Report of “the Health Education to Consider the Preciousness of Life II” from the Newsletter of “School Health” by JSSH
第 325 号
P2-3
特集 いのちの大切さを考える健康教育Ⅱ （全５回予定）

Special Issue “Health Education to Consider the Preciousness of Life” II (Total of
5 editions planned)「いのちの大切さ」視点から考える性に関する教育の在り方

The future form of education relating to sexuality which gives consideration to “The母子愛育会総合母子保健センター 愛育病院 副院長 安達 知子

Preciousness of Life” Tomoko Adachi, Vice Director, Aiiku Maternal and Child
Health Center, Aiiku Hospital

はじめにIntroduction「いのちの大切さ」は、幼いころより日常生活の中で身近な生き It would be preferable that we think about and nurture the Preciousness of Life
物のいのちからその大切さを考えて育っていくことが望ましい。人

during encounters with the familiar living things in our everyday lives from a young

として生まれて、豊かで幸せな人生を歩むうえで、いのちの大切さ

age. The most important thing after being born as a human being in leading a richを考えていくことは最も重要なことである。具体的には、子供たち

and happy life is to think about the preciousness of life. Specifically, I hope that we

自らが、生まれた時をふりかえり、あるいは母の胎内に宿り、成長

can achieve the sustainment of a sense of self-esteem in children in appreciation of

してきたことを考えられるように、または、親、家族から愛されて

the essential elements of their own lives. This will allow them to reflect on their

成長してきたことを実感して、自分のいのちがかけがえのないもの

birth; the time spent in their mother’s wombs and their subsequent growth; and to getであるという自尊心を養うことができるようにしたい。

a real sense of having grown up with the love of their parents and family.

子供たちの発達段階に合わせて、いのちの大切さを考える内容は

The content involved in consideration of the preciousness of life will be

変化し発展する。自分のみならず周囲のいのちを大切にし、男女のmodified and developed in line with a child’s developmental stage. The capacity to関係も含めた弱い立場の人を尊重できることは必要で、自分が大切

hold dear not just oneself and the lives of those around you, but to also respect thoseに思っていることを相手に尊重してもらいたいのと同様に、相手がin weaker positions than oneself, whether or not they are male or female is required.

大切に思っていること、していることを尊重することができなくて

At the same time as we think about ourselves as precious beings and ask others to1

はならない。これらの考え方や行動を上手に誘導、指導することはrespect us as such, we must also develop the capacity to respect the opinions and

養護教諭の重要な仕事の 1 つである。

actions of others. The adept induction and instruction in these modes of thought andここでは、子供たちが自分たちで「いのちの大切さ」を考えていbehaviors are among the important duties of a nursing teacher (YOGO teacher).

くためのテーマやことばがけ、健康教育の基礎知識などについて述At this point, I will describe the themes, choices of wording, and basic

べる。

knowledge of health education required to have children think for themselves about
the “Preciousness of Life.”

1. 自分が生まれてきた日のことを家族に聞いてみよう。
対象が学童期であれば、自分が生まれた状況、その時に家族がど

1. Ask your family about the day you were born
If your subjects are of school age, have them interview their families about the

う思ったのか、家族に対しインタビューしてもらう。自分が赤ちゃcircumstances of their birth and how their family felt at this time. Have them look at

んの時の写真を見て、赤ちゃんの自分をどう思ったか、身の回りでpictures of themselves as babies, and ask how they felt about themselves as such. If

赤ちゃんが誕生していれば（弟、妹、動物など）、その時どのようthere have been any babies born in their immediate sphere (a younger brother, sister,に感じたか、感想を書いてもらおう。

animal, etc.), ask them how they felt at that time. Also have them write about theirimpressions.

2. 生きていることを実感しよう。

2. Let’s get a real sense of being alive

どのような時に、生きていることを実感するのか？以前より成長

At what kinds of times do you have a real sense that you are alive? At what kinds of

した（大人に近づいた）と感じるときはどのような時なのか？幸せtimes do you get a sense that you have grown (become more adult) compared to how

な気持ちになるのはどのような時なのか？親に褒めてもらったの

you were before? At what kinds of times are you filled with a sense of happiness? At

はどのような時なのか？褒めてもらった時にどのように感じたの

what kinds of times are you praised by their parents? How did it feel when you

か？ 友人と話し合ってみよう。

received such praise? Talk about this with your friends.

