ＩＳＳＮ ０３８６－５８７８
Technical Note of PWRI No.4179

ICHARM Publication No.19

REPORT ON
The International Workshop on
Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management:

Developing Awareness, Hazard Mappingand Coastal Forest Implementation
September 2010

International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management
under the auspices of UNESCO (ICHARM)

Public Works Research Institute (PWRI)Technical Note of PWRI
No. 4179

Report on
The International Workshop on
Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management:
Developing Awareness, Hazard Mapping andCoastal Forest Implementation
9 – 11 March 2010, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

By
Dr. Shigenobu Tanaka
Dr. Dinar Catur Istiyanto
ICHARM, in cooperation with TDMRC, carried out an international workshop on
sustainable tsunami disaster management on March 9 to 11, 2010 at Banda Aceh,
Indonesia.
The overall objective is to improve the capacity of local disaster manager indeveloping countries on sustainable tsunami disaster management through thedevelopment of tsunami disaster awareness and preparedness by using THM and coastal
forest implementation.
The 30 invited participants were local government officials or community leaders who
work closely on disaster management. Among participants, five were invited as country
representatives each from India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Thailand to introduce
the situation in their countries. The rest of participants were representatives from tsunami
prone coastal cities in Indonesia and municipalities within Aceh Province.
This is a report to describe the contents, evaluate the results and conclude the lesson
for future activities of local capacity development.
Keywords: tsunami, workshop, awareness, sustainable disaster managementiInternational Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster ManagementiiInternational Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

Report on
The International Workshop on
Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

Table of Contents
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………...

i

Chapter 1．Background…………………………………………………………………………..

1

Chapter 2．Preparation for the Course………………………………………………………….

3

2.1

Coordination between ICHARM and TDMRC…………………………………………….

3

2.2

Development of Workshop’s Programme and Contents…………………………………….

3

2.3

Selection of Locations for the Field Orientation and Tsunami Historic Tour ……………….

5

2.4

Selection of Participants……………………………………………….…………………….

7

Chapter 3．Workshop Activities………………………………………………………………….

11

3.1

Orientation, Opening Ceremony and Opening Party……………………………………….

11

3.2 The Second Day Activities………………………………………………………………….

12

3.3 The Third Day Activities…………………………………………………………………… . 12

Chapter 4．Results of Questionnaire on Disaster Awareness Development……………….….

15

4.1

Questionnaire set………………………………………………………..………………….

15

4.2

Questionnaire results……………………………………………………………………….

15

Chapter 5．Workshop Conclusion and Further Activities…………………………………….

21

5.1

Workshop Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….

21

5.2

Further Necessary Activities……………………………………………………………..

21

Closing Remarks: Cooperation with Local Institute for Local Capacity Development……...

23

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………………

25

Appendix: Questionnaire results…………………………………………………………………. 27iInternational Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster ManagementiiInternational Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

Chapter 1

Background

Indian Ocean countries have been developing and enhancing their national as well as regional disastermanagement system under the support of international communities. Several monumental progresses havebeen shown such as development of Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS). However, even a
perfect warning would be useless if people performed incorrectly in case of an emergency. Therefore,awareness and preparedness at the community level is essential. In this regard, it is important to givecontinuous education and remind people to conduct consistent awareness and preparedness measures. Since a
massive tsunami occurs infrequently, for example once in 100 years, it is difficult but necessary to come up
with ways to sustain public awareness towards tsunami disaster mitigation. Considering the potential role ofTsunami Hazard Map (THM) and coastal forest in tsunami disaster mitigation, assuming their development
integrates elements such as, environmental sustainability, coastal disaster countermeasures, and local
community livelihood; their implementation will contribute to long-term preparedness and awareness of thecommunity against the low frequency, but high impact disaster of tsunami.
On the above regard and taking the opportunity of the fifth year anniversary of the 2004’s Indian Ocean
Tsunami disaster, the International Centre for Water Hazards and Risk Management (ICHARM) of the Public
Works Research Institute, Japan, in cooperation with the Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center(TDMRC) of Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia, carried out a workshop on sustainable tsunami disastermanagement on March 9 to 11, 2010.

