PDu100B V3Specifications

Miniature 200 Vp-p Piezo Driver with
Built-in High-Voltage Power Supply
Size: 39x25 mm, Weight: 5.5 gram

3 V to 5.5 V

Power Supply
Max Unipolar Output+60 V+90 V+100 V

Max Bipolar Output

±60 V

±90 V

±100 VPower Bandwidth

5.3 kHz

3.5 kHz

3.2 kHz

Peak Output Current

100 mA

89 mA

RMS Output Current

40 mA

Average DC Current

18 mA

33 mA
15 mA

60 kHz (unloaded)

Signal Bandwidth

39 x 25 mm (1.5 x 1 in)Dimensions

5.5 g (0.2 oz)

Weight

The PDu100B is a complete miniaturized power
supply and linear amplifier for driving piezoelectric
actuators. The PDu100B provides variable gain andoffset, switchable voltage ranges, and the choice
between unipolar and bipolar inputs and outputs.
The PDu100B can drive two-wire piezoelectric
actuators and benders up to ±100 V and three-wirepiezoelectric benders and stack actuators up to+100 V. Applications include piezoelectric valves,motors, pumps, MEMs, and ultra low-power
positioning and manipulation systems.

60 mA

Gain

27.5 V/VInput

Unipolar

BipolarInput Impedance

100 𝑘𝑘Ω

20 𝑘𝑘Ω

±100 mV

Input Offset

Unlimited capacitive loads

Load

Thermal and current
overload protection

Overload

70mV RMS (10uF Load)

NoiseEnvironment

0 to 70°C (32 to 158°F)
Non-condensing humidity

Quiescent Current

25 mA (1 mA in Shutdown)

The PDu100B is protected against current overload
and excessive temperature. A shutdown pin is also
provided that reduces supply current to 1 mA whenpulled low.

39 mm

enVupVbpVsg

The PDu100B can be used as a stand-alone module
or mounted to a base with four M2.5 threaded
spacers. The PCB mounting version (PDu100B-PCB)
is supplied with headers for direct mounting on ahost motherboard.
enVup
VbpVs
g+g

PDu100B

InputsEnableUnipolar Input
Bipolar Input
Supply Voltage
Ground25 mm

Vb+g
VbOutputs
Negative Out
Positive Out
GroundBias Voltage

Figure 1. Connection diagram

PDu100B V3 Datasheet

1

Modified 1/06/2021

Operation

The overall system gain is determined by theconfiguration of the input and output. The possiblecombinations are listed below.

The system block diagram is illustrated in Figure 2. A
boost converter generates a high-voltage rail to supply apair of complementary amplifiers. A single output can beused to drive a unipolar load up to +100 V or bothamplifiers can be used to produce ±100 V.

Input
TypeUnipolar
Unipolar
Bipolar
Bipolar

The input is selectable between a unipolar signal biased
at half the supply voltage or a bipolar signal. The
amplifier gain is 27.5 so a 3.6 Vp-p input will produce a
100 Vp-p output. Both amplifier channels are biased athalf the output range, e.g. 50 V for the 100 V range.
EnableSupply
3V - 5.5V

1Vs ±1.8V2±3.6V

BoostConverter

Input
Offset27.5

BiasVoltage

Bias
Voltage+Bipolar Unipolar
LoadLoad+
Input Selector
Bi- or Unipolar
-27.5

Input
Range
½ Vs ±1.8 V½ Vs ±1.8 VGain
27.55513.75
27.5

OutputRange
100 V±100 V
100 V±100 V±3.6 V±3.6 V
Table 3. System gain and voltage range

Both outputs are biased at approximately half the HV bus
voltage (𝑉𝑉𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 ), e.g. 50 V with a 100 V range. The output
voltage equations are listed in Table 4.

Voltage Selector
60, 90, or 100V
HV BusOutput
TypeUnipolar
BipolarUnipolar
Bipolar+-Input
TypeOutput
Type

Unipolar

Unipolar

Unipolar

Bipolar

BipolarUnipolar

Bipolar

Bipolar

OutputVoltage27.5 × �𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 −𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠
𝑉𝑉𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻
�+22𝑉𝑉

55 × (𝑉𝑉𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 − 𝑠𝑠 )13.75 × 𝑉𝑉𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 +2

27.5 × 𝑉𝑉𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏

𝑉𝑉𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻
2Table 4. Output Voltage Equations

The HV bus voltage (and bias the voltage output) can bevaried by 10% using the trimmer R15.
The gain and output voltage ranges can be customizedby contacting info@piezodrive.com.

