Newsletter

International Centre for Water
Hazard and Risk Management
under the auspices of UNESCO

Public Works Research InstituteNational Research andDevelopment Agency, Japan

Volume 16 No. 3
Issue No. 62
October 2021

Message from Executive Director
Shifting the world onto a sustainable and resilient path
The 2030 Agenda, adopted at
the United Nations Sustainable
Development Summit in September
2015, states: “We are determined totake the bold and transformative
steps which are urgently needed toshift the world onto a sustainable
and resilient path.”
To solve the confrontation between
the North and the South in discussions on the environment
Speech at the Closing Ceremony of JICA Knowledge
and development, a new conCo-Creation Program on “Flood Disaster Risk Reduction”
2020 on September 14, 2021
cept, “sustainable development,”
2020 年度 JICA 課題別研修「洪水防災」閉講式でのスピー
was introduced by the UN Worldチ（ICHARM にて 2021 年 9 月 14 日）
Commission on Environment andDevelopment, commonly known as the Brundtland Commission, in 1987. They
defined sustainable development as “development that meets the needs of thepresent without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.” Based on the discussions for a quarter of a century after the definition, theseventeen goals and indicators have been identified.
In the 1970s, psychology paid first attention to “resilience” as a concept to understand patients who are somehow able to lead an ordinary life even though they
have serious mental disorders and have to face severe adversities. In disaster-related
fields, resilience is defined as “the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recoverfrom or more successfully adapt to actual or potential adverse events.” Methods toevaluate communities’ resilience level are proposed by quantifying their abilities
to absorb the impact, adapt to changes, and transform themselves according tochanges or by integrating the temporal change of lost functions during the recovery
process of social functions lost in a disaster.
With regards to the relationship between resilience and sustainability, there is a
viewpoint that sustainability focuses on future outcomes in the long term, while
resilience focuses on the process of coping with events that one faces right at the
moment. Vulnerability, inclusiveness and transformability can be seen commonly inboth concepts. To make a design of the path for the world to take, it is essential tounderstand the interactions between sustainablity and resilience.
October 29, 2021
KOIKE Toshio
Executive Director of ICHARM

持続可能でレジリエントな道筋への移行
2015 年 9 月 の 国 連 持 続 可 能 な
開発サミットにおいて合意された2030 アジェンダの前文では、「我々は、世界を持続可能でレジリエントな道筋に移行させるために緊急必要な，大胆かつ変革的な手段をとることに決意している。
」と記されている。
環境と開発に関わる南北問題対立の解決の糸口を見出すために、「持続可能な開発」という新しい概念が、
1987 年に国連環境と開発に関する
世界委員会（通称、ブルントラント委員会）によって提示された。これは、「将来の世代のニーズを満たす
能力を損なうことなく、今日の世代のニーズを満たすような開発」と定義され、その後の四半世紀の議論を経て、17 の目標と達成状況の指標が定められるに至った。
重篤な精神障害で厳しい逆境に直面しながらも適応的に生活できる患者を理解する概念として、心理学の分野で「レジリエンス」が注目され始めたのは 1970 年代であった。災害分野では、「困難な事態に対して備え・計画し、影響を緩衝し、回復・適応する能力」と定義されている。
レジリエンスを計量する手法として
は、衝撃の吸収力、変化への適応力、状況の変化に対して自己変革する能力や、災害によって失われた社会の機能を回復していく過程で、その失われた機能を時間的に積分した値の定量化が提案されている。
持続可能性とレジリエンスの関連性については、持続可能性が比較的
時間軸を長くとって将来の成果に重点を置いているのに対し、レジリエ
ンスは直面している事象を対象としてその取り組み過程に重点を置いているという見方がある。一方、脆弱性、包摂性、変容可能性等、両者に共通して見られる特徴もある。移行
すべき道筋の設計とその実施において、持続可能性とレジリエンスの相互関連性の本質的理解が求められる。

Contents

Special Topics

3. ICHARM signed an MoU on joint research with WRRDC, Nepal / ネパールの水資源研究開発センター（WRRDC）との協定書の締結について

Research

4. Cooperation agreement on the improvement of IDRIS between Tsuruoka City and ICHARM / 山形県鶴岡市とのIDRIS に関する研究協力協定の締結

5. Program of e-learning Courses of HyDEPP-SATREPS / フィリピン共和国 HyDEPP-SATREPS プロジェクトにおいて e ラー
ニングを実施しました

7. Revision and use of “Collection of Critical Situations during Flood Emergency Response” / 水害対応ヒヤリ・ハット
事例集の更新と活用状況

8. Introduction of ICHARM research projects / 研究紹介
8. Shrestha Badri Bhakta, Research Specialist [How flood-control dam operation can effectively reduce disaster risk:
a case of Bago River Basin of Myanmar] / シュレスサ バドリ バクタ 専門研究員「How flood-control dam operation
can effectively reduce disaster risk: a case of Bago River Basin of Myanmar」

10. On the graduation of the 14th ICHARM master’s program students / 第 14 期修士課程学生の卒業
11. Impact of climate change, sea-level rise in Tongatapu, Ha’apai and its effect on livelihood, Tonga
12. Method for predicting the sediment runoff process due to heavy rainfall in the Yazagyo reservoir basin, Myanmar
13. A study on an integrated water resources management plan under climate change for Grand River North Westriver basin, Mauritius
14. Flood damage inspection method for public buildings in Malaysia
15. Impact assessment on extreme floods due to climate and social changes in the Amochu basin, Bhutan
16. Assessment of integrated water resources management under climate change in Wangchu basin, Bhutan
17. A study on the morphological characteristics of Dawki-Piyan river system in Bangladesh

Training & Education

17. Educational program updates / 研修活動報告
19. Action Reports from ICHARM Graduates
19. John Mathias KIRIWAI, Early Warning Systems Expert , UNDRR Consultant for AUC, UNDRR Regional Office for
AfricaInformation Networking

20. ICHARM co-organized two sessions at the Stockholm World Water Week 2021 / 2021 年ストックホルム世界水週間
で 2 つのセッションを共催しました

Coming Events

21. ICHARM plans to host the ICFM9 in February 2023 / 2023 年 2 月に ICHARM が ICFM9 を主催予定
21. Announcement of ICHARM Webinar 2021 - Interaction with Students and Young Researchers – / ICHARM Webinar
2021 の開催 － 学生・若手研究者との交流 －Miscellaneous

22. Comments from internship students / インターン生からのコメント
23. Publications / 発表論文リスト

Editor's Note / 編集後記

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ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

2

Special Topics

Special Topics

ICHARM signed an MoU on joint research with WRRDC, Nepal
ネパールの水資源研究開発センター（WRRDC）との協定書の締結について

ICHARM concluded a memorandum of understanding (MoU) regarding joint
research on water resilience and disasters with the Water Resources Research andDevelopment Centre (WRRDC) of Nepal. A kick-off meeting was held online on
August 3, 2021.

WRRDC is an institute under the Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigationof Nepal. The institute was established in 2015 with the aim of conducting researchand development in the water resource sector and providing job-related training forministry officials. Its research covers river management, landslides, irrigation,water-related disaster risk reduction, and so on.
The objective of this MoU is to promote collaborative research on water resilienceand disasters on the following cooperative themes:
1. 
Water-related disaster data archiving, sharing and statistics (Online Synthesis
System (OSS) for water-related SDGs and disaster resilience)
2. Observing, modeling, predicting and reducing water-related disaster risks (Floods
and droughts, Sediment disasters)

3. Monitoring and assessing water-related disaster risk changes (Climate change,
Society change)
4. Support for policymaking and community of practice (Disaster alarming, Hazard
mapping and contingency planning, Standardizing operation procedures)
5. Education and training (Expert training, Facilitator training)

At the kick-off meeting on August 3, the executive directors of WRRDC and ICHARM
signed the MoU and delivered a speech. Dr. Shrestha, the executive director of
WRRDC, expressed hope that this collaboration would support the achievement of
their goals related to the Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Frameworkfor Disaster Risk Reduction. Indicating that the linkage between science and policy is
the final goal, he also hoped that the collaboration will lead to reducing water-related disaster risks and building a water-resilient society.

Executive Director KOIKE Toshio of ICHARM pointed out in his speech that the fulluse of information technology would make it possible to integrate data and models,exchange scientific ideas and knowledge, and communicate deeply beyond various
disciplines. He therefore proposed “end-to-end science,” in which advanced twoway communication between the science community and society should bematerialized so that science can act beyond its territory and interact with society.
Following the executive directors’ speeches, the meeting participants introduced
themselves.
Since the MoU encompasses
wide-ranging themes suchas data sharing, ICHARM
hopes that this joint research
will proceed so that we can
support the promotion of“end-to-end science” andcontribute to enhancing
disasterresilienceandachievingsustainable
development.

Participants in the online kick-off meeting.
キックオフ会議の参加者

ICHARM は、ネパール国水資源研
究 開 発 セ ンター（Water Resources
Research and Development Center、
以下「WRRDC」）と水のレジリエンスと災害に関する共同研究の協定書を締結し、2021 年 8 月 3 日にキックオ
フ会議をオンラインで行いました。
WRRDC は、ネパール国のエネル
ギー・水資 源・灌 漑 省の下にあり、水資源分野の研究開発や省の職員に対する職務に関連するトレーニング
を行なうことを目的として、2015 年に設立されました。研究に関しては、
河川管理、地滑り、灌漑、水災害リ
スク軽減等を対象としています。
協定書は、水のレジリエンスと災害に関する共同研究の促進を目的としており、協力分野のテーマは以下のとおりです。
1. 水
 関連の災害データのアーカイブ、
共有、統計（水関連の SDGs と災
害レジリエンスのためのオンライン
統合システム（OSS））
2. 水 関連の災害リスクの観測、モデ
ル化、予測、及び削減（洪水と干ばつ、土砂災害）
3. 水
 関連の災害リスクの変化の監視と評価（気候変動、社会の変化）
4. 政 策立案とコミュニティの実践支援（災害警報、ハザードマップ作成と緊急時対応計画、運用の標準化）
5. 教
 育研修（専門家研修、ファシリ
テーター研修）
8 月 3 日の キックオフ会 議 で は、両センター 長 が協 定 書に署 名した
後、それぞれ挨拶が行われました。
WRRDC の Shrestha センター長からは、この協力関係が持続可能な開発
目標や仙台防災枠組みの達成につながることを期待しており、科学を政策に結び付けることが最終目標であり、協力関係が、水災害軽減や水災
害に対するレジリエントな社会の創造につながることを願っているとのお話がありました。ICHARM の小池俊雄センター長からは、情報科学技術を駆使することで、データやモデルを統合し科学的なアイディアや知識を交換し、分野を越えた深いコミュ
ニケーションが可能となる。このため科学コミュニティと社会の間の高度な双方向コミュニケーションを実現させ、科学がその領域を越えて行動し、社会と相互に影響しあう、「End
to End Science（一気 通貫の科学）」を提案したいとのお話がありました。
両センター長の挨拶の後、会議参加者による自己紹介が行われました。
今回締結された協定書ではデータ共有等テーマも多岐にわたっていることから、この共同研究を進めることにより「End to End Science」の推進を支援し、社会の災害への耐性強化と持続可能な開発の実現に貢献できればと思います。

