2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTThe 2006 ATPS Annual Report12006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

List of Abbreviations

ASARECA
ASEE
ATPS
AYFST
Bio-EARN
CIPIH
CNRA
CoET
CSIR
CTA
ECOWAS
FARA
FPEAK
GM
GMOs
HCDA
ICT
IFPRI
INTREPID
IPRs
ISAAA
ISEE
ISCP-EA
KARI
KATC
KEBS
KEPHISKFC
KICTANETKIF
KNUST
MAXFACTA
MDGs
MESHA
NABDA
NARO
NASRDA
NEPAD
NETWAS
NGOs
NIS
NITDA
OAU
PEAP
R&D
RMRDC

Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern andCentral Africa
African Society for Ecological Economics
African Technology Policy Studies Network
African Youth Forum for Science and Technology
the East African Regional Programme and Research Network for
Biotechnology, Biosafety and Biotechnology Policy Development
Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public
HealthCentre Nationale de Recherche Agronomique
College of Engineering and Technology
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
the Technical Center for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation
Economic Community of West African States
Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa
Fresh Produce Exporters’ Association
Genetically Modified
Genetically Modified Organisms
Horticultural Crops Development Association
Information Communication Technology
International Food Policy Research InstituteIntegrated Transboundary River Basin Management Policy Development
Intellectual Property Rights
International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications
International Society for Ecological Economics
Innovations Systems and Cluster Programme in East Africa
Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteKasisi Agricultural Training Centre
Kenya Bureau of Standards
Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service
Kenya Flower Council
Kenya ICT Action Network
Kenya ICT Federation
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Maximizing Facts on AIDS
Millennium Development Goals
Media for Environment, Science, Health and Agriculture
National Biotechnology Development Agency
National Agricultural Research Organization
National Space Research and Development Agency
New Partnership for Africa’s Development
Network of Water and Sanitation
Non-Government Organizations
National Systems of Innovation
National Information Technology Development Agency
Organization of African Unity
Poverty Eradication Action Plan
Research and Development
Raw Materials Research and Development Council

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTRU FORUM
SDC
SIDA
SMEs
STI
SSA
SSIP
STDev
SWOT
TEKEL
TEKES
UNAS
UNESCO
UNCST
UNCTAD
UNDP
UNICEF
W&E
WHO
WSP
YPARD

Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture
Swedish Agency for Development and Cooperation
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
Small and Medium Enterprises
Science Technology and Innovation
sub-Saharan Africa
Small Scale Independent Providers
Science and Technology for Development
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
Finnish Science Park Association
Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation
Uganda National Academy of Sciences
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Uganda National Council for Science and Technology
United Nations
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations International Children’s Educational Fund
Water and Environment
World Health Organization
Water and Sanitation Program
Young Professionals’ Platform for Agricultural Research3

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTThe Executive Director’s Message
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is lagging behind and is off target in meeting the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) by the set deadline of 2015.The sluggish achievement of thesegoals, however, is not due to lack of commitment, as most SSA countries have integrated the
MDGs into their national development frameworks. The tardiness, however, is due toinadequate capacity and poor institutional support systems within the continent.
The President of the African Academy of Sciences, Mohamed H. A. Hassan, in an editorial publishedin Science Magazine, the world's leading journal of original scientific research and global news,
stated that in the early 1960s and the early 1970s, science departments in many African
universities, including the University of Lagos in Nigeria, Dar-es-Salaam in Tanzania, Accra in
Ghana, and Khartoum in Sudan, were among the finest and regarded as beacons of progress inthe developing world. However, he explained that presently these departments face a myriad ofproblems such that they are unable to meet even minimal departmental responsibilities, asituation that has had a grave impact on Africa’s socio-economic development.
I have no doubt that we all appreciate the fundamental role science innovation and technology
can play, particularly through the National Systems of Innovation (NIS), in achieving theMillennium Development Goals (MDGs) and ultimately Africa’s socio-economic development.
The 2003 NEPAD Ministerial Conference on Science and Technology endorsed the role ofscience, technology and innovation (ST&I) for development by stressing that all Africancountries should introduce comprehensive national STI policies that emphasize NIS.
NIS is the technology and information flow crucial for the development and diffusion of newtechnologies within a nation and is facilitated by a network of intricate relationships amongst
actors in the system including enterprises, universities, policy makers and government research
institutions.
The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS), in line with its vision to act as aknowledge broker between the various actors in the S&T technology policy process, brings
together top academicians, policy makers, researchers and scientists in the continent todeliberate on the relevance and implications of the to Africa’s socio-economic development.
During meetings and conferences, the network members get the opportunity to exchange
knowledge and ideas while raising African perspectives on using innovation systems to attainnational and international development goals.
I trust that the ATPS Network can identify institutional knowledge and policy gaps that hinder
the efficiency of science and innovation policy in Africa and identify training needs for African
innovation actors to better apply S&T innovation systems to meet the MDGs. ATPS is wholly
committed to improving the quality of technology policy making in SSA and to strengthen theregion’s, institutional capacity for the management of technological development.
I urge you to apply science, innovation and technology (STI) accompanied by appropriate policy
to comfortably meet the MDGs and achieve economic growth.
Dr Osita Ogbu
Executive Director (ATPS)

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

Message from the Chairperson
Ladies and Gentlemen,Historians will remember this century for its commitment to a global partnership and a series oftime-bound targets, commonly known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) aimed at
improving the general socio-economic well being of humanity by 2015.
The goal is to achieve sustainable development in improved health, eradication of poverty andhunger, access to basic education and safe water, environment management, respect for humanrights and equitable trade for the world’s citizens.
However, in 2001, Nelson Mandela, the retired South African president asked a valid and candid
question. “Will the legacy of our generation be more than a series of broken promises?”
The UNDP/UNICEF Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Promises and progress Report(2002) attempted to review Africa’s progress in achieving the set MDGs and reported that
despite some success stories the continent’s record in achieving the MDGs was inadequate andhad little impact on the poor and disadvantaged people.
The report further indicates that 23 sub-Saharan countries are failing in achieving half or more of
the goals because little or no progress has been made in reversing the HIV/AIDs pandemic, andefforts have been slow for child mortality, basic education, malnutrition, improved water supply,
malnutrition, maternal mortality and gender discrimination in primary enrollment. The reportremains optimistic; however, even though the MDGs remain unfulfilled for Africa, they still
remain feasible, affordable and achievable.
The Global Poverty Report 2002 Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Africa:
Progress, Prospects, and Policy Implications additionally, states that while countries in Asia,
Eastern Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean are on course to fulfill many of the
MDGs, few African countries are likely to meet most these goals.
I am convinced that science technology and innovation (ST&I) accompanied by appropriate
policy has the potential to help African countries attain the MDGs and achieve sustainable
development.
According to a 2004 UNCTAD and STDev (Science and Technology for Development
Network) study, promoting the application of Science and Technology (S&T) to meet theMillenium Development Goals, the application of S&T building upon local knowledge, skills andmaterials, is central in facilitating the achievement of all MDGs in developing countries,
especially in such areas as combating poverty, improving the lives of women, and combating
diseases.
The study further found that academia, government and industry partnerships are essential inbuilding S&T capabilities and fostering market-oriented policies and that technology andbusiness incubators are effective mechanisms for promoting academia, government and industry
partnerships.
Unfortunately this is often easier said than done in Africa. African scientists have, in many fora,
accentuated the need for government support in terms of strengthening national science advisory
bodies and increasing investment and incentives for research and development (R&D). They

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have further called for stemming the brain drain of African scientists and increased publicawareness on the potential of S&T to help achieve MDGs.
The African Technology Policy Studies (ATPS) in line with its key mandate to improve thequality of science and technology policy making in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) works with adiverse pool of policy makers, scientists, researchers, academicians, during conferences andworkshops to debate and discuss the appropriate involvement of ST&I for Africa’s development
and particularly in attaining the MDGs.
I am aware that the national systems of innovation (NIS) play a key role in generating andutilizing new knowledge and technologies through its key pillars of networking, learning andcollaborations. I hope that ATPS will enlighten you on the need to join forces, pool resources
and work together in addressing Africa’s development. I also believe you will gain a better
understanding of the human and social systems that support sustainable governance of newtechnologies, S&T policies and innovation systems in Africa.
ATPS engages key stakeholders and relevant innovation system actors in an attempt to ascertain
research needs and priorities that will not only ensure targeted research but will also empowerstakeholders to shape research priorities to encourage ownership of the results and ensuresustainable implementation of policy recommendations with an overall aim of attaining the
MDGs. Moreover, the Network also identifies and prioritizes short and long term training andcapacity building needs as well as strategies to retain the highly skilled professionals in Africa.
ATPS strives to ensure that the members have a better understanding of the role of NIS inachieving the MDGs in Africa and the importance of African perspectives on using innovation
systems to attain national and international developmental goals. Moreover, it also fosters interregional and international partnerships in support of appropriate science, innovation andtechnology policy development for achieving the MDGs in Africa.
Nokia, the largest manufacturer of mobile phones in the world and a market leader in mobile
telephony and related communications, was initiated as research work on point-to-point
communications. The company that plays an integral role in the Finnish, currently commands a
global market share of approximately 36% as of September 2006 and was ranked as one of the
20 most admirable company worldwide in Fortune's list of 2006.
Few people appreciate that Nokia that has one of the highest number of patents in the world,
currently spends more than the Finnish government on research and development and employs
thousands of researchers .Nokia is one of the most visible examples of how a plannedinterrelation between research and development, science, innovation, and technology coupledwith proper policy can radically transform a nation’s economy. The possibilities for us in Africa
are endless with S&T at the center of our development agenda. We, as African scientists, canlearn from this.
History will judge us harshly if we leave a legacy of broken promises for the next generation. We
all recognize the potential of ST&I in achieving the MDGs. So let us put extra effort with proper
support to bridge the S&T gap and attain these goals. This is our process, let us rededicate ourskills, expertise and experience in our countries to leave a legacy where food insecurity, healthchallenges, poverty will be a distant memory for the current and future generation of Africans.
Prof Norah Olembo
Chair, ATPS Board

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

Research and Capacity Building
ATPS programmatic focus is motivated by its mission to support research in science andtechnology, building capacity for research and policy analysis, and dissemination. However, inthe current phase, the key concern of ATPS will be on closing the loop through generation of
new knowledge, outreach, knowledge brokerage, dissemination and advocacy in key thematic
areas. This concern is derived from both the evolution of Africa’s development challenges asarticulated in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the resolutions of World Summit on
Sustainable Development (2002), the NEPAD framework and the belief that bridging theknowledge and technological gap between Africa and the rest of the world is the key to Africa’s
global inclusion and prosperity.

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTA.

The 2006 ATPS Annual Conference and Workshop

The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) in conjunction with the Ministry of
Science and Technology in Mozambique and the country’s ICT Policy Commission held a threeday conference and workshop in Maputo on the theme “Science, Innovation, Technology andthe African Society: Implications for achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs).”
The conference and workshop focused on the following sub-themes:• National Systems of Innovation and its application and relevance to Africa’s socioeconomic development.
• S&T exclusion, social exclusion and learning capacities in support of innovation andgovernance of new technologies in Africa.
• Science, innovation and technology policy research priorities for Africa• S&T and innovation systems training and institutional capacity building needs for Africa.
The objectives of conference and workshop were:• To demonstrate to policy makers and other stakeholders the relevance of national
systems of innovation (NIS) approach to Africa’s development and how the approach
can be deployed to address self-determined development needs in the context of MDGs.
• To identify the institutional, knowledge and policy gaps that may constrain effectivenessof science, innovation and technology policies in Africa and how research and capacity
building programmes may be targeted to bridge these gaps in future.
• To identify training, institutional capacity building and research needs that can inform
how African innovation systems actors, institutions, policies, behaviors and linkages
might better apply science and technology (S&T) and innovation systems approach toaddress the MDGs at relevant levels: local, regional, national and international.
• To provide the opportunity for dialogue and knowledge sharing among African and nonAfrican innovation systems actors and stakeholders to negotiate and prioritize innovation
processes and systems action plans so as to effectively and efficiently use the expertiseand available resources for greater impact.
• To generate through stakeholder dialogue, a concept note for a three-year research
programme on the subject, exploring how best to strengthen learning capacity and social
responsiveness in Africa to deploy scientific knowledge, innovation systems andtechnology in African social contexts to achieve the MDGs.

