ICHARM
Activity
ReportFY2020-2021
For the 6th ICHARM Governing Board
On 21 June 2022

International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management
under the auspices of UNESCO (ICHARM),
Public Works Research Institute (PWRI), Japan

Contents
Abbreviation
１．Introduction
1.1

Research

1.2

Education and training

1.3

Information networking

２．Special topics
2.1

・・・・・・・

1

・・・・・・・

5

UNESCO project, "Water Disaster Platform to Enhance Climate Resilience in Africa"(WADiRe-Africa)

2.2

Development of a simple, low-cost flood forecasting system for small and medium
rivers2.3

Myanmar-Agriculture development support project: Technical support in flood
simulation for downstream areas of the Swa Chaung Dam

2.4

Publication and dissemination of Collection of Critical Situation during Flood
Emergency Response

2.5

HyDEPP-SATREPS Philippines

2.6 Online follow-up seminar for all the graduate of the ICHARM master’s and Ph.D.
Programs
2.7

Support for the promotion of IFI activities and the autonomous participation by
graduates from ICHARM training programs

３．Research・・・・・・・

12

3.1 Water-related disaster data archiving, sharing and statistics
3.2

Risk assessment on water-related disasters

3.3

Monitoring and forecasting water-related disaster risk changes

3.4

Support through proposal, evaluation and application of policies for water disaster risk
reduction

3.5

Support for improving the capacity to practice disaster prevention and mitigation

４．Training

・・・・・・・

23

4.1 Master’s program: Water-related Risk Management Course of Disaster Management
Policy Program
4.2

Doctoral program: Disaster Management Program4.3

Follow-up seminar for ICHARM alumni

4.4Internship５．Information networking

・・・・・・・

26

5.1

IFI activities

5.2

Contribution to the international community

5.3

Contribution to the Typhoon Committee

5.4

Leading the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)/Regional Cooperative
Agreement (RCA) IAEA RAS/7/035 Project (2020-2023)

5.5 Visitors

６．Academic field surveys in Japan and overseas countries

・・・・・・・

6.1

Study on a disaster caused by heavy rainfall in July 2020 in the Kuma River basin

6.2

Field survey on disaster damage caused by Typhoon No. 19 in 2019

6.3

Field observation in the Shirakawa River

７．Public relations and other important activities
7.1

Awards

7.2

ICHARM Open day

7.3

ICHARM R&D Seminars

7.4

ICHARM Webinars

7.5

Research Meeting

・・・・・・・

35

37

7.6 Newsletters and website
ANNEX 1

Number of Alumni of ICHARM training program(As of March 2022, with possibility)

・・・・・・・・

40

ANNEX 2

List of the Master Theses in 2019-20 & 2020-21・・・・・・・・

41

ANNEX 3

List of Ph.D Theses accepted in FY2020 & 2021・・・・・・・・

42

ANNEX 4

List of Research Theme of Internships

・・・・・・・・

42

ANNEX 5ICHARM Publication List (April 2020～March 2022) ・・・・

43

Abbreviation
ADB

Asian Development BankADBI

Asian Development Bank Institute

ADCP

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler

ADRC

Asian Disaster Reduction Center

AGRHYMET

AGRrometeorology, HYdrology, METeorology

AMSR2

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2

AOGEO

Asia-Oceania Group on Earth Observations

AOP

Annual Operating Plan

APFM

Associated Programme on Flood Management

APWF

Asia-Pacific Water Forum

APWS

Asia-Pacific Water Summit

Area-BCM

Area- Business Continuity Management

ASEAN

Association of South‐East Asian Nations

AWCI

Asian Water Cycle Initiative

BOSS

Bosai-Business Operation Support System

CCA

Climate Change Adaptation

CHy

Commission of Hydrology

CLVDAS

Couple Land and Vegetation Data Assimilation System

COVID-19

COVID-19

DIAS

Data Integration and Analysis System

DRR

Disaster Risk Reduction

DSM

Digital Surface ModelEDITORIA

Earth Observation Data Integration and Fusion Research InitiativeET

Evapotranspiration

FEWS

Flood Early Warning System

GCM

General Circulation Models

GCOM-W

Global Change Observation Mission – Water

GEOSS

Global Earth Observation System of Systems

GRIPS

National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

GSMaP

Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation

GUI

Graphical User Interface

GWP

Global Water Partnership

HCP

Hydrological Coordination Panel

HELP

High-level Experts and Leaders Panel on Water and Disasters

HLPF

High Level Political Forum

HLPWHigh Level Panel on Water

HMD

Head Mounted Display

IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency

IAHS

International Association of Hydrological Sciences

ICFM

International Conference on Flood Management

ICHARM

International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management

ICoE

International Centres of Excellence

IDI

Infrastructure Development Institute

IDRIS

ICHARM Disaster Risk Information System

IFAS

Integrated Flood Analysis System

IFI

International Flood Initiative

IGC

Intergovernmental Council

IRDR

Integrated Research on Disaster Risk

IRDR Japan

IRDR Japan National Committee

NC
IRDR SCIRDR Scientific Committee

iRIC

International River Interface Cooperative

IWS

Integrated Workshop

JAXA

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

JHoP

Japan Hub of Disaster Resilience Partners

JICA

Japan International Cooperation Agency

JMA

Japan Meteorological Agency

JST

Japan Science and Technology Agency

LAI

Leaf Area Index

LDAS-UTLand Data Assimilation System of The University of Tokyo

MLIT

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

MoC

Memorandum of Cooperation

MOFA

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

MoU

Memorandum of Understanding

MRI-AGCM

Meteorological Research Institute - Atmospheric General Circulation Model

NBA

Niger River Basin Authority

NGO

Non-Governmental Organization

NIED

National Research Institute for Earth Sciences and Disaster Resilience

NILIM

National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management

OEWG

Open Ended Working GroupOSS-SR

Online Synthesis System for Sustainability and Resilience

PAGASA

Philippine

Atmospheric,GeophysicalandAstronomical

Services

Administration
PF

Particle Filter

PRISM

Public/Private R&D Investment Strategic Expansion Program

PTC

Panel on Tropical Cyclones

PWRI

Public Works Research Institute

RCA

Regional Cooperative Agreement

R&D Seminar

Research and Development Seminar

RRI

Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation

RSC-AP

Regional Steering Committee for Asia and the Pacific

RTC

Regional Training Course

S&T Panel

Science and Technology Panel

SAR

Synthetic Aperture Radar

SATREPS

Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development

SBP

Support Base Partner

SCJ

Science Council of Japan

SDGs

Sustainable Development Goals

SIMRIW

Simulation Model for Rice-Weather Relationships

SIP

Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program

SNS

Social Networking Service

SPADE

Spatial Data Analysis Explorer

SWWW

Stockholm World Water Week

TC

Typhoon CommitteeTOUGOU

Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models

UCCR

Urban Climate Change Resilience

UNCRD

United Nations Center for Regional Development

UNDESA

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

UNDRR

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction

UNESCAP

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNESCO-IHP

UNESCO- Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme

UNISDR

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

UNSTSWD

United Nations Special Thematic Session on Water and Disasters

UNWCDRR

United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

VBA

Volta Basin Authority

VR

Virtual Reality

WADiRe-Africa Water Disaster Platform to Enhance Climate Resilience in Africa
WBFWorld BOSAI Forum

WEB-DHM

Water and Energy Budget-based Distributed Hydrological Model

WEB-DHM-S

Water and Energy Budget-based Distributed Hydrological Model-Snow

Web-GISWeb Geographic Information System

WEB-RRI

Water and Energy Balance-based Rainfall Runoff Inundation

WGDRR

Working Group on Disaster Risk Reduction

WGH

Working Group on Hydrology

WGM

Working Group on Meteorology

WMO

World Meteorological Organization

WRF model

Weather Research and Forecasting model

WWAPWorld Water Assessment Programme

WWDR

World Water Development Report

WWF

World Water ForumX BandX-band polarimetric Multi Parameter Radar

MP Radar１．Introduction
1.1 Research
1.1.1 Data collection, storage, sharing and statistics on water-related disasters
In collaboration with the EDITORIA of the University of Tokyo, ICHARM established the Flood
Early Warning System (FEWS) for the Niger and Volta river basins in West Africa. FEWS aims toshare information among 11 West African countries and related organizations, such as the
AGRHYMET, the NBA, and the VBA.
ICHARM also studied how to optimize the distribution and number of ground rain gauges in the
Fuji River basin by performing runoff analysis using GSMaP, to which multiple correction methods
were applied. Regarding the correction of real-time satellite precipitation products, ICHARM
demonstrated that runoff analysis can be conducted with reasonable accuracy, provided that there
are a certain number of ground rain gauges in the basin.
1.1.2 Water-related disaster risk assessment
ICHARM developed a new function that can calculate the behavior of flood, sediment, and floodinundation in real time on DIAS. For this new function, we developed a method to set the upperboundary condition of an inundation area by coupling a real-time flood forecasting method, whichuses the RRI model with a particle filter, with an integrated RRIS model, which was developed toanalyze basin sediment discharge. The upper boundary condition calculated using this new method
is used for a 2D analysis model using iRIC-Nays2DH A to finally predict the behavior of flood,
sediment, and flood inundation in real time.
ICHARM also established WEB-DHM-S for the power generation dam basins of the Oi and Sai
Rivers in Japan. For the effective use of this model, ensemble inflow prediction and a new dam
operation method were also proposed and applied. Ensemble inflow prediction uses ensemble
weather forecasting data as inputs, and the new dam operation method uses the predicted inflow for
more stable flood control and higher power generation.
Moreover, focusing on the flooding caused by an earth-dam failure in Myanmar in 2018,
ICHARM developed a runoff inundation model to analyze changes in dam inflow and storage leveland downstream inundation due to the dam failure. Spatiotemporal rainfall data were produced andthe inundation areas were identified using satellite data available worldwide, and the reproducibilityof the inundation was verified. Flood simulation was conducted for rainfalls of different occurrence
probabilities, and the results were used to propose an inundation estimation method useful for risk
management at the time of dam failure in areas where hydrological data is scarce.
1.1.3 Monitoring and predicting changes in water-related disaster risks
ICHARM conducted dynamical downscaling of future precipitation data for the Solo and Davao
River basins, using the MRI-AGGM3.2S/3.2H model and the future climate scenarios of RCP8.5
1

and RCP 2.6. Furthermore, as well as establishing a WEB-RRI model for each river basin,
ICHARM predicted hydraulic and hydrological phenomena using future precipitation data andcarried out flood and drought risk assessments.
For West Africa, ICHARM developed a drought monitoring system using the CLVDAS, which
integrates passive microwave remote sensing technology, a land surface model, a vegetation
dynamics model, and a data assimilation method.
1.1.4 Presentation, evaluation and support for implementation of water-related disaster risk
mitigation measures
In order to provide information that prompts residents living near small and medium rivers tostart early evacuation, ICHARM developed a simple, low-cost system capable of predicting waterlevels with adequate accuracy and short computation time. The system can predict when the riverwater will reach the flood level more than two hours in advance and is easy to install in small andmedium rivers. Its runoff analysis model adopted the RRI model capable of representing runoff
phenomena, such as surface and subsurface runoff, with fewer parameters to be adjusted, so thatwater level prediction is possible using radar-rain gauge analyzed precipitation and short-term
precipitation forecasts, both of which are provided in real time by JMA. Furthermore, in order toaccurately and quickly represent ever-changing rainfall-runoff mechanisms, the SCE-UA method isapplied as an automatic parameter adjustment function. A particle filter was also introduced to
improve the RRI model by sequentially modifying a water level prediction model using real-timewater level observation data. Moreover, ICHARM has experimentally produced a real-time
automatic calculation, representation and distribution system and has been distributing river-related
information while testing the developed systems with about 130 river models.
1.1.5 Support for improving the capacity to practice disaster prevention and mitigation
ICHARM developed a portal site for local governments in mountainous areas where residents
have little access to information needed to make informed evacuation decisions. The portal site wasdeveloped to be a one-stop information center and designed not only to be useful in emergencies but
also to improve residents’ ability of disaster management in normal times. The system has been
improved for smartphone use. We have also started developing a virtual flood experience systemusing virtual reality (VR) technology, creating a virtual flood situation based on the actual event in
Aga Town, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, during Typhoon No. 19 in 2019 and the experiences andfeedback of local residents.
In another project, we conducted research on businesses affected by heavy rains in the Kanto andTohoku regions in 2015 and Hiroshima and Okayama prefectures in western Japan in 2018. We
found that many businesses needed a long time to return to their pre-disaster business level. In adifferent project, we studied the recovery curve of housing reconstruction, daily life, and community
activities by conducting questionnaire surveys for residents in Joso City, Ibaraki Prefecture, who2suffered significant damage during the Kanto and Tohoku heavy rains, and residents in Iwaizumi
Town, Iwate Prefecture, who were also severely affected by Typhoon No. 10 in 2016. In the processof developing a simple method for estimating the socio-economic impact of flood disasters, weinvestigated the relationship between changes in GDP and the regional GDP of prefectures andmunicipalities and flood damage.
Furthermore, in order to improve the disaster prevention capabilities of local governments, wepublished and disseminated the "Collection of Critical Situation during Flood Emergency Response"
on various occasions.
In an effort to support disaster prevention and mitigation activities overseas, we promoted
OSS-SR, developing an "Online Synthesis System" and training "Facilitators" in Davao City,
Philippines. We also assisted Thailand in strengthening regional resilience by developing Area-BCM
for regional business continuities in industrial clusters. Furthermore, we have started "The Projectfor Development of a Hybrid Water-Related Disaster Risk Assessment Technology for Sustainable
Local Economic Development Policy under Climate Change in the Republic of the Philippines." forLuzon Island, Philippines.
1.2 Education and training
ICHARM has provided educational and training programs that are designed to strengthen thecapabilities of both individuals and organizations in disaster management.
The main programs include: 1. One-year master's degree program, "Water-related Risk Management
Course of Disaster Management Policy Program," conducted in collaboration with GRIPS and JICA; 2.
Three-year doctoral degree program, “Disaster Management Program” jointly conducted with GRIPS;
3. Short-term training programs held in Japan and overseas; 4. Follow-up Seminar held annually
overseas for graduates and trainees; and 5. Short- and long-term internship programs.
From 2020 to 2021, due to the spread of COVID-19, various restrictions were put in place, affecting
our programs significantly. For example, students could not come to Japan as scheduled, and somestudy trips and the follow-up seminar were canceled.
Under these circumstances, ICHARM introduced an electronic blackboard for the master's programin advance of the pandemic and established a system that allows students to take lectures online in realtime from their home countries during the period when students cannot come to Japan. In addition, weused whatever measures possible to keep the programs going. For example, we introduced a flexible
lecture system in which we flexibly chose a different lecture style from face-to-face, remote, and a
combination of the two types, depending on how severely the infectious disease was affecting society,while thoroughly practicing infection control measures such as installing partitions and keeping handsanitizers around.
In 2018, JICA started a new scholarship program, “Disaster Risk Reduction Leaders Capacity
Development for the Sendai Framework Implementation,” for doctoral students. One student enrolled
in 2020 and two students enrolled in 2021 have been using this JICA scholarship. The program will3

