Secure Japan 2008
－ Intensive Efforts for Enhancing Information Security Infrastructure －Information Security Policy Council
June 19, 2008

Contents
Chapter 1: Action and Evaluation Based on Secure Japan 2007................................................ 2
Section 1: Background of action based on Secure Japan 2007 .............................................. 2
Section 2: Priority Goals and Pillars of Effort in FY2007 ..................................................... 2
Section 3: Evaluation of FY2007 ........................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2: Basic Policy for Addressing Information Security in FY2008............................... 13
Section 1: Issues in FY2008................................................................................................. 13
Section 2: Priorities of Information Security Measures in FY2007..................................... 14
Chapter 3: Strengthening of Information Security Measures in Four Implementation Fields. 15
Section 1: Central Government/Local Governments ........................................................... 15
Section 2: Critical Infrastructures ........................................................................................ 32
Section 3: Businesses ........................................................................................................... 39
Section 4: Individuals........................................................................................................... 47
Chapter 4: Formation of Cross-Sectoral Information Security Infrastructure............................ 54
Section 1: Promotion of Strategy concerning Information Security Technology ................ 54
Section 2: Developing/Ensuring Human Resources Engaged in Information Security.................... 59
Section 3: Promotion of International Partnership and Cooperation ................................... 61
Section 4: Crime Control and Protection and Redemption of Rights and Benefit............... 66
Chapter 5: Policy Promotion System and Structure of Continuous Improvement..................... 71
Section 1: Policy Promotion System.................................................................................... 71
Section 2: Partnerships with Other Related Organizations .................................................. 73
Section 3: Establishment of the Structure of Continuous Improvement .............................. 74
Chapter 6 Issues to Be Addressed Urgently in FY2009........................................................... 77~ Development of Infrastructure towards Establishment of Systems to Promote Sustainable
Information Security Measures ~Section 1 Developing the Foundation for Establishing Systems to Promote Sustainable
Information Security Measures by the Government ............................................................ 78
Section 2 Developing the Foundation for Establishing Systems to Promote Sustainable
Information Security Measures in Areas of Implementation of Measures........................... 80

Chapter 1: Action and Evaluation Based on Secure Japan 2007
Section 1: Background of action based on Secure Japan 2007
As dependence on IT increases in daily and socio-economic activities in Japan,
information security has become an important issue in ensuring the safety and securityof IT use. Under these circumstances, Secure Japan 2006 (hereinafter referred to as“SJ2006”) was formulated in FY2006, as part of the efforts for the initial year of theFirst National Strategy on Information Security (hereinafter referred to as the“National Strategy”), a three-year plan for FY2006-FY2008. As a consequence, thefollowing progress was made in this initial stage:
1) Emerging awareness about information security in the respective implementing
bodies2) Commencement of specific efforts by each implementing body3) Establishment of information security promotion systems and a sustainableimprovement structure
Based on this progress, the main issues in the following stage that began at the startof FY2007 were maintaining systems to promote the established information security
measures by both the public and private sectors and achieving a stable promotion
system for those measures, including improving insufficient measures. The efforts for
information security in FY2007 were made in line with this direction.
Section 2: Priority Goals and Pillars of Effort in FY2007
In June FY2007 (the second year of the National Strategy), we developed an annual
plan entitled “Secure Japan 2007” (hereinafter referred to as “SJ2007”), setting
priorities for the government’s information security measures.
SJ2007 aims to improve information security measures in the public and private
sectors, adopting the following priorities: 1) maintaining and improving common
awareness, since such awareness is generally infused into each public and private
sector body; 2) continuously pursuing state-of-the-art technology, while giving
consideration to the discussions at the Information Security Technology Strategy
Expert Committee; 3) strengthening the strategic response capacity of the public sector,
while maintaining a balance with the protection of human rights and the ensuring oftransparency and legality in the public sector; and 4) maintaining and strengthening
partnership and cooperation among international organizations. In keeping with thesepriorities, each body made progress in its efforts to implement measures.
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Specifically, in continuation from FY2006, the competent ministries and agencies,
including the Cabinet Secretariat, were to undertake a total of 159 projects byimplementing specific measures based on the three pillars of the National Strategy:
namely,“four

implementation

fields,”“cross-sectoral

information

security

infrastructure” and “policy promotion system and structure of continuous
improvement (enhancement of policy promotion system, cooperation with concernedorganizations, and establishment of a structure of continuous improvement).”
SJ2007 also specified the direction of the priority measures for FY2008, titled“Intensive Efforts for Enhancing Information Security Infrastructure,” and listed a
total of 24 specific measures such as “intensive efforts to develop and secure humanresources engaged in information security,” “intensive efforts for international
collaboration in information security” and “comprehensive efforts to enhance theinformation security of e-Government.”
Section 3: Evaluation of FY2007
National Information Security Center (referred to as “NISC” in the text of Chapter 1
and Chapter 2) has conducted evaluations, etc., 1 on the conditions brought about by theefforts of SJ2007. “Evaluation, etc., of Information Security Policies in FY2007”(hereinafter referred to as the “Evaluation 2007”) was formulated and reported to the
Information Security Policy Council. This publication aims to draw out the directions
suggested by the Evaluation 2007, identify the current conditions that predicate theformulation of the annual plan for FY2008, and evaluate the efforts made in FY2007.
The major viewpoint here is not to comprehensively grasp the changes in society caused
by information security policies and all the incidents associated with information security,
but to understand the essential conditions prior to the discussion on policies for FY2008.
This publication, based on these recognitions of the current situation, describes basic
policies for FY2008 in Chapter 2, and outlines specific efforts to be addressed in FY2008
in Chapter 3 to Chapter 5. Since mid-term issues can be drawn from the evaluations,
Chapter 6 discusses the direction of priority measures in FY2009.
1. Evaluation/Analysis

1

In Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 of this publication, “Evaluations, supplementary study and analysis, etc. in line withevaluation criteria” are expressed as “evaluations, etc.”, in accordance with the definition of the “Operational
Policies for Evaluations based on Evaluation Criteria” of the “Evaluations, etc., toward Realization of Secure
Japan and Promotion of Reasonable and Continuous Improvements” (decision made on February 2, 2007 by the
Information Security Policy Council).

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The results of 159 specific measures to have been implemented within FY2007 inline with SJ2007 were classified and evaluated as follows:A:

144 measures (90.6%, including 5 A’ measures)+B:

1 measure (0.6%)B:

12 measures (7.5 %)C:

1 measure (0.6%)-:

1 measure (0.6%)○ A : Measures implemented as initially planned
Note: A dash is added if it is found from the progress of the operation related
to the measures and from the hearing of the personnel in charge that there
were problems with the systems and personnel that needed to be resolved in
the future, although the measures had been implemented.
+○ B : Efforts have been steadily implemented, and the measures are to becompleted within several months although not within the fiscal year
○ B : Measures have not been implemented as planned, but can be implemented in
the end through continuous efforts○ C : Measures failed to be implemented as planned without prospect for the future○ – : Measures failed to be implemented due to factors beyond the control ofgovernment agencies.

The measures that SJ2007 determined should be put into effect within FY2007
were started by each competent authority, and about 90% have progressed as
initially scheduled. Of the remaining 10% of the measures (15 measures), which
failed to progress as planned, seven were measures that required support from allministries and agencies but had not been completed by some, such as thedevelopment of an information asset registry and shift to using “go.jp” as a domain
name, six were measures that could not be completed within FY2007 despite being
implemented, such as the conclusion of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty, one
was a measure that failed to be promoted for reasons beyond the control of thegovernment, including the revision of the criminal law, and one was a measure thatwas determined to be unnecessary in view of the outcomes of other measures.
The 144 measures rated as A were implemented as planned due to the efforts of
the responsible officers at each ministry and agency, while the five measures rated
as A’ are connected with implementation by government agencies: namely, the-4-

“establishment of a PDCA cycle at each government agency,” “establishment of a
PDCA cycle for the whole government,” “evaluation, etc. of the progress in
implementing measures,” “evaluation, etc. of information security management”
and “enhancement of information security measures and implementation ofcross-ministerial approaches.” This implies that the issue is still one of insufficientsystems and personnel, despite the continuous and strenuous efforts of thegovernment to implement measures.
Some measures rated as A still require continuous efforts. These measures, andparticularly those measures rated lower than A, will entail continuous andprogressive efforts in FY2008, the final year of the National Strategy.

2. Evaluation/Analysis of Social Changes Brought about by Efforts to Implement
Measures(a) Policy Field(i) Central government/local governments
Based on the results of intensive inspections of web servers, etc. in FY2007,
although it cannot necessarily be concluded that the government’s measures havereached a sufficient level, it can be said that the level has been raised considerably,
thanks to certain achievements being accomplished in a short period of time. This
seems to be attributable in large part to the continuous and all-out efforts ofgovernment ministries and agencies, led by the competent departments, including
the securing of necessary budgets and implementation of measures. Education
centers and education tools have been developed, signifying the improvement ofsystems/infrastructure that will contribute to the development of human resources
engaged in information security.
However, some issues have surfaced when looking at the systems currently inplace. For example, there are only a few officers assigned to be in charge of thewhole organization. Also, officers are often unable to acquire a sufficient level ofexpertise, since they are transferred from one position to another on a two- tothree-year cycle, even though the positions require expertise. Moreover, someorganizations do not always have a top-down decision-making structure in placewith regard to information security measures. The upgrading of the level ofmeasures is approaching the limit of response capacity, and thus further efforts areneeded to enhance the systems.
Efforts have also been moving forward to promote e-Government/e-Local
Governments, and it remains essential to take the perspective of information-5-

security into consideration when promoting such efforts.
(ii) Critical infrastructures
FY2007 saw the completion of the development of the CEPTOAR in all 10
fields, as well as the compilation of review policies for the establishment of the
CEPTOAR Council (provisional name). In continuation from FY2006,
cross-sectoral exercises were conducted for the second consecutive year, incooperation between the public and private sectors, in the form of “functional
exercises” that are closer to the actual responses. These factors would suggest thata framework/system is gradually being formed to promote information sharing andcommunication/coordination between public and private entities, while ensuringbusiness continuity as an axis. It can also be said that awareness of the importanceof measures has gradually been raised through these efforts by the public andprivate sectors. It is necessary to continue to make further efforts in the future byidentifying the merits thereof, so that such efforts can proceed while fully
respecting the initiatives of business operators.
(iii) Businesses
Measures/systems are being steadily upgraded in the business sector. Awarenessof the importance of measures is also improving. This seems to be significantly
affected by the fact that information leaks and system failures might cause a lossof trust and economic loss through re-investment in measures. A further increase inawareness of the importance of IT control following the enforcement of the
Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (the Japanese version of the SOX Act) in
FY2007 can also be listed as a contributing factor.
On the other hand, since there has been no noticeable change in the installationof anti-virus software, it is inferred that investment in information security
measures tends to be made through management decisions by each entity based oncomparison with economic losses.
It is also pointed out that the effect of information security measures is hard toobserve. Furthermore, excessive investment in security may occur, since theminimum measures that would need to be taken are not clearly identified, and“precaution fatigue” is sometimes mentioned. In addition, concerns are raised that
there is a gap in awareness between pioneering companies and small-sizedcompanies.
Taking these conditions into account, it could be assumed that an equilibrium
point is being reached in the promotion of efforts under the existing framework of-6-

measures. It is also possible that the security that can be assured under the current
level of technology has reached its limit.
In order to further promote the efforts, it would be effective to define the meritsof continuous measures, to clarify the minimum level that needs to be attained, andto promote efforts from the perspective of business continuity.
(iv) Individuals
Since support from other bodies in the area of individuals is more important
than in other implementation fields, various efforts have been promoted under
SJ2007 with a focus on dissemination and PR activities/information transmission
concerning information security. For example, periodic upgrades of OSs and theinstallation/utilization of anti-virus software have gradually improved in recent
years, with a resultant improvement in awareness of information security as awhole.
On the other hand, the level of awareness of new risks, such as bots, is still low,
and the prospects of continuous improvement in awareness are not particularly
encouraging. There is a generation or gender gap in awareness of the need formeasures and in the progress in implementing measures.
From now on, in the area of individuals, it is necessary to continue to further
efforts for dissemination and PR activities/information transmission, while
reviewing the effectiveness of measures based on emerging changes, such as
threats, etc. Eliminating the age/gender gap, in particular, is an important issue.
(v) Promoting information security technology strategy
In the area of technological development and R&D, a Beta version of the Secure
VM (Virtual Machine) has been released, and efforts are progressing smoothly.
Progress is also being made in the construction of a framework fortechnology/R&D in the field of information security involving the whole
government. However, a full-fledged implementation of strategic efforts undersuch a framework has yet to happen, and effective promotion is required.
(vi) Developing/Ensuring human resources engaged in information security
In response to the report of the Specialist Committee on Human Resources
Development/Systematization of Qualifications 2 , a range of efforts have been
2

“The Report of the Specialist Committee on Human Resources Development/Systematization of
Qualifications,” Specialist Committee on Human Resources Development/Systematization of Qualifications,
Information Security Policy Council (January 23, 2007)-7-

made by both the public and private sectors in the field of human resources . As aresult, it is fair to say that there has been much progress in the development ofsystems/foundations for developing and securing human resources, and awarenessabout human resources development has started to spread. However, the day has
yet to come where the systems and foundations are solidly established and humanresources development can be implemented in a self-sustainable manner. It willtake time before many people can genuinely exercise their capacity as humanresources engaged in information security. It is therefore fair to say that securing
human resources that can meet the needs of society as a whole is still at an earlystage.
(vii) Promotion of international partnership and cooperation
Japan has been actively involved in discussion processes through participating
in international conferences and holding international conference workshops. In
FY2007, in addition to these efforts, we have formulated the basic policies forinternational contribution to be initiated by Japan in the area of information
security 3 and have started full-scale efforts for international cooperation andcoordination. However, at present, we have just presented various policy
suggestions towards international cooperation and coordination. It is thus
important to take continuous action towards achieving the content of thesesuggestions.
(viii) Crime control and protection and redemption of rights and benefit
Certain efforts have been made to improve the investigative capacity against
new forms of crime and illegal conduct occurring in cyberspace, to facilitate
system development and reduce mid- and long-term risks. With respect to reducing
risks through the development of safety and security technology, the technology
itself is still being developed, and it is necessary to continue and accelerate these
efforts.
(b) Social Conditions(i) Human aspect (human resource, awareness, system/institution)
In the area of human resources, it is reasonable to conclude that there wasprogress in the development of systems/foundations for human resources in
FY2007, through the active efforts of both the public and private sectors, and3“Efforts for International Cooperation/Contribution of Japan in the Area of Information Security,” Information
Security Policy Council (October 3, 2007)-8-

awareness of human resources development has penetrated the whole of society.
However, the day has yet to come when the systems are solidly established andhuman resources development can be implemented in a self-sustainable manner.
We are still groping for a specific method for human resources development, and itis thus fair to say that efforts remain at an early stage.
In the area of awareness, FY2006 saw an emerging awareness of the necessityof information security measures. In FY2007, awareness of information
security-related threats and of the necessity of measures improved due to factors
such as the promotion of the various efforts based on SJ2007, mass media reports(crucial information leaks, failures of fundamental IT systems, etc.), and theincreasing amount of unauthorized computer access and network-based crimes. It
is thought that awareness about information security is gradually increasing,although causes vary.
In the area of systems, this was the year in which a framework for the promotionof specific measures proceeded in a step-by-step manner. However, the response
system for the implementation of government agency measures is thought to bereaching the limit of its response capacity under the existing system, even thoughstrenuous efforts continue to be made for the promotion of measures. Thus, further
efforts to enhance systems are required. In critical infrastructures, aframework/system is gradually being formed to promote information sharing andcommunication/coordination among public and private entities, while ensuringbusiness continuity as an axis. Private companies have promoted efforts for theenhancement of measures and systems, including organizational responses, as
represented by the continuous increase in the number of business operators thathave acquired Information System Management Systems (ISMS).
(ii) Physical aspects (investment, technology, hardware, software, network)
There has been no significant change in physical aspects, but it is fair to say that
there has been consistent investment made in the factors necessary to implement
measures in a solid fashion. Government agencies have steadily promoted systemmeasures, such as starting development of the Government Security Operation
Coordination team (hereinafter referred to as the “GSOC”) and allocating the samelevel of budget as last year for system construction associated with compliancewith the “Standards for Information Security Measures for the Central
Government Computer Systems.” Since private companies had not madesignificant changes till FY2006 in terms of installing anti-virus software andcomprehensive security software, it is inferred that investment in information-9-

security measures tends to be made through management decisions by eachbusiness entity based on comparison with economic losses. In the field ofindividuals, the overall level has been raised, but there is still a generation/gender
gap and it is desirable to improve the implementation status, starting with theacquisition of necessary protective software.
It can be said that a variety of efforts have been making steady progress in termsof R&D/technology development. Owing to the results of these efforts, it isexpected that the technological limit to ensure security will be extended and thatmeasures will make substantial progress.
(iii) Circumstances (incidents/events, market, etc.)
With respect to circumstances, information leakages arising from computerviruses or file-sharing software have continued to occur,, and the amount ofunauthorized computer access and Internet-based crimes has been on the rise inrecent years. As IT has become increasingly integrated as an infrastructure inpeople’s lives and socio-economic activities, we have continuously seen incidents
where system failures caused by internal factors resulted in serious consequences.
From the viewpoint of changing risks, in addition to the traditional defacing of
web sites or DoS attacks 4 on web servers, the stealing of critical information bysending malware 5 attached to e-mails to specific organizations and companies andthreatening of companies by sending warnings of attacks have occurred atgovernment agencies and companies. The aims of such acts have changed from
crimes for pleasure to economic interests. At an individual level, “bot” 6 infections,which are hard to detect and whose damage is hard to determine, have continued
to occur, resulting in unspecified damages.
Under these circumstances, while each entity has been making efforts of its own,
the methods/objectives of attacks are constantly changing and their damage is hardto detect, meaning that risks to information security have not necessarily been
reduced.
3. Overall Evaluation

