J. Inst. Electrostat. Jpn.
, 30, 5 (2006) 236 241

㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂߦࠃࠆ᳓ਛ߅ࠃ߮࿯ფਛߩ✢⯻ਇᵴൻᄢ ᎑ ቁ ਯ*,1㧘ᷰ ㄝථ*㧘ᷓ ᎹᲞ*㧘૒ ⮮ ᱜ ਯ*

㧔2006 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 15 ᣣฃઃ; 2006 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 23 ᣣฃℂ㧕Inactivation of Nematode in Solution and Soilby High Voltage Pulse Treatment
Takayuki OHSHIMA*,1, Suguru WATANABE*, Tsuyosi FUKAGAWA* and Masayuki SATO*(Received May 15, 2006; Accepted September 23, 2006)

The influence of high-voltage pulse treatment on plant parasitism nematodes was studied. When the 10 sec ofhigh-voltage pulse (5 kVp/cm, 50 Hz) was applied to the suspension of nematode in solution, it became clear that thenumber of nematode becomes 1/10 or less. We also tried the actual application of high-voltage pulse associatedinactivation of nematode in the case of tomato cultivation. When the tomato seeding was cultivated innematode-contaminating soil, the dry weight of root was 34 g/plant after four weeks cultivation, which was drasticallyless than that cultivated in nematode free soil (68 g/plant). On the other hand, as 10 sec of high-voltage pulse (5 kVp,50 Hz) was applied to a needle electrode stabbed near the tomato seeding at two weeks after budding, the prevent ofroot development due to the nematode was apparently inhibited and the dry weight of root was 60 g/plant after fourweeks cultivation.
1.

ੱ૕߳ߩᲥᕈ߽޽ࠆߚ߼㧘ߒ߫ߒ߫૞ᬺ⠪ߩਛᲥ੐᡿߇⊒↢ߪߓ߼ߦㄭᐕ㧘ㄘᬺ᭴ㅧߩᄌൻ߆ࠄࡂ࠙ࠬ╬․ቯߩㄘ⠹࿾ߢ․ቯߩ

ߔࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ㧚૞‛ߩㅪ૞߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥห৻૞ߎࠇࠄߩ⮎೷ߦଐሽߖߕ቟ోߦᬀ‛∛ේ⯻ߩⵍኂࠍᛥ߃‛ߩㅪ૞ߪ࿯ფ∛ේ⯻߇ቯ⌕ߒ㧘ㄘ૞‛߳ߩⵍኂࠍ᜛ᄢߔࠆࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘࿯ფਛ✢⯻ߥߤ∛ේ⯻ߦኻߔࠆᔊㆱ૞↪ࠍᜬߞߚⷐ࿃ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚․ߦ✢⯻ߦࠃࠆⵍኂߪ㧘ᨐ᮸߆ࠄට㘃㧘ኻ᛫ᬀ‛㧔ࡑ࡝࡯ࠧ࡯࡞࠼╬㧕ࠍᬀ߃ߡભ⠹ߐߖࠆᣇᴺ߇ណ