(Written by ONUMA Katsuhiro)
3

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

Research

Research

Cooperation agreement on the improvement of IDRIS between Tsuruoka City and ICHARM
山形県鶴岡市との IDRIS に関する研究協力協定の締結
ICHARMは、近年、激甚化・頻発化する水災害に鑑み、水防災に関する情報の一元化を図り、地方自治体の防災担当者や住民間の水災害リスク
コミュニケーション、防災・減災活動を支援する「ICHARM災害情報共有システム（ICHARM Disaster Risk
Information System：IDRIS、イドリス）」を開発・改良してきました。研
究協定を結んでいる新潟県阿賀町及び岩手県岩泉町の協力を得ながら改良を進め、スマートフォンでも閲覧しやすいIDRISも完成に近づいています。ただ、現在のIDRISは水災害に特化したサイトであり、一般市民が日常生活で閲覧する自治体からの情報サ
イトとは異なります。そのため、一般市民がIDRISの存在を知り、アクセスする可能性は低いと考えられました。
そこで、一般市民が日常生活でサイトを閲覧した際、自然にIDRISが目に留まることが望ましいと考え、日常生活で用いられるアプリの一部にIDRISを埋め込む検討を進めていました。
その検討の過程で、山形県鶴岡市からIDRISのデジタル化による構造改革事業への参加の打診をいただきました。鶴岡市は、2020年度「SDGs 未来都市」に選定され、持続可能なまちづくりに向けた産官学連携による「デジタル化による構造改革事業（スマートシティ推進及びデジタルガバメ
ント構築）」を進めています。中山間地を中心に激甚化・頻発化する災害の実情を受け、平時の防災意識の向上および有事の的確な状況把握・避
難行動促進を実現するための防災・減災システムの構築は最重要課題の一つとして挙げられています。鶴岡市の求める防災分野のデジタル化に関するニーズとIDRISの技術シーズが合致したため、鶴岡市が進めるスマートシティ推進、及び、デジタルガバメン
ト構築の防災・減災部分への協力の打診がありました。
上記のような経 緯から、ICHARMと鶴岡市は、2021 年 8 月 6 日に「災害情報共有システムに係る技術開発に関する連携・協力協定」を締結し、
IDRIS の実装研究を行うこととしました（図）。IDRIS は、鶴岡市に関する様々な災害に関する情報や現地の状況を
１つのホームページにまとめる「災害情報ポータルサイト」になると同時に、鶴岡市民が日常生活で利用する WEB
サイトと親和性の高いサイトへ発展する予定です。

ICHARM has developed and been improving the ICHARM Disaster Risk Information
System (IDRIS), aiming to integrate various types of information on flood disasters,
which have become increasingly more frequent and intense in recent years, and also
support local governments and residents in improving risk communication between
them and promoting other efforts in disaster management. ICAHRM has been working on IDRIS in research collaboration with Aga Town, Niigata Prefecture, andIwaizumi Town, Iwate Prefecture, and is finally approaching the completion of thesystem, increasing accessibility for smartphone users.
However, because IDRIS specializes in flood disaster information, different fromother websites and applications attracting the general public for daily use, not many
people were expected to come to know about IDRIS and visit the site. Thinking thatsome kind of scheme was necessary to draw people’s attention, the development
team came up with one possibility: embedding IDRIS in popular smartphone
applications.
Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture, asked ICHARM to participate in its ongoingproject around that time. The city was selected as one of the “SDGs Future Cities” in
FY2020 and has since been promoting the structural reform project through digitaltransformation, including a smart city and a digital government, for creating a sustainable community through industry-government-academia collaboration.
Since many reports have pointed out that disasters will occur more frequently andbecome more intensified in mountainous areas, Tsuruoka City prioritizes increasing
public awareness of disaster prevention in normal times and installing disaster management systems to help residents get better informed about the situation and takeproper action for safe evacuation. ICHARM realized that its research and technological development could fulfill the needs of the city, which was looking for ways topromote the digitalization of disaster management, and decided to accept the city’srequest to join their effort.
For these reasons, ICHARM and Tsuruoka City concluded a research cooperationagreement on developing a disaster information sharing system on August 6, 2021
(Figure). IDRIS will not only be a portal website providing various types of disaster
information and field conditions from different sources but also have a high affinity
with websites frequently accessed by residents in Tsuruoka City.

Overview of a research cooperation agreement on developing a disaster information sharing system
災害情報共有システムに係る技術開発に関する連携・協力協定の概要(Written by DENDA Masatoshi)
ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

4

Research

Program of e-learning courses of HyDEPP-SATREPS
フィリピン共和国 HyDEPP-SATREPS プロジェクトにおいて e ラーニングを実施しました
ICHARM is currently leading “The Project for Development of a Hybrid Water-Related
Disaster Risk Assessment Technology for Sustainable Local Economic Development
Policy under Climate Change in the Republic of the Philippines (HyDEPP)” under the
Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS), which started on June 3, 2021, in the Philippines. As part of the project,
ICHARM conducted an e-learning program from July 14 to August 26, 2021. Thise-learning program aimed to share the knowledge and skills necessary to carry out
the 5-year long HyDEPP-SATREPS project. The participants were primarily the
researchers and students of cooperative universities such as the University ofPhilippines (UP) Los Baños, UP Diliman, UP Mindanao, and Nagoya University.
The participants downloaded course materials and took exams on the “Online
Synthesis System for Sustainability and Resilience (OSS-SR),” an online system developed on the Data Integration and Analysis System (DIAS). The e-learning program
consisted of three courses: 1) basic lectures, including ones on hydrology, climatechange, and flood hazard and disaster risk reduction (DRR) in Japan; 2) tutorials onflood hazard mapping and risk assessment, including ones on flood simulation using
the rainfall-runoff-inundation (RRI) model, data management on DIAS, 2D/3D flood
hazard mapping using QGIS and Google Earth, and hazard and risk assessment ofcommunity; and 3) lectures and tutorials on hydro-agriculture-economic models,
including lectures on an advanced hydrological model (the WEB-RRI model), an
agricultural model, and an economic model, and a tutorial on satellite image analysis(see Table for more details).
Details of e-learning courses and lecturers
e ラーニング各コースの内容

5

ICHARMは、JICA・JSTの「地球規模課題対応国際科学技術協力プログラ
ム (SATREPS) 」の研究プロジェクト「
気候変動下での持続的な地域経済発
展への政策立案のためのハイブリッ
ド 型 水 災 害リスク評 価 の 活 用（ 略称：HyDEPP-SATREPS）」を実施しています。本プロジェクトは、今年6月3日に5か年プロジェクトとして対象国であるフィリピン共和国内で開始されており、プロジェクト推進に向けた知見の共有を目的として、7月14日から8月27日にかけてeラーニングを実施しました。受講者は、現地側のプロジェ
クト参画機関であるフィリピン大学ロスバニョス校（UPLB）、フィリピン大学
フィリピン
ディリマン校（UP Diliman)、
大学ミンダナオ校（UP Mindanao）、名
古屋大学の研究者や学生などです。
受講者は、DIAS (Data Integration
and Analysis System）上で開発した
OSS-SRシステム（Online Synthesis
System for Sustainability and
Resilience）を用いて、日本側プロ
ジェクトメンバーが作成した教材のダウンロードや学習、試験の受験を行いました。eラーニングは大きく分けて3つのコースから成り、それぞれ
次のような構成となっています。1つ目は 基礎的なレクチャーであり、水文学や気候変動、そして日本における防災・減災の取り組みについて網羅しま
した。2つ目は洪水ハザードマッピン
グとリスクアセスメントの演習で、RRI
モデルを用いた洪水氾濫解析、QGIS
システムを用いた2次元ハザードマッ
プ作成、Google Earthを用いた3次元
ハザードマップ作成、それらを活用したコミュニティーのリスクアセスメン
ト、さらにはDIAS上でのデータマネ
ジメントを学びました。そして3つ目
は水文-農業-経済モデルのレクチャーおよびチュートリアルで、水・エネル
ギー収支降雨流出氾濫モデル（WEBRRIモデル）や作物生育シミュレーショ
ンモデル（SIMRIW）、そして経済成長予測モデルについての基礎を学び、加えてGoogle Earth Engineを用いた衛星画像解析のチュートリアルも行いました（表）。
eラーニング実施期間中には全6回のオンラインセッションが開催されました。1回目は7月14日にオープニン
グセッションとして全89名の参加のもと開催され、eラーニング開催にあたっての挨拶とコース1の説明が行われました（図）。2回目から5回目は、各コースのQ&Aセッションおよび次のコースの紹介として開催されました。2回目（コース1のQ&Aおよびコース2の説明）には76名、3回目（RRIモデル
による氾濫解析のQ&A）には54名、4回目（コース2のQ&Aおよびコース3の紹介）には55名、5回目（コース3のQ&A）には48名が参加しました。それ
ぞれのQ&Aセッションでは多くの質問があり、活発な議論が展開されました。6回目のクロージングセッション
は、8月26日に61名が参加して開催され、修了者には修了証明書が授与されました。

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

Research
コースの受講者数はコース1が82
名、コース2が79名、コース3が78名でした。コース1とコース3の修了要件
は試験で80％以上正解すること（試
験は何度でも受験可能）、コース2は
RRIモデルによる氾濫解析・ハザード
マップの作成及びそれらを用いたコ
ミュニティーのリスクアセスメントを行い、レポート課題として提出すること、としました。最終的に59名がコー
ス1を、49名がコース2を、そして55名
がコース3をそれぞれ修了しました。
また、49名が全3コースを修了しました。
クロージングセッションでは、各コースの修了者に修了証明書が授与され（証明書は後日、電子形式にて送付）、
また3名がコース2の成績優秀者として表彰されました。
本eラーニングで培った知見・スキ
ルが、受講者の今後のキャリアにおいて役立つとともに、HyDEPP-SATREPS
プロジェクト遂行においても大いに役立つことが期待されます。

During the e-learning program, six online sessions, including opening and closing
ceremonies, were also held. The first session was held on July 14, 2021, for the opening session and the introduction of the first e-learning course, attended by 89
participants. Figure shows the group photo of the opening session participants.
Session 2 was held on July 21 and attended by 76 participants, answering questions
on the first e-learning course and introducing the second e-learning course. Fiftyfour participants attended Session 3 on July 28, in which they discussed issues on the
RRI model they learned in the second e-learning course. In Session 4, held on August
2, 55 participants gathered and discussed issues on the second e-learning course
and moved on to the introduction of the third e-learning course. Session 5 took
place on August 6 with 48 participants, in which e-learning participants asked questions about the third e-learning course. Finally, in Session 6 on August 26, the closing
ceremony and the certificate distribution were held with 61 participants.
The number of registered participants was 82 for Course-1, 79 for Course-2, and 78
for Course-3. After finishing the e-learning lectures and tutorials, the participants
were required to take online exams and score at least 80% to complete Course-1
and Course-3 successfully. To pass Course-2, the participants needed to submit areport on RRI model simulation results including 2D/3D flood hazard mapping andrisk assessment. At the end of the e-learning program, 59 participants completed
Course-1; 49 and 55 completed Course-2 and Course-3, respectively. The number ofparticipants who completed all three courses was 49. The certificate of completionfor each course was given at the closing ceremony on August 26 to all participants
who passed the courses. Three participants, whose assignment report for Course-2
was evaluated to be the best among all the submitted reports, were also presented
with the “Best Assignment Award” during the ceremony.
It is truly hoped that the skills and knowledge acquired through this e-learning program will be useful for the participants in their careers and in conducting activities in
HyDEPP-SATREPS.

