16.極域科学コース

Polar Science
Course CodeCourseCreditContent of Subject

40PLS001**

Introduction to Polar Multidisciplinary
Science1

In this class, we will give lectures from multiple perspectives on the history,
present state, and future prospects of scientific observations that Japan isadvancing in the Antarctic and Arctic regions, including scientific research,logistics aspects, environmental protection perspectives, and relationships withsocial life, and introduce the overall picture and attractiveness ofmultidisciplinary science conducted in the unique field of the polar region.

40PLS002**

Introduction to Advanced Earth
Science 1

2

Topics from each research discipline are studied with special interest ofinternational circumstances.

40PLS003**

Introduction to Advanced Earth
Science 22Topics from each research discipline are studied with special interest ofinternational circumstances.

40PLS004**

Introduction to Earth's Metrology

2

To assess the natural environment of the polar regions, various means ofgeophysical observation are necessary, most notably remote sensing
techniques using artificial satellites. It is also very useful to know how, overthe long course of human history, people managed to measure such things astime, geographical location, distance on the Earth’s surface, and how
developed devices enabling these to be measured with enhanced precision.
This subject explores the history of various kinds of geophysical measurementand discusses the current technological status and future developments.

40PLS005**

Polar Data Analysis

2This course covers the basics of statistics, also known as the grammar ofscience, and provides lectures and practical training in data acquisition andanalysis using examples of space environment measurements and analysis.

40PLS006**

Marine Ecology

2

The world ocean covers approximately 70% of the earth’s surface and has anaverage depth of about 3,800 m. The Ocean provide a vast living space formarine life. This subject explores various types of marine environmental
systems, in particular through the biological processes associated withplankton community of the pelagic ecosystem. Sampling and observation ofmarine organisms at sea will be carried our as a field course.

40PLS007**

Introduction to the atmospheric andhydrospheric sciences

2

This subject is designed to provide a geophysical and geochemical outline ofphenomena occurring in the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ocean of the Earthfor the integrated understanding of the processes in the polar regions.

16.極域科学コース

Polar Science
Course Code40PLS008**

CourseExperimental Planetary Sciences

40PLS009**

Behavioural Analysis of Marine Animals

40PLS010**

Physiological Ecology of polar
photosynthetic organisms

40PLS011**

40PLS012**

40PLS013**

Data Analysis for Ocean Remote
Sensing

Magnetospheric Physics

Cosmic Electrodynamics

CreditContent of Subject

2

We systematically learn the experimental approaches and the obtained results
for science on planetary materials to understand the characteristics ofextraterrestrial materials and their formation and evolution, which will help us
deeply understand the history of our solar system. The lectures will mainly
treat the following topics: Basis of meteoritics, Antarctic meteorites, Antarctic
micrometeorites, petrological and mineralogical method, crystallographic
method, geochemical method, spectroscopic method, and mathematicalmethod for examining the planetary materials. Based on these methods, we will
study the primary evolution of planetary materials and metamorphism on theparent body.

2

This subject outlines the fundamentals of behavioural data analysis for marine
animals. It overviews the behavioural measurement of marine animals,
especially the biologging techniques, and basics of behavioural data analyses.
Students also pursue practical exercises of using biologging techniques andanalyzing the body acceleration and movement trajectories of marine animals.

2This subject outlines the characteristics of polar environments in terms of
biological adaptation to the environment, particularly physiological adaptationof aquatic microorganisms and flora. In addition, it provides practical training in
the measurement of photosynthesis and other physiological activities and intechniques for outdoor research.

2

This subject explains from fundamentals of satellite remote sensing to theirapplications, covering the technical aspects of onboard satellite sensors andsensor operation methods. Also outlined are how to acquire ocean remotesensing data collected by earth observing satellites for studying polar ocean
sciences and how to process them with computer application packages
through lectures and training. It will introduce application examples in marine
biological researches in polar areas.

2

The Earth's magnetosphere is made up of regions with various characteristics,
and it changes dynamically due to the effects of solar wind and the Earth's
atmosphere.This subject is designed to provide general knowledge about thestructure of the magnetosphere and the various phenomena that arise within
it.

2This lecture covers the electromagnetism of the cosmos, i.e. the large-scale
magnetic fields that are transported bodily in the swirling plasma throughout
the universe. The motion of charged partcles and some basic characteristics
are also derived in some special magnetic field configurations such as dipoleand shocks.

16.極域科学コース

Polar Science
Course Code40PLS014**

40PLS015**

40PLS016**

40PLS017**

CourseRadar Aeronomy

Auroral Physics

Polar Plasma Wave Theory

Aeronomy

40PLS018**

Ionospheric physics

40PLS019**

Fundamental physics on the upperatmospheric waves

CreditContent of Subject

2

This subject covers the principles of radar observation for surveying the
middle atmosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere, as well as the physics ofneutral and ionized atmospheres as revealed by such radar observations. IS
radar, HF radar, MF radar, meteor radar and MST radar are specificallydescribed.

