Newsletter

International Centre for Water
Hazard and Risk Management
under the auspices of UNESCO

Public Works Research InstituteNational Research andDevelopment Agency, Japan

Volume 16 No. 2
Issue No. 61
July 2021

Message from Executive Director
End-to-End Science

一気通貫の科学

Under climate change and gradual progress insocial vulnerability, how can science and technology contribute to enhancing water-related
disaster resilience and sustainability? Issues thatstand at the border between the field of scienceand that of political or social decision-making
have been discussed in the context of “Sciencefor Human and Society.”
M. Gibbons argued about conceptual differences in scientific knowledge and categorized
it into “Mode 1” and “Mode 2.” The former is
produced as academic, investigator-initiatedand discipline-based knowledge production
Lecture on “The Life of a Japanese Christian
while the latter is a scientific activity for appliCivil Engineer, Dr. Isami HIROI” at ICHARM
on July 5, 2021
cation apart from any traditional discipline
講義「キリスト教徒であった日本の土木技術者、廣井勇博士の生涯」
by aggregating knowledge in context-driven（2021 年 7 月 5 日 , ICHARM にて）
and problem-focused ways. Similarly, defining
theoretical and experiential knowledge activities aiming to recognize phenomena
as “cognizing science” and those aiming to produce and improve phenomena as“designing science,” the Science Council of Japan proposes a new scientific fielddedicated to the discovery of “social wishes,” which aims to reveal critical issues forsocial problem resolution using scientific methods. In Future Earth towards promoting cooperative work between society and the science community, researchers fromwide-ranging fields and various stakeholders share practical issues, co-design andco-produce research and co-deliver the results to understand and resolve global
environmental problems.
As symbolized by “The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution (C. P. Snow),” itis considered inevitable for disciplines based on different scientific principles to beisolated from one another since human information processing ability is limited.
To break through the situation, I would like to propose “End-to-End Science.” By
making full use of information technology, it would be possible to integrate data
and models, exchange scientific knowledge, and promote dialogue among different
disciplines, thus realizing consilience. At the same time, advanced two-way communication between science and society should be materialized so that science canact beyond its realm and interact with society, which leads to the establishment of
End-to-End Science. This is a paradigm shift needed to enhance disaster resilienceand sustainability and for science and society to achieve.
July 30, 2021
KOIKE Toshio
Executive Director of ICHARM

気候が変化し、社会の脆弱化が進む中で、水災害に対する社会のレジリエンスを高め、持続可能性を確保するために、科学技術はどのように貢献できるでしょうか。このように科学の領域と政治や社会の選択責任の領域の境界に位置する問題に関しては、これまで「人間と社会のための学術の在り方」として、国内外で議論が展開されてきました。
M. ギボンズは科学の知の概念的な違いを議論し、学術的な探求の文
脈で専門分野に基礎をおいて行われる知識生産であるモード１に対して、既存のどの専門領域にも属さない知識生産が応用の文脈で行なわれるモード２の科学があり、ここでは解決すべき問題に対して必要な知識が集約されるとしています。日本学術会議では、現象の認識を目的とす
る理論的・経験的な知識活動である認識科学と、現象の創出や改善を目的とする理論的・経験的な知識活動である設計科学を定義し、さらに社会的問題を解決するための課題
を科学的手法により発見するという社会的期待発見研究という分野の創設を提案しています。研究コミュニ
ティと社会との連携を目指すフュー
チャーアースでは、様々な専門分野の研究者と社会の様々な関係当事者
が、問題を共有し、研究を協働して企画、推進し、成果を共に社会実装することによって地球規模の環境問
題の理解と解決に取り組んでいます。
一方、C.P. スノーの「二つの文化と科学革命」に象徴されるように、異なる秩序原理に基づく文理の乖離
は、人間の情報処理能力に限界があるがゆえに避けられないとされていなす。そこで一気通貫の科学の推進を提案します。IT 分野との協力によって、データやモデルを統合し、分野間の対話を深め、情報を融合することによって知の統合を実現するとともに、社会との双方向のコミュ
ニケーションを確立して、科学の区
分を越え、社会と相互に影響し合う、一気通貫の科学の確立を目指すものです。これは、災害レジリエンスと持続可能性を高めるためのパラダイ
ムの転換と言えましょう。

Contents Special Topics

3. 5th ICHARM Governing Board Meeting was held / 第 5 回 ICHARM 運営理事会を開催しました

Research

5. ICHARM session was held in the conference ICWFM2021, organized by BUET (March 30th, 2021) / BUET 主催の国際会議（ICWFM2021）にて ICHARM セッションを開催しました（3/30）

5. Development of Water and Energy Budget Based Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (WEB-RRI) Model for Integrated
Water Resources Management Practices under Climate Change
7. The kick-off meeting of HyDEPP-SATREPS in the Philippines was held online / フィリピン共和国 HyDEPP - SATREPS
キックオフ会議を開催しました

8. Introduction of ICHARM research projects / 研究紹介
9. QIN Menglu, Research Specialist [The effect of the transported sediment conditions from upstream area on
the behavior of sediment and flood inundation in fluvial plain rivers] / 秦 梦露 専門研究員「土砂の量的・質的供給条件の違いが土砂・洪水氾濫現象に及ぼす影響」

10. NAGUMO Naoko, Research Specialist [Geomorphic analysis on sediment transport during torrential rainfall
in mountainous rivers] / 南雲直子 専門研究員「中山間地河川における豪雨時の土砂輸送に関する地形解析」
12. Introduction of research projects by ICHARM Ph.D. students / ICHARM 博士課程研修員の研究紹介
12. Selvarajah Hemakanth, Ph.D. in Disaster Management, 3rd Grade [A study on climate change adaptation
and resilience strategies for optimizing benefits of the Mahaweli River Basin in Sri Lanka]
14. Nguyen Van Hoang, Ph.D. in Disaster Management, 3rd Grade [Integrated operation of reservoirs for maximizing hydropower and reducing flood risk]
17. ITAGAKI Osamu, Ph.D. in Disaster Management, 3rd Grade [Research on a method to assess the effectiveness of flood damage mitigation measures on flood risk reduction for promoting consensus building necessary to achieve River Basin Disaster Resilience and Sustainability by All] / 板垣 修 博士課程 3 年「流域治水の推進に必要な合意形成のための減災対策による被害軽減効果の評価手法の研究」

Training & Education

19. Educational program updates / 研修活動報告
22. Action Reports from ICHARM Graduates
22. Herman Ameno, Lieutenant Firefighter, Military Fire Brigade of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Information Networking

23. E-learning & Workshop for Fostering “Facilitators” in Davao City, Philippines / フィリピン・ダバオ市におけるファシ
リテータ育成のための e ラーニング・ワークショップを開催

25. ICHARM organized the Science and Technology Panel at the 5th UN Special Thematic Sessions on Water and Disasters / 第 5 回国連水と災害に関する特別テーマ会合で科学技術パネルを主催しました

Public Relations

26. The 12th ICHARM Open Day held online, first in its history / 第 12 回「ICHARM Open Day」 ～初めての Web 開催～

Miscellaneous

27. ICHARM Executive Director KOIKE Toshio received FY2020 JSCE International Lifetime Contribution Award / 小池俊
雄センター長が令和 2 年度土木学会国際貢献賞を受賞しました

27. Personnel change announcements / 人事異動のお知らせ
28. Awards / 受賞リスト
28. Publications / 発表論文リスト

Editor's Note / 編集後記

Request to participate in online survey on ICHARM Newsletter
ICHARMニュースレター購読者アンケートのお願い

ICHARM で は、2006 年 3 月 の 設 立 以
降、最新の動向をお知らせする「ICHARM
ニュースレター」を、年 4 回発行しています。
このたび、一層の内容の充実を図るべ
く、読者の皆様にアンケートをさせて頂きたく存じます。
つきましては、以下のサイトにアクセ
ス頂き、アンケートにお答え下さい。
https://forms.gle/1rHq13UFiYK8kb9d7
回答期限：2021 年 10 月 28 日まで
回答時間（目安）：5 分程度

Thank you for subscribing ICHARM Newsletter. ICHARM has been publishing thequarterly newsletter since its establishment in March 2006 to deliver the latest news
about research, projects and other activities to readers around the world. As we are
currently working on the improvement of the newsletter, we would be grateful if
you could spare time to answer the following questions and let us hear your voices
about our publication.
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Survey to be done by: October 28, 2021
Time required: about 5 minutes

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

2

Special Topics

Special Topics

5th ICHARM Governing Board Meeting was held
第 5 回 ICHARM 運営理事会を開催しました
On May 12, 2021, the fifth
ICHARM Governing Board (GB)meeting was held using a web
system via the Internet as a precaution against COVID-19. The
GB meeting is to be held every
year from this year on, in compliance with the agreement
between the government ofJapan and UNESCO, signed on
Participants in the 5th ICHARM Governing Board meeting
February 13, 2020. In the meet第 5 回 ICHARM 運営理事会の参加者
ing, the GB examines the
ICHARM activity report and also examines and adopts its work plan for the next year.
The GB had met four times in the past from the first one on February 25, 2014, until
the fourth on June 2, 2020.
As defined in the agreement, the GB is chaired by the president of PWRI, currently
NISHIKAWA Kazuhiro, and composed of eight members, including YAMADA Kunihiro,
the vice-minister for Engineering Affairs of MLIT, representing the government ofJapan, and Shamila NAIR-BEDOUELLE, the assistant director-general for Natural
Sciences, representing UNESCO on behalf of the director-general.
At the meeting, ICHARM Executive Director KOIKE Toshio reported and then the GB
members examined the activities of ICHARM in the last year from 2019 to 2020. He
also explained the work plan for the next year, which was unanimously adopted by
the GB after thorough discussions.
Overall, all the GB members
highly appreciated the effortsof ICHARM. They also gave
valuable advice for further
improvement of the activities
and the organization. Mr.
YAMADA expressed MLIT’s continuous support to ICHARM, in
addition to praising ICHARM’s
A scene of the Governing Board meeting
research and local practice,
運営理事会の様子
human resource development,
and information network. Some members suggested that ICHARM should be more
active in spreading its outputs worldwide and linking the activities more closely withthe global agenda such as SDGs and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction. Others expected ICHARM to expand its activity further in the Africa andLatin-America regions.
Following the work plan adopted at the meeting with the suggestions provided by
the GB members, ICHARM will continue striving for disaster risk reduction on a
global basis.
The meeting materials are available at the ICHARM website below.

https://www.pwri.go.jp/icharm/special_topic/20210512_GoverningBoard.html

32021 年 5 月 12 日 に 第 5 回
ICHARM 運 営 理 事 会 を 開 催 し ま した。この運営理事会は、2020 年 2
月 13 日に署名・締結された日本国
政府とユネスコとの協定に基づき、
ICHARM の活動に関する報告書の審査、及び事業計画を審査・採択する
ために、年に一度開催することとされています。
これまで、2014 年 2 月の第 1 回会合から 2020 年 6 月の第 4 回会合
までは 2 年に 1 回の開催でしたが、2020 年 2 月の協定によって年に一度開催することとされ、今回が第５回目の会合となりました。会議は新型コロナウィルスの感染拡大防止のため、前回に引き続き WEB での開催となりました。
運営理事会の委員は、本協定の規定により、土木研究所・西川和廣理
事長が議長を務め、日本国政府の代表として国土交通省・山田邦博技監、ユネスコ事務局長の代理としてシャ
ミラ・ナイア・ベドウェル自然科学局 事務局長補等、計８名の委員が出席しました。
会合では、ICHARM 小池俊雄セン
ター長から 2019 年から 2020 年の
1 年間の活動報告がなされて、その審査が行われるとともに、今年度の事業計画について説明し、その審査が行われ、満場一致で採択されました。
国 土 交 通 省 の 山 田 委 員 か ら は、
ICHARM の行っている研究開発とその現地実践の取り組み、人材育成、
そして情報ネットワーク活動を高く評価いただくとともに、今後の活動に対し国土交通省として継続的な支援を行うことが述べられました。また、他の委員からも、ICHARM のこれまでの活動成果を高く評価していた だ き、 今 後 と も ICHARM の 活 動を国際社会で更に普及させていくこと、SDGs や仙台防災枠組み等の国
際的なアジェンダとより強く関連付
けていくこと、そしてアフリカやラテンアメリカ地域での活動展開を期待する意見などをいただきました。
ICHARM では、本会合で採択いただいた事業計画に基づき、また委員の皆様よりいただいたご助言などを踏まえ、今後とも精力的な活動に取り組んで参ります。
なお、本会合での配布資料および発表スライドは、ICHARM ホーム
ページでご覧いただけます。
https://www.pwri.go.jp/icharm/special_
topic/20210512_GoverningBoard_j.html

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

Special Topics

Summary of the 5th ICHARM Governing Board meeting
Date: 16:00-17:30, Wednesday, 12th May 2021
Web meeting system: BlueJeans
Agenda:- Confirmation of the rules and procedures for the ICHARM Governing Board meeting- Examination of ICHARM Activity Report- Examination and adoption of ICHARM Work Plan
Participants (listed in an alphabetical order of their organizations):
TANAKA Akihiko, President, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS)IWASAKI Eiji, Director General of Global Environment Department, on behalf of Mr. KITAOKA Shinichi, President,
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
YAMADA Kunihiro, Vice Minister for Engineering Affairs, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism(MLIT)NISHIKAWA Kazuhiro (Chairperson), President, Public Works Research Institute (PWRI)
MATSUOKA Yuki, Head of the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) Office in Japan, on behalfof Ms. Paola ALBRITO, Chief of Branch, Intergovernmental Processes, Interagency Cooperation and Partnerships,
UNDRR
Shamila NAIR-BEDOUELLE, Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences, on behalf of Ms. Audrey AZOULAY,
Director-General, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)TAKARA Kaoru, Chair Holder, Research and Educational Unit of UNESCO Chair on Water, Energy and Disaster
Management (WENDI), Professor, GSAIS in Human Survivability, Kyoto University
Elena MANAENKOVA, Deputy Secretary-General, World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

TANAKA Akihiko (GRIPS)IWASAKI Eiji (JICA)

YAMADA Kunihiro (MLIT)NISHIKAWA Kazuhiro (PWRI)

MATSUOKA Yuki (UNDRR)

Shamila NAIR-BEDOUELLE(UNESCO)TAKARA Kaoru (WENDI)

Elena MANAENKOVA (WMO)(Written by TOMIZAWA Yosuke)

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

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Research

Research

ICHARM session was held in the conference ICWFM2021, organized by BUET (March
30th, 2021)
BUET 主催の国際会議（ICWFM2021）にて ICHARM セッションを開催しました（3/30）

ICHARM hosted a session during the 8th International Conference on Water andFlood Management (ICWFM2021), held online from March 29 to 31. The session
took place as proposed by Dr. Robin Kumar Biswas, a former research specialist of
ICHARM, since the conference was organized by the Bangladesh University ofEngineering and Technology (BUET), many graduates of which studied in ICHARM’seducational programs. The session was entitled “Fine sediment transport and rivermorphology” and moderated by Training and Research Advisor EGASHIRA Shinji.
Research Specialist HARADA Daisuke delivered a research presentation, and Dr.
Robin, Dr. Afmad Tanjir Saif, Mr. Masbahul Islam, and Mr. Shahinur Rahman of BUET
also spoke about their research related to the topics they pursued when studying at
ICHARM (Dr. Saif graduated from the Ph.D. course in 2020, and Messrs. Islam andRahman from the master’s in the same year). After the presentations, Prof. M. M.
Hossain of BUET and Prof. TAJIMA Yoshimitsu of the University of Tokyo made comments and asked questions. The participants actively discussed the method to treatfine sediment transportation in Bangladesh rivers and the difference between the
bedload transport equations with two different powers, i.e., 3/2 and 5/2, of non-dimensional tractive force.

Oral presentation at an ICHARM meeting room (left) and a photo session with remote participants (right)
左：ICHARM 会議室での口頭発表の様子、右：遠隔参加者を含めた記念撮影

2021 年 3 月 29 日 か ら 31 日 に かけてオンライン開 催された国 際 会
議 ICWFM2021 (8th International
conference on Water and FloodManagement) に お い て ICHARM
セッションを開催しました。本国際会議は BUET（バングラデシュ工科大学）が主催するもので、ICHARM は
これまで多くの BUET の卒業生を修士・博士課程の学生として受け入れてきたことから、Robin Kumar Biswas
元専門研究員の提案により実現したものです。本セッションは「細粒 土砂の輸送と地形変化」と題し、江頭進治研究・研修指導監が司会進行を務めました。ICHARM からは原田大輔専門研究員が発表を行い、BWDB(Bangladesh Water Development
Board) か ら は Robin Kumar Biswas
氏、Afmad Tanjir Saif 氏 (2020 年博
士 課 程 卒 業 )、Masbahul Islam 氏(2020 年 修 士 課 程 卒 業 )、Shahinur
Rahman 氏（2020 年修士課程卒業）
がそれぞれ ICHARM で行った研究を発表しました。各自の研究発表の後に、BUET の M. M. Hossain 教 授 及び東京大学大学院の田島芳満教授から各発表に対するコメント及び質問がありました。特に、バングラデシュの河川を対象とした微細土砂の解析手法に関して、また掃流砂モデルの3/2 乗の式と 5/2 乗の式の違いなどについて、活発な議論が行われました。

(Written by HARADA Daisuke)

Development of Water and Energy Budget Based Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (WEB-RRI)
Model for Integrated Water Resources Management Practices under Climate Change

In recent years, fatalities and economic damage caused by storms, floods and droughts have significantly increased in
the world due to global warming and accelerated population growth, as pointed out by the United Nations International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR, 2018). Global warming has been claimed as the primary cause for inducing
climate and hydrological extremes and threatening the security of water resources and sustainable development (IPCC,
2014). At the same time, ever-increasing population growth places additional pressures on the availability of water
resources as well as disaster risk mitigation and adaptation measures. Therefore, decision-makers crucially require reliable information on water resources as well as water-related disasters to quantify hydrological risk (i.e., the combinationof hazard, vulnerability, and exposure) for efficient management of resources and effective strategies for adaptation andmitigation. To this end, distributed hydrological models (DHMs), which are used for understanding various watershedhydrological processes and predicting watershed behaviors, play a crucial role in generating information on water
resources and water-related disasters to support decision-making strategies. ICHARM has been conducting innovative
research by accumulating a broad range of knowledge to support the implementation of very important global agreements, i.e., the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (Sendai Framework), the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, and by producing high-quality research outcomes to make practical policy recommendations and to solve problems in the fields of Integrated Water Resources
Management (IWRM) and Water-related disaster Risk Reduction (WDRR).
In this context, DHMs with the capability of simulating catchment-scale water and energy budgets as well as rainfall-runoff-inundation processes are essential tools for IWRM as well as WDRR under a changing climate. Previously, ICHARM
5ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

Researchdeveloped the Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) model (Sayama et al., 2012). The RRI model is a runoff-inundation typemodel, which estimates flood depth and inundation mainly based on the conservation of water balance. Model-related
uncertainty arises primarily due to negligence of several fundamental and critical water-energy-related parameters andphysical processes (e.g., soil moisture, canopy interception, evapotranspiration (ET), and soil-vegetation-atmosphereinteractions), which cannot be overlooked for IWRM practices as well as for flood-related applications. For example,
moisture within the soil layers controls the surface runoff and infiltration ratio, whereas the accurate estimation of thesoil-vegetation ET component of the water budget is crucial for simulating accurate soil-vegetation water storages, riverdischarges, and flood depths. The negligence of essential physical formulations for water and energy budget components and land-vegetation-atmosphere interactions within rainfall-runoff-inundation modelling will result in several
critical issues in applying these types of models for flood- and drought-related applications under a changing climate,such as uncertainties in the initial soil and vegetation water-storages, insensitivity to temperature changes and its
impacts on ET. These issues have been recognized as major drawbacks for the applicability of water-budget models towater resources management as well as to water-related disaster management under a changing climate.
As a result, ICHARM has further developed a new model called the Water and Energy Budget Based Rainfall-RunoffInundation (WEB-RRI) model by integrating the RRI model with a land surface model (hydros-SiB2). Particularly, thehydro-SiB2 model is coupled with the RRI-model’s 2D flow equations to incorporate water and energy budget processes, land-vegetation-atmosphere interactions, multi-layer soil moisture dynamics, and 2D lateral water flows to improve
interception, ET, infiltration processes, runoff, and inundation processes. As the WEB-RRI model takes into account theentire natural hydrological processes of a catchment, the model overcomes the limitations identified in the RRI modeland thus can be used for solving issues in IWRM as well as WDRR under the variability of the water cycle as well as achanging climate (Rasmy et al., 2019).
The overall WEB-RRI model structure consists of four
major modules (Figure 1):1) T he Simple Biosphere Model 2 (SiB2) module for thevertical energy and water flux transfer between land
and atmosphere for each model grid;2) T he vertical soil moisture distribution module for soil
moisture dynamics and groundwater recharge;

3) T he 2D diffusive wave lateral flow module for surface
flow and groundwater flow; and4) T he 1D diffusive wave river flow module.
In addition, the interactions between the surface flow
and the river flow, between the groundwater flow andthe soil moisture content, and between the groundwater flow and the river discharge were also
implemented in the WEB-RRI model.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the Water and Energy Balanced based Rainfall–
Runoff–Inundation (WEB-RRI) model and its four major modules

The merits of the WEB-RRI model are:• Physical formulations of hydrological processes (e.g., evapotranspiration, interception, and soil moisture dynamics) toimprove the accuracy of low flow estimations (droughts), the timing of the flood onset, flood peak discharges, andinundation depths and extent for improving the reliability of flood- and drought-related risk assessment (RA).
• The capability of reconstructing the actual conditions of hydrological parameters at each time step and thus reducing
the computational burden of pre-running of the model in practical applications such as flood forecasting, droughtmonitoring, and seasonal predictions.
• The capability of producing reliable responses to the water cycle variability as well as climate change scenarios andthus being applicable to execute IWRM practices under a changing climate for sustainable development.
The detailed model formulations, experimental set-up for different climatic regions, model calibration and validations
with respective to discharges, ET, and inundation can be found in Rasmy et al. (2019).
Reference:
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), 2018: Economic Losses, Poverty and Disasters: 1998-2017. 31
pp., Geneva, Switzerland.
IPCC: Climate Change, 2014: A Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, WMO, Geneva, Switzerland, 190 pp.
Sayama, T, G. Ozawa, T. Kawakami, S. Nabesaka, and K. Fukami, 2012: Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation Analysis of Pakistan Flood 2010 at
the Kabul River Basin, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57(2), pp. 298-312.
Rasmy, M.; Sayama, T.; Koike, T. Development of water and energy Budget-based Rainfall-Runoff -Inundation model (WEB-RRI) andits verification in the Kalu and Mundeni River Basins, Sri Lanka. J. Hydrol. 2019, 579, 124163(Written by Mohamed Rasmy Abdul Wahid)

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

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Research

The kick-off meeting of HyDEPP-SATREPS in the Philippines was held online
フィリピン共和国 HyDEPP - SATREPS キックオフ会議を開催しました
ICHARM is currently leading “The Project for Development of a Hybrid Water-Related
Disaster Risk Assessment Technology for Sustainable Local Economic Development
Policy under Climate Change in the Republic of the Philippines (HyDEPP)” under
the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS) with the University of Tokyo, Tohoku University, the University of Shiga
Prefecture, Nagoya University and Kyoto University. The project is funded by theJapan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Japan Science and Technology
Agency (JST).
SATREPS is a Japanese government program that promotes international joint
research. The program is a collaboration between JST, which provides competitive
research funds to research organizations in Japan, and JICA, which provides development assistance (ODA) in the counterpart country. The principal organizationon the Japan side is ICHARM, while the counterpart on the Philippine side is the
University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB). JST’s 5-year project started in April
2020 after one-year preparation. However, JICA’s project for the same duration was
postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. About one year later, the JICA’s project
officially started on June 3, 2021.
The kick-off meeting of the HyDEPP-SATREPS Project was held online on the morning of June 30, 2021, attended by about 100 participants from research organizationsof both countries, cooperating organizations in the Philippines, JICA, and JST. The
meeting consists of three parts: Session1: Opening Session, Session2: Science andTechnology Session, Session3: Business Meeting, which was closed for project members only.
Session1 began with the opening remarks by Dr. Jose V. Camacho, Jr., the chancellorof UPLB, which was followed by the remarks from Dr. Fernando C. Sanchez, Jr. of
UPLB, the project director on the Philippine side, Ms. OSHIMA Ayumu, the senior
representative of the JICA Philippines office, OHARA Miho, a senior researcher of
ICHARM and the project director on the Japanese side. After the opening remarks,
Project Leader OHARA and Project Manager Dr. Patricia Ann J. Sanchez (UPLB)
explained the objectives and research plan of the HyDEPP-SATREPS project.
They explained that the project aims to create hybrid water-related disaster risk
assessment models by combining climate-change, hydrological, agricultural,and economic models and conduct objective assessments of the effectiveness ofinvestment in disaster prevention measures in the Pampanga River basin and the
Pasig-Marikina River and Laguna Lake basins in the environs of Metro Manila. They
added that policy recommendations for sustainable economic development in urban
and rural areas under climate change will also be formulated through a transdisciplinary approach using the hybrid water-related disaster risk assessment models.
In Session2, the leaders of four groups presented their research plans in detail. The fourgroups are as follows: Group1 for data collection and integration; Group2 for floodand drought risk assessment; Group3 for water-related disaster resilience assessment; and Group4 for predection of sustainable economic development scenario.
OHARA also explained a future project plan, including e-learning programs startingfrom mid-July. The session was concluded with expectation for future research activities by Dr. ASAEDA Takashi, a JST research supervisor, Mr. NAKAMURA Satoshi of
the JICA headquarters, Prof. KOIKE Toshio, the executive director of ICHARM, andthe representatives of other research and cooperating organizations. At the endof the session, Dr. ASAEDA gave closing remarks, emphasizing the importance ofsmooth communication among the members in both countries for the success ofjoint research.
The third session was a business meeting closed for the project members only. The
members discussed and confirmed the detailed activity plan for this year, the roles of7

