医学部専門予備校
医学部専門予備校メルリックス英進館
医学部専門予備校 YMS 医学部進学予備校メビオ

福岡校

解答速報

東海大学医学部㸱㸲㸳

2022年2月2日実施

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英語

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(1) ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩥ໬ⓗᕪ␗ࡣ㸪㛗ࡽࡃே㢮Ꮫ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣄࢺ࡟ᅛ᭷࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ಙࡌࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᕪ␗ࡀᾏὒ့ஙື≀ࡢ㛫࡟ࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
(2) ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ 2 ࡘࡢ⩌ࢀࡢࢡࢪࣛࡀ㸪㑇ఏᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᙼࡽࡢ㣗㣵࡜⾜ືࡣ㸪㞄᥋ࡍࡿᅜࠎࡢࣄࢺࡢሙྜ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪඲ࡃఝ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(1)

Plants may not seem to be able to comprehend their surroundings or interact with one another.
Actually, they are more responsive to the outer world than they were thought to be.

(ูゎ) Plants may be thought not to understand the world around them or communicate with eachother. However, in fact, they respond much more than was thought.
(2)

The more scientists can grasp the biological mechanisms in which plants communicate
information with each other, the better they will be able to monitor the environmental conditions
such as climate change.

(ูゎ) As scientists can understand more about biological mechanisms of plant communication, theywill be able to take a more careful observation of environmental conditions such as climate change.

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ㸯
ၥ1ࠕ➨ 1 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡣࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕ⌧௦ࡢ♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡢᴗ⦼࡟㛵ࡍࡿホ౯ࡢΰ஘ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ
ࠋࡇࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣⱝ
ᖸࢃ࠿ࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪➨ 1 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀ
ࡽ㸪ᙼዪࡢከࡃࡢᴗ⦼࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᙼዪࡀᬌᖺ࡟ୗࡋࡓุ᩿ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᙼዪࡣ௒᪥࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛࢖ࣥࢻࡢṔྐ࡟࠾࠸࡚≀㆟ࢆ࠿ࡶࡍே≀࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ2

ࠕ➨ 2 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢚ࠕᏛᴗࡣࢯࣛࣈࢪࡢ∗ẕ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚࡜࡚ࡶ㔜せࡔࡗࡓࠖࠋ➨ 2 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ༙ࡤ࡟ࠕᙼዪࡢ୧ぶࡣᩍ⫱ࢆ㔜どࡋࠖࡓ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ3ࠕ➨ 3 ẁⴠෆࡢ[1]࡟ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶࡼࡃ⨨ࡁ᥮ࢃࡿࡶࡢࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠖࠋ๓ᚋࡢ⬦⤡ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࡣࠕ1887 ᖺ࡟࣎ࣥ࣋࢖኱Ꮫ
ࢆࢡࣛࢫ㤳ᖍ࡛༞ᴗࡋⱥᩥᏛࡢᏛ఩ࢆྲྀᚓࡋ࡚㸪ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ⱥᅜࡢ኱
Ꮫ࡛ዡᏛ㔠ࢆཷࡅࡿ㈨᱁ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠖࡑࡋ࡚[1]ࢆྵࡴᩥࡣࠕ[1]࣎ࣥ࣋࢖኱Ꮫࡣ㸪ᙼዪࡢᛶูࢆ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ᙼዪࡢዡᏛ㔠⏦ㄳࢆᣄ⤯ࡋࡓࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡣዡᏛ㔠ࢆ⏦ㄳࡍࡿ㈨᱁ࢆᚓࡓࡀ㸪኱Ꮫഃࡀᣄ⤯ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ὶࢀࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀ࡚㸪 However ࡀṇゎ࡜࡞ࡿࠋၥ4ࠕ➨ 3 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕࢯࣛࣈࢪࡢዡᏛ㔠⏦ㄳࡣ㸪ᙼዪࡀዪᛶࡔࡗࡓ࠿ࡽᣄྰࡉࢀࡓࠖ
ࠋၥ 3 ࡛☜ㄆࡋࡓ➨ 3ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ࠕ࣎ࣥ࣋࢖኱Ꮫࡣ㸪ᙼዪࡢᛶูࢆ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ᙼዪࡢዡᏛ㔠⏦ㄳࢆᣄ⤯ࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ5

ࠕ➨ 4 ẁⴠ࡛㸪(A)཮᪉ࡢດຊࡣࢯࣛࣈࢪࡀ

ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ

ṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕ┤᥋ฟ㢪ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡜࣍ࣈࣁ࢘ࢫኵጔࡀᙼዪࢆᨭ᥼ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࠖࠋ➨ 3 ẁⴠ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕ࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ࡛◊✲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆỴពࡋ࡚㸪ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡣ┤᥋ࢧ࣐࣮ࣦ࢕ࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࡟ฟ㢪ࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⥆ࡃ➨ 4 ᩥ࡟ࠕྠ᫬࡟࣍ࣈࣁ࢘ࢫཀ࡜ࡑࡢጔࡣ㸪࢖ࣥࢻ࡛ࡋࡤࡽ
ࡃ⏕άࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ࠶ࡿዪᛶᩍ⫱ࡢᙉຊ࡞㈶ྠ⪅࡛㸪ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡢⱞቃࢆ⪥࡟ࡋ࡚㸪ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ᪂⪺࡛࠶ࡿࠗࢨ࣭ࢱ࢖࣒ࢬ࠘࡟බ㛤᭩㠃ࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚ᙼዪࡢᩍ⫱ࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶ㔠ࢆເࡗࡓࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୗ
⥺㒊(A)ࡣࡇࢀࡽ஧ࡘࡢࡇ࡜ࡀࡽࢆᣦࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ၥ6ࠕ➨ 4 ẁⴠࡢ୺࡞┠ⓗࡣࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠖ

ṇゎࡣ㸪࢚ࠕ࡝ࢇ࡞せᅉࡀࢯࣛࣈࢪࡢᛮ⪃᪉ἲ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓ࠿ࠖ
ࠋ➨ 4 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟㸪ࠕࢯࣛࣈࢪࡣ㸪ṇ཯ᑐࡢ⏕ࡁࡓぢᮏ࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⪃࠼㸦ᙜ᫬ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡛୺ᙇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸪࢖ࣥࢻேࡓࡕࡣ⮬ᕫࢆᚊࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪ዪᛶࡣ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶຎࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜㸧ࡢ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࢆ྾཰ࡋጞࡵࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡢᛮ⪃ࢆつᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓせᅉࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿
ࡿࠋ
ၥ7ࠕ➨ 5 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪1890 ᖺ௦࡟ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕ࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ࡛ዪᛶࡀᏛ఩ࢆྲྀᚓࡍࡿࡢࡣྍ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ
ࠋ➨ 5 ẁⴠ➨
2 ᩥ࡟ࠕዪᛶࡣ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣᏛ఩ࢆᤵ୚ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛㸪ᙼዪࡣ㸪ἲᏛኈࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟
1893 ᖺ࡟࢖ࣥࢻ࡟ᡠࡗ࡚ࡍࡄ࡟ἲᚊ஦ົᡤ࡟බᘧ࡟ධࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ
ၥ8ࠕ➨ 6 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࣃࣝࢲࢼࢩࣥ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ṇࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡢࡣḟࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖ
ṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕᙼࡽࡣ࢖ࣥࢻ♫఍ࡢୗᒙ㝵⣭ࡢฟ㌟࡛࠶ࡿࠖࠋ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࣃࣝࢲࢼࢩࣥࡣ㸪୺࡜ࡋ࡚ே㔛㞳ࢀࡓᅵᆅ࡟࠶ࡿ㞳ᐑ࡟ᬽࡽࡍ㸪࣮࢝ࢫࢺୖ఩࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢻேዪᛶࡓࡕ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

ၥ9ࠕ➨ 7 ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡢ௙஦ࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕከࡃࡢ⛣ືᡭẁࡢ฼⏝ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ
ࠋ➨ 7 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࡑࡢᚋࡢ 18 ᖺ㛫㸪ᙼዪࡣิ㌴㸪⯪㸪ࢰ࢘ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚⛣ືࡋࡓࡾ㸪⡲࡛㐠ࡤࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚ከࡃࡢᆅ᪉࡟㉱ࡁ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㹼࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ

ၥ 10 ࠕ᭱⤊ẁⴠ࡛㸪 trailblazing ࡟᭱ࡶព࿡ࡀ㏆࠸ࡢࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝࡛࠶ࡿࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢖ࠕඛ㥑ⓗ࡞ࠖࠋᩥ❶඲యࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡀ࢖ࣥࢻேዪᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ึࡵ࡚ࡢᴗ⦼ࢆᡂࡋ㐙ࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ၥ 11 ࠕ᭱⤊ẁⴠ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࢯࣛࣈࢪ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚᥎ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࠖ

ṇゎࡣ㸪࢔ࠕᙼዪࡣ⮬㌟ࡢᨻ἞ほ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ẹ⾗ࡢᨭᣢࢆኻࡗࡓࠖ
ࠋ᭱⤊ẁⴠ➨ 2, 3 ᩥ࡛ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡀዪ
ᛶཧᨻᶒࡸ࢖ࣥࢻࡢ⊂❧࡟཯ᑐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪➨ 4 ᩥ࡛࢖ࣥࢻࡢ⮬❧ࡀ୙ྍ⬟ࡔ࡜ࡍࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ேṔྐᐙࡢⴭ᭩ࢆᨭᣢࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃࡢ࢖ࣥࢻே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱ᚋࡢ୍ᧁ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࡜㏙
࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ୍ᧁ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᙼዪࡣẸ⾗ࡢᨭᣢࢆኻࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎

ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀ㸪➨ 5 ᩥ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᙼዪࡢΏⱥ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ၥ 12 ࠕᮏᩥࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡞ࡶࡢࡣ࡝ࢀ࠿ࠖṇゎࡣ㸪࢘ࠕࢥ࣮ࢿࣜ࢔࣭ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡣ㠉᪂ⓗ୺⩏⪅࡞ࡢ࠿㸪ࡑࢀ࡜ࡶఏ⤫୺⩏⪅࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖࠋ➨ 7, 8ẁⴠ࡛ࡣ㸪࢖ࣥࢻࡢዪᛶࡀ⮬⏤ࡸᶒ฼ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᙼዪࡀຊࢆᑾࡃࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪᭱⤊ẁⴠ࡛ࡣ㸪ᙼዪࡀዪᛶཧᨻᶒࡸ࢖ࣥࢻࡢ⊂❧࡟཯ᑐࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ➨ 1 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᙼዪࡀ⌧ᅾ a controversial figure ࠕ≀㆟ࢆ࠿ࡶࡍே≀ࠖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ୍ぢ▩┪ࡋࡓ⾜ື࡟ࡼࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ၥ 13 ࠕᮏᩥ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚㸪㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢᩥࡀṇࡋࡅࢀࡤ “T” ࢆ㸪ㄗࡾ࡞ࡽࡤ “F” ࢆ࣐࣮ࢡࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠖ
1. ࠕ࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻᅾᏛ୰㸪ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡣ኱Ꮫ⫋ဨ࠿ࡽᨭ᥼ࢆཷࡅࡓࠖ
ṇゎࡣ Tࠋ➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ࠕᙼዪࡣ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞኱ᏛࡢᏛ㒊㛗ࢆྵࡵ㸪ᩍ㣴࡜ᙳ㡪ຊࢆഛ࠼ࡓ
ᨭ᥼⪅ࡓࡕ࡜㛵ಀࢆ⠏ࡁጞࡵ㸪ᙼࡽࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ᙼዪࡢ㐨ࡀ㛤ࡅ㸪ࡲࡓᙼዪࡢே⏕ほࡀᙧసࡽࢀࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟ࡶࠕᙼࡽࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛㸪࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ࡛ዪᛶࡀᏛ࡭ࡿ⛉┠ࡀⱥᩥᏛࡋ࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓ᫬௦࡟㸪ᙼዪࡣἲᚊࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋ
2. ࠕࣃࣝࢲࢼࢩࣥࡢ⏕ά༊ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㓄അ⪅࡜ศࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠖ
ṇゎࡣ Tࠋ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ࠕࣃࣝࢲࢼࢩࣥ࡜ࡣ㸪୺࡜ࡋ࡚ே㔛㞳ࢀࡓᅵᆅ࡟࠶ࡿ㞳ᐑ࡟ᬽࡽࡍ㸪࣮࢝ࢫࢺୖ఩࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢻேዪᛶࡓࡕ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ࡶࠕᙼዪࡓࡕࡣ㏻౛ࡑࡢᆅᇦࡢ⤫἞⪅ࡢጔ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽูࠎ࡟ᬽࡽࡍࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃ㸪እ⏺࡜࡯࡜ࢇ࡝㛵ࢃࡾࢆᣢࡓࡎ㸪ே┠ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ࡜ࡤࡾ㉺ࡋ࡛ࡋ࠿ᐙ᪘࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⏨ᛶ࡟ヰࡋ࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀチࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋ
3. ࠕἲᚊᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࣃࣝࢲࢼࢩࣥࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆࡍࡿ㛫㸪ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡢ㌟ࡣᏳ඲ࡔࡗࡓࠖṇゎࡣ Fࠋ➨ 7 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ࠕዪᛶ࠿ࡽࡢ㈈⏘┦⥆ࢆᮃࡴேࠎࡸ㸪ሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣዪᛶ࠿ࡽ㈈⏘ࢆዣ࠾࠺࡜ࡍࡿேࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⬣ጾ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛㸪ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡣάື୰࡟㸪⮬㌟ࡀẘẅࡉࢀ࠿ࡅࡿ࡞࡝࿨ࢆ≺ࢃࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᨻᗓᙜᒁ࡟ሗ࿌ࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣㄗࡾࠋ
4. ࠕࢯࣛࣈࢪࡣ⮬ศࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓᅵᆅ࡛ஸࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠖ
ṇゎࡣ Fࠋ➨ 8 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ࡟ࠕ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟㸪ࢯࣛࣈࢪࡣࡲࡔከࡃࡢ཭ேࡀ࠸ࡿ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡬࡜⯙࠸ᡠࡾ㸪1929 ᖺࣟࣥࢻࣥ࡟⭜ࢆⴠࡕ╔ࡅ㸪1954 ᖺ࡟ஸࡃ࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡑࡢᆅ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡾ⥆ࡅࡓࠖ࡜࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣㄗࡾҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

㸰
1.

࢖

distracting
࢔ distraction ྡモࠕẼࢆᩓࡽࡍࡇ࡜(ࡶࡢ)㸪Ẽᬕࡽࡋࠖ ࢖ distracting ᙧᐜモࠕேࡢẼࢆᩓࡽࡍࡼ࠺࡞ࠖ ࢘ distract ືモࠕ(ே࣭ὀព࡞࡝ࢆ)ࡑࡽࡍ㸪ᩓࡽࡍ㸪⣮ࡽࡍࠖ ࢚ distractedly ๪モࠕẼࡀᩓࡗ࡚㸪Ẽࢆྲྀࡾ஘ࡋ࡚ࠖ
“~ the announcement on the speaker system was distracting.”ࠕࢫࣆ࣮࣮࢝ࡢ㡢ኌ࡛Ẽࡀᩓࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠖ

2.

