࠙ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࠕࣉࣛࢺࣥ࠿ࡽ᪂ࣉࣛࢺࣥ୺⩏࡬̿̿Ọ㐲࡜᫬㛫ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚̿̿ࠖࠚࣉࣛࢺࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᫬㛫࡜Ọ㐲̿̿ࠗࢸ࢕࣐࢖࢜ࢫ࠘37C-38C̿̿⣡ᐩ ಙ␃ᗎࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡣ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ⏕ࡢᇶ┙࡛࠶ࡾࠊဴᏛࡢ୺せ࡞⪃ᐹᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࢔࢘ࢢࢫࢸ࢕ࢾࢫࡀ࿌ⓑࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᨵࡵ࡚ၥ࠺᫬࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡀఱ࠿ࠊศ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋすὒဴᏛྐ࡛᭱ึ࡟ࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࢆ୺㢟ⓗ࡟ㄽࡌࡓࡢࡣ๓ 4 ୡ⣖ࡢࣉࣛࢺ࡛ࣥ࠶ࡾࠊᙼࡢ᫬㛫ㄽࡣࠊᘵᏊ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡢ⮬↛Ꮫࡸᚋ௦ࡢࣉࣛࢺࣥ୺⩏⪅ࡓࡕ࡟ཷࡅ⥅ࡀࢀࠊဴᏛⓗ⪃ᐹ࡟ᇶ♏ࢆᤣ࠼ࡓࠋࣉࣛࢺࣥࡀࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࢆ୰ᚰⓗ࡟ᢅࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࠗࢸ࢕࣐࢖࢜ࢫ࠘
㸦Tim.㸧ࡢᏱᐂㄽ࡟㝈ࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏㄽ࡛ࡣࠊᚋୡࡢ᫬㛫ㄽࡢฟⓎⅬ࡜࡞ࡿࡑࡢ㆟ㄽࢆࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟༶ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ㸯㸬ࣉࣛࢺࣥࠕ᫬㛫ࠖㄽࡢ⫼ᬒ୓≀ࡢ⏕ᡂᾘ⁛࡟㛵ᚰࢆྥࡅࡓึᮇࢠࣜࢩ࢔ࡢ⮬↛Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ᫬㛫ࠖ㸦χρόνος㸧ࡀㄝ᫂࡟Ⓩሙࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ̿̿࢔ࢼࢡࢩ࣐ࣥࢻࣟࢫࡢ᩿∦࡟ࡣࠕ᫬ࡢ⛛ᗎ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࠖ
㸦κατὰ τὴν τοῦ χρόνουτάξιν㸧࡜࠶ࡿ㸦DK 12 B1㸧̿̿⪃ᐹࡢ୺㢟࡜ࡣ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࣉࣛࢺࣥࡣ୰ᮇᑐヰ⠍ࡢࠕ࢖ࢹ࢔ㄽ࡛ࠖࠊࠕᖖ࡟ࠊࡑࢀ⮬య࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆࠊ
ࠕ∦᫬ࡶྠ୍࡛࡞࠸ࠖឤぬ≀࡜ᑐẚࡋ࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡓ1ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣỌ㐲࡜᫬㛫ࡀᑐẚࡢ㍈࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢࠕ᫬
㛫ࠖࡀᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ゎ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊᚋᮇ Tim.ࡢᏱᐂไసㄽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ 37C-38C ࡀᇶᮏࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࣉࣛࢺࣥࡣࡑࡇ࡛ඛ⾜ࡍࡿဴᏛ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ㆟ㄽࢆព㆑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
ࠕỌ㐲㸭᫬㛫ࠖࢆ࢖ࢹ࢔ㄽࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㆟ㄽࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡣࠕᏱᐂࠖ㸦κόσμος, οὐρανός㸧ࡢᛶ㉁࡜ࡋ
࡚ᑟධࡉࢀࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛Ᏹᐂࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡢ୍㒊࡜ࡋ࡚ㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢸ࢕࣐࢖࢜ࢫࡣᏱᐂไసࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊࡲࡎࠊࠕᖖ࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢ㸭⏕ᡂࡋᾘ⁛ࡍࡿࡶࡢࠖࡢ༊ูࢆᑟධࡋ࡚ࠊ㆟ㄽࡢᇶ┙࡜ࡍࡿ㸦27D-28B㸧ࠋᏱᐂࡣࠕᖖ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠕ⏕ᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢࠖ
㸦γέγονεν, 28b7㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋไస⪅㸦ࢹ࣮࣑࣮࢘ࣝࢦࢫ㸧ࡣࠕᖖ࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢࠊᖖ࡟ྠ୍ࢆಖࡕࠊỌ㐲ࡢࡶࡢࠖ㸦τὸ ὂν ἀεί, ἀεὶ κατὰ ταὐτά, τὸ ἀίδιον㸧ࢆࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᏱᐂࢆไసࡋࡓ㸦27D-29A㸧ࠋࣔࢹࣝࡣࠕ⌮ᛶࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⏕ࡁ≀ࠖࢆໟྵࡍࡿࠕ᏶඲࡞⏕ࡁ≀࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸦31A-B㸧ࠊࡑࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ༢୍ᛶ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡛ఝࡏ࡚సࡽࢀࡓࡢࡀࠊ༢୍య࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࠊ࠶ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿᏱᐂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕࡑࡢ༢୍ᛶ࡟༶ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠿ࡢ᏶඲࡞⏕ࡁ≀࡟ఝࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࠊ͐͐ࡇࡢᏱᐂࡣࡓࡔ୍ࡘࡢ✀ࡢࡶ5ࠗ᪂ࣉࣛࢺࣥ୺⩏◊✲࠘➨ 12 ྕࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡲࢀࠊ⌧࡟࠶ࡾࠊ௒ᚋࡶ࠶ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸦γεγονὼς ἔστιν καὶ ἔτ᾽ ἔσται㸧ࠋࠖ㸦31a8-b3㸧ไసࡉࢀࡓᏱᐂࡣࠊỌ㐲ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟ೌࡗ࡚᫬㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿỌ⥆ᛶࢆࡶࡘࠋࡑࡢࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀḟࡢㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖࡣࠕ୍㸭ከࠖ࡟ᙜࡓࡿࠕࣔࢹࣝ㸭ീࠖࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ༢୍ᛶ࡜࠸࠺