土木研究所水災害・リスクマネジ
メント国際センター（ICHARM）は、
東 京大学、東北大学、滋 賀県立大学、 名古屋 大 学、 京 都大 学とともに、 国 際協力機 構（JICA）、 科 学 技術振興機構（JST）による「地球規模課題対応国際科学技術協力プログラ
ム（SATREPS）」の防災部門の研究
課題「気候変動下での持続的な地域
経済発展への政策立案のためのハイブリッド型水災害リスク評価の活用/Development of a Hybrid WaterRelated Disaster Risk Assessment
Technology for Sustainable Local
Economic Development Polic yunder Climate Change（課題名の略
称：HyDEPP）」を実施しています。
SATREPS は、 開 発 途 上 国 の 研 究者と共同で行う研究プログラムであり、 日本 国 内で は JST 事 業として、
相 手 国 内 で は JICA に よる ODA 事業として実施されます。本研究課題
はフィリピン共和国を対象としており、日本国側研究代表機関は土木研
究 所 ICHARM、 相 手 国 側 研 究 代 表
機関はフィリピン大学ロスバニョス校（UPLB）です。日本国内での JST 事
業としては、2019 年度における 1 年
間の準備期間の後、2020 年度からの 5 か年間の研究活動を開始していました。全世界的な新型コロナウイ
ルス感染症の拡大に伴い、フィリピ
ン共和国国内での JICA 事業の開始を延期していましたが、2021 年 6 月
3 日から現地での 5 か年間の JICA 事
業を開始しました。
2021 年 6 月 30 日午前に、日本・フィリピン両国の研究参画機関、連携機
関、JICA・JST の 参 加 のもと、 本 研
究プロジェクトのオンライン・キック
オフ会議を開催しました。会議には約 100 名が参加し、第 1 セッション：
Opening Session, 第 2 セッション：
Science and Technology Session、
第 3 セッション ：プロジェクト関係者
のみによる Business Meeting という3 部構成で開催されました。
第 1 セッションでは、UPLB の Dr.
Jose V. Camacho, Jr. 学長、本研究課
題の Project Director の Fernando C.
Sanchez, Jr. 教授（UPLB）、JICA フィ
リピン事務所の大島歩次長、日本側の Project Leader の ICHARM 大 原
美保主任研究員が開会の挨拶を行いました。続いて、大原主任研究員及び Project Manager の Patricia Ann
J. Sanchez 教授（UPLB）が研究プロ
ジェクトの目的や計画の概要を説明しました。本研究課題は、マニラ首都圏近郊のパンパンガ川流域およびパッシグ・マリキナ川・ラグナ湖を対象として、従来の気候変動・水理水文
・
農業・経済活動モデルを結合させた
ハイブリッド型モデルを用いた水災
害リスク評価とこれを用いた事前の防災投資の客観的評価に基づき、分野横断型のアプローチにより、気候変動下での都市と農村における持続可能な経済発展のための政策提言を行うことを目指しています。

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

Research
第 2 セッションでは、グループ１（データの収集・統合化）、グループ２（洪水・渇水リスク評価）、グループ
3（水災害レジリエンス評価）、グルー
プ 4（持続可能な経済発展シナリオの検討）という 4 つのグループのリーダーが、詳細な研究計画の発表を行いました。続いて、大原主任研究員
より、2021 年 7 月中旬からの e ラー
ニング研修や今後の予定について説
明がありました。その後、JST の浅枝 隆 Research Supervisor、JICA 地
球 環 境 部 防 災グル ープの中村 覚 課
長、ICHARM の小池俊雄センター長、共同研究機関および連携機関の代表者から、本研究プロジェクトへの期待が表されるとともに、今後の活動などへのコメントをいただきました。
閉 会 の 挨 拶 で は、 浅 枝 Research
Supervisor から、共同研究を推進す
る上での両国の更なる連携への期待が寄せられ、第 2 セッションを終了しました。
第 3 セッションは、プロジェクト関係者のみの Business Meeting として開催し、今年度の詳細な研究活動計
画、各研究機関の役割分担、各グルー
プ内でのユニットチームの構成などについての協議と確認が行われました。
新型コロナウイルス感染症の拡大により、引き続き、フィリピン共和国への渡航や現地調査などが実施できない環境ではありますが、両国メンバーで連携しながら、共同研究を進めていく予定です。

each research organization, and the plans for the unit teams, which will be launchedunder each group.
The project members in both countries will continue communicating closely for thejoint research, although the local activities in the Philippines are still facing difficulties due to COVID-19 pandemic.
For more information on this research project, please visit:https://www.pwri.go.jp/icharm/research/articles/project-HyDEPP-SATREPS.html

Photo1 Group photo of the participants of the Kick-off Meeting
写真１ キックオフ会議参加者による集合写真

研究プロジェクトの URL：
https://www.pwri.go.jp/
icharm/research/articles/
project-HyDEPP-SATREPS_j.html(Written by OHARA Miho)

Introduction of ICHARM research projects / 研究紹介
ICHARM は、その使命を果たすため、
世界及び地域での災害の傾向及び経験と災害対応に関する地域のニーズ、重要課題、開発段階等を踏まえつつ、自然、社会及び文化といった地域の多様性を考慮する原則というローカリズムを念頭に、研究、能力育成及び情報ネッ
トワーク構築の 3 本柱を有機的に連携させて、現地実践活動を実施しています。
そのうち、研究としては(1) 水災害データの収集、保存、共有、
統計化(2) 水災害リスクのアセスメント(3) 水災害リスクの変化のモニタリン
グと予測(4) 水災害リスク軽減の政策事例の提示、評価と適用支援(5) 防災・減災の実践力の向上支援の 5 つの柱のもと、革新的な研究活動を行っています。
本号では、秦 梦露専門研究員の「土砂の量的・質的供給条件の違いが土砂・
洪水氾濫現象に及ぼす影響」と南雲
直子専門研究員の「中山間地河川における豪雨時の土砂輸送に関する地形解
析」を紹介します。

ICHARM sets three principal areas of activity: research, capacity building, and information network. It plans and implements projects in these areas in order to fulfill its mission, always
keeping in mind “localism”, a principle with which we respect local diversity of natural, socialand cultural conditions, being sensitive to local needs, priorities, development stage, etc.,
within the context of global and regional experiences and trends of disasters.
At present, ICHARM conducts innovative research in the following five major areas:(1) Water-related disaster data archiving, sharing and statistics(2) Risk assessment on water-related disasters(3) Monitoring and forecasting water-related disaster risk changes(4) Support through proposal, evaluation and application of policies for water disasterrisk reduction(5) Support for improving the capacity to practice disaster prevention and mitigation
This issue introduces two researchers as listed below:
QIN Menglu, Research Specialist

The effect of the transported sediment conditions from upstream area on the behavior of
sediment and flood inundation in fluvial plain rivers
NAGUMO Naoko, Research Specialist
Geomorphic analysis on sediment transport during torrential rainfall in mountainous rivers

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

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Research

The effect of the transported sediment conditions from upstream area on
the behavior of sediment and flood inundation in fluvial plain rivers
土砂の量的・質的供給条件の違いが土砂・洪水氾濫現象に及ぼす影響
QIN Menglu, Research Specialist
秦

梦露

専門研究員

Recently, so-called sediment and flood inundation disasters have been frequently
近年、洪水流とともに山地から運reported across Japan. Typical cases include the Northern Kyusyu Heavy Rain in 2017, ばれてきた 大 量な土砂 が、 勾 配 のthe Western Japan Heavy Rain in 2018, and the Eastern Japan Typhoon in 2019. These 緩くなる（山間盆地、扇状地）ある
いは山間部で谷幅が一時的に広がる
disasters are characterized by a large amount of sediment that is carried by an intense （谷底平野）平野部で堆積するため、
flood flow from the mountainous area and suddenly deposit in the fluvial plain where 河床が上昇し、土砂と泥水の氾濫が
the river slope significantly decreases (inland basins, alluvial fans) or at a location where 発生する、いわゆる土砂・洪水氾濫
the river width temporarily expands (valley bottom). Consequently, the river bed rapid- が頻発しています。最近の例としては、2017 年の九州北部 豪 雨、2018
ly rises, inducing the sediment and muddy flow to inundate the inland area. Nevertheless, 年の西日本豪雨、2019 年の東日本台
although inundation hazard mapping has also been in progress for medium- and 風でこのような現象が起こりました。
small-size rivers, the impact of such sediment dynamics has not been considered in this 中小河川においても近年浸水想定区
effort yet. Therefore, to reflect this newly emerging risk in hazard maps, it is essential 域図の作成が進展していますが、その想定にあたってはこのような土砂
to estimate the effect of the extensive sediment propagation due to extreme rainfall の動態による影響は考慮されていな
events on the behavior of sediment and flood inundation in the plain area.
いのが現状であり、豪雨や台風によHence, I am currently developing abasin-scale sediment transportation
model called RRIS-link (RainfallRunoff-Inundation-Sediment-link) toaccurately calculate the conditions of
the flow and sediment (amount andtexture) from moment to moment asthey propagate to the plain area.
Figure 1 shows the model structure. A
one-dimensional sediment transporFigure 1 The structure of the RRIS-link Modeltation model that defines the section(Basin scale flow/sediment transportation model)
図 1 RRIS-link モデルの構成（流域スケールの流れ・
between confluences as a link (unit
土砂輸送モデル）
river channel) is introduced to the RRI
model. In a simulation, the hydraulic condition is first calculated by the RRI model. Thenthe flow discharge at the downstream-end river cell of each link is used by the linkmodel to conduct sediment transportation calculation. After that, changes in bed elevation due to sediment deposition and erosion are outputted into the RRI model tomove on to the next calculation time step. I compared the calculated accumulative
sedimentation volume in the dam reservoir with the observed data after excluding
unreliable data showing significant decreases in 2016 and found that the model’s calculation results show a good agreement with the observed data, as in Figure 2.
In the next step, I am planning to analyze the effect of transported sediment conditions
predicted by the RRIS-link regarding sediment and flood inundation disasters in fluvial
plain rivers.

る大規模な土砂の移動が河床変動や氾濫等に及ぼす影響に関する研究の進展が望まれています。
そのため、私は、降雨条件の変化に対して、平野部の河川がどのように変動するかを正確に予測するために，まず降雨ごとに山地から平野に到達する水理量と土砂の条件（量・質）の経時変化も含めて適切に表現できるよう、既存の氾濫解析 RRI モ
デルに、合流点間を link（単位河道）と定義した一次元土砂輸送モデルを
導 入 し、RRIS-link（Rainfall-RunoffInundation-Sediment-link）という流域土砂輸送計算モデルを開発しています。このモデルは、Figure 1 のよ
うに、まず RRI モデルによって、降雨から各河 道セルの水 理 量を計算し、次に各 link の下流端にある河道
セルの流量を用いて、各 link における河床変動計算を行い、その後、計算された河床変動量を用いて河道セルの河床高を更新し、RRI モデルに出力して、次のタイムステップに進んでいくような仕組みになっています。
そして、Figure 2 は、RRIS-link モデ
ルを用いて、あるダム流域における流域土砂輸送計算の結果を示しています。図中、灰色線は計算された各年分の累積ダム堆砂量で、黄色プロッ
トはその実測値です。両者を比較しますと、測量精度の問題による実測値が大きく減った年を除くと、計算結果は実測値とかなり一致している
ことがわかります。
今後このモデルによって推定される境界条件を用いて、平野部におけるその土砂・洪水氾濫解析を行う予定です。

Figure 2 The simulation results of dam sedimentation during a flood using the RRIS -link model(2010/7/11-2017/10/28)
図 2 RRIS-link モデルを用いた出水時のダム堆砂量の計算結果 (2010/7/11-2017/10/28)

9

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

Research

Geomorphic analysis on sediment transport during torrential rainfall inmountainous rivers
中山間地河川における豪雨時の土砂輸送に関する地形解析
NAGUMO Naoko, Research Specialist
南雲直子

