Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

ADRC VR2015B – FINAL PRESENTATION

Presented By:
Captain Mohamed Inayath
Inayath,, Director – Programs
National Disaster Management Authority

 Chapter 1 – Introduction
 Chapter 2 – Literature Review
 Chapter 3 – Research Methodology
 Chapter 4 – Disaster Risk Profiles
 Chapter 5 – Disaster Management Systems
 Chapter 6–
6 Early Warning Systems
 Chapter 7 – Emergency Response Mechanism
 Chapter 8 – Findings, Recommendations and Conclusion No country is 100 percent safe and disaster risk free.
 Reliable
R li bl disasterdi t earlyl warningi isi a prerequisite
i it anddavital

component
pofpreparedness
ppfor

disaster

response.
 EW serves as the trigger point for evacuation orderandd timely
ti l response initiationi iti tid i idecisionb thebythindividuals and local ggovernment which could result insaving numerous lives and loss of property.

The overall objective of this study is tounderstand the importance and role of multihazard

early

community
mechanismh iwarning
based

systememergency

andtheresponse To learn and understand about the early warning systems,

pprocedures
and pprotocols in Japanp and in the Maldives;;
 To identify how early warning initiates emergency responsein the context of Japanese local communities;
 To identify and understand the community volunteer based
emergency firstfi t response andd relief
li f mechanism
h i ini Japan;
Jandd To provide recommendation to establish Island Emergency
Response Teams and integrate them into the emergency
response and relief operations and disaster preparedness at
the community level in the islands.

At the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995, the number off
people captured in the collapsed buildings is around 35,000. Afterthe earthquake , 27,000
27 000 people were rescued by neighbors and 80%of them were alive. However, 8,000 people were rescued by Army,gand less than 550% of them were alive.
Police or Fire Fighters During GEJE and Tsunami, the community-level response (andcommunity- based warnings) was the key that saved countless
hhumanllives.
Theh volunteer
lf
fire
corps are community-based
b dorganizations (CBOs) trained in disaster management used various
tools such as handheld loud speakers,
speakers fire bells,bells sirens,sirens and fireengine loudspeakers to warn communities throughout the affectedareas.
 The community is the first responder in any disaster.
Disaster Loss in Maldives mainly because no community early warning and efficient first response

Event/Year

Islands affected

People affected

DamageAddu Cityy
Flood Crisis(24-25 Nov2015)
Cyclone Nilam(Oct-Nov 2012)03 Islands ((Feydhoo,yMaradhoofeydhoo andMaradhoo)

297 Households ggot
severely flooded

US$ 0.3 million

Caused flooding in 51
islands, 28 islands
severe flooding,flooding 4
islands critical
68 Islands in 16 Atolls
600 m inundation
id ti
inland82 people killed, and26 people missing

33,826

133,090.60 USD

1649 Evacuated579 H
Housingi units
itdamaged
More than 3997
buildings damaged.
Nearly 12,000displaced.

-Surge Waves(15 17 M(15May2007)
Indian OceanTsunami (Dec2004)



Descriptive in nature and mostly qualitativeHas used both primary and secondary dataPrimaryy Data Collection include;;18 x Institutional Briefings and presentations,

155 x Tours,, field visits and observations.

9 x Community Disaster Awareness Programs

470 million USD
62% GDP

Secondary Data

From the relevant authorities, departments and Bosai Units in Japan.



Published and unpublished researches and other related dataBooks, journal articles, papers, research reports, NGO reports, documents and reports.

Internet websites

ADRC’s web portal and Research Bank with numerous English translated documents andreadings

Hinnavaru

Naifaru
Kurendhoo

Olhuvelifushi Maldives is one of the most vulnerable

countries in the world.
 The most flat and the lowest elevated nation

with average height of 1.5 meters.
 Maldives faces multimulti-hazard risks, and threats

from the global warming and climate change
induced sea level rise and extreme weather
events.

 The country’s geographic location, physicalandd geo
geo--climaticlii features
foff its
i islands
i l d near
the equator in the Indian Ocean exposes thecountry to different natural hazards fromearthquakes (particularly the Southernregion),
tropical
cyclones,storms,thunderstorms heavy rainfall,
thunderstorms,
rainfall dry spell,spell
floods induced by heavy rainfall to storm
surges, swellll waves andd tsunami
tsunami.i.

Natural Hazards

Man-made Hazards• Tsunami• Floods• Tropical Stormsy• Cyclones• Sea surge
g / Water• Drought
shortage• Sea level rise• Earthquake• Fire• Airport
Emergencies• Maritime Accidents• Public HealthEmergencies• Oil Spill andEnvironmentalIncidents

Source: DIRAM

Source: DIRAM

 Basic Disaster Counter Measures Act• Definition of responsibilities for disastermanagement;• Disaster management organizations;• Disaster management planning system;• Disaster prevention and preparedness;• Disaster emergency response;• Disaster recovery and rehabilitation;• Financial measures;• State of Disaster Emergency

 Disaster Management Act (28/2015)
 Decentralization of Administrative Divisions

Act (2010)
 Armedd Forces Act (1/2008)
 Police Service Act (5/2008)
 Maldives Red Crescent Act (7/2009)