continue to be available for new students wishing to study at ICHARM.
1.3 Information networking
ICHARM continues promoting information networking on a global scale. As a UNESCO category 2
center, it keeps close ties with the UNESCO-IHP and its National Committees, other UNESCO
category 2 centers, and the UNESCO Chairs. It also maintains cooperative relations with UN
organizations, such as WMO and UNDRR, and other international and regional organizations, such as
the TC.
As the secretariat of IFI, ICHARM is promoting the global effort to establish Platforms on Water
Resilience and Disasters based on the Jakarta Statement, which was adopted as the basic action plan of
IFI after the elaborations at the October 2016 workshop in Jakarta, Indonesia, and the January 2017
workshop in Tokyo, Japan. ICHARM has been supporting the establishment of Platforms on Water
Resilience and Disasters in the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and some other countries.
Since the spring of 2020, ICHARM staff have been obliged to refrain from any business trips
abroad, as most international conferences have been canceled or held online to prevent the COVID-19
pandemic. Even under such difficult situations, e-learning sessions and related online workshop
programs were held for the Philippines and Indonesia, gathering participants from the relevantorganizations of the IFI Platforms. These efforts have been kept underway and supported countries indeveloping the OSS-SR and fostering facilitators.
In Asia, the AWCI sessions were convened online on February 26, 2021, as the task group of the
13th AOGEO, and on October 29, 2021, as a sectional meeting of the 14th AOGEO, attended by the
representatives of the Platform participating organizations from the IFI implementing countries, suchas the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. At the AWCI sessions, each country reported on theimplementation status and future plans. The sessions also covered cutting-edge research anddevelopment topics. The outcomes of the sessions were included in the final statements of AOGEO.
Also, an ICHARM researcher assumes the chair of WGH in TC, which is an intergovernmental
community jointly organized by UNESCAP and WMO. ICHARM is playing the leading role in theimplementation of the AOPs in collaboration with the TC members.
On a global scale, the UNSTSWD5 was held on June 25, 2021. Prior to it, ICHARM organized the
S&T Panel, whose discussion summary was reported at the UNSTSWD5. The outcomes are expected
to be reported at coming global milestone events, including the mid-term review processes on the
SDGs and the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.
In close partnership with relevant organizations, ICHARM is eagerly engaged in preparatory
activities as a session organizer of water and disasters/climate change for the 4th APWS to be held in
April 2022 and as a conference organizer of ICFM9 in February 2023.
Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, ICHARM participated in major conferences and hosted
sessions and side events through web systems, which strengthened the relationships with otherparticipants and organizations and expanded its professional and organizational networks.
4

２．Special topics
2.1 UNESCO project, "Water Disaster Platform to Enhance Climate Resilience in Africa"(WADiRe-Africa)
In collaboration with the UNESCO-IHP and the AGRHYMET in West Africa, ICHARM established
the FEWS in the Niger and Volta River basins in West Africa (see 3.1). We conducted e-learning
capacity building training for local staff to become able to utilize the FEWS for disaster response.
Initially, the training was planned to be carried out face-to-face in West Africa, but the spread of the
COVID-19 infection made it impossible for ICHARM staff to travel to the site. Thus, e-learning was
the only option left to materialize the capacity building training during the project period, considering
the local conditions in West Africa; for example, the Internet connection was not always stable toprovide online, real-time classes, and many target countries were French-speaking countries. A special
website was set up on DIAS so that training participants could study offline by downloading training
materials pre-recorded in English and French.
The training was held from August 2020 to February 2021. Two types of training courses wereconducted for representatives from the NBA, the VBA, and 11 countries located in either river basin.
One was the "Expert Training" and the other "Training of Trainers (ToT)," which was a more advanced
course targeted at the experts nominated by AGRHYMET among those who had completed the Expert
Training.
In the Expert Training, the participants first learned offline using audio materials recorded in
English and French. The topics included climate change and flood mitigation, hydrological processes
and modeling, and flood mapping and response planning. Then, they created a local RRI model and atimeline for action using technical materials and attended online question-and-answer sessions. In theTraining of Trainers, the participants learned offline using materials prepared in English and French
about the design of flood response workshops for local residents and then attended online
question-and-answer sessions and discussions. Each participant had to compile a concept note.
Those who passed the proficiency test were certified for the completion of the training course. The
Expert Training was held four times, which 197 out of 288
participants completed. The Training of Trainers was held
twice, which 30 out of 44 participants completed.
ICHARM has three pillars of activity: (1) innovative
research, (2) effective capacity building, and (3) efficient
networking. In this project, ICHARM carried out
innovative research, such as establishing FEWS using data
provided by the AGRHYMET and other organizations,and utilized the results for capacity building for relatedorganizations to create a new network. This is a good
example of embodying the triangle of the three pillars.
5E-learning training2.2 Development of a simple, low-cost flood forecasting system for small and medium rivers
Water level forecasting, which provides important information for making decisions on evacuation and otherorders, is mainly conducted for large rivers and has not been practiced for many small and medium rivers acrossJapan. Consequently, many people reside along such rivers, while exposed to a high risk of severe damage once
they flood. Although it is necessary to predict water levels in these rivers to support the evacuation of residents,
few water level gauges are installed along them. Therefore, the MLIT has started promoting the installation of
low-cost water level gauges specifically for water level observation during floods. The gauges are designed to besmaller and less costly, using fewer communication devices. In small and medium river basins, the flood arrival
time from the beginning of heavy rainfall is often short.
To ensure safe evacuation, it is important to predict water levels as far in advance as possible and support as
early decision-making and action as possible. Therefore, this R&D project aimed to develop a simple, low-cost,and accurate water level forecasting system with a short computation time that can be easily installed in small
and medium rivers and predict when the river water will reach the flood level more than two hours in advance sothat flood risk information can be provided for residents living near small and medium rivers to start evacuation
early. To this end, the RRI model was adopted as the runoff analysis model for this system. The RRI model canrepresent runoff phenomena such as surface runoff and intermediate runoff with fewer parameters to be adjusted.
With this model, water level forecasting can be performed using JMA's radar-raingauge analyzed precipitationand short-time precipitation forecasts delivered in real time. In addition, the SCE-UA method was applied to the
RRI model as an automatic parameter adjustment function to accurately and quickly represent a rainfall-runoff
mechanism that changes from time to time. A particle filter was also adopted to sequentially modify the waterlevel prediction model using real-time water level observation data.
ICHARM’s main achievements for FY2020 and FY2021 are as follows. We investigated the accuracy ofvarious rainfall products and proposed methods for appropriately
combining multiple products. The rainfall products included JMA's
radar-raingauge analyzed precipitation, short-time precipitation forecasts,a preliminary version of radar-raingauge analyzed precipitation, apreliminary version of short-time precipitation forecasts, and MILT’s
high-resolution precipitation nowcasts. In addition, a prototype of areal-time automatic calculation, representation, and distribution system
was developed, and the models of approximately 130 rivers constructedby FY2021 were applied to the system. Information distribution

Predicting the flood level two hours in advanceexperiments are currently underway. In addition, a standard model, which
will serve as the basic method for model construction, is being developed
to create a manual on model construction methods for nationwide
deployment. Optional settings are also prepared for river characteristics
that cannot be covered by the standard model. This research and systemdevelopment were conducted under the PRISM of the Council for Science,
Technology and Innovation, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan.

6

Real-time automatic calculation, representation,and distribution system

2.3 Myanmar-Agriculture development support project: Technical support in flood simulation fordownstream areas of the Swa Chaung Dam
In August 2018, a spillway concrete weir of the Swa Chaung Dam, located about 60 km south of Naypyidaw,
the capital of Myanmar, failed and caused large-scale flooding downstream, which damaged more than 80
villages and forced more than 60,000 people to evacuate and be displaced.
Among many other countries where many irrigation dams have been
constructed to use rainy season water for dry season agriculture, Myanmar
has been exposed to such flood risk, which has become greater in recent
years, as heavy rainfall has been even more intense because typhoons
have become increasingly larger due to global warming. For this reason, it
is urgent to predict possible flood events in case of a dam failure andprepare emergency response measures in advance.
On the other hand, the flood simulation results in the lower reaches of
the Swa Chaung Dam submitted to the World Bank by a consultant
company of a certain country were questioned for their reliability; clearly,
they were not reproduced well when compared with local disasterphotographs.

GSMaP

Calibration

Ground gauge（daily）

Correction factor
Corrected rainfall distribution（ 0.1 degree grid, hourly ）Dam upstream model
Dam model

Creation of corrected
rainfall data

Calibration

Dam storage data

Dam water level data
Dam structure specifications
Satellite SAR

Residual basin model

Flood traces
Validation
Inundation model
Inundation area
Validation
Rainfall run-off
inundation model

Local disaster photo
Grasp the inundation area

Estimated flood area,
Creating a timeline

Probability
rainfall

Risk assessment

Ground gauge（daily）

Model
Original data
OutputCalculation results

Flow chart of analysis

In addition, we thought that it would be effective to utilize satellite data in order to grasp the inundation area
over a wide area, which can, in turn, be used toverify simulated inundation area.
Since

accumulating

abundant

researchexperience using satellite data in terms ofinundation area estimation, rainfall distribution,andrainfallrun-off

inundation

Reproduction of 2018 dam failure

models,200-year return period

Examples of flood simulation

ICHARM made a proposal to the World Bank

about technical support using these technologies. As a result, the World Bank decided that ICHARM provide
technical support to simulate the flooding in the downstream area at the time of the Swa Chaung Dam failure.
The first figure shows the building, calibrating, and verifying processes of the inundation model and futurerisk analysis carried out in this study. Of these processes, the correction of GSMaP using ground rain gauge data
and the estimation of the inundation area using the polarization information of satellite SAR data are described in
3.2.3. We confirmed that our model was able to reproduce dam failure flooding very well. Risk assessment was
performed using this model by simulating events of different scales, such as 1/200, 1/1000, and probablemaximum rainfall. The resulting information was provided for local experts to plan disaster prevention measuresand crisis management downstream of the dam. A manual was also created to describe these series of methods
for their application to other areas with dams.
Since the satellite products used in the proposed method are available free of charge anywhere in the worldand easy to handle, this method is a general-purpose method that can be widely applied to the evaluation of flood
disasters, which frequently occur in various parts of the world.

7

2.4 Publication and dissemination of Collection of Critical Situation during Flood Emergency
Response
ICHARM has posted “Collection of Critical Situations during Flood Emergency Response” on its
website since June 2020, aiming to help improve the emergency response capacities of local
governments for more effective management of flood disasters, which frequently occur across Japan inrecent years.
Defining critical situations in which local government officers have a hard time making sensible
decisions because they panic, don’t know what to do, are confused or in dilemma, etc., during an
emergency response effort, we collected typical critical situations from the review reports of past flood
disasters and summarized as a booklet. Also provided with the booklet is the “Appendix for local
government response under COVID-19,” which lists possible critical situations and necessary
countermeasures during flood emergency response under COVID-19.
（https://www.pwri.go.jp/icharm/special_topic/20200625_flood_response_collection_j.html）
From the start of publication in June 2020 to the end of September 2021, the Japanese version of thebooklet was accessed 6,669 times, and the English version was accessed 1,261 times. We advertisedthese on various occasions, and on August 20, 2020, “The International Online Conference To Address
Water-related Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) under the COVID-19 Pandemic” hosted by HELP andothers, introduced these booklets to a worldwide audience. The plenary session was watched by about
300 people from 40 countries, including their Majesties the Emperor and Empress of Japan.
Furthermore, in response to requests from local governments, ICHARM has delivered lectures andtraining on these booklets. On July 7, 2021, we gave a lecture to the mayors and disaster prevention
staff of local governments at a council that discusses disaster mitigation measures for large-scale
floods in the lower Natori River and the lower Abukuma River in the Tohoku region. On October 6,
2021, in Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture, training was held for city officials to learn cases addressed in
the Collection of Critical Situation during Flood Emergency Response according to a timeline. We
received the 2021 Excellence Award for our efforts from the Research Group for National Land andInfrastructure Technology of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. We willcontinue to update the booklets and develop dissemination activities.

Presentation at an international online conference

8

Training in Toyota City2.5 HyDEPP-SATREPS Philippines
ICHARM represents the Japanese side of the joint research project named "The Project for Developmentof a Hybrid Water-Related Disaster Risk Assessment Technology for Sustainable Local Economic
Development Policy under Climate Change in the Republic of the Philippines (HyDEPP-SATREPS)" basedon SATREPS. As an implementing agency, ICHARM is engaged in various activities with joint research
institutes in Japan and the Philippines.
The joint research project started as a JST project in Japan on April 1, 2020, but the start of the JICA
project in the Philippines was postponed due to COVID-19. The activities of the five-year project in thePhilippines finally started on June 3, 2021.
The joint research institutes in Japan are the University of Tokyo, Tohoku University, University of Shiga
Prefecture, Nagoya University, and Kyoto University.
The representative research institute on the Philippine side is the University of the Philippines Los Banos,
the joint research institutes are the University of the Philippines Diliman and Mindanao, and thecollaborative institutions are the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), the Department of Public
Works and Highways (DPWH), and the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), andLaguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA).
The joint research project finally started after a long disruption. A kick-off meeting was held online on
June 30, 2021, and a Joint Coordinating Committee (JCC) was held online with the participatingorganizations of both countries on November 17, 2021. In July-August 2021, an e-learning program on awater disaster risk assessment method was conducted. A total of 83 people participated, and 49 people
submitted assignments and completed the program.
On November 12, 2020, a giant typhoon, Ulysses, crossed Luzon Island amid the preparation for starting
a local project. Severe damage resulted in the Pampanga River basin, the Pasig Marikina River basin, andthe Laguna basin in the research area of Luzon Island. On November 5, 2021, which marked the first year
since the disaster, a public webinar was held with 243 participants to share the results of the research
project. In the webinar, ICHARM introduced an online system that comprehensively visualizes a damage
situation using Google Earth Engine by incorporating the inundation area read from satellite images and thedamage status of each municipality collected from damage reports.
Although restrictions on overseas travel may continue for a while due to COVID-19, we plan to continue
joint research in the future.

