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GLOSSARY

34

Aerenchymous species

567Aquic

8910

Artificial drainage

111213Aquaculture

1415

Autotrophic respiration

16
17

Blanket bogs

18
19

Bogs

20
21

Chamber based techniques

22
23
24
25

Coastal Wetlands

26
27
28

Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

29
30
31

Created wetlands

32
33

Dams

34
35

Denitrification

36
37

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC)38
39

Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)4041Discharge

Species with morphological structures that enable enhanced gas exchange.
Soils having, or conditions of, restricted drainage leading to period flooding and anaerobic conditions (adaptedfrom Table 2.3 2006GL, footnote).
The removal of free water from soils having aquic conditions to the extent that water table levels are changed
significantly in connection with specific types of land use (definition from USDA, 1999).
A range of practices that are commonly occurring in coastal wetlands, the most important of which are fish
farming and shrimp ponds.
Carbon losses from plant biomass due to internal metabolism (growth and maintenance)
Bogs occupying large expanses of ground and occurring at variable depth
Nutrient-poor peatland
Gas-tight enclosures used to measure net ecosystem CO2 exchange
Organic and mineral soils vegetated by vascular plants that are covered or saturated for all or part of the year bytidal freshwater or salt water (>0.5ppt); the boundary is recognized as the landward extent of tidal inundation andextending seaward to the maximum depth of vascular plant vegetation.
Engineered systems that have been designed and constructed to utilize the natural processes involving wetland
vegetation, soils, and their associated microbial assemblages to assist in treating wastewater.
Land that was previously dry and/or unvegetated that has been converted to a wetland by establishing hydrologic
and/or vegetation characteristic of a wetland.
Constructed barrier that retains water flow
Reduction of nitrate or nitrite to nitrogen gas
Sum of all inorganic carbon species in solution (e.g. carbonate, bicarbonate, carbonic acid, carbon dioxide)
Sum of all organic carbon molecules in solution that are smaller than a defined screen size (typically <45µm)
Release of water in environments; specifically, release of effluent resulting from anthropogenic activities

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44

Ditch

45
46

Drainage47
48

Drainage class49
50

Drainage ditches

51
52

Eddy covariance

53
54
55

Extraction

56
57

Fens

58
59

Fish Ponds

60
61

Flooded Lands

62
63

Flooding

64
65

Floodplain

66
67
68

Freshwater marsh

69
70
71

Freshwater wetlands

72
73
74

Heterotrophic

Small dam, in the field it can be a narrow furrow or trench
The act, process, or mode of draining
The mean annual water table averaged over a period of at least three to five years.
Drainage canals
Micrometeorological method that utlilzes turbulence in vertical flux of air to quantify gas exchange.
Physical removal of biomass or soil involved in the construction of aquacutlure ponds, salt production ponds;
extraction can also have indirect effects on seagrass meadows (Chapter 4).
Nutrient-rich peatland
Type of aquaculture
Lands that are inundated
Overflowing of water on land normally dry
Land adjacent to a stream or river that experiences flooding during periods of high discharge.
Organic and mineral soils with vegetation dominated by marsh species (herbaceous, grass or sedge or shrubs)that are covered or saturated for all or part of the year by freshwater.
Organic and mineral soils vegetated by vascular plants that are covered or saturated by freshwater for all or partof the year.
Generating energy from the assimilation of organic matter and oxygen resulting in a release of CO2; also
heterotrophic respiration

75
76

HSSF

77
78

Hydroperiod

79
80

Hydrologic Diversion

8182

Impoundment

Horizontal subsurface flow type of constructed wetlandInundation frequency, differentiated by permanent and intermittent (see intermittent; inundation)
Water flow or discharge blocked by structures or pumped
Body of water formed by impounding

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Inundated; Inundation

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87
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Mangrove forest

89
90
91

Marshes92
93

Methanogens

94
95

Methanotrophs

96
97

Mineral soil

98
99

Minerotrophic

100
101
102
103
104
105

National Territory

106
107

Nitrification

108
109

Nutrient Enrichment

110
111

Oil and gas extraction

112
113

Ombrotrophic

114
115
116

Oligotrophic

117
118119Organic Soils

1201211) Thickness of organic horizon greater than or equal to 10 cm. A horizon of less than 20 cm must have 12percent or more organic carbon when mixed to a depth of 20 cm;

1221232) Soils that are never saturated with water for more than a few days must contain more than 20 percent
organic carbon by weight (i.e., about 35 percent organic matter); and124

3) Soils are subject to water saturation episodes and have either:

125
126

To be covered by water
Organic and mineral soils vegetated by mangrove species that are covered or saturated for all or part of the year
by tidal freshwater or salt water (>0.5ppt); the boundary is recognized as the landward extent of tidal inundation
Organic and mineral soils vegetated by herbaceous, grass or sedge species that are covered or saturated for all orpart of the year by freshwater, tidal freshwater or salt water (>0.5ppt)
Microorganisms that produce methane
Microorganisms that utilize methane for metabolism
All soils that do not meet the definition of organic soils (see Organic Soils)
Ecosystems supplied by streams or springs, often base-rich and high in nutrients
National inventories include greenhouse gas emissions and removals taking place within national territory andoffshore areas over which the country has jurisdiction. There are some special issues that are described inSection 8.2.1 of Volume 1 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. For example, emissions from fuel use in road transport
is included in the emissions of the country where the fuel is sold and not where the vehicle is driven, as fuel salestatistics are widely available and usually much more accurate.
The microbial oxidation of NH4 to NO3Excess nutrients introduced as a result of anthropogenic activities including aquaculture effluent
Example of a hydrologic/sediment diversion activity that results in coastal subsidence (loss of soil elevation)
Ecosystems supplied with water mainly by precipitation, often acidic and low in nutrients
Trophic class of aquatic ecosystems in which chlorophyll and phosphorus content are low and water clarity ishigh; also nutrient deficient status
In line with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, soils are organic if they satisfy the requirements 1 and 2, or 1 and 3
below:a)At least 12 percent organic carbon by weight (i.e., about 20 percent organic matter) if the soil has noclay; orDRAFT 2013 Wetlands Supplement

