⤊ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓࠕ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊே㛫ࡢ࢔ࢡࣟࣂࢵࢺࠊࣆ࢚ࣟࠊࢲࣥࢧ࣮ࠊ࣐ࢪࢩࣕࣥࠊ
᭤ⱁᖌࠊࢪࣕࢢ࣮ࣛ࡞࡝ࢆໃࡒࢁ࠸ࡉࡏ࡚ࠊほᐈࢆ⯆ዧࡉࡏࡿࠊື≀ࢆ⏝࠸࡞࠸ே㐨ⓗ࡞ࢧ࣮࢝ࢫࢆ㈨㔠㠃࡛ᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࢳࢣࢵࢺࢆ㉎ධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ(d) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪✵ᡤ(7)ࡢゎ⟅࡜㐃ືࡍࡿࡀࠊࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᅜࡀࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ࡛ࡢ㔝⏕ື≀ࡢ౑⏝ࢆ⚗Ṇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀࠊ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊ୰ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࠊࣟࢩ࢔ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛ
ࣥࢻ࡞࡝ࠊࡲࡔᅜ඲య࡛㐠⏝ࡉࢀࡿἲᚊࢆసᡂࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᅜࡶ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ(f) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ࡛ࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊࢧ࣮࢝ࢫື≀ࡢᢅ࠸ࡣ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸
࠺グ㏙ࡀࠊ➨ 5 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓࠕ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬᨻᗓࡀጤクࡋࠊ2019 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ᭱㏆ࡢሗ࿌᭩ࡢ
せ⣙࡛ࡣࠊࠗᕠᅇࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔝⏕ື≀ࡢ⏕άࡣࠊࠗⰋ࠸⏕ά࠘࡟ࡶࠗ⏕ࡁࡿ࡟್ࡍࡿ⏕ά࠘࡟ࡶヱᙜࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡔ࠘࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ(h) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕࢧ࣮࢝ࢫࡢື≀ࡓࡕࡣࠊㄪᩍᖌࡸほᐈࡢᐙ᪘ࡢࡓࡵ࡟႐ࢇ࡛ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀࠊ➨ 1 ẁⴠ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡓࠕ↷᫂ࡀࡘࡅࡽࢀࠊ㡢ᴦࡀὶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁࠊࢧ࣮࢝ࢫࡢື≀ࡓࡕࡣㄪᩍᖌࡸほᐈࡢࡓࡵ࡟႐ࢇ࡛ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣ༢࡞ࡿ㘒ぬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⟇␎࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ㔝⏕ື≀ࡀࢧ࣮࢝ࢫࡢ⏕ά⎔ቃ࡟႐ࢇ࡛⪏࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡵࡗࡓ࡟࡞࠸࠿ࡽࡔࠖ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸳1.

(c)arctic explorer, author, and anthropologistၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕ࣮ࣟࣞࣥࢶ࣭ࣆ࣮ࢱ࣮࣭࢚ࣝࣇࣞࢵࢻ࣭ࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥࡢ୺࡞⫋ᴗࡣఱ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(a) ࠕ࣍ࢵ࢟ࣙࢡࢢ࣐ࢆ⊁ࡿ⊟ᖌ㸪ෑ㝤ᐙ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ㅮᖌࠖ(b) ࠕತඃ㸪ࣇ࢓ࢵࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚࢖ࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࠖ(c) ࠕ໭ᴟ᥈᳨ᐙ㸪సᐙ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ே㢮Ꮫ⪅ࠖ(d) ࠕ⦅㞟㛗㸪᢬ᢠ㐠ືࡢ㜚ኈ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࢡ࢖ࢬ␒⤌ࡢฟሙ⪅ࠖ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࡑࡢ⏨ᛶࡣ㸪ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡே࡛㸪ྡࢆ࣮ࣟࣞࣥࢶ࣭ࣆ࣮ࢱ࣮࣭࢚ࣝࣇࣞࢵࢻ࣭ࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥ࡜࠸࠺໭ᴟ᥈᳨ᐙ㸪సᐙ㸪ே㢮Ꮫ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪 (c) ࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
2.