Displaying damage caused by Typhoon Ulysses on Google Earth Engine (Left: Distribution of affected population by municipality
as of December 10, 2020, Right: Estimated inundation area by SAR images in the Pasig-Marikina River and Laguna Lake basin)9

2.6 Online follow-up seminar for all the graduate of the ICHARM master’s and Ph.D. Programs
One and a half years after the establishment, ICHARM launched the Disaster Management Policy
Program (master's program) in October 2007. Three years later, in October 2010, the Disaster
Management Doctoral Program started. As of September 2021, 157 students completed the master’s
program, and 15 students the Ph.D. program. They are active as leaders in water-related disaster risk
reduction at their workplaces and communities in 37 countries, mainly in Asia, Africa, and Latin
America. On February 25, 2022, a follow-up seminar was held online, inviting all graduates. Over 100
participants were present, including 80 graduates and ICHARM staff involved in the educational
programs. The seminar consisted of three special lectures, two sessions of Focus Group Discussion,and General Sharing to share the discussion results with all participants. The first lecture was given by
the director of the WMO. The lecture included facts about climate and water and analyses conductedby the WMO. He also expressed high expectations for ICHARM students, graduates and researchers
for future contributions. The director of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Indonesia, spoke
about a unique framework called the Super Specialist Program in Indonesia. ICHARM Executive
Director talked about how difficult yet how critical it is to take bold, transformative steps to achieve asustainable society by enhancing disaster resilience, with concrete recommendations for action.
In the first session of Focus Group Discussion, the participants were divided into six groups fordifferent topics of climate change, hydrological processes, flood inundation, sediment and river
channel change, and disaster risk and response. In each group, the members shared their issues anddiscussed possible solutions. In the second session, six new groups were formed with different
members and discussed how the graduates of ICHARM’s educational programs should keep in touchand cooperate and what should be done to make the programs more attractive. The participants agreed
that opportunities like follow-up seminars are very important to strengthen cooperation among thegraduates and improve each other's skills. They acknowledged that follow-up seminars are extremely
effective, and many requested that they continue to be held once a year. Many valuable suggestions
were voiced for making ICHARM’s programs more attractive, though some are fairly easy to realize
while others may take a while. Requests such as setting up a technical consultation window at
ICHARMcanbeachieved

relatively

easily, but ones such as
chaining

admissionrequirements may not
be achieved in the shortterm. The follow-up
seminarwasheldonline for the first time
but turned out to bevery meaningful.
102.7 Support for the promotion of IFI activities and the autonomous participation by graduates fromICHARM training programs
IFI is a worldwide framework to promote collaboration in flood management among internationalorganizations such as UNESCO, WMO and UNDRR. ICHARM has been its secretariat since its
establishment. Under the framework of IFI, ICHARM has played the role of a facilitator to promote
the establishment of Platforms on Water Resilience and Disasters in cooperation with relevantorganizations in the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. Since the spring of 2020, ICHARM has
faced difficulties in taking business trips abroad or holding in-person conferences due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. However, ICHARM has organized e-learning sessions and related online
workshop programs, in which the relevant organizations to the IFI Platform participated. These
programs have been kept underway to support countries in developing the OSS-SR and fostering
facilitators. In addition, the AWCI sessions were convened online on February 26, 2021, and on
October 29, 2021, as sectional meetings of the AOGEO, where each country reported on the activities,
implementation status, and future plans.
Regarding these IFI Platform activities, graduates from ICHARM training programs have come toplay significant roles. For instance, Sri Lanka’s Platform has had meetings four times since theunprecedented flood disaster in May 2017. For all the meetings from the first one, a graduate of the
ICHARM master course program in 2009-2010, who is also an engineer of the Irrigation Department,
one of the major organizations in the Platform, has played a central role in all the processes, including
preparatory and operational tasks. At the AWCI session in October 2021, another graduate of the
ICHARM doctoral program in 2018-2021, who is back in Sri Lanka and restarted his work at the
Irrigation Department, provided an activity report representing the department. The latter one obtained
a Ph.D. for the research on water-related disaster risk reduction and integrated water resourcesmanagement under the climate change targeting in the Mahaweli River basin in Sri Lanka. They are
expected to play a leading role in their country by utilizing the experiences of research anddevelopment at ICHARM.
In this way, ICHARM will continue to support the graduates from ICHARM training programs inparticipating in and contributing to establishing an IFI Platform in each country and other activities.

The graduate of ICHARM doctoral program gave a presentation representing the Irrigation
Department of Sri Lanka at the AWCI session of the 14th AOGEO (October 29, 2021)

11

３．Research
3.1 Water-related disaster data archiving, sharing and statistics
3.1.1 Development of the Flood Early Warning System for West Africa
In recent years, floods have been frequent in West African countries, causing human damage andimpeding economic development. ICHARM developed the FEWS for the Niger and Volta Riverbasins on the DIAS in collaboration with the University of Tokyo’s EDITORIA as part of the
WADiRE-Africa project, which is a technical support research project to assist West Africancountries in avoiding and mitigating flood damage.
FEWS primarily provides three types of information, updating them every hour. One is real-time
GSMaP rainfall distribution. Another is basin-scale rainfall distribution using GSMaP that isbias-corrected using in-situ rainfall data. The last one is river water levels and inundation area over abasin and at high flood risk locations (hot spots), which are obtained from the WEB-RRI using
bias-corrected GSMaP as inputs. FEWS also provides expected maximum inundation depths at hot
spots. GSMaP-based rainfall distribution tends to be larger than the actual distribution in semi-arid
regions such as West Africa, but this problem was solved by performing bias correction on GSMaP
as mentioned above.
FEWS and simulation results have been made available for 11 countries in the Niger and Volta
River basins, the AGRHYMET, the NBA, the VBA, and other related organizations.

GSMaP real-time visualization (left) and expected maximum inundation depths at hot spots (right)
on the FEWS

3.1.2 Utilization of Satellite Precipitation Products in Data Insufficient Areas
To investigate the optimal density and placement pattern of ground rain gauges for bias correction,
this study conducted 346 runoff analyses in the Fuji River basin by applying 17 rain gauge
placement patterns and 4 correction methods to 6 kinds of satellite precipitation products. The
results showed that the optimal method for the target basin is the statistical and dynamical bias
correction (SDBC) method, in which correction factors estimated from precipitation data of the past12

ten days are further bias-corrected using correction factors estimated from long-term precipitationdata.
The study also showed that a certain number of ground rain gauges in a basin can ensure accurate
runoff analysis in the case of correcting real-time satellite rainfall products. The figure shows therelationship between the number of ground rain gauges used for bias correction (horizontal axis) andtheestimation

accuracyofthehydrologic model with bias-correctedsatellite rainfall products (the verticalaxis is Nash coefficient, or NSE; thelarger the value, the better). In the
figure, the green line indicates the“EARLY” product, the early delivery
version of the IMERG precipitation
product, and the blue line indicates the

The relationship between the hydrologic model’s estimation
accuracy (vertical axis, Nash coefficient) and the number ofground rain gauge locations used for bias correction(horizontal axis). The solid and dashed lines indicate thereference cases of uniform or biased ground rain gauge
locations, respectively. “GAUGE,” “EARLY,” and “NRT” mean
the simulation uses only rain gauges, early provided data by
IMERG, and early provided data by GSMaP, respectively.
“Other SPPs” means using other satellite precipitation
products, and “1U” means using only one upstream rain
gauge.

“NRT” product, the early delivery
version

of

the

GSMaP

satellite

precipitation product. Considering thatthese products are applied to the target
basin in real time, rain gauges at as few
as

four

locationscanensureareasonably high degree of accuracy,even if they are arranged eccentrically.
3.2 Risk assessment on water-related disasters

3.2.1 Development of models to reproduce and predict flood inundation with sediment
As seen in the Gofukuya River disaster in the East Japan heavy rains of 2019, landslides anddebris flows in mountainous areas during
heavy rains can result in large amounts of
sediment production, which causes significant
damage to the downstream areas. With thefrequent occurrence of this type of disaster,
there is a need for methods to properly assess
the risk of flood inundation with a hugeamount of sediment. To this end, we applied
the RRI model developed by ICHARM for
rainfall-runoffandone-dimensionalflow

analysis after modifying it so that the

The results of flood flow computation in theconfluence points of river channels can be

Gofukuya River (The color counters show flow

13

depths at the peak discharge.)

treated as a unit channel. We proposed this method to easily analyze sediment discharge from thebasin. The model was applied to calculate the sediment discharge from the Gofukuya River basin,
and then 2D analysis was conducted to reproduce the flood flow with sediment in the GofukuyaRiver using the calculation results as the boundary condition. The results showed that this approach
can reproduce sediment deposition thickness and grain size distribution with a certain degree of
accuracy.
An integrated model was developed to set the upper boundary condition of an inundation area bycoupling real-time flood forecasting, which uses the above-mentioned RRI model with a particle
filter, with basin sediment runoff analysis. Then, a system was developed to predict the behavior offlood, sediment, and flood inundation in real time on DIAS by applying the calculated upperboundary condition to a 2D analysis model using iRIC-Nays2DH A. Real-time calculations wereconducted for the Kagetsu River using this system. The system makes it possible to calculate thesediment discharge from the basin, estimate its impact on local flows in real time, and use thisinformation for evacuation forecasting and warning.
3.2.2 Development of optimized dam operation based on dam inflow prediction
In this research, ICHARM developed a WEB-DHM-S for the Oi and Sai Rivers in Japan. We thenconducted ensemble dam inflow prediction using this model and used the prediction results tooptimize dam operation to reduce flood risk and increase hydropower generation.
In the case of the Sai River, WEB-DHM-S predicted the flood discharge (800m3/s) at Ikusaka
Dam caused by a typhoon in 2018 with lead times of 7 to 31 hours.
In the Oi River, the optimized dam operation with pre-releases of dam water was applied toHatanagi Daiichi Dam during flooding caused by typhoons in 2018 and 2019. In the 2018 event (leftfigure), pre-releases were performed on the morning of the 29th (pink range). As a result, thesimulated dam water level (gray dotted line) decreased, and the simulated peak flow (pink range)
was successfully controlled to remain below the 600 m3/s level when the inflow (solid blue line)
peaked. If the pre-releases had not been performed, the gate discharge rate would have exceeded
600m3/s, as shown in the orange range. The 2019 event (right figure) is a typical case in which thedam water level was low at the forecasting start time. The inflow was stored effectively up to thefull water level (red dotted line) in advance, and the gate discharge was successfully controlled toremain below 600 m3/s. According to the Power Generation Volume Index, the average power

Results of dam operation during the flood caused by a typhoon at Hatanagi Daiiti Dam(left: September 30 to October 1, 2018, right: October 12-13, 2019)14

generation during the warm season (July to October) showed a 12.8% increase in 2018 and a 3.7%
increase in 2019.
As described above, with such seamless dam inflow prediction from low flow to peak flow, it ispossible to operate the dam to increase hydropower generation and decrease flood risk at the sametime.
3.2.3 Estimation of rainfall and inundation area using satellite data
In recent years, floods have become more frequent in many parts of the world due to increasingly
frequent heavy rainfall events caused by global warming. Therefore, it is necessary to assess flood
risks accurately and take appropriate measures to mitigate flood damage. However, many regions
lack the hydrological data required for simulation model building. In particular, it was a challenge todetermine hourly precipitation distribution, which is the driving data for models, and pastinundation area to verify the reproducibility of inundation models.
Therefore, in order to reproduce inundation
caused by an earth-dam failure in Myanmar in
2018, daily rainfall data from three nearby
locations were used to create precipitation data3

with an increased spatiotemporal resolution bycorrecting GSMaP and applying it to a runoff

1

inundation model. Satellite imagery is often used2

today to identify inundation areas. Still, it is noteasy to capture the peak flooding period because
satellite observations are at regular intervals andTrace of flood inundation

are affected by cloud cover. In this study, changes
in the surface conditions of vegetation due tofloodwaters were identified by comparing pre- andpost-flood SAR images. These were considered
traces of floodwaters. The area was then assumed
to be the inundation area, and the results wereapplied to validate the inundation model.

Change in VH polarization from Sentinel-1 SAR
images before and after the flood. Yellow
indicates an increase, and blue indicates adecrease. Black is the water surface before theflood. The yellow area is assumed to be a trace ofthe flood inundation area because it is thought tocapture changes in surface conditions such as
rice being pushed over by turbid water.

3.3 Monitoring and forecasting water-related disaster risk changes
3.3.1 Estimate of future water hazard risk (flood and drought) by climate change in the Solo Riverbasin and the Davao River basin
ICHARM has participated in the "Hazard assessment in Asian and Pacific countries andinternational cooperation,” one of the subprograms of the area theme D, “integrated hazard
prediction,” in the TOUGOU program, supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology, Japan, starting from October 2017.
15

In the TOUGOU program, we investigated changes in precipitation, flood discharge, inundation,
and water resources due to global warming in the Solo River basin, Indonesia, and the Davao Riverbasin, Philippines. We dynamically downscaled the MRI-AGCM 3.2S and 3.2H models for past andfuture climate scenarios of RCP8.5 and PCP2.6 using a regional climate model (WRF model) toobtain precipitation, temperature, and other variables in 5 km grids. In the Solo River basin,
precipitation is likely to increase over the basin under the RCP8.5 scenario compared to the past
climate. On the other hand, under the RCP2.6 scenario, precipitation is likely to increase in thedownstream area (northern part) but likely to decrease in the upstream area (southern part)compared to the past climate. In the RCP2.6 scenario, an anti-cyclone in the southern Indian Ocean
is projected to be intense, strengthening easterly winds around Java Island. The strengthened
easterly winds may cause a decrease in rainfall in the upstream river basin, whose eastern side issurrounded by high mountains.
3.3.2 Development of a drought monitoring system over West Africa using the CLVDAS
In West Africa, droughts are causing significant damage to health and the economy. In this study,
ICHARM investigated agricultural droughts in West Africa during the period from 2003 to 2018using the CLVDAS, which integrates passive microwave remote sensing techniques, a land surface
model, a dynamic vegetation model, and a data assimilation scheme. Although CLVDAS simulates
soil moisture, evapotranspiration, LAI, and vegetation water content, grains generally store water intheir body after absorbing it from their roots to grow and bear fruit. Therefore, this study focused onvegetation water content (m3/m3) as a drought indicator. In West Africa, the rain-fed agriculture ofcrops for home consumption is thriving. Because pearl millet is the main staple crop in this region,
the pearl millet yield (t) from FAOSTAT was selected as another drought indicator. However, it is
not possible to compare vegetation water content and pearl millet yield quantitatively; thus, thenormalized index based on the z-score theory was calculated for each day from 2003 to 2018 andcompared. The results found a good agreement between the pearl millet yield and the simulated
vegetation water content from CLVDAS in the period from 2005 to 2018 and concluded that
CLVDAS can assess drought in West Africa. Furthermore, both drought indicators clearly indicatedthe drought trends after 2011. We also found that one of the causes of the discrepancy between the

Vegetation water content (m3/m3) in West Africa:□ indicates the Sahel-inland region.

16

Comparison of the normalized index for vegetationwater content, pearl millet, and locust outbreakdays in the Sahel-inland region.

vegetation water content and the pearl millet yield in the period from 2003 to 2004 may have been
attributable to the effect of locust plague (FAO Locust watch).
3.4 Support through proposal, evaluation and application of policies for water disaster risk reduction
3.4.1 Examination of methods for improving the prediction accuracy of water level prediction
systems in small and medium rivers
ICHARM is working on the development of a water level forecasting system that is efficient incalculation time, cost, and mechanism and meets the level of accuracy required. The system is also

expected to be easily installed in small and medium rivers.
In the development process,not fit with the actual riverconditions because the riverbed
had changed. Therefore, we
incorporated an algorithm thatsequentially corrects an H-Q

Water Level [m]conventional H-Q curves did
Hazardous W.L.[m])Modified H-Q formula sequentially
Not modified H-Q formula sequentiallycurve into the system’s particle
filter. This improvement madeit possible to conduct real-timeObservation
W.L.[m]Current time

Rainfall intensity [mm/h]

we found some cases where

Predicted water level withcorrection predicts excess
Hazardous water level

Comparison example of predicted water level with and without H-Q
curve sequential correction

water level forecasting while
coping with riverbed variation.