㊁⩿ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢߩᐢ▸ߥⵍኂࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚✢⯻ߪㄘ૞ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ߎߩ૞ᬺߪ૛ಽߥഭ௛ജߣ⠹૞㕙Ⓧߩᷫዋࠍ‛߆ࠄ㙃ಽࠍๆ෼ߔࠆߚ߼㧘ᬀ‛ߩ⢒ᚑࠍ㒖ኂߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘߽ߚࠄߒ㧘߹ߚኻ᛫ᬀ‛ߪ឵㊄ᕈߩૐ޿߽ߩ߇ᄙ޿ߚ߼㧘⚻෼ⓠ㊂ߩᷫዋ߿૞‛⴫㕙ߦࠦࡉ߿უ∓ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߒߡ໡ຠ༡⊛஥㕙߆ࠄ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩઁߦ✢⯻㒐㒰ߦ᦭ലߣߐࠇታ1㧕ଔ୯ࠍਅߍߡ޿ࠆ 㧚✢⯻ߦࠃߞߡ߽ߚࠄߖࠄࠇࠆㄘ૞‛߳2㧕ߩⵍኂߪో਎⇇ߢ✚㗵 80 ం࠼࡞ߦ߽㆐ߒ 㧘࿾⃿਄ߩ૞‛ߩ
1㧕㓙ߦ⹜ߺࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆᣇᴺߣߒߡߪ᦭ᯏ‛ࠍ⢈ᢱߣߒߡ࿯ფߦਈ߃ߡ㧘⥄ᵴᕈ✢⯻ࠍჇ߿ߒߡᬀ‛ነ↢⒳ߩ✢⯻ߩჇᱺࠍ
ᛥ߃ࠆᣇᴺ 2㧕㧘ࠝ࠱ࡦࠍ↪޿ࠆᣇᴺ 3)㧘⫳᳇ᶖᲥ߿ 55㨪80 ͠30㧑ㄭߊࠍ៊ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁⛔⸘߽޽ࠆ 㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ✢⯻ࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆ∛ኂ⯻ߩ㒐㒰ߪ㧘⃻࿷ߢߪㄘߩ▸࿐ߢߩᾲ᳓࿯ფᶖᲥ 4,5㧕㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪ࿯ფߩẑ᳓ಣℂࠍⴕ߁⮎ࠍ૶↪ߒߚൻቇ⊛ߥ㒐㒰߇ᄙ޿߇㧘ߎߩᣇᴺߢߪ⏕߆ߦ∛ᣇᴺߥߤ߇޽ࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇࠄߩᣇᴺߦߪലᨐ߇಴ࠆ߹ߢߦᤨ㑆ኂ⯻ߦኻߔࠆ㒐㒰ലᨐߪ㜞޿߇㧘ㄘ⮎ᱷ⇐߿࿯ფ↢ᘒ♽⎕უ㧘߇ᔅⷐߢ㧘ᄢដ߆ࠅߥ⸳஻ߣ⩨ᄢߥࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇ᔅⷐߦߥߞ2㧕࿾ਅ᳓ᳪᨴߩ໧㗴ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔߎߣ߇ ᔨߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ 㧚✢ߡߊࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦಣℂਛߪᩱၭ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ߥߤߩ໧㗴ὐ߇޽ࠆ㧚⯻ߩ㒐㒰ߪߊࠎ⫳೷(D㧙D㧘ࠢࡠ࡞ࡇࠢ࡝ࡦ㧘⥇ൻࡔ࠴࡞ߥߒߚ߇ߞߡࠃࠅ◲ଢߥᣇᴺߢ◲නߦዉ౉ߢ߈ࠆ✢⯻㒐㒰ᴺߤ)߇ലᨐ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ⮎೷ߪⅣႺ߳ߩ⽶ᜂ߇ᄢ߈ߊ㧘߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ⁁㔚࿶ߩᓸ↢‛ߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ߪ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦✢⯻㧘㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚࿶‫࠻ࡑ࠻ޔ‬* ⟲㚍ᄢቇ㧔376-8515 ⟲㚍⋵᩿↢Ꮢᄤ␹↸ 1-5-1㧕
Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515,
Japan1
tohshimabce.gunma-u.ac.jp⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠃࠅႎ๔ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚⇇㧔PEF㧕ߦࠃࠆᓸ↢‛ߩᲕ⩶ᛛⴚߩታ↪ൻ߇⹜ߺࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ 6-8)㧚ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ PEF ߦࠃࠆᲕ⩶ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ߆ࠄផቯߔࠆߣ⚦⢩߇ᄢ߈޿߶߁߇᦭ലߢ޽ࠆ 9)㧚ߘߎߢ⚦⩶㧔⋥ᓘᢙ Pm㧕ߦᲧ237 (45)ߴߡᄢ߈ߥ✢⯻㧔⋥ᓘᢙච㨪ᢙ⊖ Pm㧘㐳ߐߪᄢ߈޿߽ߩߢ

᳓㧔ዉ㔚₸ 0.25 mS/cm㧕߹ߚߪ࿯ფ᛽಴ᶧ㧔ዉ㔚₸ 1.5 mS/cm㧕

1 mm ⒟ᐲ㧕ߦኻߔࠆ PEF ߩᱫṌ૞↪ߪᄢ߈޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ㧘ߦౣ Ộߒ㧘✢⯻ߩṁᶧ⹜ᢱߣߒߚ㧚ṁᶧ⹜ᢱߩ✢⯻㗡ᢙߪ◲නߦᱫṌߐࠇࠄࠇࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ߚ㧚߹ߚ✢⯻߇㔚

߅ࠃߘ 50 㗡/㨙L ߢ⺞ᢛߒߚ㧚࿯ფ᛽಴ᶧߪ 20 g ߩ࿯ფߦኻ㧝0)߽޽

ߒ㧘150 mL ߩ᳓㆏᳓ࠍട߃ߡᷙวߒߚᓟ㧘㕒⟎ߒߚᤨߩ਄ᷡ

ࠅ㧘Ვ⯻ߦ⥋ࠄߥ޿߹ߢ߽૗ࠄ߆ߩᔊㆱ૞↪߽ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆߩ

ߣߒߚ㧚ߎߩṁᶧ⹜ᢱࠍ࿑㧞ߦ␜ߔᐔ᧼ኻᐔ᧼㔚ᭂဳߩಣℂ

ߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ߚ㧚ᮏ㧔ಣℂᶧ㊂ 1.7 mL㧕ߦ౉ࠇ㧘㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚⇇ࠍශടߒ㧘⇇߅ࠃ߮㔚ᵹߦኻߒᗵฃᕈࠍᜬߜ㧘෻ᔕߔࠆߣߩႎ๔

ߘߎߢᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ PEF ߦࠃࠆ✢⯻ߩᱫṌࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆߣ౒
ߦ㧘ታ㓙ߩ૞‛ᩱၭ߳ߩㆡ↪ࠍ⹜ߺߚ㧚ශട೨ᓟߩ↢߈ߚ✢⯻㗡ᢙᄌൻࠍࡌ࡞ࡑࡦᴺߦࠃࠅⷰኤߒߚ㧚㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚Ḯߪࠗࠪ࠳ࠄ߇૶↪ߒߚࠬࡄ࡯ࠢࠡࡖ࠶
ࡊࠍ↪޿ߚ⊒↢ⵝ⟎㧔๟ᵄᢙ 50 Hz㧕ࠍ↪޿ߚ 11)㧚ශട㔚࿶

