FINAL REPORTKISUMU COUNTY LEADERSHIP &DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE, 2013

Submitted to:TOKYO FOUNDATION

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SUMMARY OF ISSUESIBACKGROUND

Preparatory meetings
Preparatory meetings kicked off with the signing of the grant. Forum organizers met severally in
Nairobi and Kisumu, both for internal consultations and in smaller meetings with decision makers
in order to realize a by-in for the activity. We held meetings with representatives of the Governors’
Office in Kisumu; the County Assembly members; Executive Committee as well as mobilizers. The
local media and select political leaders were also met. In addition civil society leaders from theregion were also targeted in the preparatory meetings. Relevant meetings in Nairobi focused on theentire conference procedures and delivery.
Mapping invitations and follow ups
The Conference Committee drew up a representative sample of the main actors in the devolved
government in the County. The delegates at the meeting were therefore drawn from the sevenconstituencies in Kisumu so as to achieve better reach and follow up of issues discussed. Further,national actors like the Transition Authority, Commission of Allocation of Revenue (CRA), the Kenya
National Commission for Human Rights and NGOs like Legal Resources Foundation were invited aswell. The purpose of the latter was to enable essential community contact making as well as raise
relevant literature and materials on the issue.
Finally, a deliberate sample of neighboring delegates from the Muhoroni/Nandi borders were
included since issues of border conflicts, leading to intermittent ethnic skirmishes along the area
has been a big challenge to social cohesion in the area (see http://www.thestar.co.ke/news/article-139848/chemelil-youth-killed-border-nandi ,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Jb82mbff74 ).
Collaboration and Exhibitions at Conference
It became important to involve other stakeholders in bringing the conference together, especiallydirect national bodies involved in the implementation of the new constitution. In particular, wetargeted the Transition Authority, the Commission for Revenue Allocation, the Ethics and AntiCorruption Commission as well as the Kenya National commission for Human Rights.
As the meeting also focused on mapping out the development agenda of the county, development
organizations and research institutions were invited to take part. This required redesigning the side
events to include exhibitions. The Governance agencies described above brought diverse literatureand other materials for public education at the forum while development groups like the Kenya
Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), and the Lake Basin Authority, which also were present
brought resources like seedlings, fertilizer innovations and related farmer inputs for public
education and purchase. This was relevant because the County is highly agricultural area.

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LESSONS LEARNT
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The importance of personal contacts and networks is essential in organizing meetings ofthis nature. Many background meetings relied on networks of personal nature to meet withsome of the decision makers.
The centrality of collaboration with stakeholders, especially government agencies (thiscould ensure sustainability of outcomes; uptake of relevant recommendations and wide useof relevant government documentations)
Volunteers: Large forums have a lot of sideline activities to deal. Logistical outlays andcoordination work better with sufficient numbers of volunteers available to the organizing
team for this purpose. They may be required to distribute invites, clean and secure meetingareas, provide security, assist caterers etc. This was a good practice that we found.
Accountability: Please keep your receipts securely as soon as you are provided with them,bargain prices and write down payments. In many rural settings, supplies will have receipts
without invoices.
Media work – This depends on the obtaining local media culture. In Kenya, the Media issensational and selective. It tends to cover politicians rather than issues, and suchsensationalization characterized the media report on the Kisumu Leadership andDevelopment Conference (see reports).

Impacts of meeting
A few more citizen groups have emerged since the Conference, in part driven by the collective
advocacy of some of the participants in the August Governance Forum. We have continued toengage with them in brainstorming development options for Kisumu County as well as a frameworkfor peaceful conflict resolution in conflict prone areas such as Muhoroni and Nyakach
constituencies. The development challenges here are many and cannot disappear overnight but we
continue to work with others to highlight them. See www.the-star.co.ke/news/article.../3-deadmuhoroni-bow-and-arrow-raid ; mo ile.nation.co. e ews hree-shot-dead-in... - inde .html;
http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/article-137277/muhoroni-jobless-youth-take-cattle-theft-saysresearch
The Conference proceedings continue to inform many social and development debates in the
county as a multiple number of institutional and individual actors have been furnished with copies
of resolutions (annexed to this report).

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NARRATIVE REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE
DAY I
The meeting began with prayer and introductions of all the various stakeholders invited. Soon after
the introductions were done, Mr. Otieno Aluoka gave introductory comments in which hehighlighted the main purpose of the meeting. He explained that the conference was important totrack the development goals in the new Kisumu County, discuss the protection of marginalized
communities and groups in the community as well as the challenges required in transforming
leadership/governance in the region.
He also noted the imperative need for leaders in the region to prioritize the needs of their people
and work with them to enhance devolution and realize its potential for development. He also noted
how this meeting was the first of its kind to be held in the county and it would be commendable
were the fruits of the meeting to be widely disseminated and implemented. He encouraged theparticipants to make Kisumu County a sterling example to other counties as far as devolution isconcerned. To do so, all key stakeholders involved must work together, he added.
Next Mr. Olang Sana, a Senior Lecturer at Maseno University took to the stage andhighlighted the uniqueness of the meeting in bringing about change in Chemelil as well as the larger
Kisumu County. In this context, the important question to be answered is whether political party
manifestos are important for development. He noted that it is vital to consider this question
since Kenya is still fresh from an election and some political parties were threatened with
deregistration due to their absence in most of the 47 counties forming the county.
Political parties are important in democratic countries. Although they also are in existenceeven in the absence of democracy in some countries, they provide an avenue of promoting certain
ideologies. The main aim of political parties is to capture state power and use it. In order to so theymust have minimum values telling people who they are and why they are worth being elected tohold state offices. These values are inalienable in that they should set standards that are acceptable.
Political parties usually propel certain ideologies that are the foundation of their values. Ideology isa shared belief amongst some people on how the state should be organized that is the political
ideology among many those in a political party and they get an opportunity to implement theirideology. Manifesto –a statement of the principles and goals they desire to achieve, contract
between the office holders and those who will elect them.
In Kenya there were 62 parties but only few of them launched their manifesto prior to the elections.
CORD1 and JUBILEE2 Coalition launched their coalition manifesto but this is a problem because it

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CORD or the Coalition for Reforms and Democracy is the opposition coalition of parties, which failed to win the2013 elections. It is the dominant Coalition Party in Kisumu County because the Orange Democratic Movement(ODM) led by Raila Odinga from the region is a member of the Coalition.
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gives rise to a contradiction. The parties in the coalition seemed to present common shared values.
Is this possible? From examination of the two manifestos, Olong observed that the party
manifestoes seemed similar in kind, just clothed differently. They were mainly neoliberal parties;
are owned by individuals – ‘mem ers clu s’. he manifestos are not developed by party leaders;
they hire experts to develop manifestos in oblivion of the needs of the people and therefore end up
being unrealistic. Moreover since parties are dynamic and constantly changing, they fail to relatethem to a specific agenda. (Issues elicited plenary discussions).
In other developed countries, leaders do not promise what they cannot deliver since when they failto deliver; this becomes a serious problem due to the weight of the promises given to the people.
They must give promises they can deliver. We can derive from party manifestos development to acertain extent but this highly depends on the goodwill of the person in power, such as the case of
laptops for primary schools promised by the Jubilee Coalition.