4

Attack to suspend or reduce the function of services by sending a large amount of illicit data or packets toservers or network devices via the network (Internet)
5
A general term for programs such as computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, bots, etc., that infect computers
to be used for illicit acts
6
A type of computer virus: a program that aims to manipulate a computer infected with the virus from outside
via the network (Internet)- 10 -

In FY2007, the efforts listed in SJ2007 have generally proceeded as planned, andthe maximum effort was made to (1) maintain a system to promote information
security measures in both the public and private sectors, and (2) stabilize thepromotion of measures.
With respect to the status of efforts to implement measures, various indexes clearly
indicate that there has been some progress. There have also been advances made in“upgrading the level of information security measures in the public and private
sectors,” which has been prioritized when stabilizing the promotion of measures. With
respect to measures by government agencies, in particular, the strenuous efforts of therelevant offices of government agencies based on the PDCA cycle have produced
positive effects, and it is fair to say that certain improvements in conditions have been
attained in a short period of time, even if things are still at a level requiring
enhancement.
The following has been achieved in relation to the “four basic policies” listed in the
National Strategy and set forth in SJ2007.
1) The common awareness of public and private entities associated with information
security has been strengthened. For example, there has been improvement in theawareness of implementation bodies, such as government agencies, criticalinfrastructure operators, etc., and in awareness associated with human resources,
which are the foundation of cross-sectoral information security.
2) In terms of technology, there has been progress in developing an environment
where prioritized investment can be made in the field of information security by
the government as a whole and in developing issue-solving types of technology,
and state-of-the-art technology is being continuously pursued. In the future, itwill be necessary to increase the level of the technological limit through such
efforts.
3) With respect to enhancing the response capacity in the public sector, it issignificant that a system is being built to prevent cyber attacks on government
agencies and the occurrence of IT system failures in agencies, and to provide
prompt and accurate responses to such incidents.
4) In terms of promoting cooperation and coordination, full-fledged international
actions have been launched in response to the development of the national
strategy for international coordination and contribution. At the same time,
regarding cooperation/coordination among domestic public and private entities,
even though the NISC is serving as a contact point, there has not yet beencross-sectoral communication among entities, and this is one of the issues for the- 11 -

future.
Based on the above factors, the achievements attained through the efforts made in
FY2007 can be summarized in the following four points: 1) maintenance/improvementof awareness of information security at each entity, 2) steady promotion of specificefforts in each field of implementation, 3) steady promotion of specific efforts
covering the cross-sectoral field of information security infrastructure, and 4)
maintenance and enhancement of information security promotion systems andpromotion of policy management based on a sustainable improvement structure.
However, there exist some points where efforts are approaching their limit under the
existing promotion systems or existing framework of measures, as can be seen ingovernment agencies and private corporations. There are also some points where theexisting technological level is reaching its limit, as can be seen in the area oftechnology.
As mentioned in the Evaluation of Information Security Policies of FY2006, there
are policies to be taken continuously on a mid- and long-term basis, such as
developing and ensuring human resources, policies that require accelerated efforts
because full-fledged efforts are still an early stage, such as international
cooperation/coordination, and policies to be taken promptly and intensively in a timely
manner as urgent issues, such as enhancing the information security of e-Government.
Furthermore, since no drastic risk reduction has been achieved amidst the current
situation, where existing information security issues are still present and new
information security issues are emerging, the impact (outcome) of information security
policies on society cannot be sufficiently assessed. Thus, it seems necessary to proceedwith efforts to produce effects on society.
Active and intensive efforts are expected in the final year of the plan (FY2008), sothat Japan can truly become a country with advanced information security through theefforts of these three years, based on the National Strategy.

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Chapter 2: Basic Policy for Addressing Information Security in FY2008
Section 1: Issues in FY2008
Secure Japan 2008 (hereinafter referred to as “SJ2008”) sets out priority measures forthe information security of the government of Japan in FY2008, the last fiscal year of theefforts under the National Strategy, based on the efforts and their evaluation results of
FY2007.
Three major issues need to be addressed in FY2008, the final year of the three-year
National Strategy. First, studies need to be conducted on a method that will bringabout a breakthrough in the limitations of existing promotion systems, framework ofmeasures and technological level. Second, some measures need to be put firmly inplace: for instance, the development and ensuring of human resources, which requires
mid- and long-term efforts; international cooperation/coordination, which requires anacceleration of efforts; and enhancing the information security of e-Government,
which requires prompt and intensive efforts. Third, it is necessary to promote efforts
so that information security policies can generate a social impact (outcome).
In terms of the first issue, it seems necessary to implement measures as planned for
FY2008 while getting a more accurate grasp of the current situation, and at the sametime to discuss drastic measures from a long-term standpoint. Currently, members of
the review panel are holding various discussions for the formulation of the next
National Strategy, with a view to the period from FY2009 onwards. It is necessary to
discuss the measures from a long-term perspective so that they can be implemented ona full scale under the next plan.
The area related to the second issue is creating a foundation that is firm and strong
enough to promote mainly the measures for information security. Japan can only truly
become a country with advanced information security when there is a combination ofpromotion of the measures taken by implementing bodies and a firm and strong
foundation. Efforts have been made by setting priority goals mainly in theimplementation fields in FY2006 and FY2007. In addition to this, it is necessary in
FY2008 to make intensive efforts towards enhancing the information security
infrastructure.
With respect to the third issue, it is necessary to consider the time lag between theimplementation of measures and the manifestation of their social impacts (outcomes).
As described thus far, information security measures have produced steady outputs(progress in efforts), and it is therefore necessary to proactively continue the efforts- 13 -

while making revisions if there are problems regarding the feasibility and direction of
measures. From this standpoint, the measures should continue to be upgraded inaccordance with the PDCA cycle.
It can be said that a relatively large proportion of projects implemented before
FY2007 have focused on developing the foundations for efforts, such as tools andsystems – in other words, on building a platform for the manifestation of social
impacts (outcomes). Examples of such projects are the development of the GSOC,
discussions for the establishment of the CEPTOAR Council in the area of criticalinfrastructure, development of guidelines to cope with the Japanese version of SOX in
the business sector, efforts for the establishment of a council for public and private
partnerships in the area of human resources, and submission of various suggestions tointernational conferences. While using such a foundation for the efforts, it is also
necessary, in the future, to proceed with efforts for a manifestation of the outcomes –the fruits of the efforts.
Section 2: Priorities of Information Security Measures in FY2007
The focal point of Japan’s information security measures in FY2008 is to continue
efforts for a manifestation of substantial social impacts (outcomes) through “intensive
efforts to enhance the information security infrastructure,” while considering
responses to the limitations of existing promotion systems based on a long-term
perspective, the frameworks for measures and the technological level. With respect tothe four basic policies listed in the National Strategy, the following four efforts will bemade: (1) continuous efforts to maintain/improve shared awareness between public
and private entities, (2) efforts to somewhat overcome the limitations of existing
technology through pursuing advanced technology, (3) continuous efforts to enhance
the response capability of the public sector, such as efforts related to GSOC, and (4)efforts to enhance outputs through stronger cooperation/coordination of both domestic
and international entities.

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Chapter 3: Strengthening of Information Security Measures in Four Implementation Fields
Information security measures in SJ2008, as in SJ2007, are grouped into four areas inaccordance with the implementation entities, namely, the central government/local
governments, critical infrastructures, businesses, and individuals, and specific measures
are set forth according to the characteristics of each.
Section 1: Central Government/Local Governments
A: Central Government
The Central Government of Japan, in continuation of efforts from FY2008,prioritizes the promotion of the following measures in government agencies, with the
purpose of 1) upgrading the level of the Standards for Measures 7 to the world’s
highest level by FY2008 and 2) enabling all the government agencies to implement
the measures at the level meeting the Standards for Measures by the beginning of
FY2009.
1) Establishment of the Standards for Measures and of the PDCA Cycle throughEvaluations/Recommendations Based on the Standards
In order to pull up the level of information security measures of government
agencies to the world’s highest level, the Standards for Measures will be reviewed
annually in accordance with changes in technologies and environment.
A Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle (PDCA Cycle) of the whole government will beestablished by (1) inspecting and evaluating the degree of implementation of security
measures at the government agencies within the necessary scope, based on theStandards for Measures, and (2) linking the recommendations obtained from theevaluation results to the improvement of the measures and of the Standards for
Measures. Moreover, the results of evaluations are disclosed with due regard topreserving /ensuring information security.
Furthermore, since contents, experience and other related knowledge of government
agencies are desired to serve as a reference to companies, local governments andincorporated administrative agencies, the knowledge will be disclosed anddisseminated in an understandable manner as “Best Practice”. It is also important togive sufficient consideration to assurance of the level of information security measures
7“The Standards for Measures” is the “Standards for Information Security Measures for the Central Government
Computer Systems” (decision made on December 13, 2005 by ISPC. The same applied to hereinafter)- 15 -

that contractor deploy.
[Specific Measures]
A) Implementation of the review of the Standards for Measures (Cabinet
Secretariat)
Based on the changes in technology and environment, Standards for Measures
will be reviewed in FY2008.
Furthermore, based on knowledge and experience obtained through measures bygovernment agencies, discussions will be held on the status of the Standards for
Measures and revisions will be made based on the discussion results.
B) Establishment and Penetration of the PDCA Cyclea) Establishing PDCA Cycle at each government agency (All government agencies)
Each government agency will work for the thorough establishment andpenetration of the PDCA cycle in the entire organization by, for example, taking
initiatives to improve the measures based on the results of self-assessment andauditing of the implementation of information security measures.
Particularly, in FY2008, each government agency will make efforts to improveand enhance the implementation systems associated with information security
auditing, to get an accurate understanding of the status of implementation of
measures for all employees and information systems, and to raise employee
awareness about security measures.
b) Establishing PDCA Cycle of the entire government (Cabinet Secretariat and all
government agencies)
The Cabinet Secretariat will ensure the stabilization of the PDCA Cycle of theentire government in FY2007, by assessing and evaluating the progress of measurestaken by the government agencies in accordance with the Standards for Measures,by linking the recommendations obtained from the evaluations to the improvementof the measures and upgrading of the Standards for Measures, and by developing anenvironment to ensure the systems necessary for each government agency.
C) Promotion of full-scale evaluations and disclosure of the results
The Cabinet Secretariat will conduct a full-scale evaluation and promote
improvement in the information security measures at each government agency fromthe perspectives listed below. These efforts are based on the “Evaluations, etc.,
toward Realization of Secure Japan and Promotion of Reasonable and Continuous- 16 -

Improvements” (decision made on February 2, 2007 by the ISPC) and “The Best
Form of Japanese Society and Evaluation of Measures” (decision made on February
2, 2007). At the same time, the Cabinet Secretariat will conduct discussions on theform of evaluation of government agencies after the period of the National Strategy,
based on the knowledge and experience acquired through governmental measures in
the past.
The implementation of routine evaluations will, in principle, be enforced basedon a predetermined schedule and inspection items presented to each government
agency by the Cabinet Secretariat, while taking the workload of each government
agency into consideration, except for cases where an urgent evaluation is needed,etc.
The results of evaluations are regarded as contributing to the promotion ofeffective measures and to the accountability of the entire government and will be
disclosed with consideration to preserving and ensuring information security.
a) Evaluations, etc. on implementation of measures (Cabinet Secretariat)
Evaluations on implementation of measures based on the Standards for Measuresof each government agency will be conducted on a full-scale in an objectively
comparable way, in line with the evaluation method established in the evaluations of
FY2006 and based on the reports of implementation of measures, as well as on theintensive inspections on the specific prioritized items.
b) Evaluation, etc. on information security management (Cabinet Secretariat)
With regard to evaluations of information security management at eachgovernment agency, the evaluation method and results of a pilot evaluation
performed in FY2007 will be studied in an attempt to establish an effective
evaluation method to facilitate improvements in information security measures.
D) Support for the efforts based on the Standard for Measures and promotion ofeffective operationa) Provision of information security related information (Cabinet Secretariat)
In order to promote the support for information security measures in eachgovernment agency, the Cabinet Secretariat will continue providing eachgovernment agency with information security-related information and proper advice,including technical information.
b) Efforts to tackle common issues of government agencies on information security- 17 -

measures (Cabinet Secretariat and all government agencies)
In order to facilitate efforts based on the Standards for Measures, the Cabinet
Secretariat will continue to address common issues in a concerted manner by
providing opportunities to study measures to common operational issues on
information security measures with participation of government agencies.
c) Sharing of Best Practices for information security measures (Cabinet Secretariat
and all government agencies)
In order to promote sharing of knowledge on information security measures ingovernment agencies, the Cabinet Secretariat will continue to organize information
security measures implemented in each government agencies and the response
measures obtained from above mentioned inspections, etc that are worth beingreferred to as “Best Practices” and will promote those materials to be shared among
government agencies. These practices will be organized and disclosed in such a way
as to be used by private corporations, local governments and incorporated
administrative agencies, as much as possible.
d) Improvement of efficiency (Cabinet Secretariat)
In order to ensure solid implementation of information security measures in eachgovernment agency based on the standards for government agencies in line with theStandards for Measures, the Cabinet Secretariat will continue to study methods ofimproving efficiency, including development of IT, etc., concerning operations
associated with education, self-assessment and auditing, and present the result of
the study to each government agency.
e) Integrated understanding of information systems of each government agency(Cabinet Secretariat and all government agencies)
In order for each government agency to understand and implement the
information security measures for the information systems it possesses in an
integrated and appropriate manner, each government agency will record theinformation handled by each information system and items related to information
security, including the classification of the relevant information in the information
asset registry, etc, which is compiled by each government agency.
E) Response to information leakage caused by computer viruses (All government
agencies)
In order to prevent information leakage caused by such problems as computer- 18 -

viruses that infect computers via file-swapping software, information management,
based on the Standards for Measures, will be thoroughly implemented continuously
in FY2008 by, for example, enforcing strict control on removing internal
information, and using private computers for office work at each government
agency.
F) Ensuring the level of information security measures taken by contractorsa) Use of the Conformity Assessment Scheme for Information Security
Management System, etc. (Cabinet Secretariat and all government agencies)
In order to verify the level of information security measures taken by outsourcing
candidate contractors, the Compatibility Evaluation System for Information
Security Management System and the Benchmark for Information Security
Countermeasures will be used on an as-needed basis continuously in FY2008 as
criteria for selection in government procurement.
b) Use of information security auditing system (Cabinet Secretariat and all
government agencies)
In order to appropriately evaluate and verify the level of information security
measures taken by contractors, an information security auditing system, which isbased on management standards pursuant to international standards, will be used
continuously in FY2008 on an as-needed basis.
c) Use and spread of Guidelines for Improving Reliability of Information Systems(Cabinet Secretariat and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
Guidelines for Improving Reliability of Information Systems will be revised withmore emphasis on IT governance and operations, etc. These Guidelines stipulate
measures to improve reliability of all information systems from a comprehensive
perspective, including the aspect of process managements, such as development andoperations, technique, and organization. The Guidelines will be promoted to be
utilized and prevailed throughout government agencies.
G) Support for selection/procurement of information security oriented systems(Cabinet Secretariat and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)In order to effectively and efficiently perform the procurement of IT systems withconsideration to information security in each government agency, in FY2008 theInformation-technology Promotion Agency (IPA) will start to provide support tools
via the Internet for IT security evaluations and checking the suitability of the use of- 19 -

authentication products in the authentication system. At the same time, a function
will be added to provide more detailed specifications of the authentication productsthat are already available.
Moreover, the use of said tools in government agencies, etc. will be promoted.
2) Improvement of Security Measures of Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc.
Upgrading of the level of information security of incorporated administrative
agencies and the like will be promoted based on the Standards for Measures.
Particularly, the incorporated administrative agencies will formulate security policies
if they don’t have their own policies, in accordance with current situations of
information assets and risks of each institution. If security policies have already been
set forth, the incorporated administrative agencies will review them.
[Specific Measures]A) Development of information security policies of incorporated administrative
agencies, etc. (Cabinet Secretariat and agencies overseeing incorporated
administrative agencies)
Each government agency will request the incorporated administrative agencies
under its jurisdiction to formulate/review their information security policies,
referring to the Standards for Measures, and provide necessary support, etc. forthem.
B) Development of an environment for improving information security measures ofincorporated administrative agencies, etc. (Cabinet Secretariat)
An environment will be developed for improving information security measures,by for example, providing incorporated administrative agencies, etc. withinformation necessary for the promotion of formulation/review of their information
security policies.
3) Strengthening and consideration of mid- and long-term security measures
The government will make efforts for the implementation of the information
security measures that should be performed in cooperation with all government
agencies, such as standardization of required specifications on information security,and emergency responses in the middle of a fiscal year, etc details of which aredescribed below.