2.
2.1ታ㛎ᣇᴺ✢⯻ߩ⺞ᢛᴺߪࠝࠪࡠࠬࠦ࡯ࡊ㧔Tektronix TDS360㧕ߣ㜞㔚࿶ࡊࡠ࡯ࡉ
㧔Tektronix P6015㧕ߢ᷹ቯߒ㧘2㨪10 kVp ࠍශടߒߚ㧚✢⯻ߪ⟲㚍⋵ㄘᬺᛛⴚ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ࠃࠅಽਈߐࠇߚᳪᨴ࿯ࠃࠅჇᱺ࡮ಽ㔌ߒߡ↪޿ߚ㧚ࡊ࡜ࡦ࠲࡯ᩱၭߒߚ⊒⧘৻ㅳ㑆ᓟߩ࠻ࡑ࠻㧔ᄢဳ⑔ኼ㧧ࠨࠞ࠲ߩ࠲ࡀ㧕ߩ↪࿯㧔⚂ 10 L㧕ߦ✢⯻ᳪᨴ࿯㧔⚂ 10 g㧕ࠍᷙ౉ߐߖ㧘ᩱၭࠍ⛯ߌࠆߎߣߢ✢⯻ߩჇᱺࠍଦߒߚ㧚✢⯻ߩ᛽಴ߪᩱၭᓟߩၭ㙃࿯ 20 g ߆ࠄࡌ࡞ࡑࡦᴺ 1)ߦࠃࠅⴕߞߚ㧚✢⯻㗡ᢙߩ᷹ቯߪࡌ࡞ࡑࡦᴺ᛽಴ᶧࠍࠪࡖ࡯࡟ߦᐢߍ㧘శቇ㗼ᓸ㏜㧔40㨪100 ୚㧧OLYMPUS CK-40㧕
ਅߢߩ⋥ធࠞ࠙ࡦ࠻ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚࿑㧝ߦಽ㔌ߒߚ✢⯻ߩశቇ㗼ᓸ㏜౮⌀ࠍ␜ߔ㧚ᩱၭ 1㨪3 ࡩ᦬ߩ㑆ߦᓧࠄࠇࠆ✢⯻㗡ᢙߪ߅ࠃߘ 50 㗡/g-ၭ㙃࿯ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᬀ‛૕ߦਈ߃ࠆ∛ᘒ߆ࠄࡀࠦࡉ✢⯻㧘ࡀࠣࠨ࡟✢⯻߇ᷙวߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚

࿑2 ✢⯻ Ộᶧࠍਇᵴൻߔࠆߚ߼ߩᐔ᧼ኻᐔ᧼㔚ᭂಣ
ℂᮏ
Fig.2 Schematics of plate-to-plate electrode chamber toinactivate nematode suspending in solution.
2.3࠻ࡑ࠻ߩᩱၭߣ✢⯻ᷝട߅ࠃ߮㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬශട

ᣇᴺ࠻ࡑ࠻⒳ሶ㧔ᄢဳ⑔ኼ㧧ࠨࠞ࠲ߩ࠲ࡀ㧕ࠍᩱၭࡐ࠶࠻ߦ౉
ࠇߚṌ⩶ၭ㙃࿯㧔⚂ 80 g㧕ߦធ⒳ߒߡᩱၭࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ㧚ᩱၭߪධะ߈⓹ߦធߒߡ⸳⟎ߒߚࡆ࠾࡯࡞ࡂ࠙ࠬ㧔25 ͠㧕ߢⴕߞߚ㧚⊒⧘৻ㅳ㑆ᓟߦṌ⩶ၭ㙃࿯߹ߚߪ✢⯻ᳪᨴ࿯ฦ 10 㧔g ✢⯻㗡ᢙ ⚂ 500 㗡㧕ࠍᷙߗㄟߺ㧘ߐࠄߦᩱၭࠍⴕ޿㧘࠻ࡑ࠻ߩ⨍ਂ㧘ᩮߩ㊀㊂㧘ၭ㙃࿯ਛߩ✢⯻㗡ᢙࠍᲧセߒߚ㧚⨍ਂߪ࿾਄ㇱߩ⨍ߩ㐳ߐࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚ᩮߩ㊀㊂ߪ࿾ਛㇱ૏ࠍಾᢿ࿁෼ᓟ㧘ᵹ᳓ߢઃ⌕ߒߚ࿯ࠍขࠅ㒰޿ߚᓟ㧘ੇ῎ེ㧔60 ͠㧕࿑ 1 ᩱၭ࠻ࡑ࠻ࠃࠅಽ㔌ߒߚ✢⯻ߩ㗼ᓸ㏜ⷰኤ㧚ࡌ࡞
ࡑࡦᴺߦࠃࠅಽ㔌㧚Fig.1 Microscopic observations of nematodes isolated fromtomato. Isolation of nematode was carried out by Baermann
funnel method.

