URSI-Japan Centennial Celebration
Symposium 1922-2022
Progress in Radio Science Research in Japanandthe 100 Years Activities of the Japan National Committee of URSI

November 12, 2022

Program and Abstracts

Science Council of Japan
7-22-34 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Table of Contents
Conference Organization………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Aims and Scope of the Symposium……………………………………………………………………. 2
Scientific Program……………………………………………………………………………………..3
Abstracts (Commemorative Lecture and Special Lectures) …………………………………………..7
Biographical Sketches of Invited Attendees…………………………………………………………... 15
Japan National Committee of URSI 1922-2022…………………………………...……...……....….35

Conference Organization


Sponsored by:
Japan National Committee of URSI
Steering Committee for the URSI-Japan Centennial Celebration Symposium 1922-2022 (URSI-JPN CCSSteering Committee)
Technically Co-sponsored by:International Union of Radio Science (URSI)Supported by:
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (planned)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (planned)
Japan Tourism Agency
Japan National Tourism Organization

1

Aims and Scope of the Symposium
The “URSI-Japan Centennial Celebration Symposium 1922-2022” is an important scientific event associated withthe “XXXVth General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science” (URSI
GASS 2023) to be held on August 19 – 26, 2023 in Sapporo, Japan. The URSI GASS 2023 is currently underpreparation by the Japan National Committee of URSI. The International Union of Radio Science (URSI) wasestablished in 1919. Japan became an URSI member country in 1922, three years after URSI was established.
Therefore, the year 2022 is a very important year marking centennial celebration of URSI-Japan. At thisSymposium, we will review the history from the born of URSI-Japan in 1922 to today, Japan’s contributions tovarious URSI activities, and advanced radio science research being conducted in Japan. This Symposium aims ataddressing the great importance of radio science to the researchers working in the field of radio science and to
general public.
On the occasion of this Symposium, we have invited URSI Officials (URSI President, Immediate Past URSI
President, Past URSI President, URSI Vice-Presidents, URSI Secretary-General, URSI Assistant SecretaryGenerals, etc.). During the lunch break of the Symposium, they will pay a courtesy call to the Executive Board
Members of the Science Council of Japan (SCJ) and the Governing Board Officers (Japanese members) of theInternational Science Council (ISC), and discuss international collaborations among these organizations.
The first part of this Symposium will include welcome speeches by SCJ and URSI representatives, guest
speeches, and a keynote lecture by the URSI Secretary-General for commemorating the 100th anniversary of
URSI-Japan. In the second and third parts, prominent Japanese scientists working in the area of radio science will
deliver special lectures on the history as well as present and future prospects of the cutting-edge radio science
research in Japan.
URSI marked the centennial year in 2019 and organized various special events worldwide during 2019-2021.
One of them was the publication of the book entitled, “100 Years of the International Union of Radio Science”(Editors: Philip Wilkinson, Paul S. Cannon, and W. Ross Stone; 618 pages, URSI Press, Gent, Belgium, 2021).
URSI-Japan contributed to this book by one chapter (40 pages), where the history of URSI-Japan since its born in
1922, contributions of URSI-Japan to various URSI activities, and the leading radio science research conducted by
URSI-Japan are addressed in detail. This book is available by free of charge via the following URSI website:
https://www.ursi.org/publications.php2

Scientific Programu Part I: Commemorative Session for URSI-Japan Centennial Celebration
10:00 – 12:00(Auditorium, 1st Floor)u Session Chair:
Kazuya Kobayashi (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Vice-President, URSI; Assistant
Secretary-General (AP-RASC), URSI; Vice-President, Japan National Committee of URSI; Professor,
Chuo University, Japan)1
10:00 – 10:10

Opening Remarks / Welcome Speech:
Satoshi Yagitani (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; President, Japan National
Committee of URSI; Professor, Kanazawa University, Japan)

10:10 – 10:20

Welcome Speech on behalf of Science Council of Japan:
Takaaki Kajita (President, Science Council of Japan; 2015 Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics;
Distinguished University Professor, The University of Tokyo, Japan)

10:20 – 10:25

Welcome Speech on behalf of URSI (Video message):
Piergiorgio L. E. Uslenghi (President, URSI; Distinguished Professor Emeritus, The
University of Illinois at Chicago, USA)

10:25 – 10:35

Welcome Speech on behalf of URSI:Peter Van Daele (Secretary-General, URSI; Professor, Ghent University, Belgium)

10:35 – 10:45

Guest Speech:
Hiroshi Matsumoto (Past President, URSI; Director, International Institute for Advanced
Studies, Japan; Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University, Japan)

10:45 – 10:55

Welcome Speech from URSI Official:
Makoto Ando (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Immediate Past President,
URSI; Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan)

10:55 – 11:05

Welcome Speech from URSI Official:
Sana Salous (Assistant Secretary-General (WIRS), URSI; Professor, Durham University,UK)2

11:05 – 11:50

Commemorative Lecture for URSI-Japan Centennial Celebration:“URSI: 100 Years of Radio Science Activities”
Peter Van Daele (Secretary-General, URSI; Professor, Ghent University, Belgium)

11:50 – 12:00

Guest Speech:
Sawako Shirahase (Council Member, Section I, Science Council of Japan; Vice President,International Science Council; Professor, The University of Tokyo, Japan)
Lunch Break(General Participants: 12:00 – 13:30, Courtesy Call Attendees: 12:00 – 12:40)

1
2

AP-RASC: Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference
WIRS: Women In Radio Science3

u Courtesy Call by the Board Members of URSI to the Executive Board Members of the Science Councilof Japan and the Governing Board Officers of the International Science Council
12:40 – 13:25
Attendees for the Courtesy Call:

Executive Board Members, Science Council of Japan; Governing Board Officers, International Science
Council
Takaaki Kajita (President, Science Council of Japan; 2015 Nobel Laureate in Physics; Distinguished
University Professor, The University of Tokyo, Japan)
Yukari Takamura (Vice-President, Science Council of Japan; Professor, The University of Tokyo, Japan)(Online)
Sawako Shirahase (Council Member, Section I, Science Council of Japan; Vice President, International
Science Council; Professor, The University of Tokyo, Japan)Current and Past Officers of the Board, URSIPaul Cannon (Past President, URSI; Professor, University of Birmingham, UK)
Peter Van Daele (Secretary-General, URSI; Professor, Ghent University, Belgium)
Giuliano Manara (Vice-President, URSI; Professor, University of Pisa, Italy)
Willem Baan (Assistant Secretary-General (AT-RASC), URSI; Senior Scientist Emeritus, Netherlands
Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), the Netherlands)3
W. Ross Stone (Assistant Secretary-General (GASS and Publications); President, Stoneware Ltd., USA)
(Online)Sana Salous (Assistant Secretary-General (WIRS), URSI; Professor, Durham University, UK)
Makoto Ando (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Immediate Past President, URSI; Professor
Emeritus, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan)
Kazuya Kobayashi (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Vice-President, URSI; Assistant
Secretary-General (AP-RASC), URSI; Vice-President, Japan National Committee of URSI; Professor,
Chuo University, Japan)
Hiroshi Matsumoto (Past President, URSI; Director, International Institute for Advanced Studies, Japan;
Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University, Japan)



Officers, Japan National Committee of URSI
Satoshi Yagitani (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; President, Japan National Committee of
URSI; Professor, Kanazawa University, Japan)
Yasuhide Hobara (Designated Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Secretary, Japan National
Committee of URSI; Professor, The University of Electro-Communications, Japan)Speakers of Special Lectures
Masashi Hayakawa (Past Chair, Commission E, URSI; Professor Emeritus, The University of ElectroCommunications, Japan; CEO, Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co. Ltd., Japan)

3

AT-RASC: Atlantic Radio Science Conference4Michiko Kuroda (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Chair, WIRS Chapter in Japan, URSI;
Professor Emeritus, Tokyo University of Technology, Japan)
Hiroko Shinnaga (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Co-Chair, WIRS Chapter in Japan,
URSI; Professor, Kagoshima University) (Online)
Ryuji Kohno (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Professor Emeritus, Yokohama National
University, Japan; Vice-President, YRP International Alliance Institute, Japan)
Yoshiharu Omura (Past Chair, Commission H, URSI; Professor, Kyoto University, Japan)
Koichi Ito (Designated Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Chair, Commission K, URSI;
Professor Emeritus and Visiting Professor, Chiba University, Japan)u Part II: Leading Radio Science Research and Future Prospects in Japan 1
13:30 – 15:45(Auditorium,1st Floor)u Session Chair:
Yasuhide Hobara (Designated Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Secretary, Japan National
Committee of URSI; Professor, The University of Electro-Communications, Japan)
13:30 – 14:15

Special Lecture 1:“Study of electromagnetic noise for 50 years”
Masashi Hayakawa (Past Chair, Commission E, URSI; Professor Emeritus, The University
of Electro-Communications, Japan; CEO, Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics
Co. Ltd., Japan)

14:15 – 15:00

Special Lecture 2:“URSI-Japan centennial celebration and Women in Radio Science”
Michiko Kuroda (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Chair, WIRS Chapter inJapan, URSI; Professor Emeritus, Tokyo University of Technology, Japan)

15:00 – 15:45

Special Lecture 3 (Online):“Radio astronomy — A century of the history”
Hiroko Shinnaga (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Co-Chair, WIRS Chapter
in Japan, URSI; Professor, Kagoshima University)
Break (15:45 – 16:15)

u Part III: Leading Radio Science Research and Future Prospects in Japan 2
16:15 – 18:35(Auditorium, 1st Floor)u Session Chair:
Satoshi Yagitani (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; President, Japan National Committee of
URSI; Professor, Kanazawa University, Japan)

5

16:15 – 17:00

Special Lecture 4:“Harmonization of scientific and commercial radio uses, and their social services andindustrial innovation”
Ryuji Kohno (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Professor Emeritus,
Yokohama National University, Japan; Vice-President, YRP International Alliance
Institute, Japan)

17:00 – 17:45

Special Lecture 5:“Active experiments of plasma wave excitation in space environments”
Yoshiharu Omura (Past Chair, Commission H, URSI; Professor, Kyoto University, Japan)

17:45 – 18:30

Special Lecture 6:“Therapeutic technologies of electromagnetic fields for cancer treatment”
Koichi Ito (Designated Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Chair, Commission
K, URSI; Professor Emeritus and Visiting Professor, Chiba University, Japan)

18:30 – 18:35

Closing Remarks:
Kazuya Kobayashi (Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Vice-President, URSI;
Assistant Secretary-General (AP-RASC), URSI; Vice-President, Japan National
Committee of URSI; Professor, Chuo University, Japan)

6

Abstracts(Commemorative Lecture and Special Lectures)

7Commemorative Lecture for URSI-Japan Centennial Celebration

URSI: 100 Years of Radio Science Activities
Peter Van Daele
Secretary-General, URSI
Professor, Ghent University, Belgium
Email: Pet.VanDaele@UGent.beBy the end of the 19th century communications “without wires” developed rapidly. Ranges were initially very
modest, but Marconi managed to increase them progressively, reached 110 km over water in 1899, and finallysucceeded in creating a radio link across the Atlantic Ocean in 1901, from Cornwall to Newfoundland.
The new technology fired the interest of the industrialized world, and the use of “radio” spread explosively. By
1904 daily bulletins were provided for the passengers of the Cunard line, by means of signals picked up from shore
stations which successively came within radio range during the transoceanic journey.
From 1900 on, a fierce competition started for the domination of the radiocommunication market. Several systems
were soon available but to remedy the chaotic situation, a series of administrative conferences were organized, thefirst held in Berlin in 1903. These conferences made recommendations on such matters as the allocation of
frequencies, the form of signals from radio beacons, or the transmission of weather reports and time data. The
meetings were government affairs, and only around 1913 did the need for scientific cooperation came to the fore andalso lead to the foundation of URSI in 1919 as the International Union of Scientific Radio Telegraphy. The statedobjective was to promote scientific studies of radiotelegraphy and to encourage research requiring international
cooperation in this field.
This presentation will provide some background information on what scientific discoveries lead to theestablishment of URSI and will shine a light on how URSI evolved over all those years.

