BA01412R/09/EN/02.22-00
71593342
2022-10-28

Products

Solutions

Valid as of version
ENU000A, V2.04.xx

Operating Instructions
Memograph M, RSG45
Advanced Data Manager
Additional Instructions for Energy Option
Mass and energy calculation in water and steam
applications

Services

Memograph M, RSG45

Table of contents

Table of contents
1

General description of thefunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.1

Firmware history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2

Description of the applications . . . . . . 5

2.1

Water applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.1 Water heat quantity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.2 Water heat difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Water/glycol applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.1 Water/glycol heat difference . . . . . . . . 6
Steam applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.1 Steam quantity of heat . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.2 Steam heat differential . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.2
2.3

3

Application setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.1
3.2
3.3

3.5

General programming guidelines . . . . . . . . . . 10
Selecting the units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Examples for water and steam energy
measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3.1 Example of water heat difference . . . . 11
3.3.2 Example for steam quantity of heat /mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3.3 DP flow calculation (flowmeasurement according to thedifferential pressure method) . . . . . . 15
Balancing (linking of applications) . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4.2 Monitoring steam boilers . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4.3 Additional solution packages forcustomer-specific applications . . . . . . 20
Fault mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.4

Endress+Hauser

3General description of the function

1

Memograph M, RSG45

General description of the function

NOTICE
This manual contains an additional description for a special software option.
This supplementary manual is not a substitute for the Operating Instructions pertaining to
the device!
‣ Detailed information can be found in the Operating Instructions and the additional
documentation.
Available for all device versions via:
• Internet: www.endress.com/deviceviewer• Smartphone/tablet: Endress+Hauser Operations App
The energy package offers 4 options for calculating water and steam applications using the
input variables flow, pressure, temperature (or temperature differential):• Energy calculation• Mass calculation• Density calculation• Enthalpy calculation
Furthermore, energy calculations are also possible using glycol-based refrigerant media. In
addition, the density of the media saved in the device can be calculated under operating
conditions.
Also, it is possible to calculate the mass by measuring the flow rate using the differential
pressure method (DP Flow calculation) for water, steam, liquids and gases.
By balancing the results against one another or by linking the results to other input
variables (e.g. gas flow, electrical energy), users can calculate overall balances, efficiency
levels etc. These values are important indicators for the quality of the process and form thebasis for process optimization, maintenance. etc.
The internationally recognized standard IAPWS-IF 97 is used to calculate thethermodynamic state variables of water and steam.

1.1

Firmware history

Overview of unit software history:

4

Unit software
Version / date

Software changes

FDM analysis
software version

Version of OPC server

OperatingInstructions

V02.00.00 /08.2015

Original software

V01.03.00.00 andhigher

V5.00.03.00 and higher

BA01412R/09/EN/01.15

V2.04.06 /10.2022

Bug fixes

V1.06.03

V5.00.07.00

BA01412R/09/EN/02.22-00

Endress+Hauser

Memograph M, RSG45

Description of the applications2

Description of the applications

2.1

Water applications

2.1.1

Water heat quantity

Calculation of the quantity of heat in a flow of water. Example: Determining the residual
heat in the return line of a heat exchanger.
Input variables: operating volume and temperature
The average pressure is calculated automatically based on the temperature measured.

E = q × r(T,p) × h(T)A0009703

E
q
ρ
T
h

2.1.2

Quantity of heat
Operating volumeDensity
Operating temperatureSpecific enthalpy of water (in relation to 0 °C)

Water heat difference

Calculation of the quantity of heat which is given off, or taken in, by a flow of water in aheat exchanger. Typical application for measuring energy in heating or cooling circuits.
Input variables: measurement of the operating volume and the temperature directly
upstream and downstream from a heat exchanger (in the feed line or return line).
The flow sensor can be installed on the warm or cold side.

