医学部進学予備校メビオ

解答速報
関西医科大学（前期） 英語

2024年1月27日実施

Ϝʖέմ౶

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‫ى‬फ़մ౶

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29

using antibiotics inappropriately / eating an unhealthy diet30

But people grow33

The dietary fiber found in plants

31

Researchers don’t yet

32proteinsï
The proportion of people aged 65 and over will be eight times higher in 2060 than in 1940,
while the proportion of people aged under 15 will fall steadily to around 10% of the total population
by 2030 and then level off. The proportion of people aged 15-64 will gradually decrease by about
10% between 1940 and 2060, representing about half of the total population.
This remarkable decline in the birthrate will pose a serious threat to Japanese society. A
shrinking workforce means a depletion of welfare budget to support the lives of the elderly. Japan
should make serious efforts to increase the birthrate to sustain our society. (108 words)ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨʽմઈʾᶙ࣏͹ชহΝಣΊɾͨΗͶକ͚໲͏Ͷ౶͓Γɽ

1 [಼༲Ҳ஗ʀ෈Ҳ஗]ʰ1 ͖Δ 20 Ͷ‫ͱؖ͢‬ɾຌชͶॊ͑ͳɾช͗ਜ਼͢͏͖ɾؔҩͮͱ͏Ζ͖ɽਜ਼͢͜Ηͻ“a” Νɾؔҩͮͱ͏Ηͻ “b” Νࣙ෾͹մ౶༽ࢶͶϜʖέͦΓʱ̏ ʰʲZ ੊େʳϞʖϔϟϱφ͹ϟϱώʖͺɾ‫ܠ‬ଵు࿫ϟʖΩʖͶΓΖɾ‫حؽ‬͹қਦద͵੓೵ఁԾͶଲͤΖ߇
٠ͳ͢ͱɾηϜʖφϓΧϱΝࣼͱͱ͏Ζʱ౶͓ͺ bɿ୊ 1 ஊཚ୊ 1 ชͶʰZ ੊େ͹ؔͲͺɾηϜʖφϓΧϱΝΏΌͱɾੴ͵͗Δ͹ϓϨρϕϓΧϱ
Ώηϧ΢χϓΧϱ͹Γ͑͵ʲηϜʖφͲͺ͵͏ʳ‫ܠ‬ଵు࿫Ͷ໯ͨ͑ͳ͏͑ಊ͗͘߶Ήͮͱ͏Ζʱͳ͍Ζ͗ɾͨΗ͗߇٠ߨಊͲ͍Ζͳ൓இͤΖࠞ‫ڎ‬ͺຌชͶͺ‫ݡ‬౲ͪΔ͵͏͹Ͳɾ͞͹અ໲಼༲ͺ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζɽ̐ ʰธࠅͶ͕͜ΖϓϨρϕϓΧϱ͹൤ജୈ਼ͺɾZ ੊େͶ଒ͤΖऑ೧૜͹ؔͲਕ‫࠸͗ـ‬೫ͪ͢͞ͳͶΓΕɾ
1990 ೧େൔͻ͖Δ 2000 ೧େͶ͖͜ͱ͹൤ജୈ਼Ν৏յͮͱ͏Ζʱ౶͓ͺ bɿ൤ജୈ਼Ͷ‫ͱؖ͢‬ɾ͖ͯͱͳ‫Ͳࡑݳ‬ർֳͲ͘Ζ਼஍ͺຌชͶͺ‫ݡ‬౲ͪΔ͵͏͹Ͳɾ͞͹અ໲಼༲ͺ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζɽ̑ʰऑ͏ਕͪͬͺɾ1990 ೧େΏ 2000 ೧େ͹‫ܠ‬ଵు࿫͹υδ΢ϱ͹ιϱη͹͵͠ͶዾષͳͤΖʱ౶͓ͺ bɿZ ੊େ͗ 1990 ೧େΏ 2000 ೧େ͹‫ܠ‬ଵు࿫Ͷյ‫͏ͱ͢ؾ‬Ζ͞ͳͺͤͲͶ໲ 1 Ͳ΍֮೟ࡃΊͲ͍Εɾ͞͹અ໲಼༲ͺͨ͹઴఑ͶൕͤΖ͹Ͳɾ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζɽ̒ʰ1990 ೧େ͖Δ 2000 ೧େͶ͖͜ͱҲൢదͫͮͪɾ࢘͏ࣼͱΩϟϧ͹Γ͑͵੣඾͗࠸;ਕ‫ـ‬ΝॄΌͱ͏Ζʱ౶͓ͺ aɿ୊ 3 ஊཚ୊ 2 ช͗ࠞ‫͵ͳڎ‬Ζɽͨ͹ 1 ช͹қັͺʰ਼͞͞೧ɾY2K ϓΟρεϥϱͺ஥ࣰͶ෰‫׈‬Νਲ਼͝ɾ࢘͏ࣼͱΩϟϧ͹Γ͑͵ϲΡϱτʖζʀτέόϫζʖ͹࢘༽΍ଁ͓ͱ͏ΖʱͲ͍ΖɽY2K ͳ
ͺ “year 2000” Νනͤྲྀ‫͍Ͳޢ‬Εɾ2000 ೧઴‫ޛ‬Ͷླྀߨͪ͢ϓΟρεϥϱ͹࠸೫Νනͤ͹Ͷ༽͏ΔΗͱ͏Ζɽ̓ʰ࠹ۛ͹ 1990 ೧େ͖Δ 2000 ೧େͶ͖͜ͱ͹ϓΟρεϥϱΏτέόϫζʖ͹Ϩώ΢ώϩͺɾգ‫ڊ‬͹߀ෳ͵࣎େ͹મ୔ద͵յ૟Ͷ‫͚Ͱخ‬ʲ‫࣎͘ྒྷ͘ݻ‬େʳ΃͹ಎΗͳ΍‫͏ͱ͢ܐؖ‬Ζʱ౶͓ͺ aɿ୊ 4 ஊཚͳɾ୊ 5 ஊཚ͗ࠞ‫͵ͳڎ‬ΖɽͨΗΔ͹қັͺʰͨ͹࠸೫͹ཀྵ༟ͺ͏͚͖͍ͯΖɽόηνϩζΠͳཀྵ૟Կ͠Ηͪգ‫΃ڊ‬͹ಎΗɾʲυζνϩυφρέηʳ͹ࣰߨɾͨ͢ͱϕϧ΢ώεʖ΃͹‫ݔ‬೨͹߶ΉΕ͵ʹͲ͍ΖɽόηνϩζΠͳͺɾϛζτΡϔ͵‫ى‬ԳΝࢧ͏ड़ͤ͞ͳͲɾཀྵ૟Կ͠Ηͪգ‫ڊ‬͹߀ͦ͵‫״‬৚Ͷ࠸;ͯ͵͗Ζ͞ͳͶ‫ؖ‬ΚΖ෵ࡸ͵‫״‬৚Ͳ͍ΖʱͲ͍Ζɽઅ໲‫ޛ‬ൔ͹ “a longing for the ‘good olddays’ based on selective recollection of happy times in the past” ͗ nostalgia ͹‫͏ͱͮ͵ͳ͓׷͏ݶ‬Ζ͞ͳ͗
୊ 5 ஊཚͲ֮೟Ͳ͘Ζɽ̔ʰόηνϩζΠʀϜʖίτΡϱήͳͺɾ‫ࠄ߁͗ۂة‬ΫϡϱϘʖϱͶ͕͏ͱɾভඇं͹գ͙‫ͪͮڊ‬ೖʓ͹ս͖͢͏ࢧ͏ड़ͳࣙऀϔϧϱχΝ݃;ͯ͜ΖͪΌͶ༽͏ΖકྲྀͲ͍Ζʱ౶͓ͺ aɿ୊ 6 ஊཚ୊ 2 ช͗ࠞ‫͵ͳڎ‬Ζɽͨ͹ 1 ช͹қັͺʰͨΗʤʻόηνϩζΠʀϜʖίτΡϱήʥͺɾգ‫ڊ‬ͶΉͯΚΖϛζτΡϔ͵‫ى‬ԳΏ‫״‬৚Ν‫͢༽׈‬ɾভඇंͳ͹‫״‬৚ద͵ͯ͵͗ΕΝਫ਼Ίड़ͤʱͲ͍
Ζɽ̕ʰϜʖίτΡϱή௒ࠬͶΓΖͳɾҲൢভඇं͹ؔͲͺɾόηνϩζΠ͹߶ΉΕͳ߬ഛқཋͳ͹ؔͶ‫ٱ‬͹૮‫͍͗ܐؖؖ‬Ζ͞ͳ͗ࣖ͠Ηͱ͏Ζʱ౶͓ͺ bɿ “reverse correlation” ͺ “negative correlation” ʰෝ͹૮‫ؖ‬ʱͳಋͣ͞ͳΝනͤ͗ɾ͞Ηͺ୊ 7ஊཚ͹಼༲ͶൕͤΖɽͨ͹ 1 ช͹қັͺʰ๝෍͵‫ͤࣖ͗ڂݜ‬ͶͺɾόηνϩζΠͺɾভඇं͹ࢩ෹͏қҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨཋΝ߶Όɾϔϧϱχͳ͹݃;ͯ͘Ν‫ک‬Όɾ߬ഛқཋΝ߶ΌɾυζνϩʀϔϧϱχʀΦϱΰʖζϟϱφΝ
߶ΌΖ͹ͫʱͲ͍Ζɽ΋͢Θਜ਼͹૮‫͗ؖ‬੔Εཱིͯ͹Ͳɾ͞͹અ໲಼༲ͺ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζɽ̖ʰόηνϩζΠʀϜʖίτΡϱήͺऑ͏੊େͶͺްՎ͗͵͏ɽ൶Δͺ‫حؽ͏ݻ‬Ν࢘ͮͱүͮͪΚ͜Ͳͺ͵͏͖Δͫʱ౶͓ͺ bɿ୊ 8 ஊཚ઴ൔͶʰόηνϩζΠͺɾਕʓ͗ϓϨρϕϓΧϱΝ߬೘ͤΖࡏ͹ഐ‫ܢ‬Ͷ͍ͮͱ‫ݬ‬ಊྙͶ͵ͮͱ͏Ζ͹͖΍͢Η͵͏ʱͳ͍Εɾ‫ݳ‬ͶϓϨρϕϓΧϱΝ߬೘͢ͱ͏Ζ͹͗ऑं੊େͲ͍Ζ͞ͳ
͖ΔͤΖͳɾ͞͹અ໲಼༲ͺ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζɽ̗ʰʲυζνϩυφρέηʳΝߨ͑৖߻ɾͨ͹‫ݺ‬ਕͺҲఈ‫ؔغ‬υζνϩ‫حؽ‬͹࢘༽Ν߉͓Ζ͞ͳͶ͵Ζʱ౶͓ͺ aɿ୊ 13 ஊཚ୊ 2 ช͗ࠞ‫͵ͳڎ‬Ζɽͨ͹ 1 ช͹қັͺʰυζνϩυφρέηͳͺɾ෼ཀྵద͵੊ֆͲ͹ਕͳ͹ͯ͵͗ΕͶॄ஦͢ɾηφϪηΝܲ‫ͤݰ‬ΖͪΌͶɾηϜʖφϓΧϱ͵ʹ͹ుࢢ‫حؽ‬͹࢘༽Ν߉
͓Ζ‫ؔغ‬ΝࢨͤʱͲ͍Ζɽ