8Special Lecture 1

Study of Electromagnetic Noise for 50 Years
Masashi Hayakawa
1) Professor Emeritus, The University of Electro-Communications (UEC)
2) Visiting Professor, UEC, Advanced Wireless and Communications research Center (AWCC)
3) CEO, Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics, Co. Ltd. (Hi-SEM)
UEC Alliance Center #521, Kojima-cho, Chofu, Tokyo Japan
Email: hayakawa@hi-seismo-em.jp
The author has been engaged in the study of electromagnetic (radio) noises in the terrestrial environment, whichis the core subject of URSI Commission E. The noise is regarded as an obstacle in the telecommunications, but wewant to emphasize that these electromagnetic noises are our good friend, by providing us with invaluable informationon the terrestrial environment.
The works the author studied during the last five decades include (with the order of studying), (i) electromagnetic(radio) noises in the upper atmosphere (ionosphere/magnetosphere) (lightning-induced whistlers and magnetospheric
VLF/ELF emissions) to study the structure and dynamics of upper atmosphere, (ii) electromagnetic noise in theatmosphere (sferics), originated in lightning discharges: Especially ELF observations of Schumann resonances forthe study of global warming and ELF transients to study a new phenomenon of Sprites in the mesosphere(atmosphere-ionosphere coupling), (iii) EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) characterizing electromagnetic noises
from electrical/electronic equipment and suppression of noises, (iv) Electromagnetic noises from the lithosphere andelectromagnetic precursors to earthquakes (Lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling, for the sake of short-term
earthquake prediction).
I am greatly honored to have been offered an opportunity of a tutorial talk in the URSI-Japan centennialcelebration symposium, which enables me to have a chance to review extensively our previous research activities
with respect to world activity and to summarize our scientific findings. Together with introducing the history of myresearch activity, we have experienced a lot of difficulties and happiness, and we have also learned useful suggestions
during the long period, and I hope that some of those lessons would be of some use to your future research.

9

Special Lecture 2

URSI-Japan Centennial Celebration and Women in Radio Science
Michiko Kuroda
Professor Emeritus, Tokyo University of Technology
Email: kuroda@stf.teu.ac.ac.jp
We are pleased to announce that the Women in Radio Science (WIRS) Japan was launched in June, 2022. The
establishment of WIRS Japan in the year of the centennial celebration of URSI-Japan is of great significance.
Currently, WIRS chapters have been established in Czech Republic, Egypt, Poland, United States of America,
United Kingdom and Japan, with Prof. Sana Salous of United Kingdom as a General Chair.
The primary objectives of WIRS Japan are as follows;(1) To promote the work and leadership of women in Radio Science.
(2) To mentor women in all phases of their career in Radio Science.
(3) To encourage students to consider Radio Science as one of their future career choices.
The current status of women researchers in Japan and abroad will be explained with reference to two documents.
First, with reference to the Global Gender Gap Report 2022[1], the status of women in science and engineeringresearchers and students worldwide will be explained. Next, with reference to the White Paper on Gender Equality
2021[2] by the Gender Equality Bureau Cabinet Office, the current status of women researchers and students inscience and engineering in Japan will be explained.
Based on these data, we will discuss why the number of women students pursuing careers in science andengineering has not increased. Environment, curiosity, and role models are important for girls to pursue careers inscience and engineering. Several case studies will be presented on these items.

Reference
1. “Global Gender Gap Report 2022”, Insight Report, World Economic Forum, July, 2022
2. “The White Paper on Gender Equality 2021”, Gender Equality Bureau Cabinet Office, Government of Japan,
June, 2021

10

Special Lecture 3

Radio Astronomy — A Century of the History
Hiroko Shinnaga
Associate Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy;
Amanogawa Galaxy Astronomy Research Center (AGARC), Kagoshima University
Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
Email: shinnaga@sci.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
On the occasion that "URSI-Japan" will be celebrating a century anniversary next year, I will briefly summarize
a "nearly" century of the history of radio astronomy. Radio Astronomy is directly related to the activities ofCommission J. Radio astronomy was started by a young electronic engineer, Karl G. Jansky, who acquired a BSc in
physics a few years before the discovery of radio continuum emission from the Galactic Center. Under the mission
given to him by Bell Telephone Laboratory, i.e., transatlantic telecommunication using radio, he built a 30-m wide,
6-m tall radio antenna array that captures radio emission (λ=14.6 m or ν=20.5 MHz) from almost all directions. He
carefully examined all radio emission components the antenna array received; he concluded one of the three major
radio components was coming outside of the Solar System and from the region whose coordinate was about rightascension ~ 18 hours and declination ~ -10 degrees (1).
I will review critical discoveries directly in radio astronomy and key technologies that made radio astronomy
and science/technology fields flourish. I will also highlight the progress the Japanese radio community made topush forward to the frontline of the radio astronomy field (2).

Figure 1. Karl G. Jansky and his antenna array that was called "Jansky's Marry-go-round."(Courtesy of NRAO/AUI/NSF)

References
1. K.G. Jansky, Nature, Volume 132, Issue 3323, pp. 66 (1933).
2. M. Ishiguro, K. Chiba, and S. Sakamoto, “From Nobeyama Radio Observatory to the international project ALMA
—Evolution of millimeter and submillimeter wave astronomy in Japan,” Proceedings of the Japan Academy,
Series B, Vol. 98, No. 8, pp. 439-469, 2022. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.98.023)

11

Special Lecture 4

Harmonization of Scientific and Commercial Radio Uses,
and Their Social Services and Industrial Innovation
Ryuji Kohno
Professor Emeritus, Yokohama National University, Vice-President, YRP International Alliance Institute
YRP1 Blg., 3-4 Hikarino-Oka, Yokosuka-City, Kanagawa, Japan 239-0847
Email: kohno@ynu.ac.jp, kohno@yrp-iai.jp
Harmonization for scientific radio use such as radio astronomy and commercial business radio use such as 5G
cellular networks must be an important common subject among all commissions A-K of which the URSI can study
and derive a fair solution to keep using radio resource from various viewpoints. In particular, demand for commercial
radio uses has been drastically increasing for these decades in global while scientific radio uses have a huge impact
in origin of the universe and other academic progress. Conventionally electromagnetic interference between scientificand commercial radio uses has been taken care in several venues; ITU-R, CISPR. Regional and international
regulators have been making various rules and recommendation to harmonize commercial and non-commercial radio
uses considering benefit versus risk for individual radio users, but it seems insufficient in a scientific reason for somecases due to urgent demands and majority opinion. For this discussion on harmonization for non-commercial
scientific and commercial business radio uses, we have been taken into account in several events of URSI, i.e. special
sessions on URSI-ITU relations in URSI-GASS2011, workshops in AP-RASC2013 and URSI-JRSM2015. However,such argument has not been converged yet while increasing requirement to solve such an urgent and serious problem.
The reason why the URSI is a best venue to discuss on the harmonization is obvious because URSI is a communityof mature representatives of both scientific and commercial radio uses. Scientific use side could be represented incommissions F, G, H, and J and commercial use side could be from standardization of cell operators, industry alliance,and radio broadcasting association in commissions C, D, F, and K while mutual benefit and measurement have been
discussed in all commissions particularly commissions A,B, and E. URSI-Japan has been trying to establish a venue;“Regulatory Science Center for Harmonization of Scientific and Commercial Radio Uses,” by applying for the Master
Plan2014, 2017, and 2020 to make a consensus by scientific approach for making global rules and on promotingsocial services and industrial innovation for SDGs.
This invited speech in URSI-Japan Centennial Celebration
Symposium 1922-2022 will approach to resolve remained issues in
the harmonization with “regulatory science,” that is amultidisciplinary concept and subject. Regulatory science has been
applied for medicine and medical devices for instance because risk
versus benefit to apply newly invented medicine and devices to
medical healthcare can be scientifically analyzed with numericalevaluation. Then a guideline or regulation for the medicines anddevices can be made with scientific manner. Regulatory body will
examine the medicines and devices compliant to the regulation. A plan of establishing the regulatory science centerfor the harmonization of radio uses by Science Council of Japan in Cabinet Office will be also introduced.
References
1. Ryuji Kohno, “Harmonization in Ultra -Wide Band Regulation for both Scientific and Commercial Radio
Usages,” Special session on URSI-ITU relations in URSI-GASS2011, Istanbul, Aug.18, 2011
2. Ryuji Kohno, Special workshop in AP-RASC2013, Taipei, Sept. 4, 2013
3. Ryuji Kohno, “Harmonization Based on Regulatory Science for Scientific and Commercial Radio Uses,” URSIJRSM2015, 2015. Wiley, Journal on Radio Science, Vol.51, Issue 12, pp.1923-1936, Dec 201612

Special Lecture 5

Active Experiments of Plasma Wave Excitation in Space Environments
Yoshiharu Omura
Professor, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University
Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
Email: omura@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Electromagnetic wave emissions in the Earth’s magnetosphere are frequently generated by artificially transmitted
VLF waves from the ground as well as natural electromagnetic whistler waves due to lightning discharges. Becauseof the peculiar and mysterious frequency variations of whistler-mode waves, the VLF triggered emissions have beenstudied by active experiments in space, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations for more than half acentury [1,2]. While the VLF wave experiments have been conducted for purely scientific purposes of understanding
nonlinear wave-particle interaction and nonlinear wave-wave interaction in space plasmas, there arose renewedinterest on VLF waves because of their association with the Earth’s radiation belts in late 1990s. It has been foundthat the VLF rising-tone emissions called as chorus waves can effectively accelerate energetic electrons of 10 – 100
keV up to relativistic energy of MeV, and they contribute to rapid formation of the radiation belts [3]. In theacceleration process of a small fraction of the energetic electrons, majority of energetic electrons are precipitated into
the polar atmosphere, resulting in diffuse aurora. Similar nonlinear processes are found in the generation ofelectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves with rising and falling tones, which are excited by energetic protons.
Both acceleration and pitch angle scattering of energetic protons take place, and some of them are precipitated as
proton aurora. EMIC emissions can also be in anomalous resonance with relativistic electrons due to the Doppler
effect. EMIC rising-tone emissions can scatter pitch angles of relativistic electrons very effectively [4], resulting in
rapid depletion of substantial amount of the radiation belt electrons. This gives us possible means to eliminate a partof the radiation belts for safer human activities in the space radiation environment. In search of effective methods togenerate whistler-mode waves and EMIC waves in the magnetosphere, various active experiments such as Barium
atom release and electron beam injection have been proposed. A review on active experiments in the past and future[5] for generation of waves in space plasmas is presented.
References
1. Y. Omura, D. Nunn, H. Matsumoto and M. J. Rycroft, A Review of Observational, Theoretical and Numerical
Studies of VLF Triggered Emissions, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 53, pages 351 - 368,
1991.
2. M. Gołkowski, V. Harid, and P. Hosseini, Review of controlled excitation of non-linear wave-particle interactionsin the magnetosphere, Front. Astron. Space Sci. 6:2. doi: 10.3389/fspas.2019.00002, 2019
3. Y. Omura, Y. Miyashita, M. Yoshikawa, D. Summers, M. Hikishima, Y. Ebihara, and Y. Kubota, Formation
process of relativistic electron flux through interaction with chorus emissions in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere,
J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 120, 9545–9562, doi:10.1002/2015JA021563, 2015.
4. Y. Omura and Q. Zhao, Relativistic electron microbursts due to nonlinear pitch-angle scattering by EMIC
triggered emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 5008–5020, doi: 10.1002/jgra.50477, 2013.
5. J. E. Borovsky and G. L. Delzanno, Active experiments in Space: The Future, Front. Astron. Space Sci. 6:31.
doi: 10.3389/fspas.2019.00031, 2019.

