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JAITS

䝔䝺䝡䝗䝷䝬䛾᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ䛻䛚䛡䜛ὀ䛾ᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗศᯒ㻌䇷୰ᅜᐑᘐ䝗䝷䝬䛄ṌṌ㦫ᚰ䛅䜢౛䛻䇷㻌㒯㻌 㞜ኳ㻌
䠄⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫᅜ㝿ᩥ໬Ꮫ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬䠅㻌
In Audiovisual Translation, translator’s notes are seldom used mainly because of spatial andtemporal limitations. While this paper will focus on a large amount of use of translator’snotes, especially on culture-specific items, in ࠗṌṌ㦫ᚰ࠘ a Chinese TV drama which takes
a background of Qing Dynasty. In Functionalist Translation Theory, it is thought that the
choice of translation strategies is decided by the intended function (also known as ‘skopos’)of TT(target text)s. Thus in this paper, an analysis will be made on how the translator’s notes
are used in the TT and what kind of effects they have brought to it, and then the relationshipbetween the use of translator’s notes and the ‘skopos’ will be explored. Regardless, the heavy
usage of notes, especially on culture-specific items, would be seen as a strong position of thetranslator in cross-cultural communication.
1㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᩥⱁ⩻ヂࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ㏻ᖖࡢ⩻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ࡀὀࢆ௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
ヂᩥ࡟⿵㊊࣭ㄝ࣭᫂ゎㄝࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡼࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊど⫈ぬ⩻ヂࡢሙྜࠊ᫬㛫࣭✵㛫࡞࡝ࡢไ⣙ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊὀࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ 1 ࠋ≉࡟ࡑࡢ୺ὶᙧ
ែࡢ㸯ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿᏐᖥ 2 ࡛ࡣࠊὀࢆ௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡿ࡝ࡇࢁ࠿ࠊඖⓎヰࡢ๐㝖ࠊจ⦰ࠊᨵኚ࡜
࠸ࡗࡓ᪉ἲࡀ㢖⦾࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊࡲࡓᐇドⓗ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊᏐᖥ࡛ࡣඖࡢྎ モࡢ43㸣ࡀኻࢃࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸦de Linde and Kay, 1999:51㸧ࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊసရ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣὀࡀከ
⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡶᐇࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊὀࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿど⫈ぬసရࡢᏐᖥࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊⓏሙே≀ࡸ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲࡟㛵ࡍࡿὀࡀࠊసရ඲యࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ྲྀ
ࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋ
Ꮠᖥ࡛ࡣ㏻ᖖ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿὀࡢ౑⏝ࡀసရ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࠶࠼࡚኱㔞࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⩻ヂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐩ᡂࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡉࢀࡿఱ࠿ࡢ┠ⓗ࡟⥭ᐦ࡟⧅ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ⌮ㄽࡢ୰ᚰᛮ᝿࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠋࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊZHENG Yantian, “An Analysis on the Translator’s Notes in Japanese Subtitles of TV Drama fromthe Viewpoint of Functionalist Approach: By the Case of Startling by Each Step, an Imperial Court
Drama,” Interpreting and Translation Studies, No.14, 2014. pages 53-73. © by the Japan Association
for Interpreting and Translation Studies.

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53
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ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14ྕ(2014)⩻ヂࡢ┠ⓗࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕࢫࢥ࣏ࢫࠖࡀ⩻ヂ᪉ἲࢆỴᐃࡍࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ⩻ヂࢆ୍✀ࡢ␗ᩥ໬ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥάື࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅᵝࠎ࡞ไ⣙࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᝟ሗࡢ
ྲྀᤞ㑅ᢥࢆࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸Ꮠᖥ⩻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢఱࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㔜どࡋ࡚ど⫈⪅࡟ఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࡣࠊࡑࡢࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ࡟┤᥋㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢ⩻ヂ᪉␎࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᏐᩘไ㝈࡞࡝࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊཎస࡟࡞࠿ࡗࡓෆᐜ
ࢆὀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㏣ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࡢ┠ⓗタᐃ࡟ࡼࡿ⤖ᯝࡢ⾲ࢀࡢ㸯ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡇ࠿
ࡽ⩻ヂ᫬ࡢ᧯సࡢጼໃࡶㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺❧ሙ࠿ࡽศᯒࡋࡓ࠸ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ୰ᅜ
ࡢࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿࠗṌṌ㦫ᚰ࠘ࢆ౛࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢከ⏝࡟
↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࠋࡲࡎࡣ㔞ⓗศᯒ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࡝ࡢせ⣲࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ὀࡀ௜ࡅࡽࢀࠊ
ࡑࢀࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ࡟⧅ࡀࡿ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊὀࡢෆᐜ࡜௜ࡅ᪉
ࡢヲ⣽࡞㉁ⓗศᯒ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢὀࡀᏐᖥ඲య࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ὀ࡜࠸࠺⩻ヂᡭἲࡀᏐᖥ⩻ヂ࡟᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ
2㸬◊✲ᑐ㇟࡜◊✲᪉ἲ
2.1 ◊✲ᑐ㇟ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊΎࡢ᫬௦ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋࡓᐑᘐࢻ࣐ࣛࠗṌṌ㦫ᚰ㸦ࣈ࣮ࣈ࣮ࢪࣥࢩࣥ㸧࠘3 (᪥ᮏㄒࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ㸸ࠗᐑᘐዪᐁ ⱝ᭝㸦ࢪࣕࢡࢠ㸧࠘)ࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ୰ᅜேዪ
ᛶసᐙ᱒⳹(ࢺ࣭ࣥ࣍㺅)ࡀ 2005 ᖺ࡟࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓᑠㄝࠗṌṌ㦫ᚰ࠘ࢆᐇ෗ࢻ࣐ࣛ໬ࡋࡓసရ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ2011 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 10 ᪥ࡼࡾ୰ᅜ†༡┬ࡢ⾨ᫍ TV ᒁ࡛ᨺ㏦ࡉ
ࢀጞࡵ 4 ࠊࡑࡢᚋ୰ᅜ඲ᅵ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᩘከࡃࡢ TV ᒁ࡛ᨺ㏦ࡉࢀࠊྎ‴ᆅ༊࣭㤶≉ู⾜ᨻ༊ࡢ୰⳹ᅪࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ㡑ᅜ࣭࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔࣭ࢩ࣏࣮࣭ࣥ࢞ࣝ࢔࣓࣭ࣜ࢝࢝ࢼࢲ࣭᪥
ᮏ࡛ࡶᨺ㏦ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᨺ㏦᫬ᮇ㡰㸧ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ࣜࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡฟ∧♫࡟ࡼࡾ㍺ධ
ࡉࢀࠊ2012 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 08 ᪥ࡼࡾࠊBS ࢪࣕࣃࣥ࡟࡚ DVD ࣀ࣮࢝ࢵࢺ∧㸦ィ 35 ヰࠊ1713
ศ㸧࡛ᨺ㏦ࡉࢀࠊ኱཯㡪ࢆᚓࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊDVD ࣀ࣮࢝ࢵࢺ∧ࡢ඲ 35 ヰࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢసရࡣ≉ᐃࡢ᫬௦࡜ᩥ໬⫼ᬒࡢタᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࢭࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡸᩥ໬せ⣲࡞࡝ࡀ⌧௦๻࡜኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡾࠊ≉࡟ྎモ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣྂ௦㢼⾲⌧ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊᐑᘐ࡟
࠾ࡅࡿゝⴥ㐵࠸ࡶࡲࡓ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏసရࡣྂ௦࡬ࢱ࢖࣒ࢫࣜࢵࣉࢆࡍࡿ≀ㄒ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⌧௦࡜ྂ௦ࡢせ⣲ࡀ࠸࠿࡟㸯ࡘࡢసရࡢ୰࡛⼥ྜࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡀࡲࡓぢᡤ࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀᏐᖥ⩻ヂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡞࡝ᩘከࡃࡢほⅬࢆྵࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊど⫈ぬ⩻ヂࡢ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࡍࡿ⣲ᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ
ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠶ࡽࡍࡌࢆ⡆༢࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᙇᬡ㸦ࡕࡻ࠺࣭ࡋࡻ࠺㸧࡜࠸࠺⌧௦୰ᅜࡢዪᛶࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ᪥㌴ࡢ஦ᨾ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ 18 ୡ⣖ึ㢌ࠊᗣ⇊ᖇࡀᨭ㓄ࡍࡿΎࡢ᫬௦࡟ࢱ࢖࣒ࢫࣜࢵࣉࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊ➨ඵⓚᏊࡢഃᐊ࣭
ⱝ⹒ࡢጒ࡛࠶ࡿ㤿∞Ὀ࣭ⱝ᭝㸦ࡤࡌࡓ࠸࣭ࡌࡷࡃࡂ㸧࡜࠸࠺ᑡዪࡢ㌟࡟ධࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ⌧௦࡟ᡠࡿࡇ࡜࡟ኻᩋࡋࡓᙇᬡࡣⱝ᭝࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆỴࡵࠊࡑࡢᚋ࠾
ድ㑅ࡧࢆᶵ࡟ᗣ⇊ᖇࡸⓚᏊࡓࡕ࡟࠾Ⲕࢆධࢀࡿዪᐁ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐑᘐධࡾࡍࡿࠋṔྐࡢ⤖ᮎ



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ࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗศᯒࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᙼዪࡣᚎࠎ࡟ᐑᘐࡢ⏕ά࡟㥆ᰁࢇ࡛࠸ࡁࠊᗣ⇊ᖇࡸⓚᏊ࡟࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࢆ
ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ᡯዪ࡜ࡋ࡚㔜ᐆࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ➨ඵⓚᏊ࡜➨ᅄⓚᏊ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ⱆ⏕࠼ࡿᜊ࡟ⴱ⸨ࡋࡘࡘࠊᮅᘐ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 9 ேࡢⓚᏊࡓࡕ࡟ࡼࡿⓚ఩ᚋ⥅⪅த࠸࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ2.2 ◊✲᪉ἲ ⩻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀ࡜ࡣࠊᩥᏛసရࡸㄽᩥ࡞࡝ࡢ᭩≀࡛ࡣࠊᩥ❶ࡸ⏝ㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࠊ
⿵㊊ࠊゎㄝࢆ⬮ὀ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᑿὀࡢᙧ࡛ࠊᮏᩥእ࡟ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
ど⫈ぬసရࡢ⩻ヂ࡛ࡣ᭩≀ࡢὀ࡜ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢᴫᛕࢆ
☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣὀ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿᑐ㇟ࢆࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟つᐃࡍࡿࠋࡲࡎ఩⨨࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࡢᏐᖥࡀࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣥࡢୗ࡟ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊὀࡣࢫ
ࢡ࣮ࣜࣥࡢ୧ഃ࡟ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊձⓏሙே≀ࡀㄡ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢᥦ♧࡜ࠊղᏐᖥ㸦ྎモ㸧ࠊᫎീෆᩥᏐ᝟ሗ㸦ᡭ⣬ࡸ┳ᯈ࡞࡝㸧ࠊ⫼ᬒ▱㆑ࡢ୕㡯┠࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄝ࣭᫂⿵㊊࣭ゎㄝࠊࡢ 2 ✀㢮࡟ศ㢮࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋࠊࡲࡓඖࡢ࢜ࣜࢪࢼ
ࣝ∧࡟࠶ࡿὀࡣᮏ✏࡛ࡣᑐ㇟እ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ௨ୗࡢㄝ࡛᫂ࡣࠊձࢆே≀ᥦ♧ࠊղࢆෆᐜᥦ
♧࡜⡆␎໬ࡍࡿࠋ
ᐇ㝿ࡢศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊཎసࣀ࣮࢝ࢵࢺ∧ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ 5 㸦DVD ∧ࠊ඲ 35 ヰࠊィ
1713 ศ㸧ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ὀࢆ඲࡚ᢤࡁฟࡋࠊୖグࡢ 2 ศ㢮࡟ศࡅࡓୖ࡛ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡲࡎࠊᢳฟࡋࡓὀࡢ඲ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊ㔞ⓗศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚඲యⓗഴྥࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊே≀ᥦ♧࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣⓏሙே≀ẖ࡟ศࡅࡿࠋෆᐜᥦ♧ࡢὀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࡟ࢃࡓࡿ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᐇ㝿ࡢศᯒ࡟㐺ྜࡋࡓศ㢮ἲࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆ⾲ࡍ⏝ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊRealia ࡸ CBI㸦Culturally-bound items㸧ࠊCSI
㸦Culture-specific items㸧㸦Terestyényi, 2011; Franco, 1996㸧ࠊECR6㸦Extralinguistic Cultural
Reference㸧㸦Pedersen, 2011㸧࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⏝ㄒࡣ᏶⎍࡟㔜࡞ࡿᴫᛕ࡜ࡣゝ࠸ษࢀ࡞࠸ࠋTerestyényi㸦2011: 13㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⏝ㄒࢆ࠸࠿࡟᫂☜࡟ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ࠿ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ౛࠼ࡤ Realia ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࣛࢸࣥㄒ㉳※࡛ࠊ“the real things”
࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ≀㉁ⓗ࡞ᩥ໬≀ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ≉᭷ࡢᩥ໬ࢆᣦࡍゝⴥࡶྵࡴࡇ
࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋᐇ㝿࡟ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⏝ㄒࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊᛂ⏝ࡍࡿศ㔝ࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡾ㸦౛࠼ࡤᩥⱁ⩻ヂ࠿ど⫈ぬ⩻ヂ࠿㸧ࠊศ㢮࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡀඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡾ
ࡍࡿ㸦౛࠼ࡤ኱ࡲ࠿࡞ศ㢮ࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ⣽࠿࠸ศ㢮ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸧ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஦᝟࠿ࡽࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢᐃ⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᭦࡞ࡿヲࡋ࠸㆟ㄽࡣᢅࢃࡎࠊᮏ✏࡜ྠࡌࢪ࡛ࣕࣥࣝ࠶
ࡿࢸࣞࣅᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆᢅࡗࡓ࡮ࢲ࣮ࢭࣥࡢ◊✲ࢆ⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ ࠸ࠋ
Pedersen (2011: 43)࡛ࡣࠊ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆ⾲グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿゝⴥࢆ ECR㸦Extralinguistic Cultural
Reference㸧࡜࿨ྡࡋࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
 Extralinguistic Cultural Reference㸦ECR㸧is defined as reference that is attempted bymeans of any cultural linguistic expression, which refers to an extralinguistic entity or