10 ʰ2022 ೧ͶΩψξͲࣰࢬ͠Ηͪ௒ࠬͲͺɾࢧॡ‫غ‬͹յ౶ंͺ 1 ೖฑ‫ۋ‬༁ 192 ෾͹ηέϨʖϱν΢ϞΝգͪ͟͢ͳյ౶͢ͱ͏Ζʱ౶͓ͺ bɿ୊ 14 ஊཚ୊ 2 ชͲफ़΄ΔΗͱ͏Ζ͹ͺɾʰ୉ਕʱ͹ࣙ‫ހ‬ๅࠄͲ͍Εɾࢧॡ‫غ‬͹ऑंͲͺ͵͏ɽ‫ٱ‬Ͷ୊ 14 ஊཚ୊ 3 ชͲफ़΄ΔΗͱ͏Ζ͹ͺʰࢢʹ΍ͳऑंʱ͹਼஍ͫ͗ɾ192 ෾Ͷͺ͵Δ͵͏ɽͨΗΔ͹қັͺʰΩψξͲͺɾ2022 ೧Ͷ੔ਕ͗ηέϨʖϱ͹઴Ͳգͤ࣎ؔ͟ͺ 1 ೖ༁ 3.2 ࣎ؔͳࣙ‫ހ‬ਅࠄ͢ͱ
͏Ζɽࢢ‫ͳڛ‬ऑंͺɾ2016 ೧ͳ 2017 ೧Ͷ 1 ೖ͍ͪΕ༁ 3 ࣎ؔ͹ηέϨʖϱν΢ϞΝգ͟͢ͱ͏ͪʱͲ
͍ΖɽҐ৏͖Δɾ͞͹અ໲಼༲ͺ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζɽ11ʰΩψξਕ͹༁ൔ਼͗ɾ৺Ζ௜઴ͶηϜʖφϓΧϱΝοΥρέ͢͵͏ͳ͵͖͵͖৺෉͜͵͏ͳյ౶͢ͱ
͏Ζʱ౶͓ͺ bɿ୊ 15 ஊཚ୊ 1 ชͲफ़΄ΔΗͱ͏Ζ͹ͺɾηϜϙ͹գౕ͵࢘༽͗ਯເ্֒ͳ͏ͮͪ໲ୌΝӀًͤ͘͞ɾͳ͏͑͞ͳͲ͍Εɾಋஊཚ୊ 2 ชͶफ़΄ΔΗͱ͏Ζ͹ͺɾʰΩψξਕ͹ 50ˍ‫͗ک‬ɾ৺Ζ઴ͶηϜʖφϓΧϱΝοΥρέ͢ͱ͏Ζʱͳ͏͑ࣆࣰͲ͍Ζɽ͞͹಼༲͖Δɾઅ໲Ͳफ़΄ΔΗͪʰηϜϙΝοΥρέ͢͵͏ͳ৺෉͜͵͏ʱͳ͏͑ҾՎ‫ܐؖ‬ͺ֮೟Ͳ͘͵͏͹Ͳɾ͞͹અ໲಼༲ͺ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζɽ

12ʰଳ౸೵͹ఁԾͺɾυζνϩժ໚͹ϔϩʖϧ΢φͶ͠Δ͠Ηͪ݃Վɾϟϧφωϱ͹ࢊਫ਼͗ཊ੏͠ΗΖ͞ͳͶ‫ؖ‬࿊ͤΖৼཀྵద໲ୌ͹ҲͯͲ͍Ζʱ౶͓ͺ bɿ୊ 16 ஊཚͲ “reduced glucose tolerance” Ͷͯ͏ͱफ़΄ΔΗͱ͏Ζ͗ɾ͞Ηͺ “physiologicalissues” ʰਫ਼ཀྵָద໲ୌʱͲ͍ͮͱɾઅ໲Ͷ͍ΖΓ͑Ͷ “psychological issues” ʰৼཀྵָద໲ୌʱͲͺ͵͏͹Ͳɾ͞͹અ໲಼༲ͺ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζɽ

13ʰυζνϩαϋέτΡϑτΡ͹޴৏ͺɾऀճదαϋέτΡϑτΡ͹ఁԾΝড͘ɾͽ͏ͱͺଲਕ‫ܐؖ‬ηΫϩͶѳӪ‫ڻ‬Ν‫ͤ·ٶ‬Ն೵੓͍͗Ζʱ౶͓ͺ aɿ୊ 17 ஊཚ࠹शช͗ࠞ‫͵ͳڎ‬Ζɽͨ͹ 1 ช͹қັͺʰ৙ͶϋρφͶৰΗͱ͏Ζͳɾਕͳ͹ͯ͵͗Ε͗‫س‬മͶ͵Εɾਕؔ‫ܐؖ‬ΏऀճదηΫϩͶѳӪ‫ڻ‬Ν‫ͳͤ͞·ٶ‬΍͍ΖʱͲ͍Ζɽ14ʰஸंͺɾਫ਼ై͹஭қྙ͹ఁԾΝດΌ߻ΚͦΖͪΌͶɾ‫Ͳ࣪گ‬ͺௗ࣎ؔ͹ॄ஦͗චགྷͫͳफ़΄ͱ͏Ζʱ౶͓ͺ bɿ͞͹Γ͑͵಼༲ͺຌชͶͺ‫ݡ‬౲ͪΔ͵͏͹Ͳɾ͞͹અ໲಼༲ͺ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζɽ

15ʰडΝ઴Ͷౙ͢͵͗ΔηϜʖφϓΧϱΝௗ࣎ؔ࢘༽ͤΖ͞ͳͶΓΖѳ͏ࢡ੐ͺɾड͹௩ΊΝ΍ͪΔ͑͢Ζʱ౶͓ͺ aɿ୊ 19 ஊཚ͗ࠞ‫͵ͳڎ‬Ζɽͨ͹қັͺʰτΫηφϋρέͳ‫ͻݼ‬ΗΖබ‫ـ‬ͺɾਕ͗ుࢢ‫حؽ‬Ͷௗ࣎ؔ໪Ν޴͜ͱ͏Ζͳً͞ΖՆ೵੓͍͗ΖɽಆΝ઴Ͷౙͤ͞ͳ͹ൕ෰దෝ՛ͶΓΕɾडͶ෈չ‫״‬Ώ௩Ί͗ਫ਼ͣ͑ΖʱͲ͍Ζɽҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

16ʰ૿Խޮ֒͹਼஍Ν‫ݔ‬೨͢ͱ͏Ζ͹ͲɾηϜʖφϓΧϱ͖ΔϓϨρϕϓΧϱ΃͹ഛ͏଺͓Νમ୔ͤΖਕ΍͏Ζʱ౶͓ͺ bɿ୊ 18 ஊཚ୊ 1 ชΏ୊ 20 ஊཚ࠹शชͶ༽͏ΔΗͱ͏Ζ “digital nose” ͳͺࣰࡏ͹ό΢θɾ૿Խ͹͞ͳͲͺ͵͚ɾηϜϙ͵ʹ͹ుࢢ‫حؽ‬Ν࢘༽ͤΖ͞ͳͲ‫ͤݩܨ‬Ζ஭қྙΏॄ஦Ν֒ͤΖགྷҾ͹͞ͳ
Ͳ͍Ζɽͨ͹͞ͳͺ৏फ़͹୊ 18 ஊཚ୊ 1 ช͹಼༲͖Δ΍ಣΊखΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζɽͨ͹ 1 ช͹қັͺʰηϜʖφϓΧϱΏ TikTok ͹Γ͑͵ΠϕϨ͹ઊ͓ؔ͵͏υζνϩό΢θΏϜϩονηέ͹੓࣯ͺɾ஭қྙ͹ఁԾΝ΍ͪΔͤՆ೵੓͍͗ΖʱͲ͍ΖɽҐ৏͖Δɾ͞͹અ໲಼༲ͺ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζ

17 ʰ‫ݳ‬େ͹ηϜʖφϓΧϱͶ౧ࡎ͠Ηͱ͏Ζ਼ଡ͚͹߶ౕ͵ΠϕϨͶΓͮͱɾ֦Ϥʖδʖͺଠ͹ଡ਼͹ਕʓ͹‫ݺ‬ਕυʖνͶΠέιηͤΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζʱ౶͓ͺ bɿ୊ 21 ஊཚ࠹शชͲफ़΄ΔΗͱ͏Ζ͹ͺɾʰʤηϜϙ͹߶ౕ͵‫ؽ‬೵ʥͺͤ΄ͱɾ૮౲͵ྖ͹‫ݺ‬ਕυʖνΝฯଚ͢ɾͨΗͶΠέιηͤΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζʱͳ͏͑͞ͳͲ͍Εɾ͞͞Ͳ͹ʰ‫ݺ‬ਕυʖνʱͳͺηϜϙ͹࣍ͬक͹ʰ‫ݺ‬ਕυʖνʱͲ͍Ζɽ୊ 22 ஊཚ࠹शชͲफ़΄ΔΗͱ͏ΖΓ͑Ͷɾ෈ಝఈଡ਼͹‫ݺ‬ਕυʖνΝཤ༽ͤΖՆ೵੓͍͗Ζ͹ͺɾ‫ۂة‬ΏΨϱϧ΢ϱʀϕϧρφϓΧʖϞͲ͍Ζɽͨ͹ 1 ช͹қັͺʰࣙ෾͹υʖν͗‫ۂة‬ΏΨϱϧ΢ϱʀϕϧρφϓΧʖϞͶΓͮͱʹ͹Γ͑Ͷफॄ͠Ηɾ‫༙͠ڠ‬Ηɾཤ༽͠Ηͱ͏Ζ͖Ͷ‫ৼؖ‬Ν࣍ͯਕ͗ଁ͓ͱ͏ΖʱͲ͍ΖɽΓͮͱɾ֦Ϥʖδʖ͗ଠ͹ଡ਼͹ਕʓ͹‫ݺ‬ਕυʖνͶΠέιηͤΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζɾͳ͏͑અ໲಼༲ͺ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζɽ
18ʰΨϱϧ΢ϱʀγʖϑηʀϕϫώ΢ξʖΏͨ͹ଠ͹‫ݺ͗ۂة‬ਕ৚ๅΝफॄ͢ɾཤ༽ͤΖ๏๑Ͷͯ͏ͱɾཤ༽ं͹қࣟ͗߶Ήͮͱ͏Ζʱ౶͓ͺ aɿ୊ 22 ஊཚ࠹शช͗ࠞ‫͵ͳڎ‬Ζɽͨ͹ 1 ช͹қັͺઅ໲ 17 Ͳࣖͪ͢ͳ͕ΕͲ͍Ζɽ

19ʰηϜʖφϓΧϱͳർֳ͢ͱɾ‫خ‬ຌద͵‫ܠ‬ଵు࿫ͺɾϤʖδʖ͹υʖν͹फॄͳฯଚ͹ιΫϣϨτΡ͗߶ౕͲ͵͏ͪΌɾ৚ๅ࿛Ӱً͗͞ΕΏͤ͏ʱ౶͓ͺ bɿ୊ 24 ஊཚ͹͕Γͨ͹қັͺʰੴ͵͗Δ͹ϓϨρϕϓΧϱͺҲൢదͶɾηϜʖφϓΧϱͳർֳ͢ͱɾ‫ݺ‬ਕυʖνΝफॄʀฯଚͤΖ‫ؽ‬೵͗ঙ͵͏ɽͨ͹ͪΌɾϕϧ΢ώεʖΏυʖν͹࿛Ӱɾ؄ࢻΝ‫ݔ‬
೨ͤΖਕʓͶͳͮͱɾΓΕຳྙద͵મ୔ࢸͳ͵ΕಚΖʱͲ͍ΖɽΓͮͱɾ͞͹અ໲಼༲ͺ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζɽ

20ʰ੊ֆ஦͹Ձඨຬਕ΍͹Ϥʖδʖ͗ɾηϜʖφϓΧϱͳϓϨρϕϓΧϱ͹ྈ๏Νॶ༙ͤΖ͞ͳΝમ୔͢ͱ͕Εɾྈ๏͹ྒྷ͠Ν࠹୉‫ڙݸ‬णͲ͘ΖΓ͑Ͷ͢ͱ͏Ζʱ౶͓ͺ bɿ࠹शஊཚ͹͕Γͨ͹қັͺʰ͖͢͢ɾ͞͹ܑ޴ͺηϜʖφϓΧϱ͗ഉΗͱ͏Ζ͞ͳΝқັ͢͵͏ɽࠕͲ΍੊ֆ஦Ͳຘ೧਼ඨຬୈ͹ηϜʖφϓΧϱ͗ड़՛͠Ηͱ͏Ζɽͨ͹ܑ޴͖ΔɾϤʖδʖͺηϜʖφϓΧϱͳϓϨρϕϓΧϱ͹ྈ๏Νॶ༙ͤΖ͞ͳΝમ;ɾͨΗͶΓΕλʖεϡϩϟυΡΠ͹ཤ఼Νٚ੝ͶͤΖ͞ͳ͵͚ɾυζνϩυφρέηΏηέϨʖϱν΢Ϟ͹୻क़͗Ն೵Ͷ͵Ζ͖΍͢Η͵͏ʱͲ͍Ζɽ‫਼Ͳ఼࣎ݳ‬ඨຬਕ͹Ϥʖδʖ͗ྈ๏Νॶ࣍͢ͱ͏Ζͳ͏͑ࣆࣰͺ֮೟Ͳ͘͵͏͹Ͳɾ͞͹અ໲಼༲ͺ‫ޣ‬ΕͲ͍Ζɽ࣏͹ชহΝಣΊɾͨΗͶକ͚໲͏Ͷ౶͓Γɽჟ
21[಼༲Ҳ஗]ʰຌชͶॊ͏ɾҐԾ͹મ୔ࢸ͖Δਜ਼͢͏ 1 ͯ͹ชΝમ;ɾࣙ෾͹մ౶༽ࢶͶϜʖέͦΓʱ౶͓ͺ cɿ
aɿʰҲౕɾର಼͹༙ӻ͵ඏਫ਼෼͗ഃշ͠ΗΖͳɾࢴͪͬͺ࠸;ͨΗΝखΕ໯ͤ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘͵͏ʱਜ਼͚͢͵͏ɽ௜ં͹ࠞ‫͵ͳڎ‬Ζ֚౲෨෾ͺ‫ݡ‬౲ͪΔ͵͏͗ɾ୊ 8 ஊཚ୊ 1 ชͳ୊ 2 ชͶɾʰ΍͢͞ΗΔ
͹༙ӻ͵ඏਫ਼෼͗ɾର಼Ͳൡ৫͢ͱ͏͵͏͵Δɾ༙֒͵ඏਫ਼෼͗ͨ͞Ͷ೘Εࠒ΋‫ڬ‬Η͍͗Ζɽͫ͗‫ڂݜ‬ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨͶΓΗͻɾ༙ӻ͵ඏਫ਼෼ͺɾର಼Ͷட੷ͤΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζʱͳ͍Ζ͹Ͳɾ͞ΗΝघ͖͗ΕͶͤΗͻɾ༙ӻ͵ඏਫ਼෼ͺɾഃշ͠ΗͥͶட੷ͤΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζͳմए͢ͱΓ͏ɽbɿ
ʰC. difficile ‫״‬ઝ঳͗Ӏًͪ͘͢͞බ‫ـ‬Νɾҫࢥ͗͞ΗΉͲ͹‫ྭ׵‬ద͵๏๑Ͳ࣑ྏͤΖ͞ͳͺɾർֳద༲
ҝͲ͍Ζʱਜ਼͚͢͵͏ɽ୊ 11 ஊཚ୊ 3 ชͶʰ͞͹බ‫ـ‬ͺ͵͖͵͖࣑ྏ͢Ͷ͚͏ʱͳ͍Εɾ͞ΗͶ߻஗͢͵͏ɽcɿʰงสҢ৪ྏ๑Νणͪ͜‫ं׳‬͹༁ 90ˍ͗ɾC. difficile ‫״‬ઝ঳Νࠂෲͪ͢ʱ
ਜ਼͢͏ɽ୊ 15 ஊཚ୊ 2 ชͶɾʰงสҢ৪ྏ๑Νणͪ͜ਕ͹ 10 ਕ஦ 9 ਕ͗ C. difficile ‫״‬ઝ঳Ν࣑༌ͪ͢ʱ
ͳ͍Ζɽdɿʰ͞ΗΉͲՌָదͶৄ໎͠Ηͱ͏Ζ͹ͺɾงสҢ৪ͺௗ‫غ‬దͶ‫ݡ‬Ηͻ҈સͲ͍Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳͫʱ
ਜ਼͚͢͵͏ɽ୊ 16 ஊཚ୊ 2 ชͶɾʰงสҢ৪ྏ๑͹ௗ‫غ‬ద͵҈સ੓Ͷͯ͏ͱɾҫྏοʖϞͺΓΕଡ͚͹͞ͳΝָ;ͪ͏ͳࢧͮͱ͏Ζʱͳ͍Εɾ͞͹ྏ๑͹҈સ੓Ͷͯ͏ͱͺɾΉͫஎΖ΄͘͞ͳ͗ଡ͚͍Ζ͞ͳ͗ࣖࠨ͠Ηͱ͏Ζ͹Ͳɾ҈સ੓͗ՌָదͶৄ໎͠Ηͱ͏ΖͳͺಣΌ͵͏ɽeɿʰงสҢ৪ྏ๑ͺɾC. difficile ‫״‬ઝ঳Ґ֐͹ଠ͹බ‫ـ‬Ͷଲ͢ͱͺɾԢ༽ͤΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘͵͏ʱਜ਼͚͢͵͏ɽ୊ 17 ஊཚ୊ 1 ชͶʰ‫ͬͪंڂݜ‬ͺΉͪɾଠ͹බ‫ـ‬Ͷଲ͢ͱ΍ɾ͞͹࣑ྏ๑Ν‫ৄݗ‬஦Ͳ͍
Ζʱͳ͍Εɾ͖͞͞ΔɾงสҢ৪ྏ๑͗ C. difficile ‫״‬ઝ঳ͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ଠ͹බ‫ـ‬͹࣑ྏ๑ͳ͢ͱ΍Ԣ༽Ͳ
͘ΖՆ೵੓͍͗Ζ͞ͳ͗ಣΊखΗΖɽ
22[಼༲Ҳ஗] ʰຌชͶΓΗͻɾௐ಼Ͳ༙ӻ͵ඏਫ਼෼͗ߨ͑ 2 ͯ͹क͵࢕ࣆͺՁ͖ɽҐԾ͹મ୔ࢸ͖Δɾਜ਼

