The Trajectory of Kamaishi's Reconstruction

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡
The Trajectory of Kamaishi's Reconstruction

Reconstruction is challenging work. To make it successs,
it is necessary to maintain warm consideration for the disaster victims' feelings;
but in some cases, taking hardheaded measures is also required to support the future progressof the community.
Immediately after a disaster, despite the very limited resources available for recovery work,
people are compelled to respond to a variety of critical situations in a very limited time.
As a result, the taking of careful measures, which is essential to improve the quality of thereconstruction environment, is often left behind, and the ideal goal for better reconstruction,“Build Back Better,” ends up as a mere slogan.
Despite this unavoidable reality, we have achieved part of this aim.
This booklet is a record of the reconstruction of Kamaishi City, a municipality that was damagedby the Great East Japan Earthquake but has aimed to achieve the aims of “Build Back Better”
by applying imagination and ingenuity to confront and surmount the considerable difficulties wehave faced.

東日本大震災からの復興
Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake

Reconstruction Projects in Kamaishi City

Reconstruction of Housing in Kamaishi City

12

16

26

学校の復興

32

中心市街地の再興

38

惨禍の伝承と復興48

復興タイムライン

58

School Reconstruction Projects

Reconstruction of The City Center

Educating future generations
about the Trajectory and the Reconstruction

Reconstruction Timeline

釜石復興の軌跡01

挨拶

Yamada Town

Greeting

Otsuchi Town

Otuchi Bay

Tono City

岩手県釜石市 市長

Unosumai

野田武則

Takenori Noda, Mayor of Kamaishi City, Iwate Prefecture釡石石

Ryoishi Bay

Kamaishi City

小

Tobu

釡石

KosanoKamaishi Bay

Matsukura
Heita

Eight years have elapsed since the Great East Japan Earthquake struck on
March 11, 2011.
The year 2020 will be the final year of the Kamaishi City Reconstruction Basic

小白浜

Sumita Town

Plan. Although the infrastructure for daily living is almost completely rebuilt, we

Kojirahama

have much more to do to help the disaster victims fully recover. To be a world-

唐丹

Toni Bayclass reconstructed city, we have implemented safe and secure town planning,which includes both structural and non-structural measures, a range of measuresfor verification from a variety of perspectives, and will hand down what wehave learned to future generations to prevent a repeat of the Great East Japan
Earthquake tragedy.

Ofunato City

Our city and other disaster-stricken municipalities have been able to come0

©Google Earth10( m)

this far thanks to the support of many people from all over Japan and around theworld.
The SDF (Self-Defense Forces), the fire brigade, the police force, the medical
support team, and other relevant organizations were engaged in a multiplicity
of initial emergency responses. Many local governments around the country
dispatched their staff to assist with the setting up of evacuation centers

Russiaimmediately after the disaster as well as to support the reconstruction work that
followed. Other private organizations also volunteered at evacuation centers andtemporary housing projects.
We wish to express our gratitude to all those who supported the recovery
and reconstruction of Our City. We present this booklet as a record of the中reconstruction to date.

China

There are still some shortcomings in this edition, but we would appreciate yourJapan sea

giving us any helpful suggestions you might have.
September 2019
Iwate Prefecture

Korea

(

Epicenter釡石0)Kamaishi City

Sendai

Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean

TaiwanPhilippines©Google Earth0

釜石復興の軌跡

Tokyo©Google Earth

釜石復興の軌跡0釜石市と復興

Kamaishi City and its Reconstruction

1

4

1

0

製鐵の歴史
20000

の歴史
0000

40000

0000

の歴史

(

)

Construction of government-owned steelworks started

釜石市

Start of operations at government-owned steelworks

Kamaishi City is located on the Pacific coast in the southeastern part of Iwate
Prefecture. This area originally flourished due to its fishing industry. It has theadvantages of a good port brought by the ria geology of the coast and plentiful1釡石Kamaishi City

釡石釡石

Opening of Kamaishi Railway

1

0

3

Abolition of government-owned steel works

Establishment of Minami-Hei Kamaishi Town

1

Meiji Sanriku Earthquake

catches from the Sanriku fishing ground. In the middle of the 19th century, Takato
Oshima, a feudal retainer of the Morioka Domain, succeeded in building the first
Western-style blast furnace at Kamaishi to produce high quality pig iron fromlocally-mined iron ore. He is called “the father of Japan’s modern steel industry.”

1 24

After the establishment of Japan’s first government-managed steelworks, the釡石Establishment of Kamaishi Mining Co., Ltd.

area was developed as a city centered on the steel industry. Its population
exceeded 90,000 in the 1980s. The core company at that time was Kamaishi SteelWorks, part of Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. (present Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Kamaishi

1 33

Steel Works). The company owned a formidable professional rugby team, which
achieved a record-breaking seven straight victories at the All-Japan Rugby
Football Championship, making Kamaishi a household name throughout thecountry. However, due to changes in Japan’s industrial structure, the region faced

Showa Sanriku Earthquake

1 34

釡石

Nippon Steel Corporation established Kamaishi Works.

釡石severe economic difficulties, and the population has since declined to its present

1 3

Establish Kamaishi Rugby Club

Start of city organization

number of about 33,000. With the opening of the Sen-nin Toge Road in 2007,
access to the city from other regions has been significantly improved, though, andthere are new hopes for revitalization of the local economy.
Kamaishi City has not only a past history of catastrophic damage by several
tsunamis but was also flattened by Allied Forces naval gunfire at the end of theSecond World War. In spite of these setbacks, the city was reconstructed on
all these occasions thanks to the local people’s untiring efforts. Kamaishi has arepeatedly justified reputation for its indomitable spirit.

釜石市と東日本大震災

1 4

10

Reconstruction of the No. 10 blast furnace

1 50

釡石

Become the Kamaishi Works of Fuji Steel Corporation

1 52

Tokachi earthquake

Kamaishi City and The Great East Japan Earthquake
After the Great East Japan Earthquake struck, there were a great number

1of conflicting opinions on how to respond. Many people argued that the city’s

1 5

0

Peace City Declaration

Chilean earthquake

functional center should be relocated to the western area of the inland region,

Tokachi earthquake

1

0

釡石

Become Nippon Steel Corporation Kamaishi Works

institutional and technical inspections. The city was also quick to hold workshopswith residents and carefully explored their intentions. In the end, the city decided
area, which had been the city’s historic center, such that the residents would be
happy to return.

5

1

City government immediately after the disaster, consisting mainly of architectural

to take the course of action of reconstructing a quality environment in the Tobu

1-

center until the disaster. The city established a reconstruction project team in thereconstruction multilaterally, by inviting experts and conducting a long series of2

Declaration of Safe City

rather than reconstructing it in the Tobu (Eastern) area, the location of the cityand civil engineering professionals. They examined the possibilities for the city’s

1

1

1

Nippon Steel's rugby union first title

1

Citizen Charter established浜Hamacho: The largest fire since the end of World War II

5

Nippon Steel Rugby Club V7

1

1

First blast furnace shutdown

1

中Dismantling of the Blast Furnace

2003

Sanriku south earthquake

200

150

150 years since the birth of modern ironmaking

2011
2015

The Great East Japan Earthquake

Hashino Blast Furnace is registered as a World Heritage Site.

201

釡石

Opening of Kamaishi Expressway

0

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡05

釜石市と災害

Kamaishi City and Past Disasters
釜石と津波

Kamaishi and Tsunamis
釡石

釡石
石

Kamaishi, which is located on the coast, has lived with a history of disasters broughtby the sea. Along a ria coast like that of Kamaishi, once a tsunami hits, its height tends

唐丹

to build because the inner parts the bays are narrow, so they trap and lift the surge of

小白浜

seawater. Over the past 100 years, disasters that caused significant damage were the

5 53m

0m

5 0m

50m

10 54m13 00m

5 0m

50m

0m

40m

13 20m15 10m

10 3m

13 50mGreat East Japan Earthquake and three major tsunamis: the Meiji Sanriku Tsunami(1896), the Showa Sanriku Tsunami (1933), and the Chile Earthquake Tsunami (1960).
The war damage caused by naval bombardment in 1945 should also not be forgotten.

明治三陸沖地震

The Meiji Sanriku Earthquake〈釜石艦砲射撃〉

Naval Bombardments of Kamaishi during WWII
During WWII, Kamaishi, where iron ore was produced, became increasingly
important as a base for military production. Kamaishi was made a target for attackby the Allied forces, and was the only mainland target to be subjected to naval
bombardment.
On July 14, 1945, under the command of the 34.8.1 task force, the battleships South
Dakota, Indiana, Massachusetts, the heavy cruiser Quincy, and the Chicago,

On June 15, 1896, an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 8.2 occurred toopened their naval bombardment of the Kamaishi Works and part of the Minato

the east of present-day Kamaishi City. A part of the ocean floor, 50 km wide and 210

area. It lasted from 12:10 to 14:10, with as many as 2,565 rounds being fired.

km long, shifted slowly over several minutes without releasing any major tremors.

Artillery strafing by aircraft carrier-based fighter planes occurred the next day.

About 30 minutes after the earthquake, a massive tsunami hit the coastal area. The

The steel works, the Suzuko and Tadagoe district, and the Ureishi-Matsubara

maximum runup height of 38.2 m was recorded near Ayasato village, Kesen-gun,district were severely damaged. Of the citizens who evacuated to air-raid shelters,

Iwate Prefecture (present Manriku-cho, Ofunato City), which at the time represented

a number were killed or injured by shrapnel fragments, the blasts, or by being

the largest tsunami disaster in history. In Kamaishi City, a maximum runup height ofcrushed to death by the collapse of their shelter. A fire caused by naval gunfire also15.1 m was recorded (at Kojirahama, Toni Bay), and 6,687 people, of a population ofburned down the town, leaving a scene of devastation. The second round of naval

12,489, died. Moreover, most fishing boats and fishing gear were washed away, forcing

gunfire began on 12:47 on August 9, just 1.5 hours after the Nagasaki atomic bomb

fishermen to close their businesses and exposing them to severe financial difficulties.

昭和三陸沖地震

The Showa Sanriku Earthquake

チリ地震

The Chile Earthquake

had been dropped. The attack by 17 American warships and another five British
and New Zealand warships was so intense that the American battleships alone
fired as many as 2,781 shells. The steelworks was attacked again, and company
housing complexes in Nakazuma, Kogawa and Kosano were also targeted. In
the urban area, the Owatari and Higashimae areas were incinerated, killing 773
residents. (Source: Kamaishi Naval Bombardment Damages Publications). The
Kamaishi City War Damages Museum was opened on August 9, 2010, but it closed
only after 7 months because many documents were washed away by the Great
East Japan Earthquake tsunami. The remaining materials are now on display at the
local museum.

Tsunami disasters caused by earthquakes, such as the 1952 Tokachi-oki
earthquake and tsunami, the 1960 Chile earthquake and tsunami, and the 1968
1419 Ceased Firing

Japan’s Pacific coast about 22 hours after the earthquake itself, killing 142 people

this area, they planted 2,800 blossoming cherry trees along the tsunami inundation line

12 41249 Commence Firing

to mark how high the water rose, and to promote disaster prevention awareness to future
generations. The row of cherry trees still stands.

0

釜石復興の軌跡

唐丹
Toni

14 45

1445 Ceased Firing

nt
me
Bo

1

1st

of

Iron WorksCh
art

Toni-cho (now merged with Kamaishi City) was badly damaged, with 818 people killed. In

mb2

Ryori Village and 11.8 m in Kamaishi City. Six tsunami waves reached the coast, leaving 164
people dead and 240 missing out of the then population of 31,637. Neighboring Hongo, inard

Downtown

worse damage than the earthquake. The maximum tsunami run-up height was 28.7 m inTra
ckaround the country. Fortunately, no deaths occurred in Kamaishi City at that time.