Endress+Hauser

5Description of the applications

Memograph M, RSG45

E = q × r(T1) × [h(T1) - h(T2)]
A0009704

E
Quantity of heatq
Operating volumeρ
Density
T1
T warmT2
T coldh (T1) Specific enthalpy of water at temperature 1
h (T2) Specific enthalpy of water at temperature 2
For other heat carriers, such as thermal oil, the heat quantity is calculated using
polynomials for density and thermal capacity. The formula editor of the mathematics
channels is used to enter the polynomials. Polynomials for customer-specific liquids
can be generated on request (subject to a fee).

2.2

Water/glycol applications

2.2.1

Water/glycol heat difference

Calculation of the quantity of heat which is given off, or taken in, by a refrigerant medium(water/glycol mixture) in a heat exchanger. Typical application for measuring energy inheating or cooling circuits.
Input variables: measurement of the operating volume and the temperature directly
upstream and downstream from a heat exchanger (in the feed line or return line).
The density and thermal conductivity of the refrigerant medium are calculated based on
the mixture ratio (concentration).
The flow sensor can be installed on the warm or cold side.

6

Endress+Hauser

Memograph M, RSG45

Description of the applications

E = q × r(T1) × cm×(T2 - T1)
cm =c(T1) + c(T2)2
A0009705

E
Quantity of heatq
Operating volumeρ
Density
T1
T warmT2
T coldc (T1) Specific heat capacity at temperature 1
c (T2) Specific heat capacity at temperature 2
cm
Average specific heat capacity
For other refrigerant media, specific polynomials for calculating the quantity of heatcan be generated on request (subject to a fee).

Endress+Hauser

7Description of the applications

Memograph M, RSG45

2.3

Steam applications

2.3.1

Steam quantity of heatCalculation of the mass flow and the quantity of heat it contains at the output of a steam
generator or for individual consumers.
Input variables: operating volume flow, temperature and/or pressurep
E = q × r(p,T) × hD(p,TD)
A0009709

E
q
ρ
TD
p
hD

Quantity of heat
Operating volumeDensity
Temperature of steam
Pressure (steam)Specific enthalpy of steam

For simplified measurement of saturated steam, you do not need to measure the pressureor temperature. The missing input variable is determined using the saturated steam curvestored in the system.
When measuring pressure and temperature, the steam state is determined exactly andmonitored. A wet steam alarm is output when the saturated steam temperature =condensate temperature (see →  20)

2.3.2

Steam heat differential

Calculation of the quantity of heat given off when the steam condenses in a heatexchanger.
Alternatively, also calculation of the quantity of heat (energy) which is used to generatesteam.
Input variables: measurement of the pressure and temperatures directly upstream anddownstream from a heat exchanger (or steam generator).
The flow sensor can either be integrated in the steam pipe or the water pipe (condensate
or feed water).
If flow measurement is required in both the steam pipe and the water pipe (e.g. due to
steam consumption or loss), two applications need to be set up, namely steam heat8

Endress+Hauser

Memograph M, RSG45

Description of the applications

quantity and water heat quantity. The quantities of mass and energy can then be balanced
in a mathematics channel using the formula editor (see →  18).

TW

p

TD

E = q × r(p,TD) × [hD(p,TD) - hW(TW)]
A0009710

E
q
ρ
TD
TW
p
hD
hW

Endress+Hauser

Quantity of heat
Operating volumeDensity
Temperature of steam
Temperature of water (condensate)Pressure (steam)Specific enthalpy of steam
Specific enthalpy of water9

Application setup

Memograph M, RSG45

3

Application setup

3.1

General programming guidelines

Set the flow, pressure and temperature inputs.
The standard inputs are used for this purpose. Preferably, the units for scaling themeasuring ranges should be taken from the table below (see →  10). Otherwise,
conversion coefficients must be defined when defining the application (see →  10).
1.

Open the mathematics channel.

2.

Activate the function for calculating the energy or mass and select the application.

