䈖䈉䈋䈇䊐䉤䊷䊤䊛╙ 㪈㪈 ภ㩷 㪆㩷㪉㪇㪇㪊㪅㪈㩷㆏〝⋓࿯᭴ㅧ䈮䉋䉎಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ੍᷹䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮㩷THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PREDICTING COLD AIR DRAINAGE STAGNATED BYTHE ROAD EMBANKMENT↰ઍᐢⴕ*䊶㤥ፒ㕏੺**䊶᧖ጊ㩷 ታ***䊶㜞ᯅ㩷 ⑲*

Hiroyuki TASHIRO, Yasusuke KUROSAKI, Minoru SUGIYAMA and Shu TAKAHASHI
The thermal fluid numerical simulation was applied to predict the drop of temperature due
to cold air stagnated by the road embankment. The express motor way is planned to cross thevalley in the mountainous region with embankment. However, the embankment can inhibit airdrainage and increase the risk of cold injury such as spring frost on paddy and other crops
because the dense cold air moving down on the slope is sustained there. Therefore, the box
culverts were designed to install on the embankment to ease the drop of temperature byventing the cold air.

 Key Words㧦 road embankment, cold air drainage, cold air lake, radiative cooling,numerical simulation, frost damege, culvert㩷㩷㪈㪅㩷㩷䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷䈜 䈭䉒 䈤䇮 ⼱ 㑆 䉇 ⋆ ࿾ ᐩ 䈭䈬 䈮ᵹ 䉏ㄟ 䉂ḳ 䉁 䉎䇯 䈖䉏 䉕ㅢᑪ⸳੍ቯ䈱⥄േゞ㆏䈲䇮ᮡ㜞 300m ⚖䈱ጊ䈱⵿㊁䉕䈫䈍Ᏹ䇮಄᳇ḓ䈫๭䈹䇯࿑䋭㪈 䈮⩲ᐔ⋆࿾䈱಄᳇ᵹ䈱⊒↢䈫಄᳇䉎㓙 䈮䇮৻ ㇱ 䈪⼱ 䉕ᮮ ᢿ 䈜䉎⸘ ↹ 䈫䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯䈠䈱⼱ 䉕ᮮḓ䈱ᒻᚑ଀䈮䈧䈇䈩␜䈜䇯಄᳇ḓ䈲಄᳇䈱ᵹ಴ญ䈏䈭䈇྾ᢿ䈜䉎㆏〝᭴ㅧ䈲⋓࿯䈪⸘↹䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈢䉄䇮ጊ䉕ᵹਅ䈜䉎ᣇ࿐䉁䉏䈢䈫䈖䉐䈮⊒↢䈚䉇䈜䈒䇮䈠䈱ᦨᄢ▸࿐䈲ᮡ㜞Ꮕ䈎಄᳇ᵹ䈏⋓࿯๟ㄝ䈮஗ṛ䈚䇮⋓࿯๟ㄝ䈪᳇᷷䈏ૐਅ䈜䉎䈖䉌ផቯ䈘䉏䉎䇯಄᳇ᵹ䈮䈲ᰴ䈱䉋䈉䈭․ᓽ䈏䈅䉎䇯䈫䈏⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯੹䉁䈪એ਄ 䈮᳇᷷ 䈱ૐਅ 䈏⿠䈖䉏䈳䇮⋓࿯㩷㩷㪈㪀㩷 㑆ᰳᕈ๟ ㄝ 䈮ᐢ 䈏䈦䈩䈇䉎↰ ⇌ 䈪⠹ ૞ 䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎ㄘ ૞ ‛ 䈮ᓇ 㗀 䉕㩷 ጊ࿾ᢳ㕙䈪䈲䇮ᄛ㑆䈮࿾⴫㕙䈱㓚ኂ‛䊶ᬀ↢䈭䈬䈮䉋䉎៺෸䈿䈜䈖䈫䈏 ᔨ䈘䉏䉎䇯䉅䈚䇮ㄘ૞‛䈻䈱ᓇ㗀䈏੍᷹䈘䉏䉏ᡂ䈮䈉䈤䈎䈦䈩಄᳇႙䈏㊀ജ䈮ᓥ䈦䈩ᵹ䉏಴䈜䉁䈪䇮಄᳇႙䈳䇮᷷ᐲૐਅ䉕✭๺䈜䉎ኻ╷䉕⻠䈛䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎䇯䈏ᚑ㐳䈜䉎䈱䈮ᤨ㑆䈏䈎䈎䉎䈢䉄䇮಄᳇႙䈱േ䈐䈪䈅䉎಄᳇㩷 䈠䈖䈪䇮⋓࿯⸘↹࿾䈱࿯࿾೑↪⁁ᴫ䈫⠹૞䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎ㄘ૞ᵹ䈱⊒↢䈲ᄛ㑆䈮 3䌾4 ࿁䈪䈅䉎䇯䈖䉏䈲಄᳇䉕㓸䉄䉎ᵹၞ‛䈮䈧䈇䈩⺞ ᩏ䉕ታ ᣉ䈜䉎䈫౒ 䈮䇮ኻ⽎ ࿾඙䈱⋓࿯๟ ㄝ䈻䈱㕙Ⓧ䉇ᄤ୥䈮䉅䉋䉎䈏䇮ᣣᴚᓟ䈎䉌 24 ᤨ䉁䈪䈮 1䌾2 ࿁䇮䈱಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ䈮䉋䉎᷷ᐲૐਅ㊂䉕ᢙ୯䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䈮䉋䉍24 ᤨ䈎䉌ᣣ䈱಴䉁䈪䈮 2䌾3 ࿁䈱䈖䈫䈏ᄙ䈇䇯ᦨᓟ䈱಄᳇䈱੍᷹䈚䇮ㄘ૞‛䈻䈱ᓇ㗀䉕⹏ଔ䈚䈢䇯ᵹ಴䈏ᄛ᣿䈔೨䈱ᦨૐ᳇᷷䉕䉅䈢䉌䈜䇯O㪉㪅㩷㩷಄᳇ᵹ䈱⊒↢䈫㆏〝⋓࿯᭴ㅧ䈮䉋䉎಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ㩷䋨㪈䋩㩷 ৻⥸⊛䈭಄᳇ᵹ䈱⊒↢䈫಄᳇ḓ䈱ᒻᚑ 1)᥍ᄤᄛ㑆䈮᡼኿಄ළ䈮䉋䈦䈩࿾⴫㕙䈏಄ළ䈘䉏䉎䈫䇮䈖䉏㜞৻⥸㘑෻ኻᢳ㕙ਅ㒠㘑䈮ធ 䈜䉎ⓨ ᳇ 䈏಄ 䉇䈘䉏䈩㊀ 䈒䈭䉍䇮಄ ᳇ 䈏࿾ ⴫ 䈮㓸 Ⓧ 䈚䇮࿾⴫㕙ઃㄭ䈱᳇᷷䈏਄ጀ䈱᳇᷷䉋䉍ૐ䈇ㅒォဳ䈱᷷ᐲಽᏓ䉕␜䈜䇯࿾⴫㕙䈮௑ᢳ䈏䈅䉎䈫䇮಄᳇䈲ᢳ㕙਄䈱ធ࿾ጀ䉕௑ᢳ䈮ᴪ䈦䈩䇮㊀ജ䈮ᓥ䈇ᵹਅ䈜䉎䇯䈖䈱಄᳇䈱ᵹ䉏䉕৻⥸䈮ᐲ ᷷ᥦᏪᢳ㕙ਅ㒠㘑ᒙ޿ㅒォጀ߆ਛ┙ߩ਄㒢಄᳇ḓߩ਄㒢ਛ૏ߩㅒォᒝ޿ㅒォ〒‫ޓޓ‬㔌MO಄᳇ᵹ䈫๭䉖䈪䈇䉎䇯಄᳇ᵹ䈲ⷙᮨ䈏ዊ䈘䈇႐ว䇮ዊ䈘䈇಄᳇႙䈫䈚䈩㑆ᰳ⊛䈮ᢳ㕙䉕ᵹਅ䈜䉎䇯಄᳇ᵹ䈲࿾ᒻ䈱┄䉂䇮࿑䋭㪈㩷 ⩲ᐔ⋆࿾䈱಄᳇ᵹ䈫಄᳇ḓ䈱䊝䊂䊦㪁㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 ਛᄩ⎇ⓥᚲ㩷 ✚วᛛⴚ㐿⊒ㇱ㩷㪁㪁㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㚂ㇺ࿤੐ᬺㇱ㩷 ⅣႺㇱ㩷㪁㪁㪁㩷 㩷 㩷 㚂ㇺ࿤੐ᬺㇱ㩷 ࿖࿯଻ోㇱ㩷㩷㩷㪏㪐㩷㆏〝⋓࿯᭴ㅧߦࠃࠆ಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ੍᷹ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㩷㩷㪉㪀㩷 ಄᳇ᵹ䈫᳇᷷䈘䋺7m䋩䇮᳇᷷䋨᷹ⷰ㜞䈘䋺5m䋩䊂䊷䉺䉕䉁䈫䉄䉎䈫⴫䋭㪈 䈱䉋䈉㩷 ಄᳇ᵹ䈲಄᳇႙䈱േ䈐䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䈎䉌䇮಄᳇ᵹ䈏䈒䉏䈳䇮ᵹ䈮䈭䉎䇯䉏䈩䈒䉎એ೨䉋䉍ធ࿾ጀ䈱᳇᷷䈲ਅ䈏䉎䇯䉁䈢䇮಄᳇ᵹ䈏ᵹ䉏㩷 ಓ㔮ኂ䈏⿠䈖䉎น⢻ᕈ䈱䈅䉎ᤨᦼ䋨࿾⴫㕙䈱᳇᷷䈏᳖ὐਅ䈭䈒䈭䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䈜䈭䉒䈤䇮಄᳇႙䈏ᵹ䉏෰䈦䈢ᓟ䈮䈲਄ⓨ䉁䈮䈭䉎ᤨᦼ䋩䈲䇮10 ᦬ਅᣨ䈎䉌 5 ᦬਄ᣨ䉁䈪䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯ᄛ䈢䈲๟ㄝ䈎䉌ᥦ᳇䈏౉䉍䈖䉖䈪䈒䉎䈱䈪᳇᷷䈲਄᣹䈜䉎䇯㑆䇮಄᳇ᵹ䈏⊒↢䈜䉎ᤨ㑆Ꮺ䈱㘑䈱ᵹ䉏䈲⼱╭࿾ᒻ䈮ᴪ䈦㩷㩷㪊㪀㩷 ಄᳇ᵹ䈱ᵹ䉏䈩䇮ᮡ 㜞 䈱ૐ 䈇ᶏ 䈱ᣇ 䈻ᵹ ಴ 䈚䈩䈇䉎䉅䈱䈫⠨ 䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯䉁㩷 ಄᳇ᵹ䈲࿾ᒻ䈱䉒䈝䈎䈭䉍䈫䉅ૐ䈇䈫䈖䉐䉕㊀ജ䈮ᓥ䈦䈩ᵹ䈢䇮㘑ㅦ䈲㕒Ⓩ䈮ㄭ䈇ᒙ䈇㘑䈫䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯ਅ䈜䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮⼱䈏ᦛᵹ䈚䈢ㇱಽ䈪Ꮉ䈱᳓䈫ห䈛䉋䈉䈮ᵹ䉏䈱ᒰ䉎ᢳ㕙䈪䈲⼱ოᢳ㕙䉕ዋ䈚᣹䉎䈖䈫䉅䈅䉎䇯䉁䈢䇮ᡰ⼱䈏ਥ ⼱ 䈻ว ᵹ 䈚䈢䈫䈖䉐䈪䈲෻ ኻ ஥ ᢳ 㕙 䈮ዋ 䈚᣹ 䉎႐ ว 䉅䈅ኻ⽎࿾ၞ⷏᧲O䉎䇯಄᳇䈲㜞ᐲ䈱ૐ䈇ㇱಽ䈮ḳ䉁䉎䈏䇮ᄙዋ㜞䈇࿾ᒻ䋨ጼ䈭ᶏ䈬䋩䉕⿧䈚䈩⼱䉕ᵹਅ䈜䉎䈖䈫䉅䈅䉎䇯ᶏ߆ࠄߩ〒㔌ψ䋨㪉䋩㩷 ㆏〝⋓࿯᭴ㅧ䈮䉋䉎಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ࿑䋭㪊㩷 ኻ⽎࿾ၞ䈱࿾ᒻᢿ㕙࿑㩷㩷 ᣣᴚᓟ䈱ጊ㣽ㇱ䇮ᢳ㕙ㇱ䈪᡼኿಄ළ䈮䉋䉍಄䉇䈘䉏䈢಄᳇ᵹ䈏㊀ജ䈮䉋䈦䈩ᢳ㕙䉕ᵹਅ䈚䇮࿾⴫㕙਄䈮㆏〝䈱⋓࿯᭴ㅧ䈏䈅䉎䈫಄᳇ḓ䈏ᒻᚑ䈘䉏䉎䋨࿑䋭㪉䋩䇯㆏〝⋓࿯䈱๟ㄝ䈮ᒻ ᚑ 䈘䉏䉎಄ ᳇ ḓ 䈲䇮ਔ ஥ 䈏ጊ 䈮࿐ 䉁䉏䈢⼱ 㑆 䈪ᒻ ᚑ 䈘䉏ᤃ 䈇䇯⼱ 㑆 䈮䈲ᢳ㕙 䈎䉌䈱಄ ᳇ 䈏㓸 䉁䉍䇮಄ ᳇ ጀ 䈲ෘ 䈒䈭䉎⴫䋭㪈㩷 ኻ⽎࿾ၞ䈱᳇⽎᧦ઙ㩷᳇⽎ⷐ⚛
᳇㩷 ᷷㩷㗃䇮ᄐቄ䈲ᦺ  ᤨ㗃䇮⑺ቄ䈲ᦺ  ᤨ䌾 ᤨ㗃䇮౻ቄ䈲ᦺ  ᤨ㗃䈫䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷࡮ᄛ㑆䇮㘑ㅦ䈏 OU એਅ䋨એਅᒙ㘑䈫䈜䉎䇯䋩䈱႐ว䈱㘑ะ䈲䇮⼱╭࿾ᒻ䈮ᴪ䈦䈩ౝ㒽䈎䉌ᶏ䈻็䈒㘑䈏ථ⿧䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷࡮ᣨᲤ䈱ᦨૐ᳇᷷಴⃻ᤨ䈮䈍䈔䉎㘑ㅦ୯䈱 䋦એ਄䈏 OU એਅ䈫䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯㕒Ⓩ䈮ㄭ䈇㘑ㅦ 䌾OU 䈱಴⃻㗫ᐲ䈏䇮ᦨ䉅㜞䈒䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷㩷 ಄᳇ḓ䈮䈧䈇䈩ⴕ䉒䉏䈢ታ᷹଀䈱䈾䈫䉖䈬䈲⋆࿾࿾ᒻ䈪䈅
1,200m 䈪䈅䉎䈱䈮ኻ䈚䇮㆏〝䈱⋓࿯㜞䈲ㅢᏱ 30m એਅ䈪․㩷 㩷 ᓽ㩷࡮ᦨૐ᳇᷷䈱಴⃻ᤨೞ䈲䇮ᤐቄ䈲ᦺ  ᤨ䈎䉌  ᤨ2) 䇯䉎䇯⋆ ࿾ ࿾ ᒻ 䈪䈲䇮⋆ ࿾ ᐩ 䈎䉌የ ᩮ ╭ 䉁䈪䈱㜞 䈘䈲 100䌾