At the conference and workshop, eighty six participants from the academia, policy makers,
relevant innovation system actors and selected stakeholders from 23 Africa countries deliberated
on how African countries can tap and adapt the existing science and technology policies andinnovation processes and systems to African social contexts for equitable and sustainable socialand economic development in the continent. It was expected that amongst other outputs, theworkshop would improve understanding of the status of science and technology policy
development and innovation processes and systems impacts on the continent as well as build andstrengthen the necessary skills, learning capacities of innovation systems actors and institutions
and social responsiveness to addressing the continent’s development challenges in the context of
the MDGs.
The conference and workshop comprised plenary presentation of papers commissioned fromprofessionals and resource persons in various fields of expertise from Africa and outside. There8

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

were participatory stakeholder dialogue to distill new knowledge gained from the presentations
and research issues, needs and priorities requiring attention for improved understanding andcapacity of innovation systems actors, science and technology (S&T) policy development, andimpacts analyses; and plenary sessions to synthesize and prioritize emerging research and policy
issues and ways that ATPS (and other relevant organizations as well as development partners)
might contribute to the advancement of social, institutional and legal mechanisms for sustainable
governance of new technologies in Africa. The diversity of stakeholders and professionals
targeted was expected to bring and bear the different experiences and approaches that should
result in richer and more inclusive innovation policy dialogue to develop more focused research
programmes and time-bound and achievable action plans.
The conference and workshop was designed to lead to better understanding of the role of NIS inachieving the MDGs in Africa and African perspectives on using innovation systems to attainboth national and international development goals. The specific outputs of the workshop were:• Improved awareness and understanding of the concepts of National Systems of
Innovation and their application and relevance to Africa’s development by workshop
participants.
• Better understanding of innovation systems actors, their roles and interdependencies andthe barriers and gaps in Africa’s innovation systems with respect to learning capabilities
and inter-linkages.
• Identification and prioritization of knowledge and research gaps, training and capacity
building needs for tailoring Africa’s science, innovation and technology policies toachieve the MDGs.
• Identification of modalities and strategies for inter-regional and international
collaboration to complement national, regional and international initiatives andprogrammes.
• A concept note for a full proposal on science, innovation, technology and society (SITS)
in Africa to be produced in liaison with key stakeholders, policy makers, development
partners and international experts.
This conference and workshop came at a time when reviews had shown that most of the Africancountries were unlikely to meet the MDGs and other international development targets. The
development gap, between the developing and the developed countries, has been associated to alarge extent with the scientific and technological capacities. This science, technology andinnovation gap between the developed and developing countries as well as the S&T exclusion in
the poorer regions in Africa was seen as likely to continue widening if innovative S&T policy
interventions which match Africa’s unique social realities are not developed and implementedsoon.

B. The ATPS Programme on Strengthening Health Technology Policy inAfricaIntroduction
The ATPS Programme on Strengthening Health Technology Policy in Africa focuses on key
knowledge and technology issues that lead to the improvement of the health delivery systems inselected African countries. The overall objective of the programme is to contribute to the92006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

improved healthcare delivery and access in Africa by improving the quality of science andtechnology (S&T) policy by generating and disseminating relevant knowledge.
The purpose of the programme is to generate, disseminate and promote the use of relevant
knowledge that will enhance the efficient management and use of various health technologies
and frameworks. The aim is to contribute to increasing knowledge on the acquisition and use oftechnologies for the efficient management of healthcare systems, improve global and national
policy environments, and empower grassroots and other levels by increasing knowledge andbenefits of health technologies for improved health.
More specifically, the programme hopes to strengthen policies for healthcare technology
management and assessment, and national AIDS coordinating institutions; reduce the incidenceof HIV/AIDS through information communication technology (ICTs) and HIV-related
technologies; and to enhance the use of pyrethrum and indigenous plants for managing malaria.
The Programme on Strengthening Health Technology Policy in Africa was launched in 2005
when ATPS and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development’s (NEPAD) S&T secretariat,
held a five-day conference and workshop on 28 November – 2 December 2005 in Mombasa,
Kenya. The main aim of the conference was to deliberate on how African countries can tap theexisting science and technology potential and build the necessary skills, competence andexpertise to address the ever increasing disease burden and other related health challenges in thecontinent. The conference, organised under the theme, Science and Technology and Health Innovation
Systems in Africa, brought together over 80 participants representing various stakeholder
groupings from at least 21 African countries.
The conference was organized around specific themes identified in the NEPAD health strategy,
the ATPS health programme, the themes of the WHO Commission on Intellectual Property
Rights, Innovation and Public Health (CIPIH) as well as other regional and international
initiatives in Africa. The specific themes addressed the following issues:
•
•
•
•
•

National Systems of Innovation and its Applications to Health Systems in Africa
Health Science, Innovation and Technology Policy Research Priorities for Africa
Brain Drain, Training and Institutional Capacity Building Needs
National, Regional and International Programmes and Initiatives: Harmonization, Linkages
and Collaborations
Cultural Norms, Empowerment and Behavioural Change in the Fight against HIV/AIDS
and other Communicable Diseases

National Systems of Innovation and its Applications to Health Systems in Africa
The National Systems of Innovation (NIS) is a relatively new approach to analyzing therelationships between S&T and development. It is a deviation from the linear (pipeline) model
which assumes this relationship to be a linear process from basic research, to applied research,
design, development then production. The NIS is more systemic and lays emphasis on theprocess by which enterprises, in interaction with each other, and supported by institutions (set ofrules, policies and laws that define behaviour) and organizations (industry associations, R&D
institutes, innovation and productivity centers, regulators etc) play a key role in the generation
and utilization of new knowledge and technologies. It is important to note that institutions in10

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

this context refer to the habits and practices of organizations that shape their propensity tointeract, learn, access and share knowledge and take risks. These habits and practices in turnshape the tendency to be sensitive to the agendas of stakeholders.
The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) made a call for proposals under its
programme on “Strengthening Health Technology Policies in Africa”. The proposals, under thetheme: Science, Technology and Health Innovation Systems in Africa were geared towards
generating knowledge and insights that would be useful in strengthening policies for healthcaretechnology assessment and management. The programme is premised on the fact that effective
health technology management and assessment plays an essential role in modern health care bysupporting effective decision making in health care policy and practice.
Programme objectives:
Broadly defined, healthcare technology assessment studies encompass the medical, social, ethicaland economic implications of development, diffusion, and the use of health technology. As such,the studies envisioned under this programme should define the following broad objectives:• To map the health innovation systems by identifying key actors, their interactions andsystems boundaries.
• To explain the performance of interventions, initiatives or projects in terms ofinnovation capacity, i.e. in terms of the effectiveness of the innovation system in which
initiatives are situated.
• To identify systems failures that constrains innovation capacity.
• To develop practical options to strengthen the innovation system in which initiatives are
situated.
Process Principles:
The following broad principles guided the studies under this programme:
•
•
•
•
•

Based on sound theoretical principles and concepts of systems of innovation (SI).
Cross-country studies will be based on ‘comparative institutional analysis’ studies.
Based on sound framework that is flexible to accommodate diverse contexts anddifferent historical times.
Study will be policy-relevant
Study will be based on multidisciplinary approach and principles

Structure and Composition of Country Research Teams:
In line with the multi-disciplinary requirement, it was recommended that each country establish atask team comprising the following:•

The research co-coordinating component: this should comprise a minimum of two
researchers from different disciplines and will be in charge of coordinating the proposed
research activities. The composition should allow for the necessary skills and expertise
required to conduct the study.

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT•The policy contact component: this group should be composed as to permit access to therelevant policy organs in the country and should be responsible for mobilizing the
support and participation of the policymakers in the study. Their roles and terms ofreference should be clearly spelt out at the outset.

•

The ATPS National Coordinators will ensure that researchers are adequately briefed on
the focus of ATPS.

Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Lesotho, Swaziland and South Africa
teams will be participating.

C. The ATPS Programme on Water and Environment
Introduction
The ATPS Programme on Water and Environment is designed to utilize ATPS’ areas ofexpertise including knowledge exchange, knowledge brokerage and advocacy. The programmeemphasizes knowledge sharing at various levels primarily through:••Joint research, training activities and deliberative workshops between African researchers,
relevant government institutions and responsible water management authorities andinternational researchers/institutions involved in sustainable water catchments
management..
Stakeholder and public participation events to share existing and new knowledge among
researchers, government agencies and the public to encourage ownership of technology
policies that result from the research and participatory exercises.

The main objective of the programme is to enhance the generation, use and communication ofknowledge in driving environmentally sustainable use of water resources in Africa. Pursuant to
the main objective, ATPS brokers and enhances the use of knowledge from partners within andoutside Africa in meeting Africa’s and NEPAD goals, and Millennium Development Goal 7 toattain environmental sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
The specific objectives are:• to improve water management and conservation for poverty reduction• to enhance the capability of the water and sanitation governance and delivery institutions
in meeting their service delivery objectives in selected key countries• to induce attitudinal and behavioral changes with respect to sustainable water andenvironmental management at various levels• to harmonize national and regional water acts and environmental acts/policies to avert
potential cross-border conflict• to enhance knowledge exchange and collaboration between the different water
stakeholders’ in Africa• to generate new knowledge and build capacity for efficient water management122006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT(a) Programme on Water and Environment – Progress workshops for: Baseline studies
on sustainable water catchments management, July 2006
As a follow up to the baseline studies that began in 2005, two regional progress workshops were
held in July 2006. The first was held in Nairobi on the 14 – 15 July for country teams in Kenya
and Ethiopia. A second was held in Abuja on 19 – 22 July, 2006 for country teams from Nigeria,
Cameroon and Ghana. The research teams have made good progress and the study is likely to
be completed in 2007.
(b) Programme on Water & Environment – Small grants, April 2005 – October 2006
Eight of the nine small grants issued in 2004 after the Addis Ababa workshop are now completewith the final reports of these papers being presented at the 2006 conference and workshop.
Three abstracts from the small grants process were accepted for presentation at the International
Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE) Conference which was held in New Delhi from 15
December 2006. In addition, the grantees won sponsorship to this conference through the
African Society for Ecological Economics (ASEE).
The eight awarded research grants were: Assessment of Rural Water Supply and Management in Selected Rural Areas of Oyo State,
Nigeria byA.S. Gbadegesin, Nigeria
 Stratégie de Gestion Durable des Zones Humides aux Niveaux Local et Communal Dansle Department du Zou, Bénin pour le Mieux être des Riverains et la Conservation de la
Biodiversité by Roch Mongbo, Benin Reducing Pollution in Lesotho by Deepa Pullanikkatil-Sajith, Lesotho Ability and Willingness to Adopt Ecological Sanitation as a Water and Environmental
Conservation Technology: The case for peri-urban communities of Kampala, Uganda byJames Kakooza and Dave Khayangayanga, Uganda Developpement d’un Procede de zone Humide Simulee Plante avec Amaranthaceae,
Capparidaceae, Tiliacée pour le Traitement des eaux domestiques, Cote d’Ivoire by Lacina
Coulibaly, Cote d’Ivore
 Distribution and Bio-availability Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments from Lake
Naivasha, Kenya by M.C. Moturi and Francis Polong, Kenya
 Small-scale Rainwater Harvesting for Combating Water Deprivation in Peri-urban Area of
Lilongwe by Henry Raphael Mloza-Banda, Malawi
 Policy Gaps Analysis: The case of community water and sanitation in Ghana by Rose
Entsua-Mensah and Charlotte Engmann, Ghana(c) Programme on Water & Environment – Regional studies on existing water
initiatives, August 2006 – May 2007
Three regional studies have been commissioned to review the existing water initiatives for S&T
content: learning, innovation, relevance of technology and skills transfer; poverty reduction; foodsecurity; and the attainment of MDG goal 7 and use this as a basis to advocate change and share
best practices. These studies are designed to cover the ECOWAS, Great Lakes and Horn ofAfrica, and the SADC regions.
The research teams were selected from different countries to encourage interregional knowledge
sharing and exchange of country experiences in water policy-making, implementation andmanagement. The expected outcome of the review studies is a web-hosted interactive database13

