Japan’s Nuclear Energy
Programs and Activities for International
Cooperation
September 22, 2010
Professor Dr. Shunsuke Kondo
ChairmanAtomic Energy Commission of Japan

Nuclear Power Generation in Japan: Current Status (1)☞ Starting the operation of the first nuclear power plant in 1966, 10 years after theestablishment of the AEC, and adding the capacity continuously, 10 electric powercompanies are now operating 54 LWRs (30 BWRs and 24 PWRs) that supply about
30% of electricity. 2 units are under construction and 12 units are in preparation.

2

2

Nuclear Power Generation in Japan: Current
Status (2) Two units will start operation beyond 40 years by the end of thisyear.
 Three units are in the decommissioning stage.
 One large scale low-level waste disposal facility has been in
operation for more than 10 years.
 Three nuclear power plant suppliers (Toshiba-WH, Hitachi-GE,
and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) have supplied these BWRs and
PWRs on time and within budget, nurturing constructors anddiverse small & medium enterprises that supply forged material,mechanical components and electrical components.
3

Radiation Utilization in Japan:
Current Status
 More than 5,000 firms (including industries , hospitals andresearch organizations) are registered as user of radiation andradioactive materials.
 Large scale radiation sources such as RIBF, SPring-8, J-PARC,
HIMAC etc. are open to users in the field of science, industry,
medicine etc.
 Government itself is promoting pest control projects based onradiation sterilized insect technology to protect fruit andvegetable from noxious insects in southern islands.

4

Objectives of Nuclear Energy Policy
Maintain proper infrastructure for the promotion of safe, secure,safeguarded and sustainable utilization of nuclear energy.
II. Promote nuclear power with a view to making its share inelectricity generation 50% or so in 2030.
III. Promote radiation utilization and its innovation in science,
medical activities, industry and agriculture.
IV. Promote international cooperation for assuring safe, secure,safeguarded and sustainable utilization of nuclear energy inevery part of the world, with a view to contributing to theimprovement of the welfare of humankind.
I.

5

Electric power companies will add new plants
continuously as in the past.
Under construction

Shimane-3
Ohma (Full MOX ABWR)

BWR
PWR

Kaminoseki-1
Tsuruga-3
Tsuruga-4
Higashidori-1(TEPCO)
Fukushima I-7
Fukushima I-8
Sendai-3

Higashidori-2(TEPCO)
Kaminoseki-2
Hamaoka-6
Namie‐Odaka
6

2005

2010

Higashidori-2(TOHOKU)

20152020 FYFurther on the Horizon

HP-ABWR

Government supports the R&D of
next generation high-performance
LWRs that meet;Replacement demand in the 2030’s, making
attractive technologies deployable in preceding
LWRs as well in the 2020’s;Desired level of safety & security/economics/
waste management/ etc:1800 and 900MWeclass plants with innovative materials andcomponents and seismic isolation features.

HP-APWR

Closing fuel cycle is pursued through using MOX fuel,establishing a high level waste repository, and promoting fast
reactor fuel cycle technology R&D.
7

International Cooperation
What Japan can and should do
for international community are;
To share Knowledge, experience and lessons learned from continuous deployment of

LWRs and their operation and from diffusion of radiation utilization in various
fields;To support Human resource development and capacity building for safe, secure,safeguarded and sustainable utilization of nuclear energy
 Promotion of radiation utilization in science, agriculture, medicine and industry Deployment of nuclear power plants
 Localization of technology and industrial activities

8

International Cooperation
 To share knowledge, experience and lessons learned with international

community; Contribute to various activities of the IAEA
 Participate in the development of code and standards
 Participate in various review missions; Host and/or participate in various international gathering for informationexchange and mutual learning organized by the IAEA;
 Cooperate with the IAEA organizations such as International Seismic Safety
Center.

 Encourage research organizations to promote exchange of experts andcooperative research projects

9

Epicenter Map in Northeast of Asia*

0

沖断
層

Japan is a country with frequent earthquake and not a few active
faults can be found in the vicinity of NPPs.

