Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement oracceptance by the ADRC.

Study on Disaster Management with special
focus on landslide and sediment related
disasters
By: Andrew Lalhruaia,
Deputy Director, UD&PA Deptt.
Govt. of Mizoram, India` DM in general` DM in India` DM in Japan` Landslide in General` Landside and Sediment related disasters in Japan` Landslide in India` Important sites visited during research` Observations and findings during research` Thought for the day` Most important…..

` Disaster is a calamitous events that seriously

disrupt the functioning of acommunitycommunity…..causes
causes human,
human material,material
economic losses……

` Greek- das(bad) and aster(star)` FrenchFrench desaster` Spanish- desastro` No same disaster but similarity always ishuman suffering and material losses…..
` Till today there is still a thinking that disasteris an accident or event that con not be
anticipated or reduced
reduced…..
` Management of disaster is not a single unit
work but requires collective efforts
efforts….
` It will be good that if there is a set aside
alwaysresources for disaster always……

` The best time to review and learn the disaster

response is while the events are fresh in theminds of those affected…….
affected` For some disaster, ‘Prevention plan’ can be soeffective Eg.
effective.
Eg Seismic proof in building regu..
regu` If there is no human action before many ofour today
today’ss disaster would have not happen
or lesser impact…..
` Development of community base planning is
the best strategy to mitigate disaster.

` Disaster Management Act 2005
` National Disaster management

Authority(NDMA) under the chairmanship ofPrime Minister.
` Nodal Ministry
y for DM is Home Ministryy` State disaster management Authority(SDMA),
DDMA, local Authorities, village level etc…
` National Disaster management Plan is not yet
approve by the Authority
liil Di` 10 B
Battalions
off N
National
Disaster R
ResponseForce(NDRF)

` Landslide
Landslide- Geological Survey of India(GSI)` Avalanches- Snow and Avalanche Study

Establishment(SASE)` Tsunami- Indian National Center for Oceanic
information Service(INCOIS)` Flood- Central Water Commission(CWC)` Cyclone- Indian Meteorological Department` Heat and cold wave- Indian MeteorologicalDepartment(IMD)` Earthquake- Monitoring seismic activity byIMD` Japan has a practice of learning from disasterand this is reflected in her laws, plan andpolicies.
policies` There are 7 basic Acts.
` 18 disaster prevention and preparedness
legislations.
` 3 disaster emergency response legislation
legislation.
` 23 disaster recovery, reconstruction andfinancial measures actact.

` Landside can be defined as, ‘ Geologicalphenomenon in which there is a groundmovement such as slope failure,failure debris
movement and rock and earth down a slope.

` Types- Earth flow, Mudflow, debris flow and falletc.

` The main reason is the failure of materials

forming the hills or slopes are driven by the forceof gravity.

` Landside can be triggered by natural andhuman action causes.
` The strength of a soil or geology can be afactor of landslide.
` Rain water can cause erosion and giving morechance to sliding.
` Cutting of hillside,hillside clearing of land for
agriculture and construction etc. are humanlandslideactions that can cause landslide.

` As around 70% of the geographical area ofJapan is hills and mountains, there is highpossibility of landside and debris flow
flow.
` The principles of mountain and river control
was developed during Edo period(1603period(16031868) which leads to the starts of ‘Sabo
Work .
Work’` Sabo means sediment control.
` The first Sunodome for protection ofsediment run off was built in around 1697.

` Structural Measures:

1. Steep slope law
2 Landslide prevention law
2.
3. Sabo law` Non- structural Measures:

Law concerning the Promotion of sediment
related disaster prevention(Warning/evacuation and restriction on newdevelopment etc.)` About 12.6% (0.42 million sq. km) of the total

areas is prone to landslide in India
India.

` GeologicalG l i l Survey
Soff India
I di (GSI) isi theth Nodal
N d l

Department for landslide in India.

` National DM guidelines
guidelines- Management oflandslide and snow avalanches, 2009.

` Bureau of Indian Standard(BIS) developed:` 1. IS:14496.
S96 p
preparation
pof LHZ map
p in hill` 2. IS:14458. Guidelines for R/W in Hilly region` 3. IS:14460. Guidelines for landslide control.
` 4. IS:14804. Guidelines for residentialbuilding in hilly regions.
` 5. National building code 2005

Explanation on seismic
design, DRI, Kobe

Fault line andDisplacement at Nojima

Tsunami wall

Damage due to Tsunami

Operation room for PM andCabinet etc.(Tokyo Rinkai..)

Honjo Life safety LearningCenter(EQ. simulation)

Scientist initiatives fornuclear disarmament

Sabo dam to protect thelava flow

Effect of bomb(radiation)

Damage house due topyroclastic flowUnderground drainage
tunnelEngineer’s explaining themeasures taken

Landslide prevention byanchoring and netting

On-going Sabo damconstrution` The way we faced problems in India andJapan on Landslide is bit different. India
mainly due to cut slope and Japan due tosediment run off.
` The effectiveness of the introduction of New
seismic codes is seen in GHAE on housing
damage comparison
comparison.
` Structural measures effectiveness can be seenclearly from Mt
Mt. Rokko Sabo works andKamenose landslide mitigation works etc.

` Disaster can occur with a low probability butwith a high impact from the GEJE experience.

` The preventives measures taken by Japanese

Government really deserve appreciation
appreciation.
Structural measures like Tsunami wall, Tokyo
Rinkai Mikki Hyogo etc
Rinkai,etc. and non- structural
measures like enactment of laws, drills,
etc areplatform opened for the handicap etc.
amazing…..

` There are so many ways other nations could copy

and learn from Japanese disaster experienced
and approaches…..

` In return Japanese can learn the settlement inmountains and hills from other nations/communities…..

` Structural measures can not be smaller than non-structural measures in disaster prevention,mitigation, preparedness……