MO㘑㩷 ะ㩷㘑㩷 ㅦ㩷䈅䉎䇯⋆࿾䈪䈅䉏䈳䇮⋆࿾䉕࿐䉃䈅䉌䉉䉎ᣇะ䈱ᢳ㕙䈎䉌಄᳇䈏ᵹ౉䈜䉎䈱䈮ኻ䈚䇮㆏〝⋓࿯䈱႐ว䈲ᴺ㕙䈏⥄ὼᢳ㕙䈮Ყ 䈼ዊ 䈘䈒ή ⷞ 䈪䈐䉎䈱䈪䇮৻ᣇะ䈱ᢳ㕙䈎䉌䈱ᵹ౉䈫䈭䉎䇯⋆࿾䈪䈲䇮ᵹ䉏䈩䈐䈢಄᳇䈏ḳ䉁䉍䇮಄᳇ḓ䈱ᷓ䈘䋨ㅒォḳ䉁䉎䈫䇮䈠䉏એ㒠䈲಄᳇ḓ䈱਄䉕ㅢㆊ䈚䇮⋓࿯䉕⿥䈋䈩ᵹਅ䈜䉎䇯᡼኿಄ළ಄᳇ᵹW㧦ᢳ㕙ᵹW㧦ᢳ㕙ᵹ᳇᷷䋨㷄䋩ጀ䈱ෘ䈘䋩䈏Ⴧ䈚䈩䈇䈒䈏䇮㆏〝⋓࿯䈪䈲⋓࿯㜞䉁䈪಄᳇䈏㪉㪋㪉㪉㪉㪇㪈㪏㪈㪍㪈㪋㪈㪉㪈㪇㪏㪍㪋㪉㪇㪄㪉㪄㪋㪄㪍㪄㪏㪄㪈㪇᦬㪈㪉㪊㪋㪌㪍㪎㪏㪐㪈㪇㪈㪈㪈㪉਄ᣨ 㪄㪌㪅㪇㩷 㪄㪎㪅㪈㩷 㪄㪊㪅㪊㩷 㪄㪇㪅㪐㩷 㪊㪅㪍㩷 㪈㪇㪅㪌㩷 㪈㪋㪅㪏㩷 㪈㪎㪅㪍㩷 㪈㪌㪅㪉㩷 㪍㪅㪍㩷 㪈㪅㪍㩷 㪄㪊㪅㪌㩷ਛᣨ 㪄㪍㪅㪇㩷 㪄㪌㪅㪏㩷 㪄㪉㪅㪍㩷 㪄㪈㪅㪊㩷 㪌㪅㪍㩷 㪈㪈㪅㪍㩷 㪈㪌㪅㪈㩷 㪈㪏㪅㪈㩷 㪈㪉㪅㪋㩷 㪍㪅㪈㩷 㪇㪅㪇㩷 㪄㪋㪅㪉㩷᡼኿಄ළਅᣨ 㪄㪍㪅㪇㩷 㪄㪋㪅㪐㩷 㪄㪉㪅㪈㩷 㪉㪅㪌㩷಄᳇ḓ7㧦⼱㑆ᵹ㧔㆏〝⋓࿯ߦࠃࠆ಄᳇ḓߩᒻᚑ㧕㆏〝⋓࿯਄ᣨਛᣨਅᣨ㪎㪅㪉㩷 㪈㪊㪅㪈㩷 㪈㪍㪅㪍㩷 㪈㪌㪅㪉㩷 㪏㪅㪍㩷㪊㪅㪇㩷 㪄㪈㪅㪏㩷 㪄㪏㪅㪊㩷࿑䋭㪋㩷 ᦼ㑆ᦨૐ᳇᷷䋨㪈㪐㪏㪎 ᐕ䌾㪈㪐㪐㪏 ᐕ䋩㩷㧔಄᳇ࠍ㓸߼ࠆ⼱㑆ࡕ࠺࡞㧕㪌㪇㪥㪥㪮࿑䋭㪉㩷 ㆏〝⋓࿯䈮䉋䉎಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ䈫⼱㑆䉕ᵹ䉏䉎಄᳇႙㩷㪋㪇㪋㪇㪥㪥㪥㪜㪊㪇㪥㪮㪥㪜㪉㪇㪮㪥㪮㪜㪥㪜㪊㪅㩷㩷ኻ⽎࿾඙䈱࿾ᒻ䈫᳇⽎᧦ઙ㩷㗫ᐲ䇭㩿㩼㪀㪈㪇㪊㪇㪉㪇㪪㪮䈋┙䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯ኻ⽎࿾඙䈲䈠䈱ጊ䈱⵿㊁䈮૏⟎䈚䈩䈍䉍䇮಄㪇㪐㪇㩷㪪㪜㪪㪪㪜㪪㪈㪇ⅣႺᄢ᳇᷹ቯዪ䋨એ㒠䇮᷹ቯዪ䈫䈇䈉䋩䈱㘑ะ䊶㘑ㅦ䋨᷹ⷰ㜞㪜㪪㪜㪪㪪㪮⷏䈏ᶏၞ䈮䈭䈦䈩䈍䉍䇮ౝ㒽ㇱ䈮䈲ᮡ㜞 300m ⚖䈱ጊ䈏䈠䈶㩷 ኻ⽎࿾඙๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎᳇⽎䈱․ᓽ䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮ㄭ㓞䈱৻⥸㪜㪮㪪㪮㩷 ኻ⽎࿾ၞ๟ㄝ䈱࿾ᒻ䈲࿑䋭㪊 䈮␜䈜䉋䈉䈮䇮᧲䈏ౝ㒽ㇱ䇮᳇ᵹ䈏⊒↢䈚ᤃ䈇࿾ၞ䈫䈇䈋䉎䇯㪇㪮㕒Ⓩ䋺㪏㪅㪊䋦㻡㪇㪅㪋㪇㪅㪌㪄㪈㪅㪇 㪈㪅㪈㪄㪈㪅㪌 㪈㪅㪍㪄㪉㪅㪇 㪉㪅㪈㪄㪉㪅㪌 㪉㪅㪍㪄㪊㪅㪇 㪊㪅㪈㪄㪊㪅㪌 㪊㪅㪍㪄㪋㪅㪇 㪋㪅㪈㪄㪋㪅㪌 㪋㪅㪍㻡㩷㩷㩷㘑ㅦ䇭㩿㫄㪆㫊㪀࿑䋭㪌㩷 ᣣᦨૐ᳇᷷಴⃻ᤨ䈱㘑ะ䈫㘑ㅦ㩷䈖䈉䈋䈇䊐䉤䊷䊤䊛╙ 㪈㪈 ภ㩷 㪆㩷㪉㪇㪇㪊㪅㪈㩷㩷 4 ᦬䈲ᨐ᮸䈱㐿⧎ᦼ䈮⋧ᒰ䈚䋨࿑㧙㧘࿑㧙䋩䇮䊅䉲䈱㔮ኂ㪋㪅㩷㩷ㄘ૞‛䈮ኻ䈜䉎಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ䈱ᓇ㗀㩷㆏〝⋓࿯䈮䉋䉎಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ䈏䉅䈢䉌䈜᷷ᐲૐਅ䉕ᢙ୯䉲䈏⊒↢䈜䉎㒢⇇᳇᷷䉕 1.8qC 6),7) 䈫䈚䈢䇯৻ᣇ䇮䉟䉼䉳䉪䈱⊒䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䈪੍᷹䈚䇮ㄘ૞‛䈻䈱ᓇ㗀䉕⹏ଔ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮䇮⧘䈲䊅䉲䈱㐿⧎ᦼ䉋䉍ㆃ䈒 4 ᦬ਅᣨ䈪䇮⊒⧘ᓟ䇮⪲䈏಴ᆎ䉄੍᷹䈱ኻ⽎ᦼ㑆䇮ኻ⽎ㄘ૞‛䈍䉋䈶ㄘ૞‛䈻䈱ᓇ㗀ᒻᘒ䉕䈢ᤨᦼ䋨4 ᦬ਅᣨ䌾5 ᦬਄ᣨ䋩䈏ૐ᷷䈮ᒙ䈇䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯䈚⺞ᩏᬌ⸛䈚䈢䇯䉁䈢䇮಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ䈮䉋䉎᷷ᐲૐਅ䈱✭๺ኻ╷䈢䈏䈦䈩䇮䉟䉼䉳䉪䈱㔮ኂ䈏⊒↢䈜䉎㒢⇇᳇᷷䉕Ⓑ䈫ห᭽䈮䈱ᔅⷐᕈ䉕್ᢿ䈜䉎ᜰᮡ䉕ᬌ⸛䈚䈢䇯㩷䋨㪈䋩㩷 ኻ⽎ᦼ㑆

