੕ହ॥ड़টॠभেણఴधആ཮৲ඖি ஶ੘ 1叞‫ૈ؜‬ি ઉ౴ 21 ਎੃প৾‫؜‬2 ੦ຊে੟৾ଢ଼஢ਚ ᖺ௦࡟ṇᮌ㐍୕ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᬮ࡞ᆅᇦ࡛ࡣᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࠊᐮ෭࡞ᆅᇦ࡛ࡣᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢ⏕άྐࢆࡶࡘࢥ࢜ࣟࢠ㸰✀ࠊ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬ࡜ࢩࣂࢫࢬࡢ⦋ᗘ࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠺యࢧ࢖ࢬࡢኚ␗ࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓࠋᶓ㍈࡟⦋ᗘࠊ⦪㍈࡟యࢧ࢖ࢬࢆྲྀࡿ࡜ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ✀࡛ࡶศᕸࡢ໭㝈࠿ࡽ༡࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚యࢧ࢖ࢬࢆ♧ࡍ⥺ࡣୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࠊ㏵୰࡛
࠸ࡗࡓࢇୗࡀࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟༡࡟⾜ࡃ࡜ࡲࡓᑡࡋୖࡀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ㹼 ᖺࡀ⤒㐣ࡋࠊࡑࡢ㛫࡟ᬮ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇࡔ୰࡛ࠊࡇࡢࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࡀ࡝࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࢩࣂࢫࢬ࡛ࡣࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࡣ⣙  ᗘ໭ୖࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦࡜஧ୡ௦ࡢ⏕άྐࡢቃ⏺ࡀ໭ୖࡋࡓ
ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௚᪉ࠊ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬ࡛ࡣࠊࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࡣ⣙  ᖺ๓࡜࡯ࡰྠࡌᙧࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦ࡛ሀᅛ࡟ඖࡢ⏕άྐࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ㏆⦕࡞㸰✀㛫࡛኱ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡣࠊᗂ⹸ࡢᡂ㛗ᮇ㛫ࢆㄪ⠇ࡍࡿග࿘ᛶࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᬮ໬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ༢⣧࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ◊✲ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋᬮ࡞ᆅᇦ࡛యࢧ࢖ࢬࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀ

࣋ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥࡢἲ๎࡜㏫࣋ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥࡢἲ๎
ෆື≀࡛ࡣ୍⯡࡟ࠊ✀ෆ࡛ࡶ㏆⦕࡞✀㛫࡛ࡶࠊᐮ෭࡞ᆅᇦ࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ᪉ࡀ

ᬮ࡞ᆅᇦ࡟⏕ᜥࡍ

ࡗ࡚ࠊ㏫࣋ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥࡢἲ๎ࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿ⏕⌮ᶵᵓࡢゎ᫂ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋ

ࡿࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶయࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱1967 ᖺ࡟ṇᮌ㐍୕ࡣࡸࡣࡾᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ࢚

ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸯A㸧
ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ1847 ᖺ࡟ Christian࣐ࣥࢥ࢜ࣟࢠ Teleogryllus emma ࡛ࡶࠊᡂ⹸ࡢయࢧBergmann ࡀ㏆⦕࡞␗✀㛫࡛ሗ࿌ࡋࡓ⌧㇟࡛ࠊ࣋ࣝࢡ࢖ࢬࡣ⦋ᗘࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝ᑠࡉ࠸ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㏫࣋ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥ

࣐ࣥࡢἲ๎㸦つ๎㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ᗈࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ኱ࡁ࠸ࡢἲ๎࡟ᚑ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ 3ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ṇᮌࡣࠊ࡯࡝య㔜࡟ᑐࡍࡿయ⾲㠃✚ࡢ๭ྜࡀᑠࡉࡃࠊᐮ෭ᆅ࡛᪥ᮏྛᆅ࡛᥇㞟ࡋࡓ࢚࣐ࣥࢥ࢜ࣟࢠࢆᐇ㦂ᐊࡢ୍ᐃࡢෆ᮲௳࡛㣫⫱ࡋࠊྠࡌື≀ࡢయ⥔ᣢ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㐺ᛂ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᗘ࡛ࡶప⦋ᗘᆅᇦࡢࡶࡢࡣᗂ⹸ᮇ㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃࠊ኱ࡁࡃᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᪻⹸ࢆྵࡴእື≀࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢἲ๎ࡣ࠶࡚ప⦋ᗘᆅᇦࡢࡶࡢࡣ㛗᪥࡛ⴭࡋࡃᗂ⹸ᮇ㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1949 ᖺ࡟ Orlandoࡿග࿘ᛶࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊప⦋ᗘᆅᇦࡢࢥ࢜ࣟࢠࡣᡂ

Park ࡣ ࠊ ᖺ 㛫 ୍ ୡ ௦ ࡢ ໭ ࢔ ࣓ ࣜ ࢝ ࡢ ࢦ ࣑ ࣒ ࢩ㛗ྍ⬟࡞㛗࠸ᮇ㛫ࢆࡺࡗࡃࡾ࡜ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚኱ࡁ࡞ᡂ⹸

Dicaelus purpuratus ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⦋ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ᐮ෭࡞ᆅ

࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᡂ㛗࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⎔ቃᇦ࡯࡝ᡂ⹸ࡢయࢧ࢖ࢬࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋࠊࡇࡢ㛵ᗘࡢ┤᥋ⓗᙳ㡪ࡔࡅ࡛ᡂ⹸ࡢయࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

ಀࢆ㏫࣋ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥࡢἲ๎࡜࿧ࢇࡔ㸦ᅗ㸯B㸧1ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦ࡟㐺ࡋࡓᡂ㛗ᵝᘧࢆ㑇ࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞㐺ᛂࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ

ఏⓗ࡟ഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊṇᮌࡣࠊ㏫

ࡓෆື࣋ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥࡢἲ๎ࡣࠊD. purpuratus ࡸ࢚࣐ࣥࢥ࢜ࣟ≀ࡢ᪻⹸ࡀᡂ㛗࡛ࡁࡿᮇ㛫ࡀ㛗࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶ࡆࡓࠋ⏕ែࢠࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢ⏕άྐࢆࡶࡕࠊ᫓࠿ࡽ⛅ࡲ࡛Ꮫⓗ࡞㐺ᛂ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡛ࡣ⣡ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊᆅᇦⓗ࡟㑇ࡢ㛗࠸ᮇ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚฼⏝ྍ⬟࡞㣵ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ✀࡟ఏⓗ࡟㐪࠸ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊ ᗘࡸග࿘ᮇ㸦᪥㛗㸧࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᡂࡳࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊᖺ㛫」ᩘୡ௦ࡶࡘ✀ࠊኟࡢᬬ࠸᫬ᮇ㛗ࢆㄪ⠇ࡍࡿ≉ู࡞ࡋࡃࡳࢆࡶࡓ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤࠊ ᬮ࡞ࢆఇ╀ࡋ࡚㐣ࡈࡍ✀ࠊỴࡲࡗࡓ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡋ࠿ᗂ⹸ࡢ㣵ࡀᆅᇦ࡯࡝᪩ࡃᡂ㛗ࢆ⤊࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊእື฼⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸✀࡟ࡣ㐺⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋᗘ-ࢧ࢖ࢬ๎ࠖ2 ࡀ➹⪅ࡽࡣࠊᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦࡛᫓࠿ࡽ⛅ࡲ࡛㣵ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ✀≀ࡣపື≀ࡢሙྜ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ ᬮ࡞ᆅᇦ࡯࡝እ࡯࡝኱ࡁࡃ⫱ࡘ࡜࠸࠺ࠕᥦၐࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘ࡞ࡽࠊࡴࡋࢁ

࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ㏫࣋ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥࡢἲ๎࡟ᚑࢃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࠶‫ݩ‬numata.hideharu.8r@kyoto-u.jp᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫ㻌㼂㼛㼘㻚㻞㻣㻘㻌㻺㼛㻚㻌㻞㻌㻔㻞㻜㻞㻝㻕㻣㻢ᅗ㸯 ື≀࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞యࢧ࢖ࢬ࡜⦋ᗘࡢ㛵ಀࠋ㸦$㸧࣋ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥࡢἲ๎ࡣከࡃࡢෆ ື≀࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊእ ື≀࡟ࡣ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦%㸧㏫࣋ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥࡢἲ๎ࡀᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢ᪻⹸࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊᗂ⹸ࡢᡂ㛗࡟౑࠼ࡿ ࠿࠸Ꮨ⠇ࡢ㛗ࡉࡀప⦋ᗘ࡯࡝㛗ࡃࠊ㛗࠸ᮇ㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚኱ࡁ࡞ᡂ⹸࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦&㸧ṇᮌࡢࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࡀ⦋ᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᖺ㛫ୡ௦ᩘࡀ␗࡞ࡿ᪻⹸࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊᖺ㛫ୡ௦ᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡿ⦋ᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ୡ௦࠶ࡓࡾࡢᡂ㛗࡟౑࠼ࡿᮇ㛫ࡀᛴ⃭࡟▷ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㯮ሬࡾࡢྎᙧࡣ ᗘࡀపࡃᡂ㛗࡟౑࠼࡞࠸Ꮨ⠇ࠊୗྥࡁࡢ▮༳ࡣ୍ୡ௦ࡢᮇ㛫ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋࡗ࡚ࡶ࠾࠿ࡋࡃ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ௨ୖࡣࡍ࡭ࢇࡔࢥ࢜ࣟࢠࡣࠊ࢚࣐ࣥࢥ࢜ࣟࢠࡸࢶࢷࣞࢧࢭࢥ࡚࢜ࣟࠕᡂ⹸ࡢయࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ⏘༸ᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡿࢠ࡞࡝኱ࡁࡃ࡚ᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ࡞࡝ࡑࢀ࡟ࡳ࠶࠺ࡔࡅ㐺ᛂᗘࡀୖࡀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺๓ᥦ࡛࠸ࡎࢀࡶ༸ࡀᚲࡎఇ╀࡟ධࡗ࡚㉺෤ࡋࠊ᫓࡟Ꮴ໬ࡋࡓ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ୍ᐃࡢయࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ㔜せ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡼࡾ኱ࡁࡃᗂ⹸ࡣ⛅ࡲ࡛࠿ࡅ࡚ᡂ㛗ࡋࠊ⛅ࡢኪ࡟ࡣ⨾ࡋ࠸㬆ࡁኌ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐺ᛂᗘࡀୖࡀࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊูࡢᡓ␎ࢆ࡜ࢆ⪺࠿ࡏ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬ࡜ࢩࣂࢫࡿࡣࡎࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࢬࡣᑠࡉࡃࠊ኱㜰࡛ࡣᡂ⹸ࡣᖺ࡟஧ᅇぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ኱㜰ࡇࡇ࡛♧ࡋࡓ࣋ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥࡢἲ๎ࡸ㏫࣋ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥࡢ

ࡢ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬࡣࠊ㛗᪥࡛⫱ࡘ࡜㠀ఇ╀༸ࢆࠊ▷᪥࡛⫱ἲ๎ࡢࡶ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠕ⏕≀ࡢศᕸᇦෆ࡟タᐃࡋࡓ⥺࡟ἢࡘ࡜ఇ╀༸ࢆ⏘ࡴ࡜࠸࠺ග࿘ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࠊ㔝እ࡛ࡣ㸵᭶ࡗ࡚ࡳࡽࢀࡿ⾲⌧ᆺࡸ㑇ఏᏊࡢ㢖ᗘࡢኚ໬ࠖࢆࢡࣛ࢖㡭࡜㸷᭶㡭࡟ᡂ⹸ࡀぢࡽࢀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ㠀ఇ╀༸ࠊఇ╀ࣥ࡜࿧ࡪࠋ༸ࢆ⏘ࡴ 6ࠋࢩࣂࢫࢬࡶྠᵝࡢග࿘ᛶࠊ⏕άྐࢆ♧ࡍࠋึኟ࡟ࢥ࢜ࣟࢠࡀ㬆ࡃࡢࡣពእ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࢪ࣮࡜࠸࠺ᆅ࿡࡞㬆ࡁኌ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆᴦࡋࡴேࡣ࡯࡜ṇᮌࡢࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥᖺ㛫ୡ௦ᩘࡀ⦋ᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿ✀࡛ࡣ㏫࣋ࣝࢡ࣐ࣥࡢἲ๎࡟࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸࡜ணࡋࡓṇᮌࡣࠊ༡すࢇ࡝࠸࡞࠸ࠋṇᮌࡣ஧ୡ௦ᆅᇦ࡛ࡣ⛅ࡢᡂ⹸ࢆ᥇㞟ࡋࡓࠋᬮ࡞ᆅᇦ࡛ࡣᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࠊ໭ᮾ᪥ᮏࡢᐮ෭࡞ṇᮌࡣࡍ࡛࡟ 1967 ᖺࡢㄽᩥ࡛ࠊᖺ㛫ୡ௦ᩘࡀ⦋ᗘᆅᇦ࡛ࡣᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢ⏕άྐࢆࡶࡘࢥ࢜ࣟࢠ㸰✀ࠊ࣐࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿ✀࡛ࡣࠊ⦋ᗘ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚యࢧ࢖ࢬࡣࢪࢢ

ࢲࣛࢫࢬ Dianemobius nigrofasciatus 㸦ᙜ᫬ࡢᏛྡࢨࢢ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸦ᅗ㸯C㸧3ࠊண᝿㏻ࡾࡢ

ࡣ Pteronemobius fascipes㸧
࡜ࢩࣂࢫࢬ Polionemobi-ࢢࣛࣇࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰Aࠊᅗ㸱A ࡢⓑ୸࡜◚⥺㸧7, 8ࠋ

us mikado㸦ᙜ᫬ࡢᏛྡࡣ Pteronemobius taproba-࡞࠾ࠊయࢧ࢖ࢬࡣ࣓ࢫࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊᆅ⌮ⓗnensis㸧ࡢᡂ⹸ࢆ㔝እ࡛᥇㞟ࡋ࡚యࢧ࢖ࢬࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ 4,࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ᅗ࡟ࡣ࢜ࢫࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ

5ࠋ኱㜰࡛⫱ࡗࡓ➹⪅ࡢ୍ே἟⏣ࡀᏊ࡝ࡶࡢࡇࢁぶࡋࡳࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ✀࡛ࡶศᕸࡢ໭㝈࠿ࡽ༡࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ

᪥ᮏࡢ᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫ㻌㼂㼛㼘㻚㻞㻣㻘㻌㻺㼛㻚㻌㻞㻌㻔㻞㻜㻞㻝㻕㻣㻣ᅗ㸰  ᖺ௦࡜  ᖺ௦ࡢࢩࣂࢫࢬࡢ࢜ࢫࡢ㢌ᖜ㸦$㸧࡜ᡂ㛗࡟౑࠼ࡿ ᗘ㸦%㸧ࠋ㸦$㸧㢌ᖜ࡜⦋ᗘࡢ㛵ಀࠋ୍ࡘࡢ୸ࡀ୍ࡘࡢ᥇㞟ᆅⅬ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㢌ᖜࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ ᖺ௦ࡢ㢌ᖜࡢᖹᆒ್ࡣ 0DVDNL
 ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ ࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᖺ௦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢫࣉࣛ࢖ࣥ᭤⥺ࢆ࠶࡚ࡣࡵࠊࡇࡢ᭤⥺ࡢฝࡢⅬࢆᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢࡳࡢ⏕άྐࡢ༡㝈ࠊพࡢⅬࢆᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࡢࡳࡢ⏕άྐࡢ໭㝈࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㸦%㸧᥇㞟ᆅⅬࡢ୰࠿ࡽ㑅ࢇࡔ  ᆅⅬ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊ୍ᖺ㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕᡂ㛗࡟౑࠼ࡿ ᗘࡢ⥲࿴ࡢᖹᆒ್ࠋ᪥ẖࡢẼ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣẼ㇟ᗇ࡟ࡼࡿグ㘓࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࠋ࡚యࢧ࢖ࢬࢆ♧ࡍ⥺ࡣୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࠊ㏵୰࡛࠸ࡗࡓࢇࣛࢫࢬ Dianemobius fascipes ࠊࢿࢵࢱ࢖ࢩࣂࢫࢬୗࡀࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟༡࡟⾜ࡃ࡜ࡲࡓᑡࡋୖࡀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ௨