PLENARY
The delegates in plenary discussed arising issues, addressing the following important questions;
Any framework guiding in framing manifestos as provide for by the constitution and the law?
Are Party manifestoes contractual?
Any redress for failing to accomplish the provided promises in the manifestos?
If the manifesto is made for the community, what involvement do they have?
What is link between party, county and country manifesto?
What is the right to recall and which would the leader be answerable to or put to task?
Redress for any members who do not agree with party manifesto?
Is it possible to amend manifesto if priorities change if it fails to be practicable- jubilee amended
that its manifesto?
What is the priority giving handouts Vis-a -Vis upholding party manifesto?
Should ideology and culture change?
Is there a way to redress this situation of lack of accountability?
The Plenary discussions were heated and interesting. Participants used local examples drawing
from the political campaigns to discuss the use of political party manifestoes after the elections. In
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JUBILEE Coalition is the Ruling Party Coalition in Kenya. Its main membership consists of the United Republic
Party (URP) and The National Alliance (TNA) headed by Deputy President William Ruto, and the President, Uhuru
Kenyatta respectively.
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terms of county governance, how do the Manifestoes apply? How leaders are held accountable forpromises delivered during the campaigns?
Delegates related local development gaps and political promises made in the campaigns. Muchappreciation was made on the relevance of continued vigilance by citizens in keeping electedleaders aware of the campaign promises and pushing them to fulfill them. A number of the main
points of these discussions are summarized in the questions captured above.

BETTY OKERO- GENDER, MINORITIES AND MARGINALIZATION

Betty Okero, the head of Western Kenya NGOs Network in Kisumu started her presentation byobserving that there are certain instances that manifestos open doors for women and provide aframework or guide for women’s empowerment. However at National and international level, otherframeworks become available in the protection of marginalized sections of the population like
Women and other minorities.
GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKThe governance framework that currently exists is based on;
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Kenya’s Constitution, 2010- implementation should be more progressive
Budget-Justice, Laws for women ,child protection
Local Laws (County Laws)
International Instruments
Global Agreements- MDG’s W O and their impact on our livelihood

These frameworks form the basis for engagement as well as protection of rights that ensure thatengagement and participation of women in development is enhanced. The existence of theseframeworks makes it a requisite for demanding an economic, social and political right which meansthat institutions and individual representatives make sure that the said frameworks are protectiveof women participation protect and support their economic empowerment and also provide forguaranteed social protection. Of course the budget remains a most important tool for ensuring thatdevelopment programs are specifically geared towards ensuring that interventions are put in place
and resources allocated that go a long way in the drive towards poverty eradication/empowermentof women.
It is from these frameworks that one can demand for enhanced women’s representation in decision
making. With right advocacy, the frameworks provides momentum to have certain rights enshrined(economic and social), and relevant guideline provided for any development intervention. It is also
from these frameworks that governments derive their powers, while the people have their rights
and interests protected and guaranteed.

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A discussion then ensued on Kisumu County Budget 2013/2014 and what it means for the
women in the county
Any intervention should be able to achieve a reduction in challenges, an increase in opportunities
beneficial for economic growth and participation of all marginalized communities and people in an
equitable manner.
Betty also led the discussion on the UN Millennium Development Goals and how in policy planning,these targets can protect women. he MDG’s are a out rights, equita le societies, economic
empowerment, designing for pro-poor policies which involve ;Land, water, technology, innovation,
infrastructure, energy, credit and financial services. This is essential to economic and social
development and these goals usually form the basis of the party manifestos.
INTERVENTION IN SOCIAL PROTECTION PROJECTS
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Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger
Achieving universal primary education – which has enabled more girls to go toschool and less in labor
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improving maternal healthCombating HIV/AIDS malaria and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development

All our interventions should be focused towards fulfilling the MDGs. The reason why countries signand support these goals is because they provide a framework for reducing challenges that remain
towards achieving a better life. Therefore our engagement in the budget making processes shouldinterrogate how they will have the overall impact of addressing inequalities, reducing
vulnerabilities while at the same time increasing opportunities for economic empowerment.
There is need to be more aware and to scrutinize the on goings of the county government to look at
the county budget and analyze and peruse expenditure and plans of the county government. The
whole aim of devolution is to bring services closer to the people and therefore the people have totake an active role in being involved in ensuring that those services are actually provided.
There is also need to readjust perception as to the change of governance; how to engage at the levelof county governance and be more interactive in the role of the local level government. We need to
be aware of our rights and to protect them in order to reduce impunity. Citizens must also question/ be firm and realign priorities from politics to development. Finally there is need to interrogate thedocument and budget allocations/ engage the government, become active participants inleadership and accountability issues. This would make social protection as a right a vision for
constant reinforcements.
4Questions-What has been done with the funds that have been allocated? Current expenditure 60 percent needfor more money for development and need to have money for devolution starting to appreciate thatwhich is important for you in order to provide certainty.
-Public hearing to attend with fellow women- need for ward rep to be more interactive with themand interrogate them
-Women Enterprise Fund; women have not been able to access this fund, the machine is not yet
ready many months from the time it was established, how is the situation to be addressed?
Functions that have been transferred to the county government the funds that have been allocatedto address those functions however the funds are insufficient how we address these issues of
insufficient funds. We also need to be more proactive so that we can access these services.
Next, Honorable Gideon Ochanda, MP for Bondo Constituency – Member of the CORD Coalition and
ODM - (photo below) took to the floor to speak on the party politics and dynamics that occur in theparty politics relating these to the lack of development in the County. He also went on to discuss therole of the Transition Authority.

