Personal Handy-phone System

A real personal communications world

Guidebook
4th edition

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1:
An Introduction to the World of PHS ····································· 1
1.1 PHS MoU Group ······································································· 1
1.1.1 Members ··········································································· 1
1.1.2 Objective··········································································· 1
1.1.3 Activities··········································································· 2
1.2 PHS Service Overview ································································ 2
1.2.1 Service Concept ··································································· 2
1.2.2 Objectives ········································································· 2
1.2.3 Applications ······································································· 4
1.3 PHS Current Status····································································· 7
1.3.1 World ·············································································· 7
1.3.2 Countries and Regions ··························································· 8

Chapter 2:
PHS System Features & Technical Basics ······························· 13
2.1 PHS System Features ································································· 13
2.1.1 Wide Applications with Terminal Mobility ·································· 13
2.1.2 Utilization of the Existing Network ··········································· 14
2.1.3 Typical PHS System Configurations ·········································· 15
2.1.4 Easy Installation of the CSs ···················································· 16
2.1.5 PHS Basic Services ······························································ 19
2.1.6 PHS Supplementary Services ·················································· 21
2.2 Technical Basics ······································································· 22
2.2.1 Open Systems ···································································· 22
2.2.2 PHS Radio Technologies ······················································· 23
2.2.3 PHS Network Technologies ···················································· 29
2.3 PHS Mutimedia Features ····························································· 29
2.3.1 PHS Bearer Digital Data Transmission Service ······························ 29
2.3.2 32kbps/64kbps Digital Data Transmission Services with PIAFS ·········· 30
2.3.3 MITF Dial-up Dormant Protocol (ARIB STD T-78) ························ 32
2.3.4 Packet Data Transmission Service ············································· 33
2.3.5 Advanced PHS Technologies ·················································· 34
2.3.6 Various PHS Data Terminals ··················································· 36
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Chapter 3:
XGP Features ································································· 39
3.1 Trend of Mobile BWA of ITU-R ···················································· 39
3.1.1 Trend of Mobile BWA of ITU-R ·············································· 39
3.1.2 XGP History······································································ 40
3.2 Features of XGP ······································································· 41
3.2.1 OFDMA/TDMA/TDD ·························································· 41
3.2.2 Easy Terminal Development ··················································· 43
3.2.3 Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) ········································ 44
3.2.4 Micro Cell ········································································ 46
3.2.5 Overcoming Weak Points of Existing PHS ··································· 46
3.2.6 Co-existence with current PHS ················································ 47
3.3 Applications of XGP ·································································· 48
3.3.1 Applications in Health ·························································· 48
3.3.2 Applications at Home ··························································· 49
3.3.3 Applications as Mobile ························································· 50
3.3.4 Applications in Business ························································ 50
3.3.5 Other Applications ······························································ 51

Chapter 4:
Public Digital Cordless Telephone Application ························ 52
4.1 System Configuration and Interface················································· 52
4.1.1 System Configuration···························································· 52
4.1.2 Interface ··········································································· 53
4.2 Major System Elements ······························································ 53
4.2.1 PHS Switching Center (PSC) ·················································· 53
4.2.2 Cell Station (CS) ································································· 55
4.2.3 Personal Station (PS) ···························································· 60
4.2.4 Repeater ·········································································· 62
4.2.5 Intelligent Network (IN) ························································ 63
4.2.6 IP-transformed System ·························································· 67
4.2.7 Study of PHS/GSM Dual Mode Service ····································· 68
4.3 Handover ··············································································· 70
4.4 Roaming Capabilities ································································· 72
4.5 Multi Number Roaming ······························································ 75
4.6 PHS Management System ···························································· 76
4.6.1 Administration and Billing Systems ··········································· 76
4.6.2 Network Maintenance System ················································· 78
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Chapter 5: Wireless Local Loop / Fixed Wireless Access system Application ···· 79
5.1 Introduction ··········································································· 79
5.2 Requirements for WLL/FWA Solution ············································· 80
5.3 System Configuration and Interface················································· 82
5.3.1 System Configuration ··························································· 82
5.3.2 Interface ·········································································· 83
5.3.3 Comparison of WLL/FWA System Technologies ··························· 84
5.3.4 Application ······································································· 85
5.4 Major System Elements ······························································ 87
5.4.1 WLL/FWA Access Controller (WAC) ······································· 88
5.4.2 WLL/FWA Cell Station (WCS) ·············································· 88
5.4.3 WLL/FWA Subscriber Unit (WSU) ·········································· 88
5.4.4 WLL/FWA Personal Station (WPS) ·········································· 88
5.5 Service Features ······································································· 89

Chapter 6:
Private Communication System Application ··························· 91
6.1 Corporate Application ································································ 91
6.1.1 Features ··········································································· 91
6.1.2 System Configuration ··························································· 92
6.1.3 Application Examples ··························································· 93
6.2 Home Application ··································································· 100
6.2.1 Home Digital Cordless Telephone ··········································· 100
6.2.2 Transceiver Mode (Walkie-Talkie) ········································· 102

Chapter 7:
Certification for PHS Equipment in Japan ··························· 104
7.1 Technical Standards Conformity Certification based on the Radio Law ···· 106
7.1.1 Application Submission······················································· 106
7.1.2 Certification Procedure Flowcharts·········································· 107
7.2 Technical Conditions Compliance Approval based on the
Telecommunication Business Law ········································· 111
7.2.1 Terminal Equipment Approval System ···································· 111
7.2.2 Application Submission······················································· 111
7.3 Conformance Test based on the ARIB Technical Report······················· 114
7.3.1 Test Overview·································································· 114
7.3.2 Test Procedure Flowchart····················································· 114
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7.4 Certification for PHS Equipment Overseas-Singapore Case Study ·········· 115
7.4.1 History ·········································································· 115
7.4.2 Performance Certification of PHS Equipment for Use in Singapore ···· 116
Appendix 1:
A1.1

Comparison with Other Systems ······································· 118

Comparison of XGP and other systems········································· 118

Appendix 2:Standards and References ··············································· 120

Appendix 3:

Glossary ····································································· 123

Editor’s Note ·················································································· 128

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Chapter 1
An Introduction to the World of PHS
1.1 PHS MoU Group
The PHS MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) Group was established in July 1996
under the following guidelines.

1.1.1 Members
The PHS MoU Group is an open association based on voluntary participation.
Membership is open to all organizations involved in the business of PHS - such as
telecommunication operators, manufacturers, etc.
(If you have an interest in participating in PHS MoU Group, please contact with PHS
MoU Group Office of which address is described at the end of this guidebook.)

1.1.2 Objective
The objective of PHS MoU Group is to introduce, operate, and spread the PHS on aworld-wide basis and thereby contribute to the improved convenience of
telecommunication users and bring on consequential benefit to the people of the world.
The objective is based upon the open technical specifications and the recognition of thegreat potential of PHS. In the rapidly expanding arena of personal communications,
PHS is positioned to economically provide superior solutions in public digital cordlesstelephone, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) / Fixed wireless Access (FWA) system,
wireless Private Automatic Branch eXchange (PABX), home digital cordless telephone,and other applications.

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1.1.3 Activities
As illustrated in Figure 1.1-1, the activities of the PHS MoU Group are to:Prepare PHS technical specifications
Promote the PHS service for its worldwide use
Develop PHS services
Promote PHS international roaming
Management and assigning PHS ID (unique ID code assigned for each
PHS equipment each country)
Conduct general and miscellaneous promotion of PHS
Publication of newsletters and update homepage periodically
Enlightening activities and specification draft for “XGP” (pet name of
Next-Generation PHS)
Technical instructions to telecom authorities, broadband operators inforeign countries in order to optimize PHS network aboard

1.2 PHS Service Overview
1.2.1 Service Concept
The concept of PHS service is to provide:
Wireless multimedia communications
Terminal mobility
Complete two-way communication
Alternative access method to a network
In order to deliver a truly personal communication service in an economical manner,
PHS uses small, lightweight handsets for the home, office, and public settings. These
subscriber terminals support not only high-quality voice communication but also fax
and high-speed data communication with high level security.

1.2.2 Objectives
The wireless telecommunication solutions which were marketed in '90s contained
ultimate limitation and weakness that prevented them from tapping the mass market
successfully.

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Disadvantages of cellular systems

Subscription and call charges are comparatively highCellular terminals for analog cellular systems are often noisy
Batteries for cellular terminals require frequent recharging
Capability to handle data and/or fax calls is poor
Voice communication by an analog cellular system can be easily tappedby a third party
Disadvantages of analog cordless telephone systems

Voice communication can be easily monitored by a third party
Disadvantages of paging systems

Two-way voice communication is not supported
PHS was developed to overcome the above disadvantages and to satisfy growing
potential demand for personal communications. PHS development was founded on thefollowing key factors to address these needs:
Micro cell technology

Increases capacity through greater frequency reuse over a given
geographic region
Reduces cell station construction costs
Reduces the terminal size and weight
Increases the terminal battery life
Utilization of the existing network

Reduces PHS network construction costs
Fully digital radio link

Ensures high-quality communication
Enhances multimedia capabilities
Reduces the terminal size and weight
Enhances security
Dynamic channel allocation

Simplifies cell station engineering
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Facilitates a multi-operator environment in the same service area
Increases frequency efficiency
32kbps ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation) voice coding

Ensures high-quality voice communication comparable to wired service
Based on the above basic guidelines, PHS development activities started at the
Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) and Telecommunication
Technology Committee (TTC) of Japan for standardization of the system. PHS airinterface was standardized in 1993 by ARIB as “RCR STD-28”.
For the PHS to be used commonly throughout the world, the PHS MoU Group has
continued to develop the PHS MoU Technical Specifications based on International
Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
Recommendations, ARIB Standards, and TTC Standards. These PHS MoU Technical
Specifications will provide solutions to a wide variety of network and communicationneeds throughout the world.

1.2.3 Applications
The PHS technologies are applicable to various fields of both public and private
telecommunication services, as illustrated in Figure 1.2-1. In both public and private
applications, the PHS terminal can be used consistently by one person in a variety ofsituations, while retaining terminal mobility.
Private Applications

Public Applications

PS Outdoor

Suburbanand Rural AreaPS

WLL/FWA

TransceiverPHS
Terminal Mobility

Home

Public Space
DigitalCordless Phone

OfficeOutdoorPublicMobile Phone
Wireless PABX

Figure 1.2-1

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Public Digital Cordless Telephone

This application of PHS technology enables public wide area communication
service with moderate mobility. It provides coverage for urban and suburban areas
both outdoors and indoors. Public indoor spaces include underground shopping
centers, railway stations, hotels, etc. Coverage inside a home is also offered by thehigh power public cell stations installed in the vicinity or by the use of compact
home repeaters.
There are three primary areas of opportunity for the introduction of PHS technology
to public services, as illustrated in Figure 1.2-2. The first involves fixed network
operators seeking to provide a value-added service. The second involves cellular
operators seeking to expand coverage areas by introducing cellular/PHS dual modeterminal. The third involves new common carriers that intend to begin PHS service
by either deploying an independent type of PHS network or utilizing an existing
network.

Cellular2

Tariff
3
Fixed

1

PHS
1 Cordless Phone with Public Mobility
2 Wider Coverage Areas(train platform, hotel lobby, etc.)
3 PHS Service by a New Operator

Mobility

Figure 1.2-2

Deployment of PHS from Business Aspect (Public PHS)WLL / FWA system

The PHS technology can be applied to the WLL/FWA systems as replacement for
conventional wired service. This has two major advantages. First, WLL/FWA
service can be installed much more rapidly than traditional wired service; secondly,
cost of PHS-WLL/FWA solution is becoming competitive to twisted pair cables.
With the present global scenario of falling radio equipment costs, almost steady

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cable costs and rapidly rising network construction costs, the PHS-WLL/FWA
system can prove to be more cost effective in certain cases.
PHS-WLL/FWA system can be applied both in suburban/rural areas andmetropolitan areas. When applied to metropolitan areas, it can act as a radio
concentration system to most effectively utilize existing cables.
To introduce public PHS service in an existing Public Switched Telephone
Networks (PSTN), the PHS equipment is added to the existing network. Whileadding the PHS equipment, it may be necessary to have an additional equipment
depending on whether the existing PSTN has Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN) and Intelligent Network (IN) facilities or not. For example, when theexisting PSTN has the provision for ISDN and IN facilities, the introduction of
public PHS service can be easily realized. On the other hand, the introduction of
WLL/FWA system is not bound by such considerations because the
PHS-WLL/FWA equipment can connect to the existing PSTN in accordance with
ITU-T defined international standards. Therefore, the PHS-WLL/FWA system canbe easily introduced by simply adding a PHS-WLL/FWA equipment. The Figure
1.2-3 shows the additional equipment required to introduce the public PHS service
and PHS-WLL/FWA system to an existing PSTN.

WLL/FWA

Public PHS Service

Addition to theexisting network
PHS Equipment
PHS-WLL/FWA Equipment( SS No.7/ ISDN/ IN )Existing PSTN

Figure 1.2-3

Existing PSTN

Additional Equipment for Public PHS and PHS-WLL/FWA system

Transceiver Mode (Walkie-Talkie)

PHS terminals have a capability to communicate directly with each other without
the intervention of cell stations provided they are within range of sight. This makes
the PHS terminal more attractive to the users.

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Home Digital Cordless Telephone

The PHS terminal can be used as a home digital cordless telephone, thereby
extending the access method of conventional wired service. The PHS home digitalcordless telephone is highly secure by means of the latest digital technology incomparison with an analog cordless telephone. The public PHS service is alsoavailable inside a house within the service area as the user can easily expand thecoverage with the help of a compact cigarette case sized home repeater.
Wireless PABX

PHS-based wireless PABX systems provide office mobility and greater flexibility
in the office environment. They also relieve relocation problems associated withwired PABX terminals.

1.3 PHS Current Status
1.3.1 World
PHS services are being introduced around the world. Many governments and authorizedorganizations are taking the steps necessary to allocate frequency band for the
introduction of PHS services in their countries. Field trials of public, private and
WLL/FWA applications are also expanding all over the world, as can be seen in the
Figure 1.3-1. and 1.3-2 show the subscriber transition of PHS in the world.

China
U.S.A

Mali

Egypt
Saudi Arabia

U.A.E.

Nigeria
Ethiopia

Bangladesh
India
VietnamThailand
Malaysia
SingaporeJapan
TaiwanHonduras

Haiti

Philippines
GuatemalaTanzania

Costa Rica
Colombia

Indonesia

BrazilChile

Australia

Uruguay
New ZealandArgentina

Introduction or commercial service

Figure 1.3-1 World map with PHS installations

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(thousands)
12.00010.000
8.000
6.000
4.000
2.000
0
‘95

‘96

Figure 1.3-2

‘97

‘98

‘99

‘00

‘01

‘02

‘03

‘04

‘05

‘06

Subscriber Transition of PHS in the World

1.3.2 Countries and Regions
Japan

Public PHS service in Japan saw an increasing subscriber base ever since its start inJuly 1995. The subscriber base further picked up with the introduction of highspeed data services in April 1997 as it opened doors to new application areas. By
the end of 1997 the PHS service had more than 7 million subscribers just two years
after its introduction. However, when the year of 1998 began, the number of PHS
subscribers began to show a gradual decrease. This decrease, however marginal,
can be attributed to the following reasons:Withdrawal of services by the operators from some subscribers with longstanding unpaid dues.
Negative image about PHS service quality in the market:
When the service started, desired service quality could not be
achieved due to a lack of methodology about area construction.
This brought on a negative image about PHS service quality, which
stayed in the market causing subscribers to shun the service.
Shift of some subscribers to cellular services for high mobility
requirements:
When the service started, the seamless handover technology had notbeen introduced yet.
Fall in the monthly service charges and call charges of cellular services:
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Compared to the present, the cost for PHS equipment, such as PHS
cell stations, was high especially when the service started. In Japan,
PHS operators rent backbone from fixed network operators. The
backbone’s rental fees (access charges) are a main cause thatprevented a cut in the PHS service charges.
It should be noted that PHS was introduced as a 'moderate mobility' counterpart tocellular services with additional advantages of low cost and better data transmission
capabilities. Now the PHS is all set to realize its full potential in terms of highcapability for data handling, utilization of micro cell structure (location
identification service, etc.), telemetering, and the like. Max.128kbps packet data
communications service has been provided since March 2003, and the maximum
speed has reached 512kbps by April, 2007. A monthly flat rate that allows users
to make an unlimited number of calls, assisted by a spread of notebook PCs, rapidly
expanded the PHS market, resulting in a capture of new market, data
communications users.
Beyond data service, voice service has been subject to flat-rate service since 2004.

China

PHS is called “Xiaolingtong” in China (this term generally refers to local wirelesstelephone as well as PHS). It is said that public PHS services was introduced to
the PSTN services first in 1998 in Yuhang, Zhejiang Province. Fixed carriers(network operators) applied the PHS technology to the last half mile as replacement
for conventional wireline. The public PHS service saw an increasing subscriberbase ever since its start, mainly covering local. By October 2006 the PHS service
had as many as 93 millions subscribers in about 600 cities in the whole of China.
The PHS service has also developed to big cities like Beijing and Shanghai
including urban areas. As PHS was introduced as an 'extension' counterpart toordinary telephone services with advantages of low cost, PHS subscription and callcharges are the same as for ordinary telephone services and, therefore, are lower
than cellular service charges. As the PHS service charges only a calling user
(cellular service charges both a calling user and a called user) and also as PHS
handsets are lower-priced, the PHS service won tremendous popularity on themarket and saw a rapid increase in its subscriber base. The fixed network

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operators seek to enrich a value-added service like Short Message Services (SMS).
SMS interconnection between Cellular and PHS is imminent to be realized.

Photo 1.3-1

PHS in China

Taiwan

PHS services began in May 2001 in Taiwan, covering the Taipei area. The service
area then expanded to Hsinchu and Taoyuan, and covered almost all major cities in
Taiwan by April, 2007. The public PHS service saw a steady increase in its
subscriber base ever since its start, and has more than 1,300,000 subscribers.
Despite the over 100 % penetration of GSM, the number of PHS subscribers wasover 500,000 in one and a half years and is increasing still now. The reason for suchincrease is attributed to that PHS service supports not only high-quality voicecommunication but also high-speed data communication including enriched
contents. Another reason is that the up-to-date subscriber terminals brought on animage of high-level technologies mainly among young people.
Data
communications service is gaining an increasing number of business class users.
International roaming is already realized between Japan.

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ThailandGiven with a name “Personal Communications Telephones (PCT)”, PHS service
began in 1999 in Bangkok, the capital of Thailand. The number of PHS
subscribers developed to approximately 300,000 by April 2007. Following
Taiwan, Thailand realized international roaming between Japan in 2003. Data
communications services are gathering attention as the next commercial target.
WLL/FWA systems are also being deployed, and their service has already been
provided in part. In November 2007, the joint program to study XGP was initiatedwith the PHS operator in Japan.

Photo 1.3-2

PHS in Thailand

Vietnam

In Vietnam, PHS network has been deployed to cover Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City
since 2003, given the name of “CityPhone.” The number of PHS subscribers isapproximately 150,000 by April 2007.