2

Aurora is a bright enough natural emission as captured by naked eyes, which is
caused by massive electron precipitation into the polar atmosphere, as a resultof the interaction between the solar wind and terrestrial magnetism. This
lecture covers the fundamntal mechanism and the predictability of a compoundsystem of the solar wind, magnetosphere, and ionosphere, which is manifested
in the shape, motion, and colors of aurora.

2

In the ionosphere and magnetosphere of the polar regions, as well as in thesolar winds that blow through interplanetary space, plasma waves of various
modes are dynamically and repeatedly formed, propagated and extinguished.
These waves play an essential role in regulating the physical characteristics
and mass balance of each of these regions. This subject covers the basic
characteristics of magnetohydrodynamic waves, electrostatic plasma waves
and electromagnetic waves, as observed in geospace (the region of space near
Earth), as well as methods of observing these waves.

2

Our understanding of the structure and variation of the Earth's atmosphere as
it extends from the surface of the earth to the outer reaches of the solar
system has grown dramatically. Whereas observation was previously limited togeomagnetic observation at the Earth's surface and spectroscopic observationfrom the ground, advances in recent years have made possible remote sensing
from spacecraft and from the ground, as well as direct and indirect
measurements from satellites. This subject offers an overview of our current
understanding of the structure of the Earth's atmosphere and various physicalprocesses based on geoelectromagnetic phenomena.

2

Charged particles in the ionosphere are affected by numerous physical andchemical processes, including plasma instabilities, diffusion, and transportation
via electric and magnetic fields. In this lecture, students learn the basic
processes occurring in the ionosphere, and also generation mechanisms ofseveral ionospheric phenomena.

2This subject systematically covers the fundamentals of aeronomic waves,along with atmospheric gravity waves, tidal waves and planetary waves, as wellas the propagation, wave-mean flow interaction and observation of suchwaves.

16.極域科学コース

Polar Science
Course Code40PLS020**

40PLS021**

40PLS022**

40PLS023**

40PLS024**

40PLS025**

CourseIntroduction of upper atmosphere
physics

Introduction to Polar climate system

Ice-core paleoclimatology

Circulation systems of water andmaterials in the polar atmosphere

Cryosphere Science

Introduction to Polar Oceanography

CreditContent of Subject

2

The polar region is called the window of space, because the inflow, transport,
accumulation, and consumption of solar wind energy are remarkably seen in
the region, as typified by the aurora borealis. This lecture will give an overview
of the various physical phenomena observed in this polar region from theviewpoint of the solar-terrestrial system.

2

The formation of polar climates and their role in global climate is discussed on
the basis of atmospheric dynamics, atmospheric thermodynamics, water phasechange processes, and radiative processes. The mechanisms of global warming
and ozone hole formation and the significant changes currently occurring in
the polar regions will be discussed.

2

The principles and methods of climatic reconstructions will be introduced. It
also provides basics on the past climate and environmental changes such as
glacial-interglacial cycles, abrupt climate changes, and the roles of polar
regions.

2

This subject describes the circulation systems of water and materials and theirimpact on the energy budget in the polar/global atmsophere. It also covers thepractical topics on atmospheric physics and chemistry including themethodology for observation and data analysis. Students will work in a group toread scientific papers in turn.

2

This subject aims at understanding the role played by the cryosphere in the
Earth's system. Composed mainly of ice sheets, glaciers, snowcover, frozen
ground and sea ice, the cryosphere is a key factor in the climate changesystem. In addition to understanding the glaciological sciences, this subject
deals with their relationship to global environmental change. Students will also
learn methods of field observation and laboratory analysis and of data
organization. Field observation exercises or practical training in a laboratory
may be provided if requested. Occasionally, students will read scientific papers
in turn.

2

Sea ice extent in both polar oceans covers about 10% area in total earth
surface. This subject gives a lecture on geophysical phenomena in the Arctic
and Southern oceans and relationship to the global climate system through sea
ice variations. Also, water and ice, having unique characteristics, and basic
interpretation on sea ice formation/melting processes will be lectured inaccompanied with recent scientific topics and future studies on polar
oceanography.

16.極域科学コース

Polar Science
Course Code40PLS026**

40PLS027**

40PLS028**

40PLS029**

40PLS030**

CourseAn introduction of Glaciology

Crustal Evolution

Introduction to Marine Geophysics in
the Antarctic Region

Polar Seismology

Planetary material science

Credit2

Content of Subject

This subject features explanation and discussion of the physical processes ofsnow/ice formation in polar ice sheets, including fundamental principles, withpresentation of actual research data and recent research topics. The order ofstudy will be according to the flow shown on the class plan of item 8. In
addition to the listed items, cutting-edge polar environmental research topics
will be discussed, as required.

