IPCC Scoping Meetingfor a

Methodology Reporton

Short-Lived Climate Forcers(SLCFs)Report of the IPCC Scoping Meeting
26-28 February 2024, Brisbane, Australia

Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

The IPCC Scoping Meeting on a Methodology report on Short-Lived Climate Forcers (SLCFs) was organized by the IPCC
Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) with support from the Government of Australia. It was held on
26-28 February 2024 in Brisbane, Australia.
This meeting report was prepared by the Co-Chairs of the IPCC TFI (Takeshi Enoki and Mazhar Hayat) and the TFITechnical Support Unit (TSU) and subjected to review by the meeting participants.
Supporting material prepared for consideration by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This supporting
material has not been subject to formal IPCC review processes.

Published by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Hayama, Japan on behalf of the IPCC
© Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2024
Please cite as:
IPCC (2024). IPCC Scoping Meeting on Short-lived Climate Forcers (SLCFs). Eds: Enoki, T., Hayat, M., Sturgiss, R.,
Federici S., Amaro, A., Jamsranjav B., Shermanau P. - Report of the IPCC Scoping Meeting, Pub. IGES, Japan.
IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI)
Technical Support Unit
℅ Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
2108 -11, Kamiyamaguchi
Hayama, Kanagawa
JAPAN, 240-0115
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp

ISBN 978-4-88788-276-8

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Table of Contents
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations................................................................................................................... 5
Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 6
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 7
2. Meeting Discussions and Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 9
2.1 BOG 1: ToR (scope) and ToC for General issues ...............................................................................12
2.2 BOG 2: ToC for Sectoral Issues............................................................................................................14
2.3 BOG 3: ToR, Instructions to Experts and Authors, Workplan ............................................................17
3. Conclusions.................................................................................................................................................... 20
Annexes ............................................................................................................................................................... 21
Annex 1. Terms of Reference (ToR) ...............................................................................................................21
Annex 2. Table of Contents (ToC) ..................................................................................................................23
Annex 3. Instructions to Experts and Authors ..............................................................................................25
Annex 4. Workplan...........................................................................................................................................37
Annex 5. Table of SLCF categories and species ..........................................................................................38
Annex 6. Agenda of the Scoping Meeting .....................................................................................................49
Annex 7. List of Participants...........................................................................................................................51

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Foreword
We are pleased to present this report of the Scoping Meeting for a Methodology Report on Short-Lived Climate Forcers(SLCFs) which was held on 26-28 February 2024 in Brisbane, Australia.
The IPCC, at its 49th Session on 8-12 May 2019 in Kyoto, Japan, decided that the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (TFI) should produce an IPCC Methodology Report on SLCFs following the Appendix A to the Principles
Governing IPCC Work (Decision IPCC-XLIX-7).
Responding to this decision the IPCC TFI carried out an extensive preparatory work during the sixth assessment cycle of
IPCC (AR6) with several Expert Meetings (Joint 1st and 2nd Expert Meeting on SLCFs on 11-22 October 2021 and the 3rdExpert Meeting on SLCFs on 11-15 April 2022, both held virtually). The Expert Meetings aimed to prepare supporting
materials for the scoping process: including the listing of relevant SLCF species, the identification of available sources ofmethods, associated emission factors (EFs) and ancillary parameters to estimate SLCF emissions and the identification ofknowledge gaps.
The first step in the development of a Methodology Report on SLCFs has been to convene the Scoping Meeting to produce
an outline of the Methodology Report on SLCFs in accordance with the IPCC procedures. Preparation of the Scoping
Meeting started in May 2023 with a call for nomination of experts which was issued to IPCC Member States and Observer
Organizations. Invitees to the meeting were selected by the Bureau of TFI (TFB) from the nominations received withassistance of the TFI Technical Support Unit (TSU) on the basis of their expertise while addressing geographicalrepresentation and gender balance. The participants successfully completed the task by agreeing the title and the format of
the Methodology Report on SLCFs and by producing the 3 documents needed for the scoping of the Report: the Table ofContents, the Term of Reference, and the Instructions to Experts and Authors.
The participants also identified a detailed list of categories and associated SLCF species that are sources of significant
emissions or whose emissions are expected to grow significantly in the near future.
The three documents have been then considered and agreed by the TFB, at its 36th meeting, and will be submitted to the
IPCC for its deliberation at the 61st Session (IPCC-LXI), from 26 July to 2 August 2024, in Sofia, Bulgaria.
We would like to thank all those involved in this meeting, namely, the experts who participated, the members of TFB, andthe members of TSU, for their contribution to make this meeting a success. In particular, we would like to express our
sincere gratitude to the Government of Australia and its Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water
for their generous support in hosting this meeting.

Takeshi Enoki
Co-ChairTask Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Mazhar Hayat
Co-ChairTask Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

4List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AD

Activity Data

AFOLU

Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use

AR

IPCC Assessment Cycle

BC

Black Carbon

BOG

Break-out Group

EEA

European Environment Agency

EF

Emission Factor

EFDB

Emission Factor Database

EMEP

European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme

GHG

Greenhouse Gas

HWP

Harvested Wood Product

IPCC

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPPU

Industrial Processes and Product Use

KCA

Key Categories Analysis

NMVOC

Non-Methane Volatile Organic CompoundOC

Organic Carbon

PM2.5

Particulate Matters with a diameter less than 2.5 micron

SLCFs

Short-lived Climate Forcers

TFB

IPCC Task Force Bureau

TFI

Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

ToC

Table of Contents

ToR

Terms of Reference

TSU

Technical Support Unit

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

US EPA

Unites States Environmental Protection Agency

VOC

Volatile Organic Compound

WG

IPCC Working Group5

Executive Summary
The IPCC, at its 49th Session on 8-12 May 2019 in Kyoto, Japan, decided that the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (TFI) should produce an IPCC Methodology Report on Short Lived Climate Forcers (SLCFs) (Decision IPCCXLIX-7).
The goal of this Scoping Meeting was to prepare a proposal for the further consideration of the IPCC Plenary comprising:••••

the title and format of a Methodology Report on SLCFs;
Terms of Reference (ToR);
Table of Contents (ToC); andInstructions to Experts and Authors and also to take note of the draft Work plan for the preparation of the
Methodology Report.

To achieve these aims participants of the Scoping Meeting took into account the results and supporting materials of the
preparatory Expert Meetings held in 2021 and 2022 and built on working draft documents prepared by the Task Force inInventories Technical Support Unit (TSU).
The Meeting worked in 3 break-out groups (BOGs) to produce drafts of the following documents: the BOG1 on ToR (Scope)and on ToC (General Issues (Volume 1)); BOG2 on ToC Sectoral Issues (Volume 2-5: Energy, IPPU, AFOLU, Waste)
including a detailed list of categories, and associated SLCF species, that are sources of significant emissions or whose
emissions are expected to grow significantly in the near future; and BOG3 on ToR (Approach) and Instructions to Experts
and Authors.
At its closing Plenary the Scoping Meeting agreed on the title and format of the Methodology Report. The title agreed was
2027 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Short-lived Climate Forcers (2027
Supplement on SLCFs) and the format in line with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
The Meeting also finalised the documents prepared by the BOGs (ToR, ToC, Instructions to Authors) and agreed to forward
these to the IPCC Task Force on Inventories Task Force Bureau (TFB) for its further consideration.

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1. Introduction
Formal background
The IPCC, at its 49th Session on 8-12 May 2019 in Kyoto, Japan, decided that the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (TFI) should produce an IPCC Methodology Report on short lived climate forcers (SLCFs) following the Appendix
A to the Principles Governing IPCC Work (Decision IPCC-XLIX-7).
In Annex 1 to the decision ‘approach’, ‘output and timeline’ and ‘required activities’ are defined as follows:
Approach:- The preparatory work for the Methodology Report (including supporting materials and scoping) is completed
as soon as possible, starting in the AR6 cycle. Followed by further methodological development in the AR7
cycle.
Output and Timeline:- Expert Meetings will produce a series of supporting materials to be published after each meeting but no later
than 2022.
- These supporting materials will be used to inform the scoping of methodological work for SLCF.
- The Scoping Meeting will take into consideration the work on SLCF underway in the reports of Working GroupI and III
- The outline will be presented for approval to the Panel soon after the Scoping Meeting.
Required Activities:- Technical analysis work by TSU with other experts.
- 3-4 Expert Meetings- Scoping Meeting- Approval of outline by the Panel
In accordance with the agreement by the IPCC Panel at its 53bis Session (IPCC-LIIIbis) held in electronic format on 22-26
March 2021 the Scoping Meeting and subsequent approval for the IPCC Methodology Report on SLCFs was moved to theAR7 cycle.

Preparatory Work on SLCFs in AR6
The COVID-19 pandemic brought interference into the IPCC schedule and activities of all Working Groups and TFIpreventing in-person meetings in the years 2020, 2021 and winter 2022. Following TFB’s deliberations and decisions (TFB32 and TFB-33), the two planned Expert Meetings for the year 2020 were held jointly as a virtual meeting in October 2021
(the 1st and 2nd Joint Expert Meeting on SLCFs) while the two Expert Meetings originally planned for 2021 were limited to asingle Expert Meeting held virtually in April 2022 (the 3rd IPCC Expert Meeting on SLCFs).
To support the work at Expert Meetings TSU carried out a technical analysis of the main methodologies available on SLCFs– developed by EMEP/EEA, the US EPA and UNEP. This analysis was presented in the form of tables including
categorization of SLCFs sources of emissions, methodological information, and assessments of EF and AD availability foreach of the identified source categories.
This technical work was shared with experts invited to the Joint 1st and 2nd Expert Meetings through a desk-work processcommencing in March 2021. Feedback received from experts was compiled by TSU and analysed in a series of sectoral
documents for Energy, IPPU, AFOLU and Waste in June 2021.
The Joint 1st and 2nd IPCC Expert Meeting on SLCFs in relation to methodologies on Energy, IPPU, AFOLU and Waste
sectors was held virtually on 11-22 October 2021. The meeting discussed relevant SLCF emission source categories andassociated SLCF species as well as available methodologies and datasets of SLCF emissions with the aim of identifying acomplete list of source categories and associated SLCFs. The meeting also discussed knowledge gaps and some crosscutting issues. The meeting report is published on the TFI website at: https://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/mtdocs/2110_SLCF.html
The 3rd Expert Meeting on SLCFs was held virtually on 11-15 April 2022. As per deliberation at TFB-33, the meeting
considered the relevant information on SLCFs in WGI and WGIII contribution to the AR6 as well as discussed cross-cutting
issues on definitions and relevance of SLCFs species, methodological inventory issues (key category analysis, time series,7etc.) as well as data gaps and SLCF categories list. The Expert Meeting produced a list of SLCF species with their definitions
and information on their relevance for an emission inventory, a compilation of general inventory issues relevant for an SLCF
emission inventory, a list of SLCF categories and a list of information gaps for an SLCF emission inventory. The meeting
report is published on the TFI website at: https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/mtdocs/2204_SLCF_EM3.html. The
meeting reports were intended to inform the scoping of the Methodology Report on SLCFs as well as the work of authorsof that Report during the AR7 cycle.
Scoping Meeting
The nomination letter for the Scoping Meeting for a Methodology Report on SLCFs was sent by IPCC Secretariat to the
IPCC Focal Points and Observer Organisations on 5 May 2023. The TSU collected nominations until the end of August
2023, resulting in 141 experts nominations by 46 National Focal Points, Observer Organisations and Bureau Members.
The Scoping Meeting for a Methodology Report on SLCFs was held on 26-28 February 2024, followed by the 36th meetingof TFB, on 29 February-1 March 2024 in Brisbane, Australia.
The Scoping Meeting was attended by 57 experts, 11 members of TFB, and 8 members of TSU. The work was carried out
in Plenary sessions and in break-out groups (BOGs).
The Agenda as adopted is presented in Annex 6 and the list of participants in Annex 7.
The Scoping Meeting was tasked to consider and conclude on the title and format of the Methodology Report and to prepare
draft Terms of Reference (ToR), draft Table of Contents (ToC), draft Instructions to Experts and Authors for the Methodology
Report.
Working drafts of these documents were prepared by the TSU to support the work of participants.
Discussions and conclusions of the meeting are summarized in this report; the above-mentioned draft documents arepresented in the Annexes 1-4.

