Safety guideline for the projectors with laser device as light source

JBMIA-TR-27 :2014（2019

re-affirmation）

Disclaimer
This is a translation of the authoritative text which JBMIA published here
http://hyojunka.jbmia.or.jp/hyojun2/upload-v3.2/archive/TR-27.pdf
This translated document is provided for convenience only;
any references to JBMIA on this Standard must be based on the Japaneseversion.

Established August, 2014

Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association
Data Projector GroupNew Light Projector Working GroupJBMIA-TR-27:2014

Members of Data Projector Group(Chief of the Group)

Kiyohide Takagi

NEC Display Solutions, Ltd. (until May 2012)

Minoru Kato

Hitachi Maxell, Ltd.（June 2012 - May 2014）

Yoshihiro Masumoto

Panasonic Corporation (from June 2014)(Sub-chief of the Group) Satoshi Hirashima(Member)

Yoshihisa Kudo

NEC Display Solutions., Ltd.

Akinori Kaneko

Micro Solution Co., Ltd.

Kazuyasu Fukano

Casio Computer Co., Ltd.

Tatsuo Yashiro

Canon Inc.
Sharp Corporation
Sony Corporation
Sony Corporation
Ricoh Company., Ltd
Japan Business Machine and Information System
Industries Association

Yasuhito Sato
Mikiyasu Wakai
Satoshi Ohno
Hiroki Shimizu(Secretariat)

Seiko Epson Corporation

Masashi Shinohara

Members of New Light Projector Working Group(Chief of the WG)(Sub-chief of the WG)(Member)(Secretariat)

Motoyasu Utsunomiya NEC Display Solutions, Ltd. (until June 2012)
Tsuneharu Nomura

Sony Corporation (from July 2012)

Yoshimasa Fushimi

Panasonic Corporation

Hiroshi Onodera

Seiko Epson Corporation (until May 2014)

Hiroshi Sato

Canon Inc.

Seiji Tsuchikawa

Sharp Corporation

Masayuki Fukui

Hitachi Maxell, Ltd.

Kazuhiro Fujita

Ricoh Company., Ltd. (until March 2014)

Takahiro Kado
Hiroki Masuda
Masahiko Nishihara
Kazuhiro Okabe

Ricoh Company., Ltd. (from April 2014)
Casio Computer Co., LTD.
NEC Display Solutions, Ltd.
Seiko Epson Corporation (from June 2014)
Japan Business Machine and Information System
Industries Association

Masashi Shinohara

Standard No.: JBMIA-TR-27(E)Established:
7 th August, 2014
Established or Revised by: -Edited by:
JBMS promotion sub-committee, Standardization centre, Japan Business Machine andInformation System Industries Associationii

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

Contents

Page

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
1

Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1

2

Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 2

3

Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................... 2

4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3

Interpretations of the projection light from a projector ..................................................................... 5
In the case of projection of diffused light from laser device as light source.................................. 5
Biomedical safety .................................................................................................................................. 5
Interpretation concerning standards................................................................................................... 6
In the case of projection with light source of excitation luminescence by the laser ..................... 7
Biomedical safety .................................................................................................................................. 7
Interpretation of the standards ............................................................................................................ 7
Assessment responsibility for projection light from projector ........................................................ 7

5

Classification of laser products ........................................................................................................... 7

6
6-1
6.2

Measures to prevent damages due to laser light ............................................................................... 9
Manufacture’s requirements ................................................................................................................ 9
Measures standards by class for the laser equipment ................................................................... 12

7
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.2

Safety guideline for sales ................................................................................................................... 19
Requirements for labelling and announcement ............................................................................... 19
Labelling on the projector .................................................................................................................. 19
Items to be indicated on the outer packaging box........................................................................... 21
Items to be indicated in the operation manual ................................................................................. 21
Announcement in sales ...................................................................................................................... 21

8
8.1
8.1.1
8.1.2
8.2
8.2.1
8.3
8.3.1
8.4
8.4.1

Safety guideline in normal use........................................................................................................... 22
Requirements for accident avoidance of Intrabeam viewing ......................................................... 22
Requirements for projector ................................................................................................................ 22
Requirements for operation manual.................................................................................................. 22
Requirements for accident avoidance of intrabeam viewing using optical equipment ............... 22
Requirements for operation manual.................................................................................................. 23
Accident avoidance in the case of usually unforeseeable actions ................................................ 23
Requirements for operation manual.................................................................................................. 23
Notes / Consideration / Regard / Attention in the case of remote operation and use of aremote control ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Requirements for operation manual.................................................................................................. 23

9
9.1
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.3
9.4
9.5

Safety guideline in disassembly ........................................................................................................ 23
Requirements for the housing cover ................................................................................................. 23
Requirements for the light source cover .......................................................................................... 23
In the case where users are not permitted to replace the light source unit.................................. 23
In the case where users are permitted to replace the light source unit ........................................ 24
Requirements for the light source unit ............................................................................................. 24
Requirements in the case of breakage.............................................................................................. 24
Requirements for user’s information ................................................................................................ 24

10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4

Safety guideline in the case of failure ............................................................................................... 24
Scope of the reasonably foreseeable failure .................................................................................... 24
Emission light from the projection lens ............................................................................................ 25
Leaked light .......................................................................................................................................... 25
Alert for users ...................................................................................................................................... 26

11
11.1
11.1.111.1.2
11.2

Others ................................................................................................................................................... 26
Requirements in manufacturing ........................................................................................................ 26
Requirements in the case of design .................................................................................................. 26
Requirements in the case of assembly operation ........................................................................... 26
Requirements for servicing information ........................................................................................... 27

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JBMIA-TR-27:2014

11.3
11.4

Requirements in the case of disposal ...............................................................................................28
Requirements concerning optional lens ...........................................................................................28

Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................29
Acknowledgment ..............................................................................................................................................30

iv

Safety guideline for the projectors with laser device
as light source
Introduction
This guideline specifies the requirements explicit for safe use of the projectors with laser device as lightsource.

1

ScopeThis guideline is applicable to the projectors which use laser device as the light source and the fixed resolution
light valves such as LCD (Liquid-Crystal Display) and DMD (Digital Micromirror Device) out of the front
projection type projectors, which expand in the images in computers, and sets the requirements for safe useof such devices. This guideline is not applicable to the type of projectors which project images onto a screenby scanning laser light on the screen. Furthermore, this guideline is not applicable to the projectors used as
toys for children. As for the interepretation of projection light from a projector, there are several interpretationsin terms of laser safety standards; industry organizations and safety certification bodies are now working on it,
accordingly, standards are not yet clearly described. For this reason, there are two opinions; one opinion isthat projection light is to be seen as a natural light such as general lighting and it is not subject to the safety
standard of laser products, and another opinion is that the projection light is to be seen as a laser light and it issubject to the safety standards of laser products. Therefore, this guideline does not provide explicit rules
concerning the projection light; based on the view that a laser device is used as light source, general
requirements are to be set considering such projector as laser products.
The object of this guideline is to make clear the minimum requirements for the laser products classified bymanufacturers according to JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1) so as to be able to secure the safety under all
conditions of sales, operation, maintenance, service and failure. These requirements are shown in Clauses 7
to 11.
・Clause 7 : Safety guideline for sales
・Clause 8 : Safety guideline in normal use
・Clause 9 : Safety guideline in disassembly・Clause 10 : Safety guideline in the case of failure
・Clause 11 : Others
As to the items regulated by other IEC product safety standards [Example: IT equipment JIS C 6950-1 (IEC60950-1), audio and video equipment JIS C 6065 (IEC 60065), and IEC 62368-1], this guideline comply withthese standards.
The MPE (maximum permissible exposure) values were developed for laser radiation and do not apply tocollateral radiation. However, if a concern exists that accessible collateral radiation might be hazardous, thelaser MPE values may be applied to conservatively evaluate this potential hazard.
NOTE MPE (maximum permissible exposure) is defined as “level of laser radiation to which, under normal
circumstances, persons may be exposed without suffering adverse effects”. [JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]
In addition, it is the responsibility of the manufacturer to provide correct classification of a laser product, it is tocomply with the domestic regulations of each country (Example: Consumer Products Safety Act, Electrical
Appliances and Material Safety Act, etc.).

