As
sian Moonsoon Region

ICHARM
C
International
te at o a Sy
Symposium
pos u

Septt
S
2008

“Local Practices of Integrated Flood Risk
Management under Changing Naturaland Social Conditions”

ExperiencesEiini AsianA i Monsoon
M
RegionDato’ Paduka Ir. Hj. Keizrul bin Abdullah
Member ICHARM International Advisory Board
Member,30 September 2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Floods are an integral part of the Asian landscapeSepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Historical site of Ayuthaya, Thailand

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Johor, Malaysia, Jan 2007

Septt
S
2008

India

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Septt
S
2008

India

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Septt
S
2008

China

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

PakistanAssian Moonsoon Region

Bangladesh

Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region

Outline of PresentationI.

II. Changing Conditions
III. Need for Sustainable Approach
IV. New Approaches to Manage Floods
V.

Septt
S
2008

Floods in Asian Monsoon Region

Conclusion

Assian Moonsoon Region

Outline of PresentationI.

II. Changing Conditions
III. Need for Sustainable Approach
IV. New Approaches to Manage Floods
V.

Septt
S
2008

Floods in Asian Monsoon Region

Conclusion

Humid Tropic Region
Between 23.5
23 5 ° N & S of Equator
Monthly precipitation of > 100 mm for 4½ months

HUMID TROPICS – 23.5ºN
23 5ºN & S OF THE EQUATOR

23 5 ° N
23.5

23.5 ° S

Annual Average Precipitation mm/day (1988 -1996)

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Asian Monsoon (Humid Tropic) Region

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

A i Monsoon
Asian
M
RegionR i: AnnualAl Rainfall
R i f ll between
b t
1,500 to 5,000 mm

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Towns Inundated

As
sian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Highways become Waterways

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Flood victims being evacuatedSepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region

Outline of PresentationI.

II. Changing Conditions
III. Need for Sustainable Approach
IV. New Approaches to Manage Floods
V.

Septt
S
2008

Floods in Asian Monsoon Region

Conclusion

Assian Moonsoon Region

Changing Conditions

Septt
S
2008

Some of the major changes in Naturaland Social Conditions over last few
decades :• Population Growth• Deforestation• Urbanisation• Climate Change

Assian Moonsoon Region

Changing Conditions

Septt
S
2008

Some of the major changes in Naturaland Social Conditions over last few
decades :• Population Growth• Deforestation• Urbanisation• Climate Change

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon RegionGLOBAL POPULATION
1960 - 2050

12High variant

10

Medium variant

BillioonsAssian Moonsoon Region

14

Low
o variant
a a t

8

6

4

2
1960

Septt
S
2008

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

Year
Ref: UNAs
sian Moonsoon Region

Population

Septt
S
2008

• 100 % increase in population between
1960 andd 2000• Another 50 % increase by 2050
• Most of this increase will be in developing
countriesti

B illlio n sAssian Moonsoon Region

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
10
8
6
4
2
0

97-99

YEAR

WORLD
Septt
S
2008

2015

DEV.COUNTRIES

2030

IND. COUNTRIES

2050

TRAN. COUNTRIES

1.5x
As
sian Moonsoon Region

ASIA

60%
40%
World - PopulationpWorld - Land Area

Septt
S
2008

ASIA - PopulationPl ti vs Land
L d AreaAAssian Moonsoon Region

1.6x
Monsoon Region

35%
22%
World - PopulationpWorld - Area

Septt
S
2008

R f:S
Ref
Szollosi-Nagy,ll i N
1993

Monsoon Region - Population
vs Land Area

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Population• 100 % increase in population between
1960 andd 2000• Another 50 % increase by 2050
• Most of this increase will be in developing
countriesti• Food production must increase to feed
increase in population
Septt
S
2008

• IncreaseIin
i area neededd dAssian Moonsoon Region

Changing Conditions

Septt
S
2008

Some of the major changes in Naturaland Social Conditions over last few
decades :• Population Growth• Deforestation• Urbanisation• Climate Change

Assian Moonsoon Region

Deforested Areas
Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Average Annual Deforestation in Asian and Pacific Countries,
1976-1980

Septt
S
2008

Ref: www.agner.org/libraryAssian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Future trends > Past trends

Assian Moonsoon Region

Deforestation

Septt
S
2008

• Forests cleared for agricultureAssian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Dark
D
k areas representt fforests.
t 81 % off
deforestation in SE Asia is for Agriculture.