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On women’s economic empowerment, Hon. Ochanda commented that residents should learn how
to demand and have access to loan financing. Women themselves need to understand how theyshould get access to the Women’s Fund.
In putting the new devolved government in perspective, Hon. Ochanda cautioned delegates against
over expectations regarding powers of the presidency and implications of this on the county
development. He said; “We needed to slowly disinterest people in the presidency and remove thekind of expectations that we had placed on the presidency. Presidential powers needed to be spread
downwards that’s is what the constitution provides - the decentralization of power and that is why
you can now see that you have a county rep here and if you think of it that way we really did notloose with the presidency -we actually gained si other leaders…we just lost the presidency.
Nothing else. So, all is not lost given the statistics of ODM’s victory in the region.”
He added “So let’s not count it all as losses how do we now place our fresh e pectations? heexpectations outside there are completely different from what our constitution actually provides,
now we are in a parliament that is a big noise making institution because the plenary of parliament
does not discuss substantial issues it is just a voting machine it does not interest itself with mattersof public importance and implementation of government policies”
New County government: New Horizons for governance. Discussions also observed;
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Now the ministers are not expected to sit in parliament so if a member of parliament has an
issue to rise with any ministry now who will he address the questions to? The chair of thedepartment comes at a later point of time to read the response in parliament.
The two houses of parliament do not agree. The constitution has placed the two housed at
the same level. The constant squabbles between the two houses have proven to be very
unproductive/ senators represent county governments while national assembly represents
the people therefore there is an overlap of functions of the two houses. Therefore thebudgets of each of the houses will directly affect the functions of the other house.
Did the national executive swear to work with a constitution that they do not believe in?
Debate on referendum on how to change our constitution and this is the beginning of theloss of the good values that this constitution has within it.
The county budget committee is misguided on how to budget for the money that is given tothem .One cannot transfer money first before they figure out what to do with the moneythat is why the county transition authority has been brought in because we have messed up
out transition. But they were not facilitated as they were not paid on time.
National executive that is divided and this against the spirit of the constitution and we also
have a struggling county government this is a big mess.
We are not well prepared for devolution /patch work makes no sense at this point. County
governments are busy recruiting members of the county governments. However according
to the constitution this function has not been transferred to them this is the function of the
public service commission.
A county under an ODM government should put forward an ODM manifesto and it should bewhat guides the county government and thereby informing the budget of the county. We do6not have a common thread tying the policies in terms of what they want to achieve in 10
years and tie it to vision 2030.
Issues that Hon. Ochanda noted were the lack of enabling laws to enhance devolution and there wasneed to make laws specific to themselves by the county assembly specific to themselves while thenational assembly generates law as per the agenda provided by the executive.
For devolution to function, there is need for good will from the national political executive, need forsynchronization between the various authorities and as well the need for information to come fromone centre i.e. the national executive.
A clear guideline that follows from president and deputy president from the transitional authority
to the grass root level, and since there is no difference of manifestos, the difference is merely
semantics and there has been exclusive division of labor between the national and executive
government.
However there can still be reposition of the functions from the national to the county government
at the cost of the national government but above all, there has to be the effective delivery of services.
Accordingly, every county government shall decentralize its functions in a way that is practicableaccording to Art 176 (2).

PLENARY
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ODM nominations were flawed that led to the disqualification, what way ensuresthat they win back the seat of former ODM governor?
Redress the situation for lack of upholding manifesto?
How does ODM plan to put its house in order to enhance democracy?
Despite disbursement of funds lack of development what accountable way do wehave to ensure that those funds that have been properly utilized will be disbursed?
What is the method of amendment of constitution? Is the referendum a good thing
or a bad thing or a bad thing?
Due to duplication of roles the question of loyalty to national government comes
into play? How will this be addressed?
Due to flawed recruitment we might have people who are not committed to
devolution and export labor as efforts by those who have refused to professionalize
the state, how do we intend to redress this situation?
County governments are required to come up with their own strategic plan andneed to come with a clean-up exercise what are the plans of the Kisumu County inthis regard?

In plenary, delegates also discussed the progress made by the country towards devolution. Hon.
Ochanda helped in discussing the performance of the Transition Authority, established under theTransition to Devolved Governments Act (Cap. 265A), 2012 (TDGA, 2012) to oversee the process. It
7was understood that staff and/or personnel rationalization, for instance has remained a challenge
to the agency. There are further challenges in the utilization of seconded professional technical staff,
especially in the domain of planning. Whereas the TA has seconded such staff to counties, thecounty governments continue to outsource consultancies in such fields from individuals and firms
without coordination with it. The TA is also not well resourced hence its failure to demonstratecompetence.

In PLENARY, other discussions revolved around the following topics;Participants’ e pectations for the ational government, and what were they (If CORD won)?
Have these expectations been met?
Participants’ e pectations in Raila win?
What is this devolution business? What is it about/ majority of us seem not to care what isgoing on. We still mourning Raila’s loss? We lost our expectations and we lost our agenda
now what do we do?

Ochanda engaged the delegates on managing their expectations. He noted that after the loss of
CORD coalition in the elections, some people have no expectations in the new government because
they have not taken time to understand the new system of governance and their roles.

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County Ministers
Two County Executive Committee ministers also attended the Conference on its first day:Dr. Ruth Omondi, Minister for Tourism, Trade and Heritage stated that development encompasses
specific ideas such as tourism and trade which are major sectors of the economy which can be agreat source of revenue if properly exploited. Tourism is really wanting in Kisumu despite the many
tourist attractions, the earnings from Kisumu tourism are non- existent and it is hoped that within
two years tourism should have improved due to projects to improve the tourist attraction sites in
the area starting with clean-up of the lake. Trade also in sugar, rice and other sectors need also to
be improved.
The Minister for Water, Prof. Abonyo addressed the various issues on access to clean and safe waterthat are the lakeside and stated the various efforts that have been made;-Supplement with solar powered pumps
Ensure every primary school has water and groups of water harvesting andunderground water storage
Feasibility studies have been conducted in relation to several projects for supplying
water

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DAY TWO

government.