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ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14ྕ(2014)

process. The referent of the said expression may prototypically be assumed to be identifiable
to a relevant audience as this referent is within the encyclopaedic knowledge of this audience.
࣌ࢲ࣮ࢭࣥࡢᐃ⩏ࡢ๓༙࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ⠛ཎ㸦2013: 82㸧࡛ࡣࠊࠕ ゝㄒእᩥ໬㛵㐃グ㏙㸦ECR㸧ࡣᩥ໬ⓗゝㄒ⾲⌧࡟ࡼࡿゝཬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊゝㄒእࡢᏑᅾ≀ࡸࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜㛵ಀࡍࡿࠖ࡜ヂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᐃ⩏ࡢᚋ༙࡛ࡣࠊECR ࡣࡑࢀ࡜㛵ಀࡍࡿ≉᭷ࡢᩥ໬⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡘཷᐜ⪅࡟⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࡇࡢᐃ⩏࡟ἢࡗ࡚ศᯒࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡓ
ࡔࡋࠊPedersen㸦2011: 59-60㸧࡛ࡣࠊ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡀ 12 㡯┠࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ
ศ㢮ࡣᮏ✏ࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࢫࢱࢹ࢕࡟ࡣྜࢃ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢࡲࡲ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ
౛࠼ࡤࠊࡇࡢ 12 ศ㢮ࡢ୰࡛ࡲࡗࡓࡃヱᙜࡋ࡞࠸㡯┠㸦ᢏᕤ≀㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜ
ࡢ≉ᐃࡢ᫬௦⫼ᬒࡢᐑᘐࢻ࣐ࣛ࡜࠸࠺సရࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࠊᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀ࡜࠸࠺ලయⓗ≧ἣ࡟ྜࢃࡏࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ศ㢮ἲࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஦᝟ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࠊୖグࡢඛ⾜ᩥ⊩ࢆᇶ࡟ࡋࡘࡘࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟᪂ࡓ࡞ 8 ศ㢮ࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿ㸸ձᐁ⫋ྡ࡜࿧⛠ࠊղ♫఍୍⯡ࠊճⱁ⾡ࠊմே≀ࠊյᶵ㛵ࠊնᆅྡ࡜ሙᡤࠊշṔྐ⫼ᬒࠊոࡑࡢ௚ࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊᐑᘐࢻࣛ
࣐࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮏసရࡢ୍␒኱ࡁ࡞≉ᚩ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊὀ඲యࢆࡲࡓ኱ࡲ࠿࡟ᐑ
ᘐせ⣲࡜㠀ᐑᘐせ⣲࡜ 2 ศ㢮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᐇ㝿ࡢศᯒ࡜⪃ᐹ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢどⅬࡶධࢀࡘࡘࠊᑐ㇟సရ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢὀࢆୖ㏙ࡢ 8 㡿ᇦ࡟࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜศࡅࡋ࡚ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥ࡛ὀࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀ࡝
ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⩻ヂ┠ⓗ࡟⧅ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᥈ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋྜィ 35 ヰ࡛ 1713 ศ࡜࠸࠺ࢹ࣮ࢱ
ࡢศ㔞ࡢከࡉࡀࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࡢㄝᚓຊࡢಖド࡟ࡶ⧅ࡀࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊศᯒࡢ➨ 2 ẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊಶูࡢලయ౛ࢆᣲࡆ࡞ࡀࡽ㉁ⓗศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋே≀ᥦ♧࡜ෆᐜᥦ♧ෆࡢྛศ㢮ࡼࡾࡑࢀࡒࢀලయ౛ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢὀࡀᏐᖥ඲య࡟࠾࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຠᯝ
ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊὀࡢ᭷ຠᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
3㸬ࣇ࢙࢔࣓࣮࢔࡟ࡼࡿࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ⌮ㄽ ⩻ヂ◊✲ࡣ㛗࠸Ṕྐࢆ⤒࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
ࠕ㏲ㄒヂࠖ࠿ࠕព࿡ヂࠖ࠿ࢆࡵࡄࡿㄽதࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶
ࡗࡓᙜึ࠿ࡽࠊᵝࠎ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽ◊✲ࡀ඘ᐇࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ௒᪥࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࠊ᫬௦ࡢⓎᒎ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ⩻ヂᏛࡶࡼࡾໟᣓⓗ࡟࡞ࡾࠊከඖⓗ࡞Ꮫၥศ㔝࡜ࡋ࡚┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ
ࡢṔྐࡢὶࢀࢆࠊ⸨℀㸦2007㸧࡛ࡣࠊཎᩥᚿྥ࠿ࡽヂᩥᚿྥ࡬࡜ኚ໬ࡋࠊࡲࡓ⩻ヂࡢᤊ࠼᪉ࡀࠊゝㄒࡢࢥ࣮ࢻኚ᥮࠿ࡽ␗ᩥ໬㛫ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡬࡜ࢩࣇࢺࡋࡓ࡜ぢ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ௦⾲࡜ࡋ࡚ 1970 ᖺ௦ࡼࡾⓎᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࢻ࢖ࢶⓎ⚈ࡢᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗ⩻ヂ⌮ㄽ 7 ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ༧㸦2008㸧࡛ࡣࠊᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗ⩻ヂ⌮ㄽࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ
ໟᣓⓗ࡛࠿ࡘ⣔⤫ⓗ࡟⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⣬ᖜࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗ⩻ヂ⌮ㄽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿྛඛ⾜ᩥ⊩࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊศᯒ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚୺࡟ᢅࢃࢀࡿࣇ࢙࢔࣓࣮࢔ࡢࢫࢥ࣏
ࢫ⌮ㄽࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊ⡆₩࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ
Reiß and Vermeer (2013)࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊゝㄒ⾜Ⅽࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ
ෆࠊ⩻ヂ⾜Ⅽࡣ≉ู࡞ゝㄒ⾜Ⅽ࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࠊᚲࡎఱࡽ࠿ࡢ┠ⓗࡀకࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊఱࡼ



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ࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗศᯒࡾࠊࡇࡢ┠ⓗࡀ⩻ヂ᪉ἲࡢỴᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞せᅉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࣇ
࢙࢔࣓࣮࢔ࡢࠕࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ㸦Skopos8 㸧⌮ㄽࠖࡢ᰾ᚰⓗ࡞ᛮ᝿࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡲࡓᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗ⩻ヂ⌮ㄽࡢ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ㄽⅬ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊ⾜Ⅽࡣࡑࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ࡀ⩻ヂ᪉ἲࢆ㑅ᐃࡍࡿ᫬࡟᭱ึ࡟⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸せ⣲ࡀࠊࡑࡢ⩻ヂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐩ᡂࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡉࢀࡿ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⩻ヂࡢ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ᙧែࡶࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵࡲࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ࣭࣮ࣝࣝࠖࡢ୺࡞
ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ࣭࣮ࣝࣝࠖࡢ௚࡟ࠊTT(Target Text)ࡀ┠ᶆᩥ໬࡜♫఍⫼ᬒ࡟࠾࠸࡚┠ᶆཷᐜ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚༑ศゎ㔘ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ୍㈏ᛶ࣮ࣝࣝࠖࠊཬࡧ TT ࡀ
ST(Source Text)࡜࠶ࡿ㛵㐃ᛶࢆಖࡘ࡭ࡁ࡜࠸࠺ࠕᛅᐇᛶ࣮ࣝࣝࠖࡶᥦၐࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣇ࢙࢔࣓࣮࢔ࡢ⩻ヂ⌮ㄽ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⩻ヂࡣ୍✀ࡢ␗ᩥ໬㛫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
⾜Ⅽ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡍ࡛࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ ST ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ᏶ᡂࡉࢀࡿ TT ࡟㔜Ⅼࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺࡣ┠ᶆᩥ໬ཬࡧලయⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ≧ἣࡢୗ࡛ࠊ┠ᶆഃࡢཷᐜ⪅ࡀᮃࡴࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ᶵ⬟ཬࡧ㐩ᡂࡋࡓ࠸┠ⓗ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢᶵ⬟࡜┠ⓗࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋྠࡌ ST ࡛ࡶࠊ┠ⓗࡀ␗࡞ࢀࡤࠊ඲ࡃ㐪࠺᪉㔪࡛ヂฟࡉࢀࡓ㐪࠺ヂᩥ࡜࡞ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ㐩ᡂࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ
ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⩻ヂ᪉␎ࡀ㑅ᢥ⠊ᅖ࡟ධࡿࠋ௒ࡲ࡛୰ᚰᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠕ➼౯ࠖࡣࡴࡋࢁࠊࡑࢀࡽᵝࠎ࡞᪉ἲࡢ୰ࡢ 1 ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࢫࢥ࣏ࢫࡣㄡࡀỴࡵࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࣆ࣒㸦2010㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ⩻ヂᐇ㊶࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊᨭᡶ࠸ࢆࡍࡿࢡࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢺࡸࠊᐇ㝿࡟௙஦ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿேࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ࠊ⩻ヂ⪅࡟ຓゝࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ྛศ㔝ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡿ⦅㞟⪅ࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ㄞࡳᡭ࡛࠶ࡿ࢚ࣥࢻ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࡞࡝ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞♫఍ⓗ⾜Ⅽ୺య⪅ࡀ㛵୚ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⩻ヂࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡞ྜពࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ࡣ୍య࡝ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞ពᛮỴᐃࢆ⾜࠺࡭ࡁ࠿ࡣᮍࡔゎỴ᱌ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⩻ヂࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⩻ヂࡢ᪉␎ࡀỴᐃࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࠊලయⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ
ࣙࣥ≧ἣࡸࠊ⩻ヂ⪅⮬㌟ࡢ୺ほⓗព㆑ࠊእᅾⓗ࡞♫఍ⓗせᅉ࡞࡝ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞せᅉࡀ᭱⤊ࡢ᪉␎Ỵᐃ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࣇ࢙࢔࣓࣮࢔ࡢࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ⌮ㄽࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ࠿ࡽ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡬࡜㔜Ⅼࢆኚ࠼ࠊ⩻ヂࢆỴᐃࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣ┠ⓗࡔ࡜ᥦၐࡋࠊ⩻ヂᐇ㊶࠾ࡼࡧ⩻ヂᢈホୖ࡟࠾࠸࡚኱ࡁ࡞᪉ྥᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⩻ヂ᪉ἲࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ
࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣゝཬࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⩻ヂࡢ୍⯡⌮ㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ␲࠸࡞ࡃ⏬ᮇⓗ㌿᥮ࢆ㐙ࡆࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ⌮ㄽࡶࡲࡓᢈุࢆᾎࡧ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࣆ࣒㸦2010㸧࡛ࡣࠊࠕ⩻ヂࡍࡿࡢࡣゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᶵ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖࠊ
ࠕ┠ⓗࡣ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ୰࡟ぢฟࡉࢀࡿࠖࠊࠕ┠ⓗ㸦ࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ㸧࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡣ⌮᝿୺⩏࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡞࡝ࠊᗄࡘࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿ௚ࠊ༧㸦2008: 200㸧࡛ࡣࠊࢫࢥ࣏ࢫࡀ඲ᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢ୍㈏ᛶ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࠕ⩻ヂࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡓ⩻ヂ᪉␎ࡣࠊ඲⯡ࡢ᪉㔪࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶಶࠎࡢ⩻ヂ࡜࠸࠺⣽㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ᭱ึ࠿ࡽ᭱ᚋࡲ࡛㈏ࡅࡿ࠿ࠖ࡜ၥ࠸࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ⌮ㄽ࡛୺

