Science & Technology& AFRICA’S GLOBAL INCLUSIONATPSANNUALREPORT
2002

Published by African Technology Policy Studies Network
P O Box 10081, 00100 GPO Nairobi Kenya
2004 Published by African Technology Policy Studies Network
ISBN: 9966-916-68-7
2

contents
Acronyms & Abbreviations

4

Board Members

5

Message from the Chair

6

Message from the Executive Director

8

Science & Technology
10

missionision
objective

ATPS Partnerships& AFRICA’S GLOBAL INCLUSIONATPS Research Programmes

13

ATPS Training

19

ATPS Communication & Outreach21

Annexes

31

ATPS VISION

To become a centre of excellence andbrokerage between science andtechnology policy researchers andtechnology makers and implementers,
and to become a centre of referenceon key issues of technology policy inthe sub-Saharan region.

ATPS MISSION

To improve human and institutional
capacity for technology policy
formulation, implementation,
research, analysis, assessment,
monitoring, evaluation and dialogue.

ATPS OBJECTIVES

Capacity building and enhancement
for technology policy formulation
implementation and research.
Generating a critical mass ofknowledge on technology policy
issues. Fostering networking andcollaborative research.
Dissemination of research results.
3

Acronyms & Abbreviations
AAS
ACP
AU
AU-IBAR
BINARICKRC
COMESADOSATE
EAC
ECA
EPRC
FDI
GDP
HCDA
HIV/AIDS
IAP
ICIPE
ICTs
ICTSD
IDRC

African Academy of Sciences
African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States
African Union
African Union- InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources
Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research InstituteConstitution of Kenya Review Commission
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
Department of Science and Technical Education
East African Community
Economic Commission for Africa
Economic Policy Research Centre
Foreign Direct Investment
Gross Domestic ProductHorticultural Crops Development Authority
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
InterAcademy PanelInternational Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology
Information Communication Technologies
International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development
International Development Research Centre

IDEP
IGAD
IOC
KNUST
MoHET
MSEs
NABDA
NCS
NEPAD
NICs
NUL
OAU
PRS
PRSP
RCZ
RPS
SADC
SPS
UNAS
UNCST
UNCTAD
UNU/INTECH
USSIA
WPS
WTO

Institut Africain de Développement Economique et de Planification
Inter-Governmental Authority on Development
Indian Ocean Commission
Kumasi National University of Science and Technology
Ministry of Higher Education and Technology
Micro and Small- Scale Enterprises
National Biotechnology Development Agency
Network Computer Systems
New Partnership for Africa's Development
Newly Industrialized Countries
National University of Lesotho
Organization of African Unity
Poverty Reduction Strategy
Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers
Research Council of Zimbabwe
Research Paper Series
Southern Africa Development Community
Special Paper Series
Uganda National Academy of Sciences
Ugandan National Council for Science and Technology
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
United Nations University/Institute for New Technologies
Uganda Small Scale Industries Association
Working Paper Series
World Trade Organisation

4

Prof Joseph Massaquoi
Prof Lynn Mytelka
Prof Sam Wangwe

Prof Oliver Saasa

Prof Norah Olembo
Chair, ATPS Board

Prof Turner Isoun
Ms Yolonda Richardson

Board
members

Dr. Osita Ogbu
(ex-officio member)

... produce knowledge that will help...
That science and technology policy has a principal role to play in sustainable
development is not a matter of debate and I salute the African Technology Policy Studies
Network (ATPS) on its vision and initiatives to popularize science and technology policyin Africa.
The novelty of the programs of ATPS and its numerous contributions to science andtechnology policy are not easy to measure. As a network, the ultimate impact of ATPS is
the influencing of policy making in the region; developing of capacity in Africa; andcreating, disseminating and exchanging information on science and technology policy
issues in useful and accessible formats.
While it is important that researchers have easy and regular access to policy makers andthat policy makers are regularly and meaningfully involved in the research process,researchers, in turn, should produce knowledge that will help policy makers better
address the policy issues of the day.
However, we know that there is a gap between the worlds of policy makers andresearchers. There are different cultures. At times, the difference takes on an adversarialaspect, us vs. them attitude. Bridging the gap requires knowing the terrain on eitherside. Researchers must come to understand the context in which policy makers operate
and the pressures they face. On the other hand, policy makers should be more aware of
the support researchers require to carry out their work satisfactorily. Knowing the needsof each group contributes to developing effective interaction.

Message fromthe Chair
6

ATPS has a distinction of being one of the first African research networks to bring
together multidisciplinary science technology policy practitioners for the purpose ofanalyzing science and technology for development. Indeed, the success of ATPS isprobably best symbolized by the continued increase in demand for its services, thus

attesting to the network's credibility.
My first message is to policy makers. Policy formulation in science and technology
remains a top-down rather than bottom-up process that does not allow for the
involvement of researchers and other stakeholders. Indeed, the promotion of dialogue
between researchers and policy makers during this meeting will significantly improve ourunderstanding of the role of science and technology policy in sustainable development. I
urge policy makers to allow science and technology to be the foundation of whatever we
do in Africa. Make use of the capacity that ATPS and other institutions are creating toprogress towards a common policy research agenda. We want to respond to your needs.
To researchers, I say that networks are some of the most important ways to tackle
capacity building. Centres of excellence, like ATPS, are catalysts of research; they offer
capacity building opportunities and peer revision. They provide the sharing of produced
scientific knowledge, identification of common interests, understanding of impacts andinformation gathering and dissemination. The scientific community should contribute byplacing their knowledge into the network. You should undertake frequent policy
evaluation as well as lobby for greater role in policy processes. The language of yourresearch, be it in biotechnology; space science; new materials science; information
communications technologies, among others, should be accessible to policy makers.
I ardently recommend that we develop strategies and mechanisms to strengthen
partnerships between African policy makers and African researchers. Let us promoteparticipatory research and teamwork comprising all stakeholders because science,technology and innovation policies are not only rewards of successful development, but
critical tools for achieving it.

Prof Norah Olembo
Chair, ATPS Board
7

…hence the promised land...
I am pleased to present to you the report of the 2002 activities of the African
Technology Policies Studies Network (ATPS). The year 2002 was our first full year ofoperation as an autonomous institution and it had its challenges and expectations. ATPS
has risen to the expectation and its role of brokering knowledge, generating new andinnovative policies, action-oriented towards poverty reduction and Africa's global
inclusion.
Ladies and gentlemen, the crisis of African development is deeply rooted in the crisis ofself-doubt. We doubt our scientists, economists, entrepreneurs and innovators. We aretimid in pursuing what is genuinely in our national interest. We have been taught what tosay and how to say it and when to say it. We have surrendered our policy making process
to those who barely understand us. There is no worse crisis than intellectual
dependence. In inquiring about knowledge, we are afraid of reaching our own
conclusions. We accept knowledge and its products without interrogating the purpose.
We consume what has been given to us almost deterministically without building thecapacity to translate and capture the knowledge for our purposes. Sometimes we allow
our primitive instincts, fears and concerns to hinder us from pursuing our collective
benefit. Knowledge must have a purpose within a social context. Human development
and poverty eradication as a purpose forces us to confine our enquiry and tocontextualize it. As Africans, we should not have time for frivolities for time is not in ourfavour. Those countries that we started with on the road to development, in fact thosethat were behind us 40 years ago are now at least 20 years ahead of us.

Message fromthe Executive
Director
8

Africans have shown more dependency in science and technology than in other sectors.
What we do not fully understand we consider too dangerous, too far-fetched and too
expensive and is better left alone. In contrast, we do not have the policy environment tonurture and propagate what we know and have accepted to be universally in our interest.
In biotechnology, information and communication technology, space engineering,material science, technology for small-scale enterprise development and agricultural
technology, we are allowing others to lead while we follow. Yet, we have the opportunity
not only to leapfrog but also to adapt, modernize and use these technologies to address
our poverty and industrialization concerns. In a globalizing world, Africa cannot afford

to be a passenger. It is a very costly proposition. We must remain engaged in ways thatenable us to shape the agenda. Using the tools of modern science and technology wemust begin to close the digital gap, innovation gap, biotechnology gap, agricultural
technology gap and other gaps. The starting point for bridging these gaps is a supportiveand innovative science and technology policy.
This is where ATPS and indeed all of us have a role to play. At ATPS, we do not sufferfrom self-doubt. We believe in building, rejuvenating and using existing capacities. In
pursuing knowledge brokerage, we are searching widely for new and innovative ideas thatare relevant to our circumstances. We are pushing these ideas through our national
chapters to policy makers and other stakeholders. Whether it is intellectual property
rights in the new constitution of Kenya; dialogue on the role of science and technology
with parliamentarians in Uganda and Zimbabwe; forging partnerships to formulatescience and technology policy of Lesotho or the information communication technology
policy for Ghana; examining the regulatory, institutional and equity issues on the
propagation of ICTs from Morocco to Mozambique or the issues surrounding
biotechnology and the genetically modified foods, ATPS is rising up to the challenge. We
are presenting options and widening the space for dialogue.
But it has not been easy. We are training our researchers to be entrepreneurs of ideas, todevelop skills that will make them active participants in the global market place forknowledge. We are training journalists and writers to assist with the popularization ofscience and technology. Through such forums as, the ministerial and policy forum thatwas held in Abuja, Nigeria, during the 2002 ATPS Annual Conference and Workshop, wewant to engage the policy makers and challenge them to drive the research agenda andalso to realize the critical importance of science and technology to the development ofAfrica. Together, we will push for the NEPAD framework to be knowledge based andscience and technology driven. Above all, we want to give confidence to our people,
policy makers and scientists that we have what it takes to intellectually liberate ourselvesfrom this developmental quagmire. I must say that with the sort of enlightened
leadership and good will we are beginning to see in the continent, we will soon reach the“promised land”.