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2. Meeting Discussions and Conclusions
Organisation
The Scoping Meeting for a Methodology Report on SLCFs was organized in three Plenary sessions and a parallel work inthree Break-out groups (BOGs).
The first Plenary session was intended to introduce the background and objectives of the meeting as well as to discuss
the title and format of the Methodology Report, in order to develop a common understanding of scope of the task; thesecond Plenary session was aimed at taking stock of the progress of work of the BOGs and to discuss cross-BOG issues;
the final Plenary session concluded on the title and format and on the documents: ToR, ToC, Instructions to Experts andAuthors.
The following three BOGs were organized:
1. BOG1 – General inventory issues, in ToC and ToR;
2. BOG2 – Sectoral issues (Energy, IPPU, AFOLU, Waste) in ToC, including a detailed list of categories andassociated SLCF species that are sources of significant emissions or whose emissions are expected to growsignificantly in the near future; and3. BOG3 – ToR, Instructions to Experts and Authors and Workplan.
Discussion
The Scoping Meeting started with a welcome address from Ms. Melanie Ford, Branch Head, National Inventory Systems
and International Reporting branch of the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water of theGovernment of Australia, followed by opening remarks from IPCC TFI Co-Chair Mr. Takeshi Enoki on behalf of himself andhis fellow Co-Chair Mr. Mazhar Hayat (was not present in the meeting).
The opening session was followed by presentations from TSU. Mr. Rob Sturgiss introduced IPCC TFI and Mr. Sandro
Federici explained the background, objectives and organization of the meeting. Mr. Pavel Shermanau gave a presentation
on preparatory work done during the previous IPCC AR6 cycle. Ms. Baasansuren Jamsranjav gave a presentation on the
expected outcomes of the Scoping Meeting. The presentations highlighted that the outcomes of the Scoping Meeting are
the main elements of the proposal for a Methodology Report on SLCFs that the TFI will present to the IPCC61 session, for
its consideration and approval.
Then Mr. Takeshi Enoki presented three options for the title and format of the Methodology Report on SLCFs:- Option A: Stand-alone independent Methodology Report
Title: 2027 IPCC Guidelines for National Short-lived Climate Forcers inventories
Format: to be defined- Option B: Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Title: 2027 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Short-lived Climate
Forcers
Format: as of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines- Option C: Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Title: 2027 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Short-lived Climate
Forcers
Format: as of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
It was clarified that the reference to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories includes the 2013
Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands (Wetlands Supplement) andthe 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2019 Refinement).
Option A was considered to require the largest amount of work to authors and is prone to the risk of producing guidance
inconsistent with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.

9Option B would not produce a stand-alone Methodology Report, while ensuring its full consistency with the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines and it is consistent with UNFCCC decision 18/CMA.11.
Option C would ensure that the Methodology Report is necessarily consistent with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, and a standalone Methodology Report would be produced.
The participants discussed the options, their pros and cons, the meaning of the words supplement and refinement, andconcluded on the importance of overall consistency between the Methodology Report on SLCFs and the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines.
Then participants split in 3 BOGs. Each BOG discussed and produced its inputs for the final Plenary on the documents
listed below:• Terms of Reference (ToR) - The ToR sets out the background, the scope and coverage, the approach and a work
plan for the production of the Methodology Report.
A working draft was provided to participants, as produced by TSU on the basis of the ToRs for the 2019 Refinement
and the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
Participants discussed SLCF-specific issues, in particular:i)inclusion of H2 and PM2.5 into the scope of the Methodology Report;ii)
speciation of NMVOCs;
iii)
inclusion of natural background of bio-NMVOCs from vegetation; andiv)
spatial distribution and temporal resolution of SLCF emissions.
• Table of Contents (ToC) – The ToC sets the aggregated outline for chapters of the Methodology Report.
A working draft was provided to participants, as produced by TSU on the basis of the ToCs for the 2019 Refinement
and the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
Participants discussed in particular the level of aggregation in volume and chapters and given the specificity of somecross-cutting guidance, the need to a more detailed information for Volume 1.
• Draft Instructions to Experts and Authors - These instructions to experts and authors are intended to ensure a
consistent and coherent approach across all methodologies, volumes and chapters, including the use of common
terminology.
A working draft was provided to participants, as produced by TSU on the basis of the previous Methodological
Reports, including the 2019 Refinement.
Participants discussed in particular:(i)the need of authors to provide TSU with all data used to elaborate IPCC defaults;(ii)
the use of already available methodological guidance in producing the IPCC methods and EFs;(iii)
derivation of BC/OC emissions from PM2.5 emissions; and(iv)
identification of key categories, without a common metric applicable across SLCF and GHG species, andassociated decision trees.
• Draft Work Plan – the Workplan shows the timeline for production of the Methodology Report and it was noted withappreciation.

1 paragraph 20 “Each Party shall use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, and shall use any subsequent version or refinement of the IPCC guidelines agreed

upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA)…”

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The discussion of elements within the three BOGs is presented in more detail in the following sub-sections 2.1-2.3.
On crosscutting topics, the Plenary agreed that:oGiven the specificity of SLCF emissions in terms of climate change impacts, as well as their direct impacts
on health, the ToC of Volume 1 includes information on elements the authors should ensure to include in
the relevant chapters.

o

H2 should be included as a species in the scope of the Methodology Report given the potential importanceof the hydrogen technology in future emission mitigation efforts2; ando

H2 and NH3 should be included among fuels, and H2 among reducing agents in IPPU.

Inclusion of PM2.5 as a directly targeted SLCF species was discussed extensively. However, no consensus wasreached on the inclusion of PM2.5 as a targeted SLCF species per se.
Some participants considered inclusion of the aggregate PM2.5 emissions out of scope of the list of targeted SLCF
species while other participants argued in favor of including PM2.5 to ensure transparency and full scientific rigor inestimating BC/OC from PM2.5.
Participants did agree that emissions of PM2.5 is a relevant measurement from which to derive BC/OC emissions andthus Instructions to Experts and Authors are given to request reporting of ancillary information on PM2.5 emissions
when BC/OC emissions are derived as a fraction of PM2.5 as well as to report PM2.5 emissions to verify estimates of
BC/OC when those are not derived from PM2.5 (paragraph 46 of Instructions to Experts and Authors).
The different views for inclusion/exclusion of PM2.5 as a targeted SLCF species in an inventory of anthropogenic,
primary emission sources include:oPM2.5 per se is not included in the list of short-lived climate forcers provided in Chapter 6 of the WGI AR6
Report: only the BC/OC elements are included. Some PM2.5 may not contain BC/OC.

o

Although PM2.5 concentrations in the atmosphere have a direct climate effect these are largely alreadycovered by the targeted species identified in its primary emissions component - BC, OC and NMVOCs. In
these circumstances, the inclusion of PM2.5 as a targeted species is partly redundant or superfluous.

oPM2.5 also includes secondary inorganic aerosols - as SO4, NO3, NH4 - and organic aerosols that are notconsistent with an inventory limited to anthropogenic, primary emissions of SLCFs.

o

In the Joint 1st and 2nd Expert meeting on SLCFs it was noted that PM 2.5 is considered a SLCF highly
heterogeneous spatially and temporally (varying from positive to negative RF depending on sources andmeteorological characteristics). The PM2.5 concentration is the proxy for the radiative impact of all kinds ofparticles. Given that most BC and OC EFs are expressed as fraction of PM2.5, the participants of this BOG
decided to include primary PM2.5 in the list of emissions to be estimated not only because it is a SLCF but
as an intermediate variable often needed to estimate BC and OC emissions.
In the 3rd Expert Meeting on SLCFs it was noted that particles larger than PM 1.0 will have some climatic
impact, but have less impact per gram for physical reasons (optics, nucleation) and shorter lifetimes.
Reporting PM2.5 [as ancillary data] would improve transparency of the BC and OC estimates.
PM2.5 is considered to be an air pollutant and reporting on PM2.5 would benefit the issues related to air quality
and health, although PM2.5 was not assessed to be a SLCF species per se in the WGI AR6 report.

ooMaterials
The Scoping Meeting presentations (from TSU and BOGs) are available together with this report at the IPCC-TFI website:
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/ .
Note that BOG presentations were delivered on the second day of the meeting and so reflect preliminary discussions in
the BOGs and do not reflect the final status of consideration of the BOGs of the elements assigned.

2 Noting that hydrogen has only an indirect impact on the greenhouse effect through changes in the atmospheric chemistry, as reduced CH 4 oxidation,

as increased tropospheric O3 concentrations and as increases in stratospheric water vapour.

112.1 BOG 1: ToR (scope) and ToC for General issues
Co-facilitators: Thelma Krug and Ole-Kenneth Nielsen
Rapporteur: Vigdis Vestreng
The participants of BOG1 discussed:-

Terms of Reference (ToR) for a Methodology Report on SLCFs (limited to the scope)-

Table of Content for a Methodology Report on SLCFs (limited to Volume 1 – General Guidance and Reporting)In the working draft of ToR, the participants concluded on the following elements to add/modify to the working draft provided
by TSU in the section on Coverage:-

include H2 and to require the total amount of PM2.5 emitted when BC and/or OC are derived from PM2.5 measured
emissions. No consensus was derived at this point on whether to include PM2.5 as an species in itself or only for
BC/OC emitting sources.

-

NMVOCs to be provided as an aggregate, although at higher tiers speciation should be considered.

-

Clarify that sources to be included are those for which scientific evidence is available.

-

Clarify that although spatial distribution is national and time resolution is annual, authors should provide guidanceon further spatial and temporal disaggregation.

In the working draft of ToC, the participants concluded on the following elements to add/modify to Chapters in the working
draft provided by TSU:-

A chapter on precursors and indirect emissions is out of scope given that only primary emissions are within the scopeof the Methodology Report on SLCF.

-

Introduction should include: Background on SLCFs and their importance for climate, Key differences between SLCFs
and well Mixed GHGs emissions, Holistic approaches to SLCFs and the importance of co-emitted species, Spatial
distribution and temporal resolution and relevance to climate effects, Interlinkages with air pollution and health,Interlinkages with meteorology, Importance of technologies and abatement technologies.

-

Approaches to Data Collection should include: Spatial distribution and temporal resolution, Measurement techniques,
NMVOCs speciation, Technologies and Abatement technologies.

-

Timeseries consistency should include: Addressing changes in measurement techniques, Addressing changes intechnologies, including for abatement.
-

QA/QC and Verification should include: Consistency with co-emitted GHGs and SLCFs, Comparison with
global/regional inventories, Comparisons with atmospheric observations and models.

During the work, BOG1 discussed several issues/questions.
Species:I.

In defining SLCF species, which criteria should be used to select NMVOCs to be estimated and reported, given thatthey are rather aggregate of species rather than single species?
Those NMVOCs that are practically feasible, those co-emitted, those with higher climate impact (through productionof O3 in the troposphere), those semi-volatile and not aggregated.
Speciation of NMVOCs to be suggested for higher tiers, while for Tier 1 EF to be provided for total VOCs, ensuring
availability of AD for Tier 1 VOCs.

II.

Is H2 to be added to the list of species? Is any further species to be added?
Emissions of H2 expected to be significant in the next future, although not well-assessed by IPCC WGI yet, forexample, H2 was mentioned in IPCC AR5 WGI, 8.SM.14 Metric Values for Other Near-Term, Climate Forcers to
Support Section 8.7.2.
12

III.