2

This subject deals with the evolution of continental crust that forms thesurface layer of the Earth. For this purpose, it demonstrates the basic
knowledge and analytical technique to understand the crustal evolution bylecture, practical training and reading published scientiic papers. Recent
examples of geochmical discussion for crustal evolution will be demonstrated.

2

One of the greatest challenges in Earth sciences is understanding themechanism of continental breakup. The seafloor of the Antarctic Ocean
reveals a record of the spreading of the seafloor caused by the separation of
Gondwana and of the evolution of the Antarctic plates, important clues tounderstanding the process of continental fragmentation. The seafloor
spreading and plate tectonic evolution processes are deduced throughgeophysical observations such as seafloor topography, magnetic and gravity
anomalies. This subject provides an outline of the features of the Antarctic
plates in the context of the world’s plate tectonics, through geophysicalobservations such as seafloor topography, magnetic and gravity anomalies. It
also discusses ship-based observation equipment and data processing.

2

Polar seismology covers the various kinds of phenomena in geosphere, as well
as physical interaction between cryosphere, ocean and atmosphere involving
global warming. This lecture deals with significant characteristics of seismic
wave propagation, seismicity including glacial earthquakes, structure anddynamics of the crust and mantle, as well as the deep interior of the Earth.
The observation technique in polar region, data management and international
collaboration are demonstrated.

2

Meteorites are of many and various types, but they can be broadly classified
as primitive or differentiated, according to the process by which they areformed. Since primitive meteorites are made of matter that was never melted,
they are thought to embody information about the solid materials from which
the solar system was created and the processes by which their materials wereformed. On the other hand, differentiated meteorites are thought to havemelted from their parent celestial bodies. In addition to explaining theclassification of meteorites, this subject examines the parent bodies.

16.極域科学コース

Polar Science
Course Code40PLS031**

40PLS032**

40PLS033**

40PLS034**

40PLS035**

CoursePaleo- & rock Magnetism

Introduction to crustal materials andprocesses

Introduction to Solid Earth Geophysics
in the Antarctic Region

An introduction to Quaternary in thepolar regions

Animal Behaviour and Ecology in Polar
Regions

CreditContent of Subject

2

This subject discusses the Earth's magnetic field, and explains the mechanism
by which rocks acquire natural remnant magnetism and the magnetic
characteristics of magnetic minerals. In addition, it gives some ideas about themagnetic environment of volcanic rocks, and deep sea sediments. Furthermore,
it introduces techniques and measurement methods for the paleomagnetism,
and also Earth dynamics, plate tectonics theory, and magnetostratigraphy.

2This subject offers an outline of geological phenomena in continental crusts
from petrological, mineralogical and geochemical view points. In addition tounderstanding techniques for interpreting the traces of past changes recordedin the rocks and minerals that make up the Earth's crust, students will learn
how the continental crust originated and evolved in the course of the Earth's
history.

2

Local characteristics of the Antarctic plate reflect the history of the planet's
evolution. Accordingly, to understand the evolution process of Antarctica andits current shape, it is necessary to compare and understand its local
characteristics, such as crust and mantle structure, geoid, gravity anomalies
and crustal magnetic anomalies, with those of the other areas. This subject
describes features of Antarctica, as determined by a seismic velocity survey
and/or regional tomography, crustal magnetic survey, and free-air and Bouguer
gravity surveys. In addition, details about defromations of the solid Earthinduced by the tidal potential, surface loadings and Earth's rotation are alsopresented.

2

The approximately 2.6 million years of the Quaternary period, the latest period
in the Earth's historical evolution, has featured large-scale growth and decay
in ice sheet conditions, marked variations in sea levels and dramatic change inthe Earth's crust. These factors have enabled nature to take shape as we see
it today and for humanity to evolve as it has. As a principal stage for thesechanges, the polar regions represent a key to understanding how theyoccurred. This subject begins by explaining the techniques and concepts used
to elucidate and recognize the various changes in the evolution of natureduring the Quaternary period. Next, the latest research trends are used to
discuss the role of Quaternary research in understanding the system of the
Earth, to assess the possibility of predicting forthcoming changes in thenatural environment and human development. And fundamental numericalanalysis dealing with paleoclimatological data will be performed.

2This course aims to present an introduction to studies on behaviour andecology of marine animals in polar region. Students are introduced to thebasics of behavioural ecology, and to the ways of adaptations shown by marine
animals to the dynamic polar environment. Then, various topics in recent
behavioural and ecological studies of marine top predators in polar region will
be explored via reading sessions of journal articles.

