医学部専門予備校

福岡校

藤田医科大学（後期） 英語

2022年3月4日実施

࣐࣮ࢡゎ⟅ᇹᲫբᇹᲬբ
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グ㏙ゎ⟅

ᇹᲯբ
ၥゝⴥࡢព࿡ࡢ⌮ゎࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᐃࡢゝㄒᶵ⬟࡜」㞧࡞㐠ືᢏ⬟ࡣྠ୍ࡢ⬻㡿ᇦ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ไᚚࡉࢀ࡚࠸㸯ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲࡜ࠊゝㄒ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿ⬻㡿ᇦࡀࠊ㐨ලࡢ౑⏝ࡀࡼࡾάⓎ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬௦࡟ቑ኱ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ྂ⚄⤒⏕≀Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ▱ぢ࡜ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓࠊ」㞧࡞㐨ලࡢ౑⏝࡜」㞧࡞ゝㄒࡢ౑⏝ࡣྠࡌ⬻㡿ᇦࡀྖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺௬ㄝࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠋ(ูゎ)ඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡼࡾ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢゝㄒᶵ⬟ࢆไᚚࡍࡿ⬻㡿ᇦࡣ⣽࠿࡞㐠ື⬟ຊࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ⬻⏬ീἲ࡛ࡣゝㄒ࡜㐨ල౑⏝ࡢ㛫࡟㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ドᣐࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊཬࡧྂ⚄⤒⏕≀Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡾࠊゝㄒ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⬻㡿ᇦࡢⓎ㐩ࡣ㐨ල౑⏝ࡀᣑ኱ࡋࡓ᫬ᮇ࡜㌶ࢆ୍࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊ௨ୖࡢ㸰ࡘࢆ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ」㞧࡞ືࡁࢆせࡍࡿ㐨ල౑⏝ࡣࠊ」㞧࡞ゝㄒᶵ⬟࡟࠾࠸࡚ືဨࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡜ྠࡌ⬻㡿ᇦࡢάື࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺␲ၥࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࠋၥ㸰(i)ᩥࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡀ༢⣧࡞ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡢᩥ࡜」㞧࡞ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡢᩥࢆㄞࡳࠊࡑࡢᚋࡑࢀࡽࡢᩥෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ࠸ࡢ┿ഇࢆゎ⟅ࡍࡿ

(ii)ၥ㸱࣌ࣥࢳࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㘽ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ≧ࡢ㔥ࢆࠊᙧ≧ࡀ㐺ྜࡍࡿ✰࡟ྥࡁࡶྜࢃࡏ࡚ᤄධࡍࡿே㢮ࡢ♽ඛࡀ㐨ලࢆసࡾࠊ౑⏝ࡋጞࡵࡓ᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᢏ⬟ࡢୖ㐩ࡀ⬻ࢆ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡉࡏࠊࡲࡓࡼࡾ㧗ᗘ࡞ㄆ▱ᶵ⬟ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡉࡏࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡀᩥࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࠶ࡿ✀ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡿཎᅉ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࠋၥ㸲࠸ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨᇹᲰբthe drain system of Victorian era cannot deal with the significant population increase, whichmakes the growth of London problematic, too.
(1)(ูゎ) the growth of London is also a problem as its Victorian era drainage system cannot cope with the hugeincrease in population.

a warmer atmosphere has resulted in more frequent occurrences of intense and brief
downpours responsible for flash floods.
(2)(ูゎ) warming means these heavy short-duration downpours which cause flash flooding are becoming morecommon.

To detect an approach of extreme rainfall may help reduce the risk of flash floods.
(3)(ูゎ) Knowing that heavy rainfall is on its way can make it easier to mitigate against the risks of flash flooding.

ゎㄝ

➨1ၥ
ၥ 1.