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Photo 1.3-3

PHS in Vietnam

Other countries and regions

In 1996 Singapore, PHS system was deployed as the first commercial service thatwas developed outside Japan. It was employed by the Singapore International
Convention and Exhibition Center as a private system, and was utilized as a rental
personal station for the attendants.
In India, trial service of PHS has already been launched. Uniform telecom license
has been introduced, and adoption of PHS by fixed carriers is expected. Also
foundation of Indian Chapter of the PHS MoU Group is forwarded. In Central
American Haiti, the PHS service started since 2002, the current PHS subscribers
reaching approximately 40,000. As power supply is not sufficient in Haiti, PHSsystem is considered cost effective thanks to its low power consumption.
Moreover, PHS service in Chile didn’t begin till 2006, although the amount of its
subscribers has exceeded 50,000. In addition, Brazil is in preparation tocommercialize PHS service.
PHS-WLL/FWA systems and PHS private systems are also being deployed inmany countries such as Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore,
Australia, Ethiopia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Tanzania, Argentina, Uruguay
and Colombia.
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Chapter 2
PHS System Features & Technical Basics
This chapter presents PHS system features and technical basics that help to realize areliable service quality.

2.1 PHS System Features
2.1.1 Wide Applications with Terminal Mobility
PHS can be implemented for both private and public use. Terminal mobility, an
important concept in PHS, enables the realization of a true personal communication
both in private and public domains. This application allows the Personal Station (PS) asmooth transition between public and private PHS services. Terminal mobility can beaccomplished by selecting the appropriate mode on the PS.

Figure 2.1-1 shows

various PHS applications with various modes.
Public Operation Mode

This mode enables the PS to access public PHS service areas.
Private Operation Mode

This mode enables the PS to access such private systems as the wireless Private
Automatic Branch eXchange (PABX) or the home digital cordless system. The
same PS can be used at home and in the office by selecting a relevant private mode
within the pre-registered private systems.
Automatic Selection ModeIn this mode, the PS automatically switches between the above two modes. For
example, the PS changes its operation mode so that it is in the public mode within apublic service area, and private mode within a private service area. When the PS is
within the range of both services, it will operate on the predetermined mode.
Automatic Dual Mode

This is an optional mode. The PS in this mode can be paged from both the public
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system and the private system when it is within the range of both.
Transceiver Mode (Walkie-Talkie)

In this mode, the PSs can communicate directly with each other without theintervention of Cell Stations (CSs).
Public service area

Mode (1)Mode (3)Mode (4)Mode (4)Mode (2)Mode (2)Private service area (home)

Private service area (office)Mode (1) : Public operation mode
Mode (2) : Private operation mode
Mode (3) : Automatic selection mode
Mode (4) : Automatic dual mode
Mode (5) : Transceiver mode (Walkie-Talkie)

Figure 2.1-1

Mode (5)Applications with PHS Terminal Mobility

2.1.2 Utilization of the Existing Network
In order to achieve the aforementioned service concepts in an economical manner, it isessential to utilize the existing network. Unlike the cellular networks that haveestablished their respective independent networks, the PHS utilizes a network already inplace. This approach makes a wide range of services within a digital network available
to the PHS user.
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2.1.3 Typical PHS System Configurations
Figure 2.1-2 shows a typical PHS-WLL/FWA (Wireless Local Loop/Fixed WirelessAccess) system configuration which provides access to an existing Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN). Figure 2.1-3 shows an example of public PHS networkwith necessary equipment to realize full (wide area) mobility. Note that public PHS canbe introduced more economically if the existing network has Integrated Services Digital
Network (ISDN) and Intelligent Network (IN) facilities that can be utilized for PHS
service.
WAC

WSU
WCS
WPS

To/From LE
WCS
Access Layer

LE : Local Exchange
WAC : WLL/FWA Access Controller
WCS : WLL/FWA Cell Station
WPS : WLL/FWA Personal Station
WSU : WLL/FWA Subscriber Unit

Figure 2.1-2

BS : Billing System
CS : Cell Station
CDRS : Call Details Recording System
HLR : Home Location Register
LE : Local Exchange
OMS : O & M System
PS : Personal Station
PSC : PHS Switching Center
R - ISDN : Remote ISDN
SDM : Subscriber Data Management

PHS-WLL /FWA System Configuration

HLR

SDM
BS

LAN

Intelligent Layer

OMS
CDRS

PS
CS

PSC

CS
CS
Access Layer

Figure 2.1-3

To/From LE
Remote ISDNR-ISDN

Transport Layer

Public PHS System Configuration

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2.1.4 Easy Installation of the CSs
All Radio Frequency (RF) channels in the cellular frequency band are divided into
several groups called RF channel sets. One set is assigned to each base station to be
used for the traffic channel. When planning for such assignments, consideration must be
made not to assign the same RF channel set to adjacent base stations; a consideration
without which the activity within one cell will experience interference from the adjacentbase station. PHS, on the other hand, does not require such time consuming efforts
because the CS can use all RF channels in the PHS band as the traffic channel, with the
exception of the channels that are pre-assigned as Control Channels (CCHs) .
The CS automatically picks up one RF channel that appears to have less interference
problem from among the available channels, and assigns it as the traffic channel. This
capability is made possible by the Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) technology
and the concept of micro cells. The micro cell technology allows easy addition andremoval of CSs based on factors such as traffic demand and the presence of otheroperators servicing the same area. These additions and removals can be accomplishedwithout having to plan and re-plan for frequency reuse. This is one of the majoradvantages of PHS.
A CS consists of CS equipment and antennas. These two parts together can create a
micro cell service area with a radius of several hundred meters. The system
configuration can accommodate many subscribers because of the large capacity madepossible through the efficient use of frequencies between the micro cells.
The combination of CS equipment and antennas can be chosen from a variety of models
available from various manufacturers.
The PHS CSs are classified as follows.
Indoor type/Outdoor typeLow power type (20mW or less)/High power type ( 500mW or less)Group controlled type; multiple CSs (2 to 4) are controlled by one
control channelHigh capacity type (e.g. 8 channels including the control channel)

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This flexibility will enable many different installation schemes to be accommodated. As
a result, the CSs can be installed economically in a wide variety of locations. For
example, outdoor type CSs can be installed on public telephone booths, utility poles andon rooftops. Digital lines from the PSTN are connected to the CS equipment. The CS
operates on a commercial power supply, however, an optional centralized power system
can supply DC power from the switching office to the CS. Battery back-up option isavailable.
Photo 2.1-1 shows examples of CS installation.

Photo 2.1-1 Examples of CS Installation

Public PHS service areas are primarily outdoors but service areas also include publicindoor spaces, such as inside underground shopping malls and department stores. Indoor
type CS has two rod antennas that are approximately 20 cm in length. A flat antenna
resembling a smoke detector is also available for inconspicuous installation on ceilings.
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PHS

Indoor service areas per CS are much smaller than their outdoor counterparts, because it
is more difficult for radio waves to propagate through enclosed spaces. This makes it
necessary to have higher CS equipment density, which includes a CS installation on
every floor.
Compact indoor type CSs and a line concentration controller can be used toeconomically configure these indoor service areas. Indoor type CSs are more compact
as well as economical than outdoor type CSs because the indoor type CSs do not require
many of the following features that are requisites for an outdoor type CS.

Waterproof caseSunshadeHigh output power (10mW is sufficient for indoor use)
Local power feeding (implies easy installation of indoor type CS)
ADPCM CODEC (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation COder
DECoder)

Figure 2.1-4 shows an installation example of an indoor type public CS.
The group-controlled type CSs and the high capacity type CSs are installed dependingon the traffic level of a given service area. When the traffic level in one cell is increased,
an additional CS may be installed near the existing CS without having to replace anexisting CS with a high capacity type CS. A maximum of 3 additional CSs can beconnected to the existing CS.

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Indoor type public CS

Second Floor

PS

First Floor

Ground Floor

LCC

Figure 2.1-4

To/From PSC
LCC: Line Concentration Controller
PSC: PHS Switching Center

An Installation Example of Indoor Type Public CS

2.1.5 PHS Basic Services
The following are examples of commonly used or standardized basic service
applications.
Complete two-way communication
32/64kbps data transmission capability
32kbps ADPCM voice coding
The basic services available in public PHS are illustrated in Figure 2.1-5.

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PHS Network
Where?

PagingPHS Operator A
CS

Handover(Talking)

PSC

Location
Registration
HLR

Authentication
PHS Operator B

RoamingPS
CS : Cell Station
HLR : Home Location Register
PS : Personal Station
PSC : PHS Switching Center

Figure 2.1-5

Basic Services of Public PHS

HandoverHandover is essential to PHS service. It ensures uninterrupted communication whena PS moves from one cell to another. This function is indispensable especially if the
PS user is mobile because the cell radius of the CS is less than several hundred
meters (generally 500m) and the user is likely to move to the coverage area of otherCSs frequently. Handover is initiated from either the CS or the PS that detects
deterioration of the radio signal.
RoamingRoaming service permits PHS users to utilize the services when they roam among
the visited PHS networks operated by different operators. The PHS roaming service
will be applied to domestic public networks, international public networks, andprivate networks.
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Authentication

Authentication confirms permission to use the system every time a location
registration, call origination, call termination or handover is performed.
Location Registration

The CSs in a service area are divided into location dependent groups with eachgroup defining a location registration area to facilitate mobility management. The
location registration service, as the name suggests, registers the present location of
the PS within a service area. When the PS moves from one location registration
area to another, it sends a request for updating its location database. The location
registration service helps in updating the location database.
Paging

Paging allows a PS to realize two-way communication. The paging signals aretransmitted not only from the CS nearest to the PS but also from all CSs thatbelong to the same location registration area.

2.1.6 PHS Supplementary Services
The supplementary services in public PHS are intended to provide profitablecapabilities in addition to the basic services. The service specifications for such services
are available from the PHS MoU Group.
Calling User Identification Presentation (CUIP)

Provides the calling user's number to the called user.
Calling User Identification Restriction (CUIR)

Restricts the presentation of the calling user's number and sub-address to the calleduser.
Call Forwarding

Redirects incoming calls to another terminal. This service comprises of thefollowing services:
Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU)
Call Forwarding on PS Busy (CFB)
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Call Forwarding on No Reply (CFNRy)
Call Forwarding on PS Not Reachable (CFNRc)
Call Barring

Bars outgoing/incoming calls. The following options are available:
Barring of All Outgoing Calls (BAOC)
Barring of Outgoing International Calls (BOIC)
Barring of Outgoing International Calls except call to Home Country(BOIC-exHC)
Barring of All Incoming Calls (BAIC)
Barring of Incoming Calls on roaming outside home country(BIC-roam)Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) Transmission

Commands a PS to send DTMF signal to a CS through the control channel.
Sub-address

Delivers sub-addresses to the called user in order to select one specific terminal, orfor activating a specific process in the called user’s terminal.
User Scrambling

Scrambles the content of communication between the PS and the network.
PHS User-to-User Signaling (PHS UUS)

Allows a PHS user to send/receive limited amount of short visual messages(similar to the short messages that appear on pager screens) to/from another PHS
user over the traffic channel.

2.2 Technical Basics
2.2.1 Open Systems
The air interface between the PS and the CS is standardized in the RCR STD-28 by the
ARIB.

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PHS

The PHS MoU Group standardized the specifications for worldwide deployment taking
into consideration system elements that are different for each country. A few examples
are listed below.
The interface between the CS and the digital network
Inter-network interface
PHS service control procedure
The PHS MoU Group’s technical standards are open to everyone interested in thetechnology.

2.2.2 PHS Radio Technologies
Structure of PHS TDMA/TDD

A standard CS supports 4 channels. However, CSs such as the high capacity type
and the group-controlled type have more than 4 channels/CS. This section explains
the structure of PHS Time Division Multiple Access / Time Division Duplex(TDMA/TDD) based on the standard CS. The TDMA/TDD frame is characterized
as follows:
One TDMA/TDD frame is 5ms, with 2.5ms for uplink and downlink
There are eight time slots/frame which constitute 4 channels with eachchannel having two time slots - one for uplink and one for downlink
One of the 4 channels is a control channel. The RF carrier of the control
channel is different from that of the traffic channels. Each operator is
assigned a fixed RF carrier for the control channel
The traffic channels can have either the same or different RF carriers. They
are distinguished by the time slots
Figure 2.2-1 shows a typical PHS TDMA/TDD structure.

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PHS

Time slot8
Time slot7
Time slot6

CH4Time slot5

CH3
Uplink CH2(CCH) CH1
TDMA/TDD
Frame

Time slot4
Time slot3
Time slot2

CH4
CH3
Downlink
CH2

Time slot1(CCH) CH1
Control
Carrier

Carrier
No.1

Carrier
No.2

Carrier
No.3

CH4

CH3
PS1

PS2

CS
・ Shaded sections show the carrier in use
・ Control channel(CCH) is not limited to CH1 only

Figure 2.2-1

Typical PHS TDMA/TDD Structure

As can be seen from Figure 2.2-1, the channels are defined by time slots and are notlimited to the same RF carrier. However, the RF carrier can be the same for different
channels of the same CS.
This concept can be further clarified by referring to Figure 2.2-2 in which threesimultaneous calls are assumed for a CS. It can be seen that two PSs are using thesame RF carrier (RF-A) and the other one is using a different RF carrier (RF-B).
This further emphasizes that the RF carrier can be the same for the different PSs
during simultaneous calls on the same CS, but that time slot assignments cannot be
the same.

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PHS

RF-A

RF-A

PS1

PS2

CS

RF-B Channel

PS3
Figure 2.2-2

・ Same RF carrier can be assigned
・ Same Channel (Time slots) can-not be assigned

Multiple Calls per CS

Audio CODEC

The audio signal is trans-coded into 32kbps ADPCM based on the ITU-T
Recommendation G.726.
The ADPCM compresses speech data without degrading speech quality. No
significant performance degradation is expected for voice-band data transmission
made through MODEMs.
PHS scrambling

PHS has a standardized scrambling function as shown in Figure 2.2-3. The user
scrambling function is applied to the Traffic Channel (TCH) in the communication
phase. This function prevents telephone conversations from being tapped by a third
party. The CS-ID (Cell Station Identification) scramble function is applied to boththe control channels and the traffic channels.
Frequency allocation

As Figure 2.2-4 illustrates, the PHS frequency band is not separately allocated foreach PHS operator, but is shared dynamically by all the PHS operators by means of
DCA technology.

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PHS

User Scramble

Encryption key

TCH data
Register initial value"xxxx"

PN output

Scrambling

CRC calculation
CI: Channel Identifier
CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check
PR: Preamble
SA: Slow Associated Control
Channel (SACCH)UW: Unique WordPR

CI

"CS-ID"UW

Figure 2.2-3

SA

CI

CRC

Scrambling

SA

Scramble Function for PHS

・ No separate spectrum allocation among operatorseven in the same service area

・ No separate spectrum allocation among CSs
Operator-A

Operator B's CS
Operator-B

Figure 2.2-4

Same Frequency Band Allocated to all CS

Table 2.2-1 is a frequency plan for PHS service in Japan. There are 117 RF carriers
in total. The control carriers for private use are assigned to 1898.450 MHz and1900.250 MHz in Japan, and 1903.850 MHz and 1905.650 MHz for other countries
and regions. In Japan, seven control carriers are reserved for public use. Three(Control-ch1, 2, 3) of the seven are assigned to each of the three PHS operators andone is set aside as a spare channel (Spare C-ch). The other three control channels(Control-ch4, 5, 6) and guard channels from 1906.250MHz to 1908.050MHz are
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available for traffic channels (TCH) until May 31, 2009.
Currently the spectrum for public use is 22.5MHz, and that for private use is
12.5MHz. The private use spectrum can also be used for public use. The
TDMA/TDD technology eliminates the necessity of paired carriers (transmitting
and receiving) that are usually required in order to accomplish two-way
communication. TDMA/TDD is flexible because both the lower and upper ends ofthe spectrum can easily be expanded to accommodate needs.
Use of Control Channel

In PHS system, RF carrier for the control channel should be predetermined andselected from among the available RF carriers. Different RF carriers are assigned toeach public operator for its control channel. Operators can therefore provide service
in the same area.
Security

A high quality/high security system can be realized because of the digitization andscrambling technologies. All originating and terminating calls are processed with
an authentication sequence to prevent the unauthorized utilization of PSs. The
authentication key corresponds to the PS number pre-registered to the PHS
network.
Frequency Reuse

DCA is an autonomous control technology of radio channel distribution, whichenables PHS operators to use frequencies efficiently and flexibly. This relieves theoperators from the duties of troublesome and time consuming frequency reuseplanning.

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Table 2.2-1 Frequency Plan for PHS Service in Japan
Carrier
Carrier
Type of use
numberFrequency (MHz)221
1884.650
222
950
223
1885.250
224
550
225
850
226
1886.150
227
450
228
750
229
1887.050
230
350
231
650
232
950
233
1888.250
234
550
235
850
Public Use
236
1889.150
237
450
238
750
239
1890.050
240
350
241
650
242
950
243
1891.250
244
550
245
850
246
1892.150
247
450
248
750
249
1893.050
250
350
251
650
252
950
253
1894.250
254
550
255
850
1
1895.150
Private Use*1
2
450
3
750
Direct4
1896.050
Communication
5350
between PSs(Private Use)
6
650
7
950
8
1897.250
9
550
10
850
11
1898.15012450Control Ch (Private Use)
13
750
14
1899.050
Private Use*1
15
350
16
650
17
990
18
1900.250
Control Ch (Private Use)
19
550
20
850
21
1901.150
22450
Private Use*1
23
750
24
1902.050*1 This frequency bandwidth can be used for public use.
*2 Available for public TCH until May 31, 2009.

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Carriernumber
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82

CarrierFrequency (MHz)
350
650
950
1903.250
550
850
1904.150
450
750
1905.050
350
650
950
1906.250
550
1906.850
1907.150450
750
1908.050
350
650
950
1909.250
550
850
1910.150450
750
1911.050
350
650
950
1912.250
550
850
1913.150450
750
1914.050
350
650
950
1915.250
550
850
1916.150450
750
1917.050
350
650
950
1918.250
550
850
1919.150450Type of use

Private Use*1

Guard-chControl-ch4 (Public Use)
Guard-ch*2
Control-ch5 (Public Use)
Guard-chControl-ch6 (Public Use)
Guard-chPublic Use

Guard-chSpare C-ch (Public Use)
Guard-chControl-ch1 (Public Use)
Guard-chControl-ch2 (Public Use)
Guard-chControl-ch3 (Public Use)
Guard-chPublic Use

PHS

2.2.3 PHS Network Technologies
Public PHS

The network interface between a CS and the public PHS Switching Center (PSC)
conforms to ISDN interface that is modified to carry out PHS-specific functions
such as location registration, authentication, and handover. Besides, with the trendof high-speed data communication by the introduction of advanced PHS,
movements are made to transfer to ISDN interface into optical fiber.
IP transit exchange

By installing an IP switch to be connected to IP network in between PHS basestations and ISDN network, it becomes possible to transfer voice and data
messages on IP network. In addition, using IP switch allows the provision ofvarious value-added services.
Besides, by installing gateway device between an IP network and a network
provided by other operators, cross network telecom service can be realized.
WLL/FWA

The interface between a WLL/FWA Access Controller (WAC) and a Local
Exchange (LE) can be either an analog or digital interface such as analog two-wireinterface, digital V5-interface, etc. In WLL/FWA systems, the PHS-specificfunctions such as location registration, handover (for WLL/FWA Personal Station(WPS)), and authentication are managed by the WAC.