Group photo of opening session of HyDEPP-SATREPS e-learning program
オープニングセッションでのグループ写真撮影(Written by Shrestha Badri Bhakta and NAITO Kensuke)

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

6

Research

Revision and use of “Collection of Critical Situations during Flood Emergency
Response”
水害対応ヒヤリ・ハット事例集の更新と活用状況
ICHARM では、昨今の全国的な水ICHARM published a booklet entitled “Collection of Critical Situations during
Flood Emergency Response” on its homepage in June 2020, aiming to improve the 害の頻発を鑑み、地方自治体の災害対応力の向上を目指して、2020 年 6
emergency response capacities of local governments and promote more effective 月から、
「水害対応ヒヤリ・ハット事
management of flood disasters, which have occurred frequently across Japan in 例集」をホームページで公開していrecent years. Defining critical situations as ones in which local government officers ます。この事例集は、水害対応におpanic, do not know what to do, cannot make a decision, are confused, struggle in いて、職員が「困る・焦る・戸惑う・
迷う・悩む」などの状況に陥る事例を
dilemma, etc., during an emergency response effort, this collection introduces typ- 「水害対応ヒヤリ・ハット事例」としical critical situations from the review reports of past flood disasters. Also provided て新たに定義し、地方自治体が公表
with the booklet is the “Appendix for local government response under COVID-19,” している過去の水害での災害対応検証報告書などからこれらの事例を抽
which lists possible critical situations and necessary countermeasures during flood 出し、冊子「地方自治体編」としてemergency response under COVID-19.
取りまとめたものです。また、別冊のCurrently, the latest version (as of June 2021) is available on ICHARM’s homepage(https://www.pwri.go.jp/icharm/special_topic/20200625_flood_response_collection_e.html). The booklet has been updated according to the revised Disaster
Countermeasures Basic Act, enforced on May 20, 2021, to reflect the revision that
evacuation advisories were abolished into evacuation orders. Along with this revision, the national disaster prevention basic plan was also revised on May 25, 2021.
The plan’s revisions include not only the amendments related to the revised Disaster
Countermeasures Basic Act but also the amendments concerning disaster response
under the risk of COVID-19. The “Appendix for local government response under
COVID-19” was also updated to explain the revisions of the national disaster prevention basic plan.
The booklet has been well received by people around the world. From its publicationin June 2020 to the end of September 2021, the Japanese version on the web had
6,669 accesses, and the English version had 1,261 accesses. Lectures and training
using the booklet have been provided upon request. On July 7, Senior Researcher
OHARA Miho introduced the booklet to the mayors of 14 local governments andthe officers of related organizations, who are members of the disaster reduction
council for large-scale floods along the Natori River and the lower reaches of the
Abukuma River in the Tohoku region. On September 9, she provided online training
to about 20 employees of the Tokyo National Highway Office of the Kanto Regional
Development Bureau, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. On
October 6, she also provided training to the officersof Toyota City in Aichi
Prefecture,
which
has
signed an agreement ofresearch cooperation with
the Public Works ResearchInstitute. About 80 officers
participated in the faceto-face event with someothers online. ICHARM willcontinue disseminating thebooklet to help enhance
Photo at the training to the officers of Toyota City
豊田市役所職員への研修での写真
thedisaster
response
capacity of local government officers.

「新型コロナウイルス感染症への対応編」では、新型コロナウイルスの感染が懸念される中での水害発生を想定し、起こりうる事例と望ましい対策を各ページで紹介しています。
現 在、 ホームページ で は、2021
年 6 月時点で更新したバージョンの事 例 集 を 公 開して いま す（https://www.pwri.go.jp/icharm/special_
topic/20200625_flood_response_collection_j.html）。 日本 で は 2021
年 5 月 20 日に改正された災害対策基本法が施行され、従来の避難勧告が廃止され、避難指示に一本化されました。これに伴い、事例集の記載につきまして、本改正を反映させた更新を行いました。また、これに伴い、2021 年 5 月 25 日に国の防災基本計
画が修正されました。この修正においては、災害対策基本法の改正点の反映のみならず、新型コロナウイルス
感染症への対応に関する修正も行わ
本事例集の別冊「新れました。よって、型コロナウイルス感染症への対応編」
は、これらの防災基本計画に記載された災害対応を紹介する紙面として更新を行いました。
2020 年 6 月の公開開始から 2021
年 9 月末までに、事例集の日本語版
冊子のページには 6,669 件、英語版
冊子のページには 1,261 件のアクセスがあり、多くの方々にご活用いた
だいているようです。また、依頼に応じて、本事例集に関する講演や研修の提供も行っています。7 月 7 日には東北地方の名取川・阿武隈川下流
等大規模氾濫時の減災対策協議会
にて、協議会に参画している 14 の自治体の首長や防災担当部局、関連機関向けの講 演を行いました。9 月 9日には、国土交通省関東地方整備局
東京国道事務所職員約 20 名へのオンライン研修を提供しました。10 月
6 日には、土木研究所と連携・協力協定を締結している愛知県豊田市において、職員向けの研修を市役所で実施し、対面で約 80 名が参加するとともに、オンラインでの配信も行われました。今後も引き続き、普及に向けた活動を行っていく予定です。

(Written by OHARA Miho)

7

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

Research

Introduction of ICHARM research projects / 研究紹介
ICHARM は、その使命を果たすため、
世界及び地域での災害の傾向及び経験と災害対応に関する地域のニーズ、重要課題、開発段階等を踏まえつつ、自然、
社会及び文化といった地域の多様性を考慮する原則というローカリズムを念頭に、研究、能力育成及び情報ネット
ワーク構築の 3 本柱を有機的に連携させて、現地実践活動を実施しています。
そのうち、研究としては(1) 水災害データの収集、保存、共有、
統計化(2) 水災害リスクのアセスメント(3) 水災害リスクの変化のモニタリン
グと予測(4) 水災害リスク軽減の政策事例の提示、評価と適用支援(5) 防災・減災の実践力の向上支援の 5 つの柱のもと、革新的な研究活動を行っています。
本号で は、 シュレスサ バドリ バク
タ 専 門 研 究 員 の「How flood-control
dam operation can effectively reduce
disaster risk: a case of Bago River Basin
of Myanmar」を紹介します。

ICHARM sets three principal areas of activity: research, capacity building, and information network. It plans and implements projects in these areas in order to fulfill its mission, always
keeping in mind “localism”, a principle with which we respect local diversity of natural, socialand cultural conditions, being sensitive to local needs, priorities, development stage, etc.,
within the context of global and regional experiences and trends of disasters.
At present, ICHARM conducts innovative research in the following five major areas:(1) Water-related disaster data archiving, sharing and statistics(2) Risk assessment on water-related disasters(3) Monitoring and forecasting water-related disaster risk changes(4) Support through proposal, evaluation and application of policies for water disasterrisk reduction(5) Support for improving the capacity to practice disaster prevention and mitigation
This issue introduces a researcher as listed below:
Shrestha Badri Bhakta, Research Specialist

How flood-control dam operation can effectively reduce disaster risk: a case of Bago River
Basin of Myanmar

How flood-control dam operation can effectively reduce disaster risk: acase of Bago River Basin of Myanmar
Shrestha Badri Bhakta, Research Specialist
シュレスサ

バドリ

バクタ

専門研究員

Recently floods have caused a greater impact on society because of the increasingly growing population and further development in river basins as well as the increasing frequency and scale of extreme flood events [1]. To reduce flood impact,
effective preventive measures should be planned and implemented in river basins. The impact of floods can be reduced
through non-structural or structural approaches and more effectively by combining both approaches. However, the efficient
implementation of preventive measures requires the quantitative assessment of flood risk [2]. Human-made structures suchas dams and reservoirs in a river basin play important roles in risk assessment, and for effective implementation of preventive
measures, it is essential to assess flood hazard and risk more reliably considering various factors, including the effects ofdams and reservoirs [2]. Though essential, the effect of dams on flood hazard and risk assessment is often ignored becauseof limited data on dams and reservoirs in developing countries, such as dam operation functions and reservoir storage volumes. In this context, this article presents an example of how dam operation for flood control can effectively reduce disaster
risk, focusing on the Bago River Basin (BRB) of Myanmar. The discussions in this article
are based on the results reported in Shrestha and Kawasaki [2]. We quantitatively evaluated the effectiveness of the flood-control dam operation of Zaung Tu Dam (ZTD), which
has the largest storage capacity in the BRB, and discussed the importance of using existing facilities (e.g., dams and reservoirs) for flood control to improve disaster risk
reduction.
The BRB is located in lower Myanmar, which is one of the most flood-prone river basinsin Myanmar (Figure 1), and floods often cause damage to residential and agricultural
sectors in the basin. The study basin catchment covers an area of 5,245 km2, and themain river is about 331 km long. The annual average rainfall at the Bago station is about
3,300 mm with the wet season from May to October [3]. The ZTD with a reservoir capacity of 407 × 106 m3 for electric power generation was constructed in the BRB in 1996.

Figure 1 Location of the Bago River Basinin Myanmar and the topographical distribution in the study area.