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

resource with a comprehensive synthesis of national and regional Water Acts and environmental
policies in the continent to encourage interregional knowledge sharing for internal / interregional
harmonisation of W & E policies in Africa. This web-hosted interactive database resource will behosted and managed by ATPS. The regional analyses of the interrelationships / linkages amongst
the existing water and environment acts, initiatives, policies and programmes with respect totheir S & T content, relevance to poverty reduction and food security in the continent andrecommendations on how to encourage good practice will also be published in the ATPS special
paper series and as policy briefs.
(d) Programme on Water & Environment – ATPS/NETWAS/SDC Water & Sanitation
Workshop, September 2006
Africa’s population particularly in urban areas is rapidly increasing, with majority of these
populations living in low income informal settlements characterized by poverty, lack of privacy,
and inadequate water supply. Access to improved water supply and sanitation in urban
settlements is critical to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals of reducing
absolute poverty by half in developing countries.
In line with the objectives of its Water and Environment programme, the African Technology Policy
Studies (ATPS) in collaboration with the Network of Water and Sanitation (NETWAS), theWater and Sanitation Program of the World Bank (WSP) and the Swiss Agency for Development
and Cooperation organized the 18th Regional Water and Sanitation Seminar at the Plaza Beach Hotelin Mombasa, Kenya in September, 2006.
The four-day Seminar, which was held under the theme, Water and Sanitation in Urban Africa:
Emerging Approaches for Reaching the Un-served Poor, brought together 50 water and sanitation
experts from Ethiopia, India, Lesotho, Malawi, Uganda, USA, UK, and South Africa to shareexperiences, emerging trends and ideas on providing safe water and sanitation to the urban poor
in Africa. The seminar was also attended by high ranking officials including Ines Islamshah, theCountry Representative of the Swedish Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC),
Francis Mugo, the Managing Director of Nairobi Water and Sewerage Company, Prof Norah
Olembo, ATPS Board Chair, and Eng Mwasina, the Chief Executive Officer, Coast Water
Services Board.
The workshop aimed to evaluate the challenges facing water delivery and sanitation services in
low income urban communities and to innovate pro-poor strategies, policies and practices thatwill lead to improved water and sanitation services
The Assistant Minister for Water and Irrigation, Hon. Major Rtd. Aden Sugow, officially opened
the meeting and stated that there was a strong spatial link between water provision and poverty
that had been propelled by rural urban migration.
“The problems in the informal settlement – what we are trying to address – are only symptoms.
The real culprit is the rural-urban migration. Lack of the basic services in the rural areas is thecause of most problems in African cities. Water is the single most important commodity fortackling rural poverty. It supports all types of livelihoods. If we provide adequate water in therural areas we shall indirect solve several problems in the cities,” said Major Rt. Hon. Aden A.
Sugow, Ass. Minister for Water and Irrigation, Kenya

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTThe Minister declared that 60% of the population in Nairobi lived in unplanned informal
settlements that were regarded as an eye sore by the middle and upper socio-economic classes
and were often entirely disregarded in the programmes and budgets of national and local
authorities.
Hon Sugow pointed out that the urban settlements were often located in illegal land tenurescontravening official laws and were characterized by poor non-functional/non-existent water
infrastructure with no public rights of ways to allow water pipes to be laid. He additionally said
that Kenya alone had over two hundred urban centers, of which only 30 had sewerage systems,
which were often built on city peripheries or located on hazardous site, such as valleys, flood
plains, river banks therefore presenting engineering difficulties for infrastructure provision
Hon Sugow explained that these issues often posed a challenge for newly established water
services boards as supplying the urban poor with water and sewerage services involved high unit
costs coupled with the limited capacity of the population to pay for the water that consequently
left a gap between costs and potential cost-recovery.
The Minister, however, expressed that the Kenyan government was very sensitive to water andsanitation service delivery leading to the enactment of the Water Act 2002 that had led to theestablishment of water service providers with a special mandate to address the plight of theurban poor in cooperation with the local community. The most exemplary being a project by the
Nairobi water and sewerage company that had started the Mukuru slums water supply programthat had taken water right into the sprawling Mukuru Slums in Nairobi.
ATPS Chair of the Board, Prof. Norah Olembo, stated that inaccessibility to safe water andadequate sanitation is at the core of Africa’s development challenges.
“I am aware that several bilateral partners are working with the governments around thecontinent to raise the quality of urban water services so they are attractive investments forprivate sector takeovers and therefore increase water efficiency and delivery at a reasonable costto the public, Prof. Olembo said.
In his opening remarks, NETWAS Executive Director, Engineer Samuel Wambua said that ruralurban migration had resulted into poverty and unemployment and stressed water and sanitation
services presenting a looming disaster in many in urban centers“This is a crisis in the making, a time bomb and we as professionals in whatever sector we workin must now respond with suitable, sustainable and participatory initiatives” Engineer Wambua
said.
Francis Mugo, The Managing Director of the Nairobi Water and Sewerage Company alsostressed that one of his company’s priority was to improve access of water to poor and low
income earners who make nearly two-thirds of water consumers in Nairobi. He said that thecompany had embarked on pro-poor water supply initiatives to Mukuru kwa Njenga and Maili
Saba informal settlements with support from the World Bank.
During the deliberations, the participants highlighted issues affecting the un-served poor at local,
national, regional and international levels, and attempted to provide practical tools, strategies
and ideas for improving access to adequate water and safe sanitation for the poor while keeping
in mind the efficiency, appropriateness and sustainability of the systems. Participants at theseminar, further recognized that provision of service to urban poor must be guided by the15

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

principles of Partnership, Ownership and participation, Innovative Technologies andapproaches, Enabling policy environment, Improved service delivery and poverty reduction andSustainability which formed the main discussion themes at the meeting.
Participants discussed the bottlenecks affecting water service delivery to the urban poor in theirrespective countries and insisted that pro-poor policy and principles must guide the reform
process. Participants at the seminar further observed that urban informal settlements are apermanent feature in Africa’s urban landscape that are unlikely to be abolished in the foreseeable
future and that poverty alleviation in line with MDGs and PRSP is unlikely to be achieved if theurban poor are ignored. Additionally, the seminar participants saw that the urban poor are
exposed to health hazards due to poor water and sanitation despite the fact that they pay higher
water charges than the richer citizen. From the presentations, participants saw that the urban
informal settlements were often left out of overall development plans and that small Scale
Independent Providers who are often ignored by policy makers and professionals, played asignificant role in provision of water services in urban informal settlements.
ATPS sponsored its water experts and researchers from the national chapters under the waterand environment program to share their findings and experiences with the seminar participants.
The presentations included: Water and Sanitation Services for Urban Poor in Addis Ababa by Bahiru Geneti, from theAddis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority, Ethiopia
 Water Pollution by Industries in Lesotho by Deepa Pullanikkatil, Lesotho Service Delivery to the Urban Poor: Challenges and Good Practices of Public Tap
Management and Operation in the City of Addis Ababa by Tekalyn Tsige, UN-Habitat,
Ethiopia
 Grassroots Partnerships for Rainwater Harvesting in Peri-Urban Areas of Lilongwe City,
Malawi by H.R Mloza Banda from the University of Malawi, Bunda College of Agriculture Ecological Sanitation as a Water and Environmental Conservation Technology Option:
The Case of Slum Communities in Kampala by James Kakooza (Research Associate MISR)
One of the key outcomes of the meeting was the realization that informal urban settlement arelikely to become permanent feature of Africa’s urban landscape therefore creating urgent needfor policy makers, professional and development partners to cooperate in improving access tosafe water and environmental sanitation services for the urban poor. The participants urged thegovernment to address the root cause of rural poverty in order to mitigate rural urban migrationand to additionally enforce physical planning statutes to curb the mushrooming of informal
settlements.
The Seminar recommended for research and promotion of appropriate management models andtechnologies that address acceptability, affordability and sustainability to increase access to waterand sanitation for the urban poor and acknowledged the role of Small Scale Independent
Providers (SSIPs) in providing water fro the urban poor. The Seminar further recommended
central government budgetary allocations for the urban poor, capacity building for communities
and SSIP working in the informal settlements, formation of partnerships between informal
settlement communities with government, donors and civil society organizations(e) Programme on Water & Environment – Follow-up Initiatives
The Water and Environment Programme has begun to forge new links with the Macaulay
Institute in Scotland. As a result of this partnership, a one-year scoping study: Integrated Transboundary River Basin Management Policy Development (INTREPID) is in the final stages of contract

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negotiation with the European Union (Framework V1 programme). The project focuses on the
Mara River basin and is designed to lead to a full proposal to be submitted to the EC
Commission services under the Framework VII TWIN Africa programme. Initial preparation for
the TWIN Africa programme is ongoing.

D. Programme on Biotechnology Policy Dialogue in Africa
Introduction
The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) initiated a project on biotechnology in
sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) to support the regional NEPAD-IFPRI African Policy Dialogues on
Biotechnology and also guide nations in developing biotechnology and biosafety guidelines.
Launched in October 2004, the programme has focused on knowledge generation, dissemination
and brokerage, and emphasizes transparency, consensus building and inclusive participation of
all key stakeholders.
The programme comprised four major components that complemented and re–enforced eachother. These are research, training, policy dialogues and policy drafting. The objectives of thepilot programme were:• To improve information and exchange and dialogue on biotechnology and biosafety inand among African countries• To facilitate the development of guidelines and discussion documents on biosafety andintellectual property rights• To train policy makers and create the social capital necessary for African countries tobenefit from biotechnology
The programme’s initial activities included national and regional dialogues and knowledge
exchange sessions in different African countries. There have also been policy interventions to
support discussions of the on-going efforts in Africa to craft biotechnology policies, biosafety
laws and other regulatory instruments.
On 7 to 11 March 2005, ATPS collaborated with the ATPS Sierra Leone Chapter, the TechnicalCenter for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation (CTA), Netherlands, the Science and Technology
Council of the Ministry of education, Science and Technology, Sierra Leone, and the WorldBank organized a one-week training and sensitization workshop in Freetown to discuss strategies
of integrating science, technology and innovation into the planning, development andreconstruction of post-war Sierra Leone. The overall objective of the sensitization workshop
was to create a foundation for sustainable development by harnessing relevant science andtechnology (S&T) issues in promoting S&T-led development in the transition from war to peace.
The key outputs included formation of a task force to steer the development of biotechnology
policy in Sierra Leone; and a science journalists association to inform the debate on the potential
role of biotechnology and other emerging technologies in developing the country.
ATPS and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Mozambique, conducted a three-day regional
workshop on Biosafety and Intellectual Property Rights in Africa, in Maputo, Mozambique, from31 October to 2 November. Among the participants were high-ranking government officials,
academicians, researchers, policymakers, farmers, the media, consumer groups and otherstakeholders in the biotechnology industry from Southern Africa. The participants identified and17

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

prioritized key issues that should be addressed by biosafety laws and policies that are informative stages in most countries. They also identified and prioritized capacity building needs infor African stakeholders and institutions.
A summary of some of the national and regional dialogues on biotechnology and policy
intervention efforts in 2006 are documented below.

a. Dialogue on Biotechnology, Trade and Sustainable Development in Eastern
Africa, Jinja, Uganda, February 2006
The Eastern African Dialogue on Biotechnology Policy-making, Trade and Sustainable Development, heldfrom 14-17 February 2006 in Jinja, Uganda, brought together a wide range of stakeholders –including from government, intergovernmental organisations, civil society groups, academia,
industry and the media – from the Eastern African region1 to deliberate on the formulation ofcoherent, informed and inclusive policies on trade, biotechnology and sustainable development
at the national, regional and multilateral levels.
Countries in the Eastern African region are still in the process of formulating their national
policies and strategies related to biotechnology and translating them into national and regional
approaches and multilateral negotiating positions. The need to respond and adapt to theinternational developments – including a myriad of trade interests, obligations and pressures –threatens to dominate national agendas. This raises the urgent need for understanding andasserting the space for domestic policy-making in biotechnology supportive of the countries'
self-defined sustainable development objectives.
Formulating Public Policy Objectives related to Biotechnology
Recommendations addressed to governments
African governments should be more proactive in analyzing and identifying their short, medium
and long term needs, policy gaps and priorities. These priorities should ideally be developed withthe participation of relevant actors in the public and the private sectors. Countries' policies andstrategies for biotechnology development should be based on clearly identified public policy
objectives that are specific and formulated through participatory processes. These could include:
•
•
•
•
•

Ensuring food security, including access to safe and sufficient food
Increase agricultural productivity, rural development and poverty alleviation
Promote economic growth through diversification in to high-value products andtechnological development
Promoting public health and food safety
Conserve, sustainably use and equitably share the benefits of biodiversity

Making Sure Biotechnology Enhances Public Policy Objectives
Recommendations addressed to governments
Achieving these objectives will entail addressing and integrating a range of policy areas andinstruments in order to develop a coherent biotechnology policy framework. Some areas andinstruments to be addressed include:

1

Including from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Eritrea, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT•

Science and technology development and mechanisms to identify and acquire strategic
technologies•

Capacity building: establish technology targets to promote national capabilities, focusing on
key industries (incl. infrastructure, institutional, human resources);•

Biosafety and quality standards•

Consumer protection and safety•

Agriculture, Environment and natural resources•

Trade, value addition and economic growth•

Private sector input on policy formulation•

Intellectual property rights: improve capabilities to mitigate the potential negative effects ofstronger ownership rights on intellectual property•

Education/multidisciplinary human capital•

Information and communication•

Finance and resource mobilization

Recommendations addressed to national and regional actors
Action on these policy instruments will be required at both the national and regional levels. At
the national level, countries could focus on:•

Mechanisms for labeling to facilitate consumer choice (incl. enforcement)•

An enabling policy environment for biotech development•

Inter-institutional / ministerial collaboration•

Raising public awareness•

Regulatory, human resources, institutional and infrastructure development•

Fostering partnerships (public-private, private-private)•

Providing sufficient funding for research and access to the technology

At the regional level, partnerships, such as NEPAD, and regional economic agreements should beconsidered as a means to achieving developmental goals. Commercial considerations should bebalanced by social, environmental and cultural objectives. National governments and regional
institutions should:•