2.3 PHS Multimedia Features
2.3.1 PHS Bearer Digital Data Transmission Services
In PHS, radio signals are transmitted at 32kbps per channel. For this reason, high-speed
data applications that can directly transmit digital bearer data can be implemented inaddition to analog data communication that utilizes a voice band MODEM. The
32kbps data communications can be connected to the existing ISDN by performing
speed conversions according to methods specified in International Telecommunication
Union-Telecommunication standardization sector (ITU-T) Recommendation I.460. Theinternational standard for data speed conversion is documented in the I.460. The
following two types of connections can be conceived.
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Direct communication with a V.110 terminal connected to the Integrated
Services Digital Network (ISDN) line. V.110 is the ISDN standard data
terminal (V.110 supports digital bearer data of up to 19.2kbps)
32kbps communication between PHS terminals or with terminal
adapters for PHS Internet Access Forum Standard (PIAFS) (TAP:
Terminal Adapter for PIAFS)
The aforementioned 32kbps data communication offers high compatibility with ISDN
digital data communications. This capability facilitates the extension of ISDN data
communication features into the mobile communication environment. Association ofRadio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) standardized the PHS air interface supports
64kbps bearer capability. Such advances in communication technology contribute to themigration towards the era of mobile multimedia.

2.3.2 32kbps/64kbps Digital Data Transmission Services with PIAFS
PHS Internet Access Forum (PIAF) was organized in July 1995 in order to promote
PHS multimedia communication.

The promotional works were inherited from PIAF to

Mobile Internet Access Forum (MITF) and then to ARIB.

Specifications that havebeen standardized by PIAF are called PIAFS (PIAF Standard).
PIAFS V1.0 is a data transmission procedure that supports 32kbps unrestricted PHS
digital bearer.

In November 1997, ARIB standardized RCR STD-28 V3.0, specifying

a data transmission procedure that supports 64kbps digital bearer.

Accordingly,

PIAFS was enhanced to support 64kbps unrestricted PHS digital bearer (PIAFS V2.0).
The current formal specification number is ARIB STD-T76(http://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/img/Specifications.pdf).
shows the conceptual scheme of PIAFS.
China, Taiwan and Thailand.

Figure 2.3-1

PIAFS is already in commercial use in Japan,

Many Internet and PC communication users enjoy

accessing the network through the PIAFS services.
PIAFS Specifications

Maximum effective throughput: 29.2kbps(use of one channel)
58.4kbps(use of two channels)
High quality data transmission control procedure by using
32kbps/64kbps unrestricted PHS digital bearer
In-band negotiation procedure
Negotiation procedure provided to prepare for future image transmission
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PHS

and other new transmission methods
Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) transmission control procedure
Error control procedure implemented at layer 2
ISDN

PIAFS

End to end transmission
PIAFS
Cell Station (CS)PS

Item
Standardized

End to End
Transmission
Control ProcedureStandards
name

PIAFS

Control phase――――

Communication
phase

◎

○

○

○

(Layer 2)(Layer 1)(Speed trans function)(Speed trans function)PHS
Air Interface

PHS – ISDNInterfaceISDN

RCR STD-28

Q931 based
I460

Q931
I460

◎

◎

◎

◎ : PIAFS parameters setup is required○ : PIAFS parameters setup is not required

Figure 2.3-1

Conceptual Scheme of PIAFS

Features of PIAFS

Maximum effective throughput: 29.2kbps （PIAFS V1.0）
58.4kbps (PIAFS V2.0 and above)
ARQ frame synchronization control method
Simple retransmission control (based on ARQ) for high throughput
Round-trip-delay time measurement
Optimum retransmission control under various delays inherent to
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PHS

domestic/international/satellite communications, etc.
Can select a flexible, high-level protocol
Data disassembling and assembling
Full-duplex transmission

2.3.3 MITF Dial-up Dormant Protocol (ARIB STD T-78)
MITF Dial-up Dormant Protocol Specifications provide an interrupt function which,when data transmission has not been done for a predetermined time interval while thecommunications line is connected or when desired wave environment is not available,
shifts wireless communications line to dormant state without disconnecting the dial-up
connection.

MITF, which has standardized the PIAFS, conceives the specificationsfor MITF Dial-up Dormant Protocol (ARIB STD-T78:
http://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/img/arib_std-t78_e.pdf ) as an efficient
PHS data transmission procedure based on PIAFS.

Higher Layer (PPP)
Lower Layer (Air I/F)
Dormant

Resume
PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol

Figure 2.3-2 MITF Dial Up Dormant Protocol(1)Circuit switching
Data A

Data A

Data A

Data A

unused period

Connect

Disconnect

MITF Dial Up Dormant Protocol (ARIB STD-T78)
Data A

Data A

Figure 2.3-3

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Data B

Data B

Data A

Data A

MITF Dial Up Dormant Protocol(2) Data X : data from PS X

PHS

Use of the Dormant Protocol can increase the radio frequency efficiency.

Figure2.3-2 shows the example of situation that the Dormant Protocol is useful. Figure 2.3-3
shows the difference between circuit switching and the Dormant Protocol.

2.3.4 Packet Data Transmission Service
Packet data transmission service that makes a maximum of 128kbps data
communications available has already been launched in Japan as a new PHS data
communications

service.

(Packetcommunications

simultaneously, providing high transmission speed.

uses

multiplechannels

128kbps data transmission service

is realized by using four channels simultaneously, with 32kbps data transmission
occupying each channel.)
In PHS packet data transmission, data is routed and transferred by means of addressed
packets (disassembled data blocks) so that a channel is occupied only during thetransmission of a packet.

In other words, thanks to RF channel multiplexing, the PHS

packet data transmission service can open its wireless/network lines to other users whendata packet is not being routed or transferred, so that other packet users can use thoseresources.
A standard PHS base station supports 4 channels that can be used as traffic channels(for transmitting data), with the exception of one channel that is pre-assigned as control
channel.

The packet data transmission service uses the control channel as traffic

channel when the control channel’s time slots are not occupied, increasing the radio
frequency efficiency.

The Figure 2.3-4 and Figure 2.3-5 show the data transmission

image by circuit switching and packet switching.

Circuit switching

Figure 2.3-4

Packet switching

Packet Data Transmission Outline(1)

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Circuit switching
Data A

Data A

Data A

Data A

Connect

Disconnect

Circuit switching
Data A

Data A

Figure 2.3-5

B

C

B

C

Data AB

Data A

Packet Data Transmission Outline(2)2.3.5 Advanced PHS Technologies
Advanced PHS is one of the key areas in which PHS systems could enhance theircapabilities. In June 2001, a report on the Advanced PHS was submitted by the Ministryof Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications (MPHPT), Japan.
In March 2002, the technological regulations were standardized and included in
RCR-STD-28 V4.0 by ARIB.
The aforementioned report provides the following:
Addition of modulation methods (such as BPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, etc.)
Addition of 900kHz carrier spacing
Addition of high-speed data transmission capability (support for datatransmission at 1 Mbps/channel by combining 4 slots)
Introduction of technologies designed to minimize interference fromInternational Mobile Telecommunication-2000 (IMT-2000) frequency band
Introduction of Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)
Thanks to these enhancements, a maximum of approximately 1Mbps high-speed datatransmission becomes available by either deploying an enhanced PHS network or
utilizing the existing PHS network. These enhancements also enable coexistence of
IMT-2000 and PHS that uses a frequency band which is a part of or adjacent to the
IMT-2000 frequency band.
Table2.3-1 shows outline of technological requirements for advanced PHS incomparison with existing PHS and Figure 2.3-6 shows the image of Advanced PHS
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with adaptability under various conditions.
Table 2.3-1 Outline of technological requirements for the Advanced PHS
Advanced PHS

Existing PHS

Modulation

BPSK, /4DQPSK, 8PSK, 12QAM,
16QAM, 24QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM(Adaptive modulation)/4DQPSK

Carrier spacing

300kHz, 900kHz

300kHz

Improvement of roll-off ratio

0.38(at 900kHz), 0.5(at 300KHz)
Slot constitution efficiency has
been increased.
Dormant function

0.5

Slot constitution
Packet data communication-

Error correction signal

Error correction signal has been
introduced.

-

Communications between home
digital cordless telephones

Restriction on communications
time has been removed.
Number of slots: 4

Communications time: 180 sec
Number of slots: 2

Spatial multiplexing

SDMA has been introduced.

-

Behind a building
Data

Voice

16kbps32kbpsHigh-speed
Data

Data

32/64kbps

128kbps

Data~1MbpsFigure 2.3-6 Image of Advanced PHS

W-OAM : WILLCOM Optimized Adaptive Modulation

A Japanese PHS operator started Advanced PHS with W-OAM service in Feb. 2006.
The system brought about drastic improvement of area performance as it enabled
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autonomous tuning function according to radio wave conditions, realized up to 800kbps
throughput while 64QAM adopted in suitable environment, and allowed replacement to
BPSK in rural area and closed environment when radio wave was unstable.

Speed Up

Spread wave

1×

4×

8×

BPSK

16kbps64kbps

128kbps

QPSK

32kbps

128kbps

256kbps

204kbps

408kbps

64QAM
32QAM
16QAM
8PSK

8PSK

51kbps

16QAM

64kbps250kbps

500kbps

QPSK

32QAM

80kbps

320kbps

640kbps

64QAM

100kbps

400kbps800kbpsBPSK

Theoretical speed

Figure 2.3-7 Image of W-OAM

2.3.6 Various PHS Data Terminals
PHS has excellent capability for data communications as well as for voicecommunication, and based on this capability, various types of terminals have beendeveloped.
Data-oriented Type

Data-oriented type is a data terminal with a built-in PHS module. These versions
have a PC Card, a CF (Compact Flash) card, a USB and a SD (Secure Digital) card
types.

Some terminals of this type are used for voice communication via anearphone and a microphone.

PC Card type

Photo 2.3-1

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Photo 2.3-1 shows the examples of this type.

CF Card typeSD typeUSB type

Data-oriented Type PHS Terminals for Data Service Capability

PHS

Integrated (all-in one) TypeIn this terminal type, the telephone functions and a data terminal are physicallymerged together. The terminal must be compact and lightweight because a mobile
phone is surely expected to be portable. Therefore, it may not be possible toincorporate all the desirable functions into this type of data terminal. However, mailexchanges and other simple applications should be fully executable. Many different
models have been introduced into the market and also are expected to appear in the
future.
Photo 2.3-2 shows examples of this terminal type.

(a)Smart Phone type

Photo 2.3-2(b)Browser type

Integrated Type PHS Terminals for Data Service Capability

Combined Type

This terminal type is a conventional PS that is connected to a data terminal througha PIAFS adapter via a cable or some other type of link. Conceivable connection
methods include the USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface and the PC Cardinterface.

USB I/F type

Photo 2.3-3

PC card I/F typeCombined Type PHS Terminals for Data Service Capability

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PHS

W-SIM (WILLCOM Subscriber Identity Module ) Jacket Type

This type realized data communication by adopting W-SIM concept in a jacket that
corresponds to all existing interfaces. When new interface generates the need to
upgrade handset, only the jacket is to be developed and changed, which helps tosave both time and cost on terminal development. Photo2.3-4 shows an example of
how W-SIM works with a (About details of W-SIM, refer to 4.2.3.)

Express slot typeW-SIM

USB slot type

Photo 2.3-4 W-SIM Enabling Full Correspondence to All Interfaces

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Chapter 3
XGP Features
This chapter presents the overview of XGP.

3.1 Trend of Mobile BWA
3.1.1 Trend of Mobile BWA of ITU-R
In ITU-R, mobile BWA related business is covered by Working Party 8A(here in after as
WP8A), which is in charge of Land Mobile Service Excluding IMT-2000 and Amateurand Amateur-satellite Service.WP8A compiled Recommendation ITU-R M.1801, known
as Radio Interface Standards for Broadband Wireless Access Systems, Including Mobile
and Nomadic Applications, in the Mobile Service Operating below 6 GHz, andrecommended the use of several mobile BWA systems. The recommended systems canbe categorized in 5 types, each of which is proposed and supported by otherrecommendations or organizations.
(1) Radio-LAN (Recommendation ITU R M.1450 : IEEE 802.11, ETSI BRAN
HIPERLAN, ARIB HiSWANa)(2) IMT-2000(Recommendation ITU R M.1457 : CDMA Direct Spread, CDMA
Multi-Carrier, CDMA TDD, TDMA Single-Carrier, FDMA/TDMA)(3) Harmonized IEEE and ETSI radio interface standards (IEEE 802.16, ETSIHiperMAN)(4) ATIS WTSC radio interface standards (T1.723-2002, ATIS-0700001.2004,
ATIS-0700004.2005, T1.716/7-2000(R2004))(5) Next-generation PHS (A-GN4.00-01-TS)
The recommendation, which is the most important advising document of mobile BWA by
now, is finally approved in March and promulgated in June 2007. Of the five types listed
above, (1)and(2) have been published and are referred in ITU-R recommendations as therecommended Radio-LAN and IMT-2000 technologies. Those that are considered as
principal mobile BWA technologies are the remaining (3),(4)and(5). “(5)Next-generation PHS” is regarded as XGP.
In addition, WP8A compiled mobile BWA relevant document Report ITU-R M.2116,
known as Characteristics of Broadband Wireless Access Systems Operating in the Land
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Mobile Service for Use in Sharing Studies and promulgated it in September 2007. In thisreport, the features of the above mentioned systems are described to find common points
among them.

3.1.2 XGP History
The movement concerning standardizing XGP is stated in Figure 3.1-1. PHS MoUGroup established NWG in March 2006 to carry out standardization activities. The XGP
Specification, Ver01 Rev02[A-GN4.00-01-TS] was approved on its 22nd general meetingin September 2007.

9/2006WILLCOM achieved 20 Mbps
by their experimental system

4/20063/2006
PHSMoU NWG
Established3/2007
ITU-R Recommendation“M.1801” published

7/2006

10/2006

8/2006
Ver01 Rev01 Specification
Approved

1/20077/2007
Ver01 Rev02 Specification
Approved as TR

4/20077/20079/2007
Ver01 Rev02 Specification
Approved by PHSMoU

Figure 3.1-1 XGP History

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12/2007
The 2.5GHz bandwidth was assigned
to XGP operator in Japan

10/2007

12/2007
Ver01 Rev03 Specification
Approved by PHSMoUPHS

Table3.1-1 Chronicle

March 2006

PHS MoU Group established NWG. The work to draft XGP
Specification was formally started.

August 2006

XGP specification Ver01 Rev01[A-GN4.00-01-TS] isapproved as TS on 20th general meeting held in Hanoi,
Vietnam.

September 2006

WILLCOM Inc. announced the realization of 20Mbps
transmission speed in XGP field test.

March 2007

XGP is formally admitted as a BWA system in ITU-R
Recommendation [M.1801].

July 2007

XGP specification Ver01 Rev02 was approved as TR on
NWG meeting held in Suzhou, China.

September 2007

XGP specification Ver01 Rev02 [A-GN4.00-01-TS] wasapproved as TS on 22nd general meeting held in Chengdu,
China. The standardizing process was completed.

December 2007

Ver01 Rev03 [A-GN4.00-01-TS] was approved atHanamaki NWG meeting.
The 2.5GHz bandwidth was assigned to XGP operator inJapan.

3.2 Features of XGP
3.2.1 OFDMA/TDMA/TDD
XGP adopts the plural multiple access method of OFDMA/TDMA and the duplex
method of TDD. Not only OFDMA/TDD, but SC-FDMA/TDD method can be used
for UL（Uplink）. The mixed use of OFDMA/TDD and SC-FDMA/TDD is possible for
UL. The structure of TDMA slot is symmetrical with 625 usec × 4 slots for UL and
625 usec × 4 slots for DL (Downlink). This same structure to the existing PHS systemforms the base for co-existence of the two systems possible.
The symmetrical structure makes TDMA slots compatible with AAS（Adaptive Array
System）and SDMA（Space Division Multiple Access）. XGP adopts AAS and SDMA
technologies to improve the efficiency of frequency usage.

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The following tables give some technical references of XGP.
Table 3.2-1 General parameter for XGP
Duplex method
Downlink access method
Uplink access method
TDMA slot period
TDMA frame period
Number of slots in one frame

TDD
OFDMA/TDMA
OFDMA, SC-FDMA/TDMA
625 us
5 ms
8 slots, 4 slots for transmission and 4
slots for reception symmetrically

Table3.2-2 Individual parameters for each system bandwidth
System bandwidth [MHz]

1.25

2.5

5

10

20

Effective channel
bandwidth [MHz]Guard bandwidth [MHz]

0.9

1.8

3.6

8.1

9

16.2

17.1

18

0.35

0.7

1.4

1.9

1

3.8

2.9

2

Number of subchannels

1

2

4

9

10

18

19

20

Total number of PRU

4

8

16

36

40

72

76

80

The TDMA/TDD method adopted in existing PHS system and the
FDMA/TDMA/TDD method adopted in XGP are described in the following figure. In
an existing PHS system, one communication channel is assigned to one time slot. In a
XGP system, the feature of OFDM is activated to enable to assignment of plural PRUs
(Physical Resource Unit: refer to below for explanation) to one time slot. The numberof PRUs increases or decreases according to the system bandwidth.

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PHS

Figure3.2-1 OFDMA/TDMA/TDD

3.2.2 Easy Terminal Development
In XGP, the minimum communication unit, which measures as（900 kHz on frequencyaxis）×（625 usec on time axis）, is defined as one PRU. As long as a terminal supports
the transmitting capacity of one PRU, it can be used in a XGP network. In another
word, no terminal in a XGP system is requested to hold transmission capacity that
corresponds to all system bandwidth. Besides, a terminal can select OFDMA from
SC-FDMA as its UL access method according to its functions. Comparing to OFDMA,
the process of the terminal becomes simplified when SC-FDMA is adopted as the UL
access method, and its development becomes easy.
For example, high-end terminals for high-speed data communication use OFDMA for
both UL and DL and wireless devices are furnished to correspond to all system
bandwidth. Low-end terminals that are used for voice communications only are
installed with only one PRU of transmission capacity. The development cost can begreatly cut if the terminals are designed to use SC-FDMA for UL. Because thesystem allows free choice of bandwidth according to transmission capacity and accessmethod for UL and DL according to terminal functions, wide range of terminals can be
developed according to different needs of different users.

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PHS

Figure3.2-2 PRU (Physical Resource Unit)

3.2.3 Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA)
The XGP adopts DCA method, which is able to avoid interference from other users on
assigning corresponding channels by executing Carrier Sense, which detects whether
or not a to-be-assigned PRU is occupied by other users. In another word, CS conducts
Carrier Sense activity on receiving demand for wireless link from PS. It assigns
available PRU, which is not occupied by other users, to a requested user according to
the result of Carrier Sense.

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PHS

By adopting DCA method, the central control equipment of wireless base stations
becomes unnecessary and autonomous distributed control is realized. Cell design is nolonger needed to install a new CS as sharing PRU sources with adjacent CSs becomes
possible.

Figure3.2-3 DCA (Dynamic Channel Assignment)

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PHS

3.2.4 Micro Cell
In a mobile system such as GSM and W-CDMA、macro cells with coverage of several
kilometer to several tens of kilometers in radius are adopted. But in XGP system, cellswith coverage of several hundred meters in radius are adopted. Advantages of microcells are described below.
1. Efficient on frequency usage per unit area improves and system capacity increases.
Hence, telecom services provided at reasonable charge such as flat-rate service
are enabled. Since one area is covered by plural base stations, traffic can bedirected to diversified path for process. Therefore, the per-unit throughput ismaximized. Comparing to a macro cell system which uses one cell to cover one
area, the reducing rate of throughput resulted from the increase of users in one
area is smaller than that of micro cell system.
2. Transmission power of terminal can be reduced, and minimized terminal size withmaximized battery life span can be realized. Likewise, base stations can be
downsized to fit in narrow spaces such as inside buildings or underground area.
3. Delicate deployment of cells according to traffic conditions, for example installing
more CSs in places with high traffic, becomes possible. Besides, even if some CSs
in one area are down due to sudden failures or other unexpected reasons, theiradjacent CSs can serve as complements immediately. In this sense, micro cellsystem is a stronger system to respond to changes of environment and conditions.