(a)They established a trading post called Thule.

ၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥ࡜ࡑࡢ཭ேࢡࢾ࣮ࢺ࣭ࣛࢫ࣒ࢵࢭࣥࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣛࣥࢻ࡟ᐤ୚ࡋࡓ
࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(a) ࠕᙼࡽࡣࢺ࣮ࢗࣞ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ஺᫆ᡤࢆ㛤タࡋࡓࠖ(b) ࠕᙼࡽࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞⊁⊟ᢏ⾡ࢆ࢖ࢾ࢖ࢵࢺ࡟⤂௓ࡋࡓࠖ(c) ࠕᙼࡽࡣ໭ᴟᅪ௜㏆࡟᥈᳨㝲⏝ࡢ㔝Ⴀᆅࢆᘓタࡋࡓࠖ(d) ࠕᙼࡽࡣ࢖ࢾ࢖ࢵࢺࡢゝㄒ࡜ᩥ໬ࢆᏛࡪ኱Ꮫࢆ๰タࡋࡓࠖࡲࡎ➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࡑࡢᚋ 1910 ᖺ࡟㸪ᙼࡽ஧ேࡣࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣛࣥࢻ࡟஺᫆ᡤࢆ㛤タࡋ㸪ࢺ࣮ࢗࣞ࡜ྡ௜ࡅࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ஺᫆ᡤࡀࠕࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣛࣥࢻ࡟ᐤ୚ࡋࡓࠖ࠿ྰ࠿ุ᩿ࡍࡿ᰿ᣐࡣᮏᩥ୰࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡔࡅ࡛ṇゎ࡜ࡣ᩿ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ௚࡟ᙼࡽࡀࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣛࣥ
ࢻ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྠẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕࡑࡇ࡛ᙼࡣࠊᏛᰯࡸ⑓㝔ࡢᘓタࠊ㣗⏕άࡢᨵၿࠊ⮬Ỵព㆑ࡢ᳜࠼௜ࡅ࡞࡝ࠊᆅඖఫẸࡢ⏕άྥୖ࡟ດࡵࡓࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪 (b), (c), (d) ࡢෆᐜࡣ࡝ࢀࡶྵࡲࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᾘཤἲ࡟ࡼࡾࠊṇゎࡣ (a) ࡜ࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ3.

(b)

He crafted a knife from frozen excrement.

ၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥࡣ㸪✚ࡶࡗࡓ㞷࡟ᤕࡽࢃࢀࡓ≧ែ࠿ࡽ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⬺ฟࡋࡓ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(a) ࠕᙼࡣ㔠ᒓ〇ࡢ㐨ලࢆ౑ࡗ࡚✰ࢆ᥀ࡾ㸪❓ᆅࢆ⬺ࡋࡓࠖ(b) ࠕᙼࡣ෾ࡗࡓ⣅౽࠿ࡽࢼ࢖ࣇࢆసࡗࡓࠖ(c) ࠕᙼࡣࢯࣜࢆᘬ࠸࡚࠸ࡓ࢖ࢾࡓࡕ࡟ຓࡅࡽࢀࡓࠖ(d) ࠕᙼࡣ㞷ࡀ⮬↛࡟⁐ࡅࡿࡢࢆᚅࡗࡓࠖ
➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 6 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕᡭඖ࡟㔠ᒓ〇ࡢ㐨ලࡣఱ୍ࡘ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛㸪኱౽࠿ࡽᑠࡉ࡞▷ยࢆࡇࡋࡽ࠼㸪✰ࢆ᥀ࡗ࡚⬺ฟࡋࡓ࡜ᙼࡣ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪(b) ࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
4.

