㉥࡜㟷̿㣗⾜ື࡜グ᠈࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅇ㑊ຠᯝࡢᣢ⥆ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚̿
Ⲷ㔝ᩗᏊ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ᭶ඖᩗ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ
Red & blue: The persistence of the avoidance effect on eating behavior and memory
Keiko OGINO (Gifu University)
Takashi TSUKIMOTO (Gifu University)㏆ᖺ㸪㉥࡟ࡣᅇ㑊ືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㧗ࡵࡿຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪㣗⾜ື࡜グ᠈࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㉥ࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡼࡾලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪⇍ㄒࡢ㢖ᗘホᐃ (അⓎㄢ㢟) ᫬࡟ࣔࢽࢱ࣮࡟⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ⇍ㄒࡢᩥᏐⰍ (㉥ vs. 㟷 vs. 㯮) ࡢ᧯సࢆࡋࡓ᫬ࡢ㣗⾜ືཬࡧㄆ▱࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪㉥࡟ࡼࡿ㣗⾜ື࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ㸪ࢡࢵ࣮࢟ࡢᦤྲྀ㔞࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀ㸪㉥ࡢㄆ▱࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ㸪཯ᛂ᫬㛫࡟ࡢࡳㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ㉥ࡢຠᯝࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡜ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡢ㐪࠸㸪ᛶᕪࡢྍ⬟ᛶཬࡧ㸪ఇ᠁࡟ࡼࡿ㉥ࡢࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ຠᯝࡢపῶࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
Key words: red, avoidance motivation, eating behavior, memoryIssac Newton ࡟ጞࡲࡿⰍࡢ◊✲ࡣከᒱ࡟Ώࡗ

 ྂ᮶ࡼࡾ㸪ୡ⏺୰࡛㸪㉥Ⰽࡣᶒຊ࡟㛵㐃࡙ࡅ࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᡃࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢⰍࡢᛶ

ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (౛㸸ࢼ࣏㉁ࡣ⏕⌮Ꮫࡸ≀⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡅ࡟␃ࡲࡽ࡞

ࣞ࢜ࣥࡢ┿ࡗ㉥࡞࣐ࣥࢺ㸪຾㈇ᡤ࡛ᨻ἞ᐙࡀࡋ

࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪⨾ࡋ࠸ⱁ⾡సရࡸ㢼ᬒࡣே࡟ឤື

ࡤࡋࡤ╔⏝ࡍࡿ㉥࠸ࢿࢡࢱ࢖)ࠋ㉥ࡀᶒຊ࡜⤖ࡧࢆ୚࠼㸪⣚₻ࡋࡓ㢦ࡣᛣࡾ㸪㟷ࡊࡵࡓ㢦ࡣᜍᛧࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࠕ㉥㸻ඃ఩ᛶࡢࢧ࢖ࣥࠖ࡜࠸࠺

ࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺᝟ሗࢆఏ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪᪥ᮏ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡞⌮⏤࡟ࡼࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᕤᴗつ᱁ (JIS) ࡛ࡣ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪⥳ࡣᏳ඲ࡸ⾨⏕㸪࣐ࣥࢻࣜࣝࡢ⩌ࢀࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶᆅ఩ࡢ㧗࠸࢔ࣝⓑࡣᩚ㡻ࢆ♧ࡍⰍ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᏳ඲Ⰽᙬࠖࡀᐃࡵࡽ

ࣇ࢓࢜ࢫࡣ㰯ཱྀ㒊ࡢ㉥ࡳࡀ᭱ࡶ㩭ࡸ࠿࡟࡞ࡾ

ࢀ㸪஦ᴗሙࡸබඹࡢሙ㸪஺㏻ᶵ㛵࡞࡝࡛⅏ᐖࢆ(Setchell & Dixson, 2001)㸪ࢤࣛࢲࣄࣄ࡛ࡣ㡰఩ࡀ㜵Ṇࡋ㸪Ᏻ඲ࢆᅗࡿ┠ⓗ࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (Ọ㧗࠸࡯࡝⬚㒊ࡢ㉥ࡳࡀቑࡍ (Bergman & Beehner,⏣࣭୕ࢶሯ, 2007)ࠋ᭦࡟㸪Ⰽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸

2008)ࠋࡇࡢ㉥ⰍࡣጾᄐⰍ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ㸪┦ᡭ࡟ᑐࡋࡿࡢࡣே㛫ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪㆙࿌Ⰽࡣ㸪࡚⬣ጾࢆ୚࠼ࡿᙺ๭ࢆᣢࡘ (୕ᫍ, 2015)ࠋゝ࠸ᤕ㣗⪅࡟⮬ศࡀ᭷ẘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡋ㸪᥮࠼ࢀࡤ㸪⬣ጾࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿഃ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㉥࡟ࡼᤕ㣗⪅ࡢᨷᧁࢆචࢀࡿ୍✀ࡢಙྕ࡜ࡋ࡚స⏝ࡗ࡚ὀពࡸ㆙ᡄࢆႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡀࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (⠛⏣࣭⸨ᯞ, 2007)ࠋⰍࡣ

₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᅇ㑊ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ≀⌮Ꮫ㸪⏕⌮Ꮫࢆ㉺࠼ࡓព࿡ࢆᣢࡕ㸪✀ࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ (Elliot, Maier, Moller, Friedman, & Meinhardt,࡚㸪ឤ᝟ࡸ⾜ື࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࠋ

2007)ࠋ 







 ㏆ᖺ㸪㉥ࡀᅇ㑊ືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆច㉳ࡉࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪⇍ㄒࡢ㢖ᗘホᐃ (അⓎㄢ㢟)▱ぢࡀ⵳✚ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋMehta & Zhu (2009)᫬࡟ࣔࢽࢱ࣮࡟⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ⇍ㄒࡢᥦ♧Ⰽࢆ᧯ࡣ㸪ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢ⫼ᬒࡢⰍࡀ㉥Ⰽࡢሙྜ㸪㟷సࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢ㣗⾜ືཬࡧㄆ▱㐙⾜࡟ᑐࡍࡿⰍ

Ⰽ࡜ẚ࡭㸪ᅇ㑊㛵㐃ㄒࡢ࢔ࢼࢢ࣒ࣛㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡾලయ

ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ㸪᥋㏆㛵㐃ㄒࡢ࢔ࢼࢢ࣒ࣛㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪Ⰽᙬຠᯝ㸪≉࡟㉥࡟ࡼࡿᅇ㑊ຠᯝࡀ⥅ࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Xia, Song, Wang,⥆ࡋ࡚㣗⾜ື࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡟ࡘ࠸

Tan, & Mo (2016) ࡣ㸪⣽㒊㔜どࡢㄢ㢟 (౛㸸ᰯṇ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ㄆ▱ⓗഃㄢ㢟) ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㉥ࡀᅇ㑊࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⬻ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡜㠃࡟ᑐࡍࡿຠᯝࡢᣢ⥆ᛶࡶ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪෌ྰᐃឤ᝟ࡢ⬻㒊఩ࢆ㈿άࡉࡏ㸪๰㐀ⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟ㄆグ᠈ㄢ㢟ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ㸪➢ྕ໬࡟࠾ࡅࡿグ㖭ㄒࡢ(౛㸸㐲㝸㐃᝿ㄢ㢟) ࡛ࡣ㸪㟷ࡀ᥋㏆ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟

ᥦ♧Ⰽࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ➨஧ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜㛵ࡍࡿ⬻㡿ᇦࢆ㈿άࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋࡉ

ࡍࡿࠋࡽ࡟㸪Elliot et al. (2007) ࡣ㸪㉥࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᅇ㑊ື ௬ㄝࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⰍࡢ▱ぬ࡜㣗⾜ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀᙉࡲࡿ࡜㸪ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᡂ⦼ࡀࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ

ཬࡧ෌ㄆㄢ㢟ࡢ㐙⾜࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ከᑡࡢࢱ࢖࣒ࣛ

」ᩘࡢᐇ㦂ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚♧ࡋࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ၥ㢟෉Ꮚࢢࡀ⏕ࡌࡓሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪Ⰽࡢຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ

ࡢ⾲⣬࡟࠿࠿ࢀࡓ㛗᪉ᙧࡸ෉Ꮚ␒ྕ࡛Ⰽࡢ᧯

࠺ࠋ㣗⾜ື࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪グ㖭᫬࡟㉥ⰍࡢᩥᏐࢆ

సࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᐇ㦂ᐊᐇ㦂ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㧗ᰯࡢᤵᴗ⎔ぢࡓ⩌ࡣ㸪௚ࡢ⩌࡟ẚ࡭㸪㣧㣗≀ࡢᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀᑡቃࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㉥࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᡂ⦼ࡀపୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ

࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋㄆ▱࡬ࡢⰍࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ᳨ウ࡜ࡋぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࡚㸪グ㖭᫬࡟㟷ⰍࡢᩥᏐࢆぢࡓ⩌ࡣ㸪᥋㏆㛵㐃㉥࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㧗ࡵࡽࢀࡓᅇ㑊ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ㸪ㄒ࡬ࡢ෌ㄆ཯ᛂࡀ㏿ࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪㉥Ⰽ㣗⾜ື࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ Khan, Levine,ࡢᩥᏐࢆぢࡓ⩌ࡣ㸪ᅇ㑊㛵㐃ㄒ࡬ࡢ෌ㄆ཯ᛂࡀ

Dobson, & Kralik (2011) ࡣ㸪࢔࢝ࢤࢨࣝࡢ࢜ࢫ

㏿ࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ᭦࡟㸪グ㖭᫬࡟㉥Ⰽࢆぢࡓ⩌ࡀ㸪㉥࠸᭹ࢆ╔⏝ࡋࡓ㣫⫱ဨࡼࡾࡶ㟷ࡸ⥳Ⰽࡢࡣ෌ㄆ⋡ࡀపୗࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

᭹ࢆ╔ࡓ㣫⫱ဨ࠿ࡽ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Genschow, Reutner, & Wänke (2012)᪉ἲࡣ㸪㉥Ⰽࡢࣛ࣋ࣝࡀࡘ࠸ࡓᐜჾ࡟ධࡗࡓ㣧ᩱࡀ㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊ࡢᏛ⏕ 83 ྡࡀ㟷Ⰽࡢࣛ࣋ࣝࡢࡘ࠸ࡓᐜჾࡢ㣧ᩱࡼࡾࡶ㧗ࡃཧຍࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᐇ㦂㏵୰࡟ࢺ࢖ࣞࡢⅭ㏥

ホ౯ࡉࢀࡿ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᦤྲྀ㔞ࡣ㸪㟷Ⰽࡢࣛฟࡋࡓ 1 ྡ㸪ᐇ㦂⤊஢ᚋ࡟ࢪ࣮ࣗࢫࢆᦤྲྀࡋࡓ

࣋ࣝࡢᐜჾࡼࡾࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ㉥

1 ྡࢆศᯒ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋࡓࠋ᭦࡟㸪෌ㄆࡢᖹᆒ཯

ࡀ㣧㣗≀ࡢᦤྲྀ㔞ࢆᑡ࡞ࡃࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ᛂ᫬㛫ࡀᖹᆒ+2SD ௨ୖࡢཧຍ⪅ 9 ྡࢆศᯒ࠿௚ ࡢ 㣗 ရ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ (Bruno,ࡽ㝖እࡋ㸪72 ྡ (⏨ᛶ 12 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 60 ྡ) ࢆㄆMartani, Corsin, & Oleari, 2013; Reutner, Genschow,▱ㄢ㢟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ຠศᯒᑐ㇟ (M = 20.24 ṓ, SD& Wänke, 2015)ࠋ

= 0.57) ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪㣧㣗≀ࡢᦤྲྀ㔞࡟ࡘ࠸࡚௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸪㣗⾜ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿⰍࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨

ࡣ 81 ྡ (⏨ᛶ 14 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 67 ྡ) ࢆ᭷ຠศᯒᑐウࡍࡿ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪㣧㣗≀࡜Ⰽࡀྠ᫬࡟ᥦ♧ࡉࢀ㇟ (M = 20.25 ṓ, SD = 0.58) ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡿ࡜࠸࠺࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ⰽࡢᥦ♧࡜㣧ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ ㄆ▱ㄢ㢟ࡣ㸪ᥦ♧Ⰽ (3 Ỉ‽: ㉥ vs.

㣗≀ࡢᦤྲྀࡢ㛫࡟ࢱ࢖࣒ࣛࢢࡀ⏕ࡌࡓሙྜ࡟

㟷 vs. 㯮) × ⇍ㄒ (3 Ỉ‽: ᥋㏆ vs. ᅇ㑊 vs.

Ⰽࡢຠᯝࡀ⥅⥆ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୰❧) ࡢ 2 せᅉΰྜィ⏬࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (➨ 1 せᅉࡀⰍ࡟ࡼࡿ㣗⾜ື࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡼࡾ᫂☜໬ࡍࡿࡓཧຍ⪅㛫せᅉ㸪➨ 2 せᅉࡀཧຍ⪅ෆせᅉ)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪Ⰽࡢຠᯝࡀ࡝ࢀࡔࡅ⥅⥆ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨

ᦤ㣗ࡣ㸪ᥦ♧Ⰽ (3 Ỉ‽: ㉥ vs. 㟷 vs. 㯮) ࢆ⊂ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

❧ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ㸪ᚑᒓኚᩘࢆྛ㣧㣗≀ࡢᦤྲྀ㔞࡜ࡍ









ࡿ 1 せᅉཧຍ⪅㛫ィ⏬࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

࡜࡚ࡶࡼࡃ┠࡟ࡍࡿ㸫5. ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝┠࡟ࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ

ᐇ㦂ᮦᩱ ࠗ౑࠸᪉ࡢศ࠿ࡿ㢮ㄒ౛ゎ㎡඾࠘(ᑠࡢ 5 ௳ἲ࡛ホ౯ࡍࡿ㢖ᗘホᐃㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋഅ

Ꮫ㤋㎡඾⦅㞟㒊, 2003) ࢆཧ⪃࡟సᡂࡋࡓ᥋㏆Ⓨㄢ㢟⤊஢ᚋ㸪ཧຍ⪅ࡣྠᐊࡢูࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࡟⛣㛵㐃ㄒ 5 ㄒཬࡧᅇ㑊㛵㐃ㄒ 5 ㄒ (௨ୗ㸪ࡑࢀࡒືࡋ㸪ㅰ♩࡜ࡋ࡚‽ഛࡉࢀࡓ࠾ⳫᏊࢆᦤྲྀࡋ࡞

ࢀ᥋㏆ㄒ㸪ᅇ㑊ㄒ࡜࿧ࡪ) ࡜㸪ᒣ⏣࣭∾ᒸ࣭⋢ᒸࡀࡽ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡟ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࠋ5 ศ㛫ࡢࡶࡄࡶࡄ

(2012) ࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓ୰❧ㄒ 40 ㄒࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࢱ࢖࣒⤊஢ᚋ㸪෌ࡧࣔࢽࢱ࣮๓࡟ᡠࡾ㸪അⓎㄢ୰❧ㄒࡢ࠺ࡕ 19 ㄒࢆᅛᐃࡢࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮㢟᫬࡟ぢࡓ⇍ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆุ࣮᩿࢟ࡍࡿ෌ㄆ

࡜ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ྛㄒࢆ㑅ᐃࡍࡿ㝿㸪Ⰽࡸ㣗࡜ᙉㄢ㢟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ෌ㄆㄢ㢟ᚋ㸪ෆ┬ሗ࿌ࡸྠព᭩

࠸㛵㐃ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ 2 Ꮠ⇍ㄒ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺␃ពࡋࡓࡢグධࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸㸪ᐇ㦂ࢆ⤊஢ࡋࡓࠋ඲࡚

(Appendix ཧ↷)ࠋࡢᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡢᐇ㦂ࡀ⤊஢ࡋࡓᚋ㸪඲ཧຍ⪅࡟ ᥋㏆㸭ᅇ㑊ㄒ࡜୰❧ㄒ㸪ィ 30 ㄒࢆࣛࣥࢲ࣒

࣓࣮ࣝ࡟࡚ࢹ࢕ࣈ࣮ࣜࣇ࢕ࣥࢢࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࡟ᥦ♧ࡍࡿഅⓎㄢ㢟ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡜㸪ࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛ
ࢡࢱ࣮ࢆྵࡴィ 50 ㄒࢆࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟ᥦ♧ࡍࡿ෌⤖ᯝㄆㄢ㢟ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ PsychoPy v.2 ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚సᡂ

ࢡࢵ࣮࢟ࡢᦤྲྀ㔞 ྛ⩌ࡢᖹᆒᦤྲྀ㔞ࢆ Table

ࡋࡓࠋഅⓎㄢ㢟ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪ࣔࢽࢱ࣮୰ኸ

1 ࡟♧ࡍࠋศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗ

࡟ὀどⅬ 2000 ms㸪⇍ㄒ 3000 ms㸪౑⏝㢖ᗘホᐃࡓ (F (2, 78) = 3.28, p < .05, ηො 2 = .08)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑

ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࢆ㡰࡟ᥦ♧ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ 1 ヨ⾜࡜ࡋࡓ(Ryan ἲࠋ௨ୗྠᵝ) ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪㉥Ⰽ⩌ࡢ(ィ 30 ヨ⾜)ࠋ෌ㄆㄢ㢟ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪ࣔࢽࢱ᪉ࡀ㯮Ⰽ⩌ࡼࡾࢡࢵ࣮࢟ࡢᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡗ

࣮୰ኸ࡟ὀどⅬ 2000 ms ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓᚋ㸪⇍ㄒࡀࡓ (p < .05)ࠋ

1 ࡘᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡀࠕF ࣮࢟ (new)ࠖ

ࢪ࣮ࣗࢫࡢᦤྲྀ㔞 ྠᵝ࡟㸪⤖ᯝࢆ Table 1 ࡟♧ࡲࡓࡣࠕL ࣮࢟ (old)ࠖࢆᢲࡋ࡚෌ㄆุ᩿ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࡍࠋศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ⰽࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ḟࡢ෌ㄆヨ⾜࡟㐍ࢇࡔ (ィ 50 ヨ⾜)ࠋࡗࡓ (F (2, 78) = 1.01, n.s.)ࠋ

 㣧㣗≀࡜ࡋ࡚ཧຍ⪅ 1 ྡ࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ࣈࣝ࣎ࣥࣉ

ࢳࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࠕࣇࣛࣥࢫࣂࢱ࣮ࡢࢡࢵ࣮࢟ࠖ(ᰴᘧ఍♫ࣈࣝ࣎ࣥ) 16 ಶ࡜࢝ࣝࣆࢫ࢛࣮࢘ࢱ࣮ (࢝Table 1ࣝࣆࢫᰴᘧ఍♫) 100 ࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒ

ྛᥦ♧Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒᦤྲྀ㔞࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪࢀࢆධࢀࡿᐜჾ (ⓑ↓ᆅ) ࡟ࡣ㸪┤ᚄ 15 cm ࡢ⇍ㄒࡢᥦ♧Ⰽ

⣬─࡜ᐜ㔞 160 ml ࡢ⣬ࢥࢵࣉࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ

㉥

㟷

㯮

 㣧㣗᫬ (௨ୗ㸪ࡶࡄࡶࡄࢱ࢖࣒) ࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮

ࢡࢵ࣮࢟ (ಶ)

4.33 (3.10)

4.96 (3.17)

6.74 (4.18)

ࢺࡣ㸪ྜィ 20 㡯┠࡛ᵓᡂࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ

ࢪ࣮ࣗࢫ (g)73.4 (25.6)

81.2 (23.2)

82.4 (22.1)

࡟ࡣ㸪Ⰽぬ㞀ᐖࡢ᭷↓࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ၥ࠺㡯┠ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡣ㸪ฟ㌟㒔㐨ᗓ┴ࡸ⾑ᾮᆺ

Table 2࡞࡝ᅇ⟅ࡀᐜ᫆࡞㡯┠࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᐇ㦂⪅ࡢ᭹ࡢⰍࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᤼㝖ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᐇྛᥦ♧Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ᖹᆒ෌ㄆ཯ᛂ᫬㛫 (ms) ࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㦂⪅ࡣⓑ⾰ࢆ╔⏝ࡋ㸪ཧຍ⪅ࡢ┠࡟ධࡿ⠊ᅖ࡟㸪⇍ㄒࡢᥦ♧Ⰽ

ࣔࣀࢡࣟ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᮌ┠ㄪࡢࡶࡢࡔࡅ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ
࠺࡟࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ㓄៖ࡋࡓࠋᡭ⥆ࡁ ಶู࡟ᐇ㦂ᐊᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸㸪അⓎㄢ㢟㸪ࡶࡄࡶࡄࢱ࢖࣒㸪෌ㄆㄢ㢟ࡢ㡰࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋഅ
Ⓨㄢ㢟ࡣ㸪ࣔࢽࢱ࣮ୖ࡟ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿ⇍ㄒࢆࠕ1.

