Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views of
the ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

COUNTRY PRESENTATION
Pakistan(1st March 2017)

AKBAR BACHAASSISTANT DIRECTOR,
1 NDMA PAKISTAN
1Pakistan’s Disaster Context
Northeast-500km+• Area– 790,000 sq km• Population– 190 million approx• 4 x Provinces + FATA+GB +AJKK• Parliamentary form of Govt.
• TopographicalThi l & Climatic
Cli ti Contrasts
C t t• Variety of Hazards / 4 x Seasons• Monsoon –Mid June to Sept2

Topography of Pakistan
Five Major or Geographic Areas• Northern Highlands:(Himalayas,Karakorum-K2-8611m-world
Highlands:(Himalayas Karakorum K2 8611m world 2nd highpeak,Hindukush-Tirichmr-7708m(30 out of world 100 high peaks in Pak)
• Indus River Plains(3,000+km-one of the longest river in Asia)• Balochistan Pleatu• Salt Range• Deserts(world'sDt (' 17th largest desert and the world's' 9th largest subtropical desert).
)
https://www.jovago.net/blog/30-top-peaks-pakistan-2712
http://www.pakistantoursguide.com/khewra-salt-mines.html
3

RIVER SYSTEM

4

Evolution of Disaster Management System

2010 – NDM Act

2007 – Raising of NDMA and Establishment
of NDMC2007 – NDM Ordinance2005 – Federal Relief Commission (FRC)
1971 – Emergency Relief Cell (ERC)
1958 - Calamity Act
5Disaster Management Structure
Federal Level

Provincial Level
NDM Act

NDMC

PDMC

NDMA

FederalDepartmentspEnabler

M/O Climate Change

Policy Formulation

NDRF

PDMAs

NIDM

DDMAs

Provincial
Departments

Implementation
Stakeholders

Community

District
Departmentsp

6

NDMC Composition
Composition•

Prime Minister - Chair•

L d off Opposition
O
iti
Leaders•

Prime Minister AJ&K & GB•

Chairman JCSC•y Members
Civil Society(Related Ministries)•

Co-opted Members•

All Chief Ministers•

Chairman NDMA- Secretary•

Governor KP (For FATA)(Senate & NA)•

Federal Ministers

7

NDMC Functions•

Lay Down Policies on Disaster Management•

Approval of National Plan•

Approve plans prepared by Ministries/ Divisions of Federal Government inaccordance with National Plan•

Lay Down Guidelines for Federal / Provincial Governments•

Arrange and Oversee Provision of Funds for DRR, Mitigation, Preparedness andp
Response•

Provide Support to other Countries Affected by Major Disasters•

Take Measures for Prevention of Disaster,Disaster Mitigation,
Mitigation Preparedness andCapacity Building
8

NDMA Structure

ChairmanMember(DRR)

Member(Operations)

Member(Admin &Finance))

Planning

Response

Admin

ICT DteMedia Dte

Gender &Child Dte

9

NDMA Organogram*AD(Coord)

AD IT

*AD
R-I

*AD
Imp

*AD
R-II
AD
UN

10

NDMA Functions

Entire Spectrum of Disaster
Management

PolicyFormulation

Coordination

Implementation

Monitoring

11

NDMA Functions• Act as implementing, coordinating and monitoring body for Disaster Management• Prepare National Plans for Disaster Management• Layy down g
guidelines for p
preparingp
g Disaster ManagementgPlans byy various Ministries/ Government Departments / Provincial Departments• Provide Technical Assistance to Provinces for Disaster Management planning• Coordinate
C di t DisasterDit Response,R
i rescue, relief
i.e.
li f andd early
l recovery
general education and awareness of Disaster Managementg((ADRC VR Topic?
p )• Promote g• Any other functions as desired by the Government12