1210 Commence Firingof 2nd Bom

The normal fault-type Showa Sanriku Earthquake, with a magnitude of 8.1, occurred on
March 3, 1933. A seismic intensity of 5 was recorded along the coast. The tsunami caused

14 1

bardment

mainly to fisheries. The tsunami caused by the 1960 Chile earthquake (M 8.5) hit

12 10

UnosumaiTrack Chart

Tokachi-oki earthquake and tsunami, inflicted severe damage on coastal areas,

5 m

釜石復興の軌跡0釜石市の被害

Damage within Kamaishi City

①
①

甚大な被害

Extensive Damage
The Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011, was a
massive seismic event whose epicenter was about 130 km east-southeast of Ojika
Peninsula off the Sanriku coast, with a magnitude of 9.0 and a maximum seismic
intensity of 7. Seismic intensity in Kamaishi was recorded as 6 at Nakazumacho. In the city, the tsunami run-up height was T.P. (Tokyo Peil, the mean sea
level of Tokyo Bay) +19.3 m in Ryoishi Bay, T.P. + 15.4 m in Otsuchi Bay. The
maximum tsunami run-up height in the area was T.P. + 32.87 m in Ryoishi Bay. The
earthquake and tsunami claimed the lives of 1,064 people (including 152 missing
and 106 registered as related deaths). 4,704 out of 16,182 homes were damaged

2011.03.11(2,957 completely destroyed, 395 partially [40 - 50 %] destroyed, 304 partially[20 - 40 %] destroyed, and 1,048 significantly damaged). 57.7% of offices weredamaged by inundation. The Tobu Area and the Unosumai area were particularly
severely damaged, with the Unosumai area suffering the highest number of deaths
among nearby areas.

0

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡0各地区の被害

Damage in Each Area
鵜住居地域

The Unosumai Area

被災

者数

平田地域

6,971
4,856
8,308
6,014
6,630
1,263
3,848
2,106
39,996

居The Heita Area

数228
17 1007 301
大槌2
0 28川 1662
0 23 197
2
0 13 147
122小 1516 153
98
鎚
3 川 0
0
3
2 180 88 150
2 254 9359
152 2957 699 1,048

176
35
40
22
627
13
121
30
1,064

船越湾

駅

駅

線
山田
JR

線

45号

国道

駅

浜
鵜住
The Unosumai area includes Unosumai-cho in the inner part of Otsuchi Bay and

The coastal area along Kamaishi Bay, south of Kamazaki, is called the Heita

Ryoishi-cho in the inner part of Ryoishi Bay, and includes the communities on the

Area. It consists of the Heita area along the inner part of Heita Bay, an inner bay

Hakozaki Peninsula, which is located between the two bays. It occupies the northwithin Kamaishi Bay, and the Ozaki-Shirahama and Sasu areas, located at theend of the coastal area of Kamaishi City bordering on Otsuchi Town. At the timebase of the Ozaki Peninsula on the south side of Kamaishi Bay. National Highwayof the disaster, the tsunami swept up the Unosumai-gawa River in Unosumai-cho

45, which connects the coastal area from north to south, as well as the Sanriku

and the Mizuumi-gawa River in Ryoishi-cho and flooded into residential areas. Of

Railway Rias Line’s Heita Station, now provide links between the communities in

6,630 people in 2,657 households, 580 people were killed or went missing. The

the area. Their convenience brought a rapid increase in the population after thedeath rate of the whole area was 8.75%, the highest in the city. The damage waswar. At the time of the disaster, there were 3,848 residents in 1,539 households,

especially serious in the Hakozaki-Shirahama area (10.85%), the Murohama areaand 24 people were killed or went missing. The death rate in this area was 0.62%.

(10.66%) and the Unosumai area (10.02%).

川
長内

釜石市

川
川
小

釡石

線

小

southern tip of Kamaishi City, adjacent to the former Sanriku-cho area in Ofunatoin the past had a prosperous fishing industry, the newly-developed urban area

City, and belonged to the former Sendai Domain until the mid-19th century. The

with offices, commercial buildings and the City Hall. It is adjacent to the former

main residential areas are the low area in the inner part of the bay into which thefishing villages of Matsubara, Ureishi, and Odaira, now hilly residential areas.

Katagishi Yamato Kumano-gawa River flows and the area along the Toni Bay,

Before the disaster, the population stood at 6,971 in 3,336 households, about half

which prospered for a long time from the flourishing fishing industry. Even today,of which were concentrated in urban areas. Of the 229 victims dead or missing,its main industry is fishing. When the disaster struck, the tsunami surged up

about 140 were found in the coastal area, or the Matsubara, Ureishi or Odaira

the rivers and reached far into low-lying inland areas, which caused damage far

districts, whose mortality rate was 3.29%. Mortality rates were especially high ininland. Of the 2,106 residents in 805 households, 21 were killed or are missing. The

Shinhama-cho (6.82%) and Ureishi-cho (5.26%).

death rate in the area was 1.0%.

浜

両石湾

釡石小学校

This area is the center of the city, and comprises the coastal old urban area which

白浜

石駅

文

The area along the coast of Toni Bay is called the Toni area. It consists of the

中学校
小学校

浜

石

The Toni Area

The coastal area along Kamaishi Bay north of Kamasaki is called the Tobu Area.

大槌湾

文

駅

川
海

The Tobu Area

唐丹地域

釡石

水

東部地域

居川

駅

駅

JR釜石

小

釡石
小

文

釡石駅

釡石

釡石

釡石中学校

釡石

石

・

釜石湾

甲子川
駅

三
陸
鉄
道
南
リ
ア
ス
線

白浜

片岸
川

唐丹

・
唐丹駅

熊野川

小白浜

唐丹湾

石

10

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡11

東日本大震災からの復興
Recovery from the Great Earthquake

東日本大震災からの復興

Recovery from Great East Japan Earthquake

東部地区の復興

The Characteristics of the Tobu Area Reconstruction
多重防御で嵩上げの無い安全で回遊できる街の復興

Town Reconstruction by Multiple Defenses without Elevation

釜石市の復興の特徴

etc., should be interpreted with flexibility. Not just the newly developed L1 seawall,

The Characteristics of Kamaishi City's Reconstruction

but also facades such as bay mouth breakwaters and green mounds should beincorporated into the disaster prevention assessment to minimize the estimatedinundation height.

地区の特色を生かした復興まちづくりへの挑戦(2)Evacuation routes to the mountains should be actively developed, and theyshould be organically linked to the normal flow of traffic. Vacant land should be
modified to maximize its wave-protective function. These measures will improvedisaster prevention in the city.
(3)Different levels of disaster risk areas should be established to enable
reconstruction while people continue to live in the area. For example, rules should
be made for not using the ground floor for residential purposes, or mandating theraising of the base above a predetermined height. As a result, there will be a way
to construct public housing with the ground floor used for commercial purposesor as warehouses, or to reconstruct buildings while people remain in residence.
(4)Utilizing the newly established tsunami base project, public housing should
be built in the center of the city, and a collection of public facilities should be
developed to draw people from large commercial facilities into the city.
5 Aiming to make the town compact, safe and comfortable to live in, some of the
major public housing for disaster victims should be of the living access type, with

The Challenge of Town Reconstruction Utilizing
the Characteristics of each Area
The Challenge of Town Reconstruction Utilizing the Characteristics of each Area

structures that allow neighbors to look out for each other.

©Google Earth

東部地区

will take them on board and apply rational judgments with a view to the future. We
will gather information and make our own independent judgments.

The reconstruction methodology of Kamaishi is unique to each area. It is also

・Instead of imposing a uniform reconstruction of the city, the city will develop

different from other disaster-stricken areas’ methodology. For example, we area reconstruction policy that takes into account regional characteristics, such as

setting up collaborative projects between civil engineers and architects. Our ideas

geographical features, the history of the area and the wishes of its residents.

can be summarized in the following three points.

・To realize scientific, creative and fruitful reconstruction, we will collaborate withreconstruction of the Tobu area was to maintain the city’s sustainability by notleading experts and develop close ties with local communities.

allowing the core functions of the city’s economic activities to stagnate. In other・We will not rigidly adopt the national or prefectural government’s policies, but

Kamaishi City initially confirmed that the most important issue in theのwords, while ensuring the safety of citizens against tsunami and maintaining the嬉石

attractiveness of the city, rapid reconstruction and how to organize it was the most・釜石市の復興 ( 東部地区 )の松原

critical issue and therefore the key to the reconstruction of Kamaishi City. The
aim of safe and fast reconstruction without elevation can be summarized in the

場のfollowing five points.
(1)Tsunami simulation, which is the basis for the judgment of disaster risk areas,

1

1

2

( )

©Google Earth2
3

・嵩上げによる復興 ( 高田地区 ( 陸前高田市 ) 他 )

1号

1号

45号

1

釡石

釡石

・内陸移転による復興 ( 玉浦西地区 ( 岩沼市 ) 他 )1

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡1

東日本大震災からの復興
Recovery from the Great Earthquake

小白浜地区の復興

鵜住居地区の復興

The Characteristics of the Revival of the Kojirahama Area

Reconstruction of the Unosumai Area
平地と山を結ぶ避難路と連携した街の復興

Reconstruction of the City in Cooperation with Evacuation Routes Connecting Flatlands and Mountains

もとの集落の構造を再生するコンパクトな復興

Reconstruction of a Compact Community by Restoring the Original Village Structure(2)Recognize the main street, that has a long history as being a center of local
communities, as the core of the town, and promote public reconstruction projects
at both ends of the street to restore local characteristics.
(3)In the sea-facing area, develop a community center for residents in communityfriendly public housing for post-disaster reconstruction. The center should be(

attached to an existing private commercial facility to maintain the community’s)

continuity. During the process, the possibility of using old warehouses on the site
was sought, but the idea was turned down due to the lack of funds within thereconstruction grants framework.
(4)In the mountains, reconstruct a school which incorporates other elementary
schools that were damaged in other areas and will act as both an elementary anda junior high school. Although the site is mountainous and cramped, revitalize
attractive school spaces by combining architectural and civil engineering
technologies to make the most of the slopes.

Being located on a large area of low-lying land, the Unosumai area suffered themost damage in the city. The area is well known for the “Tragedy of Unosumai,”and its people have been extremely active in disaster management education. The
features of the reconstruction of Unosumai are summarized in the following five
points.
の(1)L1 coastal levees and floodgates to be elevated, to secure residential areas

いthrough small-scale elevation.
(2)To ensure the safety of residents at the time of L2 type disasters, a school ona hill in the center of the area will be restored. The school will also serve as acommunity evacuation site.
(3)Civil and architectural engineering will be blended to realize a safe andattractive school environment.
(4)In restoring the station, we will build a memorial park, a memorial museum, a
潮commercial communications center, and a gymnasium on the former site of theのDisaster Prevention Center, where many people met their death in the disaster.
(5)We will build an environment-friendly stadium on the former site of a school

水©Google Earthのand connect the stadium and the newly constructed school by landscaping. This( )area will act as a new city axis that will serve as an evacuation route in the eventof disasters.

This area belongs to former Toni village and consists of several fishingmoving the community inland to avoid the need to build sea walls, and Hongo,
where new public housing was developed in a way that coexists with an importantのEarthquake and the resultant tsunami in 1933. The features of the reconstructionof Kojirahama, the regional hub of the Toni area, can be summarized in thefollowing four points.
(1)Recognize that low-lying areas cannot be guaranteed as safe, even if they wereresidential areas at the time of the disaster, and actively register such low-lying
areas as at risk of disasters to encourage relocation.

小学校 中学校

釡石©Google Earth

( )

館

い

5

小

釜石復興の軌跡のcherry trees marks the farthest reach of the damage caused by the Showa Sanriku

津波

1

潮

row of cherry trees to become the center of the town once again. The row of

釡石

の

の

communities. These include Kerobe, where rapid restoration was achieved by

1

館

小

2

設

釜石復興の軌跡

15

部
地
区

2

釜石市の復興事業

2011.03.11

2

釜石市の復興Reconstruction Projects In Kamaishi

Reconstruction Projects in Kamaishi City

復興の道のりThe Road to Reconstruction
撓まず屈せずNever give up

東日本大震災の発生と避難～ 2011.3

Occurrence of The Great East Japan Earthquake and Evacuation

Eight years have elapsed since the Great East Japan Earthquake struck at
14:46:18 on March 11, 2011. Since then, a number of projects have been carried out

2011.3.13

2011.8.6

in Kamaishi City. The process of reconstruction to date can be better appreciatedby reviewing the situation and projects in chronological order as described below.

2018.8.16

12

2018.12.8
2011.6.13
2014.2

2019.3.11

復興後期

Late Stage of Reconstruction

復興前期

2018.8.16

In Kamaishi City, we are working on reconstruction with the aim of creatinga town that contributes to the next generation rather than simply rewinding theclock to a time before the earthquake, by collaborating in or collaterally promoting
multiple projects.