In addition, since it takes time and effort to estimate the parameters that significantly affect the
reproducibility of simulation models, the SCE-UA method was applied to the RRI model used inthis system to automatically adjust the parameters. Moreover, since the current version of themethod is targeted only at mountainous areas, it was improved to optimize the parameters forcropland and paddy fields in order to increase its applicability to river basins whose dominat land
use is cropland and paddy fields. As a result, the system as a whole became highly applicable.
3.5 Support for improving the capacity to practice disaster prevention and mitigation
3.5.1 Research on flood risk assessment for river basins in mountains and information sharing
ICHARM analyzed the flood risk assessment tools used in Aga Town, Niigata Prefecture, andIwaizumi Town, Iwate Prefecture, in Japan and made improvements to incorporate them in IDRIS.
We developed the basic technology to link IDRIS with real-time water level prediction in small andmedium rivers in the future by installing IDRIS on DIAS.
ICHARM also promoted cooperation among municipal disaster prevention personnel andimproved IDRIS into a system that helps share information on disaster prevention and mitigation
among collaborating local governments (Aga Town of Niigata Prefecture, Iwaizumi Town of Iwate
17

Prefecture, and Tsuruoka City of Yamagata Prefecture) on smartphones.

Wide area

RegionPrefecture

All Japan

Municipality

IDRIS on DIAS and IDRIS screen for smartphones

3.5.2 Development of a risk communication system for raising awareness of water disaster andcrisis management
ICHARM reproduced an inundation situation for Aga Town, Niigata Prefecture, by acquiring
spatial information using UAV, ground laser survey, photogrammetry, the RRI model, and a floodinundation simulation model (iRIC Nays2D). We then developed a virtual flood experience systemthat allows users to experience evacuation during a virtual flood using an avatar. We also conducted
a technical study to seamlessly read the XML data placed on DIAS.
Using the virtual flood experience system, we performed a reality assessment of the water
disaster situation of Typhoon No. 19
in 2019 with support from affected
residents. We discovered that when
making decisions about evacuation,
the residents decided how to act
based on their past flood experiences(e.g., 2011 Niigata, Fukushima heavyrain). This result points out that it iscritical for people to know thatexperience can work against them,especially considering climate change.

Development of Virtual Flood Experience System

18

For this reason, we created a VR tool for passing on lessons people should learn from past flood
events, including the lesson that it is sometimes wise not to rely too much on experience.
3.5.3 Study on globally-applicable multiple-risk assessment of water-related disasters and on amethod of building a resilient society based on assessment results
ICHARM has been exploring advanced methods to accurately estimate disaster risks that havenot been evaluated by conventional methods.
In one attempt, we conducted a questionnaire

Number of Disrupted Days (Unit: days)

Headquarter with direct loss

survey for businesses and analyzed theimpact of a disaster on their production andsales in the cases of Joso City, Ibaraki
Prefecture, damaged by the Kanto andTohoku heavy rain in 2015, and Hiroshima
and Okayama Prefectures, affected by theheavy rain disaster in July 2018. The results
revealedtherelationshipbetween

Headquarter with indirect loss
Branch offices with direct loss
Branch offices with indirect loss
Factories with direct loss
Factories with indirect loss
Days based on the
国土交通省の治水経済
Manual for Economic
調査マニュアル（令和Evaluation of Flood
2年4月改定）に基づく
Control Investment by
営業停止日数
National
Government

thepresence or absence of direct and indirect

Height of Damage above the First Floor (Unit: cm)

damage and the days of business suspension.

Relationship between the floodwater level above first

The results of this research prompted thefloor and the days of business suspension due to therevision of the Flood Damage Economical

July 2018 heavy rain

Survey Manual in 2020.

3.5.4 Proposal of risk indicators to comprehensively evaluate the disaster mitigation effects ofvarious disaster prevention measures and investments
For communities to be disaster- resilient,
as possible and recover as fast as possible.
Because communities’ ability to recover has notbeenstudiedmuch,

weconducted

aquestionnaire survey to find out the recovery⑤y = 0.2943ln(x) - 0.1257
R² = 0.9842

0.8
元に戻った割合The ratioof recovery

they should be able to reduce as much damage

1
0.9
0.7

②y = 0.0126x
R² = 0.9972

0.6
0.5
0.4

③y = 0.0076x
R² = 0.9521

0.3
0.2

④y = 0.0077x
R² = 0.9806

0.1
0①y = 0.0123x
R² = 0.9908

0

10

20

30

40

Number of発生からの月数
months after the disaster50

curves of housing reconstruction, daily life, andRatio of recovery of daily life(more than half damage)①毎日の生活が元に戻った割合（半壊以上）

community activity in the two affected areas:

Ratio of recovery of community activity(more than half damage)③地域の活動が元に戻った割合（半壊以上）

Joso City, Ibaraki Prefecture, damaged by the
Tohoku and Kanto heavy rain disaster in 2015,
and Iwaizumi Town, Iwate Prefecture, damaged

Ratio of recovery of daily life(all damage)②毎日の生活が元に戻った割合（全回答）
Ratio of recovery of community activity (all damage)④地域の活動が元に戻った割合（全回答）
Ratio of repairing/rebuilding of the house⑤補修・建て替え完了割合
Approximate
curve for recovery of daily life(more than half damage)線形(①毎日の生活が元に戻った割合（半壊以上）)
Approximate
curve for daily life(all damage)線形(②毎日の生活が元に戻った割合（全回答）)
Approximate
curve for community activity(more than half damage)
線形(③地域の活動が元に戻った割合（半壊以上）)
Approximate
curve for community activity (all damage)
線形(④地域の活動が元に戻った割合（全回答）)
Approximate
curve for repairing/rebuilding of the house
対数(⑤補修・建て替え完了割合)

by Typhoon No. 10 in 2016. Based on the

Examples of recovery curves and indicators for thesurvey results, we proposed indicators, such as

recovery of regional functions in Iwaizumi Town

the period that the communities may need to19achieve a 50% recovery, as the targets for planning and investing in disaster risk reduction measures.
We also proposed possible recovery promotion measures, for example, to shorten this 50% recovery
period.
3.5.5 Research on a simple method to estimate socio-economic impacts of flood disasters
ICHARM has been studying a simple method to estimate the impact of flood damage onsocio-economic activities. In this process, we analyzed the gross prefectural product (nominal) from1955 to 2018 by industry for prefectures that suffered severe flood damage in the recent past tounderstand the impact of flood damage on socio-economic activities. The results found that thegross prefectural product was greatly impacted by nationwide crises such as oil shocks but not by
flood damage.
Major events in JapanTokyo Olympics(1964)
Izanagi boom (1965 - 1970)
First oil shock (1973)
Second oil shock (1979-1980)
Recession causedby the strong yen (1986)
Start of VAT (1989)
End of the bubble economy(1991 - 1993)
Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake (1995)
2008 financial crisis (2008)
Great East Japan earthquake(2011)Start of Abenomics (2012)

Changes in Aichi Prefecture's gross domestic productWe also analyzed the gross municipal product for the three municipalities: Joso City, Ibaraki
Prefecture, severely damaged by the Kinugawa River levee breach in 2015; Inashiki City, Ibaraki
Prefecture, whose gross product is similar to that of its neighboring Joso City; and Sanjo City,
Niigata Prefecture, damaged by a flood in 2011. The results suggested that if the flood damage
reaches as large as 50% of a municipality’s gross product, it would cause a great impact on its gross
Gross domestic product in the city
500000product in the city

4000000.6

Flood in Joso city, 2015

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2

Joso city, Ibaraki

Flood in Sanjo
city, 2011prefecture
Inashiki city, Ibaraki
prefecture

0.1
0
2005

Sanjo city, Niigata
2010

2015

2020

prefecture

A.D.

（million）

Damage of amount by flood/Gross domestic

domestic prodct

propotion of damage per

product.

Flood in Sanjo city, 2011

Flood in Joso
city, 2015

300000200000

Joso city, Ibaraki
prefecture
Inashiki city, Ibaraki
prefecture

100000

Sanjo city, Niigata

02005

prefecture
2010

2015

2020

A.D.

Gross municipal product(based on the year of disaster)

Flood damage/Gross municipal product20

3.5.6 Development of an “Online Synthesis System for Sustainability and Resilience (OSS-SR)”and Fostering “Facilitators” in Davao City, Philippines
ICHARM has developed an“Online Synthesis System for
Sustainability

andResilience(OSS-SR)” on Data Integration
Analysis System (DIAS) and hashelped foster “Facilitators” byutilizing OSS-SR for e-learning as
one of the activities organized by
the Platform on Water Resilienceand Disasters in the Philippines.

Concept of OSS-SR

The OSS-SR for Davao City isdesigned to integrate knowledge and information on real-time flood forecasting and climate change
impact assessment and allow local stakeholders to learn about them through e-learning. Furthermore,
we held an e-learning workshop for about a month from April 19 to May 17, 2021, and hands-on
training for two weeks from January 17 to 28, 2022, to effectively foster “Facilitators” for Davao
City in cooperation with the Department of Science and Technology Region 11 (DOST XI).
Especially in the hands-on training, participants took four lectures and practiced flood hazard
mapping, contingency planning, and action planning based on the lecture contents. They werehighly interested in the training and submitted useful deliverables, as they learned the flood risks at
the locations of important structures, schools, and evacuation centers using the results of climatechange impact assessments and data collected from the flood forecasting system in Davao City.
Their achievements should be utilized to formulate practical disaster prevention plans and measures.
Through a series of workshops and training, we were able to have meaningful discussions while
getting a lot of feedback from participants on various issues, such as the usability of the integrated
knowledge system, local operation and sustainability of the system in the future, cooperation withrelated projects, the reflection of
local knowledge, experience, andinsights in projects, and effective
communication

to

the

audience(e.g.,

disastermanagementtargetpolicymakers,
teams,

private sectors, the media, andcivil groups). Based on the above,
we would like to enhance thedisasterresilienceofComparison of inundation conditions with and without climatechange impact

local
21

communities by further improving the OSS-SR and implementing practical training throughco-design with local stakeholders.
3.5.7 STREPS project “Regional Resilience Enhancement through Establishment of Area-BCM at
Industry Complexes in Thailand”
ICHARM aims to contribute to
the development of a sustainable
society and economy in Thailand
by strengthening local resiliencethrough the formulation of Area
Business Continuity Management
in its industrial clusters, withparticipationinthe JICA-JST

SATREPS

project,“Regional

Resilience Enhancement throughEstablishment of Area-BCM at
Industry Complexes in Thailand.”We also aim to extend theachievements of the project to
other

ASEAN

Specifically,

wecountries.
have

Inundation analysis results in the target industrial zone

been

developing methods that assist decision-makers in making decisions about the operation andevacuation of businesses by forecasting when inundation may start and end, which area may beinundated, and how deep the inundation may be by using a hydrological basin-scale model and an
industrial park-scale high-resolution model.

22

４．Training
4.1 Master’s program: Water-related Risk Management Course of Disaster Management Policy
ProgramSince 2007, ICHARM has provided a one-year master’s program, “Water-related Risk Management
Course of Disaster Management Policy Program (JICA Training Program: Training for Expert on
Flood-Related Disaster Mitigation),” as a joint effort with JICA and GRIPS. This program is targeted
at officials of administrative organizations and designed for them to obtain a master’s degree within asingle year. In the first half of the course, from October to March, the classes consist mostly of
lectures; in the second half, from April to the end, students work on research and graduation theses. In
addition, several study trips are conducted during the program for students to visit dam, river, andother management offices around Japan, where they can learn firsthand knowledge and experience incurrent flood management in Japan from experts of MLIT and other organizations.
Between 2007 and 2020, the master’s program of ICHARM graduated 150 students from 34
countries.
In September 2020, the 13th batch of 11 students from 6 countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brazil,
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan), who entered the program in October 2019, graduated with a master’s
degree. In the following month, the 14th batch of 7 students from 6 countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Malaysia, Mauritius, Myanmar, Tonga) entered theprogram.
In September 2021, the 14th batch of 7 students from
6 countries graduated, and in the following month, the15th batch of 11 students entered the program from 8
countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indonesia, Malawi,
Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines, Sri Lanka).
At the beginning of the course, all seven students who

Online lecture using an electronic

enrolled in October 2020 could not enter Japan due toblackboard

thespreadof

COVID-19.

Therefore,

ICHARM

introduced an electronic blackboard before the classes
started and established a system to provide lectures
online in real time to students staying in their homecountries.
Also, in the first half of the course, some students
could not enter Japan and thus had no access topaper-based training materials. ICHARM decided to

Hydraulic model experiment (Verifying

provide them in digital form before the lectures. Also, allwhat the student learned in the hydraulics

the lectures were recorded as a solution to internet

class in the experimental waterway)

communication problems.
23

In addition, ICHARM developed e-learning materials to facilitate self-study. Various efforts weremade to keep the programs in session. We asked outside lecturers to give lectures online if they had tocommute through high coronavirus risk areas. As described above, the lectures and training wereconducted in different styles according to the severity of the COVID-19 spread; some lectures were
given in person, some remote, and still some a combination of both. When the lectures were conducted
face to face in the lecture room, extra precautions were exercised; for example, the staff and thestudents helped each other disinfect desks and devices every time between classes, in addition to otherinfection control measures such as installing partitions between desks.
Additional special measures are also taken. Supervisors were assigned to each student in late
October, which was earlier than usual, and they started making regular online contact with students
who could not come to Japan, hoping that such attempts would raise students' motivation toward thesis
writing from the beginning of the training.
Despite all the difficulties, the students did excellently. They all completed the program with amaster’s degree without anybody infected with the disease. On top of that, the student who studied
online through the entire period of the program, including supervision and thesis writing, received theBest Research Award, which is given to those who have created an excellent master's thesis.