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Forests cleared for Agriculture ….

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

……. and rice cultivation

Assian Moonsoon Region

Deforestation

Septt
S
2008

• Forests cleared for agriculture• ImpactsIt Æ Study
St d donedon Tekam
T kRiver, Pahang, Malaysia• Study : Forest Æ Clearing Æ Crops
plantedTekam River StudyAssian Moonsoon Region

Streamflow
Calibration

Transition

Crop establishment

Water yield

Normal↑ 157 %

declined but >pre clearance stage
pre-clearance

Peak flow

Normal↑ 185 %

Time to peak

Normal↑↑ by 2 hrs

River sediment
Minimal

Septt
S
2008

67 %

- ditto -sediment load
4 times greater

declined toprepre-clearance
clearance level

Transition p
period - between land clearing
g and croppestablishment
Ecaluation period - after crop establishment

Tekam River StudyAssian Moonsoon Region

Streamflow
Calibration

Transition

Crop establishment

Water yield

Normal↑ 157 %

declined but >pre clearance stage
pre-clearance

Peak flow

Normal↑ 185 %

Time to peak

Normal↑↑ by 2 hrs

River sediment
Minimal

Septt
S
2008

67 %

- ditto -sediment load
4 times greater

declined toprepre-clearance
clearance level

Transition p
period - between land clearing
g and croppestablishment
Ecaluation period - after crop establishment

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Erosion rates
increase from10 to 400
t/km²/year
t/km
/year

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region

Changing Conditions

Septt
S
2008

Some of the major changes in Naturaland Social Conditions over last few
decades :• Population Growth• Deforestation• Urbanisation• Climate Change

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Agricultural Area

Urbanisation

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Land Clearing Æ New TownshipSepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

TEPU BINA 1988

As
sian Moonsoon Region

1988

Septt
S
2008

Klang Valley, Malaysia

TEPU BINA 1998

As
sian Moonsoon Region

1998

Septt
S
2008

Klang Valley, Malaysia

Assian Moonsoon Region

Urbanisation

Septt
S
2008

• Urbanisation increases as country income
increase• Developed countries Æ 70 - 80 %Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Ref: www.igd.com

Assian Moonsoon Region

Urbanisation

Septt
S
2008

• Urbanisation increases as country income
increase• Developed countries Æ 70 - 80 %• DevelopingDl icountriest i Æ fastest
f t t rate
t off
urban growth

SepttS
2008

Ref: FAOAs
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Ref: www.kepcorp.com

Assian Moonsoon Region

Urbanisation

Septt
S
2008

• Urbanisation increases as country income
increase• Developed countries Æ 70 - 80 %• DevelopingDl icountriest i Æ fastest
f t t rate
t off
urban growth• Impact of urbanisation on flood runoff

Assian Moonsoon Region

Effect of Urbanisation
Runoff Quantity
Increase In
Ub i dUrbanisedArea
0 - 40 %Q

VelocityV
Increase 2x
Tc

Septt
S
2008

Increase 190 %50 % decreaseAssian Moonsoon Region

Before

After

Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Flow

Flow Characteristics
Rural and Urbanised Catchment
Urbanised
Developed

Rural
Undeveloped
Septt
S
2008

Time

3116430 KLANG RIVER AT SULAIMAN BRIDGECUMUULATIVE MASS OF ANNUAL MA
AXIMUM DISCHAARGE

CUMULA
ATIVE ANN
NUA(m3/s)
L MAXIXIMUMQ, cu
umecs

As
sian Moonsoon Region

KLANG RIVER
AT SULAIMAN
BRIDGETEST FOR STATIONARITY
OF SERIESOF ANNUAL MAXIMUMDISCHARGES
16,000Mean Annual Flood
Discharge increased
from
148 → 440 cumecs(3X)
14,000,12,000