1

JBMIA-TR-27:20142

Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
JIS C 6065, Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus
NOTE
Correspondent international standard: IEC 60065, Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus - Safety
requirements (MOD)JIS C 6802:2011, Safety of laser products
NOTE
Correspondent international standard: IEC 60825-1:2007, Safety of laser products – Part1: Equipmentclassification and requirements (IDT)JIS C 7550, Photobiological safety of Lamp and Lamp system
NOTE

Correspondent international standard: IEC 62471, Photobiologocal safety of lamps and lamp systems (MOD)JIS C 6950-1, Information technology equipment -Safety- Part 1: General requirements
NOTE
Correspondent international standard: IEC 60950-1, Information technology equipment – Safet – Part 1: General
requirements (MOD)JIS X 6911, Information to be included in specification sheets - Data projector
ISO/IEC 21118, Information technology - Office equipment - Information to be included in specification sheets- Data projectors
IEC 61947-1, Electronic projection - Measurement and documentation of key performance criteria - Part 1:
Fixed resolution projectors
IEC 62368-1, Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment –Part 1:Safety requirements
Prevention measures plan concerning damages due to the laser beam (Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry:
Notification No.39 exhibit) [3]Prevention measures concerning damages due to the laser beam (Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry:
Notification No.0325002) [4]3

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), JIS X 6911,
ISO/IEC 21118 and the following apply.
3.1
protective housing
component (usually attached by manufacturers) of laser products (including built-in laser products) which isdesigned so as to protect the laser emission exposure which exceeds regulated AEL (see 3.1.12) to thehuman body
it is a collective term for a housing cover, light source cover, and optical engine cover (see Figure 1)
3.2
housing coverprotective housing which composes the utmost outer cover or case (see Figure 1)

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JBMIA-TR-27:2014

3.3
light source coverpart of the housing cover which is opened or closed when attaching or removing of the light source unit isintended, or access to the light source unit is intended (see Figure 1)
3.4
light source unit
light source which is to be incorporated in the system as the source of the projection light of the projector, orassembly part composed of the light source and its holding components (see Figure 1)
Housing cover
きょう体カバーLight光源カバー
source coverLight光源ユニット
source unit.

Figure 1 − Protective housing and light source unit of a projector
3.5
optical engine
assembly parts which composes the light source unit and the optical path where the emitted light from the lightsource is illuminated to the light valve and projected from the projection lens
3.6
optical engine coverprotective housing which composes a part of the optical engine (see Figure 2)
3.7
security seal
seal which is once peeled off, it cannot be stuck again, so that the peeled evidence can be found
It includes the “tamper-proof seal” where once peeled letters appear, “fragile seal” where the seal tears when
one tries to peel it.
3.8
special screw
screw which can be unscrewed by the tool which is not regularly stocked in usual home so as to prevent being
unscrewed by users
3.9
main light beamlight beam which emits to the outgoing direction of the optical path of the optical engine (see Figure 2)

3

JBMIA-TR-27:2014
投写光
Projection
light

Projection
投写光light

Leaked
漏れ光light
Leaked
light
漏れ光

漏れ光
Leakedlight

光源ユニットLight source unit
主たる光線
Main light

Optical engine cover
光学エンジンカバー

Figure 2 − Main light and leaked light, and optical engine cover
3.10
access sensor
interlock which immediately stops laser oscillation when either cover of the protective housing is opened
3.11
collateral radiation
any electromagnetic radiation, within the wavelength range between 180 nm and 1 mm, except laser radiation,
emitted by a laser product as a result of, or physically necessary for, the operation of a laser[JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]
3.12
accessible emission limit
AEL
the maximum accessible emission permitted within a particular class[JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]
3.13
spatial coherence
amount to indicate the degree of light wave coherency at different points, which is expressed by the degree ofcorrelation at different points of the same spot
[JIS Z 8120]
NOTE It is a scale to measure uniformity of light wave front. Because laser light has high spatial coherence, it is able to
make almost complete plane wave and spherical wave. For this reason, laser light is able to propagate long distancewithout diffusion, and is able to converge on a very small spot as well. Put simply, it means “characteristic features thatbeam go straight without diffusion”.

3.14
temporal coherence
amount to indicate the degree of light wave coherency at different time points, which is expressed by the
degree of correlation at different time points of the same spot
[JIS Z 8120]
NOTE It is a scale to represent how far the periodicity of the optical electric-field is kept. Because laser light has hightemporal coherence, even though in the case where large optical path difference is given, a clear interference pattern canbe obtained. The maximum optical path difference to form an interference pattern is called as “coherence length”; higher
the temporal coherence, larger the coherence length. Put simply, it means “narrow spectrum or highly monochromaticcharacteristics”.

4

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

3.15
access panelpart of the protective housing or enclosure which provides access to laser radiation when removed ordisplaced[JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]
3.16
safety interlock
automatic device associated with each portion of the protective housing of a laser product to prevent humanaccess to Class 3R, Class 3B or Class 4 laser radiation when that portion of the housing is removed, opened
or displaced[JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]
3.17
remote interlock connector
connector which permits the connection of external controls placed apart from other components of the laser
product[JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]
3.18
anaerobic adhesiveadhesive that cures in the absence of oxygen, curing being inhibited by the presence of oxygen and catalysedby metallic ions
[JIS K 6900 (ISO 472)]
3.19
single fault condition
any single fault that might occur in a product and the direct consequences of that fault[JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]

4Interpretations of the projection light from a projector

4.1

In the case of projection of diffused light from laser device as light source

In the case of the front projector which uses laser device as light source and diffuses the beam and forms it
into rectangular beam with uniform intensity and illuminates light valve (liquid crystal panel, DMD) with it, andthen projects the expanded image onto the screen through the projection lens, how to deal with its projection
light is shown next.
4.1.1

Biomedical safety

In the case of general laser pointer, both of the temporal coherence and spatial coherence are kept;
accordingly, when laser light (parallel light) emitted from there is collected with lens, as shown in Figure 3 (a),all emitted light energy is collected on to micro area of the wave length, and very high energy density is kept at
the focal point. For this reason, when laser light (parallel light) goes into human eye, its retina may bedamaged by the collected light.
On the other hand, in the case of the front projector that illuminates light valve with diffused laser light andprojects it onto the screen, temporal coherence, in some cases, may be kept while spatial coherence is lost;
accordingly, in the case where the projection light (diffused light) emitted from there is collected through thelens, as shown in the Figure 3 (b), only a part of emitted light energy is collected on to finite area of uniform
illumination intensity, so that the energy density at the focal point is not so large. For this reason, even in thecase where the projection light (diffused light) goes into the human eye, the risk to damage the retina by the5

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

collected light is considered to be low.
That is to say, light collection ability through the light projection lens of the projector with laser device as lightsource is almost same the light collection ability through the light projection lens of the projector with naturallight (incoherent light) such as a lamp and LED.
NOTE
In the case of the highly monochromatic light, that is, the light spectrum of very narrow band width (equal totemporal coherent light), there are opinion that the threshold level of damage is different from that of other natural light(incoherent light); however, at present, it is not clearly specified that what kind of impact it has on the human body when
the light spectrum of very narrow band width becomes in specific.