The overall objective is to improve the capacity of local disaster manager in developing countries onsustainable tsunami disaster management through the development of tsunami disaster awareness andpreparedness by using THM and coastal forest implementation. Participants learned Japan experiences aswell as fundamental and practical techniques on planning and design of THM and coastal forest for tsunami
mitigation. They also discussed how to raise disaster awareness in developing countries. After returning totheir institution or localities, the participants are also expected to share the information and know-how
acquired through the workshop with those who are in charge of taking actions. The know-how gained in theworkshop is expected to contribute to reduce tsunami disaster damages.

The participants will be capable of conducting planning and design of THM and coastal forest for tsunami
mitigation based on natural and socio-economic conditions in their localities. The participants will
disseminate the acquired knowledge to the end-users and all the stakeholders in their localities to improve the1International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

quality of planning and design of THM and coastal forest for tsunami mitigation. Implementation of
proposed local action plans in cooperation with local government and comm unity will contribute to providing
as many field examples of coastal forest for tsunami mitigation as necessary, which will subsequently
promote active community participation in tsunami disaster countermeasures.

2International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

Chapter 2

Preparation for the Course

2.1

Coordination between ICHARM and TDMRC

In line with its ongoing research on sustainable tsunami disaster mitigation for developing countries
and taking the opportunity of the fifth year anniversary of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami disaster,
ICHARM initiated this workshop in order to share and disseminate Japan experiences in tsunami
disaster mitigation.
Along with the fifth year anniversary of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami disaster, Banda Aceh – themost devastated area by this giant tsunami – was considered to be the most suitable location for theworkshop with its various tsunami historical sites and survivors. In this point of view, ICHARM
contacted the Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) of Syiah Kuala Universityof Banda Aceh, Indonesia, to co-organize the event. TDMRC is a very important institute in Indonesia,
which carries out various researches towards better tsunami disaster mitigation. As one of the focal
points, the excellent capacity of TDMRC provides links to other related institutions in Indonesia, suchas Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia, UNDP Office Indonesia, Multi Donor TrustFund, etc.

After several consultations, ICHARM and TDMRC agreed to conduct the workshop on

March 9 to 11, 2010.

2.2

Development of Workshop’s Programme and Contents

While sharing and disseminating the Japan experiences in tsunami disaster mitigation measures arevery much valuable, the understanding on the development progress of tsunami disaster mitigation
measures especially within Indian Ocean tsunami-affected countries, at the same time, is also very
important to explore the local challenges and requirements on the related matter. These considerations
are reflected in the programme of the workshop, which is shown in Table 2.1.
The workshop was conducted in a two and a half-day programme, with a curriculum that covers thefollowing topics:The development of awareness and preparedness
The roles and limitations of coastal forest for tsunami mitigation
Planning and design of coastal forest for tsunami mitigation

3

International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management








Planning, design and utilization of THM
Discussion and group presentation for the enhancement of guideline for THM as well asplanning and design of coastal forest for tsunami mitigation for local cases
Discussion and group presentation on the role of THM in awareness raising
THM in coastal disaster management plan
Field orientation for data collection of planning and design of THM and coastal forest fortsunami disaster mitigation
Tour to tsunami historical places in Banda Aceh City

