Lessons Learned as
ADRC Visiting Researcher

by Areerat Wijitpatcharaphon

Outlines
IThailand Disaster Management System

II Thailand’s experience from 2004 Tsunami
III Lessons learned from JapanIV Report on Comparative Study of Flood
Prevention Plan at Local Government
Level in Thailand and Japan
VVI

Study Visit and impression of Japan
Welcome to Thailand

I.

Thailand DisasterManagement System

Deaths caused by types of disasters

landslides,
1091, 8%earthquake, 0,0%drought, 0, 0%

severe weather,
1582, 12%flood, 2178, 17%tsunami, 8212,63%

Source: Report of Ministry of Interior

Typhoon Gay in 1989

458 people in Chumporn province were killedNamkorNamkor Landslide
Landslide on
on 10
10ththAugustAugust2001
2001

6

The Indian Ocean Tsunami

RanongKrabi
Phang Nga

Trang

SatunPhuket
7Thailand’s Disaster Situation Summary in 2007
Disaster type

Frequenc
yPeopleKilledTotal
affectedpeople

Damaged(USD)

Flood

13

36

2,326,197

48,224,742

Fire

1,901

45

9,761

25,022,622

Storm

2,233

10

245,619

6,701,347

Drought

1

n/a

16,754,980

5,665,849

Source: DDPM, Ministry of Interior

Disaster Management Systemin Thailand• Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Act 2007• National Disaster Prevention andMitigation Plan
• National Civil Defence Plan B.E. 2548
(2005)

DPM Act 2007
National Committee
DDPM
National Civil Defence
Plan 2005

NDPM Plan …..
Sub-National Committee
DDPM

BDPM PlanBMA Committee

PDPM Plan
Provincial Committee
Provincial DPM

BMA’s internal units
Operational Plan

LAO OperationalPlan

II.

Thailand’s experience from2004 Tsunami

Response and relief
 Establishment of relief

coordinating center Search and Rescue activities Assignment of institutions/persons in charge
 Providing basic necessaries tothe victims
 Volunteer centerTsunami 2004

Temporary shelter

Volunteer Center in
Pang Nga, Thailand

SAR Activity

Rehabilitation and Recovery--Provision ofcompensation relief
fund, dwelling houses,vocations, mental andphysical care center
Environment
restoration
Beach clean up

Building temporary houses• Rehabilitation of coral reefs, mangrove
forests, sea grass, assessment of sea water
quality and marine creature habitat clean - up

PreparednessMaterializing Early Warning System.
 Public Awareness and Education.
 Enhancing the Capacity of Local
Authority.
 Formulation of Evacuation Plan andDrill.
 Tsunami Memorial Parks andMuseums Construction Tsunami

MemorialParks andMuseumsConstruction
EarlyWarning
Tower

Evacuation drill

International Tsunami Museum

III. Lessons Learned from Japan

National Disaster Management System
Disaster Countermeasure Basic Act 1961
Cabinet Off.

Prime Minister

Cabinet Sec.

Central DM Council
Formulate and promote implementation Basic DM Plan
Disignated Gov. Org., Public Crps.

23 Mins

63 public

Formulate and promote implementation of DM operation Plan

Prefectural and Municipal Disaster
Management System
Prefectural DM Council

Municipal DM Council

Formulate and promote
impln. of DM Plan

Formulate and promote
impln. of local DM Planresidents

Problems of DM System in Japan lack of major stakeholders’involvement during theplanning process lack of policy consideration
 lack of coordination systemamong jurisdiction in case ofwide-area disasterWide Area Disaster Management BaseRegional Base

Evacuation Affected Areas
Regional Base Facilities

Regional BaseTransport
Network

Central BaseRegional Base

Establishment of Wide Area DM BaseFunctions Stockyard of food, goods, equipment
 Transport base Area for Search and Rescue (SAR) and BaseCamp
 Communication Center Evacuation Place Emergency Medical Treatment (EMT) Base for Reconstruction & Rehabilitation

Tragic loss of lives and properties

Great Hanshin-Awaij EQLessons from Hanshin-Awaiji EQ
 Coordinate efforts between individual andgovernment in Disaster Management
 Transmit the lessons through the nextgeneration
 Apply lessons in Disaster Reduction Activities
 Focus on Activities of Community Based Rescue and Fire-fighting, Wide-area Disaster
Relief and Medical System, Volunteer, andMental Care
 Set Evacuation Center Give significance of quick damage assessment,
recovery infrastructure

Lessons from Hanshin-Awaiji EQand the Way Forward Reopen the Stores and Local BusinessSupport Recycle waste products that result fromdisaster Promote the development of disasterresistant urban infrastructure Establish laws taking care of large-scaledisaster Coordinate financial supporting by the CentralGov.

lessons form Japan and Thailand inhandling unprecedented disaster Learn to gain knowledge on regional disasterand memorize the way to survive throughdisaster-fighting drill and education for disasterprevention
 Protect the everyday life by own way based on
the educated knowledge
 Plan the town by in-area people and consider tothe environmental effect together with thestrength to face disaster Enhance the network of Volunteer Build up the strength of CBDRM