3.

Assign inputs and define units.

4.

Select units for the totalizers in the Totalization menu.

5.

For steam applications, configure the fault mode in the event of a wet steam alarm, if
applicable.

6.

Configure the display, i.e. group the values for displaying and selecting the display
mode.

3.2

Selecting the units

The units for the inputs and the application are selected within the context of configuring
the application (in the mathematics channel). Please ensure that the units selected here
are identical to the units that were used to scale the inputs.
If you prefer other units for configuring the inputs, a mathematics channel must be
selected where the unit has to be converted to a unit indicated in the table. This
mathematics channel is then used as a flow input in another mathematics channel tocalculate the energy or mass.
Flow

m3/h

ft3/h

Pressurebar(a)(g) Psi(a)(g) MPa(a)(g) inH2O(a)(g)Density

kg/m3

gal/h

ft3/min

GPM l/hlb/ft3Temperature °C

K°F

Heat flow

kW

MW

kBTU/hMBTU/hton

Heat energy

kWh

MWh

MJ

MBTU

tonh kBTU

Mass flow

kg/h

t/h

lbs/h

ton/h

Mass sum

kg

t

lbs

ton

Enthalpy

kJ/kg

Btu/lbs

kBTU/ min therm/ min therm/h GJ/h
therm

GJ

gal = gallons liquid: 1 ft3 = 7.48051948 gal
ton (mass) = ton (short) US: 1 ton = 907.184 74 kg
ton (power) = ton refrigeration (TR): 1 ton = 3.516 852 84 kW
BTU = International [Steam] Table (IT): 1 Btu = 1055.056 kJ
therm = therm US (based on BTU59 °F): 1 therm = 105 480.4 kJ
GPM = gallons per minute

10

Endress+Hauser

Memograph M, RSG45

Application setup

3.3

Examples for water and steam energy measurement

3.3.1

Example of water heat difference

Setting the flow, pressure and temperature inputs
1.

Select the signal.

2.

Enter the name for the channel identifier.

3.

Define the unit (see table →  10).

4.

Set the measuring range.

A0050924

A0050925

Configuring energy calculation

Endress+Hauser

1.

Open the mathematics channel.

2.

Select energy calculation.
11

Application setup

Memograph M, RSG45

3.

Assign the sensors and units.

4.

Specify the installation point of the flow sensor.

5.

Set the zoom range.

A0050926

Selecting the unit for the totalizers
1.

Activate totalization.

2.

Select the unit and set the threshold value (low flow cutoff) if necessary (values thatare smaller than the threshold value are not totalized).

A0050928

Configuring the display‣ Select the values and display format for the display.

12

Endress+Hauser

Memograph M, RSG45

Application setup

A0050927

3.3.2

Example for steam quantity of heat / mass

Setting the flow, pressure and temperature inputs
1.

Select the signal.

2.

Enter the name for the channel identifier.

3.

Define the unit (see table →  10).

4.

Set the measuring range.

A0050929

Configuring energy calculation

Endress+Hauser

1.

Open the mathematics channel.

2.

Select energy or mass calculation.

13

Application setup

Memograph M, RSG45

3.

Assign the sensors and units.
 If you want to calculate and display the energy and mass, copy the settings tomathematics channel 2 and select "Mass calculation" there.

A0050930

Selecting the unit for the totalizers
1.

Activate totalization.

2.

Select the unit and set the threshold value (low flow cutoff) where necessary (seeexample →  13, no. 2.2)

Configuring the behavior in the event of a wet steam alarm (only possible if pressure
and temperature inputs are used)

14

1.

Activate Device setup/Expert.

2.

Set the Wet steam alarm fault mode (counter stop in event of wet steam alarm orcontinue calculation with saturated steam conditions and continue totalization, i.e.
counters continue to operate normally. Configure whether the wet steam alarm
should be signaled via a relay).