Table 2.1 Workshop Programme[March 9th, 2010]
14:00-15:00 Organizing Committee meeting (ICHARM and TDMRC)
15:00-17:00 Pre-field orientation visit by OC to select field visit locations----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18:00-18:30 Registration of participants
18:30-19:00 Course explanation by ICHARM
19:00-21:00 Welcome Dinner[March 10th, 2010]08:15-08:45 Registration of participants
08:45-10:00 Presentation by each country’s situation after the Tsunami damages 2004 (emphasis
on resident’s awareness activities); (15minutes for 5 countries)
10:00-10:15 Coffee Break(Session 1: Disaster awareness and Tsunami Hazard Map)
10:15-11:00 Lecture#1 on Tsunami disaster management by Dr. Shigenobu Tanaka (ICHARM,
Deputy Director, Expert on Local Disaster Management Plan)
11:00-11:45 Lecture#2 on Tsunami hazard map and coastal disaster management by Dr.
Subandono Diposaptono (MMAF-GOI, Director of Marine and Coastal Affairs,
Expert on Integrated Coastal Zone Management)
11:45-12:15 Lecture#3 on Planning and Design of Tsunami Hazard Map by Dr. Eldina Fatimah(TDMRC, Experts on tsunami hazard mapping)
12:15-13:45 Lunch Break
13:45-14:45 Group Discussion (1) on “Tsunami hazard map’s role in awareness raising”
14:45-16:00 Group Presentation, discussion, and comments
16:00-16:15 Coffee Break(Session 2: Coastal vegetation)
16:15-17:15 Lecture#4 on Planning and Design of Tsunami-mitigative Coastal Forest by Dr.
Dinar Istiyanto (ICHARM, Research Specialist)[March 11th, 2010]
08:00-08:30
08:30-12:00
12:00-13:30
13:30-14:30
14:30-15:45
15:45-16:15
16:15-17:00
17:00-17:15

Registration of participants
Field orientation for data collection and tsunami historic tour
Lunch BreakGroup Discussion (2) on the guideline of coastal forest planningGroup Presentation, discussion, and comment
Coffee Break; OC meeting to summarize conclusion (further actions, etc.)
Conclusion and further actions
Closing Ceremony

4International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

In general, this workshop provides lectures, group discussions and on-sight orientations to practiceand verify field data collection and analysis methods. The participants are required to:(1) Identify their local problems by comparing the need with the potential for coastal forest
implementation of tsunami mitigation in their own localities after having knowledge on the roleand limitation of coastal forest in tsunami disaster mitigation.
(2) Learn and understand planning/designing techniques of THM and coastal forest for tsunami
disaster mitigation.
(3) Learn and understand how to collect and analyze data, both from field survey or literature’s dataon coastal vegetation.
(4) Discuss awareness development challenge and solution and possible utilization of THM and
implementation of coastal forest in tsunami disaster mitigation plan in their own localities.
Lectures in the workshop were mainly given by TDMRC and ICHARM staff members, but a few
topics were given by invited lecturers from relevant institutions in Indonesia identified by bothorganizing insitutions.

2.3

Selection of Locations for the Field Orientation and Tsunami Historic TourA pre-investigation was carried out to select locations for the field orientation activity and tsunami
historic tour. Four criteria were determined for selection of the locations, i.e.
(a) Locations that are related to disaster awareness purposes, such as poles of tsunami inundation
depth mark, evacuation buildings, any buildings that have specific mark of tsunami inundation(e.g. mosque, etc.); these locations are visited to give explanation on the importance of periodic
and consistent reminder on people awareness by using these buildings and the significance of thebuilding existence to the local citizens.
(b) Locations that were destroyed by tsunami and their present development plan s related to themitigation of future tsunami events; these visits are important to examine and explain potential
risk issues and the appropriate plans for future tsunami mitigation.
(c) Locations with considerable dense coastal vegetation, which consist of more than one type ofvegetation species. If possible, having other coastal protection features, such as sand dunes,
embankments, etc. in order to explain the important variables in the design and planning ofcoastal vegetation belt, measurement method, maintenance, and their combination with otherprotective measures.
(d) Locations of ships/ boats drifted and stranded inland, in order to give explanations about thepower of tsunami and to show that even if protection structures are available, evacuation to safer
places is an indispensable measure.

5International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

Considering the above mentioned criteria as well as time availability for the activity, the locations forfield orientation and tsunami historic tour had been selected as follows:
1)

Alue Naga Village Coast: In this area an example of coast-line protection structure, natural sanddunes and vegetation belt of casuarina and coconut trees is available; participants shall see, learn
and discuss the functionality of the mentioned features, important variables of coastal
vegetations in terms of tsunami disaster mitigation, and coastal environment development ingeneral.

2)Inland-drifted and stranded boat at Lampulo Village and inland-drifted and stranded electricpower generator vessel at Punge Blang Cut Village at Meuraxa Sub District: In these locations,participants shall see and discuss the impact of huge power and danger of tsunami.

