03 Grammar L1 Answers

Lesson 1 - JLPT Test Questions   The correct answer is #2– いらっしゃいませ .  

1script

男 : 店に おきゃくさんが 来ました。何と 言いますか。
女 : 1 よろしく おねがいします
2 いらっしゃいませ。
3 しつれいします。
romajiOtoko:
Onna:

Mise ni okyaku-san ga kimashita. Nan to iimasu ka.
1 Yoroshiku onegai shimasu.
2 Irasshaimase.
3 Shitsurei shimasu.

englishMale:

A customer came to the store. What does (she) say?

Female: 1 It’s a pleasure to meet you.
2 Welcome.
3 Excuse me.
You will often hear ‘ いらっしゃいませ ’ when you enter a store or even when you walk past a store. Itis sometimes not directed at anyone in particular.

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Grammar L1 Answers   The correct answer is #3– じゃあ、また .  

2script

女 : 男の人は かえります。何と 言いますか。
男 : 1 おねがいします。
2 おさきに どうぞ。
3 じゃあ、また。
romajiOnna:
Otoko:

Otoko no hito wa kaerimasu. Nan to iimasu ka.
1 Onegai shimasu.
2 Osaki ni dōzo.
3 Jā, mata.

englishFemale: A man leaves to go home. What does (he) say?
Male:1 Please.
2 Go ahead.

3 See you. (lit., well, later.)

じゃあ、また can be used in casual situations to say goodbye. You can also say じゃあ、またね Jā, matane, (I’ll see you again, yeah?) or simply じゃあ (Well, …) to mean goodbye.

209Grammar L1 Answers   The correct answer is #2– おはようございます .  

3script

女 : 男の人は しごとに つきました。何と 言いますか。
男 : 1 こんにちは。
2 おはようございます。
3 こんばんは。
romajiOnna:
Otoko:

Otoko no hito wa shigoto ni tsukimashita. Nan to iimasu ka.
1 Konnichiwa.
2 Ohayō gozaimasu.
3 Konbanwa.

englishFemale: A man arrived at work. What does (he) say?
Male:1 Good day.
2 Good morning.
3 Good evening.

ございます is the polite version of ある (aru, to exist [for inanimate objects]), so this has the literalmeaning of ‘(polite) It’s early.’ The greetings こんにちは (lit., as for today) and こんばんは (lit., as fortonight) are shortenings of much longer implied sentences (e.g. … is a great day.).

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Grammar L1 Answers   The correct answer is #1– 行って4きます .  

script女 : 男の人は しごとへ 行きます。何と 言いますか。
男 : 1 行って きます。
2 行って かえります。
3 行って きました。
romajiOnna:
Otoko:

Otoko no hito wa shigoto e ikimasu. Nan to iimasu ka.
1 Itte kimasu.
2 Itte kaerimasu.
3 Itte kimashita.

englishFemale: A man is going to work. What does he say?
Male:

1 (I’ll) be back (lit., I’ll go and come.)
2 (I’ll) go and go home.
3 (I) went and came.

You can change this phrase depending on the situation. Take a look at the following examples:

コーヒーを買ってきます。

Kōhii o katte kimasu.
(I)’ll go buy coffee and be back.

帰ってきます。

Kaette kimasu.
I’ll be back.
Also note that when two verbs are used like this, the second verb is often written without the kanji.

O 行ってきます。

X 行って来ます。

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Grammar L1 Answers   The correct answer is #3– こちらは

5

たなかさんです .  

script

男 : 新しい人が 来ました。女の人は 何と 言いますか。
女 : 1 あれは たなかさんです。
2 このは たなかさんです。
3 こちらは たなかさんです。
romajiOtoko:
Onna:

Atarashii hito ga kimashita. Onna no hito wa nan to iimasu ka.
1 Are wa Tanaka-san desu.
2 Kono wa Tanaka-san desu.
3 Kochira wa Tanaka-san desu.

englishMale:

A new person came. What does the woman say?

Female: 1 That (over there) is Mr. Tanaka.

2 This (thing) is Mr. Tanaka.
3 (In) this direction is Mr. Tanaka.

こちら (kochira, this way), そちら (sochira, that way; toward the listener), あちら (achira, that way,
away from both speaker and listener) and どちら (dochira, which way) can be used to politely talkor ask about directions. They can also refer to people in an indirect way in formal conversations. In
more casual situations you can talk about directions and people with こっち (kocchi, this way), そっち(socchi, that way; toward the speaker), あっち (acchi, that way; away from both speaker and listener)
and どっち (docchi, which way).

212

Grammar L1 Answers   The correct answer is #2– ごちそうさまでした .  

6

script女 : 男の人と 女の人が ばんごはんを 食べました。女の人が はらいました。男の人は 何と言いますか。
男 : 1 いただきます。
2 ごちそうさまでした。
3 おねがいします。
romaji

Onna:	Otoko no hito to onna no hito ga bangohan o tabemashita. Onna no hito ga haraimashita.
Otoko no hito wa nan to iimasu ka.
Otoko: 1 Itadakimasu.
2 Gochisōsama deshita.
3 Onegai shimasu.
englishFemale: A man and a woman ate supper. The woman paid. What does the man say?
Male:

1 Thank you for giving us this meal.
2 That was delicious.
3 Please.

The phrase いただきます is a humble version of ‘to receive’ so this has the meaning of receiving
something from someone greater than yourself. This is usually directed at the person who made themeal even if you paid for it.
The phrase ごちそうさまでした , originally, was a phrase that meant you must have done a lot of work
to prepare the meal. But now, it basically means ‘the meal was delicious.’

