Global Protocol for Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC)
Wee Kean Fong
Senior Associate, World Resources InsituteCore Partners:

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Presentation Outline
1. GPC development process
2. Technical contents

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

1. GPC Development Process

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Core Partners

30 years experience inpromoting sustainability
worldwide

14 years of GHG
accounting standard
development experience

Represent 68 of thelargest cities from aroundthe world committed to
implementing meaningful
and sustainable climaterelated actions

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

Represent >1200 local
government members
worldwide
Over 20 years experiencein addressing urban
sustainability issues

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accountingSupporting Partners

http://blogs.worldbank.org/sustainablecities/ghg-protocol
Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Advisory Committee

AdvisoryCommittee

SpecialInvitees

1. Pankaj Bhatia, WRI/GHGP
2. Seth Schultz, C403. Yunus Arikan, ICLEI
4. Stephen Hammer, World Bank
5. Robert Kehew, UN-HABITAT
6. Soraya Smaoun, UNEP
7. Matthew Lynch, WBCSD
8. Sergey Kononov, UNFCCC
9. Kiyoto Tanabe, IPCC
10. Junichi Fujino, IGES/NIES

11. Kyra Appleby, CDP
12. Jan Corfee-Morlot, OECD
13. Maria Varbeva-Daley, BSI
14. Michael Steinhoff, ICLEI US
15. Alvin Meijia, Clean Air Asia
16. Carina Borgström-Hansson, WWF
17. Christophe Nuttall, R20
18. Yoshiaki Ichikawa, ISO
19. Adam Szolyak, Covenant of MayorsCities
20. Buenos Aires
21. Arendal
22. London
23. Mexico City
24. Tokyo

National Governments
25. France (ADEME)
26. Indonesia (NCCC)

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

Foundations
25. CIFF
26. Siemens
27. Bloomberg Philanthropies
www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accountingRelease of the GPC Pilot Version 1.0
Global Protocol for CommunityScale GHG Emissions (GPC)

Bonn, May 14, 2012

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Pilot Program
Northamptonshire
Saskatoon
Los Altos Hills
Mexico CityArendal

Lahti
Stockholm
Morback
Seraing
TokyoKaohsiung
Doha
Kyoto
Phitsanulok
Nonthaburi
Lagos
Georgetown
Iskandar Malaysia
KampalaGoiania

LondonWicklow
CornwallHennepinLima
La PazBelo Horizonte
Rio de Janeiro
Buenos Aires

Pilot city (24)eThekwini(Durban)

Special Invitee (9)Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

Moreland Wellington
Adelaide
Melbourne Palmerston
North

Observer (2)www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Stakeholder consultation workshops

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Timelines
Activities

JFMAMJJASON

D

Revision and drafting
Public comment
Revision
Copyediting, design, printing
LaunchGlobal Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

2. Technical contents

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accountingPurpose of the GPC
1. Help cities develop a comprehensive and robust GHG
inventory to support climate action planning
2. Ensure consistent and transparent measurement andreporting of GHG emissions between cities
3. Enable cities to report mitigation performance in nationalor international framework
4. Demonstrate the importance of cities in tackling climatechange, and facilitate insight through benchmarking, andaggregation, of comparable data

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accountingRelationship to other metrics
The GPC builds upon the knowledge, experiences, andpractices of existing standards
IPCC

IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

ICLEI

International Local Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol

UNEP, UN Habitat,World BankInternational Standard for Determining Greenhouse Gas Emissions
for Cities
U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting ofGreenhouse Gas Emissions

ICLEI-USA
GHG Protocol

GHG Protocol standards

Covenant of Mayors
BSIBaseline Emissions Inventory / Monitoring Emissions Inventory
methodology
PAS 2070: Specification for the assessment of greenhouse gas
emissions of a city

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accountingKey features of the GPC
 Emphasis on both production and consumption-basedemissions
 Emphasis on boundary issues to separate inboundary &transboundary emissions (enable data aggregation)
 Reporting: Territorial, compatible with IPCC Guidelines
 Community-driven activities (inboundary “plus”)
 Use of notation keys and indicative data quality
assessment
Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Assessment boundaries
 Time period

GHGs

 Greenhouse gases
 Geographic boundaries
 Emission sources

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Scope framework

Scope 1
Emissions

Scope 2Emissions

Scope 3Emissions

All GHG emissions
from sources locatedwithin the boundaryof the city

All GHG emissions
occurring as aconsequence of theuse of grid-supplied
electricity, heating
and/or cooling within
the city boundary

All other GHG
emissions that occur
outside the cityboundary as a resultof activities within thecity’s boundary

