はしがき

グローバル化が進む現代では、コミュニケーション能力が必要とされています。特に英語によるコミュニケーション能力は、今後の世界では欠かせないものでしょう。そこでは、英語による簡単な挨拶だけでなく、社会問題や文化的な話題など幅広いトピックについて説明し、意見を述べる英語力が求められます。
本書は、英語でのディスカッションやプレゼンテーションへと繋がるような基礎的なコミュニケーション力を養う内容で構成されています。

1. 目標

学生が基本的な英語のコミュニケーション能力を身につけることを目標とし、コミュニケーションに必要な技能が含まれています。最終目標は英語の発信力を身につけることです。

2. 質問とアクティビティ４技能に対応した質問とアクティビティが入っています。それぞれ 3 段階（上級・中級・初級）の内容が含まれています。

3. トピック

各 Unitのトピックについては、日常生活に関する身近な話題から文化的な内容を入れ、それぞれのトピックに関連した言語機能の学習を付けました。

4. Homework ページ

各 Unitの最後のページに、次の Unitの内容に関する Homeworkをつけました。事前に語彙や表現などを確認してください。

各 Unitには学習目標をつけました。各 Unitの活動のねらいは次のとおりです。

Warm-up
Unitで学習する内容と語彙に関する簡単なアクティビティです。新しい Unitに進む前に確認をしましょう。

Reading
トピックに関連する内容を読み、質問に答えます。次に、Aと Bに分かれて、それぞれが別の内容について読んでお互いに質問をします。読んだ内容を簡単にまとめ、内容に関する自分の意見を述べる力をつけます。

Listening
聴く前に内容に関する質問に答えます。そうすることで聴く内容についての予測ができます。
聴きながらメモを取り、テキストにある問題の解答を考えます。
5

Discussion

読んだり聞いたりした内容について意見交換をし、さらに質問をして回答をまとめます。そうすることで、自分の意見を様々な角度から見直し、最終的な意見へと導きます。

Activity
Unitで得た表現や情報を楽しみながら使う機会を提供します。英語で活動を行うことで実際の言語体験をすることができ、知識を自分のものにすることができるでしょう。

本書の様々な活動を通して、英語で考え、伝えることへの積極的な姿勢と自信がつき、さらに先へ進むことを願っています。
筆者一同

Foreword
Effective communication skills are required as globalization advances, especially inEnglish. Starting with simple greetings, with this text you will expand your English skills
and be able to discuss a wide range of topics such as social problems, cultural topics, andopinions.
This book is composed of contents that cultivate basic communication skills leading todiscussions and presentations in English.

1. GoalT he basic goa l is for you to acqu ire English-la ng uage sk ills necessa r y forcommunication. Your final goal is to be able to thoroughly convey your thoughts andfeelings in English.

2. Questions and Activities
Questions and activities involve practice of all four language skills. This textbook
is designed to be adaptable for three levels of classes (advanced, intermediate, andbeginner).

3. Topic
Each unit includes cultural content from familiar topics and related language
functions.
64. Homework pages
Before each unit is a homework section. Please check the vocabulary andexpressions and answer the questions to help you prepare for the topic of thefollowing unit.

The purpose of each unit’s activities is as follows.

Warm-upThis is a simple activity introducing the contents and vocabulary.

Reading
You will read text that provides information on the topic and then answer
comprehension and expansion questions. Also, you and a partner will readdifferent short texts then briefly summarize what you have learned and express
your opinions.

Listening
Before listening, questions are given to allow you to think about the topic
beforehand. This will improve your comprehension. Read the comprehension
questions and take notes during the listening.

Discussion

Here, you will exchange opinions on the contents, ask further questions, andcompile answers. You will review your ideas from various angles and put
together your final opinion.

Activity
The activities provide opportunities to use the language and information fromthe unit in an interesting way. By doing the activity in English, you are gaining
real language experience and consolidating your knowledge.