- 20 -

(a) Coordination with development of common operations and systems among allor some Ministries and Agencies to be optimized
When optimizing common operations and systems among all or some Ministries
and Agencies, the government will promote newly developed (installed) systems insuch a way as to standardize required specifications on information security anduse highly reliable products through the clarification of information security
functions, while seeking coordination with the Standards for Measures, etc.
[Specific Measures]
A) Strengthening of cooperation between the Cabinet Secretariat and the deputy
Chief Information Officers (CIO) of each government agency (Cabinet
Secretariat and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)Regarding optimization of common operations and systems among all or some
Ministries and Agencies, cooperation between the Cabinet Secretariat and the
deputy CIO of each government agency will be strengthened, and effective
installation of information security functions in the development of the target
system will be promoted continuously in FY2008.
B) Promotion of the use of highly safe and reliable IT products, etc. (Cabinet
Secretariat and all government agencies)
Continuously in FY2008, in order to establish highly safe and reliable
information systems, when procuring IT products, etc., priority is given to the
products that are approved by CCRA (Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement)
Information Technology Security Evaluation and Certification Scheme 8 based on
the Standards for Measures.
(b) Consideration for the introduction of a new system (function) contributing tosecurity enhancement and its realization
Toward establishment of the next generation e-Government, it is essential toconsider the construction/development of a common platform for the basis ofoperations and systems of the entire government. In order to strengthen the security
platform, the government will comprehensively consider introducing a new system(function), such as IPv6, IC card for identification of government officials, data

8

CCRA (Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement) Information Technology Security Evaluation andCertification Scheme is the system in which the security function and target level of security assurance of IT
products and systems are evaluated by a third party based on ISO/IEC 15408, and the results are officiallyverified and made publicly available, in principle.

- 21 -

encryption, electronic signature, and biometric authentication, etc., and promote therealization of those systems.
Particularly, in order to expedite facilitating information systems being able tohandle IPv6 at all government agencies, information and telecommunications
equipments and software will be made capable of handling both IPv4 and IPv6 inprinciple by fiscal 2008, in accordance with the new development (installation) or
modification of information system of each government agency.
[Specific Measures]
A) Enhancement of method of ensuring the information security ofe-Government at the planning/design stage (Security by Design: SBD) (Cabinet
Secretariat, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and relevant agencies)
It is absolutely essential to incorporate information security requirements
appropriately into the operations and systems of e-Government that are currently
under construction. Thus, discussions will be conducted on a method for planningand designing an information system that incorporates information security as abasic concept, and the outcome of the discussions will be reflected in government
policies.
B) Development of a discussion framework for the establishment of next-generation
e-Government (Cabinet Secretariat and Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications)
Discussions will be further elaborated as part of SBD with regard to the necessary
technological and functional aspects for a common platform that will serve as thefoundation for the operations and systems of the entire government, and for theestablishment of next-generation e-Government.
C) Development of next generation OS environment to realize advanced security
functions (Cabinet Secretariat, Cabinet Office, Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
While maintaining the environment for the existing OS and applications, Virtual
Machine (VM) and a minimum level of OS functions to back up the operation of
VM (hereinafter collectively referred to as “Secure VM”) is urgently needed toensure the reliability of IT and development of secure VM will be promoted throughcooperation between industry, academia and government. VM will enable
intensively providing information security functions independent of the existing OS
and applications environment. In FY2008, efforts will be made to improve the- 22 -

performance of Secure VM and expand its application environment, and at the sametime, empirical experiments assuming government agencies use will be conducted
and the issues involved in actual operation will be organized.
D) Developing innovative machine reality technology equipped with a mechanism
to consolidate and intensively manage information access right.(Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry)
Development of innovative virtual machine technology (Secure Platform) was
launched in FY2007 and will be continued on the basis of past achievements. It isequipped with a mechanism to consolidate and intensively manage information
access right which have previously been configured separately by each information
system, in addition to consolidating multiple information systems into single server.
E) Migration to IPv6 of e-Government systems (Cabinet Secretariat, Ministry ofInternal Affairs and Communications and all government agencies)
Considering that the use of IPv6 in e-Government is effective for strengthening
security, such as protection against unauthorized computer access/information
leakage in e-Government services, interactivation and establishment of a common
inter-agency system, and also, from the perspective of preparation for the possibilityof depletion of current IPv4 addresses as early as 2010, each government agency
will make efforts to enable its information and communications equipments andsoftware to handle IPv6, in principle, by FY2008, in accordance with thedevelopment (installation) or renewal of each information system. The following
measures will be taken for a smooth implementation.
1) In continuance from the previous year, each government agency will proceedwith IPv6 adoption in FY2008 in line with the “e-Government Promotion
Plan” (partially revised on August 24, 2007 by the Conference for Chief
Information Officers (CIO)), using the “Guideline for e-Government IPv6
Systems” (released by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications on
March 30, 2007) as a reference.
2) In order to enable access to e-applications by the general public using IPv6,
Internet service providers need to provide IPv6 connection services toindividual users. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications will
provide information pertaining to the availability of IPv6 connection services
by the Internet service providers on the website continuously in FY2008.
F) Promotion of the use of Guidelines for Authentication in e-Government (Cabinet- 23 -

Secretariat, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry)In order to present requirements and regulations for the electronic authentication
systems of government agencies, discussions will be held on the rough draft of the“Guidelines for Authentication in e-Government” (provisional name), which willthen be compiled. Based on the results of the discussions, usage scenarios will be
studied as part of SBD.
G) Consideration for the direction of developing personal authentication in
e-Government from a mid- and long-term perspective (Cabinet Secretariat)
The Cabinet Secretariat will continue discussions on the best form of personalauthentication in Japan from a mid- and long-term perspective in view of improving
safety and security regarding personal authentication in e-Government.
(c) Prevention of spoofing as a government agency
In order to prevent a malicious third party from spoofing a government agency,
inflicting damage to the people or private companies, etc., an extensive use ofdigital certification and use of domain names 9 that certify the identity of
government agencies will be promoted to make the genuine government agencies
easily identifiable.
[Specific Measures]
A) Promotion of the use of domain names that authenticate the identity of
government agencies (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and all
government agencies)
With respect to domain names used by government agencies when sending
messages and information to the general public, efforts had been made up until
FY2007 to use domain names that authenticate the identity of government agencies,
and such efforts will be widely disseminated to the general public in FY2008.
B) Prevention of spoofing and falsifying of e-mail sent by government agencies ande-documents downloaded from websites of government agencies (Cabinet
Secretariat, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and all government
agencies)
9

Domain name that certifies the identity of government agency refers to “go.jp” among the organizational typejp domain name, or to the domain name reserved as the one associated with the administration and others among
the Japanese domain names in the general use jp domain.

- 24 -

In order to prevent spoofing and falsifying of e-documents from government
agencies, concerning the development of an environment where users such as thegeneral public and private corporations are able to use e-documents safely, by
performing e-signatures to e-mails sent by government agencies and e-documents
downloaded through websites of government agencies: specifically, issues will be
extracted concerning the best forms of intra-government systems for performing
e-signatures.
(d) Promotion of the use of safe data encryption in government agencies
In order to ensure safety and reliability of e-Government, the safety ofrecommended cryptographic methods used by e-Government will continuously bemonitored and studied and appropriate method of using data encryption will beconsidered in accordance with the advancement of technologies as well asinternational movements.
[Specific Measures]
A) Ensuring the safety of data encryption used by government agencies (Ministry ofInternal Affairs and Communications and Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry)
Monitoring of e-Government recommended ciphers, study and research forensuring safety and reliance of the e-Government recommended ciphers, andformulation of standards will all be conducted in FY2008.
B) Response to reduced safety of SHA-1 Hash function and RSA1024 public key
encryption (Cabinet Secretariat, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications,
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and all government agencies)
1) The Cabinet Secretariat, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications,
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and all government agencies will
promote efforts in accordance with the “Transition Guidelines concerning the
SHA-1 Encryption Algorithm and RSA1024 Adopted by Government
Agencies.”
2) The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry will continuously monitor the safety of the
SHA-1 and RSA1024 currently in use, as well as SHA-256 and RSA 2048,
which will be in use subsequently. The Cabinet Secretariat will promptly
provide each government agency with the necessary information.
- 25 -C) Efforts for the safe use of ciphers in government agencies (Cabinet Secretariat,
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry)
The Cabinet Secretariat will compile guidelines for the transition of technology
systems to maintain safety, as done in the case of SHA-1 and RSA1024, so that thenecessary guidelines can be developed in the case where risks are likely to arise in
the near future as a result of a drastic reduction in the safety of any ofe-Government Recommended Ciphers list, other than SHA-1 and RSA1024. The
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and Ministry of Economy, Tradeand Industry will promote the efforts to revise the e-Government Recommended
Ciphers list.
D) Promotion of the use of cryptographic modules that are highly safe and reliable(Cabinet Secretariat, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and all
government agencies)
In order to promote the use of highly safe cryptographic modules, Japan
Cryptographic Module Validation Program (JCMVP) implemented by IPA will bepromoted in FY2008. When procuring cryptographic modules, priority is given to
the products certified by the relevant system as required.
4) Reinforcement of Governmental Capability of Emergency Response to Cyber Attacks,etc.
In order to promptly and appropriately respond to emergencies, such as cyberattacks, and adapt to technology or environmental changes, specific system will beestablished that is capable of sharing information among the government bodies andanalyzing the information in an integrated manner, and taking appropriate measureaccording to the analysis. At the same time, emergency response capability will bestrengthened by improving the capability of related responding agencies, and thus
equipping response systems, and also by incorporating newly acquired knowledge
from the past experience of emergency responses into improvement of Standards for
Measures or human resource development of the government, etc.
[Specific Measures]
A) Strengthening of functions for cross-sectoral solutions to cyber attacks against
government agenciesa) Full-scale operation of the GSOC and enhancement of the analyzing capacity- 26 -

(Cabinet Secretariat and all government agencies)
The GSOC, which started to be developed in FY2007, will come into fulloperation, with an aim to effectively prevent cyber attacks against government
agencies and the occurrence of information leaks and system failures at government
agencies, and rapidly and accurately respond to the occurrence of such incidents.
Furthermore, efforts will be made to establish a cross-sectoral function(“Public-Private Partnership Scheme for Analysis Functions” (provisional name)) toanalyze attacks, etc., in cooperation with related organizations both abroad and athome.
b) Research and study of the trend of the most advanced technologies for
information assurance (Ministry of Defense)
In order to secure the information assurance of information systems, the trend ofcyber attacks and the most advanced countermeasure technologies against cyberattacks will be studied and researched, and studies will be performed on acentralized response system, etc., following FY2007.
B) Supporting strengthening of emergency response capability of each government
agencya) Supporting Strengthening of an emergency response system in each government
agency (Cabinet Secretariat)
Based on the state of operation of the GSOC, which will be in full operation in
FY2008, the general trends and situations concerning cyber attacks against
government agencies will be analyzed, and the results will be periodically provided
to each agency. Efforts will also be made to enhance the system for the timely
provision of information, including results of analysis of attack techniques that will
be needed for individual measures.
b) Strengthening and development of a system concerning measures against cyberterrorism (National Police Agency)
In order to respond to advances in the cyber attack techniques that can be used incyber terrorism and to increased threats linked to the hosting of the Toyako Summit
and other events, the system for measures taken by the police against cyberterrorism will be strengthened and improved in FY2008, including enhancement of
the information collection/analysis systems and provision of training within andoutside the department, to maintain and improve the incident response capability
and personnel skills for combating cyber terrorism.
- 27 -

c) Promotion of analysis/response and research with regard to cyber attacks(Ministry of Defense)
In order to further enhance analysis and response capability for cyber attacks
against information systems of Ministry of Defense, analysis equipment for network
security will be studied and prototyped. Basic research will be performed onmonitoring and analyzing technology against unauthorized computer access, cyberattacks and active protection technology, etc. continuously from FY2007.
5) Human Resource Development of Government Agencies
In order to proceed with information security measures of the entire government in
an integrated manner and taking the importance of developing and ensuring humanresources with necessary knowledge and expertise into consideration, the government
will promote the development of officials in charge of information systemmanagement of government agencies, utilization of human resources with expertise in
information security, human resource development efforts in cooperation witheducational institutions, and the awareness raising of both executive and general
officers. All officers specializing in information security operations in the information
system management sections of government agencies will eventually obtain
qualifications in information security.
[Specific Measures]
A) Enhancement of education programs for government officials (Cabinet
Secretariat and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
Based on the progress of deliberations conducted in FY2007, efforts will be made to
improve the quality of integrated education programs for government officials(general employees, executive officers and personnel in charge of information
security) and to expand the opportunities to participate in training sessions.
B) Deliberations concerning human resource development of government officialsa) Consideration for education programs for government officials (Cabinet
Secretariat and all government agencies)
Discussions will be continued concerning integrated education programs for thegovernment to furnish government staff with knowledge about information security
with a purpose of contributing to the use of safe information technology bygovernment staff. The programs will be implemented in order of feasibility.
- 28 -

b) Consideration for education programs for government officials (Cabined
Secretariat, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and all government
agencies)
Discussions will be continued concerning integrated education programs forgovernment officials, including the use of existing training programs, with the
purpose of contributing to the awareness/understanding of risks associated withinformation security. The programs will be implemented in order of feasibility.
c) Consideration for education programs for government officers in charge of
information security measures (Cabinet Secretariat, Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications, and all government agencies)
Discussions will be continued concerning integrated education programs for thegovernment officers in charge of information security measures, including the useof the Integrated Information System Training conducted by Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications, with the purpose of contributing to the improvementof expertise of responsible government officers. The programs will be implemented
in order of feasibility.
d) Implementation of plan for developing/ensuring human resources (allgovernment agencies)
In order to develop and ensure human resources with knowledge and capability,
including information security, that contributes to the safe and secure use of
information systems, each government agency will formulate the “Plan for theDeveloping/Ensuring IT Human Resources” based on the “Guidelines forDeveloping/Ensuring IT Human Resources in Administrative Agencies” (decision
made on April 13, 2007 by the CIO (Chief Information Officer) Council at an earlydate by the end of FY2007.
B: Local Governments
The following measures will be intensively promoted continuously from FY2007,
aiming to promote information security measures based on the guidelines for ensuring
information security in local governments, which was reviewed in September 2006,
and various measures, including information security auditing and training, etc., and to
facilitate furthermore the function of the information sharing system of local
governments (Local Government CEPTOAR) which was established in FY2006.