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57
57

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14ྕ(2014)ᙇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ┠ⓗ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬࡣࠊ౛࠼ࡤᩥⱁ⩻ヂࡢࡼ࠺࡞ཎⴭࢆᑛ㔜ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࠊ┠ⓗ࡞࡝୙せ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿศ㔝࡟ࡣᛂ⏝ࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸㒊ศࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ⩻ヂࡢࢫࢥ࣏ࢫࡀ⩻ヂ᪉␎ࢆỴࡵࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ⩻ヂࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞せᅉ࠿ࡽࡶᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ࠕࢫࢥ࣏ࢫࠖࡀ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ຠຊࢆⓎ᥹࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ␲ၥࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ♫఍ࡢⓎᒎ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ␗ᩥ໬஺ὶࡀࡲࡍࡲࡍ┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚⩻ヂࢸࢡࢫࢺࡶ᪥࡟᪥࡟ከᵝ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛ࡣࠊࢫࢥ࣏ࢫࢆ㸯ࡘࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᣦ㔪࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ≉࡟ᮏ✏࡛ᢅࢃࢀࡿど⫈ぬసရࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊྠࡌ ST ࡀᵝࠎ࡞┠ⓗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿ
TT ࡟⩻ヂ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟᭷┈࡞⌮ㄽࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
ࡣ☜࠿࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
4㸬ὀ౑⏝ࡢ඲యⓗഴྥ
4.1 ὀࡢከ⏝࡜ศᕸᮏ✏ࡀศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿసရ඲య࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ὀࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ2.2 ࡛☜ㄆࡋࡓ⠊ᅖつᐃ࡟ᚑ࠸ࠊே≀ᥦ♧࠾ࡼࡧෆᐜᥦ♧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊ⾲ 1 ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
⾲ 1 ὀࡢศᕸ

ὀࡢศᕸ㸦඲య㸧ᘏ࡭ㄒᩘ㸦token㸧␗࡞ࡾㄒᩘ㸦type㸧 

ே≀ᥦ♧

281

31㸦21㸧㸨

ෆᐜᥦ♧

144

84

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425

115

ᖹᆒ್㸦ྜィ/35 ヰ㸧

123

㸨ὀ: ␗࡞ࡾㄒᩘ㸦type㸧ࡣὀࡢෆᐜࡀ␗࡞ࢀࡤᩘ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࡀࠊே≀ᥦ♧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊྠ୍ே≀࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㌟ศࡢኚ໬࡟┦ᛂࡋ࡚ᥦ♧ෆᐜࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᐇ㉁ࡢ
ே≀ᩘࢆ( )ෆ࡟ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ

⾲ 1 ࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾࠊ඲సရࢆ㏻ࡋࠊྜィ 425 ᅇࡢὀࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ
࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋᖹᆒࡍࡿ࡜ྛヰ 12 ᅇࡎࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᫬㛫࡟๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡿ࡜ࠊ࡯ࡰ 4 ศࡈ࡜࡟ὀࡀ 1 ᅇ⌧ࢃࢀࡿ࣮࣌ࢫ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡛࡟ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᏐᖥ⩻ヂ࡛ࡣࠊసရࢆ
࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝࡢࡲࡲṧࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ཯㠃ࠊྎモࢆࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟ヂࡋ࡚⏬㠃ࡢୗ࡟ᤄධࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊど⫈⪅ഃ࡟ㄆ▱㈇Ⲵࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢୖࠊ኱㔞ࡢὀࡀࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣥࡢ୧ഃ࡟ᥦ
♧ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࠊど⫈⪅࡟ࡣ᭦࡞ࡿ㈇ᢸ࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࣜࢫࢡࢆ㈇ࡗ࡚ࡲ࡛ὀࢆ
㏣ຍࡋ࡚ఏ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢෆᐜ⮬యࡀసရ⌮ゎ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢุ᩿ࡔࡅ࠿
ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ࡀ⩻ヂ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚␗ᩥ໬⌮ゎ࡟ດࡵࡿጼࡢ⾲ࢀ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᤊ࠼ࡽ
ࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢෆヂࢆヲࡋࡃぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

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ࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗศᯒ

4.2 ே≀ᥦ♧ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ศᯒⓏሙே≀ࡀ⏬㠃࡟⌧ࢀࡓ࡜ࡁࠊࡑࢀࡀㄡ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿὀࡀே≀ᥦ♧࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ
425 ᅇࡢὀ඲యࡢ࠺ࡕே≀ᥦ♧ࡀ 281 ᅇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ඲యࡢ 3 ศࡢ 2 ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⓏሙ
ே≀ࡈ࡜࡟ศࡅ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ⾲ 2 ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࠿ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ281
ᅇࡢὀࡀ 21 ேࡢே≀࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୍ே࡛ 30 ᅇࡶ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ὀࡀ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿேࡉ࠼࠸ࡿࠋ
⾲ 2 ே≀ᥦ♧ࡢෆヂ

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ᅇᩘ

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➨஑ⓚᏊ㸦஑ⓚᘵ㸧 17➨༑୕ⓚᏊ㸦ᛱ ぶ⋤㸧

28

ᗣ⇊ ᖇ

ࡇ ࠺ ࡁ

ࡌࡷࡃࡂ

27

ⓚኴᏊ㸦➨஧ⓚᏊ㸧 14

27

្᫂

ࡵ࠸ࡅ࠸

➨༑ᅄⓚᏊ㸦༑ᅄⓚᘵ㸧 25➨༑ⓚᏊ㸦༑ⓚᘵ㸧
ࡂࡻࡃࡔࢇ

ࢀࢇ

➨ඵⓚᏊ㸦ᗮ ぶ⋤㸧
࠸

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ࡼ࠺ࡏ࠸

➨ᅄⓚᏊ㸦㞥 ṇ ᖇ㸧

⋢᷄

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ᅇᩘ

ᩄᩄ

ࡧࢇࡧࢇ

5

ࡾࡻࡃ ࡪ

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➨୍ⓚᏊ

2

13

ⵚྂ⋤

2

ࡵ࠸ࡂࡻࡃ

᫂⋢

12

➨୕ⓚᏊ

1

21

ࡌࡷࡃࡽࢇ

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18

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ࡇ࠺ࡅ࠸

6

ࡡࢇ࣭ ࡇ ࠺ ࡂࡻ࠺

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ᖺ⩘቗

⾲ 2 ࡢᩘᏐࡣఱࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࡢᵓᡂ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋᮏసရ࡛ࡣࠊዪᐁ࡛࠶ࡿⱝ᭝ࡀ஑ேࡢⓚᏊࡓࡕ࡟ࡼࡿⓚ఩த࠸࡜࠸࠺
኱ࡁ࡞⫼ᬒࡢ୰࡟⨨࠿ࢀࠊྛⓚᏊ࡜᥋ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᐑᘐ࡛⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃே⏕ࡀᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ᙼࡽ࡜㛵ࢃࡿே≀ࡶྵࡵࠊⓏሙே≀ࡀከࡃࠊே㛫㛵ಀࡶ」㞧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ୺ேබࡢ
ⱝ᭝ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᙼዪ࡜⥭ᐦ࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘⓚᏊࡓࡕ㸦≉࡟➨ᅄࠊඵࠊ༑ࠊ༑୕ࠊ༑ᅄⓚᏊ㸧࠾ࡼࡧ⫋ሙ࡛ࡢぶ཭࡛࠶ࡿ⋢᷄࡞࡝ࡶࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࡢᒎ㛤࡟࠾࠸࡚㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞ᙺ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ஦᝟ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊලయⓗ࡞≧ἣ࡟ᛂࡌࠊࡑࡢᩘከࡃ
ࡢⓏሙே≀ 1 ே࡟ࡘࡁ 1 ᅇࡢࡳᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ୍ヰࡈ࡜࡟ࠊ᭱ึ࡟ฟ⌧ࡋࡓ᫬࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡀㄡ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢே≀ᥦ♧ࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ୺₇࡛࠶ࢀࡤ࠶ࡿ࡯࡝ࠊ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋὀࡀ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᐜ᫆࡟᥎

࡛ࡁࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡑࢀ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝࡶ⾲ 2 ࡟ࡼࡾ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣࠊTT ࡢ㏦ࡾᡭ࡛࠶ࡿ⩻ヂ⪅࠿ࡽࠊTT ࡢཷࡅᡭ࡛࠶ࡿど⫈⪅࡬ࡢձᩘከࡃⓏሙࡍࡿே≀ࢆど⫈⪅࡟༳㇟௜ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢᕤኵ࡜

ղ➨ 1 ヰ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㏵୰࠿ࡽぢጞࡵࡿே࡛ࡶヰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࡛ࡁ

5959

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14ྕ(2014)ࡿࡔࡅ᪩࠸ẁ㝵࡛ே≀タᐃࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵࡢ㓄៖࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊヰࡢᒎ㛤࡟ῧࡗ࡚ࠊྠࡌே≀ࡀ㐪࠺ẁ㝵࡛ྡ⛠ኚ᭦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆὀ࡛᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊே≀࡟⧳ࢃࡿᩥ໬せ⣲ࡶྠ᫬࡟ど⫈⪅ࣟ ࣥ ࢥ ࢻࡡࢇ࣭ ࡇ ࠺ ࡂࡻ࠺࡟ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟ὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁࡣࠊ
ࠕ㝯⛉ከ ࠖ࡜ࠕ ᖺ ⩘ ቗ ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣ୺せே≀࡟ࡶⓚ᪘࡟ࡶධࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ༢࡞ࡿᮅᘐ࡟ົࡵࡿከᩘࡢᐁ൉ࡓࡕࡢ୰ࡢ୍ဨ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿ
ࡀࠊᮏࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࡢ኱ࡁ࡞᫬௦⫼ᬒ࡜࡞ࡿⓚ఩த࠸࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㞥ṇᖇࡢ༶఩࡟ᙜࡓࡗ
࡚኱ࡁ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓᐇᅾࡢṔྐⓗே≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᙼࡽ࡜ྠࡌ㢖ᗘ࡛
Ⓩሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ኱⮧ࡓࡕࡸࠊ᭦࡟ᙼࡽ௨ୖ࡟ฟ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿே≀㸦౛࠼ࡤᗣ⇊ᖇࡸ㞥ṇᖇࡢഃ௙࠼ࢆࡍࡿኴ┘ࠊᐇᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⪅ࡶྵࡴ㸧ࡣὀ࡟࡚ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ
࠺࡟ࠊࣜࢫࢡࢆᢪ࠼ࡿὀࡢ୰࡛ 1 ᅇࡎࡘᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᫎ⏬㚷㈹ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ど⫈⪅࡟࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ␗ᅜᩥ໬ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠾࠺࡜ࡍࡿດຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
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4.3 ෆᐜᥦ♧ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ศᯒ ὀࡢࡶ࠺ 1 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿෆᐜᥦ♧ࡣ⾲㸯࡛♧ࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ425 ᅇ࡜࠸࠺ὀ඲యࡢ࠺ࡕ 144
ᅇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ඲య࡟༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜࡣ 3 ศࡢ 1㸦ᘏ࡭ㄒᩘ㸧࡟␃ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ␗࡞ࡾㄒᩘ
࡛ࡣ඲యࡢ 115 ᅇࡢ࠺ࡕ 84 ᅇ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ 7 ๭௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋෆᐜᥦ♧ࡢὀ࡛ࠊᘏ࡭
ㄒᩘ࡜␗࡞ࡾㄒᩘࡢ๭ྜࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏫㌿ⓗ࡞⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊὀࡀ
ప㢖ᗘ࡛㔜」ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆ⥙⨶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟⧅ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎෆᐜᥦ♧ࡢศᕸ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࠊࡑࡢᗈ⠊ᅖ࡟Ώࡿෆᐜᥦ♧ࢆࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓ 8 㡿ᇦ㸦ձᐁ⫋ྡ࡜࿧⛠ࠊղ♫఍୍⯡ࠊճⱁ⾡ࠊմே≀ࠊյᶵ㛵ࠊնᆅྡ࡜ሙᡤࠊշṔྐ⫼ᬒࠊոࡑࡢ௚㸧࡟ศࡅ࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊ⾲ 3 ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊᐑᘐせ⣲࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆෆᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡍࠋ
⾲ 3 ෆᐜᥦ♧ࡢෆヂ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜᘏ࡭ㄒᩘ㸦token㸧␗࡞ࡾㄒᩘ㸦tpye㸧