Should indirect emissions, of e.g. O3 and secondary aerosol, be considered?
No, the scope is to be limited to primary emissions only.
However, PM2.5 emissions to be considered by authors to derive BC/OC EFs; although, where practicable, authors
should provide guidance and EFs for BC/OC according to both approaches: as BC/OC emissions or as a fraction of
PM2.5 emissions. Further, EFs should be provided stratified by technologies, where practicable. Finally, guidance toensure consistency/mass balance among different carbonaceous components of emissions should be provided.

Definitions:IV.

Shall definitions contained in the 2019 Refinement be applied to the SLCF supplement, while adding any new
definition needed? (e.g. Should the occurrences of the adjective “anthropogenic” be further clarified on the basis of
guidance provided in the 2019 Refinement?)
Context: while the managed land proxy qualifies as anthropogenic C stock changes, and associated GHG emissions and CO2 removals,
occurring on managed land as anthropogenic, not all non-CO2 GHG fluxes from a managed land are reported in a national GHG inventory.
For instance, N2O emissions from soils are limited to the additional quantity of N2O emitted as consequence of human activities; this is because
the aim of a national GHG inventory is to capture the perturbation caused by human activities in the biogeochemical cycles of GHG and theirprecursors.

V.

How should the definition of anthropogenic emissions apply to NMVOCs from natural vegetation and from cultivatedvegetation (e.g. forest/tree plantations)?
Natural background emissions of SLCFs, as biogenic VOCs from any vegetations (excluding from fires) in managed
land should be excluded from the inventory.

VI.

Black carbon originated from burning of biomass and dead mass is a carbon transfer to a long-term sequestration C
pool, should this be counted, and thus reported, in a national inventory?
This is considered a non-significant process and thus not requested to be included within the scope of the
Methodology Report.

Key Category Analysis (KCA):
VII.

2006 IPCC Guidelines applies the KCA by applying a common metric to all GHGs emissions and removals; while
Expert Meetings conducted during AR6 concluded that KCA for SLCF emissions is to be done species by species
without a common metric. Is such conclusion to be applied to the Report?

VIII.

Where a positive answer applies, should the threshold of KCA be revised to avoid overburdening countries withSLCF reporting and to ensure that SLCF emissions estimates are not prioritized over GHG estimates?

IX.

Where the threshold is to be revised, should also the “25-30% rule” (i.e., a significant sub-category is one that makes
up more than 25-30% of emissions from a category) be revised? Note that conclusions taken on KCA and the significancecriteria shall be implemented in the ToR text.
Conclusions reached in AR6 cycle are recognised as valid. Thresholds are to be reviewed and/or revised to avoid
the qualification of too many categories as key (overburdening inventory compilers).

Space/Time/Feature:
X.

Do we need guidance on spatial and temporal distribution of SLCF estimates? (How to provide for voluntary implementation

XI.

The nature of the SLCF sources (e.g. stationary vs mobile) determine spatial and temporal differences in emissions,should guidance be provided on the impact on SLCF lifetime of such difference?

of disaggregated estimates at sub-annual and sub-national temporal and spatial distribution, with considerations on data needs and reporting
requirements)

While default approach should stay on national emissions within an annual time period, for higher approaches
authors should provide additional methodological information, where practicable, on temporal resolution and spatial
distribution.
SLCF-specific guidance:
XII.

What is SLCF specific guidance in relation to general inventory issues:

Participants concluded that new guidance is to be limited to SLCF-specific elements, while general guidance applies
unchanged. Thus, authors, should add SLCF-specific guidance, if any, in additional sections within the current structure inchapters of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and its 2019 Refinement.
13

2.2

BOG 2: ToC for Sectoral Issues

Co-facilitators: Songli Zhu and Vincent Camobreco
Rapporteur: Dan Zwartz
The participants of BOG2 discussed the working draft of TOC for Energy, Industrial Process and Product Use (IPPU),
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) and Waste sectors.
During its work, BOG2 discussed several issues/questions and looked into the supporting material “List of SLCF Categories
and Species” which was one of the outcomes of the Expert Meetings on SLCFs held in 2021 and 2022.
To support its discussions, the BOG2 also looked at the reports of the Expert Meetings on SLCFs held in 2021-2022.

Sectoral issues/questions considered:EnergyQ1. Do we need to disaggregate Fugitive Emissions?
A1. Not in the draft Table of Contents (recognising that they are disaggregated in the List of Categories and Species, andwill be addressed separately in the methods and reporting).
Q2. Do we need a chapter/category on capture and storage of SLCF emissions?
A2. No.
Q3. Shall NH3 and/or H2 be added as fuel?
A3. Yes, both NH3 and H2. Added categories to 1.B.3 (Other emissions from Energy Production) to include fugitive emissions
from new fuels. See the List of SLCF Categories and Species (highlighted with yellow and with red font).



IPPU

Q1. Should Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use be disaggregated (e.g., Solvent Use)?
A1. No, not in the draft TOC. For simplicity, and because the subcategories don’t demand dramatically different author
recruitment.
Q2. Should Other categories be specific/disaggregated (e.g., Pulp and Paper Industry)?
A2. No, not in the draft TOC. For simplicity, and because the subcategories don’t demand dramatically different author
recruitment.



AFOLU

Q1: Are additional Wetlands categories relevant (e.g., Aquaculture)?
A1. No changes needed to these categories. The activities are addressed in the Wetlands Supplement, and authors may
consider developing methods to estimate SLCF emissions.
Q2: Category 3.C.4 deals with direct N2O emissions from managed soils. Should new categories for NOx and NH3 emissions
be added?

14

A2. Retained conclusion from Expert Meetings 1 & 2. Following the report of Expert Meetings 1 & 2, the existing IPCC
category name cannot be changed, but new disaggregated categories for NOx and NH3 emissions could be added. The
report should develop methods for the SLCF species, not for N2O.
Q3: Category 3.C.5 deals with indirect N2O emissions from managed soils. Should it instead deal with NOx and NH3emissions and associated indirect N2O emissions? Note that FracGASM and FracGASF in Table 11.3 of the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines calculate emissions of NOx and NH3 as a sum.
A3. Retained conclusion from Expert Meetings 1 & 2. Following the report of Expert Meetings 1 & 2, the existing IPCC
category name cannot be changed, but new disaggregated categories for NOx and NH3 emissions could be added. The
report should develop methods for the SLCF species, not for N2O.
Q4: Shall we specify/disaggregate Other categories? (See the List of SLCF categories and species)
A4. Authors to consider whether these subcategories could be moved to relevant subsectors or retained as a group in thesubcategory 3.D.2 Other.



Waste

Q1. Should NOx emissions from decomposition of waste at solid waste disposal sites be included?
A1. Leave to the authors. Not discussed in previous Expert Meetings; no experts present here.
Q2. Should SLCFs emissions (e.g., NH3, NMVOC) from constructed wetlands (CWs) used for wastewater treatment be
included?
A2. Leave to the authors. Not discussed in previous Expert Meetings; no experts present here.
Q3. Should 4.B Biological Treatment of Solid Waste category be disaggregated into 4.B.1 Composting and 4.B.2 Anaerobic
Digestion?
A3. Not in the draft TOC. Yes, added to List of Categories and Species.
Q4. Should NOx emissions for anaerobic digestion be included?
A4. Yes, added to list (replaced “?” with “X”) in the List of Categories and Species.

The BOG2 looked into the List of SLCF Categories and Species for all sectors and suggested some changes including
additional categories added for consideration by authors of the Methodology Report on SLCFs (e.g., 2.E Electronic Industry
and 2.G Other Product Manufacture and Use for IPPU sector) and new categories added under 1.B.3 Other Emissions fromEnergy Production to include fugitive emissions from new fuels (BOG2 agreed to include NH3 and H2 as fuel).
Furthermore, as suggested by BOG1, H2 is added as a species in the List SLCF Categories and Species. The BOG2 went
through the list of categories for all sectors/categories and indicated the categories which could/might be relevant to H 2emissions. However, the authors should decide what categories are relevant or have enough information to determine
methodologies for H2 emissions.
The BOG2 also provided other comments/suggestions including those for consideration by authors (see Comments columnof Annex 5. List of SLCF Categories and Species). However, the authors should also consider what categories are relevantor have enough information to determine methodologies for specific SLCF emissions.

The BOG2 worked on draft sectoral TOC, based on its discussions the BOG2 agreed to the working draft sectoral TOC
adding Stationary Combustion and Mobile Combustion instead of Fuel Combustion Activities.

15

Outcomes of BOG2 were presented at Plenary session on Day 3:-

Draft ToC-

List of SLCF Categories and Species-

Considered issues/questions

During the Plenary, participants agreed to indicate NH3 and H2 as a species for new category 1.B.3.c.i Transmission andStorage.

16

2.3

BOG 3: ToR, Instructions to Experts and Authors, Workplan

Co-facilitators: Jongikhaya Witti and Dario Gomez
Rapporteur: Patricia Krecl
The participants of BOG3 discussed the working drafts of the following documents:-

Terms of Reference (ToR) for a Methodology Report on SLCFs
Instructions to Experts and Authors
Workplan.

In the working draft of ToR, the participants suggested to improve/clarify the following.
-

Scope: Anthropogenic emissions should include only primary emissions and not include secondary human-induced
substances.
Coverage: i) All fluorinated gases should not be included in the Methodology Report, without specifying onlyhydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). ii) Geographical and temporal coverage is national and annual level, and authors
should also consider guidance on spatial and temporal disaggregation of SLCF emissions.
Approach: some minor text improvements were introduced.

In the working draft of Instructions to Experts and Authors, the participants suggested to improve/clarify the following.
-

Literature: text regarding electronic copies was added.
Definitions: The term “Key categories” was added.
Emission factors and methods: The paragraph on double-counting of carbon was added.
Decision tree: Another example was suggested.
Appendix: the content of appendix was clarified.

The BOG3 participants noted with appreciation the working draft of the Work plan, as it is subject to the TFB consideration
and aligning together with the Methodology Report on Carbon Dioxide Removal Technologies, Carbon Capture Utilizationand Storage.

During the work, BOG3 discussed several issues/questions.
Q1. Does the generic text used for GHG inventory methods completely address the needs of the Methodology Report on
SLCF emission inventories? Or should any element be added to the ToR?
A1. The experts agreed on the general structure of the TOR used for the GHG emission inventories. However, somespecific points were discussed. Scope. We clarified that the new Methodology Report will consider anthropogenic
emissions of SLCF, not including secondary human-induced substances. Coverage. We specified that the geographicalcoverage is at national level, but spatial-temporal variations might be relevant for certain SLCF. (To be discussed with
BOG1).

Q2. IPCC Tier 1 – double-counting of carbon. IPCC default method does not have an Oxidation Factor so that aninventory compiler that applies the IPCC default method is forced to assume that all carbon is emitted as CO2, while theaddition of SLCF methods will require to estimate also other carbon compounds (CO, NMVOCs and BC/OC) from whichindirect CO2 emissions originates. Should IPCC default method in the Energy sector be revised by adding the “oxidation
factor” in the relevant equation?
17

A2. A new para was added in the draft Instructions to Experts and Authors.
44.Authors should note the issue of double-counting, for example in the Energy sector the IPCC default method for
combustion assumes an Oxidation Factor equal to 1 resulting in all carbon calculated as CO 2, while the addition of SLCF
methods will require to estimate also other carbon compounds (CO, NMVOCs and BC/OC).Authors should provide
guidance to inventory compilers on how to address the issue of double-counting.

Q3. It is stated in the draft text that the default EFs for Tier 1 are to represent EFs without the effect of controls orabatement technologies. Is this realistic for future guidance? Could a better formulation be found?
Q4. Should Authors be clearly requested to provide IPCC default EFs disaggregated according to the component
variables applied in the method? [e.g., the inclusion of oxidation factors in combustion equations]A3-A4. The draft Instructions have already the text in paragraph 38 to address these questions. I was suggested to add“abatement technologies” under “technology”.
Lead authors may also provide multiple default emission factors, disaggregated by region, technology (including
abatement technologies), or another relevant classification scheme.