213

Grammar L1 Answers   The correct answer is #3– ありがとうございます .  

7script女 : おたんじょび おめでとう ございます。
男 : 1 おねがいします。
2 すみません。
3 ありがとうございます。
romajiOnna:
Otoko:

Otanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu.
1 Onegai shimasu.
2 Sumimasen.
3 Arigatō gozaimasu.

englishFemale: Happy Birthday.

1 Please.
2 Excuse me.

Male:

3 Thank you.
It is common, in other situations, to say すみません to mean ‘thank you’. In this particular situationthough, the most natural response is to thank the person who wishes you a happy birthday.   The correct answer is #3– おつかれさまでした .  

8script女 : お先に しつれいします。
男 : 1 しつれいします。
2 おじゃまします。
3 おつかれさまでした。
romajiOnna:
Otoko:

Osaki ni shitsurei shimasu.
1 Shitsurei shimasu.
2 Ojama shimasu.
3 Otsukare-sama deshita.

englishFemale: Excuse me for leaving early.
Male:

1 Excuse me.
2 Sorry for disturbing you.

3 Thank you for your hard work.

214Grammar L1 Answers

おつかれさまでした is very similar to ごちそうさまでした in that both have taken verbs and madethem super polite with the formal prefix お and the suffix さま . つかれ is the masu-stem of つかれる(tsukareru, to be tired). This has a literal meaning of ‘honorably tired.’ So, it has the meaning of “youmust be tired from all the great, hard work you’ve done.”   The correct answer is #1– こちらこそ、どうぞ

9

よろしくおねがいします .  

script女 : はじめまして。にしむらです。どうぞ よろしくおねがいします。
男 : 1 こちらこそ、どうぞ よろしくおねがいします。
2 どういたしまして。
3 どうも。
romajiOnna:
Otoko:

Hajimemashite. Nishimura desu. Dōzo yoroshiku onegai shimasu.
1 Kochira koso, dōzo yoroshiku onegai shimasu.
2 Dō itashimashite.
3 Dōmo.

englishFemale: Nice to meet you. I’m Nishimura. I’m looking forward to working with you.
Male:

1 Likewise. I look forward to working with you.
2 You’re welcome.
3 Hi.

こそ has the basic meaning of ‘for sure’ and acts as an amplifier for the noun that precedes it.
これこそはわたしのほしいものです。

Kore koso wa watashi no hoshii mono desu.
This is the very thing I want. (lit., This very thing, is my wanted thing.)   The correct answer is #3– お元気で .  

10script男 : 東京に 行って きます。
女 : 1 はい、ありがとうございます。
2 おかえりなさい。
3 お元気で。

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Grammar L1 Answers
romajiOtoko:Onna:

Tōkyō ni itte kimasu.
1 Hai, arigatō gozaimasu.
2 Okaerinasai.
3 Ogenki de.

englishMale:

I’m going to Tokyo and coming back.

Female: 1 Yes, thank you.

2 Welcome back.
3 Take care.

元気 (genki, lively) can have a variety of different meanings, depending on the context in which
it is used. Here, the speaker uses the particle で which can refer to the way something is done. So,literally, this means ‘do it lively’ or ‘do it in a lively manner.’ Here are a few other ways you can use

元気 :• お元気ですか。		 Ogenki desu ka.		

Are you okay?/Are you feeling well?

• 元気だして。		 Genki dashite.		

Cheer Up!

• 元気になって。		 Genki ni natte.		

Get well!   The correct answer is #2– ああ、ありがとうございます .  

11script

男 : どうぞ。
女 : 1 はい、どうぞ よろしくおねがいします。
2 ああ、ありがとうございます。
3 どういたしまして。
romajiOtoko:
Onna:

216

Dōzo.
1 Hai, dōzo yoroshiku onegai shimasu.
2 Ā, arigatō gozaimasu.
3 Dō itashimashite.

Grammar L1 Answers
englishMale:

Here you go.

Female: 1 Yes, I look forward to working with you.

2 Ahh, thank you.
3 You’re welcome.

The word どうぞ can mean ‘here you go’ as well as ‘go ahead.’ For example, you can respond to arequest this way:

A 「タバコをすいたいです。」		

“Tabako o suitai desu.”		“(I) want to smoke.”

B 「ああ、はい、どうぞ。
」		“Ā, hai, dōzo.”		

“Oh, yeah, go ahead.”   The correct answer is #3– どうぞ .  

12script男 : ドアを あけましょうか。
女 : 1 すみません。
2 どういたしまして。
3 どうぞ。
romajiOtoko:Onna:

Doa o akemashō ka.
1 Sumimasen.
2 Dō itashimashite.
3 Dōzo.

englishMale:

Let’s shut the door.

Female: 1 Sorry.

2 You’re welcome.
3 Go ahead.

Here is another example (see question 11) of using どうぞ to respond to a request. Instead of saying
yes or no, you can tell someone simply ‘go ahead.’217