Titania technology for the improvement of*Antifouling
Antifouling((photophoto--oxygenationoxygenation））*Transmittance*Anti
Anti--reflection

The information presented here represents our best available information andis believed to be reliable, but it does not constitute any guarantee or warranty.

Manufacturer:
Tel:81-3-5738-0837

Sustainable Titania Technology Inc

Fax:81-3-5738-0833

1

What is photophoto-oxygenation technology?
How the coated surface get positively charged and its mechanism

Surface B

Coating Surface

The electric conductor gets positive
charged by high-densed free electron
existing inside of the material.

Surface A

The dielectrics which exists besideto the conductor gets neutralized on theinterface and charges itself to bepolarized (=dielectric charged).

Conductor

dielectricConductor(conductive metal)(semiconductive metal/compound)(conductive metal)

The polarized charged phase is charged
negative(surface A), andthe other side gets positive(surface B).
Thus, the surface of the coated layer withno conductive layer is charged positive.
2

Characteristics of ＳＴｉ Photo-oxygenation technology①Completely inorganic （main material: Titanium Oxide compound）, long product durability (noresin binder)②Low influence for the substrate and for the production ( coating solution is made of water and/or
alcohol with pH 7-8)
③By only less than 0.１μm layer, great transparency improvement and super-hydrophilic
property (= great anti-fouling performance) should be developed.

The particles of TiO2 compound are insmall sphere shape with 2-10nm diameterand are point-jointed so that the coatedlayer becomes flexible and also durable
for the cracking by oscillation andbending the substrate.

=Amorphous
Si compounds
Conductive metals――The reason that STi’s Titania particles firmly are formed and bonded on thesubstrate is that peroxide =peroxy group repeatedly makes dehydrationcondensation reaction with O2 in the air and OH on the surface ofsubstrates(see Page 4)
STi’s Titania high coat Z does not have any other adhesion additive in it.

3

Visually explanation of bonding

Mechanism ofBonding

Dehydration-condensation reaction

Picture of glass /coated layer 80nm
By Laser microscope4Electrification of materials
Positive Charged
Aluminum Hydroxide
Ferric Hydroxide
Chromium Hydroxide
Oil & Fat oxidative productsMetal oxidative products
Barium Carbonate
Methyl Violet
Bismarck Brown
Methylene blue
Malachite green
Silicone rubber
Window glassNylon
Sheep’s wool

Negative charged
ChalkSulfur
Selenium
Tellurium
Arsenic Sulfide
Antimony Sulfide
Mercury Sulfide

Prussian blue
IndigoAniline Blue
Eosin
Naphthol Yellow
CottonNatural Rubber

China Clay(Kaolin)
Glass Powder
Asbestos
StarchMasticheArboreous Cotton
Silk5

Characteristics of STi photo-oxygenation high transparent coating material
STi’s photo-oxygenation high transparent coating material isneutral water dispersed solution usable not only for the frontcover glass of Photo voltaic module, but any of the opticalapplication involved by high light transmission.
The key points of this material which develop high transparency
are that this material realizes to decrease reflection of the glass
surface and to generate additional light inside of layer.
This material is firstly introduced in the world with function ofanti-reflection, anti-fouling, and hyper-hydrophilic in order tocontinuously operate the machine by keeping high transparency
and especially used outside.

Feature of electrification and procedure to clean up
Positive charged

Dual charged (+/-)

Electro Magnetic wave

Electro Magnetic wave

Organic Materials : Pollen,Phycomycete

Organic Materials

Pollutant stuck on the surface

・Ingredients：TiO2 (Amorphous type, Anatase type),
silica, conductive metals, others
・ Layer thickness ：100 nm to 300 nm
・ Possible charge ：Positive or dual charged(+/-)
・ Range of Wave length ：400nm to 1200nm
it is possible to design the optical properties changing
the ingredients, .
・ Improvement of visible light transmission: + 3% to 5%

Pollutant gets charged in both + /- andelectrostatic repulsion happensWaterflowing
by raining

Waterflowing
by raining
Pollutants are removed by bothelectrostatic repulsion and water flowing