10 00010,000

8,000

6,000

Mean
annual=Meanannualflood =flood
440 m3/s
440 m³/s

4,000

Mean
annualflood
Meanannualflood =
148 =148 m³/s
m3/s

2,000

0
1910

1915

1920

1925

1930

1935

1940

1952

1957

1963

1968

1974

1979

1986

1991

1996

YEAR

YEAR

Septt
S
2008

Increasing Trend of Annual Flood Discharge in
Kuala Lumpur

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region

Changing Conditions

Septt
S
2008

Some of the major changes in Naturaland Social Conditions over last few
decades :• Population Growth• Deforestation• Urbanisation• Climate Change

Assian Moonsoon Region

Climate Change

Septt
S
2008

• Micro-scale Æ Urban Heat Island

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Urban Heat Island (UHI)As
sian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

KL

KL

KLIA

KLIA

Satellite Image of UHI in Kuala Lumpur

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Warm Air Rising and Forming Storm Clouds

Assian Moonsoon Region

Climate Change

Septt
S
2008

• Micro-scale Æ Urban Heat Island• Global scale Æ Global WarmingSepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon RegionComparison of Observed Continental Changes in Surface
Temperature for 1906 – 2005 Relative to Average 1901 – 1950

Ref : IPCC, 2007

Annual Temperature Trend for 1901 to 2005 (above)and 1979 to 2005 (below)
MalaysiaAs
sian Moonsoon Region~ 0.5oC per Century

Malaysia~ 0.1oC per Decade

Septt
S
2008
Colder

WarmerRef : IPCC, 2007

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Annual Rainfall Trend for 19011901-2005 (above)and 19791979-2005 (below)

Malaysia~ 3% per Decade

Septt
S
2008
Drier

WetterRef : IPCC, 2007

Recent Trends of Extreme Weather Events and Assessmentof Human Influence on the Trend (IPCC, 2007)
Phenomenon anddirection of trend

Likelihood that trend
occurred in late 20th
century (typically
post 1960)

Likelihood of ahuman contribution
to observed trend

Virtually certain:> 99% probability ofoccurrence
Extremely likely:> 95%

Warmer and fewer cold days
and nights over most land
areas

Very likely

LikelyWarmer and more frequent
hot days and nights overmost land areas

Very likely

Likely (nights)

Warmer spellsp/ heat waves.
Frequency increases overmost land areas

LikelyMore likely than not

Likely:> 66%

Heavy precipitation events.
Frequencyqy ((or p
proportionpof
total rainfall from heavy falls)
increases over most areas

LikelyMore likely than notMore likely than not:> 50%

Area affected by droughts
increases

Likely in many
regions since 1970s

More likely than not

Intense tropical cyclone
activity increases

Likely in many
regions since 1970

Unlikely:< 33%

More likely than not

Increased incidence of
extreme high sea level(excludes tsunamis)

LikelyMore likely than not

Very likely:> 90%

Very unlikely:< 10%
Extremely unlikely:< 5%Recent Trends of Extreme Weather Events and Assessmentof Human Influence on the Trend (IPCC, 2007)
Phenomenon anddirection of trend

Likelihood that trend
occurred in late 20th
century (typically
post 1960)

Likelihood of ahuman contribution
to observed trend

Virtually certain:> 99% probability ofoccurrence
Extremely likely:> 95%

Warmer and fewer cold days
and nights over most land
areas

Very likely

LikelyWarmer and more frequent
hot days and nights overmost land areas

Very likely

Likely (nights)

Warmer spellsp/ heat waves.
Frequency increases overmost land areas

LikelyMore likely than not

Likely:> 66%

Heavy precipitation events.
Frequencyqy ((or p
proportionpof
total rainfall from heavy falls)
increases over most areas

LikelyMore likely than notMore likely than not:> 50%

Area affected by droughts
increases

Likely in many
regions since 1970s

More likely than not

Intense tropical cyclone
activity increases

Likely in many
regions since 1970

Unlikely:< 33%

More likely than not

Increased incidence of
extreme high sea level(excludes tsunamis)

LikelyMore likely than not

Very likely:> 90%

Very unlikely:< 10%
Extremely unlikely:
< 5%

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Climate Change

Septt
S
2008

• Micro-scale Æ Urban Heat Island• Global scale Æ Global Warming• Impact on hydrological system• IPCC Assessment (2007) Æ by 2100 :• Possible intensification of hydrological cycleon global basis• Increased frequencies and intensities ofextreme weather events e.g. floods anddroughts

Assian Moonsoon Region

Outline of PresentationI.