専門研究員

日本の中山間地河川は一般に流域面積が小さく流路の勾配が急である
ため、流域に強い降雨があると急激な水位上昇が起こりやすいという特性があります。また、崩壊・土石流が多発するような強度の豪雨になると、洪水が短時間のうちに土砂や流木を下流へと輸送します。輸送された大量の土砂や流木は、谷出口、あるいはそれより下流で堆積し、激しい流路・河床変動を引き起こします（写真1）。このような流木を含む土砂・洪水氾濫は、近年では 2017 年の九州北部豪雨や、
2018 年の西日本豪雨、
2019 年の台風第 19 号通過の際に起こり、被害を助長しました。
土砂流出を伴う洪水イベントは、
降雨を誘因として生じる地形発達の一過程であり、流域の地形は過去の洪水による土砂流出の規模や地域性を反映したものであると考えられます。そのため、地形を丁寧に観察することで、将来起こりうる氾濫の規
模や特性を帰納法的に推定することが可能です。しかし、地形観察のみ
では洪水による土砂輸送の物理 過
程を読み解くことはできません。また、中山間地河川における土砂・洪水氾濫は、山地部での崩壊や土石流の 発 生、低 地 部での流 路・河床変動に至るまで、広域にわたる多様な土砂輸送過程の中の一コマであり、これを評価するにあたっては調査・検討すべき技術的課題が多いのが現状です。課題解決の一環として、私たちは洪水時の流路の侵食・堆積現
象や土砂輸送能力を簡便に表す流域
面積 A と河床勾配 i からなる指標を提案し、中山間地河川における土砂輸送過程を踏まえた氾濫特性の理解
や氾濫に対する弱点部の特定に取り組んできました。
図 1 は、2017 年九州北部 豪 雨で氾濫した赤谷川および支川の乙石川と、2019 年台風 19 号により氾濫した内川および支川の五福谷川における Ai の縦断分布を示したものです。
Ai は、流路の任意の断面における流水の侵食力を河床せん断力によって評価したもので、これを土砂輸送能力 P として次のようにおいています。
P~Ai		
(1)
ここに、A：流路の任意の地点における流域面積、i：河床勾配、あるいはエネルギー勾配となります。この式の誘導においては、降雨に伴う流量は流域面積に変換され、水深はマニ
ング則を使って流量に変換され、さらに、川幅はレジーム則を使って流域面積に変換されています。Ai が縦断的に増加する場合には流路が侵食される傾向、減少する場合には土砂が堆積する傾向にあることを示しており、その縦断的な増減から、崩壊・土石流に伴う一次堆積土砂や河道堆積物の侵食・堆積過程を説明できまMountainous rivers in Japan generally have a small drainage area
and a steep bed slope; thus, theirwater levels rapidly increase withstrong rainfall in the basins. In
addition, torrential rainfall induces slope failures and debris flows,causing a large amount of sediment and driftwood to betransported by floodwaters andaccumulate in valley mouths orfurther downstream resulting insignificant channel changes andexample of channel changes and bed deformation
bed deformation (Photo 1). Such Photo 1 An
caused by sediment deposition with driftwood(Photo taken on 23rd of July, 2018, in the Sozu River basin)
floods with sediment and drift写真 1 土砂と流木の堆積による流路・河床変動の例
wood happened on several recent（2018 年 7 月 23 日、総頭川にて撮影）
occasions, including the Northern
Kyushu Torrential Rainfall in 2017, the West Japan Torrential Rainfall in 2018, andTyphoon Hagibis in 2019, each aggravating the damage already done to the areas
by heavy rain.
Flood events with sediment runoff are considered as one of the topographic development processes triggered by rainfall, and the topography of each basin reflects
the scale and regional characteristics of sediment runoff in past flood events. It is,therefore, possible to predict those in future flood events by observing the basin’s
topography. However, mere observations of the topography are not enough tounderstand physical sediment transport processes. Moreover, floods with sedimentin mountainous rivers are only a small part of the various, extensive sediment-transport processes involving different phenomena ranging from slope failures and debris
flows in the mountains to channel changes and bed deformation in lowlands. For
these reasons, there are still many technical issues needed to be investigated anddiscussed for proper evaluation of floods with sediment. To address all these challenges by considering the sediment transport processes in mountainous rivers, we
proposed an indicator using drainage basin area A and bed slope i to simply express
the processes of erosion and deposition and the sediment transport capacities along
river channels and then conducted research to understand flood characteristics anddetect areas susceptible to floods.
Figure 1 shows the longitudinal profiles of Ai in the Akatani River and its tributary,
the Otoishi River, which both flooded during the 2017 Northern Kyushu Torrential
rainfall. It also shows those of the Uchikawa River and its tributary, the GofukuyaRiver, which also both flooded during the 2019 heavy rain due to Typhoon Hagibis.
Ai evaluates the erosional force of the flow in terms of the bed shear stress in across-section and describes sediment transport capacity P as follows:					P~Ai					(1)where A is the area of the drainage basin in a cross-section, and i is the energy slope
or bed slope. To derive this equation, the flow discharge due to rainfall is converted
to the drainage area, and the flow depth is changed into the flow discharge using
Manning’s formula, and the flow width is converted to the drainage area according
to the regime theory. Longitudinal increases and decreases in Ai can explain theerosional and depositional processes of primary deposits due to slope failures anddebris flows as well as channel deposits, respectively; longitudinal increases in Ai

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

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Research

Figure 1 Longitudinal profiles of the sediment transport capacities (Ai) in the Akatani and Otoishi Rivers (left)
and the Uchikawa and Gofukuya Rivers (right)
図 1 赤谷川および乙石川（左）と内川および五福谷川（右）の土砂輸送能力（Ai ）の縦断分布

show a tendency of channel erosion, while longitudinal decreases indicate sedimentdeposition.
In the Otoishi River, Ai increases in the section from the mountains to the point 1.0
km upstream from the confluence with the Akatani River, suggesting dominant erosion and active sediment transport downstream. However, observations confirmed
abundant sediment supplies from the river bank due to slope failures and debris
flows, causing massive sediment deposition in the river bed. On the other hand, Ai
significantly decreases as the Otoishi River comes closer to the confluence with the
Akatani River, suggesting abundant sediment supplies into the Akatani River. In thecase of the Akatani River, Ai suddenly starts to decrease at the 1.5 km point, wherea large volume of sediment deposited and channel changes and bed deformation
occurred. As Ai in the upper Akatani River is smaller than that in the Otoishi River,most of the sediment that flooded and deposited in this area is assumed to havebeen transported from the Otoishi River basin.

す。
乙石川について上流側からみると、
Ai は赤谷川との合 流 点 から 1.0 km
地点に向かって増しており、侵食が支配的で土砂が下流へと活発に輸送されていることが示唆されます。しかし、実際には、崩壊・土石流によって河岸から大量の土砂供給があるた
め、乙石川の河床では大規模な堆積が生じています。一方、赤谷川との合流点に近づくと乙石川の Ai は著しく減少するため、赤谷川に顕著な土砂供給をもたらすものと考えられます。赤谷川の 1.5 km 地点より下流では Ai が急減しますが、実際に大 規
模な土砂の堆積と流路・河床変動が生じました。赤谷川上流の Ai は乙石川と比べて小さいことから、この場所で氾濫・堆積した土砂は多くが乙石川流域を起源とするものであると推察できます。
同様に、内川では阿武隈 川から
10.0 km 地点付近で Ai が増加するよ
うになり、侵食作用が支配的で土砂が下流へと活発に輸送されていることが示唆されます。6.0 km から 5.0
km 地点で Ai は急減しますが、この場所は実際に内川の氾濫の起 点となっていて、土砂輸送能力の低下によって氾濫がもたらされたことを意味しています。
このように、空中写真や地形図の分析、現地調査に加えて Ai の縦断的な変化を用いることで、中山間地
河川の洪水に伴う土砂の侵食、輸送、堆積の過程を説明することができ、土砂・洪水氾濫の発生領域をある程度特定できることが分かってきました。中山間地河川の洪水に伴う被害軽減に向け、今後もさらに研究を推進していきたいと考えています。
参考文献：南雲・江頭（2019）地学雑誌
128，835-854；南雲・江頭（2021）地理学評論 94，64-81

Similarly, Ai starts to decrease in the Uchikawa River around the 10.0 km point fromthe Abukuma River, suggesting dominant erosional processes and active sedimenttransport downstream. Ai sharply drops between the 6.0 km point and the 5.0 km
point, around which the Uchikawa River flooded. This indicates that the flood resulted as the river’s sediment transport capacity reduced.
As shown above, sediment erosion, transport and deposition induced by floods inmountainous rivers can be explained using longitudinal changes in Ai in addition to
analyzing aerial photographs, topographic maps, and field survey results. The proposed indicator might also be useful for detecting areas where floods involving large
amounts of sediment may occur. We will continue research to mitigate flood damage
in mountainous rivers.
Reference: Nagumo and Egashira (2019) Journal of Geography 128, 835-854; Nagumo andEgashira (2021) Geographical Review of Japan 94, 64-81

11

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

Research

Introduction of research projects by ICHARM Ph.D. students /ICHARM 博士課程研修員の研究紹介

A study on climate change adaptation and resilience strategies for
optimizing benefits of the Mahaweli River Basin in Sri Lanka
Selvarajah Hemakanth, Ph.D. in Disaster Management, 3rd Grade
セルバラジャ

ヘマカント

博士課程 3 年

Climate change, disasters and multiple non-climatic drivers globally and collectively reinforce hazardous impacts
on the social system, the quality of life, the natural and built environment, and the food-water-energy nexus inwhich they are closely related to one another. Impacts due to climate change and subsequent disasters have to be
strategically handled by connecting natural science and technology for policy making to implement adaptation andresilience strategies. Therefore, this research focused on developing a standardized method to understand water-related disaster risks and proposing strategies based on dam operations to improve disaster risk reduction and water
resources management.
To understand water-related disaster risks, thisresearch developed an integrated approach toassessing climate change impacts by utilizing recent
advancements in science and technology to integrate globally available data sources and a reliablehydrologic model. As a result, this research utilized
the Data Integration and Analysis System of Japan(DIAS) for collecting, manipulating, and downscaling
big-data of General Circulation Models (GCM) andthe Water Energy Budget-based Rainfall-RunoffInundation model (WEB-RRI) for reproducing various
long-term hydrological variables more accurately.
The approach was applied to the Mahaweli River
Basin (MRB) in Sri Lanka (Figure 1) to understand climate change impacts on rainfall, inundation, floods
and droughts.

Figure 1 (a) Topography of Sri Lanka (b) topography of MRB, (c) land use with distribution of discharge measurement points, and (d) climatic zones with rain gauge network

The results from four selected GCMs for the Representative Concentration
Pathway (RCP8.5) scenario showed that with an average temperature
increase of 1.1 °C over the 20 years in the future (2026 to 2045), as
shown in Figure 2, the basin will experience more rainfall (increases ranging from 204 to 476 mm/year, as shown in Figure 3 and intense flood
disasters (Figure 4-a1 to -d1) and receive sufficient water in the futureclimate (inflow increases will range between 11 m3/s and 57 m3/s). The
socio-economic damage due to flood inundation will also increase in the
future climate, as shown in Figure 5. However, qualitatively, the overall
trend of model responses showed an increasing pattern in future meteorological droughts, whereas there is uncertainty in hydrological droughts

Figure 2 Basin average temperature difference(future-past)

Figure 3 The comparison of annual average rainfall differences (future-past) in mm/year
for the selected models and the ensemble mean

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Research

Figure 4 First 20 peak flow and the last 20 low flow of daily average discharge values of the past and future 20 years of the selected GCMs

Figure 5 Socio economic damage(Figure 4-a2 to -d2). The study also found that MRB, especially its downstream region, will be vulnerable to future
droughts during the North East (NE) monsoon period andthe Intermediate Monsoon-2 (IM-2) period.
The climate change impact assessment indicated that water
availability, excess and shortage, which can influence the
MRB system operation, will vary seasonally and spatially inthe future. But these future changes depict the information
regarding the average over a 20-year period only. Still, theonset and withdrawal of these events are uncertain basedon the available information. Therefore, it is necessary touse seasonal forecasting and short-term weather prediction
for flood and drought management. Hence, to utilize futurewater resources and manage flood and drought disasters toensure food, water, and energy security, adaptation stratFigure 6 Seasonal forecast informed reservoir operation for a selectedscenario by allowing flood storage at the end of the time period
egies were developed by utilizing seasonal forecasts andreservoir operation based on short-term weather prediction.
This strategy development was conducted by coupling Japan Meteorological Agency’s (JMA) seasonal forecastingdata and the downscaled versions of National Centers for Environmental Predictions – Global Forecast Systems(NCEP-GFS) deterministic forecasting data by Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) with the WEB-RRI
model to simulate forecasted discharges at a selected location (the Kotmale reservoir). Then, the simulated discharges
were used to perform reservoir operations by introducing a dam module (a real-time reservoir optimization tool byDeltares) to the WEB-RRI model. The experimental results show that by utilizing seasonal-forecast-informed reservoir
operation and the reservoir operation rules for allowing flood storage, it is possible to achieve flood and drought risk
reduction by saving enough water for an upcoming agriculture season and enhance energy generation by pre-releasing a future flood through a power turbine (Figure 6).
Moreover, the results of the short-term operation showed that the expected flood inflow can be utilized for power
generation by pre-releasing the forecasted inflow and keeping the reservoir elevation at a low level to receive a future
flood, thus preventing the reservoir from spilling.
13

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

ResearchIntegrated operation of reservoirs for maximizing hydropower and reducing
flood risk
Nguyen Van Hoang, Ph.D. in Disaster Management, 3rd Grade
グエン

バン

ホアン

博士課程 3 年

Water resources provide a potential energy value for electricity generation. As an important renewable energy resource,hydropower contributes to massively cutting down carbon emissions and mitigating global warming. Therefore, if
properly planned and implemented, hydropower generation could be an affordable, reliable, sustainable, modern
technology and will help mitigate the impact of climate change (the Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs, include a
dedicated, stand-alone goal on energy as SDG 7). The significant public interest has been drawn in the use of hydropower generation in a concerted approach, which aims to improve the operational efficiency of existing reservoir
systems as a preferred solution not only for mitigating flood damage but also for the effective use of water resources.
In order to introduce the concerted approach successfully, the study presented an integrated method for demonstrating the effectiveness of dam operations by combining a rainfall forecasting model and a distributed hydrologicalmodel capable of analyzing reservoir operations and simulating downstream flooding. The research framework isshown in Figure 1. Two additional research novelties were considered while investigating strategies for flood damage
reduction. Firstly, the study proposed an integrated method to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of current
hydropower generation dams to flood risk reduction (Figure 2). Second, the study also proposed an integrated
approach developed for investigating the effectiveness of reservoir operation strategies by conducting the analysis,
evaluation, and proposal of reservoir operation scenarios corresponding to the uncertainty scenarios of the forecasts(Figure 3).

