the 4th Tripartite Policy Dialogue on Chemical Management, Tokyo, Japan, 2010. 9. 8-10

Current Status and Strategies
for POPs in Korea
2010. 9. 9

Risk Assessment Division
NIER, Ministry of Environment
Suejin Kim
1

ContentsI

Recent Issues and Status of POPsII

POPs Management

IIIIV

POPs Control Acts

Future Work2 / 23 2

I

Recent Issues and Status of POPs

3

Listed POPs in the S. Convention
Total 21 chemicals
Elimination(1) Aldrin(Annex A)(5) Heptachlor(9) PCBs(2) Endrin(3) Dieldrin(4) Chlordane(7) Mirex(8) Toxaphene(6) HCB(10) Chlordecone(12) Lindane(13) Alpha HCH(11) Hexabromobiphenyl(14) Beta HCH(15) Pentachlorobenzene(16) Tetrabromodiphenyl ether & pentabromodiphenyl ether(17) Hexabromodiphenyl ether & Heptabromodiphenyl ether
Restriction(1) DDT(Annex B)(2) PFOS, its salts & PFOSF

UnintentionalProduction(1) Dioxin(2) Furan(3) PCBs(4) HCB(5) Pentachlorobenzene(Annex C)* Red color : New chemicals listed in the convention in 4th COP (2009)4 / 23 4

Restriction of POPs (Legacy) in Korea[ Status of POPs agricultural chemical distribution ]Regulation
Chemicals

Annex

AgroChemicals
control Act

Toxic Chemicals Control
Act (content)

POPs Control Act

AldrinA

Cancel/Ban (‘72)

Ban (0.1%) ('99)

Ban (’08)

ChlordaneA

Cancel/Ban ('69)

Ban (1%) ('99)

Ban (’08)

DieldrinA

Cancel/Ban (‘70)

Ban (1%) ('99)

Ban (’08)

EndrinA

Cancel/Ban ('69)

Ban (1%) ('99)

Ban (’08)

HeptachlorA

Cancel/Ban ('79)

Ban (6%) ('99)

Ban (’08)

Mirex

A

Toxaphene

A

HCB

A/C

PCBs

A/C

Ban ('79)*

Ban (50ppm) ('96)

Ban (’08)

DDT

B

Cancel/Ban (‘71)

Ban (1%) ('91)

Restrict (’08)* Electricity Industry Act

Not registered
Cancel/Ban ('82)

Ban (1% )('91)

Not registeredBan (’08)
Ban (’08)
Ban (’08)

5 / 23 5

Restriction of POPs (New) in Korea
Regulation

Chemicals

Notes(DistributionIn Korea)

Annex

Alpha HCH

-A

Beta HCH-

LindaneAgroChemicals
control Act

Toxic Chemicals
Control Act

POPs
Control Act

Ban (‘06)

Ban (’10)

A

Cancel/Ban('79)
Cancel/Ban('79)

Ban (‘06)

Ban (’10)

Medicalsupply

A

Cancel/Ban(‘79)

Ban (‘06)

Ban (’10)

Chlordecone-A

Not registered

Not registeredBan (’10)

Pentachlorobenzene-A/C

Not registered

Not registeredBan (’10)

A

Not registered

Not registeredBan (’10)A-

Ban (0.1% )(‘06)

Ban (’10)A-

Ban (0.1% )(‘06)

Ban (’10)

B--

Restrict (’10)

Hexabromobiphenyl
Commercial
penta BDE
Commercial
Octa BDE
PFOS, Salts &PFOSF

RoHS &Recycling ofEE Act(’06.7.1)
36kg (’06)* Aug. 26. 2010 : Entry into force of the Amendment
6 / 23 6

IIPOPs Management7

Main issues in Korea
Treatment of PCBs Wastes- PCB containing stockpiles such as transformer
Dioxin Emission Management- Voluntary agreement and Inventory
POPs Monitoring- Dirty dozen + New POPs
- The survey of new POPs (2010 ~ )New POPs Management- Reduction & Management of PBDEs, PFOS in Article
8 / 23 8Treatment of PCBs Waste
Monitoring
PCBs Emission Source & Contaminated level survey- Survey & draw up the list of oil type transformer※ total number, manufacture year etc.. (2009.8)- PCBs contamination pattern survey※ PCBs-free guideline about small type condenser etc. (2009.12)
PCBs Conc. > 2 ppm, treat by POPs Control Acts (Article 22)- if PCBs conc. < 2 ppm, reuse for transformer oil

Treatment facilities
Total 11 treatment facilities (2010.8)- Chemical treatment (7), High temp. Incineration (4)Guideline for safety treatment facility (2010.7)
9 / 23 9

Dioxin Emission Management
Title : “Voluntary agreement”
Period : 2005 ~ 2010
Goal
- Reduce the Dioxin emission from industries
by 50% by 2010 compared to its 2001 level
Program for stakeholders participation- Industries(17), NGOs, Government

10 / 2310

Dioxin inventory
Monitoring
Date

Chemicals

Facilities'01.12~'02.7

Dioxin/Furan, PCBs

'02.11~'03.6〃

Nonferrous metal, Mineral industries (115)'03. 9~'04.4〃

Chemicals, Energy, Landfill, Crematory (73)'04.10~'05.5〃Waste treatment (63), Automobile(9)'05.6~'05.12

HCB

Steel, Nonferrous metal industries (50)