To assess flood risk, flood characteristics were computed using the Rainfall–Runoff–Inundation (RRI) model, and flood damage
was estimated by integrating the flood characteristics, flood damage curves, exposure characteristics, and property values. In
the risk assessment, flood damage was assessed by focusing on flood damage to residential buildings, assets (building
contents), and agricultural sectors with and without considering discharge control at the ZTD for flood events with different
return periods. The details of the methodology can be found in Shrestha and Kawasaki [2]. The main purpose of the ZDT ishydropower generation, and after the severe flood damage in 2011, the Department of Hydropower Generation Enterpriseand the Department of Hydropower Implementation started to store floodwater in the reservoir of the ZTD during the rainyseason. During the 2018 flood event, a large amount of water was stored in the reservoir, and the maximum outflow discharge from the dam during the rainy season was in the range of 400–600 m3/s in recent floods. According to observed dam
storage data for recent floods, the ZTD has a free storage capacity of more than 200 × 106 m3 at the beginning of the rainyseason. This available dam storage capacity could be used effectively for flood control to reduce the hazard and the damage
ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

8

Researchin the downstream areas. Therefore, the effectiveness of the ZTD was evaluated utilizing the current capacity of dam storage
that can be used for flood control. The flood hazard and the resulting damage were assessed for different outflow discharge
control rates such as 400, 500, 600, and 700 m3/s. The effects of the dam on flooding were simulated using the RRI model,
considering the parameters of (i) outflow discharge and (ii) maximum flood storage volume (200 × 106 m3).
Figure 2 shows the damage-probability curves for buildings with and without outflow discharge control at the ZTD. The
expected annual damage (EAD) was calculated by integrating the area under the damage-probability curve. The estimated
EAD for buildings with and without outflow discharge control at the ZTD was 31.4 and 60.5 billion kyats, respectively. Figure
3 shows the damage-probability curves for assets (building contents) with and without outflow discharge control at the ZTD.
The estimated EAD for assets with and without outflow discharge control at the ZTD was approximately 3.3 and 9.3 billion
kyats, respectively. The EAD reduction in building damage when considering outflow discharge control at the ZTD is 29.1
billion kyats (approximately 48% of the building damage without discharge control at the ZTD). In the case of asset damage,it is approximately 6 billion kyats (approximately 64% of the asset damage without discharge control at the ZTD).

Figure 3 Damage-probability curves for assets damage with (discharge control
rate: 500 m3/s) and without flood-control dam operation at the ZTD [2].

Figure 2 Damage-probability curves for building damage with (discharge control rate: 500 m3/s) and without flood-control dam operation at the ZTD [2].

Figure 4 shows the damage-probability curves for agricultural damage(rice crops) with and without outflow discharge control at the ZTD. The
estimated EAD for agricultural damage with and without discharge control
at the ZTD was 5.1 and 5.8 billion kyats, respectively. The EAD reduction inagricultural damage when considering outflow discharge control at the
ZTD is 0.7 billion kyats (approximately 12% of the agricultural damage
without discharge control at the ZTD).
The estimated damage with and without the use of the dam for flood
control suggests that the dam operation for flood control can significantly
reduce the damage in downstream areas. In the case of the BRB, thereduction in flood damage to residential buildings and assets by using the Figure 4 Damage-probability curves for agricultural damage
ZTD for flood control is comparatively larger than the reduction in flood (rice crops) with (discharge control rate: 500 m3/s) and without
flood-control dam operation at the ZTD [2].
damage to agricultural products. In the BRB, most residential buildings arelocated along the main Bago River and are directly affected by river water overflowing from the main Bago River. The use of
the ZTD for flood control can significantly reduce the discharge in the main river and greatly decrease damage to residentialbuildings and assets in downstream areas. However, large paddy areas located in the low-lying areas of the BRB are affected
not only by floods from the main Bago River but also by floods from its tributaries and inland flooding. Dams and reservoirs
can store a large volume of water, thereby (i) altering the magnitude of the flood discharge downstream, (ii) changing theform of the exceedance probability of discharge, and (iii) reducing the discharge rates significantly [2]. Therefore, for theproper assessment of flood hazards and damage in a river basin with a dam, the effects of the dam must be considered inflood hazard analysis. Flood hazards and damage in downstream areas may be reduced by storing floodwater in the reservoir
of a dam. The construction of new dams and embankments requires a huge amount of investment, and it might be a challenging task in many developing countries in Asia. However, if we can effectively use the current capacity of existing dams ina basin, it may be possible to significantly reduce damage in downstream areas and contribute to disaster risk reduction.
References:[1] B.B. Shrestha, E.D.P. Perera, S. Kudo, M. Miyamoto, Y. Yamazaki, D. Kuribayashi, H. Sawano, T. Sayama, J. Magome, A. Hasegawa, T.
Ushiyama, Y. Iwami, Y. Tokunaga, Assessing flood disaster impacts in agriculture under climate change in the river basins of Southeast
Asia, Natural Hazards, vol.97, pp.157-192, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03632-1.
[2] B.B. Shrestha, A. Kawasaki, Quantitative assessment of flood risk with evaluation of the effectiveness of dam operation for flood
control: A case of the Bago River Basin of Myanmar, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol.50, 101707, 2020. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101707.
[3] W.W. Zin, A. Kawasaki, S. Win, River flood inundation mapping in the Bago River Basin, Myanmar, Hydrological Research

Letters, vol.9, no.4, pp.97–102, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3178/hrl.9.97.
9ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

Research

On the graduation of the 14th ICHARM master’s program students
第 14 期修士課程学生の卒業
2021 年 9 月 15 日、第 14 期修士課程プログラムの学位記授与式が行われ、7 名の学生が「修士（防災政策）」を取得し、帰国の途につきました。国別内訳は、バングラデシュ
1 名、ブータン 2 名、マレーシア 1 名、ミャンマー 1 名、モーリシャス 1 名、トンガ 1 名でした。この修士課程プ
ログラムは、大学卒業後、各国の行政機関等において河川行政等の経験を有する者を対象に、JICA の支援の も と GRIPS と ICHARM が 共 同 で運営しているものであり、1 年間で修士号を取得します。
今 回 第 14 期 生 は、COVID-19 の影響を色濃く受けることになりました。2020 年 10 月 1 日 に 開 始 さ れた洪水防災学コースですが、入学
式の後 2 週間は e-learning を行い、実際の講義開始は 10 月後半になりました。さらに、スケジュール調整
等により講義日程も後ろ倒しになり、講義日程が終わるのも通常より1 ヶ月遅れることになりました。また、学生たちの来日も大幅に遅れました。第 1 陣でバングラデシュ、マレーシア、ミャンマーの女性の学生
3 名が 10 月 29 日に来日、第 2 陣でブータンの 2 名が 11 月 10 日に来日、それぞれ 2 週間の隔離期間を経て通学を始め、face to face で研修を行うことができたのは基本的にこの 5 名になりました。そして最後にモーリシャスの 1 名が 8 月 12 日に来日、トンガの学生はついに最後まで来日が叶いませんでした。この 2名の学生は全期間においてリモート講義を受けることになりました。コ
ロナ禍における緊急事態宣言の発出のため通学制限を受ける期間があり、カリキュラムの中の現地研修の多くが中止となりました。
このような制限下ではありましたが、学生と指導教員の努力の結果、レベルの高い研究結果が得られたと感じています。彼らの研究課題は業務に根ざしたものであり、明確な問題意識に向かって努力を重ねることができたと感じています。また、困難な条件下でも最後までモチベー
ションを失うことなく、充実した修士論文を完成できたことは素晴らし
い経験になったと思います。帰国後は、研修で得た知識・技術や論文研究で得た成果を活用し、組織の中でリーダーとなって大いに活躍されることを期待しています。
卒業時に、ICHARM、GRIPS、JICA
は、学生の優れた業績に対して賞を授与します。今年の各表彰は次のように授与されました。
Best Research Award:
KOWLESSER Akshay Prakash, from
Mauritius
SONTOKU Award:
Zangpo Jamyang, from Bhutan

On September 15, 2021, the graduation ceremony of the 14th ICHARM master’s
program “Water-related Disaster Management Course of Disaster Management
Policy Program” was held. Seven students, one each from Bangladesh, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Mauritius, Tonga, and two from Bhutan, graduated and then left Japan for
their home countries. This one-year program, operated by ICHARM and GRIPS withsupport from JICA, is designed primarily for those who hold a bachelor’s degree andhave work experience related to river management at government organizations intheir countries.
The worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 had a significant impact on the class of 20202021. The course began on October 1, 2020. Still, after the opening ceremony, thestudents were forced to study through an e-learning system for two weeks. The
in-person classes finally began in late October. Further, the classes were rescheduled
to later dates, about one month later than initially planned, as accommodated to thelecturers’ and other unusual circumstances. The students were not able to come to
Japan as scheduled. Three female students from Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Myanmar
were the first to arrive on October 29. Two Bhutanese followed on November 10.
They finally came to ICHARM after a two-week quarantine. Only five of the sevenstudents were in face-to-face classes throughout the year. The student from
Mauritius could finally come to Japan on August 12, 2021, but the student from
Tonga could not join the rest of the class at all. The last two students had to attend
all the classes remotely from home countries. The declaration of a state of emergency sometimes interrupted students coming to ICHARM, and many field trips plannedin the curriculum had to be canceled.
In such a difficult condition,
the students accomplishedgood research results withdedicated support fromsupervisors. Since they
selected a research themefrom the issues they foundin their duties, they could
focus their effort on theirresearch. They were able tokeep themselves highly
motivated throughout the
JICA Closing ceremonyprogram and completed a
JICA 閉講式にてsubstantial master thesis
under this difficult condition. Going through all these should give them a lot of
confidence. All faculty members and staff hope that they will utilize the knowledge
and techniques they acquired and the research outputs they produced for theircountries as project leaders.
At the time of graduation each year, ICHARM, GRIPS and JICA present awards tosome selected students for their outstanding work and performance. This year’sawards went to the following students:
Best Research Award:
KOWLESSER Akshay Prakash, from Mauritius
SONTOKU Award:
Zangpo Jamyang, from Bhutan

主任研究員
GRIPS 連携教授
牛山朋來ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

USHIYAMA Tomoki
Senior Researcher
Adjunct Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
10Research

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, SEA-LEVEL RISE IN TONGATAPU, HA’APAI
AND ITS EFFECT ON LIVELIHOOD, Tonga
Tevita Aho, from Tonga
Civil Engineer / Building and Services Division / Ministry of InfrastructureThis work focuses on Storm
Surge in Tongatapu andHa’apai island in the Kingdomof Tonga aiming at the impactof the climate change. Firstly,
we simulated storm surge aswell as inland flow caused by
the cyclone Harold to evaluate Xbeach storm surge model
for Tongatapu and Ha’apai
andRainfall-RunoffInundation
model
for
Tongatapu only. The Xbeachmodel successfully simulated A black line is bed level, a green line is the wave height of storm surge in past climate, a red line is wave height inthe storm surge in a part of future climate, pink line is wave height in future climate plus sea level rise. The vertical lines show the location of coastand inundation extent.
thenorthern
coast
in
Tongatapu, and in the west coast of Ha’apai island, consistent with disaster reports. Secondly, we simulated storm
surge driven by climatological extreme wind in 50 year returning period in the past and future climate determined by
d4PDF. We also consider the effect of sea level rise obtained from Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a
Changing Climate (SROCC). We found that the storm surge would decrease in the future due to decreasing extreme
wind speed. 1.105-meter sea level rise in the future offset and caused 5cm increasing inundation by storm surge. This
result suggests the increase of storm surge risk in the future.
Key words: Climate Change, Rainfall-runfall-inundation (RRI) Model, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS), Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), Inundation.
I would like to thank the Heavenly Father for the great opportunity he has granted me.
An experience from a far, I won’t lie about it, things has been very challenging mostly when your lecturers are notthere with you or even your classmates to share the heavy loads of studying. However, with God in it nothing is impossible and here I am still managed to get through with things and I am grateful for it.
This academic experience has taught me a lot and have helped not only myself but also my country The Kingdom of
Tonga.
As a Master student pursuing a research on “IMPACT OF CLIMATECHANGE, SEA-LEVEL RISE IN TONGATAPU, HA’APAI AND ITSEFFECT ON LIVELIHOOD” it is quite an experience. Learning new things,
discovering new ideas on how climate changes can be handled, runningmodels that may of good use in my country and developing unique ideas on
how to maintain this issue in my country.
In reaching the destination for this academic journey, I would like tothank all my lectures for all the help that they have shown me since day
1 and for not easily giving up on me. To all my supervisors Professor
Tomoki Sensei, Professor KOIKE Sensei and Professor SUGAHARA
Masaru Sensei for all the support throughout my journey. To all that hascontributed academically to this study, Professor MORI Sensei, Professor
SHIMURA Sensei and Professor Rasmy Mohamed Sensei knowing forsure that without all the efforts I won’t be able to transform this dreaminto reality. Thank you very much.
Academic experience from a far is not something that should hold you
back from fulfilling your dream. Keep striving for excellence.
THANK YOU!
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ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