Figure 1 Research framework

Figure 2 Quantitative evaluation of contributions to flood risk
reduction by hydropower generation dams (1)Figure 3 Integrated operation of reservoirs for maximizing hydropower
and reducing flood risk (2)ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

Figure 4 Vu Gia Thu Bon river basin

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Research

The system was applied to the Vu Gia Thu Bon (VGTB) river basin (Figure 4), one of the major river basins in central
Vietnam, and evaluated based on data availability, government policy, and the urgency to develop integrated solutions that will improve the basin’s resilience against flood hazards by effectively utilizing available infrastructure.
The integrated method was further applied to quantitatively evaluate the effect of hydropower dam operations onflood mitigation in the VGTB basin. The results indicated that the lowering of the reservoir water level of an upstream
dam may have contributed to reducing flood extent and inundation depth in the area downstream of the dam during
the flood event, suggesting the potential of effective dam operations to improve flood risk management in this river
basin. The study quantitatively confirmed an effective way of using existing infrastructure for flood risk reduction.
In addition, downstream flood simulations were conducted using a distributed hydrological model (WEB-RRI), andthe simulation results were verified based on information from ground surveys (Flood Mark Survey data-FMS, Figure5) and aerial observations (SAR data, Figure 6). The flooding process was completely reconstructed and compared
during each period of inundation: before (SAR), during (maximum inundation depth by FMS), and after (SAR) theinundation (Figure 7).

Figure 5 Correlation charts based on the water depths collectedfrom simulated and observed data (FMS) at critical points

Figure 6 Estimated inundation areas derived for the 2017 flood event in
the VGTB river basin from Sentinel-1 SAR data

The uncertainty in predicted streamflow causes difficulty for dam managers to decide a suitable operation strategy,
for they are caught in a dilemma between securing economic benefits when prioritizing water storage for electricity generation and prioritizing downstream flood risk reduction when releasing dam water in advance. This study
attempted to address uncertainties in forecasts by employing an ensemble forecasting system and reviewing dam
operation and pre-release strategies. Then, an integrated system was developed to propose and evaluate reservoir
operation strategies based on ensemble hydrological prediction information. The system was evaluated on the VGTB
river basin by applying the methodology to the hypothetical pre-release of dam water (Figure 8). The results showedthat the magnitude of inundation could be reduced while maintaining the water level of the dam after flooding(Figure 9 and Figure 10). By adopting ensemble rainfall forecast information while considering the current state of
the reservoir, the system can provide a timely recommendation for the operator to take the initiative in pre-release,including determining the starting time and flow rates of water release, as well as no water release in advance in somecases.
Therefore, effective dam operations have the potential to improve flood risk management in this river basin.
Considering flood risk management issues that have emerged after the rapid socioeconomic expansion in central
Vietnam, the region is urgently in need of improved capability of flood risk management. The study suggests how
the basin without flood control dams could improve resilience against flood hazards by effectively utilizing currently
available infrastructure. The reference information presented in this study can provide a harmonious solution topromote the integrated management of a river basin among relevant parties.

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ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

Research

Figure 7 Compare observed downstream flooded and WEB-RRI output

Figure 8 Compare the Dak Mi 4 dam hydrograph of actual andassumption operation during flood event 2017

Figure 9 Comparison flood water level at Ai Nghia hydrology station during
flood event 2017 between a) No dam assumption case (natural river), b) Actual
dam operation case (Actual operation) and c) Ensemble prediction model

Figure 10 Maximum downstream inundated during flood event 2017a) No dam assumption case (natural river), b) Actual dam operation case (Actual operation) and c) Ensemble prediction model

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

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Research

Research on a method to assess the effectiveness of flood damage mitigation
measures on flood risk reduction for promoting consensus building
necessary to achieve River Basin Disaster Resilience and Sustainability by All
流域治水の推進に必要な合意形成のための減災対策による被害軽減効果の評価
手法の研究
ITAGAKI Osamu, Ph.D. in Disaster Management, 3rd Grade板垣修

博士課程 3 年

In recent years, heavy rains and flood disasters that have never been experienced
before are frequently occurring across Japan. Furthermore, based on predictions
regarding the impact of climate change due to global warming, such events arelikely to be even more intense and frequent. Thus, it is a matter of urgency to implement various measures to prevent and mitigate the damage to be caused by heavy
rains and resulting flood hazards.
A strategical shift from conventional flood management to new flood management
to cope with climate change impacts has been discussed. In April 2021, a technicaltask force of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) forplanning flood management to adapt to climate change proposed an approach tosetting rainfall increase rates. According to the proposed approach, simulations
suggest assuming significantly larger scales of rainfall and flood events than thecurrent ones to plan future flood management.
In these circumstances, the Panel on Social Infrastructure Development of MLIT submitted a policy report to the government in July 2020, highlighting the concept of“River Basin Disaster Resilience and Sustainability by All.” The panel stresses that, in
addition to promoting the development of flood control structures such as levees
and dams, the new concept should be introduced to flood management, in which
various actors in the basin, including the potential flooded areas, should engage inconcerted efforts to promote sustainable flood management over the entire basin.
While flood control infrastructure should continue to be built and improved (level-1
flood management), additional damage mitigation measures should also be implemented in preparation for heavy rains and floods whose scales exceed the design
scales for flood management planning. Such mitigation measures include ones toreduce damage to property and assets such as houses and farmland, in addition toprotecting human lives, in the event of flooding whose scale exceeds the design
scale. In past years, mitigation measures are primarily designed to protect human
lives by encouraging safe evacuation in case of flooding of theassumed maximum scale (level-2
flood management). However, inorder to realize the speedy restoration and reconstruction of local
communities after a disaster andensure their sustainability, it isindispensable to implement measures for mitigating damage toproperty and assets. In otherwords, new flood management
should include the enhancement
Figure 1 Classification of flood control measures and theof community resilience in its
scope of the researchscope (Figure 1).
図 1 洪水対策の分類と本研究の対象範囲
Nonetheless, although the implementation of measures to improve community
resilience to disasters has been increasingly important under ongoing climatechanges, there has not been much progress in developing approaches to testingand evaluating such measures for their effectiveness in damage reduction.
Ian. L. McHarg (1969) rightly pointed out: “The more intrinsically an environment is17

近年、これまでに経験したことのないような豪雨・洪水災害が全国で頻発しています。地球温暖化による影響を踏まえると、豪雨・洪水の強大化・頻発 化が引き続き見込まれ、豪雨・洪水被害の防止・軽減対策の推進が喫緊の課題です。
気候変動の影響を考慮した治水計画への移行については、国土交通省の「気候変動を踏まえた治水計画に係る技術検討会」から 2021 年 4 月に具体的な降雨増加率の設定手法が提案されていますが、現行の治水計
画に比べかなり大きな降雨・洪水を想定せざるを得ない状況です。
このようななか、堤防・ダム等の治水 施 設の 整 備を推 進するとともに、氾濫域を含む 流 域の様々な主体が協働して流域全体で行う持続可
能な治水対策である「流域治水」が国土交通省 社会資本整備審議会の2020 年 7 月の答申等において強調されています。
治水施設の着実な整備（レベル 1
対策）の推進を前提として、治水計
画規模を超える豪雨・洪水への備えとして、減災対策（治水計画の規模を超える洪水時に、人命の確保に加え、住家・農地等の資産被害等を軽減するための対策）が重要です。これまで、想定最大規模の洪水 ( レベル 2) を対象とした避難による人命確保を中心とした減災対策が進められてきていますが、被災後の地域の迅
速な復旧・復興と地域社会の持続性を確保するためには、人命の確保に加え、住家・農地等の資産被害等の軽減対策を併せて実施していくこと
により、地域のレジリエンス強化を図っていくことが重要です（図 1）。
このように、治水計画規模を超える洪水時の住家・農地等の資産被害などを軽減するための減災対策の重要性が気候変動下に一層増大しているのにもかかわらず、減災対策の具体的な検討手法及び被害軽減効果の評価手法は確立されていません。
な お、 イ ア ン・L・ マ ク ハ ー グ（1969） が、 本 質 的 に 環 境 が 生 態
系・生物・土地利用のいずれかに適していればいるほど、それだけ適応の作業が少なくてすむと主張しているように、場所ごとの浸水しやすさ等に応じた土地利用を進めることが、自然環境の保全とともに水害リスクを低減することにつながると考えられますが、自然環 境の 保 全 便 益の評価手法が未確立である現状を踏まえ、水害被害の防止・軽減効果を直接の指標とした手法の検討を本研究では行うこととしました。
本研 究では、下記 2 つの減 災 対

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

Research
策の検討手法（①のみ）及び効果の評価手法（①、②ともに）の試案を提示するとともに、その適用性を検証しました。手法の検討に当たっては、流域の様々な主体による活用を念頭に、既存公表データに基づき、誰でも適用可能な手法とすることを重視
し、開発途上国の洪水対策の検討の場等でも活用できるように留意しました。
①治水計画規模を超過する洪水時に堤防越水地点を制御することによる減災対策
江戸時代に用いられた野越（のこし）、米国陸軍工兵隊の管理された越水を踏まえ、これまでの治水施設整備のストックを活かしつつ、流下能力を超過する洪水時に越水地点を制御することにより河道の貯留・流下能力を保 全し、氾濫水量を低 減する減災対策について、越水地点の選定手法及び効果の評価手法を提案
し、近年激甚な破堤氾濫が発生した
河川に試験適用し、越水地点の候補を選定するとともに効果を試算しました（図 2）。
②河川改修と氾濫原における暴露・
脆弱性 対 策を統合した洪水被害防止・軽減対策
国土技術政策総合研究所 気候変動適応研究本部の研究成果を活用し、複 数種 類の対 策を統合した水害リスク低減効果の評価手法を提案
するとともに、フィリピンのアグサ
ン川下流において河川改修と住家移転・宅地嵩上げを行った洪水対策プ
ロジェクトに試験適用し、統合的な水害リスク低減効果を示しました（図3）。
本研究成果が、流域治水の推進に必要な様々な種類の対策の具体的検討手法、効果の評価手法の確立に向けて活用されることを期待します。

fit for any of these, the less work of adaptation is necessary”, here, ‘these’ refers to
ecosystems, organisms and land uses in the previous sentence. In other words, if
land use planning is carried out, for example, based on the probability of flooding ofeach location, it is probably better in terms of the conservation of the natural environment and the reduction of flood risk. However, since a method has not yet been
established for evaluating possible benefits to be gained from preserving the naturalenvironment, in this research I decided to study an evaluation method using theeffect of flood damage prevention and mitigation as an indicator.
In this research, I proposed and tested the following two methods for applicability.
In the process of developing the methods, I designed them to be easily applicableby any user using existing data available for public use so that they can be employedby different actors in the basin, as well as by those in developing countries, forplanning flood management.
(1) Flood damage mitigation by controlling overflow points in case of a flood
exceeding the design flood scale.

This mitigation measure employs
the ideas of “nokoshi,” a flood control approach used in the Edo period(1603-1867) in Japan, and “managed overtopping of levee systems,”
presented by the US Army Corps ofEngineers. In addition to maximizing the existing flood control
infrastructure, the measure aims tosecure the river channel’s retarding
and discharge capacities and reducethe volume of overflow by con*The images were created using iRIC and superimposed onto a color elevation map
providedby Geospatial Information Authority of Japan.
trolling overflow points in case of a
※ iRIC により作成 背景に国土地理院色別標高図を使用
flood exceeding the channel’s dis- Figure 2 Reproduced image of a past flood event (top) andsimulated image of the same flood with controlled
charge capacity. In this research, I
overflow (bottom)
proposed a method for selecting
図 2 実洪水の再現計算結果（上）と越水地点制御時の浸水範囲（下）overflow points and a method forevaluating the effect of controlled overflow on damage reduction. The methods wereexperimentally applied to a river where large-scale levee breaches resulted in massive
flooding in the recent past. Overflow points were selected, and the effect of the proposed flood damage mitigation method was evaluated (Figure 2).
(2) Flood damage prevention and mitigation by conducting river improvement
and exposure and vulnerability reduction in floodplains.