IV. Report on the Comparative Studyof Flood Prevention Plan at local
government levels in Thailandand Japan Background:

It is a part of the tasks to beaccomplished by ADRC’s VR program. .
-the study of flood prevention could help
enhancing the capacity of government
officials in the management of flood
prevention- Japan is one of the countries in the worldthat has the reputation of having advanced
practices of flood disaster prevention Purpose:

The local governments inThailand can apply recommendations fromthe study for the establishment of theaction plans as well as for the formulationof Local Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Plan.
Scope:Shizuoka City Regional
Disaster Prevention Plan was used to givea clear picture of Japanese systemthe Bangkok Prevention and Mitigation
Plan was studied to reflect how a local
government in Thailand has managed tocope with flood disaster.

Flowchart of Study Framework
FloodManageMent
System inJapan
Shizuoka
City FloodPrevention
Plan

TDRM- Prevention &Mitigation- Preparedness- Response- Recovery &Rehabilitation

FloodManageMent
System inThailand
BKK FloodPrevention
PlanRecommendations
Tentative Plan of Action for Devising
Local Flood Prevention Plan of Thailand The issues of study
1. Flood Management System in Japan





General Features and Types of River
Legislation and Institution
Basic Flood Management Strategies
Comprehensive flood management
measures
Comprehensive flood control program The issues of study (cont.)
2. Flood Management System in Thailand- Major causes of floods in Thailand- Organizations Responsible For FloodControl- Government Policies on Flood Control- Flood Management Master Plan
- Flood Control Programs in Thailand- Flood Management Countermeasures- Problems of Flood Control
Implementation and solving

 Recomendations- Flood Prevention Plan of Shizuoka City,
Japan is perfectly completed with the a good
many details of flood control measures in linewith Total Disaster Risk Management(TDRM):- Flood Prevention Plan of Bangkok is
incompletely filled by few points of floodmanagement The significant inputs:
 Flood prevention measures in line with TDPM
 Another issues: prevention of epidemic,

water resource management, urban planningand zoning, agricultural management, influenceof climate change, establishment of national
responsible body, coordinating between various
sectors concerned, encouraging responsibilityof individual to flood solving
 National policy, strategy, and regulation of floodmanagement

Tentative plan of Action for
Devising Local Flood Management Planof Thailand

V. Study Visit
By Taking part in JICA Course ofComprehensive Disaster Risk
Management 2009
1. Crisis Management Office City of Kobe
2. Disaster Response Office, Network Operation
Dept. NTT West Corporation
3. Kansai Electric Power Co.,Inc4. Osaka Gas Engineering Co., Ltd.)
5. Hyogo Emergency Medical Center
6. Osaka Prefecture Office
7. Water Control Office- Nishi/West

V. Study Visit
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

Japan Broadcasting Corporation, NHK, TokyoJapan Meteorological Agency
Japan Research InstituteInternational Center for Water Hazard andRisk Management
Geographical Survey InstituteArakawa River Flood Control Office
Tokyo Fire Dept.
Japanese Red Cross Society
Disaster Management of Temples in Kyoto
Nigawa-Yurino-cho Landslide Museum

V. Study Visit
18.

19.
20.
21.
22.
23.

Unzen Fugen Shiyakan and Ono-Koba Sabo
Miraikan Museum, Akamatsutanigawa River
Construction Site and Mt.Unzen DisasterMemorial Hall
Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum, PeaceParkNojima Fault Preservation Museum
Kobe City Chuo Fire Station
Disaster Prevention Research Institute,Kyoto University,
Earthquake-proof Retrofit of Buildings inMigake

V. Study Visit
By ADRC’s Program
Kobe University“Weathercock House” affected by the Hanshin-Awaiji
Earthquake
Disaster Reduction Museum
3.
Kobe Monitoring Observatory Site
4.
Participation in the JICA forum on climate change and5.
disaster
Yodo River Off., and Yamato River Off .
6.
7. Give lecture Yamaguchi University’s students on DM
8. Akiyoshidai (Quasi-Natural Park and Special NaturalMonument) and Akiyoshi Contrast, Yamaguchi
9. Hiroshma Peace Memorial Museum, and the world
Heritage Itsukushima Shrine
10. Give lecture Fujitokoha University’s students, on DM
11 Have lecture at Shizuoka Prefecture1.
2.

Some photographs from Study Visits

V. Impression of Japanmagnificent places
Of four seasons

Japan is beautiful as it has four season

Japanese people

Strict self-control

Good looking always

Good at in cooking

LivelyVery kind

Religious belief

Welcome to Thailand

The Land of SmileDelicious food

Buddhism and HappinessNatural and CulturalSightseeingThai’s Beloved King• The King Bhumibol
Adulyadej of Thailand• the democratic king• the world’s longest
reigning monarch over60 years• over 2000 royal projects
established nationwide• was presented UNDP
Human Development
Lifetime Achievement
Award