Disaster Management Spectrum
Prevention &Mitigation
Risk
Assessment

Reconstruction

Awareness &C
Capacityit
BuildingdPreparedness

Rehabilitation

Early Warning

RecoveryDisasterReliefRescue13

Coordination Loop

14

Natural Hazards by Disaster Type
Attributed to
Climate Change

15

Hazards In Pakistan
Hydro-Meteorological Hazards

Flash Floods

Urban Floods

Riverine Floods

GLOF

Avalanches

Land slides

Drought

Cyclones16

Hazards In Pakistan
Geological Hazards

Earthquakes

Landslides

Tsunami17

Hazards In Pakistan
Manmade Hazards

Industrial
Accidents

Oil Spills

Fires

Epidemics /Pandemics

Displacements

Air Crashes

Train Crashes

Ship Fires
18

Disasters Handled

Cyclones• Yemyin 2007
• Phet 2010

Displacements• 2009 / 2010

Earthquakes• Ziarat 2008
• Dalbandin 2010
• Maskhel & Awaran 2013• 26 Oct 2015
• 10 April 2016

We learnt valuablelessons during the process

Floods2008, 2010, 2011, 2012,2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
Heavy Rains 2016

Landslides / GLOF
• Attabad 2010
• Gyari 2012

Drought• Tharparkar (2014)

Effects of Climate Change - Pakistan
Global Climate Risk Index 2016
Ranking2014 / (2013)

Country

CRI Score

DeathsDeaths per
100,000

Absolute
Losses (M)Losses perunit GDP%

Human Devpt Index

1(93)
( )

Serbia8.17

590.82363300.307

3.4435772(15)Afghanistan

10.67

434

1.3875337.0850.5543169

4(1)Philippines

12.50

328

0.32993312.686

0.4777117

5(6)Pakistan

12.67

1227

0.65902220.527

0.2511146

7(143)

Nepal

15.83

533

1.8962

143.101

0.2131

145

10(3)

India

16.17

1863

0.146036950.50

0.4986135(1995-2014)
CRI
1995-2014(1994-2013)
1 (1)
2 (2)
3 (3)
4 (5)
5 (5)
6 ((6))7 (7)
8 (10)
9 (11)
10 (9)Country

CRI
Score

DeathsDeaths per
100,000

Total Losses inMillion US$ PPP

Losses per unit
GDP in %Number of events (19952013)

Honduras
Myanmar
Haiti
Philippines
Nicaragua
BangladeshgVietnam
PakistanThailand
Guatemala

11.33
14.17
14
17
17.83
19.00
19.00
22.67
27.17
31.17
32.33
32.50

302.757137.27137
2252.65927.00162.30725.75361.30487.40164.20
83.35

4.41
14.75
14
75
2.76
1.10
2.97
0.52
0.44
0.32
0.25
0.66

570.351140.291140
29223.292757.30227.182438.33
2205.98
3931.407480.76407.76

2.23
0 74
0.74
1.55
0.68
1.23
0.86
0.70
0.70
1.05
0.50

73
41
63
337
51
222
225
143
217
88

20

19

Top Ten Countries Affected by Disasters

21

Effects of Climate Change on Pakistan
Variable Intensity

Displacements
Societal
Impacts

High Intensity Rainsin Short Duration

Inconsistent
Behaviour of
MonsoonHeavy
Downpours

Melting
Glaciers

Northern Areas

ExtremeClimateEventsSummers are
Becoming Hotter

22Flood Management – Responsibilities
Forecast

Federal Level• Weather – PMD• Flood – FFD

P
Provincial
i i l LevelLlNational Coord

FFC

NDMA
Provincial Coord

PDMAs

PIDs
Flood
Management

Flood Disaster
Management

Terbela &Mangla Dams

WAPDA
Coord with India(Rescue, Relief, Recovery,
Reconstruction & Rehabilitation))

PCIW

District Coord

DDMAs

Urban
Flooding
FldiMunicipal Corporations /Development Authorities
of City Governments

Flood
Management Riverine / Flash& Fighting Flood / GLOF
• National Coord – FFC• Regional Coord – PIDs

23

Earthquake Management – Responsibilities
1

Earthquake
Warning

2

DamageAssessment

Alertse s byInitial
a by

PMD

DDMAs

Disseminationof Alerts by

Detailed by
DDMAs /
PDMAs / Pak
Army Teams

NDMA /PDMAs

M&E byNDMA

3Earthquake
DisasterManagement

4

Infrastructure

National
C d byb
Coord

NationalCi ti bCommunication
by

NDMA

NHA

Provincial
Coord byRailway
Communication by

PDMAs

Pak RailwaysyDistrict Coord
by DDMAs

Telecommunication
by PTA
24

PAKISTAN’S DISASTER CONTEXT

25

Pak Earthquake Hazard Map

2005
AJ&K and KP

2008
Ziarat2013
Awaran26

Pak Earthquake Hazard Map

Earthquake Catalogue(Year 1900 - March 2015)