Site visit to the Shinano-gawa River basin

JICA Closing Ceremony for the 14th batch of Master's
Program (September 2021, at the ICHARM auditorium)

4.2 Doctoral program: Disaster Management Program
ICHARM started a doctoral program, “Disaster Management Program,” in 2010 in collaboration
with GRIPS to produce experts who are capable of developing policies on water-related disaster risk
management and taking the leadership in implementing them.
By the end of 2020, 12 students from 5 countries completed the doctoral program.
In September 2020, the 8th batch of 1 student graduated with a doctoral degree in disastermanagement. In October, the 11th batch of 2 students entered the program.
In September 2021, the 9th batch of 3 students graduated with a doctoral degree in disastermanagement. In October, the 12th batch of 3 students entered the program.
Currently, 5 doctoral students (2 second-year, 3 first-year students) are studying in the program.
Among the five students, one was enrolled in September 2020, and two were enrolled in September
2021 using JICA’s new scholarship program for international doctoral students, “Disaster Risk
24

Reduction Leaders Capacity Development
for the Sendai Framework Implementation.”
This program was realized in response tointernational discussions on water hazards, in
which

the

importanceofpromotingcooperation between policy and science wasstressed. It aims to help provide high-leveltraining for individuals who are expected to

Diploma Award Ceremony for JICA scholarshipassume an executive position in theirgovernments in the future and has been
implemented with the ICHARM training

students of the 9th batch of Doctoral Program(September 2021, in front of the main gate of GRIPS)

program and the GRIPS policy program.
In September 2021, two students obtained doctoral degrees using this scholarship.
4.3 Follow-up seminar for ICHARM alumni
ICHARM has held a Follow-up Seminar once a year since 2007 in a country of graduates fromICHARM educational and training programs to provide additional assistance and visit rivers and otherplaces with water-related problems. This annual meeting is a great opportunity for ICHARM to see
how graduates are using the knowledge and skills they learned at ICHARM and to share issues they
face in their practices. Such information is used to improve ICHARM’s training programs and enhance
its research activities.
The FY2020 Follow-up Seminar was canceled due to the spread of COVID-19. However, in
FY2021, ICHARM decided to hold one with the following objectives:(1) To build a network of ICHARM staff and alumni and a network of alumni.
(2) To share the current situation and issues of water disaster risk management in each participating
country and discuss solutions to improve the current situation and solve issues.
(3) To collect opinions and suggestions on training contents and training methods to utilize them for
future development of training programs at ICHARM and PWRI.
For these purposes, ICHARM held the Follow-up Seminar online on February 25, 2022. Two
special speakers and 69 master's and doctoral alumni participated.
4.4 Internship
ICHARM has accepted interns from both Japan and overseas. In 2020, ICHARM accepted twointernational interns: the Chinese intern from Sichuan University and the Cambodian intern from
Kyoto University. In 2021, ICHARM accepted one international intern from a private company inJapan. The interns spent 6 months or 2 years at ICHARM studying hydraulic and hydrologic analysis,
disaster risk analysis, or other subjects depending on their interest while getting technical advice fromICHARM researchers.
25

５．Information networking
5.1 IFI activities
5.1.1 Activities in individual countries
ICHARM has been promoting the global effort to establish Platforms on Water Resilience andDisasters, based on the Jakarta Statement, “Towards an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary
partnership to consolidate flood risk reduction and sustainable development,” adopted at the side
event of the 8th HELP meeting in Jakarta, Indonesia, in October 2016. In response, the participatingorganizations met at a workshop in January 2017 in Tokyo, Japan, and elaborated the basic action
plan of IFI. Since then, ICHARM has been assisting the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia inestablishing a Platform on Water Resilience and Disasters.
In the Philippines, the effort to foster “Facilitators” is underway by utilizing OSS-SR developedon DIAS. An e-learning & workshop program was held for about a month from April 19 to May 17,
2021, in cooperation with
the Department of Scienceand Technology Region
11

(DOST

XI).

The

participants were required
to view 10 lectures, takeanonlineexam,

andsubmit two assignments.
In the end, 21 participants
met

all

criteria

andSchedule of the e-learning & workshop program for Davao City, thePhilippines (April-May 2021)

completed the course.

In Sri Lanka, four plenary sessions for the Platform on Water Resilience and Disasters have been
conducted since August 2017 with the participation of major water related organizations. ICHARM
has conducted on-site and hands-on training on such topics as real-time flood forecasting systems
for experts from the organizations. Currently, an OSS-SR is being developed, with which ane-learning and workshop program will be conducted online on the following topics: a) Flood early
warning and risk mapping, b) Climate change adaptation planning; c) Economic damage
assessment; d) Contingency planning; and e) Capacity building for Facilitators.
In Indonesia, a Platform on Water Resilience and Disaster was established in August 2019,consisting of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR), the National Disaster Management
Authority (BNPB), the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), theMinistry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), and the Ministry of Agriculture (KP). As part ofthis effort, an e-learning & workshop program was conducted from October to November 2021 incollaboration with ICHARM and the governmental, operational, educational, and research institutesof Japan, such as the Secretariat of the Water Cycle Policy Headquarters of the Cabinet Secretariat,
26

MLIT, JMA, JWA, JAXA and Tohoku University.
The program aimed to provide capacity-building training for government officers and strengthen
the collaboration among water-related ministries in order to help local stakeholders increasewater-related disaster resilience and achieve sustainable development under climate change.
5.1.2 Activities for international and regional partnerships
ICHARM has participated in various international conferences and disseminated achievements
and findings regarding the activities of IFI and the Platform through sessions and side-events
organized concurrently with the main conferences.
The COVID-19 pandemic broke out in early 2020 and still continues today. Even in this crisis,
communities and countries around the world need to prepare for the flood season annually, during
which tremendous flood damage may result. To support them in such circumstances, ICHARM has
been developing guidelines for early flood warning and evacuation with prevention measuresagainst COVID-19. In the same context, it has also been developing an information sharing system
for municipalities by utilizing existing information systems for disaster risk reduction, such as
IDRIS, BOSS-SHIFT and DIAS. To disseminate these efforts to the IFI implementing countries andothers, ICHARM hosted a webinar titled “ICHARM’s efforts for addressing flood disasters
considering the prevention of COVID-19 infection” on July 3, 2020. The webinar was attended bymore than 60 people, including high-level participants.
The AWCI Session was convened online on February 26, 2021, as the first task group of the 13th
AOGEO Symposium, gathering more than 60 participants. After reviewing past AWCI activities
and hearing the reports of the Platforms on Water Resilience and Disasters in the IFI implementing
countries, a new framework and strategy for developing a localized OSS-SR and fostering on-site
Facilitators were proposed and discussed. The discussion results were reflected in the statement of
AOGEO.
The AWCI Session was also convened online on October 29, 2021, as a sectional meeting of the
14th AOGEO Symposium. More than 50 people participated, including directors from relatedorganizations in the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. In this session, each country reported on
the implementation status and future plan of the Facilitator training through e-learning. The session

Participants in the 14th AOGEO AWCI Session (October 29, 2021)

27

also covered cutting-edge research and development topics in agriculture and food, climate change
and water use, ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction, and floods and poverty. In conclusion, thesession emphasized the necessity of promoting the Water Cycle Consilience in cooperation withvarious socio-benefit areas related to the Quality of Life (QoL), such as water-related disaster risk
reduction, urbanization, ecosystems, food, energy, poverty, health, education, and labor. The idea ofthe Water Cycle Consilience was included in the final statement of AOGEO.
5.2 Contribution to the international community
5.2.1 Participation in and contribution to major international conferences“The International Online Conference to Address Water-related DRR under the COVID-19
Pandemic” was held on August 20, 2020, which was jointly organized by HELP, UNDESA/UNCRD,
ADB, GRIPS, and others. HELP created “Principles to Address Water-related Disaster Risk
Reduction (DRR) under the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The conference was attended by approximately
300 participants from 40 countries, including leaders, government officials, representatives ofinternational, UN and civil-society organizations, and experts on DRR, water and health, anddiscussed effective ways to address water-related DRR under the COVID-19 pandemic. As anadvisor of HELP, the ICHARM executive director served as one of the co-coordinators of thescientific and technology session entitled “Role of Science and Technology to Cope with Challenges
on Water, Disaster, and COVID-19.” An ICHARM senior researcher also presented a booklet,“Collection of Critical Situations during Flood Emergency Response,” developed by ICHARM.
ICHARM has substantially and continuously participated in and supported UNSTSWD which has
been held biennially since 2013. On June 25, 2021, the UNSTSWD5 was held online. Prior to it,
ICHARM organized the S&T Panel, which was joined by more than 160 viewers worldwide. With
the ICHARM executive director jointly facilitating the event, the representatives of UNESCO,
WMO, UNDRR and other organizations made presentations and joined the panel discussion. The
S&T Panel summarized the results into the concrete actions: open science policy, systemic solutions,
integrated and science-based actions, and tripartite cooperation among science, policy and operation.
The summary was reported at UNSTSWD5, convened soon after the S&T Panel. The outcomes are
expected to be reported at the
future global milestone events,
including the mid-term review
processes on the SDGs and the
Sendai Framework on Disaster
Risk Reduction 2015-2030.
Inaddition,

ICHARMhascontinuously participated in andactively contributed to SWWWs
by co-organizing sessions with

Participants of the S&T Panel of UNSTSWD5 (June 25, 2021)

28

partner organizations and providing the presentations of its activities. Although SWWW wascancelled in 2020, ICHARM convened a session titled “Post COVID-19 River Basin Disaster
Resilience, Sustainability & Sound Water Cycle” with HELP, MLIT, GRIPS, and the otherorganizations on August 24, 2021. ICHARM also co-organized another session titled “Accelerating
Inclusive Water Governance to Advance Sustainable Development” with the APWF Secretariat and
GWP on August 25.
In close partnership with relevant organizations, ICHARM is eagerly engaged in the preparatory
activities as a session organizer of water and disasters/climate change at the 4th APWS to be held in
April 2022 and as a conference organizer of ICFM9 in February 2023.
5.2.2 Contribution to the UNESCO-IHP
At present, UNESCO is developing the ninth phase of the Programme, IHP-IX 2022-2029. Since
the 23rd session of the IHP Intergovernmental Council (IGC) in June 2018, discussions havecontinued at the UNESCO-IHP Secretariat, the IHP National Commissions of the member countries,
UNESCO category II centres, the UNESCO Chairs, and other relevant organizations. Thanks totheir efforts, the Strategic Plan of the IHP-IX 2022-2029 was presented at the 24th session of
IHP-IGC held online in June 2021 and gained consensus at the 4th extraordinary session in
September-October 2021. The Open-Ended Working Groups have continued discussing the
Operational Implementation Plan and other issues, aiming to have the plan adopted at the 25th
session of IHP-IGC in April 2022. The IHP-IX includes many issues related to water-related
disasters and their risk management, such as the development of hydrological science and research,capacity development, and data collection and sharing. ICHARM researchers have participated in aseries of discussions according to their professional backgrounds and will be trying to contribute toachieving the goals of the IHP-IX.
In partnership with UNESCO and AGRHYMET, ICHARM co-organized an information sessionof WADiRE-Africa as a joint project with UNESCO on December 1, 2021. In this session, theambassador, permanent delegate of Japan to UNESCO, gave an opening address, followed bypresentations by panelists, including the ICHARM executive director and an expert from VBA, who
had training at ICHARM for the project.
In the Asia-Pacific region, ICHARM has participated in the meetings of the UNESCO-IHP
Regional Steering Committee for Asia and the Pacific as one of the core organizations. After a
one-year postponement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 28th meeting was held online on
November 24~25, 2021. ICHARM presented its recent activities covering research, training, andnetworking and explained an e-learning training program implemented for local practitioners in
Davao City, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Appointed as a member of the National Committee for
the IHP, Science Subcommittee, the Japanese National Commission for UNESCO, ICHARM hascontributed to UNESCO’s operation by reporting its activities regularly.
29

5.2.3 Contribution to the field of hydrology
As hydrology is one of its important research areas, ICHARM has been participating ininternational workshops in this area to exchange views and ideas with other organizations. In
particular, ICHARM has long contributed to various committees and programs of WMO.
An ICHARM researcher participated in the Support-Based Partners (SBP) Fora of the AssociatedProgramme

on

Flood

Management(APFM), a joint initiative of WMO and
GWP. The meetings were so far held in
August 2020, March 2021, and October
2021. In APFM, the Technical Support
Unit (TSU) has been organized todevelop and maintain a continuous
cooperation framework with partners
throughout the year. ICHARM hascontributed to APFM as an SBP throughsuch activities as the development offlood early warning systems in the Volta

Participants in the third WMO RA II Hydrological
Advisers’ Forum

River basin and IFI Platforms on Water

Resilience and Disasters in the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. ICHARM will also further
cooperate with APFM to promote plans and projects based on the concept of Integrated FloodManagement (IFM).
WMO RA II Hydrological Advisers’ Fora were held in September 2020, March 2021, andNovember 2021 and discussed, from a hydrological perspective, future activities and cooperation in
the Asian region under the new WMO management. Specifically, the fora discussed activities
related to the Hydrological Coordination Panel (HCP) and two new technical commissions,
Infrastructure Commission and Services Commission, established with the reorganization of WMO.
An ICHARM researcher joined the discussions on activities of the regional HCP in Asia, buildingon the achievements of the former Working Group on Hydrological Services.
5.2.4 Contribution to DRR
The 3rd UNWCDRR, held in March 2015, adopted the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction 2015-2030 as the new global policy for disaster management defining seven targets andfour priorities for action. To develop an action plan for implementing the four priorities for action,
the “International Conference on Science and Technology for Sustainability - Global Forum on
Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience 2017 -” was held in Tokyo in November 2017,
jointly organized by six entities, including PWRI. As a result of this forum, “Tokyo Statement 2017”
was adopted, which proposed developing guidelines on national DRR platforms with support fromscience and technology, as well as producing periodic synthesis reports, in cooperation with all
30

stakeholders. Based on these discussions, in 2020, SCJ published a recommendation entitled“Building a sustainable global society by strengthening disaster resilience: Developing an ‘Online
Synthesis System (OSS)’ and fostering ‘Facilitators’ to realize consilience.”
In line with these events, JHoP wasestablishedasauniqueentitycomposed of prominent universities,
research

institutions

associations

involved

andgeneralindisasterresilience enhancement in Japan withsupportNational

from

the

Committee

IRDR

Japan

and

the

Subcommittee for IRDR of SCJ, with
NIED serving as its secretariat. JHoP
aims to promote interdisciplinary and