Through the various English activities in this book, we hope that you will become
confident in thinking and communicating in English and that you continue to doso even after this course has finished.
The authors

7ContentsUnit 1

Introduction Ⅰ
Getting to know your classmates ……………………………… 11□ Getting to know your classmates□ Learning classroom English

Unit 2

Memories and Experiences

Unit 3

Food and Cooking ………………………………………………… 21…………………………… 15□ Asking and talking about experiences□ Giving instructions□ Asking questions

Unit 4

Health ……………………………………………………………………………… 27

Unit 5

Humans and Animals …………………………………………… 33□ Asking for and giving advice□ Expressing opinions□ Agreeing and disagreeing

Unit 6

Telling Stories ……………………………………………………………… 39□ Storytelling and reacting

Unit 7

Emotions ………………………………………………………………………… 45□ Describing feelings and emotions

Unit 8Introduction ⅡTalking about summer break ……………………………………… 51□ Talking about summer break□ Review of speaking and listening skills

Unit 9Intelligence ………………………………………………………………… 55□ Asking for information□ Clarifying

Unit 10Superstitions ………………………………………………………………… 61

Unit 11Comparing Cultures ……………………………………………… 67

Unit 12Apologies ……………………………………………………………………… 73

Unit 13

Communication ………………………………………………………… 79□ Expressing beliefs and abstract ideas□ Talking about similarities□ Apologizing and forgiving□ Using non-verbal communication□ Arguing about a topic

Unit 14

Future Plans ………………………………………………………………… 85□ Expressing speculation and possibilities

AppendicesReading for Discussion ………………………………………………………………………… 91
Writing Tasks …………………………………………………………………………………………… 121

Homework for Unit 5Topic

Function

Humans and Animals
Expressing opinions / Agreeing and disagreeing

A Before the next lesson, you should understand the meanings of these words

and phrases. If you are not sure of the meaning, please look it up in the
dictionary and write its definition.
Word

Definition

nutritiona vegetarianvegetarianism
to raise (an animal)
textureto prefera cageWord

Definition

hypocriticala veterinarian
cruel / cruelty
to have empathy
an investigatora zoologist
uniquea detective

B In the next unit, we will learn about humans and animals from different countries.

Think about your answers to these questions and write down some notes.

1.	
Do you have a pet? If no, would you like to have one? Why or why not?
2.	What is your favorite book or movie that has an animal in it?
3.	Do you eat meat? If yes, what kinds of meat? If no, why not?
4. Do you like going to zoos or aquariums? Why or why not?
5.	What is your opinion about how humans use animals (for food, protection,entertainment, sport, transportation, etc.)?
C Exercise on expressing opinions, agreeing, and disagreeing.

Express opinions

Agree

DisagreeI think …
I believe …
I suppose …
In my opinion …

I agree.
I think so, too.
You’re right.
Yes, exactly.

I disagree.
No, I don’t think so.
No way.
I see what you mean, but …

Example

A: Do you agree that humans should be vegetarians?
B: It’s better for the environment so I sort of agree, but I don’t think it’s realistic.
Write an example dialogue here

A:
B:
32

Unit

5Humans and Animals
Learning
Goal

Expressing opinions
Agreeing and disagreeing

Warm-upLook at the photos and answer the following questions with your partner or group.

1. What are the animals doing in each photo?
2. How do human’s use the animals in each photo?
3. Do you have a pet or work with animals? If no, would you like to?
4. What ways do humans use animals? Make a list.
Examplesfood, protection, sport, transportation, etc.

VocabularyFill in the blanks with the vocabulary words from the Homework. You may needto change the form of the word to make it fit with the sentence.
1. I think it isto put animals in cages because they are not happy.