ߢ৻᥅ੇ῎ߐߖߚᓟߩੇ῎㊀㊂ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚ၭ㙃࿯ਛߩ✢⯻㗡ᢙߩ᷹ቯߪ㧘࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ࠍᒁ߈ᛮ޿ߚᓟߩၭ㙃࿯ࠍᷙวߒ㧘ߎߩౝ 20 g ࠍណߞߡࡌ࡞ࡑࡦᴺߦࠃࠅⷰኤߒ㧘1 g ၭ㙃࿯ᒰࠅߩ㗡ᢙߢ⹏ଔߒߚ㧚࠻ࡑ࠻ᩱၭ߳ߩ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬශടߪ✢⯻ᳪᨴ࿯ࠍㅊടߒߚ৻ㅳ㑆ᓟ㧔⊒⧘ੑㅳ㑆ᓟ㧕ߦශടߒߚ㧚㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬߩශ

2.2ṁᶧ⹜ᢱߦኻߔࠆ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚⇇ߩශടᣇᴺ೨ㅀߩᣇᴺߢ᛽಴ߒߚ✢⯻ Ộᶧࠍ㆙ᔃಽ㔌㧔1,500 rpm, 5min㧕ߒߚᓟߦ਄ᷡࠍᝥߡߡ✢⯻ࠍ࿁෼ߒߚ㧚ߎߩᓟ㧘᳓㆏ടᣇᴺࠍ࿑㧟ߦ␜ߔ㧚వ┵ 4 cm ࠍ㒰޿ߡⵍⷒߒߚࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟
ࠬ㊎㊄㔚ᭂࠍ㜞㔚࿶㔚ᭂߣߒߡ㧘࠻ࡑ࠻⧣߆ࠄ 0.5 cm 㔌ࠇߚ238 (46)3052006૏⟎ߦ㧘ࡐ࠶࠻ᐩ㕙߹ߢ 2 cm ߹ߢᝌ౉ߒߚ㧚ࠕ࡯ࠬ㔚ᭂߪ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࡌ࡞ࡑࡦᴺࠍ↪޿ߡ↢߈ߚ✢⯻ࠍ㆙ᔃಽ㔌ߒߚᩱၭࡐ࠶࠻ߩਅߦ⟎߆ࠇߚࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ㊄✂ߣߒߚ㧚ශടᤨߪᓟ㧘᳓㆏᳓㧔ዉ㔚₸ 0.25 mS/cm㧕ߦ Ộߒߚࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߦ 2㨪ၭ㙃࿯ߦ᳓㆏᳓ࠍട߃㧘ࠕ࡯ࠬ㔚ᭂߣ࿯߇ᨴߺ಴ߒߚ᳓㆏᳓

10 kVp/cm ߩ㔚⇇ᒝᐲߩ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚⇇ࠍ 20 ⑽㑆ශടߒߚߢ❬߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᘒߣߒߚ㧚㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚Ḯߪṁᶧ⹜ᢱߢ႐วߦߪ㧘㔚⇇ᒝᐲߦ઻ߞߡ✢⯻ߩ↢ሽ₸ߩᷫዋ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ㧘↪޿ߚⵝ⟎ߣหߓ߽ߩࠍ↪޿㧘ශട㔚࿶ߪ 3, 5, 8 kVp ߢ㧘ශ

10 kVp/cm ߩᤨߦߪ߅ࠃߘ 40 㧑߹ߢᷫዋߒߚ㧚߹ߚࡌ࡞ࡑ

ടᤨ㑆ߪ 10 ⑽ߢ޽ࠆ㧚㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬශടᓟߪ㔚ᭂࠍขࠅ㒰ࡦᴺߩㆊ⒟ߢ↢ߓߚ࿯ფ᛽಴ᶧ㧔ዉ㔚₸ 1.5 mS/cm㧕ߦ Ộ߈㧘ᩱၭࠍ⛯ߌߚ㧚࠻ࡑ࠻ᩱၭߩታ㛎ࠬࠠ࡯ࡓࠍ⴫㧝ߦ߹ߣߒߚࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߢߪ㧘᳓㆏᳓ߦ Ộߒߚ႐วߦᲧߴߡ㜞޿↢ሽ߼ߚ㧚✢⯻ߩᷝടߩ᦭ή㧘ශട᧦ઙߩ㆑޿ߦࠃࠅ㧘Σ㨪Χߩ₸ߩᷫዋ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ㧘5.5 kVp/cm ࠍ 20 ⑽ශടߒߚ႐วߦߪ

㧡⒳㘃ߩࠨࡦࡊ࡞ࠍᲧセߒߚ㧚߅ࠃߘ 10 㧑ߩ↢ሽ₸㧘10 kVp/cm ࠍශടߒߚ႐วߦߪᱷሽߔࠆ✢⯻ߪ⏕⹺ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ࿯ფ᛽಴ᶧ㧔ዉ㔚₸ 1.5mS/cm㧕ߦ Ộߒߚ႐วߢශടᤨ㑆ࠍ 20 ⑽߆ࠄ 10 ⑽ߦ⍴❗
ߒߚ႐วߩ↢ሽ₸ߩᄌൻࠍ⺞ߴߚߣߎࠈ㧘20 ⑽ߩ႐วߣ߶ߣ

࿑ 3 ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ߦኻߔࠆࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂⵝ⟎᭎⇛࿑
Fig.3 Schematics of experimental set up for pulsed highvoltage treatment to young tomato plant.

