KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA
Nation Religion King

Ministry of Land Management,Urban Planning and Construction

3The Tenth Session of the World Urban Forum (WUF10)

NATIONAL SPATIAL PLAN
By

H.E. DR. PEN SOPHAL, Secretary of State
Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction
10th February, 2020

Content
I. Government Initiatives
II. Law on Land Management and Urban Planning (draft)

III. National Spatial Plan (draft)
VI. Conclusion

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I. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

3

I. Government initiatives
1. The Rectangular Strategy Phase IV•The Royal Government of Cambodia has successfully implemented Rectangular Strategies forGrowth, Employment, Equity and Efficiency for the last three phases, phase I (2003-2008), phaseII(2008-2013), and phase III(2013-2018).

•The Political Platform of the Royal Government of the Sixth Legislature of the National Assembly
have set out the Rectangular Strategy-Phase4, as an effective policy instrument of the RGC, which
will take stock of the last 20 years effort to transform, rehabilitate and develop Cambodia into a fully
peaceful country after the end of civil war•

The Rectangular Strategy-Phase4 focuses on 4 Priority Areas (rectangles), in which thestrengthening Urban Planning and Management have been clearly emphasized in the fourth area as
indicated in the diagram below:

1• Rectangle 1- Human resource development• Rectangle 2- Economic diversification• Rectangle 3- Promotion of private sector
development and employment• Rectangle 4- Inclusive and sustainable
development:2344

I. Government initiatives (cont)1. The Rectangular Strategy Phase IV• Rectangle 1- Human Resource Development• Rectangle 2- Economic Diversification• Rectangle 3- Promotion of private sector
development and employment• Rectangle 4- Inclusive and sustainable
development:1). Promotion of agriculture and ruraldevelopment;
2). Strengthening sustainable
management of natural and cultureresources;
3). Strengthening management ofurbanization; and4). Ensuring environmental sustainability
and readiness for climate change.
5

I. Government initiatives (cont)1. The Rectangular Strategy Phase IV
The “Rectangular Strategy-Phase IV” and “Political Platform of the Royal Governmentof the Sixth Legislature of the National Assembly”, combined, will act as acomprehensive policy framework for formulating the “National StrategicDevelopment Plan, 2019-2023” with clearly defined indicators and timeframe for
implementation that must be consistent with the RGC’s sectoral policies.

• National Strategic Development Plan (2019-2023)
At national level, the RGC endorses the 5-year National Strategic Development Plan(NSDP); a strategic planning document that serves as a comprehensive road map in
supporting the Rectangular Strategy for developing the country6

I. Government initiatives (cont)2. Sectoral Policies and legal frameworks
The strategic goal of the Royal Government is to promote urban development with goodand clean living environment along with enhanced well-being of the people and thesocio-economic efficiency. As a result, the Royal Government has adopted and put into
implementation of the policies and legal frameworks such as:• The White Paper on Land Policy (2015)
Cambodia aspires to reach the status of an upper middle income country by 2030
and high income by 2050. This policy sets out measures for managing,administering and distributing lands with equitable, transparent, effective andsustainable manner.
• The National Policy on Housing (2014)
The Government has also recently adopted National Housing Policy which isintended “to enable people throughout the country to have access to adequate
housing to reside with welfare, peace and dignity, especially low and medium
income households and vulnerable groups“. This too is also responsive to theproposed SDG goals (#11) and targets.
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I. Government initiatives (cont)2. Sectoral Policies and legal frameworks• The National Policy on Spatial Planning (2011)
This sets out the Governments, visions, goals, objectives and strategies for spatialplanning country-wide in order to ensure the sustainability, equity, equilibrium,
and the integration within the country, the region,and international arenas whichare mainly aligned with many of the proposed goals and targets of the SDGs.
• The National Urban Development Policy (NUDP) - (DRAFT)
NUDP, which will provide direction and guidance for the sustainable developmentof the urban and rural sectors as a driver of social and economic growth.

8

I. Government initiatives (cont)3. Relevant legal frameworks
Law on Land Management Urban planning and Construction ,1994• Land Law, 2001
• Law on Road, 2014
• Royal Decree on Establishment of National Committee for Land Management andUrban Planning• Royal Decree on Establishment of National Committee for Cambodia Coastal
Development and Management• Sub-Decree on Establishment of Committee for Land Management and Urban
Planning at Municipal, Provincial, City, District and Khan level• Sub Decree on Organization and Functioning of Secretariat General of National
Committee for Land Management and Urban Planning• Sub-Decree on Establishment of Secretariat General of National Committee forCambodia Coastal Development and Management• Sub-decree No.42 of Urbanization of capital, cities and urban area,• Circular on Cambodia Coastal Development and Management, 2012
• Prakas on Land Development, 2018
•9

I. Government initiatives (cont)To further support on land management and urban planning, someefforts have been made under the cooperation with the Ministry ofLand, Infrastructure, Transportation, and Tourism of the Japanese
Government:
1. Law on Construction(promulgated by Royal Kram No NS/RKM/1119/019 dated 02 November 2019)

2. Law on Land Management and Urban Planning(under development-drafting)

3. National Spatial Planning (under development)(under development-drafting)10II. DRAFT ON
LAW ON LAND MANAGEMENT AND
URBAN PLANNING

11

II. Law on Land Management and Urban Planning

References for making Law on Land Management and Urban
Planning:
1. Existing laws and legal documents of Cambodia as mentioned
in the previous slides
2. Relevant laws and legal documents from other countries

12II. Law on Land Management and Urban Planning (cont)2. Relevant laws and legal documents related to land management andurban planning from other countries as below:
1.