3. あなたが生まれてきたのは本当に貴重な、極めて稀な確率の賜

3. You’re having been born is truly a rare and precious gift

物。

Explain the phenomenon of reproduction. Explain where each person’s life begins

2

生殖という現象を説明する。男女、雌雄などの配偶子、受精してthrough the process of growth from an extremely tiny single cell (fertilized egg) of

人間のスタートとなる極めて小さい 1 つの細胞（受精卵）からの発 the male and female gametes, to learn scientifically about the “Preciousness of Life.”
育の過程を説明し、「大切ないのち」を科学的にも学習する。

In humans, the ovum is 0.1 mm in diameter. Open a hole in a dark black piece

ヒトの場合、卵子の直径は 0.1ｍｍ、真っ黒な紙に縫い針で穴をof paper using a sewing needle, hold a light to that paper, and allow them to get a

あけて、その穴を光にかざして、この大きさが、自身のルーツであsense for themselves that this was the size of the fertilized egg from which they

る受精卵の大きさであったことを実感してもらう。生まれた時の赤originally came. Body length of a newborn baby is 50 cm. How is your height now?

ちゃんは身長 50ｃｍ、今のあなたは？ｃｍ。

There are around two million ova in the body (ovaries) of a female from birth.

卵子は、生まれた時から女子の体内の卵巣にあり、約 200 万個の As they get older this reduces, and at around age 50 these dissipate completely.
卵子は、齢を重ねるごとに減少して、50 歳頃には消滅する。精子は、 Sperms, unlike ova, are made in the testes in the body of men every day, and they
卵子と異なり、日々男性の体内の精巣でつくられ、男性の体内から struggle with all their might to reach the ovum. Only a single sperm from the 200 to
女性の体内に入るのは 2 億～3 億個で、卵子に到達するまで必死に

300 million which enter the female body from the male body combines with the egg

運動し、たった 1 つの精子だけが卵子と合体して受精卵になる。卵 to become a fertilized egg. The ovum is the single selection from two million; the子からは 200 万分の 1、精子からは 2 億～3 億分の 1 の確率で選ば

sperm from two to three hundred million, to make the single-cell gamete which will

れた配偶子が 1 つの細胞（受精卵）をつくり、世界で 1 つだけのい become an adorable and precious life unique in the world.
とおしい貴重ないのちとなる。

4. Mechanisms of pregnancy/childbirth
4. 妊娠・出産のためのしくみ

All living things have mechanisms to leave behind their own progeny. The body

生きているものは、自分たちの子孫を残すための仕組みを持って develops at puberty (from age eight to around 17 or 18), and male and female sex
いる。思春期（8 歳頃から 17〜18 歳頃まで）に身体が発育してきて、 hormones are produced and that mechanism is completed. These are called
男女の性ホルモンが産生され、その仕組みが完成するが、これを第 secondary sexual characteristics (Figure 1). In humans, there is a major mechanism
二次性徴とよぶ（表 1）。人の場合は、女性の体内にその主な仕組み

for this process in the female body. Ovulation, the phenomenon whereby the ovum isがある。おおよそ 1 ヵ月の周期で、卵巣から卵子が飛び出す「排卵」 released from the ovaries, as well as menstruation, which occurs due to the changes
や、胎児をはぐくむための子宮の中の環境変化による「月経」がお in the environment of the uterus where the embryo is nurtured, occuring at around
こる。一方、男性は精子を女性の体内に送るための仕組みがある。 one month intervals. Meanwhile there is also a mechanism for the male sperm to be3

これらの仕組みを健康に維持することは大切であり、仕組みが正常

delivered to the female body. The healthy maintenance of these mechanisms isに機能しなければ、自身が病気になったり辛い思いをするか、妊娠

important, and if these mechanisms do not function correctly you will get sick and

できない状態（不妊）になったり、赤ちゃんにトラブルが生じたり

experience unpleasant sensations. You may also be unable to get pregnant (infertile),する。性交を持つと、女性の体内に男性から精子が送り込まれ、妊or problems may occur with the infant. During sexual intercourse, the male releases

娠する可能性がある。表 2 に、思春期男女へのアドバイスの留意点 sperm into the body of the female and there is a chance of pregnancy. In Figure 2,を示す。女子の場合は、月経の異常、例えば、無月経や月経困難症、 important advice for adolescent males and females to keep in mind is shown. For
気になる帯下などがあれば、思春期の成長の過程の中の比較的問題

girls, provide an environment where they can consult with a Nursing Teacher if theyのない現象なのか、病気などが隠れているのか、養護教諭に相談でexperience any menstrual abnormalities. This may involve consultation on