Dr. Osita Ogbu
Executive Director
9

ATPS
PARTNERSHIPSInstitutional Collaborations: COMESA/ATPS Regional
Workshop for Trade Negotiators on the Doha Development
AgendaThe African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) is seeking partnerships toadvance the development agenda of the region. The first of such partnerships wasforged during the first regional workshop aimed at strengthening African Trade
Negotiators on the Doha Development Agenda for member states of the Common
Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and the Southern Africa
Development Community (SADC). The workshop was held in Nairobi, Kenya from 5
to 7 August 2002.
ATPS' interest in the World Trade Organization (WTO) agenda arises from its
mandate to build capacity and its interest in intellectual property rights regimes,
trade and technology, technology transfer and health technology policy. Besides
generating a proposal for the workshop, ATPS also provided the initial intellectual
incentive and administrative and logistical support. Incidentally, COMESA, having asimilar objective, bought into the ATPS programme and used its convening power tobring negotiators that are based in Geneva and eastern and southern Africa that
support the Geneva group to attend the workshop.

Zimbabwe, Uganda and Zambia country delegatesfollow the Nairobi conference proceedings

The participants received an overview of the Doha Work Programme as Coordinator of the Africa Group. The state of play and negotiations in theimplementation, trade and environment, special and differential treatment, WTO
rules, dispute settlement among other issues were also discussed. With specificreference to the Singapore issues, the participants were of the opinion that Africa
should concentrate on matters that affect the continent's development. While
outlining the complexity of the on-going negotiations and the need for coherence
and support through inputs and guidance on key policy matters, the participants
agreed that regional integration, through regional and national policy co-ordinationand management, could make international trade work better. The meeting
recognized the contribution of the African Group given the limited resources andurged COMESA and SADC countries to address the current WTO work programme.
Participants who attended the workshop came from Angola, Botswana, theDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho and Malawi.
Other countries that were represented include Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. COMESA, SADC, the African
Union (AU), the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), the East
African Community (EAC), the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) were represented
during the meeting. Others include the Secretariat of theAfrican, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP); theCommonwealth Secretariat; the United Nations Conference on
Trade and Development (UNCTAD); the International Centre
for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and theInternational Development Research Centre (IDRC).
Geneva-based ambassadors and officials from Angola,
Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Egypt,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Seychelles, South Africa,
11

Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe also graced the occasion.
The workshop achieved the following:>a strong inter-African based collaboration between two leading institutions>

a common understanding and position on Doha and post-Doha tradenegotiating issues, such as trading in services; trade related aspects ofintellectual property rights (TRIPS); market access for non-agricultural
products; WTO rules, trade and environment; transfer of technology; technicalassistance; capacity building and conference building measures>an organizational mechanism for channeling ideas to the African Geneva
group and for improving Africa's participation in the WTO negotiations

Lesotho National Chapter
Collaborations
The ATPS-LSC chapter has facilitated, among other things:> communication between the Lesotho Ministry of Trade and others who
attended the Doha world trade meeting, through the ATPS
> interest has also been raised in Lesotho for participation in the Regional(African) Project on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)> networking continues with the Swaziland Chapter

Uganda National Chapter
Collaboration with the Uganda National Academy of Sciences
In May 2002, the chapter members met the Chairman of Uganda National Academyof Sciences (UNAS), Prof Paul Mugambi, to discuss ways in which ATPS-Uganda
Chapter could collaborate with UNAS to undertake joint activities to promotescience and technology (S&T) in Uganda.
The National Coordinator met with a representative of the Uganda Small Scale
Industries Association (USSIA) to explore areas of collaboration especially in theirefforts to develop and promote middle level technology and enhance production in
Uganda.

Zimbabwe National Chapter
The national science and technology policy document
The activities of the ATPS Zimbabwe Chapter for 2002 were centered onelaborating the national science and technology policy document into an action
plan. The chapter collaborated with the Ministry of Higher Education andTechnology in accomplishing the task.
Between February and May 2002, a committee that had been set up during the S&T
planning seminar made efforts through Ministry of Higher Education andTechnology (MoHET) to have the official S&T policy document improved byincorporating certain elements before the policy is officially launched.
In August and September 2002, the Government of Zimbabwe set up the Ministryof Science and Technology. Few activities were undertaken because of the need toreview developments relating to national structures for managing S&T policies andprogrammes; and to forge the appropriate partnerships and linkages that would
make efforts in promoting and influencing S&T policies and programmes fruitful.
12

ATPS
RESEARCH
PROGRAMMES

A. THE ATPS ANNUAL WORKSHOP AND CONFERENCE, ABUJA, NIGERIAThe African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) and the Federal Ministry of
Science and Technology, Nigeria, jointly organized the 2002 ATPS Annual
Workshop and Conference running from 11 to 16 November 2002, at the Nicon
Hilton, Abuja. The theme of the meeting was Science and Technology and Africa's
Global Inclusion.
The objectives of the workshop were to:> host an international conference to discuss the theme> peer-review new research proposals for funding> run a research methodology and writing skills workshop> conduct a meeting for the ATPS national coordinators> hold a special policy forum with African ministers and directors of science andtechnology> hold the annual administrative meeting of the network
This is the second workshop that ATPS has organized since autonomy. The
organization of the meeting was better because the Government of Nigeria, throughthe Ministry of Science and Technology, supported this activity with significant
financial and material resources. ATPS is, therefore, in a new phase of its initiative
to collaborate with national institutions. Such cooperation not only enhances the
profile of the institution in the particular country, but it also generates resourcesthat supplement those provided by mostly non-African donors.
The plenary session that served as the conference part of the annual event took agreater part of two days. It attracted papers from senior researchers and policy
makers from Africa and international institutions. The theme was exhaustively
discussed during the plenary session and the papers presented addressed thefollowing topics:> Unlocking Africa's Future: Science and Technology in the New Partnershipfor Africa's Development, by Dr John Mugabe> Global Governance and National Innovation Systems: Why Africa Remains
Excluded, by Prof Banji Oyeyinka> Science in a Globalizing World: Implications for Africa, by Prof Awele
Maduemezie> African Women in Science and Challenges of Globalization, by Prof Alele
Williams> Foreign Direct Investment, Technology Transfer and Poverty Alleviation:
Africa's Hopes and Dilemmas, by Dr Moses Ikiara> Technology Transfer in a Globalizing World: Many
Promises, Lack of Responsibility and Challenges for Africa,
by Dr Mohamed Khalil-Timamy> The Future Generation of ICT Experts: Can Africa Leadthe Way?, by Prof Emmanuel Aniebonam> Bridging the Digital Divide: The American Experience andLessons for Africa, by Warigia Bowman> Indigenous Knowledge and Global Inclusion: Recent
Advances in Africa's Biopharmacy Research andApplication, by Prof C. Omaliko
14

A group photo of the participants during the 2002
ATPS workshop in Abuja

> New Forms of Partnership for Africa's Entry into the Biotechnology Revolution,
by Dr John Mugabe> Materials Science Challenge for Africa in a Globalized World, by Prof O.O.
Adewoye> Science and Technology and Globalization: Perspectives from the Private
Sector, by Bashorun J.K. Randle
ATPS uses this forum to bring African scholars residing in Europe and America toshare their skills and knowledge with their counterparts at home. This role of
networking African scholars across continents will be intensified in the coming years
as relationships emerge from these initial contacts. From this workshop, a mutuallyand beneficial relationship is evident between the United Nations UniversityInstitute for New Technologies (UNU/INTECH) in Netherlands and the National
Biotechnology Development Agency of Nigeria (NABDA). These two institutions
were represented at the conference and workshop. The occasion also provided an
opportunity for the scholars and policy makers gathered to make inputs into the
S&T agenda of New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD). The
presentation from the NEPAD Secretariat clearly indicated the role of S&T policy inadvancing the NEPAD agenda. The keynote address from the Executive Secretary of
the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) was powerful in identifying key S&T
challenges for Africa underscoring the need for a clear S&T regime that integrates
Africa into the global economy and addresses the millennium development goals.
Such a regime must address capacity inadequacy, competitiveness and diversificationof the economy, integration of science and technology and innovation policies withthe overall development policies, strengthening science and technology policy
making, among other concerns. Other papers dealt with various issues on the global
inclusion of Africa on information and communication technologies (ICTs),
biotechnology, global governance of technology, foreign direct investment (FDI) andtechnology transfer and indigenous knowledge.