㉥

㟷

㯮

᥋㏆㛵㐃ㄒ

854 (150.2)

838 (205.3)

871 (155.7)

ᅇ㑊㛵㐃ㄒ

934 (231.3)

853 (164.0)

832 (101.5)୰❧ㄒ

961 (238.5)

892 (206.2)

823 (92.7)

 









෌ㄆ཯ᛂ᫬㛫 ྛ⩌ࡢᖹᆒ෌ㄆ཯ᛂ᫬㛫ࢆᶆ ‽ ೫ ᕪ ࡣ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ .09 (SD = .05) 㸪 .11 (SDTable 2 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ2 せᅉศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪2 ࡘࡢ= .07)㸪.01 (SD = .05) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ (Fs <1.60, n.s.)㸪஺ᯝ㸪㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (2, 69) = 0.42, n.s.)ࠋ஫స⏝ࡀ࣐࣮ࢪࢼ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡗࡓ (F (4, 138) = 2.42,᳨ฟឤᗘ d’ྛ⩌ࡢᖹᆒ᳨ฟឤᗘ d’ࢆ Table 4ηො 2p = .07)ࠋ༢⣧୺ຠᯝࡢ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜࡟♧ࡍࠋ2 せᅉศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ⰽࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ

ࡇࢁ㸪୰❧ㄒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⰍࡢຠᯝ (F (2, 207) = 3.36,

㠀᭷ពࡔࡗࡓࡀ (F (2, 69) = 0.97, n.s.)㸪⇍ㄒࡢ୺p < .05)㸪㉥Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇍ㄒࡢຠᯝ (F (2, 138) =ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (2, 138) = 42.88, p < .001,

4.33, p < .05) ࡀ᭷ព࡛㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㡯┠࡟ࡣ᭷ពηො 2p = .38)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪᥋㏆̿୰❧ (p < .001)㸪

ᕪࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (Fs < 2.07, n.s.)ࠋ᭦࡟㸪ከᅇ㑊̿୰❧ (p < .001) ࡟᭷ពᕪࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪᥋㏆

㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪୰❧ㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㉥̿㯮 (p < .05)㸪

̿ᅇ㑊࡟ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ஺஫స⏝㉥Ⰽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚୰❧ㄒ̿᥋㏆ㄒ (p < .005)㸪ᅇ㑊ㄒࡀ࣐࣮ࢪࢼࣝ (F (4, 138) = 2.04, p < .10, ηො 2p = .06)

̿᥋㏆ㄒ (p < .05) ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㡯┠࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛㸪༢⣧୺ຠᯝ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

㉥Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇍ㄒࡢຠᯝ(F (2, 138) = 17.84,ṇ෌ㄆ⋡ ྛ⩌ࡢᖹᆒ෌ㄆ⋡ࢆ Table 3 ࡟♧ࡍࠋp < .001)㸪㟷Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇍ㄒࡢຠᯝ (F (2, 138) =඲యⓗ࡟ኳ஭ຠᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀ㸪2 せᅉ

23.83, p < .001)㸪㯮Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇍ㄒࡢຠᯝศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪⇍ㄒࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㠀᭷ព(F (2, 138) = 5.30, p < .01) ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ௚(F (2,138) = .05, n.s.)㸪Ⰽࡢ୺ຠᯝࡀ࣐࣮ࢪࢼࣝ

ࡢ㡯┠࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (Fs < 2.27,(F (2, 69) = 2.50, p < .10, ηො 2p = .07)㸪஺஫స⏝ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (4, 138) = 2.96, p < .05, ηො 2p = .08)ࠋ

n.s.)ࠋ᭦࡟㸪ከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪㉥Ⰽ࡟࠾࠸༢⣧୺ຠᯝ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪᥋(p < .001)㸪㟷Ⰽ࡟࠾࠸࡚୰❧̿᥋㏆ (p < .001)㸪

㏆ㄒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⰍ (F (2, 207) = 5.35, p < .01)㸪㯮Ⰽ୰❧̿ᅇ㑊 (p < .001)㸪㯮Ⰽ࡟࠾࠸࡚୰❧̿᥋㏆࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇍ㄒ (F (2, 138) = 3.10, p < .05)㸪࣐࣮ࢪ(p < .01)㸪୰❧̿ᅇ㑊 (p < .01) ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢼ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪ᅇ㑊ㄒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⰍ

௚ࡣ㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

(F (2, 207) = 2.52, p < .10)㸪㟷Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇍ㄒุ᩿ᇶ‽ β ྛ⩌ࡢᖹᆒ᳨ฟឤᗘ β ࢆ Table 5 ࡟(F (2, 138) = 2.35, p < .10) ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㡯┠♧ࡍࠋ2 せᅉศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ⰽࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㠀࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (Fs < 0.52, n.s.)ࠋ᭦࡟㸪᭷ពࡔࡗࡓࡀ (F (2, 69) = 0.63, n.s.)㸪⇍ㄒࡢ୺ຠከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪᥋㏆ㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㯮̿㟷ᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (2, 138) = 30.94, p < .001,(p < .005)㸪㉥̿㟷 (p < .05) ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢηො 2p = .31)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪᥋㏆̿୰❧ (p < .001)㸪

௚ࡢ㡯┠࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ᅇ㑊̿୰❧ (p < .001) ࡟᭷ពᕪࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪᥋㏆⹫෌ㄆ⋡ ㉥㸪㟷㸪㯮ྛ⩌ࡢᖹᆒ⹫෌ㄆ⋡ཬࡧ̿ᅇ㑊࡟ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪

Table 3

Table 4ྛᥦ♧Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒ෌ㄆ⋡࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪྛᥦ♧Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒ᳨ฟឤᗘ d’࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪp < .10,࡚୰❧̿᥋㏆ (p < .001)㸪୰❧̿ᅇ㑊⇍ㄒࡢᥦ♧Ⰽ

⇍ㄒࡢᥦ♧Ⰽ

㉥

㟷

㯮

㉥

㟷

㯮

᥋㏆㛵㐃ㄒ

.94 (.11).87 (.13).97 (.08)

᥋㏆㛵㐃ㄒ

2.53 (0.38)

2.31 (0.33)

2.55 (0.35)ᅇ㑊㛵㐃ㄒ.91 (.13).90 (.15).97 (.08)

ᅇ㑊㛵㐃ㄒ

2.47 (0.39)

2.38 (0.43)

2.55 (0.38)୰❧ㄒ.93 (.13).90 (.15).91 (.09)

୰❧ㄒ

2.93 (0.42)

2.84 (0.57)

2.79 (0.55)









Table 5

Table 6ྛᥦ♧Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒุ᩿ᇶ‽ β ࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪྛᥦ♧Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢ
ᖹᆒᦤྲྀ㔞࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪ⇍ㄒࡢᥦ♧Ⰽ
㉥

㟷

㯮

᥋㏆㛵㐃ㄒ

1.52 (0.65)

1.85 (1.12)

1.36 (0.61)

ᅇ㑊㛵㐃ㄒ

1.63 (0.81)

1.64 (0.95)

1.34 (0.61)

୰❧ㄒ

0.97 (0.61)

1.04 (0.90)

1.11 (0.87)⇍ㄒࡢᥦ♧Ⰽ
㉥㟷㯮ࢡࢵ࣮࢟ (ಶ)