Q5. Regional guidelines might be revised much more frequently than the IPCC SLCF Guidelines, so should authors
cross-reference those elements associated with technology development, e.g. data collection, data analysis, EFs or is it
better to provide guidance on how national inventory compilers may develop those on the basis of new information fromregional guidelines? Please consider that this is to be done in strict coordination with BOG1.
A5. Further guidance is not needed.

Q6. Should authors be recommended to add information on international sources of AD for each potentially significant
source category, so far as a relevant source is available?
A6. There is already a text in the draft Instructions - see paragraph 43.
43. Where the method applied for SLCF differs from that applied to estimate GHG emissions from the same source, or thesource is not covered in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, in addition to methodological guidance, guidance on activity data
sources available at international level, and where possible at national level, will be provided.

Q7. Please review Appendix 1 of working draft Instructions to Experts and Authors and consider revisions to maximise
utility for the EFDB. Consider whether text can be added to ensure that authors provide TSU with all data, and resources,used to elaborate on IPCC default values, and where an expert judgement is provided that such judgment is supported
through the submission of an elicitation protocol (see https://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/1_Volume1/V1_2_Ch2_DataCollection.pdf)
A7. The BOG3 did revision of the Appendix and text. All mandatory information was included in the form.

Q8. Should the Table of Content be further elaborated to provide more detailed guidance to authors on the expected
content of the Report? Could for instance the List of SLCF categories and species prepared by TSU further elaborated
and added to it? Please consider that this is to be done in strict coordination with BOG2. E.g., how to address the use of
NH3 and H2 as a fuel.
A8. Input of BOG1 and BOG2.
18

One issue was forwarded to discuss in the Plenary – the nature of a Methodology Report and text in the paragraph 9,
which was:
9. Guidance provided in the 2027 Supplement on SLCFs builds on guidance provided in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, thus
additional information to be provided is limited to guidance in the application of differences in methods, if any, and to theneeded default values for EFs and for parameters, if any. For example, if, for a source category, the same method isapplied to the estimation of GHG as well as SLCF emissions, then a reference to the relevant existing guidance on activity
data and method will suffice while new information may be limited to default values for EF and parameters, if any. Where
the method to be applied to the estimation of SLCF emissions from a source category differs from existing guidance for
GHG emissions, or the source category is not covered in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, then complete guidance on themethod and needed activity data and EFs, and parameters, will be provided.

It was suggested to remove this paragraph and improve the text in the Format of the report. Also, there is a text in theInstructions to Experts and Authors.
Paras 42 and 43 of the Instructions to Experts and Authors
42. Authors shall prefer IPCC methods applied to estimate GHG emissions when those can be straightforwardly applied toestimate SLCF emissions as well as when those can be applied mutatis mutandis. The use of consistent methodologies
allows inventory-compilers to use the same datasets for both sets of estimates. This is to enhance efficiency in the use ofresources available to inventory-compilers and thus to promote accuracy of estimates.
43. Where the method applied for SLCF differs from that applied to estimate GHG emissions from the same source, or thesource is not covered in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, in addition to methodological guidance, guidance on activity data
sources available at international level, and where possible at national level, will be provided.

As the result, the Plenary decided to remove this paragraph; the text in the Format was improved.

The draft documents (ToR, Instructions, Workplan) were submitted to the final Plenary session for approval.

19

3. Conclusions
The Scoping Meeting goal was to produce the outline of a Methodology Report on SLCFs in accordance with the Appendix
A to the Principles Governing IPCC Work, which contains the procedures for the preparation, review, acceptance, adoption,
approval and publication of IPCC reports.
The following outcomes of the Scoping Meeting, as recommended to be used by the TFB for its submission for an outlineof a Methodology Report on SLCFs to the IPCC Panel, were produced:•

The title:2027 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Short-lived Climate
Forcers (2027 Supplement on SLCFs)•

The format:
2027 Supplement on SLCFs will provide guidance on the preparation and reporting of a national inventory of SLCF
emissions. Existing IPCC methods, categorization and guidance in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines3, shall be preferred
when those can be straightforwardly applied to estimate SLCF emissions. It does not replace or refine the 2006
IPCC Guidelines but should be used in conjunction with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
The format should be one single Methodology Report including an Overview Chapter and five volumes following
the format of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.

•

Draft ToR of 2027 Supplement on SLCFs should be as presented in Annex 1, draft ToC – Annex 2, draft
Instructions to Experts and Authors – Annex 3 and the Work plan – Annex 4. The supplementary or supporting
material – Table of SLCF categories and species – is presented in Annex 5.

These recommendations and documents will constitute the basis of the TFI proposal to the IPCC-61.

3 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and its Wetlands Supplement, as updated, supplemented and elaborated in the 2019

Refinement (hereafter referred as the 2006 IPCC Guidelines)20Annexes
Annex 1. Terms of Reference (ToR)
2027 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:
Short-lived Climate Forcers (2027 Supplement on SLCFs)
Background
1. At the 49th Session (IPCC-49) held in May 2019 (in Kyoto, Japan) the IPCC approved the Task Force on National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) to produce an IPCC Methodology Report on SLCFs following the Appendix A to
the Principles Governing IPCC Work (Decision IPCC-XLIX-7).
2. IPCC TFI carried out preparatory work including Expert Meetings4 during the AR6 cycle. The Scoping Meetingproduced the draft Table of Contents, which is outlined in Annex 1.
Scope
3. The new Methodology Report will provide guidance on SLCF emissions which are:
- Anthropogenic, not including secondary human-induced substances- National- Annual- Reported in mass units for each individual emitted species.
4. Coverage:- Species covered by the new Methodology Report will be NOX, CO, NMVOCs, SO2, NH3, BC and OC (BC andOC can be presented in terms of fraction of PM2.5; along with the total amount of PM2.5 emitted), and H2.
- Methane and halogenated species under Montreal Protocol and Kigali Amendment will not be covered sincethese are already addressed by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006
IPCC Guidelines), the 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories: Wetlands (Wetlands Supplement) and the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2019 Refinement).
- For NMVOCs, the methodology should provide estimates for total NMVOCs. The speciation of NMVOCs
should be considered by authors, as appropriate.
- Anthropogenic emissions5 only, where anthropogenic refers to emissions from human activities and frommanaged6 land.
- Sources covered are those of anthropogenic emissions, where scientific evidence is available; while for others,guidance could be provided as a basis for future methodological development.
- Geographical and temporal coverage is national and annual level, and authors should also consider guidanceon spatial and temporal disaggregation of SLCF emissions.
5. Key elements:- Structure: Information on each sector will be synthesised into a single document (a volume for each of theinventory sectors: Energy, Industrial Process and Product Use (IPPU), Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land
Use (AFOLU), Waste. There will also be a volume on cross-cutting issues, including reporting tables).
- Content of cross-cutting guidance: The volume for cross-cutting issues will include: introduction 7 , withguidance on SLCF species and definitions, approaches to data collection 8; uncertainties; methodological

4 The Joint 1st and 2nd IPCC Expert Meeting on SLCFs: https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/mtdocs/2110_SLCF.html

The /3rd IPCC Expert Meeting on SLCFs: https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/mtdocs/2204_SLCF_EM3.html
5as defined in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006 IPCC Guidelines), the 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands (Wetlands Supplement) and the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2019 Refinement).
6 land where human interventions and practices have been applied to perform production, ecological or social functions.
7 considering the importance for climate effects of spatial distribution and temporal resolution of SLCF emissions, and changes in co-emitted species
8 including generic methods of measurements, approaches to derive BC/OC emissions from PM 2.5 emission estimates and measurements, NMVOC
speciation, spatial distribution and temporal resolution, technology, and abatement information.

21

choice and identification of key categories; time series consistency; quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)
and verification; and reporting guidance and tables.
- Content of sectoral guidance: The volumes for each sector will include tiered methodological approaches;
decision trees; methods and emission factors, where appropriate; cross-references as necessary to avoid
double counting or omissions of emissions; sector-specific guidance on uncertainty assessment and QA/QC;
and reporting and documentation guidance.
Approach
6. The result of the work will be an IPCC Methodology Report “2027 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Short-lived Climate Forcers” (2027 Supplement on SLCFs).
7. The authors will ensure consistency with categories and build on the methodological guidance within the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines, Wetlands Supplement and 2019 Refinement.
8. The authors will follow “Instructions to Experts and Authors” presented in Annex 2 to ensure a consistent andcoherent approach across all the volumes and chapters, including the use of common terminology.
9. Importantly, the authors will provide guidance based on the good practice9 guidance definition and the structured
tiered approach described in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Wetlands Supplement and 2019 Refinement.
10. The production of the Methodology Report will be completed in 2027 as noted in the work plan in Annex 3 following
Decision IPCC-LX-9.

9 "Good practice" is a key concept for inventory compilers to follow in preparing national greenhouse gas inventories. The key concept does not change

in the 2019 Refinement. The term "good practice" has been defined, since 2000 when this concept was introduced, as "a set of procedures intended
to ensure that greenhouse gas inventories are accurate in the sense that they are systematically neither over- nor underestimates so far as can be
judged, and that uncertainties are reduced so far as practicable". This definition has gained general acceptance amongst countries as the basis forinventory development and its centrality has been retained for the 2019 Refinement. Certain terms in the definition have been updated based on
feedback from the statistics community, such that this definition can be also understood as "a set of procedures intended to ensure that greenhousegas inventories are accurate in the sense that they are systematically neither over- nor underestimates so far as can be judged, and that they are
precise so far as practicable" in the context of refinement of Chapter 3 of Volume 1.
Good Practice covers choice of estimation methods appropriate to national circumstances, quality assurance and quality control at the national level,
quantification of uncertainties and data archiving and reporting to promote transparency.

22

Annex 2. Table of Contents (ToC)
2027 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:
Short-lived Climate Forcers (2027 Supplement on SLCFs)
Overview
Volume 1. General Guidance Introduction(including, but not limited to: Background on SLCFs and their importance for climate, Key differences between
SLCFs and GHGs emissions, Holistic approaches to SLCFs and the importance of co-emitted species, Spatial
distribution and temporal resolution and relevance to climate effects, Interlinkages with air pollution and health,Interlinkages with meteorology, Importance of technologies and abatement technologies)
 Approaches to Data Collection(including, but not limited to: Spatial distribution and temporal resolution, Measurement techniques, NMVOC
speciation, Technologies and Abatement technologies)








Uncertainties
Methodological Choice and Identification of Key Categories(including, but not limited to KCA by SLCF species, Issues of co-emitted species in SLCF KCA)
Timeseries consistency(including, but not limited to: Addressing changes in measurement techniques, Addressing changes intechnologies, including for abatement)
QA/QC and Verification(including, but not limited to: Consistency with co-emitted GHGs and SLCFs, Comparison with global/regional
inventories, Comparisons with atmospheric observations and models)
Reporting guidance and Tables

Volume 2. Energy Sector
 Introduction
 Stationary combustion
 Mobile combustion
 Fugitive Emissions
 Other
Volume 3. IPPU Sector







Introduction
Mineral Industry
Chemical Industry
Metal Industry
Non-Energy products from fuels and Solvent Use
OtherVolume 4. AFOLU Sector
 Introduction
 Generic methodologies
 Consistent representation of land
 Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management
 Land use categories

23




Managed soil10
Other

Volume 5. Waste Sector
 Introduction
 Solid Waste Disposal
 Biological Treatment of Solid Waste
 Incineration and Open Burning of Waste
 Wastewater Treatment and Discharge Other

10 As expanded by the Wetlands Supplement guidance/categorization24

Annex 3. Instructions to Experts and Authors
2027 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:
Short-lived Climate Forcers (2027 Supplement on SLCFs)
Instructions to Experts and Authors
1.