3.0qC 䈫䈚䈢䇯㩷䋨㪋䋩㩷 ಄᳇஗ṛ✭๺ኻ╷䈱⹏ଔᜰᮡ㩷 ㆏ 〝 ⋓ ࿯ 䈮઻ 䈉಄ ᳇ ᵹ 䈱஗ ṛ 䈮䉋䈦䈩䇮ᦨ ૐ ᳇ ᷷ 䉇ᐔ ဋ

㩷 5 ᦬਄ᣨ䈱ᦨૐ᳇᷷䈲ᦨㄭ 11 ᐕ㑆䈪 3.6qC 䈪䈅䉎䇯઒䈮᳇᷷䈱ૐਅ䈏੍ᗐ䈘䉏䉎䇯ᦨૐ᳇᷷䈏ૐਅ䈜䉏䈳䇮ᤐ䈫⑺䈱

䈖䈱ᤨ䇮⋓࿯䈮䉋䉍಄᳇䈏஗ṛ䈚 0.6qC 䈱ૐਅ䈏䈅䈦䈢䈫䈜㔮䈱⊒↢ᤨᦼ䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮㔮ኂ䈮䉋䉍૞‛෼㊂䈲⪺䈚䈒ᷫዋ䈜䉏䈳䇮᳇᷷ 3.0qC 䈫䈭䉍㔮䈏㒠䉍䈩䇮↰ᬀ䈋䈏ቢੌ䈚䈢䈳䈎䉍䉎䇯৻ᣇ䇮ᐔဋ᳇᷷䈱ૐਅ䈲૞‛䈱↢㐳ㅦᐲ䈱ૐਅ䉕᜗䈐䇮䈱Ⓑ 䉕䈲䈛䉄䈫䈜䉎૞ ‛ 䈮ᄢ 䈐䈭ⵍ ኂ 䉕ਈ 䈋䈢น ⢻ ᕈ 䈏䈅ᦨ ⚳ ⊛ 䈮෼ ㊂ 䈱ᷫ ዋ 䈮❬ 䈏䉎䈫⠨ 䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮಄ ᳇ ᵹ䉎䇯䈠䈖䈪䇮಄᳇ኻ╷䉕ᣉ䈚䇮᳇᷷䈱ૐਅ㊂䉕 0.5qC એਅ䈮஗ṛ䈲ᄛ㑆䈍䉋䈶ᣧᦺ䈱৻ᤨ⊛䈭䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䈱䈪䇮䈠䈱᳇᷷ᛥ䈋䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉏䈳䇮䈖䈱ⵍኂ䈲⊒↢䈚䈭䈇䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯ૐਅ䈲ㄘ૞‛䈱ᚑ㐳ᦼ㑆䈮䈍䈔䉎ᐔဋ᳇᷷䈱ૐਅ䈮ᄢ䈐䈒৻ ᣇ 䇮಄ ᳇ ஗ ṛ ኻ ╷ 䈱ኻ ⽎ ㄘ ૞ ‛ 䉕䊅䉲䈫䈚䈢႐ ว 䇮㐿 ⧎ነਈ䈜䉎䈫䈲⠨䈋䈮䈒䈇䇯䈠䈖䈪䇮੍᷹ኻ ⽎ᦼ㑆䉕ኻ⽎ ࿾඙䈱ㄘ ૞ ‛ 䈱ᩱ ၭ ⁁ ᴫ 䉅⠨ ᘦ 䈚䇮ᤐ వ 䈱᥅ 㔮 䈮䉋䉎ⵍ ኂ 䈏⊒ᦼ䈪䈅䉎 4 ᦬਄䊶ਛᣨ䈱᳇᷷䈫ᨐ᮸䈱㔮ኂ⊒↢㒢⇇᷷ᐲ䈱㑐ଥ䈏໧㗴䈫䈭䉎䇯᷹ቯዪ䈮䈍䈔䉎 4 ᦬䈱ᦨૐ᳇᷷䈲ᦨㄭ↢䈜䉎ᦼ㑆䈫䈚䈢䇯৻⥸䈮㒠㔮䈲᳇᷷䈏 3.0qC એਅ䋨᳇᷷䈱

10 ᐕ䈪1.3qC 䈪䈅䉎䇯৻ᣇ䇮䊅䉲䈱㐿⧎ᦼ䈱㔮ኂ⊒↢㒢⇇৻⥸⊛䈭᷹ⷰ㜞䈘䋩䈪⿠䈐䉎น⢻ᕈ䈏䈅䉎 3) 䇯ኻ⽎࿾඙䈮ᦨ᷷ ᐲ 1.8qC 䈫䈜䉎䈫䇮઒ 䈮䈖䈱ᤨ 䇮⋓ ࿯ 䈮䉋䉍಄ ᳇ 䈏஗ṛ 䈚䉅ㄭ䈇᷹ቯዪ䈮䈍䈔䉎ㆊ෰ 11 ᐕ䈮䉒䈢䉎ᦨૐ᳇᷷䈱⸥㍳0.5qC 䈱ૐਅ䈏䈅䈦䈢䈫䈜䉏䈳䇮᳇᷷䈲1.8qC 䈫䈭䉍㔮ኂ䈏

䈲䇮1993 ᐕ 5 ᦬਄ᣨ䈪 3.6qC䋨࿑䋭㪋 ෳᾖ䋩䈪䈅䉍䇮䈖䈱ᤨᦼ⊒ ↢ 䈜䉎䇯䈖䈱႐ ว 䇮಄ ᳇ኻ ╷ 䉕ᣉ 䈚䇮᳇ ᷷ 䈱ૐ ਅ ㊂ 䉕䉁䈪᥅㔮䈏㒠䉍䉎น⢻ᕈ䈏䈅䉎䈱䈪䇮੍᷹ኻ⽎ᤨᦼ䈲 4 ᦬䌾