13

Special Lecture 6

Therapeutic Technologies of Electromagnetic Fields for Cancer Treatment
Koichi Ito
Emeritus Professor, Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University
Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
Email: ito.koichi@faculty.chiba-u.jp
URSI Commission K widely covers the topics related to Electromagnetics in Biology and Medicine. Its terms ofreference include medical applications of electromagnetic fields (EMFs). The presentation focuses on cancer
treatment with EMFs.
There are different approaches to cancer treatment such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, gene therapy,
immunotherapy, electrochemotherapy, hyperthermia and ablation. Two or more different ways are sometimes
combined for better clinical outcome. Technologies based on EMFs have greatly contributed to cancer treatment withcollaboration of medical people.
Hyperthermia and ablation utilize temperature elevation in the human tissue caused by EM energy and aresometimes referred to as thermal therapy. On the contrary, a few different types of cancer treatment such as
electrochemotherapy are based on non-thermal effects of EMFs. Hyperthermia exploits the difference of thermal
sensitivity between tumor and normal tissue. The target tumor is usually heated up to the range between 42 and 45°C
that results in less damage to the surrounding normal tissues. Moreover, therapeutic effects of other cancer treatments
such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be enhanced by combining with hyperthermia. Ablation has been applied
mainly for treatment of small-sized tumors. During the treatment, a thin antenna is directly inserted into the tumor toheat well over 60 °C and its treatment time is usually around a few minutes.
Recently, with the advent of sophisticated medical imaging technologies, image-guided thermal therapy has beendeveloped and employed to further improve QOL (quality of life) of patients and to ease an operation for medical
doctors. A typical example is a magnetic resonance guided annular phased array hyperthermia which can produce
therapeutic temperatures in the human body and visualize real-time 3D temperature mapping. Another example is afocused microwave hyperthermia for breast cancer treatment guided by thermoacoustic tomography. As for ablation,
image-guided microwave ablation (MWA) has emerged as a minimally invasive therapeutic modality for cancer
treatment.
Unlike antennas for telecommunications, SAR (specific absorption rate) and temperature distributions in a humanbody are essential parameters of antennas for thermal therapies. It is almost impossible to use real human bodies forexperimental evaluation of such thermal therapies. Instead, computer simulation is usually performed withsophisticated digital human-body models or human digital twins. Multiphysics simulation with digital phantoms is a
powerful tool for the development and evaluation of various medical devices. A recent program announced by the
FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) will qualify such tools which may eliminate or mitigate much of the risk
and uncertainty in product development.
However, experiments with physical phantoms are indispensable to validate the results of numerical simulations
or to minimize animal experiments. Various types of physical human phantoms have been developed and utilized forexperimental investigations. Semi-solid phantoms are suitable to the experiments for in-body medical devices.
Finally, a couple of further challenges will be briefly addressed including “theranostics” that means a combinationof therapeutics and diagnostics for cancer treatment as well as advanced physical phantoms for evaluation of antennas
for thermal therapy.

14

Biographical Sketches of Invited Attendees

15

Takaaki Kajita
Distinguished University Professor, The University of Tokyo, Japan
President, Science Council of Japan; 2015 Nobel Laureate in Physics
Takaaki Kajita has been serving as the President of Science Council of Japan
since October 2020. He is the Distinguished University Professor at The
University of Tokyo, and also the Director of Institute for Cosmic Ray Research(ICRR) of The University of Tokyo. He received his Ph.D. from The Universityof Tokyo School of Science in 1986, and has been researching at Kamiokande andSuper-Kamiokande detectors at Kamioka Observatory in central Japan. In 1998,
at the Neutrino International Conference held in Takayama, Gifu, he showed theanalysis results which provided strong evidence for atmospheric neutrino
oscillations. In 2015, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for his role indiscovering atmospheric neutrino oscillations. Currently, he is the project leader
for KAGRA Project, aiming to explore the gravitational wave astronomy.

16

Yukari Takamura
Professor, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Vice-President, Science Council of Japan
Yukari Takamura serves as Vice President since October 2020. She isProfessor at the Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo.
After receiving Master of Laws (Public International Law) from
Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, she was appointed Associate Professor at
Shizuoka University. Before joining the University of Tokyo in 2018, she
worked as Professor at Ryukoku University, Kyoto, and Professor at Nagoya
University, Japan. She also studied at Graduate School of University of Paris
II (Panthéon-Assas), France and was Visiting Researcher at University of
London, U.K.
Specializing international law and environmental law, her research
focuses on legal and governance issues relating to multilateral environmental
agreements as well as climate and energy laws and policies.
She is member of the Editorial Board of Journal Sustainability Science and of the Editorial Advisory
Board of Journal Climate Policy. She is member of Board of Directors of Japanese Society for Environmental
Economics and Policy Studies as well as member of Board of Executive Directors of Japanese Society for
Environmental Law and Policy Studies.
She serves as member of governmental advisory bodies, among others, Central Environmental Council
as President, and Procurement Price Calculation Committee for Feed-in Tariff Scheme for Renewable Energy
as chair. She is member of Advisory Group on Climate Change and Sustainable Development of ADB.
She received Environmental Conservation Merit's Minister of the Environment Award in 2018.

17

Sawako Shirahase
Professor, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Council Member, Section I, Science Council of Japan; Vice President, International Science Council
Sawako Shirahase is a professor of sociology at the Graduate School of
Humanities and Sociology, the University of Tokyo. She received her D.Phil insociology from University of Oxford in 1997, and joined the University of Tokyoin 2006. She became a professor at the Department of Sociology in 2010. She
served as Vice President of the University of Tokyo in 2018 and has been an
Executive Vice President for International Affairs at the University of Tokyo for
two years since 2019. She is currently Director of the UTokyo Center forContemporary Japanese Studies (TCJS). She also has served as a Senior Vice
Rector at the United Nations University since 2021.
Her main research interests include social stratification and social
demography, inequality in income and wealth, and family and social security
system in cross-national perspectives. She has run several large research projects
as a principal investigator. They are (1) the research project on “A Comprehensive
Study Examining the Forms of Social Stratification in an Aging Society and Constructing Public Norms”(Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S), 2008-2012), (2) the research project on “A Comprehensive Studyof the Structural Change in Social Stratification and the Mechanism of Generating Inequality in the Ageing
Society with Low Fertility” (Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research, 2013-2017), and (3) research on“An Empirical Research on how to Generate the Structure of Social Stratification in the Aged Society withLow Fertility,” (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2018-2020).
She has published books and articles on these issues including Social Stratification in an Aging Society
with Low Fertility: The Case of Japan (ed.) (2022, Springer), The Structure of Stratification in the Aged
Society with Low Fertility, Vol. 1-3 (eds.) (2021, University of Tokyo Press, in Japanese), Todai Juku:
Demography and Society: Looking for the Future in Japan (ed.) (2019, University of Tokyo Press, inJapanese), Social Inequality in Japan (2014, Routledge), Demographic Change and Inequality in Japan (ed.)(2011, Trans Pacific Press), “Social Stratification Theory and Population Aging Reconsidered” (2021, : 277288), “Income inequality among older people in rapidly aging Japan” (2014, Research in Social Stratificationand Mobility 41:1-15).
She is a Vice President for Finance for International Science Council since 2020, and has also served asa Vice President of the International Sociological Association since 2018.

18

Piergiorgio L. E. Uslenghi
Distinguished Professor Emeritus, The University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
President, URSI
Piergiorgio L. E. (George) Uslenghi is a Distinguished Professor Emeritus in
the University of Illinois at Chicago, and is the current President of URSI. He
has published extensively on electromagnetics, optics, acoustics, microwaves,scattering theory, complex electronic materials, and applied mathematics. He isa Member of the Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi Honorary Societies, a Fellow of
URSI, a Life Fellow of IEEE, a recipient of the IEEE Third Millennium Medal,a Honorary Member of USNC-URSI, a Member of the Academy of Sciences ofTurin, a Past President of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, a
University of Illinois Scholar, and a Distinguished Alumnus of the Polytechnicof Turin.

19

Makoto Ando
Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Immediate Past President, URSI
Makoto Ando received his doctorate of engineering in electrical engineering from
Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1979. He subsequently joined NTT and wasengaged in the development of antennas for satellite communication. He moved toTokyo Institute of Technology in 1982 and served as a Professor and 2015-2018
Executive Vice President for Research. In 2018, he moved to National Institute ofTechnology (KOSEN) and served as the senior executive director until his
retirement in 2020. Since 2020, He is the Program Director of Strategic
Information and Communications R&D Promotion Programme (SCOPE) of
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan (MIC). He also chairs theselection committee for Beyond 5G R&D Promotion Project of NICT issued by
MIC.
His main interests have been field and waves in radio science, especially highfrequency diffraction theory, the design of waveguide planar arrays, andmillimeter-wave antennas for future wireless communication. He plays a leading role in the promotion of awide range of applications of millimeter-wave wireless communications in Japan.
His international activities have included service as 2009 president of the IEEE Antennas andPropagation Society (AP-S), 2018-2019 President of The Institute of Electronics, Information andCommunication Engineers (IEICE), Japan and 2017-2021 president of the International Union of Radio
Science (URSI),
Professor Ando is a fellow of IEEE, URSI and an honorary member of IEICE.
Recognized by the IEICE with the Distinguished Achievement and Contributions Award, he has also
received the Inoue Prize for Science, both the Meritorious Award on Radio and the Meritorious Award on
Contributions to the Promotion of Computerization from the Minister of Internal Affairs andCommunications (MIC) and the 2016 Culture Award from the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK).

20

Peter Van Daele
Professor, Ghent University, Belgium
Secretary-General, URSIPeter Van Daele is Secretary General of URSI, the International Union ofRadio Science, non-governmental and non-profit organisation under theInternational Council for Science, responsible for stimulating and coordinating,on an international basis, studies, research, applications, scientific exchange,
and communication in the fields of radio science, radio communications, radio
propagation and electromagnetic waves.
Peter Van Daele was elected as Secretary General of URSI in 2017 andserved as Assistant Secretary General already since 1993. He is also professor
at Ghent University, Belgium and permanent member of staff from IMEC
(Interuniversity MicroElectronics Center) in Belgium and more specificallywith the IDLab (Internet Technology and Data Science Lab).
He was and is directly responsible for several EU-funded research projects
both on a technological level as well as on a more coordinating level e.g. as
project coordinator of projects in the field of micorelectronics and later in the area of Future Internet and
Next Generation Internet. Currently he is project coordinator of the European funded H2020-project“Fed4FIRE+” offering open access to the largest federation worldwide of facilities for experimentational
research in the area of Next Generation Internet.
Peter Van Daele is author or co-author of over 400 publications and presentations in international
journals or at international conferences and is involved in the organization of some major conferences in thefield, such as ECOC (European Conference on Optical Communications) as well as the URSI Flagshipmeetings.