This integrated method is built
on the research done by the
Climate Change Adaptation
Research Group of the
National Institute for Land andInfrastructure Management. I
proposed a method to evaluate the effectiveness of theintegrated measure on floodrisk reduction. It was experi- Figure 3 Flood damage risk reduction effect by river improvement,
relocation of houses, and heightening of residential landmentally applied to a flood
図 3 河川改修と住家移転・宅地嵩上げによる水害リスク低減効果
management project in thelower Agusan River of the Philippines, in which river improvement, the relocation ofhouses, and the heightening of residential land were conducted. The results foundthat the integrated measure can effectively reduce the flood damage risk (Figure 3).
I hope that this research’s findings will contribute to establishing approaches totesting and evaluating various measures needed to promote River Basin Disaster
Resilience and Sustainability by All.
ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

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Training & Education

Training & Education

Educational program updates
研修活動報告Since 2007, ICHARM has provided a one-year master’s program in collaboration
with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Graduate Institute for Policy
Studies (GRIPS), which is designed mainly for officers of overseas governmentorganizations. Students mainly attend lectures and practices in the first six months
from October to March and work on their individual theses in the second six months
from April to August.
<Lectures>
On March 10, Professor FUKUOKA Shoji of
Chuo University delivered his first lecture on“Flood Hydraulics and River Channel Design”
course online. His class usually takes placeearlier in the master’s course around October,but due to the global pandemic of COVID-19,
it had to be delayed. He delivered the first half
series of his lectures online, but because of hisearnest requests to give the students face-toface lectures, the second half of his lectures
were given at ICHARM.

Final Lecture by Prof. FUKUOKA Shoji of Chuo
University
福岡捷二中央大学教授による最終講義

Wrapping up his final lecture on March 31, Prof. Fukuoka gave heartfelt words ofencouragement to the students, who were very impressed and inspired with hiswords while feeling his endless energy.
<Practices>“Practice on Open Channel Hydraulics” by Dr.
YOROZUYA Atsuhiro of ICHARM started in
April. On April 5, the students practiced
hydraulics at an outdoor experimental facilityof a construction consulting company inTsukuba.
The students were divided into two groups
and worked on tasks using two different
experimental flumes alternately.
At the final lecture of this course in May, theypresented and discussed the experimental
results.

A group of students practicing hydraulics withexperimental flumes
実験水路にて作業を行う１グループ<Interim Presentation>
On April 20, the Second Interim Presentation
was held in the morning, and the seven master’s students spoke about their research
projects.
As they had gained a lot of knowledge andexperiences through the lectures and practices in the last six months, every student
delivered their presentation more confidently
this time compared to the first presentation.

Research and Training Advisor
EGASHIRA (top, right) making
comments on the presentations
総括コメントを述べる江頭 ICHARM
研究・研修指導監

After making some general comments on thepresentations, Research and Training Advisor
EGASHIRA Shinji told the students that all ofthem would proceed to the “Degree Course,” which means that they are now offi19

ICHARM では 2007 年以降、国際協力機構（JICA）、政策研究大学院大学（GRIPS）と連携し、主に外国人行
政職員を対象として、約 1 年間で学位を取得できる修士課程研修コースを設けています。例年、10 月から翌年 3 月までの 6 カ月は主に講義や演習が行われ、4 月から 8 月にかけては論文執筆に取り組みます。
＜講義＞
3 月 10 日、中央 大学の福岡捷二
教 授 に よ る Flood Hydraulics andRiver Channel Design のコースがオンラインで開講しました。このコース
は通常、研修開始当初の 10 月から開講しますが、今年度は COVID-19の感染拡大により、開講が遅くなりました。
コース前半の講義はオンラインでしたが、できるだけ多くの修士学生と対面 で 講 義 をしたいという福 岡
教 授の要 望もあり、コース後半は、
ICHARM において対面で行われました。
3 月 31 日の 最 終講 義では、福岡
教授から全学生に激励の言葉が贈られました。学生たちは、福岡教授のエネルギッシュな姿勢に感銘を受けていました。
＜実習＞
4 月 か ら 萬 矢 敦 啓 ICHARM 主 任
研 究 員 に よ る Practice on OpenChannel Hydraulics の実習が始まりました。4 月 5 日、学生は、つくば市内の建設コンサルタント会社の屋
外実験施設で、水理学の実習を行いました。学生は 2 つ のグループに分かれ、異なる実験水路を交互に利用
し実習を行いました。5 月の最終実
習では、実験結果について発表し、討論を行いました。
＜中間発表＞
4 月 20 日の午前中に第 2 回中間発表会が行われ、修士課程の学生 7名が研究内容について発表しました。
この半年間の講義と演習で多くの知識と経験を積んだことで、学生は第１回目に比べて自信を持って発表を行うことができました。
江頭進治研究・研修指導監は、発表内容について総括コメントを述べた後、学生全員が Degree Course に進めることを伝えました。これにより学生全員が、修士取得に向けて論文の作成に取りかかることが正式に認められたことになります。
＜現地視察＞
第 2 回中間発表会を終えたのち、学生はチャーターバスで新潟県の信濃川流域と群馬県の利根川流域へ３
泊４日の視察に出発しました。
ICHARM の研究員が同行し、実際の河川での観測手法の実習や現場視

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

Training & Education
察を行ったほか、国土交通省北陸地
方整備局と関東地方整備局の職員から、さまざまな治水対策を学びました。
１日目の 4 月 21 日、学生は新潟県新潟市にある国土交通省信濃川下流河川事務所を訪問しました。事務所では、職員から信濃川の地形・水理特性と主要治水構造物を中心とした講義を受けました。各講義テーマの合間には、学生は毎回積極的に職員に質問しました。
その後、日本海沿岸の海岸侵食を見ながら南下し、大河津分水路の河口をはじめ日本海沿岸の地形が見渡せる弥彦山に到着しました。そこでは信濃川河川事務所の職員から、越後平野の特徴や日本海側の地形などの説明を受けました。それから信濃川大河津資料館を訪れ、資料館の職員から、大河津分水路の歴史と役割について説明を受けました。また、「にとこ・みえ～る館」で山地部を掘削して川幅を広げる現在の大河津分水路改修事業について説明を受けるとともに、信濃川に架かるＪＲ越後線の橋梁により、堤防が低い箇所や堤防
漏水箇所を視察しました。
２日目の 4 月 22 日は、小千谷市に移動し、信濃川河川公園にて流量観測の実習を行いました。天候に恵まれ、また実際の河川での初めての実習ということもあり、学生は真摯
に実習に取り組んでいました。
その後、三国川ダムを訪問し、ダム管理所の職員からロックフィルダ
ムの歴史や構造の説明を受けた後、ダム堤体内を視察しました。
最終日の 4 月 23 日には、浅間山
北麓ビジターセンターを訪れ、浅間山噴火の歴史の説明を受けました。
浅間山の溶岩が造った人の背の高さほどある奇岩に学生は驚いていました。また、1783 年の浅間山噴火で、土石流に気づいて階段を上がり、観音堂まで避難できた人のみが助かった鎌原観音堂を訪れました。その後、吾妻川の河岸に移動し、地形図や地質図を見ながら降雨や土砂流出の過程について議論を行いました。
午後には八ッ場ダム管理支所を訪問し、「利根川ダム統合管理事務所と八ッ場ダムの役割」について、利根川ダム統合管理事務所副所長から講義を受けました。その後、八ッ場
ダム堤頂部と堤体の下部を見学し、ダムの構造を間近で見る機会を得ました。
これまで学生はコロナ禍のなかで、非常に制限されたストレスの多い生活を強いられていたため、この視察は学生にとって特別なものであったに違いありません。
最後に、本視察のために対応いた
だきました関係者の皆様に深い感謝の意を表します。

cially allowed to start working on their theses for a master’s degree.
<Field Trip>
April 20-23, 2021
On the afternoon of April 20, right after they finished the Second Interim Presentation,
the students set out for field trip of three nights and four days on a chartered bus to
the Shinano River basin in Niigata Prefecture and the Tone River basin in Gunma
Prefecture.
They practiced using river observation methods on an actual river and visited various
sites with researchers of ICHARM. They also learned various flood control efforts led
by the Hokuriku and Kanto Regional Bureaus of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT).
On April 21, the students visited the Shinanogawa Karyu River office, MLIT, locatedin Niigata city. They heard mainly about the topography and hydraulic features of
the Shinano River and the main flood control structures in the river from an officer
there. On each topic, the students asked many questions.
Then, they headed for the south, watching coastal erosion on the coast of the Japan
Sea, and arrived at Mt. Yahiko, where they can overlook the topography of the coastof the Japan Sea, including the estuary of the Ohkouzu Diversion Channel. They
heard the features of the Echigo (the old name of the Niigata region) plain and the
topography along the Japan Sea side from an officer of the Shinano River Office.
Their next destination was the Shinanogawa Ohkouzu Museum, where they learned
about the Ohkouzu Diversion Channel. They heard outline of the history and theroles of the Channel from a museum staff.

Students listening to a staff member of the Shinanogawa River Officeat the Shinanogawa Ohkouzu Museum
信濃川大河津資料館にて信濃川河川事務所職員による説明

After that, they moved to the “Nitoko Mie-ru Museum,” where the students listened
to an explanation about the Ohkouzu Diversion Channel Improvement Project towiden the river channel by excavating mountainous area. They were also taken toobserve the low levee due to the Japan Railway Echigo line bridge crossing the
Shinano River and the point where levee leaks occurred.
On April 22, the students visited the
Shinano River Park in Ojiya City,
where they practiced discharge measurements on the Shinano River.
Blessed with good weather, they
worked on the practice diligently,
which was their first outdoor training
in an actual river.
Then they visited Sagurigawa Dam.
An officer of the Sagrigawa
Management Office explained thehistory and structure of the rockfill
dam and took them to the inside ofthe dam body.

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

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Students practicing discharge measurements on the ShinanoRiver
信濃川にて流量観測実習を行う学生

Training & Education

On April 23, they visited the Asama
Volcano Museum, where they studied thehistory of the eruption of the mountain.
They were surprised at the many strange
rocks that were made by the lava of Mt.
Asama and were as tall as a person.
After that, they visited the Kambara
Kannon Temple. During the 1783 Mt.
Asama eruption, only people who noticed
the debris flow and evacuated up thestairs to the temple survived the disaster.
They then moved to the banks of theAgatsuma River and discussed the process of rainfall and soil runoff in the area
while looking at topographic and geological maps.
On the afternoon, they visited the Yamba
Dam Management Branch Office andattended a lecture on “the Role of theTone River Dams Integrated Control
Office and the Yamba Dam” by the engineering deputy director of the control
office. They also had an opportunity tovisit the top and bottom of the dam bodyand take a close look at the structure of
the dam.

An officer of the Sagurigawa Dam Management Office(far right) explaining the history and structureof the rock fill dam
三国川ダム管理所職員によるロックフィルダムの歴史と構造の説明Students and ICHARM staff observing the Agatsuma
River and discussing the rainfall and soil runoff
processes there while looking at topographic andgeological maps
吾妻川河岸にて、地形図や地質図を見ながら、降雨や土砂流出の過程について ICHARM 職員と議論

The trip must have been particularly special to the students because they had been
forced to live a highly restricted, stressful life due to COVID-19.
Finally, we would like to express our deepest appreciation to all the people involved
with their excellent support for this visit.

Students listening to an explanation about Yamba
Dam by the engineering deputy director of the Tone
River Dams Integrated Control Office
利根川ダム統合管理所副所長による八ッ場ダムの説明を聴講In front of Yamba Dam
八ッ場ダム前にて(Written by MIYAZAKI Ryosuke)

21

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

Training & Education

Action Reports from ICHARM Graduates
ICHARMでは、政策研究大学院大学（GRIPS）、国際協力機構（JICA）と連携して、世界各国から洪水対策の行政官を対象として、1年間の修士課程「防災政策プログラム 水災害リスクマネ
ジメントコース」を実施するとともに、3年間の博士課程「防災学プログラ
ム」を実施しています。これまで100名を超える実務者・研究者の方々が各課程を修了し、帰国後、本研修で習得された知識や経験を生かして、様々な分野において活躍されています。
ICHARMニュースレターでは、こうした卒業生の方々から、ご活躍の様子について寄稿していただくこととしております。本号では2020年度（13期）
修士課程卒業のHerman Ameno氏（ブラジル）から寄稿いただきましたので、ご紹介します。

ICHARM provides graduate-level educational programs for foreign government
officers in charge of flood risk management in collaboration with GRIPS and JICA:
a one-year master’s program, “Water-related Risk Management Course ofDisaster Management Policy Program,” and a three-year doctoral program,“Disaster Management Program.”
Since their launches, over 100 practitioners and researchers have completed
either of the programs. They have been practicing knowledge and experienceacquired through the training in various fields of work after returning to theirhome countries. This section is devoted to such graduates sharing information
about their current assignments and projects with the readers around the globe.
Lieutenant Firefighter Herman Ameno (Brazil), who graduated from the master's
program in 2020, has kindly contributed the following article to this issue.