16.極域科学コース

Polar Science
Course Code40PLS036**

CoursePrimary production in polar oceans

CreditContent of Subject

2

In marine ecosystem primary production is principally the production processof organic matter due to photosynthesis, which is understood to be thestarting point of the complex food chains and food webs of the sea. While solar
radiation is indispensable for photosynthesis, available sunlight is far moreseasonal in the polar oceans than in middle-latitude regions. Whilst summer
offers 24 hours of solar radiation and features a midnight sun, winter is theexact opposite. This subject examines the process of primary production in thepolar seas in light of these exceptional solar environmental conditions.

40PLS037**

Polar Limnology and Ecology

2This subject explores the characteristics of lake environments in polar regions,particularly those along the Antarctic coast, from an ecological perspective. It
explains the fundamentals of limnology and the ecological discoveries madethrough limnology. Also covered are field observation and experiment methods
used to study the lake ecosystems around the Showa Station where NIPR
began observations in recent years.

40PLS038**

Analysis of terrestrial ecosystem inpolar regions2

The objective of this subject is to deepen understanding of the various
approaches to research and observation and the methods used to study polar
terrestrial ecosystems. Students will be exposed to actual observation
activities in polar regions, based on experience in the field.

2

Our knowledge on the polar marine environments is essential for understanding
the global environmental issues. The unique marine ecosystems of polar
regions are closely associated with sea ice formation, and the marine biologicalproduction processes centered on these ecosystems strongly influence marine
environments. This subject aims to develop a deeper understanding of how thisstructure relates to the dynamics of marine organisms. In particular, the role ofzooplankotn in the polar marine ecosystem is outlined. Field work on sea ice
will be carried out.

2

I will teach basic experimental methods and experimental skills to study natureand properties of snow and ice in polar regions. I start from introduction of
instruments and basic skills such as error handling. I will teach laboratory skills
and field skills. In addition, we learn computer aided control of measurements
and computer aided data acquisition. In this 1st semester, I teach basic
subjects including: (i) preparations of thick sections and thin sections, (ii)density measurements, (iii) measurment on dielectric permittivity and electricalconductivity, (iv) optical properties and (v) temperature measurmennts.

40PLS039**

40PLS040**

Biological oceanography in polar seas

An exercise for experimental methods
on snow and ice studies 1

16.極域科学コース

Polar Science
Course CodeCourseCreditContent of Subject

40PLS041**

An exercise for experimental methods
on snow and ice studies 2

2

I will teach basic experimental methods and experimental skills to study natureand properties of snow and ice in polar regions. I start from introduction of
instruments and basic skills such as error handling. I will teach laboratory skills
and field skills. In addition, we learn computer aided control of measurements
and computer aided data acquisition. In this 2nd semester, I teach advanced
subjects including: (i) preparations of thick sections and thin sections, (ii)measurements of grain size, shape and grain boundaries, (iii) measurment on
crystal orientation fabrics, (iv) air permeability, (v) measurements on dielectric
permittivity tensor, and (vi) mechanical properties.

80PLS001**

Special Exercise for DissertationⅠA

2

Seminar-style practical exercises are conducted for each of the fields of polar
science in which research guidance is provided.

80PLS002**

Special Exercise for DissertationⅠB

2

Seminar-style practical exercises are conducted for each of the fields of polar
science in which research guidance is provided.

80PLS003**

Special Exercise for Dissertation ⅡA

2Seminar-style practical exercises are conducted for each of the fields of polar
science in which research guidance is provided.

80PLS004**

Special Exercise for DissertationⅡB

2

Seminar-style practical exercises are conducted for each of the fields of polar
science in which research guidance is provided.

80PLS005**

Special Exercise for Dissertation ⅢA

2Seminar-style practical exercises are conducted for each of the fields of polar
science in which research guidance is provided.

80PLS006**

Special Exercise for DissertationⅢB

2

Seminar-style practical exercises are conducted for each of the fields of polar
science in which research guidance is provided.

80PLS007**

Special Exercise for Dissertation ⅣA

2Seminar-style practical exercises are conducted for each of the fields of polar
science in which research guidance is provided.

80PLS008**

Special Exercise for DissertationⅣB

2

Seminar-style practical exercises are conducted for each of the fields of polar
science in which research guidance is provided.

80PLS009**

Special Exercise for Dissertation ⅤA

2Seminar-style practical exercises are conducted for each of the fields of polar
science in which research guidance is provided.

80PLS010**

Special Exercise for DissertationⅤB

2

Seminar-style practical exercises are conducted for each of the fields of polar
science in which research guidance is provided.

20DPS017**

Geodesy in polar region and applicationof remote sensing techniques

2

Registration possible only by the students enrolled in SOKENDAI in/before
AY2022

20DPS027**

Biodiversity in polar regions

2

Registration possible only by the students enrolled in SOKENDAI in/before
AY2022

20DPS035**

Introduction to Terrestrial Ecology in
Polar Region

2

Registration possible only by the students enrolled in SOKENDAI in/before
AY2022