II. Changing Conditions
III. Need for Sustainable Approach
IV. New Approaches to Manage Floods
V.

Septt
S
2008

Floods in Asian Monsoon Region

Conclusion

Assian Moonsoon Region

Sustainable Approach

Septt
S
2008

• Changes in Natural and Social
Conditions Æ exacerbated flood
problemAssian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Floods getting more intense and frequentAssian Moonsoon Region

Sustainable Approach• Changes in Natural and Social
Conditions Æ exacerbated flood
problem• Traditional solution Æ structural(engineering measures)• Removing the excess water through river
improvement works• Widening and deepening of rivers
Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

River condition duringg floods

Septt
S
2008

Widening and deepening of riverAssian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

River Widening and Deepening

Assian Moonsoon Region

Sustainable Approach

Septt
S
2008

• Changes in Natural and Social
Conditions Æ exacerbated flood
problem• Traditional solution Æ structural(engineering measures)• Removing the excess water through river
improvement works• Widening and deepening of rivers• Construction of river levees

Assian Moonsoon Region

River condition duringg floods

Widening and deepening of river

Construction of river levees/bunds

Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

River Levees (Walls) in City Centre

Assian Moonsoon Region

Sustainable Approach

Septt
S
2008

• Changes in Natural and Social
Conditions Æ exacerbated flood
problem• Traditional solution Æ structural(engineering measures)• Structural solutions are costly

6000
5000
Million RM
M

Assian Moonsoon Region

Development Allocation for Flood
Projects per Malaysian Plan

4000
3000
2000
1000
0

Septt
S
2008

MP 2 MP-3
MP-2
MP 3 MP-4
MP 4 MP-5
MP 5 MP-6
MP 6 MP-7
MP 7 MP-8
MP 8 MPMP-9
9Malaysian Plan (5-Years Development Plan)As
sian Moonsoon Region

Sustainable Approach

Septt
S
2008

• Changes in Natural and Social
Conditions Æ exacerbated flood
problem• Traditional solution Æ structural(engineering measures)• Structural solutions are costly• Creates dilemma

Assian Moonsoon Region

Dilemma•condition changes increase•

runoff generated
Flow

Flow Characteristics
Rural and Urbanised Catchment
Urbanised
Developed
RurallR
Undeveloped

Septt
S
2008

Time

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Dilemma

Septt
S
2008

•

condition changes increase•

runoff generated• Leads to more floods• Solve through engineering works

Assian Moonsoon Region

Dilemma

Septt
S
2008

•

condition changes increase•

runoff generated• Leads to more floods• Solve through engineering works• Cycle repeated with more changes• Not SustainableSepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region

Outline of PresentationI.

II. Changing Conditions
III. Need for Sustainable Approach
IV. New Approaches to Manage Floods
V.

Septt
S
2008

Floods in Asian Monsoon Region

Conclusion

Assian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• New approaches needed for FloodManagement because :• Funds for structural measures becoming
more limited• Change from structural to non structural• Need for a more comprehensive andsustainable approach• Change from supply-led approach(projects(pjfocused)) Æ demand-led
approach (control problem at source)

Assian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• New approaches needed for FloodManagement• More holistic approach in planning :• ConceptC
off river basin

Assian Moonsoon Region

River Basin– Geographicalarea determinedby the watershed
limits of thesystem of waters,
including surface
and undergroundwaters flowing
waters,into a common
S t
Septterminus

2008

Assian Moonsoon Region

A River Basin

Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Planner’sPlanners Role

Septt
S
2008

• Need for more holistic approach• Concept of river basin
y vs ppolitical• Watershed boundary
boundary• Planning needs to be done on basis ofphysical rather than political boundaries

