GLOBAL SOCIAL WORK STATEMENTOF ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
1RECOGNITION
OF THEINHERENT DIGNITYOF
HUMANITY8HUMAN
RIGHTS2

USE OFTECHNOLOGYAND
SOCIAL MEDIA

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TREATINGPEOPLE AS
WHOLEPERSONS

SOCIAL 3
JUSTICEAND
EQUALITY

9PROFESSIONALINTEGRITY

4SELF
DETERMINATION

6
CONFIDENTIALITYAND
PRIVACY

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PARTICIPATIONCHALLENGING DISCRIMINATIONRESPECTING DIVERSITYBUILDING SOLIDARITYACCESS TO EQUITABLE RESOURCES

CHALLENGING UNJUST POLICIESCHALLENGING UNJUST PRACTICESGlobal Social Work Statement of Ethical Principles (IASSW) 1
This Statement of Ethical Principles (hereafter referred to as Statement) is designed
to facilitate social workers 2 aspirations towards the highest possible standards of
ethical practice, through processes of constant debate, self-reflection, willingness todeal with ambiguities, and to engage in ethically acceptable processes of decisionmaking to achieve ethical outcomes. Each of the principles in this Statement must
be read in relation to each other and not separately.
This Statement makes an explicit commitment to value the people with whom social
workers engage. Implicit in our acceptance of this Statement as social work
educators, students, researchers and practitioners is our commitment to uphold thecore values and principles of the social work profession as set out in this Statement.
A Statement such as this works best when it reflects the moral impulse on the part ofthe social worker, with a commitment to doing no harm, social justice, recognition of
the inherent dignity of humanity and to the universal and inalienable rights of people.
Recognizing the embodied vulnerability of ourselves and, more particularly of thepeople whom we engage with or work on behalf of, this Statement is designed toensure multiple levels of accountability towards: the individuals, families, groups, andcommunities that we engage with; ourselves; the organizations that we work in; andthe broader societal contexts within which social work education, practice andresearch is located.

We recognize a need for a fundamental conceptual shift from situating human dignity
primarily within the context of autonomy to recognizing the inter-subjectivity and interrelatedness of human dignity and human rights. Far from being autonomous andindependent beings as constructed by liberal theory, as human beings we are all
embedded in societies and dependent on their socio-political, economic and cultural
structures and conventions. Vulnerability is a universal part of the human condition.
This does not negate the agency that people have in liberating themselves on
personal and political levels, and the responsibility of socio-political, economic and1 This Statement is: a) an outcome of considered feedback received during consultations; b) an
attempt to counter Western hegemony in social work practice, education and research; and c) aneffort to work towards a decolonizing agenda.
2 The concept “social worker” is used to be inclusive of social work educators, students,
researchers, and practitioners; and to categories of social workers, variously called in different
contexts, such as youth workers, community development practitioners, child care workers,
probation officers and social welfare officers, except where such categories are separate andindependent of social work and might have their own codes of ethics.

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cultural systems in ensuring development and wellbeing.

Social workers recognize the political dimension of the profession as a consequenceof the power and authority conferred on them by the State to take action with or on
behalf of people, within the boundaries of the profession’s ethical principles

Social work as a profession is dynamic, critical and engaged with people and theirmultiple environments. There are an array of values and ethical principles which
inform us as social workers. This reality is recognized in the 2014 Global Definition ofSocial Work, which is layered, and encourages regional and national amplifications.
Likewise, this Statement may be amplified and/or adapted at national and/or regional
levels, as long as it is in accordance with the intention and spirit of this Statement.

Social work employer organizations, and education and research institutions must
work towards the provision of infrastructural arrangements, and developmental
opportunities to facilitate the achievement of ethical imperatives. It is not only social
workers who must ensure ethical practices; organizations must fulfil their obligations
in supporting ethical practices3.

This Statement takes as its point of departure the 2014 Global Definition of Social
Work, which reads as:
Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that facilitatessocial change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment andliberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility
and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories ofsocial work, social sciences, humanities and Indigenous knowledges, social work
engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing.

3 See Agius, A., & Jones, D. N. (2012). Effective and ethical working environments for social work:

The responsibilities of employers of social workers. Bern: International Federation of Social
Workers. Retrieved from http://ifsw.org/policies/effective-and-ethical-working-environmentsfor-social-work-the-responsibilities-of-employers-of-social-workers-3/#.UFvw6fZeOJc.email.