3.2.5 Overcoming Weak Points of Existing PHS
The existing PHS is regarded with poor mobility. The frequency of handover increases
during high-speed movement in a micro cell system. That is, communication quality
deteriorates because momentary disconnection increases.
To settle this problem, XGP allows macro cell to be mixed in its micro cell system. By
adopting macro cell in area where high-speed movement is requested, the frequency ofhandover reduces. As a result, communication quality improves because of the
reduction of momentary disconnection. In addition, with the work done to improvelatency, the time to conduct handover itself can be shortened.
In a wireless network with only micro cells, a big amount of CSs are needed to cover awide area. Hence, by installing macro cells in area with small number of uses, andinstalling micro cells in area with large number of users, the expansion of area
coverage of XGP can be carried out easier.
3.2.6 Co-existence with Current PHS
XGP system adopts symmetrical construction with each TDMA slot of 2.5ms for UL
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and DL respectively (5ms jointly). This is the same construction with the current PHS.
The following two methods are considered to co-exist XGP with current PHS in thesame bandwidth.
1) Establish a guard band in between the current PHS and XGP to enable thesimultaneous operation of the two systems.
2) Isolate the current PHS with XGP on TDMA slot base. For example, assign TS(Time Slot) 1 and TS 2 for the current PHS and assign TS 3 and TS 4 slots to
XGP only.

Method (1)Method (2)Figure3.2-4 Co-existence of Current PHS and XGP

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3.3 Applications of XGP
XGP provides brand new life style for everyone.

HealthFirst Aid
Home Medical Care

Business

Home

Thin Client
Remote Machine Control

Home Security
Kids Monitor
in Kindergarten
Home Video Server

Home
Drive Recorder
Big Capacity File Transmission
on Train/Automobile

Figure3.3-1 Example of XGP’s Applications

3.3.1 Applications in HealthFirst Aid

XGP grants stable telecom environment in amoving automobile.
Contact hospital for acceptance preparation inpossible while a handset data base is looking
for the most suitable medical institutions andavailable doctor resources according to apatient’s situation. Besides, when there is needfor first-aid treatment on ambulance,
professional doctors in hospital can always give
guide by watching video taken on spot and sent
via TV phone, and by receiving simultaneouslyof the patient’ data measured on spot.
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Figure3.3-2 First AidPHS

The good performance of XGP on velocity, capacity and mobility enables
simultaneous access of voice communication, data communication and animationtransmission in movement.
Home Medical Care

XGP can be connected with medical device athome as a meter reader, and a doctor in hospitalcan give diagnosis and treatment by reading a datasuch as blood pressure in distance and talking overTV phone with a patient. In addition, it is possible
for hospital to supervise a patients and collectnecessary information for medical treatment
during his/her sleep. When abnormal situation isobserved, image or animated guide can betransmitted to help with home treatment.

Figure3.3-3 Home Medical Care

3.3.2 Applications at Home
Home Security

When a security sensor installed in a homereacts, alarm on the XGP terminal of thenearest security guard as well as that of theofficer-in-charge at security center will buzz,
and the security camera will show thesituation immediately. Security staff canmake quick and correct response or to callpolice car on seeing the image information.
Figure3.3-4 Home Security
Kids Monitor in Kindergarten

Parents can see their kids at kindergarten via images oranimations sent to their XGP terminals. Drivers ofschool bus can tell from car navigator if an XGP
terminal holding kid is absent from the waiting point
before he/she arrives at next stop.
Figure3.3-5 Kids Monitor
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PHS

Home Video Server
XGP terminal can be connected to video camera
for home use. By taking advantage of thehigh-speed big-capacity telecommunication tool,
the need to write information down to a media
such as HDD or DVD before play it on homeserver is gone.
Of course, a video camera without a recording
media would become smaller in size and lighterby weight.

Figure3.3-6 Home Video Server

3.3.3 Applications as Mobile
Drive Recorder
When a drive recorder is attached to XGP terminal, the images of the car in movement
can be detected and supervised in distance.
When a police car is chasing a criminal suspect, images can be transmitted to monitor
center and instructions can be given remotely.
Big Capacity File Transmission on Train/Automobile
Even in high-speed movement, big-size file can be easily transmitted.

Figure3.3-7 Drive RecorderFigure3.3-8 File Transmission
on Train/Automobile

3.3.4 Applications in BusinessThin Client
Today when business information and security are carefully treated, the trend of using
mobile PC without hard disk is also expanding. Sending and receiving big-capacity file
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PHS

via XGP can be a good choice in this case. One caneasily access his/her own company’s data base duringbusiness negotiation, getting product speculations or
product images, requesting data for presentation, orchecking available stock to ask for or to take an order.
Remote Machine Control

Figure3.3-9 Thin Client

XGP can even be used to monitor water level of ariver.
Data reflected on measuring instrument is collected by
XGP device and sent back to monitoring center as
images. By doing this, supervision of warning waterlevel in distance is enable.

3.3.5 Other Applications
Figure3.3-10 Remote Control
Campus Network
XGP can provide seamless commutation environment without swap of communication
device and communication method on campus.
For mobile computing users in a campus network , wireless LAN is at most a support
within restricted areas such as classrooms. Data communication card will be needed
once PC is taken outdoor. XGP doesn’t reply on local Wireless LAN and it holds big
enough capacity to support constant access without need for swap. Finally, XGP is theone that is able to provide mobile centrex environment for campus network.

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Chapter 4
Public Digital Cordless Telephone Application
4.1 System Configuration and Interface
PHS is a new communication system that makes economical wireless service accessible‘anytime and anywhere’ for personal communication. A variety of applications were
accounted for in designing its technical standard: Public Digital Cordless Telephone,
Wireless Local Loop / Fixed Wireless Access (WLL/FWA), Wireless Private Automatic
Branch eXchange (PABX), Home Digital Cordless Telephone, and Transceiver. This
chapter describes PHS as the Public Digital Cordless Telephone.

4.1.1 System Configuration
Public PHS is designed to provide; (i) high quality two way communication, (ii) wirelessmultimedia communication, (iii) terminal mobility, and (iv) an alternative access method
to the existing telecommunication networks such as the Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN) / Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), and the Public Land
Mobile Network (PLMN).
The configuration of the basic public PHS network is shown in Figure 4.1-1. The basic
public PHS network consists of Personal Stations (PSs), public Cell Stations (CSs), a
PHS Switching Center (PSC), and a Service Control Point (SCP) that stores PHS
subscriber data and location information. However, the PSC and SCP facilities of an
existing network can also be utilized to realize the PHS services.
PHS Network
SCP
PSC
CS

PS

Figure 4.1-1

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CS: Cell Station
PS: Personal Station
PSC: PHS Switching Center
SCP: Service Control Point

Configuration of Basic Public PHS NetworkPHS

4.1.2 Interface
The standardized network interface between the CS and the PSC is based on an ISDN
interface which is modified to support PHS-specific functions such as location
registration, authentication, and handover. The PHS service control procedure andinter-network interface have been standardized. In PHS, the PSC connects CSs directly
to the PHS network, whereas in the cellular network, the base station controller mediates
the connection between the base stations and the switch. The elimination of suchintermediary equipment may contribute to cost reduction upon implementing the PHS
network. The basic main properties of the PHS air interface specifications are shown in
Table 4.1-1.
Table 4.1-1

Air Interface Specifications

Item

Specifications

Frequency Band

1.9 GHz

Access Method

TDMA/TDD

Bearer Channels/Carrier

4

Modulation Method

4DQPSK

Voice CODEC

32kbps ADPCM

Transmission Rate

384kbps

Transmission

PowerCS : 500 mW or less

(Average)

PS : 10 mW or less

Carrier Spacing

300 kHz

4.2 Major System Elements
4.2.1 PHS Switching Center (PSC)
There are two types of public PHS networks: the public network utilizing type and the
independent network type. Figure 4.2-1 shows a conceptual configuration for both
networks. The public network utilizing type utilizes the existing PSTN switching
functions and the Intelligent Network (IN) functions on a nationwide scale. This provides
for necessary PHS control functions such as location registration, mobility management,
authentication, and message accounting. On the other hand, the independent network
type implements PHS in an independent switching network which is connected to theexisting network via an inter-network interface. The switching system, database and the
management facilities are embedded in the independent network.

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PHS

PSTN/ISDN/PLMN
DB

ISDN

Inter-Network Interface

PSC
DB

CS

DB

PSC

PHS
Operator
CS

CS

PHS
Operator

Independent Network Type

Public Network Utilizing Type

Figure 4.2-1

CS

Two Types of Public PHS Networks

In both PHS networks, the core equipment of the network is the PSC which is a digital
switching system with ISDN functions that include PHS service software. An example of
PSC system configuration and its specifications is shown in Figure 4.2-2 and Table 4.2-1
respectively.

CS
ISDN (Copper Pair Cables)

CS
Fiber

CS Remote
ISDN Unit

Line Control
DigitalProcessor
Line Module

Time Division
Networks

Transmission
Equipment

Digital Trunk
Interface Module

To/From other Exchanges

Optical SubscriberInterface Module

Hom e Digital
DigitalHome
Transm ission Module
ModuleTransmission

Common Channel
Signaling Controller

To/from other Signal Points(including HLR, SCP, STP)

Cable PCM

Call Processor(multi CPU)

Common Channel
Signaling Processor
System Bus

Operation and
Maintenance Processor
Maintenance andAdministration Terminal

Figure 4.2-2

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Example of PSC System Configuration

PHS

Table 4.2-1

Example of PSC Specifications

Item
System Capacity

CommonItem

Network Capacity

Single Processor
SystemMulti-Processor
System

1,000 Erlangs(30,000 PS)

22,500 Erlangs(300,000 PS)

1.544Mbps (24ch/24TS)

Digital Transmission
Interface

2.048Mbps (30ch/32TS)
Max. No. of Processors

Processor

32

1

32bits/word

Word Length
ISDN
FeatureU-Interface

2B1Q Echo Canceller

Remote ISDN unit

Max 4:1 Concentration

Common Channel Signalling

OthersCCS No.7

Temperature

5 C ~ 40 C

Ambient
Conditions

Humidity

20% ~ 40%

Mounting

Frame Dimensions (mm)2,100(H) 1,072(W) 540(D)Power Supply

Direct Current-48V 5V

4.2.2 Cell Station (CS)In general, the following types of CSs are used for public PHS service.
Output power

Indoor type ........ Low power type (10 mW or less)Outdoor type ..... Low power type (20 mW or less)High power type (500 mW or less)
Channel capacity

Standard type (4 channels including 1 control channel)
High capacity type (e.g. 8 channels including 1 control channel)
Group-controlled type
Antenna （Signal Processing）

Omni Antenna
Adaptive Array Antenna
Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)
A group-controlled type CS has a Group Control function. This function controls
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PHS

multiple CSs using a single control channel in order to increase the number of Traffic
CHannels (TCHs) in high traffic areas.

Adaptive Array Antenna
Adaptive Array Antenna, which is also called Smart Antenna, is thetechnology that uses multiple antennas and combines received signals of eachantenna adaptively to orient radio waves to desired directions or control toavoid influence of unnecessary radio waves. With PHS that adopts the
TDMA/TDD system, this technology can be effectively applied to bothtransmission and reception. It has the potential to increase PHS network
capacity and also makes it possible to cover a wider area with less cost.
Figure4.2-3 shows the image of coverage area by Adaptive Array Antenna
technology.
Interference

Beam steering

Null steering

Desired user

Interference

Interference

Figure 4.2-3 Adaptive Array Antenna technology

SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access)The access method that the multiplexing communications between one CS
with plural terminals are realized by distinguishing received signals spatially
utilizing the same frequency is called Space Division Multiple Access(SDMA). Application of the Adaptive Array Antenna technology allows
multiple PHS terminals to connect to the same cell station at the same slot
timing by sharing the same frequency. Cell stations in such environment canaccommodate several times as much traffic as conventional cell stations.
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Frequency

user1

f1
User1
(Freq:f1)

user4
f2

user2
user5

f3

user3
user6

User4
(Freq:f1)
Slot1

Slot2

Slot3

Slot4

Time

Space

Figure 4.2-4

SDMA Image illustration

Photo 4.2-1 shows examples of CS , Photo 4.2-2 shows an example of Antenna andTable 4.2-2 shows some of the possible CS applications.
Table 4.2-2

CS TypeLow power type (standard)(See Photo 4.2-1(a),(b))

Group-controlled type<High power type>(See Photo 4.2-1(c))

CS

Applications

Application Example
Indoors
High traffic areas(also for expansion)

SDMA type <High power type>(See Photo 4.2-1(d))

High traffic areas(Wide area coverage in suburbs)

Multi CS Control System(See Photo 4.2-1(e))

Indoors

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PHS

(a) Low power (10mw) type(b) Low power (20mw) type(c) Group-controlled type

Public space(d) Height power (500mw)
SDMA W-OAM type
Office

［5F］
［4F］

IDF

［3F］
［2F］
［1F］
［B1F］

IDF

MDF

(e) Multi CS Control System(Nano Cell System)

Photo 4.2-1

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58

Example of CS

PHS(a) Omni-directional Antennatype（gains：10dBi）(b) Omni-directional Antenna
2-stage type(d) Directional antenna type
(16dBi, 90-degree)(f) Directional antenna type
(Planar 16dBi)

Photo 4.2-2(c)Omni-directional
Antenna
type（12dBi high gain type）(e) Directional antenna type
(16dBi, 180-dgree)(g) Directional antenna type
(20dBi, 60-degree)

Example of Antennas

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PHS

Table 4.2-3 shows an example of specifications for low power type and high power typeCS.
Table 4.2-3

Example of Standard CS Specifications

Item

Low Power

High Power

RF Output Power

10mW (Average)

500mW (Average)

Network Interface

ITU-T Rec. G.961 (2B1Q echo
canceller) ITU-T Rec. I.430

ITU-T Rec. G.961 (2B1Q echo
canceller) ITU-T Rec. I.430

Size

Approx.

1~ [liters](3channel type) Approx. 10~ 20 [liters](7channel type) Approx. 10~ 35 [liters]

Mass

Approx.

1 ~ [kg](3channel type) Approx. 7~ 10 [kg](7channel type) Approx. 7 ~ 20 [kg]Power Source

Local power feeding (100 ~ 240V AC)

Local power feeding (100 ~ 240V AC)

4.2.3 Personal Station (PS)The PSs can be used outdoors, inside the office, and at home. Furthermore, thetransceiver function allows a user to communicate directly with another PS without theintervention of CSs. Table 4.2-4 shows a sample of PS specifications, and Photo 4.2-3
shows some of the commercially available PSs.

(a) Smart Phone type

Photo 4.2-3

MoU60(b) Browser type

Example of PS(c)Business phone typePHS

W-SIM type
W-SIM is a multi-functional telecommunication module that carries wirelesstelecommunication (Antenna and Wireless Part included) device withvarious personal information including phone book. Needless to mention its
PC and PDA functions beyond a portable communication tool, the device is
expected to cope with all machineries from medical equipment and digital
camera to crime prevention system and household appliance in future.

Figure 4.2-5

W-SIM type

Table 4.2-4 Specifications of W-SIM
Item

Specifications
25.6mm (W)Size

42.0mm (H)
4.0mm (D)

Mass

~ 8g
- It is a multifunction module that installs the wireless technology (antenna andwireless machine), and has generality with the user data of the telephonebook etc.
- The interface specification is indicated by the W-SIM core module forum

Features(http://www.wcmf.jp/).
- 32k, 64k PIAFS and 4x/2x/1x Packet can be used for data communications.
- BPSK、QPSK、8PSK adaptive modulation- Seamless hand-over function.
- Personal telephone number directory (1000 names, a few telephone numbers
and mail addresses per name)- International roaming ※Taiwan and Thailand（As of 2007）

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PHS

4.2.4 Repeater
Public PHS service can be provided inside a building by either installing outdoor typeCSs near the building or indoor type CSs inside the building. It is sometimes difficult forthe public PHS radio signal to cover the entire area inside a building due to signal
attenuation caused by propagation distance and physical obstacles. Installing a repeater
would be effective in such situations as it amplifies the weakened PHS signal and thereby
helps to increase service coverage inside the building.
Two types of repeaters are being used in Japan; the home repeater which is owned by theindividual user and used at home, and the public repeater which is owned and operated
by the operators.
Figure 4.2-6 shows a home repeater that is used inside user's premises. The homerepeater should be placed near a window as it receives the PHS signal from a public CS,
then retransmits it to the PS inside the house, and vice versa. By using this home repeater,
the public PHS service can be made available inside the house even while the PS is far
away from the window. The home repeater is pocket sized and can be purchased at the
PS shops.

CS

Public CS

Home repeater
User’s premises(a) Wall installation type(b) Desk top typeFigure 4.2-6

MoU62(c) 4slot packet (x4 packet) type

Home Repeater

PHS

Figure 4.2-7 shows two of the public repeaters that are being used in the public service
environment. This figure shows a case in which the public repeater is used to cover areasthat the radio signal from the CS cannot reach due to shadowing effects. The PHS
operator can install the public repeaters in order to increase its service area without
having to set up additional public lines.

CS

PublicCS

Buildings
Buildings

PublicrepeaterFigure 4.2-7

Public Repeater

Any public PS can access a public repeater. On the other hand, only the PSs with thetelephone numbers pre-registered to a home repeater can access that home repeater.

4.2.5 Intelligent Network (IN)The IN technology is used in PSTN to provide supplementary services such as freephone and credit card calls. In this case the IN is implemented by means of an overlay
network that can be integrated into the existing network (PSTN/ISDN) using additional
software.
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PHS

PHS uses the IN technology, which conforms to the ITU-T standards, in order tosupport such features as location registration, authentication, call origination, and calltermination. A PSC and an SCP are required to realize the IN as illustrated in Figure
4.2-8. The PSC provides Common Channel Signaling No.7 (CCS No.7), ISDN and IN
capabilities. The SCP, on the other hand, provides the service logic, databasemanagement and operation capabilities in order to support the location registration
database, authentication database, and the other relevant databases.
Intelligent
Layer

SCP
DB

Backbone
Layer
STP

PSC

Access
Layer

cs

cs

PHS
Service
Functions

DB :Database
SCP :Service Control Point
STP :Signaling Transfer Point/Signal Transfer Point

Figure 4.2-8

MoU64

IN Configuration of PHS Service

PHS

Location registration and call termination processes using the IN are described below.
Location Registration

Figure 4.2-9 illustrates the location registration process. The process isaccomplished in the following order.
Step 1 : A PS receives location information from the CS. This informationis then stored in the PS.
Step 2 : When the PS moves to another location registration area, the PS
recognizes that the location information sent from the new CS isdifferent from previous stored information.
Step 3 : The PS sends a registration request to the new CS.
Step 4 : The registration request is forwarded to the SCP, and the newlocation information is stored in the location database of the SCP.
Location
Information

SCP

Step 4
STP

PSC

cs

cs

Step 3
Step 1
Step 2PS

Location registration area

Figure 4.2-9

PS

PHS Location Registration Process

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Call Termination

Figure 4.2-10 illustrates the call termination process assuming that a call is made toa PS from a fixed telephone. The process is performed in the following order.
Step 1 : The fixed telephone places a call to the PS.
Step 2 : The originating exchange analyzes and recognizes the PS number

and routes the call to the PSC.
Step 3 : The PSC accesses the SCP to acquire location information of thecalled PS.
Step 4 : The acquired location information is then forwarded to the PSC.
Step 5 : Based on the location information, the called PS is paged in its
present location registration area.