(a)the death of his Inuit wifeၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥࡀࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡟ᡠࡿࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡜࡞ࡗࡓฟ᮶஦ࡣఱ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(a) ࠕ࢖ࢾ࢖ࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿᙼࡢጔࡢṚஸࠖ(b) ࠕ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓࡢຨⓎࠖ(c) ࠕᙼࡢ㑇సࡢ᏶ᡂࠖ(d) ࠕࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢼࢳࢫ࠿ࡽࡢᙼࡢ㏨ஸࠖ
➨ 5 ẁⴠ➨ 1࣭2 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕᩘᖺᚋ㸪࣓ࢡࣃࣝࢡࡣࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ㢼㑧࡛ஸࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋᝒࡋࡳ࡟ᡴࡕࡦࡋ
ࡀࢀ㸪ࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥࡣࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡟ᖐᅜࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕ࣓ࢡࣃࣝࢡࠖ࡜࠸࠺ே≀ࡢṚࡇࡑࡀࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡟
ᖐᅜࡍࡿࡁࡗ࠿ࡅࡔ࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࠕ࣓ࢡࣃࣝࢡࠖ࡜ࡣ࠸࠿࡞ࡿே≀࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤ㸪➨ 4 ẁⴠ
➨ 2 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥࡣ㸪ࢼࣦ࢓ࣛࢼ࣭࣓ࢡࣃࣝࢡ࡜࠸࠺ྡࡢᆅඖࡢ࢖ࢾ࢖ࢵࢺࡢዪᛶ࡜⤖፧ࡋࡓࠖ࡜
࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥࡢ᭱ึࡢጔ࡛࠶ࡿ࢖ࢾ࢖ࢵࢺࡢዪᛶࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 (a) ࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

5.

(a)

resistance fighter in Denmarkၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥࡀ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ୰࡟ᘬࡁཷࡅࡓᙺ๭ࡣ࡝ࢀ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(a) ࠕࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡛ࡢ᢬ᢠ㐠ືࡢ㜚ኈࠖ(b) ࠕࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡࡢ≉Ṧ࡞᝟ሗᑗᰯࠖ(c) ࠕࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡࡢࢡ࢖ࢬ␒⤌࡬ࡢฟሙ⪅ࠖ(d) ࠕࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࠿ࡽ㐃ྜᅜ࡟ὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡓ౑⠇ࠖ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓࡀຨⓎࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥࡣ┤ࡕ࡟ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡࡢ᢬ᢠ㐠ື࡟ຍࢃࡾࠊ㞴Ẹࢆ༏࠸ࠊ㐃ྜ㌷ࢆᨭ᥼ࡋࠊࢼࢳࢫࡢసᡓࢆጉᐖࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪(a) ࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
6.

(b)

He won the highest prize of $64,000.

ၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥࡀ The $64,000 Question ࡜࠸࠺ࢡ࢖ࢬ␒⤌࡛ᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡓ೧ᴗ࡜ࡣఱ࠿࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
(a) ࠕᙼࡣၥ㢟ࡢ⟅࠼ࢆゝ࠸ᙜ࡚ࡓ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠖ(b) ࠕᙼࡣ᭱㧗㈹㔠࡛࠶ࡿ 64,000 ࢻࣝࢆ຾ࡕྲྀࡗࡓࠖ(c) ࠕᙼࡣࡑࡢࢡ࢖ࢬ␒⤌ࡢࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣛฟ₇⪅࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠖ(d) ࠕᙼࡣ㈹㔠ࢆ඲㢠ᐤ௜ࡋࡓࠖ
➨ 8 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕ⯟ᾏ࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿᬑ㏻ࡢே࡞ࡽ⪺࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞஦᯶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢၥ㢟࡟ṇゎࡋ㸪᭱㧗㈹㔠 64,000 ࢻࣝࢆᡭ࡟ࡋ࡚❧ࡕཤࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ⌧ᅾࡢ 523,454 ࢻࣝ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠶
ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪(b) ࡀṇゎ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
7.

