
J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
B
No. 3+, p. +/ ,- ,**,


ῌ *ῌ**ῌ

**Inﬂuence of Temperature/Water Condition on the Acidiﬁcation Processof Sediment in Lake Kojima
Kaoru UENO*, Tadashi ADACHI** and Hajime NARIOKA*** The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University,-῎+῎+ Tsushima-naka, Okayama 1**῎2/-*, Japan** Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Okayama University,-῎+῎+ Tsushima-naka, Okayama 1**῎2/-*, Japan
Abstract
In acid sulfate soils, the material which causes heavy acidity is sulfate ; mainly pyrite (FeS,),
produced from the sediments in the sea that contain a lot of organic matter and sulphuric acid andsubjected to heavy reductive conditions. In the process of sulphuric acid production, particularly in the primary acidity stage, chemical acidity and bacterial acidity act together.

Thesebacteria (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans) contribute a major role as catalysts.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the acidiﬁcation

process and the temperature and water content conditions through an incubation experimentation. Results are listed as follows :(ῌ)

In +*῎/*temperature conditions, the soil was acidiﬁed more strongly at high tempera-ture by chemical oxidation accompanied by high evaporation rate.

The acidiﬁcation was

stopped when the quantity of evaporation became lower than the level of soil moisture.
(῍)

When keeping the water condition with almost no evaporation, the speed of acidiﬁcationis slow but continuous. At -*and at around-+.* kPa, the acidity is extremely strong.

The above results show that the speed of evaporation inﬂuences the acidiﬁcation process andmicrostructure of the soil matrix. Drying is also an important factor that inﬂuences acidity due
to bacterial activity.
Key words : acid sulfate soils, temperature, water content, acidity, microorganisms!VWX+B5NYS GZ[D\] !^D+    $_E;`*aB$J!FGHGI5 *  !"

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

16

 +323    Table +

Fundamental physical and chemical
properties of sample soils      !"#! $% 
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*4.2_`]^ SL 'kgῌkg
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pH 'H, O,
,4./
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C"A9 'DE +30+

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

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ZD +320 ;  +323 Z!

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4 r)

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 < p ¡V ¢zV£v ¤ 6u  u -/} E61(cEd< I¤ 6@ (x% +¤ p 6 -*}= E2(. {| es(2

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-ῌ ῎

17

῍

-+ 

   ῍+ 

 SiCL   pH  1.-0 !

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pH IJ  K῍+

 pH  L0EF

M $0 NO67 , P QR  S67TU 3*.. VF4 WXY Z[(\D]^ _-/` 67 /*` EM 3Kabc4  d\pH <(Y  ef]^ W ghij῏ῌ+<Y67 . P Q pH \D EBCklm]^ n -/` M .*` M.%8TU

Fig. +

m6 Q . P op /*` M pH \Dqr]^ns7t 2 P

u.%ef]^@ABCD$©> pH IJ

Changes in pH under di#erent temperature in drying condition.

v

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} W~ 

>  }  +)F 3Degree of acidity, op Da <>4

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|td pH S pHmin ; ERa |t pH \D]^neOJ pH S d ;pH \D]^neO>QP>  Y~ ,. ,. ,pH \Dn|/ d S<67 pH

῏ῌ,

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0S<n *.+ ot¡S@ABCD$©>+)F Da

Changes of soil acidity (Da) in drying
condition.

pHmin < QPd <0¢£¬M"¦ \D EFz m/ ­¤n

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pH <"¦¥0

w GHK῍-.§  w-.** kgῌkg 67 +.2* kgῌkg ¨$©>@(% Se>ef0 "¦ *.,* kgῌkg .%8@A±%  34 ¦

AªV L0EFM $0 pH nWX W,²c 3K῍.4 32+.* kPa 3pF ..*4 oW ³´ghij 3pH 2.+,«2.--4

0<%\D]^ v(

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ZhH

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f`V n3E[\#)od6p q3
O pH rZpm#3-sO&'@SRῌ/b a  bcd 5) CD#tu=]Y 2v
῏ῌ-$%CDE#F: pH

 w KL

Fig. -

Relation between pH and water content
in drying condition.

PGR Z# pH 3EhH)i=g PGReVr
wxf'@ ?ey# -*Q 5)SR#od6WpSRz{g#SR5)P-CD#F: pH 3E|&xf'@2v}~OB #:' GH (IJH Da O ῌ0 #&'@SR5) w+.,* kgῌkg #-` Da-*QDa/*Q
V GH#eV ,.* 69f'@ ?]# &` w
 *./* kg ῌ kg e *.+/ kg ῌ kg #-`) Da-*Q 
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'
 qPs

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V +.2,.. 6 f'@

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Sῌ*./* kgῌkg R

q3s Sῌ+.,*kgῌkg R 6) / #r& (I J#-`GHCD# :tuod-? O&`-'@?]/#:O  ῌ. ῏ῌ.
Fig. .

¹º

x/B:  (I Jqrg

p'CD w+.,* kgῌkg ) 0-+.* kPa ;59f'@soil moisture curve of sample soils.

 

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kgῌkg   !"#$%&

.ῌ ῍

῎

.A+ $%CD#F:GH (I J#-` pH 2

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L'@ ' PGR´#F: pH µ¶) ·¸²³/]

{| : }~)*-+ῌtuvw ῌῌ/Fig. /

19

rstuvwb pH xy]

Changes in pH on three levels of water content.

ῌῌ0

rstuvwb)*+ Da

ῌῌ1Fig. 0Di#erences of soil acidity (Da) on threelevels of water content.

rstuvwb)*+ Da -+z

Fig. 1

Ratio of Da/*?/Da-*? on three levels ofwater content.

 

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-+, +*o-1? >3p RSTU-+,m)

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20

ῌῌ2Fig. 2@¹%L6

-/  -*   +330  
 -/  &LN"+,/+ %:8 09 LN
6%%"6,-. LWX %3k56 J  "JJ7

()"*+ -/

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#$",-. .*

O»U

Types of soil acidiﬁcation in di#erent temperature.

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

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Fig. 3 hiVW¢£;!0¥¦§ R¨©ST

Types of habitat of bacteria in di#erent water content.


 -*ῌ

Table ,

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566789 w:*.+/ kgῌkg #;!<= >?+@A56BCDE6
FGH Da IJ

!ῌ+.,* kgῌkg " $6

 Da-* KDa/* LM-NO# P",
Da-* QDa/* LM,- RSῌ0T U# FG@A

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e2Df2ghi/01+2# jkVW ῌ F

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stu# VW ῌ FG

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LUIvwxyz

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22

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