Location
Information

SCP

Step 3
Step 4STP

PSTN/ISDN

PSC

Step 2cs

Step 1

Step 5

Fixed TEL

Figure 4.2-10

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PHS Call Termination Process

PHS

4.2.6 IP-transformed System
IP-transformed system provides data and voice service via IP network instead of
traditional ISDN network and holds the following advantages.
(1)IP switch hold the function to bypass data or voice signal from CSs from ISDN
network to IP network.
(2)Various value-added services such as handover within the IP switch incommunication and between IP switches can be realized by using IP switch.
(3)Value-added services based on IP can be provided once the connection between
the IP network and networks of other operators is established by installing
gateway device.
Figure 4.2-11 shows the construction of IP-transformed system. A voice or a data
message received from a PS or a data terminal is transmitted to an IP switch by a CS.
The IP switch switched its way to forward the message to a confronting IP switch
through IP network. Then the confronting IP switch keep transmitting the voice ordata message received from IP network through a CS on the receiver side.
In addition, VoIP or data communication can be carried out between one PS or data
terminals and a terminal connected to a different operator’s network if a gateway is
installed in between.
Thus, the full IP transformation of a PHS system becomes possible, and theconstruction of PHS system with IP network becomes practical in areas andcountries without ISDN network.

ISDN Net.

PS

PS

CS
IP SwitchCS
IP Switch

Data
Terminal
IP Network
Network byotheroperators

Data
Terminal

Gateway
Supervision
EquipmentInternet
Centre Unit

Figure 4.2-11IP-transformed System in Japan

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4.2.7 Study of PHS/GSM Dual Mode Service
The possibility of the development of a PHS/GSM dual mode service which can process
both radio access systems has been investigated. Such dual mode service will allow theuser to enjoy the advantages of both the networks. Whereas the PHS can provide highquality speech and high-speed data communication, the GSM would mean wider radio
coverage and enhanced mobility.
The following different types of dual mode services can be conceived. This is also
illustrated in Figure 4.2-12.
Type 1

Private PHS mode and GSM mode

In this type, the user can use the private PHS mode of the dual mode terminal as ahome/office cordless telephone to access the PSTN through the home digitalcordless telephone/wireless PABX. The user can also access the GSM network
through the same terminal.
Type 2Public PHS mode and GSM mode (different areas)

This type is useful when the access areas of the PHS and GSM networks are
geographically isolated. Each network is established in different countries or states.
In this type, the dual mode service user uses a dual mode terminal in the visited
network mode.
Type 3Public PHS mode and GSM mode (same area)

This type is useful where PHS and GSM networks have overlapping access areas.
PHS service can be made available underground, inside department stores, and inother public spaces in the urban environment.
The type 3 terminal monitors both PHS and GSM networks simultaneously, whichallows the most use of the advantages (such as convenience of use and compactsize) resulting from the combination of PHS and GSM terminals into one.

Type 4

Public/private PHS mode and GSM mode

The access configuration for this type is a combination of the types 1 through 3.

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PHS

Type 1
GSM modeBS

Private PHS

GSM
network

Home Digital Cordless

cs

Type 3PSTN

Type 2(different areas)(same area)

Private PHS
mode

cs

Type 4

Wireless PABX

Public
PHS network
cs

Public PHS mode

Figure 4.2-12

PHS/GSM Dual Mode Service - Possible Configurations

As an initial step towards achieving a PHS/GSM dual network, the following two
methods can be proposed. However, as the service develops, more aggressive schemes
can be adopted to meet the future requirements.
In the duplex number method, the dual mode handset has both a PHS number and a
GSM number. In this case the caller must specify which of the two modes it will try toreach the desired party through. If the caller cannot reach the desired party by dialing the
PHS number, the caller may simply try calling the GSM number. This method does not
require particular network setup and service can be started immediately.
In the call forwarding method, the caller may attempt to reach the desired party by only
calling the PHS number. If the desired party is not within the range of PHS service, thecall will be forwarded to the GSM network. If the caller attempts to reach the desired
party by calling the GSM number but the desired party is not within the range of GSM
service coverage, the call will be forwarded to the PHS network.
The network issues including those described above need to be further investigated by
the operators who intend to provide such services.

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Photo 4.2-4 is an example of dual mode terminal and Table 4.2-5 shows its
specifications.
Antenna for PHS

Bi

Photo 4.2-4

Table 4.2-5

Built-in Antenna for GSM

Example of PHS/GSM Dual Mode Terminal

Example of Specifications of PHS/GSM Dual Mode Terminal

Item

Specifications

Size

47mm (W) / 26.4mm (D) / 96mm(H)(Excluding antenna and projection)

Mass

118g

Radio
Frequency

PHS : 1884.65-1919.45MHz
GSM : EGSM TX:880-915MHz / RX:925-960MHzDCS TX:1710-1785MHz / RX:1805-1880MHz

Output Power

PHS: 10ｍＷ
GSM: EGSM 2W (max) / DCS 1W (max)Antenna

PHS: Whip antenna + Embedded chip antenna(Receiving diversity antenna)
GSM: Embedded antennaStandby Mode

Three kinds of standby modes:- PHS-only Mode
- GSM-only Mode
- PHS/GSM Dual Mode

4.3 HandoverHandover is essential for ensuring uninterrupted communication when the PS moves
from one cell to another. Handover occurs in the following manner.
As the PS approaches the fringes of a CS coverage area, the signal quality of the radio
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PHS

link between the accessed CS and the PS deteriorates. When such degradation isdetected by the CS, the CS (switching origin CS) orders the PS to handover. When the
degradation is detected by the PS, the PS sends a TCH reassignment request to the CS
and the CS orders the PS to handover.

HandoverCS1
Handover destination zone
selection level
SignalCS2Signalfrom CS1
Signalfrom CS2

Strength

Handover process level
Position

CS1

Coverage of CS1(Switching origin CS)

Figure 4.3-1

CS2

PS trajectory

Coverage of CS2(Switching destination CS)

Handover Process

When the PS receives the command to handover, the PS searches for the appropriate
CS to switch to. It must find a CS from which it receives the control channel signal at alevel above a certain threshold. When it finds such a CS, the PS sends a link channel
establishment request to that CS (switching destination CS). Handover takes place whenboth of the following conditions are met; (i) the signal strength from the switching origin
CS is less than a given level (i.e. Handover process level), and (ii) the signal strength
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PHS

from the switching destination CS is higher than a given level (i.e. Handover destination
zone selection level). This process is illustrated in Figure 4.3-1.
With PHS (micro cell system), continual handover takes place when the PS moves at
high-speed. For solution of this problem, PHS operators expanded the service area
covered by each cell station and developed a new technology that shortens handoverprocessing time to enable stable and uninterrupted communication even when the user istraveling at a high-speed.
This new technology is called "Seamless Handover": while keeping communication witha switching origin CS, the PS searches for multiple other cell stations and establishes thelink to an appropriate switching destination CS prior to handover. It brings about
instantaneous handover, resulting in stable and uninterrupted communication in
high-speed movement of PS.

4.4 Roaming Capabilities
Roaming is a service that enables the PS to obtain an incoming or outgoing connection inother public PHS networks in the same way that it would in the original network. The
main inter-networking processes are (i) location registration (moving from the home
network), (ii) location registration (moving back to the home network), (iii) subsequenttransfer of service profile (additional inquiry of authentication data), (iv) call routing toroaming PS, and (v) outgoing call from roaming PS. Among them, items (i) and (iv) are
explained as follows.
Location registration

Location registration takes place within the visited network when a public PS moves
from the home network to the visited network. Figure 4.4-1 illustrates the location
registration process. The process occurs in the following order.
Step 1 :Step 2 :Step 3 :MoU72

PS moves from the home network to the visited network.
Location registration request is transferred from the PS to the
SCP through the CS and the PSC.
The SCP in the visited network acts as a Visitor Location
Register (VLR), and requests the SCP in the home network for aservice profile through the CCS No.7 network. This service

PHS

Step 4 :Step 5 :Step 6 :profile acts as the Home Location Register (HLR).
The HLR responds to the request of the VLR by sending theservice profile through the CCS No.7 network.
The VLR requests inter-network location registration to the
HLR through the CCS No.7 network.
The HLR responds to the request of the VLR through the CCS
No.7 network.

Home Network

Visited Network

SCP

Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6CCS No.7
Network

PSC

cs

cs

Step 2

Step 1PS

Figure 4.4-1

PS

Location Registration (moving from the home to the visited network)

Call Routing to Roaming PS

A call is routed to the roaming PS through the home network. Figure 4.4-2
illustrates a routing scheme in which all the calls have to be routed through the home
network. The established communication path is indicated in the figure below. A callmade from a fixed telephone to the roaming PS occurs in the following sequence.
Step 1 :Step 2 :Step 3 :A call to the roaming PS is initiated in the originating PSTN.
The call is routed to the home network based on the PS numberthat is dialed.
The database (HLR) in the home network knows which network
the PS is located in and it informs the roaming number to the
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PHS

Step 4 :Step 5 :Step 6 :switch in order to route the call to the visited network.
The call is routed to the visited network based on the roaming
number in the Initial Address Message (IAM) of the ISDN User
Part (ISUP).
Using the PS number that is also in the IAM, the SCP of thevisited network (VLR) decides the appropriate PSC to which thecall is finally routed.
The PS is paged at the PSC. Authentication is accomplished in
the visited network based on the information stored in the VLR.
Home Network

Step 3SCP

CCS No.7
Network
Step 4
Step 2

PSC

VisitedNetwork

Step 5SCP

Call Originating Network
cs

PSC

PS

LE

cs

Step 6

Step 1PS: Established
Communication Path

Figure 4.4-2

Call Routing to the Roaming PS

Roaming can be provided only after certain administrative and technical requirements
have been met. Administrative issues include billing issues between the different
operators whereas the technical issues include transferring location data between
networks through a common access interface.

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PHS

4.5 Multi Number Roaming
PHS adopts a concept for assigning multiple subscriber numbers to the same PS so that
the PS subscriber number can be switched depending on the situation/purpose. It is
possible to realize roaming service by using this feature. The multi number roaming
service registers a PHS number of a visiting network as well as a PHS number of a home
network in the same PS. Simultaneously, this service registers the subscriber
information in both of the networks. As a result, this terminal can be used in both of
the home network and visiting network. The user can access either network byswitching his/her terminal’s PHS number as the occasion may demand. Both networks
need not any function expansion to connect this terminal. The visiting network sends
charge information to the home network, based on which the operator in the home
network collects service and call charges from the user. This service allows a call to beterminated directly to the called station by using the roaming number. The result is anincrease in routing efficiency, which can render the user’s service charges at theminimum level.

Visiting Network

Home Network
1) Move & Use2) Back to Home

SO #0
Home Network
CCH#
PS#
A-KEY

SO #1

SO #0

SO #1

Visiting Network
CCH#
PS#
A-KEY

Home Network
CCH#
PS#
A-KEY

Visiting Network
CCH#
PS#
A-KEY

Off

Off

On

On

SO : Service Order

Figure 4.5-1

Multi Number Roaming structure

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PHS

Direct receiving a call by the roaming number
Visiting area
Home
International call (charged to caller)
Roaming number: XXX-XX-XXX..
PHS in roaming mode

Receiving a call by home number
Home

Home
network

Visiting area
Transferred tovisiting network

Conversion
Charged to receiver
PHS in roaming mode

Figure 4.5-2

Receiving Process

4.6 PHS Management System
This section describes the administrative, billing, and network maintenance systems thatare necessary in order to provide public PHS service.

4.6.1 Administration and Billing Systems
Administration and Billing Systems are an integral part of any telecommunications
operation. They provide a basis for differentiation and a platform to respond quickly tothe market and to competitive advances. Figure 4.6-1 illustrates the functional
configuration of these systems.
The administration system deals with service maintenance and customer support. Thissystem has the functions listed below.
Subscriber information registration
Service order management
Subscription cancellation
Group billing management
Service suspension
Delinquent subscriber management

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PHS

The billing system, on the other hand, processes service charges and issues invoices to all
the subscribers. A few examples of the functions performed by the billing systems arelisted below. They are:Collection of detailed call charges that were transmitted from the PSC
Bill compilation
Bill issuanceBill payment processing
Billing data inquiry, dunning/requesting payment management
Rate and charge modification
Digital Map
SCP

CS

PSC

- Call detail record- Service order entry

Customer
Database
Maintenance

Customer Service Center- Application- Payment- Inquiry- Complaint- Subscriber
information
registration& alteration- Phone number
management- Service ordermanagement- Bill compilation- Bill issuance- Paid bill processing- Billing data inquiry
Billing System- BillSubscribers

Figure 4.6-1

Functional Configuration of Administration and Billing Systems

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PHS

4.6.2 Network Maintenance System
A computerized PHS network maintenance system is most desirable for maintaining andoperating the CSs as well as the PSC because of the large number of CSs that exist in a
PHS network. The maintenance system executes provisioning, routine maintenance andtrouble shooting for the PSC whereas the PHS operators generally implement thefollowing operations for the CSs.
CS configuration
CS remote control
Traffic management
Alarm monitoring
Traffic data (Performance monitoring)
Testing
CS Program & Parameter upload/download
Usually Maintenance system communicates with CS through using D-ch Packet on ISDN
interface between CS and PSC.

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PHS

Chapter 5
Wireless Local Loop
/Fixed Wireless Access system Application
Wireless Local Loop/Fixed Wireless Access system (WLL/FWA) is a generic term foran access system that uses a wireless link to connect subscribers to their local exchange
in place of conventional copper cable. Using a wireless link shortens the deployment
time and also reduces installation and operating costs.

5.1 Introduction
Teledensity differs greatly from one country to another. While many developed
countries have telephones in practically every household, the telephone penetration insome developing countries is still lower. There is an urgent need to eliminate thebacklog for telephone service in order to make global communication a reality.
Moreover, as countries move ahead with plans to privatize telecommunication
businesses and introduce competition, investments in telephone network facilities arecontinually increasing. If the cost of the local loop representing a majority oftelecommunication investment could be reduced, the rate of telecommunication
penetration could increase dramatically.
In addition to the need for basic telephony, new services like data transfer facilities andthe Internet, are increasing traffic demand and creating a shortage of telephone lines inboth developed and developing countries. WLL/FWA is a possible solution to increase
the supply of telephone lines in these areas. However, WLL/FWA has to meet thechallenge of providing quick radio connections while striving to maintain a voice
quality comparable to conventional wireline. Many technologies are proposed aroundthe world as candidates for WLL/FWA. Though the choice of any particular technology
is subject to many factors both technological and political, a WLL/FWA solution basedon PHS (PHS-WLL/FWA) is seen as the most suitable solution. Its suitability lies in thefeatures and characteristics of PHS technology.
The cost breakdown of installing subscriber lines, including site development, is shownin Figure 5.1-1.
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Us
ing
C

Cost/Subscriber

OP
PE
R

Ca

ble

PHS

Secondary DP

Using PHS

Last several km
Primary DP

Distance

Local Exchange

Figure 5.1-1

Local Loop

Installation Cost Breakdown for Subscriber Lines

The "last several kilometers " segment to the subscriber's premises accounts for a large
share of the total investment, in terms of both the labor and equipment costs involved.
Using a wireless link for subscriber access makes it possible to start service in a very
short period of time, because the installation of wireless facilities involves small-scaleconstruction. Wireless links are especially effective for the last several kilometers up to
the subscriber location.
Due to the explosive growth of cellular phones in recent years, wireless equipment
prices have been drastically reduced. The cost of installing a WLL/FWA system forsubscriber access lines is lower than that of copper cable, though it can vary dependingon the subscriber line length and local conditions.

5.2 Requirements for WLL/FWA Solution
WLL/FWA system can be introduced to increase communication lines in areas with ashortage of communication facilities or to construct communication lines as a substitute for wired telephone lines.
Below are the considerations concerning the deployment of a WLL/FWA system:
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PHS

Installation

Since a WLL/FWA system serves as the access line for fixed telephone service, it
should be capable of handling changes in traffic demand. The PHS-WLL/FWA
system can meet this requirement because of easy-to-install cell stations.
PHS-WLL/FWA cell stations are available in range of different sizes corresponding
to different levels of capacity. The smallest types are very compact, whereas thelarger types have sufficient capacity and high transmission power to handle
considerable growth.
Additionally, PHS uses Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) technology which
minimizes the need for frequency planning. This makes the installation processeasier.
Voice Quality

As an access line for fixed telephone service, the WLL/FWA system should
provide the same level of voice quality as that of conventional wireline. PHS
achieves toll quality voice through the adoption of 32kbps Adaptive Differential
Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) voice processing.
Security

Since the WLL/FWA system uses wireless communication, the system should
provide sufficient confidentiality and terminal authentication for security. The
PHS-WLL/FWA system can protect users from tapped telephone conversations byusing standardized scrambling functions.
Service

As an access line for fixed telephone service, the WLL/FWA system should
provide features such as connection to single-line subscriber unit, multiple-line
subscriber unit, pay phone, and emergency call. In case that limited mobile service
is required, some of WLL/FWA systems can be configured to support the mobility
function. PHS-WLL/FWA can support all of these features.
Traffic Volume

Although traffic volume of the usual public PHS service is typically 0.01 to 0.03
Erlangs per subscriber, that of the WLL/FWA system is estimated at 0.1 Erlangs ormore. The WLL/FWA system should support higher traffic volume per subscriber
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than conventional mobile communication systems, because it is a substitute forwireline service where traffic is considerably larger than existing mobile systems.
From its conception, PHS-WLL/FWA was designed to handle large volumes oftraffic.
Overall Cost

The overall cost of the WLL/FWA system including equipment, user terminal,
construction, operation and maintenance, should be comparable with wireline or
below. The PHS-WLL/FWA system can be available at a low cost because thesystem uses components standardized and mass-produced for the public PHS insome products. In addition, through line concentration, the system can adopt
economical configurations between the WLL/FWA access controller and each cellstation.
Interference

A WLL/FWA system must not cause any interference with the operation of existing
systems, such as microwave communication or other communication systems.
PHS-WLL/FWA has been designed to minimize interference. Experience in Japan
with the public PHS has proven this feature.

5.3 System Configuration and Interface
5.3.1 System Configuration
The PHS-WLL/FWA System is a wireless access system that provides various
services, such as plain old telephone service, pay phone service, high-speed dataservice, limited mobile service, etc.
A PHS-WLL/FWA network model is shown in Figure 5.3-1. It consists of
WLL/FWA Access Controllers (WACs), WLL/FWA Cell Stations (WCSs),
WLL/FWA Subscriber Units (WSUs), and WLL/FWA Personal Stations (WPSs)(supportable in some manufactures’ PHS-WLL systems).
The WACs are located between the Local Exchange (LE) and the WCSs, and theirfunction includes line concentration, authentication, etc. WCSs are usually installed
outdoors in locations such as on the top of poles. One WCS can cover an area
having a radius of several to over ten kilometers. WSUs are installed outdoors or inuser’s premises and are connected to telephone terminals, with the antennas set on
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the pole, the roof or the wall. WPSs are similar to public PHS terminals with WSU
functions.