Accordingly, in the case of the projection light of the front projector that illuminates light valve with diffusedlaser light and projects it onto the screen, it is not particularly hazardous because it uses laser device as lightsource; in terms of biomedical, it is considered that it can be handled like other light sources (lamp, LED).
However, regardless of types of light (sunlight, lamp light, LED light, laser light), when one continues to stareat strong light, it is likely to damage one’s eyes; so equally cautions are necessary.

a)b)Figure 3 − Light-collection difference between a laser pointer and projector with laser
device as light source
4.1.2

Interpretation concerning standards

In the case of the front projector that illuminates light valve with diffused laser light and projects it onto thescreen, there are several interpretations concerning handling of the laser safety standards (JIS C 6802 (IEC60825-1) for the projection light; consequently, industry organizations and safety certification bodies are now
working on it.
At present, as to the projection light of the projector that illuminates light valve with diffused laser light andprojects it onto the screen, according to one interpretation, it is treated as a natural light (incoherent light)
same as general lighting and it is not subject to the class determination; while according to anotherinterpretation, it is treated as a laser light and it is subject to the class determination, thus two camps havedifferent judgments. The former interpretation treats such a projector as a Class 1 laser product. The latterinterpretation treats such a projector as a laser product of specified Class corresponding to the strength of
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JBMIA-TR-27:2014

projection light.
NOTE
In either case, it is prerequisite for the interpretation that there is no laser light leak which exceeds Class 1 fromthe place other than the projection lens.

In addition, in one case, the “coherent light” generated by the stimulated emission is seen and treated as laser
light; while in another case, all light generated by the stimulated emission is seen and treated as laser light. In
this case as well, as to the definition of the “coherent” light, one interpretation treats it as coherent light as longas either spatial coherence or temporal coherence remains; while, another interpretation treats it asincoherent light when either spatial coherence or temporal coherence is lost.

4.2

In the case of projection with light source of excitation luminescence by the laser

In the case of projection with light source of excitation luminescence by the laser and forms it into rectangularbeam with uniform intensity and illuminates light valve (liquid crystal panel, DMD) with it, and then projects
expanded image onto the screen through the projection lens, how to treat the projection light is shown below.
4.2.1

Biomedical safety

In the case of luminescence (collateral radiation) excited by laser light, because both the spatial coherence
and temporal coherence are lost, generally it is considered as a natural light (incoherent light). For this reason,
when projection light goes into eye, it is considered that the risk to damage the retina by collected lightthrough the lens is low as those of other light sources (lamp light, LED light).
However, regardless of types of light (sunlight, lamp light, LED light, luminescence), when one continues tostare at strong light, it is likely to damage one’s eyes; so equally cautions are necessary.
4.2.2

Interpretation of the standards

In the case of the front projector which projects onto a screen by irradiating luminescence (collateral radiation)
excited by laser light to the light valve, there is no clear reference standard as to how to deal with such a
projection light in terms of standards.
Therefore, one interpretation sees luminescence excited by the laser as a natural light (incoherent light) andapplies the safety standards [JIS C 7550 (IEC 62471)] for lamp light and LED light, while anotherinterpretation applies laser safety standards [JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)] to it, although this camp over stresses
the safety side.

4.3

Assessment responsibility for projection light from projector

As to the interpretation of the projection light in the case of projecting diffused laser light onto the screen andin the case of projecting excited luminescence by the laser, they are explained in 4.1 and 4.2.
Accordingly, at present, handling determination of these projections light is left to manufacturers or its agents.
[see subclause 8.2 of JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1)]

5Classification of laser products

Laser products are classified corresponding to the degree of hazard; they are classified into 7 general classes
ranging from Class 1 which is safe laser to the most hazardous Class 4. Classification of projectors is carriedout by manufacturers or its agents according to the clauses 8 and section 9 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1).
NOTE Quoted from section 8.2 of the part 1 of in the “Laser safety guidebook 4th edition”[2]7

JBMIA-TR-27:2014a) Class 1
Laser products that are safe during use, including long-term direct intrabeam viewing, even when exposure
occurs while using optical viewing instruments (eye loupes or binoculars). Class 1 also includes high power
lasers that are fully enclosed so that no potentially hazardous radiation is accessible during use (embedded
laser product). Intrabeam viewing of Class 1 laser products which emit visible radiant energy may still produce
dazzling visual effects, particularly in low ambient light.
NOTE Even though a high power laser is built into a product, if it is structurally designed so as to be unable to exposure
its laser light, it is classified into Class 1.

b) Class 1M
Laser products that are safe, including long-term direct intrabeam viewing for the naked eye (unaided eye).
The MPE can be exceeded and eye injury may occur following exposure with one of the two categories of
optical viewing instruments (eye loupes or binoculars).
The wavelength region for Class 1M lasers is restricted to the spectral region where most glass opticalmaterials used in optical instruments can significantly transmit, i.e., between 302,5 nm and 4 000 nm.
Intrabeam viewing of Class 1M laser products which emit visible radiant energy may still produce dazzling
visual effects, particularly in low ambient light.
NOTE This is a class in that “it is safe for the naked eye.” Exposure (watching) condition is that the watching by the naked
eye at the distance of 100mm from the light source. Accordingly, in this class observation with lens system may damageeye.

c) Class 2
Laser products that emit visible radiation in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 700 nm that are safe formomentary exposures but can be hazardous for deliberate staring into the beam. The time base of 0.25 s isinherent in the definition of the class and presumption is that there is very low risk of injury for momentary
exposures that are somewhat longer.
The following factors contribute to precluding injury under reasonably foreseeable conditions;・unintentional exposures would rarely reflect worst-case conditions, for example, of beam alignment with thepupil for a stabilized head, worst case accommodation;・the inherent safety margin in the MPE upon which the AEL is based;・natural aversion behaviour for exposure to bright light.
NOTE The upper power limit is 1 mW (in the case where light source visual angle is less than 1.5 mrad), where the risk isavoided by the feeling of repulsion reaction (≦0.25 second). The range of visible light defined here is narrower than theactual visible range; it is confined the wavelength range from 400 nm to 700 nm where the feeling of repulsion reaction
occurs at 1 mW.

d) Class 2M
Laser products that emit visible laser beams and are safe for short time exposure only for the naked (unaidedeye). Eye injury may occur following exposure with one of the two categories of optical viewing instruments(eye loupes or binoculars).
NOTE It is class like class 1M in that it is safe for the naked eye. Accordingly, the observation with the optical system maydamage eye.