Policy makers’ forum

Ministerial Forum Participants. From left, River
State representative, Algerian Embassy
representatives, Dr Osita Ogbu, ATPS, Hon Prof
Turner Isoun, Minister for Science & Technology,
Nigeria and Hon Rasheed Harraoubia, Minister
for Higher Education & Scientific Research,
Algeria

The climax of the conference was a policy forum attended by ministers from Algeria,
Guinea, Nigeria and senior policy makers from other African countries. The Minister
for Science and Technology for Nigeria, also an ATPS Board member, invited
various African ministers for science and technology to deliberate on how to use
science and technology to integrate African economies into the global one. The
deliberations were open and purposeful. The need for collaboration, exchange ofideas and learning between African countries was emphasized. In the end, acommuniqué was issued. This meeting is significant because it marked the
beginning of a process that will be repeated annually if resources
permit. In order to hold this forum, the Government of Nigeria
provided accommodation and logistics to the visiting ministers andsome of the senior policy makers. It also provided an avenue for
ATPS to concretize its S&T policy knowledge brokerage role and toannounce its presence as a resourceful partner in Africa's
development process.

15

B. REGIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMMESThe African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) intends to launch three
regional programmes that will be funded independently from the core resources.
The programmes are:
> Strengthening National ICT Policies in Africa: Governance, Equity andInstitutional Issues> Biotechnology in Sub-Sahara Africa> Towards a Policy Research Agenda and Foreign Direct Investment, Technology
Transfer and Poverty Alleviation
These programmes will address cross-cutting issues that are of importance to thedevelopment of Africa. Adequate funding has been sourced for the programme on
information communication technology policies and research is now underway. The
ATPS secretariat and a part-time coordinator are supervising the research.

STRENGTHENING NATIONAL ICT POLICY IN AFRICA: GOVERNANCE,EQUITY AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES PROGRAMMEThe year 2002 ushered a new regional research programme: Strengthening National
ICT Policy in Africa: Governance, Equity and Institutional Issues, that was launchedwith a pre-study workshop from 8 to 10 July 2002 in Nairobi, Kenya. The
participating countries include Ghana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique,
Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
These countries were selected to reflect regional representation, various stages ofInformation Communication Technology (ICT) policy formulation, per capita
income levels, Internet density and public access as well as the different stages ofthe public reform process. Although the African Technology Policy Studies Network(ATPS) does not have national chapters in Morocco, Rwanda, South Africa andMozambique, the programme was extended to cover these countries as a forerunnerto the setting up of chapter offices. The network intends to use the contacts and theresearch teams that have participated in this programme as the nucleus upon which
the national chapters would be built.
The ICT programme is intended to offer choices to policy makers in the various
countries on how to improve policy/legislative and regulatory environment to ensure
consistency of policies and to improve ICT access, equity in access and thegovernance of the sector for better social benefits.
Prior to the workshop, Prof Melvin Ayogu, theProgramme Coordinator developed a concept note in
consultation with other stakeholders including
researchers, policy makers and relevant actors in the
sector. The research agenda expounded the almost
universal appreciation and acceptance of the benefits of
ICTs in contemporary societies, yet the pace of ICT
dissemination in Africa has not reflected the ostensibly
huge expected social benefits. According to theconcept note, the various actors argue that policy andregulatory environment affect effective dissemination
either because there is no coherence or consistency in
16

Resource persons guiding participants at the prestudy workshop held in Nairobi

policy. In some sectors, policies are missing. In recognition of the centrality oftelecommunications to ICTs, the research will also be devoted to case studies andthematic papers to reform the telecommunication industry.
It was also noted in the concept note that African legislative regimes lag behind in
e-commerce and in new financial instruments that are ICT based. For the continent
to compete globally, these laws need to be updated and create or reform
institutions, taking account of the growth of ICTs. The research problems that need
to be addressed, therefore, are:>

How to provide an enabling environment for ICTs in Africa that will extend
networks to the overwhelming majority of constituencies who cannot currently
enjoy them

> How to maximize the use of existing ICTs and promote their evolution
Besides the concept paper, research teams from the participating countries
presented specific country proposals that addressed common and distinctive issues.
The approach is intended to make region-wide pronouncements on some issues but
also bring out certain national propositions from which other countries can learn.
The pre-study workshop helped to harmonize the research process, establish acommon understanding of the research problem and revise the proposals. It offereda forum for capacity building and for learning about advances and problems on ICT
processes and reforms in other countries.
A mid-term review workshop is scheduled for June 2003 to assess interim reports
and to provide peer review and learning on the programme.

ATPS SMALL GRANTS
During the 2002 ATPS Annual Conference and Workshop, 47 research proposals
from 16 countries were presented for peer review. The proposals were grouped into
the following themes:>

Agricultural Technology Policy> Information and Communication Technology> Biotechnology, Gender and Food Technology Policy> Innovation, Technology Transfer and Environmental Technology Policy
Participants listen attentively during an ATPS
Workshop

The quality of the proposals was high due to peer review at the national chapter
level and at the regional secretariat. The ATPS Board approved the funding of 16
proposals. The 16 contracts have been signed and work is now ongoing in the field. An average grant is about US$10,000.
The peer review process and the use of resource persons within
and outside Africa continue to be beneficial to researchers who
may or may not get a grant. The attendance at ATPS conference
and workshop including the methodology workshop is alsovaluable to the researchers and some policy analysts who
participate because it increases their appreciation of science andtechnology policy. As the institution moves into a new strategy,
the network members plan to continue conducting science and17technology planning seminars and training that will target policy makers andresearchers at all levels.

Cameroon National Chapter
Four research proposals were accepted for presentation and defense at the 2002
ATPS Annual Conference and Workshop in Abuja, Nigeria. Four members of thechapter attended the workshop and their proposals were funded.

Ethiopia National Chapter
Currently the chapter is running three research projects on women and agricultural
technology, indigenous knowledge systems, and the regional project on ICT. ATPSEthiopia presented four research proposals during the second ATPS Annual
Conference and Workshop in Abuja, Nigeria that were selected for funding.

Ghana National Chapter
Three research proposals were submitted to the National Co-ordinator for
presentation to the ATPS secretariat. The three researchers were invited to attend
the Annual Workshop in Abuja, in November 2002. As in the previous year, only
one proposal out of the three was approved for direct funding; the topic of the
proposal is Small and Medium Enterprises in Grain Drying and Storage in
Ghana: A study of Technology Issues in the Agricultural Sector. Dr Komla Dzisi
of the Agricultural Engineering Department at Kumasi National University of
Science & Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, is the lead researcher. A research
proposal, submitted by Mr Biney and colleagues from the Ghana Biotechnology andNuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BINARI), is to be implemented as part of aregional project on Biotechnology Policy for Africa to be co-ordinated by the ATPS
secretariat.

Uganda National Chapter
In March, the chapter called for research concept notes through an advert in the
New Vision newspaper. The main areas of interest included intellectual property
rights, ICT development, gender and rural development, HIV/AIDS and related
issues, indigenous knowledge development and promotion. Ninety-two (92) concept
notes were received, representing a 70% increase over total number received in
2001. Nineteen proposals were selected and the researchers were asked to develop
them to full research proposals to be considered by the chapter.
Five participants represented the chapter at the Annual Workshop. Four of thempresented their proposals; the fifth participant was a resource person, representing
the national coordinator at the workshop. One proposal, Agro processing
Technology and women 's Access to markets will be funded.

18

ATPS
TRAINING

Ethiopia National Chapter
On 10 October 2002, ATPS-Ethiopia Chapter held a one-day methodology seminar tobenefit active researchers in the chapter. During the seminar, resource persons andparticipants commented on draft methodologies prepared by grant award winners. The
beneficiaries gained from comments by the participants. The chapter intends to holdmethodology seminars before the fieldwork phase of the research.