1

釜石復興の軌跡

Early Stage of Reconstruction

At an intensive workshop on Town Reconstruction in June, 2011, the principleof community planning, in which the Tobu area was made the center of thecommunity, was shared by all the communities. This workshop supported thelaunch of many distinctive projects, such as the “Kamaishi Future Town Project.”

釜石復興の軌跡1釜石市の復興

Reconstruction Projects In Kamaishi

避難所から応急仮設住宅へ

災害時緊急対応から復旧へ

From Shelters to Temporary Housing

From Disaster Emergency Response to Recovery

All evacuation centers were closed on August 10, 2011, 5 months after thedisaster. Evacuees moved to “designated temporary housing” and temporary
housing. The city has built 3,164 temporary housing units. In addition, 3 municipal
housing units, 33 prefectural housing units, 223 employment promotion housing

災害時緊急対応
Disaster Emergency Responseunits, and 432 private rental housing units have been certified as “designatedtemporary housing,” which comprise existing housing designated as temporary
housing. A total of 3,855 units were thus secured. Construction of temporary
housing by the city government was promoted according to the following 3

・警報と避難principles.
・No building on school grounds so as not to impede children’s education or
activities.
・Community cohesion must be promoted to be able to share decision-making
about reconstruction and to support the vulnerable.
・Living convenience must be taken into consideration such that the moved
population is not exhausted by prolonged living as evacuees.

コミュニティに配慮した応急仮設住宅

Community-Friendly Temporary Housing

Warning and Evacuation

announced that citizens should evacuate to a designated emergency evacuation site,

The earliest move into Heita’s temporary housing started in August 2011,

such as high ground, and then move to an evacuation center if a longer stay is needed.

after city officials had negotiated the use of the land with its corporate owners.

However, the sudden occurrence of the disaster caused a high level of confusion.

City at 14:49 on March 11, 2011. The city’s disaster response headquarters issued

Because this temporary housing complex is on a relatively large scale of 240 units,

Although it was a serious situation in which quick judgment could determine life or

evacuation orders to 14,710 people in 6,354 households in coastal areas, and broadcast

it was decided to experimentally develop community-friendly housing with thedeath, many people evacuated to high ground and survived.

support of experts. This temporary housing, designed by the University of Tokyo’s

On the day of the disaster, the first “major tsunami warning” was issued to Kamaishi

through disaster prevention administrative radio 17 times. The city had previously

・傷病者への対応

Otsuki Laboratory, was well liked by residents, who appreciated the canopy
deck connecting the community center and the care zone where the vulnerable

Response to the Needs of the Sick and Injured

were mainly living. The “Home-For-All” building, designed by the architect Riken

Many medical institutions in the city were affected by the disaster, and many medical-

Yamamoto, also incorporated designs to minimize the problems that might arise inrelated problems arose, including treating sick and injured people and caring for chronicallytemporary housing. Along with the completion of new public housing and housing

ill patients. In the early stages, the DMAT (Disaster Medical Assistance Team), which wascomplexes as part of the reconstruction, temporary housing has been graduallyorganized in response to the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995, was dispatched. In the

reduced. As of July 2019, only 150 temporary housing units are left, with all of themmid to long term, disaster relief medical teams from the Japanese Red Cross Society, the Self-scheduled to be closed by the end of FY 2019.

Defense Forces and prefectural medical associations were dispatched to the city. Initially, there
was no framework for sharing information between local governments and medical teams,
and sometimes there were too many medical teams at one site while others site lacked them.
Prompted by the Kamaishi Medical Association, each medical team was then coordinatedCommunity Friendly Wood Deckby Kamaishi City Disaster Response Headquarters. In this way, a disaster medical response
framework with systematic information sharing, role-sharing, coordination, and drug provisionfrom the Kamaishi Pharmacist Association was built.

・ご遺体への対応

Care of the Dead
Immediately after the disaster, the Self-Defense Forces and the Hyogo Prefectural
Police rushed to the city and made efforts to search for the bodies of victims as wellas to maintain public order. Many bodies were found as a result. Kamaishi City set
up four morgues in the city, and, thanks to the efforts of many people, including city
employees, the Self-Defense Forces, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism, Iwate Prefecture, police officers from all over Japan, medical associations,dental associations, private funeral service providers, the Kamaishi City Fire Brigade,and citizen volunteers, they were able to be accommodated, examined, identified,given benediction, handed over to the bereaved families, and cremated. The situationin Kamaishi where city officials and volunteers worked hard to recover victims’ bodies

14

4

from cars, where victims were killed during escaping from the tsunami, was recorded
in detail in “Corpse,” by Kota Ishii. The book is valuable as a record of bodies’ recovery
work that is little known due to the confusion that surrounded the disaster.

・避難所の開設と運営

Establishment and Operationof Evacuation Cneters

14

4

02

School were opened to the public as evacuation centers on March 11, allowing

浜・

1
03
14

52

Many houses were washed away by the disaster, leaving numerous residents

homeless. In response, the City Hall and the former Kamaishi Dai-ichi Junior High

00

15

04

31

20
釡石
30
釡石

館

temporary accommodation not only for evacuees but also for those unable to returnto their homes. However, these were emergency measures, and the capacity ofthe shelters was far below what was needed. So, on the following day, additional
evacuation centers were opened in the western area, and the government started totransfer evacuees to the western-area evacuation centers. Although there was some
confusion associated with the setting up and operation of evacuation centers, most of

釡石
1

中学校

1号

00

it was solved by the active support of local communities. Close cooperation between
the disaster-stricken areas and the unaffected backlands was also a result of disasterprevention programs that had been in place before the disaster.

1

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡1釜石市の復興

Reconstruction Projects In Kamaishi

住民と行政の協働

Cooperation between Residents and the Government

学校

SchoolKuribayashi

Unosumai

迅速な住民 WS による提案づくり

市民主体の組織設置
between residents and city officials, a sense grew in each region of ‘being in thesame boat,’ and reconstruction plans were eventually formulated. In large areas

市街地

Urban Areasuch as the Tobu Area and Unosumai area, there were many participants andtherefore many opinions, but both sides worked conscientiously and patiently to

市庁舎
Town Hall

Seibu

Suzukoshare their opinions. The establishment of resident-led organizations has led to a

Tobu

strong regional flavor being seen in each reconstruction, which differs from area
to area.

唐丹
Toni©Google EarthEstablishment of a Civil Organization
To be able to formulate a reconstruction plan led by the residents, city officials held
individual Town Reconstruction Meetings for all of the 21 areas in the city, starting
immediately after the disaster. These later took the form of Town Reconstruction
Council and Landowners’ Liaison Councils, and the regular sharing and discussionof reconstruction propositions continued.
Immediately post-disaster, there were many strongly held opinions, and in somecases it was impossible to reach an agreement. However, through compromise

庁内における機動的な組織づくり
On October 1, 2011, the Leading Projects Promotion Office of the Reconstruction
Promotion Headquarters was established to carry out projects to head

Quickly Creating Proposals Using Resident Workshop

reconstruction, including the Front Project (FP). Initially, there were only two
personnel in the office, but they contributed to the efficient progress of projects by

The critical question immediately after the earthquake was the choice of theadvancing land acquisition in parallel with planning.

course of action for the reconstruction. More specifically, whether to proceedwith the reconstruction of the heavily damaged Tobu area as the city center
again, or to relocate the city’s working center to the western area of the inland
region. To confirm the wishes of the residents, the city conducted two workshops
in cooperation with Toyo Ito, Yasuaki Onoda, and Arata Endo, the advisors to
the city’s reconstruction project team, who later became the directors of thereconstruction project. The first workshop was named the “MazuYappeshi

Mayor
Reconstruction Promotion
Headquarters

Kamaishi Workshop,” held on May 4, 2011, in the Tobu area that had been flooded.
The second one was the “Intensive Workshop on Reconstruction of Towns andCommunities,” held in the joint government buildings in the western area from1

311 - 13 June 2011. The former workshop was held in a location still in chaos after
the disaster, with broken glass lying around and collapsed ceilings. In spite of the(11

Reconstruction Advisor

disagreeable conditions, it was a valuable opportunity for the city to exchange

Reconstruction Project Team

opinions directly with residents in open session. Numerous participants attended
the latter, where the residents made known their wish to rebuild the Tobu area as
an attractive place to live. Reconstruction plans for the Tobu area, Unosumai area,
and Toni area were formulated based on these types of dialogues and discussions
with the relevant parties and experts. Thanks to practical discussions between
experts and residents about the possibilities for reconstruction in advance
while considering the victims’ feelings, the city was able to incorporate the mainelements of the residents’ wishes in the reconstruction plan in a constructive way.
Officials of the local government traveled to each settlement in the peninsula tosolicit residents’ opinions. The first round of the Town Reconstruction Meetings
was started on May 12, 2011, aiming at consensus-building among the residents. In
some areas such as Kerobe, the contribution of local leaders led to the attainmentof an early agreement.
Since then, people have been spending significant energy on consensusbuilding, by holding meetings regularly, including Town Reconstruction Meetings
and their successor, the Town Reconstruction Council, and the landowners’ liaisoncouncils. These initial activities had a positive impact on early planning and land0

acquisition.
釜石復興の軌跡

Development of a Flexible Organization within the Agency
The city carried out numerous projects in parallel to creatively promotereconstruction, but the lack of manpower and business expertise among the staff
involved became a concern. To counter this shortfall, by the end of FY 2018 a totalof 771 personnel from 73 organizations, including local governments within andoutside the prefecture, were dispatched to support a variety of administrative
projects, including reconstruction projects.

Support Sta

was severely damaged and many local governments were busy dealing with the

Leading Business
Promotion O ice

Waste Management O ice

5

3

Reconstruction Housing
Development O ice

Temporary Housing
Operation Center)

Site Control Room

victims and assisting with recovery. On March 24, 2011, a reconstruction project
civil engineering. From this stage, academic experts and private-sector engineers4(15

development through reconstruction immediately after the disaster, when the city

team was established, voluntarily led by city staff specialized in architecture and224Kamaishi City had already foreseen the need for town and community()

Urban Development
Promotion O ice

4
Corporate Location
Promotion Headquarters

Local Government Personnel

were invited to contribute their specialized expertise.
釜石復興の軌跡1

EE

釜石市の復興

E

E

C2
C1

C2
C1

Reconstruction Projects In Kamaishi

B

B

B

B

A

専門家を交えた計画検討

F

G

F
D

E

G

D
F

G

A

A

G

C2

C2

C1
C1
B
B

E

B

B

A
A

Review with Experts

A

E

C2
F

F

10m

G

A

A

G

C2
C1
B

B

C1

路

防災広場

E

C2

コ
ミュ
ニ
ティ
道

A

C1
B

仙寿院

専門家による様々な検討

B

C2

became the secretariat of the Reconstruction Director System.

F

E

F

C1

仮設店舗

The ideas proposed by community workshops, such as green mounds, schools

G
B

A

B

G

B

C2
C1
B

utilizing sloping land, and community-friendly public housing for disaster victims,

B

幼稚園
D

D

D

were closely examined by volunteer members of Toyo Ito & Associates, Architects,
Tohoku University, Kogakuin University, civil engineering consultants, and the city

8m

4000

5500

1500

project team in a short period from late 2011 to the beginning of 2012. The merits

5500

5500
2000

2400

宝樹寺

0

and demerits of each site proposed for the Unosumai school relocation were

ゆるやかな
階段

discussed and informed to the residents at these meetings. Dedicated examinationof this type by experts from various specializations was crucial to realizing the

旧市庁舎群はホテル等として活用を検討

第二庁舎

principle of community planning shared in the initial workshop.

1Fを駐車場とした人工地盤で市庁舎・議会までつながる。屋根の上は市民広場にもなる。

現市役所

P
廃道にして
駐車場にする

既存
1200 道路
0

郵便局

人工地盤

大町駐車場
文化施設の交流拠点としての広場

避難道路

P
RF 市民広場
2F 3F 市庁舎 8500㎡
1F 商店街（インフィル）

市庁舎にあがる
エスカレーター

文化広場

浸水範囲

避難ビル

市民文化会館

斜面住宅

防災体験
ミュージアムHosting Planning Experts

P

議会
700㎡

大型店

With its long history of technical exchanges with outside parties such as
government-owned steel mills, Kamaishi City is making good use of outside

銀行

避難ビル

P

開かれた議会として常時使われる。

personnel for reconstruction. The Reconstruction Director System was the

展示ホール前の門前町のように商店が立ち並ぶ

beginning of technical exchanges after the disaster. The Reconstruction Project

H

避難ビル

Team, which was established within the Agency immediately after the disaster,

+3

ビオトープ

桜並木

+4 +5
+6

+7

+8

展示
ホール

+9
+10

学校

(

学

学

)

ローソン

路

裏小

H

プ

ベイ

m

中

屋街

飲み

銀行

+20?