- 29 -

1) Review of the guidelines for ensuring information security
Guidelines for ensuring information security of local governments will be reviewed,
and at the same time, implementation of measures will be promoted based on therelevant guidelines in each local government.
[Specific Measures]
A) Formulation of manuals for information security measures in local governments(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
A manual will be formulated that serve as a reference for analyzing the current
situation and issues and for specific implementation and operation of information
security measures, with respect to information security measures (risk analysis of
information assets, BCP of ICT division, management of personal information
concerning outsourcing) that are not sufficiently implemented by local
governments.
2) Promotion of information security auditing
With respect to information security measures implemented by each local
government, information security auditing will be promoted in order to contribute to
the continuous improvement to the level of measures through evaluation and review of
their effectiveness.
[Specific Measures]
A) Promotion of implementation of information security auditing by local
governments (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
In order to contribute to constant improvement of the level of information
security measures taken by each local government through evaluation and a review
of effectiveness. Information security auditing will be promoted in line with the
Guidelines for Information Security Auditing by Local Governments revised in
FY2007. Specifically, internal auditors will be dispatched to those local
governments where less progress has been made.
3) Promotion of establishment of “Information Sharing and Analysis Center of Local
Government” (tentative)
In order to contribute to proactive prevention of IT-malfunctions and its expansion,
prompt restoration and prevention of recurrence and to improve the security level of
all local governments, the government will promote the establishment of “Information- 30 -

Sharing and Analysis Center of Local Government” (tentative). The Center will havefunctions of gathering, analyzing and sharing of information on security of local
governments and sharing of information provided by the central government andothers.
[Specific Measures]A) Support for the Local Government CEPTOAR (Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications)
The Local Government CEPTOAR was established in FY2006 to share information
pertaining to information security among local governments. Support, such as necessary
advice, will be continuously provided so that the Local Government CEPTOAR canfunction effectively.
4) Support for training of officers, etc.
In addition to the above, the government will support the development andintroduction of advanced technologies and staff training, etc., in efforts to try tostrengthen the security of local governments.
[Specific Measures]
A) Review of information security training for local government officials (Ministryof Internal Affairs and Communications)
Based on the guidelines concerning information security assurance at local
governments, which were revised in September 2006, training will be reviewed,
including the provision of courses in accordance with the authority/responsibility ofeach organizational system, and will continue to be offered for a wide range of local
government officials.

- 31 -

Section 2: Critical Infrastructures
Aiming at reducing the number of IT-malfunction in critical infrastructures as close as
possible to zero by the beginning of FY2009, the government separately sets forth
information security measures for critical infrastructures in the Action Plan on
Information Security Measures for Critical Infrastructures (decision made on December
13, 2005 by the ISPC, hereinafter referred to as the “Action Plan”), and the following
measures will be primarily promoted in FY2008.
1) Improvement of “Safety Standards” on information security assurance for criticalinfrastructures
Based on the “A Principle for Formulating of ‘Safety Standards, Guidelines, etc.’ 10
concerning Assurance of Information Security of Critical Infrastructures” 11 , the levelof necessary or desirable information security in each critical infrastructure sector will
be stipulated in the Safety Standards, Guidelines, etc.. The guidelines will be reviewed
annually or whenever necessary, and Safety Standards, Guidelines, etc. will be
reviewed on an as-needed basis in accordance with changes in information security
circumstances.
[Specific Measures]
A) Formulation and review of “Safety Standards, Guidelines, etc.” in each sector of
critical infrastructuresa) Review of “Safety Standards, Guidelines, etc.” (Agencies overseeing criticalinfrastructures12 )Based on the revision of the guidelines conducted in FY2007, confirmation/verification of safety standards in critical infrastructures will be performed byaround September 2008. Moreover, revisions of safety standards will be conducted
on as-needed basis.
b) Understanding and verifying the situation of review of Safety Standards, etc.
(Cabinet Secretariat)
10“Safety Standards, Guidelines, etc.” refer to documents formulated as criteria or references used by business
entities that own or operate critical infrastructures for making various decisions and actions.
11“A Principle for Formulating of ‘Safety Standards, Guidelines, etc.’ concerning Assurance of Information
Security of Critical Infrastructures” (decision made on February 2, 2006 by the ISPC)
12“Agencies overseeing critical infrastructures” refer to ministries and agencies that directly deal with Business
entities that own or operate critical infrastructures in accordance with laws and regulations (according to thedefinition in the Section 1, “Purpose and Scope” of the Action Plan on Information Security Measures for
Critical Infrastructures) (decision made on December 13, 2005 by the ISPC: the same hereinafter))- 32 -

The progress in verifying/validating and reviewing the “Safety Standards, etc.” foreach critical infrastructure will be monitored and examined in FY2008, in cooperation
with the competent authorities overseeing critical infrastructures.
B) Implementation of studies on the dissemination of Safety Standards, etc. in eachsector of critical infrastructure (Cabinet Secretariat and agencies with jurisdiction
over critical infrastructure)
Based on the results of studies in FY2007, the Cabinet Secretariat will conduct
planning and preparation to implement studies on the dissemination of Safety
Standards, etc. in each sector of critical infrastructure. These studies are scheduled
to be implemented in early FY2009, with the cooperation of the relevant authorities
overseeing critical infrastructures.
C) Review of the Principles (Cabinet Secretariat)
Based on the progress in reviewing the action plan and the outcome ofinterdependency analysis, the Cabinet Secretariat will conduct analysis/validation toshed light on the awareness of issues relating to information security measures, incooperation with the agencies overseeing critical infrastructures and will launch an
examination of those measures, such as revision of the guidelines, on an as-neededbasis.
D) Safety and reliability assurance of telecommunication systems responding to thetransition of IP network (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
In order to ensure stable provision of ICT services to meet the progress of the IP
network, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications will implement
necessary measures for safety and reliability in network facilities and in operationand management within FY2007.
2) Enhancement of information sharing system
The government and other entities will provide information concerning
IT-malfunctions to business entities that own or operate critical infrastructures in atimely and appropriate manner, and will enhance the information sharing systemamong the business entities that own or operate critical infrastructure and among theinterdependent critical infrastructure sectors. This is in view of the following aspects:
1) proactive prevention of IT-malfunctions, 2) prevention of expansion of suffering,and rapid restoration, and 3) prevention of recurrence through analysis/verification of- 33 -

causes of IT-malfunctions.

(a) Development of an environment for information provision/communication
between public and private sectors
In cooperation with related organizations, information, such as caution, to beprovided to business entities that own or operate critical infrastructures tocontribute to the measures taken by them will be collected and provided through
CEPTOAR (to be hereinafter described), etc..
The government will promote the development of an environment in whichbusiness entities that own or operate critical infrastructures provide the government
with information on incidents, failures, and operational delays, etc., to be submitted
to the government under laws and regulations, as well as with unique and crucial
information deemed to be disclosed to the government.
[Specific Measures]A) Development of information sharing systems and strengthening of functions(Cabinet Secretariat)a) Consideration for functions/requirements to be added to the information sharing
system (Cabinet Secretariat)
The Cabinet Secretariat will consider the functions/requirements to be added tothe information sharing system based on the progress in reviewing the Action Plan,
the development of the CEPTOAR in each field and the deliberations conducted by
the “Preparation Committee for Establishing the CEPTOAR Council (provisionalname)” (to be described hereinafter).
b) Strengthening the partnerships with related organizations, etc. (Cabinet
Secretariat)
The Cabinet Secretariat will strengthen its partnerships with information
security-related authorities, government agencies dealing with incidents andrelevant organizations, and will provide infrastructure operators with informationthat contributes to the measures taken by each in a timely and appropriate manner.
c) Consideration for reviewing the implementing items in the Action Planconcerning information exchange/information provision (Cabinet Secretariat)
Based on the progress in the review of the Action Plan and the deliberations
conducted by the “Preparation Committee for Establishing the CEPTOAR Council- 34 -

(provisional name)” and studies on cross-sectoral exercises, the Cabinet Secretariat
will consider reviewing the implementing items in the action plan concerning
information exchange/provision, with the cooperation of the agencies overseeing
critical infrastructures.
B) Implementation of CEPTOAR training (Cabinet Secretariat and agencies
overseeing critical infrastructures)
Based on the progress in developing the CEPTOAR in each sector, the Cabinet
Secretariat and agencies overseeing critical infrastructures will provide training
opportunities, contributing to the maintenance and improvement of theinformation-sharing function of the CEPTOAR.
(b) Development of CEPTOAR (Capability for Engineering of Protection,
Technical Operation, Analysis and Response) in each critical infrastructure
Information provided by the government for preemptive prevention of
IT-malfunctions, prevention of expansion of suffering and rapid resumption, andprevention of recurrence will be appropriately made available to business entities
that own or operate critical infrastructures and will be shared among them. This
will eventually contribute to the improvement of capability of each business
entities that own or operate critical infrastructures to maintain and reconstruct theirservices. In order to contribute to this mission, the government will promote thedevelopment of Capability for Engineering of Protection, Technical Operation,
Analysis and Response (CEPTOAR) that perform information sharing and analysis
within each critical infrastructure sector.
[Specific Measures]
A) Follow-ups on the map to grasp the characteristics of the CEPTOAR (Cabinet
Secretariat)
Based on the progress in each CEPTOAR activity and consideration of thefunctions and requirements in FY2008, follow-ups on the map to grasp thecharacteristics of the CEPTOAR will be conducted by the end of FY2008.
B) Development of a support system to improve the reliability of the information
systems used for critical infrastructures (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)In order to support the proactive efforts of critical infrastructure operators to
improve the reliability of information systems, the IPA Software Engineering Center
will develop a database from an expert/technical perspective, conduct macro-based- 35 -

quantity analysis and provide the CEPTOAR, etc. with the accumulated information.
Support will also be provided for information system development/operations uponrequests from critical infrastructure operators.
(c) Promotion of establishment of “CEPTOAR-Council (tentative)”
In order to promote cross-sectoral information sharing among business entities
that own or operate critical infrastructures and utilize knowledge for continuity andrestoration of services, the government will promote the establishment of“CEPTOAR-Council (tentative)” as an instrument for cross-sectoral information
sharing among each CEPTOAR.
[Specific Measures]A) Discussions on establishment of CEPTOAR-Council (tentative) (Cabinet
Secretariat and agencies overseeing critical infrastructures)
In cooperation with the “Study Group for Establishing the CEPTOAR Council(provisional name),” the competent authorities formulated the “Basic Concept for
the CEPTOAR Council (provisional name),” based on which the “Preparation
Committee for Establishing the CEPTOAR Council (provisional name)” will be set
up in cooperation with various CEPTOARs in critical infrastructure sectors inaround June 2008. Said Preparation Committee aims to establish the CEPTOAR
Council (provisional name) within FY2008.
3) Implementation of analysis of interdependency
In order to grasp the cross-sectoral situation to improve critical infrastructure
protection throughout the nation, the government will make efforts to understandwhat kind of potential threats each critical infrastructure has and what kind ofinterdependency exists as to what impact will ripple through other criticalinfrastructures when an IT-malfunction occurs in a critical infrastructure.
[Specific Measures]
A) Promotion of interdependency analysis between critical infrastructures (Cabinet
Secretariat)
In order to enhance the systems for communication/cooperation between the
public and private sectors and to improve the response capacity in the event of an IT
failure, interdependency analysis will be further refined based on the summary of
the interdependency analyses conducted in FY2006 and FY2007, and by studying
various issues, such as the “cross-sectoral connections of systems”.
- 36 -

Thorough discussions will be held on the method of implementation, at the actual
implementation.
4) Implementation of cross-sectoral exercises
Based on a type of a specifically envisioned threat scenario, cross-sectoral
exercises will be performed under cooperation among presiding ministries of eachcritical infrastructure, each business entities that own or operate criticalinfrastructures and CEPTOAR in each critical infrastructure sector. Through theexercises, effectiveness and propriety of each measure, such as safety standards,
guidelines, etc., an information sharing frameworks, functions for information
sharing and analysis, analysis of interdependency, will be periodically evaluatedstep by step. Furthermore, through these exercises and other training and seminarsessions, personnel with advanced IT skills will be developed and ensured,primarily for presiding ministries of each critical infrastructure and business
entities that own or operate critical infrastructures.
[Specific Measures]
A) Implementation of functional exercises in critical infrastructures 13 (Cabinet
Secretariat and agencies overseeing critical infrastructures)
In order to improve communication/coordination systems and the response
capability of the public and private sectors in the event of an IT malfunction, theCabinet Secretariat will select themes to be examined as research subjects based on
various conditions, such as a specific type of assumed threat scenario, whileconsidering the knowledge obtained from interdependency analyses, in cooperation
with the agencies overseeing critical infrastructures, business entities and
CEPTOARs in each critical infrastructure sector, etc., as was continued from
FY2007. It will conduct cross-sectoral exercises using a suitable method (such as
simulations and functional exercises) for each theme and will enhance the exercises.
B) Strengthening of response against cyber attacks in the telecommunications field(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
By the end of FY2008, in order to develop human resources with advanced ICT
skills that will help strengthening cooperation and facilitating coordination, in case of
emergency, among concerned operators, and between operators and governments, thecompetent agencies will conduct cyber attack response exercises in FY2008, as in
FY2007, supposing cyber attacks that may occur on the internet that connect each
13

Mock exercise for validation using the command and decision system of actual organizations- 37 -

critical infrastructures with focus on telecommunications operators.
C) Implementation of awareness-raising seminars for critical infrastructure
operators (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
IPA or JPCERT/CC will host the “Critical Infrastructure Information Security
Forum”, aiming to provide critical infrastructure operators with information
concerning advanced measures against IT failures both overseas and in Japan in
FY2008.
5) Review of “Action Plan on Information Security Measures for Critical
Infrastructures”[Specific Measures]
A) Review of the Action Plan (Cabinet Secretariat)
Based on the discussions at the Expert Committee on Critical Infrastructure, theCabinet Secretariat will compile a review plan (draft for public comment) during
2008, in cooperation with the agencies overseeing critical infrastructures. To do this,
discussions will be conducted with a view to compiling a rough draft in around
September 2008.

- 38 -

Section 3: Businesses
Aiming at bringing the implementation of information security measures of businesses
up to the world’s top level by the beginning of FY2009, the government prioritizes thepromotion of the following measures in FY2007.
1) Development of an environment that will link information security measures ofbusinesses to market valuation
The government will promote the establishment and operation of corporate
governance with consideration for corporate social responsibility and an internal
control framework that supports the governance from the perspective of information
security. To that end, efforts will be made to disseminate and improve the Information
Security Measures Benchmark, Information Security Report Model, and Guidelines
for Formulating a Business Continuity Plan. Furthermore, if necessary, evaluation
results on the level of information security that is derived from said systems or third
party evaluation will be used as one of the conditions for public bidding forprocurement of information systems, etc. In addition, consistency of the government’s
approach concerning information security will be ensured.
[Specific Measures]
A) Promotion of the establishment of Information Security Governance (ISG)a) Establishment of Information Security Governance (ISG) in corporations(Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)In order to establish Information Security Governance in corporations, in FY2008,
the competent ministry will formulate guidelines for the management of
information and information system that give consideration to existing legal
systems, to be conducted by corporations, so that the information security measuresof corporations can be implemented effectively.
The “Guidelines for Improving the Reliability of Information Systems”
formulated in FY 2006 will be reviewed mainly in the area of IT governance andoperations, based on studies on the current situation of measures taken bycorporations to improve the reliability of information systems. The “Evaluation
Index concerning Improvement of the Reliability of Information Systems” will also
be reviewed in the same manner. Furthermore, dissemination activities will continue
in order to recommend corporations to refer to said guidelines when developing andmanaging information systems.
b) Strengthening of information security management in telecommunications- 39 -

services (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
In order to contribute to the establishment and operation of information security
systems in telecommunications carriers, efforts will be made to disseminate andpromote domestic standardization and authentication of the Information Security
Management

Guidelinesfor

Telecommunications(ISM-TG),thetelecommunications service guidelines formulated in FY2006 by the Information
Security Conference for Telecommunications (ISeCT) – which comprises
telecommunications service providers and related organizations – while giving
consideration to the progress in international standardization and in cooperatingwith the ISeCT.
B) Review of bidding conditions (Cabinet Secretariat, Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications, Ministry of Finance and all government agencies)
For government procurement of information system-related products, discussions
will be held among related government agencies with regard to the method ofincorporating assessments of the level of information security measures of bidders
into tender offers/acceptance.
C) Promotion of information security measures in small- and medium-sizedenterprises (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)In order to achieve a fair share of the burden of information security measuresamong small- and medium-sized enterprises and promote those measures, thecompetent ministry will draw up a standard format to verify the progress in theimplementation of measures in FY2008 and will continue deliberations on the
package of information security measures for small- and medium-sized enterprises.
D)