21

Kazuya Kobayashi
Professor, Chuo University, Japan
Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Vice-President, URSI; Assistant Secretary-General(AP-RASC), URSI; Vice-President, Japan National Committee of URSI
Kazuya Kobayashi received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees, all in electricalengineering, from Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan in 1977, 1979, and 1982,
respectively. In 1982, he joined the Department of Electrical, Electronic, andCommunication Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan, where he has
been Professor since 1995. He held central management positions at Chuo
University including, Vice President (2006-2008), Director of International
Center (2003-2006), and Secretary to President (2001-2003).
Dr. Kobayashi held Visiting Professor and Visiting Scientist positions at
various institutions including: Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (2014,2016, 2017, 2019); Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine (2001, 2018); PhysicalResearch Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India (2015); Institute of Radiophysics andElectronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine(2001); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA (1987-1988). He has been Adjunct
Professor at The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (since 2004) and
Honorary Professor, Amity University, Noida, India (since 2019).
Dr. Kobayashi received a number of distinguished awards including: The President’s Award (2020) fromURSI (International Union of Radio Science) for his leadership and untiring efforts in initiating, organizing
and establishing AP-RASC as one of the URSI Flagship Meetings; The Governor’s Award (2018) from
Toyama Prefectural Government, Japan for outstanding contribution to the promotion of tourism in Toyama
Prefecture and raising international recognition through the holding of large-scale international conferences;
JNTO Best International Convention Award (2016, 2018) from Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO),The Government of Japan for outstanding contribution to the invitation of large-scale international congresses
to Japan; M. A. Khizhnyak Award (2016) at “16th International Conference on Mathematical Methods inElectromagnetic Theory” (MMET*2016) for contribution to electromagnetic theory.
Dr. Kobayashi is a Member of Science Council of Japan, a Fellow of The Electromagnetics Academy,
and a Fellow of URSI. He also serves as MICE Ambassador, JNTO since 2016. He has held various important
positions in the international radio science and electromagnetics/optics communities including: VicePresident of URSI (since 2021); Vice-Chair (2014-2017) and Chair (2017-2021) of URSI Commission B;
URSI Assistant Secretary-General AP-RASC (since 2015); President (2008-2018) and Vice-President (since2021) of the Japan National Committee of URSI; Chair of the PIERS Awards Committee, The
Electromagnetics Academy (since 2018); Series Editor of the book series “Springer Series in Optical
Sciences”, Springer Nature (since 2020); Editor of the journal “Radio Science” (since 2019).
Dr. Kobayashi has contributed significantly to organization of numerous international conferences
including PIERS (Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium) and URSI conferences as General
Chair, General Co-Chair, and Chair/Co-Chair of the Technical Program Committee. He is currently involvedin organizing “XXXV URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium” (URSI GASS 2023; August 2023,
Sapporo, Japan) as General Chair and Associate Scientific Program Coordinator.
His research interests are in the areas including: analytical regularization methods; Wiener-Hopf
methods; high-frequency methods; electromagnetic theory; canonical problems; scattering and diffraction;
radar cross section.

22

Giuliano Manara
Professor, University of Pisa, Italy
Vice-President, URSI
Giuliano Manara is a Professor at the School of Engineering of the
University of Pisa, Italy. Since 1980, he has been collaborating with the
Department of Electrical Engineering of the Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio, USA, where, in the summer and fall of 1987, he wasinvolved in research at the ElectroScience Laboratory. His researchinterests have centered mainly on the asymptotic solution of radiationand scattering problems to improve and extend the uniform geometricaltheory of diffraction. He has also been engaged in research on numerical,
analytical and hybrid techniques (both in frequency and time domain),scattering from rough surfaces, frequency selective surfaces (FSS), andelectromagnetic compatibility. More recently, his research has also been
focused on the design of microwave antennas with application tobroadband wireless networks, on the development and testing of new
microwave materials (metamaterials), and on the analysis of antennas and propagation problems for Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) systems.
Prof. Manara was elected an IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) Fellow in 2004 for“contributions to the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction and its applications.” In August 2008, he waselected the Vice-Chair of the International Commission B “Fields and Waves” of URSI (International Radio
Science Union). He served as the International Chair of URSI Commission B for the triennium 2011-2014.
Prof. Manara has been elected a URSI Fellow in 2017. In 2021 he has been elected Vice- President of URSI.

23

W. Ross Stone
President, Stoneware Ltd., USA
Assistant Secretary-General (GASS and Publications), URSI
W. Ross Stone has over 50 years of industry and consulting experience. He isan expert in antennas, propagation, cellular and wireless communications, cell
phones, handsets, base station, mobile, RF, HF, VHF, UHF, microwave, andmillimeter-wave technologies. He was Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Antennas
and Propagation Magazine and its predecessor publication for over 30 years.
He is Editor of the Radio Science Bulletin of URSI (the International Union ofRadio Science), a position he has held for more than 23 years. It is estimated hehas edited over 10,000,000 peer-reviewed words in print. He is Assistant
Secretary General (Publications) of URSI. Among other positions, he was Chief
Scientist of McDonnell Technologies, Research Advisor of IRT Corp., andExecutive Director of an international scholarship fund in telecommunications.
He has been President of his own consulting firm for over 40 years, a Director
and/or principal of five companies, and an investor in and/or active part of 16
startup companies. He has been an Adjunct Full Professor of the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy, andis currently an Adjunct Full Professor of Beijing Jiaotong University. He is a Life Fellow of the IEEE, a
Fellow of URSI, a Fellow of the CIE, a Fellow of the Electromagnetics Academy, an Honorary Life Memberof the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Administrative Committee (AdCom), a Director of theEuropean Association on Antennas and Propagation, and author/editor of seven books and over 100 journaland conference papers.

24

Willem A. Baan
Senior Scientist Emeritus, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), the Netherlands
Assistant Secretary-General (AT-RASC), URSI
Willem A. Baan has received an Aerospace Engineer degree at TU Delft in
the Netherlands and MSc (plasma physics) and PhD (theoretical astrophysics)
degrees at MIT in the United States.
After a Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Institute for Advanced Study(Princeton, USA) he lectured Astronomy at the Pennsylvania State Universityand did astrophysical research at Arecibo Observatory (Cornell University).
Upon returning to The Netherlands he served as Director of the Westerbork
Observatory and Head of the Science Group at the Netherlands Institute forRadio Astronomy (ASTRON).
After his obligatory retirement, Baan worked as a Visiting Professor at
the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (CAS SHAO) and continues as a
Foreign Expert Professor at the XinJiang Astronomical Observatory (CAS
XAO) in Urumqi, CN.
After some theoretical work in X-ray astronomy, most research has in the area of extragalactic molecular
spectroscopy using radio telescopes – or searching for and interpreting molecular emissions in the Galaxy
and in other galaxies.
In addition to astronomical research, he was very active in legal and regulatory efforts to protect radio
telescopes from outside interference (pollution of the radio spectrum).
Willem Baan has been active in URSI for many years. He has served on the URSI Board and as Program
Chair for the recent AT-RASC meeting.

25

Sana Salous
Professor, Durham University, UK
Assistant Secretary-General (WIRS), URSI
Sana Salous holds the Chair of Communications Systems at Durham University
since 2003. She has radio propagation experience from high frequency (HF) tomillimeter wave frequency bands. To support these studies she has developed novel
channel sounders based on digital frequency sweep techniques.
She acted as Chair of Commission C of the International Union of Radio
Science (2014-2017) and co-chair of the Working Group on Radio Channels in the
COST Action IRACON. She is a member of the UK delegation to the Study Group
3 of the International Telecommunications Union and a regular contributor toworking party 3K. She is also Editor in Chief of the journal Radio Science.

26

Paul Cannon
Professor, University of Birmingham, UK
Past President, URSIPaul Cannon is a physicist and an electronic engineer who works at the interfaceof the two disciplines. He is an academic at the University of Birmingham but
spent the majority of his working life in government research laboratories andindustry. Since joining the University of Birmingham in 2013, he has been aregular advisor to government departments and science advisors. His leadershipof studies and authorship of reports on extreme space weather have guided thedevelopment of government policy in both Australia and the UK.
Paul has made numerous contributions to radio science and space weather
especially in the fields of ionospheric radio propagation, measurement and realtime modelling. He has specialised in combining knowledge of radio systems withknowledge of the ionospheric medium and radio propagation to develop new andnovel science and engineering solutions.

27

Hiroshi Matsumoto
Director, International Institute for Advanced Studies, Japan
Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University, Japan
Past President, URSI
Hiroshi Matsumoto is the director of the International Institute for Advanced
Studies. From 2015 to 2022, he was President of RIKEN. He is an expert in space
radio science, space plasma physics, and space solar power transmission. He
completed gained doctoral degree from Kyoto University in 1973. From 2002 to
2004, Director of the Research Institute for Sustainable and Radio Sciences,
Kyoto University, and from 2004 to 2005, Director of the Research Institute for
Sustainable Humanosphere.
He also served as President of Kyoto University from 2008 to 2014.
He has received numerous awards and honors, including the Gagarin Medalof the Russian Astronaut Federation, the Chevalier of the Order of Honor of theFrench Army, the Honorary Officer of the Order of Honor of the British Empire,and Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure of Japan in 2021.

28

Masashi Hayakawa
Emeritus professor and Visiting professor, University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Japan
CEO, Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co., Ltd., UEC Incubation Center, Japan
Past Chair, Commission E, URSI
Masashi Hayakawa was born in Nagoya, Japan on February 26, 1944. He got
his MS degree and Doctor of Engineering degree, all from Department ofElectrical Engineering of Nagoya University in 1968 and 1974 respectively.
He joined the Research Institute of Atmospherics, Nagoya University as a
research associate in 1970 and became Assistant Professor in 1968 and
Associate Professor in 1969. Dr. Hayakawa worked for Sheffield University(UK) as a visiting lecturer in 1976 and for Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie
de l’Environnement (LPCE) (France) as a visiting professor in 1980-81. Since
1991 he has been a professor of University of Electro-Communications (UEC)and retired from the university in 2009. Then he is an Emeritus Professor of
UEC, and he has, in 2011, established a venture company of Hayakawa
Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics, Co. Ltd. (Hi-SEM) acting as CEO. He was the Vice-chair and Chair ofCommission E of URSI, and the presidents of Atmospheric Electricity of Japan and of Earthquake Prediction
Society of Japan. Also he was a co-editor of URSI journal, Radio Science, and is now Editor-in-Chief ofOpen Journal of Earthquake Research. He has authored and co-authored over 800 papers, and have publishedand edited more than 40 monographs. His interests are simply radio noises just around the Earth, but very
diverse; plasma waves in the ionosphere/magnetosphere (their generation and propagation), atmosphericelectricity (sferics, Schumann resonances, lightning physics etc.), seismo-electromagnetics (electromagnetic
phenomena associated with earthquakes for earthquake prediction), EMC, signal processing (direction
finding, inverse problems) etc.

29

Michiko Kuroda
Professor Emeritus, Tokyo University of Technology, Japan
Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Chair, WIRS Chapter in Japan, URSI

Michiko Kuroda received Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Waseda
University, Tokyo, Japan, in 1978. She became an Associate Professor at Tokyo
University of Technology in 1990. She was promoted to a Professor and thenwas a Dean of the School of Computer Science. Now, she is a Professor Emeritus.
She has been a scientific advisor of guidance on the Ministry of Public
Management, Home Affairs, Post and Telecommunications in Japan, a vicepresident of the electronics society of IEICE, a chair of IEEE Japan Council on
Women in Engineering, a member of the Board of directors of ACES, a chair of
the Technical Committee of Electromagnetic theory of IEEJ. From 2022, she isa chair of Women in Radio Science Japan. Her research interests areelectromagnetic theory, and numerical methods including FDTD and grid
generation methods. She is a Fellow of IEICE.