飲み屋街のゴール地点になる。

がれきを利用
したペイブ

ロータリー

近代遺構
メモリアルパーク

街区割を一部変更。海側の街区を小さくし、低層でシースルーの商店が並び、公園とつながる商店街とする。
中央の通りは飲み屋街に。

P

ビジター
センター

半径300m

公園が入りこんだ
展示施設に改修

校

(

)

0

100

駅

中

45 号

残存

商業

既存活用

居住

取り壊し

共同建替

商業軸

観光

居住軸

行政

一中周辺都市計画案

エヌエスオカムラ

S=1:2000

海

200
小
・

・

・

駅

・

・中

・
中

・

・

・
・

・

・

3 5m

・

2 5m

校

・

・

4m

20m

・45 号
・

1 m
・

校
・
校

・

・駅

1 m

・

・

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石市の復興

Reconstruction Projects In Kamaishi

かまいし未来のまちプロジェクト

0号

Kamaishi Future Town (Mirai-no-machi) Projects

釡石
2012

質の高い復興を目指して

No.0
Peninsula Part Disaster Public Housing
Proposal 2012.10.6(4) Creation of a future and hope for children. As a part of the projects to create aquality environment to achieve these goals, the city launched the Kamaishi Future

10

2

4号
小学校・釡石 中学校
2013
12
201
3

No.4
Kamaishi City Unosumai Elementary School, Kamaishi East Junior High School
Proposal 2013.6.12
ECI method Completed in March 2017

Town (Miramachi) Project in October 2012.The plan consists of three pillars: a.
A method of selecting and collaborating with experts who have a sympathetic
attitude and high capabilities for reconstruction; b. A framework for achieving
possibly difficult reconstruction transparently and with trust through cooperation
between the business sector and the government; and c. Building partnershipsthat promote citizens’ active participation through raising awareness of complex
projects. In detail, the measures are as follows.
1. In the design of major buildings in the city, select outstanding designers throughpublic proposals [(a) above];
2. Require the designers to hold workshops to realize thorough dialogue between
designers and residents [(c) above]. In the workshops, the designers should be

2013
201
3

supported by the city; and3. Taking into account the severe situation of rising construction costs, explore

No.5
Omachi 1st Public Housing
Proposal 2013.11
Design build method Completed in 2016.3

flexible ordering methods [(b) above] involving builders, if needed.
The already achieved seven proposal-based constructions are highly regarded,
winning the Good Design Award and attracting many visitors from outside theprefecture.

Aiming for High Quality Reconstruction
The city announced the Kamaishi City Reconstruction Basic Plan in December
2011 and declared the following four goals: (1) Creation of disaster-resistant city
structures, (2) Reconstruction of a living infrastructure to be able to continue to livein the region, (3) Rebuilding of the local economy and overcoming adversity, and〈新しい発注方法〉

1号「釜石復興ビジョン会議」

復興

１．優れた知恵を広く効果的に集めるための専門家選定・協同支援
専門家
建築家
都市計画者
ランドスケープアーキテクト
まちづくりコンサルタント

ディレクター
他

5号
1号
11

釜石市

かまいし
未来のまち
プロジェクト

2012
11
201

２．相互信頼を基に共に目標へ向かうための枠組み支援14

No.1
Tenjin Public Housing
Proposal 2012.11.14
Shift to Design build method Completed in 2016.6

事業者

住民

３．専門家や事業者が丁寧に民意をくみ上げ、計画を展開するパートナーシップの支援

New Ordering System

号
釡石
2014
201

In Kamaishi City, Otsuchi Town, and Yamada Town, construction unit prices
went higher compared to other regions, because they are far from inland

2
12
12

No.6
Kamaishi City Hall TETTO
Proposal 2014.2.12
ECI method Completed in 2017.12

transportation hubs such as Morioka City and Ichinoseki City. This created a gap
between city government estimates and actual market prices. The failure rate ingeneral competitive bidding for construction work in Iwate Prefecture was a very
high 38.5%. In response, the Kamaishi City Government decided to adopt a varietyof ordering methods to cope with soaring construction costs in the disasterstricken areas.
(1)．Shift to a different purchasing method (the design build method)
Bidding for Tenjin Reconstruction Housing, which was the first to be held as partof the “Future Town Project,” was not participated in by any contractors despite
the city’s careful calculations based on detailed design documents and public unit釡石

prices. The contractee and the designers then adjusted the design documents andordering method, and made thee bids between July and December 2013. However,they all failed. Even with a modified design, the resultant increased construction
costs more than counteracted the changes. The city had already offered a trial

3号
唐丹小・中学校
2013
12
201
2

No.3
Kamaishi City Toni Elementary School, Junior High School
Proposal 2013.6.12
ECI method Completed in 2018.2

design build at the Omachi Reconstruction Housing Development (Miramachi
No. 5). So, using its expertise, the city decided to place a design build order while
positioning the existing proposal as a basic plan.
(2)．Adoption of ECI (Early Contractor Involvement)
The situation was similar in other projects. Many housing development projects
were therefore switched to the design build method. The ECI method was adopted

2号

for projects whose basic design and execution design were already in progress.
They included a school reconstruction (No. 3: The Toni Elementary School, and

小白浜
2013
1
2015

No. 4: The Unosumai Elementary School) and construction of a Citizens’ Hall
(No. 6: Kamaishi Civic Hall). With the ECI method, a priority negotiator from theconstruction contractors agreed to participate in the execution design as anadvisor, thereby preventing bid failures in advance.

釜石復興の軌跡©Google Earth

23

No.2
Kojirahama Disaster Reconstruction Public Housing
Proposal 2013.1.23
Shift to Design build method Completed in 2018.2

釜石復興の軌跡5釜石市の住宅再建事業

Reconstruiction of Housing In Kamaishi

釜石市の住宅再建

自力再建と住民意向

Reconstruction of Housing in Kamaishi City

Self-help Reconstruction and Residents' Wishes
There are two ways to secure permanent housing: self-help reconstruction
and the construction of new public housing. In Kamaishi City, 1,445 land sections
for private reconstruction work and 1,316 public housing units for reconstruction
have been set aside. The ratio of public housing for reconstruction is higher
than that seen in other municipalities. This is because a high number ofdisaster victims had been living in rented houses, and the government tried tospringboard compact urban residence in the central urban area by using public
housing for reconstruction to respond to the needs of an aging population. On
the other hand, in coastal fishing communities, efforts were made to improve
the living environment and reconstitute communities that had existed before theearthquake.

安心な住まいづくり

Constructing Reliable Housing

1400

131

1200

12 4

1000
00
554

00
400

2

200
0

54
24

2

0
11

2

2

1 5

1 3
25
(

釜石復興の軌跡

1

3

102
2

2

30

・

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石市の住宅再建事業

官民連携を通した早期の住宅供給

釜石市の公営住宅の特徴

Reconstruiction of Housing In Kamaishi

Rapid housing supply through public-private partnerships

Characteristics of public housing in Kamaishi City
住みよい街を目指して
浜

Murohama

Katagishi

35

鵜住居

Unosumai

150

白浜

浜

Nebama10
石Hakozakishirahama
Hakozaki

31
浜

Ryoishi

ワークショップによる浜の風土に対応した公営住宅の供給

Kuwanohama

4

Provision of public housing suited to a maritime climate through workshops

Tobu

430

中

石

Kaminakajima

210

Matsubara

0

Ureishi

4

Noda

32

Heita

12
白浜

Ozakishirahama

5
400

唐丹

Hongo

12

Tonikatagishi

4

Kerobe13

小白浜

プロポーザルを介したコミュニティ配慮型公営住宅の供給
Provision of community-based public housing through proposals

200

Kojirahama

30

100
50
30

Arakawa

石

Oishi

3

0
Number of units installed

Towards a Comfortable City
Kamaishi City completed the first phase of the Kaminakashima project in Marchattending are held when planning any public housing for reconstruction.

2013, thanks to land provided by private companies in the western region. ThisIn the coastal fishing community along the ria shoreline, a group of houses

is an early example of a large amount of public housing for reconstruction being

was restored. This was also achieved through regular resident workshops by ansupplied through public-private partnerships in the early stage of reconstruction.

architectural team. In the Hakozaki-Shirahama Reconstruction Housing Project

In contrast, in the Tobu area, a community-friendly living environment wasand the Oishi Reconstruction Housing Project, they have high side lights onrealized through projects such as the “Future Town Project.” Some housing

the tiled roofs, designed to let light into living rooms that have high ceilings.

adopted the “living access type” in which the living rooms are placed facing a

On the other hand, public housing for reconstruction in Ozaki-Shirahama andcommon space such that the community can confirm the wellbeing of all the

Toni-Katagishi has been developed to create an interesting and varied space byresidents. This “living access type” was realized in three buildings: the Omachi

adopting a flexible layout plan in consideration of the environment around the site

1st public housing project, the Tenjin public housing project, and the Tadagoe

while maintaining a balance with private reconstruction work.

reconstructed housing No.1, located in the center of the town. A garden path was

The Tenjin and Omachi 1st Public Housing Project won the Good Design Special Award in 2018.

In the Omachi 1st Public Housing Project, the publiccreated on the ground floor to form a link with the community or to act as anliving space and private living rooms are connected,

evacuation route. Open-minded workshops with both designers and residents

and the space can be flexibly used according to theresidents’ preferences.

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石市の住宅再建事業

Reconstruiction of Housing In Kamaishi

復興公営住宅ガイドライン

Guidelines for Public Housing for Reconstruction
イ

公営住宅の質を求めて

ライン 6 かSeeking High Quality in Public Housing

Six Articles of the Guidelines

Like other disaster-stricken municipalities, the rapid building of public housing
for reconstruction was one of the key goals of the city’s reconstruction projects.

1

On the other hand, there was a strong awareness that even though housing should

Consider the surrounding environment.
・

be built quickly, it should remain as high quality social capital over the longer

・

term. Therefore, with the support of Tohoku University and other organizations, it
was decided to draw up guidelines for public housing for reconstruction and to2

make this purpose known. The guidelines call for a “Living environment where・

everyone feel secure,” “Ambitious community development to act as the start ofConsider the elderly and disabled people.

reconstruction,” and “Rational and economical project planning.” In addition to
the prevention of solitary deaths, which was one aim of the living-access typeof housing mentioned above, the guidelines comprise six points, covering thesurrounding environment and culture, care for the elderly, building performance,

釜石市

and stock management.

3

復興公営住宅設計ガイドライン

As described above, in the development of public housing for reconstruction in

Consider isolation and the community.

Kamaishi City, multiple technologies have been adopted in view of their long-term
management as city assets. However, since around 2015, the tiled roofs of public
housing along the ocean started to be criticized as “looking too opulent” and there
were demands to reduce the quality. However, the tiles chosen for the roofs are4resistant to salt damage and allow easy modification to different designs, such

Consider performance as a building.

as guest houses, etc., in the future, reducing overall lifecycle cost. Cost-cutting inthe short term risks undermining the buildings’ investment value and might cause

平成 25 年 3 月

future problems for the local government.

釜石市

5

・

Consider safety and security to disasters.

Consider housing stock management.