ᩥἲ࣭ㄒἲ

(2)

“~ his rival could not but congratulate him.”ࠕᙼࡢࣛ࢖ࣂࣝࡣᙼࢆ⚃⚟ࡏࡎ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ
<cannot but do ~>ࠕ㹼ࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠊ㹼ࡏࡎ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ ྠព⾲⌧࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ<cannot helpdoing ~>ࠊ<cannot help but do ~>ࡶేࡏ࡚ᢲࡉ࠼࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
ၥ 2.

(2)

“~ I seldom if ever have a chance to do so.”ࠕࡑ࠺ࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡀ᫬࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࡵࡗࡓ࡟࡞࠸ࠖ
<seldom if ever>ࠕ᫬࡟ࡣ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࡵࡗࡓ࡟㹼࡞࠸ࠖ “if ever” ࡣ seldom ࡲࡓࡣ rarely ࡢ┤ᚋ࡟ᤄධⓗ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ၥ 3.

(1)

“~ it is important to follow local customs.”ࠕ⌧ᆅࡢ⩦័࡟ᚑ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
custom ࠕ(♫఍࣭㞟ᅋࡢ)⩦័࣭័⩦ࠖࠊ habit ࠕ(ಶேࡢ)⩦័ࠖ
ၥ 4.

(4)

“My house is within five minutes of the nearest station.”ࠕ⚾ࡢᐙࡣ᭱ᐤࡾ㥐࠿ࡽ 5 ศᅪෆ࡟࠶ࡿࠖ
<within ~ of …>ࠕ…࠿ࡽ㹼௨ෆ࡟ࠖ
ၥ 5.

(3)

“The kidnappers made good on their promise to release the hostages.”ࠕㄏᣂ≢ࡣே㉁ࢆゎᨺࡍࡿ⣙᮰ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓࠖ
<make good on ~> ࠕ㹼ࢆᯝࡓࡍࠊ㹼࡟ᡂຌࡍࡿࠖ
ၥ 6.

(3)

“Unable to solve this difficult question, I had to ask my teacher for help.”ࠕ⚾ࡣࡇࡢ㞴ゎ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆゎࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊඛ⏕࡟ຓࡅࢆồࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ
<be unable to do ~>ࠕ㹼࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ “(being) unable to solve ~” ࡜࠸࠺ศモᵓᩥࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ

➨2ၥ
ၥ 1.

ㄒྃᩚᗎ

(6) (2)

Had she been examined earlier last year (, her cancer would have been found before it was toolate.)“If she had been examined earlier last year” ࡢ If ࡀ┬␎ࡉࢀಽ⨨ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋၥ 2.

(5) (6)

A week before I left, I had my car repaired(.)“A week” ࡣ๪モせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ “before I left” ࢆ๓࠿ࡽಟ㣭ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ <have A done> ࠕA ࢆ㹼ࡋ࡚
ࡶࡽ࠺ࠊA ࢆ㹼ࡉࢀࡿࠖၥ 3.

(7) (6)(The bay) as it was seen from that spot was a (splendid spectacle.)“as it was seen from that spot” ࡣᙧᐜモせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ The bay ࢆᚋࢁ࠿ࡽಟ㣭ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊྡモ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ as ⠇ࡀᚋ⨨ಟ㣭ࡍࡿ඾ᆺ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ(ex) Life as we know it would be impossible without water. ࠕᡃࠎࡀ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞⏕࿨యࡣỈ࡞ࡋ࡛ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࠼࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ as ࢆࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏝ἲ࡛⏝࠸ࡿሙྜࠊ⠇ෆࡣᣦ♧௦ྡモ it ࡲࡓࡣthey ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࡶᢲࡉ࠼࡚࠾ࡃ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋၥ 4.

(2) (4)(That book) is the first to dwell on them (in this field.)“to dwell on them” ࡣᙧᐜモせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ the first ࢆᚋࢁ࠿ࡽಟ㣭ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ <dwell on A> ࠕA ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃヰࡍࠖ➨㸱ၥၥ 1.

㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ(1) HireVue is a company whose primary focus is to make interviewing more accessible.
ࠕHireVue ♫ࡀ୍␒ຊࢆධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ㠃᥋ࢆࡼࡾࡸࡾࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠖྠࡌ Kevin ࡢ᭱ึࡢⓎゝ㒊ศࡢ➨ 3 ᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ“ ~, our system allows candidates to interview for jobs at any time ofday and from any location” ࠕ㹼ࠊHireVue ♫ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᚿ㢪⪅ࡣ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶ࡝ࡇ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡶ௙஦ࡢ᥇⏝㠃᥋ࢆཷࡅࡿࡢࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋၥ 2.

(3) ࠕᵓ㐀໬㠃᥋࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㉁ၥࡢ௙᪉࡟㛵ࡋ୍࡚㈏ᛶࢆᢸಖ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ
Kevin ࡢ 3 ࡘ┠ࡢⓎゝ㒊ศࡢ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ “Ask every candidate the same question in the same way,~ ” ࠕ࡝ࡢᚿ㢪⪅࡟ࡶྠࡌ㉁ၥࢆྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟⾜࠸ࠊ㹼ࠖ࡜࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡀ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋၥ 3.

(3) ࠕHireVue ♫ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᚿ㢪⪅ࡣ㠃᥋᫬ࡢ㉁ၥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚୚࠼ࡓ⮬ࡽࡢᅇ⟅ࢆ෌฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠖࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞஦ᐇࡣᮏᩥ࡛ࡣ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊ(1)ࡢࠕHireVue ♫ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊ㠃᥋ࡢ㛫ࠊ㉁ၥ࡟⟅࠼ࡿ㝿࡟ᚿ㢪⪅ࡀ⏝࠸ࡿ༢ㄒࢆศᯒࡍ
ࡿࠖࡣࠊKevin ࡢ 4 ࡘ┠ࡢⓎゝ㒊ศࡢ➨ 1 ᩥ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ(2)ࡢࠕHireVue ♫ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ሙᡤ࡛኱つᶍ࡞㠃᥋ࢆ⾜࠺఍♫࡟ᜠᜨࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠖࡣࠊKevin ࡢ 3 ࡘ┠ࡢⓎゝ㒊ศࡢ➨
1㸪2 ᩥ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(4)ࡢࠕHireVue ♫ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ࠊ㠃᥋ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ᪥᫬࡟㛵ࡋ࡚
⼥㏻ࡀࡁࡃࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠖࡣࠊKevin ࡢ 1 ࡘ┠ࡢⓎゝ㒊ศࡢ➨ 3 ᩥ࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋၥ 4.

(3) ࠕHireVue ♫ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊᚿ㢪⪅ࡢฟࡋࡓ⟅࠼ࡢෆᐜࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠖHireVue ♫ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᚿ㢪⪅ࡢゎ⟅ෆᐜ࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊKevin ࡢ 4 ࡘ┠ࡢⓎゝ௨㝆࠿ࡽ
ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋKevin ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢⓎゝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ “HireVue’s algorithms are trained on top, middle, andlow performers and are looking for the differences between them.” ࡜࠶ࡾࠊHireVue ♫ࡢ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒࡟ࡣᚿ㢪⪅ࡢඃຎ࡟ᛂࡌࡓ㐪࠸࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ⵳✚ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋḟࡢ➨ 2 ᩥ࡟ “Thealgorithms then compare new video interviews of job applicants against that data.” ࠕࡑࡋ࡚ HireVue ♫ࡢҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞ᚿ㢪⪅ࡢࣅࢹ࢜㠃᥋᫬࡟ࡑࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊHireVue ♫ࡣࡇࡢ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᚿ㢪⪅ࡢฟࡋࡓ⟅࠼ࢆホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ➨㸲ၥ
ၥ 1.

㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ

(4) “~, tracking and understanding these land changes can help us identify areas of coastal highway that areespecially prone to damage.”ୗ⥺㒊ࢆྵࡴᩥࡢ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ㹼ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᅵᆅࡢኚ໬ࢆ㏣㊧ࡋ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ≉࡟ᦆᐖࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸ἢᓊࡢ㐨㊰ࡢ࠶ࡿᆅᇦࡀ࡝ࡇ࠿ぢᴟࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ➨ 1ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ࠊࠕ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡣࣂࣜ࢔࣮ᓥࡢᬒほࡢኚ໬ࢆᩘ㔞໬ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊே㛫ࡢ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࢆ◚ቯࡍࡿᔒࡀἢᓊࡢ㔝⏕⏕≀ࢆ⧚ᰤࡉࡏࡿᶵ఍ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗ
ࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ
ࠕ࢖ࣥࣇ࡛ࣛࠖ࠶ࡿࠕἢᓊࡢ㐨㊰ࠖࡣࠕᦆᐖࢆཷࡅࡿ༴㝤ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿
ࡿࠋ<prone to ~> ࠕ㹼ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡔࡀࠊࡇࢀ࡜᭱ࡶព࿡ࡀ㏆࠸ࡢࡣ (4) vulnerable
࡛࠶ࡿࠋၥ 2. (4) “ ~, but this work shed light on both how storms create habitat and how long that habitat lasts.”✵ᡤ(࠶)ࢆྵࡴᩥࡢ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕ㹼ࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊᔒࡀ⏕ᜥᇦࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ௙⤌ࡳ࡜ࠊࡑࡢ⏕ᜥᇦࡀᏑ⥆ࡍࡿᮇ㛫ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ࠊࠕࡑࡢ⏬ീࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ
ࡢࡣࠊ2011 ᖺࡢࣁࣜࢣ࣮࣭ࣥ࢔࢖࣮ࣜࣥ࡜ 2012 ᖺࡢࣁࣜࢣ࣮࣭ࣥࢧࣥࢹ࢕࡜ࡀࣆ࣮ᓥᅜ❧㫽⋇ಖㆤ༊ࢆኚᐜࡉࡏࡓ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡾࠊ⏬ീࡢศᯒࢆ⾜࠺◊✲࠿ࡽᔒࡀ⏕ᜥᇦ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡞࡝ࢆࠕ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ <shed light on ~> ࡛ ࠕ㹼ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠊゎ᫂ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ၥ 3.

(3)ࠕḟࡢᔒࡀᓥ࡟࠸ࡘく᮶ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࢆணࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ

ᩥ୰࡟ࡣ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ௚ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ(1) ➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࠕࡇࡢࢶ࣮ࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠥࠊᅵᆅࢆ 12 ࡢ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ࡟ศ㢮࡛ࡁࡿࠖࠊ(2) ➨ 3 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥࠕࡑࡢ⏬ീࡣࠊ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕࡀᓥࡢᆅᙧࡢኚ໬ࢆᢅ࠺ࡓࡵࡢᆅᙧࣔࢹࣝࢆసࡿࡢ࡟౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓࠖ
ࠊ(4) ➨ 2 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥ ࠕࡑࢀࡣࡲࡓࠊ⮬↛ࡢస⏝ࡸ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᾏᓊࡢ㔝⏕⏕≀ࡢ⏕ᜥᇦ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡃ⌮ゎࡍࡿᡭຓࡅࢆࡍࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ၥ 4.

(2)ࠕ㔝⏕⏕≀ࡢ⏕ᜥᇦ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ✀㢮ࡣࠊᔒࡀ᮶ࡿ᪉ྥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵࡲࡿࠖ➨ 8 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࡢࠕ◊✲⪅ࡓࡕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣂࣜ࢔࣮ᓥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊከࡃࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ
ᔒࡢ᮶ࡿ᪉ྥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵࡲࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࠖࡸࠊく᮶ࡢ᪉ゅࡢ␗࡞ࡿ஧ࡘࡢᔒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡉࢀࡓ➨ 8 ẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥࠕࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢ஧ࡘࡢᔒࡢ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࡣỴᐃⓗ࡟␗࡞ࡿࠖ࡞࡝ࡀゎ⟅ࡢ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ➨㸳ၥၥ 1.

㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ(ͤ௨ୗゎㄝࡢẁⴠ␒ྕࡣࠊၥ 4 ࡛ẁⴠᤄධࢆ⾜ࡗࡓୖ࡛ࡢ␒ྕ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ)ୗ⥺㒊ൕAൖ “A new study” ࡢືᶵࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࠋࠕືᶵࠖ࡟㛵ࢃࡿグ㏙ࢆᮏᩥ࡟᥈ࡍ࡜ࠊ➨ 4 ẁⴠ
➨ 1 ᩥࡀỴᐃⓗ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
“When considering this data, research teams couldn’t help wondering: ~” ࠕࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒ࡣ␲ၥࢆᢪ࠿ࡎ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ」㞧࡞ືࡁࢆక࠺࠶ࡿ㐨ලࡢ౑⏝ࡀࠊᩥࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚࡞࡝ࡢ」㞧࡞ゝㄒᶵ⬟࡟ືဨࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡜ྠࡌ⬻ෆᅇ㊰࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࡽ࡝࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠖࡇࡢ␲ၥ࡟⟅࠼ࢆฟࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ጞࡵࡽࢀࡓࡢࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟ࡟ this data ࡜࠸࠺ࡸࡸ࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡞⾲⌧ࡢᣦࡍෆᐜࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ๓ẁⴠ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ➨ 1㸪2 ᩥ࡟ࠕ༢ㄒࡢព࿡ࡢฎ⌮࡞࡝ࠊ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢゝㄒᶵ⬟ࢆྖࡿ⬻㡿ᇦࡀࠊᚤ⣽㐠ື⬟ຊࡢไᚚ࡟ࡶ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ◊✲⤖ᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊゝㄒ࡜㐨ලࡢ౑⏝ࡀࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ドᣐࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛⬻⏬ീ࡛ࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡾࠊඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣࡲࡔドᣐࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞

ҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ࠸≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝈⏺ࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ◊✲ࡢືᶵ࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ➨ 6 ẁ
ⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࡢグ㏙࠿ࡽࡶண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞◊✲࡛ࡣ fMRI(ᶵ⬟ⓗ☢Ẽඹ㬆⏬ീἲ)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊඛ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡞஦ᐇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟➨ 3 ẁⴠ➨ 1㸪2 ᩥࢆ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡋ࡚ືᶵࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊຍ࠼࡚ྠẁⴠ᭱⤊ᩥࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡶὀ┠ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ “Paleo-neurobiology has also shown that ~” ࡜࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢෆᐜࡶྵࡵ࡚᭱⤊ⓗ࡟➨ 4 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕࡲࡓࠊྂ⚄⤒⏕≀Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊ㐨ලࡢ౑⏝ࡀᬑཬࡋࡓᢏ⾡ⓗᛴⓎᒎࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊゝㄒ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⬻㡿ᇦࡀே㢮ࡢ♽ඛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢෆᐜࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊグ㏙ࡍ࡭ࡁ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ࣭ ඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡼࡾ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢゝㄒᶵ⬟ࢆไᚚࡍࡿ⬻㡿ᇦࡣ⣽࠿࡞㐠ື⬟ຊࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ(ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊゝㄒ࡜㐨ලࡢ౑⏝ࡀࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ドᣐࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛⬻⏬ീ࡛ࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ)࣭ ྂ⚄⤒⏕≀Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊ㐨ලࡢ౑⏝ࡀᬑཬࡋࡓ᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊゝㄒ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⬻㡿ᇦࡀே㢮ࡢ♽ඛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
࣭ 」㞧࡞ືࡁࢆక࠺࠶ࡿ㐨ලࡢ౑⏝ࡀࠊᩥࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚࡞࡝ࡢ」㞧࡞ゝㄒᶵ⬟࡟ືဨࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡜ྠࡌ⬻ෆᅇ㊰࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺␲ၥࢆᢪ࠸ࡓࠋ
ၥ 2.

