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C3TryynMwn3n: Takehisa Tsubamoto,
Khishigjav
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Soyol
Baasankhuu 2024. Re-discoveryof the holotype of parapresbytis eohanuman, a pliocene fossil
colobine monkey from mongolia.
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7583

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na11eOHTO/lOrVJTynxyypyr:Re-descriptionof the holotype ofparapresbytis eohanuman, a pliocene
fossilcolobine monkey frommongolia

TakehisaTsubamoto,2 KhishigjavTsogtbaatar,
2 SoyolBaasankhuu
1Earth Sciences, Department of Science and Engineering, Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama,
Ehime Prefecture 790-8577, Japan
2 Institute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 15160 , Mongolia
1

We re-found the holotype (PIN 3381-235) of a Pliocene
fossil monkey Parapresbytis eohanuman (Mammalia, Primates, Cercopithecidae, Colobinae ), which had been collected from the Shaamar fossil locality (Selenge Aimag,northern Mongolia), at Institute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. This
specimen is now stored in this institute. Here, we provide
precise photos of this holotype with some remarks. It isa fused mandibular corpus with a complete left and rightdentition, lacking left and right ascending rami. Its ventral part is crushed and broken.

Cercopithecidae, mandible, Parapresbytis, Presbytis, Primates,Shaamar (Shamar)

3oxMONTOMxon6orAOX:
Takehisa Tsubamoto
e-mail: tsubamoto.takehisa.yt@
ehime-u.ac.jp

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INTRODUCTION
Parapresbytis eohanuman (Borissoglebskaya,1981) is a fossil colobine monkey found in northern Mongolia and southern Siberia (Kalmykov and Maschenko,1992, 1993, 1995; Jablonski, 2002; Maschenko, 2003,
2005; Kalmykov et al., 2005; Egi et al., 2007; Takai andMaschenko, 2009). It is the "northernmost colobine monkey" (Takai and Maschenko, 2009). It was originally described by Borissoglebskaya (1981) as a new species of aliving genus, Presbytis eohanuman. Later, it was assigned© 2024 The Authors. Published by the Institute of Paleontology (Mongolian Academy of Sciences) under the terms of theCreative Commons Attribution License http:/creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the orginal author and source are credited75

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Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Because this specimen is important not
only for paleontology but also for primatology and physical anthropology, here we provide its precise photos with some remarks.
Abbreviations-PIN,Paleontological Institute (Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow, Russia) Number. i, lower incisor.
c, lower canine. p, lower premolar. m, lowermolar.

to the new genus, Parapresbytis, by Kalmykov and Maschenko (1992). The holotypeof this species is PIN 3381-235, which wascollected from the Shaamar fossil locality,northern Mongolia. This holotype was said
to be stored in Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia(Borissoglebskaya, 1981).
However, its whereabouts has been
unknown until recently. We re-found this holotype at Institute of Paleontology, MongolianSYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGYClass Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758
Order Primates Linnaeus, 1758
Family Cercopithecidae Gray, 1821
Subfamily Colobinae Blyth, 1875
Genus Parapresbytis Kalmykov and Maschenko, 1992
Type and only known species-Parapresbytis eohanuman (Borissoglebskaya, 1981) Kalmykov
and Maschenko, 1992.
Parapresbytis eohanuman (Borissoglebskaya, 1981) Kalmykov and Maschenko, 1992

Figures 1-5
Synonymy - Presbytis eohanuman Borissoglebskaya, 1981.
Holotype - PIN 3381-235, a fused mandibular corpus with a complete dentition.
Repository of the holotype - PIN 3381-235 is now stored in Institute of Paleontology,
Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Type locality - Shaamar (Shamar), Selenge Aimag, northern Mongolia (Borissoglebskaya,1981).
Age - "Mid" to late Pliocene (Maschenko, 2005; Takai and Maschenko, 2009).
Distribution - Transbaikal area (northern Mongolia and southern Siberia), northeastern Asia
(Maschenko, 2005; Takai and Maschenko, 2009).
Dental measurements - Shown in Table 1. The measurements were taken to the nearest of
0.01 mm using a digital caliper (Mitutoyo Point Caliper 573-621 [NTD12-15PMX]) and arerounded off to the one decimal place (in mm).
Remarks on the holotype - PIN 3381-235 is a fused mandibular corpus with a complete
dentition (left and right il-i2, cl, p3-p4, and ml-m3), lacking left and right ascending rami.
Its ventral part is crushed and broken. The dentition is well preserved. The c 1 is slightly larger
than il and i2. Theil is more worn than i2. The i2 is more worn than cl and p3. The p4 is
more worn than p3. The ml is more worn than p4 and m2. The m2 is more worn than m3. The
part of the digastric fossa is crushed and broken.

76Takehisa Tsubamoto., (2024) 75-83

20mm

A10mm

FIGURE1. Parapresbytis eohanuman (Borissoglebskaya) from the Pliocene of Mongolia,
PIN 3381-235 (ho/otype), occ/usal (dorsal) view (stereo pair). A, mandible with teeth. B, left and right dentition.
(Figure size: [W 148 mm x H 69 mm])77

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10mm

FIGURE2. Parapresbytis eohanuman (Borissoglebskaya) from the Pliocene of Mongolia,
PIN 3381-235 (holotype), mandible with teeth, occlusal (dorsal) view.
(Figure size: [W 148 mm x H 142 mm])78

Takehisa Tsubamoto., (2024) 75-83

10mm

FIGURE3. Parapresbytis eohanuman (Borissoglebskaya) from the Pliocene of Mongolia,
PIN 3381-235 (holotype), mandible with teeth, ventral view.
(Figure size: [W 148 mm x H 140 mm])79

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naJ1eoHmoJ102u-V

10mm

FIGURE4. Parapresbytis eohanuman (Borissoglebskoya) from the Pliocene of Mongolia,
PIN 3381-235 (ho/otype}, mandible with teeth, lateral views. A, right lateral view. 8, left lateral view.
{Figure size: [W 148 mm x H 140 mm])80

Takehisa Tsubamoto., (2024) 75-83

10mm

FIGURE5. Parapresbytis eohanuman (Borissoglebskaya) from the Pliocene of Mongolia,
PIN 3381-235 {holotype}, mandible with teeth, anterior and postero-dorsal views.
A, anterior view. B, postero-dorsal view.
(Figure size: [W 148 mm x H 152 mm])81

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TABLE1. Dental measurements (in mm) of the holotype (PIN 3381-235) of Parapresbytis eohanuman (Borissoglebskaya). L, mesiodistal length; W, buccolingual width; W-trd, buccolingual width of the trigonid; W-tad,
buccolingual width of the talon id.

Leftside
5.4
7.7
5.7
8.3
8.6
5.7
9.7
5.2
7.1
6.4
9.4
7.5
7.3
10.3
8.9
8.8
13.4
8.6
8.3

PIN 3381-235
i1

i2
clp3
p4

Lw
Lw
Lw
Lw
Lw
L

ml

W-trd
W-tad

m2

W-trd
W-tad

LL

m3

W-trd
W-tad

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research was partly supported by JSPS
KAKENHIGrant Number 18H01327 to Naoko Egi.

REFERENCES

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82

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8.3
8.6
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9.8
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7.1
6.3
9.7
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7.5
10.4
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8.8
13.5
8.5
8.4

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