Harmonize national policies and strategies for a regional agenda (incl. to facilitate trade)•

Develop joint negotiating positions by providing a common forum to formulate strategy,
articulate and prioritize issues•

Set up a process of consultations to promote coherent interaction between the national
regional actors to develop and promote:o Joint research and development activities
o Joint standard-settingo Joint risk assessmentso Joint monitoring of impacts and benefitso A regional biosafety clearing house19

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

Ensuring Public Participation and AwarenessSuccessful implementation of domestic, regional and international policies and regulations can only
be achieved through integration, coordination and cooperation among all stakeholders. This will
involve raising awareness of the risks and benefits of biotechnology and promoting official national
multi-stakeholder consultation processes that include networks of farmers associations and civilsociety groups. All parties concerned with science and technology – industrial leaders andresearchers, academia, financial institutions and the government – should also be engaged todetermine, over a period, the technological course and needs for their country.
Recommendations addressed to governments•

There is a need to strengthen dialogue among all national actors in the preparation ofnational public policy objectives and biotechnology policies•

Governments should involve local grassroots groups in reaching out to farming communities
by creating broad awareness-raising programmes using mass media that target rural areas•

To ensure informed participation by the public, governments should articulate inunderstandable language the uses, benefits and underlying impacts of biotechnology andimprove information dissemination to all stakeholders

Policy Coherence in Biotechnology
To support technology upgrading in Eastern African countries, governments must put in place
institutional mechanisms for comprehensively evaluating and setting science and technology
priorities and making sure responsibility for relevant policies is coordinated between ministries
and institutions.
Building coherence with trade policy
National and regional biotechnology policies will need to be integrated with trade obligations (egWTO rules) and trade interests. Some concerns and issues include:•

WTO rules do not necessarily reflect national trade interest due to limited capacities indeveloping counties to formulate and promote national negotiating positions•

WTO rules place the onus of justifying biosafety measures on the importer (in the absence ofinternational standard); developing countries often lack capacity to do that•

Dumping of GM food aid can displace local producers•

Biotech standards in export markets can constitute trade barriers and hinder market access•

Inadequate intellectual property systems can foster the misappropriation of genetic resources
and traditional knowledge, and hinder the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising fromtheir use

Recommendations addressed to governments•

Enshrine policy coherence between the different areas of policy to take into accountbiotechnology development and applications•

Entrust one body with analysing technology needs monitoring implementation at thebroad economic level of S&T strategies•

Harmonise governments' financial support and align it with nationally or regionallydefined public policy goals•

Devise a mechanism to promote coherent interaction between the national, regional andmultilateral policies and trade regimes

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Financial Resources and Funding for Biotechnology
Recommendations addressed to governments and financial institutions
One of the main constraints affecting the implementation of effective biotech regulations andthe development of biotechnology has been inadequate funding. Governments should review
and adapt laws and commercial regulations to enhance funding for biotechnology policy-making
and development by:•

A commitment to dedicate a fixed percentage of government budgets to biotechnology. This
could be a Biotechnology Fund to co-finance research and development by industry•

Offering special credit lines for biotechnology and providing both financial and non-financial
services by entering into partnerships that enhance commercialization including throughventure capital initiatives•

Providing incentives and encouraging banks to report on the composition of their loan
portfolios dedicated to biotechnology

Technical Assistance and Capacity Building
Capacity building policies and programmes should be reviewed so as to make them work insupport of public policy objectives through biotechnology development as an integral part ofnational and regional biotechnology policies. There is a need for an agreement on a common
underlying vision for capacity building to provide sustainable capacity support for specific needsof the productive sector at various levels. Assessing local technological competence (SWOT
analysis) to overcome weaknesses would serve a valuable function in raising awareness andbuilding consensus.
Recommendations addressed to governments, regional actors and international institutions
Build capacity to ensure adequate human and institutional capacities for biotechnology
development and mainstream biotechnology policy by:•Strengthening linkages and understanding between the scientific and policy-making
communities•

Enhancing capacities needed to articulate and assess policy choices and options related tobiotechnology•

Developing and putting in place a system to address issues related to liability and redress•

Taking an integrated approach to biotech-related capacity building by engaging a broad
range of actors, including scientists, policy-makers, economists, regulators, agricultural
producers, industry and the media•

Providing adequate laboratory capacity and high quality personnel with necessary skills
needed to effectively exploit the opportunities offered by the biotechnology, including bybuilding regional and sub-regional testing and certification facilities•

Fostering close interaction between education and industry for assessing andcommunicating evolving needs is a basic feature of human capital development•

Focusing capacity building strategies towards long-term education programmes throughuniversities and strategically selected on-the-job training to build a critical mass oftechnological expertise•

Develop a critical mass of experts at all levels through organized long-term theoreticaland practical training both formal and informal•

Ensuring that Research & Development meets international standards and quality;

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTb.

•Providing analytical input into policy-making, inter alia on the risks and benefits ofbiotechnology, esp. in Africa; environmental impacts in different ecosystems; impacts on
trade; market opportunities; and market entry and market access barriers•

Developing capacity on intellectual property rights issues and its institutionalization

Regional Assessment on Biotechnology, Trade and Sustainable
Development in Eastern Africa, April – July 2006

Building on the priorities and key issues identified in the Eastern Africa Regional Dialogue on
Biotechnology, the following case studies were commissioned:• Status of biotechnology policy-making, regulations and development in Eastern Africa, by
Dr. Charles Mugoya, ASARECA• Developing integrated science and technology policies in Eastern Africa, by Dr. Zerubabel
Nyiira, NEPAD regional representative East Africa• Poverty alleviation through agricultural development: A role for biotechnology?, by Dr.
Joseph Wekundah, Biotechnology Trust Africa• Food security, agrobiodiversity and biotech R&D: Implications of intellectual property
rights, by Prof. Moni Wekesa, Kenyatta University• Capacity building for biotechnology and trade: Status and needs, Dr. John Bananuka, BioEARN• Public and media awareness and participation in biotechnology policy-making in Eastern
African countries, by Henry Kimera, Consumer Education Trust and Duncan Mboya, Biosafety
News• Labelling and traceability: Constraints and opportunities in Eastern Africa, by Samuel
Ochieng, Consumer Information Network• Standard-setting on biotechnology and trade in the Eastern African region, by Dr. Francis
Nang’ayo, African Agricultural Technology Foundation• Implications of GMOs on market access and imports in Eastern Africa, by David Wafula,
ACTS–Rabesa Initiative• Risk management and liability under the Cartagena Protocol – Priorities for Eastern
Africa by Dr. David Hafashimana, Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment, Uganda•

Programme on Biotechnology Policy Dialogue in Africa – Dialogue on
Biotechnology, Health and IPRs in Africa, Dakar, March 2006

ATPS collaborated with the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech
Applications (ISAAA) and NEPAD to host a workshop on Biotechnology, Health and IPRs on
14–16 March in Dakar, Senegal. The workshop provided a forum for African scientists, policy
makers, civil society, private sector players and researchers to objectively debate the issues andvoice their concerns on the potential of modern biotechnology to solve Africa’s problems.
Participants came from Senegal, Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, Benin, Burkina Faso and Cameroon.
The participants deliberated on the potential of biotechnology to solve Africa’s problems, andmore specifically health and were provided with a forum for knowledge exchange between
African experts/resource persons and the participants on the threats and promises of modern

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

biotechnology. At the end of the workshop, it was decided that each chapter represented would
hold a national dialogue with a diverse group of local stakeholders with a view to discussing thedebate and eliciting their concerns.

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Popularization and Outreach
The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) has initiated deliberate steps to makethe transition from being a network that generates academic papers (little or no policy relevanceand impact) to one whose research operations and focus are to improve public policies. In thisregard, a number of specific activities have been initiated or are being proposed to link research
to policy making.
In the area of improving the policy environment, ATPS publishes a set of research output series
that define components of research portfolio. These publications include Technology Policy
Briefs, Research Paper Series, Working Paper Series, Annual Reports, ATPS Newsletters, among
others. This strategy to maximise programme impact is based on versioning, so critical in theinformation age, where a great deal of information can impair attention spans. Therefore ATPS
provides value to the policy environment by generating, filtering and communicating targeted
information to policy makers and other relevant audiences. Reports on dissemination of
publications and other advocacy activities are discussed in this section.

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT(a) African Scientific Revival Day, Accra, Ghana June 2006
The ATPS Secretariat collaborated with the Ghana Chapter to mark this important day
declared by the OAU/AU in 1987 to remind all the stakeholders on the importance of
science in Africa’s economic and social transformation. The event that featured a lecture on
Biotechnology: Hope or Disaster for Africa by Dr Yaa Difie Osei was held at the La Palm Beach
Hotel, Accra, Ghana on 30th June 2006.
The aim of holding this lecture was to focus Ghana and Africa on the real issues in Scienceand Technology. The chapter had targeted the policy makers to enable them have an
influence during the policy making process.
Prof Aboagye Menyeh, Provost of the College of Science, KNUST gave the keynote address
while the guest of honour was Prof E. Owusu Bennoah the Director-General of CSIR. In his
speech, the Director General said that marking this day was a reminder to all Africancountries of the importance of Science and Technology in our development process. He said
that observing the African Renaissance Day was making a statement that the African
continent has had a history and tradition of Science and Technology. The word "renaissance"or "revival" simply means that there has been at one time or the other a SCIENTIFICAFRICA, which needs to come alive again.
The ATPS-Ghana Chapter has been at the forefront of the attempts to stimulate a morescience and technology-friendly environment in the country. Apart from organizing lectures
on science advocacy the members have also been pushing for Ghana to move towards
science, technology and innovation.
The Technology Policy Brief: Nanotechnology: The developments and implications
for Africa
Summary
Science has now advanced to the point that those on the cutting edge of research work withindividual molecules. This is the defining characteristic of the new metafield of
nanotechnology, which encompasses a broad range of both academic research and industrial
development. At this small scale, the familiar classical physics guidepost of magnetism andelectricity are no longer dominant; the interactions of individual atoms and molecules takeover (Foster, 2005). At this level the applicable laws of physics as Newtonian mechanics
gives way to quantum mechanics.
Nanotechnology hold the promise of advances that exceed those achieved in recent decades
in computers and biotechnology. It applications will have dramatic infrastructural impacts,
such as building cancerous tumours still invisible to the human eye, or generating vast
amount of energy from highly efficient solar cells.
Nanotechnology offers tremendous potential for several key reasons. Materials and processes
at that size have unique properties not seen at larger scale, offer proportionately greater
reactive surface area than their larger counterparts, and can be used in or with livingorganisms for medical applications. As a result, familiar materials can have completely
different properties at nanoscale. For example, carbon atoms form both coal and diamonds,
but with different molecular arrangements. We now know that carbon molecules at
nanoscale can form cylindrical tubes, called carbon nanotubes (CNT), which are muchstronger than steel, and conduct electricity neither of which is possible with the carbon

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

found in coal or diamonds. Since their discovery by Iijima (1991) carbon nanotubes havefascinated scientists with their extraordinary properties. Carbon nanotubes may one day
provide the key breakthroughs in medicine and electronics. Another rnanomaterial that ischanging the face of the tire industry is carbon black a material composed of nanoparticles ofhigh-grade carbon “soot”. This material is incorporated into tires, resulting in greatly
improved durability. By the year 2000 carbon black for tires was a 6 million to per year global
market (Thayer, 2003)
Another reason nanotechnology holds so much promise is that is enables solutions at thesame size scale as biological organisms, such as individual cells in our bodies. Engineeredmaterials, such as ultrasmall particles made in the exact size to perform like “smart bomb”
can deliver drugs in the blood stream. Further convergence of nanotechnology andbiotechnology may combine biological and man made devices in a variety of applications,such as batteries for implanted heart pacemakers that draw electrical current from thewearer’s glucose rather than from surgically implanted batteries.
Yet another important facet of nanotechnology one that underpins both its promise andchallenges is that it embraces and attracts so many different disciplines that researchers andbusiness leaders are working in, among them chemistry, biology, material science, physics
and computer science. Communication and research between academic disciplines andbetween researchers and their business counterparts is critical to advancement of
nanotechnology.
(b) ATPS Uganda Marks the Scientific Revival Day of Africa
The ATPS Uganda Chapter partnered with Makerere University, the Uganda National Council
for Science and Technology (UNCST), the Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) andthe Uganda National Commission for UNESCO to commemorate the Scientific Revival Day on
14 December, 2006 at the Grand Imperial Kampala Hotel, Uganda.
The day was marked in tandem with the UNESCO World Science Day for Peace andDevelopment and aimed to increase stakeholders’ awareness of the role of science, technology
and innovation in national development. There were interesting exhibitions on display including
science and technology innovations on traditional medicines, healthcare products and different
ICT innovations as part of day’s activities. The day also offered an opportunity to disseminate
the report on the Finnish Study Tour. Eng Joseph Mutambi, who was part of the Ugandan teamthat visited Finnish Science parks, presented the report on the Finland Study Tour explaining
how lessons from Finland can be incorporated into Uganda’s Industrial Park Development
Programme.
The day marked under the theme “Science and Technology Innovations for Development” attracted
guests from the Uganda Private Sector Foundation, science and technology producers and users,
researchers, academia, policy makers, staff from the Uganda National Council for Science andTechnology (UNCST) and participants in the innovations systems and clusters project in
Uganda.
Other key dignitaries at the meeting included the Hon minister for ICT in Uganda, Dr Ham
Mulira, The presidential advisor on science and technology, Mr Ananias Tumukunde, the seniorindustrial officer in the Ministry of Tourism, Trade & Industry Eng Joshua Mutambi, and the
Executive Secretary of the UNCST, Dr Peter Ndemere.