8

JBMIA-TR-27:2014e) Class 3R
Laser products that emit radiation can exceed the MPE under direct intrabeam viewing. But the risk of injury inmost cases is relatively low. Because of the lower risk, fewer manufacturing requirements and control
measures for the user apply than for Class 3B.
NOTE The AEL of Class 3R (for non-visible laser beams) is 5 times the AEL of Class 1. And the AEL of Class 3R (forvisible laser beams) is 5 times the AEL of Class 2.

f) Class 3B
Laser products that are normally hazardous when intrabeam ocular exposure occurs (i.e. within the NOHD)
including accidental short time exposure. Viewing diffuse reflections is normally safe. Class 3B lasers whichapproach the AEL for Class 3B may produce minor skin injuries or even pose a risk of igniting flammablematerials. However, this is only likely if the beam has a small diameter or is focused.
NOTE Fitting of key or interlock is required for this class and upper class; in-use alarm notice, etc., are required.

g) Class 4
Lasers products for which intrabeam viewing and skin exposure is hazardous and for which the viewing ofdiffuse reflections may be hazardous. These lasers also often represent a fire hazard.
NOTE It is necessary to take a measure to block the laser light emitted. Naturally, fitting of key or interlock is required; inuse alarm notice, etc., are required.

6

Measures to prevent damages due to laser light

6-1

Manufacture’s requirements

JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1) concerning laser products safety is to require manufacturers to take measureslisted in Table 1 in order to prevent damages due to laser light.
Table 1 − Summary of manufacture’s requirements (1 of 3)
Requirement
subclass

Classification
Class 1

Class 1M

Class 2

Class 2M

Class 3R

Description of
hazard class

Safe underreasonably
foreseeableconditions

As forClass 1
exceptmay behazardous
if user
employs
opticsLow
power;
eye
protection
normally
affordedbyaversion
responses

As forClass 2
exceptmay bemore
hazardous
if user
employs
opticsProtective
housing

Required
for a built-in
laser
product

Required for each laser product; limits access necessary for performance offunctions of the products

Directintra-beamviewing
may behazardousClass 3B

Class 4

Directintra-beamviewing
normally
hazardousHighpower;
diffusereflections
may behazardous

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JBMIA-TR-27:2014

Table 1 − Summary of manufacture’s requirements (2 of 3)
Requirement
subclass

Safetyinterlock inprotective
housing

Classification
Class 1

Class 1M

Class 2

Shall be designed to prevent removal of the panel
until accessible emission values are below that forClass 3R

RemoteInterlock

Not required

ManualReset

Not required

Key control

Not required

Emission
warningdeviceNot required

Attenuator

Not required

Locationcontrols

Not required

Class 3R

Class 3B

Class 4

Shall be designed to prevent removalof the panel until accessible emission
values are below that for Class 3B or
3R for some products
Permits easy addition of
external interlock inlaser installation
Requiresmanualreset if
powerinterrupted
or remoteinterlock is
actuated

Laser inoperative when
key is removed
Gives audible or visible warning whenlaser is switched on or if capacitor
bank of pulsed laser is being
charged. For Class 3R, only applies if
invisible radiation is emitted

Gives means totemporarily block beamControls so located that there is nodanger of exposure to AEL above
Classes 1 or 2 when adjustments aremadeViewing
optics

Not required

Emission from all viewing systems must be below Class 1M AELClass label

Required wording

Figure 1 and Figure 2 and required wording in the IEC60825-1

Aperturelabel
Service
access label

10

Class 2M

Not requiredNot
requiredSpecified wording required

Required as appropriate to the class of accessible radiationJBMIA-TR-27:2014

Table 1 − Summary of manufacture’s requirements (3 of 3)
Requirement
subclass

Classification
Class 1

Class 1M

Class 2

Class 2M

Class 3R

Class 3B

Class 4

Overrideinterlock label

Required under certain conditions as appropriate to the class of laser used

Wavelength
range label

Required for certain wavelength ranges

User
information

Operation manuals must contain instructions for safe use. Additional requirements apply forClass 1M and Class 2M

Purchasing
and service
information

Promotion brochures must specify product classification; servicing manuals must containsafety information

Note 1 The related part is extracted from table F.2 of the annex F in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1).
Note 2 As to details of each item, see clause 4 “Engineering specifications” in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1).

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6.2

Measures standards by class for the laser equipment

Meanwhile, in Japan, “Prevention measures plan concerning laser hazard” (Notification No. 39/Notification No.
0325002 (revision) was prepared by the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry in order to prevent damage fromworkers who engage in business to handle laser equipment.
Tables 2 to 4 are the summary of the measures by laser equipment class required for business operators
according to above plan. Business operators are required to take measures based on “List of measures
standards by laser equipment class”. These are applied in order to secure workers’ safety, who engage in the
projector manufacturing and its service
NOTE 1 Business operators operate business and employ workers (From Article 2 in the Industrial Safety and Health
Act).
NOTE 2 “Measures standards by laser equipment class” is based on the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry’s Notification
No.0325002 (March 25, 2005) “Damage prevention measures due to the laser beam” and its exhibit “The outline of thedamage prevention measures due to the laser beam”; here the laser products of class 1 and class 2 are not included in
the scope of application.
NOTE 3 In the case of revision of the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry’s “The outline of the damage prevention
measures due to the laser beam” which is the source of quotation, the latest ruling is applicable.

Table 2 − List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 1) (1 of 3)
Laser equipment class
Item

Appointment of the person in charge oflaser equipment

1

1M

2

2M

3R a
VisibleInvisible

○

3B

○

4

○

Description of measures
The person in charge of the laser
equipment shall be appointed fromthose who have enoughknowledge and experiences
concerning handling of laser
equipment and prevention ofdamage due to the laser light.

Laser controlled area shall be
partitioned from other areas byfence, etc., and shall be clearlyspecified by signs, etc.

Controlled area (sign, off-limits)○○

Only authorized persons areallowed to enter the laser
controlled area, and measures
such as auto-lock, etc., shall betaken at the entrance as needed.
Persons other than authorized
persons need to enter the laser
control area; they shall be act
under supervision of the person in
charge of the laser equipment.

12

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

Table 2 − List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 1) (2 of 3)
Laser equipment class
Item

Position of
the laser
light path

1

1M

2

2M

○

3R a
Visible○Invisible

○

3B

○

4

○

Description of measures

The laser light path shall be set
avoiding the eye level of workers.

The laser light path shall wherever
possible have minimum distanceand kinks, and shall not cross the
walkway and other pathways, andshall be shielded.

Laser lightpath

Appropriate
design andshielding of
the light
path

○

○

○

a) Around the place to install thelaser equipment, the fence toshield the laser beam shall be
set up.
b) The fence shall be opaque,absorbable, and non-flammableagainst laser light.
c) Inside of the fence shall beassigned as a controlled area.

Laser
equipment

Appropriate
terminal○b○

Key control○

Emergency
stop switch

Emergencystopswitch, etc.

Alarm
equipment

Shutter

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

The terminal of the laser light pathshall be diffuse reflective material
or diffuse absorption materials.
Laser equipment structure shall be
designed as to be operated by akey, etc.
The emergency stop switch which
is able to immediately stop thelaser light emission shall be
installed on control panel andother necessary places.
Alarm equipment such as
automatic indicator light which isable to indicate the laser light isunder emission or ready to emit
shall be installed.
At the emission hole of the laser
light of the laser equipment, ashutter shall be installed in orderto prevent unintentional emissionof the laser light.