Utilization

andTransaction/Contract

dissemination(firstedition)”of“Information

SystemModel

and“Information

SystemModel

Transaction/Contract (supplemental edition)” (Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry)
In order to visualize transactions between users and vendors and clarify the rolesof stakeholders from the viewpoint of improving the reliability of information
systems, the “Information System Model Transaction/Contract (first edition)” waspublished in April 2007. In response to the issues raised in this Contract, the“Information System Model Transaction/Contract (supplemental edition)” isscheduled to be formulated and published in early FY2008. This is a simple andtransparent transaction model using the “Explanatory Note of Important Matters”- 40 -

concerning transactions using Packages, SaaS 14 and ASP 15 , which account for the
majority of transactions of small- and medium-sized enterprises, in particular.
Efforts will be made to disseminate model transactions/contracts, including theestablishment of a certificate system, in cooperation with related industrial
associations.
E) Utilization and dissemination of the “SLA Guideline for SaaS” (Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry)
With an aim to secure an appropriate transaction relationship when corporations
use SaaS and to allow corporations to use the service more effectively, the METI
will promote widespread use and dissemination, among both users and service
providers, of the “SLA Guideline for SaaS,” which sets forth the security levels tobe agreed between users and providers, with an emphasis on the standpoint of
ensuring information security.
2) Promotion of the provision of high quality products and services related to
information security
The information security measures intrinsically have functions different from thoseare necessary to accomplish original business and are to be implemented according to
the risks pertaining to the business, and they have such characteristics that it isdifficult to make them recognized visually, etc. Due to these characteristics, it isnecessary to create an environment that enable businesses to easily choose necessary
measures to implement. To that end, the government will make efforts to promote theprovision of high quality products and services related to information security throughthe promotion of the use of third party evaluations, such as IT security evaluation andcertification system, the Compatibility Assessment System for Information System
Management Systems (ISMS), information security audits, in addition to thepromotion of study on quantitative evaluation technique for information
security-related risks of businesses.
The government will also make efforts to streamline the evaluation of third parties
and to promote an environment so that there are incentives to accelerate theinvestment in businesses which utilize high quality information security-related
products, etc.
[Specific Measures]
14
15

Software as a Service
Application Service Provider- 41 -A) Promotion of the use of third party evaluationa) Promotion and dissemination of the Information Security Auditing System(Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)Discussions will be made on the promotion and dissemination of the guidelines
for the use of assurance-based audit formulated in order to disseminate anassurance-based information security audit in which an auditor provides someassurance.
b) Streamlining of third party evaluation and promotion of dissemination of highquality information security-related products (Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry)
In FY2008, Japan Information Technology Security Evaluation and Certification
Scheme (JISEC) implemented by IPA will be promoted. At the same time, the useof the systems at the time of information system procurement will be expanded
through such efforts as promoting the utilization of support tools to determine theavailability of authentication products for the systems. Japan Cryptographic Module
Validation Program implemented by IPA will also be promoted.
B) Preferential tax treatmenta) Preferential tax treatment for investing in information systems that provide
highly advanced information security to corporations (Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
The competent agencies will promote investment in information systems thatprovide highly advanced information security in FY2008 through dissemination and
PR activities of the tax system for strengthening the information infrastructure toincrease industrial competitiveness that will be expanded and extended for two
years in FY2008.
.
C) Improvement of indices for companies (Cabinet Secretariat and Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry)
The Survey on Information Processing will investigate the usage of information
security audit systems in companies, the compatibility assessment system for
information security management systems in companies, use of system benchmarks
for information security measures, confirmation of implementation of information
security measures of business partners (including outsourcing and consignment),
and introduction of the products accredited by ISO/IEC15408.
- 42 -D) Promoting dissemination of the use of electronic signatures by corporations(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Justice and Ministryof Economy, Trade and Industry)
Based on the results of discussions at the “Study Committee concerning
Enforcement of the Electronic Signature and Authentication Law,” measures todisseminate and accelerate the use of electronic signatures by corporations will be
prepared.
E) Promotion of information security measures for ASP/SaaS (Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications)
In order to contribute to the promotion of information security measures for
ASP/SaaS, which is currently spreading in the form of ICT services that can be thebasis to improve companies’ productivity, the competent ministry will support
industry efforts for activities promoting the dissemination, continuous revision andimprovement of the “Guideline on Information Security Measures for ASP/SaaS”(January 30, 2008), which was formulated by the Study Group on Information
Security Measures for ASP/SaaS.
3) Ensuring/Developing human resources engaged in information security ofbusinesses
Understanding of top management about information security and human resource
engaged in information security within businesses are still insufficient. Therefore, thegovernment will make efforts to increase understanding of top management about
information security through improvement of the environment in which information
security measures of businesses are linked with market valuation, and to promotenationwide PR activities for personnel in charge of information systems. Furthermore,
more efforts will be made to maintain motivation of personnel engaged in
implementing information security measures in each company.
[Specific Measures]A) Support system for training projects for human resources engaged intelecommunications (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)Support will also be provided for training activities to develop human resources
engaged in telecommunications, including security personnel who have professional
knowledge and expertise in the area of information and telecommunications,continuously in FY2008.
- 43 -B) Holding of information security seminars for small- and medium-sizedenterprises (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)In order to deepen understanding of information security among owners of smalland medium-sized enterprises and information system personnel, “Information
Security Seminars” co-hosted by the IPA and the Japan Chamber of Commerce andIndustry will be held throughout the country in FY2008, and local
community-hosted seminars will be held on a trial basis to explore further
developments. At the same time, dissemination and public relation activities will be
conducted in coordination with IT business supporters.
C) Establishment of a mechanism for objective evaluation of advanced IT humanresources (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
Based on the report of the Human Resources Development WG of theInformation Service and Software Subcommittee, Industrial Structure Council, thecompetent ministry will prepare a framework of common careers/skills in FY2008
that systematically organizes the skills needed for advanced IT human resources,
including those engaged in information security, in an attempt to attain consistencyof IT Skill Standards, Embedded Technology Skill Standards, Standards for
Information

SystemUsers’ skills

andInformation-Technology

Engineers

Examination.
D) Support for faculty development (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)In order to promote practical education in each information technology field,
including information security, support will be provided to the efforts for faculty
development (FD) of universities and so on will be supported to improve ability ofteachers.
E) Reform of the system of Information-Technology Engineers Examination(Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)In order to enhance the development of advanced IT human resources, including
those in information security, Information-Technology Engineers Examination,
which measure skills in various information technology fields including information
security, has been drastically reviewed. New examinations will be held in FY2009,
while ensuring consistency with the framework of common careers/skills.

- 44 -

4) Strengthening systems to rapidly respond to computer viruses and vulnerability,etc.
In order to appropriately respond to information security issues of businesses, it isnecessary to make efforts to achieve rapid information sharing, and smooth
formulation and dissemination of measures among concerned parties, including
information-related businesses. To that end, the government will set up a
communication system between related organizations and enhance a coordinatedresponse system to rapidly respond to computer viruses or vulnerabilities, etc, withproactive cooperation of industries engaged in information-related businesses.
[Specific Measures]
A) Enhancement of coordination scheme among emergency response teams oforganizations (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
Led by the Japan Computer Emergency Response Team Coordination Center(hereinafter referred to as the “JPCERT/CC”), efforts will be made in FY2008 to
further streamline coordination in emergencies and ordinary times among overseas
Computer Security Incident Response Teams (hereinafter referred to as “CSIRTs”)
and the domestic CSIRTs by using a shared system (already developed by FY2007)
for those in need of specific information pertaining to threats/remedial measures,
including the necessary analysis required.
B) Strengthening of the Information Security Early Warning Partnership (Ministryof Economy, Trade and Industry)In order to ensure rapid information sharing among concerned parties, andsmooth response to information security issues that are becoming moresophisticated day by day basis, such as computer viruses, unauthorized computer
access, and vulnerability, etc., the competent agency will enhance the “Information
Security Early Warning Partnership” implemented by IPA and JPCERT/CC in
FY2008.
C) Support for management of software vulnerabilities, etc. (Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry)In FY2008, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry will commence
operation of a system of information provisions at the IPA that allows vendors andusers to quantitatively compare the seriousness of vulnerabilities, and will examine
the enhancement of functions.
JPCERT/CC’s activities to support and raise awareness of the importance of- 45 -

vulnerability management of software, etc. at user organizations will be enhanced.
Specifically, JPCERT/CC will enhance the promotion, dissemination andimprovement of various tools (partially developed in FY2007) and methods thatwill contribute to vulnerability management at organizations, including criticalinfrastructures.

- 46 -

Section 4: Individuals
Aiming at reducing the number of individuals who feel insecure about using IT to as
close as possible to zero by the beginning of FY2009, the government will intensively
promote the following measures in FY2008.
When promoting the specific measures of 1) and 2), it is important to develop an
environment where an individual considers information security as a must within thescope of their ability, and to conduct PR activities and send messages in anunderstandable and diversified way for the general public. Thus the Cabinet Secretariat
and the relevant agencies will closely cooperate with each other while maintaining
consistency.
1) Enhancement/promotion of information security education
The government will promote information security education from elementary andsecondary education and inter-generation information security education.
[Specific Measures]
A) Promotion of information security education from elementary and secondary
educationa) Promotion of information security education at primary, middle and high schools(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology)
Efforts will be made to further promote information security education throughinformation ethics education, for example, by hosting a forum to help children
understand the importance of information ethics, including information security.
b) Research and development of programs to foster ICT media literacy 16 (Ministryof Internal Affairs and Communications)
In order to promote appropriate use by children of ICT media such as the Internet
and mobile phones, the competent agency conducted research and development
activities on new programs to foster ICT media literacy, such as the development of
instruction manuals and teaching materials on comprehensive literacy required forthe use of ICT media in FY2006. The developed programs were made publicly
available on July 2007 and are promoted to be widely disseminated to organizations
engaged in fostering ICT media literacy. The efforts to disseminate these programs
16

ICT media literacy refers not only to the ability to access and use ICT media, but also to the ability tounderstand the characteristics of each ICT medium and actively select transmitted information, and the ability tocreate communication through ICT media.

- 47 -

will continue in FY2008 and revisions will be made as necessary.
c) Dissemination and PR activities using slogans and posters for “information
security measures” (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)In FY2008, in order to contribute to reducing the damage by computer viruses orhacking, the IPA will solicit slogans and posters for raising awareness on
information security measures from students of primary, middle and high schools
and publicize the winners’ works.
d) Improving teaching abilities for information security (Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology)
By using the “Criteria (checklist) for Teachers’ Ability to Teach ICT,” which
include the ability to teach children to acquire basic knowledge on information
security, the competent ministry will conduct a nationwide survey and improveteachers’ ability to teach ICT, so that all teachers can provide guidance on
information security.
B) Promotion of cross-generational information security educationa) Promotion of nation-wide information security education (Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry and National Police Agency)“Internet Safety Classes” will be held throughout the country, continuously from
FY2007, in an attempt to disseminate basic knowledge on information security
among general users, and the “National Council for the Internet Safety Classes” will
be organized to facilitate information sharing/coordination among privateorganizations that host said safety classes.
b) Implementation, etc. of e-net caravan (Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications and Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology)
A course of lectures on safe and secure use of the Internet, primarily targeting
guardians and teachers, will be conducted on a national scale continuously from
FY2007, in cooperation with telecommunications-related organizations.
c) Cyber Security College (National Police Agency)
Continuously from FY2007, in order to raise awareness/knowledge of
information security, lectures and seminars on the current situation of cyber crimes
and cyber crime cases will be held, targeting educators, local government- 48 -

employees, general users of the Internet, etc.
C) Developing young human resources engaged in advanced security (Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry)In FY2008, the competent ministry will run training camps for young people toimprove their security awareness and find and develop competent security humanresources, by providing practical lessons that invite front-line engineers in theindustry as lecturers. Seminars will also be offered throughout the country todisseminate the results/contents of the lectures.
2) Enhancement/promotion of PR activities/information transmission
The following efforts will be promoted: continuous implementation of nationwide
PR activities and information transmission; holding of events recognized as
landmarks (creation of “Information Security Day”, etc.), establishment of aframework of the routine campaigns/information provisions (consideration of
implementation of Information Security Forecast (tentative)), dissemination of
National Strategies on information security of Japan both nationally andinternationally.
[Specific Measures]
A) Continual implementation of nation-wide promotions and PR campaignsa) Promotion of dissemination and PR activities (Cabinet Secretariat, National
Police Agency, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry)In order to raise public awareness of information security, given the reality of
rapidly advancing and complicated threats to information security, the competentagencies will actively provide each individual with appropriate information, andimplement promotions and PR activities using media, etc. in FY2008, through suchapproaches as “@police”, “Information Security Website for the Public”,“Antiphishing Japan”, and the “Council for Promoting Measures against Phishing”,
etc., as well as through the “CHECK PC! Campaign”, envisioning cooperation withactivities conducted by related companies and organizations, etc.
These efforts will focus not only on IT beginners, but also on active users withless benefit in information security.
b) PR for prevention of unauthorized computer access and dissemination ofknowledge (National Police Agency, Ministry of Internal Affairs and- 49 -

Communications and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
Based on the Unauthorized Computer Access Law, the competent agencies willconduct campaigns and disseminate knowledge about unauthorized computer accesscontinuously from FY2007 through such approaches as disclosure of theoccurrences of unauthorized computer access and the progress of research anddevelopment for access control functions.
c) Promotion of measures to prevent damage from improper Internet use (National Police
Agency)In order to prevent damage from cyber crimes, etc., the competent agency will
provide advice on basic remedial measures tailored to the problems that individual
users might experience in FY2008, using Consultation Systems for Internet Safety
and Security. Also, in order to prevent damage from crimes associated with dating
websites, the competent agency will prepare leaflets targeting junior and senior highschool students, which will then be distributed at municipal police stations andlisted on the website of the National Policy Agency, thus implementing effective
publicity and awareness-raising activities.
d) Enhancement of dissemination and PR activities to maintain stable utilization ofradio waves (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)Starting from FY2008, each Bureau/Office of Telecommunications willcommence operation of mobile vehicles for consultation about radio wave
utilization environment, to provide citizens with a consultation service concerning
the environment for radio wave use.
Dissemination and awareness-raising campaigns are planned during thedesignated Radio Wave Protection Period in June 2008, which includes
encouragement to check a “technical conformity mark” through various media(national papers, local papers, industrial magazines, TV commercials, radio spots,
advertisements on trains and buses, billboard screens, theater ads, distribution ofposters or display on message boards of local governments/related organizations,distribution of leaflets, and notices in various PR magazines).
Furthermore,dissemination

each
and

Bureau/Officeawareness-raisingof

Telecommunications

activities

forstoreswill

conduct

selling

radio

communication devices during May-July and September-November 2008, and put
banner advertisements for the “technical conformity mark” on news websites inJune.

- 50 -e) Campaign under a “Slogan for the Safe and Secure Use of Information andCommunications” (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
The Council for the Promotion of Safe and Secure Information andCommunication will promote improvement in the awareness of information andcommunications users, including beginners, by soliciting slogans concerning rules,
manners and information security for using information and communications safely
and securely, and posting award-winning posters, etc.
B) Implementation of landmark eventsa) Establishment of “Information Security Day” (Cabinet Secretariat, National
Police Agency, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry)
To promote people's awareness of information security, the competent agencies
will undertake nation-wide PR and education activities, based on the concept of the“Information Security Day”, which is held on February 2 every year.
The competent agencies will also award individuals and organizations withprominent contributions and achievements in information security.
C) Establishment of a framework to rouse public opinion and information provision
on a daily basisa) Continuous issuance of e-mail magazine of NISC (Cabinet Secretariat)
In order to rouse public opinion and provide information pertaining to
information security on a daily basis, the competent agency will continue to issuee-mail magazines on an approximately monthly basis in FY2008.
b) Announcement of award of the information security promotion category of theInformation Promotion Contribution Award (Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
During the Information Month in FY2007, an “Information Promotion
Contribution Award (category of information security promotion)” will beannounced to recognize individuals and companies, etc. with outstanding
contributions to ensuring information security.
D) Dispatch of a message, both within and outside the country, about Japan’s basic
policies for information securitya) Dispatch of a message about Japan’s information security strategies both within- 51 -

and outside the country (Cabinet Secretariat)
Using PR media such as websites and advertisement, etc., the competent agency
will actively send a message about Japan’s information security strategies bothwithin and outside the country.
Specifically, the English version of “Secure Japan 2008” will be posted on the
English website of the National Information Security Center within FY2008.
3) Promotion of an environment in which individuals are able to use
information-related products and services without much burden
The government will promote an environment where information-related businesses
can develop and supply products and services (“Information Security Universal
Design”) which individuals can use without much burden while enjoying highly
advanced information security functions.
[Specific Measures]
A) Establishment of a framework to stop cyber attacks (Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
Trials and discussions, including the technical and practical aspects, will be
carried out with an aim to establish a comprehensive framework by FY2010 inorder to make measures available to prevent infections by computer viruses (i.e. bot
programs), which enable malicious third parties to carry out cyber attacks by remote
operations, and to rapidly and effectively stop spam mails and cyber attacks fromentering through bot-infected computers without imposing an excessive burden on
individual users.
Also planned is an information exchange with related overseas organizations on
Japan’s commitment will be carried out as necessary.
B) Ensuring security toward creating ubiquitous environment by IPv6 (Ministry ofInternal Affairs and Communications)
Aiming for deploying an IPv6 compatible ubiquitous security support system17
by FY2009, empirical experiments, which model the user environment, willcontinue in FY2008 to solve the issues associated with security assurance toward
creating a ubiquitous environment by IPv6.