Group work involving all participants
working through six thematic caucuses to
identify leadership priorities for the county
government was the first activity on thesecond day of conference. Group reports
generated by the various caucuses were
presented in plenary and validated.
Areas of discussions were;- Agriculture- Health- Education- Water- Security, AND- Roads and Infrastructure
These are all very crucial sectors fordevelopment, and the country government iscentrally placed to lead the reforms for mostof them in the context of devolved

The reports formed basis for Conference resolutions/recommendations passed in the two days. They
touched on the various thematic areas on politics, development and policy reforms required for the county
government. The agreed action areas are briefly captured in this report in the annex of recommendations.
Next Churchill Suba (see picture, extreme right) took the stage. He explained the purpose and the aim ofdevolution; being to decentralize resources and provide development in response to historical politicalmarginalization by the national government of certain parts of the country. He explained that devolution is
the transfer of functions, decision making, power and resources from central government to other smaller
governments. Previously devolution had been used synonymously to mean delegation and deconcentration. However this position is not true because devolution is the strongest form decentralization.
This is so because it involves;Transfer of functions such as health agriculture, county roads, slaughter house,
environment have been transferred to county governments
Resources follow functions i.e. need for resources to be able to cater for thefunctionsPower to make decisions over those resources is also transferred it is the strongest
form of decentralization.
10Delegation- Government transfers limited number of functions and certain number ofresources but there is no decision making power over those resources.
De-concentration- functions are transferred but no resources are transferred and no decision
making power over those resources and therefore it is the weakest form of decentralization.
Objects of devolution
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To promote democratic and accountable use of power
Foster national unity by recognizing diversity
Give powers of self-governance to the people and enhance the participation of thepeople in the exercise of the powers of the state and in making decisions affecting
them.
Recognize the right of communities to manage their own affairs and further theirdevelopment
Protect and promote the interest and rights of minorities and marginalized
communities
Promote social and economic development and the provision of proximate, easily
accessible services throughout Kenya.
To ensure equitable sharing of national and local resources throughout Kenya
To facilitate the decentralization of state organs, their functions and services, fromthe capital of Kenya and to enhance checks and balances and separation of powers.

The structure of devolved government
Legislative (County assembly) legislative arm of county government- senator, speaker,
deputy speaker, nominated members to ensure gender parity. However there is need toelect more women in order to refrain from using resources to pay salaries throughnominating women in order to ensure gender parity is maintained.
Executive- This is made up of the appointed executive cabinet
However the lack of judiciary at county level allows predictability, certainty, andconsistency in law making throughout the country.
Key principle in devolution is public participation as the citizens have power to petition torecall member in county assembly s. 27. However despite this provision there are certain
benchmarks that are required before one can institute such proceedings such as;Cannot be initiated before 24 months- to ensure stabilization and provide
opportunity for him or her to perform.
Grounds- has violated provisions of chap 6
Has violated elections act no 24. Of 2011
Violation of any other written law
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Go to high court to validate the veracity of the claims leveled against him
30 of those who registered as voters and claims must have registered as a voter andvoted, only those who registered as voters at the time of election as a leader.

Requirements of county governments
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County governments are required to have competitive process of recruitment
holderCounty assemblies are allowed subdivide ward to village and even further subdivide.
There shall be council of village elders should be approved by county assembly.
Establish a citizen forum to participate to get feedback and ideas to mattersaffecting the county government
Puts up notice boards for vacancies on village, notice boards and tenders forservices or goods and give feedback as to awards and recruitments.
Provide ICT centers
All elected leaders hold town halls to share information and one is allowed toquestion.
Put a notice, people contracted to do it in order to track progress

In plenary, delegates discussed the presentations alongside group work (annexed) leading to theadoption of Conference resolutions and action points. These were mainly along sectoraldevelopment issues like Health, Water, Education, Infrastructure and Security. In-depth discussions
on these topics have continued after the conference. The Action Points formed basic submission to
the County’s Integrated Development Plan that has een under discussion for some time. In the end,
final votes of thanks were given and the conference officially closed.

12Annexures

13Elections and the Promise of Political Party Manifestos in Development (With Comparative
Illustrations from other Countries

A Paper Presented at the Kisumu Stakeholders’ Leadership Conference on County
Leadership and Development, Chemelil Conference, August 25 th -27th 2013

Presenter:
Olang Sana
Lecturer – SDSS
Maseno University
Email: jsanaoke@yahoo.com

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Talking Notes
Introduction
Political parties are central formations in the governance of any modern democratic state. This isbecause democracy in a modern state is inconceivable without open electoral competition for
power by a multiplicity of political parties.
The main aim of a political party is to capture state power and to form a government. However, theculture of political parties in any country is directly related to the purposes for the existence of theState. The state exists to pursue both national and external interests. It is the national interest thatwill concern us today.
It is safe to assume that Post Moi Kenyan state is constituted to cultivate democracy, rule of law,respect for human rights, and economic development. A quick look at the names of registeredpolitical parties before 2013 election confirms this suspicion. This implies that political parties inmany states have minimum non-negotiable core values to which they adhere.
A political party is critical in ideological formation. An ideology is basically a philosophy or a set ofprinciples that underlie a political programme. It consists of shared beliefs, attitudes, andassumptions that cause a certain group of people to join together and develop and advocate specificpolitical programme. An ideology is therefore a view of the world that produces consistent
approaches to a range of specific political and social issues.
Related to party ideology is party manifesto. A manifesto can be defined as a statement of the goals
and principles the party promises to pursue if voted into power. It is a formal document of party
principles and policies.
As a contract with the voters, the manifesto spells out party’s perception of the country’s pro lemsand states how the party proposes to address and help achieve the collective aspirations of thenation if elected. In general, manifesto sets out the measures which the party proposes to take inorder to improve public services (development).
A credi le party manifesto must also justify the party’s plans, prove its commitment to them, andpersuade the pu lic that these plans are feasi le. However, a party’s a ilities and efficacy can only
be fully tested when it forms the government and attempts to implement its programme.
Kenya’s Political Party Manifestos during 2013 General Election
Kenya had some 62 parties registered by June 2012. Out of this number, only a few officiallylaunched their manifesto. As we are all aware, two leading political parties – Jubilee and CORD
were a coalition of political parties. Now that were are out of the elections, it should worry us how agroup of political parties formed with the agenda of capturing state power and forming agovernment can hurriedly agree to enter into a coalition and to subsequently come up with one