13

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

Table 2 − List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 1) (3 of 3)
Laser equipment class
Item

1

1M

2

2M

3R a
VisibleInvisible

Interlock system, etc.

Indication of emission
hole
NOTE

○

○

3B

4

○

○

○

○

Description of measures

In the case of opening of the fenceof the laser control area, or in thecase of release of shielding of thelaser light path, measures such as
interlock functions shall be taken
to prevent laser light emission.

At the emission hole,indication shall be placed.

such

The symbol “circle (○) ” means actions are required.

aVisible light is the light of 400nm through 700nm wavelength, and invisible light is the light of wavelength other than suchwavelength.

b

As for the laser equipment listed in subclause JA.1.6 of the annex JA in JIS C 6802:2011, the laser light terminal treatment isrequired.

14

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

Table 3 − List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 2) (1 of 3)
Laser equipment class
Item

1

1M

2

2M

3R a
VisibleInvisible

3B

Work management/Health management

Operating position

Measures while adjustmentof the optical systems

Protective
eyeglasses
Working
clothes withless skin
exposure

4

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

Protective
equipment
Use of flame
resistancematerials○

Description of measures
Operation of laser equipment shallbe carried out at the position as far
as possible from the laser light.

When adjustment of the opticalsystem is carried out by the laser
light, the adjustment shall be
carried out with the minimum power
output of the laser light

Effective eyeglasses shall be wornby workers depending on the classof laser. However, in the casemeasures to prevent damage fromeye are taken, it is not applicable.
(Note: protective eye glasses forlaser shall be used.)
Working clothes with less skin
exposure and of nonflammablematerials shall be worn by workers.
In particular, chemical fiber clothes
which become a ball when melted
is undesirable.

15

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

Table 3 − List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 2) (2 of 3)
Laser equipment class
Item

1

1M

2

2M

3R a
VisibleInvisible

3B

Description of measures

4

Before starting work, let the person
in charge of the laser equipment
check the laser light path, interlock
functions, etc., and the protective
equipment.
Within the specified period, let theperson who has expertise in thelaser equipment check the laser
equipment
focusingonthefollowing items and fix it.
a)

b)

c)
Checkout / Maintenance

○

○

○

○

○

d)

e)

f)

16

Presence or absence ofabnormality of the output of thelaserlight,
mode,
beam
diameter,spreadangle,
oscillating wavelength.
Presence or absence ofabnormality of the input power,
exciting
voltage,current,
insulation, grounding, etc.
Presence or absence ofabnormality of the actuation of
the safety equipment, automatic
indicator lamp, shutter, interlock
functions, etc.
Presence or absence ofabnormality of the power meter,
power monitor, etc.
Presence or absence ofabnormality of the movableparts of the fan, shutter, etc.
Presence or absence ofabnormality of the coolingequipment,
gas
supplyequipment, hazardous gas
removalequipment,
dust
removable equipment, etc.

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

Table 3 − List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 2) (3 of 3)
Laser equipment class
Item

1

1M

2

2M

3R a
VisibleInvisible

3B

4

Description of measures

In the case where workers who
engage in the laser work are newly
employed, or change of theworkers’ work and let them engage
in such work, or in the case ofchange of laser equipment in use,
the education according to Section
1 or Section 2 in Article 59 in the
Industrial Safety and Health Act
shall be carried out. In this case,particularly keep in mind thefollowing items are to be included.

Safety and health education

○

○

○

○

○

[Contents of the safety and healtheducation]a) Behaviour, risk andhazardousness of the laserb) The principle and structure of thelaser equipmentc) Handling methods of the laser
equipmentd) Functions and handling methodsof the safety equipment andprotective equipmente) Actions and evacuation in caseof emergency

Healthmanagement

Anterior eye
check(cornea,crystalline
lens)Fundusexamination

NOTE

○

○

○

○

As to workers who usually engage
in the laser work, in the case where
they are newly employed or changeof the job, in addition to eyesightcheck, anterior eye (cornea,
crystalline lens) examination andfundus examination shall be carriedout.

The symbol “○” means actions are required.

aVisible light is the light of 400nm through 700nm wavelength range, and invisible light is the light of wavelength other than suchwavelength range.

17

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

Table 4 − List of measures standards by laser equipment class (Part 3)
Laser equipment class
1

Item

2

3R a

1M
2M

VisibleThe person in
charge of thelaser equipment

NoticeRisk
Hazardousness
Items to handle
with care○○

Invisible

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

4

○

Notice of thelaser equipment
installation

Notice of the high-voltage
part of the laser equipment

3B

○

○

○

○

Others
No carry-in hazardous
materials○

Measures for poisonous gas,dust, etc.

Doctor’s diagnosis andtreatment for persons who
suspected to have healthdamage due to the laser
beam.
NOTE
a

○

○

○

○

○

Description of measures
The following items shall be
noticed at the easy-to-see
place such as the entrance ofthe laser controlled area.
a) Name of the person in
charge of the laser
equipmentb) Risk, hazardousness of thelaser light, and precautionsin handling the laser
equipmentc) Notice of the laser
equipment installation
At the high-voltage parts of thelaser equipment, such shall be
noticed, and measures toprevent electric shock bytouching such parts shall betaken as well.

○

Explosive materials,
flammable materials, etc., shallnot be carried in the laser
controlled area.

○

In the case of laser operation,
when poisonous gas, dust,
etc., are generated, in order toprevent the health damages
due to such materials,
measures such as seal-up
facilities, local ventilationequipment, gas mask, anddust mask which areprescribed by the Industrial
Safety and Health Act shall betaken.

○

Let get doctor’s diagnosis ortreatment for persons who
suspected to have damage
due to the laser beam as soon
as possible.

The symbol “○” means actions are required.

Visible light is the light of 400nm through 700nm wavelength range, and invisible light is the light of wavelength other than suchwavelength range.

18

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

7

Safety guideline for sales

7.1

Requirements for labelling and announcement

7.1.1

Labelling on the projector

Labeling on the projector shall comply with the directions for labels shown in clause 5 in JIS C 6802 (IEC60825-1). Durable labels shall be stuck, or they can be directly printed or die stamped on the projector.
a) Alarm label
The symbol, outline, color, and size of the alarm label shall comply with Figure 1 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1).
These dimensions are recommended values. As long as they are proportional to the values, the symbol andborder may be of any legible size as required to suit the size of the projector.
b) Explanatory label
The symbol, outline, color, and size of the explanatory label shall comply with Figure 2 in JIS C 6802 (IEC60825-1). These dimensions are recommended values. The label may be of any size necessary to contain therequired lettering and border.
c) Aperture label
Each Class 3R, Class 3B and Class 4 laser product shall have affixed a label close to each aperture throughwhich laser radiation in excess of the AEL for Class 1 or Class 2 is emitted. The label(s) shall bear the words
listed in Table 5 with arbitrary legible character size.
Table 5 − Requirement for labeling and the words (1 of 2)
Product
class

Alarm label

Explanatory label
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT a

Class 1
Unnecessary
Class 1M

Class 2
Necessary

LASER RADIATIONDO NOT VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
CLASS 1M LASER PRODUCT a
LASER RADIATIONDO NOT STARE INTO BEAM
CLASS 2 LASER PRODUCTClass 2M