17

IPv6 compatible ubiquitous security support system is the system supporting the complex security measuresinstalled in a significant number of ubiquitous devices, not only from the users’ side, but also from the side of theInternet network.

- 52 -C) Security measures for wireless LAN (Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)In FY2008, the competent agencies will continue dissemination andawareness-raising regarding safety measures for wireless LAN through theguidelines for wireless LAN security, entitled “Guide for Safe Use of Wireless
LAN,” and also through the “Internet Safety Class.”
D) Information collection/provision on malicious sites through proactive efforts(Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
Recent illicit programs (malware) such as computer viruses are shifting from thetraditional types sent out in bulk via e-mail to ones that are downloaded by users
from websites or that remain invisible by entering clandestinely, exploiting thevulnerabilities of browsers, etc. In response to these illicit programs, it isincreasingly necessary to proactively collect samples and information by using thesame access methods as general users.
Thus, the competent ministry will operate an automatic system to gain access toInternet websites, collect/analyze malware, etc., and will accumulate the analyzed
data and provide a wide range of general users with relevant information
immediately.

- 53 -

Chapter 4: Formation of Cross-Sectoral Information Security Infrastructure
To promote the formation of awareness as to for what purpose and to what degree of riskeach entity will take for which information security measures, and to maintain continuous
and rigid information security measures of the public and private sectors, it is necessary toconstruct an infrastructure of the whole society as its basis. To that end, the government isrequired to comprehensively address policies from the perspectives of the promotion ofstrategies concerning information security technology, developing and ensuring humanresources engaged in information security, promotion of international partnership andcooperation, crime control, and protection and redemption of rights and benefits.
Section 1: Promotion of Strategy concerning Information Security Technology
With a clear division of roles in the efforts between the government and private sector,
the government will intensively take the following measures as technological strategies
regarding information security continuously from FY2007.
1) Establishment of an implementation system effective for research and development(R&D) and technology development
In order to implement R&D and technology development effectively and efficiently
with limited investments, the government will try to grasp the current situations andconduct periodical reviews of R&D and technology development of information
security of Japan. Furthermore, in order to improve investment efficiency, thegovernment will establish a system to perform R&D and technology development,
keeping in mind the use of outcomes, and to launch new R&D and technology
development efforts on the premise of outcomes being used by the government.
[Specific Measures]
A) Grasp of the implementation progress and continuous review (Cabinet
Secretariat and Cabinet Office)The ISPC, in cooperation with the Council for Science and Technology Policy,
will start assessing the implementation progress of R&D and technology
development relating to the information security of Japan through cooperation
among industry, academia and government continuously from FY2008.
B) Introduction of continuous assessment on effects of investment (Cabinet
Secretariat and Cabinet Office)- 54 -

The ISPC, in cooperation with the Council for Science and Technology Policy,
will implement full-scale assessments (1:ex-ante, 2:mid-term, and 3:ex-post) on theeffects of investment in R&D and technology development relating to information
security technologies continuously from FY2007, and results will be promptly madeavailable for public.
C) Discussions on policies on the use of outcomes for government procurement(Cabinet Secretariat and all government agencies)
The competent agencies will continue discussions in FY2007 on policies to allow
the government to maximize the direct use of outcomes of R&D and technology
development of information security through procurement.
2) Prioritization of information security technology development and improvement of
the environment
In order to advance information security technology and upgrade theorganizational/human resource management methods, the government will promote
R&D and technology development to achieve mid and long-term objectives that are
tied to enhancement of IT infrastructure. At the same time, with respect to R&D andtechnology development for which short term objectives have been laid out, thegovernment will evaluate the investment efficiency and make a well-balanced
investment. The government will take an active role as an incubator for emerging
R&D programs for which efforts of the private sectors are not expected although highinvestment efficiency is predicted.
[Specific Measures]
A) Measures of mid- and long-term R&D and technology developmenta) Promotion of R&D and technology development to achieve mid- and long-term
objectives (Cabinet Secretariat, Cabinet Office, National Police Agency, Ministryof Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, and Ministryof Defense)
In relation to the mid- and long-term objectives that are directly linked with thestrengthening of IT as an infrastructure, the competent agencies will commence
discussions on the measures for intensive investment of public research funds
continuously from FY2007.
b) Research and development of Next Generation Backbone (Ministry of Internal- 55 -

Affairs and Communications)With an aim to develop technologies that enable safe operation of the entire IP
Backbone 18 by detecting and controlling abnormal traffic that would never occur innormal networking by FY2009, the competent agency will continue promoting
research and development activities of the Next Generation Backbone in FY2007.
c) Research and development on detection of, recovery from and prevention ofroute hijacks 19 (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
Aiming to develop technology that enables detection of and recovery from routehijacks within a few minutes, and to establish technology that enables prevention ofroute hijacks by FY2009, the competent agency will continue promoting researchand development activities on the detection of, recovery from and prevention ofroute hijacks in FY2007.
d) Research and development on information security technologies in the area of
information and telecommunications (Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications)
Based on the five-year plan commenced in FY2006, in order to further improveinformation security, the competent agency will undertake the research anddevelopment on comprehensive technologies that ensure the security of information,
including technologies to ensure safety and reliability of the network itself andinformation that runs through the network, and comprehensive technologies that
ensure the security of information, as well as technologies that facilitate immediate
and accurate access to the information with regard to disaster prevention anddisaster alleviation without being disconnected even in case of a large-scale disaster.
e) Research and development of a new-generation technology for information
security (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
As information technology becomes a social infrastructure, information system
incidents may impede the activities of the entire economy and bring risks topeople’s lives and property. Hence, the competent ministry will conduct researchand development of a new-generation technology for information security with theaim of reaching an ultimate solution, instead of managing symptoms.

18

IP Backbone generally refers to backbone communication lines of the Internet protocol connecting relay
facilities of telecommunications operators with each other.
19
Route hijack is a communication failure that occurs when incorrect route data spreads through the network, inwhich routers of each Internet service provider have and exchange route data to establish communication routes.

- 56 -

f) Research and development of technologies for measures against information
leakage (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
Aiming to develop technologies to minimize the damage resulting frominformation leakage caused by the use of file sharing software, etc., which isdifficult to prevent with the self-effort of the individual users, by the end of FY2009,
research and development activities will be conducted continuously from FY2007
concerning detection of information leakage, automated suspending of leaked
information from circulating via networks and enabling advanced and simplified
method of managing chain of custody of information, etc.
g) Research and development for advancement of safety verification of
telecommunications

components(MinistryofInternal

AffairsandCommunications)
Discussions will be conducted continuously from FY2007 on required
technologies

for

improvingtheaccuracyofsecurity

verificationoftelecommunications components, such as functions and equipments, etc. which
compose the information network.
h) Research and development of technology for a new-generation network
infrastructure (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
The competent ministry will promote R&D of technology for a new-generation
network infrastructure that can meet the varied and diverse needs of users andensure optimal quality and security with ease and flexibility. In continuation from2007, the ministry will develop fundamental dynamic network technology andconduct concept design for the new-generation network architecture in 2008.
B) Measures for short-term R&D and technology developmenta) Discussions on improving the investment balance in R&D and technology
development with short-term goals (Cabinet Secretariat, Cabinet Office, National
Police Agency, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Ministry of Economy, Tradeand Industry and Ministry of Defense)
With regard to R&D and technology development with short-term goals, such as
improvement of existing technologies and development of operational technologies,
etc., analysis will be conducted to understand the progress of efforts made by the
public and private sectors, and to improve coordination of the investment portfolio
to avoid under-investment or excess investment in various areas continuously from- 57 -

FY2007.
b) Development of next generation OS environment to realize advanced security
functions (Cabinet Secretariat, Cabinet Office, Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) [Reprise]
While maintaining the environment for the existing OS and applications,development of a Virtual Machine (VM) will be promoted, which can intensively
provide information security functions independent of the existing OS andapplications environment, and a minimum level of OS functions to back up theoperation of VM as a framework of urgency to ensure the reliability of IT throughcooperation between industry, academia and government.
In FY2008, efforts will be made to improve the performance of Secure VM andexpand its application environment, and at the same time, empirical experiments
assuming government agencies use will be conducted and the issues involved in
actual operation will be organized.
c) Promotion of technical development, etc. toward the establishment of Digital
Forensics 20 (National Police Agency)
Technical cooperation with private companies, etc will be promoted concerning
Digital Forensics and development of technology regarding analysis of information
technology will also be promoted in FY2008.
d) Development and evaluation of information system with high level of assurance(Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
The Ministry of Defense will promote research on information systems andevaluation methodology satisfying the Evaluation Assurance Level 6 (EAL6) basedon ISO/IEC15408(evaluation criteria for IT security), continuously from FY2007.
In FY2008, evaluation tests will continue using the samples produced thus far. Joint
research with IPA will also be conducted on the items related to the application of
security evaluation technologies acquired by the Ministry of Defense to the newinternational evaluation criteria.
e) Promoting the advancement of critical communications in IP network systems(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)20

The term, Digital Forensics, is a collective term for methods and technologies used at the time of occurrenceof unauthorized access or information leakage to collect and analyze equipments, data, and electronic records
necessary to determine the cause of the incidents and present legal evidence.

- 58 -

In order to ensure critical communications in IP networks at times of disaster, thecompetent ministry will take necessary measures, conduct technology development
and provide support by continuing studies from 2007, and will consider andorganize the process for advancing critical communications by the end of 2008.
C) Consideration of enhancement of investment in groundbreaking research anddevelopmenta) Formulation of basic policies on groundbreaking research and development(Cabinet Secretariat, Cabinet Office, National Police Agency, Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and Ministry of Defense)
Leaving the area in which technology development is being undertaken in theprivate sector to the initiatives of the private sector, analysis will be conducted
continuously from FY2007 on a portfolio coordination plan, such as investment ofpublic funds, for the kind of groundbreaking research in which the private sector is
not usually prepared to invest.
3) Promotion of the ‘Grand Challenge’ project for research and development (R&D)
and technology development
Information security measures require built-in R&D which is based on mid andlong-term perspective, not just measures for immediate problems. Therefore, for the
R&D and technology development of information security, the government will
pursue not only technology development for short-term solutions to issues, but also
the Grand Challenge R&D project and technology development aiming to realize
fundamental technology innovation with a long-term perspective.
[Specific Measures]
A) Consideration of themes for “Grand Challenge” (Cabinet Secretariat and Cabinet
Office)In cooperation between the Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP)
and the Information Security Policy Council (ISPC), specific discussions will be
conducted in FY2008 on more detailed themes, giving consideration to the project
implementation period, project size, promotion system, budget and laws andregulations concerned.
Section 2: Developing/Ensuring Human Resources Engaged in Information Security- 59 -

The government will make efforts in human resource development for measures of thegovernment, for critical infrastructure measures, and for corporate measures, and willprioritize the promotion of the following measures in FY2007.
1) Development of businesspersons and specialists with multidisciplinary andcomprehensive ability
In information security-related higher education institutions (primarily graduate
schools), proactive efforts will be promoted for developing and ensuring humanresources with multidisciplinary and comprehensive ability by, for example, accepting
students and adults of other areas as well as providing recurrent education.
[Specific Measures]
A) Progressive education program for IT specialist training (Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology)
The competent agency will support establishing centers to develop and facilitate
advanced IT human resource development programs in cooperation between
industry and academia in FY2008 to create an environment where people can use IT
safely and comfortably.
Moreover, the MEXT will make efforts toward the more efficient and effective
dissemination and development of results obtained through the development andimplementation of various education programs at each center, and will also support
projects intended to elaborate and refine education materials.
B) Establishment of a mechanism of objective evaluation of advanced IT humanresources (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) [Reprise]
Based on the report of the Human Resources Development WG of theInformation Service and Software Subcommittee, Industrial Structure Council, thecompetent ministry will prepare a framework of common careers/skills in FY2008
that systematically organizes the skills needed for advanced IT human resources,
including those engaged in information security, in an attempt to attain consistencyof IT Skill Standards, Embedded Technology Skill Standards, Standards for
Information

SystemUsers’ skills

andInformation-Technology

Engineers

Examination.
C) Support for faculty development (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) [Reprise]
In order to promote practical education in each information technology field,- 60 -

including information security, support will be provided to the efforts for faculty
development (FD) of universities and so on will be supported to improve ability ofteachers.
D) Reform of examination system for information processing engineers (Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry) [Reprise]
In order to enhance the development of advanced IT human resources, including
those in information security, Information-Technology Engineers Examination,
which measure skills in various information technology fields including information
security, has been drastically reviewed. New examinations will be held in FY2009,
while ensuring consistency with the framework of common careers/skills.

E) Support system for training projects for human resources engaged intelecommunications (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)[Reprise]
Support will also be provided for training activities to develop human resources
engaged in telecommunications, including security personnel who have professional
knowledge and expertise in the area of information and telecommunications,continuously in FY2008.

2) Systematization of a qualification system concerning information security
The government will clearly define the appropriate skills required for highly
competent information security engineers, CISO in each organization, and personnel
in charge of the information systems of each organization, and promote
systematization of a qualification systems concerning information security.

Section 3: Promotion of International Partnership and Cooperation
With regard to promotion of international partnership and cooperation concerning thearea of information security, the government will prioritize the promotion of thefollowing measures in FY2008.
1) Contribution to the establishment of internationally safe/secure infrastructure and- 61 -

the development of environment enabling such an infrastructure.
The government will empower partnerships such as information exchange withrelated organizations of other countries, through active participation in early warning,monitoring and alarm raising networks, etc. for the protection of criticalinfrastructures, in addition to the promotion of cooperation within a multinationalframework, such as OECD and G8. In doing so, the government will clarify thefunction of Point of Contact (POC) of Japan to deal with cross-sectoral information
security issues and to promote more effective and smooth coordination.
Furthermore, the government will contribute to the development of an environment
on an international scale through cultivation of culture and the improvement ofliteracy at an international level.
[Specific Measures]A) Deliberations on international cooperation/contribution (Cabinet Secretariat andall government agencies)
In order to clarify specific items to be addressed internationally, to identify
partners for cooperation in realizing an “information security advanced nation” andto develop a Japanese Model to actively send messages within and outside thecounty, embodiment of the basic policies and specific measures formulated in
FY2007 to strategically address international cooperation/contribution will belaunched.
B) Promotion of international partnership/cooperation within a multinationalframework (Cabinet Secretariat and all government agencies)
As threats to information security are becoming more ubiquitous, frequent anddiverse, the competent agencies will more actively facilitate cooperation within
multinational frameworks, such as G8 OECD and APEC, in FY2008, and will
strengthen cooperation with the relevant organizations of other countries by actively
participating in the Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST), etc.
Furthermore, in addition to understanding the reality of the information security
measures of other countries, the competent agencies will contribute to thedevelopment of an infrastructure and environment for safety and security that are
globally sought after, through information exchange, knowledge sharing and trust
building among the relevant organizations in other countries. Furthermore, policy
dialogues with related government agencies in other countries will be strengthened
thorough discussions on information security at the cross-sectoral bilateral policy
dialogue.
- 62 -C) Establishment of an information security policy conference in Asia (Cabinet
Secretariat, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry)In order to contribute to the establishment of a secure business environment in
Asia, with which Japan has increasingly been enhancing its economic ties, and to
the regional response for ensuring a stable network environment, the competentagencies will establish a new policy conference concerning information security
between Japan and ASEAN countries, conduct policy dialogues at a senior official
level, conduct policy research studies and dissemination/awareness-raising
activities using international research institutions, etc., and discuss further theenhancement of cooperation between Japan and ASEAN based on the results ofabove efforts.