͢͏ 2 ͯ͹મ୔ࢸΝમΞͲɾࣙ෾͹մ౶༽ࢶͶϜʖέͦΓʱ౶͓ͺ b.ͳ d. ࠞ‫͵ͳڎ‬Ζ͹ͺɾ୊ 1 ஊཚ୊ 4 ช͹ʰ༙ӻ͵ඏਫ਼෼ͺɾৱ΄෼͹ভԿΝঁ͜Ζʱͳɾ୊ 6
ஊཚ୊ 1 ช͹ʰ༙ӻ͵ඏਫ਼෼͹୉͘͵࢕ࣆ͹Ҳͯͺɾʤର಼Ͳʥ৖ॶΝઐΌΖ͞ͳͫʱͲ͍Ζɽ֦મ୔ࢸ͹қັͺͨΗͩΗɾaʰࢴͪͬ͹‫ـ‬෾Νร͓Ζ͹Νঁ͜Ζ͞ͳʱ
ɾbʰࢴͪͬ͗ৱ΄෼ΝভԿ‫ٷ‬फͤΖ͹Ν
ঁ͜Ζ͞ͳʱ
ɾcʰ͏͚͖ͯ͹ΪϱΝ࣑ࠞͤΖ͹Νঁ͜Ζ͞ͳʱɾ̵ʰ৖ॶΝઐΌΖ͞ͳʱɾeʰࢴͪͬ͹উΞͫࡋ๖Ώૌ৭Νर෰ͤΖ͞ͳʱɾfʰӭ཈෾Νட͓Ζ͞ͳʱͲ͍Ζɽ
23[ಋқชમ୔] ʰԾત෨ ˕A ͹ชͳ࠹΍ۛ͏қັΝ࣍ͯชΝમ;ɾࣙ෾͹մ౶༽ࢶͶϜʖέͦΓʱ
AEA౶͓ͺ e. Ծત෨ ˕A ͹қັͺʰ͖͢͢ৼഓͤΖ͵ʱͲ͍Ζɽ “be alarmed” ͺʰৼഓͤΖɾ෈҈Ͷ͵Ζʱͳ͏͑қັɽଠ͹મ୔ࢸͺͨΗͩΗ aʰ͖͢͢͏Δ͏ΔͤΖ͵ʱɾbʰ͖͢͢‫ـ‬Νѳ͚ͤΖ͵ʱɾcʰ͖͢͢ઊ๮ͤΖ͵ʱɾdʰ͖͢͢൷͢΋͵ʱͲ͍Εɾe ͹ “But don’t worry.” ͗౶͓ͫͳΚ͖Ζɽ

24ʛ26[ಋқ‫ޢ‬મ୔] ʰԾત෨ ˕
B ͖Δ ˕
D ͹ୱ‫ͪ͢ࣇྪͳޢ‬қັΝ࣍ͯୱ‫ޢ‬Νમ;ɾࣙ෾͹մ౶༽ࢶͶϜ
E

A

A

E

A

ʖέͦΓʱ

24

౶͓ͺ a. Ծત෨ ˕B Ν‫؜‬΋ช͹қັͺʰ͍͵ͪ͹ௐͶͺ୉ྖ͹ඏਫ਼෼͗ेΞͲ͏ΖʱͲ͍Ζɽhost(s)AEAͺʰʛΝഩΌΖɾΝ΍ͱ͵ͤʱͳ͏͑қັɽଠ͹મ୔ࢸͺͨΗͩΗ bʰʛΝร͓Ζʱ
ɾcʰʛΝ‫ر‬ଅͤΖʱɾdʰʛΝড͚ʱɾeʰʛΝཤ༽ͤΖʱͲ͍Εɾa ͹ accommodates ʰʛ͹ेॴͳ͵Ζʱ͗౶͓ͫͳΚ͖Ζɽ
25