0.5qC ᧂḩ䈮ᛥ䈋䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉏䈳䇮䈖䈱ⵍኂ䈲⊒↢䈚䈭䈇䈫

5 ᦬਄ᣨ䈫䈚䈢䇯㩷䋨㪉䋩㩷 ኻ⽎ㄘ૞‛⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯㩷 䈖䉏䉌䈎䉌䇮಄᳇ᵹ஗ ṛ䈮䉋䉎᷷ᐲૐ ਅ 䈱✭๺ ኻ╷ 䉕⻠䈛䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎᷷ᐲૐਅ㊂䉕 0.5qC એ਄䈫䈚䈢䇯㩷 ኻ⽎࿾඙䈱ㄘ࿾䋨ว⸘ 7.5ha䋩䈱䈉䈤䇮80%એ਄䈏᳓↰䇮䈠⢦ߩ߁㨯⧎☳ᒻᚑ 㐿⧎䈱ઁ䈲ભ⠹↰䇮⇌䈫䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯䈚䈢䈏䈦䈩䇮㆏〝ᑪ⸳䈮઻䈉಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ䈱ᓇ㗀䉕ฃ䈔䉎ㄘ૞‛䈲ਥ䈮Ⓑ䈪䈅䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮੹ᓟ᳓↰䈏⇌䈅䉎䈇䈲ᨐ᮸࿦䈮ォ឵䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫䉅⠨ᘦ䈚䇮䈖䈱࿾ᣇ䈪৻⥸䈮ᩱၭ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎㊁⩿䇮ᨐ᮸䈱ਛ䈎䉌䇮ᤐ䈮㔮ኂ⧎⧘ಽൻ⚦⢩ಽⵚฦེቭߩ⊒⢒ᨐታ↢⢒ㆊ⒟ભ‫ᦼޓ⌁ޓ‬⊒⧘㨯㐿⧎㨯⚿ᨐᦼᨑ‫⪲ޓ‬᜛ᄢᦼᨐታ⢈ᄢᚑᾫᦼ㙃ಽ⫾Ⓧᦼ᦬↢ℂ⊛⪭ᨐ䈔䉎ㄘ૞‛䉕Ⓑ䇮ᨐ᮸䋨䊅䉲䇮䉟䉼䉳䉪䋩䈫䈚䈢䇯㩷䋨㪊䋩㩷 Ⓑ䇮ᨐ᮸䈱㔮ኂ⊒↢㒢⇇᳇᷷䈫䈠䈱⊒↢ᤨᦼ⪭⪲ᨐታᣂ᪳⊒⧘䉕ⵍ䉎น⢻ᕈ䈱䈅䉎ㄘ૞‛䉅ㆬቯ䈚䈢䇯䈠䈱⚿ᨐ䇮4 ᦬䌾5 ᦬਄ᣨ䈱ᦼ㑆䈮䈍䈇䈩಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ䈮䉋䉎⇣Ᏹૐ᷷䈱ᓇ㗀䉕ฃ⧎ེᒻᚑ⚦⢩⢈ᄢᤐᩮ

⑺ᩮભ⌁ᦼ࿑䋭㪎㩷 䊅䉲䈱↢⢒ㆊ⒟ 㪌㪀㩷ᨑ⪲ߩિ㐳ዷ㐿㩷 䈖䈱࿾ᣇ䈱↰ᬀ䈋䈲 4 ᦬ਅᣨ䈎䉌 5 ᦬਄ᣨ䈮ⴕ䉒䉏䇮↰ᬀ⾂⬿㙃ಽߩേ߈෼ⓠᨐᢙ䈋⋥ ᓟ 䈱⧣ 䈲ૐ ᷷ 䈮ᒙ 䈇䈱䈪䇮㒠 㔮 䈏䈅䉏䈳⧣ 䈮ᄢ 䈐䈭ⵍኂ䈏↢䈛䉎䈫⠨ 䈋䉌䉏䉎䋨࿑䋭㪍䋩䇯䈠䈖䈪䇮䈖䈱ᤨᦼ䈱Ⓑ䈱㔮ኂ䈏⊒↢䈜䉎㒢⇇᳇᷷䈲㒠㔮⊒↢น⢻䈭᳇᷷䈪䈅䉎 3.0qC
䈫䈚䈢䇯಄ኂ߇⊒↢ߒᤃ޿⨲ਂ⨍ᢙE⨍ᢙ⨲ਂᩮᨐታ᦬ᩮᵴേ㐿ᆎ㧠㧡⊒⧘ዷ⪲⧎ᐨಽൻᆎᦼ㧢⌕ᨐᆎ߼㙃ಽォ឵ᦼ㧣㧤િ㐳ωలታ෼లⓠታᆎω߼ᚑᾫᵴ↰ ⌕ᬀ ᦼ↢ᱺ↢㐳ᦼಽߌߟᦨ⋓ᦼ᦭ലಽߌߟ᳿ቯᦼᦨ Ⓞ ᨑ߃㜞 㚂 ᪪޿ಽ ಽ ಽ⧎ߌ ൻ ൻಽߟ ᦼ ᦼൻᦼᦼ⧎ల☳ታᲣᦼ⚦⢩ᷫᢙಽⵚᦼ⊓‫ޓ‬ᾫ‫ᦼޓ‬Ⓞ߫ࠄߺᦼ ಴Ⓞᦼᚑᾫω⫾Ⓧ෼ⓠ⚳ࠊࠅᨐታ⢈ᄢᨑߩలታ ᦼᩕ㙃↢㐳ᦼ㧥㧝㧞⪭‫ޓ‬⪲Ⓑߩ ᚑ㐳᦬㧛ᣣᨐታߩ⊒⢒ᩮߩᵴേᨑ⪲᜛ᄢᦼหൻ㙃ಽ੃ᾫᦼ♟㤛ቢ‫ޖ‬‫ޖ‬‫ޖ‬෼ⓠભ‫ᦼޓ⌁ޓ‬િ㐳ዷ㐿ᦼ
⾂⬿㙃ಽ
⾂⬿㙃ಽ
⫾Ⓧᦼ࿑䋭㪏㩷 䉟䉼䉳䉪䈱↢⢒ㆊ⒟ 8),9)

࿑䋭㪍㩷 Ⓑ䈱ᚑ㐳䈫಄ኂ䈏⊒↢䈚ᤃ䈇ᤨᦼ㩷㩷㩷㪐㪈㩷㆏〝⋓࿯᭴ㅧߦࠃࠆ಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ੍᷹ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㪌㪅㩷㩷಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ੍᷹䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮㩷㩷 䈢䈣䈚䇮㩷 ಄᳇ᵹ䈱 3 ᰴరᢙ୯䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䈮䈍䈔䉎ᡰ㈩ᣇ⒟ᑼ䈫㩷 㩷 T(z)䋺㜞䈘䌺䈪䈱᷷ᐲ䈚䈩䇮㕖࿶❗ ᕈ䋨ኒᐲ U ৻ቯ䋩䈱ㅪ⛯ 䈱ᑼ䇮ㆇേᣇ⒟ ᑼ䇮䉣㩷㩷z䊈䊦䉩䊷ᣇ⒟ᑼ䉕↪䈇䇮ੂᵹ䊝䊂䊦䈮䈲৻⥸⊛䈮䉋䈒૶↪䈘㩷㩷㪉㪀㩷 ࿾⴫㕙᧦ઙ䉏䉎䇸k䋭㱑2 ᣇ⒟ᑼ䊝䊂䊦䇹䉕↪䈇䈢䇯䉁䈢䇮᷷ᐲᏅ䈮䉋䉎ᶋ䋨࿾⴫㕙ᛶ᛫䋩ജ 䈲䊑䉳䊈䉴䉪ㄭ ૃ䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯䈖䉏䉌䈱ᣇ ⒟ᑼ 䉕᦭ 㒢૕ Ⓧᴺ

㩷 㩷 ᰴᑼ䈪⴫䈘䉏䉎ኻᢙೣ䈪ਈ䈋䈢䇯䈪㔌ᢔൻ䈚䈢䊒䊨䉫䊤䊛䈪⸃ᨆ䈚䈢䇯㩷㩷㩷㩷 U z⴫䋭㪈㩷 ಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䈱ၮ␆ᣇ⒟ᑼㅪ⛯䈱ᑼ
wu iwx i§ wu i wu j ·°½w §2 · w °­¸¾  Ug iE T  T0¨ P  Uk ¸ ® P  P t ¨¨¸wx i ©
3 ¹ wx j °̄
© wx j wx i ¹¿°䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷ᣇ⒟ᑼw §¨ § P P t · w T ·¸¨ ¸wx j ¨© ¨© Pr Prt ¸¹ wx j ¸¹wU k wU u jk
wtwx jw §¨ P t w k ·¸
 G S  G T  UHw x j ¨© V k w x j ¸¹w §¨ P t w H ·¸HUH 2
 C1
GS  GT  C2w x j ¨© V H w x j ¸¹kkk2 䋬GSH㩷