≉ᛶ࡬ࡢὀ┠࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕ୍㸭୍ࠖ㛵ಀ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚సࡽࢀࡓᏱᐂࡣࠊࠕᮏᛶୖࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ❧ὴ࡛᭱ࡶၿࡁసရ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ㨦ࢆഛ࠼⌮ᛶࢆഛ࠼ࡓࠕ୍ಶࡢྍどⓗ࡞⏕ࡁ≀ࠖ㸦30B-C㸧࡛࠶ࡿ2ࠋᏱᐂࢆไసࡋࡓࢹ࣮࣑࣮࢘ࣝࢦࢫࡣࠕᖖ࡟࠶ࡿ⚄࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ3ࠊసࡽࢀࡓᏱᐂࡣࠊࠕ࠸ࡘ࠿࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ⚄ࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸦34A-B㸧ࠋ⥆࠸࡚ࠊࠕ୙ྍศ࡛ᖖ࡟ྠ୍ࢆಖࡘ᭷ࠖ
㸦35A㸧࡞࡝ࡢࠕ࠶ࡿࠖ
ࢆࠕྠࠊ␗ࠖࡢᮦᩱࢆΰࡐྜࢃࡏࡿࠕᏱᐂࡢ㨦ࠖࡢ」㞧࡞ไసࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚ࠊࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡢླྀ㏙࡟⛣ࡿࠋ㸰㸬ࢹ࣮࣑࣮࢘ࣝࢦࢫ࡟ࡼࡿࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡢไస
࡛ࡣࠊ37C-38A ࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆࠊ⠇ࡈ࡜࡟᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺4ࠋ(I) 37c6-d1 ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚⏕ࡲࢀ࡚᮶ࡓࡶࡢ㸦Ᏹᐂ㸧ࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚ື࠸࡚࠸࡚ࠊ[1] Ọ㐲࡞ࡿ⚄ࠎࡢ [2] ⚄ീ㸦τῶν ἀιδίων θεῶν γεγονὸς ἄγαλμα㸧5࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆㄆࡵࡓ࡜ࡁࠊࡑࢀࡢ⏕ࡳࡢ∗ࡣ႐ࡧࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ୖᶵ᎘࡛ࠊ[3] ࡞࠾ࡼࡾ୍ᒙࣔࢹࣝ࡟ఝࡓࡶࡢ࡟㸦ἔτιμᾶλλον ὅμοιον πρὸς τὸ παράδειγμα㸧௙ୖࡆࡼ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
[1]ࠕỌ㐲࡞ࡿ⚄ࠎࠖࡣఱࢆᣦࡍ࠿㸽 ࡑࡢゎ㔘ࡣ㞴ࡋࡃࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟␲࠸ࡶᢞࡆ࠿ࡅࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ
ࡓࠋ[a] Ᏹᐂไసࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠕ࢖ࢹ࢔ࠖ࠿㸦Archer-Hind㸧ࠊ[b] Ᏹᐂࡢࠕไస⪅ࠖ࠿ࠊ[c] ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓࠕኳయࠖ࠿㸦Cornford㸧ࠊࡀೃ⿵࡟ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡲࡎࠊ[a] Ᏹᐂࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣࠕ⌮ᛶࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ⏕ࡁ≀ࡍ࡭࡚ࢆ⮬ᕫ⮬㌟ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ໟᣓࡋ࡚ࡶࡘࠖ
༢୍ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸦30C-D㸧ࠊࠕỌ㐲ࠖ㸦ἀίδιον㸧࡜ᙧᐜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦29A㸧6ࠋ௚᪉࡛ࠊゎ㔘⪅ࡓࡕࡀᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆ⚄ࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺⟠ᡤࡣ Tim.࡟࡞࠸ࠋ௚᪉࡛ࠊ[b] ไస⪅ࡣ༢୍࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠕ⚄ࠎࠖ࡜࠸࠺」ᩘᙧࡣ┦ᛂࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ
[c] ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ⌮⏤࠿ࡽ Cornford ࡣࠊኳࢆ㐠⾜ࡍࡿኳయࢆࠕ⚄ࠎࠖ࡜࿧ࡪ࡜⪃࠼ࠊࣔࢹࣝࢆᣦࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࠕ⚄ീࠖࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡍࡿࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊᜏᫍࡣࡍࡇࡋᚋ࡛ࠕ⚄ⓗ࡛Ọ㐲࡞ࡿ⏕ࡁ≀ࠖ㸦ζῷα θεῖα ὄντα καὶ ἀίδια, 40b5㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ኱ᆅࡸኳయࡣᚋ࡟ࠕ⚄ࠎࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦40c3㸧ࠋࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢ᫬ⅬࠊࡘࡲࡾᏱᐂไసࡢ➨ 1 ẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡔኳయࡣไసࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋసࡽࢀࡿ௨๓ࡢࡶࡢࡀゝཬࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ୙⮬↛࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ[c’] Ᏹᐂࡢ㨦ࡢࠕᅇ㌿㐠ືࠖࢆࡑ࠺࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࠊࡑࡢሙྜࠕỌ㐲ࠖࡀࠕ඲᫬㛫ࡢ㝈ࡾࠖ㸦36e4-5㸧࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧࡜ᑐ❧ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࠊࡲࡓࠕ⚄ࠎࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡶࡸࡣࡾ୙⮬↛࡟ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࠋ
௚᪉࡛ࠊ[a’] ࣔࢹࣝ࡜࡞ࡿࠕ⌮ᛶࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⏕ࡁ≀ࠖ㸦」ᩘ㸧ࢆᣦࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡍࡄᚋ࡛ࣔࢹࣝࠕ⏕ࡁ≀ࡑࡢࡶࡢࠖࡶࠕỌ㐲ࠖ࡜ㄒࡽࢀࡿ㸦d1㸧ࠋࠕ⚄ࠎࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡀ┦ᛂࡋ࠸࠿ࠊၥ㢟ࡣṧࡿࡀࠊ⚾ࡣ┠ୗࡇࡢゎ㔘ࡀ᭱㐺࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ6ࣉࣛࢺࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᫬㛫࡜Ọ㐲[2] Cornford ࡜✀ᒣࡣࠕ⚄ࠎࠖࢆኳయ࡜࡜ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀఫࡲ࠺ࠕ⚄Ẋࠖ࡜ゎࡍࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊࠕ⚄ࠎࠖࡀࣔࢹࣝࢆᣦࡍ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡑࡢ┠࡟ぢ࠼ࡿጼ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ⚄ീࠖࡀ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ࠋ[3] ࡍ࡛࡟Ᏹᐂࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚ື࠸࡚࠸ࡿጼࢆぢ࡚ࠊไస⪅ࡀࠕ࡞࠾ࡼࡾ୍ᒙఝࡓࡶࡢ࡟ࠖ௙ୖࡆࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ㐣⛬ࡣᏱᐂไసࡢ➨ 2 ẁ㝵ࢆ࡞ࡍࠋTaylor ࡽẚ႘ⓗゎ㔘ㄽ⪅ࡣࠊࡇࢀࢆ 1 ࡘࡢไస㐣⛬ࡢ 2 ഃ㠃࡜ࡍࡿࡀࠊࢸ࢕࣐࢖࢜ࢫࡣẁ㝵ⓗ࡟ླྀ㏙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ7ࠋࡔࡀࠊࠕẁ㝵ࠖࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫬㛫ⓗ๓ᚋ࡛࠶ࡿᚲせࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⌮ᛕⓗ࡞㡰ᗎ࡛ࡼ࠸ࠋ➨ 2 ẁ㝵ࡣࠊ