LASER RADIATIONDO NOT STARE INTO THE BEAM OR VIEW
DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
CLASS 2M LASER PRODUCTClass 3R

LASER RADIATIONAVOID DIRECT EYE EXPOSURE
CLASS 3R LASER PRODUCTClass 3B

Aperture label

LASER RADIATIONAVOID EXPOSURE TO BEAM
CLASS 3B LASER PRODUCT

Unnecessary

LASER APERTUREor
APERTURE FOR
LASER RADIATIONor19

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

Table 5 − Requirement for labeling and the words (2 of 2)
Product
class

Class 4

Alarm label

Explanatory label

Aperture label(ditto)LASER RADIATIONAVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO
DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION
CLASS 4 LASER PRODUCTAVOID EXPOSURE－LASERRADIATION IS
EMITTED FROMTHIS APERTURE

NOTE Quoted from Table 1.5.1 of section 5 of part 1 in the “Laser safety guidebook 4th edition”[2] [However, a part of the contents
are revised in accordance with JIS C 6802:2011 (IEC 60825-1:2007).]
a Instead of the explanatory labels, at the discretion of the manufacturer, the same statements may be included in the information

for the user.

d) Labels for panels
According to JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), the panel which, when removed or displaced permits human accessto laser radiation in excess of the AEL for Class 1, shall have affixed labels bearing the words shown in Table
6 is written down.
NOTE
Depending on presence or absence of the safety interlock on the panel, contents of phrase to write down are
different (see Table 6).

The term panel (access panel) used here means a movable part which is incorporated in user’s work
procedures (action to open the panel) in order to fulfill functions necessary for the laser product. As for
projector, the light source cover is equivalent to such access panel, and corresponds to the service panel inthe case where users are allowed to replace the light source unit at the discretion of manufacturers.
Table 6 − The wording of labels for access panels (1 of 2)
Laser classprotected
by theaccesspanel

The panel without safety interlock, or thepanel with a safety interlock which cannot
be easily unlocked a

The panel with a safety interlock which can beeasily unlocked

Class 1

Unnecessary

Unnecessary

Class 1M

CAUTION－
CLASS 1M LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
DO NOT VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICALINSTRUMENTS

Class 2

CAUTION－
CLASS 2 LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
DO NOT STARE INTO THE BEAMClass 2M

CAUTION－
CLASS 2M LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
DO NOT STARE INTO THE BEAM OR VIEW
DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

Class 3R

CAUTION－
CLASS 3R LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
AVOID DIRECT EYE EXPOSURE

20

CAUTION－
CLASS 1M LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
AND INTERLOCKS DEFEATEDDO NOT VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICALINSTRUMENTS
CAUTION－
CLASS 2 LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
AND INTERLOCKS DEFEATEDDO NOT STARE INTO THE BEAM
CAUTION－
CLASS 2M LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
AND INTERLOCKS DEFEATEDDO NOT STARE INTO THE BEAM OR VIEW
DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
CAUTION－
CLASS 3R LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
AND INTERLOCKS DEFEATED
AVOID DIRECT EYE EXPOSUREJBMIA-TR-27:2014

Table 6 − The wording of labels for access panels (2 of 2)
Laser classprotected
by theaccesspanel

Class 3B

Class 4The panel without safety interlock, or thepanel with a safety interlock whichcannot be easily unlocked a

Safety interlock is indispensable b

Safety interlock is indispensable b

The panel with a safety interlock which can beeasily unlocked
CAUTION－
CLASS 3B LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
AND INTERLOCKS DEFEATED
AVOID EXPOSURE TO THE BEAM
CAUTION－
CLASS 4 LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN
AND INTERLOCKS DEFEATED
AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO
DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATIONNOTE3 Quoted from Table 1.5.2 of section 5 of part 1 in the “Laser safety guidebook 4th edition”[2] [However, a part of its contents
are revised in accordance with the latest standards (IEC 60825-1 (2007).]a Even if one open the panel with a safety interlock which cannot be easily unlocked, in the case where the human body is not

exposed to the laser radiation which exceeds of the AEL for Class1 due to the action of the safety interlock, labeling is not required.
b When the panel is removed or displaced, the human body is exposed to the laser radiation of AEL for Class 3B or more, the safety

interlock is indispensable.

7.1.2

Items to be indicated on the outer packaging box

The indication shall be placed on the outer packaging box of the laser product so as to tell buyers that it uses
a new light source different from the conventional lamp.
7.1.3

Items to be indicated in the operation manual

The next items shall be described in the operation manual so as to tell buyers that the laser product uses a
new light source different from the conventional lamp.
a) Note of caution such as “Don’t stare into the projection lens of the projector” is to be written down.
b) Note of caution such as “CLASS xx LASER PRODUCT” is to be written down.
c) Particularly, as for the projector which exceeds Class 2, a note of caution such as “In the case wherechildren are likely to touch it, it shall be used under the control and supervision of an adult.” As to therequirements in the note of caution, it is desirable to use the standardized phrase among manufacturers.
d) Legible reproductions (colour optional) of all required labels and hazard warnings to be affixed to the laser
product or provided with the laser product. The corresponding position of each label affixed to the productshall be indicated or, if provided with the product, a statement that such labels could not be affixed to the
product but were supplied with the product and a statement of the form and manner in which they were
supplied shall be provided.

7.2

Announcement in sales

In all catalogues, specification sheets and descriptive brochures, the warning that it is the laser product shallbe stated so as to buyers are able to recognize the fact that it uses a new light source different from theconventional lamp.
Furthermore, according to subclause 6.2 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), in all catalogues, specification sheets
and descriptive brochures, manufacturers of laser products shall provide or cause to be provided the21

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

information concerning the classification of each laser product and the following alarm note depending oneach laser class.
[Laser product][Information concerning warning]

Class 1

Not particularClass 1M

Do not view directly with optical instruments

Class 2

Do not stare into the beam

Class 2M

Do not stare into the beam or view directly with optical instruments

Class 3R

Avoid direct eye exposure

Class 3B

Avoid exposure to the beam

Class 4

Avoid eye or skin exposure to direct or scattered radiation

8

Safety guideline in normal use

8.1

Requirements for accident avoidance of Intrabeam viewing

In the case of the projector, regardless of the types of the light source (lamp, LED, laser, etc.) and risk class(risk group, laser class, etc.), it is (potentially) likely to have negative impact on the human body to directly
watch strong light projected from the projection lens onto screen from inside the beam for long time, so thefollowing notes of caution shall be provided.
8.1.1

Requirements for projector

In the case of the projector which uses laser as light source, same as the case of the lamp-type projector, theno stare into mark (see Figure 4) is to be indicated nearby the light emission hole and users’ awareness is tobe promoted. This no star into mark is to be used according to the write-down in the mark of the lamp-type
projector.
Furthermore, as for the projector of Class 3R or more, in addition to above no stare into mark, at the sameplace (light emission hole), aperture label (see Table 1) is required.

Figure 4 − Example of no stare into mark8.1.2

Requirements for operation manual

Note of caution such as “Don’t stare into the projection lens.” shall be written down.
NOTE

8.2

The rules in 7.1.2 may be combined, also a supplementary note of caution may be written down.

