Annex 4A.1

Annex 4A.1 Tool for Estimation of Changes in Soil Carbon
Stocks associated with Management Changes inCroplands and Grazing Lands based on IPCCDefault Data(see the attached CD-ROM)

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Annex 4A.2

Examples of allometric equations for estimating
aboveground biomass and belowground biomassof trees

TABLE 4.A.1
ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR ESTIMATING ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS (KG DRY MATTER PER TREE)OF TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE HARDWOOD AND PINE SPECIESForest typea

R2/samplesize

DBH range(cm)

Tropical moist hardwoods

0.98/226

5 - 148

Tropical wet hardwoods

0.92/176

4 - 112

Y = 0.887 + [(10486 • (DBH)2.84) / ((DBH2.84) + 376907)]

Temperate/tropical pines

0.98/137

0.6 - 56

Y = 0.5 + [(25000 • (DBH)2.5) / ((DBH2.5) + 246872)]

Temperate US eastern
hardwoods

0.99/454

1.3 - 83.2

EquationY = exp[–2.289 + 2.649 • ln (DBH) – 0.021 • (ln(DBH))2]
Y = 21.297 – 6.953 • (DBH) + 0.740 • (DBH)

2

Where
Y= aboveground dry matter, kg (tree)-1
DBH =diameter at breast height, cm
ln = natural logarithm
exp = “e raised to the power of”
aTropical moist generally represent areas with rainfall of between 2000 to 4000 mm/year in the lowlands;
tropical wet is suited for areas with rainfall greater than 4000 mm/year in the lowlands (see Brown, 1997 forfurther discussion).

Sources: Updated from Brown, 1997; Brown and Schroeder, 1999; Schroeder et al., 1997

TABLE 4.A.2
ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR ESTIMATING ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS OF PALM TREES (KG DRY MATTER PER TREE)COMMON IN TROPICAL HUMID FORESTS OF LATIN AMERICA. THE NUMBER OF HARVESTED TREES WAS 15 FOR EACH
SPECIESR2Height range(HT in m)

Chrysophylla sp

0.94

0.5-10.0

Attalea cohune

0.94

0.5-15.7

Sabal sp0.82

0.2-14.5

Attalea phalerata

0.62

1-11

Euterpe precatoria &Phenakospermun guianensis

0.75

1-33

Equation

Palm species

Y = 0.182 + 0.498 • HT + 0.049 • (HT)2
Y = 10.856 + 176.76 • (HT) – 6.898 • (HT)2
Y = 24.559 + 4.921 • HT + 1.017 • (HT)Y = 23.487 + 41.851 • (ln(HT))

22

Y= 6.666 + 12.826 • (HT0.5) • ln(HT)Where
Y = aboveground dry matter, kg (tree)-1
HT = height of the trunk, meters (for palms this is the main stem, excluding the fronds)
ln = natural logarithm
Source: Delaney et al., 1999; Brown et al., 2001

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TABLE 4.A.3
EXAMPLES OF ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR ESTIMATING ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS (KG OF DRY MATTER PER TREE) OFSOME INDIVIDUAL SPECIES COMMONLY USED IN THE TROPICS

EquationSpecies

Y = 0.153 • DBH2.382

Tectona grandis b

Y = 0.0908 • DBH

2.575

c

Y = 0.0103 • DBH

2.993

Tectona grandis

Bombacopsis quinatum

dR2

Height for
DBH/BA(cm)aDiameter
range
(cm)

Source0.98

13010-59

10.98

130

17-45

20.97

13014-46

3

Y = 1.22 • DBH • HT • 0.01

Eucalyptus sp.

e0.97

1301-31

4

Y = 0.08859 • DBH2.235

Pinus pinaster f0.98

100-47

5

Y = 0.97 + 0.078 • BA – 0.00094 • BA +0.0000064 • BA3Bactris gasipaes g

0.98

1002-126

Y = –3.9 + 0.23 • BA + 0.0015 • BA2

Theobroma grandiflora g

0.93

30

6-1860.99

1506-2060.94

30

8-1760.99

1308-266222

Y = –3.84 + 0.528 • BA + 0.001 • BAHevea brasiliensis

Y = –6.64 + 0.279 • BA + 0.000514 • BA2

Citrus sinensis g2

Y = –18.1 + 0.663 • BA + 0.000384 • BA

g

Bertholletia excelsagWhere
Y = aboveground dry matter, kg (tree)-1DBH =diameter, cm
HT = total height of the tree, meters
BA = basal area, cm2aHeight for DBH/BA is height above ground where diameter or basal area was measured, cmb87 individuals at ages of 5-47 years.

c

9 individuals at age of 20 years.

d

17 individuals at ages of 10-26 years.

ePooled values for 458 individuals of Eucalyptus ovata, E. saligna, E. globulus and E. nites at ages of 2-5 years.

f148 individuals at ages of 1-47 years.

g

7-10 individuals at age of 7 years.

Sources: (1) Pérez and Kanninen, 2003; (2) Kraenzel et al., 2003; (3) Pérez and Kanninen, 2002; (4) Senelwa and Sims, 1998;(5) Ritson and Sochacki, 2003; (6) Schroth et al., 2002.

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TABLE 4.A.4
ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR ESTIMATING BELOWGROUND OR ROOT BIOMASS OF FORESTSALTHOUGH ADDITION OF AGE AND LATITUDE DID NOT INCREASE THE R2 BY VERY MUCH, THE COEFFICIENTS WEREHIGHLY SIGNIFICANTConditions and independent variables

EquationSample size

R2All forests, ABD

Y=exp[–1.085 + 0.9256 • ln(ABD)]

151

0.83

All forests, ABD and AGE

Y=exp[–1.3267+0.8877•ln(ABD)+0.1045•ln(AGE)

109

0.84

Tropical forests, ABD

Y=exp[–1.0587 + 0.8836 • ln(ABD)]

151

0.84

Temperate forests, ABD

Y=exp[–1.0587 + 0.8836 • ln(ABD) + 0.2840]

151

0.84

Boreal forests, ABD

Y=exp[–1.0587 + 0.8836 • ln(ABD) + 0.1874]

151

0.84

Where
Y= root biomass in Mg ha-1 of dry matterln = natural logarithm
exp = “e to the power of”
ABD = aboveground biomass in Mg ha-1 of dry matter
AGE = age of the forest, years
Source: Cairns et al., 1997

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