౶͓ͺ d. Ծત෨ ˕C Ν‫؜‬΋ช͹қັͺʰ͖͢͢΍͢ࢴͪͬ͗ͨ͹࢕ૌΊΝմ໎ͤΗͻɾৱࣆ͗‫ݬ‬A

E

A

Ҿ͹඄ຮΝ༩๹ͤΖ৏Ͳַ৿ద͵ٗढ़Ͷ͵Ε͑ΖͫΘ͑ʱͲ͍Ζɽ “game changer” ͺʰַ৿దٗढ़ʱͳ
͏͑қັɽଠ͹મ୔ࢸͺͨΗͩΗ aʰ෾཯ɾҵ୦ʱɾbʰ‫্ބ‬ɾਲओʱɾcʰຆ൅ɾ୦ૺʱ
ɾeʰ෾մɾմࢆʱͲ͍Ε d ͹ breakthrough ʰ୉൅‫ݡ‬ɼ୉༄਒ɼඊ༄ద਒ิʱ͗౶͓ͫͳΚ͖Ζɽҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ26

౶͓ͺ a. Ծત෨ ˕D Ν‫؜‬΋ช͹қັͺʰϜ΢έϫώ΢ΨʖϞͺ‫ັ͘΄͚ڽ‬๏Ͳ͍ΖʱͲ͍Ζɽ allyAEAͺʰັ๏ɾಋ໏ंɾࢩ࣍ंʱͳ͏͑қັɽଠ͹મ୔ࢸͺͨΗͩΗ bʰ‫گ‬үༀɾࢨ಍ंʱɾcʰ਎ʱ
ɾdʰ͘Β
͑ͫ͏ʱ
ɾeʰ‫ࢥگ‬ʱͲ͍Εɾa ͹ friend ʰ༓ਕʱ͗౶͓ͫͳΚ͖Ζɽ
27 28[ช஦‫ۡޢ‬੖঄] ʰʦմ ʧ಼͹‫ޢ‬Νన઀͵ॳͶด;଺͓ͱਜ਼͢͏ӵชΝࡠΕɾ 27 ͳ 28 Ͷ೘Ζୱ‫ޢ‬ΝͨΗͩΗમ;ɾࣙ෾͹մ౶༽ࢶͶϜʖέͦΓʱ“(The ) microbiome is just as important as the brain(, liver, kidney, or heart),”<as ~ as …> ʰ…ͳಋ͚ͣΔ͏ʛʱͳ͏͑ർֳ͹ߑชͫͳߡ͓Ζͳɾ࠹ॵ͹ as Ͷ ‫ܙ‬༲ࢼ important ͗କ͚͞ͳ͗༩૟͠ΗΖɽΉͪʦʧ‫ޛ‬ΘͶ “, liver, kidney, or heart”ͳକ͚͞ͳ͖Δɾ͞ΗΔͳด྽ͤΖགྷો

heart ͗ͨ͹௜઴ͶཔΖ͞ͳ͗༩૟͠ΗΖɽ෯ࢼ just ͺɾ “as important” Νर২ͤΖͳ૟ఈͤΗͻ “justas important” ͳ͵Εɾʰͨ͹Ϝ΢έϫώ΢ΨʖϞͺ೶ɾ،ଃɾਝଃɾৼଃͳͬΒ͑ʹಋ͚ͣΔ͏॑གྷͲ͍
Ζʱͳ͏͑қັ͹ӵช͗‫׮‬੔ͤΖɽ
29[ࢨࣖ‫ޢ‬ൊਰ] ʰըʓ͗࣍ͮͱ͏Ζ༙ӻ͵ඏਫ਼෼Ͷ֒Ν༫͓ΖՆ೵੓͍͗Ζ 2 ͯ͹΍͹ͺՁ͖ɽ࠹΍న઀͵‫ۡޢ‬Ν‫ͯ͜ݡ‬ɾࣙ෾͹մ౶༽ࢶͶͨ͹‫ۡޢ‬Ν‫ͦى‬ʱ౶͓ͺ “using antibiotics inappropriately” ͳ “eating unhealthy diet” ɽ୊ 5 ஊཚ୊ 1 ชͶ “Certain things canharm the helpful microbes in your body.” ʰର಼͹༙ӻ͵ඏਫ਼෼Ͷ֒Ν༫͓ΖՆ೵੓͹͍Ζ΍͹͗͏͚͖ͯ
͍Ζʱͳ͍ΕɾͨΗͶକ͚୊ 2 ชͶ “These include ~” ʰ͞ΗΔͶͺʛ͗‫؜‬ΉΗΖʱͳ͍Ζ͞ͳ͖Δɾ͞͹ชͶͨ͹۫ରྭ͗ࣖ͠ΗΖͳ൓இͲ͘Ζɽ
30[֚౲ชൊਰ] ʰຌชͶΓΖͳɾըʓ͹໖Ӻ‫͗ܧ‬ର಼͹༙ӻ͵ඏਫ਼෼Νߊܺ͢͵͏͹ͺʹ͑͢ͱ͖ɽͨ͹ཀྵ༟Νफ़΄ͱ͏Ζ࠹΍న઀͵ชহΝ‫ͯ͜ݡ‬ɾͨ͹ชহ͹࠹ॵ͹ 3 ୱ‫ޢ‬Ν‫ͦى‬ʱ౶͓ͺ “But people grow” ɽ୊ 7 ஊཚ୊ 1 ชͶ “Your immune system normally attacks microbes that get into
the body.” ʰըʓ͹໖Ӻ‫ܧ‬ͺ௪৙ɾର಼Ͷ೘ͮͪඏਫ਼෼ΝߊܺͤΖʱͳ͍Ζ͗ɾ௜‫ޛ‬Ͷ “~, so your immune
system recognize them as friendly and doesn’t attack them” ʰʛɾ͵͹Ͳɾըʓ͹໖Ӻ‫ܧ‬ͺͨΗΔʤʻࣙਐ͗
༙ͤΖϜ΢έϫώ΢ΨʖϞʥΝັ๏Ͳ͍Ζͳ೟ࣟ͢ͱɾߊܺ͢͵͏ʱͳକ͚ɽͪ͗ͮ͢ͱɾ୊ 1 ชͶଲͤΖ‫ંٱ‬ద͵಼༲͹୊ 2 ชͨ͗͞ɾຌ໲͹౶͓Ͳ͍Ζͳ൓இͲ͘Ζɽ
31[֚౲ชൊਰ] ʰ‫ ͗ͬͪंڂݜ‬ʲΓΕඬదΝߞ࣑ͮͪྏʳʤԾત෨ղʥΓΕ΍ɾʲϓϩηϘέφϧϞ͹࣑ྏʳʤԾત෨ձʥΝߨΚ͵͜Ηͻ͏͜͵͏͹ͺʹ͑͢ͱ͖ɽͨ͹ཀྵ༟Νफ़΄ͱ͏Ζ࠹΍న઀͵ชহΝ‫ͯ͜ݡ‬ɾͨ͹ชহ͹࠹ॵ͹ 3 ୱ‫ޢ‬Ν‫ͦى‬ʱ౶͓ͺ “Researchers don’t yet” ɽC. difficile ‫״‬ઝ঳ͳ͏ͮͪɾௐԎΝӀً࣮ͤ͘͞‫׳‬ͶଲͤΖ “Fecal
microbial treatment” ʤFMT: งสҢ৪ྏ๑ʥͶͯ͏ͱͺɾ୊ 11 ஊཚ͖Δ୊ 18 ஊཚͶफ़΄ΔΗͱ͏Ζɽ୊
12 ஊཚ୊ 2 ช͖Δɾ‫ݳ‬য়ɾFMT ͺ “A patient is given microbes from the large intestine of a healthy person.”ʰ‫ं׳‬ͺ݊߃͵ਕ͹୉ௐ͖Δࡀखͪ͢ඏਫ਼෼Ν౦༫͠ΗΖʱ͹Γ͑Ͷ͢ͱߨΚΗͱ͏Ζ͞ͳ͗Κ͖Ζɽକ͚୊ 13 ஊཚ୊ 1 ชͲͺɾ “Researchers don’t yet know exactly which of the microbes are needed for a healthy
gut microbiome. So for now, they transfer the entire microbiome.” ʰ‫ͬͪंڂݜ‬ͺɾʹ͹ඏਫ਼෼͗݊߃͵ௐ಼Ϝ΢έϫώ΢ΨʖϞͶචགྷ͵͹͖ɾΉͫਜ਼֮ͶͺΚ͖ͮͱ͏͵͏ɽͨ͞Ͳࠕ͹ͳ͞ΘɾϜ΢έϫώ΢Ψ
ʖϞસରΝҢ৪͢ͱ͏Ζʱͳ͍Εɾ͞Η͗ “a full-spectrum treatment” ͳ‫͓׷͏ݶ‬ΔΗͱ͏Ζɽͪ͗ͮ͢
ͱɾ୊ 13 ஊཚ୊ 1 ช͗ຌ໲͹౶͓Ͳ͍Ζͳ൓இͲ͘Ζɽҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ32[ࢨࣖ‫ޢ‬ൊਰ] ʰԾત෨ ճ͹େ໌ࢼͺՁΝࢨ͢ͱ͏Ζ͖ɽຌช͖Δ࠹΍న઀͵ୱ‫ޢ‬Ν‫ͯ͜ݡ‬ɾͨ͹‫ۡޢ‬Νࣙ෾͹մ౶༽ࢶͶ‫ͦى‬ʱ౶͓ͺ proteins ɽԾત෨ճ͹௜઴͹ช͹͕Γͨ͹қັͺ “His research team and others study proteins thatgut bacteria release into the bloodstream.” ʰ൶͹‫ڂݜ‬οʖϞΏଠ͹‫ڂݜ‬οʖϞͪͬͺɾௐ಼ࡋ݄ۗ͗ླྀͶ๎
ड़ͤΖνϱϏέ࣯Ν‫͏ͱ͢ڂݜ‬ΖʱͲ͍Εɾͤ͛Ͷ‫ͯ͜ݡ‬ΔΗΖͫΘ͑ɽ
33[‫ۡޢ‬ൊਰ] ʰϢθϝϱʀϗϩΩ΢χദ࢞ͶΓΖͳɾௐ಼͹Ϝ΢έϫώ΢ΨʖϞΝྒྷ޹͵য়ସͶฯͯͪΌͶಝͶ॑གྷ͵ৱ෼੔෾ͺՁ͖ɽ࠹΍న઀͵ 6 ୱ‫ޢ‬͹‫ۡޢ‬Ν୵͢ɾͨ͹‫ۡޢ‬Νࣙ෾͹մ౶༽ࢶͶ‫ͦى‬ʱ౶͓ͺ “The dietary fiber found in plants” ɽ୊ 25 ஊཚ͹୊ 1 ชͶ “For now, what can you do daily to keep
your helpful microbes healthy?” ʰ͍ͪͮ͢͠ͱɾ༙ӻ͵ඏਫ਼෼Ν݊߃ͶฯͯͪΌͶຘೖͲ͘Ζ͞ͳͺՁͫΘ͖͑ʱͳ͍Εɾକ͚ชͲͺɾ “Diet is the major driver that shapes a person’s microbiome” ʰৱࣆͺਕ͹Ϝ΢έϫώ΢ΨʖϞΝ‫ܙ‬੔ͤΖक͵གྷҾͲ͍Ζʱͳ͍Ζɽͪ͗ͮ͢ͱɾ͞͹ஊཚҐ߳͹ϗϩΩ΢χദ࢞͹‫ݶ‬ཁ͹஦Ͷ‫ٽ‬ΌΔΗͱ͏Ζ౶͓͍͗Ζͳ༩૟Ͳ͘Ηͻɾ࣏ஊཚ๱ಆ͹ “The dietary fiber found in plants is
especially good for your gut bugs, says Belkaid.” ʰ৪෼Ͷ‫؜‬ΉΗΖৱ෼થңͺಝͶௐ͹ඏਫ਼෼Ͷྒྷ͏ɾͳϗϩΩ΢χദ࢞ͺफ़΄ͱ͏Ζʱ͖Δ౶͓Ν಍͘ड़ͤ͞ͳ͗Ͳͪͫ͘Θ͑ɽრҐԾ͹φϒρέͶͯ͏ͱΦρι΢Νॽ͘͵͠͏ɽ