ୗ⥺㒊ൕBൖࡣࠕ㐨ල౑⏝ࢆྵࡴ㐠ືカ⦎ࡣ」㞧࡞ᩥ❶ࡢᡂࡾ❧ࡕࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࠖ
࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ☜࠿ࡵࡿᐇ㦂ࡢグ㏙ࡣࠊ➨ 9 ẁⴠ➨ 1 ᩥࠕ௒ᅇࠊཧຍ⪅ࡣ 30 ศࡢ࣌ࣥࢳࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㐠ືカ⦎ࡢ๓ᚋ࡟ᩥࡢᡂࡾ❧ࡕࡢ⌮ゎࢆၥ࠺ㄢ㢟ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟せồࡉࢀࡓ(ᐇ㦂ࡢヲ⣽ࡣ௨ୗࡢᯟෆࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇ࡜)ࠖ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡣࠕ࣌ࣥࢳࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㐠ືカ⦎ࠖ࡜ࠕᩥࡢᡂࡾ
❧ࡕࡢ⌮ゎࢆၥ࠺ㄢ㢟ࠖࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ㒊ศࢆヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᅇ⟅࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㐠ືカ⦎࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ➨ 10 ẁⴠࢆヂࡏࡤゎ⟅࡜࡞ࡿࠋゝㄒㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨ 11 ẁⴠࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡢ౛
ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᑡࡋࢃ࠿ࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡀࠊ࣭ ᩥࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡀ༢⣧࡞ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡢᩥ࡜」㞧࡞ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡢᩥࢆㄞࡴ࣭ ࡑࡢᚋࡑࢀࡽࡢᩥෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ࠸ࡢ┿ഇࢆゎ⟅ࡍࡿ
࡜࠸࠺ 2 ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀᢤࡁฟࡏࡿ࡜Ⰻ࠸ࠋၥ 3.

ୗ⥺㒊ൕAൖࡢ◊✲ࡀே㢮ྐ࡟࠾ࡅࡿゝㄒࡢⓎ㐩࡟ࡘ࠸࡚♧၀ࡍࡿෆᐜࡣࠊ➨ 14 ẁⴠ➨ 4 ᩥ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 1 ᩥࡢ࠾ࡼࡑࡢព࿡ࡣࠕே㢮ࡢ♽ඛࡀ㐨ලࢆసࡾࠊ౑⏝ࡋጞࡵࡓ᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᢏ⬟ࡢୖ㐩ࡀ⬻ࢆ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡉࡏࠊࡲࡓࡼࡾ㧗ᗘ࡞ㄆ▱ᶵ⬟ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡉࡏࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡀᩥࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࠶ࡿ✀ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡿཎᅉ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜ࠊ BrozzoliẶࡣ⤖ㄽ௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ

ၥ 4.