඲య

ෆᐑᘐせ⣲

඲య

ෆᐑᘐせ⣲

ᐁ⫋ྡ࡜࿧⛠

74

74

21

21

♫఍୍⯡

14

㸵

14

㸵

ⱁ⾡

13

0

12

0

ே≀

11

6

10

5

9

ᶵ㛵

11㸦12 㸧

11

8

8

ᆅྡ࡜ሙᡤ

9

7

7

5

Ṕྐ⫼ᬒ

8

8

8

8

ࡑࡢ௚

4

0

4

0

ྜィ㸦ᐑᘐせ⣲㸧

144

113

84

54



60
60

ࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗศᯒὀࡢෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿලయ౛ศᯒࡣ➨ 5 ⠇࡛ᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࡀࠊ௨ୖࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽぢࡽ
ࢀࡿ㏻ࡾࠊࠕᐁ⫋ྡ࡜࿧⛠ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿὀࡀᘏ࡭ㄒᩘ࡛ 144 ࡢ࠺ࡕ 74 ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ඲
యࡢ༙ᩘ௨ୖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᭱ࡶ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢ㡯┠࡛ࡣࠕࡑࡢ௚ࠖࢆ㝖࠸࡚࡯ࡰ 10 ᅇ๓ᚋ࡜ᆒ⾮ࡋ࡚ศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆࣂࣛࣥࢫࡼࡃྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⩻ヂ⪅ࡢ⪃៖ࡶఛ࠼ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊᐑᘐせ⣲࠿㠀ᐑᘐせ⣲࠿࡜࠸࠺どⅬ࠿ࡽぢࡿ࡜ࠊᐑᘐせ⣲࡟㛵ࡍࡿὀࡀ 113 ᅇࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ
4 ศࡢ 3 ࡜࠸࠺๭ྜ࡟ୖࡾࠊὀ඲య㸦␗࡞ࡾㄒᩘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ༙ᩘ㏆ࡃࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᮏసရࡣ᫬௦๻࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ୰ᅜྂ௦ࡢᐑᘐኚᐜࡶࡑࡢ኱ࡁ࡞⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢫࢺ
࣮࣮ࣜ࡜ඹ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᐑᘐ࡟⧳ࢃࡿ▱㆑ࡣࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿୖ࡛ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋὀࡢ኱༙ࡀࠕᐑᘐࠖ࡜࠸࠺≉ᐃࡢᩥ໬⫼ᬒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⿵㊊ㄝ࡛᫂࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊTL㸦Target Language㸧ࡢど⫈⪅ࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ␗ᩥ໬⎔ቃ࡟㏆࡙ࡅࠊᐑᘐࢻ࣐ࣛ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢ≉ᚩࡸ࿡ࢃ࠸ࢆࡼࡾឤࡌࡸࡍ
ࡃࡉࡏࡿពᅗࡢ⾲ࢀࡔ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠕṔྐ⫼ᬒ࡛ࠖṔྐୖࡢฟ᮶஦࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊసရ㚷㈹ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࡢᒎ㛤࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎ࠾ࡼࡧᮇᚅࢆ SL㸦Source Language㸧ࡢど⫈⪅࡟㏆࠸ᙧ࡛ᚓࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
5㸬ὀࡢලయ౛ศᯒ
5.1 ே≀ᥦ♧
5.1.1 ྡ๓࡞࠸ࡋ㌟ศࢆᥦ♧➨ 4 ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡍ࡛࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀࡓ㏻ࡾࠊྜィ 425 ᅇࡶ㉳⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿὀࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ
3 ศࡢ 2 ࡀ 21 ேࡢே≀ᥦ♧࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏬㠃࡟Ⓩ
ሙࡍࡿே≀ࡀㄡ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆࠊྡ๓࡞࠸ࡋࡣ㌟ศ࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᩘከ
ࡃࡢⓏሙே≀࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ」㞧࡞ே㛫㛵ಀࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊど⫈⪅ࡀ⣲᪩ࡃ☜ᐇ࡟ࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࡢே≀タᐃࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ
࣮ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㌟ศࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃே≀࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢኚ໬࡜๓ᚋࡢᑐ↷㛵ಀࢆ᫂♧ࡍࡿᕤኵࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ௨ୗࠊ඾ᆺⓗ࡞౛ࢆᣲࡆ࡞ࡀࡽ⪃ᐹࢆຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡀࠊࡑࡢ㝿࡟ࠊὀࡢ⾲♧ෆᐜࢆࠕ㹼ࠖ㸦ฟ඾ 10 㸧࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࠊࡲࡓ“ĺ”ࢆ⏝࠸࡚➹⪅࡟ࡼࡿㄝ᫂࡞࠸ࡋ⪃ᐹࢆຍ࠼ࡿࠋࡼ࠺ࡏ࠸౛ 1㸸ձ ࠕ➨ᅄⓚᏊ㸦ࡢࡕࡢ㞥ṇ ᖇ㸧ࠖ 㸦㸯ヰ㸧
ĺ ➨ 1 ヰ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ➨ᅄⓚᏊࡀ஌㤿ጼ࡛ึⓏሙࡍࡿሙ㠃࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓὀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨ᅄⓚᏊ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᣓᘼෆ࡟ࠕࡢࡕࡢ㞥ṇᖇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇ
ࡢே≀ࡀᚋࡢᖇ⋤࡟࡞ࡿ㐠࿨࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆඛ࡟᫂♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊTT ど⫈⪅࡟ ST
ࡢど⫈⪅࡜㏆࠸▱㆑⫼ᬒࢆ୚࠼ࠊ௒ᚋࡢࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜᒎ㛤࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ㏆࠸ᮇᚅឤ࡜⌮ゎຊࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ



61
61

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14ྕ(2014)࠸ղ ࠕᛱ ぶ⋤㸦➨༑୕ⓚᘵ㸧ࠖ㸦26 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕᗮぶ⋤㸦ඵⓚᘵ㸧ࠖ㸦27 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕ஑ⓚᘵࠖ
㸦30 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕ༑ⓚᘵࠖ㸦27 ヰ㸧࡞࡝ĺ ➨ 25 ヰࡢᚋ༙ࡼࡾࠊ᫬௦ࡀኚࢃࡿࠋᗣ⇊ᖇ᫬௦࡟ࡣྛⓚᏊࡢ㌟ศࡀࠕ➨㹼ⓚᏊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ㞥ṇᖇࡢ༶఩࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᖇ⋤ࡢ඗ᘵ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠕ㸦➨㸧㹼ⓚᘵࠖ࡬࡜┦ᛂ࠸࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶὀ࡟࡚᫂♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࠕ ᛱ ぶ⋤㸦➨༑୕ⓚᘵ㸧ࠖ࡜ࠕᗮぶ⋤㸦ඵⓚᘵ㸧ࠖࡣࠊ㞥ṇᖇࡼࡾ≉ู࡟∖఩ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࠊྎモୖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣே≀㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ࡜♫఍ᆅ఩ࡢᕪ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ࡝ࡕࡽࡢ㌟ศࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࡢΰ஘ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊ୧᪉ࡢ㌟ศࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ὀࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊど⫈⪅ࡀྎモୖ࡟⌧ࢀࡿே≀㛫ࡢ࿧⛠ኚ໬࡟ᡞᝨ࠸࡞ࡃᐜ᫆࡟ࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡃຠᯝ
ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ
5.1.2 ࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼ࡛␗㉁ឤࢆ᫂♧᪥୰ࡣྠࡌ₎Ꮠᩥ໬ࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊே≀ࡢྡ๓ࢆᐜ᫆࡟ඖࡢࡲࡲಖ␃࡛ࡁࡿ
ࡀࠊ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣㄆ▱ᗘࡢప࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ₎Ꮠ࡟ࡣࡉࡽ࡟᣺ࡾ௬ྡࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿ㓄៖ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୍ぢྠࡌ₎Ꮠࡢྡ๓࡛ࡶࠊ᣺ࡾ௬ྡࡢ௜ࡅ᪉ࡀᚤጁ࡟㐪࠺࡜
ࡌࡷࡃࡂ

ࢀࢇ

ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⾲ 2 ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㏻ࡾࠊⱝ᭝ ࡸᗮ ぶ⋤ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊྡ๓࠾ࡼࡧⓚᖇ࡟ᑒࡌࡽࢀࡓ∖఩ྡ࡟ࡣ᣺ࡾ௬ྡࡀ௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢṤ࡝ࡀࡦࡽࡀ࡞࡛₎Ꮠࣟ ࣥ ࢥ ࢻࡢ㡢ㄞࡳࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࠕ㝯⛉ከ ࠖ㸦24 ヰ㸧ࡢࡳࡀ࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼ⾲♧࡛ࠊSL ࡟㏆࠸㡢ࢆ෌⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐪࠸ࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡑࡇ࡟ ࡣࠊࣟ ࣥ ࢥ ࢻ㝯⛉ከ ࡜࠸࠺Ṕྐୖᐇᅾࡋࡓே≀ࡀᮏ᮶‶ᕞ᪘࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ୰ᅜ࡟ࡣ₎Ẹ᪘ࡢ௚࡟ࠊ55 ࡢᑡᩘẸ᪘ࡀఫࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊẸ᪘ࡈ࡜࡟ྛ⮬ࡢゝㄒࠊᩥᏐࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋᐇ㝿࡟ࠊ‶ᕞ᪘࡛ࡣ‶ᕞㄒࡀ౑ࢃࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢᑡᩘẸ᪘ࡀ₎Ẹ᪘♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⮬ศࡢྡ๓ࢆᙜ࡚Ꮠ࡛₎Ꮠ࡟ヂࡋࣟ ࣥ ࢥ ࢻ࡚౑࠺ࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇࡢࠕ㝯⛉ከ ࠖࡀࡲࡉ࡟ࡑࡢ୍౛࡛࠶ࡾࠊඖࡢ㡢ࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲᘬ⥅ࡀࢀࠊ࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼ⾲♧࡛༊ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾྡ๓ࡢ≉Ṧᛶࡀ᫂♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓὀࡢ⣽࠿࠸ᕪ␗໬ࡢᕤኵ࡟ࡶࠊ␗ᩥ໬ࡢせ⣲ࢆ࡞ࡿ࡭ࡃ኱஦࡟ࡍࡃ࠸
ྲྀࡾ࡞ࡀࡽఏ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿពᅗࡀ❚࠼ࡿࠋ
5.2 ෆᐜᥦ♧ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣྎモࡢᏐᖥ⩻ヂ࡞࡝࡛ゝཬࡉࢀࡓ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓὀࢆᢅ࠺ࠋே≀ᥦ♧ࡣ⏬㠃ୖࡢே≀⮬య࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄝ࡛᫂࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊෆᐜᥦ♧ࡣࡑࢀ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊὀࢆ
௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿ㡯┠ࡀ࡯ࡰ 11 ゝㄒⓗ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ලయ౛ศᯒ࡛ࡣࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠕබ୺…
ⓚᖇࡢፉࡢࡇ࡜ࠖ㸦3 ᅇⓏሙࠊ2 ヰ࡟ึฟ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡲࡎὀࡀ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿ㡯┠ࢆ♧ࡋࡓᚋ࡟ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿὀࢆῧ࠼ࡿࠋሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ὀࡢᚋࢁ࡟ᣓᘼ࡛౑⏝ᅇᩘࢆ᫂♧ࡍ
ࡿࠋ



