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東北大学・環境水質工学研究室
Members:
佐野大輔 准教授
アマラシリ モハン 助教
博士課程後期学生２名
大学院研究生１名
博士課程前期学生４名
学部生２名
Oct. 20183 
東北大学・環境水質工学研究室の研究内容
健康リスク研究グループ

中央省庁
地方自治体
企業

水安全計画・衛生安全計画等に適用可能な水質汚染リスク評価
・管理技術の構築

事業性・法制度研究グループ

研究室ゼミ等
での情報共有地域性を考慮した
上下水道事業形態の提案（農業系事業体などとの連携）

4

共同研究先
アメリカ・イリノイ大学
スペイン・バルセロナ大学
スイス・スイス連邦工科大学
ローザンヌ校海外研究機関水・物質循環研究グループ

社会インフラ（ダム等）における微生物代謝による炭素・窒素等の物質循環経路の解明

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2727
Miura et al., 2013. J. Virol.,87(17), 9441-9451.

genogroup I (GI.1) and the prototype strain of norovirus, bind toCopyright
2013, secretor-positive
American Society for Microbiology.
AllandRights
Reserved.
A carbohydrates
HBGAs insaliva ©fromindividuals
preferendoi:10.1128/JVI.01060-13
to H typecanrecognizetiallya bind 1, Lewis b (Leb), and type A carbohydrates
authors have paidVLPs
a fee toof
allow
immediate
free accessto this article. a(11, 14).TheFurthermore,GII.4(r104)
can recognize
n other genotypes
broader range of blood group carbohydrates than other genotypes
hanged over time(12) although the ligand binding patterns have changed over time

Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Like Substances of Human EntericBacteria as Specific Adsorbents for Human Noroviruses
Takayuki Miura,a Daisuke Sano,a Atsushi Suenaga,a Takeshi Yoshimura,a Miyu Fuzawa,a Toyoko Nakagomi,b Osamu Nakagomi,bSatoshi Okabea
Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japana; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japanbuman noroviruses (HuNoVs) are major causative agents ofnonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans, which constitute a substantial disease burden worldwide (1). Noroviruses belong to the genus Norovirus in the family Caliciviridae. The genus
Norovirus is divided into five genogroups, i.e., GI, GII, GIII, GIV,

(15). The importance of the HBGA recognition pattern for
HuNoV infections has been emphasized because GII.4 strains are
the most prevalent etiological agents of infectious diseases caused
by norovirus, probably because of their broad HBGA recognition
profile.

Downloaded from http://jvi.asm.org/ on August 14, 20H28

Copyright

doi:10.1128

The author

jvi.asm.org 9441
Journal of VirologyJournal of Virology p. 9441–9451
September 2013 Volume 87 Number 17

Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been suggested to be receptors or coreceptors for human noroviruses (HuNoVs) expressed on the intestinal epithelium. We isolated an enteric bacterium strain (SENG-6), closely related to Enterobacter cloacae,
bearing HBGA-like substances from a fecal sample of a healthy individual by using a biopanning technique with anti-HBGA antibodies. The binding capacities of four genotypes of norovirus-like particles (NoVLPs) to Enterobacter sp. SENG-6 cells wereconfirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that NoVLPs
bound mainly to extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Enterobacter sp. SENG-6, where the HBGA-like substances werelocalized. EPS that contained HBGA-like substances extracted from Enterobacter sp. SENG-6 was shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to be capable of binding to NoVLPs of a GI.1 wild-type strain (8fIIa) and a GII.6 strain that can recognize A antigen but not to an NoVLP GI.1 mutant strain (W375A) that loses the ability to bind to A antigen. Enzymatic cleavageof terminal N-acetyl-galactosamine residues in the bacterial EPS weakened bacterial EPS binding to the GI.1 wild-type strain(8fIIa). These results indicate that A-like substances in the bacterial EPS play a key role in binding to NoVLPs. Since the specificbinding of HuNoVs to HBGA-positive enteric bacteria is likely to affect the transmission and infection processes of HuNoVs intheir hosts and in the environment, further studies of human enteric bacteria and their binding capacity to HuNoVs will provide
a new scientific platform for understanding interactions between two types of microbes that were previously regarded as biologically unrelated.

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without EPS

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with EPS

Virus Removel
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with EPSEnterobacter sp. SENG-6
without EPS

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Norovirus    20152017

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33
33
（Science, 346(6210), 755-759, 2014).

This picture is licensed by Dr. Makiko Watanabe, University of Florida(http://first.lifesciencedb.jp/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Watanabe-Science-14.11.7Fig.2.jpg).

34
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0.0

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This study

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5.0

6.0

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4.0

Andri Taruna Rachmadi

7.0This studyUSEPA 1986

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This study

AdV serotype 40 (Baxter et al., 2007, Page et al., 2009. BDF Buffer, pH 7-8.5, Temp of 5°C)
AdV serotype 2(Baxter et al., 2007, Page et al., 2009. BDF Buffer, pH 7-8.5, Temp of 5°C)

Echo 1(Black et al., 2009. BDF Buffer, pH 7-9, 5°C)

(Black et al., 2009. BDF Buffer, pH 7-9, Temp of 5°C)

Echo 12
Rachmadi et al., to be submitted8.0 : Disinfection-susceptible strain

Water/Wastewater
disinfection: Disinfection-resistant strain

Host3737

3838 Genetic diversity
orincreased

Entericvirus

decreased
HostMutation
Environment

Genetic Drift
Genetic Drift
Gene flow

Selection(mainly caused byimmune pressure)

Gene flow
Selection

Recombination3939Test virusMurine norovirusMNVS7-PP3
as human norovirus surrogate

Free chlorine
treatment
22.5mg/Lmin)

Purificationof viralparticles

NaOCl

NGS analysis

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RAW 264.7 cells

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

432
10

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12345Cycle

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Non-exposedExposed

321012345Cycle

678910Rachmadi et al., 2018, AEM4141

4242

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Ori = Original population
TP = Free chlorine-treated population
NP = Control population
1st and 2nd = First and second trials
Rachmadi et al., 2018, AEM

43

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First trial

Second trial

T7280C (VP2:F200S) was shared between
these two trails
Rachmadi et al., 2018, AEM

Log reduction ratio


2.044


OutlierMaximum

1.5
Upper quartile
MedianLower quartile

101.0MinimumControl clones vsfree chlorine-treated clones
Manuscript is published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Rachmadi AT., Kitajima, Watanabe K., Yaegashi S., Serrana J., Nakamura A., Nakagomi T., Nakagomi O.,
Katayama K., M.,Okabe, S., Sano, D. 2018. Free-chlorine disinfection as a selection pressure on norovirus.
84:e00244-18, doi:10.1128/AEM.00244-18.

 4545

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