20 km

－干
飯崎

*Preliminary Determination of Epicenters (PDE), USGS/NEIC

和布

Monju NPP

断
層

「もんじゅ」から半径30 km

城
断
層

Ｃ断層

大
陸
棚
外
縁

甲
楽

白木－丹生断層
ウツロギ峠北方－池河内断層
山中断層（文献断層）

B断

浦底－内池見断層「もんじゅ」

断層
柳ヶ瀬

層
三方断層

坂

断

層

Mihama NPP

敦賀

野

断層

若狭湾

鍛冶
屋

熊川
断層
花折断
層

琵琶湖

断層
関ヶ原
断層

醍醐断層
大清水断層

門前断層

10

Lessons learned from the 2007 earthquake at KashiwazakiKariwa NPP
The Concept of “Fault Model”



To evaluate possible seismic motion at the site from nearby faults, it is necessary to use “fault model” in which not
only the source characteristics (number of asperities, their sizes and locations on the fault ) but also the propagation
characteristics of crust geological structure (such as folding structure) and the site characteristics (such as low
velocity sediment layers in the free base stratum under the plant) are considered.
11
11

IAEA – INTERNATIONAL SEISMIC SAFETY CENTRE (ISSC)

Recognizing it important to internationally share diverse lessons learned
from seismic events in Japan, Japanese government proposed the IAEA toestablish the ISSC, contributing a significant part of its starting budget.

12

PURPOSE:–To promote the sharing of the experience and lessons with the international
community to avoid /mitigate the consequences of extreme seismic events–
To improve the Safety Standards by reflecting the feedback from these experiences.
–
To support MSs with no or limited seismic expertise through advisory services andtraining courses.
–
To enhance the seismic safety worldwide by disseminating the best practice form
MSs and and obtaining advice from top‐level scientists and relevant experts of
Scientific Committee of the Center.
SCOPE:–ISCC will give scientific and expert support to the works done by the IAEA on
seismic matters:–
Support the development of the safety standards and the implementation of
Safety Review and Advisory Services as a part of the statutory functions.
–
Promote, collect and disseminate the knowledge related to the seismic safety.

Radiation Utilization
 Three major R&D organizations make their large-scale

radiation facilities open to international research communities• RIKEN : RI-Beam Facility and SPRING-8 (X-ray)• Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA): JMTR, J-PARC (neutron source)• National Institute for Radiological Sciences (NIRS) : HIMAC heavy ion

accelerator for cancer therapy.

 Japan is participating in IAEA RCA projects in areas of health,agriculture, medicine, industry, environment and others:• JAEA Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute acts as project country

coordinator for radiation processing of polymer.
• NIRS acts as project country coordinator for radiation therapy project andradiation protection project.

 These organizations are promoting exchange of experts andcooperative research projects with relevant institutions in theworld.
13

Use of Radiation for Better Living Standards
Sterile insect technique（SIT）

Agriculture

Pest control based on radiation sterilization
technology to protect fruit and vegetable
Melon fly
Potato weevil

Radiation induced
mutation

Post- harvest control
utilizing radiation

Non-irradiatedMedicine
Diagnosis; PET-CT

14

Therapy; Ion beam
for cancer therapy

IrradiatedIndustry
Radiation process;Non-destructive
Radial tires
inspection
Semiconductors

International Cooperation
To Support HRD and Capacity Building; HRD through education
 Government Scholarship for foreign student to study in Japanese universities
 Provide funds to strengthen the nuclear engineering education in universities
 University initiative such as an effective use of e-learning / networking with
relevant organizations
 Capacity building by training and education
 Contribute to the IAEA Asian Nuclear Safety Network (ANSN) JAEA Nuclear HRD Center: accept trainees from all over the world and dispatch
experts to relevant HRD programs in the world
 JNES: sponsor training courses for experts in safety regulation
 JAEA is to establish the Integrated Comprehensive Support Center for training
experts in the field of nuclear safeguards and nuclear security
 NIRS: organize RCA training courses on tumor imaging using radioisotopes,
advanced clinical application of PET, radiation emergency preparedness etc.
15

IAEA – Asia Nuclear Safety Network (ANSN)PURPOSE: To support Integrated Capacity Building of NewComers
In 2009, the 2nd Strategy Dialogue (SD) agreed on the Vision2020 to recognize the ANSN as a Capacity Building Platform“Realization of the first nuclear power plant incommercial operation in 2020 in the country
embarking on Nuclear Power Programme”
Facilitationofsustainableregional
cooperation