(d)decommission a submarine found on the coast of Greenlandၥ㢟ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥࡢே㐨୺⩏ࡣࠊᙼࡢ____࡬ࡢດຊ࡟ࡣ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ(d)ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣛࣥࢻἢᓊ࡛Ⓨぢࡉࢀࡓ₯ỈⰄࢆ㏥ᙺࡉࡏࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢෆᐜࡣᮏᩥ࡛඲ࡃ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
(a) ࠕࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣛࣥࢻࡢᆅᇦఫẸࡢ⏕άࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥࡢෆᐜ࡟୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࡑࡇ࡛ᙼࡣࠊᏛᰯࡸ⑓㝔ࡢᘓタࠊ㣗⏕άࡢᨵၿࠊ⮬Ỵព㆑ࡢ᳜࠼௜ࡅ࡞࡝ࠊᆅඖఫẸࡢ⏕άྥୖ࡟ດࡵࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ(b) ࠕࣇ࢓ࢩࢬ࣒࡜཯ࣘࢲࣖ୺⩏࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➨ 5 ẁⴠ➨ 4 ᩥࡢෆᐜ࡟୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢព࿡ࡣࠕᙼࡣࡲࡓࠊࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡࡢ♫఍Ẹ୺୺⩏㐠ື࡟ࡶ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊࣇ࢓ࢩࢬ࣒ࡸ཯ࣘࢲࣖ୺⩏࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿᨻ἞᪂⪺࣏ࠗࣜࢸ࢕ࢣࣥ࠘࡟ᐃᮇⓗ࡟ᐤ✏ࡋࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ(c) ࠕ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ୰࡟㞴Ẹࢆ༏࠸ࠊ㐃ྜ㌷ࢆᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓࡀຨⓎࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥࡣ┤ࡕ࡟ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡࡢ᢬ᢠ㐠ື࡟ຍࢃࡾࠊ㞴Ẹࢆ༏࠸ࠊ㐃ྜ㌷ࢆᨭ᥼ࡋࠊࢼࢳࢫࡢసᡓࢆጉᐖࡋࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸴
1.

(a)

For medical professionals and healthcare providers, (hand hygiene is vital under many work conditions).

ࠕ་⒪ᚑ஦⪅ࡸ་⒪ᥦ౪⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸪৖ਦෞ൒Ƹ‫ٶ‬ƘƷ˺ಅவˑɦư࣏ᙲɧӧഎưƋǔࠖ➨୍㡯㸦࢔㸧࡟࠶ࡿ hand hygiene ࠕᡭᣦ⾨⏕㸪ᡭᣦᾘẘࠖ࡟⥆ࡃ➨஧㡯࡟ࡣ㸪ືモ is ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ㸪➨஧㡯ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿᙧᐜモ many ࡟⥆ࡃྡモ work ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋࡋࡓࡀ
ࡗ࡚ (a) 㸦࢔㸧Ѝ㸦࢔㸧Ѝ㸦࢔㸧ࡀṇゎࠋ2.

(h)We thought our schedule was going to be just fine, (but it’s turned out that we had the dates completelywrong)!
ࠕࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣၥ㢟࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᡃࠎࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓƕᲦଐᆉǛ‫ܦ‬μƴ᧓ᢌƑƯƍǔƜƱƕЙଢƠƨǜƩ㸟ࠖ➨୍㡯㸦࢔㸧㸦࢖㸧࡟࠶ࡿ it ࡣᙧᘧ୺ㄒ࡛㸪ࡑࡢෆᐜࡣ➨஧㡯௨ୗࡢ that ⠇࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚➨஧㡯ࡣ <Itturns out that ~> ࠕ㹼࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࡞ࡿ㸦࢖㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨஧㡯௨ୗ࡟࠶ࡿ that ⠇ෆࡢ “wehad the date” ࡟⥆ࡃ➨୕㡯ࡣ㸪๪モཬࡧᙧᐜモ “completely wrong” ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦࢖㸧㑅ࡪࠋ➨୍㡯ࡣ㸪๓࡟࠶ࡿࠕࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣၥ㢟࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᡃࠎࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ෆᐜ࡜➨஧㡯௨ୗࡢࠕ᪥⛬ࢆ᏶඲࡟㛫㐪࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ෆᐜ࠿ࡽ㸪㏫᥋ࢆ⾲ࡍ᥋⥆モ but ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㸦࢖㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ (h)㸦࢖㸧ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨЍ㸦࢖㸧Ѝ㸦࢖㸧ࡀṇゎࠋ
3.