Structural image of JHoP

transdisciplinary research, educationand social implementation and contribute to the creation of science-based disaster-resilient societies.
It also seeks to implement the 2020 recommendation of SCJ by developing OSS-SR and fostering
Facilitators for promoting coherence among DRR, CCA, and SDGs.
In addition, the IRDR ICoEs have been established in some major countries to develop an
integrated approach to DRR that directly contributes to achieving the objectives and strategies of
IRDR. In June 2021, the IRDR Japan NC sent a letter on “Expression On Interest” to establish the
IRDR ICoE-Coherence for further strengthening the coherence among DRR, CCA and SDGs byconducting integrated research and implementation through international cooperation. At the 26th
session of the IRDR SC meeting in October 2021, the proposal to establish the ICoE-Coherence wasunanimously approved. Based on it, JHoP will play a leading role in promoting advanced andintegrated activities internationally.
As a part of its activities, a public symposium was held online at the National Conference for
Promoting Disaster Risk Reduction 2021 on November 6, 2021, under the title of “What isresilience to overcome national catastrophes for Japan in the 21st century - Strategy for establishingconsilience of knowledge on disaster risk reduction.” The symposium was jointly organized by
JHoP and the Sub-committee for IRDR of the Committee for Civil Engineering and Architecture,
which is part of SCJ. ICHARM contributed to this symposium by presenting an e-learning
workshop organized with Davao City, the Philippines, as an activity led by the Platform on Water
Resilience and Disasters under IFI. ICHARM also shared information about fostering Facilitatorsand developing an OSS-SR through the e-learning system.
At the 3rd UNWCDRR in 2015, ICHARM had made an active contribution by participating invarious sessions and sharing knowledge and information with international participants. At the
Global Forum 2017 in Tokyo, ICHARM played a central role in planning and operating the forum31

from the initial stage. ICHARM also demonstrated leadership in developing the recommendation of
SCJ in 2020, establishing JHoP, and promoting its activities. Further, ICHARM has registered IFI
activities in the Sendai Framework Voluntary Commitments Initiative, which is designed to support
partnership development at all levels to implement the Sendai Framework for DRR.
5.2.5 Invited lectures
ICHARM researchers, including the executive director, were invited by internationalorganizations and universities inside and outside Japan to give lectures or join discussions onwater-related disasters and their risk management.
5.3 Contribution to the Typhoon Committee
TC is an intergovernmental community jointly organized in 1968 by UNESCAP and WMO to promoteand coordinate the development and implementation of plans to minimize human and physical damage
caused by typhoons in the Asia-Pacific region. The members are composed of governmental organizationsof 14 nations and territories in East and Southeast Asia. The committee consists of four Working Groups ofMeteorology, Hydrology, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Training and Research, each of which works on its
projects independently. Integrated Workshops and Annual Sessions are also held periodically. The
following lists the TC-related meetings held in the 2020-2021 period:

・ The 9th Annual Meeting of WGH (Web conference; October 22, 2020)
・ The 15th Annual Integrated Workshop (Web conference; December 1-2, 2020)
・ The 53rd Annual Session (Web conference; February 23-25, 2021)
・ The 10th Annual Meeting of WGH (Web conference; October 22, 2021)
・ The 16th Annual Integrated Workshop (Web conference; December 2-3, 2021)
・ The 54th Annual Session (Web conference; February 23-25, 2022)
ICHARM participated in the above discussions as the chair of WGH, led the discussions of WGH with
MLIT, and worked on AOP-7 “Water Resilience and Disaster Platform in IFI,” which is one of the AOPs of
WGH. As a result of AOP-7, ICHARM
examinedamethod

that

can

be

implemented even under the pandemicof

COVID-19e-learning

and

and

provided

workshops

an
using

OSS-SR in Davao City, the Philippines.
The 53rd Annual Session, held online
in February 2021, announced that
ICHARM was given the Dr. Roman L.
Kintanar Award 2020 together with
JAXA and IDI. This award was createdParticipants at the 9th Annual Meeting of TC-WGH(October 22, 2020)

in 2006 to commend institutions for32significant contributions to the achievement of the mission and vision of TC in acknowledging thededication in the struggle against typhoon-related disasters by Dr. Roman L. Kintanar, who was thecoordinator of the TC secretariat. ICHARM was highly evaluated for its outstanding contribution toenhancing the flood forecasting and management capacity in the TC region by supporting the flood hazard
mapping project of TC and utilizing the GSMaP product developed and provided by JAXA.

5.4 Leading the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)/Regional Cooperative Agreement(RCA) IAEA RAS/7/035 Project (2020-2023)
Since the success of the IAEA RAS/7/030 Project implementation (2016-2019), ICHARM
continues contributing to the IAEA RAS/7/035 Project between 2020 and 2023 on “Enhancing
Regional Capability for the Effective Management of Ground Water Resources Using Isotopic
Techniques” in response to requests from the MOFA of Japan by assigning an ICHARM research
specialist as one of the national project coordinators and representatives of Japan for the following
purposes:-

Conduct training for participants from the RCA member countries for the effective managementof groundwater resources on the basis of comprehensive assessment using an integration of
isotopic, hydrogeological and chemical techniques;-

Provide expert advice for specific study areas of the RCA member countries by answering
questions on groundwater sources, recharge mechanisms, age and volumes;-

Promote the application of isotope techniques in Japan to characterize water cycles insubsurface and surface water components;-

Contribute to the research development of new numerical modeling technology and preparationof the next 3-year IAEA/RCA projects for reducing water-related disasters of floods anddroughts.

For the IAEA RAS/7/035 Project, the representative of China was appointed to coordinate activities.

However, all face-to-face meetings and the regional and national training courses were cancelled due to the
COVID-19 pandemic from January 2020. To address this, the IAEA home-based expert engagement ande-learning training was adopted to continue preventing in-person international travel during the RAS/7/035
project. The ICHARM research specialist co-represented Japan with Prof. TSUJIMURA (Tsukuba
University) and participated in the First Coordination Meeting of the project RAS/7/035, which was held
online on September 10-11, 2020, sharing a proposed plan of isotope hydrology research in the Tokyo
Metropolitan Area with other representatives from Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Lao, Malaysia,
Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. After the First
Coordination Meeting, the ICHARM research specialist was nominated as the IAEA Lecturer/Expert toprovide online guidance by reviewing, interpreting and summarizing existing isotopic data for the study
areas in the Philippines, Lao, Mongolia and Indonesia, with findings being prepared for a peer-reviewed
journal publication.
33

5.5 Visitors
Date

Visitors & Affiliations

No. ofPurposeVisitors
March 5, 2020

JICA Myanmar and JICA

3

Tsukuba

To visit a class (self-study) for observationand have a small meeting with Myanmar
students and their supervisors.

July 5, 2021

JICA Development Studies

4

Program and others

To collect information on foreign students
studying in Japan for a JICA public-relations
website.

Visitors from JICA Myanmar and JICA Tsukuba (March 5, 2020)34

６．Academic field surveys in Japan and overseas countries
6.1 Study on a disaster caused by heavy rainfall in July 2020 in the Kuma River basin
ICHARM has been analyzing the mechanisms and phenomena of flood inundation, including
sediment runoff, which has more frequently occurred across Japan in recent years, and studying
effective information sharing methods during disasters.
As part of this effort, we investigated flood damage inthe Kuma River basin, including downtown Hitoyoshi
City, due to record-breaking heavy rainfall from July 4 to
7, 2020, in the Kyushu region. As shown in the photo,near the national treasure Aoi Aso Shrine located in
downtown Hitoyoshi City, we confirmed flood marks
approximately 2.5 m higher than those of the July 1982
flood.

Flood marks at the Aoi-Aso shrine

We will continue our efforts to characterize hazards from a geomorphological point of view, as wellas to evaluate them from an engineering point of view.
6.2 Field survey on disaster damage caused by Typhoon No. 19 in 2019
Typhoon No. 19, which landed on the Izu Peninsula on October 12, 2019, while remaining large andstrong, brought record-breaking rainfall over a wide area of Japan, causing considerable damage tomany areas due to flooding and sediment-related disasters. ICHARM conducted a field survey inNovember and December 2019. As shown in the figure, Marumori Town has its downtown area near
the confluence of the Uchikawa and Kizio Rivers, both tributaries flowing into the right bank of the
Abukuma River. The town suffered 10 deaths, 1 missing person, 952 houses totally or partiallydestroyed, 827 houses flooded above floor level, and 194 houses flooded below floor level. The
damage caused by sediment and flooding was most noticeable around the confluences where theShin-kawa River or the Gofukuya River merges with the Uchikawa River and in the flat areas along
the Uchikawa River, especially where the river topography changes drastically (e.g., decreases in the

Marumori Town after flood inundation with

Map of the Uchikawa River basin

sediment

35

gradient of the river). Where such sediment and flood inundation phenomena were pronounced,
driftwood accumulation and deposition were also clearly observed. The photo shows part of Marumori
Town after the sediment and flood inundation, where the Gofukuya River reaches the slope changing
point down to the flat part. Sediment and flood inundation was also observed in the 2017 northern
Kyushu torrential rain disaster and the 2018 western Japan heavy rainfall disaster, sharing many
aspects in common with the phenomena observed in the Marumori Town case.
6.3 Field observation in the Shirakawa River
The Shirakawa River flows through Kumamoto Prefecture, originating in the Aso Caldera, running
downstream through densely urbanized Kumamoto City, and finally emptying into the Ariake Sea.
While enjoying rich water resources from the groundwater of the Aso Caldera, downtown Kumamoto
City was devastated by a flood in 1953, when floodwaters containing large amounts of volcanic ash
soil flooded its entirety. With the possibility that climate change may cause flood inundation equal toor greater than the 1953 flood in the future, it is very important to study possible hazards. To this end,in addition to its world-leading groundwater conservation, the city has decided to improve itself into aflood-resilient city and started its effort by conducting flood response drills with the participation of
citizens and city officials.
To support this effort, ICHARM has been developing virtual reality (VR) tools, for example, adevice to create virtual flooding. A field survey of the Shirakawa River was conducted in December
2021 to gain the basic knowledge needed for this invention. We investigated the grain size distributionof sediment deposited in the river channel and found that sediment of a wide range of grain sizes, fromlarge boulders to fine sand, had deposited on the bed of the upper Shirakawa River in the Aso Caldera(left photo). We also found that the riverbed was covered with fine sand and silt in the lower reach,
including the Kumamoto City area, with no boulders (right photo). This remarkable longitudinalsediment sorting is a characteristic of the Shirakawa River, and it is assumed that heavy rainfall helps
supply a large amount of fine sediment to the river channel and that the fine sediment is transported
downstream by floodwaters. Based on the field survey results, we are planning to conduct floodinundation simulations with large amounts of sediment.

Sediment size survey in an upstream area

Sediment size survey in a downstream area

36

７．Public relations and other important activities
7.1 Awards
The following lists the awards received by researchers of ICHARM for their quality research,presentations and academic papers in the 2020-2021 period.
ICHARM has “ICHARM BEST PAPER AWARD” mainly to encourage young researchers at
ICHARM. Every year, the selection committee selects and examines papers of ICHARM researchers
published in international journals for creativity and relevancy in terms of water-related disaster risk
reduction, and finally decides the best paper for the prize.
7.1.1 Best Paper Award in the Asia and Pacific Regional Division of International Association for
Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR-APD)
Research Specialist Robin Kumar Biswas, Research and Training Advisor EGASHIRA Shinji
and Research Specialist HARADA Daisuke: Variability in Stage-Discharge Relationships inRiver Reach with Bed Evolutions, 22nd IAHRAPD Congress in Sapporo, Japan, September
15-16, 2020 (online).
7.1.2 2020 GEO Individual Excellence Award
KOIKE Toshio
7.1.3 Dr. Roman L. Kintanar Award 2020
ICHARM, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and the Infrastructure Development
Institute (IDI)
7.1.4 Research Encouragement Award 2020 by Japanese Geomorphological Union
NAGUMO Naoko: Geomorphological analysis on flood and sediment hazards in the
Omoto River resulting from Typhoon Lionrock in 2016
7.1.5 Young Best Presentation Award by Japan
Society of Erosion Control Engineering
HARADA Daisuke: 多量の土砂を含む洪水氾濫
流の特徴 -2019 年五福谷川洪水を例に7.1.6 International Lifetime Contribution Award by
JSCE
KOIKE Toshio

The fiscal year 2020 JSCE award ceremony(June 11, 2021)

7.2 ICHARM Open day
37On April 14, 2021, the 12th ICHARM Open Day was held online for the first time in its history,gathering 81 high school students and 28 secondary school students in Tsukuba City. The ICHRAMOpen Day is an annual event held every April during the Tsukuba Science and Technology Week. Up
to 2019, local school students visited ICHARM and enjoyed face-to-face interaction with international
students studying in the master’s or doctoral program at ICHARM. In 2020, when the COVID-19
pandemic broke out, the event was canceled. In 2021, although other open-house events hosted by
PWRI were canceled, ICHARM decided to hold the yearly event online. The Open Day began with akeynote lecture entitled “Climate Change and Floods.” Then, ten master’s or doctoral students fromseven different countries (Tonga, Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Mauritius and Ethiopia)
spoke about their countries from various aspects, including geography, history, culture, andwater-related disasters.
7.3 ICHARM R&D Seminars
ICHARM R&D Seminars are held on an irregular basis as an opportunity for researchers to keep up
with the latest knowledge and information by inviting domestic and international experts in the field ofhydrology

andwater-related disasters. In
the2020-2021

period,three seminars were held,
as shown in the tablebelow.

All

of

them

attracted many participants,
including

those

from

67th ICHARM R&D Seminar (November 30, 2021)

PWRI and NILIM.
No.

Date

Speaker

Affiliation

Title

65

December

Assoc. Prof.

the Institute of Industrial

Approach

1, 2020

NUMADA

Science, the University ofmanagement process and development

Muneyoshi

Tokyoof the BOSS (Business Operation
Supportfrom

System)thedisasterforthecomprehensive disaster management
66
67

March 29,

Prof.

2020

IZUMI

Faculty of Engineering,

Boundary instabilities observed in

Norihiro

Hokkaido University

riversNovemberDr. YOSHINO

EmeritusofPrivate Financing in infrastructure by

30, 2021

NaoyukiKeio University and theuse of spillover tax revenues and Its

executive director of theapplication to the estimates of disaster

Financialdamageprofessor

ResearchCenter38

7.4 ICHARM Webinars
ICHARM held online events, “ICHARM Webinars,” to widely share research activities at ICHARM
with those interested, particularly M.Sc. or Ph.D. students and young researchers of universities andresearch institutes in Japan. At the webinars, research projects of ICHARM were outlined in various
fields: meteorology, hydrology, sediment transport and channel changes, and disaster risk reduction.
The participants attended parallel sessions on different research themes of their interest and exchanged
views and ideas with ICHARM researchers. The webinars held in 2020-2021 are as follows:・ In 2020: December 9, 2020 (Participants: 14)

・ In 2021: December 13, 2021 (Participants: 24)
7.5 Research Meeting
The Research Meeting has been held roughly once a month since March 2008 for researchers to
upgrade their research skills, learn different perspectives, and practice interaction with otherresearchers. During the 2020-2021 period, the meeting was held 23 times.
7.6 Newsletters and website
The ICHARM Newsletter has been published four times a year
since March 2006 to publicize its activities of research, educationand training, and local practice projects, as well as a list of
published papers. During the 2020-2021 period, the newsletter
was published eight times from No. 56 of April 2020 to No. 63 ofJanuary 2022. The number of subscribers has reached as many as
5,000. Since No. 56 of April 2020, “Editor’s Note” by theeditorial committee members has been added, and since No. 60
of April 2021, online survey has been conducted to further

ICHARM Newsletter No. 62

improve the contents. More efforts have been made to diversify news topics by collecting
disaster-related contributions from people outside ICHARM. For example, the January 2021 issue
carried an article addressing Japan Railway’s response to the damage caused by Typhoon Hagibis in
2019.
On ICHARM’s website, “What’s New” shows progress in research and projects in addition to thelatest information and notifications about upcoming events. A new section has been created to receive
comments and opinions from viewers around the world, and efforts have been made to respond toinquiries quickly and adequately.