4.14 (2.67)

4.68 (3.01)

5.96 (3.45)

ࢪ࣮ࣗࢫ (g)76.0 (24.7)

81.1 (21.6)

80.7 (23.2)

Table 7ྛᥦ♧Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢ

஺஫స⏝ࡀ᭷ពࡔࡗࡓࡓࡵ (F (4, 138) = 2.93,
p < .05,ηො 2p = .08)㸪༢⣧୺ຠᯝ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇᖹᆒ෌ㄆ཯ᛂ᫬㛫 (ms) ࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪ⇍ㄒࡢᥦ♧Ⰽ

ࢁ㸪㉥Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇍ㄒ (F (2, 138) = 14.42,
p < .001)㸪㟷Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇍ㄒ (F (2, 138) = 20.04,

㉥

㟷

㯮

p < .001) ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㯮Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇍ㄒ

᥋㏆㛵㐃ㄒ

817 (103.5)

813 (156.2)

872 (164.1)(F (2, 138) = 2.35, p < .10) ࡀ࣐࣮ࢪࢼ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾ㸪ᅇ㑊㛵㐃ㄒ946 (242.9)

850 (158.0)

824 (103.3)

ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㡯┠࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ୰❧ㄒ950 (239.7)

875 (167.0)815 (93.1)(Fs < 2.14 , n.s.)ࠋ᭦࡟㸪ከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪㉥Ⰽ⩌࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᥋㏆̿୰❧ (p < .001)㸪ᅇ㑊̿୰❧

Table 8(p < .001) ࡜㸪㟷Ⰽ⩌࡟࠾࠸࡚᥋㏆ㄒ̿୰❧ㄒྛᥦ♧Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢ

(p < .001)㸪᥋㏆ㄒ̿ᅇ㑊ㄒ (p < .001)㸪ᅇ㑊ㄒ̿ᖹᆒ෌ㄆ⋡࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪ୰❧ㄒ (p < .001) ࡟᭷ពᕪࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ⇍ㄒࡢᥦ♧Ⰽ

㡯┠࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
㏣ຍศᯒ ዪᛶࡼࡾࡶ⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⦖ᙇࡾࡸᆅ
఩࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ㉥࡟ࡼࡿᅇ㑊ຠᯝࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᛶᕪࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

㉥

㟷

㯮

᥋㏆㛵㐃ㄒ

.93 (.11).87 (.11).96 (.08)ᅇ㑊㛵㐃ㄒ

.92 (.13).90 (.15).96 (.08)୰❧ㄒ

.93 (.06).91 (.10).90 (.09)(e.g., Ioan, Sandulache, Avramescu, Ilie, Neacsu,
Zagrean, & Moldovan, 2007; Gnambs, Appel, &Batinic, 2010; Shibasaki & Masataka, 2014)ࠋࡇࡢ
ᛶᕪࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪㏣ຍศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿
ࡋ㸪ᮏᐇ㦂ࡢཧຍ⪅ࡣዪᛶࡀ኱༙ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⏨ᛶࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ⤫ィศᯒ࡟⪏࠼ᚓࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ዪᛶࡢࡳࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛㏣ຍศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪⏨ᛶ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ㸪඲యⓗศᯒ࡜ዪᛶࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡢศᯒ࡜ࡢẚ㍑࡟ࡼ
ࡾ㸪㉁ⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ
ዪᛶࡢࢡࢵ࣮࢟࡜ࢪ࣮ࣗࢫࡢᦤྲྀ㔞 ྛ⩌ࡢᖹᆒᦤྲྀ㔞ࢆ Table 6 ࡟♧ࡍࠋศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᦤྲྀ㔞࡜ࡶ㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (Fs (2, 64)< 2.02, n.s.)ࠋ

ዪᛶࡢ෌ㄆ཯ᛂ᫬㛫 ྛ⩌ࡢᖹᆒ෌ㄆ཯ᛂ᫬
㛫ࢆ Table 7 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ2 せᅉศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪஺஫స⏝࡟᭷ពᕪࡀぢࡽࢀ (F (4, 114) = 3.47,
p < .05, ηො 2p = .11)㸪௚ࡢ㡯┠࡛ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
(Fs < 2.19, n.s.)ࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪༢⣧୺ຠᯝࡢ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪᭷ពࡔࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪୰❧ㄒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
Ⰽ (F (2, 171) = 3.10, p < .05)㸪㉥Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇍ㄒ(F (2, 114) = 6.71, p < .005) ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࣐࣮ࢪࢼࣝ
ࡔࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪ᅇ㑊ㄒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⰍ (F (2, 171) = 2.78,
p < .10) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㡯┠࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡀ
ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (Fs < 1.19, n.s.)ࠋ᭦࡟㸪ከ㔜ẚ
㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪୰❧ㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㉥̿㯮 (p < .05)㸪

 

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





Table 9̿୰❧ (p < .001)㸪ᅇ㑊̿୰❧ (p < .001) ࡀ᭷ྛᥦ♧Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒ᳨ฟឤᗘ d’࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪᥋㏆̿ᅇ㑊ࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪஺஫స⏝ࡀ࣐࣮ࢪࢼࣝ (F (4, 114) = 2.19,⇍ㄒࡢᥦ♧Ⰽ㉥㟷㯮

p < .10, ηො 2p = .07) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪༢⣧୺ຠᯝ᳨᥋㏆㛵㐃ㄒ

2.52 (0.39)

2.32 (0.35)

2.53 (0.37)

ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪㉥Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇍ㄒࡢຠᯝᅇ㑊㛵㐃ㄒ

2.49 (0.46)

2.38 (0.44)

2.53 (0.40)(F (2, 114) = 11.47, p < .001)㸪㟷Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇍ㄒ୰❧ㄒ

2.89 (0.46)

2.78 (0.60)

2.74 (0.55)

ࡢຠᯝ (F (2, 114) = 12.84, p < .001) ࡀ᭷ព࡛㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㡯┠࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ

Table 10

(Fs < 1.31, n.s.)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ྛᥦ♧Ⰽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒุ᩿ᇶ‽ β ࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㉥Ⰽ⩌࡟࠾࠸࡚᥋㏆̿୰❧ (p < .001)㸪ᅇ㑊̿୰❧ ( p < .001) 㸪 㟷Ⰽ ⩌࡟ ࠾ ࠸࡚ ᥋㏆ ̿ ୰❧⇍ㄒࡢᥦ♧Ⰽ㉥㟷㯮(p < .001)㸪ᅇ㑊̿୰❧ (p < .001) ࡛᭷ពᕪࡀぢ᥋㏆㛵㐃ㄒ

1.56 (0.70)

1.81 (1.09)

1.38 (0.64)ࡽࢀ㸪௚ࡢ㡯┠࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ᅇ㑊㛵㐃ㄒ

1.63 (0.86)

1.62 (0.62)

1.36 (0.62)

୰❧ㄒ

1.01 (0.62)

1.18 (0.90)

1.18 (0.90)⪃ᐹ㣗⾜ື࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㉥ࡢຠᯝ ᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪஦๓࡟㉥ࢆぢࡓཧຍ⪅ࡣ㯮ࢆぢࡓཧຍ⪅ࡼࡾࡶࢡࢵ