(e)

There is practically no public transport to the venue, (so we will have to either share a taxi or go on foot).

ࠕ఍ሙࡲ࡛ࡢබඹ஺㏻ᶵ㛵ࡣ࡯ࡰ඲ࡃ↓࠸ƷưᲦǿǯǷȸƴႻʈǓƢǔƔࢻഩưᆆѣƠƳƚǕƹƳǒƳƍࠖ➨୍㡯㸦࢔㸧࡟࠶ࡿ <~ need sharing> ࡣࠕ㹼ࡀࢩ࢙࢔ࡉࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ཷືෆᐜࢆ⾲ࡍ⾲⌧࡛㸪 “a taxi” ࡀࡑࡢ୺ㄒ࡜࡞ࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚➨୍㡯ࡣ it ࡀ୺ㄒ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦࢔㸧ࡣ୙㐺ษ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪㸦࢖㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୍㡯࡟࠶ࡿ “we will have to either share” ࡟⥆ࡃ➨஧㡯ࡣ㸪ືモ share ࡢ┠ⓗㄒ࡜࡞ࡿྡモ “ataxi” ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨஧㡯࡟࠶ࡿ᥋⥆モ or ࡟⥆ࡃ➨୕㡯ࡣ➨୍㡯 either ࡢᚋ࡟࠶ࡿ share ࡜୪ิࡉࢀࡿືモࡀ⥆ࡃࡀ㸪ࠕᚐṌ࡛ࠖࡣ <on foot> ࡞ࡢ࡛㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ (e)㸦࢖㸧Ѝ㸦࢔㸧Ѝ㸦࢔㸧ࡀṇゎࠋ4.

(d)Hang on a second. It says no photography inside, (so we might want to put these cameras in the lockers aswell).
ࠕࡕࡻࡗ࡜ᚅࡗ࡚ࠋ୰ࡣ᧜ᙳ⚗Ṇ࡜᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡿƔǒᲦƜƷǫȡȩǋȭȃǫȸƴλǕƨ૾ƕƍƍƔǋƠǕƳƍࠖ➨୍㡯ࡣ㸪๓࡟㸪㸦࣐࢝ࣥ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡾ㛵ಀ௦ྡモ that ࡣ⥆ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎ㸦࢖㸧ࡣ୙㐺ษ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪㡰᥋ࢆ⾲ࡍ᥋⥆モ so ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୍㡯࡟࠶ࡿ “might want to” ࡟⥆ࡃ➨஧㡯ࡣ, ືモࡀ⥆ࡃࡀࠕ㹼ࢆ͐࡟ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖࡣ <put ~ in …> ࡞ࡢ࡛㸦࢖㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ➨஧㡯ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿෙモ the ࡟⥆ࡃྡモ lockers ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㸦࢖㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ (d)㸦࢔㸧Ѝ㸦࢖㸧Ѝ㸦࢖㸧ࡀṇゎࠋ
5.

(c)