3)

One of tsunami poles at Meuraxa Sub District and one of evacuation buildings at Meuraxa Sub
District. The major part of the evacuation building to be visited also serves as TDMRC office.
By visiting these locations, participants learn the importance of keeping people awareness on thepotential tsunami hazard in their area.

Figure 2.1 shows the map of selected locations.

 AcehINDONESIA

Malaka Strait

MalakaStraitAlunaga
Coast

Lampulo –Inland driftedfishery boat

Banda
Aceh City

Blang Oi – Tsunami
height pole
TDMRC –
Evacuation
Building

HermesHotel

Punge Blang Cut –Inland drifted electric
generator ship

Figure 2.1 Map of visited locations during field orientation and tsunami historic tour

6

International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

2.4

Selection of participants

In order to reach the objective of the workshop, the nominees were selected among local government
officials or community leaders whose work is directly related to disaster management. Those whohave never participated in a similar workshop previously were given priority.

Among the 30 invited participants, five participants were invited as country representatives from theIndian Ocean region countries to introduce the situation in their countries, i.e. one participant from
India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Thailand, respectively.

Request for nomination was

distributed to several eligible institutions in reference to the consultation with ICHARM’s network.
ICHARM then evaluated the participants nominated by their respective institution.
The rest of participants were selected by TDMRC from relevant institutions by considering
representation of several important tsunami-prone coastal cities in Indonesia and municipalities within
Aceh Province.
The list of workshop participants including lecturers is shown in Table 2.2.

7

International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

Table 2.2 List of participants including lecturers
Nr

Name

Affiliation

Note

1

Dr. Ignatius
Prabhakar Pushparaj

Project Officer, SEEDS, India

Participant / country
representative2

Jirapoj
Chumpooprasit

Civil Engineer , Professional Level, Songkhla
Provincial Office of Disaster Prevention and
Mitigation, Thailand

Participant / country
representative

3

Azmi bin Ibrahim

Senior Engineer, Coastal Section, Department of
Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Natural Resourceand Environment, Malaysia

Participant / country
representative

4

A.H.Ravindra
KumaraDistrict Disaster Management Coordinator, District
Secretariat, Monaragala, Sri Lanka

Participant / country
representative

5

Dr. Subandono
Diposaptono

Director, Coastal and Marine Affairs, Ministry ofMarine Affair and Fisheries, Indonesia

Participant / lecturer

6

Ir. Nana Mulyana

Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, West-Java
Province, Indonesia

Participant

7

Kafrizan Zakaria

Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Bengkulu
Province, Indonesia

Participant

8

Ir. Riana Faiza

Office of Marine Affairs and Agriculture, Jakarta
Province, Indonesia

Participant / country
representative

9

Nazdan Meuraxa,
S.Pi, MP

Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Lampung
Province, Indonesia

Participant

10

Ir. Fegi Nurhabni,
MSc.

Engineer, Directorate of Coastal and Marine Affairs,
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia

Participant / country
representative

11

Ir. Muslim

Municipality Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries,
Pidie Jaya Regency, Indonesia

Participant

12

Ir. Zaini

Municipality Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries,
Aceh Besar Regency, Indonesia

Participant13

Laila Wijaya

Municipality Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries,
Banda Aceh City, Indonesia

Participant

14

Ir. Anas Fachruddin

Municipality Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries,
Sabang City, Indonesia

Participant

15

T. Anwar

Municipality Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries,
Simeulue Regency, Indonesia

Participant

16

Husni Yulham, SPi

Municipality Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries,
Aceh Barat Regency, Indonesia

Participant

17Drs. M. Yusuf D

Municipality Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries,
Aceh Jaya Regency, Indonesia

Participant

18

Samsunan, ST., MT

University of Teuku Umar

Participant19

Ishak, SPi

Municipality Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries,
Pidie Regency, Indonesia

Participant

20

Nanda Yuniza, ST.,
MT

Office of Development Planning Board, Aceh
Province, Indonesia

Participant(continued)