࢚

where
ඛ⾜モࡀ schools ࡛✵ᡤ┤ᚋ࡟ࡣ᏶඲ᩥࡀ⥆ࡃࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪✵ᡤ࡟ࡣ㛵ಀ๪モ where ࡀධࡿࠋ“~ they tended to have attended schools where there was encouragement of mutual support.”ࠕᙼࡽࡣ┦஫ᨭ᥼ࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀࡿᏛᰯ࡟ࡣ㏻Ꮫࡍࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠖ

3.

࢚

had caught୺ᩥ࡟㐣ཤᙧຓືモ would ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪 if ⠇࡟ࡣ௬ᐃἲࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋண᝿ࡉࢀࡿᩥෆᐜ࠿ࡽ if ⠇ෆ࡟ࡣ௬ᐃἲ㐣ཤ᏶஢ࡀᚲせࠋ“I would be at the birthday party right now if I had caught the 3:15 bus to Mansfield.”ࠕ3 ᫬ 15 ศࡢ Mansfield ⾜ࡁࡢࣂࢫ࡟஌ࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪ࡕࡻ࠺࡝௒㡭ࡣㄌ⏕᪥ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕࣮࡟ฟᖍ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ

4.

࢖

encouraging people to spend
encourage O to do ~ ࠕO ࡟㹼ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ಁࡍ㸪ዡບࡍࡿࠖ
“~, thus encouraging people to spend money on goods manufactured domestically.”ࠕ㹼ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ேࠎ࡟ᅜෆ࡛〇㐀ࡉࢀࡓၟရ࡟࠾㔠ࢆ౑࠺ࡼ࠺ዡບࡋࡓࠖ

5.

࢔

Had you been୺ᩥ࡟ “would have witnessed” ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㐣ཤࡢෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௬ᐃἲࡢᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ᮲௳࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ㒊ศ࡟ if ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪␲ၥᩥࡢㄒ㡰࡟ಽ⨨ࡋࡓ࢔ “Had you been” ࡀṇゎࠋ“Had you been earlier, you would have witnessed ~”ࠕࡶࡗ࡜᪩ࡃ᮶࡚࠸ࡓࡽ㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡣ㹼ࢆ┠ᧁࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ

6.

࢘

more than one quarter ofmore than ~ ࠕ㹼ࡼࡾከࡃࡢࠖ one quarter of ~ ࠕ㹼ࡢ 4 ศࡢ 1ࠖ
“~, accounting for more than one quarter of all our English class profits last year.”ࠕ᫖ᖺࡢᡃࠎࡢⱥㄒࡢࢡࣛࢫࡢ฼┈ࡢ 4 ศࡢ 1 ௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ7.

࢚seen✵ᡤࢆྵࡴࢥ࣐ࣥෆࡢ㒊ศࡣ๪モⓗせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ศモᵓᩥ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୺ᩥ
ࡢ୺ㄒ “A fresh snowflake” ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࠿ࡽ㸪ཷືࢆ⾲ࡍ㐣ཤศモ࡛࠶ࡿ ࢚ seen ࡀṇゎࠋ
“A fresh snowflake, seen under microscope, has ~”ࠕⴠࡕ࡚ࡁࡓࡤ࠿ࡾࡢ㞷∦ࡣ㸪㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ぢࡿ࡜㸪㹼ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ

8.

࢔

Such
<S is such that ~> ࠕS ࡣ㹼ࡍࡿ࡯࡝ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪S ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶࡣ࡞ࡣࡔࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛㹼ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᵓᩥ࡟Ẽࡀࡘࡅࡓ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡀ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࠋಽ⨨࡟ࡼࡾࡋࡤࡋࡤ <Such is S that ~> ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡟࡞ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࢆᢲࡉ࠼࡚࠾ࡃ࡜Ⰻ࠸ࠋ
“Such was the force of the explosion that four of the room’s windows were blown out.”ࠕ⇿Ⓨࡢຊࡣ㸪㒊ᒇࡢ❆ࡢ࠺ࡕ 4 ࡘࡀ྿ࡁ㣕ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺࡯࡝ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖ

9.

࢔

will display“from now on” ࠕࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡣࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪࠾ࡼࡧᩥ⬦ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠕពᚿࠖࢆ⾲ࡍ ࢔ “will display” ࠕ㹼ࢆ⾲♧࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠖࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢖ “will have displayed”
ࡣᮍ᮶᏶஢ࢆ⾲ࡍࡀ㸪ࡑࡢሙྜࡣࠕ(ᮍ᮶ࡢ࠶ࡿ᫬Ⅼࡲ࡛࡟ࡣ)㹼ࢆ⾲♧ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ
࠺ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࢚ “will have been displayed” ࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕཷືࠖࢆ⾲ࡍࡓࡵ୙㐺ࠋ“In response to the feedback ~, our product labels will display more information about … from now on.”ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨࠕ㹼ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࢆཷࡅ㸪ᡃ♫ࡢၟရࣛ࣋ࣝࡣ͐࡟㛵ࡋ࡚௒ᚋࡣࡉࡽ࡟ከࡃࡢ᝟ሗࢆ⾲♧࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠖ
10. ࢘are allowed<allow O to do ~> ࠕO ࡀ㹼ࡍࡿࡢࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࠖ ✵ᡤ┤ᚋ࡟┠ⓗㄒ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪 ཷືែ࡛࠶ࡿ ࢘ are allowed ࡀṇゎࠋ“~ companies are allowed to enter into short-term contracts with ~”ࠕ௻ᴗࡣ㹼࡜▷ᮇዎ⣙ࢆ⥾⤖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ㸱1.