3.
3.1⚿ᨐ߅ࠃ߮⠨ኤ᳓ṁᶧਛߩ✢⯻ߦਈ߃ࠆ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚⇇ߩᓇ
࿑ 4 ✢⯻ Ộᶧߦ⒳‫ࠬ࡞ࡄߩޘ‬ಣℂࠍⴕߞߚߣ߈ߩ↢⩶₸Fig.4 Survival ratios of nematodes suspending in the solution
after various pulsed high voltage treatment.

㗀✢⯻ࠍṁᶧߦ Ộߒߚ⁁ᘒߢ㧘㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚⇇ࠍශടߒߚᤨߩ✢⯻ߩᱫṌ₸ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚࿑㧠ߦߪߎߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫㧝 ࠻ࡑ࠻ᩱၭታ㛎ߩࠬࠠ࡯ࡓ㧔I㨪V㧕
Table 1 Schemes of tomato cultivation experiment (I㨪V)
sampleΣΤ
week01ω
add 10 g ofsterilized soilωωωωωωΦ

Χ

budding of tomatoωωω

add 10 g of nematode-contaminated soilω23 or laterend ofcultivationΥωω
3 kV, 10 sec
5 kV, 10 secωω
measurement of stalk lengthωωmeasurement of root weight of tomato and nematode number in soil

- 3 -ω
10 kV, 10 sec
ωω239 (47)㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂߦࠃࠆ᳓ਛ߅ࠃ߮࿯ფਛߩ✢⯻ਇᵴൻ㧔ᄢ᎑ࠄ㧕ࠎߤᄌࠊࠄߥ޿↢ሽ₸ߩᄌൻ߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ࿯ფ
᛽಴ᶧߩ႐วߦߪ 5 kVp/cm ⒟ᐲߩ㔚⇇ᒝᐲߢ 10 ⑽⒟ᐲࡄ࡞
ࠬ㔚⇇ࠍශടߔࠆߎߣߢ✢⯻ࠍᱫṌߐߖࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ㧚ㅢᏱ㧘ᄢ⣺⩶߿㉂Უߥߤߩ⚦⩶㧔⋥ᓘᢙ Pm㧕ࠍᱫṌߐߖࠆߦߪ 10 kVp/cm ⒟ᐲߩ㔚⇇ᒝᐲ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇㧘ᄙߊߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠃࠅ⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚Ḯߦ߅޿ߡ߽ 10 kVp/cm એ਄ߩ㔚⇇ᒝᐲ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ߞߚ 11)㧚ߒ߆ߒ✢⯻ߩ৻⥸⊛ߥᄢ߈ߐߪ⋥ᓘ
20 Pm㧘㐳ߐߪ 400 Pm એ਄ߢ޽ࠅ㧘⚦⩶ࠃࠅ߽ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚⇇ߦኻߔࠆᗵฃᕈ߇㜞޿㧘ߔߥࠊߜૐ޿㔚⇇ᒝᐲߩࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚⇇ߢ

࿑ 6 ⴫㧝ߦ␜ߔᣇᴺ(I – V)ߢ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ࠍ 4 ㅳ㑆ᩱၭߒߚ
ᓟߩᩮ㊀㊂ᲧセFig.6 Root weight of tomato cultivated for four weeks withvarious cultivation conditions (I – V) shown in Table 1.

ᱫṌ߇⿠ߎࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚
3.2

࠻ࡑ࠻ᩱၭߦኻߔࠆ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬශടലᨐಽ㔌ߒߚ✢⯻ࠍṁᶧߦ Ộߒߚ⁁ᘒߢߪ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬߦ

ᩮ㊀㊂ߪ 68 g ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒ㧘✢⯻ࠍᷙ౉ߒߚ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ΤߩࠃࠅᱫṌߐߖࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒታ㓙ߦㄘ⠹࿾ߦᔕ

ᩮ㊀㊂ߪ 34 g ߣỗᷫߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘✢⯻ߦࠃࠆᓇ㗀ࠍ㗼⪺ߦฃߌ↪ߔࠆ႐ว㧘✢⯻ߪ࿯ფਛߦሽ࿷ߔࠆߚ߼㧘ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߐߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㧚ߎࠇߦኻߒ㧘✢⯻ᷙ౉ᓟ㜞㔚࿶ࡄࠇߚဋ৻ߥ㔚⇇ᒝᐲߩ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬࠍශടߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍࡞ࠬࠍශടߒߚ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣Υ㨪Χߩᩮߩ㊀㊂ߪ㧘✢⯻ᧂᷙ౉ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ◲ଢߢታ↪⊛ߥᣇᴺߣߒߡᩱၭਛߩ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣࠻ࡑ࠻⧣Σߦߪ෸߫ߥ޿߽ߩߩ㧘ᩮ㊀㊂ߩჇട߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ㧘ㄭறߩၭ㙃࿯ߦ㊎㔚ᭂࠍೝߒ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬࠍශടߔࠆߎߣ

․ߦ 5 kV ࠍශടߒߚ႐วߦߪ 60 g ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚߹ߚၭ㙃࿯ਛࠍ⠨߃ߚ㧚ၭ㙃ࡐ࠶࠻ߢᩱၭߒߚ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ࠍ↪޿㧘✢⯻ߩᷙߩ✢⯻㗡ᢙࠍ᷹ቯߒߚߣߎࠈ㧘㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬࠍශടߒߡ޿ߥ౉ߣ࿑㧟ߩࠃ߁ߦ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬࠍශടߒߚ႐วߣߒߥ޿႐޿႐ว㧔Τ㧕ߦߪ 42 㗡/g ߢ޽ߞߚߩߦኻߒ㧘ශടߒߚ㜞㔚วߢ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ߩ↢㐳ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥᄌൻ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠍⷰኤ

࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚࿶ߦ઻ߞߡᷫዋߒ㧘3㧘5㧘߅ࠃ߮ 8 kVp ߩ႐วߢߒߚ㧔⴫ 1㧕㧚ߘࠇߙࠇ 34㧘31㧘߅ࠃ߮ 29 㗡/g ߢ޽ߞߚ㧔࿑㧣㧕㧚ᦨ߽ᩮ㊀࿑㧡ߦߪ⴫㧝ߩΣ㨪Χߩ᧦ઙߢᩱၭߒߚ⨍ਂߩᄌൻࠍ␜

㊂ߩ࿁ᓳ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ 5 kVp ߩ✢⯻㗡ᢙߪ߅ࠃߘ 27 㧑ߩᷫߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚޿ߕࠇߩ᧦ઙ㧘ߔߥࠊߜ✢⯻ߩ᦭ή㧘㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ዋߢ޽ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ 8 kVp ߩ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂ㧔Χ㧕ߢߪ㧘੹ࠬශടߩ᦭ήߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ⨍ਂߪ㗅⺞ߦિ߮ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ

࿁ߩታ㛎᧦ઙߩਛߢߪᦨ߽✢⯻ߩᷫዋ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ߇㧘หᤨ߆ࠆ㧚߹ߚ᧦ઙߦࠃࠅ⪲ߩᒛࠅᣇ߇⧯ᐓ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ߚ߇㧘࿾ߦ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ߩᩮ㊀㊂ߩ࿁ᓳ߽ዊߐߊ㧘↢⢒ߦᖡᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚ਄ㇱಽߦᄢ߈ߥ㆑޿ࠍⷰኤߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄࠍᒁ߈ᛮ߈㧘ၭ㙃࿯ਛߦᒛߞߚᩮࠍⷰኤߔࠆߣᄢ߈ߥ৻ㅪߩታ㛎ߢ㧘✢⯻ࠍᷙ౉ߒߚ৻ㅳ㑆ᓟߦ 5 kVp 㧘10 ⑽㆑޿߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚࿑㧢ߪ╙ 4 ㅳߩߘࠇߙࠇߩ⧣ߩᩮ㊀㊂ࠍߩ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬࠍශടߔࠆߎߣߢ✢⯻ߦࠃࠆⵍኂࠍૐᷫߢᲧセߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚૗߽ᠲ૞ߖߕߦᩱၭߒߚ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣Σߩ߈ࠆߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ㧚ߘߎߢ೎ߩ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ࠍ↪޿ߡᩱၭᦼ

࿑ 5 ⴫㧝ߦ␜ߔᣇᴺ(I – V)ߢ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ࠍᩱၭߒߚߣ߈
ߩ⨍ਂᄌൻ
Fig.5 Growth of stalk length of tomato in various cultivation
condition. Cultivation conditions (I – V) are shown in Table 1.

