Presentationon

Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Nepal
Presented on:
Asian Disaster Reduction Center
Visiting Researcher Program
July‐December Session
Kobe, Japan
Presented By:
Visiting Researcher, Shambhu Prasad Marasini
Section Officer
Disaster Management Section
Ministry of Home Affairs, NepalNational Flag

National Logo

NEPAL MAPINTRODUCTION
Nepal is a youngest republic country in the world.
FDR Declared in 28 May 2008.
Nepal is a land‐locked country.
It covers an area of 1,47,181 square kilometers between two bigcountries China and India.
Divided into three broad ecological regions the mountains, hills andterai (plain).
In elevation it ranges from sea‐level is 70 meters in plain area to 8848
meters in the mountains (Mount Everest).
The country has a population of 27 million with annual growth rate of2.25%.
Average life expectancy of about 63 years, literacy rate is about 65%.
The agriculture sector dominates Nepalese economy by accounting
for about 41% of GDP.
The per capita income is about US $290.
Around thirty‐one percent people live below the poverty line.
About 80% of the population is engaged in agriculture.

WEATHER
Temperatures
The plain area (southern lowlands along the Indian boarder)
has a warm and humid climate.
It is the hottest part of the country with summer
temperature up to 450C in June/September and down to50C at night in winter.
In the hills, the climate is mild and pleasant for most of theyear, falling to about 00C at night in November/February.
The mountains are chilly all year round and below freezing

Rainfall

Nepal has widespread rain during themonsoon period from June to mid‐September
with the remaining eight months fairly dry.
The mean annual precipitation is about1500mm,varying according to the location.
Generally, 80percent or more of the rainfall is
experienced during the monsoon season.
The south‐eastern part of the country is themost prone to floods where as the north‐western part, beyond the Himalayas, receives
very little rain and is drought prone.

Disaster Scenario
Nepal faces a myriad of hazards.
Stands 6th position to climate change Vulnerability.
Stands at 11th Position to Earthquake Vulnerability.
Vulnerability
Stands at 30th position in Water Induced Disaster.
Landslide, Flood ‐ Flash Flood, earthquake, GLOF are
major disasters.
Nepal has experienced great natural disaster like theearthquake of 1934, 1980, 1988, floods and landslides
every year.
In 2007 more than 261 people died due to landslideand flood, 69580 people were affected and 16289
families were displaced.

Glimpseswater logging due to flood and high precipitation, 2007

Flood due to the breach of embankment of Koshi Barrage,2008

Landslides

DRRM FrameworkSystemThree Years Interim Plan, 2007‐2010
Natural Calamity Relief Act, 1982
Local Self‐government Act, 1999 devolution ofresponsibility and authority for DM at the local level‐DDC, Municipality& VDC.
Institution Registration Act, 1977 – very liberal , 7‐11people could establish a NGO/CBO.
National Action Plan, 1996(Revised)
Disaster Victim Relief Distribution Standard, 2007
Other Sectoral Policies, Acts, Rules and Regulations.
In coordination and support of government, since1996 UNDP Nepal and Nepal Red Cross have initiatedthe community‐based disaster management (CBDM),First with in SAARC countries.
Commitment on WCDR (HFA), 2005 AD

StructureStructure cont…
The Ministry Of Home Affairs (MOHA) is designated as thelead agency responsible for DRRM and as a National FocalPoint.
MOHA is also responsible for Rescue and Relief Works,Data Collection and Dissemination as well as collection anddistribution of funds and resources.
CNDRC : This Committee is accountable for preparing
National Policies and Ensuring its Implementation.
RDRC :– RDRC is responsible to support and monitor theactivities implemented from the DDRCs.
– RDRC is composed by the representation of the various
Line Agencies related with Law and Order, Emergency
Response and Development Institutions.

Structure cont…
DDRC :– The District Level Committee (DDRC) have been constituted inall 75 Administrative Districts of the Country.
– DDRCs Draw Representatives from the District Level Offices ofthe various Line Agencies related with Law and Order,
Emergency Response (Army, Police, and the District Chapter of
Nepal Red Cross Society), Critical Facilities and Development
Institutions such as Irrigation, Road, Live Stock, Health, etc.
LDRC : Formulation As per requirement.
CBOs, NGO/INGOs and Civil Societies are also involved
independently .

