ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) are ion channels that selectively allow
potassium ions to permeate thea cell. They are widely distributed among tissues, including

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confusion to readers. Here, the abbreviation of“ATP-sensitive potassium channels” has beenrevised to “KATP channels” for accuracy.

those of the pancreas, brain, heart, and smooth muscles, and play important roles in many
physiological processes, such as hormone secretion and vasodilatation. KATPTheir channels
activities are tightly regulated by endogenous nucleotide metabolites. Specifically; in

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here for better flow of information about KATPchannels.

particular, they are inhibited by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and activated by Mg-adenosinediphosphate (ADP.). By sensing the intracellular ADP/ATP ratio, KATP these channels
tuneregulate the potassium ion efflux across the plasma membrane and adjust the membranepotential. Therefore, KATP channels they convert the cellular metabolic status into electricalsignals, which provide a unique output that haswith broad physiological effects.

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at multiple instance.

KATP channels are widely distributed in many tissues, including the pancreas, brain, heart,and smooth muscle, and they playimportant roles in many physiological processes, such as
hormone secretion and vasodilatation. Genetic mutationBecause mutation of genes that
encode KATP channel subunits can leadare known to cause several metabolic diseases andneuronal diseases. Therefore, KATP KATP channels are important drug targets. Clinically
relevant sulfonylureas drugs inhibit pancreatic KATP channels and serve as insulin
secretagogues for the treatment of treating type II diabetes, whilewhereas KATP activators,
such as potassium channel openers (KCOs) activate KATP channels, are used for treating
hypoglycemia, and show promise formay be involved in myoprotection. Previous studies
have established that the A functional KATP KATP channel is a hetero-octamer composed ofcomprising four inward-rectifying potassium channel 6 (Kir6) subunits and four sulfonylurea
receptor (SUR) regulatory subunits. The Kir6 subunits are encoded by eitherKCNJ8 KCNJ8(Kir6.1) or or KCNJ11 (Kir6.2). Kir6 subunits and harbor sites for inhibitory ATP binding.
The activities of Kir6 subunit activities can be enhanced by PIP2, which is a signaling lipid
present in the inner leaflets of the plasma membrane. The SUR subunits are composed of theAll material in this document is the intellectual property of Crimson Interactive Pvt. Ltd. The use of informationand content in this document in whole or in part is forbidden unless express permission has been given inwriting by Crimson Interactive Pvt. Ltd.

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N-terminal transmembrane domain 0-loop 0 (TMD0-L0) and ATP-binding cassettescassette(ABC) transporter-like modules.

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