Ghana National Chapter
On 12 February 2002, the ATPS-Ghana Chapter organized a national workshop that
also doubled as the Annual General Meeting. About 35 participants attended themeeting. Notable among the participants was Dr Osei, who represented the Deputy
Minister of Science and Environment. The Chairman of the Board of Trustees andNational Coordinator of ATPS-Ghana and the Deputy Minister's representative
delivered three key addresses.
Besides the main addresses, there were three technical presentations, one on
biotechnology and two on ICTs. Mr George Essegbey delivered the presentation on
biotechnology on the topic Technological Capacity Building for Biotechnology
Development: Stakeholder Linkages and Public Dialogue. Mr Essegbey's research
project was the only project from Ghana approved for funding during the 2001 ATPS
Annual Workshop and Conference in Nairobi, Kenya. The first presentation on ICTs
was a joint one by Mr George Obeng and Dr Rudith King. They presented findings froman ongoing research project on the potentials of ICTs in micro and small-scale
enterprises (MSEs) in Africa. This project was initiated by the United Nations
University/ Institute of New Technologies (UNU-INTECH) and is being implemented
in MSE clusters in Ghana and Kenya. Mr Ken Aikins made the other ICT presentation ona research proposal that sought to evaluate the impact of science resource centres insenior secondary schools in Ghana.

Uganda National Chapter
ATPS-Uganda Chapter organized the First Scientific Proposal Writing Workshop forthe authors of concept notes and other researchers in Uganda. Twenty-five participantsfrom the private sector, research institutions and Makerere University attended theworkshop that was held in the Conference Room of the Faculty of Forestry and Nature
Conservation on 17 and 18 June 2002. Renowned scholars and researchers from
Makerere University and the Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC) facilitated theworkshop. The objectives of the workshop were to develop skills for preparing policy
proposals; understand the elements of a winning proposal; analyze examples of good
proposals; and gain practical skills in organizing components of a proposal.

Zimbabwe National Chapter
Training seminar on science and technology planning
A training seminar on S&T planning was held from 7 to 10 March 2002 at
Brondesbury Park Hotel in Nyanga to build the capacity of stakeholders that were to
be involved in S&T plan elaboration. During this training seminar, otherstakeholders learnt that the government had adopted the Research Council of
Zimbabwe (RCZ) document. Twenty-two participants including resource persons
attended the meeting. Dr Michel Nageri of Institut Africain de Développement
Economique et de Planification (IDEP), in Senegal was one of the resource persons.
20

ATPS
COMMUNICATION& OUTREACHSCIENCE COMMUNICATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTATPS joined SciDev.Net in holding a four-day workshop, running from 29
September to 3 October 2002, on Science Communication for Sustainable
Development that took place in Entebbe, Uganda.
The workshop brought together scientists, public relations officers, print andradio/TV journalists along with professionals from academies of science,
government departments, science and technology policy institutions and nongovernmental organizations. Participants were mostly from the eastern African
region but ATPS sponsored eight journalists from Ghana, Cameroon, Swaziland,
Nigeria and Lesotho. They explored how capacity for science communication can beenhanced in the region. ATPS intends to use the journalists to further science andtechnology policy issues through media in the various countries.
The workshop combined presentations from invited speakers (from Africa, Europe
and North America) with a series of practical learning exercises and structured
discussion groups aimed at sharing and strengthening science communication
practices and helping to identify key resource and training needs. Other
collaborating institutions were the African Academy of Sciences (AAS), the Uganda
National Academy of Sciences (UNAS), the Uganda National Council for Scienceand Technology (UNCST), and the InterAcademy Panel (IAP).
Prof Mondo Kagonyera, the Minister for General Duties in the Office of the Prime
Minister, Uganda, highlighted the growing awareness regarding the contribution ofscience and technology to the three pillars of sustainable development. “Firstly, they
contribute to the economic pillar by providing the source of new goods and services
on which any modern economy depends. Secondly, they make major contributions
to the social pillar through research into more effective methods of food production
and the improvement of health through the control of infectious and other diseases.
Thirdly, despite the skepticism of some critics, science and technology also
provides one of the keys to the use of environmental resources in a sustainable
way,” he elaborated. The minister was confident that the workshop would makepractical recommendations to improve skills in science and technology
communication among journalists, public information officers, policy researchers,scientists, politicians, as well as the masses.
Jean-Marc Fleury, the Director of Communications at the International Development
Research Centre (IDRC), Canada, highlighted the amount of trust that the public
places on journalists, saying that they are often seen to give a 'stamp of approval' toa particular story.
The group of almost 50 professional science communicatorsand others directly involved in science communication fromeight African countries came to a consensus on thefollowing:> the need for effective science communication in Africa> the obstacles that create difficulties in achieving thisgoal
> the potential contributions of different institutions and22

Participants of Science Communication for
Sustainable Development Workshop, Entebbe,
Ugandasocial actors> concrete measures that science communicators can takeObstacles
They agreed that the following obstacles limit the ability of science communication
to contribute to economic and social development in Africa.
> low awareness by scientists on the importance of communicating their research
to the public> low awareness by media editors and other 'gatekeepers', resulting for example
in a poor market for science stories in Africa> inadequate infrastructure and basic working tools (for example, internet
connectivity) for science communicators> insufficient resources committed to science communication> lack of suitable professional training and personal development opportunities
for science communicators> poor remuneration for science journalists

Institutional responsibilities
To help overcome these obstacles they suggested that:> Governments should introduce comprehensive policies and strategies onscience communication into their national planning and resource allocation,and to strengthen such policies and strategies where these already exist> Scientific bodies, including research institutions and scientific academies,
should actively support science communication, and also enhance thecommunication of their research to the public> Science communicators should develop their professional skills and capacities> International aid agencies should consider introducing support for activities inthis field, and increasing such support where it already exists> National and regional networks to promote science communication should becreated, and the cross-fertilization of ideas and experience between membersof such networks encouraged> Institutions of higher education in Africa, including in particular schools ofmass communication where these exist, should be encouraged to introduce
courses on science communication

Lily Aduke, ATPS Communications & Outreach
Officer, left with Kellen Kebaara, ICRAF
Information Officer, during the Entebbe workshop> Media editors and other 'gatekeepers' should raise the priority given toscience-related stories in their coverage> The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) should consider
supporting science communication in its programmes
The participants also agreed that science communicators should takethe following steps to enhance science communication in Africa:>

organizing professional science communication associations(for example, associations of science writers or public affairs)
on a national basis
compiling a regional database of science communicators>compiling a short introductory booklet aimed at those whowant to become science communicators>developing ways to recognize and reward best practice in23science communication, for example through annual science writing or science
communication prizes> investigating ways to reduce the cost of access to electronic information about
science> exploring ways to develop and support internships and other practical ways ofbuilding bridges between scientists and science communicators investigating
the use of science days and other such events to promote science

SCIENTIFIC REVIVAL DAY IN AFRICA
June 30 of each year will remain an important day in the calendar of African policy
makers, scientists and industrialists. It is a day that Africa and its people rededicate
their efforts to scientific and technological development.
The Organization of African Unity (OAU) declared this day as the Scientific Revival
Day of Africa in 1987. But not much happened after the declaration. In 2002, ATPSin keeping within its brokerage role decided to awaken the scientific community in
Kenya to mark this day by organizing a roundtable discussion.
During the discussion it was the view of a number of leading scientists that African
governments should allocate more resources to science and technology as is being
done in the developed nations and the Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs).
Dr Osita Ogbu, the Executive Director of the African Technology Policy Studies
Network (ATPS), said, “This should be a day for Africa to note what we have notachieved including the missed cues and inventions, lack of interest andinappropriate environment for science and technology to thrive.” He also pointed
out that there is need for Africa to invest in research and build capacities that would
enable countries to own technology and direct these technologies to Africa's real
problems while maximizing benefits. Ogbu gave the example of NICs, such as
Brazil, China and India that have achieved sustained growth, saying that suchcountries have a strong determination to build indigenous science and technology
capacities.
He explained that this is evident from their research and development (R&D)
expenditures and the number of researchers per million inhabitants. The NICs
spend US$66 per inhabitant while China spends $17,India $11 and Africa $6.
Statistics indicate that sub-Saharan Africa has 113 researchers per million
population compared to China's 454, India's 151 and NICs 595. With the African
Union (AU) in place there is need to impress upon national governments to put
science and technology research and application a top priority item.
He said that many of the governments have set a target of being
industrialized by 2020. Experts predict that, this would not be thecase if the social context of science and technology were notconsidered. They argue that the direction of development andimpact of any given technology is shaped by social and economic
forces embedded in well-crafted science and technology policies.
African experts blame their national governments for neglecting thepledges they made from the Lagos Plan of Action of 1980, to set
aside one % of their Gross Domestic Products (GDP) for researchand development by 1990. It is clear that African political leaders,
24