䋨䌺=1/2h䋬h:࿾⴫㕙䈮ធ䈜䉎╙৻ⷐ⚛䈱㜞䈘䋩㩷 㩷 z 0 䋺࿾⴫㕙䈱☻ᐲ㐳䋨z 0 =0.20m䋩

(4)ੂᵹᶖᄬ₸㱑䈱ᣇ⒟ᑼ

UCP㩷 㩷 z 䋺࿾⴫㕙䈎䉌䈱㋦⋥㜞䈘䋨ᄢ᳇䈫࿾⴫㕙䈱ᾲવ㆐䋩࿾⴫㕙䈱᷷ ᐲ䉕 3.0㷄䈫䈚䇮ᄢ᳇䈱ᾲ੤ ឵䈲᷷ᐲ ኻᢙ ೣੂᵹ䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷 k 䈱ᣇ⒟ᑼ

Pt

(2)

(3)

wU T w U u j Twtwx jw UH
wt
wx j

㩷 㩷 u * 䋺៺ᡂㅦᐲ㩷 㩷 㱖䋺䉦䊦䊙䊮ቯᢙᐔဋᵹ䈱ャㅍᣇ⒟ᑼ

wU u jHu*z  lnN z0㩷 䈢䈣䈚䇮

(1)

0wUu i wUu ju iwt
wx j䋺࿾⴫㕙䈎䉌䈱㋦⋥㜞䈘䋨0䌾10m䋩

§ wu wu j · wu i 䋬¸GTPt ¨ i ¨ wx j wx i ¸ wx j©
¹g iE(5)䈮䉋䉎ᾲવ㆐ᑼ䈪ਈ䈋䈢䇯㩷㩷㪊㪀㩷 ஥㕙䊶਄ⓨ㕙᧦ઙ㩷 䊐䊥䊷䉴䊥䉾䊒᧦ઙ䈫䈚䈢䇯㩷㩷㪋㪀㩷 ᵹ಴㕙᧦ઙ ⥄ὼᵹ಴᧦ઙ䈫䈚䈢䇯P t wTV t wx i㜞ߐ(㨦)CP 0.09, Vk 1.0, VH 1.3, C1 1.44, C2 1.92, C3 0.0

਄ⓨ㕙

䈢䈣䈚䇮㩷
㫏㫀㩷 㪑ᐳᮡ㩷㫌㫀㩷 㪑ᵹ૕ㅦᐲ㩷㫋㩷 㪑ᤨ㑆㩷㱝㩷 㪑ᵹ૕ኒᐲ㩷㫇㩷 㪑ᵹ૕࿶ജ㩷㱘㩷 㪑☼ᕈଥᢙ㩷㩷 㩷㱘㫋㩷 㪑᷵☼ᕈଥᢙ㩷 㱎㩷 㪑૕⤘ᒛ₸㩷㪧㫉㩷 㪑䍪䍽䍵䍻䍢䍷ᢙ㩷㪧㫉㫋㩷 㪑ੂᵹ䍪䍽䍵䍻䍢䍷ᢙ㩷 㩿㪔㪇㪅㪐㪀㩷㫂㩷 㪑ੂᵹ䍒䍦䍷䍕䍼䍎㩷 㱑㩷 㪑ੂᵹᶖᄬ₸ 㩷ᵹ౉㕙㘑਄㕙

᷷ᐲ 6 㘑ㅦ 7䋨㪈䋩㩷 Ⴚ⇇᧦ઙ㩷㩷㪈㪀㩷 ᵹ౉㕙᧦ઙ䋨㘑ㅦ᧦ઙ䋩㩷 ኻ ⽎ ࿾ ၞ 䈱㕒 Ⓩ ᤨ 䈮䈍䈔䉎㘑 ㅦ ಽ Ꮣ 䈏ᓧ 䉌䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䈢⸃ᨆ㗔ၞᵹ಴㕙㘑ਅ㕙㆏〝⋓࿯࿾⴫㕙࿑䋭㪐 ಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮᭎ⷐ䉄䇮ᣢᓔ੐଀䉕ෳ⠨䈮 100m 㜞䈘䈪 0.5m/s 䈫䈚䇮㋦⋥ᣇะ䈱㩷㩷㪌㪀㩷 䊜䉾䉲䊠ಽഀಽᏓ䈲 1/10 ਸ਼ೣ䈮ᓥ䈉䉅䈱䈫䈚䈢䇯㩷 ᳓ᐔᣇะ䇮㋦⋥ᣇะ䈫䉅䈮㆏〝⋓࿯๟ㄝ䉕 1m 㑆㓒䈪⚦䈎

110䈒䊜䉾䉲䊠ಽഀ䈚䇮㆏〝⋓࿯䈎䉌㆙䈙䈎䉎䈮ᓥ䈇䊜䉾䉲䊠㑆㓒䉕㩷 Uz§ z ·U a ¨¨ ¸¸© za ¹(6)㩷㩷㪍㪀㩷 ⸘▚ᣇᴺ㩷 䈢䈣䈚䇮㩷 ⸘▚䈲⋓࿯๟ㄝ䈱᷷ᐲ䈏ૐਅ䈚ቯᏱ䈮䈭䉎䉁䈪ⴕ䈦䈢䇯㩷 㩷 㩷 U(z)䋺છᗧ㜞䈘䈮䈍䈔䉎㘑ㅦ㩷㩷 㩷 㩷 Za䋺ၮḰ㜞䈘䋨Z a =100m䋩㩷 㩷 㩷 Ua䋺ၮḰ㜞䈘䈮䈍䈔䉎㘑ㅦ䋨U a =0.5m/s䋩㩷㩷 z䋺࿾⴫㕙䈎䉌䈱㋦⋥㜞䈘㪍㪅㩷㩷㆏〝⋓࿯๟ㄝ䈱᷷ᐲૐਅ㊂䈫✭๺ኻ╷䈱ᬌ⸛㩷䋨㪈䋩㩷 ஗ṛ⸃ᨆ䊝䊂䊦㩷 ಄᳇ᵹ੍᷹䈱ኻ⽎࿾඙䈱 3 ᰴర⸃ᨆ䊝䊂䊦䉕࿑㧙 䈮␜䋨᷷ᐲ᧦ઙ䋩㩷 ᣢᓔ੐଀䉕ෳ⠨䈮 0䌾10m 㜞䈘䈱᷷ᐲ T 䈲࿾⴫䈪 - 3㷄䇮
㜞䈘 10m 䈪 0㷄䈫䈭䉎䉋䈉䈮ᰴᑼ䈮䉋䉍ਈ䈋䈢䇯10m 䈎䉌਄ⓨ䈱⸃ᨆ㗔ၞႺ⇇䉁䈪䈲৻᭽䈮 0㷄䈫䈚䈢䇯㩷㩷㩷㩷 Tz㪐㪉㩷