62
62

ࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗศᯒ5.2.1 ᐁ⫋ྡ࡜࿧⛠⾲ 3 ࡛♧ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾࠊᐁ⫋ྡ࡜࿧⛠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊෆᐜᥦ♧඲యࡢᘏ࡭ㄒᩘ࡜␗࡞ࡾㄒ
ᩘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ༙ᩘ௨ୖ࡜ 4 ศ 1 ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㧗࠸๭ྜ࠿ࡽࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ࡀᮅᘐ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍㛵ಀ࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ༑ศ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡀ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ලయⓗ࡟࡝ࢀ࡯࡝ὀࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊᅛ᭷ࡢ∖఩ྡモ࡜ࡋࢇࡋࢇᑡᩘࡢᐁ⫋ྡࡀࠕᑦ᭩…Ύ ௦ࡢᙺ⫋ࠖ㸦8 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕෆ㛶኱Ꮫኈ…Ύ ௦ࡢᐁ⫋ྡࠖ㸦9 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕ୍➼බ…∖఩ࡢ 1 ࡘࠖ㸦30 ヰ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ∖఩࡜ᐁ⫋ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࡳᥦ
♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ௨እ㸦౛ 2 ࢆཧ↷ࠊᣓᘼ࡟࡚ᅇᩘ࡜ึฟࢆᥦ♧ࡋࠊ1 ᅇࡢሙྜࡣฟ඾ࡢ
ࡳࠋ௨ୗྠᵝ㸧ࠊ኱༙ࡣࠕ஑㛛ᥦ╩…ᇛ㛛ࡢ㜵ᚚࢆᢸᙜࠖ
㸦25 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕྣ㒊ᑦ᭩…ே஦ࢆྖࡿ㛗ᐁࠖ
㸦33 ヰ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㌟ศ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫋࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⡆༢࡞ㄝ᫂ࡲ࡛ຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦౛ 3 ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕ㈅ີࠊᎠ⚟᫴ࠊഃ⚟᫴ࠊ⚟᫴ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓྎモୖ࡟㢖⦾࡟ฟ⌧ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣே≀ᥦ♧࡜ྠᵝࠊ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋὀࡀ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊே≀㛫࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ♫఍ᆅ఩ࡢᕪ
␗࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⌧ࢀࡿ⾜ືࡢ௙᪉㸦࠾㎡൤ࡸ♩࡞࡝㸧ࡸヰࡋ᪉㸦ᣵᣜ⏝ㄒ࡞࡝㸧ࡢ㐪࠸࡬ࡢ⌮ゎࡀࡼࡾ῝ࡲࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
౛ 2㸸ࠕ㈅ີ…Ύ௦ࡢ∖఩ࠖ㸦21ࠊ2 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕᖖౝ㑻…Ύ௦ࡢせ⫋ࠖ㸦3 ヰ㸧
౛ 3㸸ࠕᎠ⚟᫴…Ύ௦ࡢṇᐊࠖ㸦8ࠊ1 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕṌ㌷⤫㡿…㒔ࡢ㆙ᐹ⫋ࠖ㸦17 ヰ㸧
5.2.2 ♫఍୍⯡♫఍୍⯡࡛ᣓࡗ࡚ࡶᐇࡣ⠊ᅖࡀᗈࡍࡂࡿࠋࡑࡢୗ఩ศ㢮࡜ࡋ࡚᭦࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࡟ศࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟ྵࡵࡓ␗ᩥ໬ⓗ㡯┠ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ⩦័࣭㢼⩦ࠊᛮ᝿ࠊ♫఍ไᗘࠊฮἲࠊゝ࠸ఏ࠼ࠊゝⴥ࡞࡝࡜࠸ࡗࡓศ㔝࠿ࡽ 14 ࡶ␗࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀྲྀ
ࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋὀࡢ௜ࡅ᪉࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶලయⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≀࣭ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢ࠿ࡀヲࡋࡃ⿵㊊ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ≉࡟ࠊࡑࡢෆ 2 ࡘᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓ‶ᕞㄒࣟ ࣥ ࢥ ࢻࡢேྡࡶࡍ࡛࡟ே≀ᥦ♧࡛⪃ᐹࡉࢀࡓࠕ㝯⛉ከ ࠖ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ࢝ࢼ࢝ࢼ࡛᣺ࡾ௬ྡࡀ௜
ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୗ౛ 4 ࡟࡚࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ලయ౛ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ౛ 4㸸ࠕ᫓⫃…᫓⠇࡟㈞ࡿ⦕㉳ࡢⰋ࠸ᑐྃࡢᮐࠖ
㸦5 ヰ㸧ࠊ
ࠕඵ᪝…‶ᕞ᪘ࡀᒓࡍࡿ♫఍࣭
ࢧ

ࢫ

࣊

㌷஦㞟ᅋࠖ
㸦17 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕ෽㐜ฮ…⫗ࢆษࡾⴠ࡜ࡋṚ࡟⮳ࡽࡏࡿฮࠖ
㸦27 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕሰ ᛮ 㯮
…“༝᛼⪅”࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࠖ㸦35 ヰ㸧㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 1 ᅇࡢࡳ㸧
5.2.3 ⱁ⾡ ᫬௦๻ࡀ⌧௦๻࡜኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢭࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡸ⾰௨እ࡟ࠊྎモୖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᩥㄒᶆ㆑ࡸᅄᏐ⇍ㄒࠊリモ࡞࡝ࡢከ⏝࡛సࡾୖࡆࡓྂ௦㢼⾲⌧ࡀ௦⾲࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋᮏసရ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊྛ᫬௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ྡ࡞リモࡸྡྃࡀከࠎᘬ⏝ࡉࢀ



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ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14ྕ(2014)࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽྜィ 51 ⟠ᡤ㸦㏙࡭ㄒᩘ㸧ࡢヂฟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽ࡣ⣬㠃ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ᥦ♧ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀᙧᘧಖᣢࡢࡲࡲ࡛⩻ヂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀసရ඲యࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢෆࡢ 12 ⟠ᡤ㸦2 ๭㸧ࡢヂฟ࡟ὀࡀ௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣࠊ࡞ࡿ࡭
ࡃ୰ᅜࡢྂ඾ᩥ໬࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㔜せࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ▱㆑ࠊ≉࡟ᮏసရ࡟࠾࠸࡚ྡྎモ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ⩻ヂ⪅ࡢጼໃࡔ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࠊࡑࡢὀࡢ௜ࡅ᪉ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ࡯ࡰฟ඾ࡢࡳࡢᥦ♧࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢࠊヲࡋ࠸ព࿡ࡸ㚷㈹ࡲ࡛ࡣ↓⌮࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊฟ඾࡟㐺ᐅ᣺ࡾ௬ྡࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡅ࡛ࡶࠊ㛵ᚰࢆᐤࡏ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟ヲ⣽ࡀ࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ど⫈⪅࡟ࡣ༑ศ᳨⣴࡛ࡁࡿ౽ᐅࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ௨ୗࠊ౛ 5 ࡟࡚ලయ౛ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡃࠋࡑࡢ㝿㸺㸼࡟࡚ 1 ⏬㠃ࡢᏐᖥࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋヂฟୖࡢᙧᘧಖᣢࡢᑐẚࡢࡓࡵ࡟୰ᅜㄒཎᩥࡶᣓᘼෆ࡟ῧ࠼࡚࠾ࡃࠋ
౛ 5㸸
࠾ ࠺ ࠸

ձࠕ⋤⥔ ࡢリࠕ⤊༡ูᴗࠖࠖ㸦18 ヰ㸧㸺“⾜ࡁ࡚ࡣ⮳ࡿ Ỉᴟࡲࡿᡤ”㸼㸦⾜฿Ỉェ༴㸧㸺“ᗙࡋ࡚ぢࡿ 㞼㉳ࡇࡿ࡜ࡁ”㸼㸦ᆘ┳ப㉳ᰦ㸧ĺ ୺ேබࡢ⏨ዪ㸦➨ᅄⓚᏊ࡜ⱝ᭝㸧ࡢឡ᝟ࡢ㇟ᚩ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿྡ࡛ྃ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡃࡘࡆࢇղࠕᒅཎ ࠕ㞳㦁ࠖࡼࡾࠖ㸦21 ヰ㸧㸺“ኤ࡟⛅⳥ࡢⴠⱥࢆ㣗࠺” 㸼㸦ኤ㣶⛅⳥அⴠⱥ㸧ĺ ᗘࠎྎモ࡟Ⓩሙࡋࠊ㞥ṇᖇࡀ៿ࢀࡓே⏕ቃᆅࢆ⾲ࡍ୍࡛ྃ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊTT ഃࡢど⫈⪅࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ ST ど⫈⪅ࡢ⌮ゎ࡟㏆࡙ࡅ࡚సရࢆᴦࡋࢇ࡛ࡶ
ࡽ࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋᕤኵࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ஦౛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௨ୗ౛ 6 ࡟࡚ᥦ
♧ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡪࢇࡉ࠸

౛ 6㸸㸺“ᝰࡋࡴࡣ⛙ⓚ₎Ṋ ᩥ 㔗 ࡟ຎࡾ”㸼㸦ᝰ⛙ⓚ≹Ṋ ␎䗃ᩥ㔗㸧
ࡩ࠺ࡑ࠺

ࡺࡎ

㸺“၈᐀Ᏽ♽ 㢼㦁 ࡟㐯 ࡿ” 㸼㸦၈᐀Ᏽ♽ ⛮䘺仾僊㸧 ࡶ࠺ࡓࡃ࡜࠺

㸦ࡇࡇ࠿ࡽὀࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿ㸧ࠕẟἑᮾ ࠕỸᅬ᫓ 㞷ࠖࡼࡾࠖ㸦3 ヰ㸧࡚ࢇࡁࡻ࠺㸺“୍௦ࡢ ኳ 㦧  ࢳࣥࢠࢫ࣭ࣁࣥࡶ”㸼㸦୍௦ኳ傴 ᡂྜྷᛮờ㸧㸺“኱㞩ࢆᑕࡿࢆ▱ࡿࡢࡳ”㸼㸦ྈ䇶ᙃᘪᑕ኱㞩㸧㸺“ᕼ௦ࡢே≀ࢆᩘ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ”㸼㸦ಢ ▯ ᩘ仾ὶே≀㸧㸺“⌧⋤ᮅࢆぢࡼ”㸼㸦䘈┳௒ᮅ㸧ࡇࡇ࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓ౛ࡣࠊ୺ேබࡢⱝ᭝ࡀᗣ⇊ᖇ࡜ึᑐ㠃ࡋࡓ᫬࡟リࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡓሙ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋⓚᖇࡢᶵ᎘ࢆᦆ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡑ࠺࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊᗣ⇊ᖇ࡟ᑐࡍࡿホ౯ࡢゝⴥࡀồ



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64

ࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗศᯒࡵࡽࢀࠊ⪃࠼ࡓᮎࠊ୰ᅜ➨୍௦┠ࡢ୺ᖍ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟リே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿẟἑᮾ࡟ࡼࡿྡసရ࡛࠺ࡲࡃᑐᛂࡍࡿࠋ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊⓚᖇࡀⱝ᭝ࡢᡯ⬟࡟ឤᚰࡋࠊ
ᶵ᎘ࢆ┤ࡋ࡚〔⨾ࡲ࡛୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊSL ࡢど⫈⪅࡞ࡽࠊࡑࡢリࡀẟἑᮾࡢリ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄡ࡛ࡶ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡀ⌧௦ࡢリ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㐣ཤࡢ᫬௦ࡢᗣ⇊ᖇࡣึ⪥࡛ឤᚰࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࠊࢱ࢖࣒ࢫࣜࢵࣉ࡜࠸࠺タᐃ࠿ࡽࡃࡿࢺࣜࢵࢡࡔ
࡜ࡍࡄ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ TT ࡛ࡣࠊ㏵୰࠿ࡽリࡀၐ࠼⤊ࢃࡿࡲ࡛ࠊࢫࢡ࣮ࣜ
ࡶ࠺ࡓࡃ࡜࠺

ࣥࡢ➃࡟࡚ࠕẟἑᮾ ࠕỸᅬ᫓ 㞷ࠖࡼࡾࠖ࡜ὀࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ఏ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿጼໃࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊẟἑᮾࡀリࢆ᭩ࡁṧࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊST ࡢཷᐜ⪅࡜ྠࡌ⌮ゎࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡏࡗ࠿ࡃ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢᥦ♧࡜ࡋ࡚ὀࢆධࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ୓ࡀ୍ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ഛ࠼ࠊࡶ࠺୍ᕤኵࡋ࡚౛࠼ࡤ
ࡶ࠺ࡓࡃ࡜࠺

ࠕ⌧௦リேẟἑᮾ ྡసࠕỸᅬ᫓ 㞷ࠖࡼࡾࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᭦࡟ヲ⣽ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ࡼࡾࡼ࠸ຠᯝࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
௨ୖࠊⱁ⾡ࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟リモࡸᩥᏛసရ࡟㛵ࡍࡿὀࡀᅽಽⓗ࡞๭ྜࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡀࠊṔ௦ࡢⓚᖇ࡟㈹㈶ࡉࢀࡿྡ⏬࡟㛵ࡍࡿὀࡶ୍⟠ᡤ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࡶ⤮ࡢෆᐜࡀ⿵㊊ࡉࢀࠊᴟຊど㔝ࢆᗈࡆ࡚␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿດຊࡔ࡜ホ౯࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ౛ 7㸸ࠕ⪔⧊ᅗ…✄స࡜㣴⺋ࢆᥥࡁⓚᖇ࡟⊩ୖࡉࢀࡓ⏬㞟ࠖ㸦21 ヰ㸧ࡇ࠺ࡋࡻࡃࡎ

ĺࡇࢀࡣᗣ⇊ᖇࡢྎモࡢᏐᖥ㸺ࠕ⪔⧊ᅗ ࠖ࡟ఝ࡚࠾ࡽࢇ࠿㸽㸼࡟ᑐࡍࡿὀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
5.2.4 ே≀ Ṕྐୖᐇᅾࡋࡓே≀ࡸఏㄝୖࡢே≀ࡶࠊ఍ヰࡢ୰࡛ᩘከࡃゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㝈ࡾ࡛ 73 ྡ㸧ࠋࡑࡢෆࠊྜィ 10 ྡࡀ 11 ᅇὀ࡛⿵㊊ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋෆヂࢆࢯ࢚ࢺࡡࢇ࣭ ࡇ ࠺ ࡂࡻ࠺ࡇ࠺ࢀࡁぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ⣴㢠ᅗ ࣭࢞ࣝࢲ࣭ࣥ ᖺ ⩘ ሕ ࣭ᘯ ᬺ ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜㐍ᒎ࡟┤᥋㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㔜せᗘࡢ㧗࠸ෆᐜࡀ࡯ࡰ༙ᩘࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࡑࡢ࡯࠿ࠊࡌࡻ࠺ ࠾ ࠺ࡁࡹ࠺ࡐࢇ࠿ࡃ