Some members from the Scientific fraternity who
attended the 2002 event. Seated, from left, Prof
R. Michieka, JKUAT, Dr O. Ogbu, ATPS. Standing,from left Dr S. Salim, ICRISAT, Prof J. Massaquoi,
UNESCO/ATPS Board, Dr J. Mugabe, NEPAD, Mr
K. Aduda, KIRDI, Mr E. Agevi, ITDG, Dr H.
Herren, ICIPE

at least on paper, understand the importance of science and technology in the socioeconomic development of the continent. African governments have all creatednational science councils with lofty objectives but given them very little resources
with which to champion their mandates.
In Kenya, for example, only 0.01 % of GDP is set aside for research and developmentthat is supposed to be shared by all government research institutions. Time hascome for African governments to respect their commitments to promote science andtechnology for development. It is time that governments put in place policies thatcan be implemented to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) make technologicallinkages to their local firms that would eventually propel autonomous technicalchanges. All hope is not gone for Africa, the continent has another opportunity
through the NEPAD process to acquire and sustain its science and technologicalcapabilities. These were the sentiments expressed by the ATPS Executive Director.
Ogbu and other scientists told journalists that they, as the fourth estate, also have asocial responsibility to popularize science and technology in the continent.
Dr John Mugabe, Executive Secretary of the African Commission on Science andTechnology, linked to NEPAD said, “Africa must invest more resources in scienceand technology if it is to develop.”
Voicing their opinion during the Scientific Revival Day for Africa, scientists in
Nairobi said the NEPAD initiative must champion and popularize science andtechnology as the real forces for socio-economic growth. Many were of the opinion
that science should be approached in a more holistic manner that would help foster
linkages with political, social, economic, traditional, chemical, biological andgeological systems. There is need to emphasize effective structures rather thansticking to dormant or dying institutions and science should be part of the people's
culture.
While officially opening the event, the Kenyan Minister for Science and Technology,
Mr Gideon Ndambuki, said that the government, through its National Council for
Science and Technology (NCST), must work towards reviving the Science andTechnology Act. This will include putting more emphasis on biotechnology,
information technology, allocation of more resources for research and development
and identification of appropriate partners in funding research.
Hon Gideon Ndambuki, Minister for Education,
Science & Technology opening the event, on his
right is Prof R. Michieka, Vice Chancellor, JKUATThe African Union-InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR) in aspeech read on behalf of the Director, Dr Jotham Musiime, urged African
governments to increase allocation of funding for thecontinent's research and development activities that will
include capacity building especially in emerging technologies
like biotechnology.
The African Academy of Sciences (AAS) Director, Prof G. B.
A. Okello said that the institution was consideringstrengthening two science centres in Nigeria and Ghana. He
appealed for the setting up of more centres in basic sciences
like mathematics and biotechnology.

25

Prof Ratemo Michieka, the Vice-Chancellor of Jomo Kenyatta University ofAgriculture and Technology (JKUAT) said that there are fewer doctoral students inscience subjects like maths, physics and chemistry. He urged that something needs
to be done to change the trend.
A second major concern was brain drain due to “lack of recognition of opportunities
to further one's career. Africa needs to value and respect its scientists for theircontribution to society,” said Prof Judi Wakhungu, Executive Director of African
Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS).
Dr Hans Herren, the Director of the International Centre for Insect Physiology andEcology (ICIPE), said that farmers too needed recognition and called for the
motivation of the private sector's involvement in science and technology fordevelopment.
Members of the civil society and private sector were also present at this event that
discussed how to revive science and technology in Africa and the role of the various
actors. In the coming years, the event will take the form of an exhibition where key
players will be asked to demonstrate what they have been doing to promote scienceand technology.

Ethiopia National Chapter
The National Coordinator continues to enlighten people about the seriousness ofthe brain drain from Africa. The article that he wrote for a popular local newspaper(The Reporter) continues to be quoted widely. The next step in his work is toinvestigate the intentions and future plans of returnees from abroad. ATPS-Ethiopia,
in collaboration with a private consulting firm, has submitted a pre-proposal to the
National ICT Program (of the Ministry of Capacity Building) to undertake a nationwide survey on ICT in Ethiopia.

Ghana National Chapter
The ATPS Ghana Chapter Organized an Information Communication Technology(ICT) Policy Roundtable discussion at the La Palm Beach Hotel in Accra on 13
February 2002. In attendance were about 40 ICT experts, professionals and ATPSGhana Chapter members. Notable among the participants were the Deputy Ministerof Communication and Technology, the Late Hon. John Achuliwor, Prof Alex
Agyapong, former Vice Chancellor of the University of Cape Coast, Prof Clement
Dzidonu, a renowned African ICT expert, and Dr Nii Narku Quaynor, Chairman andChief Executive Officer of Network Computer Systems (NCS), one of the two majorinternet service providers in Ghana. The roundtable wasorganized to discuss the draft National ICT Policy Documentwith the view of making critical inputs to feed into the
documents.

Kenya National Chapter
The ATPS Kenya Chapter and the secretariat staff jointly met
the Constitution of Kenya Review Commission (CKRC) on 20
February 2002. Through Bernard Sihanya, a member of thechapter, a presentation was made based on the ATPS
Technopolicy Brief, How Can We Constitutionalize
26

How can we constitutionalize innovation,technology and intellectual property rights? ATPS
Kenya Chapter members during a presentation to
the CKRC, left to right, Alex Gacuhi, Nancy Baraza,
the late Dr Ooki Ombaka, Bernard Sihanya

Innovation, Technology and Intellectual Property? The following questions wereraised during the discussion:
What is the role of innovation and technology in social, economic and politicaldevelopment?
What is the place of intellectual property in Kenya's development?
How can innovation, technology and international property in Kenya beconstitutionalized?
According to Sihanya, Kenya's intellectual property system promises to protect all
stakeholders in the political economy. However, the constitutional and regulatory
law and process and the institutional profiles are inadequate. He informed thecommissioners that the scenerio is crying for constitutional, legal, policy andinstitutional reform. Kenya needs to constitutionalize norms that promote innovation
and also make offices that regulate intellectual property politically and financiallyautonomous through clear constitutional and legal provisions.
Seminar on Science and technology issues that affect the productivity of the agricultural sector in Kenya
ATPS-Kenya held a seminar, on 17 October 2002, to address science and technology
issues that affect the productivity of the agricultural sector in Kenya. The objectiveof the seminar that was attended by representatives from the private sector andgovernment departments was to share the results and findings from the ATPS
supported research. Papers that were presented discussed such issues as increased
banana production through biotechnology; technology policy issues for small-scalehorticultural development; increased production of green leaf for the smallholder
tea farmer and technology transfer and gender roles in tea and coffee production.
The forum also provided an opportunity for the Horticultural Crops Development
Authority (HCDA) to present a paper that articulated its policy concerns and tochallenge researchers to use their skills to urgently provide needed ideas on how to
improve the sector.

Lesotho National Chapter
Information-sharing of science and technology policy meeting
Of Lesotho's S&T policy formulation was given high priority by the ATPS-Lesotho
Chapter in 2002 and some of its members participated in the Department of
Science and Technology's national information-sharing on S&T policy.
Media
A media S&T information sharing meeting was held in July 2002. The journalists
were informed about the activities, mission and objectives of ATPS, and about the
Lesotho Chapter in particular. A general information meeting session for the
Lesotho-based media followed this meeting on 20 December 2002 at the Lerotholi
Polytechnic in Maseru.
Library
In line with the ATPS-LSC agreement to establish a centre in Maseru, beside thecurrent National University of Lesotho (NUL) based (ISAS) centre, theadministration of the Lerotholi Polytechnic had agreed to make a section of its
library available for the purpose. Already some furniture has been purchased and27arrangements are underway to purchase a computer to facilitate e-mail and Internet
facilities on S&T issues. The Maseru-based ATPS-LSC centre is crucial to thesuccess of S&T in Lesotho. The centre was officially opened on 20 December 2002.

Nigeria National Chapter
Essay Competition
ATPS-Nigeria organized two essay competitions for university and senior secondary
school students. For the undergraduates, the topic was, “The Place of Emerging
Science and Technology in the Development Process” and for the secondary school
students, it was The Role of the Youth in Science and Technology Development
in Nigeria. This was an exercise meant to sensitize the youth on the importance of
science and technology in Nigeria's economic and social development. The
competition elicited a lot of interest. ATPS-Nigeria also actively participated in anational workshop to develop a national biotechnology research agenda for Nigeria
and in a stakeholder forum on information technology. The relationship built fromthese collaborations helped to create avenues for dissemination of ATPS researchand in turn feed the research process.
Research Dissemination Seminar
The chapter also organized a one-day research dissemination workshop in Abuja.
Ten ATPS funded research reports were presented at this seminar. It also provided
an opportunity for other relevant research papers on science and technology to bepresented to the wide audience that was present in Abuja. One such paper on breadmanufacturing was extensively reported in the media and has now fed into the policy
process of the National Drug Administration Agency (NDAA). This brokerage roleis increasingly emphasized by ATPS.