Research

METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE SEDIMENT RUNOFF PROCESS DUE TO
HEAVY RAINFALL IN THE YAZAGYO RESERVOIR BASIN, MYANMAR
Aye Mon Khaing, from Myanmar
Special Sub-Assistant Engineer / Irrigation and Water Utilization Management Department / Ministry ofAgriculture, Livestock and Irrigation

In July 2015, the Yazagyo Dam reservoir experienced a huge amountof sediment deposition due to the heavy rainfall caused by cyclone
Komen. The reservoir lost 49.4% of its storage capacity from its initialstate (64 million m³) to (32.4 million m³) within that year due to sediment deposition in the reservoir. This study predicted and evaluatedsediment inflow rate along the river course and at the reservoir usinga rainfall-runoff-inundation-based sediment transport model tomanage reservoir sedimentation to last the long-life span of the dam.
As a result of evaluating three cases of modeling with different sediment size distributions, the dam sedimentation due to the cyclone
was reproduced when we employed the finest sediment size distribution. In addition, we found that 70% of sediment comes from
Tributary-1, which implies an efficiency of countermeasures as thebuilding of a check dam or other proper methods for this tributaryand could expect 5 to 10 million m³ sediment deposition into thereservoir annually.
Keywords: Sediment Runoff, Dam sedimentation, Landslide, YazagyoDam, Heavy rainfall

Result target locations

The main objective of my thesis is to predict and estimate sediment inflow
volume in the reservoir of Yazagyo dam with the help of RRIS (RRI-based basin
sediment transport model). By using the RRIS model, we can get the results
such as sediment inflow, bed-load, suspended load sediment, changing of river
bed elevation, shear stress friction between sediment size and river bed, andsediment armoring, based upon sediment budget from supply sources of thegrain size distribution. This study considered three cases depending on the different grain size distribution and supply sediment sources from divergent locations, and patterns and focused on results at five locations such as tributary-1,
tributary-2, tributary-3, middle of the river course, and reservoir location. According to the field observed andcomputed by the RRIS model result, we can expect 5 to 10 million m³ sediment deposition into the Yazagyo reservoir
annually. According to the model results, 70% of all of the sediment rates from the tributary-1, 20% from tributary-2, and 10% from tributary-3 supplied into the reservoir. Tributary-1 is the major sediment source located in thelandslide areas, Chin hill. According to the computation results, the construction of a check dam upstream of thereservoir is the most beneficial result to reduce the sediment that comes to the reservoir, and we can keep the checkdam function. This thesis aims to reduce the reservoir sedimentation as the building of a check dam at the proper
location and to manage the sediment by slicing, flushing, dry excavation, and to last the long life span of the dam. In
my opinion, this research is beneficial for my department (IWUMD) and my country, Myanmar to control and manage
reservoir sedimentation in the future. I appreciate my professor and supervisors’ support for everything andkindness.

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Research

A STUDY ON AN INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN
UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE FOR GRAND RIVER NORTH WEST RIVER
BASIN, MAURITIUS
KOWLESSER Akshay Prakash, from Mauritius
Officer / Land Drainage Authority / Land Drainage Authority

Mauritius experiences frequent flood and drought damage due to high variation in rainfall patterns, urbanization, andlack of investment in disaster risk reduction measures. The lack of integrated water resource management (IWRM)
plans and threats due to climate change and rapid urbanization make Mauritius more exposed to increased risks inthe near future. In this study, the catchment of Grand River North West (GRNW) was selected as a case study to investigate the implementation of an IWRM plan to address the challenges of water security and disaster management for
the island. The study contained four main components: (i) climatology analysis for the past (2003–2018) and futureclimate (2025–2040) to assess the trends in floods and droughts under climate change, (ii) the development of ahydrological model to study the hydrological responses of the basin for extreme flooding events, (iii) a GIS-based
flood risk model to develop a risk map and damage evaluation framework, and (iv) a formulation of policies based on
the results coupled with the pressure and release (PAR) model. The results showed that an annual decrease in rainfall
amount (~ 4%–15%) is projected with very high certainty in the near future, while extreme rainfall events exceeding
50 mm/day have a high likelihood of increasing. Due to the water and energy budget rainfall-runoff inundation (WEBRRI) hydrological model coupled with a GIS-based risk model, the inundation damage to buildings and farmlands for
future extreme events doubled. A vulnerability map for the basin was thus developed based on nine indicators to aid
decision making at the village council area (VCA) level and guide financial investments for drought and flood mitigation measures. Finally, recommendations were made based on the PAR model to scale up the IWRM plan for GRNW
at a national scale. The study established an end-to-end approach, including scientific, engineering, and socio-economic assessments, to enable evidence-based decision making.
Keywords: climate change, flood, drought, General Circulation Models, WEB-RRI.

Vulnerability nap

Research framework

My research was centered around developing an integrated water management plan under a changing climate for
Mauritius. By using the state-of-the-art climate model tools available through ICHARM, I was able to determine
future climatic trends that will affect Mauritius in the near future with high certainty. Drought conditions that havebeen prevalent in the past 2 decades were seen to perpetuate in the future and these would mean devastating implications to the scarce freshwater resources on the island. On the other hand, high rainfall extreme events were also
deemed to be likely to happen in the next 2 decades. Therefore, by further combining the results of the climate
model with the WEB-RRI hydrological model and a GIS based risk model, policies were drawn based on the evidence
to aid decision making for climate change impacts mitigation. This research established key urgent areas of action fora sustainable and judicious water management and flood risk reduction. This thesis was a great learning
experience to further my interest in water related studies by learning from professionals of the field.
This one-year master’s course has also been a peculiar one due to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Having
had to spend most of the program following the courses remotely, the distance was never felt due tothe laudable work undertaken by the staff of ICHARM. This master’s course has not only given me valuable technical tools as a professional but also made me grow considerably as a person throughout thisyear. I should hope that the strong bonds and network established throughout this year sustain in the
future.
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ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

Research

FLOOD DAMAGE INSPECTION METHOD FOR PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN
MALAYSIA
Norain binti Osman, from Malaysia
Senior Civil Engineer / Building Maintenance & Facilities Branch / Public Works Department (JKR)

Floods cause more damage than other disasters in Malaysia. Currently, there is no suitable method for determining
the damage caused by floods alone. Malaysian Public Works Department, the principal technical agency of the government has developed a method on how to manage the assets and determining the condition of the building witha matrix system called Building Condition Assessment (BCA). In this study, the suitability of the BCA method as a toolin flood damage inspection was evaluated. The results showed the BCA method was reliable and that the processes
were standardized and systematic. The BCA method could be used to group the damages by cause and analyze thefindings using qualitative and quantitative analyses for each space and area. In addition, the BCA method can be used
to compile an urgent budget to rectify damages due to disasters.
Keywords: Flood Damage Inspection, Building Condition Assessment (BCA), Public Building, Flood Disaster Risk Reduction.

Cost of Repair for Inundated/Non-Inundated Floor with Inundated Depth

I arrived in Japan to pursue my DMP during the Covid-19 pandemic. Although we physicallycommute and attend classes in ICHARM, with the effects of the coronavirus continuing,
online teaching is now the primary method of instruction everywhere in Japan. We have limited access to daily lives and lack the freedom to perform outing activities.
Despite those limitations, we can still experience a lot of things in Japan. Japan has kept
everything calm and peaceful as the people are informed about the latest Covid-19 news but
there is no panic within the country. If I were to be in Malaysia, I am going to live in quarantine with countless restrictions which would probably affect my mental state.
ICHARM with its expert, respectful and kind-hearted director, lecturers, researchers andsupporting officers were helping a lot in sharing their knowledge on the water-related field.
Learning about hydro-metrological monitoring, the development of early forecasting/warning
systems and the development of global water-related disaster risk assessments and indiceswill allow me to share it with my department and country. This collaboration Master Degree
Program with ICHARM, GRIPS and JICA on knowledge sharing from the experts, the technical transfer and reformation in various areas in the water-related field also beneficial to me,
my department, and my country.
To all ICHARM experts, your patience is second to none! I had so much trouble with some ofthe difficult parts of class in this program, but all of you stood by me and had faith that I’ll
get there in the end. Thank you!

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

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Research

IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON EXTREME FLOODS DUE TO CLIMATE AND
SOCIAL CHANGES IN THE AMOCHU BASIN, BHUTAN
Jamyang Zangpo, from Bhutan
Engineer / Hydrology and Water Resource Division / National Centre for Hydrology and meteorology

Phuntsholing Town, located within the transboundary Amochu River Basin in Bhutan, has experienced recurrent flood
damage historically. Besides the impact of climate change, ongoing urbanization along the Amochu River flood
plains, due to limited inhabitable flatlands, could exacerbate future flood risk. Therefore, this study aims to assess theimpacts of climate change and social change on extreme floods over time. Bias-corrected rainfall outputs from thegeneral circulation models (GCMs), considering the representative concentration pathway (RCP8.5) scenario, are fed
into the rainfall-runoff-inundation (RRI) hydrologic model to simulate changes in extreme discharge, inundation, andaffected populations. The results show that climate change increases flood inundation and affects the population in
the future, but social change aggravates flood risks. The mitigation of flood risk by embankment construction is demonstrated to be effective; however, inland inundation and overflow from extreme floods necessitate integrated flood
management. While an adequate drainage system is proposed for the future town, the study highlights the need forproper consideration of the impact of social change on building a more flood-resilient society.
Keywords: rainfall-runoff-inundation model, general circulation model, inundation, return period, transboundary

Change in inundation extent for the 100 year RP flood

Comparison of climate change impact and social change impact in terms
of affected population

At such times of distress due to the covid19 pandemic which has been causing unfathomable global
damage to everything imaginable and more so cutting short millions of lives, it has been rather aprivilege for me to be able to come to Japan and especially to join esteemed International Center
for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM) as a Master’s course student. Moreover, thejoy of successful completion of the course is beyond expression.
During my study here, I carried out a research titled “Impact assessment on extreme floods due to climate andsocial changes in the Amochu basin, Bhutan.” Of the numerous findings from the research, one shows a substantial
increase in both magnitudes and return periods of extreme floods due to climate change, but the population increaseaffects the vulnerability aspect of flood risk, thereby aggravating the number of the flood-affected population evenmore than the increase of flood hazard by climate change, as the flood return period increases to 500 years. Inland
inundation also increases in the future. This can help the flood and water resource managers to accordingly act toprevent the wrath of flood disasters while deriving the maximum benefits.
The successful completion of the master’s course was partly possible due to the constant
instruction of my supervisor, researchers, and help from the Ph.D. students besides myclassmates. On the other hand, the study environment at ICHARM is perfect for higher
studies and researches with a sense of practical applicability right after graduation. I highly
recommend government officials and students to take this one-year DMP course; they will
understand how practical, usefully diverse, and different it is from the usual university
courses. I extend my gratitude to ICHARM, GRIPS, and JICA for this invaluable
opportunity.