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127128b) At least 18 percent organic carbon by weight (i.e., about 30 percent organic matter) if the soil has 60%
or more clay; or129c)

An intermediate proportional amount of organic carbon for intermediate amounts of clay.

130
131

Paludiculture

132
133

Particulate Organic Carbon (POC)

134
135

Peat compaction

136
137

Peat consolidation

138
139

Peat decomposition/oxidation

140
141

Peat extraction

142
143

Peat matrix

144
145

Peat subsidence

146
147
148

Prairie

149
150

Refractory carbon

151
152
153

Rehabilitation

154
155
156

Restoration

157
158
159

Rewetting160
161

Riparian

162
163

Saline wetland

164
165
166

Salt production

Peatland agriculture
Small pieces of organic carbon, larger than Dissolved Organic Carbon
Compression of peat soil resulting in increased bulk density
See peat compaction
Microbial mineralization of peat resulting in products such as CO2, DOC and DIC
See Extraction
The soil of a peatland that includes organic matter in various degrees of humification
The loss in peat elevation resulting from peat compaction and peat oxidation
An extensive area of flat or rolling, predominantly treeless grassland; often considered to be part of thetemperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.
The percent soil carbon does not oxidize within the time scale of the inventory.
The re-establishment, on formerly drained sites, of some of – but not necessarily all - the hydrological,
biogeochemical and ecological processes and functions that characterized pre-drainage conditions
The permanent re-establishment of hydrological and biogeochemical processes characteristic of saturated soils,
as well as of the vegetation cover that pre-dated the disturbance of these areas.
The deliberate action of raising the water table on drained land to re-establish such saturated conditions, e.g. byblocking drainage ditches, disabling pumping facilities or breaching obstructions.
Interface between land and a river/stream.
Wetlands that accumulate salts in soils typically as a result of semi-arid to arid conditions.
Salt exploitation sites or solar salterns where salt is produced by evaporating tidal water and commonlyoccurring in or displacing coastal wetlands

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169
170

Seagrass meadow

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Sediment

173
174
175
176

Semi-natural treatment wetland

177
178

SF

179
180
181

Swamps

182
183
184
185

Tidal freshwater wetlands

186
187
188
189

Tidal marsh

190
191

TOC (total organic carbo n)

192
193

VSSF

194
195
196

Wastewater treatment plants

197
198

Waterborne carbon

199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208

Wetlands

209
210
211

Wetland mineral soil

Organic and mineral soils vegetated by seagrass species that are covered or saturated, for all or part of each tidal
cycle by seawater
Solid fragments of inorganic or organic material that are carried and deposited by wind, water, or ice.
Natural wetland systems that have been modified for wastewater treatment. The modifications made within thesesystems usually are based on increasing the volume reserved (i.e. dams) and constructing channels for targeting
the influent and effluent. These systems can be found in both freshwater and coastal wetlands.
Surface flow type constructed wetland
Organic and mineral soils with vegetation dominated by woody species that are covered or saturated for all orpart of the year by freshwater, tidal freshwater or salt water (>0.5ppt)
Organic and mineral soils with vegetation dominated by tidal vascular plant species (woody, herbaceous, grassor sedge) that are covered or saturated for all or part of the year by tidal freshwater; the boundary is recognized
as the landward extent of tidal inundation
Organic and mineral soils with vegetation dominated by tidal marsh species (herbaceous, grass or sedge) that arecovered or saturated for all or part of the year by tidal freshwater or salt water (>0.5ppt); the boundary is
recognized as the landward extent of tidal inundation
Carbon in organic matter
Vertical subsurface flow type of constructed wetland
A facility designed to receive wastewater and to remove materials that damage water quality and threaten publichealth and safety when discharged into receiving streams or bodies of water
DOC or POC contained in or conveyed by water
Wetlands, as discussed in this supplement, are lands where soil saturation or inundation by water forces the biota,
particularly rooted plants, to adapt to anaerobic processes (GPG 2003: Box 3.2.1 , Keddy 2010, see further Ch.
1.4.1.). These lands include inland wetlands (such as swamps, marshes, fens, peatland, bogs and riparian
environments), coastal and near-shore marine wetlands (such as mangrove forests, tidal freshwater wetlands,
seagrass meadows), and human-constructed wetlands (such as fish ponds, wastewater treatment plants, dams andreservoirs). The IPCC land use category Wetlands includes areas of peat extraction and land that is covered or
saturated by water for all or part of the year (e.g., peatlands) and that does not fall into the Forest Land, Cropland,Grassland or Settlements categories. It includes reservoirs as a managed sub-division and natural rivers and lakes
as unmanaged sub-divisions.
Soils classified as "aquic soils" or "gleysols" according to the default mineral soil classification in Chapter 3,Annex 3A.5, Figures 3A.5.3 & 3A.5.4 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.

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