Pooling,analyzingand sharing ofexisting & new
knowledge andpractical
experience

Creation ofhuman NW
and cybercommunitiesEnhancement of nuclear safety infrastructure
in member countries

16

Assuring and upgrading ofsafety of nuclear installations in member
countries

Japan’s Contribution-$130mil/y-Role for CBCG and
3 TGs coordinator

JNES – Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization
JNES is an active player in the Cooperation for establishing nuclear safety infrastructures and humanresources development in neighboring Asian countries (primarily China, Vietnam) by:- holding training courses on nuclear safety regulation for the staff of the Chinese and Vietnamese nuclear
safety regulatory related organizations-dispatching experts to hold a nuclear safety seminars in China and Vietnam
Abr: JNES HP◆JNES has started Asian Seismic Safety Training Course
Training course<Vietnam(2009)>
Four Weeks Training inJapan・Trainees from various
nuclear regulatoryorganizations
・Number of Trainees：30
people<China(2009)>
Three Weeks Training inJapan・theme: high level
regulatory techniques
・Number of Trainees : 10
people<Seismic Safety(2009)>
Ten more days Training inJapan・Participants from 6
countries
・Number of Trainees : 25
peoplee-learning: FREE information to learn the structure of regulation in Japan on this web site!
17

http://www.ansn-jp.org/nsr/nsrdb/nsrwebmain/nsrmain/nsrmain.php*search engine --> enter “JNES e-learning”

Contact Point : Mr. Kazuhide TOMITA Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES) tomita-kazuhide@jnes.go.jp

Activities of JAEA‐NuHRDeC
NuHRDeC(Nuclear HRD Center)

JAEA
Trainees

Lecturers
Experts,
textbooks Lecturers

International
Cooperation
IAEA-ANSN(IAEA- ANENT )FNCA HRD ProjectENEN
CEA/INSTN

18International
Training Course
Training for Asian countries(Bangladesh, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines,
Vietnam etc)
IAEA Safeguards course
Nuclear Plant Safety course

For further information, contact us : Nuclear HRD Center, JAEA
E‐mail: sugimoto.jun@jaea.go.jp, murakami.hiroyuki@jaea.go.jp

Integrated/Comprehensive Support Center
for Nuclear Non-proliferation and Nuclear Security
PURPOSE:To support emerging countries to building capacity in the areas of nuclear
non-proliferation and security through human resource development,
network development and technical assistance.

Actions Hold Security, Safeguards and Non-proliferation training courses.

Send experts to emerging countries for the strengthening of nuclear
security.
Start to develop nuclear measurement and detection technology in 2011,
for a possible future support on nuclear security infrastructure. Emerging
countries can use these services for free.

19

Contact: T.MATSUBARA
Deputy Director, Office for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Safeguards (JSGO),MEXT
Tel: +81-3-6734-3973 matubara@mext.go.jp

International Cooperation
Support deployment of nuclear power plants:
 Why:
 Japanese manufacturers and electric utilities have

20

nurtured capability to complete NPP construction ontime and within budget, satisfying stringent requirements
for safety and quality that reflects severe naturalenvironment such as frequent visits of typhoon, tsunami
and earthquake.
 They have cultivated excellent organizational culture tovalue safety, quality, safety culture, cleanliness ofworkplaces and visualization.

JAIF International Cooperation Center (JICC)
JICC will coordinate and implement avariety of cooperative activities inintroducing nuclear energy development inforeign countries through exchanging
information, dispatching experts, andhosting workshops, conferences andseminars, such as:(a) human resources development;(b) public information to enhance understandingof nuclear energy;(c) establishment of relevant laws andregulations;(d) preparation of necessary infrastructure.