I kind of like the ambience of the restaurant, (but the problem is it almost always takes forever for theorders to arrive).
ࠕࡇࡢࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥࡢ㞺ᅖẼࡣࡕࡻࡗ࡜ዲࡁ࡞ࢇƩƚƲᲦᩊໜƸද૨ƠƨǋƷƕưƯƘǔƷƴᲦǄƱǜƲƍƭǋƢƝƍ଺᧓ƕƔƔǔƜƱƩࠖ➨୍㡯ࡣ㸪 where ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㛵ಀ๪モ⠇ෆࡀ୙᏶඲࡛࠶ࡿ㸦࢖㸧ࡣ୙㐺ษ࡞ࡢ࡛㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୍㡯࡟
࠶ࡿ “it almost” ࡟ࡘ࡙ࡃ➨஧㡯ࡣ almost ࡀಟ㣭ࡍࡿ always ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㸦࢖㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ<it takes ᫬㛫 for… to do ~> ࡛ࠕ͐ࡀ㹼ࡍࡿࡢ࡟᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࠖࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ㸪➨஧㡯ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿ๓⨨モ for ࡟⥆ࡃྡモ“the orders” ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋarrive ࡣ⮬ືモ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪┠ⓗㄒࡀ࠾࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦࢖㸧ࡣ୙㐺ษࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ (c)㸦࢔㸧Ѝ㸦࢖㸧Ѝ㸦࢔㸧ࡀṇゎࠋ
6.

(e)

I really should have brought something (to write with, but do you happen to have a pen that I could borrow)for the day?
ࠕᮏᙜ࡟ఱ࠿୿ƘǋƷࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡤࡼ࠿ࡗࡓࢇƩƚƲᲦɟଐ᝱ƠƯƘǕǔȚȳǛਤƬƯƨǓƠƳƍ㸽ࠖ➨୍㡯ࡣ㸪๓ࡢྡモ something ࡟⥆ࡃᙧᐜモ⏝ἲࡢ to ୙ᐃモ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㸦࢖㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ “for which” ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㛵ಀ௦ྡモ⠇ෆࡀ୙᏶඲࡛࠶ࡾ㸪➨஧㡯௨ୗ࡟࠶ࡿ୍⯡ືモ happen ࢆྵࡴᩥࢆ␲ၥᩥ࡟ࡍࡿࡢ࡟be ືモࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠾ࡾ㸦࢔㸧ࡣ୙㐺ษࠋ➨஧㡯ࡣ㸪➨୍㡯ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿ “do you” ࡛ጞࡲࡿ␲ၥᩥ࡟⥆ࡃືモࡢཎᙧ happen ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ㸪㛵ಀ௦ྡモ⠇ෆࡢ୺ㄒࡀ࣌ࣥࢆᣢࡗ࡚᮶࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓ I ࡞ࡢ࡛㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋborrow ࠕ㹼ࢆ೉ࡾࡿࠖࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ (e)㸦࢖㸧Ѝ㸦࢔㸧Ѝ㸦࢔㸧ࡀṇゎࠋ7.

(d)The latest version of my brother’s favorite game is just (coming out, and apparently, he was too excited togo to sleep) last night.
ࠕᘵࡢ኱ዲࡁ࡞ࢤ࣮࣒ࡢ᭱᪂∧ࡀЈƨƹƔǓưᲦƲƏǍǒ᫖ᬌࡣᐻ‫ڠ‬ƠƯ჈ǕƳƔƬƨǑƏƩࠖ➨୍㡯ࡣ㸪㸦࢖㸧ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿ๓⨨モ “due to” ࡢ┠ⓗㄒ࡜࡞ࡿྡモࡀ㸪➨஧㡯࡟࡞ࡃ୙㐺ษ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ<come out> ࠕⓎ኎ࡉࢀࡿࠖ
ࠋ➨஧㡯ࡣ㸪➨୍㡯ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿ᥋⥆モ and ࡟⥆ࡅࡿ࡟ࡣࠊᙧᐜモ࡜᥋⥆モࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ “he was too exciting” ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦࢔㸧ࡣ୙㐺ษ࡞ࡢ࡛㸦࢖㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ
excite ࠕ㹼ࢆ⯆ዧࡉࡏࡿࠖࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ㸪➨஧㡯ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿᙧᐜモ excited ࢆಟ㣭ࡍࡿ๪モ⏝ἲࡢ to ୙ᐃモ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㸦࢖㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ<too … to do ~> ࠕ࡜࡚ࡶ͐࡞ࡢ࡛㹼࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ (d)㸦࢔㸧Ѝ㸦࢖㸧Ѝ㸦࢖㸧ࡀṇゎࠋ

(a)

8.