30

Hiroko Shinnaga
Associate professor, Physics and Astronomy Department at Kagoshima University
Amanogawa Galaxy Astronomy Research Center (AGARC), Japan
Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Co-Chair, WIRS Chapter in Japan, URSI

Hiroko Shinnaga is a Japanese astrophysicist at the graduate school ofKagoshima University. She researches star formation and evolution using
interstellar dust and molecular lines in Cosmos. Her current focus is on
the interstellar/circumstellar magnetic fields to use as tools to diagnose theevolutionary status of astronomical objects and how they impact theevolution of our Milky-Way Galaxy (which is called Amanogawa Galaxy
in Japanese).
After acquiring her DSc at the graduate school of Ibaraki University Japan,
she joined the submillimeter array (SMA) groups at ASIAA, Taiwan, andat Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in the United States andworked as a postdoctoral fellow. She then joined the submillimeter groupas a staff research scientist at California Institute of Technology (Caltech), which operated the Caltech
Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) on the top of Mauna Kea, on the Hawaii island in the United States. She
was one of the core members of the ESMA project that connected the SMA- the James Clerk Maxwell
Telescope 15m – the CSO 10.4m Leighton Telescope. She moved back to Japan to join the Nobeyama
Radio Observatory and the East Asia ALMA Regional Center of the Chile Observatory of the National
Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), which operates the ALMA telescope above 5,000 m altitude in
the Atacama Desert of Chile. She served as the pipeline subsystem scientist at ALMA as an assistantprofessor of NAOJ. Now she is an associate professor of the Physics and Astronomy Department and amember of AGARC at Kagoshima University, Japan. She was a visiting research scholar at the National
Radio Astronomy Observatory in the United States.

31

Ryuji Kohno
Professor Emeritus, Yokohama National University, Japan
Vice-President, YRP International Alliance Institute, Japan
Associate Member, Science Council of Japan

Ryuji Kohno received the Ph.D. degree from the University of Tokyo in 1984. He
was a Professor and the Director of Centre on Medical Information andCommunication Technology, in Yokohama National University in Japan for 19982021 and then Professor Emeritus. In his currier he played a part-time role of adirector of Advanced Telecommunications Laboratory of SONY CSL during
1998-2002, directors of UWB Technology and medical ICT institutes of NICT
during 2002-2012. For 2012-2020 he was CEO of University of Oulu ResearchInstitute Japan – CWC-Nippon Co. and since 2020 Vice-President of YRP
International Alliance Institute. The meanwhile for 2007-2020 a distinguishedprofessor in University of Oulu in Finland and since 2006 a member of the Science
Council of Japan. In IEEE he was a member of the Board of Governors ofInformation Theory Society in 2000-2009, and editors of Transactions on Communications, Information
Theory, ITS, IEEE802.15 standardization TG6ma Chair and IEEE Life Fellow. In IEICE he was Vicepresident of Engineering Sciences Society of IEICE during 2004-2005, Editor-in chief of the IEICE Trans.
Fundamentals during 2003-2005 and IEICE Fellow. He is a founder and a chair of steering committee ofinternational symposia of medical information and communication technologies (ISMICT) since 2006. He isa member of the Science Council of Japan since 2006.

32

Yoshiharu Omura
Professor, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Japan
Past Chair, Commission H, URSI

Yoshiharu Omura received Ph.D from Faculty of Engineering of Kyoto
University in 1985. He worked as research associate (1985-1988), associate
professor (1988- 2000), and professor (2000-present) at Kyoto University. He
also worked as NRC senior research associate at NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center (1991-1992). He performed particle simulations and theoretical analysis
of electrostatic solitary waves, and he has been working on nonlinear theory andsimulations of chorus and ion cyclotron emissions and the associatedacceleration and precipitation of radiation belt electrons. He received ZeldovichAward of Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), Commission D, 1992,
Tanakadate Award of Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space
Sciences (SGEPSS), 1996, Science and Technology Award presented by Minister of Culture, Sports, Science,
and Technology in Japan, 2006, and Appleton Prize of URSI, 2017. He was appointed as Academician in
Basic Science of International Academy of Astronautics (IAA), 2019 and Fellow of American GeophysicalUnion (AGU), 2022. He worked for URSI as Vice Chair of commission H (2005-2008), Chair of Commission
H (2008-2011) , and Chair of Long Range Planning Committee (2011-2014). He currently serves as thepresident of Solar and Terrestrial Sciences Section of Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS) (2020 –present).

33

Koichi Ito
Emeritus Professor, Chiba University, Japan
Designated Associate Member, Science Council of Japan; Chair, Commission K, URSI

Koichi Ito was born in Nagoya, Japan. He received the Ph.D degree from Tokyo
Institute of Technology, Japan. He is currently a Professor Emeritus and Visiting
Professor at the Center for Frontier Medical Engineering (CFME), Chiba
University, Japan. He served as Deputy Vice-President for Research andDirector of the CFME, Chiba University.
He was appointed as a Visiting Professor to various universities including
Hiroshima University, Japan. He has also been appointed as an Honorary
Professor of Xidian University, China.
His main research interests include antennas for medical applications, researchon evaluation of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and a humanbody by use of phantoms, and antenna systems for body-centric wirelesscommunications. He has authored and co-authored over 210 peer-reviewed journal papers, nearly 420
international conference papers and over 20 book chapters.
Dr. Ito is a Fellow of URSI, a Life Fellow of IEEE, and a Fellow of IEICE, Japan. He served as an Associate
Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, an AdCom member for the IEEE AP-S, aDistinguished Lecturer for the IEEE AP-S, General Chair of IEEE iWAT2008, a member of the Board of
Directors, the Bioelectromagnetics Society, General Chair of ISAP2012, a Delegate to the European
Association on Antennas and Propagation (EurAAP), a Vice-President of the Japanese Society for Thermal
Medicine, Vice-Chair of URSI Commission K and IEEE AP-S President for 2019. He currently serves as
Chair of Commission K, URSI, an IEEE AP-S AdCom member as a past-president, and Chair of IEEE APS New Technology Directions Committee.
He is the recipient of the 2020 Balthasar van der Pol Gold Medal from URSI.

34

Japan National Committee of URSI 1922-2022
Edited by: Satoshi Yagitani and Kazuya Kobayashi
1. The Science Council of Japan and URSI
In January 1949, the Science Council of Japan (SCJ) was founded, as a special organization of the
Cabinet Oﬃce to represent the country’s scientists both domestically and internationally, under thejurisdiction of the Prime Minister. Its role is to deliberate on and realize important science matters
independently from the government, promote communication of scientiﬁc research, and improve its
eﬃciency.
SCJ consists of 210 Council Members and some 2,000 Associate Members, elected as representativesof the approximately 850,000 scientists nationwide. It conducts activities from a universal perspective anda comprehensive and multifaceted point of view, taking advantage of the fact that it is comprised ofscientists from a broad-range of ﬁelds spanning over humanities and social sciences, life sciences, andphysical sciences and engineering. SCJ’s key activities are the following:••••

Direct recommendations of opinions by Japanese scientists to the government and society.
Contribute to academic promotion in local communities and enhancement of academic societies.
Deepen mutual understanding of science through dialogue with civil society.
Promote international academic exchanges as a leading science academy in Japan.

The SCJ organization comprises a General Assembly, three sections (Section I: Humanities and Social
Sciences; Section II: Life Sciences; Section III: Physical Sciences and Engineering), an Executive Board,
Administrative Committees for Operation, 30 Specialty Committees (depending on the categorization into 30
academic disciplines), and issue centered committees, and auxiliary committees. The details of theorganization of SCJ are depicted in Figure 1.
One of the 30 Specialty Committees is the Specialty Committee on Electrical and Electronic
Engineering, to which the Japan National Committee of URSI (JNC-URSI) belongs, [1, 2].

Figure 1. The organization of the Science Council of Japan (SCJ).

35

References
1. Science Council of Japan, http://www.scj.go.jp/en/index.html.
2. Pamphlets of Science Council of Japan, http://www.scj.go.jp/en/scj/pamphlets.html.
(Kazuya Kobayashi and Satoshi Yagitani)

2. Japan National Committee of URSI
After URSI’s foundation in 1919, the ﬁrst URSI General Assembly (GA) was held in July 1922 inBrussels, Belgium. By this time four URSI Member Committees had been oﬃcially formed in Belgium,
France, United Kingdom, and USA. In 1922 a further ﬁve URSI Member Committees adhered to URSI being
Australia, Spain, Italy, Japan, and the Netherlands, [1].
The Japanese National Committee of URSI (JNC-URSI) was oﬃcially established in 1922 and when
the second URSI GA was held in October 1927 in Washington, D.C., USA, Japan contributed for the ﬁrst
time with Dr. Tsutomu Minohara, Dr. Eitaro Yokoyama, Dr. Toyokichi Nakagami, and Dr. Sannosuke Inada
attending as the oﬃcial delegates [2].
Radio science research and related URSI activities in Japan are conducted under the leadership of JNCURSI, which currently consists of about 200 oﬃcial members nationwide. As a consequence of its
importance it was placed under the supervision of the Science Council of Japan (SCJ) in 1949 when SCJ
was founded by the Government of Japan. Since 1993, when the XXIVth URSI General Assembly was heldin Kyoto, Japan, JNC-URSI has also adhered to The Institute of Electronics, Information andCommunication Engineers (IEICE).
JNC-URSI has made signiﬁcant contributions to various URSI activities since it was established in 1922.
In addition to the research and developments Japan has also contributed to URSI management. In particular
Japanese scientists, have and are currently serving, as URSI Oﬃcials including Honorary President, President,
Vice-President, Assistant Secretary-General, Chairs, Vice-Chairs and Early Career Representatives (ECRs)of Commissions, and members of several Standing Committees.
JNC-URSI is a standing committee of SCJ, but this is reviewed and approved by the SCJ Executive
Board at the beginning of each SCJ term. SCJ is now in its 25th term (three years from October 1, 2020 to
September 30, 2023), and the JNC-URSI’s purpose and agenda are currently:
Purpose of installation
The JNC-URSI is installed under the Special Committee of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in SCJ
Section III, for the purpose that, on behalf of researchers and engineers in the ﬁeld of radio science inJapan, JNC-URSI actively participates in various activities conducted by the URSI Headquarters,
contributes to international collaboration on radio science, and promotes and strengthens radioscience-related activities in Japan.
Agenda items
JNC-URSI deliberates on the following items and takes the necessary actions:i) Collaboration with the URSI Headquarters from various aspects.
ii) Promotion and strengthening of domestic radio-science-related activities.
iii) Preparation and operation of the XXXVth URSI General Assembly and Scientiﬁc Symposium to beheld in August 2023 in Sapporo.
A list of Presidents, Vice-President, Secretaries, and Assistant Secretaries of the JNC-URSI from the
1st to 25th SCJ-terms is provided in Table 1. A list of Japanese URSI Oﬃcials are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
References
1. URSI History: URSI origins, http://www.ursi.org/ursi_history.php#tab-origins.
2. I. Koga, “On Forthcoming General Assembly of URSI,” The Journal of the Institute of ElectricalCommunication Engineers of Japan, 46, 1, January 1963, pp. 1-10 (in Japanese).
(Kazuya Kobayashi, Satoshi Yagitani, and Tsuneki Yamasaki)

36

Table 1. Presidents, Vice-President, Secretaries, and Assistant Secretaries of the Japan National Committeeof URSI (1949 to present).