39

ANNEX 1
Number of Alumni of ICHARM training program (As of March 2022, with possibility）
Ph.D. Program "Disaster Management"

1
1
1

1

1
1
1

1
1
1

1
0

7

1

1

1
0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

2

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1
3

1

0

0

2

0

1
1

0

0

1
2

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

(Number of students
conferred degree)

1
1
1
2

Total

Liberia

Zimbabwe

VietnamVenezuela

Tunisia

Tonga

Timor-Leste

Thailand

Tanzania

Tajikistan

Sri Lanka

SerbiaRepublic of Albania

Philippines

Papua New Guinea

Pakistan

1

Nigeria

Netherland

1

Niger

Nepal

Myanmar

Mozambique

Mauritius

Maldives

MalawiMalaysia

Laos

Kenya

Japan

Indonesia

India

GuatemalaFijiDjibouti

Ethiopia

El Salvador

Colombia

China

CambodiaBrazilBurkina Faso

Year
2010-20132011-20142012-20152013-20162014-20172015-20182016-20192017-20202018-2021
2019-2022
2020-2023
2021-2024
Total

Bosnia-Herzegovina

BhutanBangladesh

Afghanistan

Country

1
3
2
3
2
2
2
1
3
2
3
24

1
1
2
3
0
2
2
1
3
15

11
9
13
12
19
12
12
13
13
11
14
8
11
7
13
178

10
7
12
12
19
12
12
13
13
8
14
7
11

Master's. Program "Water-related Disaster Management Course of Disaster Management Policy Program"
2007-2008
2008-20092009-20102010-20112011-20122012-20132013-20142014-2015
2015-20162016-20172017-20182018-20192019-2020
2020-2021
2021-2022
Total

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
0 25

3
2
1
2
2

1
1
1
1

3
1
3
1
2

1
1

1
1

1

1
1

1
1

2
1

1
1
1
1
2
2
1
5

1

2

1

1
1

1
3
1
1

1

1
2
1

2

0

5

0

0 11 3

1

2

0

3

1

5

1
8

4

4

0

1
2
5

1
1
2

1

1
1
1
1
1

1
1

3
2
1

1
6

1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1

1
2
1
2

1

2

1

1
1
1
1

1
1
2
2
2

1

1
1
1

1
1

2
1

1
2
1

1

1
1

1
1 11 15 0

1

1

1

2
1

2

0

2
1 18 1 11 1

3
1 16 0

1

3

2

1

1

2

4

1

1

JICA training program "Flood Hazard Mapping"
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Total

2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
1 2
9 10

2
2
2
3

3 2
2 2
2 2
2 3
2 2
11 11

9

2
3
2
2
1
10

2
1
2
3
1
9

1
1

1
2
2
2
1
8

16
16
16
20
10
78

JICA training program "Local Emergency Operation Plan with Flood Hazard Map"
2009
2010
2011
Total

1
1
1
3

1
2
2
5

2
2
2
6

1
1
2
4

1
1
1
3

1
1
1
3

1
1

1
1
1
3

1
1
1
3

1
1

10
12
11
33

2

JICA training program "Capacity Development for Flood Risk Management with IFAS"
2012(A)
2012(B)
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Total

3
3
3

9

3

3
1
2
6

2
1
1
4

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

1
1
2

0

2

3
3
2
4
2
0 17 0

0

0

0

0

4
2
2
8

2

2
3
2
2
0

0

11 0

3
3
4
4
2
0 18 0

JICA training program "Capacity Development for Adaptation to Climate Change"
1

2010

3

UN/ISDR Training course "Comprehensive Tsunami Disaster Prevention"
2

2008

4

0 10 00

0 12 0

0

1

11

6
5
4
4
19

3
Tunisia

Venezuela

Zimbabwe

Liberia

Total

1

1

3 26 11457

VietnamTonga

1 25 2Thailand

Timor-Leste

1 31 3

Tanzania

Tajikistan

Sri Lanka

1 12 38 1 41 1

SerbiaRepublic of Albania

Philippines

PakistanPapua New Guinea

Nigeria

Niger

Nepal

Mauritius

Mozambique40

Netherland

Maldives

1 22 19 1

Myanmar

Malawei

1

Malaysia3

Laos

9 30 6 21 15 16 2

Kenya

3

Japan

3

Indonesia

1

India

4

Fiji

Djibouti

1

GuatemalaEthiopia

9 21 3China

Colombia

Cambodia2

El Salvador

Brazil

5

13
7
16
20
20
18
10
104

7

1

Burkina Faso

4 45 16 4

BhutanBosnia-Herzegovina

Bangladesh

Total

0

6
5
2
2
15

2

Afghanistan

Year

2
3
2

3

UNESCO West Africa ProjectCountry

7
3
2

1

2

2
2
4

2019

0

2
2
2
6

1

UNESCO Pakistan Project workshop
2012
2013
2016
2017
Total

3

7
157

ANNEX 2
List of the Master Theses in 2019-20 ＆2020-21
Year

Title

Country

2019- Bangradesh
2020

A Numerical Study on Bank Erosion of a Braided Channel: Case Study of the "Tangail
and Manikganj Districts along the Brahmaputra River"Bangradesh

Study on Flow Pattern and Associated Bed Deformation in the Off-Take Region of
Gorai River, Bangladesh

BhutanComprehensive Evaluation of Flood Mitigation Measures Based on Climate Change
Impact Assessmet in the Wangchu Basin

BhutanAssessment of Water Resources Under Changing Climate for Effective Hydropowerand Agriculture Productions in Puna Tsangchhu Basin, Bhutan

BrazilFlood Impact Assessment in the Itapocu River Basin, Brazil

BrazilHazardous Area Resulting From Tailings Dam Failure

MyanmarDeveloping An Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for Chindwin RIiver
Basin Under Changing Climate

MyanmarAnalyzing River Morphological Changes and Formulating No Regret Structural
Measures in Chindwin River

Nepal

Numerical Study for Influences of Flow Diversion on Channel Morphology Case Studyof Bagmati River, Central Nepal

Nepal

Morphological Study of Koshi River at Chatara And Its Influence on Intake of Sunsari
Morang Irrigation Project, Nepal

Pakistan

Climate Change Impact Assessment on the Flood Risk Change in Kech River, Turbat
Balochistan, Pakistan

2020- Bangladesh
2021
BhutanA Study on the Morphological Characteristics of Dawki-Piyan River System in
Bangladesh
Assessment of Integrated Water Resources Management under Climate Change in
Wangchu Basin, Bhutan

BhutanImpact Assessment on Extreme Floods due to Climate and Social Changes in the
Amochu Basin, Bhutan

Malaysia

Flood Damage Inspection Method for Public Building in Malaysia

Mauritius

A Study on an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan Under Climate Change
for Grand River North West River Basin, Mauritius

Myanmar

Method for Predicting the Sediment Runoff Process due to Heavy Rainfall in the
Yazagyo Reservoir Basin, Myanmar

Tonga

Impact of Climate Change, Sea-Level Rise in Tongatapu, Ha'apai and Its Effect on
Liverlihood

41

ANNEX 3
List of Ph. D. Theses accepted in FY2020＆2021
Year

Country

Title

2017 -2020

Bangladesh

Numerical Study On Tidal Currents And Bed Morphology In SittaungRiver Estuary, Myanmar

2018-2021

Sri Lanka

A Study On Climate Change Adaptation And Resilience Strategies For
Optimizing Benefits Of The Mahaweli River Basin In Sri Lanka

2018-2021

Vietnam

Integrated Operation Of Reservoirs For Maximizing Hydropower And
Reducing Flood Risk

2018-2021

Japan

流域治水の推進に必要な合意形成のための減災対策による被害軽減効
果の評価手法の研究

ANNEX 4
List of Research Theme of Internship
Year
FY
2020

Country
China

Affiliation
Sichuan
University

Title
Development of a Global System for Flood Risk Early Warning

Cambodia Kyoto University Study on flood forecasting using Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation ModeI

FY
Japan
2021

Private company

Study on the development of integrated water resources management plan for
Kerala Rivers, India

42

ANNEX 5
ICHARM Publication List (April 2020 ~ March 2022)
A. Peer Reviewed Papers
原田大輔、江頭進治、柿沼太貴、南雲直子、伊藤弘之、2019年台風19号による阿武隈川
水系五福谷川における多量の土砂を含む洪水流の特徴、河川技術論文集、No.26、pp.609-614、河川技術シンポジウム（大会開催はキャンセル）、2020年6月



柿沼太貴，中村要介，伊藤弘之，池内幸司，複数洪水イベントの組み合わせによる洪水予測に適したRRIモデルパラメータの最適化手法に関する検討，河川技術論文集、No.26、
pp.199-204、河川技術シンポジウム（大会開催はキャンセル）、2020年6月



Rie Seto, Kentaro Aida, Toshio Koike and Shinjiro Kanae, Radiative Characteristics at 89 and 36
GHz for Satellite-Based Cloud Water Estimation Over Land, IEEE Transactions on Geoscienceand Remote Sensing, Vol.59, Issue2, pp.1355-1368, February 2021



南雲直子、江頭進治、地形解析に基づく中山間地河川の土砂輸送過程に関する研究、地理学評論、Vol.94、pp.64-81、2021年3月

Hemakanth Selvarajah, Toshio Koike, Mohamed Rasmy, Katsunori Tamakawa and Akio
Yamamoto, Development of an Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Climate Change
Impacts on the Hydro-Meteorological Characteristics of the Mahaweli River Basin, Sri Lanka,
Water MDPI Open Access Journals, Vol.13, Issue9, 1218



Naofumi Akata, Hideki Kakiuchi, Masahiro Tanaka, Yoshio Ishikawa, Naoyuki Kurita, Masahide
Furukawa, Miklos Hegedus, Tibor Kovacs, Maksym Gusyev, Tetsuya Sanada (2021). Isotope andchemical composition of monthly precipitation collected at Sapporo, northern part of Japan
during 2015-2019. Fusion Engineering and Design 168: 112434



Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Yohei Sawada, Katsuhiro Onuma, Drought Monitoring over West Africa Basedon an Ecohydrological Simulation (2003-2018), Hydrology, Vol.8, No.155, pp.1-16, October2021



江頭進治、竹林洋史、萬矢敦啓、原田大輔、土石流・掃流砂・浮遊砂・泥流の統一解析
法、土木学会論文集B1（水工学）、Vol.76、No.2、pp. I_1123-I_1128、2020年11月

牛山朋來、中村要介、伊藤弘之、令和元年台風第19号に伴う千曲川洪水のアンサンブル
洪水予測シミュレーション、土木学会論文集B1（水工学）、Vol.76、No.2、pp. I_235-I_240、2020年11月

中村要介、江頭進治、池内幸司、柿沼太貴、RRIモデルと河床変動予測モデルを組み込んだ粒子フィルタによる河川水位予測、土木学会論文集B1（水工学）、Vol.76、No.2、pp.
I_859-I_864、2020年11月



原田大輔、江頭進治、連行速度を用いた浮遊砂の解析法、土木学会論文集B1（水工学）、
Vol.76、No.2、pp. I_1111-I_1116、2020年11月



大原美保、栗林大輔、藤兼雅和、地方自治体職員が直面する水害対応ヒヤリ・ハット事43

例の分析、土木学会論文集F6（安全問題）、Vol.76、No.2、pp.I_81-I_88、2021年2月


柿沼太貴、沼田慎吾、望月貴文、大沼克弘、伊藤弘之、安川雅紀、根本利弘、小池俊雄、
池内幸司、中小河川を対象とした洪水時におけるリアルタイム水位予測システムの開発に向けた研究、河川技術論文集、Vol. 27、pp.105-110、2021年6月



小池俊雄、中村 茂、Cho Thanda Nyunt、発電ダムの洪水調節と発電操作支援システム、土木学会論文集B1（水工学）、Vol.77、No.2、pp. I_79-I_84、2021年10月



玉川勝徳、MOHAMED Rasmy、NASEER Asif、犀川流域におけるダム流入量のアンサン
ブル予測手法の検討、土木学会論文集B1（水工学）、Vol.77、No.2、pp. I_61-I_66、2021
年10月

Islam Md Masbahul, Atsuhiro Yorozuya, Daisuke Harada and Shinji Egashira, A Numerical
Study on Bank Erosion of a Braided Channel: Case Study of the “Tangail and Manikganj
Districts Along the Brahmaputra River”, Journal of Disaster Research (JDR), pp.263-269, Vol.17,
No.2, February, 2022

Miyamoto, M.; Kakinuma, D.; Ushiyama, T.; Rasmy, A.W.M.; Yasukawa, M.; Bacaltos, D.G.;
Sales, A.C.; Koike, T.; Kitsuregawa, M. Co-Design for Enhancing Flood Resilience in Davao
City, Philippines. Water 2022, 14, 978. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14060978

B: Non-peer Reviewed Paper


HARADA Daisuke, EGASHIRA Shinji and ITO Hiroyuki, Characteristics of active sedimenttransport processes in extreme flood hazards, Proceedings of River Flow 2020, pp.1908-1916,
July 2020



傳田正利、諸岡良優、藤兼雅和、気象庁55年長期再解析・降雨流出氾濫モデル及び地理情報システムを用いた過去の洪水状況の再現と水災害史研究への活用可能性に関する研
究、土木史研究講演集、pp.9-15、土木史研究講演会、2020年7月

Robin K. Biswas, EGASHIRA Shinji, HARADA Daisuke and ITO Hiroyuki, Evaluation ofgeomorphological characteristics in a quasi-equilibrium river channel, Proceedings of River Flow
2020, Proceedings of River Flow 2020, pp.439-447, July 2020



HARADA Daisuke and EGASHIRA Shinji, Erosion rate of bed sediment in terms of entrainment
concept, 22nd IAHR-APD CONGRESS 2020 IN SAPPORO, 1-2-3, September 2020



Robin K. Biswas, S. Egashira, and D. Harada; Variability in Stage-Discharge Relationships inRiver Reach with Bed Evolutions, 22nd IAHR-APD CONGRESS 2020 IN SAPPORO, 1-3-2,September 2020

Tanjir Saif Ahmed, Shinji Egashira, Daisuke Harada; TIDAL CURRENTS AND SAND BAREVOLUTION IN SITTAUNG RIVER ESTUARY, MYANMAR, 22nd IAHR-APD CONGRESS
2020 IN SAPPORO, 1-2-5, September 2020

C: Oral Presentation


HARADA Daisuke, EGASHIRA Shinji and ITO Hiroyuki, Characteristics of active sediment44

transport processes in extreme flood hazards, Proceedings of River Flow 2020, River Flow 2020
(Online), July 6-10, 2020


傳田正利、諸岡良優、藤兼雅和、国土数値情報等と氾濫シミュレーションを用いた仮想
洪水体験システムの開発、安全工学シンポジウム2020講演予稿集、pp.96～97、安全工学
シンポジウム2020、2020年7月1日～2日