Work on a Methodology Report “2027 SLCF to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:
Short-lived Climate Forcers (2027 Supplement on SLCFs) will be guided by the IPCC procedures for the Preparation,
Review, Acceptance, Adoption, Approval and Publication of the IPCC Reports (Appendix A to the Principles
Governing the IPCC Work11). This document is consistent with the IPCC procedures and applies to all experts
engaged in the production of a new Methodology Report.
In this document the term “experts” covers Co-Chairs, members of the TFI Bureau (TFB), technical support unit
(TSU) Staff, Coordinating Lead Authors (CLAs), Lead Authors (LAs), and Review Editors (REs) as well asContributing Authors (CAs) and Expert Reviewers.
These notes are intended as guidance to experts contributing to a new Methodology Report. They are intended toensure a consistent and coherent approach across all the volumes or chapters and to promote common terms used.

2.

3.

Confidentiality
4. Authors meetings are closed meetings. Any discussions are confidential except for any published report of themeeting. This is to ensure that experts participating in the meetings can express themselves and discuss issues
freely and openly.
5. The IPCC considers the drafts of a new Methodology Report, prior to acceptance, to be pre-decisional, provided inconfidence to reviewers, and not for public distribution, quotation or citation.
6. The TSU will keep drafts of a new Methodology Report sent for the IPCC review, any comments received on themand the responses by authors. All written expert and government review comments will be made available toreviewers on request. These will be made available on the IPCC website as soon as possible after the acceptanceby the Panel and the finalisation of the report.
Conflict of Interest
7. It is important that all experts involved in the IPCC activities avoid any conflict of interest or the direct and substantial
appearance of a conflict of interest. It is recognised that many experts in Emission Inventories are employed by, or
funded by, parties with some interest in the outcome (e.g. most inventory compilers are funded by national
governments or industry). It is therefore important to be open and transparent about financial and other interests.
8. The IPCC implements a Conflict of Interest (COI) Policy12 13 that applies to all individuals directly involved in the
preparation of IPCC reports, including senior IPCC leadership (IPCC Chair and Vice-Chairs), other Bureau and Task
Force Bureau members, authors with responsibilities for report content (CLAs, LAs), Review Editors and staff of the
TSU. The overall purpose of this policy is to protect the legitimacy, integrity, trust, and credibility of the IPCC and of
those directly involved in the preparation of reports, and its activities.
9. Before an individual is appointed as a CLA, LA and RE for a new Methodology Report, the TFB will request theindividual to complete a Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form (“the COI Form”) contained in Annex B to the COI Policy
which will be submitted to the TSU. The TFB will then evaluate the form to determine whether the individual has aconflict of interest that cannot be resolved.
10. All CLAs, LAs and REs will inform the TSU annually of any changes in the information provided in their previously
submitted COI Form. The TFB will evaluate the revised information.
11. All COI Forms and any records of the deliberations of the COI Expert Advisory Group, deliberations and/or decisionsof the COI Committee in relation to conflict of interest issues in respect of specific individuals and any information
disclosed by individuals for the purposes of the COI Policy will be transferred to the Secretariat after they have beenreviewed and will be securely archived by the Secretariat and retained for a period of five years after the end of theassessment cycle during which the relevant individual contributed, after which the information will be destroyed.
1112https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/09/ipcc-principles-appendix-a-final.pdf
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/09/ipcc-conflict-of-interest-2016.pdf

25

Subject to requirement to notify the existence of a conflict of interest to others, the information referred to above will
be considered confidential and will not be used for any purpose other than consideration of conflict of interest issues
under these Implementation Procedures without the express consent of the individual providing the information.
Responsibilities of authors and other experts
12. The role of authors is to impartially assess ALL the available literature and to describe the best methodologies
available. Experts should be impartial. Authors should review all literature available up to a cut-off date to be decided
by the TFB as part of the agreed work plan.
13. After drafting the report authors will be asked to consider all comments received on the drafts and to adjust andrevise the text accordingly. They should document their responses. If they do not accept a comment this should be
explained. Review Editors should check whether the accepted changes were fully incorporated in the revised text.
14. Responsibilities and duties of authors and other experts are currently explained in more detail in the IPCC proceduresfor the Preparation, Review, Acceptance, Adoption, Approval and Publication of the IPCC Reports (Appendix A to
the Principles Governing the IPCC Work).
Literature
15. The use of literature should be open and transparent. In the drafting process, emphasis is to be placed on theassurance of the quality of all cited literature. Priority should be given to peer-reviewed scientific, technical and socioeconomic literature if available.
16. It is recognized that other sources provide crucial information for IPCC Reports. These sources may include reports
from governments, industry, and research institutions, international and other organizations, or conference
proceedings. Use of this literature brings with it an extra responsibility for the author teams to ensure the quality andvalidity of cited sources and information as well as providing an electronic copy. In general, newspapers andmagazines are not valid sources of scientific information. Blogs, social networking sites, and broadcast media are
not acceptable sources of information for IPCC Reports. Personal communications of scientific results are also not
acceptable sources.
17. For any sources written in a language other than English, an executive summary or abstract in English is required.
18. All sources will be integrated into a reference section of an IPCC Report.
19. For more details of the procedure on the use and referencing of literature in IPCC Reports, see Annex 2 to the IPCC
procedures for the Preparation, Review, Acceptance, Adoption, Approval and Publication of the IPCC Reports(Appendix A to the Principles Governing the IPCC Work).
Principles of the new Methodology Report
20. Guidance in the new Methodology Report should be understandable and easy to implement. Lead authors shouldmake efforts to balance the need to produce a comprehensive self-contained report with reasonable limits to thelength and detail of the guidance. In particular:
a. The guidance should follow a cookbook approach by providing clear step by step instructions. It should not
try to be a textbook. Detailed background information on emission processes, scientific studies, etc. is
generally referenced rather than included.
b. Lead authors must consider relevant scientific developments and national methods used by countries in theirinventories.
c. Authors should bear in mind that the target audience is a diverse group of readers who are primarily
concerned with the elaboration of national inventories. For this reason, the emphasis should be on ensuring
clear communication of practical and understandable guidance.
21. This work aims to cover all IPCC inventory sectors with categories where the science is considered to be robust
enough to provide guidance for a Tier 1 methodological approach and have a relative 14 contribution to theglobal/regional emissions of the species, using the significance and prioritization criteria as shown below.

14 i.e. not insignificant

26

Significance and prioritization criteria••

Significance of the category and the species within the sector on a global/regional scale. Categories significant
only for a limited number of particular countries, currently or in the foreseeable future, may not meet thiscriterion.
Sufficient data availability and maturity of scientific advances to provide a basis for methodologicaldevelopment, including:o Ability to develop default emission factors and parameterso Feasibility of obtaining the necessary data to implement the methods

22. The general structure, approach and definitions used in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, such as tiered approach anddecision trees will be followed. Annexes may be used where necessary to contain additional data to support themethodologies, although large numbers of annexes will probably not be necessary. Appendices are not ruled out
where scientific knowledge is insufficient for countries to agree full methodologies, but please avoid as far as possible
work on areas that have to be relegated to an appendix. Appendices should be sub-titled by “Basis for future
methodological development”.
Definitions
23. The following terms will be used throughout the new Methodology Report, and it is essential that all Lead Authors
have a common understanding of their meaning and relevance:
24. Tier A Tier refers to a description of the overall complexity of a methodology and its data requirements. Higher tiermethods are generally more complex and data-intensive than lower tier methods. The guidance for each category
should contain at least a Tier 1 method, and in many cases there will be a Tier 2 and Tier 3. The general expectationis that Tier 2 and Tier 3 methods will both be consistent with good practice guidance for key sources, although insome cases Tier 3 will be preferred.
25. Tier 1 approaches are simple methods that can be applied by all countries in all circumstances. Default values forthe emission factors and any other parameters needed must be supplied (see below for documentation needed).
26. Tier 2 methods should in principle follow the same methodological approach as Tier 1 but allow for higher resolution
country specific emissions factors and activity data. In some categories, this may not be the case. These methods
should better replicate the parameters affecting the emissions. Country specific emission factors are needed andpossibly more parameters will also be needed.
27. Tier 3 methods give flexibility either for country specific methods including modelling or direct measurement
approaches, or for a higher level of disaggregation, or both. This is a more complex method, often involving a model.
This will replicate many features of nation emissions and require specific parameters for each country.
28. Default information is data that is appropriate for use where there is no better detailed, country specific information.
If appropriate, authors may specify regional default data. Users of the guidelines should be encouraged to try to findbetter country specific data. Default data are appropriate for Tier 1 methods and the guidelines should contain all thedefault values needed. Emission factors for higher tiers need not be specified because it is a function of higher tiermethods to find data reflecting national circumstances. Default information is included primarily to provide users witha starting point from which they can develop their own national assumptions and data. Indeed, national assumptions
and data are always preferred because the default assumptions and data may not always be appropriate for specificnational contexts. In general, therefore, default assumptions and data should be used only when national
assumptions and data are not available.
29. Decision Trees. A decision tree is a graphical tool to assist countries in selecting from the IPCC methods.
30. Key categories are inventory categories which individually, or as a group of categories (for which a common method,emission factor and activity data are applied) are prioritised within the national inventory system because theirestimates have a significant influence on a country’s total inventory in terms of the absolute level, the trend, or thelevel of uncertainty in emissions. Key category analysis should be performed species by species. The appropriate
threshold to define key categories should be considered by authors.
31. Sector refers to the four sectors of the guidelines (Energy; Industrial Process and Product Use (IPPU); Agriculture,
Forests and Other Land Use (AFOLU) and Waste) these are divided into categories and subcategories.
a. Sector 1
b. Category 1.A27

c. Sub-category 1st order 1.A.1
d. Sub-category 2nd order 1.A.1.ae. Sub-category 3rd order, 1.A.1.a.i
32. Worksheets. These will be printed versions of spreadsheet tables, that, when filled in, enable the user to performthe emission estimation. They should contain all the calculations and written text with any formulae. Additional
worksheets may be required to compile the results of the worksheets into the reporting tables.
33. Reporting Tables are tables that present the calculated emission inventory and sufficient detail of other data used
to prepare the inventories for others to understand the emission estimates.
34. Usage:a. “Good Practice” is defined in the 2019 Refinement as follows: “a key concept for inventory compilers to follow
in preparing national greenhouse gas inventories. The key concept does not change in the 2019 Refinement.
The term "good practice" has been defined, since 2000 when this concept was introduced, as "a set ofprocedures intended to ensure that greenhouse gas inventories are accurate in the sense that they aresystematically neither over- nor underestimates so far as can be judged, and that uncertainties are reduced
so far as practicable". This definition has gained general acceptance amongst countries as the basis forinventory development and its centrality has been retained for the 2019 Refinement. Certain terms in thedefinition have been updated based on feedback from the statistics community, such that this definition canbe also understood as "a set of procedures intended to ensure that greenhouse gas inventories are accurate
in the sense that they are systematically neither over- nor underestimates so far as can be judged, and thatthey are precise so far as practicable" in the context of refinement of Chapter 3 of Volume 1”.
The concept mentioned above should be applied to all species dealt with in this report.
b. Good Practice covers choice of estimation methods appropriate to national circumstances, quality assurance
and quality control at the national level, quantification of uncertainties and data archiving and reporting topromote transparency.
c. “Shall” should not be used. Either say “Good Practice is…” or say what needs to be done or what should be
done. These all indicate what needs to be done to comply with Good Practice.
d. "Be encouraged to" indicates a step or activity that will lead to higher quality inventory but are not required
for ensuring consistency with the IPCC Guidelines.
e. “Recommend” should not be used. In the GPG2000, the word “recommend” was avoided and “Suggested”
was used instead.
f. “Inventory agency” is the body responsible for actually compiling the inventory, perhaps from contributions
from a number of other bodies while “inventory compiler” is the person actually compiling the inventory,
Reporting Tables and worksheets
35. Worksheets reflect the application of tier 1 methods only, due to the varied implementation of higher tier methods bycountries. Lead authors should stress the importance of documentation and archiving of particular types of
information of relevance to each category, although advice may be given of what needs to be reported fortransparency at higher Tiers.
Emission factors and methods
36. Authors should provide default emission factors and parameters. In doing this work, they should draw on the widest
possible range of available literature, scientific articles and country reports.
37. All data reported in the guidance as IPCC default values shall be justified by authors by providing TSU with all
background data used, and the source of those data, as well as all information on the method applied to derive thedefault values from the background data, as needed to replicate the calculation, in a timely manner as drafts arebeing developed. Background data should be compiled in the attached form (Appendix 1) to facilitate the upload in
the Emission Factor Database (EFDB). Lead authors should be familiar with the draft cross-cutting guidance ondata collection in Volume 1 and the guidance on cross-cutting issues in this note on terms, data types, data demandsof methods and stratification requirements. Default data should also meet the EFDB evaluation criteria – robustness,documentation, and applicability15.
38. Authors should develop guidance to provide additional information on rationale, references and background
15 EFDB evaluation criteria: https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/documents/EFDB_criteria.pdf

28

39.