2Principles
1) Recognition of the Inherent Dignity of Humanity
1.1)

1.2)

1.3)

1.4)

2.

Recognizing the inherent dignity of all human beings, social workers work
towards empathetic relationships and making being for the Other 4 (people
who social workers work with or on behalf of) one of the foundations of ethicalpractice, where the social worker accords the unique Other that priority
assigned to the Self. The idea is to treat all people as they want to be treated
and as we would like to be treated.
Social workers demonstrate respect for the inherent dignity and worth of all
human beings, in attitude, word and deed. This calls for differentiation
between unconditional positive regard for persons and people’s attitudes,
behaviours and/or socio-political and cultural contexts that may be deemed to
be in need of change. While we respect persons, we challenge beliefs andactions of those persons where they may devalue or stigmatise themselves orother persons.
Social workers appreciate that the need for such differentiation elucidated in
1.2 calls for critically reflexive practice. As social workers we (as do thepeople whom we engage with) bring to the working relationship our histories,
pains and joys, values, and our religious, spiritual and cultural orientations.
Critical reflection on how the personal influences the professional and viceversa must be the foundation of everyday ethical practice.
While recognizing the strengths and inherent dignity that all human beings
possess, social workers acknowledge the embodied vulnerability 5 ofourselves and the people with whom we work. Tuning into, acknowledging
and dealing with vulnerabilities is constitutive of strengths, and are sources ofgrowth, development and human flourishing.
Promoting Human Rights

2.1
Social workers embrace and promote the fundamental and inalienable rights
of all human beings, as reflected in human rights instruments and conventions, suchas the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the Convention on the Rights of theChild; the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against
Women; the International Covenant on Economic and Cultural Rights; theInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the Convention on the
Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination; the Convention on the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities; the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees; UN
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; the International Convention on theProtection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families andthe International Labour Standards.
4 The concept is borrowed from Emmanuel Levinas. For Levinas, to be responsible means tomake oneself available for service of the Other in such a way that one’s own life is intrinsicallylinked with that of others. The justification for the Self, for Levinas, begins with the Other; ourresponses to the call of the Other define ourselves. See Levinas, E. (1985) Ethics and Infinity(Translated by R.A. Cohen). Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.

5All people are embodied beings; they are not fragmented, isolated entities, where the Self isconsidered as separate and independent of the roles that people perform. By virtue of being in
the world all people carry varying degrees of vulnerabilities. This principle challenges the notionof the social worker as expert, detached and neutral, and supports the idea of a shared embodied
vulnerability with all of humanity.

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2.2.

Social workers respect and defend the human rights principle of indivisibility,and promote all civil, political, economic, social, cultural and environmental
rights.

2.3

Recognizing that culture sometimes serves as a disguise to violate humanrights, social workers serve as cultural mediators to enable consensus
building, find an appropriate balance between competing human rights, andto advocate for the rights of marginalized, stigmatized, excluded, exploitedand oppressed individuals and groups of persons.

2.4

Social workers recognize that human rights need to coexist alongsidecollective responsibility, understanding that individual human rights can only
be realized on a day-to-day basis if people take responsibility for each otherand the environment, and if they work towards creating reciprocal
relationships within communities.

2.5

Social workers provide people with information regarding their rights, andsupport people’s efforts to access their rights.

2.6

Social workers recognize the State as a key actor in the defense, promotion,and fulfillment of human rights.

3. Promoting Social JusticeSocial workers promote social justice, in relation to society generally, and in relation
to the people whom they work with. This means:
3.1 Challenging Discrimination and Institutional Oppressiona) Social workers challenge discrimination, which includes but is not limited to:physical and/or mental abilities, capacity, age, culture, gender identity, sexual
orientation, race, ethnicity, language, religion, spiritual beliefs, political opinions,socio-economic status, poverty, class, family structure, relationship status andnationality (or lack thereof).
b) Social workers recognize how ideology, laws, policies, regulations, customs, or
practices may create inequalities and prevent members of certain groups fromequitable treatment.
c) Social workers work against institutionalized discrimination and oppression in allits forms.
3.2 Respect for Diversitya) Social workers work towards strengthening inclusive communities that respect theethnic and cultural diversity of societies, taking account of individual, family, groupand community differences.
b) Social workers recognize that respect for, and acceptance of diversity must not be
used to stretch the boundaries of moral relativism, to the point where the rights ofsome groups of persons, including the right to life (e.g. of women and sexual, ethnic,