天神プロポーザル
審査 11 12012.07
天神公営住宅

り

会

検討会議

住宅再建に

調査

会

第２回

ま

審査会

21
201 .07
天神公営住宅天神公営住宅第１回

2012.08
公営住宅

天神
審査

大町 1 号

2014.02
東部地区公営住宅
ま

住宅再建意向調査

り

ザ

ン

ー

大町 3 号

設定

に

第２回

第１回

只越 1 号

小白浜プロポーザル

小白浜

審査 1 12012.10
部全浜設計者

審査 1 23
唐丹片岸

定審査

尾崎白浜

大石

浜町

崎白浜
201 .02
公営住宅スト0

釜石復興の軌跡

只越 5 号

ク

ジメント会議両石
2016.06
住宅再建意向調査

釜石復興の軌跡1

学校復興事業

School Reconstruction Projects

学校の復興

School Reconstruction Projects

For Future Generations
津波災害を想定した
例外的に校舎が①教育の場における新しい統合① New integration in the field of education
Before the disaster, each school building had been detached. However, to ensuresufficient school space, cope with the declining birthrate, and respond to increasingly

Most schools in Kamaishi had already been relocated to higher ground or inland
to protect them from tsunami disasters, and disaster prevention education had

demanding educational requirements, elementary and junior high schools were to

been provided before the Great East Japan Earthquake struck. One exception was

be constructed in one place, taking the form of an annex, in which they would also

Unosumai (Kamaishi Higashi Junior High School, Unosumai Elementary School)

cooperate with local communities. This means that school buildings will be required

and Toni Elementary School, where the school buildings were located in low-lying

to be used in multiple ways, such as by collaborating between elementary andflat areas because that area, being very mountainous, had no suitable space for aschool. These buildings were damaged by the tsunami.

junior high schools, or interacting with local communities, rather than for traditional②建築と土木の統合

There were some casualties, but damage was minimal due to the effective② Integration of architecture and civil engineering

disaster prevention education that had been provided prior to the disaster. The

The Iwate Prefectural Government’s land-use guidelines stipulate that areas thatteachers and schoolchildren followed the tsunami evacuation procedure. Kamaishi

would not be flooded by a Level 2 tsunami should be designated for reconstruction

Higashi Junior High School and Unosumai Elementary School in Unosumaiof schools and other important public facilities. To be able to meet this requirement

became well known nationwide as examples of how teachers and schoolchildren,

as well as to achieve the consent of existing communities and the project’s earlysupported by the community, had actively taken evacuation actions to ensure theircompletion, the optimum solution was sought by integrating civil engineering andsafety.

building design, reviewing existing sites’ conditions and school building functions.

The city decided to rebuild two damaged schools in Unosumai (Kamaishi

This method differs from the conventional method in which flat ground for building

Higashi Junior High School and Unosumai Elementary School) and two in Toni
(Toni Elementary School and Toni Junior High School. The Junior High School

education alone.

③まちづくりと学校づくりの統合

buildings were rendered unusable by the earthquake.) The features of the plan are

construction is secured in advance.
③ Integration of community development and school development

summarized in the four points on the right.

A very important question was to decide where to place schools in newlyconstructed towns. Kamaishi City decided to select sites that are safe and canbe linked to the city while fitting it in with the town planning overview, and to
implement procurement conscientiously and with the community’s consent. This
type of coordination is normally difficult with administrations that have a vertical④プロポーザルによる優れた専門家の調達

organizational structure, but it was realized through the dedicated cooperation of thecity personnel and the residents involved.
④ Procurement of qualified experts by proposals
To be able to realize the above-mentioned three difficult forms of integration
with a set timeframe and budget, it was necessary to procure competent experts
by announcing carefully organized proposal specifications and how they would
operate. Kamaishi City established a “Future Town Project” to realize thesedemands by designating reconstruction directors and other experts to be involvedin the process.

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡

学校復興事業

School Reconstruction Projects

鵜住居小学校・釜石東中学校

Unosumai Elementary School, Kamaishi Higashi Junior High School

The construction of Unosumai Elementary School and Kamaishi Higashi
Junior High School, a symbol of the town’s reconstruction, was started before thecompletion of land readjustment. It was scheduled to open in April 2017. In the2013 design proposal for integrated architectural and civil engineering, the ideaof minimizing the amount of mountain excavation was chosen to enable earlyschool reconstruction. With this plan, in which the junior high school buildings aredesigned to look like a bridge across a mountain stream, the volume of excavatedsoil would be reduced by 80%.
The school building, which faces the sea, glass-fronted and can be seen fromanywhere in the city. When the lights are turned on, it resembles a lighthouse thatis protecting the town. By creating stairways to give access to the school fromthe town, it is also planned to act as a disaster prevention base that will serve as
an evacuation center in the event of an emergency. The school features attractive
educational spaces and is full of spatial creativity, achieved by making a virtue ofthe limitations imposed by the sloping ground it is built on.

街を見守る拠点の構築

Building a Base for Watching Over the CityThe Unosumai Area was the second largest urban area in Kamaishi City,
occupying the wide and flat area at the mouth of the Unosumai River. However,its low-lying topography allowed the tsunami to reach into the urban areas, where

鵜住居小・釜石東中学校プロポーザル

第４回

第３回
第２回

build a new school in an inland location where the temporary school buildings

鵜住居小・釜石東中学校校舎建設検討委員会
第１回

it caused catastrophic damage. There were serious discussions on whether to1were already located, or whether to build it in the new town. In the end, the schoolof an emergency. A stadium, which will be the site of the 2019 Rugby World Cup,
has been constructed on the site of the former Unosumai Elementary School andKamaishi Higashi Junior High School.

釜石復興の軌跡2

審査

12
鵜住居小・釜石東中学校 ECI プロポーザル

201 .04.02
1 審査会

was reconstructed on a cleared slope facing the sea. The school was intended to
be a symbol of reconstruction of the town and a shelter for residents in the event

審査 5 1

1

審査 10 22

審査 12

201 .04.08
プロポーザル公示

2012.04
鵜住居小・釜石東中学校校舎建設
検討委員会

会

201 .10鵜住居小ーク

2015.07
鵜住居学校地鎮祭

プ

着工

2017.0
新校舎内覧会竣工

釜石復興の軌跡5

学校復興事業

School Reconstruction Projects

唐丹小・中学校

Reconstruction policies shared at the 2012 Residents' Workshop

Toni Elementary and Junior High School
小中学校

中学校
館

中
寺

唐丹児童館

唐丹

館

Ｎ
・

0

斜面を活用した新しい故郷

100

500

1000

A New Home on a Slope
In Kojirahama, a community in the central Toni area, an elementary school damaged
in the adjacent Katagishi area, which is part of Toni Town, was merged with Toni
Junior High School. The new school buildings house the Toni Elementary and JuniorHigh School. The school buildings, designed to make use of the sloping ground, arelocated on a steep slope between Shikicchi-dori Street* and National Route No. 45,
which runs through the hill. To reduce the volume of excavated soil and to enable
rapid construction, an all-wooden building plan was adopted. In the initial plan, eachbuilding was slightly bow-shaped, with the second floor made of wood and the groundfloor consisting of a reinforced concrete structure to hold back the earth. However, in
response to rising construction costs, the design was changed to rectangular wooden
school buildings distributed over the developed terraced fields. The height of eachbuilding coincides with the required height of civil engineering retaining walls as
proposed by architectural and civil engineering experts. The walls on each side of thebuilding are painted to match the town’s esthetic, so that it is coordinated with outerspaces. At the same time, landscaping is planned in consideration of the restorationof existing vegetation in the area and harmony with the surrounding plants and trees.
Through these efforts, the school buildings are designed to fit in the townscape of
Kojirahama and become a central facility of the area. This set of school buildings won
the Good Design Special Award in 2018.
* Shikicchi-dori Street; The main street in Kojirahama area which was created throughpublic housing for reconstruction after the 1933 Showa Sanriku Earthquake

唐丹小・中学校校舎建設検討委員会

粘板岩層

第４回

粘板岩層

第３回
第２回

層

第１回

層

唐丹小・中学校プロポーザル
1

審査 5 1

2

審査

12
唐丹小・中学校 ECI プロポーザル

201 .04.02
1 審査会

1

201 .04.06
プロポーザル公示

2014.02釜石市

201 .07
唐丹小意見

2

2

審査 10 2

会
2014.01
唐丹小意見

201 .04
唐丹小 ーク

審査委員会協議会

プ

会
2014.07
唐丹小意見会

2018.0釜石見学会

2015.04
起工式
着工

竣工
2017.04
部分開校式

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡

中心市街地の復興

Reconstruction of The City Center

中心市街地の復興

Reconstruction of The City Center

東部地区フロントプロジェクト
Front Projects in the Tobu Area

都市の再構築Urban Reconstruction
After the disaster, to revitalize the Tobu Area of Kamaishi City, the city
decided to invite large-scale commercial facilities to the Nakabanko, a largematerials yard on reclaimed land along the coast used for industrial purposes.
To newly connect the urban area with the Nakabanko, a transportation route
was created across the steelworks’ premises, and a plaza, privately owned
local shops, parking lots, and a civic hall were built. All were integrated into
the plaza and constructed at the end of the stairs from the shops to establish
a synergistic effect (Front Project 1 (FP1)). Priority projects, such as Front
Project 2 (FP2), which attempts to reinstate administrative functions, andFront Project 3 (FP3), which creates prosperous businesses in conjunction
with the revitalization of the fish market, were linked together, and it was
decided to aim to incorporate various individual reconstruction efforts into
one large community building through public-private cooperation.

This map was created in 2014 to show the concept of city planning in the Tobu Area.
釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡

中心市街地の復興

Reconstruction of The City Center

釜石市民ホール TETTO

フロントプロジェクト 1

The "TETTO" Kamaishi Citizens' Hall

Front Project 1

復興を先導する事業

The “TETTO” Kamaishi Citizens' Hall was moved to Omachi 1-chome and has
been constructed as a replacement for the tsunami-damaged Citizens’ Cultural
Hall that had been completed in 1978. The new hall was designed as an open
building that is to be placed at the center of the city by incorporating the city’s axis
into the building, creating a glass-ceilinged square on the north side where people
can come and go through the adjacent Kamaishi Information & Community
Center, and use a studio facing Kamaishikosen Street.

情報交流センター

Kamaishi Information & Community Center

Leading Projects for Reconstruction
The site of Front Project 1, Omachi was, before theearthquake, a crowded area with about 80 landowners.
The Figure on the right shows the use of the buildings
before the disaster and after the completion of FP1. The

As part of the Civic Hall, the Kamaishi Information & Community Center was

situation has changed significantly. In Kamaishi City, tocompleted two years before the Hall to serve as the focus of a busy town. In thissecure a large lot, the Reconstruction Project Leading

communication base, the first Miffy Cafe in Japan, Kamaishi PIT as the base of thePromotion Office made efforts to negotiate with the“Pia Smile Project” in Iwate Prefecture, work rooms, and conference rooms with

community from an early stage by using the Tsunami

various types of information content authoring equipment were built.

Base Project. Despite many difficulties, it is now a busy
area that forms the bustling center of the Tobu Area.

タウンポート大町
Town Port Omachi

賑わいと商業の拠点

Busy Commercial Bases
In the initial plan, the large commercial facility invited to Nakabanko had only one
entrance on the opposite side to the existing urban area. Through discussion among
relevant people, shared rights of way were secured in the commercial facility toconnect parking lots and the urban area. The city also planned a plaza, stores for local

Opened in December 2014, Town Port Omachi is a small-scale commercial

businesses, and parking lots at the ends of stairways in an integrated manner. The

complex that was constructed to revitalize damaged restaurants and other shops.

damaged civic hall was restored to the adjacent area to realize a synergistic effectIt is intended as a leading facility to improve the convenience of local residents

that will attract customers. This is an important project, designed to attract people toand revive local commerce. In the neighboring area, the Omachi Municipal Parking

the existing shopping area from newly constructed large-scale commercial facilities

Lot was opened in March 2014, with a passage connected to Town Port Omachi

through cooperation between the public and private sectors.

on the 2nd floor, allowing visitors to come and go between the two facilities.

大町広場
Omachi Square

On-premise Road
arge Commercial Facilities

arge Commercial Facilities

arge Commercial Facilities釡石
Kamaishi Civic HallSouth Squareoint Store
Public Parking Lot
1

0

(2014

釜石復興の軌跡)

The flow of people fromlarge-scale commercial
facilities is received in thesouth square on the town
side.

North Square

Omachi Square consists of the South Square, adjacent to Town Port Omachi
and Aeon Town, and the North Square, adjacent to the Citizens’ Hall. A

Information Exchange
Fase2(Mid 2015)
Advanced opening of theinformation exchange
center and flow of thereceived person are madeto propagate creative
activity and cooperation to
the circumference.

passageway is provided between Aeon Town and the station building over the
Citizen Hall opened. The
flow of the human is fixed,
and it makes the movement
larger by the hall.