WSU
WAC

Local Exchange(LE)
WAC: WLL/FWA Access Controller
WCS: WLL/FWA Cell Station
WPS: WLL/FWA Personal Station
WSU: WLL/FWA Subscriber Unit

Figure 5.3-1

WIF1

WCS

WIF3

TE

WIF2

WPS

WIF1: WLL/FWA Interface 1
WIF2: WLL/FWA Interface 2
WIF3: WLL/FWA Interface 3
TE: Terminal Equipment

PHS-WLL/FWA Network Model

5.3.2 Interface
Figure 5.3-1 depicts PHS-WLL/FWA interface points.
Interface (WIF1) between TE and WSU

The interface (WIF1) between Terminal Equipment (TE) and WSU is a two-wireanalog interface. Since the analog subscriber interface needs to be compatible with
the PSTN, the actual specifications depend on the administrator or the operatingcompany.
Interface (WIF2) between WSU (or WPS) and WCS

The interface (WIF2) between WSU (or WPS) and WCS is an air interface based on
the RCR STD-28.
Interface between WAC and WCS

The interface between WAC and WCS is determined by the operator and theequipment supplier. Various kinds of transmission techniques (radio and cable) are
employed.
Interface (WIF3) between WAC and LE

The interface (WIF3) between WAC and LE is either a two-wire analog interface ora digital interface. In case of an analog interface, the LE connects to the Central
Office Terminal (COT) using a two-wire loop interface, exactly as with wired
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telephone subscribers. This permits operators to install a flexible mix of wired andwireless capacity without restrictions or need to reconfigure the LE.
As for the digital interface, the V5-interface and the GR-303 interface are standardized
with some alterations for the PHS-WLL/FWA system. V5-interface refers to theInternational Telecommunication Union Telecommunication standardization sector(ITU-T) standards for the connection of an Access Network (AN) using the 2048kbps
link, including ITU-T Rec. G.964:V5.1-interface and ITU-T Rec. G.965:V5.2-interface.
V5.1 and V5.2-interface options eliminate the expense of COT and LE line cards thus
providing an extremely cost effective solution. V5.2-interface has the additional benefitof providing a concentrating interface between the LE and the WAC. This concentratinginterface reduces the back-haul bandwidth requirements which can provide significant
cost savings such as when microwave links are used.
The PHS-WLL/FWA system applies V5 and GR-303 interfaces for the support ofanalog telephone access. The GR-303 is a de facto standard for Integrated Digital Loop
Carrier System Generic Requirements, Objectives and Interfaces. In future, the system
will also support the items specified in ITU-T Rec. G.964 and Rec. G.965 which relate
to Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) telephone access.

5.3.3 Comparison of WLL/FWA System Technologies
WLL/FWA systems incorporating various types of wireless technologies are already inuse, primarily in rural areas. A comparison of some typical technologies is summarized
below.
Cellular based WLL/FWA System

This approach involves using the wireless equipment of a cellular system, without
employing mobility function. By using high speech compression technology,
cellular systems increase spectral efficiency, but speech quality will deteriorate. In
the case where standard cellular terminals can be used, economies of scale can leadto cost savings.
PHS-WLL/FWA System

As in the case of cellular based system, the system cost is reduced by using PHS
terminal technology and wireless equipment. And in most cases, the PHS terminal
is far less expensive than the cellular terminal. Since the voice encoding system
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uses 32kbps ADPCM, speech quality comparable to that of wireline system isobtained.
Examination of Table 5.3-1 reveals that the PHS-WLL/FWA system is superior in termsof speech quality and economy among other aspects. In addition, while fixed use is themain objective for a WLL/FWA system implementation, inclusion of mobile service isalso possible in some cases.
Table 5.3-1

Comparison of WLL/FWA Technologies

Item

PHS-WLL/FWA

Cellular based
WLL/FWACS coverage

Several to over ten km

1-15 km

Voice quality

Almost same as wired
telephone

Acceptable level

Affinity for FAX and Datatransmission

Good

Fair

Subscriber Density

High

MediumEasiness of cell planning(site selection, interference)

Easy

Not easy

Subscriber unit cost

Low

MediumNetwork infrastructure cost

Low

High

Frequency band

1900MHz450/800/900 MHz

Inclusion of mobile service

Possible

Possible

The suitability of a technology is also dependent on factors like subscriber density andthe distance from the local exchange. Figure 5.3-2 highlights this aspect.

5.3.4 Application
In order to optimize investment in WLL/FWA equipment, suitable WLL/FWA systems
can be chosen according to subscriber density as a main consideration. As PHS isadvantageous in high traffic areas, PHS-WLL/FWA system is the most suitable to allow
for an increase in the availability of existing telephone networks in urban and suburban
areas on a short-term basis.
In addition, as PHS allows for a multi-operator environment in the same service area,
the PHS-WLL/FWA service can co-exist with public PHS services as well as with othertypes of WLL/FWA systems so long as major system parameters of both radio systems
are adjustable.
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WSU
WCS

WPS
Optical Fiber
WSU

WSU
WCS

WCS

Metallic Cable

Microwave
WPS

WPS

Overlaid Networkwith WLL/FWA
for New Traffic Demand

WAC

Analog or Digital Interface

OverlaidLE:
Local Exchange
WAC: WLL/FWA Access Controller
WCS: WLL/FWA Cell Station
WSU: WLL/FWA Subscriber Unit
WPS: WLL/FWA Personal Station
OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center: Transmitter/Receiver for Optical fiberor Metallic Cable system: Transmitter/Receiver for Microwave radio system: PHS link

Figure 5.3-2

LE
OMC

Existing Wired Network

Example of PHS-WLL/FWA Overlay on Existing Wired Network

Figure 5.3-2 shows an example of PHS-WLL/FWA system overlaid on the existing
wired network. A WAC can be installed in the LE station. A WAC and a WCS can beconnected using existing cables (metallic or optical fiber) as appropriate. When existing
cables are not available between the two, a microwave link is suitable to keep
installation costs low as well as to help in the conservation of antique buildings or roadsin the area.
By introducing a long-distance transmission system, the PHS-WLL/FWA system canalso be used as a wide area access network. The PHS-WLL/FWA system employing
such a combination can cover areas several hundred kilometers apart from the station
where a WAC is installed and can accommodate from several hundreds to several tensof thousands of subscribers. Since the WAC can be installed in the exchange station of alarge city, it is easy to obtain resources for the system maintenance and operation.

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Figures 5.3-3 shows example of access networks using microwave trunk links. Thissystem is suitable for a large number of subscribers to be accommodated as well as for
expected future expansion in each area.

WSU

Microwave Trunk Link

WSU
WCS

CapitalCentral Station

LE

WPS
WSU

WSU

ＷＡＣ

WCS
WPS
WSU

WSU

WSU
LE : Local Exchange
WAC : WLL/FWA Access Controller
WCS : WLL/FWA Cell Station
WSU : WLL/FWA Subscriber Unit
WPS : WLL/FWA Personal Station: Microwave Trunk Link
: Approach Microwave Link
: PHS Link

WCS

C Province
Village

WSU

WCS

WPS

A Province
City

WPS

WSU

WSU
WCS
WPS

Microwave Trunk Link
to/from other provinces

B Province
Village: Microwave Radio Station

Figure 5.3-3

Example of Wide Area Coverage with PHS-WLL/FWA
and Microwave System

5.4 Major System Elements
Major system elements of PHS-WLL/FWA system are shown in Figure 5.4-1.
WAC: WLL/FWA Access Controller
WCS: WLL/FWA Cell Station
WSU:

PCM Interface

Air Interface
PHS (RCR STD-28)(2 Mbps)

WLL/FWA Subscriber Unit

WSU

WPS: WLL/FWA Personal Station
TE :WLL/FWA Subscriber Station

Terminal Equipment
Metallic Cable

LE

WSU

WCS

WLL Subscriber Unit
(WSU)

WPS
WSU

WAC

Terminal Equipment (TE)

Optical Fiber
Cable

WSU
WCS
WPS

WLL/FWA Personal Station

WSU

Microwave
Radio

WSU

WPS

WCS
WPS

Figure 5.4-1

Major System Elements

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5.4.1 WLL/FWA Access Controller (WAC)
The WAC has an LE interface and a WCS interface, and controls call connection,
performs location registration, authentication, as well as other tasks. The WAC may
include operation and maintenance facilities to supervise and control the
PHS-WLL/FWA system.

5.4.2 WLL/FWA Cell Station (WCS)The WCS communicates with WSU and/or the WPS using the PHS air interface. The
major elements of the WCS are the antennas, transceiver equipment, and power supply.
In some cases, transmission facilities for the approach link are installed between WCS
and WAC. Optical fiber, microwave or metallic wire are available as the approach link
to extend the service area of the WLL/FWA system. The number of subscribers per cell
can be increased by the use of WCS having multiple transceiver facilities. The WCS is
installed on the top of a pole or the roof of a building.

5.4.3 WLL/FWA Subscriber Unit (WSU)
The WSU converts signals between the Terminal Equipment (TE) and the WCS. In
order to serve as a subscriber line to the telephone, the WSU has features such as
4W/2W conversion, DP(Dial Pulse)/DTMF(Dual Tone Multi-Frequency signaling)transmission/reception, and the generation of the howler/ringer.
The WSU also incorporates a back-up battery against commercial power failure forseveral hours. At the subscriber station of the PHS-WLL/FWA system, a directional
antenna is often used to extend range. Because of the high gain of the directional
antenna, the service area of several to over ten kilometers radius from the WCS can beobtained, although it depends on the surrounding conditions. Ordinary telephones or pay
phones may also be installed as TE.

5.4.4 WLL/FWA Personal Station (WPS)
The WPS is a mobile subscriber terminal for communicating with the WCS using the
PHS air interface. A terminal similar to that of the public PHS Personal Station (PS) canbe used as a WPS in the WLL/FWA service. Handover between cells is only available
when the WAC has functions to support handover service. Roaming between
WLL/FWA service and public PHS service is possible provided that WLL/FWA andpublic PHS operators secure roaming agreements. For portability, the WPS uses a small
omni-directional antenna similar to the public PHS PS. The antenna gain of WPS,
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therefore, is lower than that of ordinary WSU which uses a directional antenna. Becauseof the low antenna gain, the service area for the WPS is limited.

5.5 Service Features
The PHS-WLL/FWA system provides various services, such as ordinary telephoneservice, pay phone service, digital mode high-speed data service, and limited
mobile-phone service. Since PHS-WLL/FWA is positioned as an access system forordinary telephone services, the mobility functions such as handover and roaming are
regarded as options in PHS-WLL/FWA.
The following services are available or planned for PHS-WLL/FWA systems.
Basic services

Bearer Service-Circuit-mode 32kbps bearer service (Voice, 3.1 kHz audio information)-Circuit-mode 32kbps unrestricted bearer service (using PIAFS adapter)
Subscriber Line Class-Individual Subscriber-Pay Phone
Supplementary Services

Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP)
Meter Pulsing Signal Transmission
Terminating-only Line
Functional Services for operators

Location Registration
Authentication
Interference AvoidanceHowler Tone Sending
Emergency Call Connection
Emergency Call Holding
Hooking Signal Transmission
DTMF Signal Transmission
Overlap Sending of dialing
Subscriber Line Test Signal Transmission
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Coin Collection Signal Transmission
Ground Start Signal Transmission

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Chapter 6
Private Communication System Application
PHS has two application areas in a private communication service: a corporate
application (mainly for business use) and a home application.

6.1 Corporate Application
PHS can function as a private communication system for office use, such as digital
wireless Private Automatic Branch eXchange (PABX) system. The digital wireless
PABX system consists of Personal Stations (PSs), Cell Stations (CSs), and a digital
PABX. The air interface between PSs and CSs complies with the PHS air interface
standard.

6.1.1 Features
The PHS Corporate Communication System with a digital PABX was developed toprovide upgraded facilities and convenience to supplement or substitute an ordinary
copper wired telephone system in a business environment. As the inherent features of awireless PABX system, the PHS Corporate Communication System provides
Mobility in the officeLayout free and easy relocation
Flexibility in system configuration
Ease of maintenanceIn addition to the aforementioned features, PHS technology adds the following
advantages to a wireless PABX system.
Multimedia data communication
Handover and roaming
High level of communication quality and security
Seamless communication between public service and private service
PS access to advanced service features of PABX
Transceiver communication (Walkie-Talkie)
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An example of PHS Corporate Communication System is illustrated in Figure 6.1-1.

CS

CS

PS

3rd FloorPS
2nd Floor

1st Floor

Switching Office

Digital PABX

1st Basement

Office Building

Figure 6.1-1

Example of PHS Corporate Communication System

6.1.2 System Configuration
There are two types of basic system configurations. One is the integrated type, and theother is the add-on type. Figure 6.1-2 and Figure 6.1-3 show typical system
configurations.
Proprietary
Interface
PC

PS
PS

Wired Telephone

Interface
Cards

PSTN

Main
Equipment(Digital PABX)

Dedicated
Line

CS

Figure 6.1-2

PC

System Configuration (Integrated Type)

Proprietary
Interface
PHS
or
PHS
Adapter
Adapter Common
Interface

Main
LOOP，ISDN，TIE Equipment(PABX)PS
PS
CS

Figure 6.1-3

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Wired Telephone

System Configuration (Add-on Type)

PSTN
Dedicated
Line

PHS

The PABX is responsible for the overall system control. The air interface between the
CSs and PSs complies with the PHS air interface standard. In the integrated type system,
the CSs are directly connected to the main PABX through the interface cards. Mobility
management functions such as location registration and authentication are installed in themain PABX.
In the add-on type system, the CSs and PSs are controlled by the PHS adapter and the
PHS adapter treats each PS as an ordinary extension line for the main PABX. Theinterface between the PHS adapter and the main PABX can be a proprietary or common
interface. This add-on type system configuration can be applied to the existing PABX
systems.

6.1.3 Application Examples
PHS technology has various types of possible applications depending on the businessarea it intends to serve. Figure 6.1-4 shows application examples of the corporate
communication system.

Office Area

Hotel & Resort•Mobility•Easy Expansion & Relocation•Data Communication

Factory & Warehouse•Mobility•Roaming among offices•Communication Quality•Stock Management

Figure 6.1-4

Key Points
in PHS Wireless
Corporate Application
Communication Quality
Security
Data Communication
Handover and Mobility
Seamless Communication
Public, Private, Transceiver Mode
Easy Expansion & Relocation
Flexible System Configuration
Excellent MaintenanceIntegration with PABX

•Wide area of coverage•Security Service•Customer Care
•Data Management

Hospital•Emergency Call
•Nurse Call
•Wireless Paging•Patient Data Collection

Application Examples of the Corporate Communication System

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Easy & Economical Expansion

Since additional CSs can be quickly installed, it is easy and economical to expand
traffic capacity. Figure 6.1-5 shows an application example of adding
communication capacity to deal with localized high-density traffic.
Additional
CS
CS

Additional
CS
CS

Digital
PABX
Switching Office

Figure 6.1-5

Application Example of High Traffic Density Area

Public and Private Combination Use

As a feature of PHS technology, the PS works in both public and private services
providing seamless communication and PHS terminal mobility. Figure 6.1-6 shows
an example of public and private combination use. This type of application isappropriate for a corporate office environment that is also accessible to public PHS
service. Even when the PS is located inside the building, the PS can still be accessedby the same public service subscriber number.
Corporate Office

ＰＳＴＮ

DigitalＰAＢＸ

Private Mode
(Accessed by Extension Number)

ＡＤＰ

PublicPHS
Network

Private Mode
(PSTN Tariff)
Public Mode(PHS Tariff)

ＰＩＵ
CS

ADP：Adapter
PIU：PHS Interface Unit
CS：Cell Station

Figure 6.1-6

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Public Mode
(Accessed by
PHS Subscriber Number)

Application Example of Public and Private Combination Use

PHSMultimedia Data Communication

The other advantage of PHS technology is the capability of multimedia data
communication. Figure 6.1-7 shows an application example of multimedia data
communication.
There are two types of data communication methods. One uses a conventional
MODEM, and the other a PHS Internet Access Forum Standard (PIAFS) protocol
based 32k/64kbps data card (there are two types of data card, one which isconnected with a cable and the other which is an all-in-one type). In the Figure
6.1-7, User A, using data communication with a conventional MODEM card, canconnect to User D or to low-speed Internet access points via the analog Public
Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
User B, using data communication with the PIAFS data card, can digitally connect
to User E or to high-speed Internet access points via the Integrated Services Digital
Network (ISDN) network. User C uses an integrated type terminal (an all-in-one
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)). This PDA type data communication concept canbe adopted for various applications such as order taking at restaurants, stock
management at a warehouse, medical data transmission at a hospital, etc.

User A
PC
PC

PS

User DCS

PC MODEM Card

PC MODEM Card

DigitalPABX

User BPC

AnalogAccess Point

Analog
PSTN

MODEM

PS

ISDN
Network

Internet
Intranet

TAP
DigitalAccess Point

PIAFS Data Card

PC

User C

User E
All-in-one PDA

Figure 6.1-7

PC : Personal Computer
PDA :Personal Digital Assistant
PIAFS : PHS Internet Access Forum Standard
TAP : Terminal Adapter for PIAFSTAPApplication Example of Multimedia Data Communication

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Application at hospitals

PHS RF output power is small as compared to cellular system, from which comesthe PHS’ advantage of minimizing effects on medical equipment. For this reason,
PHS is used at hospitals for various purposes such as communications between
nurses, patients’ nurse calls, etc. Figure 6.1-8 shows the example.
ADP: Adapter
TE: Nurse Call Terminal Equipment

Room No.xxx
Bed No.xxx
Patient xxxxxx

PS

TE<sickroom>CS

It hurts!

Mr.XXXXX,
what’s wrong?

PABX

ADP
buttonTE

Usable at nurse stations,passages, sickrooms, etc

Figure 6.1-8

TE at a bedside in each sickroom

Application Example of Nurse Call System

Wireless Paging and Conference System

The integration of the PABX and PHS technologies has opened doors to a wide
variety of interesting applications.
Wireless Paging & Conference• Multiple PSs can hear same message
from the operator• Each PS can reply to the message,
which also can be heard from other PSs• Application Example
Store, Restaurant, Hotel, Warehouse,
Security service, Hospital, etc.

Wireless Paging & Conference

EarphoneMic
Wireless Paging& Conference

PS
Operator

Figure 6.1-9

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Application Example of Wireless Paging and Conference System

PHS

One of the examples is a wireless paging and conference application as shown in
Figure 6.1-9. Each PS can hear the same announcement from the operator. A PS
can then respond to the announcement, if necessary. This response can be heard by
all the PSs.
This application is suitable for installation in stores, restaurants, hotels, warehouses,
security patrols, hospitals, etc.
Interoffice Roaming

There have been repeated demands to expand PHS corporate communication service
areas. In order to meet this demand, many businesses have adopted additional
interoffice roaming services. This service enables PHS users, traveling from one
business site to another, to originate and receive calls as an extension of the PABX
systems.
The concept of interoffice roaming in private networks is described as follows. A PS
has one number in the network and its user can originate and receive calls fromanywhere within the private network, because the network system automaticallytracks the whereabouts of the PSs.
The businesses can introduce the service by choosing the system and the PSs fromamong a variety of models available from multiple vendors. The interoffice roaming
is possible between the systems of different vendors. Figure 6.1-10 shows anapplication example of multiple office environments having roaming facilities.
The personal station 100
belonging to the Office A
is called. (Dial 100)

Office B
CS
PABX

Office A

Office C
Private Network

CS

CS
100
100
HOME

VISITORIf 100 is not at the Office A,
the call is transferred to the Office C.