4and religious minorities) are violated. Social workers problematize and challenge
those cultural practices that limit the full enjoyment of human rights.
c) Social workers recognize that constructing and dealing with socio-economic
concerns as cultural issues often deny or minimize underlying structural factors that
contribute to psychosocial challenges.
3.3 Access to Equitable Resourcesa) Social workers advocate and work towards access and the equitable distribution of
resources and wealth, recognizing that gross inequality combined with poverty
constitute threats to human development.
b) Social workers support people’s right to sustainable income, which must be
provided through decent work and/or universal social security.
3.4 Challenging Unjust Policies and Practicesa) Social workers work to bring to the attention of their employers, policy makers,
politicians and the general public, situations where policies and resources are
inadequate or where policies and practices are oppressive, unfair or harmful. In
doing so, social workers must not be penalized.
b) Social workers must be aware of situations that might threaten their own safety
and security and they must make judicious choices in such circumstances. Social
workers are not compelled to act when they would put themselves at risk.
c) Global bodies such as the IASSW and IFSW, in collaboration with social workers’
employers and/or national professional/statutory organizations, have an obligation toprotect and defend social workers who are threatened in the line of duty, because of
their opinions or when they draw attention to injustice.
3. 5 Building Solidarity
Social workers actively work in communities and with their colleagues, within andoutside of the profession, to build networks of solidarity to work towards
tranformational change and inclusive and responsible societies.
4. Promoting the Right to Self-determination
4.1 Social workers recognize people as capable and self-determining.
4.2 Social workers respect and promote people’s rights to make their own choices
and decisions, provided this does not threaten the rights and legitimate interestsof others.
4.3 Social workers recognize that while individuals are self-determining in that they
have the freedom to think - perhaps a most fundamental freedom - which cannot
be taken away, the freedom to think does not guarantee the exercise of selfdetermination.
4.4 Social workers recognize that the taken-for-granted assumption of the right toself-determination in many contexts denies the often oppressive, marginalizing,
exploitative, violent and exclusionary socio-cultural, economic and political
determinants of human development and functioning.

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4.5 Social workers acknowledge the realities of people, whose self-determination
isoften curtailed on account of various factors, including the control functions thatsocial workers exercise in fields such as child protection and welfare, criminal
justice, disability and mental health.
4.6 Social workers recognize that the agency of individuals intersect with structural
conditions, and that the ideal of self-determination requires resources like goodeducation, decent employment, access to health care, secure and stablehousing, safety and security, adequate sanitation, clean water, pollution freeenvironments and access to information.
4.7 Social workers recognize that dominant socio-political and cultural discourses
and practices contribute to many taken-for-granted assumptions and entrapmentsof thinking, which manifest in the normalization and naturalization of a range ofprejudices, oppressions, marginalizations, exploitation, violence and exclusions.
4.8 Social workers recognize that developing strategies to heighten criticalconsciousness that challenge and change taken-for-granted assumptions forourselves and the people whom we engage with, forms the basis of everyday
ethical, anti-oppressive practice.
5. Promoting the Right to Participation
5.1 Social workers work towards building the self-esteem, and the capabilities ofpeople, resourcing people to participate fully on their societies, and promoting theirfull involvement and participation in decisions and actions that affect their lives.
5.2 Social workers contribute to the creation of meaningful spaces and processes forpeople’s participation in the formulation of policies.
5.3 Social workers promote the inclusion of people who are excluded fromparticipating or benefiting from resources due to the various criteria reflected in 3.1 a.
6. Respect for Confidentiality and Privacy
6.1 Social workers respect and work in accordance with people’s rights toconfidentiality and privacy.
6.2 Such rights to confidentiality and privacy might be breached when there is risk ofharm to the self or to others.
6.3 Social workers recognize that a person’s right to confidentiality and privacy is
restricted in certain statutory settings.
6.4 Social workers inform the people that they work with about such limits toconfidentiality and privacy.
6.5 In some cultural contexts, characterized by we-centered, communitarian living,social workers respect and abide by the people’s right and choice to sharedconfidentiality, in so far as this does not infringe on the rights of individuals.