34[ࣙ༟ӵࡠช] ҐԾ͹ήϧϓΝΓ͚‫ͱݡ‬ɾ2 ͯ͹෨෾Ͷ෾͜ͱΦρι΢Νॽ͘͵͠͏ɽձ ήϧϓͶࣖ͠Ηͪ‫؏ٮ‬దࣆࣰ͹གྷ༁ɽղ ͞ΗΔ͹ࣆࣰͶଲͤΖ͍͵ͪ͹մएɽ͞ΗͶͺઞࡑద͵໲ୌ఼ɾࡀΕ͑Ζմ݀ࡨɾΉͪ‫ݺ‬ਕద͵қ‫ݡ‬͵ʹ͗‫؜‬ΉΗΖɽմ౶༽ࢶͶ 100 ‫ޢ‬ఖౕ͹ӵ‫Ͳޢ‬Φρι΢Νॽ͘͵͠͏ɽͨ͹߻‫਼ޢܯ‬ΝԾཟͶ‫ى‬೘͢͵͠͏ɽʴմ౶ྭ 1ʵ
The proportion of people aged 65 and over will be eight times higher in 2060 than in 1940, while the proportion ofpeople aged under 15 will fall steadily to around 10% of the total population by 2030 and then level off. The proportionof people aged 15-64 will gradually decrease by about 10% between 1940 and 2060, representing about half of the total
population.
This remarkable decline in the birthrate will pose a serious threat to Japanese society. A shrinking workforce meansa depletion of welfare budget to support the lives of the elderly. Japan should make serious efforts to increase the birthrate
to sustain our society. (108 words)ʴմ౶ྭ 2ʵ
This bar chart shows the Japan Age Structure 1940-2010 and the outlook to 2060. In the graph, whereas thepercentage of people 65 years old and over accounted for only 5% in 1940, as of 2010, it was up to about 25%. Moreover,
it is estimated to reach 40% in 2060.
If the trend of increasing the proportion of the old, compared to the young continues, it will lead to lack of young
people to support the old and the collapse of Japan’s pension system. To overcome this critical situation, the government
should introduce effective birthrate-reduction measures promptly, such as childcare support system, and halt the rapid
declining birthrate. (109 words)ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨʴන‫ݳ‬ʵ
1ɿਦනͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζන‫ݳ‬ʰ͞͹๰ήϧϓͺʛΝනͤʱ
ʀthis bar chart shows ~ʀin this graph, ~ʀaccording to the graph, ~2ɿׄ߻Ͷ‫ͤؖ‬Ζන‫ݳ‬ʰׄ߻ʱʀproportionʀpercentage
ʀratioʰʛͺ…͹ 8 ഔͲ͍Ζʱ
ʀ~ be eight times higher than …
ʀ~ be eight times as high as …
ʰʛͺ 8 ഔͶ͵Ζʱ
ʀ~ increase eightfoldʰ૱ʛ͹༁ൔ෾ʱ
ʀabout half of the total ~ʰʛͶ౲ͪΖɾʛΝઐΌΖʱ
ʀrepresent ~ʀaccount for ~ʀoccupy ~ʀtake up ~
ʀmake up ~ʰʛͶଲ͢ͱ…Ͳ͍Ζʱʀwhile ~, …
ʀwhereas ~, …
ʰʛͶർ΄ͱʱ
ʀcompared to ~ʀcompared with ~3ɿଁ‫ݰ‬Ͷ‫ͤؖ‬Ζන‫ݳ‬ʰʛͺ૱…͹༁ 10%ͶΉͲୱ௒‫ݰ‬ঙͤΖʱʀ~ fall steadily to around 10% of thetotal …
ʰʛͺ༁ 10%অʓͶ‫ݰ‬ঙͤΖʱ
ʀ~ decrease gradually by about 10%ʰԥͻ͏Ͷ͵Ζʱʀlevel offʰʛΉͲଁՅͤΖʱʀbe up to ~
ʀincrease to ~
ʀreach ~ʰ2060 ೧ΉͲ͹‫ݡ‬௪͢ʱ
ʀoutlook to 2060ʰʛͺ…ͳ༩૟͠ΗΖʱ
ʀ~ be estimated to …
ʀ~ be expected to …
4ɿ೧ྺʀ೧େͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζන‫ݳ‬
ʰ65 ࡂҐ৏͹ਕʱʀpeople aged 65 and over
ʀpeople over 65
ʀpersons 65 years old and over
ʀpersons 65 years of age or older
ʰ15 ࡂາຮ͹ਕʱ
ʀpeople aged under 15
ʀpeople under 15
ʀpeople under 15 years oldʀpeople under 15 years of age
ʀpersons 15 years old and youngerʀpersons 15 years of age or youngerʰ1940 ೧Ͷʱ
ʀin 1940
ʰ2030 ೧͹఼࣎Ͳʱʀby 2030
ʀas of 2030
ʰ1940 ೧͖Δ 2060 ೧͹ؔͶʱʀbetween 1940 and 2060
5ɿͨ͹ଠ͹න‫ݳ‬ʰೖຌ͹೧ྺߑ੔ʱ
ʀJapan Age Structureʰ࿓ಉਕ޳͹‫ݰ‬ঙʱʀshrinking workforce
ʀdecrease in the working population
ʀdeclining workforceʰड़ਫ਼ི͹ఁԾɾঙࢢԿʱ
ʀdecline in the birthrateʀdeclining birthrateʀfewer childrenʰೖຌ͹೧ۜ੏ౕ͹๊շʱʀ the collapse of Japan’s pension
systemʰࢴ͹қ‫ͱ͢ͳݡ‬ͺɾʛʱʀIn my opinion, ~ʀPersonally, I believe that ~ʰࢴ͹؏఼͖ΔͤΖͳɾʛʱʀFrom my point of view, ~ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨㅮホᶙʨௗช಼༲Ҳ஗ʩ ʤඬ६ʥ ʰZ ੊େͶ͕͜ΖϪφϫϔʖϞʱͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζӵชɽชহ಼༲ͺඬ६దͫ͗ɾઅ
໲͹Ҳ෨Ͷͺ৽॑Ͷ಼༲Ν֮೟ͤ΄͘΍͹΍‫؜‬ΉΗΖɽᶚʨௗช૱߻ʩ

ʤඬ६ʥ ʰϜ΢έϫώ΢ΨʖϞ͗ՎͪͤༀׄʱͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζӵชɽ‫ى‬फ़໲ୌ΍‫؜‬ΉΗΖ͗ɾൊ͘ड़͗͢‫خ‬ຌͲ͍Ε͠Άʹ‫ۦ‬࿓͢͵͏ɽᶛʨࣙ༟ӵࡠชʩ

ʤඬ६ʥ ʰೖຌͶ͕͜Ζਕ޳ߑ੔༩૟ʱͶͯ͏ͱ༫͓ΔΗͪήϧϓΝ΍ͳͶɾ100 ‫ޢ‬ఖౕͲ࿨ͣΖ໲ୌɽυʖνΝਜ਼֮Ͷන‫ͤݳ‬Ζ͞ͳͳɾࣙ෾͵Ε͹մएΝద֮Ͷӵ‫Ͳޢ‬ΉͳΌΔΗΖ͖͗໲ΚΗͱ͏Ζɽ୉໲ߑ੔ͺࡤ೧ౕͳ୉͚͘รԿͺ͵͏͗ɾࡤ೧ౕ‫ͳغޛ‬ಋ༹ɾ୉໲ 3 ͹ࣙ༟ӵࡠชͺௗช಼༲ͳ࿊ಊͤΖ΍͹Ͳͺ͵͏ɽήϧϓͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζӵ‫ޢ‬න‫΃ݳ‬͹‫׵‬Η͗ड़པΝ୉͚ࠪ͘ӊͤΖɽ໪ඬͺ 65%

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