40.

41.

42.
43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

information on parameters used for estimating of default values where such information is available (similar toAnnexes in Chapter 10, Volume 4, of the 2019 Refinement), with a view to enhancing the transparency andapplicability of default values presented in the new Methodology Report.
Single IPCC default emission factors might not be ideal for any one country, but they can be recommended provided
that regional factors are unavailable, and the defaults are representative of typical conditions as far as can be
determined. It may be necessary or appropriate to provide a range of default emission factors along with clear
guidance about how countries should select from within the range. Lead authors may also provide multiple default
emission factors, disaggregated by region, technology (including abatement technologies), or another relevant
classification scheme.
It is important to provide more default emission factors that reflect the unique conditions of developing countries. In
general, default emission factors for Tier 1 should represent emissions without category-specific mitigation
measures, as well as relevant abatement technologies for which data are available.
Users of the guidelines should be encouraged to develop and use country specific data. Emission factors for higher
tiers need not be specified in the 2027 Supplement on SLCFs. Default information is included primarily to provide
users with a starting point from which they can develop their own national assumptions and data. Indeed, national
assumptions and data are always preferred because the default assumptions and data may not always beappropriate for specific national contexts.
The basic principle concerning national methods will continue to apply – countries are encouraged to use national
data or methods so long as they are consistent with the IPCC Guidelines.
Authors shall prefer IPCC methods applied to estimate GHG emissions when those can be straightforwardly applied
to estimate SLCF emissions as well as when those can be applied mutatis mutandis. The use of consistentmethodologies allows inventory-compilers to use the same datasets for both sets of estimates. This is to enhance
efficiency in the use of resources available to inventory-compilers and thus to promote accuracy of estimates.
Where the method applied for SLCF differs from that applied to estimate GHG emissions from the same source, orthe source is not covered in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, in addition to methodological guidance, guidance on activity
data sources available at international level, and where possible at national level, will be provided.
Authors should note the issue of double-counting, for example in the Energy sector the IPCC default method for
combustion assumes an Oxidation Factor equal to 1 resulting in all carbon calculated as CO2, while the addition of
SLCF methods will require to estimate also other carbon compounds (CH4, CO, NMVOC and BC/OC). Authors
should provide guidance to inventory compilers on how to address the issue of double-counting.
For BC/OC emissions, authors should provide guidance, including on techniques of measurement, to derive emission
factors directly and from ratios to anthropogenic primary PM2.5, where practicable. When ratios are used authors
should include information on primary anthropogenic PM2.5 EF from which the ratios have been derived to enhancetransparency. If direct EFs are applied authors may consider exploring the use anthropogenic primary PM 2.5 EF for
verification and usability purposes as well as to inform associated uncertainty.
In considering the methodologies for SLCF emissions in the AFOLU sector, authors should not include natural
background emissions from land as these are not considered to be anthropogenic.

Boxes
48. Consistent with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, the new Methodology Report may contain Boxes, which should not be
used to provide methodological guidance, but for information purposes or providing examples.
Decision trees
49. Consistent with the format and structure of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, the new Methodology Report may contain adecision tree for some sub-categories to assist countries in selecting from the IPCC methods. These decision trees
link the choice of IPCC methods to national circumstances via specific questions about data availability and status
as a key category16.
50. To ensure consistency in decision tree logic and format across categories, lead authors should adhere to thefollowing requirements:
a. The decision trees should be based on a series of questions with clear yes/no answers, and two subsequent
branches along yes/no paths.
The most appropriate choice of estimation method (or tier) may also depend on national circumstances, including the availability of resources andadvice on this will be given in the cross-cutting volume.
16

29

b.

The decision trees should start with assessing data availability for the highest tier method, and then direct
countries step-wise towards lower tier methods if activity data, emission factors or other parameters are notavailable.
c. The decision tree should indicate the lowest tier method that is judged to be appropriate for estimating
emissions from a key category.
d. If data are not available for the method referred to in c, the ‘No’ response should direct the reader to thequestion “Is this a key category?” If the answer to this is ‘Yes’, the decision tree should recommend that thecountry collect the necessary data to implement a higher tier method. If the answer is ‘No’, then the decision
tree can recommend a lower tier method. There is no need to deal with the case for a key source where acountry does not have the resources to gather additional data needed to implement higher Tier methods. Thisis dealt with in Volume 1 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
e. The branches of the decision trees should end in ‘out-boxes’ that correspond to specific tiers identified in theguidance for that category and are labelled by Tier. Lead authors may also recommend out-boxes for hybridtiers.
f. Lead authors may develop separate decision trees for different sub-categories. Alternatively, they may
include decision tree options for selecting different tiers for different sub-categories. This second option isappropriate if it is advantageous to recommend a higher tier method only for significant sub-categories rather
than for the entire category. Decision trees that use the ‘significance’ criterion must include the “2530% rule”17, as reassessed by authors.
51. Additional Formatting Guidelines (see example):a. Decision trees should be drafted in separate files. The TSU will integrate these files into the main text at alater date.
b. Decision trees should NOT ask the question: “Does this source occur in the country?” This is because decision
trees will only be used for sources which occur.
c. There should be a “START” box.
d. “Diamonds” should be used for questions/decisions.
e. “Squares” should be used for all other information.
f. The out-boxes should be individually numbered.
g. The text font should be Times New Roman 10pt.
h. Text should be centered within the boxes.

17 As defined in the 2019 Refinement (i.e., a significant sub-category is one that makes up more than 25-30% of emissions from a category).

30

Example. Decision tree for estimating emissions from fuel combustion(Figure 1.2 Chapter 1 Volume 2 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines)

31

Units
52. SI units shall be used throughout: in text, equations, worksheets and tables. Emissions have to be expressed inmass units and units have to be used consistently within each sector. When similar activity data is used for different
sectors same units need to be used (CLAs have to take care about such harmonisation). Conversion factors haveto be provided (for example to estimate N2O from N). Where input data available may not be in SI units conversions
should be provided.
53. Standard abbreviations for units and chemical compounds are given in Appendix 2.

32Appendix 1. EFs and parameters Documentation
This form should be used to document all EFs and parameters used in the new Methodology Report. This gives theminimum information that should be considered by the authors.
Author1
IPCC Category
Name of EFs / parameters
Activity, e.g. Fuel2 in the Energy
SectorSpecies3:

CO

NOx

…

…

…

Value:
Unit:
Uncertainty (as +/% or 2.5 and 97.5
percentiles )4
Applicability5 – fill in as necessary ifdata not generally applicable.
Describe appropriate Technologies,
Practices, Abatement Technologies,
Region, and/or Regional Conditions
Measurement - Scientific Literature
Other Measurement
Source of data (chose one)

National Inventory Report
Calculated
Based on fuel quality
Expert Judgement6

Method of derivation of the value(e.g., arithmetic mean, weighted
mean, adjustment of a literature databy expert judgment etc.
Reference7
URL
Abstract in English (if the abstract isin another language)Note:
1. The author is the LA/CA/CLA who writes the relevant section and proposes the data.
2. Fuels as defined in the Energy volume of the 2027 Supplement on SLCFs
3. Add additional species as required
4. As defined by cross-cutting volume
5. Only to be completed where it is necessary to specify the applicability of the data
6. Attach the elicitation protocol
7. As reference to document, report, calculation or if expert judgement to those involved (Names or group e.g. “Waste
BOG on Solid Waste Disposal Sites”) with DOI, where possible
33

Appendix 2. Units and Abbreviations
Abbreviations of, and how to spell, chemical species
BC

Black Carbon

CCl4

Carbon tetrachloride

CF4

Tetrafluoromethane

C2F6

Hexafluoroethane

CFCs

Chlorofluorocarbons

CH4

MethaneCO

Carbon monoxide

CO2

Carbon dioxide

EC

Elemental Carbon

H2

Hydrogen

HFCs

Hydrofluorocarbons

NH3

Ammonia

NMVOCsNon-methane volatile organic compounds

NOX

Nitrogen oxides

N2O

Nitrous oxide18

OC

Organic Carbon

PFCs

Perfluorocarbons

PMx

Particulate Matter (x – micrometers)

S

SulphurSF6

Sulphur hexafluoride

SO2

Sulphur Dioxide

18 In the IUPAC N2O is officially named “Dinitrogen Oxide”. However, “nitrous oxide” is widely used and understood in the emission inventory communityand by the UNFCCC and so, to avoid confusion, will be used.

34

Units and abbreviations
cubic metrem3

hectare

ha

gram

g

gigagram

Gg

tonne

t

gigatonne

Gt

joule

J

degree Celsius℃

calorie

cal

year

Yr

capitaCap

gallongal

dry matterDm

atmosphereatm

Prefixes and multiplication factors
Multiplication Factor

Abbreviation

PrefixSymbol1 000 000 000 000 000

1015

peta

P

1 000 000 000 000

1012

tera

T

1 000 000 000

109

giga

G

1 000 000

106

mega

M

1 000

103

kilo

k

100

102

hecto

h

10

101

deca

da

0.1

10-1

deci

d

0.01

10-2

centi

c

0.001

10-3

milli

m

0.000 001

10-6

micro

μ

35

Standard equivalents
1 tonne of oil equivalent (toe)1 x 1010 calories

103 toe41.868 TJ

1 short ton

0.9072 tonne

1 tonne1.1023 short tons

1 tonne1 megagram

1 kilotonne

1 gigagram

1 megatonne

1 teragram

1 gigatonne

1 petagram

1 kilogram

2.2046 lbs

1 hectare

104 m2

1 calorieIT

4.1868 joule

1 atmosphere101.325 kPa

36

Annex 4. Workplan
2027 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:
Short-lived Climate Forcers (2027 Supplement on SLCFs)
Date

ActionComments

February 2024

Scoping Meeting

Prepare ToR, ToC, Workplan and Guidance to authors

February 2024

TFB36 Meeting

Adoption of Outcomes of the Scoping Meeting and Submission
to IPCC

3rd quarter 2024

IPCC-61

IPCC Plenary approves ToR, ToC, Workplan and Guidance toauthors

3rd quarter 2024

Call for Nomination of Authors
and Review Editors

IPCC invites nominations from governments and internationalorganizations

3rd quarter 2024

Establishment of the Steering
Committee

TFB select members to join TFI Co-Chairs in the SteeringGroup (to ensure consistency across all the volumes andcontinuity with the earlier IPCC inventory reports)

4th quarter 2024

Selection of Coordinating Lead
Authors, Lead Authors andReview Editors

Selection by TFB considering expertise and geographical andgender balance

1st half 2025

1 Lead Author Meetings

2nd half 2025

st

LAM1 to develop zero order draft (ZOD)

2 Lead Author Meetingnd

To develop first order draft (FOD) for review

Expert Review

8 weeks review by experts

1st half 2026

Science Meeting

A small meeting of CLAs and some LAs to discuss specificissues that require intensive discussion to reinforce the writing
process

1st half 2026

3 Lead Author Meeting

To consider comments and produce second order draft (SOD)
for review

2nd half 2026

Literature cut-off date (one week
before SOD Review)Peer-reviewed papers accepted by the cut-off date (even if not
yet published) will be considered. Non-peer-reviewed
documents which are made publicly available by the cut-off
date.