ࠕ7 ࡘࡢኳయࠖ
㸦ኴ㝧ࠊ᭶ࠊ5 ࡘࡢᝨᫍ㸧ࢆࠕ␗ࠖࡢᅇ㌿㐠ື࡟㓄⨨ࡍࡿసᴗ࡟ᙜࡓࡿ㸦38C-39E㸧ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢኳయࡣࠊࠕ᫬㛫ࡢᩘࢆ༊ศࡋࠊࡇࢀࢆぢᙇࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡓࠖ
㸦38c6㸧࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ(II) 37d1-2 ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࣔࢹࣝࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࠊ[4] Ọ㐲࡞ࡿ⏕ࡁ≀㸦ζῷον ἀίδιον㸧࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡲࡓࡇࡢ୓≀ࢆࡶࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅࡑࢀ࡜ྠᛶ㉁ࡢࡶࡢ࡟௙ୖࡆࡼ࠺࡜ດࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋ
[4] ไస⪅ࡣࠊࣔࢹࣝࡢࠕỌ㐲ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᛶ᱁࡟ὀ┠ࡋࠊࡑࡢⅬ࡛㢮ఝࢆసࡾฟࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࣔࢹࣝࡢࠕ༢୍ᛶࠖ࡟༶ࡋ࡚㢮ఝࡉࡏࡓ㐣⛬㸦31b1㸧࡜ࣃ࡛ࣛࣞࣝ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ༢୍ᛶ࡟༶ࡋ࡚సࡽࢀࡓᏱᐂࡀ୍ࡘࡢ⤫ྜయ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊỌ㐲ᛶ࡟༶ࡋ࡚సࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࢆࡶࡘ࡜࠸࠺ᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(III) 37d3-4 ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ⏕ࡁ≀ࡣࠊࡑࡢᮏᛶࡀࡲࡉ࡟ [5] Ọ㐲ⓗ㸦αἰώνιος㸧ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛶ㉁ࡣࠊᐇ㝿ࠊ⏕ᡂ≀࡟ [6] ᏶඲࡟ࡣ௜୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ[5]ࠕỌ㐲ࠖ㸦αἰών㸧࡜࠸࠺ࢠࣜࢩ࢔ㄒࡣࠊࠕᖖ࡟ࠖ㸦ἀεί, αἰεί㸧ࡢὴ⏕ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࣓࣍ࣟࢫ௨᮶ࠕ⏕࿨ࠊ⏕ᾭࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡸࡀ࡚ࠕ㛗࠸᫬㛫ࠖ࠿ࡽ࢔࢖ࢫ࢟ࣗࣟࢫࡢ㡭࡟ࡣࠕࡎࡗ࡜ࠖࡢព࿡࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㸦Ag. 554㸧ࠋࠕ᫬㛫ࠖ࡜ᑐẚࡉࢀࡿࠕỌ㐲ࠖࡢព࿡ࡣࠊࣉࣛࢺࣥࡢࡇࡢ⟠ᡤࡀ඾ᣐ࡜࡞ࡾࠊࠕỌ㐲ⓗࠖ㸦αἰώνιος㸧࡜࠸࠺ᙧᐜモࡣࣉࣛࢺࣥࡀึฟ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ㸦LSJ㸧ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠕᖖ࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢࠖ
㸦27D-28B㸧࡜࠸࠺ࣔࢹࣝࡢ≉ᛶ࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢఝീࡀไసࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࠕỌ㐲ࠖ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࠋ↓᫬㛫ⓗ࡞Ọ㐲㸦timelessly eternal㸧࠿ࠊ᫬㛫ⓗ࡞Ọ⥆㸦everlasting㸧࠿㸽 ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࣉࣛࢺࣥ⮬㌟ࡀ୧⪅ࡢ㛫ࢆᦂࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿㸦Owen㸧8㸽 ࣉࣛࢺࣥࡣ௚ࡢᑐヰ⠍࡛ࡶࠊ࢖ࢹ࢔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕᖖ࡟ྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆࡋࡤࡋࡤ⏝࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠕᖖ࡟࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ọ㐲ᛶࡣࣔࢹࣝࡢ≉ᚩࢆ࡞ࡍ9ࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫࡸ࣓ࣜࢵࢯࢫ࡬ࡢᑐᛂ࡟㛵ࢃࡿࠋ[6] Ọ㐲࡜࠸࠺≉ᛶࡣࠊീ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡢࡲࡲ᏶඲࡟ఝࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ௚᪉ࠊᏱᐂࡣࠕ⏕ᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ୰࡛ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ⨾ࡋ࠸ࠖ
㸦29a5㸧࡜ࡉࢀࠊࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅఝࡓ࠶ࡾ᪉࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㸱㸬ࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡢᐃ⩏࢔࢚ࢸ࢕࢜ࢫࡢᏛㄝㄅ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣉࣛࢺࣥࡢࠕ᫬㛫ࠖᴫᛕࡣࠊ“αἰῶνος εἰκόνα κινητήν”࡜ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ

7ࠗ᪂ࣉࣛࢺࣥ୺⩏◊✲࠘➨ 12 ྕࡿ㸦DG. 318.6-7㸧ࠋࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡢᐃ⩏ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(IV) 37d5-7 ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊỌ㐲ࢆ෗ࡍࠊఱ࠿ືࡃఝീࢆ㸦εἰκὼ κινητόν τινα αἰῶνος㸧ࠊ⚄ࡣసࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࡓࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᏱᐂࢆ⛛ᗎ࡙ࡅࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ[7] ୍ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟␃ࡲࡿỌ㐲ࢆ㸦μένοντοςαἰῶνος ἐν ἑνὶ㸧෗ࡋ࡚ࠊ[8] ᩘ࡟༶ࡋ࡚ືࡁ࡞ࡀࡽỌ㐲ࡽࡋࡉࢆಖࡘఝീࢆ㸦κατ’ ἀριθμὸν ἰοῦσαναἰώνιον εἰκόνα㸧10సࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢఝീࡇࡑࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ [9]ࠕ᫬㛫ࠖ࡜ྡ࡙ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