Staffs
Central Disaster Relief Committee is chaired by the Honorable
Home Minister, two other ministers and more than 30 senior
government officials.
Currently, Various agencies of Government of Nepal are
assigned with different aspects of Disaster Risk andManagement.
Nepal is divided into five regions
RDRC is chaired by The Regional Administrator.
DDRC is chaired by the Chief District Officer in the District.
The CDO as the Chair Person of the DDRC is empowered to be
the highest level Government Official to take Disaster Related
Decisions including Rescue and Distribution of the Relief
Materials following a Disaster.
Security and Technical Personnel are also involved from Centralto Local level.
Staff of CBO, NGO/INGO and Civil Society are also involved.

What we are doing

New Initiation
As a new initiation draft of New Policy, Act and Strategy areprepared.
Disaster preparedness plans were prepared for 5 districts &for other districts is on going.
Ministerial council (cabinet) took decision to establish
National Platform for DRR.

Other Activities:
Formulation of building codes & implementing throughlocal bodies
Formulation of National & sect oral action plan; like, water
induced disaster action plan‐ water consumer group, health‐sector action plan etc.
Hazard & Vulnerability mapping with involvement ofcommunity people at various district.( specially seismic
hazard and water induced hazard macro level)
21 Seismic Recording Centers established under the Dept. ofMines and Geology in different parts of the country.
Capacity development of Armed Police Force, Nepal Police,
Nepal Army and Local Government agencies.
ERRP and so on……..
GLOF

Some Best Practices
Application of SABO Technology ; For controlling debris
flow and landslides in Muglin‐Narayanghad Higway; SABO
Dams, Check Dams, Retaining walls and bio‐engineering.

Community‐level preparedness programme for; flood
management basically; preparation of a manual oncommunity approaches to Flood Management. Use of local
and indigenous knowledge are increasing .

Some Best Practices
Early Warning System at Tsho Rolpa:
For Glacial lake outburst floods ; Government of Nepal established an early
warning system in 17 villages to warn people of the possible GLOF fromTsho Rolpa lake. This was carried out under a community level
preparedness plan. In 2000 AD. The Tsho ROpla GLOF Risk Reduction
Project, carried out , managed to lower the water level to three meters
below the danger level and risk of bursting was prevented. The GLOF
warning system can be reactivated in case of GLOF danger at any point infuture.

Some Best Practices
Earthquakes; NSET‐Nepal –Launched a community
based disaster risk
management programmed(CBDRMP) at the ward level.

Some Best Practices
Hospital Preparedness forEmergency : 19 Hospitals being
strengthened in structural andnon‐structural aspects.

Preparedness

Awareness Raising

Tsho Rolpa Early Waning

MITIGATION

Soil Conservation

Embankment

MITIGATION

Rescue and Relief

Rescue and Relief

Shelter housenewly constructed shelter houseGaps and Challenges in DRRM
Policy, Legal and Priority.
Lack of clear mandate
Lack of resources
Pre‐existing complex situation
Unprecedented scale of the disaster
Disaster hits mostly poorer sections of community
Lack of coordination: central‐local & among stakeholder
Relocation to a safer place
Providing compensatory assistance to displaced and worst
affected population for recovery, resettlement andrehabilitation

My Job Responsibilities in Present Position
Assists to formulate the National Policies regarding
Disaster Risk Reduction.
To implement the policies and programs.
To associate with the social organizations innatural disaster relief works and coordinate theactivities of those organizations;
To coordinate relief works;
To support the district committee and the local
committee on the matters relating to relief works;
Dissemination of Information regarding disaster.
Secretarial Works of CNDRC.

My Field of Interest:
To study Earthquake Risk Reduction Management ofNepal with reference of Japan’s Experience andPractices
To Visit Related Universities , Research Centers,
Institutions and places to get information and learn
about Japan’s Experiences and Practices
To involvement in ADRC activities.

Conclusion:
Government Of Nepal is committed to fulfill her core
responsibilities for implementing DRRM indicated byHFA (2005‐2015) and other national ‐ internationalcommitments.

Thank You All

For Your Kind Attention & Support