࠙࠸ࠚࡢ┤ᚋ࡟࠶ࡿ➨ 6 ẁⴠ㸯ᩥࡢ “the same team” ࡀᣦࡍࡶࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ➨ 4 ẁⴠ࡟ࡣ“research teams” ࡜࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ≉ᐃࡢ◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒ࡢ⤂௓ࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᤄධࡍ࡭ࡁẁⴠࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ “In 2019, Inserm researcher Claudio Brozzoli in collaboration with CNRS researcher Alice C.
Roy and their team had shown that individuals who are particularly proficient in the use of tools were also
generally better at handling the finer points of Swedish syntax.” ࠕ2019 ᖺࠊInserm ࡢ◊✲⪅ ClaudioBrozzoli ࡣ CNRS ࡢ◊✲⪅ Alice C. Roy ࡜༠ຊࡋࠊᙼࡽࡢࢳ࣮࣒ࡣࠊ୍⯡࡟ࠊ㐨ලࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼࡃ⩦⇍ࡍࡿ࡜ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥㄒࡢᩥࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿ㝿࡟ࡶࡼࡾ⣽࠿࡞Ⅼࢆࡶࡗ࡜ୖᡭࡃᢅ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊඛࡢ➨ 6 ẁⴠ➨㸯ᩥ┠ࡢ “the same team” ࡣࠊࡇࡢ◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍ࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ࠙࠸ࠚࡀ㐺ษ࡞ᤄධ⟠ᡤ࡜࡞ࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨ➨6ၥ㛗ᩥ୰࿴ᩥⱥヂၥ 1. ࠕࣅࢡࢺࣜ࢔ᮅ(Victorian era)ࡢ᤼Ỉయ⣔࡛ࡣ኱ᖜ࡞ேཱྀቑຍ࡟ᑐฎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢᡂ㛗ࡶࡲࡓၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠖᮏᩥ୰࡟࠶ࡿ⾲⌧࠿ࡽࠊࠕ᤼Ỉࠖࡣ drainࠊࠕయ⣔ࠖࡣ system ࡞࡝ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ࠕ኱ᖜ࡞ேཱྀ
ቑຍ࡟ᑐฎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖࡣ cannot deal with the significant population increase / is unable to cope with thehuge increase in population / is incapable of addressing the drastic population growth / fails to handle thepopulation explosion ࡞࡝࡜⾲ࡏࡿࠋࠕࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢᡂ㛗ࡶࡲࡓၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡣ ~, which makes the growthof London problematic, too / the growth of London is also a problem / London’s development also comes toan issue ࡞࡝࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ၥ 2. ࠕᬮ໬ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࣇࣛࢵࢩࣗࣇࣛࢵࢻࡢཎᅉ࡜࡞ࡿ⃭ࡋࡃ▷᫬㛫ࡢ✺Ⓨⓗᅵ◁㝆ࡾࡀࠊࡼࡾ㢖⦾࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ᮏᩥ୰࡟࠶ࡿ⾲⌧࠿ࡽࠊࠕᬮ໬ࠖࡣ a warmer atmosphere ࠊࠕࣇࣛࢵࢩࣗࣇࣛࢵࢻࠖࡣ flash floods/ flash flooding ࡞࡝ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ࠕᬮ໬ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㹼ࡀࠊࡼࡾ㢖⦾࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

ࡿࠖࡣ a warmer atmosphere has resulted in more frequent ~ / warming means ~ are becoming more common/ the warming has more frequently seen ~ ࡞࡝࡜⾲ࡏࡿࠋࠕ㹼ࡢཎᅉ࡜࡞ࡿ⃭ࡋࡃ▷᫬㛫ࡢ✺Ⓨⓗᅵ◁㝆ࡾࠖࡣ occurrences of intense and brief downpours responsible for ~ / heavy short-duration downpours
which cause ~ / sudden and short downpours causing ~ / heavy rainfalls that occur unexpectedly in a shorttime, triggering ~ ࡞࡝࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ၥ 3.