2. She became a veterinarian because shewanted to help them.
3. Sheila’s family
for sweaters.

sheep on their farm. They use the sheep’s wool

4. The senbei was old so its
5. Thefor animals andwas soft, not crispy.

studied the crime and found the thief.
33

Reading
Pre-reading: You will read about the different reasons some people arevegetarians. Talk with your partner or group and imagine at least two
reasons people might not eat meat. Share with the class.
Read: You have about ten minutes to read and answer the questions below.
Then check your answers with your partner or group.
DL 18

CD 18

Vegetarianism
It is a fact that many humans eat animals. Some people eat them for nutritionand others eat them because, in their opinion, animal meat tastes good.
However, vegetarians do not eat animals at all. Surprisingly, there are manyreasons. Religion, environment, health, and taste are just four of thesereasons.
Some people do not eat meat because of their religion. Some religions, likeJainism, believe that all animals have a soul. They believe we should not killor harm any living creature.
We know that raising animals for food damages the environment. Animal
farms can cause a lot of air and water pollution. Thus, some people choose tobecome vegetarians to help protect the environment.
Other vegetarians choose not to eat meat for their health. They suppose that byeating less fat, they will be healthier. It is true that vegetarians have less riskof heart disease, but they must be careful to get enough vitamins like B12.
Finally, some people are vegetarians simply because they do not like thetaste, smell, or texture of meat. These people prefer eating vegetables andfruit because, in their opinion, they taste better.

1. Why do some people eat meat?
2. What do some religions believe about eating meat?
3. Why do some people think that vegetarianism is good for the environment?

34

Humans and Animals Unit 5

4. Do you think being a vegetarian is healthier? Why or why not?
5. Do you eat meat? If no, why not? If yes, what kinds of meat do you like and dislike?
6. Do you believe that there are some kinds of animals humans should not eat?
Look at the photos below and draw a line between what you think are pets andfood.

pets

foodDiscussion
Get with a partner and decide who is “A” and who is “B”. Student A, go to page
99 and Student B, go to page 100. Read your text and answer the questions.
Then explain the most important and interesting points to your partner. After
that, have a discussion using the questions below.
1. For you, what was the most interesting thing about the Humans and Animals
reading?
2. What is your favorite kind of animal? Why do you like them?
3. What animals do you not like? Why do you not like them?
4. Would you like to work with animals? If yes, what kind of job? If no, why not?
5. Do you have a pet? If no, would you like a pet?
6. What are the good and bad things about having a pet?
7. What is your opinion about testing drugs on animals?
8. What is your opinion about using animals to make leather bags and fur coats?
9. Do you prefer cats, dogs, birds, or ﬁsh? Why?
10. What can children learn by having a pet?
11. What are some unusual or unique pets?

35

Listening
You will hear Susan invite Toshi to the zoo and to a vegetarian restaurant.
However, Toshi does not want to go …
Pre-listening: Before you listen, talk to your partner about this question: Why
do you think Toshi does not want to go to the zoo?
Listen: As you listen, decide whether Susan and Toshi agree or disagree withthe following opinions. Mark ○ if they agree or ╳ if they disagree. Check withyour partner or group. Then fill in the chart for your opinion.
CD 21

DL 21Opinions

SusanToshiYou

1. Animals should not be in cages.
2. The animals in a zoo are free.
3. Animals have better lives in a zoo.
4. Zoos can be educational.
5. Zoos smell horrible.
Post-listening: Now ask your partner for their opinions. For example, “Animals
should not be in cages. Do you agree or disagree?”
Listen again and answer the questions. Check with your partner or group.
1.	
What does Toshi think about zoos?
2.	What is Susan’s opinion about zoos?
3.	Why did Susan’s sister want to become a veterinarian?
4.	What are two things that Susan and Toshi agree about?
5.	What does Susan mean when she says the zoo animals are “free from huntersand sickness”?
6.	Why does Susan think Toshi is being hypocritical?
7.	
Would you go to the zoo with Susan? Why or why not?
8.	Would you go to the vegetarian restaurant? Why or why not?
36

Humans and Animals Unit 5

Discussion
Think about your answers to these questions. Then discuss them with yourpartner or group.
1. What is your opinion about zoos?
2. What do you think about vegetarianism?
3. Humans use animals for food, clothing, entertainment, transportation, sport,protection, drug testing, and as pets. What is your opinion about how we use
animals in each of these ways?