As
sian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Mekong River Basin

As
sian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Langat River Basin, Malaysia

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Yodo River Basin

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Planner’sPlanners Role

Septt
S
2008

• Need for more holistic approach• Concept of river basin
y vs ppolitical• Watershed boundary
boundary• Planning needs to be done on basis ofphysical rather than political boundaries• River basin master plan

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

River Basin Master Plans provide overall
framework for development in a river basin

Assian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• New approaches needed for FloodManagement• More holistic approach in planning• Remedial measures :• Ban logging in forest areas : eg. Thailand
1989• Limit activities in forest/catchment areas

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• New approaches needed for FloodManagement• More holistic approach in planning• Remedial measures :• Ban logging in forest areas : eg. Thailand
1989• Limit activities in forest/catchment areas• Reforestation

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Reforestation

Ref : FAOAs
sian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• New approaches needed for FloodManagement• More holistic approach in planning• Remedial measures• Change from rapid disposal tocontrol at source• Rapid
R id disposaldil Æ removing
i theth excesswater quickly through river improvement
workskSepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

River Improvement WorksAs
sian Moonsoon Region

Control
Rapidat
Disposal
Source

Septt
S
2008

 Rapid Disposal of floodwaters

 Control at Source, attenuated flow

Assian Moonsoon Region

Control at Source

Reduce run-off
run off through• Storage• Increasing Infiltration• Decreasing Velocities

Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Control at Source

Septt
S
2008

• Storage– Detention Pond

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region

Control at Source

Septt
S
2008

• Storage– Detention Pond
– Rainfall harvestingSepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region

Control at Source

Septt
S
2008

• Storage– Detention Pond
– Rainfall Harvesting– Modular tanks undergroundAssian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Underground
Tanks

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Modular Tank

Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Control at Source

Septt
S
2008

• Storage• Increase Infiltration– Infiltration/gravel Drains

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Infiltration Trench

Infiltration System at housing
perimeterAssian Moonsoon Region

1
1

1
6
0.15 m

Septt
S
2008

Perimeter Swale

0.30 m0.15 m 0.30 m

Assian Moonsoon Region

Control at Source

Septt
S
2008

• Storage• Increase the infiltration rate
– Infiltration gravel drain– P
PerviousiRoad
R d (pervious(ipavement)

SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region

Control at Source

Septt
S
2008

• Storage• Increase the Infiltration rate
– Infiltration gravel drain– P
PerviousiRoad
R d airi(pervious pavement)– Underground Drainage(buried drains)Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Underground
DrainageSepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region

Control at Source

Septt
S
2008

• Storage• Increase the Infiltration rate
• Reduce the Flow Velocity– (swale)SepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

SwaleSepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region

STORMWATERMANAGEMENT MANUAL

Septt
S
2008



Explains Control
att Source
S
MethodM th dProvidesGuidelinesGives Examples
Gi
E
l off
World-wide bestpracticesti

Assian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• New approaches needed for FloodManagement• More holistic approach in planning• Remedial measures• Change from rapid disposal tocontrol at source• Flood
Fl d modellingd lli andd flood
fl d mappingiAssian Moonsoon Region

Flood Modelling

Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Flood Modelling

Septt
S
2008

TIME SERIES OF STAGE HYDROGRAPH AT KUALA KRAI((20-30 NOVEMBER 2000))
27
26
25

S tag e (m )

24
23
22
21
20
19
18

OBSERVED KKRAIFORECASTED KKRAI

17
0

20

40

60

Time (hour)

80

10 0

12 0

Flood MappingAssian Moonsoon Region

Present Condition• Computerpmodellingg
to determine extent offloodingg under
different condition• Area under risk offlooding can be usedfor zoning purpose
2020 Condition

Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• New approaches needed for FloodManagement• More holistic approach in planning• Remedial measures• Change from rapid disposal tocontrol at source• Flood
Fl d modellingd lli andd flood
fl d mappingi• Managing flood risk

Assian Moonsoon Region

Managing Flood Risk

Septt
S
2008

• What is appropriate level of protection?
– Return Period used ranging from 1 in
5 yrs for rural to 1 in 100 yrs for cities

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Managing Flood Risk
• What is appropriate level of protection?
• Sharing the risk → deliberate failure section

Flood Spill ??