Robin K. Biswas, EGASHIRA Shinji, HARADA Daisuke and ITO Hiroyuki, Evaluation ofgeomorphological characteristics in a quasi-equilibrium river channel, Proceedings of River Flow
2020, Proceedings of River Flow 2020, River Flow 2020 (Online), July 6-10, 2020



傳田正利、諸岡良優、藤兼雅和、気象庁55年長期再解析・降雨流出氾濫モデル及び地理情報システムを用いた過去の洪水状況の再現と水災害史研究への活用可能性に関する研
究、土木史研究講演集、pp.9～15、土木史研究講演会、2020年7月11日～12日



KOIKE Toshio, Strengthening governance and investment for water-related disaster resilience
under climate change in Asia, JｐGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020 (Online), July 12-16, 2020



KOIKE Toshio, Satellite-based Data Assimilation Systems by Using Microwave Radiometers, J
ｐGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020 (Online), July 12-16, 2020

Gusyev M., AKATA N., YAMANAKA T., HIRABAYASHI K. and Morgenstern U., Comparing
tritium concentrations and water transit times in the Chikuma and Fujikawa River basins, Japan,
JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020 (Online), July 12-16, 2020



HARADA Daisuke and EGASHIRA Shinji, Erosion rate of bed sediment in terms of entrainment
concept, 22nd IAHR-APD CONGRESS 2020 IN SAPPORO, IAHR=APD (Online), September
14-15, 2020



Robin K. Biswas, S. Egashira, and D. Harada; Variability in Stage-Discharge Relationships inRiver Reach with Bed Evolutions, 22nd IAHRAPD Congress in Sapporo, Japan, September
15-16, 2020 (Online)

Tanjir Saif Ahmed, Shinji Egashira, Daisuke Harada; TIDAL CURRENTS AND SAND BAREVOLUTION IN SITTAUNG RIVER ESTUARY, MYANMAR, 22nd IAHRAPD Congress in
Sapporo, Japan, 1-2-5, September 15-16, 2020 (Online)

江頭進治、竹林洋史、萬矢敦啓、原田大輔、掃流砂・土石流・浮遊砂・泥流の統一解析
法、第65回水工学講演会（Online）、土木学会水工学委員会、2020年11月4日～6日



牛山朋來、中村要介、伊藤弘之、令和元年台風第19号に伴う千曲川洪水のアンサンブル
洪水予測シミュレーション、第65回水工学講演会（Online）、土木学会水工学委員会、2020
年11月4日～6日



中村要介、江頭進治、池内幸司、柿沼太貴、RRIモデルと河床変動予測モデルを組み込んだ粒子フィルタによる河川水位予測、第65回水工学講演会（Online）、 土木学会水工学委員会、2020年11月4日～6日



原田大輔、江頭進治、連行速度を用いた浮遊砂の解析法、第65回水工学講演会（Online）、
土木学会水工学委員会、2020年11月4日～6日



大原美保、栗林大輔、藤兼雅和、水害対応ヒヤリ・ハット事例集（地方自治体編および45

新型コロナウイルス感染症への対応編）の作成、日本災害情報学会第22回学会大会予稿
集、日本災害情報学会第22回学会大会（Online）、日本災害情報学会、2020年11月28日～
29日


大原美保、栗林大輔、藤兼雅和、地方自治体職員が直面する水害対応ヒヤリ・ハット事
例の分析、土木学会論文集F6（安全問題）、土木学会安全問題討論会’20、土木学会安
全問題研究委員会（Online）、Vol.76、No.2、pp.I_81-I_88、2021年2月、2020年11月27日



大原美保、藤兼雅和、令和2年7月豪雨災害の被災地におけるコロナ禍での水害対応ヒヤ
リ・ハット事例、
第39回日本自然災害学会学術講演会、pp.81-82、日本自然災害学会（Online）、
2021年3月19日～20日

Egashira S., Robin K. Biswas, Tanjir Saif Ahmed, Shahinur Shawn and Harada D., Fine sedimenttransport and river morphology, 8th International Conference on Water and Flood Management(ICWFM) 2021, Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM), Bangladesh University ofEngineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh (Online), March 29-31, 2021



原田大輔、江頭進治、多量の土砂を含む洪水氾濫流の特徴 -2019年五福谷川洪水を例に、
令和3年度（公社）砂防学会研究発表会概要集、令和3年度（公社）砂防学会研究発表会（Online）、（公社）砂防学会、2021年5月、pp.27-28、2021年5月19日～21日



柿沼太貴、沼田慎吾、望月貴文、大沼克弘、伊藤弘之、安川雅紀、根本利弘、小池俊雄、
池内幸司、中小河川を対象とした洪水時におけるリアルタイム水位予測システムの開発に向けた研究、河川技術論文集、2021年度河川技術に関するシンポジウム（Online）、土木学会、pp.105-110、第27号、2021年6月10日～11日



大原美保、藤兼雅和、地方自治体の建設関連部局での水害対応ヒヤリ・ハット事例の分
析、地域安全学会春季研究発表大会梗概集、No.48、pp.189-192、地域安全学会（Online）、
2021年5月21日

Daiki Kakinuma, Mamoru Miyamoto, Yosuke Nakamura, Anurak Sriariyawat, Supattra Visessri,
Development of industrial park scale flood inundation analysis model for establishing andevaluating BCP/BCM, Asia Oceania Geosciences Society 18th Annual Meeting (AOGS2021)(Online), August 1-6, 2021

Nagumo N., Egashira S., Kubo S. and Ben B., Characteristics of river morphology and bed
materials in a tributary river influenced by Lake Tonle Sap, 34th International GeographicalCongress, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey (Online), August 16-20, 2021



小池俊雄、治水ルネッサンス －持続可能でレジリエントな社会を目指して－、SDGs
AICH EXPO 2021「コロナ禍における水災害対策に関する国際シンポジウム」、国際連合
地域開発センター、愛知県国際展示場（Aichi Sky Expo）、2021年10月22日

Toshio Koike, Roles of science and technology in enhancing disaster resilience and sustainability
under climate change by all, 31st NATIONAL CONGRESS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING-MEXICO "Infrastructure for a sustainable future", 31st NATIONAL CONGRESS OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING -MEXICO (Online), メキシコ土木工科大学, November 24, 2021



小池俊雄、「変化を乗り越え、誇りある流域づくり」、吉田川流域治水シンポジウム、46大崎市、鎌田記念ホール、2021年11月28日


小池俊雄、気候変動の将来予測情報の行政施策（治水計画）への実装、令和3年度第3回
気候変動適応セミナー（Online）、国立研究開発法人国立環境研究所、2021年12月1日

Shrestha B.B., Kawasaki A., and Inoue T., Impact of Rainfall Variability on Rice Yield in Burmaduring Historical Colonial Period, Annual Conference on Asian Network for GIS-based
Historical Studies 2021 (ANGIS Tokyo 2021) (Online), Asian Network for GIS-based Historical
Studies (ANGIS), December 4-5, 2021



小池俊雄、中村 茂、Cho Thanda Nyunt、発電ダムの洪水調節と発電操作支援システム、
第66回水工学講演会・水工学論文集、第66回水工学講演会（Online）、土木学会、2021
年12月8日

玉川勝徳、MOHAMED Rasmy、NASEER Asif、犀川流域におけるダム流入量のアンサン
ブル予測手法の検討、土木学会論文集B1(水工学)、第66回水工学講演会（Online）、土木学会、Vol.77、No.2、I_61-I_66、2021年12月8日～10日



小池俊雄、治水ルネッサンス

気候変動下で持続的でレジリエントな流域づくりを目指して、阿賀川直轄改修100周年記念「気候変動のもとこれからの治水対策について考える」
シンポジウム、国土交通省北陸地方整備局

阿賀川河川事務所長、会津若松市生涯学習

総合センター、2021年12月12日


小池俊雄、将来における風水害の発生の可能性について、第10回建設フォーラム 「災害激化とその対策、そしてSDGｓへ」未来を担う建設業、一社）神奈川県建設業協会、神奈川県立青少年センター、2022年1月13日



小池俊雄、気候の変化と水災害の激甚化への対応、エコひろば市民講座、あったかホー
ル、2022年1月19日



小池俊雄、治水ルネッサンス－新しい河川像を目指して－、信州大学工学部 連続講演

会「防災と水環境」、信州大学工学部水環境・土木工学科、2022年1月21日


小池俊雄、特別講義 治水ルネッサンス、河川講習会（オンライン）、公社)日本河川協会、オンデマンド

小池俊雄、治水ルネッサンス度



―流域治水による防災・減災と質の高い成長―、令和3年

防災セミナー（オンライン）、公社)全国防災協会、オンデマンド

KOIKE Toshio, Climate Change and Flood Disasters, “THINKING ABOUT CLIMATECHANGE AND DISASTERS” (Online), GRIPS, February 7, 2022



KOIKE Toshio, Learning from Japan Experience on Water Sector Adaptation, “THINKINGABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTERS” (Online), マレーシア環境・水省, February
8, 2022

小池俊雄、Keynote speech “Climate Change and its Impact on Water Problem”、気候変動と水問題をテーマとしたオンライン講演会（オンライン）、在ヨルダン日本大使館及びバルカ応用大学、2022年2月28日



会田健太郎、柿沼太貴、大沼克弘、伊藤弘之、小池俊雄、ダム決壊事例に基づく衛星情報を活用した水文情報不足地域における流出氾濫解析手法の提案、土木学会論文集B1（水47工学）、水工学講演会（オンライン）、土木学会、Vol.77、No.2、pp.I_73-I_78、2021年
12月8日～10日
Mohamed Rasmy, Maximize the value of GPM and GSMaP data for integrated water resources &disaster managements in the developing regions, The Joint PI Meeting of JAXA Earth
Observation Missions FY2021 (Online), January 12-14, 2022



KOIKE Toshio, Transformative Steps, “Digital Transformation (DX) for Resilience Regional
Webinars Series Second Webinar “DX Advanced Technologies and Innovations””(Online), 国連開発計画(UNDP), February 23, 2022

D: Poster Presentation


NAGUMO Naoko, HARADA Daisuke, Tanjir Saif Ahmed and EGASHIRA Shinji, Bank erosion
owing to tidal currents and its impact on village distribution in the Sittaung River estuary,
Myanmar, JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020 (Online), July 12-16, 2020

南雲直子、会田健太郎、大原美保、2020年台風Ulyssesによるフィリピンの洪水被害マッ
ピング、日本地球惑星科学連合大会（Online）、日本地球惑星科学連合、2021年5月30日
～6月6日



南雲直子、江頭進治、久保純子、セン川下流域の川幅と河床材料の粒度分布特性について、日本地球惑星科学連合大会（Online）、日本地球惑星科学連合、2021年5月30日～6
月6日



会田健太郎、南雲直子、大原美保、国際共同研究プロジェクトでの広域台風災害に関する情報提供・共有における Google Earth Engine 活用事例、日本地球惑星科学連合大会（Online）、日本地球惑星科学連合、2021年5月30日～6月6日

Harada D. and Egashira S., Erosion rate formula of very fine sediment bed based on turbulent
entrainment, International conference on cohesive sediments (InterCOH 2021), Delft Universityof Technology, Deltares and IHE Delft, Delft, the Netherlands (Online), July 13-17, 2021



柿沼太貴、沼田慎吾、望月貴文、大沼克弘、伊藤弘之、近者敦彦、中村要介、崔国慶、
国内における高精度地形・土地利用・降雨データを新たに追加したRRIGUIの整備、日本
水文科学会2021年度研究発表会（Online）、水文・水資源学会、2021年9月15日～18日

Menglu Qin, Daisuke Harada, Shinji Egashira, A new approach to evaluate the basin-scale
sediment discharge, AGU Fall Meeting 2021 (Online), American Geophysical Union, New
Orleans, LA, December 13-17, 202Ralph Allen Acierto, Tomoki Ushiyama, Comparison of PMP Estimates under climate change in
Solo River: Towards creating an ensemble of worst-case precipitation scenarios, The Fifth
Convection-Permitting Modeling Workshop 2021 (CPM2021) (Online), Tougou, September 7-14,
2021

E: PWRI Publication(NONE)
48

F: Magazine, Article
小池俊雄、社会基盤は文明を拓く転換装置、河川 巻頭言、pp.4-9、2020年9月号



小池俊雄、気候システムの温暖化については疑う余地がない、建設マネジメント技術巻
頭言、2021年2月号、p.1

大原美保、玉川勝徳、藤兼雅和、新型コロナウイルス感染症の拡大が懸念される中での水害対応、土木技術資料、pp.14-17、2021年1月号



小池俊雄、
水災害レジリエンスと持続可能な開発、水環境学会誌、
Vol.44、No.4、pp.106-109、2021年4月



池田鉄哉、水と災害に関する世界的な目標とその達成に向けたICHARMの貢献、土木技
術資料、pp.6-7、2021年5月号



小池俊雄、流域治水 その実行の時、河川、pp.2-4、2021年7月号



小池俊雄、追悼文恩師、高橋裕先生のご功績を偲んで、土木施工、Vol.62、NO.10、pp.31、2021年10月号



小池俊雄、巻頭言 気候変動下、排水ポンプの革新的発展に期待する、ぽんぷ、No. 66、
pp.2-3、2021年10月



小池俊雄、雪国は明るい、水の文化、No.69、pp.35、2021年11月



伊藤弘之、藤兼雅和、大沼克弘、流域治水の推進のための技術開発、土木技術資料、pp.12-15、2022年1月号



小池俊雄､巻頭言 流域治水の具現化 治水のあるべき姿を求めて､土木施工､2022年2月号

Islam M. Khairul, M.Rasmy, M. Ohara and K. Takeuchi, Developing Flood Vulnerability
Functions through Questionnaire Survey for Flood Risk Assessments in the Meghna Basin,
Bangladesh, Water, Vol.14(3), No.369, January, 2022

Islam Md Masbahul, Atsuhiro Yorozuya, Daisuke Harada, Shinji Egashira, A Numerical Studyon Bank Erosion of a Braided Channel: Case Study of the “Tangail and Manikganj Districts
Along the Brahmaputra River”, Journal of Disaster Research (JDR), Vol.17, No.2, pp.263-269,
February, 2022



Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Yohei Sawada, Katsuhiro Onuma, Hiroyuki Ito, Toshio Koike, Drought
Monitoring over West Africa Based on an Ecohydrological Simulation (2003–2018), Hydrology,
pp.1-16, Vol.8, No.155, October, 2021



小池俊雄、1章防災の哲学

科学・技術と防災、自然災害科学・防災の百科事典 (分筆)、

丸善出版、pp.34-37、2022年1月


小池俊雄、15章防災の将来・ガバナンス・防災投資

レジリエンスとSDGs の関係、自然災害科学・防災の百科事典 (分筆）、丸善出版、pp.682-683、2022年1月

G: Others

牛山朋來、小池俊雄、利根川流域を対象とした気象庁１か月アンサンブル予報のダウン
スケーリング、日本気象学会2020年度春季大会講演予稿集、p.177、日本気象学会（大会開催はキャンセル）
49