[7]ࠕ୍ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟␃ࡲࡿỌ㐲㸭ᩘ࡟༶ࡋ࡚ືࡃఝീࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᑐẚࡣࠊࠕࣔࢹࣝ㸭ീࠖࡢ≉㉁࡛࠶
ࡿࠕ୍㸭ከࠖࢆ࠶ࡿ௙᪉࡛ྵពࡍࡿࠋࠕ㒊ศࠖࡸࠕ┦ࠖ࡜࠸࠺௙᪉࡛ࠊ᫬㛫ࡣᩘ㸦ከᩘᛶ㸧ࢆチᐜࡍࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠕ␃ࡲࡿࠖ
㸦μένειν㸧ࡣࠊ┿ࡢࠕ࠶ࡿࠖ
㸦࢖ࢹ࢔㸧࡟㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦μόνιμον, 29b6㸧11ࠋࠕఝീࠖ㸦εἰκών㸧ࡣࠊࣔࢹࣝࡢṇ☜࡞ẚ⋡ࢆಖࡘീࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ㸦29b2, cf. Sph.
235d-e㸧ࠋ[8]ࠕᩘ࡟༶ࡋ࡚ࠖ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀ⌮ᛶ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ィ ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋࠊே㛫ࡢ㨦࡟ࡼࡿᢕᥱ࡜ࠊဴᏛ᥈✲ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠋ47A ࡛ࡣ㸦᫨ኪ࣭ᖺ᭶࣭ᅄᏘࡢどぬ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸧ࠕᩘࡀ᱌ࡌฟࡉࢀࠊ᫬㛫ࡢほᛕ࡜୓᭷ࡢᮏᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᥈ồࡀ⚾ࡓࡕ࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠖ࡜ㄒࡽࢀࡿ12ࠋ[9]ࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡣఱࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࡢ࠿㸽 [a] ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣥⓗ࡞ࠕ⤯ᑐ᫬㛫ࠖࢆᣦࡍࡢ࠿㸦Taylor㸧ࠊ[b] Ᏹᐂ࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⛛ᗎࡸᩘⓗᙧᘧࢆᣦࡍࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ[c] ලయⓗ࡞ኳయࢆᣦࡍࡢ࠿㸽 ኳయࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊ[c1] ࡑࢀ࡛ ࡿつ‽ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࠕ᫬ィࠖࢆᣦࡍࡢ࠿㸦Guthrie, Mohr㸧ࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡶࠊ[c2]ࡽࢀࡿኳయ㐠⾜ࡢᩘⓗ⛛ᗎࢆᣦࡍࡢ࠿13㸽᫬㛫ࡀᝨᫍ࡞࡝ኳయࡢ⏕ᡂ࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ[a]ࠕ⤯ᑐ᫬㛫࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡀ [b] ࡑࢀ⮬య࡛⊂❧ࡋࡓᏑᅾ㸦ᩘⓗ⛛ᗎ㸧࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ[c] ኳయࡑࢀ⮬య࠿ࡑࡢᒓᛶ࠿ࡀࠊࡲࡎၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࠕỌ㐲ࠖࡀࣔࢹࣝࡢ᭷ࡍࡿ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࡽࠊࡑࡢఝീࡢࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡶᏱᐂࡢࡶࡘ
≉ᛶ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡀ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ࠋኳయ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⛛ᗎࡀලయ໬ࡍࡿ௨ୖ㸦38E, 39D㸧
ࠊ[c] ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀṧࡿࠋ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡣࠕ࠶ࡿேࠎࡣ᫬㛫ࢆ඲Ᏹᐂࡢ㐠ື࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࠊูࡢேࠎࡣኳ⌫ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
㸦Phys. IV.10, 218a33-b1㸧࡜ㄒࡾࠊ๓⪅࡛ࣉࣛࢺࣥࠊᚋ⪅࡛ࣆࣗࢱࢦࣛࢫὴࢆ
ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦cf. DG. 318.11-12㸧ࠋ㸲㸬ࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡢ㒊ศ࡜ㅖ┦ḟ࡟ࠊ᫬㛫ࡢ㒊ศ࡜┦ࡀつᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ(V) 37e1-3 ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ[10] ᫨ࡶኪࡶࠊ᭶ࡶᖺࡶࠊᏱᐂࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡲ࡛ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚄ࡣ [11] Ᏹᐂࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡼ࠺࡟௙⤌ࢇࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ[10] Rep. VII. 530A-B ࡛ࡣࠊኳ✵ࡢไస⪅ࡀࠕ᪥㸦᫨㸧ࠊኪࠊ᭶ࠊᖺࠖࢆࠊẚ⋡ࢆ୚࠼࡚⛛ᗎ࡙ࡅࡓࡇ࡜ࡀㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦cf. Phlb. 30C㸧ࠋ8ࣉࣛࢺࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᫬㛫࡜Ọ㐲[11] ᫬㛫ࡀᏱᐂᵓᡂ࡜ࠕྠ᫬࡟ࠖ⏕ࡌࡓ࡜ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព࿡࠿㸽 ࠕ᫬㛫ࡢ๰㐀ࠖ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊࡑࢀ௨๓࡟ఱࡶ࡞࠸࠸ࢃࡤࠕ↓ࠖ࠿ࡽࣅࢵࢡࣂࣥࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚᫬㛫⮬యࡶጞࡲࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸦cf. 30A㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊไస⪅ࡀཷࡅྲྀࡗࡓྍどⓗ࡞≀ࡣࠊࠕࡌࡗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸࡛ࠊㄪᏊእࢀ࡟↓⛛ᗎ࡟ື࠸࡚ࠖ࠸ࡓ㸦30A㸧ࠋࢸ࢕࣐࢖࢜ࢫࡣ⛛ᗎ໬௨๓ࡢࠕሙࠖࡀࠕᏱᐂࡢ⏕ᡂ௨๓࡟ࡍ࡛࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ㸦52D㸧࡜ㄒࡾࠊࠕ୙つ๎࡟࠶ࡽࡺࡿ᪉ྥ࡟ືᦂࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚ࠊᦂࡉࡪࡽࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡲࡓ⮬ศࡢ࡯࠺ࡶື࠿ࡉࢀືࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠖ㸦52E㸧
ࠊືࡁࡸࠕ⑞㊧ࠖ㸦53B㸧ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ㄒࡿࠋᏱᐂࡢ⏕ᡂࡀࡇࡢཎึⓗ࡞ሙ㸻⣲ᮦࡢᙧ࡙ࡅ㸦⛛ᗎ࡙ࡅ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓ௨ୖࠊࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡢ⏕ᡂࡶࡑࡢព࿡࡛⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀ௨๓ࡀࠕ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞↓࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ(VI) 37e3-5 ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣࡍ࡭࡚ [12] ᫬㛫ࡢ㒊ศ㸦μέρη χρόνου㸧࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊ
ࠕ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡸࠕ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖࡶ㸦τό τ’ ἦν τό τ’ ἔσται㸧᫬㛫ࡢ┦࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡓࡶࡢ㸦χρόνου γεγονόταεἴδη㸧࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࠊẼ࡙࠿ࡎ࡟ㄗࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢゝⴥࢆỌ㐲ࡢ᭷࡟㸦τὴνἀίδιον οὐσίαν㸧㐺⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
[12] ࣉࣛࢺࣥࡀࠕ᫬㛫ࡢ㒊ศ㸭┦ࠖࢆつᐃࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࣉࣟࢱࢦࣛࢫࡢ㆟ㄽࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᙼࡣࠕ᭱ึ࡟᫬㛫ࡢ㒊ศࢆ༊ูࡋࡓ㸦μέρη χρόνου διώρισε㸧ࠖ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ(DL9.52)ࠋࡇࡢሗ࿌࡟ࡣከᵝ࡞ゎ㔘ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊືモࡢ᫬ไࡀ༊ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ(VII) 37e5-38a2 ࡘࡲࡾ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡶࠊ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶࠊ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ࡶ㸦ὡς ἦν ἔστιντε καὶ ἔσται㸧ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ┿࡞ࡿゝ࠸᪉࡛ࡣࠊ[13] ࡓࡔࠕ࠶ࡿࠖ㸦τὸ ἔστιν㸧ࡔࡅࡀࡑࢀ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ࠶ࡗࡓࠖ࡜ࠕ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ㸦τὸ ἦν τό τ’ ἔσται㸧࡜ࡣࠊ᫬㛫ࡢ୰ࢆ㐍⾜ࡍࡿ⏕ᡂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸦περὶ τὴν ἐν χρόνῳ γένεσιν ἰοῦσαν㸧ゝࢃࢀࡿࡢࡀ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
[13]ࠕ࠶ࡗࡓࠖ㸦ᮍ᏶஢㐣ཤᙧ㸧࡜ࠕ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ㸦ᮍ᮶ᙧ㸧ࡣࠕ᫬㛫ࡢ┦ࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࠕỌ㐲ࡢ࠶ࡿࠖࡣ୧⪅࡟ࡣ୚ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ஦≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡔࡅ㐣ཤ࡜ᮍ᮶ࡀㄒࡽࢀࡿࠋ᫬ไࢆࡵࡄࡿၥ㢟࡛ࡣࠊࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫࡽඛ⾜ဴᏛ⪅ࡀព㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫࡢリ࡛ࠊዪ⚄ࡣࡇ࠺ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࠕࡑࢀࡣ࠿ࡘ࡚࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡶࠊ࠸ࡘ࠿࠶ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠊ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸㸦οὐδέ ποτ’ ἦν οὐδ’ ἔσται㸧ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠕ࠶ࡿࠖࡣࠊ࠸ࡲࠊࡇࡇ࡟୍ᣲ࡟ࠊ඲యࡀࠊ୍ࡘࡢࠊ⼥ྜจ⤖య࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸦νῦν ἔστιν ὁμοῦ πᾶν㸧ࢃࡅࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ
㸦DK 28 B8.5-6ࠊ஭ୖᛅヂ㸧ࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫࡣࠕ࠶ࡿࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ
ࠕ࠶ࡗࡓࠖ࡜ࠕ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖࢆㄆࡵ࡞࠸㸦cf. B8.19-20㸧
ࠋࡑࡢᚩ࡙ࡅࡣࠊࢡࢭࣀࣇ࢓ࢿࢫࡢリྃࢆព㆑ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆಟṇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢡࢭࣀࣇ࢓ࢿࢫࡣࠕ⚄ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࠕᖖ࡟ྠࡌ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟␃ࡲࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊᑡࡋࡶື࠿࡞࠸ࠖ
㸦αἰεὶ δ’ ἐν ταὐτῶι μίμνει κινούμενος οὐδέν㸧㸦DK 21 B26.1㸧

9ࠗ᪂ࣉࣛࢺࣥ୺⩏◊✲࠘➨ 12 ྕࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫࡣࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࠕᖖ࡟ࠖࡢㄒࢆ࠶࠼࡚ⴠ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ࠶ࡿࠖࡢ≉ᚩࢆㄒࡿࠋࠕྠ୍ࡢࡶࡢࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ྠ୍ࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ⮬య࡛␃ࡲࡿࠖ㸦ταὐτόν τ᾽ ἐν ταὐτῷ τε μένον καθ᾽ἑαυτό τε κεῖται㸧㸦DK 28 B8.29㸧ࡇࡢಟṇࡣࠊࠕᖖ࡟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺๪モࡀ᫬㛫ⓗᣢ⥆ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦cf. B15: αἰεί㸧ࠊࠕ࠶ࡿࠖ࡟㐺⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ14ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࣓ࣜࢵࢯࢫࡣࠊࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫ࡟཯ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ࠶ࡿࠖࢆࠕᖖ࡟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩ࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣࠊᖖ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡋࠊᖖ࡟࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸦ἀεὶ ἦν ὅ τι ἦν καὶ ἀεὶ ἔσται㸧ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࡶࡋࡑࢀࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡼࡾ๓࡟ఱࡶ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᚲ↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊఱࡶ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽఱ࠿ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࡅࡗࡋ࡚࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࠖ
㸦DK 30 B1㸧ࠕࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡶࡢ࡛࡞࠸௨ୖࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡾࠊᖖ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡋࠊᖖ࡟࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸦ἔστι τεκαὶ ἀεὶ ἦν καὶ ἀεὶ ἔσται㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞ጞࡲࡾࡶࡶࡓࡎࠊ࡝ࢇ࡞⤊ࢃࡾࡶᣢࡓ࡞࠸࡛ࠊࡴࡋࢁ↓㝈࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ἄπειρόν ἐστιν㸧ࠋ͐͐࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ඲య࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡀᖖ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸦ἀεὶ εἶναι㸧ࡣ୙ྍ⬟ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ
㸦B2㸧࣓ࣜࢵࢯࢫࡣࠕᖖ࡟ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᤣ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࠕ࠶ࡗࡓࠖ㸦ᮍ᏶஢㐣ཤᙧ㸧࡜ࠕ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ㸦ᮍ᮶ᙧ㸧ࡶㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡣ᭦࡟ࠊࠕ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࠖࢆࠕ↓㝈ࠖ࡜ᤊ࠼㸦B3㸧ࠊࡑࡢ᫬㛫ᛶࢆࠕỌ㐲ࠖ㸦ἀίδιον㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡃ㸦B4㸧ࠋ୍⯡࡟ࣉࣛࢺࣥࡣࠊࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫࡢ⤯ᑐⓗࠕ࠶ࡿࠖࡢ⌮ゎࢆᘬࡁ⥅ࡂࠊࠕ࠶ࡗࡓ㸭࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ
ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢯࢫࢆ㏥ࡅࡓࠊ࡜⌮ゎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Owen ࡽ㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ஦ែࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝༢⣧࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋSph.࡛ࡢᚭᗏࡋࡓࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫᢈุࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ᫬ࠊᙼࡢࠕ࠶ࡿࠖࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫࡀࠕ࠶ࡿࠖࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡿࠕ௒ࠖ㸦νῦν㸧࡜࠸࠺ほⅬࢆ㸦ἀεί㸧ࢆࠕ࢖ࢹ࢔ࠖࡢ≉ᚩࣉࣛࢺࣥࡣཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡴࡋࢁ࣓ࣜࢵࢯࢫࡀᙉㄪࡋࡓࠕᖖ࡟ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣉࣛࢺࣥࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢡࢭࣀࣇ࢓ࢿࢫࠊࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫࠊ࣓ࣜࢵࢯࢫ࡜⥆ࡃࠕ࠶ࡿࠖࡢ᫬㛫ⓗ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࢆᢈุⓗ࡟ཷᐜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࠕỌ㐲㸭᫬㛫ࠖࡢᑐẚࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓࠋ┿࡟ࠕ࠶ࡿࠖ࢖ࢹ࢔ࡢࠕỌ㐲ᛶࠖࡣࠊ᫬ไࢆࡶࡓࡎࠊ᫬ࡢ༊ูࢆࡶࡓ࡞࠸ព࿡࡛ࠊ↓᫬㛫ⓗ࡞ࠕᖖ࡟࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ௒ࠊ୍ᣲ࡟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡸࠊ࣓ࣜࢵࢯࢫ࡟ࡼࡿࠕ↓㝈ࠖ࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩ
࡙ࡅࡶ㏥ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௚᪉࡛ࠊỌ㐲࡛࠶ࡿࣔࢹࣝࡢఝീ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᫬㛫ࡣࠊࠕ࠶ࡗࡓ㸭࠶ࡿ㸭࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ࡜࠸࠺᫬ไ࡜᫬㛫ࡢ༊ูࢆࡶࡘ௙᪉࡛ࠊࠕᖖ࡟ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ọ⥆ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠋ
(VIII) 38a2-8 ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᚋ஧⪅ࡣືࡁ㸦κινήσεις㸧࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୙ືࡢ≧ែ࡛ᖖ࡟ྠ୍ࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢሙྜࡣࠊ᫬㛫ࡢ⤒㐣࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᖺ࡜ࡗ࡚⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶⱝࡃ
࡞ࡾ⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶࠊ௒࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࠊࡲࡓࠊ௒ᚋ10ࣉࣛࢺࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᫬㛫࡜Ọ㐲࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡃ㸦οὐδὲ γενέσθαι ποτὲ οὐδὲ γεγονέναι νῦν οὐδ’ εἰς αὖθις ἔσεσθαι㸧ࠊ⥲ࡌ࡚ࠊ⏕ᡂ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊឤぬෆ࡛㐠ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ஦≀࡟௜୚ࡍࡿ࡝ࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡶࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓྠ୍ࢆಖࡘࡶࡢ࡟ࡣヱᙜࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠊࡴࡋࢁࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊỌ㐲ࢆᶍೌࡋ㸦αἰῶνα