࢔innovativeࠕ㠉᪂ⓗ࡞㸪᝿ീຊ࡟ᐩࢇࡔࠖ = creative2.

࢘

vividnessࠕ㩭ࡸ࠿ࡉࠖ

= intensity3.

࢚

beat around the bushࠕ㐲ᅇࡋ࡟ゝ࠺ࠖ= hesitate4.

࢔hindranceࠕ㑧㨱࡟࡞ࡿே࣭≀ࠖ= obstacle

5.

࢔haughtyࠕ㧗៏࡞㸪ᶓ᯶࡞ࠖ

= arrogant

6.

࢘

allocationࠕ๭ࡾᙜ࡚㸪㓄ศࠖ= distribution

7.

࢚

betrayࠕ㹼ࢆ⿬ษࡿࠖ

= be disloyal to ~8.

࢖

to the letterࠕᩥᏐ㏻ࡾ࡟㸪ṇ☜࡟ࠖ= exactly

9.

࢘

stumbleࠕࡘࡲࡎࡃ㸪ࡼࢁࡵࡃࠖ

= trip10.

࢘incessantlyࠕ⤯࠼ࡎ㸪ࡦࡗࡁࡾ࡞ࡋ࡟ࠖ

= constantly㸲1.

࢖ ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㹝㹝㹝㹝ࠖ
1 ࡘ┠ࡢ John ࡢⓎゝ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ “~, tell us how it feels to be in the lead again at the start of the final
round, just like last week and on your debut the week before that.” ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㒊ศ࠿ࡽ㸪ࢪࣙࣥࡀඛ㐌ࡶඛࠎ㐌ࡶ᭱⤊ࣛ࢘ࣥࢻࡲ࡛ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ

2.

࢖ ࠕࢫࢸ࢕࣮ࣦࡀ “a real nail-biter” ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᜍࡽࡃᙼࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
1 ࡘ┠ࡢ Steve ࡢⓎゝ➨ 4 ᩥ࡟ “I was never really sure if I was going to win until the very end.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕᮏᙜ࡟᭱ᚋࡢ▐㛫ࡲ࡛຾࡚ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿☜ಙࡀᣢ࡚࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜Ⓨゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㒊ศ࠿ࡽṇゎࡢ “a suspenseful situation” ࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ nail-biter ࡜ࡣࠕࣁࣛࣁࣛࡉࡏࡿヨྜࡸᫎ⏬࡞࡝ࠖ㸪 suspenseful ࡜ࡣࠕ୙Ᏻ࡟‶ࡕ࡚࠸ࡿࡉࡲࠖࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ

3.

࢔ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪᭱⤊ၥ㢟ࡢᙧᘧࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࠖ
4 ࡘ┠ࡢ John ࡢⓎゝ➨ 4 ᩥ࡟ “However, there’s an additional challenge: during that time, you mustalso decide how much of the money you’ve won today to bet.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪㏣ຍࡢㄢ㢟ࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࡢ㒊ศ࡜ࡑࡢ┤๓ࡢᩥ࠿ࡽ᭱⤊ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ 15 ⛊࡜࠸࠺ไ㝈᫬㛫ෆ࡟ 2 ࡘࡢࡍ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜
࠶ࡿ࡜ㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ

4.

࢚ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㹝㹝㹝㹝ࡔ࡜᥎࡛ࡁࡿࠖ

2 ࡘ┠ࡢ Mary ࡢⓎゝ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ “This is my big chance, but I’m not sure I can catch up.” ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇ
ࡢ㒊ศ࠿ࡽ࣓࢔ࣜࡣ㏣࠸௜ࡅࡿ࡜ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ
5.

࢖ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㓄㏦ᩱࡣ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࡔࠖ4 ࡘ┠ࡢ Ali ࡢⓎゝ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ “Their rate is flexible; there’s a surcharge during peak times like 7:00 or
8:00 PM, but at this time of day, it’s 10%.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪௒ὀᩥࡍࢀࡤ㓄㏦ᩱࡣ 10%ࡋ࠿࠿࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜
ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ6.

࢔ ࠕࢪࣥࡣ࡝ࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡟Ỵࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ
4 ࡘ┠ࡢ Jin ࡢⓎゝ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ “I’ll go for that one with the first-order discount you were talking about.”࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ 2 ࡘ┠ࡢ Ali ࡢⓎゝ➨ 2 ᩥ “AbleEats gives customers $10 off their first order.” ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ7.