SCJ-term

Period

1st Term

1949-1951

2nd Term

1951-1954

3rd Term

1954-1957

4th Term

1957-1960

5th Term

1960-1963

6th Term

7th Term

1963-1966

1966-1969

President
Vice-President
Secretary
Assistant Secretary
Yusuke Hagihara------Yusuke Hagihara--Takeshi Nagata
Toshihusa Sakamoto
Takeo Hatanaka--Yusuke Hagihara--Toshihusa Sakamoto
Takeo Seki--Issac Koga--Takeo Hatanaka
Toshihusa Sakamoto
Takeo Seki--Issac Koga--Takeo Hatanaka
Yuichiro Aono
Hisanao Hatakeyama
Sogo Okamura--Atsushi Kimpara--Yuichiro Aono
Sogo Okamura
Masashi Miyaji
Yasuo Taki--Atsushi Kimpara--Mochinori Goto
Hideo Hirose
Sogo Okamura
Yasuo Taki
Tatsuzo Obayashi

SCJ-term

Period14th Term

1988-1991

15th Term

1991-1994

16th Term

1994-1997

17th Term

1997-2000

18th Term

2000-2003

President
Vice-President
Secretary
Assistant Secretaries
Takanori Okoshi--Tomohiro Oguchi
Masato Ishiguro
Nobuo Matuura--Saburo Adachi--Matsuichi Yamada
Tomohiro Oguchi
Tasuku Teshirogi--Yoji Furuhama--Yoshio Hosoya
Tasuku Teshirogi
Isamu Nagano--Yoji Furuhama--Yoshio Hosoya
Kazuo Sakai
Masao Taki--Hiroshi Matsumoto--Yoshio Hosoya
Masao Taki
Kazuya Kobayashi--Hiroshi Matsumoto---

19th Term

2003-2005

Yoshiharu Omura
Masao Taki
Kazuya Kobayashi--Hiroshi Matsumoto---

20th Term

2005-2008

Kazuya Kobayashi

Masao Taki
Yoshiharu Omura

---

37

8th Term

1969-1972

Atsushi Kimpara--Mochinori Goto
Hideo Hirose
Sogo Okamura
Yasuo Taki
Tatsuzo Obayashi

Kazuya Kobayashi--21st Term

2008-2011

Jun-ichi Takada
Satoshi Yagitani
Kazuya Kobayashi
---

---

9th Term

1972-1975

Atsushi Kimpara--Masahide Kamiyama
Yoshihide Kozai
Tatsuzo Obayashi
Yasuo Taki

22nd Term

2011-2014

1975-1978

Atsushi Kimpara--Kenji Akabane
Tatsuzo Obayashi
Bunichi Oguchi
Yoshihide Kozai

23rd Term

2014-2017

1978-1981

Sogo Okamura--Kenji Akabane
Takanori Okoshi
Masaya Yamauchi
Shigeru Yumi
Hiroshi Yokoi

24th Term2017-2020

1981-1985

Haruo Tanaka--Takanori Okoshi
Tomohiro Oguchi
Yoshihide Kozai
Masaki Morimoto
Hisayoshi Yanai

25th Term

1985-1988

2020-2023

Yasuhide Hobara

Keigo Ishisaka
Ryosuke Ozaki---

13th Term

Shinichiro Ohnuki

Yasuhide Hobara
Keigo Ishisaka
Satoshi Yagitani
Kazuya Kobayashi---

12th Term

Satoshi Yagitani
Jun-ichi Takada
Tsuneki Yamasaki
Satoshi Yagitani
---

---

11th Term

Satoshi Yagitani
Jun-ichi Takada
Tsuneki Yamasaki
Kazuya Kobayashi
---

---

10th Term

Tsuneki Yamasaki

Takanori Okoshi--Nobuo Matuura
Masaki Morimoto
Yukio Hayakawa---

38

Table 2. Present URSI Oﬃcials elected from Japan.
PeriodName

Position

2021-present

Makoto Ando

Immediate Past President

2021-Present

Kazuya Kobayashi

Vice-President

Kazuya Kobayashi

Assistant Secretary-General (AP-RASC)

Board of Oﬃcers

Secretariat
2015-present

Commission Oﬃcers (Chairs, Vice-Chairs, Early Career Representatives)
2021-present

Naoki Shinohara

Chair, Commission D

2021-present

Koichi Ito

Chair, Commission K

2021-present

Atsushi Kanno

Vice-Chair, Commission D

2021-present

Motoyuki Sato

Vice-Chair, Commission F

2017-present

Motoharu Sasaki

ECR, Commission F

2017-present

Kensuke Sasaki

ECR, Commission K

Table 3. Past URSI Oﬃcials elected from Japan.
PeriodName

Position

Issac Koga

Honorary President

2017-2021

Makoto Ando

President

1999-2002

Hiroshi Matsumoto

President

1963-1966

Issac Koga

President

2011-2017

Makoto Ando

Vice-President

1995-1999

Hiroshi Matsumoto

Vice-President

1990-1994

Takanori Okoshi

Vice-President

1981-1987

Sogo Okamura

Vice-President

1957-1962

Issac Koga

Vice-President

1928-1946

Hantaro Nagaoka

Vice-President

2017-2021

Kazuya Kobayashi

Chair, Commission B

2014-2021

Yasuhiro Koyama

Chair, Commission A

Honorary Presidents
1981-1983
Presidents

Vice-Presidents

Chairs of Commissions

39

2011-2014

Masao Taki

Chair, Commission K

2008-2011

Takashi Ohira

Chair, Commission C

2008-2011

Yoshiharu Omura

Chair, Commission H

2002-2005

Makoto Ando

Chair, Commission B

2002-2005

Masami Akaike

Chair, Commission C

2002-2005

Makoto Inoue

Chair, Commission J

1999-2002

Yoji Furuhama

Chair, Commission F

1999-2002

Shoogo Ueno

Chair, Commission K

1996-1999

Masashi Hayakawa

Chair, Commission E

1987-1989

Takanori Okoshi

Chair, Commission D

1987-1989

Hiroshi Kikuchi

Chair, Commission E

1987-1989

Hiroshi Matsumoto

Chair, Commission H

1978-1980

Sogo Okamura

Chair, Commission A

1978-1980

Haruo Tanaka

Chair, Commission J

3. URSI Conferences Held in Japan
3.1 URSI General Assemblies
The URSI General Assembly (GA) and subsequently URSI General Assembly and Scientiﬁc
Symposium (GASS) have been held at intervals of three years to review current research trends, present
new discoveries, and make plans for the future research and special projects in all areas of radio science.
The URSI GA has been held twice in Japan. The ﬁrst was the 14th GA held in Tokyo in 1963 and thesecond was the 24th GA held in Kyoto in 1993. The 35th GA is planned to be held again in Japan in 2023
(30 years after the Kyoto GA), and its venue city will be Sapporo [1]. The GAs held in the past are listed on
the URSI website [2].
3.1.1 XIVth URSI General Assembly in Tokyo
The XIVth (14th) GA was held September 9-20, 1963 in the Shinagawa Prince Hotel, Tokyo, [3, 4].
Table 4 shows the number of delegates in terms of URSI Member Committees, totaling 477. Table 5 shows
the number of participants per participant category. As seen from this table, the grand total of participants
including all the categories was 841. The number of URSI Member Committees was 28 before the 1963 GA(see the list of URSI Member Committees in Table 4), but this increased to 32 as a result of approved
membership applications from Argentina, Ghana, Kenya, and China CIE.
3.1.2 XXIVth URSI General Assembly in Kyoto
The XXIVth (24th) GA was held August 23-September 3, 1993 at the Kyoto International ConferenceCenter, Kyoto [5, 6]. The numbers of submitted, accepted, and presented papers were 1600, 1358, and 1331,
respectively. The detailed paper submission statistics in terms of Commissions are provided in Table 6. The
total number of registrants was 1241 (regular: 1037, student: 204). In addition, a total of 113 students wereselected as recipients of the Young Scientist Award (YSA), from among 204 applicants. The detailed
registration statistics are provided in Table 7.

40

Table 4. The number of delegates per URSI Member Committee at GA 1963 in Tokyo.
URSI Member Committee
Australia
Austria
Belgium
CanadaCzechoslovakia
Denmark
FinlandFranceGermany
Greece
India
Italy
Japan
MoroccoNumber of delegates
10
0
4
12
1
1
1
39
15
1
3
11
166
0

URSI Member Committee
Netherlands
New Zealand
NorwayPeru
PolandPortugal
Spain
SwedenSwitzerland
South Africa
United Kingdom
USA
USSR
Yugoslavia

Number of delegates
6
2
1
1
1
0
1
11
3
3
18
144
21
1

TOTAL

477

Table 5. The number of participants per
participant category at GA 1963 in Tokyo.
Participant category

Overseas

Japan

Delegate
Guest observer
Observer appointed
by LOC Japan
Accompanying person
Subtotal
Grand Total

311
4

166
8

0

189

103
418
841

60
423

Table 6. The numbers of submitted, accepted, andpresented papers per Commission at GA 1993 in Kyoto.
Commission

Submitted

Accepted

Presented

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
YS
TOTAL

64
262
145
112
132
132
224
249
145
117
18
1600

62
150
128
93
103
116
209
248
143
88
18
1358

62
143
127
91
102
111
207
245
139
87
17
1331

41

Table 7. The number of registrants per country/region at GA 1993 in Kyoto. The
numbers in parentheses denote the number of registrants who did not show up
onsite.

ARGENTINA

1

1

2

Accompanying
persons
1

AUSTRALIA

25

3

28

5

33
3

Country/region

RegularStudent

Subtotal

Total
3

AUSTRIA

2

1

3

0

BELARUS

0

1

1

0

1

BELGIUM

15

3

18

1

19
6

BRAZIL

5

0

5

1

BULGARIA

2

2

4

0

4

CANADA

22

2

24

3

27

CHINA-CIE(BEIJING)

13

11(1)

24(1)

0

24(1)

CHINA-SRS(TAIPEI)

6

3

9

2

11
1

CYPRUS

01

1

0

CZECH REP.