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Treating People as Whole Persons

7.1 Social workers recognize the biological, psychological, social, cultural andspiritual dimensions of people’s lives, and understand and treat all people as whole6persons. Such recognition is used to formulate holistic assessments andinterventions, with the full participation of people, organizations and communities thatsocial workers engage with.
7.2 Social workers collaborate with members of inter-disciplinary teams to achieve
holistic, favourable results.
8. Ethical Use of Technology and Social Media
8.1 The ethical principles elucidated in this Statement apply to all contexts of SW
practice, education, and research, whether it involves direct face-to-face contact or
use of digital technology and social media6.
8.2 Social workers recognize that the use of digital technology and social media may
pose particular threats to the principles of confidentiality and privacy and must takethe necessary precautions to guard against this. Informed consent must make suchpossible limits to confidentiality and privacy clear.
8.3 Social workers appreciate that verifying the identity of users of online services,
including their ages and geographic locations may pose a challenge e.g. with being
registered and/or licensed to practice in one location, when online users are locatedoutside of the jurisdiction, or the difficulty of ensuring that the person is of majority
age to provide informed consent. Social workers need to discuss the pragmatic andethical implications of issues such as these with their registration and/or licensing
boards.
8.4 Social workers recognize the potential pitfalls of asynchronyous communication,and of the unverifiable identities of persons that they are working with, for example
when suicidal or homicidal intentions, child sexual abuse or domestic violence aredisclosed. Online counselling does not preclude the social workers duty to report, as
per national statutory requirements, and to protect the person or others from potential
harm or danger.
8.5 In using group based e-technology services social workers ensure that they
abide by the principle of inclusivity, and that no person is excluded from participation
through deliberate omission.
8.6 Social workers do not post pictures of people that they work with without theirconsent, and they must not post pictures of children without the consent of theirparents or legal guardians.
8.7 With regard to social work education, as reflected in 6.4 of the Global Standards
for Social Work Education and Training, educators must ensure high quality of theeducational programme whatever the mode of delivery. In the case of distance,
mixed-mode, decentralised and/or Internet-based teaching, mechanisms for locallybased instruction and supervision should be put in place, especially with regard to
the fieldwork component of the programme.
8.8 It is the responsibility of the social worker to provide proof of ethical practice,irrespective of the mode of practice.

6 These include e.g. counselling and research via e-mail; videos; on-line self help groups or use of

Facebook and WhatsApp that may be used as stand alones or in conjunction with face-to-faceinteraction.

79. Professional Integrity
9.1 It is the responsibility of the national associations and organizations to develop
and regularly update their own codes of ethics or ethical guidelines, to be consistent
with this Statement, considering local situations. It is also the responsibility ofnational organizations to inform social workers and schools of social work about thisStatement of Ethical Principles and their own ethical guidelines. Social workers
should act in accordance with the current ethical code or guidelines in their country.
9.2 Social workers must hold the required qualifications, and develop and maintainthe required skills and competencies to do their job.
9.3 Social workers support peace and non-violence. Social workers may work
alongside military personnel for humanitarian purposes and work towards peacebuilding and reconstruction. Social workers operating within a military or
peacekeeping context must always support the dignity and agency of people as theirprimary focus. Social workers must not allow their knowledge and skills to be used
for inhumane purposes, such as torture, military surveillance, terrorism, orconversion therapy and they should not use weapons in their professional or
personal capacities against people.
9.4 Social workers must act with integrity. This includes not abusing their positions of
power and relationships of trust with people that they engage with; they recognize
the boundaries between personal and professional life, and do not abuse theirpositions for personal material benefit or gain.
9.5 Social workers recognize that the giving and receiving of small gifts is a part ofthe social work and cultural experience in some cultures and countries. In suchsituations this should be referenced in the country’s code of ethics.
9.6 Social workers and their employers recognize the need to take steps to care forthemselves professionally and personally to prevent burnout and to enhance working
relationships and outcomes.
9.7 Social workers acknowledge that they are accountable for their actions to thepeople they work with, their colleagues, their employers, the professional
associations, and local, national and international laws and conventions, and thatthese accountabilities may conflict, which must be negotiated to minimize harm to all
persons. Decisions should always be informed by empirical evidence, practice
wisdom, and ethical, legal and cultural considerations. Social workers must be
prepared to be transparent about the reasons for their choices.
9.8 Social workers, and their employing bodies, work to create conditions in theirworkplace environments and in their countries, where the principles of this Statement
and those of their own national codes are discussed, evaluated and upheld. Social
workers and their employing bodies foster and engage in debate to facilitate ethicallyinformed decisions.

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