Activity

Agreeing and disagreeing

Walk around the room and ask each survey question to ten of your classmates.
Mark how many agree and disagree. Add your own question for number 6.
Example

A: Do you agree that humans should be vegetarians?
B: It’s better for the environment, so I sort of agree, but I don’t think it’s realistic.
And then, report your research to your group.
ExampleA: 40% of our class agrees that humans should be vegetarians.
Opinions

Disagreecompletely

Agree
a littleAgreecompletely

1. Humans should be vegetarians.
2. It is a valuable experience to have a pet.
3. Putting animals in zoos is cruel.
4. Killing animals to make fur coats is ok.
5. It would be fun to work with animals.
6.

Now, use the following questions for discussion.
1. What was the most interesting or surprising
thing you found from the survey?
2. How do you think the survey results wouldchange if you asked older people?
3. How do you think the survey results wouldchange if you asked foreigners?
37

AB

Unit

5

Humans and Animals

StudentA

Read the paragraph and answer the following questions. Be prepared to tell
your partner the most important and interesting points.
DL 19

CD 19

Humans and Animals
A nimals are similar to humans
in many ways. They have friends
and enemies, they have goals, theycare about their family, they can bescared, they can relax, they can play,
and they can dream.
Zoologists are researchers who watch
animals for a long time. They see that each animal has its own uniquepersonality. Like humans, some animals are outgoing, but others are shy.
Some are violent, but others are kind. Some are lazy, and others work hard.
One interesting thing zoologists discovered about animals is that they canhave empathy. There are many examples of animals helping each other andeven helping humans. One time, in Africa, a woman was lost, and a group ofelephants protected her while she slept at night. We often hear stories about
dogs and even dolphins that help humans. Another example is a whale thatsaved a seal from being eaten by sharks.
When we understand how similar we are to animals, maybe we will stop
being cruel to them.

1. How are humans and animals similar?
2. What do zoologists know about animals’ personalities?
3. What is an example of animals having empathy?
4. If we understand that we are similar to animals, we will not be cruel to them. Do
you agree? Why or why not?
5. Have you ever seen animals (pets, in a zoo, in nature) acting like humans?
6. What is an interesting, funny, or frightening experience you had with an animal?
99

Unit

5Humans and Animals

StudentB

Read the paragraph and answer the following questions. Be prepared to tell
your partner the most important and interesting points.
DL 20

CD 20

Working with Animals
I love animals. I could be a veterinarian, but I am not interested in medicine.
I did some research and found that there are many kinds of jobs involving
animals. Here are my top 4 choices:❶ Zoologist
Zoologists work in zoos, but sometimes work in nature. They research animalbehavior. I want to be a zoologist researching elephants in Thailand.
❷ Animal Trainer
Trainers teach animals how to act in movies. They also train seeing-eye dogs.
This is a fantastic job because I could meet famous actors or help blind people.
❸ Animal Cruelty Investigator
Investigators work with the police to save animals from cruel people whohurt them. I am interested in solving crimes and helping animals, so this isthe perfect job.
❹ Dog Walker
Many dogs are at home alone while theirowners are at work. Dog walkers take theselonely dogs for a walk. This is probably theeasiest job, so I will start my career by beinga dog walker.
1. Where does the author want to be a zoologist?
2. What is a seeing-eye dog?
3. Why is job ❸ the perfect job for the author?
4. Why does the author think that being a dog walker is the easiest job?
5. Which job do you like the best? Why? Which job do you not want to do? Why?
6. What other kinds of jobs are there with animals?

100UnitName:

2 Memori e sa ndSt u dUnitt ro1 InName:

ducⅠtion

St u de nt numb

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E xp
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e ri enumn ceber:sUnit

5 Humans and Animals

Name:Student number:Your teacher will ask you to write about one of the topics below. Write a paragraph in
English using the vocabulary and phrases from the unit.
1. Your pet
2. Why you like/do not like zoos
3. Your opinion about vegetarianism

Unit

6 Telling Stories

Name:Student number:Your teacher will ask you to write about one of the topics below. Write a paragraph in
English using the vocabulary and phrases from the unit.
1. Your favorite story as a child
2. A ghost story
3. Something funny, interesting, embarrassing, or frightening that happened to you