࿑ 7 ⴫㧝ߦ␜ߔᣇᴺ(I – V)ߢ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ࠍ 4 ㅳ㑆ᩱၭߒߚᓟߩၭ㙃࿯ਛ✢⯻ỚᐲᲧセ
Fig.7 Effect of pulsed high voltage treatment on nematodenumber in the potting soil of tomato cultivated for four weeks.
- 4 -240 (48)3052006㑆ࠍ㐳ߊߒߡห᭽ߩታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚࿑㧤ߪ⴫㧝ߩΤߣΦߩ᧦ઙߩ╙ 7 ㅳᓟߩో૕౮⌀㧘߅ࠃ߮ᩮߩ᜛ᄢ౮⌀ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚✢⯻ᷙ౉ᓟ㧘㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬࠍශടߒߡ޿ߥ޿࠻ࡑ࠻⧣Τߣශടߒߚ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣Φߩ⨍ਂߪห⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘࠻ࡑ࠻⧣Τߩ߶߁ߪᒙߊ㧘⨍ߩ৻ㇱ߇ၭ㙃࿯ߦធߒߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᘒߦḧᦛߒߡ޿ߚߩߦኻߒ㧘࠻ࡑ࠻⧣Φߪᄥߊਂᄦߦ߹ߞߔߋߦᚑ㐳ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚߹ߚᩮߩ⁁ᘒߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߦ⇣ߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘࠻ࡑ࠻⧣Τߪ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ΦߦᲧߴߡో૕⊛ߦ⍴޿ߩߦട߃㧘ᩮߩಽጘ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦዋߥߊ㧘․ߦ⚦߆޿ᩮߩ⊒㆐߇⪺ߒߊ㒖ኂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ᭽ሶ߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚ㧚৻ᣇ㧘࠻ࡑ࠻⧣Φߩᩮߩ⊒㆐⁁ᘒߪ✢⯻ᧂᷙ౉ߩ⁁ᘒߣ߶ߣࠎߤᏅ⇣߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߎߩ⚿ᨐ㧘㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬࠍ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ㄭறߩ㊎㔚ᭂࠍ૶ߞߡශടߔࠆߎߣ

(a)ߪ㧘✢⯻ⵍኂࠍ㒐ᱛߔࠆߎߣߦ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߎߣ㧘߹ߚ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ߩ↢⢒ߦߪ߶ߣࠎߤᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߥ޿ߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ㧚ߎߩᤨߩၭ㙃࿯ਛߩ✢⯻㗡ᢙࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚߣߎࠈ㧘ήශടߩ႐ว
㧔Τ㧕߇ 41 㗡/g ߢ޽ߞߚߩߦኻߒ㧘ශടߩ႐ว㧔Φ㧕ߪ 30㗡/g ߢ㧘߅ࠃߘ 27 㧑ߩᷫዋߢ޽ࠅ㧘࿑㧣ߩ႐วߣห᭽ߢ޽
ߞߚ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ߩ↢㐳ㆊ⒟ߢ✢⯻ߩᷙ౉ࠍⴕ޿㧘ߐࠄߦ৻ᐲߛߌ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂࠍ 10 ⑽㑆ᣉߔߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘✢⯻ߩⵍኂࠍ഍⊛ߦૐᷫߐߖࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇ታ⸽ߐࠇߚ㧚߹ߚ 5 kV⒟ᐲߩ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂߪ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ߩ↢⢒ߦᖡᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ၭ㙃࿯ਛߩ✢⯻㗡ᢙߩ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂ
ߦࠃࠆᷫዋߪ㜞‫ޘ‬27 㧑⒟ᐲߢ㧘ᩱၭᓟߩၭ㙃࿯ਛߩ✢⯻߇(b)ᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥߊ㧘㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂࠍᣉߒߚ♽ߢ߽ᛩ౉✢⯻㗡ᢙߦᲧߴߡ 8 ୚⒟ᐲߦჇടߒߡ޿ߚ㧚࠻ࡑ࠻ᩱၭਛߩ✢⯻㗡ᢙߩ᷹ቯߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠅ㧘㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣ
ℂ೨ᓟߩ㗡ᢙᄌൻࠍផቯߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘㊎㔚ᭂㄭறߩ✢⯻ߪ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂߦࠃࠅᱫṌߒߚ߇㧘㊎㔚ᭂ߆ࠄ㔌ࠇߚ✢⯻߇↢ሽߒ㧘Ⴧᱺߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߩ 10⑽㑆ߩ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂߪ⊒⧘ᓟ 2 ㅳ㑆ᓟ㧔✢⯻ᳪᨴ࿯ᷙ౉
1 ㅳ㑆ᓟ㧕ߦⴕߞߚ߇㧘ᩱၭᦼ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂ
ߩ࠲ࠗࡒࡦ߽ࠣ㊀ⷐߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚․ߦᩮߩ⊒㆐⒟ᐲߣ✢⯻㚟㒰ߩߚ߼ߩ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂߩ㑐ଥߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠅ㧘੹ᓟᬌ⸛߇ᔅⷐߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚㜞㔚࿶ߩ૞‛ߥߤᬀ‛ߘߩ߽ߩ߳ߩᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘㔀⨲ߩᨗᱫߦ೑↪ߔࠆႎ๔߇޽ࠆ 12㧕㧚ߎࠇߪ࿾਄ㇱߦ಴ߚ⪲ߩㇱಽߦ㜞㔚࿶㔚ᭂࠍធ⸅ߐߖࠆߎߣߢᩮ߹ߢᨗࠄߔߎߣ߇ߢ

(c)߈ࠆߣㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚᬀ‛⚵❱ߦ⋥ធ㜞㔚࿶ࠍශടߔ

࿑ 8 ᩱၭ 7 ㅳ㑆ᓟߩ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ II ߅ࠃ߮࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ IV ߩ᭽ࠆߎߣߢ᣿ࠄ߆ߥᒻᘒᄌൻ߇⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽㗼ᓸ㏜ⷰ

ሶ (a)࠻ࡑ࠻ᩱၭో૕౮⌀㧘(b)਄߆ࠄߩ᭽ሶ㧘(c)ᩮߩⷰኤ
Fig.8 Photographs of tomato cultivated for seven weeks with(VI) and without (II) pulsed high voltage treatment in nematodecontaminated soil. (a) overview of tomato cultivation, (b) up
view of tomato plant, and whole view of tomato with roots.