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ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

Research

ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTUNDER CLIMATE CHANGE IN WANGCHU BASIN, BHUTAN
Nedrup Tshewang, from Bhutan
Dy. Executive Engineer / Department of Agriculture, Engineering Division / Ministry of Agriculture andForests

Wangchu Basin, located in the western part of Bhutan, is an area of significant socio-economic importance. With 30%
of Bhutan’s population and most of its agricultural lands being located here, this basin is also the site for two majorhydroelectric projects. Significant variability in precipitation patterns in the basin causes periods of flash floods anddry spells. We assessed the impact of climate change on the water resources of Wangchu Basin using general circulation models (GCMs) and hydrological simulations using the water and energy budget of rainfall-runoff inundation
model (WEB-RRI). Analysis results project an increase in future rainfall and discharge, indicating that power generation and agricultural production can be enhanced. However, a pronounced increase in discharge during the rainyseason also highlights the increased risk of flooding. To mitigate this risk, the implementation of both soft and hardcomponents of flood countermeasures is necessary.
Keywords: climate change, general circulation models, WEB-RRI, hydropower

Methodology

First of all, I would like to express my heartiest thanks and gratitude to the Royal Government of Bhutan, JICA,GRIPS, and ICHARM for nominating me for the Master’s Degree course on Flood Disaster Risk Management. Although
it was a difficult time for ICHARM to carry out activities due to the COVID-19 crisis. However, we have completed
our course without any problem owing to the endless efforts of the committed professors and staff of ICHARM and
GRIPS.
The topic of my research is an assessment of integrated water resources management under climate change in
Wangchu Basin. The research was conducted to address scientific, engineering, and policy challenges for inadequate
evidence-based data, water resources management plans, and the impact of climate change in Wangchu Basin, Bhutan.
Lack of integrated water resources management plans under changing climate will lead to frequent water-related
disasters, impacting the socioeconomy of the country. This research implemented recent advancements in scienceand technology by using selected GCMs based on their regional performances, developing a WEB-RRI model tosimulate the basin hydrological response under climate change, and then facilitating evidence-based decision-making procedures and sustainable developmentof water resources in the basin. The results of this thesis will contribute to theevidence-based decision-making process for decision-makers. And also besides
the course works, the knowledge and skill that I gained from field visits to various methods of disaster mitigation works and river engineering in Japan arevery useful for me and my Department’s future works.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisors and the Professors
for the endless effort for dissemination of their knowledge and skills.

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

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Research / Training & Education

A STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DAWKIPIYAN RIVER SYSTEM IN BANGLADESH
AHMED Farzana, from Bangladesh
Sub-Divisional Engineer / Directorate of Planning-2 / Bangladesh Water Development Board

This study discusses the morphological characteristicsof the bifurcation area of the Dawki-Piyan river system
in Bangladesh to find out a stable channel planform.
First, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the long-term morphological behavior of thebifurcated area and discharge diversion between two
downstream channels. The numerical results show thatthe diversion ratio of flow discharge changes temporarily due to channel changes together with sandbar
deformations. Second, regime relations were derived
using continuity conditions for flow discharge and sed- Drainage basin of Dawki-Piyan river
Sketch of the bifurcation area
iment discharge to discuss the stability of a bifurcation
system. The derived formulas of regime relations can determine the width of stable channels, which helps us to
manage the bifurcation area.
Keywords: channel bifurcation, river morphology, sediment transportation, regime relations, stable channel.

I am Farzana Ahmed from Bangladesh. I have been working in Bangladesh Water Development
Board (BWDB) as a Civil Engineer since 2012. Some of my colleagues completed their master’s and
PHD from ICHARM. Their excellent performance in the job field encouraged me to apply for the
master’s program in ICHARM. I really like the working environment of this institution. The teachers, researchers and staffs are very cooperative. In my opinion, this master’s course is well designedwith respect to the time frame. In addition to the theoretical courses, we learnt several simulation
softwares which improved our analytical ability to understand and solve hydro-morphologicalissues of our countries. I highly appreciate the detailed and profound knowledge as well as theteaching techniques of the teachers of ICHARM. For their incessant cooperation and motivation,
we were able to accomplish our thesis works within a short period. I would like to give this master’s course a very high rating and will motivate my colleagues to apply here for higher education.
I hope I can apply the knowledge acquired through this course for the betterment of my organization as well as for my country.

Training & Education

Educational program updates
研修活動報告<3 days before graduation>＜卒業までの３日間＞●Commemorative Tree Planting Ceremony, JICA Closing Ceremony (September 14)

After the final presentation of their graduation theses on August 5, themaster’s students were told to refrain from coming to ICHARM due tothe declaration of a state of emergency issued in Ibaraki Prefecture,
where ICHARM is located. However, about a month after that, thestudents had opportunities to spend their last two days on September
14, 15 at ICHARM in order to participate in events that concluded thetraining course. Those two days were particularly special for Mr. Greeting by Mr. Prakashof Mauritius
KOWLESSER Akshay Prakash, a master’s student from Mauritius, who
Prakash 氏から挨拶
was finally able to come to Japan on August 12 with the permission of
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. For Mr. Prakash, who had to stay at a hotel after
17● 記念植樹セレモニー、JICA 閉講式（９月１４日）
８月５日の最終論文発表会以降、
コロナ禍における緊急事態宣言の発出のため学生は ICHARM への通学制
限を受けることとなりましたが、研修の締め括りとなる行事に参加する
ため、９月１４～１５日の２日間、約１ヶ月ぶりに ICHARM に来所する機会を得ました。8 月 12 日に外務省の許可を得てようやく来日することが出来た
モーリシャスの修士学生 KOWLESSER
Akshay Prakash 氏 に とって は 初 のICHARM 通学となり、小池俊雄セン

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

Training & Education
ター長をはじめ、スーパーバイザーの Abdul Wahid Mohamed Rasmy
主任研究員や ICHARM 研究員と対面で挨拶を交わすことが出来ました。
その日の午前中は、例年この時期に実施している植樹セレモニーを行いました。学生は、事前に江頭進治
研究・研修指導監より植樹の意義について、次のような話を受けました。
「記念植樹は、古くから山地を保全し洪水災害の防止を祈念し、ある
いはお祝い事を記念し、あるいはまた建設工事等が安全に運ぶことを願う行事として行われております。日本
人は満開の桜が大好きであり、桜はお祝い事を記念してよく用いられます。皆様の桜は、修士および博士号の取得をお祝いするとともに、皆さんが ICHARM に再訪されたとき、この場において記憶をたどり、桜と語
らい友を思う桜でもあります。
」
午 後 に は ICHARM 講 堂 に て 第
14 期 研 修 の JICA 閉 講 式 が 行 わ れ
ま し た。JICA 筑 波 か ら 渡 邉 健 所
長、ICHARM から 小 池 センター 長、GRIPS からオンラインで菅原賢教授
による祝辞が贈られ、学生の代表として Norain binti Osman 氏（マレーシア） が 答 辞を 述べました。 優れた研 究 成 果を残した学 生に贈られる「Best Research Award」 は、8 月5 日に実施された最終プレゼンテー
ションの結果と論文を総合的に判断し、KOWLESSER Akshay Prakash 氏（モーリシャス）に授与されました。
また、学生同士の他薦により、研修中最も参加者全体のために貢献したと思われる学生に対して、ICHARM
から「Sontoku Award」 が Jamyang
Zangpo 氏（ブータン）に贈られました。
● GRIPS にて記念撮 影、学位記授与式（9 月 13 日、15 日）
昨期に続き、今期においても新型
コロナウイルスの影響により、9 月 15日の GRIPS 学位記授与式はオンラインで実施されることとなりましたが、
9 月 13 日、博士学生と修士学生は、事前に GRIPS にてアカデミックガウ
ンと角帽を着用し、GRIPS 菅原教授とともに記念撮影を行うことが出来ました。
9 月 15 日の午後、GRIPS 学位記授与式が、昨年度同様 ICHARM にてオンラインで実施されました。修士課
程の学生７名全員に「修士（防災政策）」の学位が、博士課程の３名 に「博士（防災学）」の学位が授与されました。
残念ながら本年度修士課程コース
において、トンガの Tevita Aho 氏は最後まで来日することが出来ません
でしたが、母国にいながらも無事に修士課程を修了することが出来ました。
卒業した 10 名の更なるご 活躍を
ICHARM 職員一同祈念しております。

coming to Japan, it was his first visit to ICHARM. He could finally meet Executive Director
KOIKE Toshio, his supervisor and Senior Researcher Mohamed Rasmy Abdul Wahid, andother researchers of ICHARM.
On the morning of September 14, a tree planting
ceremony was held just as it had been before graduation. Before they started the planting, Training
Advisor EGASHIRA Shinji told them what it means toplant a tree together.

“Japan has a long history of tree planting. We plant
trees for various reasons: to conserve mountains andWith their cherry blossoms, or sakura tree
prevent flood disasters, celebrate a specific occasion,
記念植樹を囲んでor pray for construction and other projects to end
safely. Japanese people love to see cherry blossoms, or sakura, in full bloom, so sakura
trees are very popular for this kind of ceremony, especially when celebrating something
happy. Today, we plant a sakura tree to congratulate you on earning a master’s or doctoral
degree. The sakura tree we plant today is also for you to remember the days you spent
here at ICHARM. In the future, when you have a chance to come back to ICHARM, talk tothe sakura tree and think about the friends you studied together.”In the afternoon, the closing ceremony of the 14th master’s program was held at the
ICHARM auditorium. JICA Tsukuba Director General WATANABE Takeshi, ICHARM Executive
Director KOIKE Toshio made their congratulatory speech. GRIPS Professor SUGAHARA
Masaru also made his speech online. Ms. Norain binti Osman of Malaysia spoke in returnon behalf of the students.
In the ceremony, the Best Research Award was presented to Mr. KOWLESSER Akshay
Prakash of Mauritius this year. The award was given by ICHARM and GRIPS to laud him forhis excellent work based on his master’s thesis and final presentation. The Sontoku Award,
selected by their fellow students, was presented to Mr. Jamyang Zangpo of Bhutan. Thisaward is given every year by ICHARM to a student who made an outstanding contribution
to the class throughout the program.
● Commemorative photo at GRIPS and Graduation ceremony (September 13 and 15)
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the GRIPS graduation
ceremony was held online, the same as last year.
However, on September 13, the doctoral and master’s
students had a chance to visit GRIPS, where they wore a
graduation gown and hat and had memorial photos
taken with Professor SUGAHARA.

