Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium for Color Science and Art 2020-2021

Comparative Analysis on the Effect of Illumination Color inClinical Environment of Preventive Care
Tsuyoshi Moriyama, Akihiro Hasegawa *, Shun Nakamura **, Naoshi Ogawa **,Ting Tao **, Tadaaki Kizu ***, and Hiroshi Sasaki ***Tokyo Polytechnic Univ., 1583 Iiyama, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0297, Japan* Toyo Eiwa University, 5-14-40 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0032, Japan** Corlab Inc., 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan*** KIZU Chiropractic, 3-8-6 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
color a counsellor should use in online therapy when he or
she make a patient relaxed or tell a personal confession.
This presentation first introduces the clinical dohsa
therapy with the anatomical interpretation and shows anexperimental result that demonstrates its efficacy when
conducted over the Internet.
Secondly, anotherexperimental results with respect to the effect of color usedin online therapy are shown where the background colorof a therapist varies.

ABSTRACTThe preventive care which we call in this work specifies
therapeutic counselling sessions for maintaining humanhealth from the mental aspect, which often takes place
online over the Internet under today’s circumstances with
COVID-19. Increasing occasions of telecommunication
require not only devices that provide immersive
environment but also knowledge of how to use them forrealizing such conversation that brings good therapy.
Although conventional film theory helps people being
aware of changing their nonverbal messages by theposition of their faces in the terminal window, the angle ofcamera to their faces, the background music, whichbackground color of the speaker affects how is left
unknown. This paper introduces the clinical dohsa therapy
as one of the authorized counselling methods inpsychology together with anatomical interpretation forinvestigating the efficacy of counselling over the Internet,
and show an experimental result of color effects during
therapeutic conversation.

2. CLINICAL DOHSA THERAPY
The clinical dohsa therapy divide the process of humanmotion into three steps, i.e., intention to make a specificmotion, effort to move the particular body part, and themotion produced as the result. The method was originallyapplied to cerebral palsy but now widely used for many
applications such as mental illness (autism, anxiety
disorder, and depression), health support (stiff shoulder),and even development of potential abilities of athletes.
2.1 Motion task
We picked the “shoulder-raising” task in this experiment.
While a client raises his/her shoulder (only right, only left,and both in order) slowly, the guide has him/her
experience both the sense of relaxation and that of selfcontrol. The guide may touch the client’s body when
conducted in person for checking if he/she tightens
appropriate muscle with appropriate power (it is notpossible when online).

1. INTRODUCTION
The clinical dohsa therapy is known as one of
psychological therapeutic methods that exploits body
motion[1]. The therapist uses verbal interaction with theclient that makes him/her focus on the physical state of
his/her own body and helps them improve the motion thatsimultaneously expects to strengthen their sense of selfexistence, self-affirmation, and stableness. The wholeprocess implements conceptual manipulation of body
motions that usually use onomatopoeia very often and it isalso conducted in person. Although the efficacy of theclinical dohsa therapy has already been established, its
execution over the Internet is quite new and experimental.
On the other hand, not limited to the clinical dohsa
therapy, therapy over the Internet, generally speaking,contains new factors because the attendees use cameraand microphone that physically truncate the real world thatis supposed to affect the quality of therapy. Manyexperimental facts have been piled up and summarized in
the film theory over a hundred year, that gives the formulaof what camera works bring what effects on the content
displayed on the screen (e.g., an image of a person takenfrom low angle gives the impression of the person beingstrong). But rules for color effects are not seen in film
theory, yet. No scientific explanation on what background

2.2 Anatomy of shoulder raising motion
Shoulder raising motion consists of 1) outer rotation ofclavicle (sa-kotsu) at the sternoclavicular joint, 2) innerrotation of scapula (kenko-kotsu) at the acromioclavicular
joint, and 3) inner rotation of humerus (jowan-kotsu) at theshoulder brachial joint. Also, the upper trapezius muscle(sobo-kin) and the levator scapula (kenko-kyokin) work
together for raising shoulders.
Clients who have the head bending to the same side of
the shoulder and the chest bending to the opposite
direction (coupling motion of shoulder raising motion) canmake the motion smoothly without any pain.
2.3 Experimental results of clinical dohsa therapy
OpenPose detects twenty-five key points trained onhuman body including those on neck, shoulders, andwaist[2]. Eq.(1) calculates the angles of left (𝑥𝑥2 , 𝑦𝑦2 ) andright (𝑥𝑥1 , 𝑦𝑦1 ) shoulders from the origin of the neck point(𝑥𝑥0 , 𝑦𝑦0 ) (positive when shoulders are raised).

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Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium for Color Science and Art 2020-2021

Fig. 1 Mean angles before and after clinical dohsa therapy, where “A” means subject #, “1-4” session (day) #, “both”
both shoulders, “left” left shoulder, and “right” right shoulder.

𝜃𝜃𝐿𝐿 = tan−1

𝑦𝑦0 − 𝑦𝑦2
𝑦𝑦0 − 𝑦𝑦1, 𝜃𝜃𝑅𝑅 = tan−1|𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑥0 ||𝑥𝑥1 − 𝑥𝑥0 |variety of personalities of the subjects, yet the variety ofhead motions and facial expressions indicated a trend.

(1)

Three female subjects (A, B, and C) attended theclinical dohsa therapy for separate four days and theresults for the subject A are shown in Fig. 1. She had herright shoulder low and her left shoulder high before thetherapy of the first day but they came to mostly horizontal
afterward. Also, the horizontal balance between bothshoulders continued later as well. Although individual
differences are seen, the feasibility of the clinical dohsa
therapy over the Internet has been demonstrated at acertain level.

4. DISCUSSION AND CONLUSION
The importance of maintaining the quality of humancommunication has become much stronger under thecircumstances with COVID-19. Conversation even among
friends has the function of a kind of therapy andmaximizing its efficacy is a big issue worldwide. This
research firstly demonstrated the efficacy of aconventional therapeutic method of the clinical dohsa
therapy using a teleconference system, and secondly
conducted an experiment that clarified the effect of thebackground color of a therapist. The preliminary results
assured the necessity of further investigation.

3. COLOR IN ONLINE THERAPYTo clarify what color affect what in the context oftherapeutic conversation, here changed the backgroundcolor of the therapist during conversation and measured
the amount and kind of body motions and the facial
expressions of the subjects. Head motions are known to
be larger when people are relaxed[3].
3.1 Experimental settings
The subjects were asked to prepare some bad news
from past a week or so beforehand and to share them withthe therapist during the online conversation. Each session
takes twenty minutes and the subjects were asked toanswer a questionnaire that asks the impression ofbackground color and the quality of conversation.
3.2 Results
The limited number of subjects were suffered from a(a) red background

5. REFERENCES[1] H. Fujino, "Subjective experience of Dohsa-hou
relaxation: a qualitative study," Asia Pacific Journalof Counselling and Psychotherapy, 4(1):66-75,(2013).
[2] Z. Cao, et al., "OpenPose: realtime multi-person 2D
pose estimation using Part Affinity Fields, " arXiv
preprint arXiv:1812.08008 (2018).
[3] T. Moriyama, A. Yoto, H. Yokogoshi, “Multimodal
Evaluation of Stress Level Affected by Beverage
Intakes,” International Journal of Affective
Engineering, 12(2):656-664, (2013).

(b) blue background(c) white backgroundFig. 2 A guide with colored background in online therapy.

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