8

International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

Table 2.2 List of Participants including lecturers (continuation)
21

Elly Norita, ST., MT

Municipality Office of Irrigation, Banda Aceh City,
Indonesia

Participant

22

Ir. Maimun Rizalihadi,
MSc.Eng

Lecturer, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala
University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Participant

23

Baiman Fauzy

Yayasan Pelestarian Alam, NGO, Indonesia

Participant

24

Amir Fauzy, ST, Dipl
WRM

Lecturer, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala
University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Participant25

Darianto Manik, S.Sos

Team RAD/PMI, Indonesian Red-Cross, Aceh,
Indonesia

Participant

26

Akhyar

BWSS I, Indonesia

Participant

27

Dr. Teuku Alvisyahrin

TDMRC, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh,
Indonesia

Participant

28

Dr. Syamsidik

TDMRC, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh,
Indonesia

Participant

29

Dr. Eldina Fatimah

TDMRC, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh,
Indonesia

Participant /lecturer

30

Fahmi Zubir, LC, M.Pd

TDMRC, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh,
Indonesia

Participant

31

Didik Sugiyanto, MT.

TDMRC, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh,
Indonesia

Participant

32 Dr. Shigenobu Tanaka

Deputy Director, ICHARM, Tsukuba, Japan

Participant /lecturer

33 Dr. Dinar Catur Istiyanto

Research Specialist, ICHARM, Tsukuba, Japan

Participant /lecturer

9International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

10International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

Chapter 3

Workshop Activities

3.1

Opening Ceremony, Workshop explanation and Welcome party

Figure 3.1 A group photo of participants after the opening ceremony

The opening ceremony, workshop explanation
and welcome party were held on the first dayof the workshop at the venue, Hermes Palace
Hotel. All participants and invited persons
from Syiah Kuala University, City Office ofBanda Aceh, Aceh Province representative, etc.
attended this programme.
The welcome party was arranged to include adinner and Aceh’s cultural dance performanceby elementary school students. One of thedances choreographed events during thetsunami disaster that hit Banda Aceh in 2004.

11

Figure 3.2
ICHARM’s Deputy Director exchanged souvenirs
with the Rector of Syiah Kuala University and theVice Director of TDMRC in the opening party.

International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

The workshop was officially opened by the Rector of Syiah Kuala University, Prof. Darni M. Daud,
M.A. Following the opening ceremony, TDMRC’s Vice Director, Dr. M. Ridha, kindly delivered awelcome address and Dr. Shigenobu Tanaka, Deputy Director of ICHARM, explained the backgroundand outline of workshop’s activities.

3.2

The Second Day Activities

The second-day’s programme was started with presentations by country representatives of India,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand about the development of disaster awareness activities
in their countries.
A lecture on tsunami disaster management in Japan was delivered by Dr. Tanaka (ICHARM) andfollowed by a lecture on Planning and Design of THM that was delivered by Dr. Eldina Fatimah(TDMRC). Further, a lecture on THM and coastal disaster management was given by Dr. Subandono
Diposaptono (MMAF, Indonesia). Enriched by these three lectures, a group discussion on disasterawareness development as well as the role of THM was conducted by utilizing Project Cycle
Management approach to understand the cause and effect of the situations systematically.
The second-day’s programme was concluded by a lecture on Planning and Design of Coastal
Vegetation Belt for tsunami disaster mitigation by Dr. Dinar Istiyanto (ICHARM).

Figure 3.2 Pictures of several lectures and group discussion in the second day; (upper-left) Lecture
by Dr. Tanaka (ICHARM) ; (upper-right) Lecture by Dr. Subandono (MMAF, Director); (lower-left)
Lecture by Dr Eldina (TDMRC); (lower-right) A group of workshop’s participants discussed about
disaster awareness development during group-discussion session.

12

International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

3.3

The Third Day Activities

A field visit and historic tsunami tour started the programme on the third-day. Participants spent theentire morning to visit coastline protection and vegetation belt of casuarina and coconut trees at Alue
Naga Coast, inland-drifted and stranded boat at Lampulo Village, inland drifted and stranded electricpower generator ship at Punge Blang Cut Village, Uleuleu, tsunami pole at Meuraxa Sub District, andone of evacuation buildings at Meuraxa Sub District. This evacuation building also serves as TDMRC
office.
In the afternoon session, a general discussion was carried out to solicit ideas, requirements andsuggestions on the Draft Guideline of Planning and Design of Coastal Vegetation-belt for Tsunami
Mitigation, which is prepared by ICHARM.
The third-day activities were ended by presentation of the workshop summary and conclusions. The
Director of TDMRC, Dr. M. Dirhamsyah officially closed the workshop after delivering a closing
remark.

