The Ventenna Company LLC
Radials for the Ground-Mounted HFp Vertical
Any ground-mounted quarter-wave vertical requires some sort of counterpoise.
Although simply connecting the ground side of the feed system to earth groundcan provide a degree of operability, metallic conductors (radials) make thecounterpoise much more effective.
Many people putting up a ground-mounted vertical (especially if it's only for
temporary use) think that radials of indeterminate length will work about
as well as anything. Nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, it ispossible that incorrectly-sized radials could render the antenna (and theconnected radio) completely inoperative and useless.
Tests made with the Ventenna Company's HFp Portable HF antenna show conclusively that correctlysized radial lengths (tuned radials) are critical to the antenna's proper operation.
An HFp was set up for 20-meter operation, and connected to a network analyzer so that the return loss
at the base of the antenna could be measured (return loss is essentially the inverse of SWR - the data
presented here has been converted to SWR). The HFp normally uses three radials, arranged at 120ºangles for equal spacing around the base of the antenna. The radials were set up in this manner, andvaried in length (all three being set to the same length for each measurement) from 27 ft. to 4.5 ft., withreturn loss measurements taken at the different lengths. The accompanying chart shows the results ofthe tests.
Radial Length vs SWR (HFp - 20M)
4.00

3.50

SWR

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00
27.5

24.5

23.0

21.5

20.0

18.5

16.0

14.5

13.0

11.5

Radial Length (Ft.)

P.O. Box 2995, Citrus Heights, California 95611
Phone/FAX - 888-624-7069
www.ventenna.com

10.0

8.5

6.0

4.5

The Ventenna Company LLC
Radials for the Ground-Mounted HFp Vertical (Cont'd)
Although the quarter-wave length at 20 Meters (which might be thought to be a correct radial length) isabout 17.5 ft., it can be easily seen from the chart that the longest the radials should be is about 14.5 ft.
In fact, any length between about 6 ft. and 14.5 ft. will work equally well, providing an SWR of about
1.15:1 to 1.2:1 across this length range.
It can also be easily seen that a radial length longer than 20 ft. renders the antenna essentially useless,with the SWR being over 3:1 at these lengths. (It is possible that even longer radial lengths would
bring the SWR back down, but these tests were not made.)
Most modern radios will refuse to operate into a load mismatched as high as 3:1 SWR, and, even if theradio would transmit, only 2/3 of the power generated by the radio would be absorbed and radiated by
the antenna. The rest would be just heating up the coax.
Number of Radials One other consideration is the number of radials. Often there is a"more is better" concept - that more radials will make the antenna
perform better. Shown here is a home-brew antenna with lots ofradials attached to a base plate. Obviously this is a difficult andtime-consuming antenna to construct and set up.
Tests with the HFp show that morethan three radials do not materiallycontribute to the effectivity of theantenna over ground with reasonable conductivity. However, Dennis
Reagin, W7KB, who lives in Arizona, has shown that if the ground isvery dry or stony, a fourth radial can be helpful. Because the HFp isprovided with a 1/4-20 stud on the base plate for the radial connection
point, it is easy to experiment with the radials.
The standard HFp kit includes three radial wires, wound on plastic
spools, and marked at the correct tuned length for each Amateur HF
band. The included Laminated Card shows how to set the radials to thecorrect length for each band.
In Conclusion Correct length radials are critical to the operation of a ground-mounted vertical antenna. In addition,
more than three radials do not normally add to the antenna's effectiveness.
The Ventenna Company's HFp-Vertical Antenna includes three radial wires and the instructions foreasily setting the radials to the correct length for each of the Amateur HF bands. The HFp also
provides the means for an interested person to easily experiment with both radial lengths and numberof radials.
Copyright - The Ventenna Company – Oct, 2011

P.O. Box 2995, Citrus Heights, California 95611
Phone/FAX - 888-624-7069
www.ventenna.com