My teacher kept telling us to imagine what our lives (would be like ten years later, but I never understood

what it would be) good for.
ࠕ⚾ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ㸪 ࠰ࢸƷ⮬ศࡢே⏕ࢆ᝿ീࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸࡜ゝ࠸⥆ࡅࡓࡀ㸪ƦǕƕ˴ƷࢫƴᇌƭƷƔᅶƴƸྸᚐưƖƳƔƬƨࠖ➨୍㡯ࡣ㸪㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ <what ~ will be like> ࠕ㹼ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿㸪ᮍ᮶ࡢ㹼ࠖࠋ➨஧㡯ࡣ㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ➨୍㡯ࡲ࡛࡟ྰᐃ⾲⌧ࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪ࠕ㹼ࡶࡲࡓ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡢ᥋⥆モ nor ࡛ጞࡲࡿ㸦࢖㸧ࡣ୙㐺ษࠋ➨୕㡯ࡣ㸦࢔㸧ࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ “what it would be good for” ࠕࡑࢀࡀఱ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚Ⰻ࠸ࡢ࠿㸪ࡑࢀࡀఱࡢᙺ࡟❧ࡘࡢ࠿ࠖࠋ it ࡢෆᐜࡣ “to imagine what our lives would be like ten years later” ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ (a)㸦࢔㸧Ѝ㸦࢔㸧Ѝ㸦࢔㸧ࡀṇゎࠋㅮホ㸯㹙ㄒᙡ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ㞴㸧 ་Ꮫ⏝ㄒ࡬ࡢ័ࢀࡀ㸪ฟ᮶ࢆ኱ࡁࡃᕥྑࡍࡿࠋุ᩿࡟㏞࠺タၥࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࠋ㸰㹙୙せᩥ᤼㝖㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ᪧࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂኱ၥ 3A ࡜ྠᙧᘧࠋ๓ᚋࡢᩥ⬦ࢆࡁࡕࢇ࡜㏣ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜୙せ࡞㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀఱ࠿ࢆ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㸱㹙ᩥ୰ㄒྃᩚᗎ㹛 㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࢖࣋ࣥࢺࢆぢ࡟⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢࡶࡓࡽࡍຠᯝࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ౛ᖺࡼࡾࡶ᏶ᡂࡉࡏࡿⱥᩥࡀ㛗࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪ⴠࡕ╔࠸࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜࡛ṇゎ࡟ࡓ࡝ࡾ╔ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㸲㹙㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ࡛㔝⏕ື≀ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ✵ᡤ⿵඘ၥ㢟ࡣ⟅࠼ࢆ⤠ࡾ㎸ࡳࡸࡍࡃ㸪ෆᐜ୍⮴ၥ㢟ࡶุ᩿࡟㏞࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㸳㹙㛗ᩥෆᐜ୍⮴㹛 㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ࠕ᥈᳨ᐙࣆ࣮ࢱ࣮࣭ࣇࣟ࢖࣊ࣥࡢ⏕ᾭࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ୍㒊㞴༢ㄒࡢྵࡲࢀࡿタၥࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ෆᐜࡣ㏣࠸ࡸࡍࡃ㸪᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿ⟠ᡤࡶぢࡘࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ㸴㹙ⱥᩥ᏶ᡂ㹛ᪧࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂኱ၥ 2C ࡜ྠᙧᘧࠋ୍㒊ุ᩿࡟㏞࠺タၥࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᩥ㸦ᶆ‽㸧ἲ࣭ㄒἲࡢᇶᮏ▱㆑࡛ゎ⟅࡛ࡁࡿࠋ᫖ᖺᗘᚋᮇ࡜኱ၥෆᐜ࣭ᙧᘧࡣྠᵝࡔࡀ㸪኱ၥ 5 ࡣศ㔞ࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ඲య࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㧗ᚓⅬࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ┠ᶆࡣ 75%

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