(a) (b)(c)

Figure 3.3
Field orientation visit and tsunami historic tour;(a) Casuarina belt at Alunaga Village; (b) inlanddrifted and stranded boat at Lampulo Village; (c)inland drifted and stranded electric-power
generator vessel at Punge Blang Cut Village; (d)tsunami pole at Blang Oi, Meuraxa Sub District

13

(d)

International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

14

International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

Chapter 4

Questionnaire on Disaster Awareness Development

4.1.

Questionnaire Set

A questionnaire set on tsunami disaster awareness, THM and coastal vegetation implementation was
distributed to the workshop’s participants to get general picture of recent situation about the above
addressed theme in the participant’s locality. Prior to the workshop, the participants were requested toprepare data related to the questionnaire items. The set of questions were made very general to get
initial related information as shown in Table 4.1.

4.2.

Questionnaire Results

In general, although a request had been communicated to the participants prior to the workshop, mostof the required data for the questionnaire were not available from the participants. Also, only 18 of 24
set of distributed questionnaire were fully filled out and returned. It should be noted too that 66% of
the respondents are from Aceh Province area, 12% from other Indonesian area, and 22% is equallyshared from India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Thailand. By this composition, conclusion for regional
representation is very hard to draw. Nevertheless, initial results on the addressed issues could be
provided by using the available data. This result is very valuable and considered important to give
direction toward further necessary investigation related to the development of tsunami disasterawareness.

(a) Tsunami Hazard Mapping
Figure 4.1 shows statistics of THM development in 12 coastal villages in Nangroe Aceh
Darussalam (Aceh) Province of Indonesia. The map of these 12 locations is shown at the left side of
the figure. At the upper right, pie-diagram shows that only one among 12 (8%) coastal villages in
Aceh Province of Indonesia have developed THM, and among those have not yet developed THM
only 2 villages (16%) have a plan to develop THM in the near future (lower right pie-diagram). This
information indicates that inclusion of THM in the local development planning has not been given
serious attention in this area. Considering that these villages are highly prone to tsunami, it isimportant to encourage THM development in these villages with the support of government.

15

International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

Jeulinke
Merduati
Lampulo

Banda
Aceh

Kajhu







LamngaPantai
Meupeudu

CalangKampung
Belakang
Gunong Kleng

1
Ujong Blang

11
ACEH
PROVINCE
Bakonganpasierajalabuhan

THM available
THM not available

2

2
7

have a planno planno answer

Figure 4.1 Statistics of THM development in 12 coastal villages in Nangroe Aceh
Darussalam (Aceh) Province of Indonesia. The map of these 12 locations
is shown at the left side of the Figure. At the upper right, pie-diagramshows that only one among 12 (8%) coastal villages in Aceh Province ofIndonesia have developed THM, and among those have not yet
developed THM only 2 villages (16%) have a plan to develop THM in thenear future (lower right pie-diagram).
In Thailand, a good progress of THM development was informed for the case of PhiPhi Island. In
this area, THMs have been made for the level of province, city, and district area.
In Sri Lanka, it was reported that the community of Dickwella Village made their own THM anddistributed to all households in this village.

(b) Disaster Awareness Development
Fifty percent of respondents mentioned that they are

no -answer

16%

actively collecting information related to possible tsunami
events in their localities from trusted institutions. The trusted
institutions include department of meteorology, TV News,

twice/year11%

no-drill
26%

NGOs, and universities.
It was reported that 50% of villages in Aceh, Indonesia,

once/year
47%

have been developing various types of coastline protection
structure (seawall, breakwater, evacuation building), but further
investigation are necessary to identify detail dimension and themain purpose of those structures construction. Meanwhile, 90%of respondents outside Aceh informed that no protection
structures have been built in their localities.