ࡇ࠺ࡩࡘ

ࡅ࠸࣭ࡇ࠺

ࡁࡹ࠺ ࡋ ࡻ ࡁ

ࡇ

࡯

ࢫ

࣐

ࣛ

ࢢ

ᴆࡢ 〴 ⋤ ࣭⹹ 㧪 ᐈ ࡜⣚ᡶ ࣭ ✍ ᗣ ࣭ ୣ ฎ ᶵ ࣭዁ ∗ ࣭⸽㯞ႁጡ ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୺࡟⩻ヂ⪅⮬㌟ࡢ⮬୺ุ᩿࡟ࡼࡾࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐪࠺㡿ᇦ࠿ࡽྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶
ࡿࠋὀࡢෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊே≀ࡢ㌟ศࡸຌ⦼ࠊ⤖ᮎࠊฟ඾ࠊே≀࡟⧳ࢃࡿ᫬௦⫼ᬒ࡞
࡝ᵝࠎ࡞ゅᗘ࠿ࡽ࡜ࡾࢃࡅヲࡋ࠸ㄝ᫂ࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ୰ᅜᩥ໬࡟࠾࠸୍࡚⯡ᩍ㣴࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜୖ㔜せࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿෆᐜ࡜
ࡑࢀ௨እࡢಶࠎࡢヂฟࡀࣂࣛࣥࢫࡼࡃ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ࡀ⩻ヂ᫬࡟࠾࠸୍࡚ᐃࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ἢࡗ࡚⬟ືⓗ࡟ືࡃጼໃ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾᚓࡼ࠺ࠋ௨
ୗ౛ 8 ࡟࡚௦⾲౛ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࢀࡁ

ࡅࢇࡾࡹ࠺

౛ 8㸸ࠕᘯ ᬺ …ḟᮇⓚᖇ ஝ 㝯 ᖇࠖ㸦29 ヰ㸧ࡅ࠸࣭ࡇ࠺ࠕ ✍ ᗣ …㨯ࡢᩥே࡛➉ᯘࡢ୐㈼ேࡢ୍ேࠖ㸦5 ヰ㸧



65
65

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14ྕ(2014)

5.2.5 ᶵ㛵ྛᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᨻᗓࡢᶵ㛵タ⨨ࡣከᑡ␗࡞ࡿࡀࠊ኱᢬⫋⬟ࡀඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊㛛ࡀከࡃࠊࡲࡓ᪥୰㛫࡛ࡣྠࡌ₎Ꮠᩥ໬ࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ᐇ㝿࡟ྡ⛠ࡢᥦ♧ࡢࡳ࡛ᐜ᫆࡟≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿሙ
ྜࡀከࡃ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮏసရࡢ᫬௦⫼ᬒ࡛࠶ࡿΎᮅ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ≧ἣࡀ㐪ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
ࡑࢀࡽࡢ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆ⩻ヂࡍࡿ᫬࡟ࠊศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃ┦ᛂࡍࡿ⌧௦ࡢゝ࠸᪉࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼
ࡿࡢࡶ 1 ࡘࡢ᪉ἲࡔࡀࠊᮏసရ࡛ࡣࠊ₎Ꮠࢆ」෗ࡋ࡚᭦࡟ὀ࡛ᶵ㛵⫋⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⿵㊊ࢆຍ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ␗ᩥ໬ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ఏ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿᡭἲࡀྲྀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ≉ᚩ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋே≀ᥦ♧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋὀࢆ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡀࠊཝࡋ࠸ไ㝈ࡢ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛⥙⨶ⓗ࡟୺せ࡞ᶵ㛵ྡ㸦♩㒊ࠊฮ㒊ࠊ㆟ᨻฎࠊᕤ㒊ࠊර㒊ࠊᡞ㒊ࠊྣ㒊ࠊౝ㒊㸧ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ༑ศ␗ᩥ໬஺ὶࢆᅗࡿጼໃ࡜ࡋ࡚ホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ௨ୗࠊ௦⾲౛ࢆ౛ 9 ࡟࡚ᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ
౛ 9㸸ࠕฮ㒊…ྖἲࢆྖࡿࠖ㸦3ࠊ7 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕᡞ㒊…㈈ᨻࢆྖࡿࠖ㸦16 ヰ㸧
5.2.6 ᆅྡ࡜ሙᡤ ࡍ࡛࡟ 5.2.4 ࡛⪃ᐹࡉࢀࡓ㏻ࡾࠊே≀ࡣẚ㍑ⓗྛ㡿ᇦࡼࡾࣂࣛࣥࢫࡼࡃྲྀࡾධࢀࡽ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊᆅྡ࡜ሙᡤࡢ㡯┠࡛ࡣࠊᐑᘐ㛵ಀࠊ≉࡟ⓚᖇ࡟⧳ࢃࡿせ⣲ࡀ㔜Ⅼⓗ࡟⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ஝Ύᐑ࣭㣴ᚰẊࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊసရ
࠿ࡃࡽࡃࡢ᫬௦⫼ᬒ࡛ᗣ⇊ᖇ࠾ࡼࡧ㞥ṇᖇࡀ᪥ᖖⓗ࡟᭱ࡶ⥭ᐦ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿሙᡤࡸࠊỌ࿴ᐑ࣭㒌 ⤡ࡽ⨶ ᗓࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜୖࡼࡃ⌧ࢀࡿⓚ᪘ࡓࡕࡢఫᒃᆅࠊኳቭࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐑᘐᩥ໬࡟
࠾࠸࡚౯್ࡢ㧗࠸ྡᡤ࡞࡝ࡀពᅗⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ CBD ࡜࠸࠺⌧௦⾲⌧ࡸࠊ኱ᰙḍ࡜࠸࠺໭ிࡢ᭷ྡ࡞ၟᗑ⾤ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࠊΎᮅ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⌧௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ୰ᅜࡢᨻ἞ᩥ໬⤒῭ࡢ୰ᚰᆅ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࠿ࡘ TL ഃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄆ▱ᗘ࡜㛵ᚰᗘࡀ㧗࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ໭ி࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅど⫈⪅࡟ఏ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ␗ᩥ໬ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ
࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢጼໃࡀ❚࠼ࡿࠋ௨ୗ௦⾲౛ࢆ౛ 10 ࡟࡚ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ
౛ 10㸸ࠕ஝Ύᐑ…ⓚᖇࡢᐷྎ࡜ᇳົᐊࠖ
㸦3ࠊ6 ヰ㸧ࠊ
ࠕCBD…໭ிࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫ୰ᚰᆅࠖ
㸦1ヰ㸧
5.2.7 Ṕྐ⫼ᬒ ୍ᐃࡢᐇᅾࡋࡓṔྐ⫼ᬒ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚సࡽࢀࡓど⫈ぬసရ࡛ࡣࠊST ど⫈⪅ࡀ⌮ゎ࡟ᚲせ࡞⫼ᬒ▱㆑ࢆᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ๓ᥦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊTT ど⫈⪅ࡣ≉ᐃࡢ⫼ᬒࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽ ST ど⫈⪅࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞㚷㈹య㦂ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅᇙࡵࡿᕤኵ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⩻ヂ⪅࡟ࡼࡿṔྐ⫼ᬒ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
ὀࡀ 8 ⟠ᡤ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋὀࡢヲ⣽ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡀࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜᵓᡂୖ࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ᡭ᥃࠿ࡾ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿⓚ఩த࠸࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢෆࠊṔྐୖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᭷ྡ࡛
࠶ࡿࡇࡢⓚ఩த࠸஦௳ࢆ⾲ࡍ⾲⌧ࠕ஑⋤ዣᎠࠖࡢ⏝ㄒㄝ᫂ࡀ௜ࡅࡽࢀ㸦౛ 11 ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠊ



66
66

ࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗศᯒࡑࢀ௨እ࡟ࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢⓚᏊࡓࡕࡀⓚ఩ࢆࡵࡄࡿத࠸࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤖ᮎ࡟⧅ࡀࡗࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠺⫼ᬒࡀ⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୗ౛ 12 ࡟࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢὀࡀ㉳⏝ࡉࢀࡿලయⓗ࡞ሙ㠃ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡇ ࠺ ࡁ

౛ 11㸸ࠕ஑⋤ዣᎠ…ⓚᏊ࡟ࡼࡿᗣ⇊ ᖇࡢᚋ⥅⪅த࠸ ຾⪅ࡣ➨ᅄⓚᏊࠖ㸦1 ヰ㸧
ࡼ࠺ࡏ࠸

ࡅࢇࡾࡹ࠺

౛ 12㸸ࠕ㞥ṇ ᖇ࡟ࡼࡾ⊹࡟⧅ࡀࢀࡿࠖࠊࠕᗃ㛢ᚋ ఱ⪅࠿࡟ẘẅࡉࢀࡿࠖࠊࠕ ஝ 㝯 ᖇ༶఩ࡲ࡛㌾⚗ࡉࢀࡿࠖࠊࠕ⊹࡟⧅ࡀࢀ ኻពࡢ࠺ࡕṚஸࠖ㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 2 ヰ㸧
ĺ ➨ 2 ヰ࡛ࠊ➨༑ⓚᏊࡢᑑᐗࢆ⚃࠸࡟ⓚᏊࡓࡕࡀ㞟ࡲࡿሙ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ஑⋤ዣᎠࠖ࡜࠸࠺ⓚ఩த࠸࡛㈇ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ➨ඵ࣭஑࣭༑࣭༑ᅄⓚᏊ࡟ࢡ࣮ࣟࢬ࢔ࢵࣉ࣭ࢩࣙࢵ
ࢺࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ‶㠃ࡢ➗㢦ࡀᫎࡿࢩ࣮ࣥ࡜ࡑࡢᚋࡢ⤖ᮎࡢⓑ㯮ࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡀ஺஫࡟ษ
ࡾ᭰ࢃࡾࠊྠ᫬࡟ὀ࡟࡚⿵㊊ࡉࢀࡿࠋᩥᏐࡢࡳࡢᑠㄝ࡜␗࡞ࡾࠊど⫈ぬసရ࡛ࡣᫎീ
࡛ሙ㠃ࡢษࡾ᭰࠼ࡀᑐẚຠᯝࢆ⏕ࡳࠊࡇࡢ୍㐃ࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡣࠊ୍▐⌧ࢀࡿࠕ࿴ࠖ࡜㐠࿨ࡢࠕ൹ࡉࠖࡀᑐẚࡉࢀ࡚どぬⓗ࡟ᙉ࠸࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆᣢࡘࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡢ୰࡛ࠊTT
ど⫈⪅࡟ὀ࡛ᩥᏐㄝ᫂ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿヨࡳࡣࠊST ど⫈⪅࡜࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟సရࢆᴦ
ࡋࢇ࡛ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵࡢ㠀ᖖ࡟᭷ຠ࡞⟇ࡔ࡜ホ౯࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ
5.2.8 ࡑࡢ௚௨ୖࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀձᐁ⫋ྡ࡜࿧⛠ࠊղ♫఍ࠊճⱁ⾡ࠊմே≀ࠊյᶵ㛵ࠊնᆅྡ࡜ሙᡤࠊ
շṔྐ⫼ᬒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢ౑⏝ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࡶࠊոࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㡯┠࡟ศ㢮ࡋࡓὀࡢ౑⏝౛ࡀ 4 ࡘ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀࠊ
ࠕ㬅⾑⋢…㬅ตࡢ⾑ࡀᒾ࡟ᰁࡲࡾ࡛
ࡁࡓ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿఏㄝࡢ⋢ࠖ㸦5 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕ⹡᮫Ⲕ…ࡴࡃࡳ࣭ᢠ⳦స⏝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ㸦17 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕ㢼‵⑓…‵Ẽࡀయෆ࡟ࡇࡶࡾᝏ໬ࡍࡿ⑓Ẽࠖ
㸦21 ヰ㸧ࠊࠕᑠ㖹…Ẹ㛫࡛㗪㐀ࡋࡓ㈌ᖯࠖ
㸦22ヰ㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊᩘࡀ࠿࡞ࡾ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ๭࡟ࠊ஫࠸࡟␗࡞ࡗࡓศ㔝࠿ࡽྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࠾Ⲕࡸ་Ꮫ࡞࡝᪥ᮏᩥ໬࡟኱࠸࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢಶࠎ
ࡢヂฟ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྲྀᤞ㑅ᢥ࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜࡀ༙ࠎ࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣ 5.2.4 ࡛ࡍ࡛࡟⪃ᐹࡉࢀࡓே≀࡟㛵ࡍࡿὀ࡜അ↛࡟ࡶ୍⮴ࡋࠊࡑࡇ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺
࡞⌧㇟ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶぢ࡞ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
6. ⪃ᐹ
6.1 ὀ࠿ࡽࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ࡬ ゝⴥࡣᩥ໬ࡢ㸯ࡘ࡛ࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢᩥ໬ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࠕᑠㄝࡸリࠊḷࠊ๻࡞࡝ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ᙧ࡛ゝⴥࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊࡑࢀࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜࡞ࡿᩥ໬ࡀ❚࠼ࡿࠖ
㸦Akbari, 2013:13㸧ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ⩻ヂࡣ༢࡟ពᛮ␯㏻ࢆ⾜࠺ࢥ࣮ࢻኚ᥮㐣⛬ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡃࠊ␗ᩥ໬㛫஺ὶࡢᙺ๭ࡶᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟㉳Ⅼᩥ໬࡟ࡋ࠿࡞࠸≉᭷ࡢᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆ࠸࠿࡟┠ᶆഃࡢཷᐜ⪅࡟ఏ࠼ࡿ࠿ࡣ⩻ヂࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸㞴Ⅼࡢ 1 ࡘ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᏐᖥ⩻ヂ࡛ࡣ᫬㛫࣭✵㛫ୖࡢไ⣙ࢆཷࡅࡿࡓ