ᅇ㑊ㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㉥̿㯮 (p < .05)㸪㉥Ⰽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
୰❧ㄒ̿᥋㏆ㄒ (p < .005)㸪ᅇ㑊ㄒ̿᥋㏆ㄒ
(p < .005) ࡟᭷ពᕪࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㡯┠ࡣ㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ዪᛶࡢṇ෌ㄆ⋡ ྛ⩌ࡢᖹᆒ෌ㄆ⋡ࢆ Table 8࡟♧ࡍࠋ2 せᅉศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪࡝ࡢኚືᅉࡶ
᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (Fs < 1.92, n.s.)ࠋ
ዪᛶࡢ⹫෌ㄆ⋡ ㉥㸪㟷㸪㯮ྛ⩌ࡢᖹᆒ⹫෌ㄆ
⋡ཬࡧᶆ‽೫ᕪࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ.09 (SD = .05)㸪.11(SD = .07)㸪.10 (SD = .06) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋศᩓศᯒࡢ
⤖ᯝ㸪㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (2, 57) = 0.30, n.s.)ࠋ
ዪᛶࡢ᳨ฟឤᗘ d’ ྛ⩌ࡢᖹᆒ᳨ฟឤᗘ d’ࢆTable 9 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ2 せᅉศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪⇍ㄒࡢ୺ຠᯝࡢࡳࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (2, 114) = 27.97,
p < .001, ηො 2p = .33)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪୰❧̿᥋㏆ (p < .001)㸪୰❧̿ᅇ㑊 (p < .001) ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪᥋㏆̿ᅇ㑊ࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ዪᛶࡢุ᩿ᇶ‽ β ྛ⩌ࡢᖹᆒ᳨ฟឤᗘ β ࢆ
Table 10 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ2 せᅉศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ⰽࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ (F (2, 57) = 0.38, n.s.)㸪
⇍ㄒࡢ୺ຠᯝࡀ᭷ពࡔࡗࡓ (F (2, 57) = 21.24,
p < .001, ηො 2p = .27)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪᥋㏆࣮࢟ࡢᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪Genschow
et al. (2012) ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ≉࡟㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ⰽࡢᥦ♧࡜㣧㣗≀ࡢᦤྲྀ࡟ 10ศ⛬ᗘࡢࢱ࢖࣒ࣛࢢࡀ⏕ࡌࡿᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㣗⾜ື࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㉥Ⰽࡢຠᯝ࡟
ࡣከᑡࡢᣢ⥆ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
୍᪉㸪ࢪ࣮ࣗࢫࡢᦤྲྀ㔞࡟㉥ࡢຠᯝࡣㄆࡵࡽ
ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡣ 2 ࡘࡢ⌮⏤ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
➨୍࡟㸪ᮏ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ 2018 ᖺ 6 ᭶୰᪪࠿ࡽ 7᭶୰᪪ࡣ⊛ᬬࡢ᪥ࡀከࡃ㸪㉥Ⰽ࡟ࡼࡿᢚไຠᯝ
ࢆᡴࡕᾘࡍ࡯࡝ࡢཱྀῬ≧ែࡀᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅࡟⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㐺㔞࡜᝿ᐃࡋࡓࢪ࣮ࣗ
ࢫ 100 ࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂᫬ᮇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㣧ࡳษࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ➨஧࡟㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡜ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡢ㐪࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋGenschow et al.
(2012) ࡣ㸪ヨ㣧࡜ホ౯ࡢᐇ㦂࡜⛠ࡋ࡚㸪᭱ึ࡟ཧຍ⪅ࡣỈࢆ㣧ࡳ㸪ࡢ࡝ࡢῬࡁࡢಶேᕪࢆ⦆࿴
ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ㸪3 ✀㢮ࡢ࠾Ⲕࢆྛ 100 ml ࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࢪ࣮ࣗࢫ࡜ࢡࢵ࣮࢟ࡣ
ࠕᐇ㦂ཧຍ࡬ࡢ࠾♩ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ࡋ㸪ᐇ㦂ពᅗࢆᝅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᐇ㦂㛤ጞ๓࡟Ỉࡢᦤྲྀࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔ㸪ᩘ್ୖ㸪㉥Ⰽ⩌ࡀ᭱ࡶᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㣧ᩱࢆ⏝࠸ࡿሙ



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ྜࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂≧ἣࡢὀព῝࠸ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ

ࡼ࠺࡟㸪㉥࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡓᅇ㑊ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ

࡚᥎ィᏛⓗ࡞ຠᯝࡀ᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄆ▱ฎ⌮࡟཯ᫎࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡣ㸪ㄆ▱ㄢ ᛶᕪ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㏣ຍศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࢡࢵ࣮࢟ࡢᦤ

㢟ࡢ≉ᛶ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࢀࡤ㸪Mehta & Zhuྲྀ㔞࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪඲ཧຍ⪅ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢศᯒ࡛ぢࡽ(2009) ࡢ▱ぢ࡜ᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ⤫୍ࢀࡓⰍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢪⓗ࡟ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

࣮ࣗࢫࡢᦤྲྀ㔞࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ඲ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢศᯒ࡜

ణࡋ㸪㉥࡟ࡼࡿࡇࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ឤᗘࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࡣ㸪ྠᵝ㸪ዪᛶࡢࡳࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣぢ඲యศᯒࡸ㏣ຍศᯒࡢ㟷Ⰽ⩌࡜㯮Ⰽ⩌࡜ẚ㍑

ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⏨ᛶࢹ࣮ࢱࡢศᯒࡀ⾜࠼࡞࠸Ⅼࡍࢀࡤ㸪᥋㏆ㄒ࡬ࡢឤᗘ⮬యࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛

࡛㉁ⓗ࡞グ㏙࡟␃ࡲࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㣗⾜ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᅇ㑊ㄒࡸ୰❧ㄒ࡬ࡢឤᗘࡀపୗࡋࡓ࠿

ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㉥࡟ࡼࡿᅇ㑊ຠᯝࡣዪᛶࡼࡾࡶ⏨ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ

ᛶࡢ᪉࡟⏕ࡌࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸

඲యࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ዪᛶࢹ࣮ࢱࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜㸪㉥ࢆ࠼㸪ዪᛶࡢࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶᩘ್ⓗ࡟ࡣ㉥Ⰽ⩌ࡀぢࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ዪᛶࡣ᥋㏆ㄒ࡬ࡢ཯ᛂ᫬㛫ࢡࢵ࣮࣭࢟ࢪ࣮ࣗࢫ࡜ࡶ࡟᭱ࡶᦤྲྀ㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࢆపࡵ㸪ᅇ㑊ㄒ࡬ࡢ཯ᛂ᫬㛫ࢆቑࡸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡼࡾཝᐦ࡞ᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡾࡑࡢຠᯝ

ࡲࡓ㸪㟷⩌ࡢዪᛶࡣ᥋㏆ㄒ࡬ࡢ཯ᛂ᫬㛫ࢆపࡵ㸪ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ேࠎࡢ೺㯮⩌ࡣ඲య࡜ዪᛶ࡛ࡉ࡯࡝཯ᛂ᫬㛫࡟㐪࠸ࡀᗣ࡟㈨ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛㸪㣗⾜ື࡟ᑐࡍࡿⰍࡢຠ࡞࠸ (ࡇࢀࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶᩘ್ୖ࡛ࡢẚ㍑࡟㐣ࡂᯝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࣭ண㜵་Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࡢᒎ㛤ࡀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪௒ᚋࡢᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶࢮᮇᚅࡉࢀࡼ࠺ (e.g., Rohr, Kamm, Koenigstorfer,࡛ࣟࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺)ࠋ཯ᛂ᫬㛫࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㉥ࡢຠᯝ

Groeppel-Klein, & Wentura, 2015; Sonnenberg,࡟ࡣ㸪⇍ㄒࡀᣢࡘᅇ㑊ㄒࡢព࿡ࡢඛ㗦໬ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪Gelsomin, Levy, Riis, Barraclough, & Thorndike,ᅇ㑊ㄒ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ▱ぬⓗ㜵⾨2013)ࠋ

(perceptual defense) ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄆ▱㜈ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿᛶ෌ㄆグ᠈࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㉥ࡢຠᯝ ௨ୗ㸪෌ㄆ࡟㛵ࡍ㉁ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ (⤖ᯝⓗ࡟㸪᥋㏆ㄒ࡟ࡿᣦᶆࡈ࡜࡟⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ

ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ๓㏙ࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞㧗ࡲࡾࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ)ࠋࡉࡽ

཯ᛂ᫬㛫  ㉥Ⰽ⩌࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪᥋㏆ㄒ࡬ࡢ཯࡟㸪ዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ

ᛂࡀ௚ࡢ⇍ㄒ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㏿࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪཯ᛂ࠸ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

᫬㛫࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௬ㄝࢆᨭᣢࡋ࡞࠸⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ ṇ෌ㄆ⋡  ᥋㏆ㄒ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㟷Ⰽࢆぢࡓ⩌ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪㉥Ⰽࡀᅇ㑊ㄒࡢฎ⌮ࢆಁ㐍ࡏࡎ㸪ࡴࡢṇ෌ㄆ⋡ࡀ௚ࡢ⩌࡟ẚ࡭ప࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࡋ ࢁ ᢚ ไ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ Ⅼ ࡛ Mehta & Zhu

ឤ᝟࡜ㄆ▱ฎ⌮ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋே

(2009) ࡢ࢔ࢼࢢ࣒ࣛㄢ㢟ࡢ▱ぢ࡜␗࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢ

㛫ࡢᛮ⪃ࡣ㸪⮬ືⓗ࡛㏿ࡃ㸪ឤ᝟ⓗ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒

┦㐪ࡣ㸪ㄆ▱ㄢ㢟ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞

1 ࡜㸪ព㆑ⓗ࡛㐜ࡃ㸪ᐈほⓗ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ 2 ࡟ศ࠸ࠋ෌ㄆㄢ㢟ࡣ⇍ㄒࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡅࡽࢀࡿ (e.g., Stanovich & West, 2000)ࠋࡇࡢ࠺

ࡑࡢᩥᏐิࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃព࿡ࡶ⣲᪩ࡃ▱ぬࡉࢀࡕ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ 2 ࡣ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡿࠋ㉥Ⰽ࡟ࡼࡾᅇ㑊ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓཧຍ⪅ࡼࡾ⢭⦓࡞᝟ሗฎ⌮ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚

ࡣ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ᝟ሗ࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤᗘࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟㧗࠸ࡿ (Schwarz, 1990)ࠋ㟷Ⰽࢆぢࡓேࡣ㸪㯮Ⰽࡸࡲࡾ㸪Ᏻ඲࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿ᥋㏆ㄒ࡬ࡢ෌ㄆ཯ᛂࡀ㏿㉥Ⰽ࡟ẚ࡭㸪᥋㏆ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪┦ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉㸪࢔ࢼࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ

ᑐⓗ࡟࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡑࢀ⮬య࡛ࡣලయⓗ࡞ព࿡ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪(Xia et al., 2016)ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪㟷Ⰽ࡛ᩥᏐࢆぢࡓᅇ㑊ືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡓཧຍ⪅ࡣ㸪᥋㏆ࡼࡾேࡣ㸪㉥Ⰽࡸ㯮Ⰽࢆ┠࡟ࡋࡓேࡼࡾࡶࢩࢫࢸ࣒

ࡶᅇ㑊ⓗ࡞ព࿡ࢆ௜୚ࡋࡸࡍ࠸≧ែ࡛࢔ࢼࢢ

2 ࡀྖࡿグ᠈ฎ⌮ࡢ⢭⦓ࡉࡀపୗࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡟㸪࣒ࣛㄢ㢟ࢆゎࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ

ṇ෌ㄆ⋡ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪㟷 









Ⰽࡢ᥋㏆ㄒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ➢ྕ໬ฎ⌮ࡢ⢭⦓ࡉࡀపࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣࡴࡋࢁグ㏙⤫ィᏛⓗ࠶ࡿୗࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

࠸ࡣ㉁ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡘ⿵㊊ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋ࠿࡞࠸

 ㏣ຍศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪඲యศᯒ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡓ᭷ព࡞ຠ

ࡇ࡜ࢆ௜グࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋᛶᕪ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡓᯝࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᩘ್ⓗ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡵ࡟㸪༑ศ࡞ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ⏨ዪࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿

ࡕࡽࡶ࡯ࡰྠࡌࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ዪᛶࡢࡽ᳨ウࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ሙྜࡣྛỈ‽ࡢṇ෌ㄆ⋡ࡢᕪࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚

ᮏ◊✲ࡢ㈉⊩࡜ㄢ㢟 ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪㉥ࢆぢ࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔ㸪ṇ෌ㄆ⋡ࡣ඲య࡛࡚࠿ࡽࢱ࢖࣒ࣛࢢࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ᅇ㑊ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟

ࡶዪᛶࡢࡳ࡛ࡶ࡯ࡰኳ஭ຠᯝ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛㸪㛵ࢃࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ㣗⾜ືཬࡧ෌ㄆグ᠈࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚෌ㄆㄢ㢟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ

࠿࡝࠺࠿᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ㈇Ⲵࢆ㧗ࡃࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

㣧㣗࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㉥ࡢᢚไⓗ࡞ຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௬ㄝ⹫෌ㄆ⋡  ⹫෌ㄆ⋡࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㉥ࡢຠᯝࡣ㸪ࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㉥ࡀᣢࡘᅇ㑊ືᶵ࡙ࡅ඲యศᯒ㸪㏣ຍศᯒ࡜ࡶ≉࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿຠᯝࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪෌ㄆ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㉥᳨ฟឤᗘ d’  d’࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪୰❧ㄒࡢ᳨ฟࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௬ㄝࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ࡞ឤᗘࡀ௚ࡢ⇍ㄒ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࣀ࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪Ⰽࡀ෌ㄆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᵝࠎ࡞ഃ㠃࡟࢖ࢬศᕸ࡜ࢩࢢࢼࣝศᕸࡢ㛫㝸ࡀ୰❧ㄒ࡛᭱ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲࡟ࡶ኱ࡁ࠸㸪ࡘࡲࡾ௚ࡢ⇍ㄒࡼࡾࡶᘚูࡋࡸࡍ࠸