Requirements for accident avoidance of intrabeam viewing using optical equipment

In the case of the projector, regardless of the types of the light source (lamp, LED, laser, etc.) and risk class(risk group, laser class, etc.), it is likely to have negative impact on the human body to look into strong light
projected from the projection lens onto screen from inside the beam using optical equipment (loupe, mirror
reflector, etc.), so the following note of caution shall be provided.

22

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

8.2.1

Requirements for operation manualNotes of caution such as “Don’t enter into the beam by using optical equipment (loupe, mirror reflector, etc.)”
is to be written down.

8.3

Accident avoidance in the case of usually unforeseeable actions

In the case of use by children, it is hard to completely eliminate the possibility that the accident may be causedby the handling of the projector other than usually reasonably foreseeable handling method, so the following
note of caution is to be provided.
8.3.1

Requirements for operation manual

In the case of the projectors which exceed Class 2 or more, a note of caution such as “When it is likely to be
touched by children, this shall be used under the control and supervision by the adult.” shall be written down.
NOTE

8.4

The rules in 7.1.2 may be combined, also a supplementary note of caution may be written down.

Notes / Consideration / Regard / Attention in the case of remote operation and use of aremote control

In the case of power-on, consideration has to be made to prevent the projection lens being looked in.
8.4.1

Requirements for operation manual

A note of caution such as “When turn on the projector, consideration has to be made to prevent the projectionlens being looked in.” shall be written down.

9

Safety guideline in disassembly

In the case of disassembly of the product, it is ideal to prevent misuse of the laser device as light source by its
destruction; however, in the case where it is difficult to do so in terms of service activity, in terms of preventionof misuse of the removed laser device as light source and ensuring safety for the maintenance, set up thefollowing requirements in order to prevent the laser device as light source in the product easily being diverted.

9.1

Requirements for the housing covera) In the operation manual, alert users not to disassemble.
b) Housing cover structure shall be designed so as not to be easily opened by users. Entrust specificcountermeasures to manufacturers.
Example 1

Use the special screws for tightening of housing cover.

Example 2

Housing cover is designed as can’t be removed by one-action

Example 3

Housing cover is designed as to be a structure and combined with screw tighteningc) On the housing cover, placing the indication that represents “Don’t open / disassemble the housing cover.”9.2

Requirements for the light source cover

9.2.1

In the case where users are not permitted to replace the light source unit

The requirements similar to those for the housing cover set in 9.1 are to be applied to the light source cover.
In the case where due to the size or design of the product, placing the indication that represents “Don’t
open/disassemble” to both the housing cover and light source cover is impractical, the indication that

23

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

represents “Don’t open/disassemble the product.” shall be placed on either the housing cover or the lightsource cover. In this case, it is desirable to seal the cover without the notice with security seal, etc.
9.2.2

In the case where users are permitted to replace the light source unita) Depending on the class, the label for the access panel by class listed in Table 6 shall be placed on the lightsource cover.
b) As for the fixing means of the light source cover, the structure where users are able to open it easily is
acceptable; however, in the case of opening the light source cover, it is to be designed so as not to turn on
the light source.

9.3

Requirements for the light source unit

In order to prevent the diversion of laser devices, its structure is to be designed so as the laser not easily to be
removed from the light source unit.
If the light source unit is removable from the projector, its structure is to be designed so as the laser not easily
to be removed from the light source unit. Entrust specific countermeasures to manufacturers.
Example 1

Use the special screws for fixing the laser.

Example 2

Use the security seal on the head of the special screws.

Example 3

By applying an anaerobic adhesive to the screw for fixing the laser, the screw is broken in disassembling.

9.4

Requirements in the case of breakage

In the case of housing breakage due to falling, etc., the structure is to be designed for the main light so as not
to emit outside directly. Entrust specific countermeasures to manufacturers.
Example To adopt double light shielding structure by the optical engine cover and housing cover.

9.5

Requirements for user’s information

Alert users to the fact that the projector shall not be disassembled, repaired, and reconstructed without carefulconsideration.
a) Describe in the operation manual that if the user disassemble, repair or modify the unit there is a serious
problem about the safety of the user.
b) As a psychological alert for the easy disassembly by the user, design to identify easily that the unit isdisassembled by the user. Entrust specific countermeasures to manufacturers.
Example 1

Seal the security seal to the eye-catching place by appearance.

Example 2

By applying an anaerobic adhesive to the screw, the screw shall be broken when disassembling,

10 Safety guideline in the case of failure
10.1 Scope of the reasonably foreseeable failure
According to clause 9 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), the tests during operation to determine the classificationof the product shall be made “under each and every reasonably foreseeable single-fault condition.”
Explanations of the reasonably foreseeable single-fault condition are shown next.
・Breakage of the outer housing due to falling of the product.
24

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

・Breakage of the inner parts due to falling of the product.
・Failure of the drive circuit of the laser device as light source.
・Breakage of the diffuser of the laser light.
・Aged deterioration of the inner parts such as an optical element.
・Failure of the safety interlock.

10.2 Emission light from the projection lens
In the case of failure, the laser light emitted from the projection lens shall not exceed the AEL of theappropriate class. Particularly, in the failure mode where the degree of hazard is extremely high, the measures
to control the emission of the projection light to outside must be taken immediately. In addition, it is desirable
that this protective mechanism is not automatically reset as long as user or the service person carries out aspecific operation. Entrust specific countermeasures to manufacturers.
Explanations of the failure mode such as excursion laser output or breakage of the laser light diffuser are
shown next.
Example 1

Stop the power supply to the laser drive circuit and stop the laser light oscillation.

Example 2

Block the laser light by using a mechanical shutter of light resistance/heat resistance.

10.3 Leaked light
In the case of normal use or failure, the laser light leak from the place other than projection lens shall not
exceed the Class 1 AEL.
Around the optical path of the main light, the protective housing is to be installed in order to prevent the leak of
the laser light which exceeds the Class 1 AEL; durability of such protective housing is required to secure thesafety under the reasonably foreseeable single-fault condition. (see 10.1) Entrust specific countermeasures
for the material of protective housing to manufacturers.
a) As for the projector, the openings for intake air/exhaust air which are installed for cooling may problematic
sometimes; accordingly, it has to be designed for laser light which exceed Class 1 AEL so as not to leakoutside. Entrust specific countermeasures to manufacturers.
Example 1
To employ the double structure protective housing which has the optical engine cover which cover the
optical path of the main light and the housing cover.
Example 2
To employ the structure where light does not leak outside by installing pass-each-other walls at the intake
air/exhaust air openings.

b) In addition, attention has to be paid that the laser light which exceeds Class 1 AEL does not leak outsidefrom the join of the protective housing.
Example It is desirable to design for laser light so as not to leak from the join of the protective housing by employing the fit
structure shown in the following Figure 5.

25

JBMIA-TR-27:2014

Protective housing

保護きょう体Protective housing

保護きょう体Laser light

Leaked light
漏れ光Laser light

レーザ光

レーザ光

不可
No good

良 GoodFigure 5 − Example of the prevention for laser light leak by the protective housing

10.4 Alert for users
It is hazardous to continue to use the projector in failure state; in some cases, it is likely to damage eye due tolaser light. Therefore, it is desirable to alert users by writing down the following note in the operation manual.
a) Write down the fact that use of a broken product is not only the cause of “electric shock” and “fire” but also
is the cause of eye injury.
b) Alert users that when the trouble is found, immediately stop the use, and ask the dealer to repair it.