26

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTThe Hon Minister for ICT in Uganda, Dr Ham Mulira, who was the chief guest lauded thechapter for organizing the event and requested for a much bigger commemoration of thescientific revival day in 2007. The Minister was enthused by the science park concept learnt
during the ATPS Finnish study tour and was keen to lobby for its incorporation into Uganda’s
Industrial Park Development Programme.
In his opening remarks, the ATPS Uganda National Coordinator, Prof Joseph Obua, applauded
the close collaboration between the chapter and other stakeholders in various science andtechnology programmes in Uganda. The presidential advisor on science and technology in
Uganda, Mr Ananias Tumukunde, expressed his appreciation for ATPS and its role in promoting
science and technology policies in Africa. Mr Tumukunde also pledged to brief the president on
ATPS, its activities and the available collaboration opportunities in developing Science andindustrial parks in Uganda
The Scientific Revival Day was dedicated, during the 46th Ministerial Conference of theOrganization of African Unity (OAU), to deliberate on the role of science and technology inaddressing socio-economic challenges in Africa. The Ministerial Council made a resolution
requiring member states to mark the day with programmes befitting the event.
ATPS has been on the forefront in popularizing and marking this day since 2002 by bringing
together stakeholders to discuss how science and technology can be re-deployed to improve
Africa’s development.
(c) ATPS Nigeria Marks the Scientific Revival Day of Africa
The ATPS Nigeria chapter celebrated the 19th anniversary of the scientific revival day for Africa
on July3rd July, 2006 at Rockview Hotel, Wuse II, Abuja.
Eng. (Prof.) A. P. Onwualu, the Director General of the Raw Materials Research andDevelopment Council (RMRDC) represented the minister of science and technology Nigeria as
the chief guest at the meeting. Other key guests at the meeting included Dr. Osita Ogbu,
Former Economic Adviser to the President, Prof. B.A. Solomon, Director-General of National
Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Khalid Timamy, African Union representative,
professor, and M.C. Madukwe and Prof O.A. Olukesusi both National coordinators of the
ATPS Nigeria Chapter. The event also attracted the RMRDC directors, ; representatives fromother organizations under the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology; the Press (Print andElectronic media) and Secondary School students.
The ATPS Nigeria chapter enjoys a warm relationship with the Ministry of Science andtechnology in Nigeria through the RMRDC and the two institutions have a Memorandum of
understanding (MoU) on issues such as policy studies and discussions, dissemination of
information designed to give science priority in Africa.
The minister’s representative, Professor Onwualu said that Africa was underrepresented in theworld of science and the continent had not yet appreciated the role of science for development.
Professor Onwualu said that the Federal ministry of science and technology in Nigeria hadrevised its policy on science and technology and had birthed agencies such as National Space
Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), National Information Technology
Development Agency (NITDA) and National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA).

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTThe scientific revival day was set aside during the 46th Ministerial Conference in Addis Ababa tocommemorate Science and Technology in Africa. ATPS Nigeria National Coordinator, Prof
Michael Madukwe pointed out that the aim of the anniversary was to sensitize Africans,
Governments and Institutions on the indispensable role of science and technology in national
development. He further pointed out that this year’s Scientific Revival Day presents anopportunity to examine the policies put in place to harness the benefits of science andtechnology with emphasis on the policy that drives the development and application of scienceand technology in national development.
Professor Madukwe reiterated the need for all Government Ministries, Parastatals, NGOs,
Schools, Civil Societies and the Press to create a Science and Technology Policy Unit within theirorganizations to enable them analyze, keep track and operate within emerging practices inscience and technology applicable to their respective mandates.
The Guest Lecturer, Prof. ‘Bola Ayeni of the Geography Department, University of Ibadan, gave
a lecture titled “The Challenge of Economic Development and Creation for Science and Technology in Nigeria”
pointed out that the industrial sector in Nigeria was producing at far from optimum levels with
reduction rather than expansion becoming a characteristic feature of the sector.
He said that a country’s respect in international circles depends partly on its technological basesand effective harnessing of existing and emerging technologies, would both reduce costs, andincrease the likelihood of job creation and poverty reduction in Nigeria.
In his comments, Dr Osita Ogbu, former Economic Adviser to the President, said that Scientists
assume that everybody knows the importance of science and technology in the development of anation. He pointed out that in governance; everything (policies, projects, and budget) was
contested for, and then called scientists to project themselves so as to attract attention. He
further said that wealth and infrastructure were driven by science and technology; therefore there
was a need to link science and technology to economics. Dr Ogbu called for a more elaborate
ceremony to mark the scientific revival day in future which would involve students’
exhibitions/essay competitions.
Professor Onwualu, Director-General, RMRDC, agreed that there need to expand the scientificrevival day programme, to include all stakeholders in science and technology including school
children. He called for formation of a Local Organizing Committee (LOC) to organize the 2007
Scientific Revival Day for Africa. He also said that the organizers should place special emphasis
on students’ participation.
(d) Strengthening Communication and Journalism in Agricultural, Natural Resource andRural Development in Central, South and Eastern Africa, Lusaka, September 2006
ATPS in collaboration with Media for Environment Science Health and Agriculture(MESHA) and PANOS Southern Africa, organized a journalist training workshop from the18th to 22nd September 2006 at Mwiza Corporate Lodge in Lusaka, Zambia under the theme
Strengthening Communication and journalism for Agricultural, natural Resource and rural development inCentral, South and Eastern Africa.
ATPS sponsored five well respected Kenyan and Ugandan journalists to the workshop that
was attended by 36 media professionals from 12 African countries. Additionally, ATPS
sponsored a resource person and contributed to coordination of the event.

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It emerged during the workshop that reporting on science, environmental, agriculture andnatural resources is often trivialized and superseded by sensational political stories in mostAfrican countries. This was attributed largely to stringent editorial policies, lack of resources,in addition to lack of interest and capacity by reporters on these issues. The meeting further
discussed approaches for better reporting and information management particularly on
developmental issues.
During the thematic field trip, workshop participants visited Kasisi Agricultural Training
Centre (KATC), that provides training in organic farming and sustainable agriculture to small
scale farmers in Zambia and the Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust which is aleading agricultural research institution in Zambia.
The workshop built on the efforts made in South, East and Central Africa to profile thepivotal role of scientific and development journalism and to ensure that journalists have thetools they need for effective reporting.
In the context of the workshop these tools were defined as access to issue and problem
orientated information; contacts with colleague reporters (together with an awareness of their
specialisations and geographical coverage) as well as knowledge of the newspapers,
magazines, bulletins, websites and other media active in their field of interest.
(e) ATPS Publications
Working Paper Series


An Assessment of the Effects of Technology Transfer on Gender Roles within aCommunity: The Development of Tea and Cofee Production among Smallholder Farmers
in Kiambu District, Central Province Kenya, by Winifred Karugu

Special Paper Series
Technology Transfer in a Globalizing World: Many Promises, Lack of Responsibility, andChallenges for Africa, by M.H. Khalil Timamy
Integrated Value Mapping for Sustainable River Basin Management, by Kevin Urama
Wastewater and Irrigated Agriculture Lessons Learned and Possible Applications in Africa,
by Frans Huibers, Lucas Seghezzo and Adriaan Mels

Imbalance in Water Allocation Stability and Collaboration within the Nile Basin, by Kinfe
AbrahamSurvey of Indigenous Water Management and Coping Mechanisms in Africa: Implications
for Knowledge and Technology Policy, by Femi OlokesusiWater Management and Conflict in Africa: The Role of Management and Technology, by
Chris Huggins
Markets, Institutions and Agricultural Performance in Africa, by Julius Mangisoni

The Biotechnology Revolution and its implication for Food Security in Africa, by Victor
Konde
Why Africa has Fallen Short of Building Dynamic Agro-processing Capabilities:
Constrains, Options and Prospects, by Wellingtn A. Otieno and Ada Mwangola
Technopolicy Brief SeriesWhat is sui generis System of Intellectual Property Protection?, by Moni Wekesa
Research Priorities for Kenya’s Cut-flower Industry: Farmer’s Perspective, by Maurice
Bolo, Nancy Muthoka, Racheal Washisino, Virginia Mwai and Daniel Kisongwo

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

Reports and Newsletters

ATPS Newsletter, Jul – Dec 2005 (Issue No. 18)

ATPS Newsletter, Jan – Jun 2006 (Issue No. 19)
2005 ATPS Annual Report30

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT(f) ATPS Website Report

Hits
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Total Visitor Stay Length
Average Visitor Stay Length
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85,663
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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

Partnerships
New models of research collaboration are emerging as part of the gradual shift in theorganizational structure of science and technology (S&T) policy towards more collaborative
modalities and participatory approaches. In this new context, the strategic importance ofcooperation, networking and research partnerships is significantly increasing. The African
Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) facilitates and promotes new and innovative
research partnerships that can play a key role in the process of building research on S&T policies
in many spheres. The Network fosters collaborative programmes, projects or activities initiated,developed and implemented by recognized stakeholder groups, and which remain open toparticipation by other stakeholders as and when they find a suitable niche. ATPS seeks to exploit
the comparative advantages of participating stakeholders at the most effective level – local,
regional or global. Discussed in this section are some initiatives where ATPS has played a key
role.

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

A. The ATPS Youth Programmea. Youth Consultative Meeting, Nairobi, April 2006
Following the successful Youth Congress and Exposition in June 2005, ATPS collaborated with
the Centre for Rural Cooperation (CTA), Netherlands to hold a consultative meeting of youth
experts on 6-7 April 2006, in Nairobi. At this meeting, it was decided that the theme of the 2ndAfrican Youth Congress would be Food Security and Health for Sustainable Development:
Perspectives of the Youth. To ensure objectivity, a Steering Committee, made up of youth fromnine African countries, decided that youth participation would be based on application and/or
the submission of an abstract of work done in the thematic area. An overwhelming number ofapplications were received and the abstracts were reviewed externally. The Congress took place
on 26–29 June 2006 in Accra, Ghana.
b. The 2nd ATPS Youth Congress and Workshop, Accra, Ghana
The agricultural sector plays a major role in the economies of most African nations in terms ofcontribution to GDP, export earnings and employment. However most of these countries arefood insecure. The AU defines food security as physical and economic access to sufficient andsafe food to lead a healthy and productive life. Despite pockets of success in various regions of
the continent, food security has remained an elusive goal in Africa. The current food insecurity in
Africa is significantly worse on average than it is in other parts of developing world. 27% of theAfrican population is estimated to be ‘undernourished’ or ‘hungry’ and this percentage has only
declined by 2% over the 10 year period of 1990/02 – 2000/02.( State of Food Insecurity in the World,2004 FAO)
Food production in the period of 1993-2003 has declined as the population soars in thecontinent and Africa has to increase its agricultural production by 4-6% per annum on asustained basis to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population that is expected to increase
from about 900million to 1.3 million by year 2020. (Status of food security and prospects for agriculturaldevelopment 2005)
The African Union (AU) Commission has noted that the number of hungry persons has
increased from 176 to 210 million over the ten year period of 1990-92 to 2000-02 due to the
population surge. In North Africa, an estimated 4% of the population are undernourished due toperiodic hunger rather than life threatening malnutrition and the figure has not changed
substantially over the past 10 years. On the opposite end, 55% of the population in the southern
sub-region is undernourished and this regional average is highly influenced by the especially large
population of Democratic Republic of Congo (61% of the sub-regional population). (FAO, Stateof Food Insecurity in the World, 2004).
The overall food situation, however, remains precarious with high malnutrition rates reported inseveral countries arising from effects of war, displacement and past droughts. (AU Status of foodsecurity and prospects for Agricultural development in Africa Report)
Further complicating this grim situation is the health burden the continent has to bear. Africa’s
quest for rapid and sustainable economic development is undermined by its huge and growing
disease burden. The enormous cost of health care, lack of effective drugs, high costs of medicine
and lack of access to affordable drugs, weak health care systems, drug resistance and slow paceof behavioral change ensures that a huge proportion of the population are faced with the realityof early deaths from potentially preventable and treatable diseases. The range of diseases
hampering the continents efforts is very wide. However, Malaria, HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and33