Tanzania National Chapter
Mainstreaming Science and Technology into the Poverty Reduction Strategy
On 9 September 2002, the Tanzania Chapter organized a workshop, Mainstreaming
Science and Technology into the Poverty Reduction Strategy. Key decisions weretaken during the workshop. The purpose of the roundtable meeting was to put
together stakeholders in S&T and Poverty eradication to assess and shareexperience on the progress that have been achieved in poverty reduction and how
S&T can be mainstreamed in the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). The
roundtable meeting drew about 25 participants from different parts of the country
representing different institutions.
The following key policy people participated:> The Director of Macro-economy in the President's office, who is also the
Chairperson of the Research and Analysis Group in the Poverty Reduction
Strategy (PRS) structure> The Director of Science and Technology in the ministry of S&T and Higher
Education> The Director General of Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology
The major objective of the round table was to bring in technology dimension into
the PRS. In the current version of the PRSP, technology is at best implied and atworst not even referred to in any way in most of the Tanzanian PRS.
Five background papers led the discussion around the above major objective on thefollowing topics:
28

> Technology and Wealth Creation> Agricultural Productivity and Technology with special emphasis on
biotechnology> Science and Technology Intervention in Water Development for Poverty
Reduction> Health and technology> ICT and Poverty alleviation
The paper presentations were followed by the group work according to the themes .
The groups had two major assignments:> To identify technology programs ready for implementations alongside PRS, andIdentify areas for further research in the respective sectors> A number of issues were raised, these includes areas for future research andmeasures to be taken by PRSP committees as outlined below:> The technology divide is an important indicator of wealth divide between
countries in the world calling for measures to close the divide between the richand the poor in the country and between sectors> S&T and wealth creation are important linkages to poverty reduction. The
policy issue should address how S&T could be improved to create wealthamong the poor.
> S&T in productive sectors raises productivity and thus enhances wealthcreation.
S&T is also important in the social sector to alleviate poverty

Uganda National Chapter
Consultative workshop on the development of a curriculum for Community
Polytechnics in Uganda
In July 2002, the ATPS Uganda Chapter organized and conducted a consultative
workshop on the development of a curriculum for Community Polytechnics in
Uganda. The workshop also discussed the contribution of the private sector andNGOs in the establishment, maintenance and sustenance of community polytechnics
in the country.
The objectives of the workshop were to discuss:> the core contents of a curriculum for Community Polytechnics
the role of the private sector and community in the development of Community
Polytechnics> the way forward for Community Polytechnics
Over 35 participants from the National Curriculum Development Centre, Uganda
Institute of Professional Engineers, Private Sector Foundation, Heads of community
polytechnics, UNCST, Ministry of Education and Sports, representatives of different
Media groups and legislators from the Parliament of Uganda attended the workshop.
The National Coordinator conducted consultative studies on Community
Polytechnics in Uganda for the Ministry of Education and Sports. This was a direct
result of the workshop. The chapter identified a graduate student to study Scienceand Technology Policy in Uganda. This activity was jointly conducted with the
Department of Science and Technical Education (DOSATE) Makerere University.
29Working with the media
In September 2002, the National Coordinator held a meeting with representativesof Monitor Newspaper to explore ways by which the Uganda Chapter and Monitor
publications could jointly work to promote science and technology in the country.
The chapter plans to employ the services of a professional journalist from the mediagroup to publish science briefs when needed.

Publicity material
The chapter developed a symbol, a small round drum drenched in the network
colours against a black cow hide with symbolic beating sticks in the country's
national colours. The chapter also designed a poster depicting the major activities
in the past few years that was presented at ATPS Annual Workshop and Conferencein Abuja Nigeria.

PUBLICATIONSATPS publishes the Working Paper Series (WPS), Research Paper Series (RPS),
Special Paper Series (SPS), Technopolicy Briefs and Executive Summaries. The
network targets six constituencies as its audience: the legislature and executive
policy making organs of the government, the organized private sector, mass media
and the civil society; technical and engineering institutions and the farmers andsmall scale producers.
Since its autonomy in October 2001, ATPS has published 35 documents in the
ATPS Working Paper Series; 14 documents under the Special Paper Series, two
Research Paper Series; four Technopolicy Briefs, three ATPS workshop andconference reports and one report of the 2002 Scientific Revival Day in Africa.
Publications continue to improve in quality and content and are also varied to takeaccount of the different audiences. The Technopolicy Brief Series, designed with thebusy policy maker, in mind are popular. Intended to answer specific policyquestions, they are deliberately written in simple language to serve as advocacy
tools. They are also used to address current policy concerns with a view tomaximizing impact. The Research Paper Series are more technical, targeting policy
makers and policy technocrats.

Cameroon National Chapter
Newsletter
In November 2002, the Cameroon Chapter launched a newsletter to facilitateadvocacy, networking and collaboration with key institutions that deal with issues ofscience and technology in the country.

Lesotho National Chapter
Newsletter
The first Lesotho S&T newsletter was published in February 2002 and disseminatedto government ministries and departments, private sector institutions, nongovernmental organizations, parastatal organizations and secondary and highschools. This was a major information-sharing activity of the ATPS-LSC for the year
2002 (see annexe for the full range of publications).

30

ANNEXES

Publications List
ATPS is a multi-disciplinary network of researchers, policy makers and other end-users interested in the generation, promotion and strengthening of innovative technology/industrial
policies in 17 Africa countries.
ATPS publishes the Working Paper Series, Research Paper Series, Special Paper Series, Technopolicy Briefs and executive summaries. The ATPS targets six constituencies as its
audience, The legislature and executive policy making organs of government, the organized private sector, mass media, civil society, technical and engineering institutions, farmers
and small scale producers.
Papers published under the Working Paper Series (WPS) and Special Paper Series (SPS) are produced through the ATPS small research grants process or from regional projects.
Research Paper Series (RPS) is subjected to strict external reviewing process required before publication. Researchers publishing under the WPS are encouraged to produce final draftsof their reports in easy-to-read format. The WPS does not meet the strict requirements set out for RPS. SPS are commissioned as concept papers, think pieces, leading conference
papers or keynote addresses. The Technopolicy Briefs Series provides critical knowledge and advice on fundamental policy issues in the realm of technology. These briefs are writtenwith the busy policy maker in mind.
iFor any comments and requests get in touch with us through The Executive Director, African Technology Policy Studies Network, 3rd Floor, The Chancery, Valley Road, P.O. Box
10081 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel: 254-020-2714168/092/498. Email: info@atpsnet.org

Working Paper Series

32

Publication Title

Author(s)The Effects of Economic Reform on Technological Capability

T. Adeboye
M.S. D. Bafachwa

Methodological Issues in Science and Technology Policy Research

T. Adeboye
N. Clark

Rehabilitation in the Manufacturing Sector in Tanzania: Approaches Characteristics and Technology Implications

Samuel M. Wangwe

Agricultural Policy and Technology in Sierra Leone

C. Squire
1996

Effectiveness of Agricultural Research Extension in Sierra Leone

A.K. Lakoh
1996

Generation and Utilization of Industrial Innovation in Nigeria

O. Oyeyinka
G.O.A. Laditan
A.O. Esubiyi

Irrigation in the Tuli Block, Botswana Water Conservation Techniques

I.N. Mazonde
1996

Endogenous Technology Capacity and Capability under Conditions

S.E. Chambua

Technology and Female-Owned Business in the Urban Informal Sector of South-West Nigeria

R.O. Soetan

Publication Title

Author(s)Technological Innovations Used to Overcome the Problem of Resource Scarcity in Small Scale Enterprises

C.W. Ngahu

Financing of Science and Technology Institutions in Kenya during Periods of Structural Adjustment

M. Mwamdzingo
1999

Impact of Economic Liberalization on Technologies in Enterprises Processing Agricultural Produce

P. Madaya
1999

Technology and Institutions for Private Small and Medium Firms

B. Oyeyinka
2000

Institutional Reform, Price Deregulation and Technological Change in Smallholder Agriculture

E.C. Eboh
1999

Adoption of Agricultural Technologies by Rural Women under the Women-in-Agriculture Program in Nigeria

D.S. Ugwu
1999

Electrical Power Utilities and Technological Capacity Building in sub-Saharan Africa

Brew-Hammond
1999

Investigation into Factors that Influence the Diffusion and Adoption of Intentions and Innovations from ResearchInstitutes and Universities in Kenya

H.M. Bwisa
A. Gachui

The Effects of Economic Reforms on the Quality of Technological Manpower Development in Nigeria