On September 15, the GRIPS graduation ceremony washeld online at an ICHARM lecture room. Three students Mr. Aho (upper left) waving from homeduring the GRIPS graduationin the 9th doctoral program and seven students in the
ceremony online
14th master’s program were finally awarded a doctoral GRIPS 学位記授与式にて手を振る修士
学生 Aho 氏 ( 左上 )and master’s degree in disaster management. Amongthe seven master’s students was Mr. Tevita Aho of Tonga, who could not come to
Japan but successfully completed his master’s program online while staying in his
home country.
All the staff at ICHARM pray for the future success of the ten graduates in their own
countries.

Doctoral students in front of the main gate of GRIPSGRIPS 正門前にて記念撮影（博士学生）

Master‘ students with Prof. SUGAHARA of GRIPSGRIPS 菅原教授と記念撮影（修士学生）(Written by MIYAZAKI Ryosuke)
ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

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Training & Education

Action Reports from ICHARM Graduates

ICHARM provides graduate-level educational programs for foreign government
officers in charge of flood risk management in collaboration with GRIPS and
JICA: a one-year master’s program, “Water-related Risk Management Courseof Disaster Management Policy Program,” and a three-year doctoral program,“Disaster Management Program.”

Since their launches, over 100 practitioners and researchers have completed
either of the programs. They have been practicing knowledge and experienceacquired through the training in various fields of work after returning to theirhome countries. This section is devoted to such graduates sharing information
about their current assignments and projects with the readers around the globe.
John Mathias KIRIWAI (Tanzania), who graduated from the 11th master's program in 2017-2018, has kindly contributed the following article to this issue.

John Mathias KIRIWAIICHARMでは、政策研究大学院大学（GRIPS）、国際協力機構（JICA）と連携して、世界各国から洪水対策の行政官を対象として、1年間の修士課程「防災政策プログラム 水災害リスクマネ
ジメントコース」を実施するとともに、3年間の博士課程「防災学プログラ
ム」を実施しています。これまで100名を超える実務者・研究者の方々が各課程を修了し、帰国後、本研修で習得された知識や経験を生かして、様々な分野において活躍されています。
ICHARMニュースレターでは、こうした卒業生の方々から、ご活躍の様子について寄稿していただくこととしております。本号では2017-2018年（11期）修士課程卒業のJohn Mathias
KIRIWAI氏（タンザニア）から寄稿いた
だきましたので、ご紹介します。

Early Warning Systems Expert , UNDRR Consultant for AUC,UNDRR Regional Office for Africa

The “Effects of Infrastructure Construction in Flood Disaster Prone Areas” was the title of my thesis when I
was doing my master’s degree. I was curious to know how an already flood-prone area’s vulnerability could
be exacerbated with the construction of major infrastructures in the area (infrastructure curse). In my thesis,
I was interested specifically in road construction. Thanks to Professor OHARA Miho, Professor TAKEUCHI, Dr.
MIYAMOTO, and the entire ICHARM team, I was able to get some skills and maneuver through GIS systems andsimulate road construction in the RRI model.
The thesis is a milestone in my DRR career. The findings in the research thesis have built up to more interestin developing disaster preparedness and response plans for different agencies to address issues especially on
major projects involving constructions. The challenge has always been data availability. Systematic collection ofdata and disaster risk assessments is a vital component for developing preparedness plans.
When I returned to my country Tanzania after completing my studies, I resumed my regular duties at Prime
Minister’s Office as a Disaster Management Coordinator in the Disaster Management Department. Since myreturn, through the skills I acquired at ICHARM, I have managed to contribute to developing disaster prevention
and preparedness plans for government agencies and local government municipalities, the National Contingency
Plan for floods, country disaster profiles for floods and droughts and mobilizing resources for disaster responses.
I also presented my thesis to the director responsible for road construction. She kindly spared time to discuss thefindings and agreed to take recommendations during planning and execution of the projects.
In April 2021, I joined UNDRR as a consultant for the African Union on a shortterm assignment on the capacity of Early
Warning Systems Expert. One of my duties
in this assignment is to facilitate theestablishment of continental multi-hazard
early warning systems and manage acontinental disaster situation room. The
continental situation room is expected
Presenting about the Progress on the Africa Continental Situation Roomin World Expo Dubai 2021 on 13th October 2021
to trigger appropriate and timely early
actions in the field of early warning and transboundary risk management. The situation room is also responsible
for enhancing the vertical and horizontal coordination mechanism and facilitating the access and exchange ofrisk data and information.
We have so far managed to review different early warning systems across the globe, establish different warninglevels, threshold levels, and severity indexes for different hazards to be used at the continental level, and standard operating procedures for the situation room.

19

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

Information Networking

Information Networking

ICHARM co-organized two sessions at the Stockholm World Water Week 2021
2021 年ストックホルム世界水週間で 2 つのセッションを共催しました
2021年8月23～27日、ストックホル
ム世界水週間（SWWW）2021が開催されました。2020年のSWWWは世界的な新型コロナウィルス感染症拡大によって中止となりましたが、今年は無料かつオンラインにより開催され、参加者は188か国から13,000名を超え、セッションの数は400を超えました。ICHARMではパートナー機関とのセッション共 催 や 活 動 発 表によりSWWWに積極的に貢献してきています。
8月24日には「Post COVID-19 River
Basin Disaster Resilience, Sustainability& Sound Water-cycle（コロナ後における流域治水と健全な水循環）」と題して水と災害ハイレベル・パネル、国
土交通省、政策研究大学院大学等とでセッションを共催し、小池俊雄セン
ター長が進行役を務めました。セッシ
ョンでは気候や社会の変化によって増大する災害リスクの認識の共有と質の高い社会資本の展開による質の高い成長を実現する戦略の特定、アジア諸国のコロナ禍での経験に基づ
く革新的行動が紹介されました。
また8月25日にはアジア太平洋水フォーラム事務局や世界水パートナーシ
ップ等の協力機関とで「Accelerating
Inclusive Water Governance toadvance Sustainable Development（
持続可能な成長を前進させるために包摂的な水のガバナンスを加速）」のセッションを共催しました。効果的な
水のガバナンスを進めることはアジ
ア太平洋地域で高い優先課題の一つであるとの認識の下、本セッションでは持続可能かつ包摂的な発展へと押し上げるために水のガバナンスをより良くする革新的取り組みが共有されました。池田鉄哉特別研究監からは「Enhancing governance structure of
the country on water-related disasterrisk reduction through collaborative
platform and capacity development（
協働的プラットフォームや能力開発による国レベルでの水災害リスク軽減に向けたガバナンス構造の向上）」と題して発表を行い、その後のパネルディスカッションでは協働的プラットフ
ォームを通じた組織レベルでのガバ
ナンスの向上と専門研修を通じた個
人レベルでの能力向上の重要性が強調されました。
これら2つのセッションの成果については、第4回アジア太平洋水サミット（2022年）や水の国際行動の10年・
中 間 レ ビ ュー に 関 す る 国 連 会 議（2023年）などの主要な政治プロセスへとインプットされることとなります。

The Stockholm World Water Week (SWWW) 2021 was held on August 23-27, 2021.
Though SWWW 2020 was canceled due to the global pandemic of COVID-19,
SWWW 2021 was redesigned as a free, online event composed of more than 400
sessions with over 13,000 participants from 188 countries. ICHARM actively contributed to the event by co-organizing sessions with partner organizations and providing
the presentations of its activities.
On August 24, ICHARM convened a session titled “Post COVID-19 River Basin Disaster
Resilience, Sustainability & Sound Water-cycle” together with the High-level Experts
and Leaders Panel on Water and Disasters (HELP), the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism, Japan (MLIT), the National Graduate Institute for Policy
Studies (GRIPS), and some other organizations. Executive Director KOIKE Toshio
moderated the session. This session aimed to share the understanding of disasterrisks increased by the changes of climate and society, identify strategies for realizing
quality growth through the development of quality infrastructure, and showcase
innovative actions based on the experiences of some Asian countries under COVID19. (*1)
On August 25, ICHARM co-organized another session titled “Accelerating Inclusive Water
Governance to advance Sustainable Development”
as one of the Asia Focus sessions together withpartner organizations, including the Asia PacificWater Forum (APWF) Secretariat and Global Water
Partnership (GWP). Recognizing that addressing
effective water governance should be one of thehighest priorities in the Asia-Pacific region, thissession provided the opportunity to share innovative approaches to improving water governance toboost sustainable and inclusive development.
ICHARM Deputy Director (international coordinaAsia Focus - Governance Sessiontion) IKEDA Tetsuya gave a presentation, アジア・フォーカス ガバナンス・セッション“Enhancing governance structure of the country
on water-related disaster risk
reduction through collaborative
platform and capacity development.” In the following panel
discussion, he emphasized theimportance of raising the governance capacity of institutions on
Speakers at the Asia Focus - Governance Session 2
アジア・フォーカス ガバナンス・セッション２の発表者
flood management through collaborative platforms and developing the capacities of individuals through professional
training programs. (*2)
The outcomes of the two sessions will be provided as inputs for key political processes such as the 4th Asia-Pacific Water Summit in 2022 and the UN Conference on
Midterm Review of the Water Action Decade in 2023.
(*1) URL:

https://www.worldwaterweek.org/event/9808-post-covid-19-river-basin-disaster-resiliencesustainability-sound-water-cycle(*2) URL:

https://www.worldwaterweek.org/event/9578-asia-focus-accelerating-inclusive-water-governanceto-advance-sustainable-development(Written by IKEDA Tetsuya)
ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

20

Coming Events

Coming Events

ICHARM plans to host the ICFM9 in February 2023
2023 年 2 月に ICHARM が ICFM9 を主催予定
The International Conference on FloodManagement (ICFM) has been held as aunique opportunity for various specialists andpolicymakers to come together to discuss arange of flood related issues and exchange
ideas and experiences. This conference was
first held in Kassel, Germany, in 2000 under
the name of the “International Symposium on
Flood Defense.” It was renamed ICFM whenits 5th conference was held in Tokyo, Japan, in
September 2011, organized by ICHARM andattracting more than 450 participants from 41
different countries.