National Level•

National Disastermanagement Council•

National Disaster
Steering Committee•

City / Atoll Level

Island Level•

City / Atoll Council•

Island Council•

City / Atoll Disaster
ManagementCommittee•

Island Disaster
ManagementCommittee

National Disaster
Management Authority•

Cityy / Atoll Disaster
Management Unit•

Island Disaster
Management Unit•

Maldives National
Defence Force•MNDF Area
Commands•

MNDF Posts / Unit

•

•

•

Island Police Station

Maldives Police
Service

Police Divisions /City / Atoll Police•

MRC Unit•

Maldives Red CrescentSociety•

MRC Branches•

Community BasedOrganizationsOi ti•

Maldives
Meteorological Service•Public Media ServiceNational Disaster Management Plan (Draft)

National Emergency Operations Plan (Draft)National Framework for Community Based Disaster RiskManagement

National Framework for Managing Internally Displaced People

Guide for School Emergency Operation PlanDisaster ManagementgPlan for Tourism SectorIsland Disaster Management Plans



P bli HealthPublicH l hE
Emergency PlPlan

Island Development Plans

JMA – Japan Meteorological Agency
Advisories,, Warning
Advisories
Warning,, Emergency Warning
 Earthquake and Tsunami Early Warning Volcanic Hazard Early Warning Meteorological Early Warning Sediment Disaster Earlyy Warningg Emergency Warning J-Alert
J Alert L-AlertMMS – Maldives Meteorological ServiceAlerts,, Advisories
AlertsAdvisories,, Warningg
 Earthquake and Tsunami Early Warning Meteorological Early Warning

Alert LevelDescription•

1 White•2 Yellow•

3 Red

4 Green•An earthquake with magnitude of 7.0 or
higher in Richter scale, occurred in the
Indian Ocean ring but there is no
immediate threat from the event
An earthquake occurred with magnitudeof 8.0 or higher in Richter scale over the
Indian Ocean region. The earthquake has
the potential to generate a widelydestructive regional tsunami in the IndianOcean
An earthquake of 8.0 or higher in Richterscale, occurred in the Indian Ocean ringand confirmation of an ocean wide
destructive tsunami originated from theepicenter
The condition has improved

ActionEarthquake information

Earthquake and Tsunami
advisory concerned authorities
advisory,and public are advised to be on
alert and be ready to move safer
areas and highg rise buildings
gTsunami warning. People at risk
to be evacuated from the danger
zones
Cancellation message, MMS
assumes that the tsunami threatdoes not exist to Maldives Prime

Minister’s
Office andCabinetOffice Japan Self Defense Force National Police Agency
 Fire and Disaster Management Agency
 TEC - Force Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) Japan Coast Guard Japanese Red Cross Society
 JMA
 NHKV l t Fi
VoluntaryFirefighting
fi htiCorps

Voluntary Flood Fighting
Teams



NeighborhoodAssociations



Voluntary DisasterR d i Organizations
Reduction
Oi i
 BOKOMI – Disaster -Safe

Welfare Community, Kobe

NationalDecision
Making/StrategicEmergency
Management /OperationalField Level First
Responders/ FieldOperations

Disaster ManagementCouncil
Disaster ManagementDiM
Steering Committee

National Disaster
Management Authority
National Emergency
Operations Centre
National Emergency
Response Force (NERF)

Atoll/CityIsland/Local Level

Atoll/City Disaster
ManagementCommittee

Island Disaster
ManagementCommittee

Atoll/Cityy Disaster
Management Unit

Island Disaster
Management Unit

City/Atoll Response
Team

Local Emergency
Response Force(LERF)

Emergency
gy Response
pOrganizationg
National
Level

City/Atoll Level(2 Cities / 19Atolls)

Island Level(187 Islands)

National Disaster Management Council
Line Ministries
National Disaster Management Steering Committee
National Disaster Management Authority
National Responsep
Force (Defence(Force,, Police,, Red
Crescent, Emergency Healthcare Service)
City/Atoll Council
City/Atoll Disaster Management Committee
City/Atoll Disaster Management Unit
Local Response Force (MNDF Area Commands, MPS
Divisional Commands and Atoll Police, MRC Branches,Regional and Atoll Hospitals)
Island Council
Island Disaster Management Committee
Island Disaster Management Unit
Island Emergency Response Team (MNDF, Posts,
Island Police Station, MRC Units, Health Center,
Auxiliary Firemen, CBO Members)

“Acting for the common good is a frequent theme
in Japanese culture and it infuses the country's
approachh tot disasterdi t
preparednessdandd riski kreduction. The rest of the world has much to learn
from Japan, if we are to make progress on saving
lives and livelihoods, and reducing disaster losses”
Banki Moon,Moon UN Secretary
Secretary-GeneralGeneral Tripod Disaster Response Concept - Self Help,

Mutuall Helpl andd Public
bl Helpl
 Multi
Multi-hazard,hazard, End-to-end
End to end Early Warning System
 Wide Area Support System
 Volunteerism and Community based Organizations
 Emergency Kit Bag
 Disaster Drills and Exercises
 Disaster Prevention Awareness Implementing and monitoring the action plans.
 Empower and promote the island communities totake the DRR ownership Prepare,

implement and maintain emergency

response planlffor
every islandi l d community
it withith
whole communityy p
participation.
p Establish community based early warning system inallll theh inhabitedh b d islands.
l d

Establish and create community emergency response team (CERT)
in all inhabited island communities.

Arrange and conduct drills and emergency exercises at all levels
involving all the sectors and stakeholders.
stakeholders

Teach disaster prevention skills for survival. Such as fire
extinguishing, swimming and sea survival, basic first aid andg emergency
g y kit bagg etc.
maintaining

Make DRM a learning module and a practical component at schools



Develop wide area disaster support hubs in other parts of thecountry