15manifesto. If such kind of development were possible in mature democracies, then those parties
would simply wind up and form one political entity.
Why? Because there is a confluence of beliefs and attitudes among members that form the coalitionand hence it is needless to have them retain independent parties.
But we know too well what happened.
The manifestos of the few parties that took the trouble to launch them tell us that there is anaspiration among Kenyan political elites to construct a liberal democratic state. a liberal state bases
its ideology on tolerance, individual liberty, human rights, democracy etc. It is an opposite of asocialist state.
Consequently, the manifestos of Kenyan political parties are not radically different. This, we canconfirm by examining the manifesto of Jubilee Coalition and the Coalition for Reforms and
Democracy (CORD).
CORD’s Ten Point Programme as captured in its manifesto was as follows:
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Jobs
Food security
Security
People led-government
Poverty and Cost of Living
Social Equality
Infrastructure and Land
Quality Education
Health care
One Indivisible nation

Some issues captured in Jubilee Manifesto include:
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Security
Foreign Trade
Sports, Art Culture
Health care
Education (1 teacher for 40 students)
Youth empowerment
jobs and enterprise
women empowerment
Growth and development (creating 1million jobs)
Women empowerment
Manufacturing
ICT
Tourism
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Land
EnergyAgriculture
Water
Environment
Transport
Road networks
Housing
Corruption
Charity
Devolution
Boosting local economies

How then do we explain lack of correlation between party manifesto and unfulfilledpromises?
Explaining the problem
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


Newness of Kenyan political parties can help explain their weakness. Pioneer African
political parties were ethnic entities.
Political parties are parties of personalities. They do not espouse any ideologicalprogramme.
Kenyan political elites develop manifestos to which they have no commitment. More often
than not, presidential, candidates hire experts to develop party manifestos which areintended to impress the international community and the literate public.
Party manifestos are too ambitious and unrealistic. Consequently, the electorate does nottake them seriously especially after a long experience of unfulfilled promises.
Majority of the electorate do not care about manifestos of party programme. Some do noteven care to master the name of the party especially given their mobility. All that matters is
the presidential candidate and his/her ethnic identity. Under such conditions, manifestos
are a waste of time.
Mobility and shifting alliances hence citizens find it extremely difficult to associate anagenda with a particular political party.
Kenyan political elites are well aware that the electorate cannot hold them to account forunfulfilled promises. In any event, majority of the electorate never get a copy their party’s
manifesto. Less than a half of the people who get copies of party manifesto spare time toread them. And a much smaller number take the manifestos seriously.
Majority of manifestos are couched in technical English language. Lack of vernacularversions limits the participation and involvement of the lower uneducated class.
Few political elites ever scan the international environment while developing their party
manifestos. Yet the international donor community is an indispensable actor indevelopment process.
17Comparative Illustrations with political parties in other developed Counties






Commitment to ideology
Recruitment and party membership
Party funding sources are not individual based
Citizens can hold parties to accountParties are not ethnic based

So, can we rely on Party Manifestos as a promise for Development?
YES, and NO!

18

SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS

1. WATER
Uses
Cooking,
Irrigation,
Fishing,
CoolingIndustries,
Laundry,
Drinking
among
others.

Sources
Rivers- Nyando,
Sondu Mirio,
Nyamasaria
Lake Victoria
Boreholes
Taps
Springs

Problems
Water coming from the taps andrivers is not safe because; Broken sewages mix withtap waters making it
hazardous to consume thewater Pollution of the riverthrough dumping bycompanies though people
still continue to use
Inaccessibility of piped water tohouseholds

High cost of water to the local
mwanachi (citizens)
Need to travel long distances inorder to access water points
Lack of awareness with respect
to the need to keep water points
safe and clean as people washcars at the shore of the Lake.
Underutilization of water
bodies for irrigation purposesdue to ignorance and lack of thenecessary expertise
Lack of adequate forest coverhence the need to enhance itthrough setting aside days fortree planting

Recommendations
Rules should be formulated toprevent people and companies from
disposing waste into the rivers.
There should also be no settlement
along the river banks and lakeshores. This can be done by ensuringthat there is no construction within
100 meters from the river or lake.
The county government should start
piped water supply programs toachieve the objective of helping
households to access clean water.
Provide subsidies that will help
reduce water bills for thehouseholds.
Provision of piped water.

Educate people on proper usage ofwater.
Rules must also be put in place toregulate behaviors that result towater pollution.
Exploitation of all potential water
bodies in order to increase watersupply.

Create awareness on the essence ofplanting trees and conservation offorests.

19

2. EDUCATIONEARLY CHILDHOOD
DEVELOPMENT
Employment ofteachers

Equipment

Improving the teacher
pupil ratio
Increasing
accessibility in villages

Ensuring retention of
permanently
employed teachers
Providing a feeding
programme
Monitoring, evaluationand inspection of theschools

Funding for free andcompulsory education
should be sourced

Provide medical
services to the pupils
to enable them stay inschoolPRIMARY

SECONDARYCOLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIESEnforcement of theprovision of free andcompulsory national
government
Feeding programmeshould be put in place
and adequately fundedGirl Child education
should be prioritized
Accessibility should be
increased

Provide forgovernment bursary

Provision of village polytechnics
at the ratio of one per ward

Adequate staffing

Establishment of teachers training
teachers college within the county

Equipment

Equipment should be
provided

Increase accessibility

Provision of entrepreneual skills
in business training institutions
Establishment of one public
university which is to havebranches in the county to enhanceaccessProvision of county bursary to alluniversity and tertiary colleges.

Capacity building inownership of theschool should be done
Establishment ofincome generating
projects in schools
such as greenhouseprojects

Provision of mobile
medical services toschools
Enhanceinfrastructuraldevelopment-water tanks-classes

Provision of sanitary
towelsEnhance academic
performance of pupils
to enable themtransition to the next
education phase.
Establishment of adulteducation classes inorder to createawareness for parents20

3. HEALTHDISPENSARIES HEALTHCENTRES

CLINICSHEALTH
INSURANCERAMPANT DISEASES

Limitedqualifiedpersonnel

Provision of
more inorder forthem to beavailable inevery
location

Need formore clinics
in villages toimprove
accessibility
especiallyfor motherchild
healthcare

Need forsensitization
on affordable
health coverby NHIF foras low as Kes.
160.