Earthquake
Vulnerability
T t l
Total:
12 88012,880Magnitude
Numbers
Fault
Lines
Map
<4
2920

Pakistan8710

4 – 4.9
5 -5.96 – 6.9
>7

1088
121
41
27

Pak Flood Hazard Map

Floods2010 20142010-2014
Flood Vulnerability

Flood 2011

Flood
2012
Flood
2013
Flood
2014
2010
Cumulative
Flood
Extent28

Pak Cyclone Hazard Map

2007
Cyclone Yemyin

2010
Cyclone Phet

C l
CycloneV
Vulnerability
l
bilit

29

Pak Drought Hazard Map

Drought Vulnerability

30

Pak Avalanche Hazard Map

A lAvalancheh Vulnerability
V l
bilit

31

Pak Landslides Hazard Map

L d lid V
Landslide
Vulnerability
l
bilit

32

Pak GLOF Hazard Map

GLOF Vulnerability
V l
bilit

33

Pak Tsunami Hazard Map

Tsunami Vulnerability

34

NDMA ACHIVEMENTS & CHALLENGES

35

Polices• National Disaster Management Act (NDM Act) Promulgated• National & Provincial Disaster Management Authorities established including
SDMA GBDMA & FDMA.
SDMA,
FDMA District Disaster Management Authorities notified• National Disaster Management Fund (NDMF) established• National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) functioning on adhoc basis• Merger of Emergency Relief Cell (ERC) of Cabinet Division with NDMA
• NDMP Implementation Steering Committee formed• Gender & Child Cell (GCC) – National & Provincial Level
36

Polices• National Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Policy, 2013
• National Disaster Risk Management Framework (2007-2012)• National Gender & Child Cell Framework 2013
• National Policy Guidelines on Vulnerable Groups in Disasters 2014
• Draft of Pakistan School Safety Framework 2016
• Implementation Framework on the National Policy Guidelines 2016
• Guidelines on Minimum Ex Gratia Assistance to Persons Affected by Manmade and Natural Disasters 201637

Guidelines / Frameworks• Guidelines on Stocking,Stocking Maintenance & Supply of Relief and Rescue Items 2016
• Draft Multi-Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) Guidelines 2016
• Draft Guidelines on Management of Dead in Disasters 2016
• Draft Guidelines on Minimum Standards of Relief in Camps 2016
• Multi Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (MHVRA) Policy Guidelines 201638

Plans•National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), 2013-22•

National Disaster Response Plan (NDRP), 2010•

Annual Monsoon Contingency Plans,
Plans 2010-2016•

Draft National Drought Mitigation and Response Plan, 2015•

Nuclear Emergency Management Plan•

National Plan for Industrial / Technical Disasters•

Cyclone Contingency Plan for Karachi - 2008•

National Maritime Disaster Contingency Plan
39

Disaster Management SOPs / Training Manuals•

SOPs on Separated,
Separated Unaccompanied and Missing Children in Disasters•

SOPs for Emergenciesg((Urdu))• Training Manual on Gender Mainstreaming in Disaster, 2014
• Trainer Manual Child Protection in Emergencies

40

Studies / Reports• Study on The Impacts and Future Recommendations on Heat Wave in Karachi,
Sindh – 2015
• Causes and Prevalence of Early and Forced Marriages in Disasters, 2014
• Report on Gender,
Gender Climate Change & Disasters – 2014
• Disaggregated Data Atlas based on Age, Gender & Disability – 25 Vulnerable
Districts in Year 2016
• Mapping Study of NGOs engaged in Gender related Works – 2016
41

Studies / Reports• Qualitative study on the Needs and Concerns of Vulnerable Groups during
disasters 2016
• 7 x Field Surveys by Geological Survey of Pakistan in seismicallyvulnerablel
bl areas off GB (Hunza,(H
H
Harmosh,h Ganchi)Ghi) & KP (Chitral,(Chit l Abbottabad)
Abb tt b d)in 2015 / 1642