H.E. Nnebe
1999

Issues in Yam Minisett Technology Transfer to Farmers in Southern Nigeria

Michael Madukwe
Damian Ayichi
Ernest C. Okoli
2000

Technological Response to Telecommunications Development: A Study of Firms and Institutions in Nigeria

Adeyinka F. Modupe
2001

Gender Differences in Small Scale Rice Farmers' Access to Technological Inputs in Enugu State of Nigeria

David Nwoye Ezeh
2001

Adoption of Sustainable Palm Oil Mini-Processing Technology in Nigeria

Nkechi Mbanefoh
2001

Domestic Energy Situation in Nigeria: Technological Implications and Policy Alternatives

Olabisi I. Aina
2001

Technological Capability in the Nigerian Leather Industry: A Firm-Level Case StudyUka Ezenwe
E. DikeA. Ihuoma
Mike Duru
2001

33

Publication Title

Author(s)Agriculture Research and Delivery in the South-Eastern Highlands of Ethiopia: A Case Study of the SG-2000 Approach in Hitosa District

G. Yiemene
2001

Impact of Computer Technology on Banking Operations in Nigeria

A.I. Odebiyi
2001

Agricultural Technology Adoption on Small-Holder Farmers: Policy Options for Nigeria

J.O. Olusi
2001

Donor Funding and Sustainability of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Technologies in Swaziland

Aja Okorie
M. Mabuza
Uzoma Aja-Okorie
2001

Promotion of Production and Utilization of Ceramic Roofing Materials in the Informal Housing Industry in Sierra Leone.

Tamba Jamiru
2001

Technology Transfer and Acquisition in the Oil Sector and Government Policy in Nigeria.

R.I. Chima
E.A. Owioduoki
R.I. Ogoh
2002

Acquisition of Technological Capability in Africa: A Case Study of Indigenous Building Materials in Nigeria.

Yomi Oruwai
Margaret Jev
Opuene Owei
2002

Analysis of Indigenous Knowledge in Swaziland: Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development.

Musa A. Dube
Patricia J. Mus
2002

Analysis and Comparison of the Agricultural Development Programme and University Agricultural Technology
Transfer System in Nigeria.

M.C. Madukwe
E.C. Okoli
S.O. Eze
2002

Special Paper Series

34

Publication Title

Author (s)Globalization and Technology: Africa's Participation and Perspectives: Concept Paper and Research Agenda

Melvin Ayogu
Osita Ogbu
2002

Globalization, Markets for Technology and the Relevance of Innovation Policies in Developing Economies

Sunil Mani
2002

Biotechnology in sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a Policy Research Agenda

John MugabePublication Title

Author (s)The Impact of Globalization in Sub-Saharan Africa Countries

Mwindaace N. Siamwiza
2002

A Blueprint for Developing National ICT Policy in Africa

Clement Dzidonu
2002

Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Technology Transfer in Africa

Moses M. Ikiara
2002

Pursuing Technology Policy Research in Sub-Saharan Africa: Reflections on the Dimensions,Applications and Implications of a Methodological Framework

M.H. Khalil-Tammy
2002

African Response to the Information Communication Technology Revolution

G. Olalere Ajayi
2002

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs): Poverty Alleviation and Universal Access Policies

Andrew Dymond
Sonja Oestmann
2002

ICT Human Resource Development in Africa: Challenges, Strategies and Options

T.M. Waema
2002

Application of ICTs in Africa: Development of Knowledge Workers in Centers of Learning

John M. Waibochi
2002

State of Science and Technology Capacity in sub-Saharan Africa

M. H. Khalil-Timamy
2002

Strengthening National Information and Communication Technology Policy in Africa: Governance, Equity and Institutional Issues

Melvin Ayogu
2003

A Science Agenda from an African Perspective

Turner T. Isoun
2002

Technopolicy Briefs
Publication Title

Author (s)Who Benefits from the International Intellectual Property Rights Regime? And What Should Africa Do?

Ha-Joon Chang
2001

How Can we Constitutionalize Innovation, Technology and Intellectual Property in Kenya?

Bernard Sihanya
2002

What Can Biotechnology Do for Africa? How Can the Associated Risks and Uncertainties Be Managed?

Norman Clark
2002

Who Needs Technology Policy?

Ha-Joon Chang
2002
35

Research Paper Series
Publication Title

Author (s)Small Scale Farmers Adoptive Responses to Banana Biotechnology in Kenya: Implications for Policy.

Margaret Karembu
2002

Policy-Induced Local Sourcing of Raw Materials and Technology Development in Nigerian Industry?

Femi Kayode
Ademola Oyejide
Afolabi Soyode
2002

ATPS Workshop and Conference Reports
Publication Title

Author (s)Globalization and Technology: Report of the ATPS 7th Annual Workshop, Lusaka, Zambia. November 2000

ATPS
2001

ICT for Development in Africa: Report of the ATPS 1ST Annual Workshop held on October 29 November 1, 2001

ATPS

Others36

Publication Title

Author (s)ATPS Annual Report 2001

ATPS
2001

Research Grants
Grantee(s)TitleYear started

Status/Stage

Itika, J.S.

Managing Manufacturing Firms in a Competitive Environment: Systems Approach to theAssessment of the Role of Technological Acquisition Process in Tanzania

2002

On-going

Adeboye, A

The Impact of World Trade Organization's Intellectual Property Rights on the Nigeria's Domestic
Technological Capability (The Case of Nwewi Industrial Cluster)

2002

On-going

Manyire, H.

Technology Attributes, Farmer Perceptions and Adoption Decisions: the Case of Improved Cereal
Varieties

2002

On-going

Uguru

Information Technology: Access, Capabilities and Use among Administrators of Agro-technology
Transfer Programmes in South-eastern Nigeria

2002

On-going

Ogwo

Technological Development in the Maintenance Operations of Imported Used Automobiles andTheir Policy Implications for the Automobile Industry in Nigeria

2002

On-going

Ezeh, D.

Poverty, Gender and Environmental Degradation: Technology Adoption and Use in the
Production of Staple Food in Nigeria

2002

On-going

Essegbey, G.

Technological Capacity Building for Biotechnology Development: Stakeholders Linkages andPublic Dialogue

2002

On-going

Khalil, Randiki

Innovations and Capacity Utilisation in the Kenya Textile Sector

2002

On-going

Masha et al

A Review of the Policy Framework towards Strengthening of Fish Industry in Kenya

2002

On-going

Ndalut, P, Rono, P.

Technology Adoption Challenges and Obstacles Facing Small and medium Enterprises inAgro-processing of Oilseeds in Western Kenya

2002

On-going

Squire, C.

Strategic Integration of S&T into National Reconstruction and Development Planning Processes
for Sustainable Development in Sierra Leone

2002

On-going

Phiri, D.

Information Technology and Implementation in Public Service Organizations in Zambia:
Policy, Organizational, Economic and Legal Implicatons

2002

On-going

Keregero, M.

Linking Appropriate Technology Utilization by Rural Women and Household Food Security
in Swaziland

2002

On-going

Mashinini et al

Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Sustainable Agriculture in Lesotho, the Case ofSorghum Production

2002

On-going

Tizazu, T.

Female-Male differentials in the adoption of Agricultural Technologies in Ethiopia

2002

On-going

Dejene, A.

Identification and Recording of Indigenous Knowledge in the Area of
Traditional medicine in Ethiopia

2002

On-going

37

Website Report (June - December 2002)
Usage of the ATPS Website has been growing steadily since June 2002, sessions served have progressively grown from 53 in June to 1367 in December 2002 with 1485 November
2002 being the most active month. The Total number of hits also grew from 1675 in June to 8428 in December 2002 with 8509 in November 2002 being the highest. Overall themost commonly accessed page is the home page (/default.asp), this page also ended up being the entry and exit point page. Most browsers used either the MSIE 5.x or an Unknown
browser to access our website. There were a few who used Windows NT. Most of our users were referred to our website by 3 domains internetconferences.nl, google.com, oryahoo.com. An interesting observation is that in the months of November and December 2002 the most active new referring URL were scidev.nt and infodev.org.
The Sessions by Network Location report are not be a true representation of the facts because the report shows that there was no traffic from Africa where our researchers constitute, this isbecause our website is hosted in the United States and statistics recorded are biased towards North America.
Below are graphs showing the website activity between the months of June and December 2002.