JICC plays a key role as a contact window
and facilitator of concrete cooperative
activities by coordinating the wide variety ofcooperation to be implemented by the
related organizations in Japan so as toprovide cooperation for nuclear energy
development in an effective and efficientmanner, under the strong commitment of
the Government.
21

Contact: Mr. Toshiaki SAKAI, Director e-mail: info@jaificc.com
Add: 2nd floor, Meiwa Building,2-12-16, Shimbashi,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0004
TEL：+81-3-3591-2210 FAX：+81-3-3591-2215

Recent Activities of JAIF International Cooperation
Center (JICC)

Vietnam: Seminar on Vietnam-Japan Cooeration on Nuclear Power at Hanoi, in September, 2009.
 Electricity of Vietnam mission to Japanese Nuclear Power in September, 2009 Communist Party of Vietnam mission to Japanese Nuclear Power in December, 2009
Indonesia:
 NPP Site Survey & Evaluation Workshop at Indonesia, in November,2009
 Seminar on Prospects of Nuclear Electric Power at Indonesia, in March, 2010
Jordan: Experts meeting at Jordan in March, 2010
Kazakhstan: Workshop on Nuclear Power Plant both in Japan and Kazakhstan in October, November andDecember, 2009 and 2010.
Mongolia
 Workshop on Nuclear Power Generation in Japan in October, 2010
JICC expects to extent cooperation to Poland, Malaysia and Kuwait etc. in 2010-2011.
22

International Nuclear Energy Development
Corporation of Japan (JINED)

ROLE: to take care of emerging countries’ needs regarding construction, operationand maintenance of nuclear power plants including human resources
development and financing, in collaboration with government support programs
before making proposals for getting orders.
The company will officially be established in October 2010. The JINED preparatory office can be reached

23

by calling TEL：+81-3-3504-0892 FAX：+81-3-3504-0896.

Japan’s Integrated Cooperation for New-comer Countries☞ Japan provides services requested by emerging countries such as financing,human resources development, design, construction, operation, etc.

Operation & MaintenanceSupport / Investment
Japanese
Utilities

Japanese
Government

24

Public Finance / Insurance

Projects in newcomer countries

JBIC
NEXI
EPC/ Nuclear Fuel

Human resources
development /Support forestablishingregulatory system

Japanese EPC
companies

Nuclear Energy Policy Planning Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
TEL：+81-3-3501-1991 FAX：+81-3-3580-8447

Japan Nuclear HRD Network will be set up to
facilitate cooperation among the Government,
universities, industries and others
Government
Support

JAEA（NuHRDeC）

Universities,
CollegesInternational
Organizations,
Univ. etc.

Cooperation
データベース作成

Hub

Japan Nuclear
HRD Network
Public Organizations,Regional Hub

JAIF
JAIF International
Cooperation Center (JICC)

R&D
Organizations,
Academic
Societies
Industries

MEXT, METI, MOFA, Cabinet Office

Domestic/international students, researchers, etc.
25

JAEA
Integrated
Comprehensive
Support Center for
NuclearNonproliferation
and Nuclear
Security for Asia

AsianCountries

CONCLUSIONS







26

Accomplish successful fast track in going to nuclear inten years and steady expansion of the capacity of the
fleet in more than 40 years
Diverse utilization of radiation is contributing to theimprovement of living-standard and quality of life.
Actively promoting international cooperation for sharing
knowledge, experiences, and lessons learned intechnical/institutional/infrastructure as well as
supporting HRD and capacity building
Decide to be active in supporting the deployment of
NPPs also.

Reference27

27

Routes of Typhoons in the East Asia(2000-2009)

Routes of Typhoons in the East Asia (2000-2009)28

Capacity Factor%
Secondary‐System Pipe Rupture
Accident at the Mihama Unit 3

TEPCO’s inspection
data falsification case

Chuetsu‐oki
earthquake

FYCapacity Factor of Japanese plants had been maintained around 80%.
(TEPCO’s inspection data falsification case in 2002, an accident at Mihama unit 3 and Chuetsu-oki
earthquake influenced capacity factor significantly. )29

Diversification of Energy Sources of Japan☞ After the Oil Crisis in the 1970s, Japan varied its power sources; from heavily
relying on oil to shifting to other sources including nuclear energy.
Change in Share of Power Sources

Before the Oil Crisis (FY1973)
Nuclear
Energy2.6%

Current (FY2008)
Renewable
Energy,etc.
2.4%

Renewable
Energy,etc.
1.8%
Water
16.0%

Oil
71.4%

Water
7.1%

Water
Pump
1.2%
Coal
4.7%

Water pump
0.7%

Nuclear
26.0%
Coal
25.2%

LNG
2.4%

Oil
10.3%

LNG
28.3%

30

30

Basic Energy Plan
Targets toward 2030
 Enhancing the independent energy ratio to approx. 70% by doubling energy selfsufficiency and the independent development ratio of fossil fuels (currently 38%),
 Increasing the zero-emission power source ratio to approx. 70% (currently 34%),
 Reducing CO2 in the “living” (household sector) to half.
TWh