Herman Ameno

Lieutenant Firefighter, Military Fire Brigade of Minas Gerais, Brazil

In Brazil, usually all firefighter lieutenants who graduate from a fire academy, are trained for 3 years in topics
such as urban fires, wildfires, pre-hospital care, search and rescue, vehicle extrication, lifeguarding, diving, hazardous material, disaster risk management, and disaster management. This was the case for me from 2012 to2014.
After finishing my master’s course in Japan, I came back to Brazil at the end of September 2020. At the MilitaryFire Academy of Minas Gerais (MFAMG), one of the units of the Military Fire Brigade of Minas Gerais (MFBMG),
I was appointed as the head of a class of 35 firefighter cadets who intend to be lieutenants by the end of 2021.
They have already completed 2 out of the 3 years of their course, and through their last year in the Fire Academy,
I will be responsible for guiding and teaching them about disaster risk management, disaster management, and,specifically, the analysis and evaluation of dams. The knowledge I am sharing with them during the past months
is what I had learned while I was at PWRI/ICHARM for a year.
Besides, I am also attending online seminars and helping to organize someevents to spread knowledge concerning tailings dams. Of course, in my presentation, I address topics about which I increased my knowledge while
studying in Japan. One of the initiatives I helped organize in Brazil was the VIIIInternational Seminar on Disaster Risk Management, which was held on
February 25 and 26, 2021. Due to the spread of COVID-19, the event was held
online for the first time. It focused on practical actions carried out by thefirefighters of my institution and the Municipal Civil Defense Coordinators,
aiming to promote more cooperation between the Brazilian society and theofficials on disaster risk management.
This event was a joint initiative of the MFBMG, the Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA), and the Honorary Consulate of Japan in Belo
Horizonte with the participation of international speakers in addition to representatives from several regions of Brazil.

Photo 1: VIII International Seminar on
Disaster Risk Management

In 2021, the seminar adopted a topic entitled “Technologies promoting Resilience” to stimulate the use of technologies to enhance civil
defense actions: namely prevention, mitigation, preparation,
response, recovery, and reconstruction.
In this edition, Dr. OHARA Miho, from ICHARM under the auspices of
UNESCO, Japan, shared her knowledge with the participants. She
presented a lecture about “Evidence-based Flood Contingency
Planning and Recommended Flood Response under the Risk of
COVID-19.” Moreover, former master’s students at ICHARM, like
ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

22

Photo2: Presentation by Dr. OHARA translated
into Portuguese

Training & Education / Information Networking

myself, and Mr. Rafael Silva Araujo, a geologist, also discussed their master’s theses in this seminar. The firstpresentation was about “Hazard Area resulting from tailings dam failure,” and the second on “Flood Impact
Assessment in the Itapocu River Basin.”
All activities I am developing with my students and other firefighters are challenging since we are all struggling
under restrictions imposed upon us by the pandemic created by COVID-19. Even society has undergone several
temporal lockdowns, we firefighters cannot stop our work; we have lives depending on our efforts. In this way, I
believe the knowledge I brought home from Japan is essential to help us deal with this world crisis using adequate actions and strategies.
The degree is important as it allows me to be in the MFAMG to share knowledge with the cadets and otherpeople through seminars. I expect Japan and Brazil to continue to cooperate as we still need to enhance thecoordination among our institutions in order to improve our actions against disasters.
I am grateful for the opportunity I had at ICHARM to get the knowledge that helps develop my community andcountry.

Photo3: Lieutenant Firefighter Herman presenting his master’s thesis

Photo4: Mr. Rafael Silva Araujo presenting his master thesis

Photo 5: Studio assembled to stream the seminar (1)Photo 6: Studio assembled to stream the seminar (2)Information Networking

E-learning & Workshop for Fostering “Facilitators” in Davao City, Philippines
フィリピン・ダバオ市におけるファシリテータ育成のための e ラーニング・ワークショッ
プを開催
ICHARM held an e-learning & workshop for candidates of “Facilitators” in Davao
City, Philippines, for about a month from April 19 to May 17, 2021, in cooperation
with the Department of Science and Technology Region 11 (DOST XI). The workshop
took place as one of the activities organized by the platform on water resilience anddisasters with the aim of fostering local Facilitators by utilizing the Online Synthesis
System (OSS) developed on DIAS. The OSS for Davao City is designed to integrateknowledge and information on real-time flood forecasting and climate change
impact assessment and allow local stakeholders to learn about them throughe-learning (Figure 1).
232021 年 4 月 19 日から５月 17 日までの約 1 か月をかけて、フィリピンのダバオ市におけるファシリテータ育成のための e ラーニング・ワークショッ
プを科学技 術省 第 11 地 域 局（ダバオ地域）と共同で開催しました。eラーニング・ワークショップは、水のレジリエンスと災害に関するプラット
フォームの活動の一環として、DIAS上に開発したオンライン知の統合シ
ステム（OSS）を活用しファシリテーICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

Information Networking
タを育成することを目的としました。
ダバオ市における OSS は、リアルタ
イム洪水監視・予測と気候変動影響評価に関する知見・情報を集約し、それらを現地ステークホルダーが e
ラーニングで学習することができるシステムとして開発されました（図 1）。
e ラーニングでは、１０コマの講義
受講、オンライン試験、２つの課題提出が課され、それらの詳細については、開会セッション、概要説明セッ
ション、質疑セッション、閉会セッションにおいて解説や議論がなされました（図 2）。参加者は OSS を通して、
気候変動に関連する３コマ、洪水マ
ネジメントに関する３コマ、災害リスク軽減に関する４コマの計 10 コマの講義を各自で受講した上で、オンライン試験を受け、サイエンス・コミュ
ニケーションとワークショップの企画
に関する２つの課題を提出し、それらが一定の基準を満たすことで合格が判断されました。今回の e ラーニ
ングでは 29 名の参加者のうち全ての基準を満たした２１名が合格となり、閉会セッションで証明書が発出されました（図 3）。
一連のセッションでは、OSS の使用性や今後の現地による運用方法と持続性、関連プロジェクトとの連携、現地の知識や経験、洞察などの反映、
現地の政策立案者や災害関係機関・企業、メディア、市民コミュニティな
ど対象となる聴衆への効果的な伝達など多くのフィードバックを基に有意義な議論が交わされました。これらを踏まえて、今後とも現地との協働により OSS のさらなる改良や実践的研修を実施することを予定しています。

Figure 1 Concept of the Online Synthesis System
図 1 オンライン知の統合システムの概念図

During the e-learning, the participants were required to view 10 lectures (three on
climate change, three on flood management, and four on disaster risk reduction),take an online exam, and submit two assignments. These requirements wereexplained and discussed in detail at the opening session, introduction sessions, Q &A sessions, and closing session (Figure 2). The participants were evaluated based on
the results of the online exam and the submitted assignments on science communication and workshop planning. In the end, 21 of 29 participants met all criteria andcompleted the course with a certificate issued at the closing session (Figure 3).

図2

Figure 2 Schedule of e-learning & workshope ラーニング・ワークショップのスケジュール

We had significant discussions on various
issues based on a lot of feedback from theparticipants through a series of sessions,
including the usability and sustainability of
OSS operation by local stakeholders, cooperation with related projects, inclusion of
local knowledge, experience, and insights,
effective communication to the target audience such as policy-makers, governmental
agencies, private sectors, media, and civilcommunities. Following the discussions, theOSS for Davao City will be improved, andanother e-learning & workshop with handson training will be planned throughcollaboration with all relevant stakeholders
in Davao City.
ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

24

Figure 3 Participants in the e-learning & workshop
図 3 e ラーニング・ワークショップ参加者(Written by MIYAMOTO Mamoru)

Information Networking

ICHARM organized the Science and Technology Panel at the 5th UN Special Thematic
Sessions on Water and Disasters
第 5 回国連水と災害に関する特別テーマ会合で科学技術パネルを主催しました
2021 年 6 月 25 日、 第 5 回 国 連
The Fifth UN Special Thematic Session on Water and Disasters (STSWD5) was held
online on June 25, 2021, to raise awareness and promote actions globally regarding 水と災害に関する特 別テーマ会 合（STSWD5）がオンラインで開催されbuilding back better towards a more resilient and sustainable society in the post- ました。本会合は、水と災害の問題
COVID-19 era by addressing issues on water and disasters. The UN Special Thematic を取り上げることで、ポスト・コロナ（COVID-19）時代における、より強Sessions on Water and Disasters have been held biennially since 2013.
靭で持続可能な社会へのより良い復Prior to the plenary session of STSWD5, ICHARM organized the Science and 興に向けて地球規模で意識を高めてTechnology Panel (S&T Panel), which was jointly facilitated by ICHARM Executive 活動を促進することを目的としています。この国連水と災害に関する特Director KOIKE Toshio and Prof. Gretchen Kalonji, the dean of Sichuan University. The 別テーマ会合は 2013 年より 2 年ごと
opening remark was given by Prof. TANAKA Akihiko, the president of GRIPS, and the に開催されてきました。
STSWD5 の本会議に先立ち、科学
keynote speech was delivered by Prof. Xu Weilin, the executive vice-president of
Sichuan University. Presentations followed by panelists representing global and 技術パネル（S&T Panel）が ICHARM
によって主催され、小池俊雄センター
regional key organizations such as UNESCO, WMO, UNDRR, the National Water 長 と 四 川 大 学 の Gretchen KalonjiCommission (CONAGUA) of Mexico, and the Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention 学部長とが 共同で 進行役を務めまResearch Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM) of Malaysia. In the panel discussion, each panel- した。冒頭、政 策 研 究大学院 大学（GRIPS）の田中明彦学長が開会挨
ist presented ideas on the concrete actions and their implementation. Attracting 拶を行い、四川大学の Xu Weilin 常more than 160 viewers worldwide, the S&T Panel summarized the concrete actions: 務副学長が基調講演を行いました。
open science policy, systemic solutions, integrated and science-based actions, and そ の 後、UNESCO、WMO、UNDRR、
tripartite cooperation among science, policy and operation. The summary was メキシコ国家水委員会（CONAGUA）
及びマレーシア東南アジア防災研究
reported to STSWD5, convened soon after the S&T Panel.
イニシアティブ（SEADPRI-UKM）の
The Plenary Session of STSWD5 started with the opening remarks by Dr. Han SeungSoo, the chair of High-Level Experts and Leaders Panel on Water and Disasters(HELP), H.E. Mr. Antonio Guterres, the UN secretary-general, and H.E. Mr. Volkan
Bozkir, the president of the 75th Session of the UN General Assembly. His Majesty
the Emperor of Japan gave a keynote speech titled “Passing on the Memory ofDisasters – Toward Building Resilient and Sustainable Post-Corona Society.” In thehigh-level panel discussion, Mr. AKABA Kazuyoshi, the minister of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism of Japan, spoke about the country’s updated policies onwater-related disaster risk reduction.
The outcomes are expected to be used as input to future global milestone events,
including the mid-term review processes on the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) and the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, the UN
High-Level Political Forums, and the 4th Asia Pacific Water Summit in 2022.
(*) HELP website:
https://www.wateranddisaster.org/fifth-un-special-thematic-session-on-waterand-disasters/

代表者 5 名によって発表及びパネル
ディスカッションが行われました。そこで今後講じるべき具体的な活動とその実施方法について、それぞれア
イデアが述べられ、開かれた科学政策、システム的な解決策、科学に基づく統合的な行動、そして科学・政策・実行面での協力が提言されました。
科学技術パネルには世界から 160 名
以上が視聴し、提言内容はその後引き続いて開催された STSWD5 へ報告されました。
STSWD5 本 会 議 で は、 水 と 災 害に関するハイレベルパネル（HELP）の Han Seung-Soo 議 長、 国 連
Antonio Guterres 事 務 総 長、 第 75回国連総会 Volkan Bozkir 議長がそれぞれ開会挨拶を行い、日本からは天皇陛下が “Passing on the Memoryof Disasters – Toward Building
Resilient and Sustainable PostCorona Society” と題して基調講演を行いました。またハイレベルパネル
ディスカッションでは赤羽一嘉国土交通大臣から日本の水災害対策に関する最新の政策について報告がなされました。STSWD5 の成果は持続可能開発目標（SDGs）や仙台防災枠組
みの中間レビュー、国連ハイレベル
政治フォーラム、2022 年の第 4 回ア
ジア太平洋水サミット等、今後の地球規模での主要な行事に反映される予定です。

(*) HELP ウェブサイト：
https://www.wateranddisaster.org/
fifth-un-special-thematic-sessionon-water-and-disasters/

Participants of the Science and Technology Panel
科学技術パネル参加者(Written by IKEDA Tetsuya)
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ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