16

Figure 4.2
Frequency of evacuation drill
activities in a year carried out
in the respondent’s villages

International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

About 90% of respondents expressed their understanding that relocation to a safer area is one of
the best options for tsunami disaster mitigation, and many of them noted that convincing village
residents is a big challenge.
Regarding the evacuation drills, 60% of the villages carried out at least one drill after Indian
Ocean tsunami 2004. Within this, 47% of the villages carry out the drill regularly once per year and
11% do it twice a year. The arrangement and preparation of evacuation drills in 80% of the cases werecarried out collaboratively by the community and government. Figure 4.2 shows the related piediagram of frequency of evacuation drill activities in a year carried out in the respondent countries.
Only 16% of the villages in Aceh, Indonesia, have developed disaster-fighting groups facilitatedby the government.
(c) Development of Coastal Vegetation Belt
Fifty percent of villages in Banda Aceh have planted coastal vegetation for tsunami disastermitigation. The vegetation types include casuarina, coconut, anacardium, terminalia catappa andmangrove. Dickwella villagers in Sri Lanka also planted coconut and casuarina along their coast withthe support of local government.

17International Workshop on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Management

Table 4.1 Questionnaire-set
QUESTIONAIRE
On tsunami disaster awareness, tsunami hazard mapping and coastal vegetation implementation.
Local information:
1. Country: …………………; State/Province: …………………; City/Regency: ……………..
2. Name of the most tsunami prone coastal village in your locality: …………………………….
3. What is the exact position of the village (latitude …………………; longitude……………..)
4. How far is the distance (approximately) between the coastline and the nearest houses in thisvillage? …………….. meters.
5. Human population data of the village(a) Total population: ………….. people; male: ……people; female: ……. people(b) Number of households: ………
(c) Age distribution: > 65yrs…. people; between 15 and 65yrs: …. people; < 15yrs: …. people(d) Livelihood: fisherman:…. People; farmer: ….people; government officer/teacher:….people; others (service, shop, garage, etc):… people(e) Welfare level: daily income less than USD 1 : ……… people

Disaster awareness development
6. Has your coastal village experienced a tsunami attack? (a) Yes(b) NoIf “no”, go directly to the question nr. 6. If “yes” then answer :(a) In what year? (It can be more than one event) ……………………………………………
(b) How many casualties (killed people)? ……………………………………………………
(c) How many percent of the houses and infrastructures were destroyed? …………
(d) How far did the inundation reach inland area? …………………………………………….
(e) How high was the inundation depth at the coastline? …………………………………
7. Are there any trusted information mentioning that your coastal village has a potential to be
attacked by tsunami in the (near) future?

(a) Yes(b). No

What is the name of institution that gave this information? ………………………………….
8. Are you really well-informed and do you believe that tsunami will attack your coastal village
in the (near) future? (a) Yes(b) No9. Are you actively collecting any information related to possible tsunami events regarding yourlocality?

(a)Yes(b) No10. If you believe that tsunami will potentially attack your coastal village, do you agree to relocate
to a safer area?

(a) Yes(b) No(continued)

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Table 4.1 Questionnaire-set (Continuation)
11. If your answer to question nr 10 is “no”, please write down the reason: ……………………….
12. If you are living nearby coastline, do you agree to relocate to safer area? (a) Yes(b) No13. What kind of activities related to disaster awareness is conducted in your locality?
(a) Evacuation drill; how many times a year? ……………………
(1) by community (2) by government(3) by cooperation between community andgovernment(b) Tsunami hazard mapping; (1) by community (2) by government(3) by cooperation

between community and government(c) Development of disaster fighting group within community who share specificresponsibilities related to disaster countermeasure.
(d) Construction of protection structure; what kind of protection structure? ………………… ;Length:……….; Width:………….;(1) by community (2) by government(3) by cooperation between community andgovernment(e) Planting of coastal vegetation to reduce tsunami energy; Length:……….;
Width:………….; name of vegetation:…………….
(1) by community (2) by government(3) by cooperation between community andgovernment

Tsunami hazard mapping
14. Does your locality have a tsunami hazard map (THM)? (a) Yes(b) No15. If your answer to the question nr.14 is “Yes”  which areas are covered by the available
THM? (selection may be more than one choice):(a) Country-wide(b) State/Province(c) City/Regency (d) District(e) Village

16. If your answer on the question nr.14 is “No”, is there any plan of THM development?
(a) Yes(b) No(c) when will it be completed? ……………….