Malaria-Due to available breeding grounds
due to presence of water bodies

Lack of
Adequate
manpower

The preexisting ones
need to be
upgraded,
improvedandadequately
staffedInsufficient
supply of drugs
and equipment
Only onereferral
hospitalpresent in the
countyNeed for adispensary inevery location

Diahorrea- Due to water borne diseases

Cough and Colds-

Tuberculosis- As a result of opportunistic
infections

HIV/AIDS- Rampant in the sugar belt andfisher folk with people buying sex.
Need to allocate funds for intense
sensitization on;-on behavior change-care for the PLWA’s and OVC’s
Typhoid- As a result of pollution of the water
bodies21

4. ROADS & INFRASTRUCTURE
PROBLEM
Poor road network

EFFECTS
Commuters pay more
for shorter distances.
Lack of boda boda jobs
during the rainyseason due toimpassable routes
hence reducing theirincome.
Higher costs ofproduction due toincreasedtransportation costs
A barrier to security
because of
inaccessibility by stateagents of areas
affected by crime.
Increased wear andtear of vehicles andtrucks due to poorroad network reduce
their daily income andalso increased costs on
fuel
Inability to accessmarkets
Inaccessibility of
tourist attraction sites
e.g. Kit Mikayi lacks anappropriate road
network.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Feeder roads almost are non-existent in somevillages
Re-survey of all feeder roads to curb those who haveencroached

Proper murraming and grading of feeder roads

County Cess funds be retained and be strictly used
for constructing feeder roads for cane farmers

Tarmacking of roads needs to be done andconstruction of heavy load roads needs to be done inorder to last longer because of passage of trucks andlorries with huge loads of caneCounty government to formulate a working
arrangement with national government to ensure
roads are rehabilitated.
Modern roads need be constructed to cater for theplace to be more accessible.

22

5. SECURITY
ProblemInability to ascertain who is
responsible for security issues
due to the restructuring of the
security agencies

Recommendations
Strengthen our community policing

Clear definition of roles of security agencies and structures from the village
level to the county level and who is responsible
The county governor should be the employer of the security agencies fromthe village to the county level.
There should be a county chief commissioner who is answerable to theGovernor and the Governor be the chairman of the security team whichshould coordinate and synchronize the security agencies to ensure effective
service delivery.

23

6. AGRICULTURE
Problem
Political Interference
Poor management by
appointing unskilled labor
Lack of fertilizers
Out growers and agricultural
officers are not performing
optimally
Low production due to limited
technological advances
Lack of use of available
resources which are notexploited
Limited use of land to specificcrops
Lack of proper irrigation
schemePoor management of researchstationCompetition between domestic
and imported goods.
Lack of facilities and resources
needed for production.
Lack of fish processing plants

Recommendations
Revive the sugar cane industries that have collapsed
Revive cotton farming at KICOMI factory
Educate farmers on sugar cane farming
Monitoring and evaluation of the performance of the agricultural
officers who should be hired based on performance contracts.
Purchase of new farm implements in order to modernize thesugar industry and reduce costs on labor and raise profits.
Exploit all the resources available in terms of land, water,
manpower and revival of closed factories
Explore the possibility of other cash crops being planted on thelandCome up with proper irrigation
Change management of the research station
Local industries should be supported instead of fighting the
production of domestic goods through the importation of foreigncommodities.
Farmers should be supplied with fertilizers.
More power must be generated to ease the manufacturing andprocessing of goods.
The county government should make a point of constructing one
to help in fish processing.

24

KISUMU INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN: SUBMISSION FROM THE KISUMU LEADERSHIP& DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE/CHEMELIL WARD REPRESENTATIVE
BackgroundThe submission in this paper is a summary of long running consultations by the leadership ofChemelil Ward and its residents culminating into the hosting last month of the Kisumu Leadershipand Development Conference which was held here at the same venue on 26 th and 27th August incelebration of our 3 years of the new constitution. These analysis and proposals come from thedeliberations. They as such follow closely on the areas of County mandate as outlined in the fourthschedule of the Constitution.
It means therefore that the integrated plan will also need to forebear the need for relevant laws andregulations that the County Assembly will consider in addition to prioritizing expansive
development programs in the sub-county in order to deal with some of the development challenges
discussed here.
Agricultural Sector

Agriculture is the backbone of Muhoroni Sub-County with expansive arable land consisting ofrelatively fertile soil. With this favorable climatic condition, areas like Chemelil produces cereals
such as Maize, Sorghum, Cowpeas, and Soya beans. It also produces industrial crops mainly
Sugarcane and Tobacco. Horticultural crops such as Cabbages, Kales, Tomatoes, Onions (bulbs) andSpring onions are also produced.
The region has great potentials for livestock production especially dairy cattle, zebu cattle for beef,dairy goats, sheep, pigs, and poultry. he following should e addressed y the County’s Integrated
Development Plan:
Key Challenges in Agricultural Sector
The following challenges face the agricultural sector of the sub county/ward:(i)

Sugarcane Sector






Low factory performances (breakdowns, inefficiencies, poor resource backing etc.)
Governance problems in the sector (poor farmer representation, corruption, archaic
regulations and laws governing the sector etc.)
High famer taxation
High costs of inputs/production
Sugar glut and illegal competition facing local millers
25

(ii)







Subsistence and other Crop Production
Small farm sizes averaging 2.5 acres. The farm sizes are expected to decrease further withtime due to sub-division influenced by population growth, cultural practices and land sales;
Low land productivity due to land degradation and over-use;
High cost of farm inputs and frequent adulteration of inputs;
Low yielding crop variety;
Natural calamities such as drought and floods; andPests and diseases.

(iii)

Livestock Production

The challenges affecting livestock production in the sub county include the following:








Insecurity and stock theft
Inadequate veterinary services due to few veterinary personnel mainly from government,
lack of private practitioners, Lack of transport for veterinary officers and inadequate
distribution of veterinary personnel;
High cost of veterinary services and drugs;
High incidence of tick borne diseases;
High cost of breeding stock and unavailability of breeding stock;
Inadequate appropriate credit facilities by majority of small holders especially women;(iv)

Poultry Production









High initial capital required to venture into commercial poultry production
Inadequate appropriate credit facilities for farmers especially women and youth
Poor infrastructure resulting in high production cost
Lack of insurance scheme for poultry enterprises
High cost of feed, poor quality of feeds
Occasional outbreak of poultry disease
Poor farm techniques at farm level

Possible Solutions to the challenges facing agricultural sector
(i)




Sugar sector
We need new county laws and regulations on cane zone management, marketing anddistribution of sugar
County government must support locals to own shares in the factories when they are
privatized as planned by the national government
Revive agricultural Extension services
26