・ Anti-fouling by : electrostatic repulsion on surface ( withboth positive or dual charged ) and super-hydrophilic to clean
up the surface. (contact angle <5 degree. It is not photo catalyst
technology.)
6Characteristics of functional layer by『ＳＴｉ’s Titania photo-oxygenationmaterial』*Super-Hydrophilic：To refrain from forming
the water drop on the surface to decrease lightdispersion and absorption.(The contact angle
less than 5°)

Precaution for the functional layer formed by 『STi’s Titania
photo-oxygenation material』
・Please refrain from intentionally hard-rubbing and hard-scratching thesurface . It may cause the degradation of its function by the damage on
the functional asperity of the surface or making pollutant get stuck in
concave of the surface.
・When cleaning up the surface;
Please use water (with low portion of mineral if possible or hopefully
pure water) after all if using any type of the detergents to dissolve
pollutant. ( Not to cause the degrading the function of the coated layerby keeping any pollutant left in concave.)
As the picture, although the outer pollutant rarely get stuck in the concaveof the surface, even if does, most of pollutant in concave will be possibly
removed by the electrostatic repulsion and self-cleaning function of superhydrophilic on the surface and helps keeping the high optical properties ofthe glass.
The picture that the size of outer pollutant(ex: yellow sand , suspended particlate matter, etc)

*High durability：because of that this material
is completely inorganic and with no resin binderand also bonded by dehydration-condensation
reaction with the surface.
(Physical property and chemical resistance ofthe formed layer are subject to the burning
condition and its consistence of the material. )Ave. Size of Outer pollutant : 10um to 20um
Minimum particle size : 100nm to 500nm

It may cause thedegrading thefunction but thesize of the most of
the pollutant ismore than 20nm

Layer formed
by STi’s
Oxygenation
Material7【 Reference 】“Outer pollution ( = Suspended Matter)”*Suspended Particle Matter:the particles long time suspended in the air with particle size less than 10micron (1/100mm). They include particles caused
from funnel fume from the factories, diesel engines or gasoline engines, and the one which is transformed from NO in theair or from versatile of the source of cause. It is assumed that they cause the respiratory dysfunction.
*Yellow sand:Particles of Yellow sand contain many of the mineral substances such as quartz, feldspar, isinglass, Kaolinite, Chlorite, andso on. The size of Yellow sand which are delivered to Japan is at peak of 4 micron.
It is analyzed and detected that Yellow sand also contains Ammonium ion, Sulfate ion, Nitrate ion, and etc which doesn’tcome naturally so that it is nowadays pointed that it may take some air pollutants on its way to Japan.

http://www.env.go.jp/earth/dss/kousa_what/kousa_what.html Quoted

8

Anti-fouling evaluation of the comparison between Positive
charged surface and negative charged surface (day of 368th )①②

Tested : North side fence in STi R&D center in SagaSpec of the Sample with STi Titania PhotoOxygenation Material (hereinafter P.O. material)
Substrate：Flourinated painting board（size70×150)
Sealant ： Silicone sealant for construction use
Product ：Z18-1000nA
Washed by： pure water
Coated by： Sponge sheet x 2times
Burning Temp.：130degree C x 15mins

The surfaces after exposure 368days③①：Hydrophilic surface with some hydrophilic coating material②：Positive charged surface with Sti’s Titania P.O. material③：Water repellent surface with no coating

Anti-fouling
test ( Color difference after 368 days )防汚評価(色差）①Hydrophilictreated surface
0 day

368 day②STi Titania Photooxygenation material(＋)(正電荷）0 day241day③Without coated(－)
(負電荷）
0 day

368 day9

The data of visible light transmittance ( Titania P.O. Material coated VS No coated glass )Visible light transmission
WV（ ｎ ｍ）
780
770
760
750
740
730
720
710
700
690
680
670
660
650
640
630
620
610
600
590
580
570
560
550
540
530
520
510
500
490
480
470
460
450
440
430
420
410
400
390
380