11 Others
11.1 Requirements in manufacturing
In manufacturing a projector which uses laser devise as light source, it is desirable to prevent workers fromexposure to laser light emission which exceeds Class 1 AEL in order to protect workers’ eye damages;
otherwise, it is necessary to take measures listed in Table 1 to Table 4 depending on the emitted laser lightclass. Entrust specific countermeasures to manufacturers.
11.1.1 Requirements in the case of design
The structure is to be designed so that when the housing cover or light source cover is opened, the lightsource does not light, or the main light beam cannot be seen. Entrust specific countermeasures tomanufacturers.
a) The structure is to be designed so that when the housing cover is opened, the light does not light, or themain light cannot be seen in the case of the laser emission exposure exceeding Class 3B or more.
ExampleLighting of the light source is to be controlled by installing an access sensor on the housing cover.

b) The structure is to be designed so that when the light source cover is opened, the light does not light, or themain light cannot be seen in the case of the laser emission exposure exceeding Class 1.
ExampleLighting of the light source is to be controlled by installing an access sensor on the light source cover.

Safety and health education listed in Table 3 shall be provided to workers without fail, and it is necessary to let
workers know the risk of the laser light.
11.1.2 Requirements in the case of assembly operation
In assembling work, explanations of countermeasures to prevent workers from exposure to laser lightemission which exceeds Class 1 AEL are shown next.
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Example 1 By preparing a protective housing for the assembly, and the structure is to be designed so as not
be energized unless the laser device as light source is covered.
Example 2

In the assembly work, laser’s drive current value shall be controlled.

Particularly, even though in case of malfunction during the assembly work, in order to protect worker’s eye, itis necessary to make arrangements that the assembly work is to be performed at the position where the laser
light does not come to worker’s eye level and the laser light does not emit toward the worker. In addition,
during the assembly work, in order to avoid laser light unexpected specular reflection, due attention has to be
paid concerning the surrounding work environment and worker’s accessories.

11.2 Requirements for servicing information
Based on subclause 6.2 in JIS C 6802 (IEC 60825-1), the maintenance schedule necessary to maintain the
products, avoidance measures for laser emission exposure, clear alerts to avoid other hazards and the notesof caution shall be included in the servicing information for the adjustment work and its procedures of eachproduct for the service agent, retailer, and other persons who request them.
Furthermore, these servicing information must include clear directions about the position of the removable partof the protective housing which may cause laser emission exposure exceed given product’s AEL, and theprocedures available to persons other than the manufacturers and their agents to increase the laser emission
exposure level, the procedures to protect service persons, and clear copies (color is free) of the requiredlabels and hazard warning.
The following matters shall be included in the servicing information.
a) Maintenance schedule for the service person necessary for maintenance of the product.
NOTE
This is designated by the manufacturers, and it is assumed that this is carried out by the service person has
special knowledge; accordingly, it is not intended to be carried out by users.

b) Warning to avoid the possibility of hazardous laser emission exposure which exceeds Class 1 AEL. FAs forthe statement, it is desirable to use the standardized phrase among manufacturers.
Example 1

Warning that if you open the protective housing, it is likely to be exposed to hazardous laser emission.

Example 2

Warning that you shall not look into the laser light

Example 3

Warning that if you ignore the warning, there may be serious damage to the human body.

c) In the safety equipment required by the standards, the functions known to the service person who has been
designated by the manufacturer and has special knowledge in performing service procedures.
NOTE

The unlock mechanism of the safety interlock and the notice of warning during unlocking are included.

d) The position of removable protective housing. In the case of the protective housing which has themechanism to unlock the safety interlock, the position of the safety interlock, and the unlock method.
e) The list of laser emission control methods, and control position in the service procedures.
NOTE
The method of the laser oscillation and the method of control equipment which is able to control the laser output
and the position of it are equivalent to this.

f) Clear copies (color is free) of all labels stuck to the laser product, and the position stuck. As to description
the positions, it is desirable to show them diagrammatically.

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11.3 Requirements in the case of disposala) In the case of disposal of the projector, the disposal shall comply with the law and ordinance of eachcountry without disassembling it; this shall be written down in the servicing information.
b) As to handling of disassembly by a collection trader, it shall comply with the provisions in Clause 9 fordisassembly.

11.4 Requirements concerning optional lensThis subclause is applicable to only the projector with interchangable optional lens.
If the projection lens is replaced while the light source is lighted, the strong light from inside of the projector is
projected toward the screen, so risks of “electric shock” as well as “impairment of eyesight” are concerned.
For this reason, the following safety measures must to be taken.
a) To alert users, the note of caution that in the case of removal of the projection lens or replacement of the
projection lens, such shall not be performed in the power-on state is to be written down in the servicing
information.
b) Even in the state of being removed of the projection lens, the projector is to be designed so that the laser
light exceeds the specified AEL of the projector does not leak outside. Entrust specific countermeasures tomanufacturers.

Example As to the safety lock mechanism, it is to be designed so that in the state of being removed of the projection
lens, the light source does not light.

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Bibliography[1] JIS K 6900 (ISO 472), Plastics – Vocabulary[2] Laser safety guidebook: 4th edition
edited by Optoelectronics Industry and Technology Development Association
published by Advanced Communication Media Co., Ltd.
[3] Available from <http://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/roudoukijun/anzeneisei/050325-1a.html>[4] Available from <http://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/roudoukijun/anzeneisei/050325-1.html>

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Acknowledgment
List of committee members of Laser Society of Japan as a collaborator of draft preparation is shown below.

Laser Display Technology Expert Committee(Chief investigator)

Kazuhisa Yamamoto

Osaka University(Sub-chief investigator)

Tetsuya Yagi

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Tatsuo Ito

Panasonic Corporation(Member)

63 members(Organizer)

Masatoshi Fujimura

Osaka University

Hiroshi Murata

Osaka University

Hiroshi Kurosawa

Japan Science and Technology Agency

Kazuo Kuroda

The University of Tokyo

Yasuhiro Koike

Keio University

Takatomo Sasaki

Osaka University

Toshiaki Narahara

Osaka University

Hirochika Nakajima

Waseda University(Adviser)(As of Sept. 2012)

Laser Display Safety Working Group(Chief investigator)

Sunao Kurimura

National Institute for Materials Science(Sub-chief investigator)

Shin-ichi Kadowaki

Panasonic System Networks Co., Ltd.

Shunji Kamijima

Seiko Epson Corporation

Masafumi Ide

Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd.

Tatsuo Ito

Panasonic Corporation

Satoshi Ouchi

Hitachi, Ltd.

Daisuke Otsuhata

The Nippon Signal Co., Ltd.

Junichi Kinoshita

Harison Toshiba Lighting Corporation

Tatsuru Kobayashi

JVC Kenwood Corporation

Kenji Konno

Konica Minolta Technology Center, Inc.

Kenichiro Saisho

Ricoh Company., Ltd.

Shigeru Shinzawa

MicroVision Inc.

Yoshihiro Someno

Alps Electric Co., Ltd.

Kenji Nagashima

Funai Electric Co., Ltd.

Akira Muzuyoshi

FUJIFILM Corporation

Mitsuyoshi Watanabe

Brother Industries., Ltd.

(Member)3 other members(Liaison)

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Kazuhisa Yamamoto

Osaka University(As of Sept. 2012)