࢔ࠕ࢔ࣜࡢ “spring for it.” ࡜࠸࠺Ⓨゝࡣ㸪࠾ࡑࡽࡃࢪࣥࡀ㹝㹝㹝㹝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
6 ࡘ┠ࡢ Ali ࡢⓎゝ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ “That’s generous!” ࠕẼ๓ࡀ࠸࠸ࡡ࠼ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ┤ᚋࡢ 7 ࡘ┠
ࡢ Ali ࡢⓎゝ࡟ “Just kidding. I’ll give you my share in cash ~.” ࠕ෕ㄯࡔࡼࠋ㹼⌧㔠࡛ᡶ࠺ࡼࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪࢔ࣜࡣ෕ㄯࡢࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࠕࢪࣥࡀ࠾ࡈࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ spring for ~ ࡣࠕ㹼ࢆ࠾ࡈࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࠋ

8.

࢘ࠕᑐヰ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪㹝㹝㹝㹝࡜᥎࡛ࡁࡿࠖ

3 ࡘ┠ࡢ Kate ࡢⓎゝ࡟ “Jin and I told you we’re trying to avoid foods with too much fat and salt thissummer.” ࡜࠶ࡾ㸪ࢣ࢖ࢺ࡜ࢪࣥࡣ೺ᗣ࡟Ⰻ࠸㣗࡭≀ࢆὀᩥࡋࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ㸳ၥ 1 ࢘ ࠕᚠ⎔ㄽἲࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ2 ࡛ᚠ⎔ㄽἲࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ “a logical error in which the conclusion of an argument
comes back to ~”ࠕ㆟ㄽࡢ⤖ㄽࡀド᫂ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ᣺ࡾฟࡋ࡟ᡠࡿㄽ⌮ⓗ㘒ㄗࠖ࡜ࡋࡓᚋ㸪1 ࡛“Many people love pizza because pizza is delicious.” ࠕࣆࢨࡣேẼࡔ࠿ࡽࣆࢨዲࡁ࡞ேࡀከ࠸ࠖ࡜ࡑࡢලయ౛ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࢀ࡛㸪2 Ѝ 1 ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋḟ࡟㸪4 ࡢ “this example” ࡣ㸪1 ࡢ “the followingexample” ࢆᣦࡋ㸪3 ࡢ “This” ࡣ㸪4 ࡢ “‘many people love’ and ‘is popular’ essentially have the samemeaning” ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪1 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 3 ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋ4 ࡛ 1 ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡓ౛ࡢ࡝ࡇ࡟㘒ㄗࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿
ࢆ♧ࡋࡓᚋ㸪3 ࡛ㄽ⌮ⓗ࡟ṇࡋ࠸౛ࢆ♧ࡍὶࢀࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪2 Ѝ 1 Ѝ 4 Ѝ 3 ࡀṇゎࠋၥ2 ࢔࠶ࡿᫎീࡢព࿡ࡢゎ㔘ࡀ㸪๓ᚋ࡟ὶࢀࡿᫎീ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕࢡࣞࢩࣙࣇຠᯝࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ
2 “experimenting with new ways to edit film” ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿලయⓗෆᐜࡀ㸪 “In his most famousexperiment, ~” ࡼࡾጞࡲࡿ 1 ࡟グ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ 1 ࡢ “shots of a bowl of soup, a dead child,and a young woman on a sofa” ࠕ୍ᮼࡢࢫ࣮ࣉ࡜Ꮚ౪ࡢ㑇య࡜ࢯࣇ࢓࣮࡟ᗙࡗ࡚࠸ࡿⱝ࠸ዪᛶࡢሙ㠃ࠖࡀ㸪3 ࡢ “his expressive depictions of hunger, sorrow, and desire” ࠕࡑࡢᙺ⪅ࡢ✵⭡㸪ᝒࡋࡳ㸪ḧᮃࡢ⾲᝟ᥥ෗ࠖ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪4 ࡢ “This phenomenon” ࡣ㸪3 “Audiences praised
the actor for ~” ඲ᩥࡢෆᐜࢆᣦࡍࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪2 Ѝ 1 Ѝ 3 Ѝ 4 ࡀṇゎࠋ