ICFM5 held on September 27, 2011
2011 年 9 月 27 日に開催された ICFM5

Due to the global pandemic of COVID-19 in these two years, ICFM8, originally scheduled in August 2020 in Iowa, USA, was eventually canceled. After this decision was
made, a special webinar, “Instead of ICFM8,” was held on August 10, 2021. ICHARM
Executive Director KOIKE Toshio announced that ICHARM was pleased to host ICFM9in February 2023 in Tsukuba, Japan, which was unanimously accepted by the participants, including some members of the Ad-hoc Committee, which coordinates aseries of ICFMs. Further information, including session topics and important dates,
will be announced later on the ICHARM website.
About ICFM:
https://www.icfm.world/About-ICFM
ICFM5:
https://www.icfm.world/ICFM-Conferences/ICFM5
Webinar “instead of ICFM8:
https://www.icfm.world/ICFM-Conferences/ICFM8/729/Recording-of-the“instead-of-ICFM”-webinar

洪水管理国際会議（ICFM）は様々な専門家や政 策 立 案 者が集って洪水に関する事 項について議 論を行い、それぞれのアイデアや経験について意見交換を行う唯一の機会として開催されてきました。第 1 回会議
は「洪水防御に関する国際シンポジ
ウム（ISFD）」 と称して 2000 年にド
イツ・カッセルで開催され、2011 年
9 月に東京で開催された第 5 回会議
から ICFM と改名されました。この第5 回会議は ICHARM が主催し、41 か国から 450 名以上が参加しました。
ここ 2 年間にわたる COVID-19 の世界的な感染症拡大により、当初、
2020 年 8 月にアメリカ・アイオアで開催される予定であった ICFM8 は最終的に中止と決定されました。その後、「ICFM8 に替えて」という特別ウェ
ビナーが 2021 年 8 月 10 日に開催され、そこで ICHARM 小池俊雄センター
長から 2023 年 2 月に ICFM9 をつく
ばで主催する旨、意思表明がなされました。これについては一連の ICFM
会議開催を調整する Ad-hoc 委員会の委員を含め、全員一致で受け入れられました。セッションのトピックス
や主要日程等は今後 ICHARM のウェ
ブサイトでお知らせすることとしてます。

(Written by IKEDA Tetsuya)

Announcement of ICHARM Webinar 2021 - Interaction with Students and Young Researchers –ICHARM Webinar 2021 の開催 － 学生・若手研究者との交流 －In order to disseminate ICHARM’s activities widely, “ICHARM Webinar 2020” washeld last December mainly for young researchers inside and outside Japan who wereinterested in ICHARM’s research and other activities. It was attended by 14 students,
mainly master’s and doctoral students, from universities in Japan.
This year, too, ICHARM will organize “ICHARM Webinar 2021,” as addressed below.
We are looking forward to the active participation of those interested.
https://www.pwri.go.jp/icharm/special_topic/ICHARM_webinar_2021.html
Time and Date: 14:00-16:25, Monday, December 13, 2021
Registration: Required by December 3, 2021 at the following website:
https://forms.gle/VUdVGgMycqcfpnx66

ICHARM の活動について広く情報
発 信をすることを目的に、ICHARMの研究等の活動にご関心のある国内
外の若手研究者を対象として、昨年12 月に ICHARM Webinar 2020 を開催し、国内の大学に在籍する修士・博士課程の学生ら14 名が参加されました。
このたび、下記により 2021 年においても Webinar の開催を予定しておりますので、ご関心のある皆様の積極的なご参加をお待ちしております。
https://www.pwri.go.jp/icharm/
special_topic/ICHARM_webinar_
2021_j.html
日時： 2021 年 12 月 13 日（月）14:00 ～ 16:25

参 加 方 法：下 記 のフォーム により
2021 年 12 月 3 日（金）までに参加登録をお送りいただけますようお願いします。

(Written by YOSHINO Hirosato)
21

https://forms.gle/VUdVGgMycq
cfpnx66

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

Miscellaneous

MiscellaneousComments from internship students
インターン生からのコメント

ICHARMでは、インターン生
として、Zhou Li氏を受け入れました。
ICHARMでの研究活動を振り返って、Zhou氏からコメントをいただきました。

ICHARM accepted an internship student Mr. Zhou Li from China from October, 2019 to
September 2021.
He contributed a short message as below while looking back at his studying at ICHARM.

Mr. Zhou Li, from China

Stay period: October 15, 2019 - September 28, 2021

I was lucky to get the opportunity supportedby the China Scholarship Council to come to
ICHARM for two-year research as a visiting
Ph.D. candidate under the supervision of Prof.
KOIKE,Prof.
TAKEUCHI,
andProf.
EGASHIRA.
As a target of Prediction in Ungauged Basins(PUB) initiated by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), we conducted research titled “Availability of Ground
Observations and Its Impacts on Bias Correction of Satellite Precipitation Products andHydrologic
Simulation
Efficiency”
andachieved considerable outcomes. We selected
the Fuji River as the study area and configured seventeen gauge network patterns. The
results show four-gauge is the threshold forreasonable average areal precipitation, satellite precipitation correction, and discharge
simulation (Figure 1). Meanwhile, a new bias
correction method for satellite precipitation
was proposed for the limited and eccentrically located precipitation gauge network,
which significantly expanded satellite precipitation’s application and improved the prediction in poorly gauged basins (Figure 2).

Figure 1 The NSE of average areal precipitation of gauge and satellite under various cases.
Well- and Bias-distribution cases correspond to solid and dashed lines, respectively.
X-axis means station number. A clear boundary is shown between 3 and 4 stations.

Except for the above research, I joined sevFigure 2 NSE of discharge simulation in the validation period. 1D, 1U,1C represent
eral lectures and studied the BTOP model andone station in the downstream, upstream, and center of the basin, respectively. 2B,
the RRI model with help from Dr. Gusyev and2W mean two stations with bias- and well-distribution. SBC- Statistical average ratiobased bias correction; DBC- Dynamical temporal ratio-based bias correction; SDBCProf. Rasmy. It is a great advantage that
Statistical& Dynamical Bias Correction; SDBC-A (Additional SBC). With the new bias
correction, SDBC, hydrological simulation efficiency performs best.
ICHARM has experts specializing in nearly all
aspects of water-related affairs such as climate change, ensemble forecasting, sediment movement, and risk management. In
addition, the scientific research is well-conducted here, and the application inpractice is also highly valued. It is a perfect example of how we combine scienceand technology with management and policy.
Finally, I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to all ICHARM staff, especially Ms. HIDA and Dr. UMINO. I firmly believe that this meaningful experience
will be precious for my future career. Besides, I’d love to collaborate with
ICHARM colleagues and do my best to enhance the connection between Sichuan
University and ICHARM in the future.

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021

22

Mr. Zhou Li and
Executive Director KOIKE

Miscellaneous

Publications / 発表論文リスト* July - September 2021

1. Journals, etc. / 学術雑誌（論文誌、ジャーナル）None / 該当者無し

2. Oral Presentations (Including invited lectures) / 口頭発表（招待講演含む）●Daiki Kakinuma, Mamoru Miyamoto, Yosuke Nakamura, Anurak Sriariyawat, Supattra Visessri, Development of industrial park scale flood inundation
analysis model for establishing and evaluating BCP/BCM, Asia Oceania Geosciences Society 18th Annual Meeting (AOGS2021) (Online), August 1-6, 2021
●Nagumo N., Egashira S., Kubo S. and Ben B., Characteristics of river morphology and bed materials in a tributary river influenced by Lake Tonle Sap, 34th
International Geographical Congress, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey (Online), August 16-20, 2021

3. Poster Presentations / ポスター発表●Harada D. and Egashira S., Erosion rate formula of very fine sediment bed based on turbulent entrainment, International conference on cohesive
sediments (InterCOH 2021), Delft University of Technology, Deltares and IHE Delft, Delft, the Netherlands (Online), July 13-17, 2021
●柿沼太貴、沼田慎吾、望月貴文、大沼克弘、伊藤弘之、近者敦彦、中村要介、崔国慶、国内における高精度地形・土地利用・降雨データを新たに追加したRRIGUIの整備、日本水文科学会2021年度研究発表会（Online）、水文・水資源学会、2021年9月15日～18日

4. Magazines, Articles / 雑誌、記事（土技資含む）
None / 該当者無し

5. PWRI Publications / 土研刊行物（土研資料等）
None / 該当者無し

6. Other/ その他

None / 該当者無し

Editor's Note
編集後記

日本では 8 月に九州北部や中国
This past August saw many disasters across Japan, such as floods and landslides.
地方で発生した線状降水帯がもた
Linear precipitation zones caused heavy rainfall for several days while lingering
らす大雨によって、多くの浸水被
over northern Kyushu and the Chugoku region in the western part of Japan. I have 害、土砂災害が発生しました。まalso seen international news reports about flood disasters in Europe and Asia た、海外でも欧州やアジアで近年that have rarely happened before. I would like to express my deepest condolenc- 稀となる水害が発生したという報道を目にします。被害に遭われた
es to the victims and their family members. Coincidentally, in the same month, 方々には心よりお悔やみ申し上げ
the Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ま す。 時 期 を 同 じ く し て 8 月 にreleased its 6th report, which has reminded me anew of the profound impact of は気候変動に関する政府間パネル（IPCC） 第 6 次 報 告 書（AR6） のclimate change.

In the meantime, Japan lifted the almost-three-month-long state of emergency
against the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of September. In order to prevent theinfection of the virus, ICHARM has refrained from overseas business trips until
today. The future situation is still uncertain, but I hope that international conferences will be possible in person as soon as possible.
ICHARM will keep a close eye on the latest development in disaster-related issues
and continue to share information with readers around the world through thenewsletter. Thank you for your continued support and cooperation.
ICHARM Newsletter Editorial Committee
KAWAMOTO Takatoshi

第一作業部会報告書が公表されたこともあって、今年は改めて気候変動の影響を意識することとなりました。
また、日本では新型コロナウィ
ルス感染症緊急事態宣言が 9 月末をもって全面的に解除となりました。これまで COVID-19 の感染症
拡大防止の観点から海外への渡航は制限され、今後の状況は未だ不透明でありますが、少しでも早く対面での国際会議が可能となることを祈念しております。
ICHARM では防災に関する最新の情勢に目を配りながらこれからもニュースレターで情 報発 信 を行ってまいります。引き続き、ご愛顧のほどよろしくお願いいたします。
ICHARM ニュースレター
編集委員会
河元 隆利

メーリングリストへ登録ご希望の方は、下記 ICHARM ホームページの登録フォームか QR コードからご登録ください。
To subscribe the ICHARM Newsletter, please access the following site or the QR cord;
http://www.icharm.pwri.go.jp/mailmag/index.html
また、今後の配信を希望されない方やメールアドレスが変更になった方は
下記アドレスまでご一報ください。ご意見・ご感想もお待ちしています。
For those who want to unsubscribe the Newsletter, please contact us:icharm@pwri.go.jp
We welcome your comments and suggestions.

23

ICHARM Newsletter Volume 16 No. 3・October 2021