National Land Use Plan (National Plan), 2015 - Japan

2.

City Planning Act-2009, Japan

3.

National Spatial Strategy (National Plan), 2009 - Japan

4.

Mechanism of Property Right Conversion in Japanese Urban Renewal Law System,2009 - Japan

5.

The Outline of Land Readjustment Law, 2009 - Japan

6.

The Fourth Comprehensive National Territorial Plan in Korea (2000-2020), 2001Republic of Korea

7.

Enforcement Decree of the National Land Planning and Utilization Act, 2017 Republicof Korea

8.

The Act on Urban Development, 2017 - Republic of Korea

9.

The Act on Housing Site Development Promotion, 2017 - Republic of Korea

13

II. Law on Land Management and Urban Planning (cont)10. Town planning act, 2518 - Thailand
11. Land Use Planning-concepts, tools, and application, 2011- GIZ

12. International Zoning Code, 2019 - International Code Council (ICC)
13. International Green Construction Code, 2010 - International Code Council (ICC)14. Regional Study on Rural, Urban and Sub-regional Linkages in the Greater Mekong
Sub-Region (Vietnam, Lao PDR, Cambodia),2005 - ADB

15. Land Use Ordinance, Department of Land Utilization, 1995 - City and Country ofHonolulu
16. Fundamental of Town Planning, 1993 - G.KHIRASKAR
17. Loi Littoral & Loi Montage, Guide de Jurisprudence Commentee, 2005 - France

14II. Law on Land Management and Urban Planning (cont)As a draft, it contains• 15 Chapters• 118 articles

15II. Law on Land Management and Urban Planning (cont)
Objectives:
This law is intended to ensure:• management, use, and development of land and natural resources areappropriate and consistent with objectives• smart, efficient, sustainable, balanced, quality, aesthetic, inclusive, andintegrated management of national, regional, capital, provincial, municipal,
and district development nationwide• the protection of public and private interests and rights during theimprovements, development, conservation and construction• the protection of natural resources, cultural treasures, history and heritage,
the promotion of green development, and mitigation of climate change, as
well as increase of prevention of disasters• drives economic growth, business development, boosts confidence anddraws investors, supports public and private development.

16II. Law on Land Management and Urban Planning (cont)
Goal➢This law aims to determine the competence, principles, plans, processes, andregulations for land use, land development, conservation, construction, andmeasures for land management and Urban Planning in the Kingdom of Cambodia.
➢It shall be applied for enforcement for state public land, state private land, and allland owned by private individuals in the Kingdom of Cambodia, with the exceptionof land determined in a separate law.

17

II. Law on Land Management and Urban Planning (cont)Principles
All matters regarding land management and urban planning must adhere to theseprinciples:• protect public interests and individual rights• smart, efficient, sustainable, balanced, inclusive, and integrated• economy, society, environment, culture and social harmonization• in line with decentralization, deconcentration, and is participated by all
stakeholders• Follow planning hierarchies and consistency with two-way approach (bottomup/top-down) for any decision making• uses the physical plan for land management and urban planning as a basis fordevelopment, conservation, and all types of construction.
➢ For more detail, please see the drafting law document.

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III. SPATIAL PLANNING
1. Progress

2. Challenges

19III. Spatial Planning
Introduction• The many uses and functions of land are governed by different ministries andaddressed in sector policies and plans.
• To find a balance between the often competing uses and functions and to provide
for a sustainable territorial development is the purpose of spatial planning.
• Therefore the Royal Government of Cambodia through the Council of Ministers
approved the National Policy on Spatial Planning (April 08, 2011) and mandated
the National Committee for Land Management and Urban Planning (NCLMUP), with
the MLMUPC as its secretariat, as the lead agency to implement spatial planning inCambodia.

20III. Spatial Planning (cont)
Vision of National Policy on Spatial Planning• The vision of Cambodia’s national spatial planning policy is that the country’s “entire
territory shall be used, organized, developed and protected by integrative, strategic
territorial planning and the harmonization of regionally significant instruments andmeasures”• In this regard, the national spatial planning policy shall avoid any contradictory views,
by adhering to hierarchies of planning at all respective levels (national to subnational level).