(ii)

Enhance famers’ voices and representation in the sector Fund famers’ voice groups li e
KESGA and farmer co-operative societies
Subsistence and other Crop production

Production of Cereals
The production levels of cereals are still low in the sub county and there is urgent need to step up
production by addressing the various constraints affecting production:






Educate farmers to adopt the latest crop production technologies;
Avail suitable seeds for planting;
Avail suitable and affordable fertilizers, especially DAP in time and guiding farmers inapplication method;
Assist farmers in dealing with post-harvest losses; andEnhance agricultural extension services

Horticultural Crops
The production levels of horticultural crops are still very low compared to potential of the area.
Effort need to be made to urge farmers to produce more for local consumption and export. Other
initiatives of boosting production of horticultural crops include:





(iii)

Other crops such as pineapples, passion fruits, carrots, spinach, chilles, pumpkins and Irish
potato can be produced in the sub-county in large volumes for local consumption andexport.
Floriculture (flower growing) is also a high potential plan for export through Kisumu
International Airport and needs to be introduced.
The field extension officers needs to be adequate and provided with the necessary facilities
e.g. transport to enable them perform their duties effectively.
Livestock production

In order to boost livestock production, the following should be done:








Improve general security in the area
Train farmers on livestock management practices
Establish centers for veterinary services/Promote veterinary practices
Capacity build farmers to regularly spray their at home to control ticks.
Establish livestock community spraying crush in every sub location
Promote animal health by reactivating and expanding dipping breed and clinical services
including monitoring and control of animal diseases.
Promote dairy goat as an emerging source of milk.
27





Establish Buck schemes for upgrading small East African goats
Use of artificial insemination should be encouraged among the communities
Lake Victoria Water Services Board/County government should sink dams and boreholes
for farmers to water their animals.

(v)






Poultry Production
Promote upgrading of local chicken
Use of artificial incubators to hatch indigenous chicken eggs
Improved entrepreneurial skills of entrepreneurs
Developed farmer and trade organization into efficient and well managed, members
Facilitate provision of business development services such as market access and business
management skills by all players in the value claim
Encourage farmers to venture in hatchery business to reduce shortage of day old chicks inthe sub- county

Health Sector
Health plays an important role in economic growth and development of any nation. A healthy
person is more productive than a sick person. It is therefore important that the County government
ensures its population is healthy.
The leading cause of morbidity in the region is malaria. This is followed by HIV and AIDS related
illnesses such as respiratory infections.

Key Challenges facing the health sector








Inadequate health facilities (physical infrastructure). Kibigori, Kopere are amongst very unserved areas.
Inadequate medical personnel.
Inadequate supply of drugs, vaccines and ARVs
Inadequate equipment.
Long distances to health facilities averaging 5 – 8 km.
Outbreak of diseases.
High costs of medical services in the wake of high poverty levels.

Possible solutions


The County government must employ more health professionals (doctors, clinical officers,
nurses, laboratory technicians, public health officers, nutritionists, physiotherapists,
psychologists etc).
28








Ensure drugs and commodities are distributed to the existing health facilities in the sub
county.
Construct more health facilities so that health care is accessible
Upgrade Muhoroni Nyayo Hospital to a Level 5 Hospital
Sensitize the community on preventive measures of diseases i.e. clearing bushes, draining
stagnant water, erecting toilets, cleanliness/hygiene
Sensitize community on health programmes so that they can seek or create demand or
health services.
Construct a Medical Training College in Chemelil Ward.

Education Sector (esp. ECD sector)
Education plays a pivotal role in influencing the rate of economic growth and development.
Education provides knowledge and skills necessary to spur sustainable economic growth anddevelopment. In a rapidly changing world due to technological advancement, it is important for thecounty to provide quality education that is science-oriented in order for the population to cope withtechnological advancement being witnessed today.
To this end, the Kisumu County must emphasize education and develop the early childhood
education sector so that it can prepare grounds for qualified human resource capable of driving
rapid economic growth and development. Indeed, children joining standard one are not well
prepared because not all primary schools have trained Early Childhood Development Educationteachers. The stakeholders in this regard should address the following challenges.
Key Challenges facing Education sector






Understaffing in Schools generally and particularly the ECD sector.
Inadequate infrastructure; classrooms, playgrounds, libraries and equipment
Poor child development; this is attributed to a number of factors such as child labour, HIV
and AIDS, early marriages, drug abuse by parents.
Scarcity of Teacher Training Colleges
Nutrition challenges in schools

Suggested Solutions
Provision of more ECD physical facilities such as construction of or renovation ofclassrooms, laboratories, libraries, office blocks, and sanitation blocks/ provide desks andchairs.
Introduce child feeding programs in schools/Sponsor feeding programmes in schools.

29








Establish ECD Teacher Training Colleges in region (including University College like GLUK
to introduce the curriculum for ECD teachers’ qualification).
Build more nursery schools and ensure every primary school has a nursery school.
Sensitize both teachers and parents to change their attitude towards each other to create a
conducive environment for effective learning.
Eliminate child labor in the cane sector
Liaise with sponsors to open functional orphanages
Sensitize the community on the legal/policy requirements of free primary education system.

Security Sector
Peace and Security are paramount to the wellbeing of a people and influences economic growth anddevelopment of a country. It is therefore important for law and order to prevail if development is tobe achieved. Our situation is terrible (examples)
Key development facing security sector






Presently we have police division nearby
But there exists serious and known crime hot spots in our areas seriously affecting
businesses and livestock farming. The sub county is losing more than 5 million shillings instock theft each single month.
Mobility of security is handicapped due to inadequate means of transport. Inadequate officeaccommodation.
High crime rates is also due to drug and substance abuse and culture of migrant labourers,
useful but not accountable, characteristic to the sugar belt

Possible Solutions to improve security






County government to assist with additional means of transport (vehicles and motorcycles) to improve mobility/patrols of security personnel.
Provide modern communication equipment to police to enhance communication.
Sensitize the public on crime prevention and control and the need to embrace andcooperate in community policing.
Enhance patrols
Establish anti stock theft units in Kopere and Kibigori.

Roads Sector
Road is one of the means of transport which influences economic growth and development as anefficient road network will link production areas to market centers.