Flood Spill ??

Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

W ate r surfac e is not horizontal across theriv er and de pre ssion

Leve

e

Depression

Septt
S
2008

Flooding of low lying are a adjace nt
to riv
i er pre ve ntedd byb lev
l ee . HoweHve re xc hange of wate r be twe en rive r anddepression oc curs v ia spilling ov er
the le ve e bank . No flow take s placeparalle l to the riv er.

Assian Moonsoon Region

Managing Flood Risk

Septt
S
2008

• What is appropriate level of protection?
• Sharing the risk → deliberate failure section• Sharing the burden → upstream vsdownstream
Dams vs River
Improvement
po e e t

Assian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• Living in harmony with floods• ICID Congressg2005,, Beijing
j gAssian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Harmonious Coexistence with Flood Water• Impacts of changes in land use planning andclimate on flood and drought regime• Integrated planning and management of flood
diversion, storage, retention and discharge
areas• Adjusting urban and rural development to
reducedflflood
d risksik• Mechanisms for protection, relief andrehabilitation• Information technical system and professional
contingentg
for flood fightingggAssian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• Living in harmony with floods• ICID Congressg2005,, Beijing
j g• Flood Plain management

Assian Moonsoon Region

Flood Plain

Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

River condition duringg floods

Flood Plain
Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

River condition duringg floods

Flood Plain
Septt
S
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• Living in harmony with floods• ICID Congressg2005,, Beijing
j g• Flood Plain management• Restrict human activities in flood plains• Modify impact of flooding on humansettlements
ttltSepttS
2008

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• Living in harmony with floods• ICID Congressg2005,, Beijing
j g• Flood Plain management• Restrict human activities in flood plains• Modify impact of flooding on humansettlements
ttlt• Go back to traditional house design• Give space to rivers

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Traditional
MalaysianHousesSepttS
2008

CambodiaAssian Moonsoon Region

SepttS
2008

VietnamAssian Moonsoon Region

Septt
S
2008

Japan

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Septt
S
2008

USA

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

House on silts built above flood level

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Gi i space toGiving
t the
th Ri
River

As
sian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• Living in harmony with floods• ICID Congressg2005,, Beijing
j g• Flood Plain management• Restrict human activities in flood plains• Modify impact of flooding on humansettlements
ttlt• Go back to traditional house design• Give space to rivers• Flood proofingElevating the Structure

Construction Barriers
Berms,
Berms Levees and Floodwalls
Floodwall

Utilities
Utilities andandelectricalelectrical circuits
circuits
moved
moved above
above
flood
flood level
level

Sump and pump forinternal drainage

Wall
Wall openings
openings
Berm or
Levee

Sewer

One-way valve

Dry Flood Proofing

Wet Flood Proofing

M iMaximum
Protection
P t tiLevel is Three Feet

Flood Proofed Walls
Sewer
One-Way Valve

Closures for Openings

Opening to Let
Water In

Furnace and Utilities
Relocated
Appliances Moved or Wrappedin Waterproof Bags

Ref : Jerome Priscoli

Assian Moonsoon Region

Flood Management

Septt
S
2008

• Living in harmony with floods• ICID Congressg2005,, Beijing
j g• Flood Plain management• Restrict human activities in flood plains• Modify impact of flooding on humansettlements
ttlt• Go back to traditional house design• Give space to rivers• Flood proofing• Community and stakeholder involvement

Assian Moonsoon Region

C
Conclusion
l i

Septt
S
2008

• Floods Æ major problem in Monsoon
Asia region• Changing conditions Æ increase
runoff Æ intensity and frequency offloods• New approaches being implemented in
Monsoon Asia region to mitigate flood
problem• Learning to live in harmony with floods

Assian Moonsoon Region
Septt
S
2008

Thank
h k You
Terima Kasih
Domo Arigato