Government & Expert Review

8 weeks review by governments and experts

1st quarter 2026
(8 weeks)

2nd half 2026
(8 weeks)rdth

1st half 2027

4 Lead Author Meeting

To consider comments and produce final draft (FD)

1st half 2027

Government Review

Distribute to governments for their consideration prior toapproval (at least 4 weeks prior to the Panel)

2nd half 2027

Adoption/acceptance by IPCC

Final draft submitted to IPCC Panel for adoption/acceptance

2nd half 2027

Publication

Electronic means
37Annex 5. Table of SLCF categories and species
Energy Sector
IPCC
category

Category

SLCFs
NOx

ENERGY

1.A

Fuel combustion activities

1.A.1

Energy Industries

1.A.1.b.

Main activity
electricity and heatproduction
Petroleum refining

SO2

CO

NMVOC

BC

OC

H2

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.2

Manufacture of solid
fuels and otherenergy industries
Manufacture of solid
X
X
X
X
fuels
Other energy
X
X
X
X
industries
Manufacturing industries and construction

1.A.2.a.

Iron and steel

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.2.b.

Non-ferrous metals

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.2.c.

Chemicals

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.1.c.
1.A.1.c.i.
1.A.1.c.ii.

1.A.2.g.

Pulp, paper andprint
Food processing,
beverages andtobaccoNon-metallic
minerals
Transport equipment

1.A.2.h.

Machinery

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.2.i.

Mining (excluding
fuels) and quarrying

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.2.d.
1.A.2.e.
1.A.2.f.

1.A.2.k.

Wood and wood
products
Construction

1.A.2.l.

Textile and leather

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.2.m.

Non-specified
industry

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.2.j.

Comments
Consider H2 emissions where it is used as a fuelAuthors to provide guidance on classification of H2
use in fuel cells1

1.A.1.a.

NH3

38

continuation of the table for Energy Sector

1.A.3.

Consider including non-exhaust emissions in thesesubcategories, where applicable (for example,
brake and tyre wear)
Need to ensure there isn't overlap with evaporative
fugitive emissions in other sectors

Transport

Note that water vapour emissions have asignificant climate forcing (contrail effects) but are
not in scope. Consider mentioning in the report, but
not preparing a method.

1.A.3.a.

Civil aviation

1.A.3.a.i.

international aviation(international bunkers)

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.3.a.ii.

Domestic aviation

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.3.b.

Road transportation

1.A.3.b.i.

Cars

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.3.b.ii.

Light duty trucks

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.3.b.iii.

Heavy duty trucks and
buses

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.3.b.iv.

Motorcycles

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.3.b.v

Evaporative emissions
from vehicles

1.A.3.b.vi

Urea-based catalysts

X

X

X

X

X
X

X
X

X

X

X

X

Non-exhaust emissions
Use of lubricants

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.3.c.

Railways

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.3.d.

Waterborne navigation

1.A.3.d.i.

international waterborne
navigation (international
bunkers)

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.3.d.ii.

Domestic waterborne
navigation

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.3.e.

Other transportation

1.A.3.e.i

Pipeline transport

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.3.e.ii.

Off-road

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

39

X

continuation of the table for Energy Sector
Consider including non-exhaust emissions in thesesubcategories, where applicable (for example,
brake and tyre wear)
Consider non-combustion SLCF emissions, suchas from food preparation, as discussed in the table
for the report of Expert Meetings 1 & 2

1.A.4.

Other Sectors

1.A.4.a.

Commercial/institutional

1.A.4.a.i.

Stationary combustion

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.4.a.ii.

Off-road vehicles andother machinery

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X
X
Consider non-combustion SLCF emissions, suchas from food preparation, as discussed in the table
for the report of Expert Meetings 1 & 2

1.A.4.b.

Residential

1.A.4.b.i.

Stationary combustion

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.4.b.ii.

Off-road vehicles andother machinery

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.4.c.

Agriculture/forestry/fishing

1.A.4.c.i.

Stationary

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.4.c.ii.

Off-road vehicles andother machinery

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.4.c.iii.

Fishing (mobile
combustion)

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.5

Other (Not specified elsewhere)

1.A.5.b.ii.

Mobile (waterborne
component)

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.A.5.b.iii.

Mobile (other)

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

40

X
X

X
X
X

X
X

continuation of the table for Energy Sector
1.B

Fugitive emissions from fuels

1.B.1

Solid fuel1.B.1.a.

Coal mining andhandling

1.B.1.a.i

Underground mines
Mining

X

X

X

X

X

X

Post-mining seam gas
emissions

X

X

X

X

X

X

Flaring of drained CH4
or conversion of CH4 to
CO2

X

X

X

X

X

X

Mining

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.B.1.a.ii.2

Post-mining seam gas
emissions

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.B.1.c.

Fuel transformation

1.B.1.c.i.

Charcoal and biochar
production

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.B.1.c.ii.

Coke production

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.B.1.c.iv

Gasificationtransformation

1.B.2

Oil and natural gas

1.B.2.aOil

1.B.2.a.i.

Exploration

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.B.2.a.ii.

Production andupgrading

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.B.2.a.iii.

Transport

1.B.2.a.iv.

Refining

X

X

1.B.2.a.v.

Distribution of oil
products

X

1.B.2.a.vi

Other

X

1.B.2.b

Natural gas

1.B.2.b.i.

Gas exploration

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.B.2.b.ii.

Production andgathering

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.B.2.b.iii.

Processing

X

X

X

X

X

X

1.B.2.b.iv.

Transmission andstorageX

1.B.2.b.v.

Gas distribution

X

1.B.2.b.vi.

Gas post-meterX

1.B.1.a.i.1
1.B.1.a.i.2

1.B.1.a.i.4
1.B.1.a.ii
1.B.1.a.ii.1

X

Surface mines

X

X

Change this category to "Coke production andhandling"
included to consider syngas
X
Note that emissions from flaring are included in thesecategories, as described in the 2019 Refinement.

X?
X

X

X

X
X

X

X

41

continuation of the table for Energy Sector
1.B.3

Other emissions from energy production

1.B.3.a.

Other
Geothermal energy
extraction

X

Note that some emissions have been included
considering future possibilities reflecting the newfuels NH3 and H2, not on the basis of current
activities.

X

1.B.3.b

Hydrogen

1.B.3.b.i

Extraction

X

1.B.3.b.ii

Transmission andstorageX

1.B.3.b.v

Distribution

X

1.B.3.b.vi

Post-meterX

1.B.3.cAmmonia

1.B.3.c.i

Transmission andstorage

1.B.3.b.v

Distribution

X

1.B.3.b.vi

Post-meterX

1.B.3.d

Blended gases

1.B.3.d.i

Transmission andstorage?

X

X

1.B.3.d.v

Distribution

?

X

X

1.B.3.d.vi

Post-meter

?

X

X

[X for H2 added in Plenary]?

X

X

Does not include blends of natural gas and biogas(already treated in the 2019 Refinement)?

42

IPPU Sector*
IPCC
category

Category

SLCFs
NOx

NH3

SO2

CO

NMVOC

OC

H2

Comments
Authors to consider H2 emission frompossible future processes, as applicable.

2

IPPU

2.A

Mineral Industry

2.A.1

Cement Production

2.A.3

Glass production

2.A.4

Other Process Uses ofCarbonates

2.B

Chemical Production

2.B.1

Ammonia production

X

X

2.B.2

Nitric Acid production

X

X

2.B.3

Adipic Acid production

X

2.B.6

Titanium Dioxide
Production

X

2.B.7

Soda ash production

2.B.8

Petrochemical Industry

2.B.8.b

EthyleneX- Propylene

X

2.B.8.c

Ethylene Dichloride andVinyl Chloride Monomer

X

2.B.8.d

Ethylene Oxide

X

2.B.8.eAcrylonitrile

X

2.B.8.f

Carbon Black

2.B.10

Other

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X
X

X

X
X

?

X

X

X

X

X

X
X

X

- Hydrogen production(dependent on
production process)

X

X

X

- Sulfuric acid- Ammonium nitrate

BC

X

X
X?

X

- Ammonium phosphateX- Ammonium sulphateX- UreaX?

X?

- Polyethylene

X- PolyvinylchlorideX- Styrene

X- Polystyrene

X- Styrene butadiene,
Styrene-butadiene latex,
Styrene-butadiene
rubber (SBR)X- Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene (ABS) resins

X- FormaldehydeX- Ethylbenzene

X

43

X

continuation of the table for IPPU Sector- Phthalic anhydride?

?

- BenzeneX- Methylbenzene /TolueneX- XyleneX- GlycolX- Terephthalic acidX

- Polyethylene
terephthalate
X- Pharmaceuticals,pesticides, herbicides

X
X

2.C

Metal Industry

2.C.1

Iron and Steel Production

2.C.2

Ferroalloys production

2.C.3

Aluminium Production

X

X

X

2.C.5

Lead Production

?

?

?

2.C.6

Zinc production

2.C.7

Other

X

X

X

X

?

X

X

X

X

- NickelX- Other metals

X
?

?

?

X

X

X

?

?

?

?

X

X

?

?

?

2.D

Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use

2.D.3

Solvent Use- Domestic solvents use

X- Coating application

X- Degreasing

X- Dry cleaningX- Chemical products

X- Printing

X- Other solvent andproduct use

X

Other
- Road paving withasphalt

X

X

X

X

- Asphalt roofing

X

X

X

X

- Solvent transport andstorage

Authors to consider the significance of this source andavailability of data.

X- Copper- Metal welding andcutting

X
X- Maleic anhydride

2.D.4

X

X

44

Including rare earth metals as in the 2019
Refinement.

continuation of the table for IPPU Sector
2.E

Electronic industry

X

X

X

X

X

Note that the report of Expert Meetings 1 & 2
concluded that SLCF emissions in thiscategory are not significant.
The expert view at this meeting disagrees.
subcategories as in the 2019 Refinement, asapplicable.

(subcategories)
2.F

Product Uses as
Substitutes for Ozone
Depleting Substances

2.G

Other Product
Manufacture and Use

2.H

Other

2.H.1

Pulp and Paper Industry

2.H.2

Food and Beverages
Industry

2.H.3

Wood industry

The report of Expert Meetings 1 & 2
concluded that SLCF emissions in thiscategory are not significant.
The expert view at this meeting was thatthese could be reconsidered, noting that the
EMEP/EEA guidance includes someemission factors.
X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

* Please note that according to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines emissions from fuel combustion are reported in Energy Sector,
not in IPPU. There are different methodological approaches regarding allocation of emissions in various methodologicalframeworks, e.g. EMEP/EEA reports BC/OC from Cement and other industries in IPPU and other pollutants (CO, NOx,NMVOCs, SO2) in Energy sector, although SO2 may be present in raw materials.

45

AFOLU Sector
IPCC
category

Category

SLCFs
NOx

NH3

SO2

CO

NMVOC

BC

OC

3

AFOLU

3.A.2

ManureManagement

3.A.2.a.i.

Dairy Cows

X

X

X

3.A.2.a.ii.