Risk Assessment• Macro Level Risk Assessment-

Entire Country has been done

• MHVRA at Micro Level-

Completed in 10 x districts(5each Sindh & Punjab)• Monitoring and Evaluation-

2 x district MHVRA studies(with ADPC/UN
ADPC/UN-HABITAT)HABITAT)• Drought Assessment-

Completed in 14 x districts of
Balochistan(with UNDP)

43

Strengthening Response Mechanism• Capability developed to support over 0.5 Million people across the Country• CountryCt wideid elaboratel b t Warehouse
W h
N t
Network
k establishedt bli h d
• Capacity building of about 7000 persons through NIDM from 2010 to 2016
• Capacity building of 371 x official through 270 x foreign courses in morethan 35 x countries from 2009 to 2016
• Conduct of National Industrial Mock Exercise with Engro Fertilizers in year
2010 & March 2016
• National Disaster Management Simulation Exercises conducted in year 2014
& 2015• Conduct of training for Core Group & Master Trainers as part of PSSF

44

Humanitarian
Response Facilities
6 HRF Completed (Quetta, Sukkur,
LEGEND

Jamshoro, Muzaffargarh, Lahore,- NDMA

Peshawar)- PDMAs

2 HRF Under Construction (Muzaffarabad- DDMAs& Gilgit)
45

45

Humanitarian Response Facilities (HRFs)

46

Strengthening Response Mechanism• Government Official Emergency Response Exercise (GOERE) conducted all
across theth CountryCt in
i 2016• Six modern Urban Search & Rescue (USAR) Teams raised in Mardan, Islamabad,
Rawalpindi, Lahore, Karachi and Gilgit• Proactive National backup to all provinces and PDMAs at all times• Flood fighting response capability of Pak Army enhanced through provision offlood relief rescue equipment to rescue 1,000 Persons at a time as a National
backup• Coordination mechanism strengthened with MoI to use its Aviation Assets in caseof any disaster47

DRR Measures• Legislation for Enforcement of Building Codes• National Fire and Life Safety Codes – Just launched on 27 Feb 17• Modernization of Pak Met Department is being pursued to significantly
enhance the Early Warning capability

48

DRR Mainstreaming• Ministries
Mi i t i
t k d totaskedt developdl
S t l DRR Mainstreaming
Sectoral
M i t
iSt t i
Strategies
anddestablish DRR Mainstreaming Cells• DRR checklist made integral part of all Public Sector Development Projects• DRR approach integrated in Recovery and Reconstruction phases of disasters• Bachelor and Master level program on DM approved & instituted by HEC

49

Advocacy & Awareness• 8th October notified as National Disaster Awareness Day since year 2015
• Active
A ti Social
S i l Media
M di presence establishedt bli h d across multiple
lti l platformsl tf• Dynamic website with Global viewership• 14 x Public Service Messages (PSMs) developed• 2 x Documentaries on “Disaster Resilient Pakistan” & “Vulnerable Groups”
developed• Special Supplement on Disaster Awareness Day 2015 & 16
• Supplement on NDMA Achievements on 11 July 2016
• Regular awareness advertisement as part of pre, during and post disaster MediaCampaigns
50

Advocacy & Awareness• 6 x TV & Radio Programmes aired during Monsoon Season 2016
• 205 x Press Releases published in 1880 Newspapers• Conduct of one National level Media Round Table & 3 x Media Training
Workshops at Islamabad,
Islamabad Karachi & Lahore for media reporters• Child Centered & Gender Sensitive IEC material designed for all potential
hazards, emergencies and disasters.
• Brochures / Calendar/ media visit / Stall at WHS/ Conferences etc.
51

Community Early Warning• Effective SMS based Early Warning System in place with the assistance of
PTA since 2014
• Over 58 million SMS Alerts disseminated to public for Flood warning andPublic Service Messages for Earthquake in 2014 and 2015
• Over 300,000 persons evacuated through early warnings• Consolidation
C
lid ti off mechanism
h i
iis b
being
i pursuedd ffor iinclusionl i iin PTA Regulations
R
l ti
52