2

3

5

0

5

DENMARK

8

2

10

0

10

EGYPT

3

1

4

0

4

FINLAND

6

2

8

1

9

FRANCE

62

7(1)

69(1)

8

77(1)

GERMANY

46(2)

7

53(2)

6

59(2)

GREECE

2

1

3

0

3

HON GKONG

1

2

3

0

3

HUNGARY

5

2

7

0

7

INDIA

6

7

13

0

13

IRELAND

1

1

2

0

2

ISRAEL

10

0

10

2

12

ITALY

31

1

32

8

40

JAPAN

395(4)

85(1)

480(5)

7487(5)

MALAYSIA

1

1

2

0

2
16

NETHERLANDS

14

2

16

0

NEW ZEALAND

4

0

4

0

4

NIGERIA

1

2(1)

3(1)

0

3(1)

NORWAY

7(1)

2

9(1)

0

9(1)

PERU

1

0

1

0

1

POLAND

6

1

7

0

7

PORTUGAL

1

0

1

0

1

RUSSIA

31

18

49

1

50

SINGAPORE

0

2

2

0

2

SOUTH AFRICA

5

1

6

2

8

SPAIN

2

2

4

0

4

SRILNKA

0

1

1

0

1

SWEDEN

33

1

34

6

40

SWITZERLAND

5

1

6

1

7

THAILAND

2

0

2

0

2

TURKEY

4

1

5

0

5
59

UK

43

3

46

13

UKRAINE

1

5

6

0

6

USA

207(1)

11

218(1)

43

261(1)UZBEKISTAN

0

1

1

0

1

GRAND TOTAL

1037

204

1241

111

1352

42

3.1.3 XXXVth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium in Sapporo
The XXXVth (35th) GASS will be held August 19-26, 2023 at the Sapporo Convention Center, Sapporo,(see Figure 2), https://www.sora-scc.jp/eng/, and Sapporo Business Innovation Center, Sapporo [1].
Sapporo is the ﬁfth largest city in Japan by population, and the largest city of the northernmost Hokkaido
Prefecture. Sapporo is particularly known outside Japan for having hosted the 1972 Winter Olympics, theﬁrst ever held in Asia. Annually, over 13 million tourists visit Sapporo from other parts of Japan and abroad.
According to TripAdvisor’s 2013 World’s Top 10 Destinations on the Rise rankings, Sapporo is second in Asiaand seventh worldwide. Meanwhile, Hokkaido was named the Best in Asia in 2017 by Lonely Planet.
Summers in Sapporo are generally warm but importantly not humid, and are very comfortable. The averagehigh/low temperatures in Sapporo in July and August are 24.9 °C/17.3 °C and 26.4 °C/19.1 °C, respectively.
The Sapporo area is served by one of the busiest airports in Japan – New Chitose Airport, which can be easily
reached directly from major cities in Asia. New Chitose Airport also provides over 70 ﬂights connecting toTokyo/Narita and Tokyo/Haneda. The Sapporo New Chitose – Tokyo Haneda route has been the busiest air
route in the world since 2006, with more than 10 million passengers carried per year (see Figure 3 for ﬂight
connections to Sapporo). Various useful information on travel to Japan and to Sapporo is available on thewebsites of the Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) [7] and the City of Sapporo [8].
JNC-URSI has appointed Convention Linkage, Inc. http://www.c-linkage.co.jp/en/ as the professional
conference organizer (PCO). We have also set up the GASS 2023 Organizing Committee and the GASS 2023
Steering Committee, and started to make various local arrangements.

Figure 2. The Sapporo Convention Center (GASS 2023 venue).

Figure 3. Flight connections to Sapporo.

43

3.2 URSI Asia-Paciﬁc Radio Science Conferences
The JNC-URSI has made signiﬁcant contributions to regional URSI activities in the Asia-Paciﬁc area.
One of the JNC-URSI’s most important activities is the organization of the Asia-Paciﬁc Radio Science
Conference (AP-RASC) which is held every three years. Like other URSI meetings, the objective of APRASC is to review current research trends, present new discoveries, and make plans for future research andspecial projects in all areas of radio science, especially where international cooperation is desirable. A
particular emphasis was initially placed on promoting various URSI activities in the Asia-Paciﬁc area.
AP-RASC was established based on the initiatives of the JNC-URSI, and was held for the ﬁrst time inTokyo, Japan during August 1-4, 2001. It was a great success with 601 papers and 704 participants from 34
countries/regions [9]. The third AP-RASC (AP-RASC 2010) was held in Toyama, Japan on September 2226, 2010; it was also successful, with 605 registered participants and 529 papers from 31 countries/regions[10]. Figures 4-7 show photographs taken at some of the conference events. The meeting had a very strong
young scientist program consisting of the Student Paper Competition (SPC) and the Young Scientist Award(YSA), which had a great impact to the worldwide URSI community.
In 2016, AP-RASC was renamed as the URSI Asia-Paciﬁc Radio Science Conference (URSI APRASC), and became an URSI Flagship Meeting. At present, there exist three URSI Flagship Meetings that
include the URSI GASS, the URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference (URSI AT-RASC), and URSI APRASC. Since URSI is currently involved in organization of the URSI AP-RASC from various aspects, theconference has been expanding and attracting more international participants. Data on the past AP-RASC
conferences are shown in Table 8.

Figure 4. The AP-RASC 2010 Opening Ceremony. Top (from left): K. Kobayashi, AP-RASC 2010 General
Chair; F. Lefeuvre, President of URSI; T. Ishii, Governor of Toyama Prefecture; H. Matsumoto, Past
President of URSI. Middle: Venue of Opening Ceremony. Bottom (from left): K. Kobayashi, AP-RASC
2010 Conference Chair; H. Matsumoto, Past President of URSI; T. Ishii, Governor of Toyama Prefecture; E.
Takami, Interpreter; P. Lagasse, Secretary-General of URSI; P. Wilkinson, Vice-President of URSI; F.
Lefeuvre, President of URSI.

44

Figure 5. The Young Scientist Reception (SPC ﬁnalists and YSA recipients were invited to join).

Figure 6. The welcome address, conference dinner, and special entertainment at the AP-RASC 2010
Banquet. Top (from left): K. Kobayashi, AP-RASC 2010 General Chair; M. Mori, Mayor of Toyama
City; P. Wilkinson, Vice-President of URSI; P. Lagasse, Secretary-General of URSI. Bottom (from left):
Conference Dinner; Piano Performance by K. Kobayashi, AP-RASC 2010 General Chair.

Figure 7. The awards ceremony at the AP-RASC 2010 Banquet: (a) AP-RASC 2010 Student Paper
Competition; (b) AP-RASC 2010 Young Scientist Award).

45

Table 8. Past AP-RASC Conferences.
Name of Conference(1st) AP-RASC 2001

August 1-4, 2001

Korakuen Campus, Chuo
University, Tokyo, Japan

Statistics
601 papers; 704
participants from 34
countries/regions(2nd) AP-RASC 2004

August 24-27, 2004

Qingdao, China

not known(3rd) AP-RASC 2010

September 22-26, 2010

Toyama International
Conference Center,Toyama, Japan(4th) AP-RASC 2013

September 3-7, 2013

Howard International
House, Taipei, Taiwan(5th) URSI AP-RASC 2016

August 21-25, 2016

Grand Hilton Seoul,
Seoul, South Korea(6th) URSI AP-RASC 2019

March 9-15, 2019

India Habitat Centre,
New Delhi, India

566 papers; 605
registrants from 33
countries/regions
618 papers; 576
registrants from 28
countries/regions
687 papers; 789
registrants from 31
countries/regions
952 papers; 686
registrants from 31
countries/regions

May 29-June 3, 2022

The ExpoMeloneras
Convention Centre,
Gran Canaria, Spain(onsite/online hybrid)(7th) URSI AT-AP-RASC
20221

Dates

Venue

826 papers; 792
registrants from 53
countries/regions

3.3 URSI - Japan Radio Science Meetings
The URSI-JRSM, organized by JNC-URSI, provides a regional scientiﬁc forum for radio scientists
and engineers in Japan and the Asian region with similar objectives to the international meetings. A
particular emphasis is placed on enhancing the visibility of URSI in Asia and encouraging young scientists
to contribute to various URSI activities. The URSI-JRSM covers a wide range of topics in radio science
speciﬁed by the 10 URSI Commissions, A-K.
The ﬁrst URSI-JRSM was held in Tokyo, Japan, on September 8, 2014 [14]. A one-day program wasorganized as plenary sessions with three keynote lectures and ten invited talks from the URSI Commissions
A-K by outstanding researchers from Japan and Asia. The meeting was successful with 204 participants.
The second URSI-JRSM was also held in Tokyo, Japan on September 3-4, 2015 [15], where scientiﬁcsessions were composed of plenary sessions with two keynote lectures, two special lectures and ten invited
talks, and a poster session of contributed papers. The meeting was successful with 132 participants, and 74
papers (14 oral and 60 poster) being presented. The Student Paper Competition (SPC) was organized forfull-time university students in a degree program and was ﬁnancially supported by URSI. Among a total of
13 applicants for the SPC, three ﬁnalists were selected and awarded the ﬁrst, second and third prizes. The
papers by the three SPC awardees were published in the Special Section on URSI-JRSM 2015 Student
Paper Competition in the March 2016 issue of the Radio Science Bulletin (RSB) [16]. A total of 13 papers,
consisting of nine papers based on the keynote lectures, special lectures and invited talks, and four papers
based on poster presentations at URSI-JRSM 2015 were published in a Special Issue of the 2015 URSIJapan Radio Science Meeting in Radio Science [17].
The third URSI-JRSM was again held in Tokyo, Japan on September 5-6, 2019 [18]. The scientiﬁcprograms consisted of plenary sessions with one keynote lecture and ten invited lectures by the ten URSI
Commissions. Oral and poster sessions were arranged by each Commission for invited and contributed
papers, with a total of 75 oral and 78 poster presentations. A number of the topics in the oral sessions
addressed the history and perspective of radio science research in Japan, on the centennial anniversary of
URSI. The meeting was successful with a total of 232 scientists and engineers attending from three
countries. A SPC was organized again and the papers by the three awardees (ﬁrst, second and third prizes)
1
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, URSI AP-RASC 2022 was held combined with URSI AT-RASC 2022, as URSI AT-APRASC 2022.

46

among seven applicants were published in the URSI-JRSM 2019 Student Paper Competition Special Issue
in the March 2020 issue of the RSB [19]. A total of six papers based on the keynote and invited lectures at
URSI-JRSM 2019 were published in a Special Issue of the 2019 URSI-Japan Radio Science Meeting inRadio Science.
The fourth URSI-JRSM was held in Tokyo, Japan on September 1-2, 2022 [20]. As with the previous
URSI-JRSM 2019, it consisted of two keynote lectures, ten invited lectures by the A-K Commissions, oral
sessions and a poster session. The meeting was successful with a total of 201 participants, 68 oral and 50
poster presentations. A total of nine students applied for the SPC, among which the three awardees (ﬁrst,
second and third prizes) were selected whose papers will be published in the URSI-JRSM 2022 Student Paper
Competition Special Issue of the RSB. Two special issues of the 2022 URSI-Japan Radio Science Meetingare planned to be published in Radio Science and URSI Radio Science Letters, which will provide acollection of papers presented at URSI-JRSM 2022.
Figures 8-11 show some photos taken at URSI-JRSM 2014, 2015, 2019 and 2022, respectively.

Figure 8. The URSI-JRSM 2014 Opening Ceremony: (a) Welcome address by K. Kobayashi, URSIJRSM 2014 General Chair. Keynote Lectures: (b) D. Guha, Commission B Chair, India National
Committee of URSI; (c) L.-C. Lee, President, China (SRS) National Committee of URSI; (d) S. Ueno,
Past Chair, URSI Commission K.

Figure 9. (a) Special Lecture by M. Ando, Vice-President, URSI, and (b) Poster Session, at
URSI-JRSM 2015.

Figure 10. (a) Student Paper Competition, and (b) banquet at URSI-JRSM 2019.

47

Figure 11. (a) Opening Ceremony, (b) Student Paper Competition, and (c) Oral session
at URSI-JRSM 2022.