Other Cattle

X

X

X

3.A.2.b

BuffaloX

X

X

3.A.2.c

Sheep

X

X

X

3.A.2.d

Goats

X

X

X

3.A.2.eCamelsX

X

X

3.A.2.f

HorsesX

X

X

3.A.2.g

Mules and Asses

X

X

X

3.A.2.h

Swine

X

X

X

3.A.2.i

Poultry

X

X

X

3.A.2.j

Other

X

X

X

3.C.1

Burning

3.C.1.aBurning in Forest
Land

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

3.C.1.b

Burning in
Cropland

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

3.C.1.c
3.C.1.d

Burning in
Grassland
Burning in all other
lands

3.C.4

Direct N2Oemissions frommanaged soils

3.C.5

Indirect N2Oemissions frommanaged soils

H2

Comments

In the draft ToC these are included under 'Land Use
Categories'

X

Note this source is included here for consistency withthe 2006 Guidelines. Under UNFCCC reporting it would
be under Agriculture / Burning of agricultural residues.

Following the report of Expert Meetings 1 & 2, theexisting IPCC category name cannot be changed, but
new categories for NOx and NH3 emissions could be
added. The report should develop methods for the
SLCF species, not for N2O.

X

Following the report of Expert Meetings 1 & 2, theexisting IPCC category name cannot be changed, but
new categories for NOx and NH3 emissions could be
added. The report should develop methods for the
SLCF species, not for N2O.

X

46

continuation of the table for AFOLU Sector
Authors to consider whether these subcategories
could be moved to relevant subsectors or retained
as a group in the subcategory 3.D.2 Other.

3.D.2

Other

3.D.2.x

Other: “Livestock
manure applied tosoils”

X

move to subcategory of Managed soils

3.D.2.x

Other: “Urine and dungdeposited by grazing
livestock”

X

move to subcategory of Managed soils

3.D.2.x

Other: “Manureincineration”

X

X

3.D.2.x

Other: “Anaerobic
digestion of animal
manure”

X

X

3.D.2.x

Other: “Pesticide
application”

Xmove to subcategory of Managed soils

3.D.2.x

Other: “Cultivatedcrops”

X

move to subcategory of Land use categories.

3.D.2.x

Other: “Managed
deciduous/coniferous
forests”

X

move to subcategory of Land use categories

3.D.2.x

Other: “Grassland;
Tundra; Other Low
Vegetation; Other
Vegetation(Mediterranean shrub)”X

move to subcategory of Land use categories

3.D.2.x

Other: “Fugitive dust
from tilling”

X

3.D.2.x

Other: “Fugitive dust
from animals”

X

X

X

X

X

X

move to subcategory of Manure management

move to subcategory of Manure management

X
X

47

X

move to Managed soils (change 'dust' to'emissions'?)Xchange 'dust' to 'emissions'? Change 'animals' to'livestock'Waste Sector
IPCC
category

Category
Waste

4.A

Solid
Disposal

4.A.1

Managed Waste
Disposal Sites

4.A.3

4.B
4.B.1
4.B.2
4.C
4.C.1
4.C.2
4.D

4.D.1

4.D.2
4.E

NOx

NH3

SO2

CO

NMVOC

BC

OC

H2

Comments
Authors to consider H2 emission from possible
future processes, as applicable.

4

4.A.2

SLCFs

Waste

- Landfill fires

X

X

X

X

X

X

- Flaring

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

- Other(decomposition)
Unmanaged
Waste Disposal
Sites

X

- Landfill fires

X

X

X

X

X

X

- Flaring

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

- Other(decomposition)
Uncategorised
Waste Disposal
Sites

X

- Landfill fires

X

X

X

X

X

X

- Flaring

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

- Other(decomposition)
BiologicalTreatment of
Solid Waste
Composting
Anaerobic
Digestion
Incineration andOpen Burning of
Waste
Waste Incineration
Open Burning of
Waste
Wastewater
Treatment andDischarge
Domestic
Wastewater
Treatment andDischarge
Industrial
Wastewater
Treatment andDischarge

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Other
Other waste

(X)

X

(X)

(X)

(X)

48

(X)

(X)

The expert view at this meeting was that emissionof other species could occur, noting that the
EMEP/EEA guidance includes some emission
factors.

Annex 6. Agenda of the Scoping Meeting

IPCC Scoping Meeting
Methodology Report on Short-lived Climate Forcers (SLCFs):
2027 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Brisbane, Australia
26-28 February 2024

Agenda (as adopted)

9:00 - 9:30
9:30 - 10:00

Registration
Welcome Address:- Co-Chairs of IPCC TFI (Takeshi Enoki and Mazhar Hayat)- Australian Government (Melanie Ford)
Plenary session 1(Presentations and discussion)
1.

Introduction to IPCC TFI

2.

Background and objectives of the meeting

3.
Day 1
10:00 - 13:00

13:00 - 14:30

Technical Preparatory Work:- Technical analysis work by TFI TSU- Joint 1st and 2nd SLCF Meetings- 3rd SLCF Meeting
4. Expected outcome of the Scoping Meeting:- Recommendation on the title and format of the Methodology Report- Draft Terms of Reference (TOR)- Draft Table of Contents (TOC)- Draft Work Plan
- Draft Instructions to Experts and Authors
5. Title and Format of the Methodology Report(Outcomes of the meeting will be included in the meeting report and will be consideredby the TFB to make a proposal to IPCC-61)
Q&A
Lunch break49

Break-out group (BOG) session
BOG1: General and Cross-sectoral issues (Species and definitions, methods ofmeasurements, spatial and temporal distribution, cross-cutting inventory issues,
including Key Category Analysis, Uncertainty assessment, QA/QC)
Facilitator: Thelma Krug and Ole-Kenneth Nielsen
Rapporteur: Vigdis Vestreng
14:30 – 18:00
Day 1

BOG2: Sectoral TOC for Energy, IPPU, AFOLU and Waste sectors (categorization,
sectoral and cross-sectoral issues)
Facilitator: Songli Zhu and Vincent Camobreco
Rapporteur: Dan Zwartz
BOG3: TOR, Work Plan, Instructions to Experts and Authors
Facilitator: Jongikhaya Witti and Dario Gomez
Rapporteur: Patricia Krecl

Day 2

18.00-20.00

Reception

09:30 - 13:00

BOG session (continuation)
 BOG1
 BOG2
 BOG3

13:00 - 14:30

Lunch break

14:30 - 18:00

Plenary Session 2
Report from BOGs with discussion on any issues presented by the BOGs or identified
by the Plenary; including on cross-BOG issues, if any.

09:30 - 13:00

BOG session (finalization of docs)• BOG1 – Finalization of TOC for General Volume• BOG2 – Finalization of TOC for Sectoral Volumes (Energy, IPPU, AFOLU, Waste)• BOG3 – Finalization of TOR, Work Plan, Instructions to experts and authors

13:00 - 14:30

Lunch break

14:30 – 18:00

Plenary session 3 (Discussion based on reports from BOGs & wrap-up)
 Presentation of TOC
 Presentation of TOR, Instructions to authors, and work plan Discussion and finalization of the documents to be recommended to the Task
Force Bureau
 Closing remarks

Day 3

Coffee break: 11:00 – 11:30 and 15:30 – 16:00 every day50Annex 7. List of Participants
IPCC Scoping Meeting
Methodology Report on Short-lived Climate Forcers (SLCFs):
2027 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Brisbane, Australia
26-28 February 2024
Komi Akpé Agbossou
University of Lomé
Togo

Takeshi Enoki (TFI Co-chair)
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)Japan

Edvin Aldrian
National Agency of Research and Innovation
Indonesia

Valentin Leonard Foltescu
UNEP – CCAC Secretariat
India

Marta Alfaro
Agresearch LTD (NewZealand)
Chile

Savitri Garivait
JGSEE-KMUTT
ThailandAwad Ahmed Gossi (Quosay)
UofK
Sudan

Rebecca Garland
University of Pretoria
South Africa

Kevin Basoa
Ministry of Environment
Chile

Oliver Geden
German Institute for International and Security Affairs
Germany

Martial Bernoux
Vitor Gois Ferreira
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - UNFCCC
FAO
Germany
Italy
Dario Gómez
Christian Boettcher
Atomic Energy Commission of Argentina
German Environment Agency
Argentina
Germany
Giacomo Grassi
Nathan Borgford-Parnell
Joint Research Centre, European Commission
United Nations Environment Programme Climate and Italy
Clean Air Coalition
Switzerland
Andrew Patrick Grieshop
North Carolina State University
Eduardo Williams Calvo Buendia
USA
UNMSM
Peru
Chia Ha
Environment and Climate Change Canada
Vincent Camobreco
CanadaU.S. EPAUSA
Lin Huang
Environment & Climate Change Canada (ECCC)
Laura Dawidowski
CanadaNational Atomic Energy Commission
Argentina

51

Mark Edward Hunstone
Guadalupe Alejandra Martinez Nunez
Australian Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Ministry of Environment
Environment and Water
Uruguay
Australia
Ingrid Mawdsley
Eui-Chan Jeon
IVL Swedish Environmental Research InstituteSejong University
SwedenRepublic of Korea
Jonathan Manley MochJoni Jupesta
United States Department of State
United Nations University- Institute of Advanced Studies of USA
Sustainability (UNU-IAS)
Indonesia
Manish Kumar Naja
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences
Lillian Chama Kalenge(ARIES)
Zambia Environmental Management Agency
India
ZambiaOle-Kenneth Nielsen
Yugo Kanaya
Aarhus University
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Denmark(JAMSTEC)Japan
Sarah Emerald Osima
Tanzania Meteorological Authority
Zbigniew Klimont
Tanzania
IIASA
Austria
Cecilia Elena Penengo
National Climate Change Directorate – Ministry of
Patricia Krecl Abad
Environment
Federal University of Technology
Uruguay
BrazilDidin Agustian Permadi
Thelma Krug
National Institute of Technology (ITENAS)
INPE
Indonesia
BrazilMarlene Schmidt Plejdrup
Junichi Kurokawa
Aarhus University
Asia Center for Air Pollution Research
DenmarkJapan
Salvador Enrique Puliafito
Mohd Talib Latif
Universidad Tecnológica Nacional / CONICET
Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Argentina
Science and Technology
Malaysia
Javier Querol Carceller
Spanish Research Council (CSIC)
Puji Lestari
Spain
Bandung Institute of Technology
Indonesia
Irma Fabiola Ramirez-HernandezInstituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático
Marianne Tronstad Lund
MexicoCICERO Center for International Climate Research
NorwayAndy Reisinger
Independent consultant
James Douglas MacDonald
New ZealandEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Government of
CanadaCanada52

Mattia Righi
DLR – German Aerospace Center
Germany

Vigdis Vestreng
Norwegian Environment Agency
NorwayYasna Rojas
Instituto Forestal de Chile (INFOR)
Chile

Melissa Weitz
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
United States of America

María José Sánz Sánchez
Basque Centre of Climate Change
Spain

Jongikhaya Witi
Department of Forestry Fisheries and the Environment
South Africa

Nazym Sailauova
Zhasyl damu JSC
Kazakhstan

Xunhua Zheng
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences
China

Mxolisi Shongwe
WMO
Switzerland

Songli Zhu
Energy Research Institute, National Development andReform Commission
China

Pratima Singh
CSTEP
India

Dan Zwartz
Australian Department of Climate Change, Energy, theEnvironment and Water
Australia

Suresh Babu Surendran Nair
Indian Space Research Organisaion (ISRO)
India

IPCC TFI TSU℅ Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama,
Kanagawa, 240-0115, Japan
Tel: +81 46 855 3750

Hamid Abakar Soulaymane
Ministry of Transports, Civil Aviation and of the National
Meteorology
ChadToshihiko Takemura
Kyushu University
Japan

Robert Sturgiss
Sandro Federici

Andre Amaro
Guiqian Tang
Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of
Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Sciences
China
Pavel Shermanau
Hiroshi Tanimoto
Toru Matsumoto
National Institute for Environmental Studies
Japan
Eriko Nakamura

Samir TANTAWIMinistry of Environment
Egypt

Kiyoto TanabeDavid Glen Thistlethwaite
RICARDO PLC
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Aimable Uwizeye
Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations
Italy53