μιμουμένου㸧ࠊᩘ࡟༶ࡋ࡚෇㐠ືࢆࡋ࡚⾜ࡃ㸦κατ’ ἀριθμὸν κυκλουμένου㸧࡜ࡇࢁࡢ᫬㛫ࡢᵝ┦㸦χρόνου εἴδη㸧࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚Ᏹᐂ࡜᫬㛫ࡢ୍యᛶࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿ㸦38b6-c1㸧ࠋ᫬㛫ࡀࠕỌ㐲ࠖ࡞ࡿࣔࢹࣝ㸦πάντα αἰῶνάἐστιν ὄν㸧࡟ఝࡏ࡚⏕ࡌࡓ௨ୖࠊࠕᏱᐂࡢ࡯࠺ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣࡇࢀ࡛ࠊ඲᫬㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚⤊ጞࠊ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࠊ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࠊ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡶࡢ㸦διὰ τέλους τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον γεγονώς τε καὶ ὢν καὶ ἐσόμενος㸧ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠖ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸦38b8-c2㸧ࠋ⤖ࡧࠊࣉࣛࢺࣥࡣࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࢆࠕỌ㐲ࠖࡢീ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㏫࡟⚾ࡓࡕࡢୡ⏺ࡢࠕ᫬㛫ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕỌ㐲ࠖࡢᛶ᱁ࢆ↷ࡽࡋฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ᫬㛫ࡣ⏕ᡂࡋࡓᏱᐂࡀ᭷ࡍࡿ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡾࠊኳయ㐠ືࡢᩘ࡟ࡼࡿィ ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࠊࠕ࠶ࡗࡓ㸭࠶ࡿ㸭࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ࡜࠸࠺┦࡛ㄒࡽࢀࡿࠋ᫬㛫ࡀไసࡉࢀࡿ௨๓ࡢ࢝࢜ࢫࡢ≧ែࡣࠊࠕ↓᫬㛫ⓗ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠕỌ㐲࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠊ࢖ࢹ࢔ࡢࡶࡘࠕỌ㐲ࠖᛶࡣࠊࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㉸᫬㛫ᛶ࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊඛ⾜ࡍࡿᛮ᝿ࡢᢈุⓗཷᐜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࠕỌ㐲ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ࠶ࡗࡓ㸭࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖࢆᣄྰࡋ࡚ࠕ࠶
ࡿࠖࡔࡅࢆㄆࡵࡿែᗘࡣࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫ࡟㏆ࡃࠊ࣓ࣜࢵࢯࢫ࡜ᑐ❧ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠕỌ㐲ࠖࡣࠊ᫬㛫ⓗỌ⥆ᛶ㸦ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊᏱᐂࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉㸧࡜༊ูࡉࢀࡿࠋ௚᪉࡛ࠊࠕᖖ࡟ྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙉㄪࡣࠊࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫࡀ⪃࠼ࡓࠕ௒ࠊ୍ᣲ࡟ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬⓗ࣭▐㛫ⓗ࡞Ọ㐲ᛶ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊỌ㐲࡜ࡣࠊỌ⥆ࡍࡿ᫬㛫࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ᫬㛫ࡢⅬ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠊ
ࠕᖖ࡟ࠊ࠶ࡿࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࢖ࢹ࢔࣭ࣔࢹࣝࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࠕỌ㐲ࠖࢆࠊゝⴥ࡛㐺ษ࡟⾲⌧࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕ᫬㛫ࠖࡢഃࠊࡘࡲࡾఝീࡢୡ⏺࡟࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽཎ≀ࢆࠕᖖ࡟࠶ࡿࠊỌ㐲࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺௙᪉࡛ࡋ࠿グ㏙࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋࣉࣛࢺࣥࡣࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓゝㄒࡢ୙ṇ☜ࡉࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊఝീ㸦᫬㛫㸧࠿ࡽཎ≀㸦Ọ㐲㸧ࢆㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡃႠࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᫬㛫ㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௚᪉࡛ࠊࣉࣟࢸ࢕ࣀࢫࡣࠕ୍ࠖࢆࠕ㝈ᗘࡀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࡋࠊࠕỌ㐲ࠖࢆࠕ↓㝈ࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࡀ㸦cf. III 7 [45],5, 24, 25-26㸧ࠊࣉࣛࢺࣥࡣࠕỌ㐲ࠖࢆࠕ↓㝈ࠖ࡜ࡣㄒࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⅼࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡽࠕ᫬㛫ࡢ๰㐀ࠖࡢㄝ᫂ࢆࠊᏐ⩏㏻ࡾ࡟⌮ゎࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿㸦࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ㸹Mohrࡽ㸧ࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ẚ႘ⓗࠊࡲࡓࡣ⚄ヰⓗ࡟⌮ゎࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿㸦ࢫ࣌࢘ࢩࢵ࣏ࢫࠊࢡࢭࣀࢡࣛࢸࢫࠊࢡࣛࣥࢺࣝࠊࣉࣟࢸ࢕ࣀࢫ㸹TaylorࠊCornford ࡽ㸧࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸ࡀࠊྂ௦௨᮶㛗ࡃㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ15ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮏ⪃ᐹࡢ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡣࠊࣉࣛࢺࣥࡀᩥᏐ㏻ࡾࡢࠕ᫬㛫ࠖ๰タࢆࠊ࢖ࢹ࢔ㄽ࡟ࡶ࡜࡙ࡃᏱᐂㄽ࡟࠾࠸࡚᝿ᐃࡋࡓ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ㄽᣐࡣぢฟࡏ࡞࠸ࠋ11ࠗ᪂ࣉࣛࢺࣥ୺⩏◊✲࠘➨ 12 ྕᩥ⊩Archer-Hind, R. D., 1888. The Timaeus of Plato, edited with introd. and notes, Cambridge: UniversityPress.