D) Enhancement of information-sharing system, etc. concerning network
information security in Japan, China and Korea (Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications)Through the ICT Network and Information Security Working Group of Japan,
China and Korea (established in 2004), the competent ministry will enhance
information sharing on the basic policies, incident reports, security trends, etc. ofeach country and promote cooperation with related organizations, including theindustry group of network operators .
E) Clarification of the presence to serve as the function of international POC(Cabinet Secretariat)
With regard to inter-agency information security issues without a clear point ofcontact (POC) for other countries, the NISC will clarify the presence as the functionof POC in Japan, which will be made internationally recognized in FY2008, toserve as an interface to facilitate effective and smooth cooperation with othercountries.
F) Promotion of international PR activities regarding information security policies(Cabinet Secretariat)
In FY2008, international PR activities will be conducted to disseminate the basic
principles and strategies of information security measures of Japan, as an- 63 -

information security advanced nation, measures of the entire government, and status
and functions of the NISC, etc.
G) Efforts to realize an international culture of security (Cabinet Secretariat)
In order to realize the “culture of security” defined in the “Guidelines for the
Security of Information Systems and Networks”, the competent agency willcontribute to the development of an environment in which awareness can be sharedboth nationally and internationally in FY2008, in line with the progress of therevision work of the relevant guidelines by OECD.
H) Efforts for improving international awareness/literacy (Cabinet Secretariat,
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Telecommunications, and Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry)
Deliberations will be conducted on the measures to improve internationalawareness/literacy for information security in FY2008 and discussions will be
deepened with other countries on occasions, such as policy dialogues, on an asneeded basis.
I) Hosting of APT Training/Seminar (Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications)
A training program titled “Construction of Information Security for Broadband
Communications” will be offered in FY2008 through a special contribution by
Japan to the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT).
J) Support for enhancement of CSIRT systems overseas (Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry)
The METI will provide support for the establishment of CSIRTs in the
Asia-Pacific region, etc. through the JPCERT/CC. In FY2008, the ministry will
provide support for the sharing of technologies and experience in incident response
operations accumulated by the JPCERT/CC.
Since events attracting the world’s attention, such as the Olympic Games and theG8 Summit meeting, will be taking place in Asia, the ministry will cooperate toimprove the coordination capability of Asian countries to enable them to make fastand effective incident responses by further enhancing cooperation with CSRITs inother countries, through conducting incident response exercises in the Asia-Pacificregion.

- 64 -

2) International contribution of Japan in the area of information security
While making use of the strengths of Japan, the government will actively perform
its role through the creation of high value-added innovation, international utilizationof technology development with foresight, dissemination and enlightenment of “Best
Practice”, and contribution to the development of international standards.
[Specific Measures]
A) International publicizing and dissemination of Best Practices (Cabinet
Secretariat and all government agencies)
In order to make contributions as the world’s most IT-advanced nation, in
FY2007, the competent agencies will provide, ahead of other nations,multidisciplinary knowledge and achievements on various issues, including
response to IT-malfunctions, disaster prevention and response, and response tocommon social issues that each country encounter, while strategically reflecting
such knowledge and achievements in international standards, etc.
B) Promoting the sharing of early warning information in the Asia-Pacific region,
etc. (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)In FY2008, the JPCERT/CC will install a system developed in FY2007 in the
Asia-Pacific countries and will launch pilot operations with the purpose of
establishing a common system for Internet observation from a fixed point in the
Asia-Pacific region, while maintaining cooperation with related organizations in theregion.
The ministry will promote the regional expansion of target delivery areas andinteractive deliveries of the information on threats and information analysis
concerning software vulnerabilities, etc., which JPCERT/CC is transmitting daily toeach CSIRT in the Asia-Pacific region from FY2007.
C) Strengthening capability to analyze attack methods and promotion of
information sharing on analysis results (Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry)
In order to formulate effective protective measures against attacks, examinations
will be conducted on the framework to analyze technologies and methods used byperpetrators, as well as the trends, etc., and to share the analysis results among
security-related organizations throughout the world.
Specifically, in FY2007, IPA and JPCERT/CC will consider the improvement of
the capability to analyze attack methods and best practices, etc. to globally and- 65 -

safely share the analysis results.
D) Enhancement of information security management in the telecommunications
business (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)With an aim to internationally standardizing the Guidelines for Information
Security Management in the area of telecommunications, the competent agency
proposed the Information Security Management Guideline for Telecommunications(ISM-TG) described in Chapter 3, Section 3, 1) to the International
Telecommunications Union in FY2006 and FY2007, and they were then adopted as
an international standard. In FY2008, efforts will be made for the adoption of this
proposal as an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) international
standard, thus contributing to enhancing the level of information security
management on an international scale.
E) Promoting the creation of a secure business environment in the Asian region(Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
The ministry will conduct joint research with Asian researchers, while utilizing
Japan’s knowledge and experience about methods for promoting the creation of asecure business environment in the Asian region.
Section 4: Crime Control and Protection and Redemption of Rights and Benefit
Based on the view that it is necessary to make cyberspace safe and secure to use, thegovernment will prioritize the promotion of the following measures in FY2007.
1) Development of infrastructure to control cyber crimes and to protect and redeem
rights and benefits
The government will upgrade the standard of cyber crime investigation of law
enforcement institutions and reinforce its system. At the same time, the government
will crack down on cyber crimes through the amendment of the law systems alongwith the conclusion of cyber crime agreements and the strengthening of international
cooperation. In addition, the government will further develop infrastructure for theprotection and redemption of rights and benefits in cyberspace, while giving due
consideration to other rights and benefits: namely, basic human rights, including
confidentiality of communications.
[Specific Measures]- 66 -A) Strengthening of countermeasures against cyber crimea) Improvement of technologies and skills for taking countermeasures against cybercrime (National Police Agency)
In order to appropriately respond to diversifying and more complicated cybercrimes, the competent agency will actively carry out inter-/intra-department training
in FY2007 for police officers who are engaged in cyber crime investigations
throughout the country.
b) Strengthening and improvement of the system for taking countermeasuresagainst cyber crime (National Police Agency)
The competent agency will reinforce and improve the system to appropriately
respond to cyber crimes in FY2008: for example, by contracting out cyber patrol
operations to the private sector.
c) Improvement and strengthening of investigative and analytic equipments andmaterials for cyber crime control (National Police Agency)
In order to respond to increasingly diversified and complicated modus operandi,such as unauthorized computer access, and toward enforcement of a new legal
framework following the conclusion of Convention on Cybercrime, the competentagency will improve and strengthen equipments and applications in FY2007 forcollecting and analyzing information of crimes or illicit activities, etc. by illicit
programs or file sharing software.
d) Promotion of legal framework to appropriately respond to cyber crimes (Ministryof Justice)
In light of the advancement of information processing in recent years, and inorder to appropriately respond to cyber crimes, the competent agency will promotea legal framework for the conclusion of cyber crime conventions. (“Draft law forpartial amendment of criminal laws and others to respond to globalization andorganization of crimes and advancement of information processing” was submitted
to the 163rd Diet, currently under deliberation)e) Strengthening public-private collaboration against cyber terrorism on criticalinfrastructures (National Police Agency)
Enlightenment activities for critical infrastructure operators will be conducted toincrease awareness about measures against cyber terrorism on an as-needed basis in
FY2008, in accordance with the characteristics of the operations of critical- 67 -

infrastructure operators. Efforts will also be made to contribute to emergency
response activities in the event of the occurrence of cyber terrorism, byimplementing joint exercises and by giving critical-infrastructure operators
opportunities for participating in various types of drills, while respecting theintentions of critical infrastructure operators.
f) Promotion of international cooperation for cyber crime control (National Police
Agency)In FY2008, information will be effectively exchanged with law enforcement
organizations of the countries with impact on Japan’s cyber crime situation. Also,
participation in international frameworks related to cyber crime measures, such as
the G8 High-Tech Crime Subgroup meeting and ICPO, will be promoted, andestablishment of a multilateral cooperative relationship will be promoted by holding
the cyber crime conference on the investigative technology in the Asia-Oceania
region, etc.
g) Promoting promptness of international investigative assistance using a Central
Authority System 21 (Ministry of Justice)
The competent agency will expedite the mutual provision of assistance bydesignating the investigative authority as the central authority through directcommunication between central authorities, without going through diplomaticchannels. Agreements on mutual investigation assistance have already come into
force between Japan and the U.S. and between Japan and the ROK. An agreementon mutual investigation assistance was signed between Japan and China on
December 1, 2007 and the competent agency will expedite the necessary procedures,such as early approval of the Japan-China agreement by the Diet, and work on
concluding the ongoing negotiations on agreements on mutual investigation
assistance with Hong Kong and the Russian Federation. The competent agency will
also consider designating a “central authority” under the cyber crime convention,
upon consultation with the relevant agencies.
h) Enhancement of the measures to prevent interference with important radio
communications (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)・The competent agency will ensure the radio monitoring enhancement system,
including the implementation of training, in preparation for the Toyako Summit,
21

Central Authority System is the system that enables mutual provision of assistance without going throughdiplomatic channels by designating a specific authority as a central authority.

- 68 -

and will set up the Headquarters to Handle Interference with Important Radio
Communications within the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications,thus taking all possible measures to respond to the occurrence of interference ofimportant radio communications.
・In order to maintain order in radio wave use, remote control radio wave
monitoring facilities will be renewed and their performance will be improved in
FY2008, and 27 DEURAS sensor stations will be installed in areas whereinterference occurs frequently.
・Consideration will be conducted on the improvement of functions andperformance of the uplink interference source identification system with pilot
operation and the installation of radio source visualizing system (short burst wave
compatible devices) into the system. Studies and research on broadband
monitoring technology will also be conducted.
i) Promotion of concentration and systematization of knowledge on Digital
Forensics (National Police Agency)
In FY2008, the competent agency will promote concentration and systematizationof knowledge on analysis of information technology to establish a criminal case,and at the same time, efforts for Digital Forensics will be promoted, including thepromotion of enhancement of collaboration with related domestic organizations
through holding of digital forensics conferences, etc.
B) Development of infrastructure for protection and redemption of rights andbenefit in cyberspacea) Promotion of dissemination of Provider Liability Limitation Law to Limit
Liability of Providers and related guidelines (Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications)
As done previously, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications will
provide support for the dissemination of said Law and related guidelines throughthe websites of related trade organizations.
2) Development and dissemination of technologies to improve safety and reliability incyberspace
The government will promote the development and dissemination of identification
technology to identify the user at the other end of the communication line under theapproval of all the concerned parties in communications as well as other technology to- 69 -

improve safety and reliability in cyberspace contexts.

[Specific Measures]
A) Promotion of joint research between public and private sectors on measuresagainst cyber terrorism (National Police Agency)
In FY2008, the competent agency will promote joint research on the detection ofsymptoms of cyber attacks by analyzing the logs of firewalls, etc., in cooperation
with universities.

- 70 -

Chapter 5: Policy Promotion System and Structure of Continuous Improvement
The government will comprehensively implement major policies described in theprevious chapter in FY2008 under the following system and persistent structure.
Section 1: Policy Promotion System(1) Enhancement of the National Information Security Center (NISC)
The National Information Security Center (NISC) aims to reinforce the functions of
the promotional system of the government so that the system will perform effectively
for the compilation of the highest wisdom of both within and outside Japan. The NISC
assumes the following tasks: preparation of basic strategies regarding information
security policies of the whole government, designing of technological strategies
concerning information security led by new R&D and technology development on thepremise that the government will utilize the outcomes, inspection and evaluation of
information security measures of the government, analysis of interdependency as tothe information security measures among critical infrastructures, formulation andreview of Guidelines for Formulation of ‘Safety Standards, Guidelines, etc.’
concerning Information Security Assurance of Critical Infrastructures, promotion ofcross-sectoral exercises, and acting as an international Point of Contact (POC) on the
cross-sectoral issues of information security, etc.
Furthermore, since a lot of knowledge on information security has been
accumulated in the private sectors, the NISC will actively strive for utilization of theperson with appropriate skill therein, and at the same time, will aim to function as acenter for human resources development of government officials.
[Specific Measures]
A) Enhancement of the NISC (Cabinet Secretariat)
The personnel structure of the NISC, which plays a core role in promoting theinformation security measures of the entire government, will continuously beensured, and its high-level human resources will be actively utilized to mobilize theexpert knowledge of the public and private sectors.
Under this system, the competent agency will, as policy related measures,
establish the Standards of Measures and PDCA cycle based thereon and implement
the measures described in Chapter 3, Section 1 by, for example, formulating thesystem for the full-fledged operations of GSOC to strengthen the emergency
response capability of the entire government. Besides response to the Standards of- 71 -

Measures and response to emergency, efforts will be made to respond to various
needs to implement the information security measures of government agencies,
such as measures to enhance information security in e-Government, etc. As
measures for critical infrastructures, the measures listed in the Chapter 3, Section 2
will be implemented in accordance with the action plans concerning information
security measures.
In order to improve the functions of the NISC as an international Point of Contact(POC) in Japan concerning cross-governmental information security issues, and toenable the NISC to play a role as an international interface trusted by othercountries, the competent agency will increase the recognition of the NISC as a POC,
promote international trust relations, improve information collection, strengthen thefunctions of information sharing and analysis with relevant organizations, andensure the core function of promoting cross-sectoral policies with regard to
information security. The competent agency will also expand the functions to
conduct examination/consideration for various trends of basic informationnecessary to promote information security measures.
B) Improvement of information security consulting functions to promote
information security measures of government agencies (Cabinet Secretariat)
In order to support the promotion of the information security measures ofgovernment agencies, the NISC will continuously improve information security
consulting functions by the experts of the Center, with the purpose of responding tovarious needs including the response related to Standards for Measures, emergency
response, and response for enhancing information security of e-Government.
(2) Enhancement of Ministries and Agencies
In order to actively promote information security measures of the whole
government, having the Information Security Policy Council and the NISC as its core,
Ministries and Agencies will be committed to the improvement and strengthening of
the information security system of its own. At the same time, in trying to change thetraditionally bureaucratic sectional system, Ministries and Agencies will make efforts
to implement every measure so that integrated and cross-sectoral information security
measures will be facilitated in public and private sectors.
[Specific Measures]
A) Strengthening of the framework for information security measures andimplementation of cross-organizational approaches of the government (All- 72 -

government agencies)
In FY2008, the competent agencies will continue to strengthen the framework fortheir own information security measures, and also continue implementing, incooperation with each other, cross-organizational approaches, such as the share ofoperation procedures and outcomes of information security measures of the public
and private sectors and standardization of the measures, etc.
B) Analysis of/recommendations on information security (Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry)
An information security analysis laboratory will be set up in FY2008 as an
information security analysis department of the IPA. The Laboratory will conduct
studies to analyze threats, attacks, risks and remedial measures in the area of
information security, from socio-economic and technological perspectives, andsubsequently make recommendations.

Section 2: Partnerships with Other Related Organizations
Section 2: Partnerships with Other Related Organizations
The National Strategy stipulates mid and long-term strategies in view of theinformation security issues in Japan; however, information security is widely
associated with people’s social lives and economic activities, and it is necessary to
pursue cooperation with various related organizations in implementing the strategies.
It is required to pay particular attention to the following facts; in terms of therelationship with IT Strategic Headquarters, information security policies are to bepositioned as one of the primary factors of IT policies in various related organizations;and the National Strategy is to practically assume the part of the information
security-related elements of the IT New Reform Strategy. In terms of the relationshipwith the Council for Science and Technology Policy, it is necessary to make sure thatfactors related to R&D and technology development within information security
policies are consistent with the science and technology policies of the government.
Thus, Information Security Policy Council and NISC will promote information
security policies in cooperation with each other.
[Specific Measures]
A) Strengthening of cooperation with relevant organizations, etc. (Cabinet
Secretariat and Cabinet Office)- 73 -

The ISPC will intensify the exchange of opinions with other related organizations,such as the IT Strategic Headquarters, Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy andCouncil for Science and Technology Policy, to clarify the demarcation between eachorganization, and to promote information security measures for the entire
government in an integrated form, by increasing cooperation in proposing andimplementing various measures in FY2008.
Particularly in terms of the relationship with the Council for Science andTechnology Policy, the competent agencies will maintain cooperation with the
NISC, based on area-specific promotion strategies (i.e. information andtelecommunications area) during the period of the Third Science and Technology
Basic Plan continuously in FY2007 and onwards. Additionally, with regard to thenature of information security measures for disaster prevention and reduction, thecompetent agencies will cooperate more closely with other related councils, such as
the Central Disaster Prevention Council, by intensifying the exchange of
information,

thus

promotinginformation

security

measuresforcriticalinfrastructures in an integrated manner.