17. If your answer to the question nr.14 is “Yes”, what kind of information is available on this
THM (selection may be more than one choice):a) tsunami inundation data (b) evacuation routes(c) emergency evacuation places,(d) other information:……………………………………………………….
18. If your answer to the question nr.14 is “Yes”, Who are involved in the development of THM:
(1) by community (2) by government(3) by cooperation between community andgovernment
19. Is tsunami hazard map distributed to all households in your locality? (a) Yes

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Chapter 5

Workshop Conclusion and Further Activities

5.1

Workshop Conclusion

According to the group discussion results, several conclusions can be drawn as follows:
1) Tsunami disaster may cause huge casualties because of lack of awareness and protection .
2) Lack of awareness may be caused by unreliable information and little knowledge andunderstanding about the risk.
3) THM shall be used to communicate reliable information and develop knowledge andunderstanding about the risk.
4) Integration of THM into the local development program enables effective and sustainable tsunami
disaster mitigation.
5) Perfect protection will be impossible; however any kind of protection to reduce hazard levels of
tsunami is necessary. In this regard, the implementation of coastal vegetation shall be considered.

5.2

Further Necessary Activities

At the final session of the workshop, the further necessary investigations or problems to be tackled aredescribed as follows:
1) Enhancement of the Guideline for Planning and Design of Coastal Vegetation Belt for Tsunami
Mitigation (Draft version, ICHARM, 2009) to be more simple and implementable. Translation ofthis guideline into other languages is highly demanded to support planning and design of tsunami
mitigative coastal vegetation belt.
2) Participants should sincerely educate local people towards correct understanding and knowledgeof the danger of tsunami, important preparedness action (including coastal forest implementation,
tsunami hazard mapping, etc.)
3) It is requested and expected that: the participants inform the progress of coastal forest development in their localities to
ICHARM the participants make a plan on specific activity related to disaster awareness development intheir localities and communicate the progress to ICHARM and/or TDMRC.

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Closing Remarks:
Cooperation with Local Institute for Local Capacity Development

After the implementation of this workshop, ICHARM learned that:
Sustainable communication and information exchange with the ex-participants of ICHARM’s training
courses are very important to develop mutual consultation and to get valuable inputs on local water related
disaster management issues based on which ICHARM shall do follow-up action to create mutual demanded
program.
This workshop was successfully conducted in cooperation with TDMRC. Such cooperation with many local
research institut es will abridge the dissemination of ICHARM’s research results into regional as well as local
communities. This workshop is a part of ICHARM’s strategy, namely “Localism”, which aims to develop
actual cooperation with local research institutes to seek the solution for local issues. In promoting “Localism”,
local implementation activity is required. This local activity will be effectively conducted when a sustainable
cooperation with local research institution is established. In this relation, taking into account the previous
collaborative activities and common objectives of that provide a unique opportunity to further develop futurecooperation, ICHARM and TDMRC signed a Memorandum of Understanding in June 21, 2010 to conductcollaborative research, co-organizing technical conferences, encouraging exchange visits and collaboration in
job-trainings and internships, establishing links between the Parties WebPages and developing electronic
communications and jointly preparing technical an d scientific reports in areas of mutual interest.

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Acknowledgement

We would like to express our deep gratitude to the management and all members of TDMRC for their sincere
cooperation in co-organizing this international workshop successfully.
We would like to convey our deepest appreciation towards Dr. Teuku Alvisyahrin of TDMRC for his
maximum contribution in preparing this workshop report.
Sincere thanks and appreciation is also conveyed to all participants for their active involvement in theworkshop lectures and discussion as well as their cooperation in preparing presentation and responding thequestionnaire.

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Appendix:

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