0.3 u z - 3☻䈒䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯

(7)䈜䇯⸃ᨆ䊝䊂䊦䈲ኅደ 䈭䈬䈱ᑪ▽‛䉅⠨ ᘦ䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯䈖䈱࿾඙䈱⼱╭䈲䇮⸘↹㆏〝䈫ᐔⴕ䈮⼱╭䈏⿛䈦䈩䈍䉍䇮ᦨ⚳⊛䈮ฦ ⼱ ╭ 䈏ว ᵹ 䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯⋓ ࿯ ᑪ ⸳ 䈮䉋䈦䈩䇮䈖䉏䉌䈱⼱ ╭ 䉕ಽᢿ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䈭䉎䇯⸃ᨆ▸࿐䈲⼱╭䉕࿐䉃ᮮ 1,630m㬍❑450m 䈫䈚䈢䇯䈖䈉䈋䈇䊐䉤䊷䊤䊛╙ 㪈㪈 ภ㩷 㪆㩷㪉㪇㪇㪊㪅㪈㩷㆏〝⋓࿯㩷ኅደ㩷࿾ᒻ䊝䊂䊦䋨⃻ᴫ䋩㩷࿾ᒻ䊝䊂䊦䋨㆏〝ᑪ⸳ᓟ䋩㩷࿑䋭㪈㪇㩷 㩷 ኻ⽎࿾඙䈱࿾ᒻ䈫⸃ᨆ࿾ᒻ䊝䊂䊦㩷ૐ 䈇䈫⠨ 䈋䉌䉏䉎䈏䇮䊅䉲╬ 䈱⢛ ਂ 䈱㜞 䈇ᨐ ᮸ 䈮ኻ 䈚䈩䈲䇮䋨㪉䋩㩷 ㆏〝⋓࿯๟ㄝ䈱᷷ᐲૐਅ㊂㔮ኂ䈭䈬䈱ᖡᓇ㗀䈏⿠䈖䉎น⢻ᕈ䈏䈅䉎䈢䉄䇮᷷ᐲૐਅ䉕✭㩷 ࿑㧙 䈮࿾਄ 1.0m 䈱᷷ᐲಽᏓ䉕␜䈜䇯࿑㧙 䈮ฦ⼱╭๺䈜䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯䈱ਛ䈪ᦨ䉅᷷ᐲ䈏ૐਅ䈜䉎࿾ὐ䋨࿑㧙 ਛ䈮␜䈜⿒⍫ශ䈱వ┵ઃㄭ䋩䈱㋦⋥᷷ᐲಽᏓ䉕␜䈜䇯䋨㪊䋩㩷 ᷷ᐲૐਅ✭๺╷䈱ᬌ⸛㩷㩷㪈㪀㩷 ⃻ᴫ䈱᷷ᐲಽᏓ㩷 ⼱╭ No.2 ౝ䈱᷷ᐲૐਅ䉕✭๺䈜䉎ኻ╷䈲䇮࿾ὐ No.2-1㩷 ⼱╭ No.1 䈫 No.2 䈏วᵹ䈜䉎ઃㄭ䋨วᵹㇱ A䋩䇮⼱╭ No.1䈫วᵹㇱ A 䈮⸳⟎䈚䈩䈇䉎䊗䉾䉪䉴䉦䊦䊋䊷䊃䈱૏⟎䇮಄᳇䈱䈫 No.3 䈏วᵹ䈜䉎ઃㄭ䋨วᵹㇱ B䋩䈪᷷ᐲ䈏ૐ䈒䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯ᵹ 䉏䉕ൊ ᩺ 䈚䇮䊗䉾䉪䉴䉦䊦䊋䊷䊃䈱ᢿ 㕙 Ⓧ 䋨ᒰ ೋ ⸘ ↹ 䋺30಄ ᳇ 䈱ᵹ 䉏䈲⼱ ╭ 䈮ᴪ 䈦䈩ᮡ 㜞 䈱ૐ 䈇䈫䈖䉐䈻ᵹ ਅ 䈚䈩䈇m 2 䋩䉕᜛ᄢ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈫䈚䈢䇯䈠䈖䈪䇮ᰴ䈱䉋䈉䈭⸃ᨆᚻ㗅䈪᷷ᐲ䉎䇯⼱╭ No.1 䈱วᵹㇱ A ઃㄭ䈎䉌วᵹㇱ B 䈻ะ䈉ᵹ䉏䈲䇮ૐਅ䈱✭๺䈮ᔅⷐ䈭ᢿ㕙Ⓧ䉕੍᷹䈚䈢䇯ᵹਅ䈜䉎䈮䈧䉏䈩ㅦ䈒䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷㩷㪉㪀㩷 ㆏〝⋓࿯ᑪ⸳ᓟ䈱᷷ᐲಽᏓ㩷 ⃻ᴫ䈮ኻ䈚䈩⼱╭ No.2 ౝ䈏ᦨ䉅᷷ᐲ䈏ૐਅ䈚䈩䈍䉍䇮ᰴ䈇䈪⼱╭ No.3 䈫䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯⼱╭ No.1 ౝ䈪䈲䇮วᵹㇱ A 䈱⋓࿯䈮䊗䉾䉪䉴䉦䊦䊋䊷䊃䈏⸳⟎䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈏䇮⼱╭ No.2 䈎䉌䈱಄ ᳇ ᵹ 䈏⋓ ࿯ 䈮䉋䈦䈩䈾䈫䉖䈬䈏Ⴇ 䈐ᱛ 䉄䉌䉏䉎䈢䉄䇮⼱╭ No.1 䈻ᵹ䉏಴䈜಄᳇㊂䈏ዋ䈭䈒䈭䉍䇮⼱╭ No.1 ౝ䈱วᵹㇱ A 䈎䉌วᵹㇱ B 㑆䈱᷷ᐲ䈏⃻ᴫ䉋䉍㜞䈒䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷 วᵹㇱ B ઃㄭ䈪䈲㆏〝䈱⋓࿯᭴ㅧ䈮䉋䈦䈩಄᳇䈏ḳ䉁䉍䉇䈜䈇࿾ ᒻ 䈮䈭䈦䈢䈢䉄䇮ᄙ ዋ ᷷ ᐲ 䈏ૐ ਅ 䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯⼱ ╭No.2 ౝ䈪䈲಄᳇䈱ᵹ䉏䈏Ⴇ䈐ᱛ䉄䉌䉏䇮⼱╭ో૕䈪಄᳇䈏஗ṛ䈚᷷ᐲ䈏ૐਅ䈚䇮࿾ὐ No.2-1 䈪䈲࿾਄㜞䈘 3m 䈪᷷ᐲૐਅ㊂䈏 0.5㷄䈫䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯⼱╭ No.3 ౝ䈱⋓࿯๟ㄝ䈪಄᳇䈱ᵹ䉏䈏Ⴇ䈐ᱛ䉄䉌䉏䇮಄᳇䈏஗ṛ䈚ᄙዋ᷷ᐲ䈏ૐਅ䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷 એ਄䈱⚿ᨐ䈎䉌䇮⼱╭ No.2 ౝ䈱࿾ὐ No.2-1 䈪䈲䇮࿾਄㜞
䈘 3m 䈪᷷ᐲૐਅ㊂䈏 0.5㷄䈫䈭䈦䈩䈍䉍䇮Ⓑ╬䈱⢛ਂ䈱ૐ䈇ㄘ૞‛䈱႐ว 䈲䇮಄᳇ᵹ䈱஗ṛ䈮䉋䉎㔮 ኂ䈭䈬䈱น⢻ ᕈ䈲㽲㩷 䊗䉾䉪䉴䉦䊦䊋䊷䊃䈱ᢿ㕙Ⓧ䉕 40m 2 䈪⸃ᨆ䈚䈢䋨╙ 1᩺䋩䇯⼱╭ No.2 ౝ䈪⧯ᐓ᷷ᐲૐਅ䈏✭๺䈘䉏䈢䈏䇮࿾ὐ No.2-1 䈱࿾਄㜞䈘 3m 䈪᷷ᐲૐਅ㊂䈲 0.5㷄䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯㽳㩷 䊗䉾䉪䉴䉦䊦䊋䊷䊃䉕ᢿ㕙Ⓧ 100m 2 䈫චಽᄢ䈐䈒䈫䉍⸃ᨆ䈚䈢䋨╙ 3 ᩺䋩䇯࿾ὐ No.2-1 䈪චಽ䈮᷷ᐲૐਅ䈏✭๺䈘䉏䈢䇯㽴㩷 ╙ 1 ᩺䈫╙ 3 ᩺䈎䉌᷷ᐲૐਅ䈱✭๺䈮ᔅⷐ䈭ᦨዊ㒢䈱ᢿ㕙Ⓧ䉕 50m 2 䈫ᗐቯ䈚䈩⸃ᨆ䈚䈢䋨╙ 2 ᩺䋩䇯䈠䈱⚿ᨐ䇮╙ 1 ᩺䉋䉍䉅಄᳇஗ṛ䈱⸃ᶖലᨐ䈏䈅䉍䇮࿾ὐ
No.2-1 䈱࿾਄㜞䈘 3m 䈪䈱᷷ᐲૐਅ㊂䈲 0.4㷄䈫䈭䈦䈢䇯㩷 ⼱╭ No.1 ౝ䈪䈲䇮䊗䉾䉪䉴䉦䊦䊋䊷䊃䈱ᢿ㕙Ⓧ䈱᜛ᄢ䈮઻䈦䈩䇮วᵹㇱ A 䈱䊗䉾䉪䉴䉦䊦䊋䊷䊃䈱ਅᵹ㗔ၞ䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮ᒰ ೋ ⸘ ↹ 䈮Ყ 䈼᷷ ᐲ 䈱ૐ ਅ 䈏⷗ 䉌䉏䉎䈏䇮⃻ ᴫ 䉋䉍᷷ ᐲ 䈲㜞䈒䇮䉁䈢䇮วᵹㇱ A 䈎䉌วᵹㇱ B 䈱࿾਄㜞䈘 3m એౝ䈱᷷
ᐲૐਅ㊂䈲 0.2㷄એਅ䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷㩷㪐㪊㩷㆏〝⋓࿯᭴ㅧߦࠃࠆ಄᳇ᵹ஗ṛ੍᷹ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㩷 䉋䈦䈩䊗䉾䉪䉴䉦䊦䊋䊷䊃䈱ᢿ㕙Ⓧ䈏 50 m 2 એ਄䈪䈅䉏䈳䇮࿾਄㜞䈘 3m એౝ䈪䈲䇮᷷ᐲૐਅ㊂䉕 0.4㷄એਅ䈮ᛥ䈋䉎䈖㪈㪇㪐㪐䈫䈏น⢻䈫䈭䉎䇯㪏㪏⼱╭ 0Q

