2010 Taipei Forum on Large Format Lithium BatteriesHigh safety Lithium ion battery for
EV application
ITRI/MCL
Dr. Jing-Pin Pan

2017/08/09

ITRI organization

MCL-N Division Organization
N000- Energy Storage Materials & Technology DivisionN100- Dept. of Nano structure Energy Materials
N200- Dept. of Lithium Battery Reliability Design

N300- Dept. of Battery System and Application
N500- Dept. of Advanced Thin Battery
N600- Dept. of High Power Energy Storage Materials and Devices
N700- Dept. of Batteries Industry Promotion

Power Industries Promotion•Taiwan Battery Association - http://www.taiwanbattery.org.tw•Promotion of Electrical Vehicle Industries - http://evs.org.tw•Power Device(Module) Testing and Verification Platform

Battery Technology Development in ITRIHigh safety Lithium ion battery for
EV application

2017/06/08

U.S. considers expanding a laptop ban aslithium battery fires increase

As the U.S. government considers expanding a ban on laptop computers and other electronic
devices from the cabins of commercial flights, federal data show that storing such devices in
the cargo area of a plane could increase the risk of fires.
In 2014, the FAA reported that such batteries were responsible for nine fires, extreme heat orsmoke on cargo and passenger planes. That number grew to 16 in 2015; 31 in 2016 and 17
in the first five months of 2017.
Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly told a House of Representatives panel Wednesdaythat he is considering expanding the electronic-device ban to 71 additional international
airports.

This frame grab from video, provided by the Federal Aviation Administration, shows a test at the FAA's technicalcenter in Atlantic City, N.J., in April 2014, where a cargo container was packed with 5,000 rechargeable lithium-ionbatteries. (Associated Press)
http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-travel-briefcase-laptop-ban-20170608-story.html

A Major Challenge-Accident Free
EV NEED MORE ENERGY = MORE DANGER

1 cellTesla Model S

2016/11/04 Indiana, USA

10 cells

Tesla Model X

2017/04/25 Guangzhou , China

200-5000 cells

TeslaModel
Model XXTesla

2017/06/11 Shandong , China

Safety is Most Important9

Strategies to Overcome the Challenge

13th International Meeting on Lithium Batteries, at Biarritz, France, June 18-23, 2006.

Strategies to Overcome the Challenge
Safety mechanism of lithium ion battery(included module & pack)3rd:Material Design
2nd:Mechanic Design

thermalrunaway

Damage1St : Electronic Design

Overheat

Abuse condition

Separator
melt-downInternal Short

Gas leakage
Fire~130℃

Explosion
PTC

External Short

Protectedcircuit(I、V、Tabnormal)

CID

STOBA
•

Over Charge

Protected circuit(PACK)
Protected circuit

Over Discharge(PACK)
Pre-Charge(PACK)•Solving safety issues of high energy
density battery caused from internal shortcircuit.
Widely application, reducing danger
factors, upgrading lithium ion batteryindustries.

2009What’s STOBA?
2009
A new kind of hyper branched polymers(IP protected by ITRI)• Regular molecular shape
Polydispersity Idex(PDI, Mw/Mn)≦1.2;• Like sphere, Size ～5nm
• A lot of functional groups that can be rereacted by thermal energy

13Superiorities of STOBA applied in LIBs
Enable high loading weight electrode by
improving its flexibility

Excellent cycle stability @ RT and HT
by reducing metal ion deposition

High weight loading electrode(20 28mg/cm2)

ExtendCyclelife

Prevent thermal runaway
when batteries suffer from damage< Blank>(a)< with ChemSEI-Linker >(b)

Fail , crackPass , no crack(a) Blank(b) with new STOBA

STOBA
The cost of batteries can be reduced
by long cycle life and facile process

Enhance
SafetyCopyright 2017 ITRI 工業技術研究院

Increase
CapacityReduce
Cost14

Mechanism of safety STOBA film coating on cathode
Reference paper : RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 56147

Ion+ & e- transfering path in electrode

STOBA
layer

LNCM

Active material

Current collector

What is the function ofSTOBA while danger
occurs?

Analysis of LNCM(424) electrodes With/Wo STOBA @ 100%SOC -thermal process
Resistance increased rate ( times)

3000
2700

LNCM
LNCM+2% STOBA

2400
2100
1800
1500

2717 times

1200
900
600
300
020406080

1001201401601802000Aging Temperature( C)Electrode resistance0%(wo STOBA)

2%(With STOBA)

RT
150℃
180℃
RT
150℃
180℃

Electrode resistance (Ω)
0.815
3.49525
126.7850.997
60.7025
2708.4

Resistance increased rate
14156
1612717

Solid-state Li NMR

2.4
LNCM

LNCM - 100% SOCb

(LNCM + 1%STOBA) - 100% SOCa(LNCM + 2%STOBA) - 100% SOCo(LNCM + 2%STOBA)- 100% SOC for 150 C/30mino(LNCM + 2%STOBA) - 100% SOC for 180 C/30min