Endress+Hauser

Memograph M, RSG45

Application setup

A0050931

Configure the display.

‣ Select the values and display mode for the display (menu item: signal groups (seeexample →  13, no. 3)

3.3.3

DP flow calculation (flow measurement according to thedifferential pressure method)

General information
The device calculates the flow according to the differential pressure method as per the
ISO5167 standard. Unlike conventional differential pressure measurement methods,
which provide accurate results only under design conditions, the device calculates thecoefficients of the flow equation (flow coefficient, velocity of approach factor, expansion
number, density etc.) iteratively on a continuous basis. This ensures that the flow is always
computed with the greatest of accuracy, even with fluctuating process conditions andcompletely independently of the design conditions (temperature and pressure in the sizing
parameters).

p

Δp

T
A0050949

Endress+Hauser

15

Application setup

Memograph M, RSG45

General ISO 5167 equation for orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tube:
Qm = f × c ×

p
1
× e × d2
×4
1 -b 42 × Dp × r

Pitot tube:
Qm = k × d²p
× 2 × Dp × r
4

Gilflo, V-cone (other DP flowmeters):

Qm

Mass flow (compensated)k

Blockage factor

ρ

Density under operating conditionsΔρ

Differential pressure

QM(A)Mass flow under design conditions

ρA

Density under design conditions

ρB

Density under operating conditions

Parameter configuration for differential pressure measurement
Configuration of a universal input for the differential pressure transmitter:1.

Select the signal (4-20mA).

2.

Enter the channel identifier.

3.

Enter the unit (mbar).

4.

Enter the measuring range of the differential pressure transmitter.

A0050952

The remaining settings are configured in the mathematics channel and in the DPFlow submenu:
1.
16

Select the application (water, steam, liquids, gas).
Endress+Hauser

Memograph M, RSG45

Application setup2.

Select the design and material of the differential pressure transmitter, e.g. orificeplate, nozzle.

3.

Enter the internal diameter "D" of the pipe at 20 °C (68 °F).

4.

Enter the diameter "d" of the differential pressure transmitter (or k-factor for Pitot
tubes) at 20 °C (68 °F).

A0050953

A0050954

Density under operating conditions: The density must be determined under operating
conditions for liquids other than water and glycol and for gases. The density can either becalculated in a mathematics channel or determined externally and transmitted to thedevice. The general formula for determining the density of gases is:Endress+Hauser

17

Application setup

Memograph M, RSG45

ρ(b)Density under operating conditions

ρ(n)Density under normal conditionsp

Operating pressure in barp(n)Pressure under normal conditions in bar (e.g. 1.013 bar)T(n)Temperature in Kelvin under normal conditions (e.g. 273 Kelvin)

T

Operating temperature in Kelvin (i.e. temperature in °C +273.15)

For liquids, the density data can be entered in tabular form under "Expert/Application/
Mathematics/Math x/Linearization". The mathematics channel is then assigned in the"Density" field.

3.4

Balancing (linking of applications)3.4.1

General

To balance mass or energy amounts against one another or to calculate characteristic
values, any mathematics channel can be used.
Example: Balancing of a steam plant• The heat quantity of the generated steam is calculated in mathematics channel 1.
• Mathematics channel 2 is used to calculate the residual energy in the flow of condensate(water heat quantity)
Looking for:Energy that was given off between the steam feed line and the condensate return line.
Solution:
1.

Open mathematics channel 3.

2.

Select the formula editor.

3.