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III. Spatial Planning (cont)III. Spatial Planning (cont)Time Frame for Planning Vision
Level

Name

PeriodUpdateNational

National Spatial Planning

20 years

10 yearRegional

Regional Spatial Planning

20 years

10 yearCapitalCapital Land Use Master Plan
Capital Land Use Planning

20 years

5 year

Provincial

Provincial Spatial Planning

20 years

5 yearMunicipal

Municipal Land Use Master Plan
Municipal Land Use planning

15 year

5 years

District/KhanDistrict/Khan Land Use Master Plan

15 year

5 years

CommuneCommune Land Use Planning

15 year

5 years
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III. Spatial Planning (cont)• National Spatial Plan is under development• Data collection and analysis

24III. Spatial Planning (cont)AH 11: Steung Treng,Kratie, Kompong Cham,Kandal, Phnom Penh,
Kompong Speu, PreahSihanuk Ville

1. Regional Framework

AH 2: Poi Pet, Siem Reap,
Steung Treng, Ratanakiri

Map Legend
Bonteay Meanchey

National capital
6City/Town

5

Greater Mekong Subregion
Southern Economic Corridor
Greater Mekong SubregionNorth-South and East-West
Economic Corridor
Asian Highway NetworkInternational boundary

7Tabung Khmum

48
1 Bonteay Meanchey

433

River
Provincial boundary

Ratanakiri

AH 123: Koh Kong, PreahSihanouk, Kompot, Keb

AH 1: Poi Pet, Bonteay
Meanchey, Battembong,Porsat, Kompong
Chhnang, Kondal, Phnom
Penh, Prey Veng, Svay
Reang, Bavet

25

Map1. Asean Highway Network

III. Spatial Planning (cont)1. Regional Framework
BorderBorderTriangleRegion

PPMetroBorderpolitan

Mat2: National Integrated Strategy of Coastal Area Sustainable Development (JICA)
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III. Spatial Planning (cont)2. Urbanization Data

CAMBODIA- Land Areas: 181,035Km2- Capital City: Phnom Penh (2.1M)- Provinces: 24- Cities : 27
- Population:15.3 M (2019)- Density: 86 pers./km2- GDP: 1,679 UDS/Capita (2019)- Annual Economic Growth: 7%- Pop. Annual Growth Rate :1.4% (2019)
The spatial concentration of population in the core region
Source: Ministry of Planning, [Steinberg and Hakim, 2013]- Pop. Age: 15-64 Ys: 66.4% (2019)- 4.6 persons/Household (2019)- Phnom Penh. Annual Growth Rate: 3.2%(2019)27III. Spatial Planning (cont)3. Socio-Economic DataSectors

Distribution of GDP bySectors 2013

Distribution of GDP by Sectors
2025Agriculture

31.6 %

23%Industry

24.1%

30%

Services
Taxes

38.5%
5.8%

40%
7%

ItemPopulation (million)
GDP/cap (US$, current)
Annual GDP at Constant Prices ( Millions USD)

GDP growth (%, constant prices)(a) Agriculture(b) Industry(c) Services
Inflation (consumer price index)
Exchange Rate Per US$ ( Riels)
FDI : investment ( millions USD)
Source:[NSDP, IDP] Total Budget Revenues (% of GDP)

2013

2014

2015

14.7
1,036
15,191
7.4
4.2
9.8
8.8
3.0
4,100
1,216
14.3

15.
15.1
1,139
1237
16,943 18,676
7.1
7.0
4.2
4.0
9.9
9.3
6.8
7.1
3.5
3.5
4,100 4,100
1,211 1,361
15.1
15.6

2018
15.3 (2019)
1,558
24,374
7.5
1.6
12.3
6.5
2.5
4,053
2,979
28
22.2

III. Spatial Planning (cont)
Proposed Comprehensive transportation network pattern

3 Secondary transport corridors

2 External transport nodes◆ Coastal Transport Corridor◆ Northern Transport Corridor◆ Northeast Transport Corridor◆ Sisophon·Poipet◆ Svay Rieng·Bavet

3323Secondaries

3 Majors

3 Major transport corridors◆ Northwest Comprehensive Transport Corridor◆ Southeast Comprehensive Transport Corridor◆ Southwest Comprehensive Transport Corridor

44 Major transport hubs
◆ Siem Reap
◆ Battambang◆ Phnom Penh
◆ Sihanoukville29III. Spatial Planning (cont)
Proposed Comprehensive transportation network pattern

3 Major transport corridors
3 Secondary transport corridors
Siem Reap
Transport Hub

4 Major transport hubs

Northern TransportCorridor

2 External transport nodes
Sisophon - Poipet
Northwest Comprehensive
Transport Corridor“3342” Comprehensive
transportation network

Northeast TransportCorridor

Battambang
Transport Hub
Phnom Penh
Transport Hub
Coastal Transport
CorridorSoutheast Comprehensive
Transport Corridor

SihanoukvilleTransport Hub
Southwest Comprehensive
Transport Corridor

Svay Rieng -Bavet

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III. Spatial Planning (cont)
Challenges• Legal frameworks and enforcement• Human resources• Resources and tools for spatial planning• Spatial planning is a rather old discipline, yet new in Cambodia• Participation• Use of Spatial and Urban Planning for implementation

31

IV. Conclusion
RS-IV/NSDP
Eco Growth

WPL,NPSP,NHP,IDP,NUDS,…
Land Admin
Social Equity

Urban

Sustainable, balanced, andinclusive Development

Construction
Housing

to Economic Growth,
Sustainable Environment
and Social Stability

Natura/Env.
Food Security
National Defense32

Thank You!