Steel, Nonferrous metal industries (37)Results“National Dioxin Emission list(’01&‘06)”was published in ’05&’08
National inventory report reported every 2 year since 2001
11 / 2311

National dioxin Emission List
Category

Waste
Incinerator
facilities

Nonincinerator
Facilities

Classification

Quantity (g-ITEQ/year)
2001

2003

2005

2007

Municipal waste

155.1

37.5

39.5

22.1

Industrial waste

722.7

150.0

123.1

65.9

Medical waste

2.4

5.7

10.9

4.6

Sub sum

880.2 (87.7%)

193.2 (62.1%)

173.2 (64.5%)

92.6 (49.3%)

Steel

90.3

81.7

60.5

49.5

Nonferrous metal

15.6

16.8

18.1

25.3

Non-steel

6.8

7.4

2.4

8.4

Chemical Proud.
manufacturing

1.1

1.2

1.2

0.5

Energy industries

8.5

8.4

10.4

9.2

Crematory & etc

1.5

2.5

2.8

2.5

Sub Sum

123.8 (12.3%)

118.0 (37.9%)

95.4 (35.5%)

95.4 (50.7%)

1,004.0

311.2

268.9

188.0

Total1) I-TEQ : Concentration of Dioxin/Furan 17 congeners using International TEF
12 / 2312

National POPs Monitoring NetworkAir
Soil

Started from 2008by POPs Control Acts
Sampling- Air : spring, summer, fall, winter- Water : spring, fall
- Soil : spring- Sediment : fall

Target : 12 POPs
Monitoring Sites:
AirWater

Soil

Sediment

Total

37365730160
13 / 2313

IIIPOPs Control Acts

14Enactment of POPs Control Act
ObjectiveProtecting human health and ecosystem from POPs
Preparing implementation of the Stockholm ConventionEstablishing Integrated management system for POPs

HistoryJan.’06 : make a Draft Act (Ministry of Environment)
Feb.~April ’06 : Discuss with relevant ministries & Notice
May~Oct.’06. : Screening (Regulatory Reform Committee,
Ministry of Government Legislation)
Nov.’06~Jan.’07 : Submit to National Assembly & Promulgation
May ’07 : Discuss with related ministries
Jan. ‘08 : Enforcement of regulation
15 / 2315

Main Content of POPs Control Act (I)1) POPs Management plan
Make a Basic Strategy for POPs management (every 5 year)- make a Enforcement plan (every year)
Establish a committee for planning and evaluation of plan
- Minister of related ministries (MoE, MoKE, MoAFF, etc)

2) Environment Management
Setting up the TDI and Environmental Standards for Dioxins- TDI : 4pg-TEQ/day/kg- Ambient Air standard : 0.6pg-TEQ/Sm3 (Annual mean)
Establishment of National Monitoring Network
16 / 2316

Main Content of POPs Control Act (II)3) Management of intentional POPs
Annex A, B : Authorized as Banned & Restricted Chemical
Impose duty of consent before Exports

4) Management of discharge facility
Setting up a Emission standard- Dioxin standard for environmental media near Steel, Cement, etc
Effect evaluation of Emission facilities (every 3years)

5) Management of POPs waste
PCB, Dioxin : Set up the criteria for specific waste
Limitation of recycling
17 / 2317

Impact Evaluation of Environment
Criteria
Survey of every 3 years (Consider production capacity)

Facilities

Steel(Sinteringfurnace)

Steel(Electricfurnace)

Cement(firing furnace)

Copper(Rolling,Pressure)

Daily Maximum
Product> 5,000 ton> 3,000 ton> 12,000 ton> 50 ton- Dioxins/Furans- Media : Air, Soil
- Frequency : Winter, summer (1 time each/3year)- Site Selection : Using Air diffusion Simulation model(Soil : 9, Air : 5)
18 / 2318

IV

Future Work & Challenges

19

Future Work & Challenges (I)Amendment of POPs Control Act
Amendment to include New 9 POPs
Revise a Basic Strategy for POPs management
Prepare grounds to support legal allows for Lindane
Exemptions about allowable emission standard for POPs
- Zero discharge system (no waste water)- Reuse in full of waste water- Handling charge system

20 / 2320

Future Work & Challenges (II)Implementation of Convention
Update National Implementation Plan for POPs
- Include additional information related to New 9 Chemicals
Strengthen the Activity for Data Warehouse in East Asia
Setting up the environmental standard of Crematory

21 / 2321

Future Works & Challenges (III)Research & Cooperation
Continuous researches in accordance with the research plan
- Need scientifically agreed Screening /Test Methods to makethe research plan to progress- Selection of chemicals of concerns for risk management actions
Strengthening Local, Regional & International Cooperation- POPs Forum : Government, Research Institutes, Industries, NGO- Make full use of cooperative researches to save resources &avoid duplication- bi-lateral & multi-lateral cooperation efforts for harmonizedapproach

22 / 2322

Thank you for your attention !!

23

PFCs in Water
PFOS
residential
6.2 ng/L

PFOA

Treatment
Facility
industrial
120.9 ng/L 165.2 ng/L

448.9 ng/L
69.9 ng/L
11.3 ng/L

24 / 3924

PFCs in sediment
PFOS

PFOA

industrial
6.78 ng/g
residential
0.42 ng/g

2.47 ng/g

0.29 ng/g

25 / 3925

PFCs in soil
PFOS
residential
0.50 ng/g

PFOA
industrial
0.94 ng/g

0.35 ng/g

0.65 ng/g

26 / 3926