重価
係数
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.16
0.29
0.57
1.33
2.63
4.89
8.56
14.65
22.07
33.41
45.07
56.80
67.14
83.34
91.71
99.50
103.52
99.61
92.83
74.40
54.22
35.32
22.63
16.1210.45
7.07
4.45
2.41
1.01
0.37
0.11
0.03
0.01
0.00
1056.81（On single side coated）

STi Coated№１ No1

STi coated№２ No2No Coated Glass
無造膜ガラス

透過率×

透 過率×

透過率×

TM
86.90287.43587.53088.05988.54788.91889.36589.60390.12590.64391.15591.35091.70391.90592.32092.59893.03493.33493.50293.81593.95794.08694.38894.41594.55794.56094.591
94.58594.28794.30594.12493.83893.54093.32992.71392.65592.68192.47692.36089.18689.842

重価係数
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.88
1.77
3.56
5.36
14.34
26.14
51.67
121.24240.25448.43786.711352.492043.64
3108.274206.56
5310.916298.747830.388628.639391.61
9773.849418.828778.00
7037.57
5128.403330.222134.121517.28980.61
661.33415.31223.44
93.58
34.29
10.17
2.77
0.89
0.00
99412.20

94.07 ％

TM
87.47687.57987.93488.49288.82489.24489.53589.82290.27490.59891.06791.30691.66391.82992.05092.51592.74192.84693.11593.35393.44593.58393.68593.52093.67193.752
93.64693.36593.10992.90492.88292.43092.10091.44690.97590.66690.62590.26889.98186.95388.426

重 価係数
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.88
1.78
3.57
5.37
14.37
26.18
51.64
121.12240.13448.23786.06
1348.532041.813098.484184.57
5288.936267.727787.718582.50
9321.66
9681.199330.57
8703.00
6967.265062.25
3288.61
2102.421497.26965.89651.15406.93219.25
91.57
33.53
9.93
2.70
0.87
0.00
98635.62

93.33 ％

TM
84.84985.27685.29385.58186.08986.35286.90586.97287.17487.56487.80987.94888.18888.51588.68988.88689.11489.37989.48589.69289.99190.05090.24390.26190.31190.40690.35190.24490.16190.01189.99189.88889.86289.52189.23889.21789.13089.29789.16985.97286.479

重価係 数
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.86
1.72
3.45
5.21
13.92
25.28
49.91
116.79231.30431.24757.691299.29
1961.712977.30
4028.315082.75
6021.92
7499.858258.498979.189343.828995.888392.396722.114893.033184.49
2036.95
1450.65939.33635.32398.37215.06
90.11
32.98
9.82
2.68
0.86
0.00
95090.02

89.98 ％％

Visible light Transmission

1008060

40ｰｰｰSTI No .1ｰｰｰ STI№１
No. 2ｰｰｰ No№２coated200190

290

390

490

590
Wave Lengthnm)

690

790

890

Spectrum Measurement condition
Photometry mode

％ＴStart780nm

ResponseＭｅｄｉｕｍ

End

380nm

Band width

1.0ｎｍ

Data measuring interval

1.0nm

Scan rate

100nm／min

10

The data of measurement of Visible light transmittanceand reflection ( Single side coated sample)①Floated Glass for
Window use (=0.3T):STi’s Coated layer(About 100-200nm)

Cross section of
the coated layer
Glass②STi Single sidecoated glass

Transmittance(WV=780-380nm)

89.98%

95.06%

Reflection(WV=780-380nm)

8.49%

4.09%

ReflectanceTransmittance②①①②11Cross section of
the coated Glass

Data of transmittance and reflectanceof dual side coated glass:STi’s Coated layer(About 100-200nm)

Floated Glass 3mm

Ave. Transmittance

Ave. Reflectance％T STi Dual side coated glass

780-380nm

97.91% (89.98%)

0.74% (8.49%)％T No coated glass

800-600nm

93.49% (87.11%)

1.17% (8.02%)％R STi Dual side coated glass

900nm

88.49% (78.33%)

2.32% (4.63%)％R No coated glass() =data of no coated glass

12

Detail Photo of STi’s coated surface

By 3D laser
Microscope13

*the dots on the surface are outer pollutant.

The photo of floated glass surface

By 3D laser
Microscope14