ࠕ㇦㞵ࡢ᥋㏆ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࣇࣛࢵࢩࣗࣇࣛࢵࢻࡢ༴㝤ࢆῶࡽࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠖᮏᩥ୰࡟࠶ࡿ⾲⌧࠿ࡽࠊࠕ㇦㞵ࠖࡣ intense rainfall / extreme rainfallࠊࠕࣇࣛࢵࢩࣗࣇࣛࢵࢻࠖࡣ flashfloods / flash flooding ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡼ࠸ࠋ
ࠕ᥋㏆ࠖࡣ approach / be on one’s wayࠊࠕᢕᥱࡍࡿࠖࡣ detect/ know / sense / foresee ࠊࠕ㹼ࡢ༴㝤ࢆῶࡽࡍࠖࡣ reduce the risk of ~ / mitigate the risk of ~ ࠊࠕ㹼ࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࠖࡣ help (to) do ~ / be more likely to do ~ / make it easier to do ~ࠊࠕ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠖࡣ can / may~ ࡞࡝࡜⾲ࡏࡿࠋࡲࡓࠕ㹼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠖࡣ↓⏕≀ࡢ୺ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲ࡍ࡯࠿࡟ࠊby doing~ ࡜ᡭẁࢆ⾲ࡍ๪モ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋҫָ෨਒ָ༩ඍߏϟϑΨㅮホ➨ 1 ၥ㹙ᩥἲ࣭ㄒἲ 4 ᢥ㹛 㸦ᶆ‽㸧㢖ฟࡢㄒἲ࣭࢖ࢹ࢕࣒࢜ࡢ▱㆑ࡀᖜᗈࡃၥࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⥲ࡌ࡚ᶆ‽ⓗ࡞Ⰻၥࠋ☜ᐇ࡟ᚓⅬࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ➨ 2 ၥ㹙ㄒྃᩚᗎ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ⱥᩥἲࡢᇶᮏࢆࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊṇゎ࡛ࡁࡿⰋၥࠋ☜ᐇ➨ 3 ၥ㹙㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ࠕAI ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㠃᥋ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗグ஦ࢆᇶ࡟ࡋࡓ㛗ᩥࠋ๓

࡟ᚓⅬࡋࡓ࠸ࠋᮇ࡜ྠᵝࡢฟ㢟ᙧᘧ࡛ࠊෆᐜࡸヰ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᥎⬟ຊࡀၥࢃࢀࡿࠋ
➨ 4 ၥ㹙㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ㹛㸦ࡸࡸ᫆㸧 ࠕᔒࡀࣂࣜ࢔࣮ᓥࡢᬒほኚ໬࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋ๓ᮇ࡜
ྠᵝࡢฟ㢟ᙧᘧ࡛ࠊᩥ❶ෆᐜࡶẚ㍑ⓗᖹ࡛᫆ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ

➨ 5 ၥ㹙㛗ᩥ⥲ྜ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕ㐨ල౑⏝࡜ゝㄒ⬟ຊ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥࠋㄝ᫂ၥ㢟ࡣ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡍ࡭ࡁ⟠ᡤࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࡣぢࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛グ㏙ࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ࡢุ᩿࡟㏞࠺࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ୍㒊᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚௙ୖࡆࡿ
ࡢࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸⟠ᡤࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࠋ

➨ 6 ၥ㹙㛗ᩥ୰ⱥヂ㹛㸦ᶆ‽㸧ࠕ␗ᖖẼ㇟࡟ࡼࡿ㒔ᕷ㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㕲◙Ỉࡢࣜࢫࢡቑຍࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿⱥᩥ୰ࡢ࿴ᩥⱥヂၥ㢟ࠋⱥᩥ୰࡟ⱝᖸ༢ㄒࡢࣄࣥࢺࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᇶᮏ࡜࡞ࡿⱥᩥᵓ㐀ࢆண᝿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶẚ㍑ⓗᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿࠋ

࣐࣮ࢡ㒊ศࠊグ㏙㒊ศ࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ᫖ᖺᗘᚋᮇࡼࡾࡶྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡸࡍ࠸ࠋグ㏙㒊ศࡢฟ᮶࡛ᕪࡀࡘࡃࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ1 ḟྜ᱁ࡢࡓࡵࡢ┠ᶆࡣ 65㸣

本解答速報の内容に関するお問合せは

0120-146-156

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https://www.mebio.co.jp/

03-3370-0410

0120-192-215

https://yms.ne.jp/

https://www.mebio-eishinkan.com/

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