Figure 6.1-10

Application Example for Multiple Office Environmentswith Roaming Facilities

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Office PHS service with LAN by IP-PHS

For Office use, LAN is able to communicate for PHS indoor station by IP based
connection. The Air Interface between PS and CS are private mode. This system iscalled IP-PHS, and data is controlled as IP packet mode, by indoor CSs, and IPPHS controller. IP-PHS Controller is connected with PHS switch system, which
realizes the extension line switch. Figure 6.1.11 shows the application system
example with multiple-office use. Indoor CSs are all connected to the IP-PHS,
which is set at Carrier control center by way of LAN and other IP based connection.
All the PSs in this system are used as same extension area.
A Building

Center35F
Switch34F

IP-PHS Controller
RouterRouterWAN

B Building

33F
Indoor CS

RouterC Building
RouterIndoorIndoor CS

CS

Figure 6.1-11

Application Example for Multiple Office For IP-PHS

Mobile Centrex service

For normal office extension mode use, the PS should work by private mode. The PS,
which supports only public mode, cannot work as extension phone.
However, Mobile Centrex service system allows such PS to be used both indoor as
extension phone and outdoor as public phone. Public mode phone can be used as
extension phone in the area of this system. Figure 6.1-12 shows the service image ofMobile Centrex service.

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PHS network
Indoor CS
Control unit

Indoors

SwitchOutdoors

Public mode PS

Indoor CS

Figure 6.1-12

Outdoor CS

Mobile Centrex service system with indoor CS and public mode phone

W-VPN (WILLCOM Virtual Private Network)

In this system, office switch (PABX）and WILLCOM network are connected in a
special circuit. Calls between office internal lines and registered numbers to W-VPN are
subject to flat rate.
As office staff can reach staffs on trips with internal lines, the need to use internal line
separately from external line and the trouble to put a call through are saved. Therefore,business efficiency is improved and telecom cost is reduced. More over, by making use
of PBX in correspond to W-VPN, major infrastructure work and cost related toinfrastructure work are saved. Hence, the system can be introduced at reasonable cost.
Figure 6.1-13 shows the image of W-VPN.

XXX1

XXX5

XXX4

XXX2

BRI/PRIXXX3

PABXIP transit exchange

IP network

Figure 6.1-13 shows the image of W-VPN.

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6.2 Home Application
In addition to the corporate application, PHS technology can also be used in home
application as a home digital cordless telephone.

6.2.1

Home Digital Cordless Telephone

The home digital cordless telephone consists of PSs and a CS that includes a cordlessbase unit function. The air interface between the PSs and the CS complies with the PHS
air interface standard. Figure 6.2-1 shows the basic system configuration of a PHS home
digital cordless telephone.

PS

PS

PS

PS
CS &
Cordless
Base UnitPS

ＰＳＴＮ/ISDN
Doorphone

Figure 6.2-1

Basic Configuration of PHS Home Digital Cordless Telephone

Because of the inherent advantages of the PHS technology, the PHS home digitalcordless telephone presents the following benefits over ordinary analog cordlesstelephones.
Clear voice quality
High level of security against tapping
Multiple PSs capability (usually 5-10 PSs)
Data communication through PSs
Transceiver communication (Walkie-Talkie)
In addition to the above benefits, the standardization of PHS technology provides thefollowing advantages.
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A CS allows the use of multiple manufacturer’s PSs
A PS works for both public service and home digital cordless telephone(PHS terminal mobility)

Photo 6.2-1

Examples of CS & Cordless Base Unit

PHS terminal mobility is an important concept of PHS. This concept enables the users tomove seamlessly between public and private PHS services. While outside, the PS can bea mobile terminal of public PHS service, and while at home, the same PS can be an
extension of a home digital cordless telephone. When the PS is within the range of boththe public and the private systems, the PS can be paged from both systems. Figure 6.2-2
shows the concept of PHS terminal mobility.
Public PHS Service
CS
CS

PHS Home Digital
Cordless Telephone

Figure 6.2-2

PHS Corporate System

Concept of PHS Terminal Mobility

Another interesting concept is the integrated service concept of the fixed and the mobile
networks. The PHS MoU has specified the minimum common technical requirements for
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PHS/GSM dual mode terminals, which realize the integration of the GSM service andPHS home/office cordless telephone service. A dual mode terminal can be used as a
GSM terminal while in an outdoor environment and as a home digital cordless telephone
while at home. The automatic connection of calls on the GSM number to the home/officecordless telephone will be implemented through an additional function (follow-me
service) in the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). Figure 6.2-3 shows the concept of
a PHS/GSM dual mode terminal.

GSM Service

PHS/GSM
Dual Mode
Terminal
PHS Home Digital
Cordless Telephone

Figure 6.2-3

6.2.2

Concept of PHS/GSM Dual Mode Terminal

Transceiver Mode (Walkie-Talkie)

This is one of the creative applications of PHS private communication service that
represents application diversity of the PHS technology. Using this mode, PSs cancommunicate directly with each other without the intervention of CSs. This is a usefulfeature for outdoor excursions.
During outdoor excursions, the users can enjoy the freedom of communication. As thisfeature does not use the network resources, user is not required to pay for the use of thisfeature. Figure 6.2-4 shows the concept of outdoor excursion application.

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Transceiver Mode

Figure 6.2-4

Outdoor Excursion Application of PHS Transceiver Mode

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Chapter 7
Certification for PHS Equipment in Japan
PHS equipments for use in Japan require the following three types of certifications.
Technical Standards Conformity Certification based on the Radio Law
Technical Conditions Compliance Approval based on the
Telecommunication Business Law
Conformance Test based on the ARIB (Association of Radio Industries andBusinesses) Technical Report
In Japan, the Radio Equipment Inspection and Certification Institute (TELEC:TELECOM ENGINEERING CENTER) and the Japan Approvals Institute for
Telecommunications Equipment (JATE) are involved in equipment certification. Theirduties include conducting tests on PHS equipment applied for by operators andmanufacturers. In addition to certifying equipment for the Japanese market, they also
deal with tests and provide certification systems for equipment used outside Japan at therequest of the appropriate administration or government authority.
Technical Standards Conformity Certification based on the Radio Law

The purpose of this certification is to confirm that the manufactured equipment
conforms to the technical regulations mandated by the Japanese Radio Law. The
certifying organization is the TELEC.
If the equipment passes the certification test, the public cell stations (public CSs)
under examination are granted a radio station certification from the TELEC. A
license from the Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts andTelecommunications, Japan (MPHPT) is required before the public CS can be used.
However, the operation of other equipment such as public personal stations (publicPSs) and private cell stations (private CSs) do not require such license from the
MPHPT.

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Technical

Conditions

ComplianceApproval

based

on

the

Telecommunication Business Law

The purpose of this approval is to confirm that a terminal connected to a network
does not affect network functions or performance specifications mandated by the
Telecommunication Business Law. The organization granting approvals is the JATE.
Conformance Test based on the ARIB Technical Report

This is a voluntary test conducted for the purpose of checking the protocols to
confirm that a terminal can be connected to a network. The organization conducting
tests is the TELEC.
This test is conducted to ensure that the air interface between the public PSs and theCSs is consistent with the ARIB Technical Report. Currently, the TELEC ischecking the public mode functions of a variety of PSs based on Technical Reports,
which show test items and conditions set forth in ARIB’s Public PS Compatibility
Confirmation (RCR TR-23).
Additionally, the TELEC is preparing tests for the private CSs and PSs using testing
methods that were developed by the ARIB: ARIB TR-T5 for private CSs and ARIB
TR-T2 [Technical Report-T2 (Test items and conditions for private personal stationcompatibility confirmation)] for private PSs.

Technical standards conformity self certification system

Under the conventional standards certification systems, organizations mandated by
the Japanese government, such as TELEC or JATE, grant approvals. The
technical standards conformity self certification system that was introduced on
January 26, 2004 allows equipment manufacturers or operators to select either ofthe following:- Conduct self test on their equipment for technical standards conformity, anddeclare them as conforming based on the test results,- Apply to the certification organization (such as TELEC or JATE) for suchcertification as before
This has given the equipment manufacturers or operators to put their products on
the market at an earlier stage.

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Appropriate tests and certification systems can be designed to check and certify theperformance of PHS equipment that will be used outside Japan, as for Singapore. Thiscan be done at the request of the appropriate administration or government authority.
In the case of Singapore, the TELEC, under a Memorandum of Understanding between
the Telecommunication Authority of Singapore (TAS) and the MPHPT of Japan,
certifies equipment performance to confirm that the equipment passes the TechnicalStandards Conformity Certification and the Conformance Test. The TELEC conducts atest to see that the control channel of the examined equipment satisfies the requirements
set forth by the TAS. The TELEC then notifies the results to TAS.

7.1 Technical Standards Conformity Certification based on theRadio Law
7.1.1 Application Submission
The TELEC accepts two methods of submitting an application, called the “Test
Application” and the “Document Application”. The Test Application involves the actual
testing of radio equipment whereas the Document Application involves examination ofsubmitted documents.
The Test Application is suitable for equipment produced in small quantities and theDocument Application is suitable for mass productions.
The submission of a Document Application must be accompanied by detailed reports oftechnical tests conducted by the applicant. This detailed report must verify that theequipment under examination conforms to all the relevant standards.
Test Application

The electrical characteristics of the radio equipment are tested at TELEC’s testing
facility. The computer controlled testing facility facilitates automatic testing and isequipped with a variety of measurement devices including, but not limited to,spectrum analyzers, frequency counters, and power meters. The tests are performedon sample units of PHS equipment.

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Document Application

The TELEC examines the documents prepared and submitted by the applicant foreach type of equipment. These documents include test data, manufacturing process,etc. There is no expiration date for certification issued through this application
method.
The technical regulations mandated by the Japanese Radio Law for the equipment can bereferred to in Table 7.1-1.
The Table 7.1-2 lists the test items for the PHS equipment.

7.1.2 Certification Procedure Flowcharts
The certification procedures for both the Test Application and the Document Application
are shown respectively in Figure 7.1-1 and Figure 7.1-2.

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Table 7.1-1

Technical Regulations based on the Radio Law

Radio Equipment
Private PHS terminal

Public PHS terminal

Public PHS Cell Station

G1C,G1D,G1E,G1F,G1X,G1W

G7D,G7W

Test ItemClass of emission
Assigned frequency
or designatedfrequency
Number of carriers andchannel separation

G1C,G1D,G1E,G1F,G1X,G1
W
1893.65 - 1905.95 MHz(excluding 1898.45 and
1900.25 MHz)CCH : 2
TCH : 40300 kHz1884.65 - 1919.45 MHz(excluding 1898.45, 1900.25, 1906.25 - 1908.05 MHz , and1915.85 - 1918.25 MHz)CCH : 7
TCH : 99 (106:unitl May 31, 2009)
300 kHz

Frequency tolerance
Occupied bandwidth
tolerance

Spurious emission
intensity tolerance

Antennapower

3 X 10288 kHz (1893.5 - 1919.6MHz)
250 nW or less(1893.5 - 1919.6 MHz)
2.5 W or less(Below 1893.5 orover 1919.6 MHz)Specifiedvalue*1(2W forCCH)

0.01 W or less

Tolerance+20%

Adjacent channel leakage
power
tolerance

-50%

-6

884kHz (1884.5 - 1893.5MHz)

794 nW/MHz or less (1884.5 - 1919.6 MHz)794 nW/MHz or less (below 1884.5 or over 1919.6MHz,
at 2.25MHz detuning)
251 nW/MHz or less (1920 - 1980MHz or 2110 - 2170MHz,
at 2.25MHz detuning)
0.5W or less(1884.65 - 1893.35,
1908.35 - 1915.55, or1918.55 - 1919.45 MHz)
0.01 W or less
0.02W or less(1893.65 - 1909.95MHz)
0.5W (2W) or less
(1906.25 - 1908.05 or
1915.85 - 1918.25MHz) *1
+20%
-50%
+20%
-50%

For occupied bandwidth of 288 kHz or less:
800 nW or less (at detuning of 600 kHz ±96 kHz),
250 nW or less (at detuning of 900 kHz ±96 kHz)For occupied bandwidth of over 288 kHz:
800 nW or less (at detuning of 900 kHz ±96 kHz),
250 nW or less (at detuning of 1200 kHz ±96 kHz)

Overall operating
characteristics

Automatic selection oftransmission frequency

Automatic selection oftransmission frequency

Other equipment thantransmitter and receiver

Calling code storage device
Identification device
Carrier sensing

Calling code storage device
Identification device
Carrier sensing

Carrier sensing

Conducted spurious
component

4nW or less

Other test items

Leakage power at no-carrier transmission : 80 nW or less-6
Tolerance of modulation signal transmission rate (384kpbs): 100 x 10

Table 7.1-2

Test Items for PHS Equipment
Test Items

No.

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108

,

CCH : 7
TCH : 99 (106:unitl May 31, 2009)
300 kHz1Frequency tolerance2

Occupied bandwidth3

Spurious emission intensity

4

Antenna power tolerance5

Adjacent channel leakage power

6

Leakage power at no-carrier transmission

7

Modulation signal transmission rate tolerance

8

Secondary radiated emissions

9

Other test items

PHS(Applicant(Designated certifying(Designated Approval

TELEC

JAT

Prior consultation

Prior consultation

Application

Acceptance

Note

AcceptanceNo

Examination of form
Ye

Acceptance of application
Payment of charges

OmittedBilling of charges

Receiving of charges

Receiving the notice of
non-conformity

Mailing the notice of
non-conformity

No

Examination of
specifications

No

Judgment

Ye
YeNo

Examination by

Mailing the noticeof non-conformity

and verification
Ye
No

Characteristic test
Ye

Certification of conformity
equipment

Certification of total applicationequipment

Pasting certification
labels
Receiving of conformity
certificate

Issuance of conformity
certificate
Registration to the ledger

Public announcement

Note : Of the low power radio equipment stipulated in Item 3, Article 4 of the Radio Law, applications
equipment to be connected to the telecommunications circuits shall be accepted individually orcollectively by designated approval institutes (Japan Approvals Institute for Telecommunications
Equipment : JATE) or designated certifying institutes (TELEC). If the applications are acceptedcollectively, those for other institutes shall be transferred to those
Of the low power radio equipment stipulated by Item 1, Article 4 of the Radio Law, applications
equipment to be connected to the telecommunications circuits shall be accepted by

Figure 7.1-1

Flowchart for Test Application Procedure

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(Designated Certification Institute)(Applicant)(Designated Approval

TELEC

Institute)

JATE
Note

Acceptance

ApplicationNo

AcceptanceExaminationof form
Yes

Acceptance of application
Billing of charges

Payment of charges

Omitted

Receiving of charges
No

Submission of additionalreference data

Examination of
documents

Yes

Examination of
additionalreference data

Yes

Request for additionalreference data

No

Submission of actual
equipment

Request for thesubmissionof actual equipment
No
No

Yes

Judgment

Characteristics test
Receiving the noticeof non-conformity

Yes

Mailing the noticeof non-conformity

Receiving certificate
of conformity

Mailing the notice of
non-conformity

Issuance certificate
of conformity
Registration to the ledger

Yes

Creating own
certification
labels?

No

Public announcement
Orders labelsfrom the TELEC

Creation ofcertification
labels

Acceptance
Notification of orderacceptance

Payment of charges
Receiving of the charges
Submission

Verification
Issuance of certification label

Receiving of thecertification label
Note

Pasting of labels

Figure 7.1-2

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110

Of the low power radio equipment stipulated in Item 3, Article 4 of the Radio Law,applications for the equipment to be connected to the telecommunications circuits shall be
accepted individually or collectively by designated approval institutes (Japan Approvals
Institute for Telecommunications Equipment : JATE) or designated certifying institutes(TELEC).
If the applications are accepted collectively, those for other institutes shall be transferred to
those
concerned. Of the low power radio equipment stipulated by Item 1, Article 4 of the Radio Law,applications for the equipment to be connected to the telecommunications circuits shall be

Flowchart for Document Application ProcedurePHS

7.2 Technical Conditions Compliance Approval based on the
Telecommunication Business Law
7.2.1 Terminal Equipment Approval System
A Terminal Equipment Approval System based on the Telecommunication Business
Law, was enacted in April of 1985 in an effort to establish a liberalized system of
ensuring smoother equipment connection to a network. The JATE grants terminal
equipment compliance approvals in a fair and neutral manner as the sole agency
designated by the MPHPT to perform such duties. The terminals that have been granted
approval can be connected to the public network without the inspection of atelecommunication carrier. Nevertheless, requests for connection should be made to thetelecommunication carriers although they do not have the right to refuse such requests.
The technical conditions and requirements for terminal equipment have been stipulatedon the basis of the following three principles:
Telecommunication network facilities must be protected from damage andimpairment
Shall not cause interference to any other telecommunication user
The demarcation points between a telecommunication carrier facility and theterminal equipment must be clearly defined
The private PS, private CS, and public PS are covered under the definition of terminal
equipment. The public CS equipment, on the other hand, forms telecommunication
carrier facility.

7.2.2 Application Submission
The application for a compliance approval involves submitting the specified application
form for Technical Conditions and/or Requirements Compliance Approval to the JATE
along with the following documents:
Tabular outline of the terminal equipment
Brief description of the equipment
Document describing the equipment’s conformity with technical conditions
and/or requirements
Exterior views
Schematics of circuit connection
Block diagram
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Operational manual
Data guaranteeing the reproducibility of the same equipment
There are three types of approval applications as described below.
Ordinary Approval Application

The application for compliance approval must be submitted separately for eachequipment so long as the equipment is not identical in every respect (color, logo,
design etc.). If an applicant is submitting applications for both the Technical
Conditions and the Requirements Compliance Approval, or for more than one
technical requirement approval for the same equipment at the same time, theapplicant may submit one document for the duplicate portions. In principle,
conformity is examined based on the submitted documents. However, when theinformation contained in the documents proves insufficient, the applicant may berequested to provide additional information and data. In the event that confirmation
can-not be granted even after the additional information has been reviewed, theactual terminal equipment may be examined based on a request from the applicant todo so. A general flow chart of the approval process is shown in Figure 7.2-1.
Partial Modification Approval Application

The Partial Modification Approval Application is applicable to equipment that has
not had any major structural or functional modifications made since the previously
approved model. The permissible differences have been specified for each type ofequipment. In this application, the changes that were made to the previously
approved equipment must be stated clearly. The required documentation is nearly
identical to that of the Ordinary Approval Application.
Name Change Approval Application

The Name Change Approval Application is applicable in cases where the applicant
desires to change the name of a previously approved equipment that was supplied byan Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). This also applies to the cases in which
the applicant has previously received approval for the equipment and desires only tochange the name of the equipment. The acceptable differences between theequipment in question and the already approved equipment are as follows:
Name of equipment

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Applicant

JATE

TELEC

Application
With attacheddocuments

Receipt

Application fee

Receipt of fee*

Receipt( Omitted )No

Complianceconfirmed?

Yes

Submission of
additional data

No

Complianceconfirmed?

Yes

Submission ofequipment itself
On request by theapplicantNo

Notificationof Rejection
Receipt ofCertification

Notificationof Rejection

Notificationof Approval

Complianceconfirmed?
Yes

No

Complianceconfirmed?

Yes

Approval* The dotted line shows additional procedures in the case of radio transmitting terminals (including PHS
equipment except public CS). In this case, application can be submitted to JATE and TELEC separately or canbe submitted to only one body as a whole. In the latter case, appropriate parts of documents are forwarded tothe other body.