Breakdown of Power Sources

12000
1200
10000
100

0
8000

800
6000

600

Zeroemissio
n powersource;currentl
y 34%

Renewable
Energy88.4 (9%)
Nuclear
Energy263.8 (26%)

Zeroemission
powersource:approx. 70%

Coal260.5 (25%)

Renewable
Energy214.0

about 20%

Nuclear
Energy536.6

about 50%

Coal
113.1

about 10%

LNG 135.7

about 10%

4000

400
2000

200
0
31

LNG
282.2(28%)
Oil, etc.
135.6 (13%)

Oil, etc.
20.5

2007年度実績
2007

2030年推計2030

actualestimate31

High-Performance (HP) Next Generation LWRs
for expanding demand of global nuclear power in the 21th century
 Top-level safety and most economical efficiency featured by:-Safety design with hybrid of passive and active-Shortened construction period and reduced power generation costs Electric output of 1,800MWe/ 800-1,000MWe depending on user needs
 Conceptual design through collaboration of Institute of Applied Energy and Japanese threeplant vendors (Hitachi-GE, Mitsubishi Heavy Industry and Toshiba)
 Supported by Japanese government and electric power utilities.

32

Outline of the IAE (The Institute of Applied Energy)
The IAE is an independent and non-profit research institute on energy
technology issues, founded in 1978.
■ Mission and Goal
Its mission and goal are to study on energy from the technological viewpoints
to ensure a reliable, affordable and environmentally sound source of energy.

■ Unique Aspect
The IAE has been conducting its study in collaboration with government,
industry and academia. The IAE corporate members includes Japan’s major
power utilities, gas utilities, oil companies, vendors, constructors, automobile
companies.
Web site at URL:http://www.iae.or.jp/
33

FR Cycle Development Program in JAPAN
2005

2010

2015

2050

(JFY)

Commercial
Introduction of FR
Cycle Facilities

Feasibility
Study(JFY 1999‐2005)
Identify The Most
PromisingCandidate Concept

C&R

Review & Basic Policy by MEXT &AEC

2015
Fast Reactor Cycle Technology
Development Project (FaCT）

Validation of Economy & Reliability

Decision of Innovative Tech. (2010)2025

R&D of Innovative Technologies

Basic Design & Construction

Experimental FR“Joyo”

Conceptual Design of Commercial &Demonstration FR & Fuel Cycle
Facilities

Interim C&R in 2010
R&D at Prototype
FR “Monju “

R&D at“Monju “34Start of Operation ofDemonstration FR & its
Fuel Cycle Facility

2015

Establishment of
Innovative
Technologies withConceptual Design Demonstrating its Reliability as aOperation Power Plant
 Establish Sodium Handling Tech.

◆Cooperation with related Organization◆International Cooperation（GNEP, GEN‐IV, INPRO etc.）

Research and Development Using JMTR
•Japan Materials Testing Reactor (JMTR, 50MW) is one of the highest spec testing
reactor with high neutron fluence, reliance, …
•Currently under four-year refurbishment during FY2007-FY2010 (reoperation
expected in FY2011)

Lifetime extension of
LWRs・Aging management of LWRs
Maximum linear power
density (W/cm)

・Development of next generation
LWRs
1000
800

<Project>
OK Fail-High burn-up-High burn-up(Ramping test)-High performance-Reference data

３cycleExpansion of industry use
・Development of 99ｍTc production
technique４cycle600
Power５cycle JMTR
400
ramping
200
test of LWR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
fuels
Segment average burn up (GWd/t)
Education and training forProgress of science andresearchers and engineers
technology
Universities
Contribution･Research onin Asianto theradiation
National Countries
Introduction
Industrial･ damages
Universities
of Nuclear
JAEA
Circlesin Japan
Development
Power Plant
into Foreignof nuclear“NEXT GENERATIONCountries
fusionRESEARCH AND TEST
35
REACTOR ”
reactors
Design group
For further information, contact us : JMTR, JAEA E‐mail: kawamura.hiroshi@jaea.go.jp