Subtract the energy flows (current values) from one another and totalize(integration).
 Alternatively, the counters can also be subtracted directly.
Formula: MI(3;1)-MI(3;2)

3.4.2

Monitoring steam boilers

A steam boiler is monitored to ensure plant safety and to optimize processes and thus savecosts.
Measured variables for monitoring plant safety:• Level• Boiler pressure• Boiler temperature
Measured variables and characteristic values for process optimization:• Energy of steam flow
• Energy of condensate flow
• Energy of feed water or fresh water• Energy of boiler blow down
• Energy of fuel (e.g. natural gas, heating oil)
• Energy, oxygen content and temperature of the flow of flue gas• Mass flow of combustion air (incl. O2 content and temperature)• Chemical analysis: pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity

18

Endress+Hauser

Memograph M, RSG45

Application setup

A0050956

Example: Calculation of boiler efficiency• Mathematics channel 1 (M1) : steam heat quantity (totalization: counter)• Mathematics channel 2 (M2) : fuel heat quantity (totalization: counter)• Mathematics channel 3 (M3) : efficiency of fuel to steam (as %)• Mathematics channel 4 (M4) : ratio of fuel to steam
Configuration of mathematics channel 3:

A0050957

The counter values of mathematics channel 1 and 2 must be used to calculate theefficiency. "Efficiency" must be selected for the "The result is" parameter. With thissetting, the counter values of the signal analysis are automatically used for efficiency
calculation and you receive 4 efficiency values (e.g. 15 min, day, month, year) todisplay and save.

Endress+Hauser

19

Application setup

Memograph M, RSG45

Devices pre-set to customer requirements can be ordered for the following steam
applications:• Standard steam boiler efficiency (direct efficiency calculation)• Steam boiler efficiency including evaluation of individual losses (stack loss, blow down,radiated emissions)• Balancing of steam distribution including leak measurement• Measurement of the steam consumption including determination of the specific steam
requirement per production unit.

3.4.3

Additional solution packages for customer-specificapplications

In addition to the solution packages for steam, pre-set devices can be ordered for
additional customer-specific applications:
Cooling system:• Calculation of the COP for the system, plant and cooling unit
• Balancing of cooling system distribution• Calculation of specific cooling system usage (per production unit)
Compressed air system:• Measurement of specific compressor performance (kWh/Nm3• Leak measurement• Filter monitoring• Calculation of specific compressed air consumption
Heating system:• Efficiency of hot water boiler• Balancing of heat distribution• Calculation of specific heat consumption (per production unit)
Wastewater:• Specific energy consumption based on wastewater load
• Specific aerator performance• Specific pump performance• Specific digester gas generation

3.5

Fault mode

The fault mode can only be configured in the Expert mode.
The settings for the fault mode of the inputs are described in Section 6.4 of the Operating
Instructions for the Advanced Data Manager.
In the event of an error, calculation of the energy and mass is continued using a
replacement value, or the calculation is invalid.
For steam applications, once the condensate temperature (wet steam alarm) is reached,
the saturated steam condition is calculated based on T, and the heat flow (performance) is
calculated. The behavior of the counters can be defined in the menu item Fault mode/Wet
steam alarm:• Totalization stop (counter stop)• Continue totalization, i.e. the counters continue to run (saturated steam calculation)

20

Endress+Hauser

Memograph M, RSG45

Technical data

4

Technical data

Measuring range

Water

Water/glycol

0 to 350 °C(32 to 662 °F)–40 to 350 °C(–40 to 662 °F)

Measuring range forsuperheated steam

0 to 1 000 bar(0 to 14 503.7 psi)
0 to 800 °C (32 to 1 472 °F)

Measuring range forsaturated steam

0 to 165 bar (0 to 2 393 psi)
0 to 373 °C (32 to 703 °F)

Min. temperature
differential

0 °C (0 °F)

Concentration

Endress+Hauser

Steam

0 to 60 Vol %Error limits (universal
inputs)3 to 20 °C (37.4 to 68 °F) < 1.0 % of measuring range
20 to 250 °C (68 to 482 °F) < 0.3 % of measuring range

Scan rate

500 msCalculation standard

IAPWS-IF 97
EN1434Polynomial functions(inaccuracy: max. 0.6 %)IAPWS-IF 97

21

*71593342*
71593342

www.addresses.endress.com