以下の２つの英⽂を読み、それぞれ 180 字から 220 字の⽇本語で要約し、解答⽤紙に記⼊しなさい。

1. Fast Fashion
Fast fashion is currently trending in society. Clothing industries
worldwide are in a competition to design, produce and deliver clothes at afaster pace than ever before, while at the same time reducing costs.
Fast fashion is popular among the younger generation. Fast fashion
shops constantly try to attract young customers by entertaining them with themost recent fashion items. These items are for sale at costs set as low aspossible. Customers are happy because they can purchase fashionable items
at very low costs even in many developed countries.
Fast fashion, however, has problems. Clothes these days are bought
cheaper than ever before, so people often throw them away easily and quickly.
Piles of thrown-away clothes have been causing environmental problems.
Since fast fashion materials are difficult to recycle, they are sent to landfills
or burned, producing carbon dioxide. Sadly, fast fashion also causes socialproblems. For example, factory workers in developing countries making fast
fashion products often work for very low wages, in poor working conditions.
Given the fast fashion’s economic influence in the world market, bothdeveloped and developing countries need to work together to find solutions
to reduce the negative impact fast fashion has been causing.

2. Universal Design
Universal design is an approach to designing products, buildings, orenvironments which has the potential to greatly serve future society.
Originally, it was devised as a means of providing easy access to facilities
for the elderly or people with disabilities. Inspired by the ideas universal
design proposed, governments, international organizations and society ingeneral have come to embrace the idea of inclusive and barrier-free society
for people with different needs.

The first attempt introduced at universal design is said to have been thecreation of a slope to help wheelchair users to overcome the barrier between
the street and the sidewalk. This design, nowadays, is conveniently used forpeople riding bikes, pushing strollers, and pedestrians with walkers or canes.
It shows that universal design is not just for the elderly or people withdisabilities but also for people with different needs regardless of age orability.
Another example of universal design is a lever-type door handle.
Turning a round door knob can be hard for people who have limited or
permanent disability in their hands. Opening a door that has a lever-type door
handle is easier because they can use their arms instead of their hands. A final
example of universal design can be found in kitchen utensils. A company
developed a unique peeler for vegetables like carrots and potatoes. It can beused regardless of hand strength that works equally well for right and lefthanded people.
Universal design has tremendous potential for many people. That is tosay, “This is not a special requirement, for the benefit of only a minority ofthe population. It is a fundamental condition of good design.”1 Somethingthat benefits all, and recognizes the diverse needs of different people in oursociety.

Notes:
1. The Centre for Excellence in Universal Design, “What is Universal
Design” (https://universaldesign.ie/what-is-universal-design/)