Nakabanko internal road that connects various facilities and promotes a lively
ambience. The Kamaishi Information & Community Center, Town Port Omachi,
Omachi Plaza, and Omachi Municipal Parking Lot are operated by Kamaishi
Community Development Co., Ltd.
釜石復興の軌跡1

中心市街地の復興

Reconstruction of The City Center

釜石市民ホール TETTO
The "TETTO" Kamaishi Civic Hall

シンボルと街の広場
TETTO’s floor plan is designed to conceptually pull the city streets straight into
the building. The large hall usually has fixed seats, but it can be used also as aflat floor. When the sliding doors behind the audience seats are put away, the hallcan be seen on the axis from Nonbei Yokocho through a glass-walled small hall.
The small hall can be opened on the foyer side for use together with the foyer. It
can also be used as an outdoor event space by opening the northern side. The

Symbol and City Square
The TETTO Kamaishi Civic Hall, completed in December 2017, was the last building to be completed andis the central facility of FP1. The Kamaishi Information & Community Center, which is a part of the functionof the Civic Hall, was constructed in advance and opened in December 2015. Thanks to support from thecorridors around the main hall are usually open and you can walk around thefacility in the same way as walking around the city, so it is designed to be a placeof recreation and relaxation for citizens on a daily basis, not just for events. The
large hall with 838 seats functions as an ideal concert hall with wooden walls inset
with acoustically-shaped blocks.

Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and Dick Bruna Japan Inc., the Miffy Café in the center is wellknown among children. The Center and the Hall are located across the North Side Plaza and contribute to theliveliness of the city.

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡

中心市街地の復興

Reconstruction of The City Center

フロントプロジェクト２
Front Project 2

新しい街の自治の器

New Buildings for Autonomous Government
Government building No.1 was constructed in 1954, and Nos.2 - 5 were alsoold, having being built more than 40 years ago. The administrative functions werealso spread over several government buildings, causing inefficiencies in the city

Proposed Construction Siteadministration and disruption of services for residents. For this reason, studies on

復興のシンボルとして釜石らしいまちづくりの拠点となる庁舎
舎

the construction of a new government building had been under way since 1986. In
the Kamaishi City Reconstruction Basic Plan, formulated in response to the Great
East Japan Earthquake, the redevelopment of basic facilities around the current
government building, with the new government building at its core, was designated as＜基本方針＞

Front Project 2 (FP2) to expedite the discussion.

● 機能的で安全な庁舎

During the process of its reconstruction, Kamaishi City has been developing

・分散している庁舎を収容できる規模と、部署間の連携や組織改編に融通性の高い設計

various community-based projects involving external personnel, and has developed

・ＩＴ時代と情報公開に対応した各種情報の受発信と共有ができる施設

these experiences into a plan called “Open City Kamaishi.” The new city government

・リサイクルや省エネルギーにも配慮された、経済的な管理運営が可能な設計

building project naturally incorporates these new initiatives that extend beyond theframework of the existing administrative organization.

● 市民に開かれ利用しやすい庁舎

As a result of various studies, the decision was made that the construction site

・市内外のどこからでも来庁しやすい、駐車場及び各種交通アクセスの確保

would be the Tenjin area located in the center of the Tobu area and the closest to・高齢者や障がい者、乳幼児を連れた方など、全ての市民に優しい設計と施設配置

the mountains, because it would be a secure base in the event of a disaster. The

・利用者に配慮した総合窓口の導入や相談室の設置など、快適な利用環境

basic principle of its construction is “A government building acting as the symbol of・釜石市の団体意思を決定する場である市議会の機能が十分発揮できる設備

Kamaishi’s urban development and reconstruction.” The following four basic policies● 都市づくりの拠点となる庁舎

are defined: “a safe and fit-for-purpose government building,” “a government building

・周辺地域と調和し、快適な都市空間の形成に寄与する施設

that is open and accessible to the public,” “government buildings as a nucleus ofurban development,” and “government buildings as a disaster prevention baseincorporating the lessons learned from the earthquake.” The plan is being carriedout with its completion scheduled for 2022, also based on the concept of the “Future
Town Project” which aims at creating an attractive town with high-quality architectural
spaces.

釜石復興の軌跡

・打合せや憩いの場など、多目的な市民交流が可能な施設

釡石Present Kamaishi City Hall

● 震災から得られた教訓を生かし防災拠点としての機能を重視した庁舎・耐震性に優れ、防災・避難対策に万全を期し災害に対応できる危機管理拠点施設
・浜町方向から浸水区域を経ずに庁舎へ避難可能な避難動線の確保。

5
釜石復興の軌跡

5

中心市街地の復興

Reconstruction of The City Center

フロントプロジェクト 3
Front Project 3

Uogashi terrace

Fish Market
Seawall

海と共に生きる拠点の再生

Restoration of a Base for Living Alongside the Sea

The consortium chosen by the design build proposal consists of a community of
local construction firms that are familiar with the local construction market, leading
design firms with experience, and studios that are skilled in designing attractive

The Uogashi area, where Front Project 3 (FP3) is being implemented, had been

locations. They proposed a deck on the second floor, from which a panoramic viewexpected to create a lively atmosphere by taking advantage of its location at the

beyond the seawall can be enjoyed, with stairs rising from a landscaped area thatentrance to the sea even before the disaster struck. In the reconstruction, there has

follows the design of a green mound built in the Nakabanko area. The ground floor

been a need to create a place where citizens and tourists can enjoy Kamaishi, a town

was designed as a flat structure to support the deck.

that has been nurtured by the blessings of the sea.

With the aim of increasing the number of visitors, the city has formed a corporate(1)Creating a mechanism for enjoying the sea

organization called Kamaishi DMC to publicize the city’s benefits. Kamaishi DMC is(2)Linking the appeal of Kamaishi’s seafood to industry

planning to create a foundation for relevant companies and communities, through(3)Hosting tourists and event users

cooperation with fish markets and fisheries cooperatives, to provide food services(Uogashi Nigiwai Creation Facility Development Project Basic Plan, February 2014).

that make the most of the splendor of seafood, as well as to plan and hold their own

The site was positioned inside the embankment, adjacent to the restored fish

events.

market. However, on the eastern coast, which was surrounded by a 7-m highTo promote community development centered on the “Port (Minato)” thatembankment, visual separation from the sea was a major problem. It was therefore

contributes to regional revitalization through community interaction with local

decided that an event square, publicly-built and privately-operated, would be createdresidents and the promotion of tourism, this Uogashi area has also applied foron the second floor of the building, whose height is equal to the seawall. The “Uogashi

registration as a “Minato Oasis.” “Minato Oasis” is designated by the Director-

Terrace” was opened in May 2019.

General of the Port and Harbor Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism of Japan as a continuous initiative for regional developmentwith the participation of local residents.

〈釜石市の海産物〉

海岸部はリアス式海岸の特徴的な地形となっており、大槌湾、両石湾、釜石湾、唐丹湾が入り込んでいる。市が面する太平洋の沖には世界三大漁場である三陸沖が広がり、天然の良港と豊富な漁業資源を有している。

〈Marine Product in Kamaishi City〉

The coast has a distinctive landform, typical of a ria coast, where Otsuchi Bay,

Ryoishi Bay, Kamaishi Bay, and Toni Bay merge. Off the coast of the city is Sanrikuoki, one of the world’s three largest fishing grounds, that is served by a fine natural
harbor and abundant fishery resources.

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡

してきた人たちが、津

防災センターでは、一緒に避難

ろるう
」 とい
鵜住居

波 襲 来の有 無 を 尋 ね

もな く 談 話 していました。 防 災 センターの２階へ上 がると、 公 民 館

活 動のサークルの人 た

ち が 数 名、 雑 談 を し、

Maximum run-up height of tsunami

上 といわれ

る
象す庁
の大 き
る

たり、さしたる緊 張 感

鵜住居地

Educating Future Generations and the Reconstruciton

大 ホールにも 十 人 近い

人 が 避 難 し てい ま し報は、防 災の地域で地惨禍の伝承と復興に接す

す 要 因の一

な

）に

指摘
し
成され
た てい

市

なったこと

した。

の回
避ッは 可
住民の

う

上した津

０名

市職
の鵜員
住居の危

ち、

た。 駐車場にも大勢が理 体 制の強

った。
民意
識地啓 発

Area flooded by tsunami

集 まってき たので、「こUnosumai Area: The Tragedy of Kamaishi

5で

鵜住居地区 - 釜石の悲劇 -こにいれ ば ま ず 安 心 」

Educating future generations
about the Trajectory and the reconstruction

10

で市

）

と思いました。 地 震 発

惨禍の伝承と復興

、 来
とで、）従

（

を 進める必1002

両石町

危 険 を 感 じ、 部 屋の中 央 に

箱崎町 仮宿

箱崎町 箱崎

被災後の鵜住居地区防災センター・鵜住居町©Google Earth
釜石復興の軌跡

ら 雪 が 吹 き 込 み ま し た。 毛 布

釜石復興の軌跡

かなわず、ついに黒い波の中に沈Unosumai Memorial Stadium, they are the main transport axis in the area.

で窓 をふさぎ ましたが、寒さか

Visitor Center, and a Civic Gymnasium were constructed. Together with Kamaishi

んでいきました。

the Tsunami Memorial Hall, a disaster prevention educational facility, the Unosato

中HakozakiMain fishing port

ら 低 体 温 症 にな り、 命 を 落 とpreserving the memories and lessons of the earthquake for future generations,

NebamaBase for sports

した方もいました。

Station, “Unosumai Tomosu,” consisting of Kamaishi Memorial Park, a facility for浜

翌日も、翌々日も、だれも助

On the opposite side of the street, around the Sanriku Railway’s Unosumai

けに来てくれません。 外へ出 た

evacuation base if disaster struck.

Kuribayashi
Base for experiencing nature

救助は３日目の夜低体温症で亡くなった方もHowever, as a result of careful interchanges, it was decided to construct
the school on a hillside in the center of the region to allow it to be used as an

いけ れ ど、 土 砂やガレキでドア

outside the tsunami-hit area, where the temporary school building is located.

が 開 き ません。 上 空ではヘリコ

Regarding the location of a new school, views were expressed that it should be

津 波が引いたあとで、重なる

UnosumaiCenter of the district

to the former disaster prevention center, which was destroyed by the tsunami.

プターや 飛 行 機の音 が 騒々しい

泣 く 力 もなくなり、「 終わりprevention center. That partly led to tragedy, since people were trained to evacuate

ように横たわる遺 体を目にしま

その後、津波は繰り返し押しだな」 と死を覚悟した３日目のneighborhood associations had conducted evacuation drills at the former disasterのに…。

寄せてき ましたが、 幸い、ホー

夜 遅 く、 自 衛 隊の救 助 隊 が 防©Google Earthby the tsunami, including almost all of the central block. Prior to the disaster,した。

ルに 隣 接 す る 場 所 に 防 災 備 蓄

people dead or missing. A total of 26.8 hectares was inundated and destroyed

災センターの屋 上に降 りてき ま

The Unosumai area, located in the northern part of Kamaishi City, was severely
damaged by the tsunami that followed the Great East Japan Earthquake, with 583

倉庫があったので、そこへ移動し、

The city's Most Catastrophic Tsunami Damage

した。

市内最大の津波被害

備 蓄 してあった 毛 布 をからだに©Google Earth惨禍の伝承と復興

Educating Future Generations and the Reconstruciton

うのすまい・トモス
Unosumai Tomosu

Unosumai Elementary School,Kamaishi East Junior High School

UnosumaiU・

Unosumai Reconstruction Stadium

賑わいと伝承Bustle and Handing down the Memories
The disaster on March 11, 2011 and the following months remain painful andsorrowful for many people in the affected areas, making many to wish to forget
it as soon as possible. On the other hand, the duty of those who are left behind
is to retain and pass on these memories to future generations. Reconstruction
is not only the task of restoring damaged areas, but also that of constructing acommunity where people and trades work together organically to build local
sustainability. The “Unosumai Tomosu” is an earthquake memorial park in
Kamaishi, designed to be “A place where you can relax and feel the importanceand splendor of being alive while conveying the memories and lessons of theGreat East Japan Earthquake to future generations.”*The word “Tomosu” is made up of the Japanese words “Tomosu (to light),”“Tomo (together),” and “Tomo (friends), with the image of Kamaishi having been aprosperous steelmaking town with blast furnaces.
New facilities were constructed along the evacuation route that connects thehilltop evacuation: these are Unosumai Elementary School and Kamaishi Higashi
Junior High School, and the newly developed Kamaishi Unosumai Memorial
Stadium at the seaside. They include the Kamaishi Memorial Park to console thevictims of this disaster, the Tsunami Memorial Hall to pass down memories of theearthquake to future generations, the Unosato Visitor Center for use by tourists aswell as playing the role of a station waiting room, and the Civic Gymnasium. It is a
new core as well as a gate to Unosumai, opening to the future and passing down
the lessons of the past.

