SPATIAL PLANNING PLATFORM

Spatial Planning in Vietnam
By
Nguyen Bao Lam
Dep.of Planning and Architecture
Ministry of Construction-Vietnam

1. OVERVIEW
2. CURRENT PROBLEMS
3. WHAT ARE GOING AHEAD
4. CONCLUSION

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SPATIAL PLANNING PLATFORM【機密性２】

Spatial Planning in Vietnam
Overview
Three quarters of the country is covered bymountains and plateaus. Flatlands are limited tothe coastal Red River and Mekong deltas.
Administrative structure is divided into threeregions (northern, central, and southern) and six
socio-economic sub-regions.

Surface area

329,241 km²

Population

About 92.70 million (2016: WB.)

Populationdensity

The Doi Moi reforms (Renovation-1986):•282/km²

Percentage of33.6% (2015); 35% (UNDP 2017)

Moving from plan economy towards aorientation market economy and opened policy.

urban

Rapid Industrialization in rural outskirts,urbanization expansion in urban outskirts.

GDP

USD 201.9 million (2016)

GDP per capita

USD 2,215 (2016)•

Increasing foreign and domestic investments

Percentage ofagriculture: 48%•Changing Planning approach methodologyemployment byindustry: 21%

industry

services: 31% (2012)•Land use change•

population

Economic
growth rate

6.21% (2016: GSO)

Spatial Planning in Vietnam
Local Government & Spatial Planning system
1st2ndDistricts

CentrallyPrefectures
ControlledCities(5 cities: Ha
Noi Capital, Ho
Chi Minh City,Hai Phong, Da
Towns
Nang, Can Tho)

3rdWards

Townships
Counties
Wards

Counties

VIET NAM
Townships
Prefectures
Counties
Provinces(58 provinces)

Prefecture-level
cities

Wards
Counties
Wards

Towns
Counties

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【機密性２】Country map divided by regions.
Source: Viet Nam Institute of Architecture, Urban and RuralPlanning (VIAP)

Spatial Planning in Vietnam
The Law on Urban Planning 2009:
Urban centers are classified into 6 Grades,including Special Grade and Grades I, II, III, IVand V:- Centrally-controlled cities must be an urban
center of Special Grade or Grade I.
- Prefecture-level cities must be an urban
center of Grade I, II or III.
- Towns must be an urban center of Grade IIIor IV.
- Townships must be an urban center ofGrade IV or V.
Total 774 cities and towns including: 2 cities atSpecial grade, 15 cities at grade I, 21 cities atgrade II, 42 cities and towns at grade III and 68
towns and townships at grade IV and 626
townships at grade IV.
50 % of urban population is concentrated at 16 bigcities.
National spatial policy: the Socio-Economic
Development Plan (by MPI) and the Spatial Plan(by MOC).

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Spatial Planning in Vietnam

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Spatial Planning in Vietnam at the National & Regional levels Fukuoka 2018
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Law on Construction 2013
Construction Planning:
1. Regional Construction Planning;
2. Urban Planning (defined by Law on Urban Planning 2009);
3. Special Functional Zone Planning; and4. Rural Planning.
Regional Planning :1. Region of Joint/Multi Provinces (1st level of administration);
2. Region of Province;
3. Region of Joint/Multi prefectures (2nd level of administration);
4. Region of Prefectures;
5. Region of Special Functional Areas; and6. Region of Highway Corridor, Economic Corridor of Joint/Multi Provinces.
Special Functional Zone Planning:
1. Zones of Economy;
2. Zones of Industry areas, Export Processing Zones, High-tech areas;
3. Zones of Ecology, tourism;
4. Zones of Conservation areas, Historical-cultural areas;
5. Zones of Research - training areas and sport areas;
6. Zones of Airport or Seaport;
7. Zones of Core Infrastructural Nodes; and8. Others mandated by Regional Planning or approved by Authority.
Rural Planning is planned for commune (not wards or townships)
or nodes of small population.

The Law on Urban Planning 2009:(1) General Planning, (2) Zoning Planning, and (3) Specific Planning.

Spatial Planning in Vietnam
Current problems and causes:•Limited coordination of multi sector
planning•

Overlap planning in other sectors•

Top-Down approach planning rather than
Bottom –up•

Lack of community & civil organization
participation in planning process•

Lack of transparency & accountability•

Changing land use planning causing
instability for investment•

City expansion (urban sprawl) is more than
improving quality of life•

Lack of green areas & public space

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Spatial Planning in Vietnam

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Spatial Planning in Vietnam
What are going ahead?
•Strong integrated coordination of multi
sector planning (new Planning law)

•Forwards advance methodology withinternational association•

Bottom – Up approach planning to feetmarket economy•

Enhancement of community & civilorganization participation in planning
process•

Transparency & accountability•

Attracts investment•

Sustainable development & environmental
protection•

Improving quality of life rather than citysprawl•

Increasing green & public areas and heritage
conservation

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Spatial Planning in Vietnam
CONCLUSION•

Spatial planning system in Vietnam is still
considered as uncompleted context thathas been causes inflexible indevelopment process as well as waste oftime and financial source, affecting on
quality of life and sustainable
development in the whole country.

•The need for stronger international
association and cooperation with oversea
countries towards advance approach inspatial planning work

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Thank you!

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