Cornford, F. M., 1937. Plato’s Cosmology: the Timaeus of Plato, translated with a running commentary,London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner.
Coxon, A. H., 1986. The Fragments of Parmenides, Assen: Van Gorcum.
Guthrie, W. K. C. 1978. A History of Greek Philosophy V, The Later Plato and the Academy, Cambridge:University Press.
Mohr, R. D., 1985. The Platonic Cosmology, Leiden: Brill.
Owen, G. E. R., 1966. “Plato and Parmenides on the Timeless Present”, Monist 50, 317-340; repr. his Logic,Science, and Dialectic: Collected Papers in Greek Philosophy, ed. M. Nussbaum, Ithaca, NY: Cornell
University Press, 1986, 27-44.
Taylor, A. E., 1928. A Commentary on Plato’s Timaeus, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
✀ᒣᜤᏊ, 1975. ࠗࢸ࢕࣐࢖࢜ࢫ࠘㸦ヂࠊゎㄝ㸧ࠊࣉࣛࢺࣥ඲㞟 12ࠊᒾἼ᭩ᗑ1඾ᆺⓗ࡟ࡣࠊPhd. 78C-E, 79D-80B, Symp. 211B ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
Cf. 30C-D, 32D-33B, 33D.
3ࠕ⌮ᛶࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡾᖖ࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛᭱ࡶඃࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡓࠖ㸦37A㸧࡜ࡶㄒࡽࢀࡿ㸦ణࡋࠊㄞࡳ࡟ከࡃࡢゎ㔘ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸸✀ᒣࠊ45, n.3㸧ࠋ4௨ୗࠊTim.ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ✀ᒣヂࢆᇶᮏ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ಟṇࢆຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
5Cornford, 99 ff. “shrine”㸸ࡶࡋࠕ⚄ീࠖ㸦㸻ఝീ㸧࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠕỌ㐲࡞ࡿ⚄ࠎࠖࡀࠕ࢖ࢹ࢔ࠖ㸦」ᩘ㸧ࢆᣦࡍ࠿ࠊࠕไస⪅ࠖ㸦ᮏ᮶༢ᩘ㸧ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊไస⪅ࡣࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࢖ࢹ࢔ࡣࠗࢸ࢕࣐࢖࢜ࢫ࡛࠘⚄ࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࠕኳయࠖࢆᣦࡍࡣࡎ㸸“οὐράνιον θεῶν γένος”㸦ኳ✵ࡢ⚄ࠎࠊ
39E㸧, cf. Rep. 508, Epin. 983E. ࡔࡀࠊ┠࡟ぢ࠼ࡿᓫᣏᑐ㇟࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠕ⚄ീ࡛ࠖࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ
6ࠕỌ㐲ࡢࡶࡢࠖ㸦τὸ ἀίδιον㸧ࡣࠊ29a3, a5, 37c6, d1, e5, 40b5 ࡢ 6 ࢝ᡤ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
7Taylor, 187-188 ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣㄒࡾ᪉ࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ8 ࡘࡢᅇ㌿㐠ືࡢไస࡜᫬㛫ࡢไసࡣྠ୍㐣⛬ࡢ 2 ഃ㠃࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸㸦ࡘࡲࡾ 1 ẁ㝵㸧࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
8Mohr, 54, n.5 ࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆཧ↷ࠋ
9ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ⾲⌧ࡢ඾ᣐ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊMohr, 53, n.2, 54, n.3 ཧ↷ࠋ
10Cornford, 98 n.1 ࡣࠊືࡃఝീࢆࠕỌ㐲ⓗࠖ㸦αἰώνιον㸧࡜࿧ࡪࡇ࡜࡟␲ၥࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚ࠊ“ἀέναον εἰκόνα”࡜࠸࠺ㄞࡳࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Lg. 966E, “ἀέναον οὐσία”࡜ᑐᛂ㸧ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊOwen, 39 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ11ࣃ࣓ࣝࢽࢹࢫࡶࠕ࠶ࡿࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ␃ࡲࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄒࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠾ࡾ㸦B8.29, 30, 38㸧ࠊࡑࡢၥ㢟ᛶ
ࡣ Owen ࡽࡶᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ12
ࡇࡢⅬࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࣆࣗࢱࢦࣛࢫὴ࡟⏤᮶ࡋࠊ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ᫬㛫ㄽ࡟ཷࡅ⥅ࡀࢀࡿ㸸ࠕ๓࡜ᚋ࡟༶ࡋࡓ㐠ືࡢᩘࡀࠊ᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸦Phys. VI.11, 219b1-2㸧
ࠋ
13Mohr, 58.
14
Coxon, 207.
15
Guthrie, 302-305.
212