International Endeavors -MoUs• Republic of Korea-2012.
•

Republic of Turkey-2013.
Turkey 2013

• Republic of Sri Lanka-2015.
• Republic of Kyrgyz -2015• Republic of Cuba-2016• Republic of Afghanistan-In Pipeline.
• Republic of Kazakhstan-In pipeline.
• Republic of Azerbaijan-In pipeline.
• People
People’ss Republic of China-In
China In pipeline
pipeline.
Note - Areas like DM Technologies, MHEWS,, DRM,Flood Mgt, Post DR,Foreign Assistance,Fire fightining,Risk mapping, capacity building ,Simulation exercise, Joint training, Research, knowledge sharing and co-

53

International Endeavors -Relief Assistance Provided
Sr

Year

Name of Country

No Sorties/
Cargo Flights

Natre of Items

1

May 16May-16

Sri Lana
Lana-Flood
Flood

3xC
C-130
130

Relief Items

2

Feb-16

Tajikistan-EQ

35 xTrucks

Relief Items

3

Oct 15Oct-15Afghanistan EQ
Afghanistan-EQ

1xC
C-130
130

Relief Items

4

Apr-15

Nepal- EQ

20 x C-130

Relief Items

5

F b 15
Feb-15Af h i t
Afghanistan

2xC
C-130
130

R li f It
ReliefItems

6May-14

Bosnia & Herzegovina-Flood

1 x C-130

Relief Items

7

May-14Afghanistan-Landslides

3 x C-130

Relief Items

8

Nov-11

Turkey-Earthquake

2 x C-130

Relief Items

9

Mar-11

Japan- Earthquake

2 x C-130

Relief Items

10Jan-11

Sri Lanka-Flood

1 x C-130

Relief Items

54

International Endeavors - Regional Linkages
 Regional Consultative Committee on Disaster Management (RCC) - Pakistan
hosted the 13th RCC meeting in collaboration with MoFA and ADPC.
ADPC Heart of Asia Istanbul Process (HOA, DM-CBM - 3rd / 4th Meeting of RTG was held on
14th May,
M
2014 AND 8th September,
S t b 2015 ini Islamabad.
I lb d SAARC Disaster Management Center (SDMC) - Pakistan has offered to host SAARC
Environment & Disaster Management Center (SEDMC)

 Organization
Oi ti off Islamic
I l i CountriesCt i (OIC) - Supporting OIC in Disaster Management.
 Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) - NDMA, being counterpart organization,
enjoys a very close working relations with ADRC.

 Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)-Close relationship

55

Challenges for the DM System• Limited Capability – Meteorological Early Warning System• Weak Trans Border Rain and Flood Inflow Mechanism• Huge quantum of Flood Protection Measures required• Relief Centric Approach instead of DRR Approach• Building Codes exist but no legislation for enforcement• National Fire Safety Codes do not exist• Duplication of Responsibilities amongst organizations• Capacity Issues of NDMA, PDMAs and DDMAs• Ageing of Army
Army’ss Flood Rescue Equipment• Unregulated Interventions of Development Partners
56About my Research Topic - ADRC VR Program• Education and Awareness as a Tool for DRR- Comparative study of Japan andPakistan• WHY……….?
• International Obligation - GFDRR / SFDRR(Priority-1.promote national strategies
to strengthengpublicp
education and awareness in disaster risk reduction.. )• National Commitment - As per NDM Act 2010…. Mandated to promote general
education and awareness in relation to disaster management.
• National Commitment - As per NDMP… Policy Intervention No. 3.2.4“Promoting risk
awareness and knowledge through DRR education …
• Japan Experience - One of the most disaster-prone country in the world - developed
and adopted well-articulated system for DM/ achieved vast experience and having
lead role in DRR both at national & int,l level endeavor…
57

NDMA Documentary58

THANK YOU

59

1. The Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction during its fourth Session-Invest
toda for safer tomorrow,
today
tomorroheld in Geneva,
Gene a Switzerland
S it erland 19-23
19 23 May
Ma 2013,2013
stipulated vide “The Role of Public Awareness and Education in building
community resilience”
2. SFDRR Priority-1 .
A. understanding disaster risk to build the knowledge of government officials at alllevels civil society,levels,society communities and volunteers,
volunteers as well as the private sector,
sectorthrough sharing experiences, lessons learned, good practices and training andeducation on disaster risk reduction, including the use of existing training andeducation mechanisms and peer learning.B. “promote national strategies to strengthen public education and awareness indisaster risk reduction, including disaster risk information and knowledge,
through campaigns, social media and community mobilization, taking into
account specific audiences and their needs’’.

60