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

other communicable diseases top the list of diseases that weigh down the economic recovery
efforts of most African countries.
The 2nd Africa Regional Youth Congress on Science and Technology “Food security and health forsustainable development in Africa” brought together young professionals, scientists, youth leaders andrepresentatives from national, regional and international institutions and civil society who arecommitted to the promotion and application of Agriculture, Science, Technology and Innovation
in meeting social and economic development goals in Africa. The congress benefited from theimagination, creativity and innovativeness of youth dovetailed with the experience, guidance andmentorship of the resource persons in seeking solutions to the persistent challenges foodinsecurity and burden of disease in Africa. During the Congress, the African Youth Forum on
Science and Technology (AYFST) (and its website) was officially launched to provide a united
voice for the youth on science and technology in Africa.
The youth issued a strong communiqué targeted to African governments, regional organizations
and development partners. During the Congress, AYFST and the AYFST official website were
officially launched to provide a united voice for the youth on science and technology in Africa.
Hon Major Courage E.K. Quashigah, Minister for Health, Ghana and Hon Ernest Debrah,
Deputy Minister for Agriculture and Food Security officially opened the Congress.
Congress Objectives
The overall objective of the Congress was to empower the youth by according them theopportunity to learn, network, debate, exchange ideas and add their collective voice to the policy
discourses on how best to tap science and technology for food security and improved health intheir respective countries and the continent at large.
The specific objectives were:• To provide a forum for young African professionals, practitioners, policymakers,
government officials and other stakeholders to interact and share knowledge on thesituation - challenges and opportunities facing the agriculture and health sectors in Africa• To deliberate on the emerging science and technology issues in attaining food security
and improved health, with emphasis on perspectives from the youth and determine theirroles in contributing to the on-going initiatives• To expose the youth to strategies for influencing policy discourses and ensuring that
their views are incorporated in the policy processes and resources are made available forachieving the expected outcomes.
• To provide an opportunity for peer-to-peer networking amongst the African youth
Expected Outcomes• AYFST (and its website) officially launched during the meeting• African youth networked and committed to playing a greater role in attaining foodsecurity in Africa• Congress communiqué capturing key conclusions and recommendations and proceedings
published and disseminated in print and electronic format. Key papers were presented
and published in the AYFST website with links to the websites of strategic partners.
• African youth encouraged to take agriculture and related careers to improve agricultural
productivity

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTThe papers presented were: Emerging Issues in Science and Technology for Food Security in Africa – Perspectives
from the African Youth by Lydia Olaka, Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources forDevelopment, Kenya and Sally Chikuta, University of Zambia, Zambia
 The Use of Biotechnology to enhance the Nutritive Value of Alternative Feedstuffs for
Livestock Feeding by Andrew Adegboyega Fatufe, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
 Participatory agricultural technology development and transfer initiatives: Experiences
and lessons from Malawi by George Kanthiti, Agricultural Economist, Ministry ofAgriculture, Malawi and Isaac Fandika, Irrigation Agronomist,Department of Agricultural
Research Services Ministry of Agriculture, Malawi
 Critical factors hampering agricultural productivity in Africa: The case of Ethiopian
Farmers by Yezihalem Tesfa, St. Mary’s University College, Ethiopia
 Drying of agro-produce: towards reduction of post harvest losses by Joseph Kihedu,
University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
 Youth Leadership for Science and Technology: The missing link? By Dr Osita Ogbu, Chief
Economic Advisor to the President, Federal Republic of Nigeria
 The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Enhancing Household Food Security: A case
Study of Mukungwe, Masaka District in Uganda by Jacob Agea, Makerere University,
Uganda Role of Higher Education in Attaining Food Security in Africa: The need for a paradigm
shift by Andrew Adwera, African Center for Technology Studies, Kenya Food Security for Sustainable Development: A case of Rural farmer Groups in Uganda
by Caroline Patience Odongo, St. Francis SS Kamwokya, Kampala, Uganda.
 Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in Health and Agriculture: Opportunities andChallenges for Africa by Linda Opati, Attorney General’s Office, Kenya Youth leadership in Response to Africa’s Dual Epidemics: Food insecurity and
HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa by Vincent Okullo, African Youth Parliament, Kenya
 Gender Relations and Decision-Making: Implications for Food Security in Nigeria by
Olufunso Adeola Akinsanmi, CETEP University, Nigeria Building the Competence of Youth on Sustainable Livelihood Skills and Reproductive
Health using e-technologies by Desmond Okoro, Youth Action Rangers of Nigeria(YARN), Nigeria
 UGACAD Foundation Interventions in the Health Sector focusing on HIV/AIDS andEconomic Empowerment: Lessons from Uganda by Musulo Muhammed, UGACADFoundation, Uganda
 Economic Impacts of HIV/AIDS on Food Security in Ghana by Richard Aidoo, Ghana
 Assessment of the Effects of HIV/AIDS on Rural Agricultural Systems and Livelihoods:
A Comparative Study of Rakai and Kabale Districts in Uganda by Jackson Tumwiine,
Makerere University, Uganda The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Agriculture and Food Security in Malawi by Janet Hilda
Kabuli, Research Officer, Department of Agricultural Research Services, Ministry ofAgriculture and food security, Malawi
c. Youth Programme – ATPS/CTA launches the AYFSTFollowing the inaugural congress in 2005, the youth continued to deliberate on how best to build
and sustain a vibrant S&T constituency amongst the youth in Africa. Through extensive
consultations with fellow youth and some senior leaders and professionals, the youth determinedthat they require a vehicle to empower them to actively contribute to Africa’s socio-economic
development through greater application and involvement in agriculture, science, technology andinnovation. ATPS and CTA supported these youth initiatives that resulted in the official launch
the African Youth Forum on Science and Technology (AYFST) and its website (www.ayfst.org).
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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTThis Forum will provide the youth with an opportunity to contribute and share ideas and views
on topical and policy issues in science and technology as they relate to Africa’s development.
d. MAXFACTA, April 2006
ATPS and Maximizing Facts on HIV/AIDS Youth Group (MAXFACTA) held a one-day youth
forum on the 1 April 2006 at a youth centre in Nairobi. The forum that was attended by about
30 youth who are either affected or infected with HIV/AIDS, disseminated important lessons on
issues, such as the importance of behaviour change that would protect the youth fromcontracting HIV/AIDS and leading responsible lives, behaviour change to prevent the spread of
HIV/AIDS, literacy on the more common HIV/AIDS treatment terms, and nutrition for people
infected and affected by HIV/AIDS.
Ruth Wanjala, ATPS Communications Assistant, made a presentation titled, Youth Empowerment
in HIV/Aids Prevention and Management and further discussed ATPS health technology
programme that aims to contribute to improved health care delivery and access in Africa, shealso highlighted the ATPS youth programme that seeks to develop youth leadership for
HIV/AIDS management and prevention.
e. Young Professionals Platform in Agriculture Research for Development, Netherlands,
May 2006
Three members of the African Youth Forum on Science and Technology (AYFST), Maurice
Bolo (ATPS), Winnie Alum (NARO-Uganda) and Jane Bisanju (UN-Habitat-Kenya), received
sponsorship from the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) to attend
the strategic planning meeting of Youth Professionals Platform in Agriculture Research(YPARD). YPARD is a platform of young professionals involved in agricultural research anddevelopment (R&D) under the aegis of the Consultative Group of International Agricultural
Research (CGIAR) system. The strategic planning meeting was held on 2–5 May 2006 to
formulate the vision, mission, objectives and strategies YPARD. The planning meeting brought
together young professionals from 16 countries worldwide.

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B. Programme on ICT/S&T Knowledge for Development(a) ATPS/KIF/KICTANET parliamentary empowerment
ATPS joined forces with the Kenya ICT Federation (KIF), Kenya ICT Action Network andother private sector stakeholders to facilitate a parliamentary roundtable on the pending ICT Billand other preceding activities. As a start, ATPS has contributed toward the Power Up with ICT
campaign that seeks to stimulate application of ICTs among all citizens and to catalyse the ICT
industry to serve Kenya’s’ development needs. The activities will promote usage of ICT-based
solutions across key socio-economic sectors, as well as stimulate interest in ICT applications bydecision-makers in key cities and towns. The lessons learnt from this activity will be published asan ATPS technopolicy brief and will be disseminated at the jointly organised parliamentarianpolicy roundtable. The campaign took place between 20 and 30 November 2006 and covered
five cities and towns in Kenya.
(b) Tour of Science Parks in Finland
ATPS has used the Finnish model in its training and sensitization exercises as an example of acountry that quickly transformed from a resource-based to knowledge based economy. There are
significant lessons for Africa including: how Finland’s S&T infrastructure is organized; how thestrong industry-knowledge institutions linkage works; the Nokia example; and how
science/technology parks and the innovation process drive the Finnish economy.
It was in this regard that ATPS, supported by the Embassy of Finland, organised a study tour toFinland from 27 August to 2 September for delegates from Kenya and Uganda. The purpose of
the trip was to help policy makers; government officials and academia understand the crucial roleof science parks in sparking socio-economic development. Finland was chosen as the country
offers one of the most successful and renowned examples of how science parks can be used tospearhead industrial growth as in the case of Nokia.
The delegation which comprised various stakeholders included Members of Parliament, senior
government officials and university dons from Kenya and Uganda. In the week the team was in
Helsinki, they visited the Finnish Science Park Association (TEKEL), Helsinki University, ICT
Turku Ltd, Technopolis group and the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation(TEKES).
The team comprised of the following: Mr Arthur Bwire Tukahirwa, Director, Industrial Parks Development Division, Uganda
Investment Authority (UIA) Hon Pereza G. Ahabwe, Member of Parliament (MP) and Chairman of the Parliamentary
Sessional Committee on Tourism, Trade and Industry, Uganda
 Prof Joseph Obua, National Coordinator, ATPS Uganda Chapter; Mr Joshua Mutambi, Senior Industrial Officer, Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Industry(MTTI), Uganda.
 Dr Kevit Desai, Director of Engineering, Centurion Systems, Kenya Hon Jakoyo Midiwo, Member of Parliament (MP), Kenya
 Prof George King’oria, Executive Secretary, National Council of Science and Technology(NCST), Kenya
 Prof Isaac Nyambok, Professor of Geology, University of Nairobi, Kenya
 Mr Kennedy Auka, the Finance and Administration Manager, ATPS

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Overall, the team was extremely pleased and gained a great deal of useful information. Plans fortwo dissemination workshops are underway in both countries.

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C. Demand-led Research in Kenya’s Floriculture Industry
Local research institutions can participate in demand-led research to come up with solutions thatwill benefit the flower industry and alleviate some of the major challenges facing smallholder
floriculture farmers.
The African Technology Policy Studies (ATPS) and the Technical Center for Agriculture andRural Cooperation (CTA) in collaboration with leading stakeholders, such as the Horticulture
Crops Development Association (HCDA), the Kenya Agricultural Research Institution (KARI),
the Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS), the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), theCAB International Africa and smallholder farmers’ representatives have been actively involved inbridging the gap between floriculture farmers and research systems in Kenya.
In 2004, ATPS conducted a national case study on Agricultural Science, Technology and Innovations
Systems: The case of Kenya’s floriculture industry that indicated that, given the desirable conditions,
there was a high potential for small scale growers who make up about 3% of the flower industry
in Kenya. Principally, the study found that there were weak interactions between the flower
industry and the local research system, leading to under-utilization of research capacity and an
over-reliance on costly external knowledge from international research bodies.
The study further indicated that there were weak linkages in the innovation system due to poor
collaboration between relevant actors in the system and recommended closer partnership
between the local research system and the flower industry to allow farmers and exporters to set
the research agenda.
To address these gaps, ATPS, CTA and CABI-Africa facilitated a one–week training workshop,from 25-29 July 2005, at Safari Park Hotel in Nairobi addressing the theme Demand-led Research:
Bridging the gap in the agricultural, science, technology and innovation systems. The main objective of the
training workshop was to build the capacity of actors in the floriculture industry and assist themto conduct demand-led research that would contribute to strengthening the Agricultural Science
Technology and Innovation (ASTI) systems in Kenya
The participatory workshop recognized the value of farmers’ experimentation, innovations andinvolvement in the prioritizing and implementing agricultural research and development in
Kenya. A key output of the training workshop in line with the recommendations of the ATPS
2004 study led to an offer for further support by CTA for a follow up case study in “Demandled research in Kenya’s floriculture industry” that ran from January to June 2006.
ATPS set up a consultative taskforce that would spearhead the study as a part of a wider processintended to improve the interface between farmers, policy makers, researchers and otherstakeholders. The taskforce was selected to represent the different categories of stakeholders in
the flower industry, such as research and training institutions (The Kenya Agricultural ResearchInstitute (KARI)); regulatory and quality control institutions (The Kenya Plant HealthInspectorate Services (KEPHIS) and the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS)); farmers andentrepreneur representatives (Karen Growers Ltd); marketing and investment bodies (HCDA),
policy organs (MoA) and ATPS, as the overall coordinating body. The inclusion of over 50% of
small scale growers and technical representatives in each regional consultative meeting was alsostressed.
The members of the ATPS floriculture taskforce were Ms Nancy Muthoka, KARI –Thika; Ms
Rachael Washisino, the Depot Manager of HCDA-Limuru; Ms Virgina Mwai, the Assistant39

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

Director, Flowers and Ornamentals, MOA; Mr Daniel Kisongwo, Karen Roses Limited and, Mr.
Maurice Bolo, ATPS.
The first consultative meeting was held on 9 March 2006 at KARI- Macadamia Center in Thika,
followed by the second consultative meeting in Limuru on the 21 March 2006 and the third andfinal consultative meeting in Naivasha on the 9 June 2006.The consultative meetings attracted
multi-stakeholder participation to bring forward pressing issues to the attention of the relevant
stakeholders in the floriculture industry.
Poor infrastructural networks, inadequate financing, currency fluctuations, stringent/limited
market access, inferior flower breeds, poor information dissemination, pest and disease control
in the floriculture industry were some of the significant challenges identified during thesemeetings. The participants in these consultative fora suggested training on post-harvest crop
handling, development of new flower varieties, government support through subsidies tofarmers and lower tax rates on inputs as solutions to some the problems faced by floriculture
farmers. Additionally, formation of cooperatives, information dissemination especially on market
trends coupled with more government involvement would move the industry forward in Kenya.
Small-scale floriculturalists suggested the inclusion of exporters, the Fresh Produce Exporters’
Association (FPEAK) and the Kenya Flower Council (KFC) to have an integrated demand-led
research. Moreover, the participants suggested that farmers should know about research findings
through easy access to information centers to build capacity and empower them.
Soon after the final stakeholder meeting, the taskforce team presented a technical report to CTA
incorporating the recommendations of small-scale farmers which will be distributed to all the
stakeholders. The taskforce additionally produced a technopolicy brief titled: Research
priorities for Kenya’s cut flower industry: Farmers’ perspectives. The study will culminate
with a national dissemination seminar where the results of the demand-led study will bepresented to a variety of stakeholders in the floriculture industry.
Floriculture dominates Kenya’s horticultural sub-sector accounting for up to 60 per cent of thetotal earnings from horticulture and 8 per cent of the country’s total export revenues. Data fromthe Kenya Flower Council indicate that the floriculture industry contributes about US$ 200
million to Kenya’s national economy every year, employs 100,000 people directly and a further 2
million indirectly.

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National Chapter Activities
On of the unique features of ATPS is the existence of well-functioning national chapters. Thisnot only caters for demand driven programmes, but also firmly establishes the ownership of the
network from the bottom upward. The national chapters have become the wellspring of new
ideas and the bedrock of policy linkages and capacity building. With closer supervision andsupport from the secretariat, the national chapters are increasingly delivering more output withfewer resources. In some of the more established chapters like in Gambia, Ghana, Kenya,
Nigeria, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the national chapter offices have been establishedwith the help of the various governments. ATPS currently boasts of 23 national chapters. The
activities of the various chapters are discussed in this section.

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A. NATIONAL/IN-COUNTRY DIALOGUESIn order to anchor the policy debates on biotechnology and bring the issues closer to thepolicymakers and implementers, ATPS supported and facilitated national dialogues in selectcountries. The choice of the countries was based on the state of biotechnology laws and policies
in the countries, the level of polarization, the state of biotechnology research and development
and regional distribution. Based on these criteria, the following countries were supported:a) Cote d’Ivoire
The ATPS-Cote d’Ivoire Chapter held a biotechnology seminar under the theme, Biotechnology:
issues for Agriculture, Health and Environment on 21 June 2006 at the Ivorian Association ofAgronomy Sciences (AISA), Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. The chapter held the seminar incollaboration with the University of Cocody, the Centre Nationale de Recherché Agronomique(CNRA), the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Health and Environment.
During the opening ceremony, Dr Arsene Kouadio, National Coordinator, ATPS Cote d’Ivoire
chapter said that biotechnology is key to solving the main impediments to sustainable
development. He said that the seminar organizers had invited experts in agriculture, health,environment and the civil society to discuss the benefits of biotechnology to development. Dr
Kouadio said that it was time that African scientists expressed their views on biotechnology sothat Africa could move towards food security like the United States and other developed
countries that had embraced biotechnology.
Dr Kouadio argued that biotechnology held the key to alternative solutions to famine, pollution,
poverty, contagious diseases, pandemics and conservation of natural resources. “Africa,” hecontinued, “must improve the populations’ livelihood by using new technologies to guarantee
the survival of future generations.”
Dr Kouadio informed the participants that organizations like the Canadian Consultative
Committee on Biotechnology could assist African governments to create national biotechnology
institutions because their mission is to counsel governments on ethical, social, regulatory,
scientific, environmental and health aspects of biotechnology. He added that such steps would
help Africa identify the major areas of focus in biotechnology and take appropriate actions toform a credible and responsible society.
The five themes that were addressed during the debate were: Biotechnology and Agriculture Food Biotechnology
 Biotechnology and the Environment Biotechnology to the Service of Microbiology: The example of IPCI; moleculartechniques and the HIV virus
 Biotechnology and Regulation
The participants were concerned about the ultimate risks that biotechnology, especially thegenetically modified organisms (GMOs) could present. However, some of them supported themerits of biotechnology in their areas of specialty. The precision with which the speakers
presented biotechnology research work was convincing to the participants, but the panelists

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requested that future debates should not be limited to GMOs but should also address other areasof biotechnology.
The ATPS-Cote d’Ivoire Chapter has been in the forefront of filling a void that policy makers
often ignore. The chapter has sought to allay the general concerns on biotechnology throughadapted solutions for the present and future situations.
The seminar that was widely covered by the local media was honoured by the presence of the
Minister for Health, Minister for Higher Education and Research, Vice-President, University of
Abidjan-Cocody, among others.
b) Swaziland
ATPS supported a dissemination workshop organized by the ATPS-Swaziland and the
University of Swaziland on “Determination of the Use of Biotechnology in the Agricultural Industry in
Swaziland”. This research was initially funded by ATPS under its small grants scheme. Its
objectives were relevant to this programme and the findings have been incorporated in the draft
national biotechnology policy for Swaziland.
c) National dialogue on Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights: Basis forresponsible and democratic promotion of science and technology in Benin
The Benin workshop, held on 3 – 4 October 2006 in Cotonou, aimed to lay the foundation for
national dialogue on biotechnology in Benin through the dissemination of the findings of ATPS
Regional Workshop held in Dakar 13-15 March 2006. The workshop was aimed at the national
leaders capable of engaging themselves in a transparent process of leadership of citizens andnational institutions on strategic issues such as those of biotechnology and property intellectual
rights.
The themes of the workshop were: Biotechnology, Biosafety, health and intellectual property rights in Africa : Brief draft on
the reason for, objectives and expectations of this workshop
 Biotechnology : economic issues and ethical problem
 Biotechnology and health in Africa : Prospects for Benin The question of GMO and risk evaluation : progress achieved in Africa and prospects
for Benin Intellectual property rights, biotechnology and international conventions : prospects for
Benin The potential of biotechnology and the needs in training and capacity building for Benind) Mali
As a follow up to the regional francophone dialogue, ATPS-Mali conducted a national follow-up
dialogue on biotechnology and its applications in agriculture, health and breeding; biosecurity
and intellectual property rights in December 2006. The full workshop report will follow shortly.

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTe) ATPS Monitors Cluster Initiatives in Uganda
Introduction
The African Technology Policy Studies (ATPS) Network has a key mandate to support thedevelopment and strengthening of policies that increase the integration of science andtechnology in national development programmes.
ATPS aspires to make a difference in the livelihood of people by enhancing their capacity to
produce goods and services that can compete internationally and globally through utilization of
appropriate and affordable technologies. The institution is more so a key stakeholder in thedevelopment and promotion of innovative systems and clusters in Uganda, Tanzania andMozambique that are currently piloting ISCP-EA.
ATPS shares commonalities with the ISCP-EA programme, and so it was deemed necessary to
involve the ATPS Uganda Chapter in the monitoring of the seven cluster initiatives namely (1)Metal Fabrication, (2) Pineapple processing, (3) Basketry, (4) Fashion and Textiles, (5)Management Consultancy, (6) Ethanol and Bio-fuel and (7) Lake Katwe Salt processing.
Objectives
The overall objective of the monitoring exercise is to present an independent opinion on theperformance of the cluster initiatives in Uganda. The specific objectives are:(i) To establish the current status and progress made in establishment of the cluster initiatives
and whether they are on course.
(ii) To assess the expectations of the stakeholders about the Cluster Initiatives.
(iii) To identify bottlenecks and challenges being faced by the Cluster Initiatives.
(iv) To establish whether the Cluster Initiatives are being developed within the policy
frameworks.
(v) To recommend actions that would enhance the development and performance of eachcluster initiative.
Clusters and the Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP).
In the absence of a national innovation policy, the cluster initiatives in Uganda should be
developed within the provisions of the national economic planning and development strategies
contained in the Vision 2025 (strategy for national development) and the Poverty Eradication
Action Plan (PEAP). PEAP provides an overarching framework to guide policy action toeradicate poverty (Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, 2004). It ishypothesized in the PEAP that “in order to achieve middle-income status, Uganda needs toindustrialize by enhancing its competitiveness.” This hypothesis is in congruence with the goal ofcluster initiatives development.
The Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) aims at contributing towards transforming Uganda
into a middle-income country. Such a transformation process will involve industrialization basedon private investment in competitive enterprises. Uganda recognizes that the best way toindustrialize is not to protect domestic industry, but to enhance competitiveness. Uganda istherefore implementing economic development programmes aimed at expanding the country’s
ability to compete in international markets. The development of cluster initiatives is both timely
and essential because it will augment the implementation process.

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Guiding Questions
The following questions guided the monitoring process of the cluster initiative in Phase 1
between July and September 2006.
• Have the cluster initiatives been formed and are functional?
• Was a baseline survey carried out to reveal the profile of each firm/institution in eachcluster?
• Is the cluster concept clearly understood and well embraced in each cluster initiative?
• Do cluster members feel that the concept of cluster initiative is feasible to implement in
Uganda?
• What are the challenges encountered so far in each cluster initiative?
• To what extent has each cluster initiative linked its current and proposed activities torelevant policies in Uganda?
Recommendations
The following recommendations came up at the conclusion of the monitoring and evaluation
exercise.
There is a need for each cluster initiative to conduct a baseline survey to compile theprofile of the firms/member organizations and individual members. This is importantbecause the planning of activities of each cluster should be based on knowledge of thecharacteristics of the firms and members.
• There is a need for refresher training in cluster management and to ensure continuous
flow of information among cluster firms and individuals.
• The National Steering Committee should develop a programme of meetings (a year
planner) that brings together all cluster facilitators and leadership to share experiences,challenges and develop the way forward.
• There is a need to fully sensitize the members and explain the concept of cluster
initiatives so that they do not mistake it for a ‘new project’ in which they are being
involved.
• There is a need to maintain the momentum in the clusters through innovative
programme activities that are explicitly beneficial to members so that they do not driftaway.
• There is need for each cluster initiative to develop strategies for its activities within theprovisions of relevant sector policies and laws e.g the Uganda Investment Policy andStatute, the Environment Statute, PEAP, Plan for Modernization of Agriculture,
National Forest Plan and Uganda Forest Policy, Trade Policy, Energy Policy, Science andTechnology Policy, National Biodiversity Strategy etc.
• There is a need to teach innovation systems and innovation clusters in the Business,
Technical and Vocational Education Training Institutions e.g. Community-based
Polytechnics, Colleges of Commerce, Technical Institutes and Colleges, and in theuniversities. The national Curriculum Development Centre and the National Council forHigher Education need to be involved in the integration of the subject in the curricula ofthe different post secondary and tertiary institutions.
• There is need for a national innovation systems and clusters policy
There is need for continued monitoring of the clusters activities in 2007 in the context oftechnical feasibility and sustainability, adherence to environmental standards and policy linkages.
•

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTf) The ATPS Tanzania Chapter Undertakes Study on Pilot Cluster Innovation Systems
and Clusters“The Tanzanian policy environment is conducive for cluster initiatives because most of theclusters attract the Government’s interest under the poverty alleviation strategy programme,”
indicates the evaluation of eight pilot cluster initiatives.
The objective of the evaluation was to present an independent opinion on the performance ofcluster initiatives in Tanzania. During the Swedish International Development Cooperation
Agency (SIDA) funded 2004 regional conference on Innovation Systems and Innovative Clusters in
Africa held in Tanzania, it emerged that information regarding the existence and functioning of
the innovation systems and innovative clusters in Africa was scarce. It was also clear that some
ATPS Network activities overlap with those of the Innovations Systems and Clusters
Programme in Eastern Africa (ISCP-EA). This led to collaboration between SIDA and ATPS
where some of the latter’s funding from SIDA would be used for ISCP-EA activities. A
consultative meeting organized by the Tanzania chapter where a plan of action that included
identification and study of innovation systems in the Tanzania and Uganda was developed
followed soon afterwards.
Eight clusters in Tanzania were selected on the basis of limited information, such as their growthpotential and contribution to poverty reduction. These clusters are: Metal working in Morogoro;
Mushroom in Dar es Salaam, Pwani and Morogoro; Vegetable seed in Arusha and Kilimanjaro;
Seaweed in Zanzibar; Cultural heritage and tourism in Bagamoyo; Nutriceuticals in Dar es
Salaam; Sisal in Tanga; and Vegetable and fruit in Morogoro. The clusters were evaluated bygathering information from existing cluster theories and case studies to develop monitoring andevaluation indicators.
The evaluation revealed that good governance played a big role in the development of cluster
initiatives because most of the clusters involved small and medium enterprises (SMEs), forcing
the policy level at the national level to be supportive. However, it was also apparent that support
from the local government was also necessary. In the case of the cultural heritage and tourism
cluster, the negotiation between the cluster leadership and local government on land allocation isat an advanced stage. On the other hand the mushroom cluster through the local government
acquired a building in Kibaha town to among other activities act as the mushroom collection
centre. The vegetable and fruit cluster has also negotiated TShs 100 million under poverty
reduction programme to put up common processing facilities. The metal work cluster has
acquired land so that the members can work together thus improve the cluster performance.
The evaluation also recommended the conducting of a baseline survey to establish the status of
the clusters before selection. The evaluators also recommended the appointing of facilitatorswith no vested interests but with demonstrated commitment and passion for the success ofcluster initiatives.
The 2004 regional conference on Innovation Systems and Innovative Clusters in Africa was jointly
organized by the College of Engineering and Technology (CoET) of the University of Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania, College of Engineering and Technology and Faculties of Engineering ofMakerere University in Uganda and Eduardo Mondlane University in Mozambique. SIDA
provided the funding while resources persons came from the African Technology Policy Studies
Network (ATPS).

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTANNEXES

Annex I: Financial Report47

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT48

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

49

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

50

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

Annex II: ATPS National Coordinators
Cocody, Boulevard Latrille08 BP. 1295 ABIDJAN 08, Côte d'ivoire
Tel.: (225) 22 444 363 / 22448942
Fax.: (225) 22 440829
Email: arsenekk@yahoo.fr
arsenekouadio@hotmail.com

1. Benin
Dr. Roch L. MONGBO
Senior Lecturer & Researcher
FIDESPRA/Univ. of Abomey Calava and
CEBEDES – XU dodo
02 BP 778
Cotonou, Benin
Tel: +229-21304139/95966446
Email: rmongbo@intnet.bj or
Rochl_mongbo@yahoo.com

6. Ethiopia
Dr. Markos TIBBO
ILRI-BMZ Project CoordinatorInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
Animal Genetic Resources
Bole Sub-City, Kebele 13, P.O. Box 5689
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Tel: 251-1-463215
Fax: 251-1-461252
Email: m.tibbo@cgiar.org

2. Botswana
Dr. John MOTHIBI
Lecturer, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
University of Botswana
P/Bag 0061
Gaborone, Botswana
Tel: +267 3554348
Fax: +267 3952309
E-mail: mothibij@mopipi.ub.bw

7. The Gambia
Mr. Ernest R. AUBEE
Fase Programme
UNDP
Kofi Annan Street, Cape Point
Bakau, The Gambia
Tel: +220 495071/74/89
Fax: +220 494758
Email: ilo@qanet.gm

3. Burkina Faso
Dr. Benoit KABORE
Université de Ouagadougou
01 BP 4487
Ouagadougou 01
Tel: 226 812008/380715
Email: kaboben@hotmail.com

8. Ghana
Dr. George Owusu ESSEGBEY
Senior Scientific Secretary
STEPRI/C.S.I.R.
P.O. Box CT 519,
Accra, Ghana
Tel: +233 21 773856
Fax: +233 21 773068
Cell: +233 243 753314
Email: goessegbey@hotmail.com

4. Cameroon
Mr. Sylvester NDESO ATANGA
Lecturer, Epidemology & Public HealthFaculty of Health Sciences
University of Buea
P.O. Box 63
South West Province
Republic of Cameroon
Tel: +237 7615755/984143
Fax: +237 332 2270/71
Email: lawrenkum@yahoo.co.uk

9. Kenya
Kenneth Williams ADUDA (Acting)
Kenya Industrial Research & Development Insitute(KIRDI)
P.O. Box 54139-00200
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: +254 020 603842
Fax: +254 020 607023
Cell: +254 721 466444
Email: aduda@yahoo.com

5. Côte d’Ivoire
Dr Arsène Konan KOUADIO
Chief of Division
Research in Economics
Centre Ivoirien de Recherches
Economiques et Sociales (CIRES)

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORTEmail: chemane@infopol.gov.mz

10. Lesotho

15. Nigeria

Dr. Spirit TLALINational University of Lesotho
P.O. Roma 180
LesothoTel: +266 22 340601
Fax: +266 22 340000
Cell: +266 63884488

Prof. Michael C. MADUKWEProfessor, Department of Agricultural Extension
University of Nigeria
Nsukka, Enugu State
Nigeria
Tel: +234 42 771019
Fax: +234 42 771500
Email: madukwe@hotmail.com or
madukwe@hyperia.com or
natps@hyperia.com

Email: sb.tlali@nul.ls

11. Liberia(Vacant)

Prof. Femi OLOKESUSI
Nigerian Institute for Socialand Economic Research (NISER)
P.M.B 5 UI Post Office
Oyo Road, Ojoo
Ibadan, Nigeria
Tel: +234 2 8103345/8102904
Fax: +234 2 2413121
Email: femioloke@yahoo.com

12. Malawi
Dr. Julius H. MANGISONI
Senior Lecturer, Agricultural Economics/ Natural
Resource and Environmental Econ.
University of Malawi
Bunda College of Agriculture
Rural Development Department
P.O. Box 219,
Lilongwe, Malawi
Tel: +265 01277434/419/222
Fax: +265 01 277364
Email:mang@sdnp.org.mw
or jmangisoni@yahoo.co.uk

16. Senegal
Dr. Papa Alioune Sarr NDIAYEESP BP 15475 DAKAR Fann
SénégalTél : Bureau (221) 864 54 18
Fax : (221) 864 21 43
Domicile (221) 820 23 88
Cellulaire (221) 634 58 88
Email : pndiaye@ucad.sn

13. MaliDr. Sidiki Gabriel DEMBELE
Agrochimie/Agroforesterie et Fertilité des sols
Bureau Ouest-Africain d’Appui Organisational et deTechnologies Appropiées
B.P. E 3730, Bamako, Mali
Tél. : (223) 226 2012
Fax : (223) 226 2504
Cell : (223) 71 3806
Email: sidikigabriel@hotmail.com orousmanenia2000@yahoo.fr

17. Sierra Leone
Mr. Chris SQUIRE
Head, Dept of Mechanical Engineering
University of Sierra Leone
c/o Computech, 22 Pultney St.
P.O. Box 603
Freetown, Sierra Leone
Tel: +232 22 227831
Fax: +232 22 227453
Cell: +232 76 610600
Email: chris@sierratel.sl or
Chris_b_squire@hotmail.com

14. MozambiqueEng. Lourino Alberto CHEMANE
ICT and Planning Advisor
Executive Secretariat, ICT Policy Commission
Bairro da Coop
Rua Particular Dr. Antonio de Almeida
61 R/C Direito, Maputo
MoçambiqueTel: +258 21 309398
Fax: +258 21 302289

18. South Africa
Dr. Rubin PILLAY
Senior Lecturer
Department of Management53

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

University of Western Cape
Bellville, Capetown, South Africa
Tel: +21-959-3214
Fax: +21-391-3026
Email: rpillay@uwc.ac.za

Mr. Benson ZWIZWAI
Deputy Director
Institute of Development Studies
P. O. Box 880
Harare, Zimbabwe
Tel: +263 4 333341/3
Fax: +263 4 333345
Email: bmzwizwai@science.uz.ac.zw

19. Swaziland
Dr. Musa DUBE
Faculty of Agriculture
University of Swaziland
Luyengo Campus
P. O. Luyengo, Swaziland
Tel: +268 5283021-3
Fax: +268 5283021/5283441
Email: madube@agric.uniswa.sz

20. Tanzania
Ms. Bitrina D. DIYAMETT
Senior Scientific Officer
Tanzania Council for Science and Technology(COSTECH)
P.O. Box 32183
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tel: +007 222 700745/752
Cell: +007 748 420850
Fax: +007 222 775313
Email: bitrind@yahoo.com

21. Uganda
Prof. Joseph OBUA
Faculty of Forestry & Nature Conservation
Makerere University
P.O. Box 7062
Kampala, Uganda
Tel: +256 41 543 647
Fax: +256 41 533 574
Cell: +256 77 444 492
Email: obua@foresmuk.mak.ac.ug

22. Zambia
Ms. Charlotte M. WONANI
LecturerDevelopment Studies Dept.
University of Zambia
P.O. Box 32379
Lusaka, Zambia
Tel: +260 1 252514/292884
Fax: +260 1 253952
Email: cmwonani@yahoo.com

23. Zimbabwe
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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

Annex III: ATPS Board Members
Prof. Norah K. Olembo (Chair)
Executive Director,
African Biotechnology Stakeholders Forum
P. O. Box 66069
Nairobi 00800
Kenya
Tel: +254-20-444 4558
Fax: +254-20-444 8762
E-mail: absf@absfafrica.org

Dr. Osita Ogbu (Member, ex-officio)
Executive Director, ATPS
3rd Floor, The Chancery, Valley Rd.
P.O. Box 10081
Nairobi 00100, Kenya
Tel: +254-20-2714092/168/498 or 2723875(dir
Fax: +254-20-2714028
E-mail: oogbu@atpsnet.org or
ovoko@yahoo.com

Prof. Turner T. Isoun (Member)
Honourable Minister
Federal Ministry of Science and Technology
New Federal Secretariat
Shehu Shagari Way,
PMB 331 Abuja
Nigeria
Tel: +234-9-523 3397
Fax: +234-9-523 4390
E-mail: isoun@aol.com
Prof. Lynn Mytelka (Member)
Retired, Director UNU-INTECH
35, rue Lhomond
75005 Paris, France
CODE de LA PORTE: 357B
Tel: +33 1 47.07.37.90
Fax: +33 1 47.07.37.90
E-mail: lmytelka@cs.com

Prof. Oliver Saasa (Member)Managing Consultant
Premier Consult
P.O. Box 38163
Lusaka, Zambia
Tel: +260-1-290056
Telefax: +260-1-290581
E-mail: oliver-saasa@premier-consult.com
Prof. Sam M. Wangwe (Member)
Chairman, Daima Associates Limited
Daima House, Makumbusho Street,
Kijitonyama
P.O. Box 75027 Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania
Tel: +255-22-277 1954
Fax: +255-22-277 1949
Cell: +255-754-325 487
Email: swangwe@daima.co.tz orswangwe@yahoo.com

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2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

Annex IV: ATPS Secretariat Staff
Dr Osita Ogbu
Executive Director
Kennedy Auka
Finance & Administration Manager
Sheila Maina
Research Manager
Lily Aduke
Communications & Outreach Manager
Maurice Ochieng Bolo
Research Officer
Lucy Mwangi
Programme & Publications Administrator
Carol Thuku
Senior Secretary
Ruth WanjalaCommunications Assistant
Neema Nzimbi
Secretary/Administrative Assistant
Susan Hinga
Receptionist
Richard Muchesia
DriverMary Satsiru
Office Assistant56

2006 ATPS ANNUAL REPORT

Annex V: ATPS Donors
International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
Royal Dutch Government
SIDA/SAREC
Finnish Embassay
The Rockefeller Foundation
African Development Bank (ADB)The Carnegie Corporation of New YorkThe Opec Fund
Infodev
The World Bank
Ford Foundation
Coca-Cola Eastern Africa

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