Public Relations

Public Relations

The 12th ICHARM Open Day held online, first in its history
第 12 回「ICHARM Open Day」 ～初めての Web 開催～
4 月 14 日 に 第 12 回 目 と な る「ICHARM Open Day」を初めて Web
方式で開催しました。竹園高等学校の生徒 81 人、並木中等教育学校の生徒 28 人がオンラインで参加しました。
「ICHARM Open Day」 は、 毎 年 4
月の科学技術週間の行事として、一
昨年までは両校の生徒が ICHARM を訪 問し、ICHARM で 研 修 中の 博 士・
修士課程の学生との国際交流の機会として対面方式で開催してきました。
昨年はコロナ禍で中止し、今年も土木研究所の科学技術週間一般公開は中止となりましたが、「ICHARM Open
Day」は Web 方式で開催しました。
一昨年までの対面方式では、各国紹介のポスターを前に博士・修士課程の学生 1 人が 10 人程度の生徒から質問を受けていましたが、Web 方式では学生 1 人が 100 人を超える生徒から質問を受けることで質問が出にくい
ことが予想されたことから、一昨年までよりも学生の発表時間を減らし、双方向となる質疑応答の時間を可能な限り確保しました。また、質問が出やすいように、両校の先生に事前に学生の発表資料を送付し，生徒が予習し、質問を事前に考えて参加してもらうように依頼しました。
当日は、小池センター長の基調講演「Climate Change and Floods」 に 続き、７カ国（トンガ、マレーシア、ミャ
ンマー、バングラデシュ、ブータン、
モーリシャス、エチオピア）の博士・修士過程の学生 10 人が東から西の順に、各国の地理、歴史、文化、水災害の特徴などを発表しました。７カ国のうち、トンガ、モーリシャスからの 2 名は、コロナ禍で来日できていないため、本国からのオンライン参加となりました。学生は、両校の生徒から「水道水は直接飲めるか？」「災
害復旧にかかる時間は？」「災害時の非常食は？」などの質問を英語で受けました。
一昨年までの対面方式では、生徒
は 3 か国程度のポスターを回るのが限界でしたが、今回は、７カ国の学生全員の発表を聴講することができました。また、対面方式では引率の先生のみの参加でしたが、今回は在校のまま参加できたため、両校で 9人と多くの先生が参加できました。
一方、Web 方式のため、生徒の質問の意図が学生に通じにくい場面がありました。また、特定の生徒が何回も質問する場面も見られ、質問ができた生徒の割合は、対面方式に比べて少なくなりました。
Web 方式では、対面方式におけるポスター準備・掲示の必要がなくな
りましたが、来年は、Web 方式を継続するか、対面方式を復活させるか、開催方式への両校の要望や社会状況も考慮して開催したいと考えています。

The 12th ICHARM Open Day was held on April 14, 2021. The event took place online forthe first time in its 12th history, gathering 81 students from Takezono High School and
28 from Namiki Secondary School.
The ICHARM Open Day is an annual event held every April during the Science andTechnology Week. Up to 2019, local school students visited ICHARM and enjoyed faceto-face interaction with international students studying in the master’s or doctoral
program at ICHARM. In 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, the event wascanceled. This year, although other open-house events hosted by the Public Works
Research Institute during the Science and Technology Week were canceled, ICHARM
decided to hold the yearly event online.
When the ICHARM Open Day is held in person, local students are usually divided into
small groups of around ten and have an opportunity to ask questions to a graduate
student of ICHARM in front of a poster about their country. However, this year’s OpenDay was decided to be held in a webinar-style format, in which over 100 junior high andhigh school students would be watching each speaker delivering a presentation fromICHARM. Worrying that not many students would raise a hand for questions in such asituation, the staff in charge of the event decided to allocate less time for the presentations and more time for the question-and-answer session. They also sent presentationmaterials to teachers of both schools prior to the Open Day and asked them to havetheir students look at the materials and think of questions in advance.
The Open Day began with a keynote lecture entitled“Climate Change and Floods” by Executive Director
KOIKE Toshio. Then, ten graduate students of
ICHARM from seven different countries (Tonga,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Mauritius,and Ethiopia) spoke in an east-to-west order about
their countries from various aspects, including
geography, history, culture, and water-related disasters. Among them, two master’s students attended
the event online from their home countries, Tonga Presentation by Ph.D. student from Ethiopia
ICHARM Open Day 2021 参加者
and Mauritius, because they had not been able toエチオピア博士課程学生の発表
come to Japan due to the pandemic. Junior high andhigh school students asked the speakers many questions all in English, such as “Is it safe
to drink tap water in your country?” “How long does it take to recover from a disaster?”and “What kind of emergency food would you have in the event of a disaster?”
When the Open Day was held in person, each group of local students could stop at only
a few poster presentations to talk with a graduate student of ICHARM. In a webinar-styleformat, however, all students were able to watch all presentations. Moreover, though
only a few teachers came to ICHARM to attend their students when the event took place
in a regular way, nine from the two schools together participated because they could do
so while at school.
On the other hand, there were a few times when the speakers had a hard time figuring
out what junior high or high school students wanted to know. Also, because the same
students asked questions repeatedly, other students did not have as many chances to
do so in the online event as in the regular face-to-face events.
Compared with the regular-style Open Day, the online event required less preparation;
graduate students and the staff did not have to make and put up posters for presentation, for example. Considering such advantages and disadvantages, the requests fromlocal schools about how the event should be held, and other social conditions, ICHARM
will plan the next year’s event, including whether it should be held online or in person.

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

(Written by KOBAYASHI Hajime)26

Miscellaneous

Miscellaneous

ICHARM Executive Director KOIKE Toshio received FY2020 JSCE International
Lifetime Contribution Award
小池俊雄センター長が令和 2 年度土木学会国際貢献賞を受賞しました
Evaluated on the contribution to solving scientific and social problems on global water
issues, ICHARM Executive Director KOIKE Toshio received the International Lifetime
Contribution Award at the FY2020 Japan Society of Civil Engineering (JSCE) awarding
ceremony held on June 11. He was among the five award winners.

This award is given to those who have made long-term contributions to achieving theadvancement of civil engineering and infrastructure development through international activities.
For more than 30 years, he has been contributing to the development of technologies
to observe and predict global water circulation from fundamental research to implementation of the technologies.

The award recognizes, to name a few among many, his contributions to the development of “Momo 1,” launched in 1987 as Japan’s first marine observation satellite, andthe development and dissemination of Data Integration and Analysis System (DIAS),
as well as his leadership in large-scale international joint observation and research
projects, such as the establishment of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) in 2005.

Executive Director KOIKE andthe honorable certificate
小池センター長と国際貢献賞状

世界の水に関する科学的・社会的問題解決への貢献が評価され、小池俊雄センター長に国際貢献賞が授与されました。同賞は、長年の活動の積み重ねによって、国際社会における土木工学の進歩発展あるいは社会資本整備に貢献し、その活動が高く評価された日本人に授与されます。
小池センター長は、30 年以上にわたり、グローバルな水循環変動の観測・予測技術の開発に関して、基礎研究から社会実装に至るまで国際的に貢献してきました。その例として、
1987 年に日本初の海洋観測衛星として打ち上げられた「もも 1 号」開発への貢献、データ統合・解析システム（DIAS）の開発・普及への貢献、そして 2005 年の地球観測に関する政府間会合（GEO）の立ち上げをはじめ、大型国際共同観測・研究プロジェ
クトでの主導的役割が挙げられます。
表彰は 6 月 11 日の令和 2 年度土
木学会授与式にて行われ、小池セン
ター長を含む 5 名が同賞を受賞しました。

The Fiscal Year 2020 JSCE Award Ceremony
令和 2 年度土木学会授与式の様子(Written by NAITO Kensuke)

Personnel change announcements
人事異動のお知らせ

New ICHARM Members

Two new members joined ICHARM.
They would like to say brief hello to the readers around the world.

KAWAMOTO Takatoshi / 河元隆利

JapanSenior Researcher / 主任研究員

I’m so glad to be a member of ICHARM. This is the first time for me to work in the Tsukuba area. Before coming
to ICHARM, I worked at MLIT and CAS, government organizations promoting infrastructure system development
in developing countries using Japan’s technologies and know-how. I would like to contribute to ICHARM by
making use of my experiences.

Shrestha Badri Bhakta / シェレスサ
Research Specialist / 専門研究員

バドリ

バクタ

Nepal

I joined ICHARM again in May, and I am very excited to be a team member of ICHARM. My research interests aredeveloping methods and approaches for risk assessment of water-related disasters and formulating sustainable
mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of such disasters. At ICHARM, I would like to address issues and futurechallenges in the field of water-related disasters to build a more resilient society. I look forward to collaboratingwith people around the world.

Leaving ICHARM- TOMIZAWA Yosuke: Senior Researcher
Overseas Projects Division, Policy Bureau,
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism○冨澤洋介 主任研究員
国土交通省
総合政策局 海外プロジェクト推進課

27

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

MiscellaneousAwards / 受賞リスト* April - June 2021

●E xecutive Director KOIKE Toshio received FY2020 JSCE International Lifetime Contribution Award.
 *See Miscellaneous on page 27.
●HARADA Daisuke was awarded the ‘Young Best Presentation Award’ by the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering for the presentation
at the Annual Conference 2021. Presentation Title; 多量の土砂を含む洪水氾濫流の特徴 -2019年五福谷川洪水を例に-

Publications / 発表論文リスト* April - June 2021

1. Journals, etc. / 学術雑誌（論文誌、ジャーナル）●Hemakanth Selvarajah, Toshio Koike, Mohamed Rasmy, Katsunori Tamakawa, Akio Yamamoto, Development of an Integrated Approach for theAssessment of Climate Change Impacts on the Hydro-Meteorological Characteristics of the Mahaweli River Basin, Sri Lanka, Water MDPI Open Access
Journals, Vol.13, Issue9, 1218

2. Oral Presentations (Including invited lectures) / 口頭発表（招待講演含む）●原田大輔、江頭進治、多量の土砂を含む洪水氾濫流の特徴 -2019年五福谷川洪水を例に、令和3年度（公社）砂防学会研究発表会概要集、令和3年度(公社)砂防学会研究発表会（Online）、（公社）砂防学会、2021年5月、pp.27-28、2021年5月19日～21日●柿沼太貴、沼田慎吾、望月貴文、大沼克弘、伊藤弘之、安川雅紀、根本利弘、小池俊雄、池内幸司、中小河川を対象とした洪水時におけるリアルタイム水位予測システムの開発に向けた研究、河川技術論文集、2021年度河川技術に関するシンポジウム（Online）、土木学会、pp.105-110、第27号、2021年6月10日～11日●大原 美保、藤兼 雅和、地方自治体の建設関連部局での水害対応ヒヤリ・ハット事例の分析、地域安全学会春季研究発表大会梗概集、No.48、pp.189-192、地域安全学会（Online）、2021年5月21日

3. Poster Presentations / ポスター発表●南雲直子、会田健太郎、大原美保、2020年台風Ulyssesによるフィリピンの洪水被害マッピング、日本地球惑星科学連合大会（Online）、日本地球惑星科学連合、2021年5月30日～6月6日●南雲直子、江頭進治、久保純子、セン川下流域の川幅と河床材料の粒度分布特性について、日本地球惑星科学連合大会（Online）、日本地球惑星科学連合、2021年5月30日～6月6日●会田健太郎、南雲直子、大原美保、国際共同研究プロジェクトでの広域台風災害に関する情報提供・共有における Google Earth Engine 活用事例、日本地球惑星科学連合大会（Online）、日本地球惑星科学連合、2021年5月30日～6月6日

4. Magazines, Articles / 雑誌、記事（土技資含む）●池田鉄哉、水と災害に関する世界的な目標とその達成に向けたICHARMの貢献、土木技術資料、pp.6-7、2021年5月号

5. PWRI Publications / 土研刊行物（土研資料等）
None / 該当者無し

6. Other/ その他

None / 該当者無し

Editor's Note
編集後記

日 頃 よ り ICHARM ニ ュ ー ス レ
ターをご愛読いただき、厚く御礼申し上げます。新型コロナウィル
ス感染症が世界的に拡大し始めてから、ほぼ 1 年半が経過しました。
その間も ICHARM では鋭意、水災害対策に関する活動を進め、そのいくつかは本号のニュースレター
で紹介しました。これからも予防措置 を講じつつ活動の 推進に努
め、ニュースレターで紹介していきたいと思っております。引き続き、皆様にご愛読いただき、その中から有用な情報を得ていただけ
れば大変嬉しく思います。

Firstly, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to all for reading ICHARM
newsletters. Almost one and a half years have passed since COVID-19 started
spreading worldwide. Meanwhile, ICHARM is promoting activities on water-related
disaster risk reduction eagerly, as some of them are reported in this newsletter. We
will continue to develop the activities while taking precautions and report theirprogress in the coming editions of newsletters. It will be of our great pleasure if
you can enjoy our newsletters and get some useful information from them.
ICHARM Newsletter Editorial Committee
IKEDA Tetsuya

メーリングリストへ登録ご希望の方は、下記 ICHARM ホームページの登録フォームか QR コードからご登録ください。
To subscribe the ICHARM Newsletter, please access the following site or the QR cord;
http://www.icharm.pwri.go.jp/mailmag/index.html
また、今後の配信を希望されない方やメールアドレスが変更になった方は
下記アドレスまでご一報ください。ご意見・ご感想もお待ちしています。
For those who want to unsubscribe the Newsletter, please contact us:icharm@pwri.go.jp
We welcome your comments and suggestions.

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 2・July 2021

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