1000

LNCM

2.4138** 138***LNCM - 100% SOC(LNCM + 1%STOBA) - 100% SOC(LNCM + 2%STOBA) - 100% SOCo
(LNCM + 2%STOBA)- 100% SOC for 150 C/30mino(LNCM + 2%STOBA) - 100% SOC for 180 C/30min

5000Li/ppm

-500

400

-1000

300

200

100

Li/ppm0-100-200

1. The signal/peak at 138 ppm is the Li ion in the STOBA layer on the LNCM electrode.
2. After the heat treatment, 138ppm peak disappeared gradually.

What is the safety mechanism of STOBA-e-e-e-e

STOBA can suppress electron and ion conduction while danger occurs

Mechanism of Nail vs. Short circuit of cell(with & without STOBA of 5Ah pouch cell)w/ STOBA

Cell with STOBA w/ STOBA

w/o STOBA
Cell w/o STOBA

CellCellw/ STOBA

Times

Times

Li+ Li+Separator

Li+Cathodemateriale-

Li+ Li+Li+

Thermal diffusion

STOBA

STOBA

Thermal diffusion

Al foilcathode(LMO)
Li1-xMO2 + xLi+ + xe- -> LiMO2

Al foilcathode(LMO)Thermal decomposition
in CathodeMelt-down of Separator
Separator

Anode

Anode LixC6 -> xLi+ + xe- + 6C
Cu foilCu foil
Nail

Nail test of 5Ah pouch cell (with & without STOBA )Nail Φ = 2.5mm
Nail Speed = 10 mm/sec
4.5

800

4.0

700
Voltage
5Ah w/o STOBA
5Ah with STOBA

600
500

STOBA
activated

2.5

400

Short point temp.

2.0

5Ah w/o STOBA
5Ah with STOBA

1.5

200

1.0

100

0.5
0.0

300

024681012Time (sec)141618020oVoltage (V)3.0Temp. ( C)

3.5200Wh/kg NCA Batteries
Electrochemical table of 436070 STOBA-inside cells
436070pouch cellAve. 6 cells

0.2C
Dis.Capacity
mAh

0.2C
Dis. Capacity
mAh/g

DCIR, ΩC-rate
3C vs. 0.2C,
(%)

Blank

2203±62175±2.90.070±0.003

89.9%

new STOBA

2256±13175±1.0

0.053±0.004

88.5%

 new STOBA electrode with high flexibility<[Blank]Blank>(a)Nail test results of 436070 STOBA -inside cells

Blank[newSTOBA] >< withChemSEI-Linker

STOBA

(b)
Temp

Fail , crack

Voltage Distance

Temp

Voltage DistancePass , no crack

Folding test of high weight loading electrode(28mg/cm2) (a) Blank; (b) with new STOBA

Fire, Explosion
Max. Temp.~591oC

NS, NF
Max. Temp.~120oC
21

STOBA, keeping your power bank safe!
小米(mi) 5000 -3.3Ah Power Bank

O.D.=3mm ; speed=20mm/sec; Fully Nail Penetration

http://www.tanker.com.tw/

Fire + explosion
JS 4.35V 5Ah Power Bank
(wo STOBA)

Fire + explosion
JS 4.35V 5Ah Power Bank(STOBA)

Pass, No fireNail test of 39Ah LNCM VDA-PHEV2 cells
ITRI cell vs. Commercial cellNail Φ = 5mm
Nail Speed = 30 mm/sec

Commercial cellTemp.

Voltage

ITRI cellTemp. Voltage

Application of STOBA cell for products
喬信Tanker® Power bank

中華(CMC) EM系列
electric scooter

ITRI-CPEV
Sharp robot

UPS system

Sharp robot

24
2016 ASIS (Orlando, US)

Conclusion• Through hyper branch nano structure, STOBA cansuppress electron and ion conduction while danger
occurs.
• STOBA batteries can have higher capacity, higher
safety, and high cycle life.
• STOBA batteries have already commercialized in Taiwan.

Experimental Design
Assemble LNCM/Li pouchcells (0% & 2% old STOBA)

After Formation & 4.3V charged state
Disassembly in the golvebox & Take out
the LNCM cathode electrodes

Charged LNCM electrodes with electrolyte weresealed in the high pressure Ti tube and then were
heated to 150 & 180℃(Simulated Tinternal short circuit )The heated electrodes were clean andThe electrodes with electrolyte were

washed by DMC in the golvebox, andmeasured the Li7 NMR

then dry in Vacuum at RT

Measured the electron resistance of dry

cathode sheet in the dry room

the local environments of the Li+ ions and theirinteraction and mobility in the STOBA–cathodeinterface as functions of temperature andcharge states