Polionemobius taprobanensis ࡜ู✀࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡭࡚ࡢಶయࡀᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞༸ఇ╀ࡣࡶࡓࡎ⏕άྐࡶ␗࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᮏ✏࡛⏕άྐࢆ♧ࡍ⠊ᅖ࡛ࠊ໭࠿ࡽ༡࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚యࢧ࢖ࢬࡀࡣᅗ࠾ࡼࡧ㆟ㄽࡢᑐ㇟࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋࡓࠋ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࢚࣐ࣥࢥ࢜ࣟࢠࡢሙྜ࡜ྠࡌ࡛ྠࡌ୍ୡ௦ࡢ୰࡛ࡼࡾ㛗࠸ᮇ㛫ᡂ㛗ྍ⬟ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋḟ࡟ୗࡀࡿࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡣᖺ㛫୍ᬮ໬ࡢᙳ㡪㏆ᖺࠊ ᬮ໬ࡢၥ㢟ࡣ♫఍ⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚ୡ௦࡜ᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦୧᪉ࡢࡶࡢࡀΰᅾࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ༡࡟ྥ࠸ࡿࠋ ᬮ໬࡟ࡣࠊ໬▼⇞ᩱࡢᾘ㈝࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠺

࠿ࡗ࡚ᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࡢࡶࡢࡢẚ⋡ࡀᚎࠎ࡟ୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸

ᯝ࢞ࢫ᤼ฟࡢቑຍ࡟ࡼࡿᆅ⌫つᶍࡢࡃࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋྠࡌᗘ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ஧ୡ

ቃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿேⅭⓗኚ໬ࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅᅵᆅ⿕そࡢᨵኚ࡟ࡼ

௦⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ࡯࠺ࡀୡ௦࠶ࡓࡾࡢᡂ㛗࡟౑࠼ࡿࣄ࣮ࢺ࢔࢖ࣛࣥࢻࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ➹⪅ࡢ୍ே἟⏣ࡣࡿᮇ㛫ࡀ▷࠸ࡓࡵࠊయࢧ࢖ࢬࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨๓࡟኱㜰ࡢࢡ࣐ࢮ࣑ࡢ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࣄ࣮ࢺ࢔࢖ࣛࡉࡽ࡟༡࡟⾜ࡃ࡜෌ࡧయࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡍࣥࢻࡀ᪻⹸࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡗࡓ࡭࡚ࡀᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࡢ⏕άྐࢆ♧ࡍ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡀ

12, 13ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊᆅ⌫つᶍࡢᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢ⏕άྐࢆ♧ࡍ⠊ᅖ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ༡࡟⾜ࡃ࡯ࢻࡢ୧᪉ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊṇᮌࡀࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࢆ࡝ࡼࡾ㛗࠸ᮇ㛫ᡂ㛗ࡀྍ⬟ࡔ࠿ࡽ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚௨ᚋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊ༸ఇ╀ࡢㄏᑟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿග࿘ᛶ࡜ᗂᬒ࡟ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦࡢẼೃࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ ᬮ໬ࡣࡇ⹸ࡢᡂ㛗ᮇ㛫࡟ᑐࡍࡿග࿘ᛶࡀᆅᇦ㞟ᅋ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗ࢀࡽࡢࢥ࢜ࣟࢠࡢࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 4, 7-9ࠋṇᮌࡀࡇࢀࡽ㸰✀ࡢࢥ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡇࡢ␲ၥࢆࡶࡗࡓࡢࡀࠊࡇࢀ࢜ࣟࢠࡢయࢧ࢖ࢬ࡟࠾࠸࡚♧ࡋࡓࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥ࠿ࡽ⤂௓ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡢⓎ➃࡛࠶ࡿࠋṇᮌࡣ୍ே࡛඲ᅜྛࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋ௚ࡢ᪻⹸࡛ࡶぢࡘ࠿ࡾᗈࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇᆅࢆゼࢀࠊ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬ࡛ࡣ 1965 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 1970 ᖺࠊࢩ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ 10, 11ࠋࣂࢫࢬ࡛ࡣ 1969 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 1976 ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ᡂ⹸ࢆ᥇࡞࠾ࠊṇᮌࡢ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬ࡜ࢩࣂࢫࢬࡢㄽᩥ࡛ள⇕ᖏᆅᇦ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ࣑ࢼ࣑࣐ࢲᐊຠᬮ໬࡜ࠊ㒔ᕷ⎔ᬮ໬࡜ࣄ࣮ࢺ࢔࢖ࣛࣥᬮ໬ࡣⴭࡋࡃ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ⏕άྐࡢ⫼㞟ࡋࡓࠋ➹⪅ࡽࡣࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᬮ໬ࡢᙳ㡪࡟⯆࿡ࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡓ඲ᅜྛᆅࡢ௰㛫ࡓࡕ㸦⸨⏣ㅍࠊ᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫ㻌㼂㼛㼘㻚㻞㻣㻘㻌㻺㼛㻚㻌㻞㻌㻔㻞㻜㻞㻝㻕㻣㻤ᅗ㸱  ᖺ௦࡜  ᖺ௦ࡢ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬࡢ࢜ࢫࡢ㢌ᖜ㸦$㸧࡜ᡂ㛗࡟౑࠼ࡿ ᗘ㸦%㸧ࠋ㸦$㸧㢌ᖜ࡜⦋ᗘࡢ㛵ಀࠋ ᖺ௦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍ࡘࡢ㯮୸ࡀ୍ࡘࡢ᥇㞟ᆅⅬ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㢌ᖜࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ ᖺ௦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍ࡘࡢⓑ୸ࡀ໭⦋  ᗘࡢᖜ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ᥇㞟ᆅⅬ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㢌ᖜࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ⾲ࡋࠊࡇࡢ್ࡣ 0DVDNL  ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ ࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᖺ௦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢫࣉࣛ࢖ࣥ᭤⥺ࢆ࠶࡚ࡣࡵࠊࡇࡢ᭤⥺ࡢฝࡢⅬࢆᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢࡳࡢ⏕άྐࡢ༡㝈ࠊพࡢⅬࢆᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࡢࡳࡢ⏕άྐࡢ໭㝈࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㸦%㸧᥇㞟ᆅⅬࡢ୰࠿ࡽ㑅ࢇࡔ  ᆅⅬ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊ୍ᖺ㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕᡂ㛗࡟౑࠼ࡿ ᗘࡢ⥲࿴ࡢᖹᆒ್ࠋ᪥ẖࡢẼ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣẼ㇟ᗇ࡟ࡼࡿグ㘓࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࠋ

⏣୰୍⿱ࠊΏᗣᙪࠊ᪂㇂႐⣖ࠊᚋ⸨ៅ௓ࠊすᮧ▱Ⰻࠊࣛ࢖ࣥࡣࡼࡾ໭࡟ࢩࣇࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰A ࡢ㯮୸࡜ᐇἨὒᖹ㸧࡜ඹྠ࡛⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࢩࣂࢫࢬ࡛ࡣ 2015 ᖺ⥺㸧15ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ1970 ᖺ௦ࡢṇᮌ࡟ࡼࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ࠿ࡽ 2017 ᖺࡢ㸱ᖺ㛫ࠊ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬ࡛ࡣ 2018 ᖺࡲ࡛ࢪࢢࢨࢢࡢฝࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢࡳࡢ⏕άྐࢆ࡜ࡢ 4 ᖺ㛫࡜࠸࠺ẚ㍑ⓗ▷ᮇ㛫࡟ᡂ⹸ࢆ᥇㞟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡿ༡㝈ࡣ໭⦋ 38 ᗘࠊࢪࢢࢨࢢࡢพࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᖺ㛫஧ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࢥ࢜ࣟࢠࡢయࢧ࢖ࢬ࡜᭩࠸࡚ࡁࡓୡ௦ࡢࡳࡢ⏕άྐࢆ࡜ࡿ໭㝈ࡣ໭⦋ 33.5 ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ

ࡀࠊලయⓗ࡟ᐃࡍࡿࡢࡣ㢌㒊ࡢᖜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ

ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ2010 ᖺ௦ࡢ➹⪅ࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ⭡㒊ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣᦤ㣗ࡸ༸ᕢⓎ㐩ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡛ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡢ

໭⦋ 40 ᗘ࡜ 35.5 ᗘ࡜ࠊ2 ᗘ໭ഃ࡟ࢩࣇࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࡛ࠊయ㛗ࡣయࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᣦᶆ࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㢌ᖜࡣᡂ⹸ࢩࣂࢫࢬࡢᗂ⹸ࡢᡂ㛗ࡀྍ⬟࡞ୗ㝈࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡽኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊูࡢேࡀࡓࠊᡂ㛗࡟౑࠼ࡿ᭷ຠ✚⟬ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ࡞ࡃࡍࡓࡵࠊ㢌ᖜࡢᐃࡣᯇ⏣ࡀࡍ࡭࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋᗘ࠿ࡽ᥎ᐃࡋᗘࡶࡇࡢ㛫ࡢᬮ໬࡟࡜

ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚ቑຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⦋ᗘ࡛࠸࠺࡜⣙ 2 ᗘ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸦ᅗ㸰B㸧ࠊࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࡢࢩࣇࢺࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡜ࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࢩࣂࢫࢬ࡛ࡣ 40 ᖺࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࡢኚ໬◊✲ࢆጞࡵࡿ๓ࡢ➹⪅ࡽࡢண᝿ࡢ୰୍࡛␒᭷ຊ࡜㛫࡟ᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢᆅᇦ࡜ᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࡢᆅᇦࡢቃ⏺ࡀ
2 ᗘ໭ୖࡋࡓ࡜⤖ㄽࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢཎᅉࡣ

ᬮ໬ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ

⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ ᗘ᮲௳ࡀチࡏࡤୡ௦ᩘࡀከ࠸࡯࠺

ࡀ㧗࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ᗘࡣ┤᥋ᡂ㛗࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡟㐍໬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ཎ๎ 14 ࠿ࡽ᥎ᐃࡋ࡚ࠊᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡋࠊග࿘ᛶࡢ⮫⏺᪥㛗࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᆅᇦ࡜ᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࡢᆅᇦࡢቃ⏺ࡀ໭ୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࡢࢩࣇࢺࡣ㑇ఏⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡏࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࡣ㧗࠸⦋ᗘഃ࡟ࡎ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡓ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊᑡࡋయࢧ࢖ࢩࣇࢺࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࢬࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶୡ௦ᩘࡀከ࠸ࡶࡢࡀ㑇ఏᏊࢆከ➹⪅ࡽࡣࠊ໭ࡣ໭ᾏ㐨ᒾぢἑᕷ㸦໭⦋ 43.2 ᗘ㸧࠿ࡽ༡ࡣ㮵ඣᓥ┴ᣦᐟᕷ㸦໭⦋ 31.2 ᗘ㸧ࡲ࡛ࡢ 57 ᆅⅬࡃṧࡍ࡜࠸࠺Ὲửᅽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ40 ᖺ㛫࡜࠸࠺ẚ㍑ⓗ▷࠸ᮇ㛫࡟㐍໬ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡛᥇㞟ࡋࡓࢩࣂࢫࢬࡢ㢌ᖜࢆࠊ40 ᩘᖺ๓ࡢṇᮌࡢࡶḟ࡟➹⪅ࡽࡣࠊ໭ࡣ໭ᾏ㐨బ࿅㛫⏫㸦໭⦋ 44.1 ᗘ㸧ࡢ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᙜึࡢண᝿㏻ࡾࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡ࠿ࡽ༡ࡣ㮵ඣᓥ┴ᣦᐟᕷ㸦໭⦋ 31.2 ᗘ㸧ࡲ࡛ࡢ 62 ᆅ᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫ㻌㼂㼛㼘㻚㻞㻣㻘㻌㻺㼛㻚㻌㻞㻌㻔㻞㻜㻞㻝㻕㻣㻥ᅗ㸲 ࢩࣂࢫࢬ࡜࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬࡢ㛫࡛ࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࡢኚ໬ࡀ␗࡞ࡿཎᅉࡢ௬ㄝࠋ
㸦$㸧ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞᪥㛗࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡇࢀࡽ㸰✀ࡢᗂ⹸ࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ᡂ㛗㏿ᗘࠋࢩࣂࢫࢬ࡛ࡣ  ᫬㛫᪥㛗ࠊ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬ࡛ࡣ  ᫬㛫᪥㛗࡟࠾ࡅࡿᡂ㛗㏿ᗘࢆᇶ‽㸦┦ᑐ್ 㸧࡜ࡋࡓࠋࢩࣂࢫࢬࡣ໭⦋ í ᗘࠊ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬࡣ໭⦋ í ᗘࡢᆅᇦ㞟ᅋࡢࡶࡢࢆᅗ
♧ࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࠊ࡜ࡶ࡟ᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦࡜ᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࡢ⏕άྐࡀΰᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦0DVDNL ࠾ࡼࡧ 0DVDNL ࢆᨵ⦅㸧ࠋ㸦%㸧ࡇࢀࡽ  ✀࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖺ㛫ୡ௦ᩘࡢኚ໬ࡢᶍᘧᅗࠋᏤ໬ࡀ᪩ࡲࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᗂ⹸ࡣ  ᫬㛫⛬ᗘࡢ᪥㛗ࢆࡼࡾ㛗ࡃ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊࢩࣂࢫࢬࡢᡂ㛗ࢆ᪩ࡵࡿ୍᪉࡛࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬࡢᡂ㛗ࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡿࠋ㯮ሬࡾࡢᅄゅᙧࡣ ᗘࡀపࡃᡂ㛗࡟౑࠼࡞࠸Ꮨ⠇ࠊ▮༳ࡣᗂ⹸ࡢᡂ㛗ᮇ㛫ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ

Ⅼ࡛᥇㞟ࡋࡓ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬࡢ㢌ᖜࢆࠊ⣙ 50 ᖺ๓ࡢṇᮌᛂࡣ⦋ᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ 4, 8ࠋࡢࡶࡢ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋᙜึࠊ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬࡣࢩࣂࢫࢬ࡜ఝ

ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ✀࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㧗⦋ᗘ࡛ᖺ㛫୍ୡࡓࡼ࠺࡞⏕άྐࢆࡶࡘࡢ࡛ࠊྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞⤖ᯝ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜௦ᆅᇦࡢ㞟ᅋ࡛ࡣ㛗᪥࡟࠾࠸࡚ᗂ⹸ᮇ㛫ࡀ㛗࠸ࠋࡇࡢண᝿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࡇࡢண᝿࡟཯ࡋ࡚ࠊᚓࡽࢀࡓ㛗᪥࡟ࡼࡿᗂ⹸ᮇ㛫ࡢᘏ㛗ࡀศᕸࡢ໭㝈࠿ࡽ༡࡬ୗࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ࢖ࣥࡣṇᮌࡢࡶࡢ࡜ぢ஦࡟୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡯࡝኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢሙྜ࡟ࠊ᫓࠿ࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱A ࡢ㯮୸࡜ᐇ⥺㸧16ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ1960 ᖺ௦ࡽኟࡢ᪩࠸᫬ᮇ࡟ᗂ⹸ࡀᡂ㛗ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟యࢧ࢖ࢬࢆࡢṇᮌࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡶࠊ2010 ᖺ௦ࡢ➹⪅ࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡶࢪ኱ࡁࡃࡍࡿࡋࡃࡳ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࢩࣂࢫࢬ࡛ࡣᖺ㛫୍ࢢࢨࢢࡢฝࡣ໭⦋ 40 ᗘࠊࢪࢢࢨࢢࡢพࡣ໭⦋ 36.5 ᗘୡ௦࡜஧ୡ௦ࡢ⏕άྐࡢΰᅾࡍࡿᆅᇦࡢ༡㝈࡟࠶ࡓ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢩࣂࢫࢬ࡜ࡣ᥇㞟ࡋࡓᖺ࡟ࢃࡎ࠿࡞㐪࠸ࡀ

ࡿ໭⦋ 35 ᗘ࡛ࠊ㛗᪥࡟ࡼࡿᗂ⹸ᮇ㛫ࡢᘏ㛗ࡀࡶࡗ࡜࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊᡂ㛗࡟౑࠼ࡿ᭷ຠ✚⟬ࡶ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ 8ࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬ࡛ࡣࠊ㛗᪥࡟ᗘࡣྠᵝ࡟ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱B㸧ࠋᡂ㛗࡟౑࠼ࡿ᭷ຠ✚⟬ᗘࡀቑࡼࡿᗂ⹸ᮇ㛫ࡢᘏ㛗ࡣᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢࡳࡢ⏕άྐࢆ♧ຍࡋࡓࡀୡ௦ᩘࡀኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊᬮ࠿ࡉࢆ᭷ຠά⏝ࡍᆅᇦ࡟㝈ࡽࢀࠊᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦࡜஧ୡ௦ࡢ⏕άྐࡢΰᅾࡍࢀࡤయࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࢪࢢࢨࢢࢡࣛ

ࡍࡿ໭⦋ 38 ᗘ௨༡ࡢ㞟ᅋ࡛ࡣ㛗᪥࡜▷᪥ࡢ୰㛫࡛࠶࢖ࣥࡢ⦋ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ఩⨨ࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢୖ࡟ࢩ

ࡿ 14 ᫬㛫᪥㛗࡛ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶᗂ⹸ᮇ㛫ࡀ㛗࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࣐ࢲࣇࢺࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬ࡛ࡣୖୗࣛࢫࢬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᗂ⹸ᮇ㛫ࡢ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿ᪥㛗࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡶࢩࣇࢺࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࣐ࢲࣛࡀ⦋ᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊᗂ⹸ࡢᡂ㛗ࡍࡿ᫬ᮇࡀᖺ

ࢫࢬࡢሙྜ 50 ᖺ⤒㐣ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛫࡟ᬮ໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢ⏕άྐ࡛ࡣ 15 ᫬㛫᪥㛗ࠊᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࡢ⏕࡚ࡶࠊྠࡌ⏕άྐࠊྠࡌయࢧ࢖ࢬࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜άྐ࡛ࡣ 14 ᫬㛫᪥㛗ࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟࠶ࡓࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡑࢀ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡒࢀࡢ᪥㛗ࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࡢᗂ⹸ᮇ㛫ࢆᘏ㛗ࡋ࡚యࢧ࢖ࢬ➹⪅ࡽࡣࠊࡇࡢ㸰✀ࡢ㛫࡛ࠊⴭࡋࡃ⤖ᯝࡀ㐪ࡗࡓࡇࢆ኱ࡁࡃࡍࡿࡋࡃࡳ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ 4ࠋ࡜࡟ᡞᝨࡗࡓࠋ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐪࠸ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡢࡇࡢṇᮌࡢᣦ᦬ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ➹⪅ࡽࡣࠊࢩࣂࢫࢬࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ᪤࡟ṇᮌ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ㸰✀ࡢᗂ⹸ࡢᡂ㛗࡜࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬࡢᗂ⹸ᮇ㛫ࢆㄪ⠇ࡍࡿග࿘ᛶࡢ㐪࠸ࡀࠊᮇ㛫ࡣග࿘ᮇ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄪ⠇ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡋ࠿ࡶࡑࡢ཯ᬮ໬࡟ᑐࡋ࡚␗࡞ࡿᛂ⟅ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⪃᫬㛫⏕≀Ꮫ㻌㼂㼛㼘㻚㻞㻣㻘㻌㻺㼛㻚㻌㻞㻌㻔㻞㻜㻞㻝㻕㻤㻜࠼࡚࠸ࡿ 16ࠋᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦࡜ᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࡢΰᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࠋᆅᇦࡢ⏕άྐࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ➹⪅ࡢ୍ே἟⏣ࡀ◊✲ࢆጞࡵࡓᙜ᫬ࠊẖᖺࡢᏛ఍࡛