Figure 7.2-1

Flowchart of the Approval Process

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Color, logo, painting pattern
Nameplate of equipment, indication of approval
The Name Change Approval Application is also applicable in the case where theapplicant is using OEM equipment composed of parts from a previously approved
equipment and the number of technical requirements for this equipment is less thanthat of the previously approved equipment model.

7.3 Conformance Test based on the ARIB Technical Report
7.3.1 Test Overview
Pretest by the applicant

The pretest must be performed by the applicants themselves, such as by the
manufacturers, before the Conformance Test applications are submitted to the
TELEC. The pretest is conducted according to the test items and test conditions
provided by the ARIB Technical Reports such as RCR TR-23, ARIB TR-T2, andARIB TR-T5 [ARIB Technical Report-T5 (Test items and conditions for private cellstation compatibility confirmation)]. The applicant should test technicalcharacteristics, check protocols, etc. The results from the pretest are submitted to
the TELEC which examines the results as a part of the Conformance Test
application.
Conformance Test by the TELEC

The Conformance Test is conducted by the TELEC at its testing facility. The
TELEC tests the items and conditions of the test in accordance with the ARIB
Technical Reports. The test items are as follows:
Location registration
Outgoing call/Terminating operation
Incoming call/Terminating operation
Handover operation
Authentication and Service Order (SO) writing function
7.3.2 Test Procedure Flowchart
Figure 7.3-1 illustrates a flowchart of the test procedure for the PHS equipment
Conformance Test.
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PHS
Applicant
PHS Equipment

Pretest by Applicant

TELEC
TELEC

Certification as
radio equipment
Examination of pretest results

JATE
Approval as terminal
equipment

Conformance Test
Confirmation of conformance test results
Issuance of certification
Public Announcement
ApplicantIndication of Test Result on leaflets etc. by Applicant

Figure 7.3-1

Flowchart for Conformance Test

7.4 Certification for PHS Equipment Overseas---Singapore CaseStudy
7.4.1 History
The MPHPT and the Telecommunication Authority of Singapore (TAS) mutuallyconfirmed the following details on October 20, 1995 in connection with the introductionof indoor-use PHS (Wireless PBXs, Cordless phones, etc.) in Singapore.
The TELEC shall conduct the necessary testing in order to certify theindoor-use PHS equipment for use in Singapore, then issue a Certificate ofConformity
An outline of the procedure with which the TELEC shall conduct the testingand other tasks
Promotion of information exchange regarding the standards certification
system for indoor-use PHS equipment
Any testing pertaining to network connection, on the other hand, is performed by
TAS based on its own protocols. The criteria of the performance certification
conducted on indoor-use PHS equipment by the TELEC must include functions forsupporting public service. In early October 1995, TAS notified the parties in thetelecommunications field in Singapore of the approval granted for the introduction of
the indoor-use PHS.

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Figure 7.4-1 is a diagram that demonstrates the flow of the type approval process forindoor-use PHS equipment in Singapore.
Japan
Regulatory
authorities

Coordination

TELEC
MPT

Issues a Certificate ofConformity together
with Test Reports 1 & 2
to the applicant

Certification
authority
for PHSequipment

Singapore

1

TELEC checks conformity of
MKK checks conformity ofequipment
equipmentwith
withRCR
RCRSTD-28
STD-28

Test
Report 1

TestingbodiesFigure 7.4-1

Submits the Certificate ofConformity along with Test
Reports 1 & 2 (other items
required include the application
fee, equipment andsupplementary data )Information about
non details ofequipmentterminal
A list of approved equipmentthat has been updated issent periodicallySupplier
Supplier

Test
Report 2

TELEC tests PHS equipment
MKK tests PHS equipment
to determine technicalto determine technicalstandard conformity
standard conformityTA
TA (issuer(issuerofoftype
approvalcertification)
Sapproval
S

TELEC
conductsa a
MKK conducts
conformance
conformancetest
test
on
onthe
thePHS
PHSterminal
terminal

1

Manufacturer
Manufacturer
preparespreparesapplicant’s
applicant's
test reporttest report

Type Approval Process for PHS Equipment used in Singapore

7.4.2 Performance Certification of PHS Equipment for Use in
Singapore
The use of PHS equipment in Singapore requires a type approval issued by TAS who has
jurisdiction over telecommunication affairs in Singapore. TAS specifies that applications
for type approval must be accompanied by a Certificate of Conformity and a test reportissued by the TELEC, that verifies that the equipment conforms to RCR STD-28. The
following is an outline of the performance certification procedure under which the
TELEC issues the relevant certification and test report.
Performance Certification conducted by the TELEC, for a PHS equipment use, will
make maximum use of the data obtained through the Technical Standards Conformity
Certification and Conformance Tests. When a PHS equipment that is up for examination
is similar to an equipment previously certified, the TELEC will verify its performance on
the basis of test data collected by the TELEC in the past. Aside from those test items, theTAS has also established additional test items listed in Table 7.4-2. Moreover, tests must
be conducted to verify the control channel, as the control channels used by the PHS
equipment differ between Japan and Singapore. Once all of these test items have been
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confirmed, the TELEC will issue a Certificate of Conformity. It will also issue a test
report that combines the test data of Table 7.4-1 collected by the TELEC with the test
data of Table 7.4-2 that the TELEC endorsed for the applicant. The results from the
Conformance Test provide a technical guarantee that the indoor-use PHS equipment,
which is intended for use in confined spaces inside a building, can also be used as apublic network terminal in the future.
Table 7.4-1 Test Items for the Certificate
of Conformity with the Technical Standard
1. Transmission characteristics･ Frequency deviation･ Occupied bandwidth･ Spurious emission
Antenna power deviation･intensity･ Adjacent channel leakage power･ Leakage power when carrier wave is off･ Transmission speed ofsignals
modulation
2. Reception characteristics･ Limit of collateral radiation,etc.
3. Others･ Call-name memory device andidentification device

Table 7.4-2

Additional Items for
the Applicant Test

1. Transmission characteristics･ Burst transmission transientcharacteristics
response･ Modulation accuracy･ Housing radiation
2. Reception characteristics･ Reception sensitivity･ Adjacent channel selectivity･ Intermodulation characteristics･ Spurious sensitivity･ Housing radiation･ Reception-level detectivity･ Bit-error-rate floor
characteristics
3. Antennacharacteristics

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Appendix 1:

Comparison with Other Systems

A1.1 Comparison of XGP and other systems
The major technical References of XGP (Comparison with Competing Technology) in
Table A1.1-1.
Table A1.1-1 General Comparison of XGP and, other systems
SystemItems

XGP

Other BWA System-Micro Cell + Macro Cell
-Restricted to Macro Cell
-Mainly adopting micro cells -OneCS
coversin places with heavy traffic
comparatively broad area
-Overlapped coverage of -To
avoid
interference
Cell Structure
multiple cells is allowed
betweeneachother,
overlapped coverage ofmultiple cells is not allowed-Per user data speed can be -Per user data speed tends
Data
maintained high in high to fall when traffic is busy,
traffic due to the multiple as multiple users are
Communication
choices of CS that can concentrated on one CS
Speed
diversify the traffic-Investment
on network -Investment on network
facility can be kept low by facility can be kept low by
Network Structure making use of the existing making use of existing IP
IP network
network-Terminal to CS indoor or -Terminal to CS outdoor
outdoor (Public Mode)
Utilizing Form
-Terminal to CS indoor oroutdoor (Private Mode)*1-No restriction on location of -Delicate design is needed
CS due to dynamic channel to install a CS due to fixed
allotment, which makes channel allotment
amplification of CSs easy
-Amplification is difficult
Channelbecause adjustment with
Allotment Method
the existing cell stations isneeded on adding a new
CS-Standardization
process -WiMAX is adopted in ITU
completed in September advice as one of the IMT2007
2000 methods
Trend-WILLCOM Inc. has started -Standardization of UMB is
studies jointly with AWC in not completed(Nov. 2007)
Thailand to apply XGP
systemItem with *1 means standardization unexecuted.

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Mobile System-Restricted to Macro Cell-One
CS
coverscomparatively broad area
-To
avoid
interference
betweeneachother,
overlapped coverage ofmultiple cells is not allowed-Per user data speed tends
to fall when traffic is busy,
as multiple users areconcentrated on one CS-Investment cost on network
is enormous as network
structure being independent-Terminal to CS outdoor-Delicate design is needed
to install a base station due
to fixed channel allotment-Amplification is difficult
because adjustment withthe existing cell stations isneeded on adding a newcell station-Research and development
concerning Super 3G、4G
is undergoing, although themain stream is GSM of thend
2 generation

PHS

Figure A1.1-1

Micro cell method

Micro cell method uses multiple CSs to cover one area. As a result, users are dispersedon different base stations and data communication speed per user is maximized.

Figure A1.1-2

Macro cell method

A big amount of users are concentrated on one CS, as one base station covers a wide
range of area in macro cell method. As a result, data-transfer velocity per one user tends
to fall.

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Appendix 2:Standards and References

The PHS technology was developed in Japan and standardized by Japanese standards
organizations. The Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB: formerly
RCR) drafted a standard for the PHS Common Air Interface which was published as
RCR STD-28. Meanwhile, the Telecommunication Technology Committee (TTC) has
formulated standards based on ITU-T Recommendations for the PHS User-Network andNetwork-Network Interfaces.
In order for PHS to be used commonly throughout the world, the PHS MoU Group has
been elaborating on the PHS MoU Technical Specifications (PHS MoU TSs) which are
based on ITU-T Recommendations, ARIB Standards, and TTC Standards. These PHS
MoU TSs provide solutions to a wide variety of network and communication needs
throughout the world.
The PHS MoU TSs have the following document numbering scheme.
“X-XXn.nn-mm-TS”
where;
X: Application area of PHS
A=PHS General Description
B=Public PHS system
C=PHS Wireless Local Loop
D=PHS Private System
XX: Categories of Specifications
GN= General
SV= Service
NW= Network
IF= Interface
IW= Internetworking
DT=Dual Mode Terminal
n.nn-mm: Document number and version number
In order to support a multi-manufacturer environment for the PHS equipment, the PHS
MoU TSs define the interface points based on network models.

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◆

Interface Points of Public PHS System

The network model of the public PHS system defined by the PHS MoU Group isCS
shown in Figure A2-1. There
are four major interface points that have IF1 as thecommon air interface, IF2 as the interface between the CS and the PSC, IF3 as
CS from the PSC, and IF4 as another network interface fromanother network interface
the service control point (SCP).
For example, PHS MoU TS referred to as “B-IF2.00-01-TS” means that it is theinterface specification between the CS and the PSC.
PHS NetworkPS

CS

PHS Switching Center
(PSC)
IF2

IF1

Location Register
(SCP)

IF3

IF4

Other Networks

Figure A2-1

Interface Points of Public PHS System

Interface Points of PHS-WLL/FWA System
In the same manner, theCSnetwork model and major interface points of the PHSWLL/FWA system are shown in the Figure A2-2. The system is applied as an
Access Network (AN)CSof the existing network, therefore, the network model does
not include the interface points to/from other networks.

WSU
WIF1
WCS

WLL/FWA Access Controller

Switching Office

(WAC)
WIF2
WPS

Figure A2-2

WIF3Interface Points of PHS-WLL/FWA System

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The PHS MoU TSs are occasionally revised. The latest document list is available fromthe PHS MoU Group for the MoU members and anyone else interested in the PHS
business and its technologies.
The latest PHS MoU TSs can be obtained from the PHS MoU Group website:
http://www.phsmou.org/admin/guest/tech_ts.php

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Appendix 3:
AAS
ADPCM
AN
ATIS
ARIB
ARIB TR-T2
ARIB TR-T5
ARQ
BA
BAIC
BAOC
BIC-roam
BOIC
BOIC-exHC
BPSK
BS
BWA
CCH
CCS No.7
CDMA
CDRS
CFB
CFNRc
CFNRy
CFU
CI
CLIP
CODEC
COT
CPU
CRC

Glossary

Adaptive Array system
Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
Access Network
Alliance of Telecommunications Industry Solutions
Association of Radio Industries and Businesses
ARIB Technical Report-T2 (Test items and conditions for private
personal station compatibility confirmation)
ARIB Technical Report-T5 (Test items and conditions for private cellstation compatibility confirmation)
Automatic Repeat reQuest
Basic Access (ISDN)
Barring of All Incoming Calls
Barring of All Outgoing Calls
Barring of Incoming Calls on roaming outside home country
Barring of Outgoing International Calls
Barring of Outgoing International Calls except call to Home Country
Binary Phase Shift Keying
Billing System / Base Station
Broadband Wireless AccessControl CHannel
Common Channel Signaling No.7/Signaling System No.7 (SS No.7)
Code Division Multiple Access
Call Details Recording System
Call Forwarding on PS Busy
Call Forwarding on PS Not Reachable
Call Forwarding on No Reply
Call Forwarding Unconditional
Channel Identifier
Calling Line Identification Presentation
Coder DECoder
Central Office Terminal
Central Processing Unit
Cyclic Redundancy Check
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CS
CS-ID
CUIP
CUIR
DB
DCA
DECT

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124

DP
DP
DTMF
ETSI

Cell Station
Cell Station IDentification
Calling User Identification Presentation
Calling User Identification Restriction
DataBase
Dynamic Channel Allocation/Dynamic Channel Assignment
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephone (Telecommunications)/Digital
European Cordless Telephone
Dial Pulse
Distribution Point
Dual Tone Multi-Frequency signaling
European Telecommunications Standards Institute

FDD
GSM
GMSK
HC-SDMA
HLR
IAM
I-CDMAIDLC
IMT-2000
IN
IP
IPR
ISDN
ISDN-BA
ISUP
ITU
ITU-R
ITU-T
JATE
LAN
LCC
LCD

Frequency Division Duplex
Global System for Mobile communications
Gaussian filtered Minimum Shift Keying
High Capacity-Spatial Division Multiple AccessHome Location Register
Initial Address Message
Internet Code Division Multiple AccessIntegrated Digital Loop Carrier system
International Mobile Telecommunication-2000
Intelligent Network
Internet Protocol
Intellectual Property Rights
Integrated Services Digital Network
ISDN Basic Access
ISDN User Part
International Telecommunication Union
ITU-Radiocommunication sector
ITU-Telecommunication standardization sector
Japan Approvals institute for Telecommunications Equipment
Local Area Network
Line Concentration Controller
Liquid Crystal Display

LE
MCSB

Local Exchange/Local Switch (LS)Multi-Carrier Synchronous Beamforming

PHS

MF
MIDI
MITF
MODEM
MoU
MPHPT
MS
MSC
OEM
OFDMA
OMC

Multi-Frequency
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
Mobile Internet Access Forum
Modulator DEModulator
Memorandum of Understanding
Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts andTelecommunications, Japan
Mobile Station
Mobile service Switching Center/Mobile Switching Center
Original Equipment Manufacturer
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access
Operation and Maintenance Center

OMS
Operation and Maintenance System
PABX
Private Automatic Branch eXchange (PABX)
PC
Personal Computer
PCM
Pulse Code Modulation
PCT
Personal Communication Telephone
PDA
Personal Digital AssistantPHS
Personal Handyphone System
PHS-UUSPHS User-to-User Signaling
PHS-WLL/FWA PHS based Wireless Local Loop/Fixed Wireless Access
PIAF
PHS Internet Access ForumPIAFS
PHS Internet Access Forum Standard
PIU
PHS Interface Unit
PLMN
Public Land Mobile Network
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol
PR
Preamble
PRU
Physical Resource Unit
PS
Personal Station
PSC
PHS Switching Center
PSK
Phase Shift Keying
PSN
Personal Station Number/PHS Number
PSPDN
Packet Switched Public Data Network
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network/Plain Old Telephone Service
QAM(POTS)
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
MoU
125

PHS

QPSK
QSAFA
RCR
RCR STD-28
RCR TR-23

MoU
126

REP
RF
R-ISDNSA
SCP
SC-FDMA

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Quasi Static Autonomous Frequency Assignment
Research & development Center for Radio system
RCR STandarD-28 (PHS ARIB standard)
RCR Technical Report-23 (ARIB Public PS Compatibility
Confirmation)
REPeater unit
Radio Frequency
Remote ISDN
Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)
Service Control Point
Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access

SD
SD
SDH
SDM
SDMA
SMS
SO
SSP
SSU
STP
Sub
TA
TAP
TAS
TCH
TDD
TDMA
TDSW
TE
TELEC
TS
TS

Subscriber Data
Secure Digital
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
Subscriber Data Management system
Space Division Multiple Access
Short Message Service
Service Order
Service Switching Point
Single Subscriber Unit
Signaling Transfer Point/Signal Transfer Point
Subscriber
Terminal Adapter
Terminal Adapter for PIAFS
Telecommunication Authority of Singapore
Traffic CHannel
Time Division Duplex
Time Division Multiple AccessTime Division SWitch
Terminal Equipment
TELECOM ENGINEERING CENTER
Technical Specification
Transit Switch

TTC
UNI

Telecommunication Technology Committee
User-Network Interface

PHS

USB
UUI
UW
VLR
VPN
WAC
W-CDMA
W-OAM
W-SIM
W-VPN
WCS
WiMAX

Universal Serial Bus
User-to-User Information
Unique Word
Visitor Location Register
Virtual Private Network
WLL Access Controller
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
WILLCOM Optimized Adaptive Modulation
WILLCOM Subscriber Identity Module
WILLCOM Virtual Private Network
WLL Cell Station
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

WLL/FWA
WPS
WSU
WTSC
XGP
8PSK

Wireless Local Loop/Fixed Wireless Access
WLL Personal Station
WLL Subscriber Unit
Wireless Technology and Systems Committee’s
eXtended Global Platform
8 Phase Shift Keying

MoU
127

PHS

Editor’s Note
It has been ten years since PHS service was first started in 1995. In the period,
the service area successfully expanded to China, South East Asia and Central
and South America. And the remarkable technical development has beenachieved for this period from the beginning of the voice service to XGP,
which has been standardized by PHS MoU NWG, through the data
communication service of PIAFS and the packet service, Advanced PHS
service and W-SIM concept. XGP is one of the prosperous solutions for thebroadband era in future.
In Japan, the government has granted the potential operator of Next
Generation PHS the frequency to operate the system commercially, andpreparation work regarding the start of service in the year of 2009 is being
pushed forward.
Due to improvement made to PHS technology and the change of telecom
environment facing PHS, some of the contents in the earlier publishedguidebook (Edition III) in 2004 become stale. This is the reason the SWG3
has revised the old guidebook and published as Edition IV with informationon the latest trend regarding Next Generation PHS included.
We wish this PHS guidebook would be globally used as an introduction to
PHS for people interested in it.
In closing, I would like to express mygratitude to every member of SWG3 who made efforts for editing thisguidebook despite of the pressure of work and to other companies other than
SWG3 members, including TELEC, who worked together with us.

PWG SWG3 members list（Alphabet Order of Last Name）
Atsushi Koseki
WILLCOM, Inc.
*1
Genya Kotani
Mitsubishi Electric Corp.
Ichiro Murata
Hitachi, Ltd.
Kenichi Ohno
Toshiba Corporation
Hiro Osawa
PHSMoU Group V. Security General
Kiyotaka Tsuji
Toshiba Corporation*2
Hiroyasu Yoshida
KYOCERA Corporation

MoU
128

Mr. G.Kotani

Mr. I.Murata

Mr. K.Ohno

Mr. H.Osawa

Chairperson of SWG3,
Promotion WG, PHS MoU Group
July, 2008

*1 : Vice Chairperson of SWG3,

Mr.A.Koseki*2 : Chairperson of SWG3

Mr. K.Tsuji

Mr. H.Yoshida