ࡼࡗ࡚㐍ᒎࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣᮏ◊✲ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪d’ࡣⰍࡢᙳ㡪ࡢᐇ᪋࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡿㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ࢆཷࡅࡎ㸪⇍ㄒࡢព࿡ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜

࠼࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡲࡎ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ࡟ࡼࡾ㉥ࡢຠᯝࡀ㍍ῶ

ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢ඲యศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ஺஫స⏝࡟ᇶ࡙ࡉࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋRoskes, Elliot, & De Dreu࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㏣ຍศᯒ࡛ࡣࡇࡢ஺஫స⏝(2014) ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪㉥ࡢㄆ▱ᡂ⦼ࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿຠ

ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⇍ㄒࡢ୺ຠᯝ࡜

ᯝࡣ㸪ఇ᠁ (break) ࢆྲྀࡿࡇ࡜࡛㍍ῶࡉࢀࡿࡇ

ࡋ࡚୰❧ㄒࡀ௚ࡢ⇍ㄒࡼࡾ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋᩘ್ୖࡶ

࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕࡶࡄࡶࡄ

࡯ࡰྠࡌࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪஺஫స⏝࡟㛵ࡍࢱ࢖࣒ࠖࡣ㣗⾜ືࡸㄆ▱࡟ᑐࡍࡿⰍࡢຠᯝࡸࢱ

ࡿ⤖ᯝࡢ㐪࠸ࡣᜍࡽࡃ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝ

࢖࣒ࣛࢢࡢࡓࡵ࡟タᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕࡶࡄࡶࡄࢱ࢖

ࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪࣒ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅࡟⏝࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ㸪d’࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ≉࡟ᛶᕪࡣ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ఇ᠁࡜ᩍ♧ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪ᐇ㦂ࡢ୍㐃ࡢᡭ⥆ ุ᩿ᇶ‽ β  ㉥Ⰽ⩌࡜㟷Ⰽ⩌࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୰ࡁ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅࡟ᩍ❧ㄒࡀ௚ࡢ⇍ㄒ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ β ࡀప࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௚᪉㸪♧ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ෆほሗ࿌࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ᩘྡࡢཧຍ⪅ࡀ㯮Ⰽ⩌࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ࠕఇ᠁ࠖ࡜ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢࡶࡄࡶ

ࡉࡽ࡟㸪㟷Ⰽ⩌࡛ࡣ᥋㏆ㄒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ β ࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗ࡄࢱ࢖࣒ࡀ Roskes et al. (2014) ࡢᐇ㦂࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㉥࡜㟷࡟ࡣ᥋㏆ㄒ࡜ఇ᠁࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅࡟ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡋ

ᅇ㑊ㄒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿุ᩿ᇶ‽ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ

ࡲ࠸㸪㉥ࡢຠᯝࢆ㍍ῶࡉࡏࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡿࠋణࡋ㸪ࡇࡢఇ᠁࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝపῶࡀ㸪㉥Ⰽ่

 ㏣ຍศᯒࡶ඲యศᯒ࡜኱ࡁ࡞ᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

⃭࡟᫹ࡉࢀ࡚࠿ࡽࡢࢱ࢖࣒ࣛࢢ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡞

ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ุ᩿ᇶ‽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠶ࡲࡾᛶࡢ࠿㸪ᩥᏐ㏻ࡾఇ᠁࡟ࡼࡿࣜࣛࢵࢡࢫຠᯝ࡟ࡼ

ᕪࡀ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ

ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡣᐃ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㉥࡟ࡼࡿㄆ▱ᡂ ௨ୖࡢ⪃ᐹࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪㏣ຍศᯒ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࠿

⦼ࡢపୗ࡟స⏝ࡍࡿຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿ㝿ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂ࡽࡣඛ⾜◊✲࡛୺ᙇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡯࡝㸪⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ཧຍ⪅ࡀࢱ࢖࣒ࣛࢢࢆࠕఇ᠁ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅྲྀࡽ

ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿഴྥࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆྲྀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ









 ḟ࡟㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄢ㢟ࡢせồỈ‽ࡢR.,ឤࡌ᪉ࡀ␗࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾⰍࡢຠᯝࡀపῶ

psychological functioning: The effect of red onࡉࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋStone (2003) ࡣ㸪పせồㄢ

performance attainment. Journal of Experimental㢟ࡢᡂ⦼ࡣ㟷Ⰽࡢ⎔ቃୗ࡛㧗ࡲࡾ㸪㧗せồㄢ㢟Psychology: General, 136 (1), 154-168.

& Meinhardt,

J.

(2007).

Color

and

ࡢᡂ⦼ࡣ㉥Ⰽࡢ⎔ቃୗ࡛㧗ࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿

Genschow, O., Reutner, L., & Wänke, M. (2012).

࡟ࡋࡓࠋ෌ㄆㄢ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿෆほሗ࿌࠿ࡽ㸪෌ㄆThe color red reduces snack food and soft drinkㄢ㢟ࡢ㞴᫆ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤࡌ᪉ࡀᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅㛫

intake. Appetite, 58 (2), 699-702.

࡛␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡶࡋࡑ࠺

Gnambs, T., Appel, M., & Batinic, B. (2010). Color࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪෌ㄆㄢ㢟ࢆ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ឤࡌࡓேࡀ

red in web-based knowledge testing. Computers㉥Ⰽ⩌࡛࠶ࡗࡓ᫬㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ෌ㄆㄢ㢟ࢆ⡆༢ࡔ

in Human Behavior, 26 (6), 1625-1631.

࡜ឤࡌࡓேࡀ㟷Ⰽ⩌࡛࠶ࡗࡓ᫬࡟㸪ࡑࡢேࡢᡂ

Ioan, S., Sandulache, M., Avramescu, S., Ilie, A.,⦼ࡣ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡢ

Neacsu, A., Zagrean, L., & Moldovan, M. (2007).

୺ほⓗ࡞㞴᫆ᗘࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Ⰽ࡟ࡼࡿㄆ▱࡬Red is a distractor for men in competition.

ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ㍍ῶࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸㸪௬ㄝࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿ⤖Evolution and Human Behavior, 28 (4), 285-295.

ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࡣ㸪ㄢ

Khan, S. A., Levine, W. J., Dobson, S. D., & Kralik,㢟ࡢ㞴᫆ᗘࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓୖ࡛సᡂࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࢆ

J. D. (2011). Red signals dominance in male⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡼࡾ᫂☜࡞Ⰽ࡟ࡼࡿㄆ▱࡬ࡢᙳrhesus macaques. Psychological Science, 22 (8),㡪ࢆぢฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

1001-1003.

 ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪⇍ㄒࡢタᐃࡀ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶ

Mehta, Z., & Zhu, R. J. (2009). Blue or red?

࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪᥋㏆࣭ᅇ㑊ㄒࢆ㑅ᐃࡍࡿ

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Appendixᐇ㦂࡛⏝࠸ࡓㄒ
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