㪎㪍㪌⃻䇭䇭ᴫᒰೋ⸘↹᩺╙㪈᩺╙㪉᩺╙㪊᩺㪋㪊㪉㪈วᵹㇱ #㩷

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0Q╙㪉᩺㪈╙㪊᩺㪇㪄㪊㪅㪇㪄㪉㪅㪌ᒰೋ⸘↹᩺㪄㪉㪅㪇㪄㪈㪅㪌᷷ᐲ䇭㩿㷄㪀㪄㪈㪅㪇࿾ὐ㪥㫆㪅㪊㪄㪈࿑䋭㩷 ㋦⋥᷷ᐲಽᏓ䋨࿾ὐ 0Q䋬0Q0Q䋩ෳ⠨ᢥ₂1)╙  ᩺2)࿑䋭㩷 ᷷ᐲಽᏓ䋨࿾਄㜞䈘O䋩㪎㪅㩷㩷䈍䉒䉍䈮㩷㩷 ੍ ᷹ ⚿ ᨐ 䈲ᧄ ⸃ ᨆ 䈫ห ⷙ ᮨ 䈱㆏ 〝 ⋓ ࿯ ๟ ㄝ 䈮䈍䈔䉎㘑ะ䊶㘑ㅦ䇮᷷ᐲ䈱ታ᷹଀䉇㆏〝⋓࿯䈱ᑪ⸳೨ᓟ䈮䈍䈔䉎᷷ᐲಽᏓ䇮᷷ᐲૐਅ㊂䈱ᢙ୯⸃ᨆ੐଀䈫Ყセ䈚䈩䈾䈿ᅷᒰ䈭䉅䈱䈫⠨ 䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮಄᳇ ᵹ ஗ ṛ੍ ᷹䈮↪ 䈇䈢੍᷹᧦ઙ 䈲ኻ ⽎ ࿾ ඙ 䈱ታ ᷹ ⚿ ᨐ 䈎䉌ᓧ 䉌䉏䈢㘑 ะ 䊶㘑 ㅦ 䇮᷷ ᐲ䊂䊷䉺䈪䈲䈭䈒䇮ㄭ㓞䈱᷹ቯዪ䊂䊷䉺䈫ᣢᓔ੐଀䉕ෳ⠨䈮䈚䈩䈇䉎䈢䉄䇮ኻ⽎࿾඙䈮䈍䈇䈩⃻ᴫ䈱ታ᷹⺞ᩏ䉕ⴕ䈇䇮ᬌ⸽䉕䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䉋䉍ᦸ䉁䈚䈇䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯ᤘ๺ 54 ᐕᐲో࿖ᄢળ䉲䊮䊘䉳䉡䊛䇸㔮ኂ䈫ᄛ㑆䈱᳇ᵹ䇹ⷐᣦ䇮ㄘᬺ᳇⽎䇮Vol.35,No.2,pp103-111,1979
ㄭ⮮⚐ᱜ䋺࿾ᒻ䈫࿾⴫㕙ᕈ⾰䈏ᄛ㑆䈱ᢳ㕙㘑䊶ጊ㘑䊶⋆࿾ᄢ᳇䈱಄ළ䈮෸䈿䈜ലᨐ(1)䇮ᄤ᳇䇮Vol.31䋬No.10䋬pp.625-632䋬19843)

᳇⽎䈱ㄉౖ䋺ᐔಠ␠䇮pp.265䋬19994)

␠࿅ᴺੱㄘᬺ᳓೑ታ⠌䉧䉟䊄✬㓸ᆔຬળ䋺ታ㛎ታ⠌䉲䊥䊷䉵 No.2
ㄘᬺ᳓೑ቇታ⠌䉧䉟䊄䇮pp.58-59䋬19925)

␠࿅ᴺੱㄘ᧛Ṫ᧛ᢥൻදળ䋺ട㒰ᑼㄘᬺᛛⴚᄢ♽ ᨐ᮸✬ 4 䊅䉲 ⷏ᵗ䊅䉲 ၮ␆✬䇮19936)⠀↢ኼ㇢䇮ਛᎹⴕᄦ䇮ጊᧄ⦟ਃ䇮ဈ਄㩷 ീ䇮⍫็ਁኼ䇮ၴ⣶㩷 ⚐䋺ㄘᬺ᳇⽎ቇ䇮ᢥ᳗ၴ䇮pp.118-158䋬19787)

␠࿅ᴺੱㄘ᧛Ṫ᧛ᢥൻදળ䋺ട㒰ᑼㄘᬺᛛⴚᄢ♽ ᨐ᮸✬ 4 䊅䉲 ⷏ᵗ䊅䉲 ၮ␆ᛛⴚ✬䇮19978)

␠࿅ᴺੱㄘ᧛Ṫ᧛ᢥൻදળ䋺ട㒰ᑼㄘᬺᛛⴚᄢ♽ ᨐ᮸✬ 5 䉪䊥䉟䉼䉳䉪 䉪䊦䊚 䉨䉡䉟 ၮ␆ᛛⴚ✬䇮19909)

␠࿅ᴺੱㄘ᧛Ṫ᧛ᢥൻදળ䋺ട㒰ᑼㄘᬺᛛⴚᄢ♽ ᨐ᮸✬ 5 䉪䊥䉟䉼䉳䉪 䉪䊦䊚 䉨䉡䉟 ♖ㄘኅ䈱䉟䉼䉳䉪ᩱၭᛛⴚ䇮ජ⪲䊶ጟ↰ 5䇮1983㪐㪋㩷