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Geographic boundaries and scopes

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Emission sources
IPCC SECTORSGPC SECTORS
Stationary Energy
Sources

EnergyTransportation
IPPU

IPPU

Waste

Waste

AFOLU

AFOLU

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accountingSub-sectors
GPC

Stationary

Transportation

Waste

IPPU

AFOLU

Residential

Road

Solid waste
disposalIndustrial
processes

Livestock

Commercial &institutional

Railways

Biologicaltreatment

Product use

Land use

Manufacturing

Water‐borne
navigation

Incineration
and burning

Energyindustries

Aviation

Wastewater
treatment

Other andfugitive

Off‐road

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

Other scope 3

Other

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accountingReporting levels

Expanded
Basic+Basic
Scope 1
• Energy-Stationary*• Energy-Transportation• Wastes*
Scope 2
Scope 3
• Wastes

Scope 1
• Energy-Stationary*• Energy-Transportation• Wastes*• IPPU• AFOLU• IPPU
Scope 2
Scope 3
• Wastes• Transportation

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

Full coverage of
Scopes 1, 2, and 3

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accountingSectors
STATIONARY ENERGY
Residential buildings
Commercial buildings
Institutional buildings
Manufacturing industries and construction
Energy industries
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing activities
Non-specified sources
Mining, processing, storage, and transportation of coal
Oil and natural gas systemsTRANSPORTATION
On-roadRailways
Water-borne navigation
Aviation
Off-road
WASTE
Solid waste disposal
Biological treatment of waste
Incineration and open burning
Wastewater treatment and discharge
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE (IPPU)
Industrial processes
Product use
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND LAND USE (AFOLU)
LivestockBASIC
Land
BASIC+Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Other agriculture
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)
OTHER INDIRECT EMISSIONS

Scope 1

Scope 2

Scope 3xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accountingx

Territorial v GPC Basic Territorial = A+B
 GPC Basic = B+C

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Methodology: Example 1•

CH4 from enteric fermentation and manure management•

CH4 = (N(T) * EF(Enteric, T)) + (N(T) * EF(Manure, T))

where T = species; N = number of animals; and EF = emission factor
Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Methodology: Example 2•

CH4 from solid waste sent to landfill (methane commitment)

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accountingReporting requirements
Assessment
boundary• Geographic boundary and city overview• Emission sources, reporting period and level

Emissions• Emissions by gas, source, scope• Exclusions

Methodologies &data quality• Methodologies• Data quality

Emission changes
over time• Base year
• Emissions profile over time
• Base year emissions recalculation

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accountingReporting templates
GPC
ref no.

Scope

I
I.1
I.1.1
I.1.2
I.1.3
I.2

12
3

I.2.1
I.2.2
I.2.3
I.3

12
3

I.3.1
I.3.2
I.3.3
I.4
I.4.1
I.4.2
I.4.3

12
3

I.4.4
I.5
I.5.1
I.5.2
I.5.3
I.6
I.6.1
I.6.2
I.6.3

1

1
2
3

1
2
3
1
2
3

GHG Emissions Source

Notation keys
IE

STATIONARY ENERGY SOURCES
Residential buildings
Emissions from in-boundary fuelcombustion
Emissions from consumption of grid-supplied energy
Transmission and distribution losses from grid-supplied energy
Commercial and institutional buildings / facilities
Emissions from in-boundary fuelcombustion
Emissions from consumption of grid-supplied energy
Transmission and distribution losses from grid-supplied energy
Manufacturing industry and construction
Emissions from in-boundary fuelcombustion
Emissions from consumption of grid-supplied energy
Transmission and distribution losses from grid-supplied energy
Energy industries
Emissions from in-boundary production of grid-supplied energy
Emissions from consumption of grid-supplied energy
Transmission and distribution losses from grid-supplied energy
Emissions from in-boundary production of energy used inauxiliary operations
Agriculture, forestry and fishing activities
Emissions from in-boundary fuel combustion
Emissions from consumption of grid-supplied energy
Transmission and distribution losses from grid-supplied energy
Non-specified sources
Emissions from in-boundary fuel combustion
Emissions from consumption of grid-supplied energy
Transmission and distribution losses from grid-supplied energy

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

NENO

NA

Greenhouse gas emissions (tCO2e)
CO2

CH4

N2O

HFCPFC

SF6

NF3

CO2e

CO2(b)

Data
QualityADEF

Explanation

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Contact:

Thank You!

Wee Kean Fongwkfong@wri.org
www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting

Global Protocol For Community-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting