October 28th, 2021ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉 ᅜ㝿䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮 䛂䛣䜜䛛䜙䛾ୡ⏺䛻䛚䛡䜛ᩍ⫱䝕䞊䝍䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢᥈䜛䛃
NIER International Symposium on Education Reform - Exploring the Possibility of Educational Data for Sustainable Future -䝕䝆䝍䝹᫬௦䛾ᩍ⫱䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䠉TIMSS䛾ཧຍ⤒㦂䜢䜒䛸䛻䠉
Educational Assessment in the Digital Era- From Japanese Experience in TIMSS -㖟ᓥ ᩥ
GINSHIMA, Fumi
ginshima@nier.go.jp
PI of Japan TIMSS TeamNational Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER)

᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛡䜛TIMSS䛾ά⏝䠉䛣䜜䜎䛷䠉•Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ᨵゞ䛾ᇶ♏㈨ᩱ䛸䛧䛶䚸TIMSS䛾ᩍ⛉ၥ㢟䜔⤖ᯝ䛜ཧ↷䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䚹•ෆᐜ㡿ᇦ䚸ㄆ▱㡿ᇦ ၥ㢟✀ู(㑅ᢥᘧ䠋グ㏙ᘧ)䛺䛹䚸ၥ㢟ᯟ⤌䜏䛸ᑐᛂ䛥䛫䛶㆟ㄽ䛥䜜䜛䚹䜋䛛䛻䛿䚸International Benchmark ᡂ⦼ୖ఩⩌䜔ୗ఩⩌䛾๭ྜ䛾᥎⛣䚸⏨ዪ䛾ᡂ⦼䚸㉁ၥ⣬䛾⤖ᯝ䛸ᑐᛂ䛥䛫䛯ศᯒ䚸䛺䛹䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㛵ᚰ䛜㧗䛔䚹••඲యⓗ䛺ᡂ⦼䚸ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䛿⥲䛨䛶Ⰻዲᅜ㝿ᖹᆒ䜢኱䛝䛟ୗᅇ䛳䛯ಶ䚻䛾ၥ㢟 䛜ὀ┠䜢㞟䜑䜛ᩘᏛ 䞉 䝕䞊䝍䛾ά⏝ĺ 䛂䜹䝸䜻䝳䝷䝮䛾㡿ᇦᵓᡂ䜔ෆᐜ䛾㐺ษ䛥䛾☜ㄆ䛃䞉 㛗᪉ᙧ䛾࿘㛗 ĺ 䛂Ꮫ⩦⪅䛜Ꮫ䜣䛷䛔䜛䛾䛿ఱ䛛䠛䛃⌮⛉ 䞉 ◁₍䛾ၥ㢟 ⏕䛝≀ ĺ 䛂⏕≀䛸䛿ఱ䛛䛃䛂⌮⛉䛾Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜ䛾෌᳨ウ䛃ཧ⪃䠖 බ⾲ၥ㢟䠄 https://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss-landing.html
https://www.nier.go.jp/timss/ 䠅᪂⪺グ஦䠄᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺2021ᖺ10᭶12᪥ᮅห29㠃䚸ᮅ᪥᪂⪺2012ᖺ12᭶12᪥ᮅห䚸䜋䛛䠅1

TIMSS䛾ά⏝䛾䛣䜜䛛䜙䕔 TIMSS 䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍౑⏝ᆺㄪᰝ䠖 ᪂䛯䛺䝒䞊䝹••••PSI䠄ၥ㢟ゎỴ䛸᥈✲䠅䜲䞁䝍䞊䝷䜽䝔䜱䝤䞉཮᪉ྥᛶື⏬䚸䜹䝷䝣䝹䛺ၥ㢟ᥦ♧䝻䜾䝕䞊䝍䛾཰㞟䡡䡡䡡 ホ౯㡿ᇦ䡡䡡䡡 ホ౯ᡭἲ䡡䡡䡡 ホ౯ၥ㢟䛾ᥦ♧䡡䡡䡡 ศᯒᑐ㇟䝕䞊䝍䛣䜜䜙䛿䚸AIά⏝䠄䝕䜱䞊䝥䝷䞊䝙䞁䜾➼䛾ᶵᲔᏛ⩦䠅䛻㛵㐃䜢᭷䛧䚸◊✲䛸ᐇ㊶䛾཮᪉䛷䚸ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜ᣑ኱䛩䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䠛2

36, 3UREOHP 6ROYLQJDQG,QTXLU\㸹ၥ㢟ゎỴ࡜᥈✲ ◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡢᐇ㦂ࡸ᪥ᖖ⏕άࡢᩥ⬦ࢆᶍࡋࡓၥ㢟≧ἣ㸦࠶ࡓ࠼ࡿỈࡢ㔞㸧㸦࠶ࡓ࠼ࡿ⫧ᩱࡢ㔞㸧㸦ගࢆᙜ࡚ࡿ᫬㛫㸧 ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢゎ⟅࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊḟࡢၥ࠸ࡀኚ໬㸦ᚑ᮶ࡢ➹グᆺㄪᰝ࡛ࡣᅔ㞴࡞᪉ᘧ㸧 ࢝ࣛࣇ࡛ࣝື⏬ࢆྵࡳࠊ
どぬⓗ࡟ࡶ㨩ຊⓗ৪෼͹੔ௗࣰ‫ݩ‬Ν‫ܯ‬ժ͢ɼ݃ՎͶͯ͏ͱߡࡱ
ͤΖ㸦ͤ㸧⏬ീࡣࠊ7,066ࡢ
ⱥᩥࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࡼࡾᢤ⢋3ᩍ⫱䝕䞊䝍䝃䜲䜶䞁䝇䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䠖 ᩍ⫱◊✲䞉ᐇ㊶䛾㉁䛾ྥୖ䛻ྥ䛡䛶ᩍ⫱䝡䝑䜽䝕䞊䝍᫬௦䛾฿᮶䚸ᩍ⫱䝕䞊䝍䝃䜲䜶䞁䝇䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᮇᚅ䛾㧗䜎䜚䜢ཷ䛡䛶䚸
䠉 Q1. TIMSS䛷ఱ䛜䛷䛝䜛䛾䛛䠛䠉 Q2. ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ䛸䛧䛶ఱ䜢䛩䜉䛝䛛䠛ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶⪅䚸Ꮫ⩦⪅䚸ᩍ⫱◊✲⪅䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ⓙ䛥䜣䚸ୡ⏺䛾ⓙ䛥䜣䚸䛸䜒䛻䚸㆟ㄽ䜢㐍䜑䛶䛔䛡䜜䜀䚸኱ኚ᭷䜚㞴䛔䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹䛥䜙䛻䛿䚸ᪧ᮶䛾ᩍ⫱Ꮫ䛾㡿ᇦ䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䚸ㄆ▱㡿ᇦ䚸᝟ሗ㡿ᇦ䚸ᕤᏛ㡿ᇦ䚸䛺䛹䛾」ᩘ䛾◊✲㡿ᇦ䛷䚸ᑐヰ䛸㐃ᦠ䛾ᙉ໬䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䛸⪃䛘䜎䛩䚹4᪥ᮏ䛾䝕䝰䞉䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䜘䜚䠖⏕ᚐ䛾ឤ᝿䞉཯ᛂ䛾⤂௓䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊ື⏬䠄䝕䝇䜽䝖䝑䝥➃ᮎ䠋䝍䝤䝺䝑䝖➃ᮎ䠅ĺ ḟ䝨䞊䝆䝕䝰䠃䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊ᐇ᪋᪥䠖௧࿴ඖ(2019)ᖺ7᭶17᪥5᪥ᮏ䛾䝕䝰䞉䝉䝑䝅䝵䞁䜘䜚䠖⏕ᚐ䛾ឤ᝿䞉཯ᛂ䛾⤂௓䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊ື⏬䠄䝕䝇䜽䝖䝑䝥➃ᮎ䠋䝍䝤䝺䝑䝖➃ᮎ䠅• ➃ᮎ䛾᧯స䜔ືస䚸ᩥᏐධຊ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᅔ㞴ᛶ䛾ᣦ᦬• 䜲䞁䝍䞊䝷䜽䝔䜱䝤䠄ゎ⟅άື䛻䛚䛡䜛཮᪉ྥᛶ䠅䛻㛵䛩䜛ዲពⓗ䛺཯ᛂ䛺䛹䝕䝰䠃䜲䞁䝍䝡䝳䞊ᐇ᪋᪥䠖௧࿴ඖ(2019)ᖺ7᭶17᪥7⏕ᚐ䛯䛱䛾ឤ᝿䞉཯ᛂ䛛䜙⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛◊✲ㄢ㢟౛䛘䜀䚸䛂ᴦ䛧䛛䛳䛯䛃 䛸䛔䛖཯ᛂ䛻㛵㐃䛧䛶᝿㉳䛥䜜䜛◊✲ㄢ㢟䠖• ゎ⟅⪅䛿䚸䛺䛻䜢ᴦ䛧䛔䛸ឤ䛨䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛䠛• ᴦ䛧䛔䛸䛔䛖ឤ᝟䛜ၥ㢟䛾ゎỴάື䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻స⏝䛧ᙳ㡪䛩䜛䛾䛛䠛• Ꮫ⩦䜢ᡂຌ䛻ᑟ䛟䚸ᮏ㉁ⓗ䛺ᴦ䛧䛥䛸䛿䠛• Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾ពḧ䛸Ꮫ⩦䛾㐩ᡂᗘ䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛿䠛䛺䛹䞉䞉䞉䛣䜜䜙䛿䚸Ꮫ⩦䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䜢⪃䛘䜛䛯䜑䛾䚸㔜せ䛺䝔䞊䝬Ꮫ⩦䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻䝕䝄䜲䞁䛩䜉䛝䛛䠛䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᩍᮦ䜢‽ഛ䛩䜉䛝䛛䠛䛺䛹䛻䜒㛵㐃䛩䜛8ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ౑⏝ᆺㄪᰝ &%7 ࡢ㢼ᬒ㹼⏕ᚐࡢᵝᏊ㹼&%7࡟࠶ࡲࡾゐࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸⏕ᚐࡣࠊ≉࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡟ㄪᰝၥ㢟࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡃࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ័ࢀ࡞࠸ᙧᘧࡢ࠺࠼ࠊ⏬㠃࡟㞟୰ࡍࡿࡪࢇ⑂ࢀࡶ⁀ࡲࡾࡸࡍ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋㄪᰝၥ㢟⮬య㸦ࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺ➼㸧ࡶྵࡵࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ࠸࠿࡟ࢫࢺࣞࢫࡢᑡ࡞࠸⎔ቃࢆ⏝ព࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࠖࡀㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࡍࠋ䝟䝋䝁䞁䝹䞊䝮㻔㻼㻯㻕ࡇࡢ⏕ᚐࡣ୧ᡭ࡛ࢱ࢖ࣆࣥࢢ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ୍㒊ࡢ⏕ᚐࡀ∦ᡭࡢேᕪࡋᣦ୍ᮏ࡛ࢱ࢖ࣆࣥࢢࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᩍᐊ㻔䝍䝤䝺䝑䝖㻕ᩍᐊ࡛ࡣࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺࢆᮘ࡟⨨࠸࡚ࠕ┿ୖ࠿ࡽࠖࢸࢫࢺࢆཷࡅࡿ⏕ᚐࡀከࡃぢࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⑂ࢀ ࢫࢺࣞࢫ ࢆῶࡽࡏࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ௒ᚋࠊࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ⏝ࢫࢱࣥࢻࡢ
‽ഛࡀᚲせ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ౑⏝ᆺㄪᰝ &%7 ࡢ㢼ᬒ㹼ㄪᰝၥ㢟ճ㹼ୡ⏺ࢆ⯙ྎ࡟ࡋࡓH7,066ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㐣⛬࡛ࡣࠊグ㏙ᘧゎ⟅ࡢၥ㢟ࡢ௚࡟ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢᵝࠎ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢゎỴࡢࡓࡵ᪥ᮏྥࡅ࣮࢜ࢲ࣮࣓࢖ࢻࡢ௙ᵝ㸦ࣝࣅ㸧ࢆᅜ㝿ᮏ㒊࡟ูὀࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸦ᡭ㛫ࡶ᫬㛫ࡶ࠿࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓ㸧ࠋࡍ࡭࡚ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᏛᰯ⌧ሙ࡟༶ࡋࡓࠊࡼࡾ⢭☜࡞ ᐃࡢࡓࡵ࡛ࡍࠋ䝹䝡䛿᪥ᮏ≉᭷

H7,066ࡢၥ㢟⏬㠃ࡣࠊࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆ࢔ࣉࣜ࡟ฟຊࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⏬ീฎ⌮ࢯࣇࢺ࡟ࡼࡾ┤᥋⦅㞟ࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࡓࡵࠊ⭾኱࡞㔞ࡢࣝࣅࢆ᣺ࡿసᴗࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ᡭ㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋධຊ䝰䞊䝗䛾ษ䜚᭰䛘ᩘᏐࡸඖ⣲グྕ➼ࢆධຊࡍࡿሙྜࠊࡑࡢࡓࡧ࡟ධຊ࣮ࣔࢻࢆ
ษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ⏕ࡌࡲࡍ බ⏝ㄒࡀ࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ⾲グࡢᅜ࣭ᆅᇦ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿⅬ࡛ࡍ ࠋศᩘ䛾ධຊᩘᏐࣃࢵࢻ࡟ࡼࡾศᩘࢆධຊࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊ
H7,066ࡣศᏊ Ѝศẕࡢ㡰࡛ᡴࡕ㎸ࡴ௙ᵝࡀࢹࣇ࢛ࣝࢺ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊศẕ ЍศᏊ࡛᭩ࡃ⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀᡞᝨࢃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊศẕࢆࢡࣜࢵࢡࡍࢀࡤඛ࡟ධຊ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⦎⩦ࣃ࣮ࢺࡢẁ㝵࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋTIMSS ᅜ㝿ㄪᰝ䜈䛾ᮇᚅeTIMSS䡡䡡䡡 」ᩘ䛾ᅜ䜔ᶵ㛵䚸◊✲⪅䛾ⱥ▱䛜⤖㞟䛧䛯ඛ⾜ዲ஦౛• ᩍ⫱ホ౯䛾㡿ᇦ䛷䛿䚸ホ౯䛾⤖ᯝ䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ά⏝䛧䚸䜎䛯䚸Ꮫ⩦⪅䜔ホ౯ᑐ㇟⪅䛻㑏ඖ䛩䜛䛾䛛䜒㔜せ䛺ㄽⅬ䚹• ◊✲ 䛸 ᐇ㊶ 䛾䛴䛺䛜䜚䛻䛴䛔䛶⥅⥆᳨ウ䛜ᚲせ䚹ᅜ㝿Ꮫຊㄪᰝ䛿䚸ཧຍᅜ㛫䛾䝷䞁䜻䞁䜾➇த䛜┠ⓗ䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹ᩍ⫱䛾㉁ྥୖ䛾䛯䜑䛾䚸䝒䞊䝹䛾䠍䛴䚹11䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䛾䝔䞊䝬 䛂ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉䛃௒ᅇ䛿䚸TIMSS䛻↔Ⅼ໬䛧䛶䚸ᩍ⫱ホ౯䛻䛴䛔䛶⪃䛘䛶䛝䜎䛧䛯䚹
TIMSS䛿㛗䛔Ṕྐ䛾୰䛷䚸ㄪᰝ᪉ἲ䜢ᨵ㠉䛧䚸ศᯒᡭἲ䜢ᨵ㠉䛧䛶䛝䜎䛧䛯䚹᪥ᮏ䛷䛿䚸2007ᖺ䛻඲ᅜᏛຊ䞉Ꮫ⩦≧ἣㄪᰝ䛜㛤ጞ䛥䜜䛶௨᮶䚸ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶PDCA䛾⪃䛘᪉䛸ྲྀ⤌䛜ὀ┠䜢㞟䜑䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹ᮏ᪥䛾䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䛾ㅮ₇ෆᐜ䚸᪥ᮏ䛾⤒㦂䜢䜒䛸䛻䛩䜛䛸䚸PDCA䛜ෆໟ䛩䜛ከᵝ䛺せ⣲䜔」ᒙᵓ㐀䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜ᾋ䛛䜣䛷䛝䜎䛩䚹䛴䜎䜚䚸PDCA 䛾 C 䛻䛒䛯䜛 Check 䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䝁䞁䝢䝳䞊䝍౑⏝ᆺㄪᰝ䛸䛔䛖䚸᪂䛯䛺䝒䞊䝹 䛜ฟ⌧䛧䛯䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸௒䜎䛷ග䛜ᙜ䛯䜚䛻䛟䛛䛳䛯㒊ศ䚸ග䜢ᙜ䛶䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯㒊ศ䜢ྍど໬䛧䚸ᩍ⫱䛾㉁ྥୖ䛻ᙺ❧䛶䜛ẁ㝵䛻᮶䛶䛔䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜎䛩䚹12ᚚ㟼⫈䛒䜚䛜䛸䛖䛤䛦䛔䜎䛧䛯䚹ㅰ㎡㈨ᩱ୰䛾⏬ീ䜔ᫎീ䛻ಀ䜛᧜ᙳ䜔సᡂ䛾௻⏬䛿䚸Ꮫᰯ㛵ಀ⪅䜔ᑓ㛛ᐙ䛺䛹ከ䛟䛾᪉䚻䛾ᚚ⌮ゎཬ䜃ᚚ༠ຊ䛜䛺䛡䜜䜀ᐇ⌧䛧䜎䛫䜣䛷䛧䛯䚹䛸䜚䜟䛡䚸Ꮫᰯ⌧ሙ䛜ᚚከᛁ䛾୰䚸ᛌ䛟༠ຊ䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛳䛯ྎᮾ༊❧ᚚᚐ⏫ྎᮾ୰Ꮫᰯ䛾⏕ᚐ䛾ⓙ䛥䜣ཬ䜃ᩍ⫋ဨ䛾᪉䚻䛺䜙䜃䛻௻⏬䛻⌮ゎ䜢♧䛧䛶䛟䛰䛥䛳䛯ಖㆤ⪅䛾᪉䚻䚸䜎䛯䚸TIMSS2019䛷ᐇ㝿䛻౑⏝䛥䜜䛯ㄪᰝၥ㢟䛾౑⏝䜢ㄆ䜑䛶䛟䛰䛥䛳䛯IEA㛵ಀ⪅䛻ᑐ䛧䚸ᨵ䜑䛶ឤㅰ䜢⏦䛧ୖ䛢䜎䛩䚹13