きる環境を整備する。

comparatively normal phenomenon during the process of adolescent growth or those

妊娠は順調に経過すれば約 10 ヵ月間つづき、その間、胎児は女性の胎内（子宮内）で栄養をもらって育ち、約 3000ｇの大きさになって生まれてくる。出産の時には、子宮という筋肉の袋が約半日とwhich may indicate an underlying illness, for example amenorrhea (no period) or
dysmenorrhea (menstrual abnormalities), or troubling vaginal discharge.
If pregnancy proceeds normally over the course of approximately 10 months,

いう長い時間をかけて収縮と弛緩を繰り返し（陣痛）、赤ちゃんは、 the fetus is nourished by the female’s womb (in utero) and grows. When it reaches
子宮の中から産道を通って生まれてくるか、状況によって医師が子 around 3000 g birth occurs. During childbirth, a bag of tissue called the uterus
宮を切開する帝王切開によって生まれてくる。もしも、受精卵や赤 repeatedly contracts and relaxes (contractions) over a long period of around half a
ちゃんが上手に成長できなかったりすると、流産や早産といって、 day. The infant then travels along the birth canal to be born or in some cases is born
妊娠が中途半端に終了したり、場合によっては、赤ちゃんは亡くな by caesarian section whereby the obstetrician makes an incision. In cases where theってしまう。流産の確率は 10〜15％といわれ、妊娠しても生まれる

fertilized egg or the baby do not grow well, pregnancy may be interrupted part-way

までのハードルは高い。

through. This is known as a miscarriage or premature birth. In certain cases, the baby
may die during pregnancy. There is said to be a 10-15% rate of miscarriage and even
if pregnancy does occur this represents a significant hurdle.

4

Figure 1. Changes in male and female bodies during adolescence
Female bodies◆Entire body becomes morecurvaceous◆Breasts develop◆Underarm and pubic hair

grows
◆Menarche (first period)

occursMale bodies◆Entire body becomes more

sturdy◆Voice changes◆Facial hair growth◆Underarm and pubic hair
◆Experience first ejaculation

Figure 2. Advice to male and female adolescents■The bodies and minds of males and females are different■All living things have behaviors (phenomenon) which are intended to create babies(called reproduction) and leave behind their own progeny■In humans, this structure used to bear children is found in the bodies of females■This structure becomes complete in adolescence■Menstruation is a phenomenon exclusive to females. It is evidence that the female has
become an adult, meaning that a period is something to be positively embraced■There are individual variations in every female’s periods and they can easily be
accompanied by a variety of symptoms■Work with the period experienced cyclically every month over a long period of time
■Both males and females must maintain the health of the mechanisms which are involved
in reproduction■There are age limits by which reproduction will occur. However, this is in a future
period of time long after one has grown beyond adolescence, etc.

5

5. 親になること、子育てすること

5. Becoming a parent, raising children

人の赤ちゃんは生まれて 1 年以上、自分で立つことも、食事をとFor more than a year after birth, a baby is unable to stand on their own or to feed

ることもできない。親やまわりの保護者がいろいろな世話をし、生themselves. They rely on their parents and various guardians in their surroundings,

きる知恵をさずけ、教育を行い、愛情をたくさん注いでくれて、子and are imparted with the knowledge needed to live. Then, once they have been

供たちは長い年月をかけて大人になる。思春期のあなたはまだ大人

educated and given lots of love over a long period of months and years, this child canになっていない。もしも今、性交を持ったら？一定の割合で妊娠すbecome an adult. You as adolescents have yet to become adults. If some of you wereる。残念ながら一定の割合で性感染症を起こすかもしれない。出産

to begin having sex? A given proportion of you would fall pregnant. Unfortunately, a

したら？親になったら？どのようなことが起きるのか、皆で考えて

certain percentage of you may also get sexually transmitted diseases. What if you got

みよう。今の生活は？勉強は？進学は？生活力は？人間力は？将来

pregnant? What if you became a parent? Each of you must think about what kinds ofの夢は？ 何より望まれないで生まれた子供は、自身のことを大切 things would happen. Your current lifestyle? Your studies? Your further schooling?
ないのちであると考えられるであろうか？すべての子供たちが望Your capacity to make a living? Your personal development? Your future dreams?

まれて生まれ、自尊心を育んで、元気に育っていただきたい。

Above all, would a child, born from an unwanted pregnancy, be able to think ofhis/her life as precious? I hope that each child to be born wanted, and raised with
self-respect, and happily.