References
1. URSI GASS 2023 Homepage, https://www.ursi-gass2023.jp/.
2. List of General Assemblies, http://www.ursi.org/ursi_general_assemblies.php.
3. I. Koga, “On Forthcoming General Assembly of URSI,” The Journal of the Institute of ElectricalCommunication Engineers of Japan, 46, 1, January 1963, pp. 1-10 (in Japanese).
4. I. Koga, “Looking Back upon XIVth General Assembly of URSI,” The Journal of the Institute ofElectrical Communication Engineers of Japan, 47, 1, January 1963, pp. 8-28 (in Japanese).
5. URSI GA 1993 Organizing Committee, Report on the XXIVth URSI General Assembly, January 1994
(in Japanese).
6. T. Okoshi and S. Adachi, “Report of the 24th General Assembly of the International Union of Radio
Science (URSI),” The Journal of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication
Engineers, 77, 1, January 1994, pp. 36-41 (in Japanese).
7. Travel Japan - Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO), https://www.japan.travel/en/us/.
8. Tourism Sapporo Global Site, http://www2.city.sapporo.jp/global/english/sightseeing/.
9. AP-RASC 2001 Final Program.
http://www.ursi.jp/assets/ﬁles/ap-rasc01/AP-RASC’01%20ﬁnal%20program.pdf.
10. AP-RASC 2010 Homepage, http://www.ursi.jp/assets/ﬁles/ap-rasc10/index.html.
11. URSI-JRSM 2014 Homepage, http://www.ursi.jp/conference/jrsm2014/.
12. URSI-JRSM 2015 Homepage, http://www.ursi.jp/conference/jrsm2015/.
13. K. Kobayashi and S. Yagitani, “Introduction to the Special Section on URSI-JRSM 2015 Student Paper
Competition,”
The Radio Science Bulletin, 356, March 2016, pp. 11-12.
14. URSI-JRSM 2014 Homepage, http://www.ursi.jp/conference/jrsm2014/.
15. URSI-JRSM 2015 Homepage, http://www.ursi.jp/conference/jrsm2015/.

48

16. K. Kobayashi and S. Yagitani, “Introduction to the Special Section on URSI-JRSM 2015 Student Paper
Competition,”
The Radio Science Bulletin, 356, March 2016, pp. 11-12.
17.K. Kobayashi and S. Yagitani, “Introduction to Special Issue of the 2015 URSI‐Japan Radio Science
Meeting,” Radio Science, 52, 4, March 2017, pp. 430-431.
18. URSI-JRSM 2019 homepage, http://www.ursi.jp/conference/jrsm2019/.
19.S. Yagitani and S. Ohnuki, “Introduction to the URSI-JRSM 2019 Student Paper Competition Special
Issue,” The Radio Science Bulletin, 372, March 2020, pp. 10-11.
20. URSI-JRSM 2022 homepage, http://www.ursi.jp/conference/jrsm2022/.

(Kazuya Kobayashi and Satoshi Yagitani)

4. JNC-URSI Report
An important activity of JNC-URSI is to publish the URSI National Report every three years on theoccasion of the URSI GASS. This report provides an extensive summary of radio science research in Japanfor the triennium between the two successive GASS. The National Reports published after 1993 arearchived and available on the JNC-URSI website [1]. The JNC-URSI National Reports were distributed at
the URSI General Assemblies (GA) in Kyoto, Japan (1993), Lille, France (1996), Toronto, Canada (1999),
Maastricht, The Netherlands (2002), New Delhi, India (2005), and Chicago, USA (2008), and for the URSIGASS in Istanbul, Turkey (2011), Beijing, China (2014), Montreal, Canada (2017), and Rome, Italy (2021).
References
1. JNC-URSI National Report, http://www.ursi.jp/doc/national_reports.html.
(Satoshi Yagitani and Kazuya Kobayashi)

5. Issac Koga Gold Medal
Professor Issac Koga was born in Saga, Japan on December 5, 1899. He received the degrees of Bachelor ofEngineering and Doctor of Engineering from Tokyo Imperial University (later renamed as the University ofTokyo) in 1923 and 1930, respectively. He joined the Electrotechnical Research Institute of Tokyo
Municipality in 1923. In 1929 he became Associate Professor, and later Professor in the ElectricalEngineering Department of the Tokyo University of Engineering (later renamed as Tokyo Institute ofTechnology). He moved to the Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Imperial University in 1946, and served as the
Dean of Engineering from 1958 to 1960. In 1960, he was granted the title of Professor Emeritus from The
University of Tokyo and Tokyo Institute of Technology, and joined the Research Laboratories of Kokusai
Denshin Denwa Co. (now KDDI Corporation). He passed away on September 2, 1982.
Professor Koga devoted himself to the research on frequency standards and piezoelectric crystals(Figure 12). The most famous of his inventions is a piezoelectric crystal unit with zero frequency
temperature coeﬃcient, which has been widely used for various applications. The IEEE milestone plaquepresented to Tokyo Institute of Technology in 2017, states:
Invention of a Temperature-Insensitive Quartz Oscillation Plate, 1933
In April 1933, Issac Koga of the Tokyo Institute of Technology reported cutting angles that produced
quartz crystal pates having a zero-temperature coeﬃcient of frequency. These angles, 54° 45' and137° 59', he named R1 and R2 cuts. Temperature-insensitive quartz crystals were used at ﬁrst forradio transmitters and later for clocks, and have proven indispensable to all radio communication
systems and much of information electronics.

49

Figure 12. (a) Professor Issac Koga (1899-1982) and (b) his inventionof a temperature-insensitive quartz oscillation plate.

Figure 13. Memorial stamp of
URSI GA 1963 in Tokyo.

Figure 14. Issac Koga Gold Medal.

Professor Koga became a member of URSI Commission I in 1934, and served as Vice-President of
URSI from 1957 to 1963. He was elected President for the period 1963-1966, and remained a member of theBoard as Past President until l969. The title of Honorary President was conferred on him at the General
Assembly in Washington, D.C. in 1981. When the 14th General Assembly of URSI was held in Tokyo in
1963, he was Chairman of the Organizing Committee, and it was thanks to his great eﬀorts that this event isregarded as one of most successful General Assemblies in the history of URSI (Figure 13).
The Isaac Koga Gold Medal (Figure 14) was established in 1982 commemorating Professor Koga’s
long-time distinguished services to URSI. The Isaac Koga Gold Medal is awarded to a young scientist who
has made an outstanding contribution to any of the branches of science covered by the URSI Commissions.
Candidates must not be older than 35 on September 30 of the year preceding the URSI GASS. The award isfor career achievements of the candidate with evidence of signiﬁcant contributions within the most recent
six-year period. The Issac Koga Gold Medal is presented by the Japan National Committee of URSI on theoccasion of URSI GASS.
(Jun-ichi Takada and Satoshi Yagitani)50

7. Contribution to the URSI Young Scientists Program
The JNC-URSI understands that one of the key activities of URSI is to attract and encourage moreyoung scientists to join various URSI events including GASS. Therefore, it has contributed to the fundingof the Young Scientist Award (YSA) at every GA/GASS since 2002, starting when ﬁnancial support fromICSU and UNESCO terminated. Japan’s ﬁnancial contribution to the YSA at the GASS is shown in Table 9.
(Tsuneki Yamasaki and Kazuya Kobayashi)
Table 9. Financial support for the YSA at GA/GASS.
Year

GA/GASS

Location

Amount of support
(USD)

2002

27th GA

Maastricht, Netherlands

4,000

2005

28th GANew Delhi, India

6,000

2008

29th GA

Chicago, Illinois, USA

6,000

2011

30th GASS

Istanbul, Turkey

6,000

2014

31st GASS

Beijing, China CIE

5,000

2017

32nd GASS

Montreal, Canada

2,000

33rd/34th GASS

Rome, Italy

2,000

2020/2021

8. Large Research Project Plan Selected by the Science Council of Japan
SCJ has accepted a JNC-URSI proposal (as described below) to be part of the SCJ Master Plan 2020
on Large Research Projects [1]. It is one of 146 such projects, and although the result does not mean thatthe project is funded, the master plan serves as a pool of ideas for future research.
The radio spectrum use is administered by ITU in the form of Radio Regulations at the international level,and various services are allocated to the fragmented spectra. Coexistence conditions are described in its
Recommendations. On the other hand, CISPR regulates unwanted radio emissions from electric/electronicequipment through standards. Both parties issue regulations and recommendations to facilitate coexistence,but negotiations are led by diﬀerent stakeholders which results in inconsistent conditions and outcomes. For
example, (1), digital communication systems are robust against the interference from other systems, but thisis not necessarily considered within the coexistence criteria which were established in the analog era. (2), thenumber of new types of equipment with unwanted emission is increasing, but the inclusion of such sources
into the standards lags behind. (3), passive services such as for radio astronomy or earth exploration are very
sensitive and strong protection is needed, while subsurface radar or wireless power transfer requires highpower.
The project plan is entitled, Regulatory science center for the harmonization and coexistence of scientiﬁc andcommercial radio spectrum use (Figure 15). The goal of the project is to experimentally derive objective
coexistence conditions among radio spectrum users for various applications including scientiﬁc use such asradio astronomy, earth exploration satellites and ground penetrating radar, and commercial use such as
mobile communications and wireless power transfer. The JNC-URSI, research community will contribute to
the studies. Regulatory science will be employed as a norm to determine the coexistence conditions among
diﬀerent usages by quantifying the risk and the beneﬁt tradeoﬀ, together with uncertainty and costs. The
center will be equipped with test facilities so that experimental investigations are possible. The center will
be run by a neutral institution such as a university, serving the national and international researchers andstakeholders.

51Figure 15. The regulatory science center for the harmonization and coexistence of
scientiﬁc and commercial radio spectrum use.

References
1. “Recommendation: SCJ 24th-term Master Plan on Large Academic Research Projects (Master Plan
2020),” Subcommittee on Research Plan and Funding, Committee of Scientists, Science Council ofJapan, January 2020 (in Japanese).
(Kazuya Kobayashi and Satoshi Yagitani)

9. Summary and Future Prospects
The Japan National Committee of URSI (JNC-URSI) has taken the lead in conducting radio science
research in Japan since its establishment in 1922. It has also conducted various national and international
URSI activities under the auspices of the Science Council of Japan (SCJ) (since 1949) and The Institute ofElectronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) (since 1993). The JNC-URSI has madesigniﬁcant contributions to various activities of URSI with several Japanese scientists serving as URSI
Oﬃcials. Another important contribution of the JNC-URSI is the establishment of the triennial “Asia-Paciﬁc
Radio Science Conference” (AP-RASC) in 2001, which was substantially expanded as one of the URSI
Flagship Meetings from 2016. Recently the “URSI-Japan Radio Science Meeting” (URSI-JRSM) was
initiated to provide a regional scientiﬁc forum for radio scientists and engineers in Japan and the Asia region.
It should be mentioned that following the 14th General Assembly of URSI in Tokyo, Japan in 1963 and the24th General Assembly of URSI in Kyoto, Japan in 1993, both of which were led to a great success, the35th General Assembly and Scientiﬁc Symposium (GASS 2023) will be held in Sapporo, Japan in 2023.
In the coming decades, the JNC-URSI will continue to coordinate the radio science community in Japan,
and contribute to various URSI activities, including research and supporting international activities. It isparticularly important to attract and encourage young scientists to participate actively in the URSI community,
through the international and domestic URSI conferences, as these young scientists will lead the next
generation of radio science research in Japan and in the world.
(Satoshi Yagitani and Kazuya Kobayashi)

52

Editors and Authors information―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Satoshi Yagitani: Faculty of Electrical, Information and Communication Engineering, Institute of Science andEngineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan, E-mail: yagitani@is.t.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
Kazuya Kobayashi: Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Chuo University,
Tokyo 112-8551, Japan, E-mail: kazuya@tamacc.chuo-u.ac.jp
Tsuneki Yamasaki: Department of Electrical and Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon
University, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan, E-mail: yamasaki.tsuneki@nihon-u.ac.jp
Jun-ichi Takada: School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan,
E-mail: takada@tse.ens.titech.ac.jp―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

53