50

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡

51

惨禍の伝承と復興

Educating Future Generations and the Reconstruciton

鵜の郷交流館

慰霊者を想うThe Unosato Visitor Center

Thoughts on the Memorial
Since the Kamaishi City government established the Committee on Kamaishi
City Earthquake Memorial Park Project in December 2012, more than 20
meetings have been held with the participation of several citizens’ organizations.
As a result, the basic principle was established: “to convey the lessons of theGreat East Japan Earthquake to future generations and to communicate aboutcommunity development in a way that will prevent a repeat of such a tragedy” toUnosato Visitor Center is a facility that will create excitement and promote
the growth of tourism. It features an information space where you can obtain
information about sightseeing and events, shops where you can buy local
specialties and souvenirs of Kamaishi, and a dining space where you can enjoy
fresh seafood rice bowls, soba, Kamaishi Ramen noodles, etc.

protect future lives. It was decided to develop the Kamaishi Memorial Park in the
Unosumai area and the Tobu area; the Tsunami Memorial Hall in the Unosumaiarea; and the Comprehensive Disaster Prevention Learning Facility. The latter
two are for passing down memories of the disaster and for education on disasterprevention. The aims are summarized as follows.
・Mourning: A place where victims can be memorialized and revered, and wherevisitors can feel the importance and splendor of being alive
・Communication: Passing down to future generations the experiences, memories,
lessons learned from the earthquake, citizens’ actions at the time of theearthquake, and the path to reconstruction
・Learning: Promoting disaster prevention awareness, information dissemination,

いのちをつなぐ未来館

and disaster prevention learning

The Tsunami Memorial Hall

・Gathering: A space where residents can relax and interact on a daily basis
Prevention: Ensure safe evacuation sites and secure evacuation routes in case of
emergency
The Kamaishi Memorial Park was the site of former Unosumai Area Disaster
Prevention Center, where many people evacuated from the tsunami and 69 bodies
were later found. This project therefore required great sensitivity. The fact thatmany lives were lost in a two-story reinforced concrete building only one year

The Tsunami Memorial Hall was built as a facility to promote disaster prevention
by providing information on how to protect future lives from disasters, as well as toconvey to present and future generations the events and lessons learned from theearthquake. It consists of three zones: an exhibition zone that shows the damage,disaster prevention courses that the children of Kamaishi work on, a reading zone
with materials related to the earthquake, and a disaster prevention learning zonethat can be used for a wide range of purposes such as planning exhibitions andworkshops.

after its construction must be handed down to future generations as a lesson
from the earthquake. At the same time, it must also remain a place for mourning
the victims. Because of the site was a busy area adjacent to the Sanriku Railway
Station Square and a national road, a soft hill covered by cherry trees was created
for all to pray in a tranquil place (Landscape Advisor: Nobutaka Nagahama). The
Tsunami Memorial Park was constructed next to Kamaishi Memorial Park. CAt,
the designer of the school on the hill, participated as the planning designer, andshared the integrated design concept of the town. The exhibition at the Tsunami
Memorial Park was organized in cooperation with Iwate University’s Center for
Disaster Prevention and Nomura Co., Ltd.

5釜石復興の軌跡

祈りのパーク

Kamaishi Memorial Park

釜石復興の軌跡

5

惨禍の伝承と復興

Educating Future Generations and the Reconstruciton

釜石鵜住居復興スタジアム
Kamaishi Unosumai Memorial Stadium

ラグビーのまち釜石

Kamaishi, a town famous for its rugby team
The Rugby Club of Nippon Steel Corporation, now Kamaishi Seawaves
RFC, won the national championship several times in the 1970s and 1980s.
The team was especially renowned throughout the country for winning sevenconsecutive championships at the National Amateur Tournament and theJapan Championships in 1978 - 1984. Kamaishi is still a rugby town, the home
to Kamaishi Seawaves, one of the top national teams. Given this history, theKamaishi Unosumai Memorial Stadium was selected as one of the venues for the2019 Rugby World Cup (RWC) to be held in Japan.
The city adopted temporary seating in the carefully designed landscape toensure smooth handling of 16,000 visitors to the Rugby World Cup. Due to the useof temporary seating, the facility will not be overloaded. It will act as a citizens’
sports park after the RWC. The stadium is located on the former site of Kamaishi
Higashi Junior High School and Unosumai Elementary School. The plan also
incorporates the idea of passing down these memories and functioning as a fastevacuation route if a disaster occurs. (Design: Azusa Sekkei Co. Ltd., Landscape
Advisor: Nobutaka Nagahama, Structural Advisor: Masato Shintani)

5

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡55

これからの釜石
The Future of Kamaishi
釜石市オープンシティ戦略

The Kamaishi Open City Strategy
Based on the city’s concept of future town development, “A fully open citywhere every citizen has a role to play,” Kamaishi City is proceeding towardmaking itself an “open city” through collaboration with “active citizens,” who are
actively working citizens, and the “connected population,” who are the people
and companies who provide support from outside the city. The aims of the“Kamaishi Open City Strategy” are creative reconstruction and local revitalization
by fostering a variety of relationships, establishing stalwart local communities
where everyone can make their own decisions, and realizing a resilient community
overall.
As part of this strategy, the city has been engaged in programs such as“Kamaentai” to interact with external human resources, “Kamaishi Compass” todevelop human resources through career education for high school students,
and the “Kamaishi Conference” which comprises meetings to support citizens’
activities.

釜石 DMC
世界遺産「橋野鉄鉱山」

Kamaishi DMC
Kamaishi DMC Co., Ltd. was established in April 2018 to uphold this vision ofpromoting tourism in Kamaishi City, and is now promoting the “Kamaishi OpenField Museum Concept.” Under this concept, the company advocates Kamaishi’s
disaster prevention education, as well as publicizing, planning and operating
various events in the city with the aim of increasing tourist numbers. In otherwords, the whole Kamaishi City will be regarded as a museum. Incorporating
the history of war damage and tsunamis, the culture, climate, and landscapecomprising both ocean and mountains will help to make city’s tourism industry
flourish and contribute towards reconstruction.

The "Hashino Iron Mine" World Heritage Site
The Hashino iron ore mine, located in the northwestern part of the city, wasregistered as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site on July 8, 2015, one of the
23 “Industrial Revolution Heritage Sites of Meiji Japan” in the heavy industry field(Iron and steel manufacturing, shipbuilding, and the coal industry) in eight areas, amonument to the beginning of Japan’s industrialization between the mid-19th andthe early 20th century.
The Hashino Iron ore mine is a physical record of all the processes from themining of iron ore to smelting, and is a relic of the early modern ironmaking
industry, featuring three stone blast furnaces, waterways, and sun-drying places,
located in beautiful scenery and surrounded by verdant natural forests and rivers.
The history of iron smelting in Kamaishi will be passed on to future generations as
a World Heritage Site.

5釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡5

復興タイムライン
Reconstruction Timeline

復興タイムライン
Reconstruction Timeline

審査 11 1クトま

小白浜プロポーザル

策定

2011.6.11 1
釜石市
ま

り

中

ーク

2012.4.14
釜石市プ

2012.10
部全浜設計者

クター設
2012.08
公営住宅

り

住宅再建に

会

調査

ー

設定
大町 1 号

唐丹片岸

尾崎白浜

崎白浜

定審査
2012.02
公営住宅スト検討会議

ク

ジメント会議第２回

釜石東部地区中心市街地東部地区商業推進協議会
第４回

第３回

第２回

第１回

第７回

第６回

第５回

第４回

釜石市民ホール建設検討委員会

事業推進2012.05
1 地

設

201 .0釜石東部地区新商業会

201 .0
東部地区商業

釜石ンター運営検討委員会
第４回

第３回

第２回

推進計画

第１回

かかわ

整備基本

区に

第３回

ン

プロポーザル

第２回

2012.10
リー

策定

第１回

第２回

第４回

第１回

201 .0
市民ホール基本
第３回

り委員会

ン

に

住宅再建意向調査

クト会議
第３回

第２回

第１回

ま

ザ

審査 1 23

第１回

プロジ

り

大石

審査 1 1ま2014.02
東部地区公営住宅

会

天神公営住宅

ーム設

り基本

21

第２回

プロジ

2011.4.11
釜石市
ま

審査会

審査

第１回

2011. .24
釜石市災

201 .07
天神公営住宅天神プロポーザル
2012.07
天神公営住宅市民ホール ECI 審査会

に

協定

オンタ

1

2014.0
街の再建

ン釜石着工

決定

会

第３回

第２回

第１回
会
第３回

第４回

第３回

第２回

第１回

唐丹小・中学校校舎建設検討委員会

審査 12

鵜住居小・釜石東中学校 ECI プロポーザル

審査会

1

審査 10 2

2

審査 12

鵜住居小・釜石東中学校プロポーザル
1

2012.04
鵜住居小・釜石東中学校校舎建設
検討委員会

の

第２回

第１回

201 .04.02
鵜住居小 1

鵜住居小・釜石東中学校校舎建設検討委員会

い2

2014.0 .14
オンタ ン釜石オープン

魚河岸地区周辺にぎわい創出推進員会

魚河岸にぎわい創出施設整備計画に

審査 10 2

第４回

2012.02
オンの釜石出

の

地

商業施設の

クト
第３回

2011.10
オンに釜石出大

ロントプロジ
第２回

立地

東部地区
第１回

201 .0オン

審査 5 1

2

審査

12
201 .10鵜住居小

201 .04.08
鵜住居小プロポーザル公示

会

ーク

プ

唐丹小・中学校 ECI プロポーザル
1 審査 2 2 審査 10 2

唐丹小・中学校プロポーザル
第４回

第３回

第２回

第１回

1

201 .02
釜石市

審査 5 1201 .04.02
1 審査会

2

審査

201 .08
唐丹小意見

12
2014.01
唐丹小意見

会

会

2014.04
唐丹小 ークプ

2014.07
唐丹小意見会

委員会協議会201 .04.06
唐丹小プロポーザル公示

震災メモリアルパーク基本計画策定委員会

震災メモリアルパーク整備検討委員会

第２回

第１回

第６回

第５回

第２回

第１回

201 .07
震災メモリアル整備検討委員会
ーク

5

釜石復興の軌跡プ

This timeline mainly deals with projects related to structual development.

釜石復興の軌跡5

復興タイムライン
Reconstruction Timeline

天神
大町 1 号
大町 3 号
小白浜

只越 5 号

唐丹片岸

只越 1 号

尾崎白浜

浜町

両石
2016.06
住宅再建意向調査

釜石東部地区中心市街地東部地区商業推進協議会
第７回

釜石市民ホール建設検討委員会
竣工

第４回

市民ホール着工
2015.09
釜石市民ホール施工者決定

2017.01
釜石漁火酒場かまりばオープン（戸田建設 )

釜石市民ホール ECI 協議定例会議

2017.12釜石市民ホール TETTO 開館

2018.06
釜石見学会

市民ホール施設見学会

釜石市民ホール計画検討委員会
第 回

第 回

第 回

第９回

第８回

第７回

第６回

第４回

第５回

第３回

第２回

第１回

第 回

第 回

第 回

第９回

第８回

第７回

第６回

第４回

第５回

第３回

第２回

第１回

10 11 12

10 11 12

魚河岸地区周辺にぎわい創出施設検討委員会
釜石市東部地区公共・公益施設整備調査委員会
第５回

第４回

第３回

第２回

第１回

第４回

第３回

第２回

第１回

第２回

第１回

釜石市東部地区公共・公益施設整備調査委員会

2017.11
魚河岸にぎわい創出施設
テナント入居事業者公募
2017.04
新校舎内覧会2015.07
鵜住居学校地鎮祭
竣工

着工

2015.04
起工式

2017.04
部分開校式

着工

竣工

鵜住居スタジアム建設検討委員会

2017.04
鵜住居スタジアム安全祈願祭

第４回

第３回

第２回

第１回

2015.07
鵜住居スタジアム

2017.14
着工式

プロポーザル公示
鵜住居スタジアム審査会

竣工

着工
鵜住居地区祈りのパーク整備推進委員会
第７回

第６回

第５回

第４回

第４回

第３回

着工
2017.09
祈りのパーク予算成立

第２回

第１回

釜石復興の軌跡

第３回

第７回

第６回

第５回

第４回

第３回

2015.06
震災メモリアルパーク整備基本計画策定

0

第２回

第１回

釜石市鵜住居地区津波伝承施設展示運営検討委員会

震災メモリアルパーク基本計画策定委員会

2017.11
祈りのパーク着工式

釜石復興の軌跡

1

資料編
Annex

災害危険区域

釜石復興の軌跡〈資料編〉

The Trajectory of Kamaishi's Reconstruction: Annex
This section summarizes the numerical data on Kamaishi City’s reconstruction
and data on major projects.