ATPS Website: Server Activity (Jun - Nov 2002)
200000180000160000140000120000Total time spent by all sessions in seconds
Total non page view hits

100000Total hits made on server
Total sessions served

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
June

July

AugustSeptember

OctoberNovember

December

ATPS Website: Session Averages (Jun - Dec 2002)
1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

Average time spent per session in seconds
Average hits per session
Total sessions served

800

600

400

200

0
June

July

AugustSeptember

OctoberNovember

December

ATPS Website: Session Origins (Jun - Dec 2002)
1600

1400

1200

1000

800

Total sessions served

600

400

200

0

38

June

July

AugustSeptember

OctoberNovember

DecemberBalance Sheet as at 31st December, 2002.
Total Assets:

Motor vehicles and equipment

Intangible assets

Receivables

Fixed deposits

Bank and cash balances

Balance Sheet as at 31st December, 2002.
Funds and Liabilities:

US $43,585(Notes 11)

US $309,222(Notes 10)

General fundPayables and accruals

39

40

41

42

43

Transfer of assets and liabilities
On 1 October 2001, ATPS programmes separated from IDRC. The assets
and liabilities relating to ATPS was transferred to the autonomous ATPS
as appropriate. Assets and liabilities from IDRC were transferred at cost.

2

44

INCOMEUS$

Dutch Government
International Development Research Centre
Rockfeller Foundation
Carnegie Corporation
Ford Foundation
Nigerian Federal Ministry of Science and Technology
COMESAOPEC Fund
Coca-Cola EA
Interest income

400,000
428,629
225,000
153,761
150,000
50,00049,42340,00037,3582,245

Total income

1,536,416

ATPS National Coordinators
Botswana
Dr. John Mothibi
Lecturer, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
University of Botswana
P/Bag 0061
Gaborone, Botswana
Tel: +267 3554348
Fax: +267 3952309
E-mail: mothibij@mopipi.ub.bw

Kenya
Mr. Alex R. Gacuhi
Director of Research
Ministry of Planning and National Development
P. O. Box 30568,
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: +254 20 216947
Fax: +254 20 215349
Email: agacuhi1@yahoo.com

Cameroon
Mr. Sylvester Ndeso Atanga
Lecturer, Epidemology & Public HealthFaculty of Health Sciences
University of Buea
P.O. Box 63
South West Province
Republic of Cameroon
Telefax: +237 32 2595
Email: ndemasa2001@yahoo.com

LesothoProf. Zacharia A. Matsela
Retired Professor of Education
National University of Lesotho
P.O. Roma 180
LesothoTel: +266 340601
Fax: +266 340000
Email: care of Limakatso Rankol.ranko@nul.ls

Swaziland
Dr. Musa Dube
Faculty of Agriculture
University of Swaziland
Luyengo Campus
P. O. Luyengo, Swaziland
Tel: +268 5283021-3
Fax: +268 83021/83441
Email: madube@agric.uniswa.sz

Ethiopia
Dr. Dejene Aredo
Associate Professor of Economics
Addis Ababa University
P.O. Box 1176
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Tel: +251 1 551163
Fax: +251 1 551399
Email: aredodejene@yahoo.com

NigeriaProf. Michael C. Madukwe
Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension
University of Nigeria
Nsukka, Enugu State
Nigeria
Tel: +234 42 771019
Fax: +234 42 771500
Email: natps@hyperia.com or
madukwe@hyperia.com

Tanzania
Mrs. Bitrina D. Diyamett
Senior Scientific Officer
Tanzania Council for Science and Technology(COSTECH)
P.O. Box 32183
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tel: +007 222 700745
Fax: +007 222 775313
Email: bitrind@yahoo.com

Prof. Femi Olokesusi
Nigerian Institute for Socialand Economic Research (NISER)
P.M.B 5 UI Post Office
Oyo Road, Ojoo
Ibadan, Nigeria
Tel: +234 2 8103345/8102904
Fax: +234 2 2413121
Email: olokesus@niser.org.ng

UgandaDr. Joseph Obua
Lecturer, Faculty of Forestry & Nature Conservation
Makerere University
P.O. Box 7062
Kampala, Uganda
Tel: +256 41 543 647
Fax: +256 41 533 574
Email: obua@foresmuk.mak.ac.ug

SenegalDr. Medou Diakhaté
Consultant SISERA &External Lecturer - IDEPBP 12160 Dakar Senegal
Phone: (221) 559-9589
E-mail: m_diakhate@hotmail.com

ZambiaThe Gambia
Mr. Ernest R. Aubee
Fase Programme
UNDP
Kofi Annan Street, Cape Point
Bakau, The Gambia
Tel: +220 495071/74/89
Fax: +220 494758
Email: ilo@qanet.gm
Ghana
Mr. George Owusu Essegbey
Senior Scientific Secretary
STEPRI/C.S.I.R.
P.O. Box CT 519,
Accra, Ghana
Tel: +233 21 773856
Fax: +233 21 773068
Email: goessegbey@hotmail.com

Sierra Leone
Mr. Chris Squire
Head, Dept of Mechanical Engineering
University of Sierra Leone
c/o Computech, 22 Pultney St.
P.O. Box 603
Freetown, Sierra Leone
Tel: +232 22 227831
Fax: +232 22 227453
Email: chris@sierratel.sl

Ms. Charlotte M. Wonani
LecturerDevelopment Studies Dept.
University of Zambia
P.O. Box 32379
Lusaka, Zambia
45Board Members
Prof. Norah K. Olembo (Chair)(Kenya)(Professor of Biochemistry)
Director
Kenya Industrial Property Office (KIPO)PO Box 51648
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254-20-602210/1/06306/606326
Fax: 254-20-606312
E-mail: kipi@swifkenya.com

Ms. Yolonda Richardson(U.S.A.)(Lawyer and Public Health Specialist)
General Counsel
African Development Foundation
1400 Eye Street, NW
Washington, D.C. 200005
USA
Tel: 202-673 3916
E-mail: ycrichardson@adf.org

Prof. Turner T. Isoun (Nigeria)(Professor of Science)
Honourable Minister
Federal Ministry of Science and Technology
New Federal Secretariat
Shehu Shagari Way, PMB 331
Abuja, Nigeria
Tel: 234-9-523 3397
Fax: 234-9-523 4390
E-mail: isoun@aol.com

Prof. Oliver Saasa(Zambia)(Professor of Political Economy andformer ATPS Researcher)
Research Professor
INESOR/University of Zambia
P.O. Box 30900
Lusaka, Zambia
Tel. No.: 2601-265 290
Fax No.: 260-1-265 290
E-mail: osaasa@zamnet.zm

Prof. Joseph George Momodu Massaquoi(Sierra Leone)(Professor of Engineering)
Senior Programme Specialist
UNESCO Nairobi Office
PO Box 30592
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254-20-622619/20
Fax: 254-20-215991
E-mail: j.massaquoi@unesco.org or
joseph.massaquoi@unesco.unon.org
Prof. Lynn Mytelka (Canada)(Professor of Political Economy and Expert on Technology Policy)
Director
United Nations University/Institute of New Technologies
Keizer Karelplein 19
6211 TC Maastricht
The Netherlands
Tel: 31-43-350 6331
Fax: 31-43-350 6399
E-mail: mytelka@intech.unu.edu

46

Prof. Sam M. Wangwe(Tanzania)(Professor of Economics and former
ATPS Researcher)
Senior Associate
Economic & Social Research Foundation
PO Box 31226
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tel: 255-22-276 0752
Fax: 255-22-276 0062
E-mail: swangwe@esrf.or.tz
Dr. Osita Ogbu (ex-officio)(Nigeria)
Executive Director
African Technology Policy Studies Network
PO Box 10081-00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254-20-2714092/714168/714498
Fax: 254-20-2714028
E-mail: oogbu@atpsnet.org

Secretariat Staff
Dr Osita Ogbu
Executive Director
John Kariuki Kagondu
Finance & Administration Manager
Sheila Maina
Research Officer
Lily Aduke
Communications & Outreach Officer
Lucy Mwangi
Programme & Publications Administrator (from June 2002)
Maurice Ochieng Bolo
Research Assistant (from May 2002)
Carol Thuku
Senior Secretary
Laban Chiko Mungoma
Accounts Assistant (from December 2002)
Carolyn Oduya Ochieng
Secretary/Administrative Assistant (December 2002)
Agnes Rimbere
Receptionist

47

ATPS Donors

International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
Royal Dutch Government
The Rockefeller Foundation
African Development Bank (ADB)The Carnegie Corporation of New YorkThe OPEC Fund
InfoDev
The World Bank
Ford Foundation
Coca-Cola Eastern Africa

48

ATPS
MemberCountries

SenegalGambiaSierra Leone
Liberia

Nigeria
Ghana Cameroon

Ethiopia
UgandaKenya
Tanzania

ZambiaZimbabwe

Botswana
Swaziland
Lesotho

Malawi

Edited by: Lily Aduke | Editorial Assistant: Lucy Mwangi |Proofreader: khadija Nguvu | Design & Layout: Sammy Mwirigi |Printed by: Majestic Printers