ࢩࣂࢫࢬࡣࠊ14 ᫬㛫᪥㛗ࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡼࡾ㛗࠸᪥ṇᮌ㐍୕ࡉࢇ࡟࠾఍࠸ࡋ࡚⮬ศࡢ◊✲ࢆሗ࿌ࡋࠊࡑࢀ㛗࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᡂ㛗ࡀ㏿࠸㸦ᅗ㸲A ࡢ㯮୸࡜ᐇ⥺㸧8,9ࠋ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ពぢࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡢࡀᴦࡋࡳ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᬮ໬࡟ࡼࡾ㉺෤༸ࡢᏤ໬ࡀ 1970 ᖺ௦ࡼࡾ᪩ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡲࡓࡁࡧࡋ࠸ࡈᣦ᦬ࡀᛧࡃࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡢ◊✲ࢆጞࡣࡎࡢ 2010 ᖺ௦࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢග࿘ᛶࡣ㉺෤༸࠿ࡽ⫱ࡗࡵࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࡈ㐃⤡ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊࠕఱ࡜࠿ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ⏕ࡁࡓᡂ⹸ࡢ⩚໬ࢆࡼࡾ୍ᒙ᪩ࡵࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ᘏࡧ࡚ࠊᡂᯝࢆぢࡓ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺࠺ࢀࡋ࠸㏉஦ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡽࡤࠊᏤ໬ࡀ᪩ࡲࡿࡇ࡜࡛㉺෤༸࠿ࡽᏤ໬ࡋࡓᗂ⹸ࡣ

࠸ࡓࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ 2017 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 28 ᪥࡟ஸࡃ࡞ࡾࠊᡂ

ᡂ㛗㏿ᗘࡢ኱ࡁ࠸ 14 ᫬㛫⛬ᗘࡢ᪥㛗࡟ࡼࡾ㛗ࡃࡉࡽᯝࢆࡈሗ࿌ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࡜࡚ࡶṧࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚᪩ࡃ⩚໬ࡋࡓ㉺෤ୡ௦ࡣᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤫୍ⓗ࡞⌮ゎࡀᅔ㞴࡞⤖ᯝ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ṇ㠀ఇ╀༸ࢆ⏘ࡳࠊᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࡢࡶࡢࡀቑ࠼ࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋᮌࡉࢇ࡞ࡽ࡝࠺ゝࢃࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬ࡛ࡣࠊᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦࡜ᖺ㛫஧ୡ௦ࡢΰᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᆅᇦࡢ㞟ᅋࡣࠊ14 ᫬㛫ࡢ᪥㛗ࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡼࡾ㛗࠸᪥㛗࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᡂ㛗ࡀ㐜࠸㸦ᅗ㸲A ࡢⓑཧ⪃ᩥ⊩୸࡜◚⥺㸧4, 9ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ

1.

ᬮ໬࡟ࡼࡾ㉺෤༸ࡢᏤ໬

Park,O.

Applicationoftheconverseࡀ᪩ࡲࡗ࡚ࡶ⩚໬ࡢ᪩ᮇ໬ࡣࢩࣂࢫࢬ࡯࡝኱ࡁࡃ࡞

Bergmann principle to the carabid beetle,࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㉺෤ୡ௦࡟࠾࠸࡚㠀ఇ╀Dicaelus purpuratus. Physiol. Zool. 22, 350-༸ࢆ⏘ࡴࡶࡢࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊᖺ㛫୍ୡ௦ࡢ⏕ά

372 (1949).

ྐࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ௬ㄝ2.

Atkinson, D. Temperature and organismࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽ㸰✀ࡢᗂ⹸ࡢᡂ㛗㏿ᗘࢆㄪ⠇ࡍࡿග࿘ᛶࡀࠊVL]HɆD ELRORJLFDO ODZ IRU HFWRWKHUPV" Adv.

40 ᖺ௨ୖ๓࠿ࡽ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ኚࢃࡽࡎ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ

Ecol. Res. 25, 1-58 (1994).

࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢩࣟࣄࢺࣜ3.

ࡣࠊす᪥ᮏ࡟౵ධᚋ࠾ࡼࡑ 40 ᖺࡢ㛫࡟ࠊ⏕άྐࡀᖺ

adaptation in a field cricket (Orthoptera:Gryllidae). Evolution 21, 725-741 (1967).

㛫஧ୡ௦࠿ࡽ୕ୡ௦࡟ኚࢃࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ㛫࡟ఇ╀ㄏᑟࡢ⮫⏺᪥㛗ࡀ▷⦰ࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᗂ⹸ࡢᡂ㛗ࡶ㏿

Masaki, S. Geographic variation and climatic

4.

Masaki,S.

Climatic

adaptationandࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ 17ࠋࢩࣂࢫࢬ࡜࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬࡢ㐪࠸ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ

photoperiodic response in the band-leggedୖグࡢ௬ㄝࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࢩࣂࢫࢬ࡜࣐ࢲࣛࢫࢬࡢ

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