東日本大震災における復興まちづくり
Town Reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake
高台移転（防災集団移転促進事業／国土交通省）
Relocation II Inland
Urban Bureou, MLIT

県道の整備

（道路事業／国土交通省）
Road Reconstruction
Road Bureau, MLIT

Disaster Hazard Areas

低平地の再生災害公営住宅の建設（漁業集落防災機能強化事業／農林水産省
都市再生区画整理事業／国土交通省 他）
Reuse of Flatland
Agriculture Agency,MAFF City Bureau,MLIT（災害公営住宅整備事業／国土交通省）
Public Housing
Housing Bureou, MLIT

Disaster hazard areas are designated as areas at high risk of naturalcalamities such as tsunamis and floods: in these areas, the construction of中houses is restricted. In response to the Great East Japan Earthquake, many
local governments intended to reestablish hazard areas in areas likely to beinundated by L2-type tsunamis in light of the “2-2 rule.” However, it was difficult
to appropriately evaluate the effects of seawalls on tsunamis in detail during thecommotion after the disaster. Some disaster-stricken municipalities designated

L2津波浸水ライン

災害危険区域
Disaster Hazard Area

L2 Flooded LineL2津波2m浸水ライン注）

wide areas as disaster risk areas, and others designated them in patches.

河川堤の整備（災害復旧事業／国土交通省）
Reconstruction of River Levee
Water Management and Disaster Bureau, MLIT

L2 2m Flooded Line

Kamaishi City repeatedly calls on the prefectural government for tsunami
simulations. With the support of experts, the city effectively adopted Category II
disaster risk areas, which made it possible to construct housing with the groundfloor for commercial use or warehousing to survive any partial inundation.

L1津波浸水ライン

L1 Flooded Line

漁港の嵩上げ

防潮堤の整備（漁港施設機能強化事業／農林水産省）
Reconstruction of Harver
Fishieries Agency, MAFF

（災害復旧事業／国土交通省）
Reconstruction of Sea Enbarkment
Port and Harver authority, MLIT注）3.11の浸水ラインと比較的近い値であることが多い

L1:L2 津波とまちづくりの考え方

MLIT: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
MAFF: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

22

2

(

2m

L1 and L2 Tsunamis and the Concept of Town Planning

2

2m

1

The Great East Japan Earthquake presented an overwhelming challenge on
how to recover from the damage caused by the huge tsunami that struck after
the earthquake. Seawalls are effective in preventing tsunamis, but tsunamis as

22large as this strike on average only every 500 - 1000 years, making it impracticalto construct sea walls that would protect against these rare occurrences. We(

therefore decided to protect the beach with an L1 seawall and cope with any L2
2tsunamis that breach it by evacuation. In principle, community development was
not conducted in the area where more than 2 m depth of flooding by tsunami is

2m1

expected. This is called the “2-2 rule.”
In Ofunato, where the main part of the city is located on high ground, thelow-lying land is defined as a disaster risk area, and the city planning for its

nreconstruction is to be promoted by incorporating both structural and nonstructural strategies. However, adopting this method is more challenging in
Rikuzentakata, Kamaishi Unosumai, Otsuchi, etc., where most of the urban area

遡上高

is located in low-lying areas. For this reason, Rikuzentakata is trying to move theurban area to higher ground by using large-scale bulking, while Otsuchi is working

検潮所

on selecting a new urban site through a series of workshops with residents.
On the other hand, in Kamaishi City, after evaluating the effectiveness of the

津波高“2-2 rule,” multiple-layered protection is applied. By assessing the risk, taking

浸水深浸水高 ( 痕跡高 )into account existing infrastructures such as seawalls at the mouth of the bay,
and combining civil and architectural engineering in individual building designs,
the city is working to recover the original site where people previously lived withminimal land-heightening developments.

平常潮位 ( 津波が無い場合の潮位 )"A New grammar for housing complexes," Annex of New Buildings, 2016 edition (partly supplemented and reprinted.)

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡

資料編
Annex

事業者数の推移

釜石市の復興資料

Materials on Kamaishi City Reconstruction

事業者数の推移
600
500
400

復興交付金

450
400
350

300

424.9

200

335.0

300
In thissection, numerical data on the reconstruction of Kamaishi City and data
250

201.0
on the main
businesses actuallyused are summarized.
200
150
100
50

100

189.9

0

143.2

80.5

73.8

70.4

47.2

82.2

0

Changes in the Number of Businesses

H25.4

H27.6

H28.6

H30.3

再建済み

休業・廃業済み

再建予定

仮設店舗営業中The Economic Census in 2009, before the earthquake, reported the number ofbusinesses within the flooded area to be 2,396. More than half (57.7%) of these

Reconstruction Grants
Reconstruction projects in Kamaishi City were carried out using reconstruction
grants prescribed in the Act on Special Zones for Reconstruction in Responseto the Great East Japan Earthquake (Act No. 122 of 2011), which was made law
in accordance with the aims of Article 10 of the Basic Act on Reconstruction in
Response to the Great East Japan Earthquake (Act No. 76 of 2011) as the main
source of funds. As of the end of FY 2018, a total of 183.63 billion JPY has been

businesses suffered damage from the disaster. For the half or more damaged
配分事業費（単位：億円）

businesses (1,035), the reconstruction situation is as follows. As of the end of
FY 2018, 568 (54.9%) had been reconstructed, 322 (31.1%) had closed, 32 (3.1%)
were scheduled to be reconstructed, and 113 (10.9%) were operating in temporary
premises.

企業立地の状況

disbursed to Kamaishi.

復興道路等の整備効果

Business Relocations
Since the earthquake, seven companies have newly moved into Kamaishi City,
and at the moment a total of 17 companies (of which 16 are in operation) are

Effects of the Building of Reconstruction Roads
High-quality road networks, which acted as effective evacuation routes for

invited, bringing 1,600 jobs.
*The number of companies invited before the earthquake disaster was 12 (of which
six were damaged by the tsunami and two withdrew).

disaster victims and transport routes for relief supplies at the time of the disaster,
will be redeveloped as reconstruction roads and scheduled to be completed in FY
2020. It will not only ensure a safe and secure living environment, but also havesignificant effects on the sustainable development of the region by increasing the

仮設入居者推移状況
Number of Residents in Temporary Housingtransportation efficiency of existing industries, the opportunities for new industries
to enter, and the number of visiting people.
被災者入居戸数

各湾の新たな防潮堤の高さ
Height of New Seawalls in Each Bay

釜石復興の軌跡

応援職員NPO等入居数〈市のシンボル〉

釜石復興の軌跡

5

資料編
Annex

主な事業制度の概要

Outline of Main Project Systems
漁業集落防災機能強化事業

津波防災拠点施設整備事業

Project for Strengthening Disaster Prevention
Function in Fishing Communities

Tsunami Disaster Prevention Base Facility
Improvement Project

Fishing communities were significantly damaged by the Great East JapanThe Project for the Development of Tsunami Reconstruction Bases is set up

Earthquake through loss or damage of numerous houses and public and otherto provide support for the emergency development of “Urban areas as bases forfacilities. The Project for Strengthening the Disaster Prevention Functions ofreconstruction,” which are designated as “Urban development facilities for tsunami

Fishing Communities will focus on ensuring the smooth and rapid reconstruction

disaster prevention in group sites” in the city plans under the Act on Regionalof fishing communities by promoting elevation of the ground and the development

Development for Tsunami Disaster Prevention, effective in regions affected by theof an infrastructure for preserving livelihoods and featuring disaster prevention

Great East Japan Earthquake.

facilities, etc., to revitalize fishing communities and make them disaster-resilientand productive.

Under these projects, the ground is raised so that the same scale of tsunami as
this time will not have as devastating an effect, and facilities such as government

In Kamaishi City, the programme was implemented in 14 affected districts

buildings, cultural exchange centers, public parking lots, and multipurpose squares(Murohama, Nebama, Hakozaki, Hakozaki-Shirahama, Kariyado, Kuwanohama,are developed along the existing road network. These facilities will have a disaster

Ryoishi, Shinhama-cho, Ozaki-Shirahama, Sasu, Kerobe, Hongo, Toni, and Oichi).

prevention function in the event of a disaster as well as providing their normal dailyfunctions.
Kamaishi City is promoting town reconstruction through this project in the Tobu
and Unosumai areas.

防災集団移転促進事業

Project to Promote Collective Relocation
for Disaster Prevention
The purpose of this project is to provide partial subsidies to local governments
to promote the collective relocation of residences located in areas where disasters
have occurred, or in areas that are at risk in the event of disasters and are therefore
not safe as residential areas, and to facilitate smooth promotion of projects to

被災市街地復興土地区画整理事業

Land Readjustment Project for Reconstruction ofDisaster-Stricken Urban Areas
The land readjustment project is designed to develop or improve public facilities
such as roads, parks, and rivers, to modify land boundaries and promote the use ofresidential areas.
In the City, reconstruction land readjustment projects are being carried out infour areas: the Katagishi, Unosumai, Ureishi-Matsubara, and Heita areas, throughprojects that combine embankments and building relocation.

promote collective relocation for protective purposes.
In Kamaishi City, the programme was carried out in 12 affected districts(Murohama, Nebama, Hakozaki, Hakozaki-Shirahama, Kuwanohama, Ryoishi,
Ozaki-Shirahama, Kerobe, Hongo, Kojirahama, Toni-Katagishi, and Arakawa).

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡

資料編
Annex

釜石復興建築マップ

Kamaishi Reconstruction Building Map
復興住⑱釡石唐丹児童館

Tenjin public housing

Kamaishi Toni Children CenterいKamaishi Nuesery School⑰釡石唐丹小学校・中学校

Kamaishi Toni Elementary and Junior High School

復興住1Omachi Public Housing No.1

釡石の⑳小白浜 2 号•3 号 •4 号

なの

Kojirahama Puclic Housing No.2,3,4

Fisherman of Kamaishi “HOME-FOR-ALL”の復興住

Temporary Meeting Place

1

Tadagoe Public Housing No.1

⑲小白浜 1 号

ス

Kojirahama Puclic Housing No.1

Uogashi Terrace

釡石
交流

Civic Center① 釡石Omachi Public Housing No.4

ター

Kamaishi Shopping Street “HOME-FOR-ALL”

5

Omachi Public Housing No.5

ー

Kamaishi Citizn Hall “TETTO”

タ

なの

ー

Omachi Parking Lot

Omachi Public Housing No.3

Omachi Townportタ釡石Ieon Town Kamaishi

唐丹駅のToni Station

Green Mound

N
N

100
0

200

500(m)

100
0

200

500(m)⑮いのちをつなぐ未来館 ( 津波伝承施設 )⑬祈りのパーク

Tsunami Folklore Facility

Prayer Park

⑭鵜の郷交流館 ( 観光交流施設 )Tourism Exchange Facility⑯釡石鵜住居復興スタジアム

Kamaishi Unosumai Reconstruction Stadium

鵜住居駅

Unosumai Station⑫釡石鵜住居地区小中学校

Kamaishi Unosumai Elementary School,Kamaishi East Junior High School

N

100
0

釜石復興の軌跡

200

500(m)

釜石復興の軌跡

編集後記

写真撮影・提供、図版提供( 図版番号表記

n)More than eight years have passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake
struck. In each disaster-stricken municipality, a variety of reconstruction
projects have reached the final stage toward the end of their decade-longreconstruction priority period. We are honored to have been involved in the
production of this reconstruction journal for Kamaishi City, the city having
engaged in creative and energetic reconstruction.
The process of reconstruction in Kamaishi, which has been carriedout with “Build Back Better” in mind, prompted by the difficult situation
after the disaster, is worth reviewing, although various challenges remain.
Reconstruction is of course still in progress.
We have compiled this report for additional use as a guide map for
restoration tours. We would like to leave this as a postscript, hoping that ourreport will encourage you to visit Kamaishi and remember what happened
here.
Finally, we would like to express our deepest gratitude to the people ofKamaishi City, the design offices, and the experts involved for their generous
assistance in the production of this journal.
Architectural Space Laboratory, Tohoku University, September 20190

釜石復興の軌跡

釜石復興の軌跡

1