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ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14ྕ(2014)ࡵࠊಶࠎࡢゝⴥࡼࡾࡶ඲యࡢࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀඃඛࡉࢀࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡟๐㝖ࡸᨵኚࠊจ⦰࡞࡝ࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡼࡾࠊඖࡢྎモࡀ୍㒊ኻࢃࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞ཝࡋ࠸≧ἣࡢ୰࡛ࠊᮏసရ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀ㸦≉࡟␗ᩥ໬せ⣲࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸧ࡢከ⏝࡟ࡣࠊ␗ᩥ໬ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏐᖥ∧సᡂ⪅ࡢጼໃࡀᙉࡃ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜
ゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊὀࡢෆヂࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊど⫈⪅ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ᪩࠸ẁ㝵࡛సရࡢୡ⏺࡟㥆ᰁࡳࠊࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊⓏሙே≀࡜ᐑᘐ࡟⧳ࢃࡿせ⣲ࢆ୺࡟ᥦ♧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ TL ཷᐜ⪅࡬ࡢ㓄៖ࡀ❚࠼ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ኱㔞ࡢὀࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡚ࠊTL ཷᐜ⪅ࢆ㉳Ⅼᩥ໬࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ㏆࡙ࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺ጼໃࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇ
࠺ࡋࡓὀࡢ௜ࡅ᪉࠿ࡽ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ∧సᡂࡢࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࠕ ពᛮ␯㏻ࢆ
኱๓ᥦ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊTL ど⫈⪅࡟ࠊ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠊ࠿ࡘ SL ど⫈⪅࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ㏆࠸⌮ゎ࡜ᮇᚅ࡛ᴦࡋࡵࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊᐑᘐࡀ⫼ᬒ࡜࡞ࡿ≉Ṧ࡞ᩥ໬ୡ⏺ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢᆒ⾮ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ
6.2 ὀࡢ≉ᚩ
 4 ⠇࡛సရ⩻ヂ᫬ࡢࢫࢥ࣏ࢫࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ5 ⠇࡛ලయⓗ࡞౛ࢆ⏝࠸࡞ࡀࡽ᳨ドࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊὀࡀ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿෆᐜ࠾ࡼࡧὀࡢ௜ࡅ᪉ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ࠊ㸯ࡘࡢ኱ࡁ࡞≉ᚩࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊே≀ᥦ♧ࡸෆᐜᥦ♧ࡢ୰ࡢᐁ⫋ྡ࣭࿧⛠࡞࡝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋὀࡀ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿ㡯┠ࡀከࡃ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏐᖥ
⩻ヂ࡜࠸࠺ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜Ꮠᩘࡀཝࡋࡃไ㝈ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣࡢ୰࡛ࠊὀࢆ㉳⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜⮬యࣜࢫࢡࡀ㧗࠸࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎὀࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᭦࡟␗౛ࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋࡇ
ࢀࡣఱࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ↓ㄽࠊே≀ᥦ♧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ」㞧࡞ே≀タᐃࢆ⪃៖ࡋࠊ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋὀࢆධࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ど⫈⪅࡟ࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡁࡸࡍ࠸⎔ቃࢆసࡿពᅗࡶ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࡀࠊ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆࡓࡔ༢࡟⤂௓ࡍࡿ⛬ᗘ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡃࠊᐁ⫋ྡࡸ࿧⛠ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᵝࠎ࡟࠶ࡿ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲㡯┠ࡢ୰࡛㔜Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆࡇ
ࡢ୍▐࡟ࡋ࡚ὶࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ▷࠸᫬㛫ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋὀࢆ௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡛ࡁ
ࡿࡔࡅࡇࡢሙ࡛ど⫈⪅ࡢ༳㇟࡟ṧࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ጼໃ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㔜Ⅼⓗ࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿὀ௨እ࡛ࡣࠊ⤂௓⛬ᗘ࡟ゐࢀࡿࡔࡅࡢὀࡢ㡯┠ࡣከᒱ࡟Ώࡿศ㔝࠿ࡽࣂࣛࣥࢫࡼࡃྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋὀࡢෆᐜ࡜௜ࡅ᪉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢ
࣓ࣜࣁࣜࡶ⩻ヂ᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢫࢥ࣏ࢫࡢ㸯ࡘࡢ⌧ࢀ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
7. ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟
ど⫈ぬ⩻ヂࡣᩥᏛ࡞࡝ࡢ⩻ヂ࡜ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡾࠊ᫬㛫࣭✵㛫ไ㝈ࢆጞࡵࠊᵝࠎ࡞ไ⣙ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊཎసࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࢆ TT ཷᐜ⪅࡟ఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ฿ᗏ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡀᵝࠎ࡟⧊ࡾ࡞ࡉࢀࡓసရࡢሙྜࠊ⩻ヂࡣ୍ᒙᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊど⫈ぬ⩻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚㏻ᖖ࡞ࡽ౑⏝ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿὀ࡜࠸࠺⩻ヂᡭἲࡀࠊ୰ᅜᐑᘐ
ࢻ࣐ࣛࠗṌṌ㦫ᚰ࠘࡟኱㔞࡟┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎ㔞ⓗศᯒ࡟ࡼࡾ

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ࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗศᯒὀࢹ࣮ࢱ඲యࡢ౑⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿ඲యⓗഴྥࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊὀࡢศᕸࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟
ࡋࠊࡑࡋ࡚ὀࡢ౑⏝ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ࡟⧅ࡀࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࠋ௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ
ୖ࡛ࠊලయ౛ศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢศ㢮ࡈ࡜࡟ὀࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀࠊࡑࢀ
ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຠᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡢ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࠊ௨ୗࡢ⤖ㄽࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡲࡎ㔞ⓗศᯒ࡟ࡼࡾࠊே≀ᥦ♧ࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ8 ศ㢮࡟ศ࠿ࢀࡿෆᐜ
ᥦ♧࡟㛵ࡍࡿὀࡀ඲యࡢഴྥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀᆒ⾮࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛ࠊసရࡢ
኱ࡁ࡞≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿᐑᘐせ⣲࡟㔜Ⅼࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ஧Ⅼ࠿ࡽࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ࡀ⩻ヂ᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢫࢥ࣏ࢫࢆࠕពᛮ␯㏻ࢆ኱๓ᥦ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊTL ど⫈⪅࡟ࠊ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠊ࠿ࡘ SL ど⫈⪅࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ㏆࠸⌮ゎ࡜ᮇᚅ࡛ᴦࡋࡵࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟ࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡜ࠊᐑᘐࡀ⫼ᬒ࡜࡞ࡿ≉Ṧ࡞ᩥ໬ୡ⏺ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢᆒ⾮ࢆᅗࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
࡟㛵㐃࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊὀࡢ௜ࡅ᪉࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊே≀ᥦ♧࡟࠾࠸࡚≉࡟ᅛ᭷ྡモࡢሙྜ᣺ࡾ௬ྡࡀ௜
ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃࠊ᭦࡟࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ SL ᩥ໬ࡢ୰࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡶ␗ᩥ໬࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㒊ศࢆ㝿❧ࡓࡏࡿヨࡳࡶ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊෆᐜᥦ♧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅヲࡋ࠸ㄝ᫂ࡲ࡛ఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ኱༙ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊⱁ
⾡ࡢ㡯┠࡛ࡣฟ඾ࡢࡳࡢᥦ♧࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ᭦࡞ࡿ᳨⣴࡟ᚲせ࡞᝟ሗࢆ༑ศᥦ౪࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ホ౯࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊὀࡀ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿᑐ㇟ࡢ㑅ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
ᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࠿ࡽ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡀ⥙⨶ⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜ⮬య࡟┤᥋㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊసရ㚷㈹࡟㔜せࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿせ⣲ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᐑᘐࡢ୰ᚰ࡟࠶ࡿⓚᖇ࣭ⓚ᪘࡟⧳ࢃࡿせ⣲࡟㔜Ⅼࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊࡑࢀ௨እ
ࡢಶࠎࡢヂฟ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྲྀᤞ㑅ᢥ࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚㑅ࡤࢀࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿせ⣲ࡶ୍ᐃࡢẚ౛ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ࡀ⩻ヂ᫬࡟࠾࠸୍࡚ᐃࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ἢࡗ࡚⬟ືⓗ࡟ືࡃጼໃࡶලయ౛
ศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ド᫂ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋTahir Gürça÷lar㸦2011㸧ࡸ Toledano Buendía㸦 2013㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊᬑẁከࡃࡢሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ ST ࡜ TT ࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⩻ヂ⪅ࡢጼࡀࠊὀ
ࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ TT ࡜ TT ཷᐜ⪅㛫࡛ᩥ໬㛫ࡢ௰௓⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ྍど໬ࡉࢀࠊど⫈⪅࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ὀ࡛ᑐヰࡍࡿᙧ࡛୧ୡ⏺ࢆ⧅ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃᙺ๭ࡀᯝࡓࡉࢀࡿࠋᮏ✏᳨࡛ドࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡶࡲࡉ࡟ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㸯ࡘࡢ౛ド࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⾜Ⅽ୺య⪅㸦agent㸧ࡢከᵝᛶࡢၥ㢟ࡶࡲࡓ␃ពࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Tahir Gürça÷lar, 2011:115㸧ࠋὀ࡜࠸࠺⩻ヂᡭἲࡢ౑⏝࡜ఱ࡟ὀࢆ௜ࡅࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ỵᐃࡣࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ಶேࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㛵୚⪅㸦ฟ∧♫ࡸ⦅㞟⪅࡞࡝㸧ࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ኱࠸࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⩻ヂ᫬ࡢุ᩿࡟ࡣ୍ᐃࡢ⩻ヂつ⠊ࡸไᗘ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ⪃៖࡟ධࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲࡟ᅇࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊὀࡀᏐᖥ඲య࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ാࡁࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋලయ౛ศᯒ࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀࡓ㏻ࡾࠊ᫬㛫࣭✵㛫࡞࡝ࡢไ㝈࡟ࡼࡾᏐᖥୖ࡛ఏ࠼ࡁࢀ࡞࠸␗ᩥ໬
ࢆὀ࡟࡚኱࠸࡟⿵㊊࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊᮏసရࢆࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟㚷㈹࣭⌮ゎࡍࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿᐑᘐᩥ໬ࡸ᫬௦⫼ᬒ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊTL ど⫈⪅࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ SL ど⫈⪅࡟㏆࠸⌮ゎ࡜ᮇᚅࢆᣢࡓࡏࡿຠᯝࡶ኱࠸࡟ᘬࡁฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜

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ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14ྕ(2014)⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ≉࡟ࠊ5.2.7 ࡢṔྐ⫼ᬒ࡛⪃ᐹࡉࢀࡓ㏻ࡾࠊど⫈ぬసရࡢ฼Ⅼࢆ࠺ࡲࡃ฼⏝ࡋࡓ௦⾲౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᫎീ࠾ࡼࡧὀࡢ⼥ྜ࡛ど⫈⪅࡟࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆ୚࠼ࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ
ぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ ௨ୖࠊ௒ᅇࡢศᯒ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ㄽ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ၥ㢟Ⅼ࡜ㄢ㢟ࡶぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
ᵝࠎ࡞ไ⣙ࡀ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿど⫈ぬ⩻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊὀࡢ౑⏝ࡣ␲࠸࡞ࡃ኱࠸࡟᝟ሗ⿵㊊ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡏࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ࡀᴟຊఏ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࡣࠊ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ᫬㛫࣭✵㛫ࡢ୰୍࡛య࡝ࢀ࡯࡝ TT ど⫈⪅࡟ᒆ࠸ࡓ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄪᰝࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓὀࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ㝿ࡢ㚷㈹ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ࡣど⫈⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡢຓࡅ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㈇Ⲵࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾ㐣ࡂ࡚࠿࠼ࡗ࡚ᨭ㞀࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠿࡜
࠸ࡗࡓഃ㠃࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ௒ᅇࡢศᯒࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶಶู
ࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࢫࢱࢹ࢕࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊỴࡋ࡚ど⫈ぬ⩻ヂ඲⯡࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀ౑⏝ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡢド᫂࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋὀࡢᚲせᛶ࠾ࡼࡧᐇຠᛶࡣ᪥୰ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㢮ఝᛶࡢ㧗࠸ゝㄒ࣌࢔࡟㝈ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᫬௦๻ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከࡃࡢ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡸ᫬௦⫼ᬒࢆ≉ᚩ࡜ࡍࡿ≉ᐃศ㔝࡟㝈ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊὀࡀど⫈ぬసရ඲⯡࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇ㝿࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟౑
⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ᭦࡞ࡿ◊✲ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
.............................................................................
࠙ⴭ⪅⤂௓ࠚ㒯 㞜ኳ㸦Zheng Yantian㸧⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫᅜ㝿ᩥ໬Ꮫ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ᅾᏛ୰ࠋ◊✲᪉ྥࡣᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗ⩻ヂ࠾ࡼࡧど⫈ぬ⩻ヂࠋ୺࡟᪥୰㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏐᖥ⩻ヂ◊✲࡟ᚑ஦ࠋ...................................................................................