Section 3: Establishment of the Structure of Continuous Improvement
The situations surrounding the issues on information security change rapidly, namely
new risk factors can emerge one after another, and unexpected incidents, disasters andattacks can occur, so it is necessary to constantly evaluate and improve the effectivenessof the policies. Therefore, the government is required to construct bases for continuous
improvement as below.
(1) Formulation and Evaluation of the Annual Plan
In order to realize the National Strategy, the government will formulate the Annual
Plan as an implementation plan of more specific measures every fiscal year, evaluate theimplementation, and disclose the results as much as possible.
Meanwhile, in order to smoothly promote the measures, such as when a case must
be responded to by related organizations other than the government, the government
will consider a milestone setting that covers several fiscal years, for those requiring
mid and long term plans, without adhering to an annual plan.
[Specific Measures]- 74 -A) Implementation and disclosure of evaluation, etc. 22 (Cabinet Secretariat)
The Cabinet Secretariat will announce the progress of the implementation of
specific measures listed in SJ2008 twice a year and the evaluation, etc. will be
conducted at the end of the fiscal year.
B) Discussions on a milestone toward strengthening information security measuresof government agencies (Cabinet Secretariat)
The schedule for routine evaluation, evaluation criteria and the concept ofevaluation criteria concerning the measures to improve the government's
information security will be formulated.
C) Review of “Action Plan (Cabinet Secretariat) [Reprise]
Based on the discussions at the Expert Committee on Critical Infrastructure, theCabinet Secretariat will compile a review plan (draft for public comment) during
2008, in cooperation with the agencies overseeing critical infrastructures. To do this,
discussions will be conducted with a view to compiling a rough draft in around
September 2008.In FY2007, studies/findings will be conducted on the progress of
the improvement of information security in critical infrastructures, in preparation
for the review of “Action Plan on Information Security Measures for Critical
Infrastructures”. In so doing, discussions will also be made on ensuring andcoordination of consistency with other related cross-ministerial approaches, such as
responses to disasters, etc. Also, discussions on the modality of the public-private
partnership will continue.
(2) Implementing Measures to Respond to Emergencies during Execution of theAnnual Plan
The government, while even executing annual plan, will implement measures to
respond to emergencies in the event of incidents, disasters or attacks, etc.
[Specific Measures]
A) Consideration for reviewing the plan (Cabinet Secretariat)
In the event of an emergency such as a large-scale disaster or attack, or a suddenchange in information security situations, suitable measures will be rapidly
22

In this chapter, “Evaluations, supplementary study and analysis, etc. in line with evaluation criteria” areexpressed as “evaluations, etc.”, consistent with the definition in the “Operational Policies for Evaluations basedon Evaluation Criteria” of the “Evaluations, etc.”, toward Realization of Secure Japan and Promotion of
Reasonable and Continuous Improvements” (decision made on February 2, 2007 by the Information Security
Policy Council).

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designed and carried out, even in the midst of implementing SJ2008.
(3) Development of Evaluation Criteria
No definite evaluation criteria for information security in each implementation areaof measures have been set up thus far. However, since these criteria are indispensablefor the evaluation of the degree of diffusion of information security measures in each
implementation area, the government will promptly consider the criteria, aiming toutilize them for the evaluation of the implementation of the National Strategy.
[Specific Measures]
A) Establishment of evaluation indices for information security measures (Cabinet
Secretariat, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry)
Based on the evaluation criteria developed in FY2006, with a view to visualize
the path to realization of the National Strategy (Realization of Secure Japan), thecompetent agencies will promote the use of criteria for evaluating the degree ofdissemination of information security measures for each implementing body(government agencies, local governments, critical infrastructure, corporations andindividuals) in the government and international organizations and will consider therevision of the relevant evaluation criteria in response to the evaluation results, etc.
Also, with respect to evaluations, etc. 23 , the whole process of the evaluations, etc.
will be smoothly promoted, while the Cabinet Secretariat enhances the functions ofsurvey responsibilities, since supplementary surveys will be implemented whenappropriate.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications conducted deliberations in
FY2006 and FY2007 concerning methods of evaluating the responses oftelecommunications carriers to cyber attacks, as part of cyber attack response
exercises in the telecommunications sector. These are listed in SJ2006, Chapter 2,
Section 2-(4) and in SJ2007 Chapter 3, Section 2-(4). In FY2008, the use of therelevant evaluation criteria by telecommunications carriers in said exercises will bepromoted and discussions will be held on improving the criteria.

23

In this chapter, “Evaluations, supplementary study and analysis, etc. in line with evaluation criteria” areexpressed as “evaluations, etc.”, consistent with the definition in the “Operational Policies for Evaluations basedon Evaluation Criteria” of the “Evaluations, etc.”, toward Realization of Secure Japan and Promotion of
Reasonable and Continuous Improvements” (decision made on February 2, 2007 by the Information Security
Policy Council).

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Chapter 6 Issues to Be Addressed Urgently in FY2009~ Priorities for FY2009: “Development of Infrastructure towards Establishment of Systems
to Promote Sustainable Information Security Measures” ~Chapter 3 to Chapter 5 listed specific measures to be implemented in FY2008, thethird and final year of the three-year National Strategy. These measures emphasize the“efforts for enhancing information security infrastructure” based on the efforts madein the previous two years, FY2006 and FY2007.
Through the development of the efforts of these three years – specifically,“Establishing the System for Information Security Measures in the Public and Private
Sectors” in FY2006, “Upgrading of Information Security Measures in the Public andPrivate Sectors” in FY2007, and “Intensive Efforts for Enhancing Information
Security Infrastructure” in FY2008, the final year – substantive benefits have been
produced in the effort to achieve the objective of the National Strategy; that is, the“Establishment of a New Model of Public and Private Partnership.” In specific terms,
each implementing body (the central and local governments, critical infrastructures,
corporations and individuals) is now aware of the necessity of information security
measures, and systems for such measures have been developed. In addition, central
and local governments, educational and research institutions, information-related
operators, NPOs and media, which are the bodies that facilitate the understanding andsolution of problems, have made various efforts to promote measures by implementing
bodies, thus contributing to the improvement of the measures.
Based on the results of the efforts during these three years, the Information Security
Policy Council has set up the “National Strategy Review Committee” to holddeliberations on the Next (Second) National Strategy on Information Security. This
will be the mid-term plan for FY2009 and onwards. At the same time, as a result ofassessment of the efforts in the last three years, issues that should be addressed havecome to the surface.
Specifically, the last three years have merely developed the “(tentative)
system/foundation to implement measures under the existing conditions/systems.” Inother words, it is hard to say that a sustainable framework has been sufficiently
established to modify and improve measures flexibly in accordance with changes intechnological innovations in IT and the social systems, while continuing to implement
information security measures accurately with a view to the next five or more years.
For instance, government organizations have achieved some results in this short
three-year period in terms of implementing measures based on the PDCA cycle using
the Standards for Measures as a tool. Still, several responsible officers in each ministry- 77 -

or agency are trying to disseminate the measures throughout the organization, andthere is room for improvements in the areas of dissemination and penetration among
the organization and employees, efficiency of measures, and reduction of burdens.
Some ministries and agencies have yet to develop a management system for the entire
organization. Also, since such responsible officers are transferred to other sections on
a two to three year rotational basis, the know-how and skills for implementing
measures cannot be fully handed over, with the resultant issue that it is hard tomaintain effective and efficient measures.
In critical infrastructures, too, each operator has been making efforts for information
security measures. To further these efforts in the future, it is very important to increase
the awareness of society as a whole about these efforts.
Under these circumstances, measures will be promoted in FY2009, with
“Developing a Foundation for the Establishment of a System to Promote Sustainable
Information Security Measures” as a priority issue to be urgently addressed, whilebearing in mind the direction of the next National Strategy.

Section 1 Developing the Foundation for Establishing Systems to Promote Sustainable
Information Security Measures by the Government[Specific Measures]
A) Consideration for introduction of a management system for cross-organizational
information security measures (Cabinet Secretariat)
It is necessary to gain the understanding of the entire organization and implement
measures thoroughly, led by the department in charge of information security, in orderto help information security measures be sustainably implemented by the organization
as a whole. Discussions will be held on the system needed to achieve this objective
and on the introduction of an effective management system.
B) Study on the state of objective scrutiny functions (Cabinet Secretariat)
Objective scrutiny functions (particularly the monitoring function and advisory
function) are required to make the PDCA cycle of government organizations proactive
and sustainable. Thus, the competent agency will discuss the state of scrutinyfunctions, such as ensuring objectivity, ensuring implementation capability, etc.
C) Promoting the methods of addressing the information security of e-Government at
the planning and design stage (Security by Design: SBD)
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It is absolutely essential to incorporate information security requirements
appropriately into operations and systems for developing e-Government. Therefore,
efforts will be made to promote methods of planning/designing information systems
that incorporates information security as a basic concept (SBD), using opportunities
such as the next cycle of the optimization plan for the establishment of e-Government.
D) Support for upgrading information security measures of small- and medium-sizedministries and agencies (Cabinet Secretariat and relevant ministries and agencies)
In order to upgrade the measures of small- and medium-sized ministries andagencies that do not have sufficient financial and personnel resources to promote
information security measures, efforts will be promoted to provide expert knowledge
and know-how efficiently.
E) Promoting use of the Guidelines for e-Government Authentication (Cabinet
Secretariat)
With respect to electronic authentication, which is applied to the electronic
administrative service of each ministry and agency based on its own discretion, the useof the Guidelines for e-Government Authentication (provisional) in governmentorganizations will be promoted, based on the results of discussions conducted in
FY2008, in order to organize and clarify the levels of authentication strength inaccordance with the level of risks, while maintaining safety.
F) Efforts based on the “Guidelines for the Transition of the SHA-1 and RSA1024
Encryption Algorithms that are Used in Government Information Systems” (Cabinet
Secretariat, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and all government
agencies)
A reduction in the safety of the SHA-1 and RSA1024 encryption algorithms has
been reported. In order to ensure the safety and reliability of government information
systems, efforts will be made to replace the encryption algorithms with safer ones in atimely manner, while considering the life cycle of the information system.
G) Priority on ensuring human resources in information security (Cabinet Secretariat
and all government agencies)
In dealing with the chronic shortage of personnel associated with information
security measures in government agencies, efforts will be made to secure experts andpersonnel in charge of the practical operations of information security measures – forexample, allocating a Chief Information Security Advisor – who will serve as key- 79 -

players in the information security measures of each government agency.
H) Enrichment of education programs for government employees (Cabinet Secretariat
and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
While giving consideration to the progress in discussions in FY2008, efforts will bemade to improve the quality of integrated education programs for government
employees (general employees, executive officers and officials in charge of
information security measures) and to increase the number of attended lessons.
I) Enhancement of the emergency response capability of government organizations tocyber attacks (Cabinet Secretariat)
Based on the state of operations of the GSOC, which will commence full operations
in FY2008, and the progress in the development of emergency response systems ateach government agency, efforts will be made to strengthen cooperation between
government agencies and related organizations in the public and private sectors,
enhance communication systems in the event of emergencies, strengthen analysis andplanning functions for attacks, and improve the overall emergency response capability
against cyber attacks.
Section 2 Developing the Foundation for Establishing Systems to Promote Sustainable
Information Security Measures in Areas of Implementation of MeasuresA) Publicity and public hearing activities for the efforts of the entire criticalinfrastructure (Cabinet Secretariat)
Through enhancing publicity for efforts for the information security measures ofcritical infrastructure operators, the government will promote public understanding of
the information security measures taken by those operators, as an indirect support for
their information security activities.
B) Promoting studies on the implementation of information security measures bytelecommunications operators (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
Discussions will be held about the information security measures to be implemented
as preventive measures by telecommunications operators, in light of situations where
the individual Internet users of bot-infected computers can become not only victims
but also victimizers, unknowingly causing damage to others.
C) Promoting efforts to improve the level of information security measures taken by
local governments (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)- 80 -

Efforts will be made for solid penetration into local governments (including smallones) of specific methods for analyzing risks of information assets, and of theprevention of information leakage associated with the outsourcing of information
systems, which are scheduled to be discussed in FY2008. At the same time,
information security monitoring will be facilitated to effectuate the PDCA cycle.
Support will also be offered to the efforts of local governments to formulate theBusiness Continuity Plan (BCP) of ICT departments, in order to prevent suspension ofbusiness and to ensure early business recovery in times of disaster.
D) Promoting the continuous implementation of dissemination and enlightenment
activities concerning the importance of information security measures for ICT service
users (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
In response to the current situation, where methods of malware infection via theInternet are constantly becoming more advanced and sophisticated the competent
ministry will promote the continuous implementation of dissemination andenlightenment activities for the information security measures recommended to betaken by users.
E) Promoting advanced R&D through industry-academia-government collaboration, in
response to the advancement and sophistication of methods of malware infection(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
To deal with the current situation, where methods of malware infection via theInternet are becoming more malicious and the damage is becoming more localized, theministry will enhance advanced R&D in order to promptly grasp the situation andestablish appropriate remedial measures against system failures.
F) Enhancement of measures against spam e-mail messages (Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
Necessary measures will be taken in order to increase the effectiveness of measuresagainst the increasing volume of spam e-mail messages, which are becoming moresophisticated and malicious, such as by developing the necessary systems and making
operations against spam e-mail messages more advanced.
In cooperation with industrial associations such as the JEAG (Japan Email
Anti-Abuse Group), a private organization founded mainly by major Internet service
providers and mobile phone operators in Japan, the competent ministries will promotetechnology that is effective in stopping the transmission of spam e-mail messages,
such as No.25 port blocking and sender ID authentication.
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In order to block the increasing number of spam e-mail messages sent fromoverseas, the competent ministries will strengthen cooperation with foreign authorities
that implement anti-spam measures and promote the introduction of internationalanti-spam measures in the private sector.
In addition, the competent ministers will continue to implement the “Project for
Banning Unsolicited E-Mail” (February 2005 onwards), which provides information
on spam e-mail messages to the Internet service providers concerned so that they cantake the necessary measures, such as suspending service, etc.
G) Promoting the establishment of information security governance (Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry)In order to promote efforts to establish information security governance incorporations, efforts will be made to disseminate the guidelines, etc., that arescheduled to be formulated in FY2008. A support system for promoting information
security measures will be developed, particularly for small- and medium-sizedenterprises, in cooperation with related organizations such as the IPA.
H) Development of a system to ensure the dependability of embedded systems, etc.
(Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
The ministry will conduct studies on matters that developers should take into
consideration to ensure the dependability of embedded systems, etc. Efforts will also
be made for capability improvement/system development to conduct analysis andsafety assessment of tamper-resistant technology, etc. at related institutions, withrespect to the safety of LSI chips and IC cards, which are the core of embedded
systems.
I) Promoting the creation of a secure business environment in Asia (Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry)
Based on the research results of FY2008, the ministry will conduct studies on thefurther promotional measures to create a secure business environment in Asia.
J) Strengthening of systems associated with anti-cyber-terrorism measures (National
Police Agency)
In order to respond to advances in cyber terrorism methods, the systems associatedwith anti-cyber-terrorism measures of the National Police Agency will be enhanced
and developed, such as strengthening the information collection/analysis system andimprovingtheincident

response- 82 -

capability/technologicalcapabilityofanti-cyber-terrorism personnel by implementing in-house and external training
programs. Moreover, enlightenment activities will be performed to raise awareness ofanti-cyber-terrorism measures on an as-needed basis, while giving consideration to thecharacteristics of the operations of critical infrastructure operators. Efforts will also bemade to contribute to emergency response activities in the event of cyber terrorism
incidents by implementing joint exercises and participating in various types of drills,
while respecting the intentions of critical infrastructure operators.
K) Strengthening of systems associated with anti-cyber–crime measures (National
Police Agency)
In order to respond appropriately to cyber crimes, which are growing increasingly
complicated and sophisticated, efforts will be made to enhance/develop systems andenhance measures concerning digital forensics. In addition, the following activities
will be promoted: cyber crime control, nationwide in-house and external training
programs for police officers engaged in investigating cyber crime, dissemination and
PR activities in relation to damage prevention, studies on the state of the
public-private partnership, etc. International coordination/cooperation will beenhanced by, for example, holding a conference on technology for investigating cybercrimes in the Asia-Pacific Region.
L) Study on coordinating the information-sharing schemes and information exchange
models of specialty fields (Cabinet Secretariat, Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
Planning appropriate responses to cyber attacks and IT failure, which have become
increasingly advanced recently, requires information collection/correlation analysis
utilizing diverse expertise and cooperation measures, in accordance with theobjectives/functions of different information-sharing schemes.
To that end, the competent agencies will organize the roles and coordination of
information-sharing schemes in each field, such as the system design field, virus
analysis field and CSRIT/ISP field, and examine information coordination andinformation exchange models (coordination structure design) that are in line with theindividual objectives and functions.
M) Ensuring safety of the information processing infrastructure (Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry)In order to deal with the localization of cyber attacks, sophistication andconcealment of attack methods, and expansion of systems (control system, etc.) that- 83 -

may become attack targets, the competent ministry will promote enhancement of thecapability for analyzing technologies and methods used for attacks and make efforts toimprove the system for sharing malware samples, detection information,
vulnerability-related information, and analysis technologies/tools among relatedorganizations in industry, government and academia both within and outside thecountry.
Efforts will also be made to develop an appropriate information processing
environment through activities such as providing support for incident responses,
providing information concerning secure development and investigation methods for
products to developers of IT products/systems, conducting dissemination and PR
activities for intranet administrators, IT users, etc., and developing technical measuresin tune with the needs of the time.

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