ၥ 3 ࢖ ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀࢡࣛ࢘ࢻࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡୖ࡛㢌⬻ࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ㧗ᗘ࡞సᴗࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠕࢡࣛ࢘ࢻࣟ
࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ4 ࡢ “ ‘brains’ inside their own bodies” ࠕయෆ࡟࠶ࡿࠗ⬻࠘ࠖ࡜㸪2 ࡢ “sharedbrains stored in the online cloud” ࠕ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥࢡࣛ࢘ࢻୖ࡟ಖᏑࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡓ⬻ࠖ࡜ࡀ4 Ѝ 2 ࡢ㡰࡟ᑐẚࡢ㛵ಀ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓࡇࡢ 2 ࡢ “shared brains” ࡜㸪1 ࡢ “this kind ofcommunal brain” ࡜ࡀᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪4 Ѝ 2 Ѝ 1 ࡜Ỵࡲࡿࠋḟ࡟ 3 ࡢ “these advantages”
ࡣ㸪1 ࡢ “robots gain memory, computational power, and the ability to learn collectively” ࠕࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡀグ᠈㡿ᇦ࡜㸪ィ⟬ຊ࡜㸪㞟ྜⓗ࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆᚓࡿࠖࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪1 Ѝ 3 ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡼࡗ
࡚㸪4 Ѝ 2 Ѝ 1 Ѝ 3 ࡀṇゎࠋ
ၥ 4 ࢖ ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢἲไᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠋ1 ࡛ࡣ civil lawࠕẸἲࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛㸪3 ࡢ “onthe other hand” ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪civil law ࠕẸἲࠖ࡜ criminal law ࠕฮἲࠖࡢ ᑐ❧ᵓ㐀ࡢⱥᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ẽ௜ࡅࡿࠋࡇࡢᑐ❧ᵓ㐀࡟Ẽ௜ࡅࡤ㸪2 ࡟࠶ࡿ “A major distinction between
these bodies of law” ࡢ these bodies of law ࡀ civil law ࡜ criminal law ࡜ศ࠿ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ 2 ࡘࡢἲࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᕪ␗࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ⥆ࡃࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢᩥࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿ “the degree of certainty” ࡢලయⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡀᚋ࡟⥆ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪᭱ᚋࡢ 4 ࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢἲࡢ certainty ࡢᗘྜ࠸ࡀලయⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪1 Ѝ 3 Ѝ 2 Ѝ 4 ࡀṇゎࠋ㸴(1) ࢔✵ᡤ(1)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕྛࣂࣥࢻࡣኟࡢࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ࡛ࢳࢣࢵࢺࢆ୍␒኎ࡾୖࡆࡓࡀ㸪඲ 16 බ₇ࡢ࠺ࡕࠥࡢබ₇࡛ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ኎ࡾୖࡆࡀప࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ኎ࡾୖ
ࡆࡀప࠸ࡢࡣ “Fall” ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ “Band W” ࡢබ₇ࡔ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡾ㸪 “Band W’s fall” ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ(2) ࢘✵ᡤ(2)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕࣂࣥࢻ Z ࡣ㸪4 ᅇࡢබ₇ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛ࠥ࠾ࡼࡑ 6,000 ᯛࡢࢳࢣࢵࢺࢆ኎ࡾୖࡆࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ㸪“Band X”ࡢࢳࢣࢵࢺ኎ࡾୖࡆࡀ 6,000 ᯛ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣ “Fall”, “Winter”, “Spring” ࡢ 3 ᅇ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾ㸪“three” ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ(3) ࢘✵ᡤ(3)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕ࠾ࡑࡽࡃᐉఏࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡏ࠸࡛㸪ࣂࣥࢻ X ⛅බ₇ࡢ㸯㝵ࣂࣝࢥࢽ࣮ᖍࢳࢣࢵࢺࡢ኎ࢀṧࡾᩘࡣ㸪୍␒኎ࡾୖࡆࡀⰋ࠿ࡗࡓබ₇ࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࠥࡔࡗࡓ࡛ࠖ
࠶ࡿࠋ⾲࠿ࡽ㸪 “Fall” ࡢ “First balcony” ࡢ኎ࢀṧࡾࡣ 817 ᯛ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ኎ࡾୖࡆࡢⰋ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ࡘࡲࡾࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ኎ࢀṧࡾࡢᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸧 “Summer” ࡢ 204 ᯛ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜࠾ࡼࡑ 4 ಸ኎ࢀṧࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾ㸪“four times” ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ(4) ࢘✵ᡤ(4)ࢆྵࡴ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࠕ2 㝵ࣂࣝࢥࢽ࣮ᖍࢳࢣࢵࢺࡢ኎ࢀṧࡾᩘࡣࠥබ₇୍࡛␒ከ࠸࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ⾲࠿ࡽ㸪“Second balcony” ࡢ኎ࢀṧࡾࡀ୍␒ከ࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡀ “Winter” ࡢ 1,491 ᯛ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡾ㸪 “winter” ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ㸵
(1)“Such cultural differences have long been believed by anthropologists to be unique to humankind,”ࠕࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩥ໬ⓗᕪ␗ࡣ㸪ே㢮Ꮫ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣄࢺ࡟ᅛ᭷࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㛗ࡽࡃಙࡌࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠖ
<be believed to do ~> ࡛ࠕ㹼ࡍࡿ࡜ಙࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡢព࿡ࠋ⌧ᅾ᏶஢᫬ไࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࠕࡎࡗ࡜㸦㛗ࡃ㸪㛗ࡽࡃ㸧㹼ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
“~, although recent research has brought to light that they also exist among marine mammals.”ࠕ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼㸪᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᕪ␗ࡀᾏὒ့ஙື≀ࡢ㛫࡟ࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿
࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
<bring ~ to light> ࡣࠕ㹼ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠖࡢព࿡ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪┠ⓗㄒ࡟࡞ࡿ that ⠇ࡀᩥᮎ࡟⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸࡚㸪<bring to light that ~> ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀពࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪although ⠇ࡣ㸪ゎ⟅౛ࡢࡼ࠺࡟๓࠿ࡽヂࡍ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ

(2)“In spite of the fact that whales from two schools are genetically indistinguishable, ~”ࠕ2 ࡘࡢ⩌ࢀࡢࢡࢪࣛࡣ㸪㑇ఏᏊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ༊ู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠖschool ࡣࠕ㸦㨶࡞࡝ࡢ㸧⩌ࢀࠖࡢពࠋ “in spite of the fact that ~” ࡛ࠕ㹼࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠖࡢ
ពࠋ“~ their diet and behavior are no more similar than those of humans living in adjacent countries.”ࠕ㞄᥋ࡍࡿᅜࠎ࡟⏕άࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࣄࢺࡢሙྜ࡜ྠᵝ㸪㣗㣵࡜⾜ືࡣ඲ࡃఝ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ
<no more ~ than A> ࡛ࠕA㸦ࡀࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ࡢ㸧࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟㹼࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྰᐃࡢ⾲⌧ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
those ࡣ “diet and behavior” ࢆᣦࡍࠋ adjacent ࡣࠕ㞄᥋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡢពࠋ㸶(1) ࠕ࿘ࡾࡢ⎔ቃࢆ⌮ゎࠖunderstand the world around them / comprehend their environment ࡞࡝ࠋ
5 ⾜┠~ certain harmful chemicals are present in the soil ࡞࡝ࡀࡑࡢ౛ࠋ1 ⾜┠࡟࠶ࡿ⾲⌧࡞࡝ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࠕ┦஫స⏝ࠖ

communicate with each other / interact with ~ / have interactions with one anotherࠕ㹼ࡏࡎ㸪͐ࡶࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ

not ~ or also … ࠋྰᐃࡢ୪ิ࡟ࡣ or ࢆ౑࠺ࠋ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ㹼࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ
may be thought to do ~ / may seem to (be able to) do ~ ࡞࡝ࠋࠕᐇࡣࠖ

in fact / actually ࡞࡝ࠋࠕ௨๓⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡼࡾࡶࡣࡿ࠿࡟཯ᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
respond much more than was thought / are still more responsive to the outer world
than they were thought ࡞࡝ࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ(2) ࠕ᝟ሗ஺᥮ࡍࡿ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ௙⤌ࡳࠖ
the biological mechanisms in which plants communicate information with eachother / biological mechanisms of plant communication

࡞࡝ࠋgrasp / know about ࡞࡝ࠋࠕᢕᥱࠖࠕ㹼࡛ࡁࢀࡤ࡛ࡁࡿ࡯࡝㸪͐ࠖthe more ~, the better … / as ~ more, … moreࠕẼೃኚື࡞࡝ࡢ⎔ቃ᮲௳ࢆ㹼┘どࠖ
monitor the environmental conditions such as climate change / take a carefulobservation of environmental conditions such as climate variation ࡞࡝ࠋ౛♧ࢆ⾲ࡍ such as ࡢ๓ࡣ」ᩘᙧ࡛᭩ࡃࡢࡀዲࡲࡋ࠸ࠋㅮホ㸯㹙㛗ᩥෆᐜ୍⮴㹛 㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕࢥ࣮ࢿࣜ࢔࣭ࢯࣛࣈࢪ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ┦཯ࡍࡿṔྐⓗホ౯ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋෆᐜ㸪タၥ࡜ࡶ࡟≉࡟㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜ᚓⅬࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ㸰㹙ᩥἲᅄᢥ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧඾ᆺⓗ࡞ฟ㢟ෆᐜ࡛㸪ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ࡜Ꮫ⩦ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤᚓⅬࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ㸱㹙ྠ⩏ㄒ㑅ᢥ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧㞴ࡋ࠸༢ㄒࡣ࡞ࡃṇゎࢆ㑅ࡧࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ▱ࡽ࡞࠸༢ㄒࡶ㸪ᩥ⬦࠿ࡽ㑅ᢥྍ⬟ࠋ㸲㹙఍ヰ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧๓༙ࡣࠕࢡ࢖ࢬ␒⤌࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛᅇ⟅⪅࡜ྖ఍⪅ࡢ఍ヰࠖࠋᚋ༙ࡣࠕ࢔ࣉࣜࢆ⏝࠸࡚㣗஦ࢆὀᩥࡍࡿሙ㠃࡛ࡢ཭ேྠኈࡢ఍ヰࠖࠋྛタၥࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣṇㄗࡢุ᩿ࢆࡘࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࠋ㸳㹙ᩥᩚᗎ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ᣦ♧ㄒࡸ௦ྡモࢆุ᩿ᇶ‽࡟ࡋ࡚⟅࠼ࢆฟࡏࡿタၥࡀከ࠸ࠋ㸴㹙ᅗ࣭ࢢࣛࣇ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆṇ☜࡟ㄞࡳྲྀࡿຊࢆヨࡍၥ㢟ࡔࡀ㸪≉࡟㞴ࡋࡉࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㸵㹙࿴ヂ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕࢡࢪࣛࡢ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ≉ᚩࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋᵓ㐀㏻ࡾ⣲┤࡟ヂࡏࡿࠋ㸶㹙ⱥヂ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕ᳜≀ྠኈࡢ┦஫స⏝ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋᩥ୰࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿ⾲⌧ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᩥ❶ෆᐜࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ୗ⥺㒊ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࡢព࿡ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ኱ၥᵓᡂ㸪ၥ㢟㔞ཬࡧ㞴᫆ᗘࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ౛ᖺ୪ࡳࠋ┠ᶆࡣ 70%

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医学部専門予備校英進館メビオ 医学部専門予備校 YMS 医学部進学予備校メビオ
大阪市中央区石町 2-3-12 ベルヴォア天満橋

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