࠙ὀࠚ
1㏆ᖺど⫈ぬ⩻ヂࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ศ㔝࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࣇ࢓ࣥࢧࣈ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊὀࡢ
౑⏝ࡀከࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࣇ࢓ࣥࢧࣈ⩻ヂ࡜ࡣࠊ࢔࣐ࢳࣗ࢔࡟ࡼࡿ㠀බᘧࡢᏐᖥసᡂཬࡧ
ᫎ⏬ࠊࢸࣞࣅ࣭ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࠊ࢔ࢽ࣓ࢆ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥ㓄ಙࡍࡿᐇ㊶ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔
ࡢⓎ㐩ࠊ≉࡟ P2P ㏻ಙ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿࣇ࢓࢖ࣝඹ᭷ᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎ㸦Bayar 2012:5㸧࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㣕㌍ⓗ࡞ᡂ㛗ࢆᡂࡋ㐙ࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆసࡿ୺యࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠗᏐᖥ㓴࠘࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣇ࢓ࣥࢧࣈࡣࠊᏐᩘไ㝈ࡀ⦆ࡃ(Bogucki, 2009:50)ࠊࡲࡓࠊసࡾᡭࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ
࡝ⱝ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㏻ᖖࡢᏐᖥ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿࡞࠿ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ヂฟࠊ≉࡟ὶ⾜ㄒࡸⱝ⪅ゝⴥ࡞࡝ࡢ౑⏝ࡀ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊⴭసᶒ౵ᐖ࡞࡝ࠊἲⓗ࡟␲ࢃࡋ࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡸ೔⌮ⓗၥ㢟(Díaz Cintas & Muñoz Sánchez 2006; Hatcher 2005)ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࣇ࢓ࣥࢧࣈ࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ῝ࡃゝཬࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⯆࿡῝࠸ࢸ࣮࣐ࡢ 1 ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ◊✲ࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ

2

Gambier (2013:49-52) ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊど⫈ぬ⩻ヂࡀ␗ゝㄒ㛫Ꮠᖥ㸦Subtitling㸧ࠊ஧࢝ᅜㄒᏐᖥ(Bilingual Subtitling)ࠊྠ୍ゝㄒෆᏐᖥ㸦⫈ぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝Ꮠᖥ࡞࡝㸧ࠊ྿ࡁ᭰࠼(Dubbing)ࠊ
࢛ࣜ࣎࢖ࢫ࢖ࣥࢢ(Revoicing)ࠊ࣎࢖ࢫ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮(Voice-over)ࠊ⯙ྎᏐᖥ(Surtitling)࡜࠸ࡃ

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ࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗศᯒࡘ࠿ࡢ✀㢮࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᏐᖥ࡜྿ࡁ᭰࠼ࡀど⫈ぬ⩻ヂࡢ୺ὶᙧែ࡜
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
3

᝟ሗ※ࠗᐑᘐዪᐁ ⱝ᭝㸦ࢪࣕࢡࢠ㸧࠘බᘧࢧ࢖ࢺ 㜀ぴ᪥㸸2013 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 10 ᪥
http://www.bubujingxin.net 㸦୰ᅜㄒබᘧ∧㸧
http://jyakugi.com (᪥ᮏㄒබᘧ∧)http://www.bs-j.co.jp/jyakugi/index.html (BS ࢪࣕࣃࣥ∧)4†༡┬ࡢ⾨ᫍ TV ᒁ࡛ࡣࠊ⦰⣙ࡉࢀ࡚⊂⮬࡟ 40 ヰ࡟⦅㞟ࡉࢀᨺ㏦ࡉࢀࡓࠋDVD ∧ࡼࡾෆᐜࡀᑡࡋ࢝ࢵࢺࡉࢀࡓࡽࡋ࠸ࡀࠊࡲࡔ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊྜィ᫬㛫ࡶࠊ௒࡛ࡣㄪ࡭┤ࡋࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ

5᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥࡣᮏከ⏤ᯞ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ

6࣌ࢲ࣮ࢭࣥࡣ ERC ࢆ௨ୗࡢ 12 㡿ᇦ࡟ศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸸ձ Weights and measure㸦 ᗘ㔞⾮㸧ࠊղ Proper names㸦ᅛ᭷ྡモ㸧ࠊճ Professional titles㸦⫋ᴗୖࡢᙺ⫋ྡ㸧ࠊմ Food andbeverages㸦ᩱ⌮ཬࡧ㓇㢮㸧ࠊյ Literature㸦ᩥᏛ㸧ࠊն Government㸦 ᨻᗓ㸧ࠊշ Entertainment㸦ፗᴦ㸧ࠊո Education㸦ᩍ⫱㸧ࠊչ Sports㸦ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㸧ࠊպ Currency㸦㏻㈌㸧ࠊջ Technicalmaterial㸦ᢏᕤ≀㸧ࠊռ Other ࡑࡢ௚ࠋ᪥ᮏㄒヂࡣ⠛ཎ㸦2013:82-83㸧ࡢヂࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲᘬ
⏝ࠋ

7

༧(2008)࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊすὒࡢ⩻ヂ◊✲⏺࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᶵ⬟ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟ࡣᗄࡘ࠿ࡢᏛὴࡀ
࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫゝㄒᏛ⪅ࣁࣜࢹ࣮㸦Halliday㸧ࡢ㑅ᢥయ⣔ᶵ⬟⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ
Ꮫὴࠊཬࡧࣇ࢙࢔࣓࣮࢔➼ࡢࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ⌮ㄽⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ௦⾲ࡍࡿࢻ࢖ࢶⓎ⚈ࡢᏛὴࡀ୺ࡓࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡣ୺࡟ࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ࣮ࢫࠊࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ⌮ㄽ㸦⩻ヂࡢ┠ⓗ㸧ࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡿࢻ࢖ࢶࡢᏛὴࢆᢅ࠺ࠋ

8

⸨℀(2007)࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ
ࠕ┠ⓗࠖࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࢠࣜࢩ࢔ㄒ Skopos ࡀࠊࣇ࢙࢔࣓࣮࢔ࡢ⩻ヂ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣࠕ⩻ヂࡢ┠ⓗࠖࢆ⾲ࡍᑓ㛛⏝ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊࠕࢫࢥ࣏ࢫ⌮ㄽࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྡ⛠ࡣ᭱ึ Reiss/Vermeer
㸦1984㸧࡛Ⓩሙࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ⌮ㄽࡢ㦵Ꮚࡣ Vermeer
㸦1978㸧
࡛ࡍ࡛࡟᏶ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ

9ࠕᐁ⫋ྡ࡜࿧⛠ࠖࡢ㡯┠ࡢ୰࡟ࠊᐁ⫋ࡢࡘ࠸࡛࡟ᶵ㛵ࡢ⤂௓ࡶධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿὀࡀ୍⟠ᡤ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᘏ࡭ㄒᩘ࡛㸯ᅇ࡜ຍ⟬ࡋࠊᣓᘼ࡟࡚ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ10ὀࡀ」ᩘ⟠ᡤ࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋⓏሙࡍࡿሙྜࡣึฟࡢࡳᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ11㡯┠շࡢࠕṔྐ⫼ᬒࠖ࡟ࡣࠊྎモୖࡢゝㄒ㡯┠࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⏬㠃࡟ฟ࡚࠸ࡿே≀࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡑࡢே≀࡟⧳ࢃࡿ⫼ᬒ▱㆑ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺౛እࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛ 12 ࡟ᙜࡓࡿࠋ

࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ

Akbari, M. (2013). The role of culture in translation. Journal of Academic and Applied
Studies (Special Issue on Applied Linguistics), 3(8): 13-21.
Bayar, S.C. (2012). Online practice of fan-based subtitles㸸the case of the Turkish translator,
Thesis.
http://oaithesis.eur.nl/ir/repub/asset/11257/Bayar,%20S.C.pdf (Jan.7,2014)

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Bogucki, à. (2009). Amateur subtitling on the internet. In Diaz Cintas, J. & Anderman, G.
(Eds.) Audiovisual Translation: Language Transfer on Screen. Basingstoke: Palgrave
Macmillan.
de Linde, Z. & Kay, N. (1999). The Semiotics of Subtitling. Manchester: St. Jerome
Publishing.
Díaz Cintas, J. & Muñoz Sánchez, P. (2006). Fansubs: Audiovisual translation in an amateur
environment. The Journal of Specialised Translation, 6: 37-52.
Franco Aixelá, J. (1996). Culture-specific items in translation. In Álvarez, R. & Vidal, M. C.
A. (Eds.) Translation, Power, Subversion. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Gambier, Y. (2013). The position of audiovisual translation studies. In Millán, C. & Bartrina
F. (Eds.) The Routlegde Handbook of Translation Studies. London & New York: Routledge.
Hatcher, J.S. (2005). Of otaku and fansubs; A critical look at anime online in light of current
issues in copyright law. Script-ed, 2(4): 514-542.
Pedersen, J. (2011). Subtitling norms for television 㸸 an exploration focusing on
extralinguistic cultural references. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Reiß, K. & Vermeer, H. J. (1984/2013). Towards a General Theory of Translational Action:
Skopos Theory Explained. (Translated by C. Nord). Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
Tahir Gürça÷lar, ù. (2011). Paratext. In Gambier Y. & van Doorslaer, L. (Eds.) Handbook ofTranslation Studies (2: 113-116). Amsterdam: John Benjamin.
Terestyényi, E. (2011). Translating culture-specific items in tourism brochures. In SKASE
Journal of Translation and Interpretation [online], 5(2):13-22.
http://www.skase.sk/Volumes/JTI06/pdf_doc/02.pdf
http://www.skase.sk/ (homepage) (Jan.7,2014)
Toledano-Buendía, M. C. (2013). Listening to the voice of the translator㸸A description oftranslator's notes as paratextual elements. Translation & Interpreting, 5 (2): 149-162.
⸨℀ᩥᏊ䠄2007䠅䛄⩻ヂ⾜Ⅽ䛸␗ᩥ໬㛫䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁 ʊ ᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗ⩻ヂ⌮ㄽ䛾ㅖ┦ʊ䛅 ᯇ⡱♫
䝢䝮䠈䜰䞁䝋䝙䞊䠄2010䠅䛄⩻ヂ⌮ㄽ䛾᥈ồ䛅䠄Ṋ⏣⌃௦Ꮚヂ䠅 䜏䛩䛪᭩ᡣ⠛ཎ᭷Ꮚ䠄2013䠅䛂ᫎ⏬䛄䛚䛟䜚䜃䛸䛅䛾ⱥㄒᏐᖥ䛻䛚䛡䜛␗ᩥ໬せ⣲䠄᪥ᮏⓗ᭷ᶆᛶ䠅䛾⩻ヂ᪉␎䛻㛵䛩䜛⪃ᐹ䛃䛄⩻ヂ◊✲䜈䛾ᣍᚅ䛅 ➨ 9 ྕ: 81-97. ᪥ᮏ㏻ヂ⩻ヂᏛ఍༧ᘓ⳹䠄2008䠅䛄Ỉᢎ୚㉸㉺䠖ຌ⬟୺ᷱ⩻孹┠ⓗ孢◊✲䛅୰ᅜ♫఍⛉Ꮫฟ∧♫䛄ᐑᘐዪᐁ㻌 ⱝ᭝䠄䝆䝱䜽䜼䠅䛅බᘧ䝃䜲䝖㻌
http://www.bubujingxin.net/ 㸦୰ᅜㄒබᘧ∧㸧
http://jyakugi.com/ 㸦᪥ᮏㄒබᘧ∧㸧
http://www.bs-j.co.jp/jyakugi/index.html 㸦BS ࢪࣕࣃࣥ∧㸧
㸦2013 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 10 ᪥㸧

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ࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὀࡢᶵ⬟୺⩏ⓗศᯒᫎീసရ䛄ᐑᘐዪᐁ㻌 ⱝ᭝䠄䝆䝱䜽䜼䠅䛅඲ヰ䠄35 ヰ䠅㻌 ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ∧㻌 䜰䝆䜰䞉䝸䝟䝤䝸䝑䜽㻌䛄ṌṌ㦫ᚰ䛅඲ヰ䠄35 ヰ䠅㻌 ୰ᅜㄒ䜸䝸䝆䝘䝹∧㻌 ୖᾏ၈ே㟁ᙳไస᭷㝈఍♫㻌
㻌

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㻌

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㻌

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