30

Key Challenges affecting Road Sector







Destruction of some parts of the road network/bridges by heavy rains.
Encroachment of road reserves.
Poor drainage system
Sugarcane transport is a road tearing process/more support from Factories needed
Incompetent constructors
Corruption/road cess funds must be used more transparently

Possible Solutions






Speedy tendering and completion of truck roads – Awasi/Ksm and Londiani-MuhoroniMiwani-Kisumu road
More cooperation between leaders/residents with KENHA/KURA and collaboration withthem on road measures
Improve bridges and road network
Upgrade the current road networks to all weather conditions by better gravelling andmaintenance e.g. roads in Tamu, Achego areas are deplorable
Open up drainage systems so that rain does not wash away road networks

Water, Environment and Natural Resources Sector
Water, Environment and Natural Resources are crucial ingredients of economic growth anddevelopment. Water is used for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes and its availability
and state is important to the lives of the people and industrial growth.
Environment influences many factors including rain pattern, temperature, biodiversity and disease.
Natural resources also influence economic growth and development especially if the resources are
exploited for economic use but in an environmental friendly manner.
Key Challenges affecting Water, Environment and Natural Resources






Encroachment of river banks and other catchment areas.
Increase human activity leading to destruction of forests.
Emissions from factories
Inadequate sanitation.
Pollution from use of agrochemical products e.g. fertilizer

31

Possible Solutions








Improve sanitation in the homesteads/market centers
Conserve forests and other water catchment areas.
Ensure factories treat their effluents before discharging them into the environment. The
National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) should carry out annual
environmental audits of all the factories in the region to ascertain that they are not polluting
the rivers.
Educate the public on the need to treat water, conserve environment and reduce soil
erosion.
Carry out detailed geological/mineral exploration.
Ensure that environmental clean ups are regular and structured

Tourism Sector
Tourism industry remains untapped in the sub county. We have potentials in tourist attraction in
the form of historical sites which if developed could attract tourists. Cultural activities can also
attract tourists.
Key challenges facing Tourism


Undeveloped facilities such as hotels, museums, libraries, cultural activities and historicalsites.
Inadequate supply of electricity
Poor transport and communication network
Inadequate security

Possible solutionsDevelop hotels, museums, libraries, parks, bird sanctuaries, cultural activities and historicalsites to attract tourists.
Improve transport and communication networks to increase accessibility
Map tourists sites and develop community marketing groups to manage them

32

FROM PROMISE TO REALITY- THE KISUMU COUNTY LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE:A STAKEHOLDERS’ LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE ON COUNTY LEADERSHIP & DEVELOPMENT:VENUE: CHEMELIL COMPLEXDATES: AUGUST 25 TH – 27TH, 2013
Time

Activity

Responsible/Chairing
SUNDAY, AUGUST 25 TH, 201317 hrsArrival of organisers/preparations

KLDC Organizing
Committee

MONDAY, , AUGUST 26 TH, 2013
8.00 – 8.45

Official Opening – Interlude of Entertainments /Theater Group/Artists

KLDC Organizing
Committee

8.45 – 9.30

Introductions and opening remarks, objectives and expectations

KLDC Organizing
Committee

SLYFF Representative/If present
Country Ward Representative, Hon. Joseph Arwa Osano
Organizing Committee, SLYFF Alumni, Otieno Aluoka
Remarks by Local County Leadership & public administration
9.30 – 10.30

10.30 – 11.00

After Elections: What Next – Public Expectations and Leadership Agenda after 2013
A Plenary: Guest Speaker, Hon. Gideon Ochanda, MP, Bondo Constituency

KLDC Organizing
Committee

TEA BREAK

33

11.00 – 12.00

12.00 – 13.00 hrs
13.00 – 14.00
14.00 – 15.00 hrs

15.00 – 16.00 hrs

16.00 hrs – 16.30 hrs
16.30 hrs – 17.30 hrs

Elections and the Promise of Political Party Manifestoes in Development (with Comparative
illustrations from other countries) Olang Sana, Lecturer Maseno University

KLDC Organizing
Committee

Plenary – Questions and Answers – Olang Sana/Osano
LUNCH BREAK
The Place of Social Market Economy in Implementing Political Party Manifestoes – Mr. Olang
Sana, Lecturer, Maseno University-Explaining Economic Ideology in the party manifestoes-Elements of social Market Economy and social rights (Shelter, Healthcare, Solidarity, Education
etc.)-Citizen Monitoring of leadership pledges in the manifestoes
How Devolved Government Works: Devolution, Public Participation & budgetary Priorities, 2013of the Kisumu County Government– County Executive Committee member – Suba Mechack
Churchill
Followed by Plenary – Questions & Answers
TEA BREAKKLDC Organizing
Committee

KLDC Organizing
Committee

Sector Caucuses/Group Work Analysis for County Leadership on Priorities & Required Actions Stakeholder Caucuses/Groups on
Transport/Water/Security/Gender/Agriculture/Health/Education
TUESDAY, , AUGUST 27 TH, 2013 – COMMEMORATING 3RD YEAR OF NEW CONSTITUTION

9.00 – 11.00

Plenary Presentations and Discussions of Group Work Reports: Identification of Leadership
Priorities for the County Government – Groups work under respective Leaders Present(MPs/Country Reps etc)

KLDC Organizing
Committee

Social Voices and Petitions: Security/Sports/Education/Unemployment –‘boda boda’
11.00 – 11.30

BREAK

34

11.30 – 12.00

County Development in the Context of Devolved Government: Questions and Answers – Betty
Okero

12.00 – 13.00 hrs

Key Note Address:‘Towards Participatory Governance in Kisumu: Priorities for County Government after 2013
Elections’ – Governor Jack Ranguma, Kisumu County
Q & A for governor follows/ Moderators: Owino/Aluoka/Betty
Book Presentation to Governor
LUNCH BREAKKLDC Organizing
Committee

14.00 – 15.00 hrs‘Women and Marginalization: Agenda for Social Protection in the Kisumu Governance
Framework after 2013’ - Discussant: Betty Okero, Western NGOs Network

KLDC Organizing
Committee

15.00 – 16.00 hrs

Sector Caucus Meetings for Resolutions –Transport/Water/Security/Gender/Agriculture/Health/Education – Joshua Nyamori

KLDC Organizing
Committee

13.00 – 14.00 hrs

16.00 – 17.00
17.00 hrs

Plenary Discussions and Resolutions/Way Forward
TEA BREAK & DEPARTURE

KLDC Organizing
Committee
KLDC Organizing
Committee

35