ኤߦࠃࠅ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ 13)㧚ᬀ‛ߪᩮ߆ࠄ⨍㧘⪲ߦ⥋ࠆዉ▤㧘Ꮷ▤ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘ߎࠇࠄߦ⍍㑆⊛ߥᄢ㔚ᵹ߇ᵹࠇࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡᨗᱫ߇⿠ߎࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒᧄ⎇ⓥߢⴕߞߚ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂߢߪ✢⯻ߩ㒐㒰ߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩ
- 5 -241 (49)㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂߦࠃࠆ᳓ਛ߅ࠃ߮࿯ფਛߩ✢⯻ਇᵴൻ㧔ᄢ᎑ࠄ㧕ߩ㧘5 kV એਅߩࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚࿶ශടߢߪኋਥߢ޽ࠆ࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ߩ↢ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂߦࠃࠅ㧘⧣ߩ↢⢒ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߥߊ✢⯻㐳ߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߥᖡᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔߎߣߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ශട߇৻ᐲߛߩ㒐㒰߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ታ⸽ߐࠇߚ㧚ߌߢ⍴޿㧔10 ⑽㑆㧕ߚ߼ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ 8 kV ࠍශടෳ⠨ᢥ₂✢⯻ቇታ㛎ᴺ✬㓸ᆔຬળ㧦‫⯻✢ޟ‬ቇታ㛎ᴺ‫ޠ‬㧘ᣣᧄ✢⯻ቇળ (2003)2) ਃᨑᢅ㇢㧦‫↢޿ࠈߒ߽߅ ࠙ࡘ࠴ࡦ࠮ޟ‬ᘒߣ߆ߒߎ޿㒐߉ᣇ‫ޠ‬㧘ㄘጊṪ᧛ᢥൻදળ (2004)
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506-507 (2006) 396
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8) S. Jayaram and G.S.P. Castle : Biotech. Bioeng., 40 (1992)
14129) U. Zimmermann : Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 694 (1982) 227
10) D.R. Viglierchio and P.K. Yu : Revue Nematol, 6 (1983) 17111) ࡀࠗ࠺ ࡒࡎ ࠗࠪ࠳㧘ࠕࡦ࠻ ࠻࡝ ࠬࠡࠕ࡞࠻㧘ᄢ᎑ቁਯ㧘૒⮮ᱜਯ : ᣣᧄ㘩ຠᎿቇળ⹹, 4 (2003) 4712) ᳓㊁ ᓆ㧦ࡊ࡜࠭ࡑ࡮ᩭⲢวቇળ, 75 (1999) 666
13) M. Fincan and P. Dejmek : J. Food Eng, 5 (2002) 2231)

ߒߚ႐วߦߪ࠻ࡑ࠻ߩᩮߩ৻ㇱ߇ᨗᱫߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ࠻ࡑ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߪㆡᒰߥᩱၭᤨᦼߦ㧘↢⢒ߦᓇ㗀߇಴ߥ޿⒟ᐲߩ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬಣℂࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢ✢⯻㒐㒰߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߎࠇߪઁߩ૞‛ߦ߽ᔕ↪ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒᧄ⎇ⓥߢ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬශടߦ
ࠃࠆ✢⯻ⵍኂߩᛥ೙ലᨐߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߢߪߥߊ㧘੹ᓟ⹦⚦ߥᬌ⸛߇ᔅⷐߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ㧚4.

⚿⸒ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ✢⯻ߦਈ߃ࠆ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬߩᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ߴ㧘ᰴߩ⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ㧚࡮ ✢⯻ࠍ Ộߒߚṁᶧߦ 5kVp એ਄ߩ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚࿶ࠍශടߔࠆߣ↢⯻ᢙ߇ 10 ಽߩ㧝એਅߦߥߞߚ㧚࡮࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ߩᩱၭߦ߅޿ߡ㧘⧣ㄭறߩၭ㙃࿯ߦ㊎㔚ᭂࠍ౉ࠇߡ㜞㔚࿶ࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚࿶ࠍශടߔࠆߣၭ㙃࿯ਛߩ✢⯻ኒᐲߩᷫዋߣ౒ߦ㧘✢⯻ⵍኂߩૐᷫ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚․ߦ 5kVp ߩ႐วߦߪ࠻ࡑ࠻ߩ↢⢒ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߥߊ㧘✢⯻㒐㒰߇น⢻ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚࡮࠻ࡑ࠻⧣ߩ႐ว㧘⊒⧘ 2 ㅳ㑆ᓟߦ 5kVp㧘10 ⑽㑆ߩ㜞㔚࿶

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