6. 望まない妊娠・出産をしないために、何ができるのだろうか。

6. Is it possible to avoid unwanted pregnancy/childbirth?

望まない妊娠の結果を表 3 に示す。望まない妊娠を防ぐためには、 The results of unwanted pregnancies are shown in Figure 3. In order to avoid
まずは、性交を持てば妊娠はおこりうること、性交を持ってから来unwanted pregnancy, first realize that there is a possibility that pregnancy will occur

るべき次回の月経が遅れているようなら、妊娠の可能性が高いこと

if you have sex. Understand that there is a high chance that pregnancy has occurredを理解する。性交を持たない選択は重要であり、それがどうしても

if it seems that one’s next menstruation does not come at the time when it should be

無理ならば、しっかり確実な避妊を行う。

after having sex. Not having sex is thus an important choice. If for whatever reason

もしかして妊娠したかもしれないと考えたら、尿から検査する妊 sex is unavoidable, take certain and reliable birth control measures.
娠検査薬を薬局で購入して判断する。もしも妊娠していたのならば

If you think that you may be pregnant, you can buy a pregnancy kit in a

産婦人科を受診し、正常な妊娠なのか診断を受ける必要がある。妊pharmacy and confirm this with a urine test. If you find out that you are pregnant, it

6娠検査薬の購入にも産婦人科受診にも金銭的な負担がある。速やかis necessary to undergo an examination at an obstetrics and gynecology unit, andに信頼できる大人、できれば家族、無理なら養護教諭に相談するよ

have a formal diagnosis of pregnancy. Both buying a pregnancy kit and undergoing

う指導する。力になってくれる、と子供たちに信頼される関係を作

an examination at an obstetrics and gynecology unit imply financial burdens.

り、相談しやすい環境を整備することは重要である。また、無防備 Promptly consult and receive guidance from a trustworthy adult, preferably a family
な性交を持った際には、緊急避妊の方法で、望まない妊娠をかなり

member, or if this is not possible, a nursing teacher (YOGO teacher). It is importantの確率で回避できることを伝えておく必要もある。

to provide an environment in which you can be of assistance and create trust

人工妊娠中絶に対しては、その決定や行為を受け止めてあげるこ

relationships whereby children can feel at ease in consulting. It is also necessary toとは必要で、妊娠 22 週になればその手術は受けられないこと、でconvey that if you have had unprotected sex, an emergency form of contraception

きれば手術は妊娠早期のからだに負担のない時期に受けるように

which allows a fairly high degree of avoiding pregnancy is available.

することが必要である。また、万一 22 週を過ぎていれば出産しな

As it is necessary to deal with the decision and act itself, and because an

ければならないが、自身や家族が育てられない時に、子供を育てる abortion cannot be completed after the 22nd week of pregnancy, if possible the他の方法があることも情報提供する必要がある。また、次の妊娠で operation must be completed at an early stage of pregnancy to minimize the burden
は幸せな出産ができるように、大切ないのちの誕生と考えられるよ on the body. It is also necessary to convey information that there are means to have
うに、妊娠を望まない期間はしっかり確実な避妊をするようにアド children raised by others if they or their families are unable to do so, as birth must
バイスを行っていただきたい。

proceed after the 22nd week of pregnancy. Also, you should advise on the necessity
for certain and reliable contraceptive measures to avoid pregnancy at an inopportune
time, so that the birth will be a happy event the next time pregnancy occurs, and thatthey will be able to reflect on the fact that the life they are bringing into the world isprecious.

7

Figure 3. What are the results from unwanted adolescent pregnancies?
●Abortion●Childbirth → Sending child to a public facility forthe care of infants who cannot be cared for at homeor to a foster home
●Discontinuation of schooling (withdrawal
from/suspension of schooling)●Deterioration of relationship with/separation from partner

Children who havebeen born in unwanted
circumstances are
at risk of abuse●Heavy mental and physical blow

おわりにConclusion

中学生、高校生となって、異性を好きになれば、徐々に二人の関If you become romantically involved after becoming a junior high or high school

係が深まることは予想される。デートＤＶなど、恋愛と性暴力の境

student, it can be anticipated that your relationship will gradually become more

が分かりづらいこともある。男性と女性の体とこころの違いを理解

profound. There are areas in which it is difficult to distinguish between love andする、とくに小さい、弱い立場の相手を尊重する姿勢などが、大切 sexual violence, including dating violence. Understanding the differences between
ないのちの教育の延長にあることを理解することが必要である。

the bodies and minds of girls and boys, and in particular having attitudes which
respect the small and weak status of others, is necessary for the will to extend a
precious life.

8