Figure 2. PDu100B Block Diagram

Configuration

Output Current

The PDu100B can be configured to suit a wide variety ofapplications. The output voltage range is selected bySwitch 1 (S1) as shown below.
S1.1

S1.2

OnOn
Off
OffOn
OffOn
Off

Unipolar
Range
100 V
90 V
70 V
60 V

The maximum RMS and average DC output current foreach voltage range is listed below. The average DCoutput current is the average current flowing in either
the positive or negative direction. For a sine wave, theaverage current is related to RMS current byBipolar
Range±100 V±90 V±70 V±60 V𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 =Voltage
Range
60 V70 V90 V100 V

Table 1. Output voltage range configuration

The input type can be configured to either unipolar orbipolar with Switch 2 (S2), as shown below.
Input TypeUnipolar
Bipolar

S2.1
OnOff

S2.2
OffOn

Apply toVupVbp

Input Range½ Vs ±1.8 V

Table 2. Input type configuration

PDu100B V3 Datasheet√2𝐼𝐼.
𝜋𝜋 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

RMSCurrent
89 mA
67 mA
40 mA
33 mA

Average DCCurrent
40 mA
30 mA
18 mA
15 mA

Table 5. Maximum average output current±3.6 VFor periods less than 100 us, output currents ofapproximately 100 mA are possible. This is useful forachieving small, high-speed step changes in the output
voltage.
2

Modified 1/06/2021

Offset Voltage

The trim pot R15 adjusts the DC offset voltage, which has
a range of +/- 250 mV.

Voltage Range
60 V
70 V
90 V
100 VExample Applications
Input+/-3.6V

5V-VupVbp
Vsg

0V to 100V

Table 6. Unloaded power bandwidth++g
Vb

With a capacitive load, the power bandwidth is limitedby the maximum output current. For a sine wave

100 V Piezo stack driver with bipolar input and 50 V bias.
(S1.1 = ON, S1.2 = ON, S2.1 = OFF, S2.2 = ON)
Input
2.5V +/- 1.65V
5V

𝑓𝑓𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 =+/-90 V-Vup
Vbp
Vs
g++g
Vb

Input
+/-3.6V

5V-++gVb

Load (uF)
0.01
0.03
0.1
0.3
131030

0V to100V100V+ to 0V
100V

100 V Three-wire bender driver with bias (bipolar input).
(S1.1 = ON, S1.2 = ON, S2.1 = OFF, S2.2 = ON)

Input+/-2.2V

5V

VupVbpVsg-+gVb

𝑉𝑉𝐿𝐿(𝑝𝑝−𝑝𝑝) 𝜋𝜋𝐶𝐶𝐿𝐿

60 V
5300
5300
2100
700
210
70
21
7.1

70 V
4500
4500
1300
450
130
45
13
4.590 V
3500
2100
630
210
63
21
6.4
2.1

100 V
3200
1500
470
150
47
15
4.8
1.6

Table 7. Power bandwidth versus voltage range

In the following figures, the maximum peak-to-peakvoltage is plotted against frequency for a range ofcapacitive loads.

0V to 60V
60V to 0V+

𝐼𝐼𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎The power bandwidth for a unipolar load is listed below.
For a bipolar load, the power bandwidth is halved since
the voltage range is doubled.

+/-90 V Piezo bender driver with unipolar input.
(S1.1 = ON, S1.2 = OFF, S2.1 = ON, S2.2 = OFF)

Vup
VbpVsgPower Bandwidth
5.3 kHz4.5 kHz
3.5 kHz
3.2 kHz+

Enable / Shutdown

The Enable pin can be pulled low to disable the amplifier
and reduce the quiescent current to 1 mA. It can bedriven by a logic output or an open collector output. The
recovery time after a shut-down is 2 ms.

60 V Push-pull stack driver or bender driver (bipolar input)(S1.1 = OFF, S1.2 = OFF, S2.1 = OFF, S2.2 = ON)

Power Bandwidth

The output slew-rate of the PDu100B is 1 V/us.
Therefore, the maximum frequency sine-wave isOverload Protection

The PDu100B is protected against over-current andthermal overload. If the temperature exceeds 150 ℃ theamplifier will be disabled until the temperature reduces.

1 × 106
𝑓𝑓𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 =𝜋𝜋𝑉𝑉𝐿𝐿(𝑝𝑝−𝑝𝑝)

The power bandwidth for each voltage range is listed inTable 6.

PDu100B V3 Datasheet

3Modified 1/06/2021

Signal Bandwidth

150

Peak to Peak Voltage (V)30uF 10uF

3uF

1uF

The unloaded small signal bandwidth of the PDu100B is
approximately 60 kHz. With a capacitive load, the signal
bandwidth is predetermined to be ten times greater thanthe power bandwidth, that is

300nF 100nF100

𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 =50

The small signal bandwidth for a range of load
capacitances is plotted in Figure 6 and listed in Table 8.

0010

211010Frequency (Hz)

100 kHz310Figure 3. 60 V range power bandwidth

Peak to Peak Voltage (V)20010uF

3uF

1uF

300nF 100nF

10 kHz1 kHz30nF

150

100 Hz10010 Hz
10 nF

121010Frequency (Hz)

1 uF

10 uF

Noise

310The output voltage of the PDu100B contains switching
noise from the boost converter and random noise fromthe high-voltage amplifier. With a 5 V supply and 100 Voutput range, the measured noise (Fluke 189) is listed inTable 8 below.

Figure 4. 90 V range power bandwidth

200100 nF

Figure 6. Signal bandwidth (𝒇𝒇𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 ) versus capacitance

500010Peak to Peak Voltage (V)11700 𝐶𝐶𝐿𝐿

10uF

3uF

1uF

300nF 100nF

30nF

Load
Capacitance
10 nF
30 nF
100 nF
300 nF
1 uF
3 uF
10 uF
30 uF

150

100

50

0010110210Frequency (Hz)310Noise(RMS)
550 mV
450 mV
350 mV
280 mV
190 mV
120 mV
70 mV
50 mV

Table 8. Signal bandwidth and noise

Figure 5. 100 V range power bandwidth

PDu100B V3 DatasheetSignalBandwidth
30 kHz19 kHz5.9 kHz
1.9 kHz590 Hz
190 Hz59 Hz
19 Hz

The output voltage noise can be reduced by using anoutput resistance to reduce the bandwidth. The correct
circuit configurations for different applications areillustrated in Figure 7.

4

Modified 1/06/2021

--Ro++gVb
Grounded Loadsinusoidal voltage, the peak and average output current
is𝐼𝐼𝐿𝐿(𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝) = 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝐶𝐶𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝑉𝐿𝐿(𝑝𝑝−𝑝𝑝)

++Rog
Vb

𝐼𝐼𝐿𝐿(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) = 2𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝑉𝐿𝐿(𝑝𝑝−𝑝𝑝)

Differential Loadwhere, 𝑉𝑉𝐿𝐿 is the peak to peak voltage across the load
capacitance. The average supply current can be written
𝑉𝑉𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 + 5𝐼𝐼𝑆𝑆(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) = 2𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝑉𝐿𝐿(𝑝𝑝−𝑝𝑝)
𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆 × 0.7

Ro-+gVb++Power Dissipation

RoWith a capacitive load, power dissipation is the productof supply voltage and average current, that isThree Wire Load with Bias

𝑃𝑃𝐷𝐷 = 𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆 × 𝐼𝐼𝑆𝑆(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)

Figure 7. Noise reduction using output resistanceTo determine the output resistance required for aparticular noise level, the required bandwidth should beselected from Figure 8 below. The correct resistance canthen be calculated from𝑅𝑅𝑂𝑂 =When operating at full power bandwidth, the worst-casepower dissipation is approximately 2.5 W. The thermal
impedance of the PDu100B from junction to ambient is
30 ℃/W. Therefore, the maximum temperature rise isapproximately 75 ℃ above ambient.

1− 2702𝜋𝜋𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐶𝐶𝐿𝐿

If full-power operation is required at ambient
temperatures exceeding 50 ℃, a 21 mm heat-sink is
recommended on the bottom surface. This also requires
the connectors to be mounted on the opposite side ofthe PCB. The order code for a device with unmounted
connectors and heat-sink kit is PDu100B-HS.

The noise measurements are performed with a static
input voltage. When current is drawn from the output,
the ripple will increase due to action from the boost
converter.
1000mV

Basic Test Procedure

The operation of the PDu100B can be checked by
performing the following steps:
1. Configure the module for a +100V output range andbipolar input signal by setting all of the switch
positions to ON except, S2.1 which should be OFF.

100mV

10mV
1Hz

10Hz

100Hz

1kHz

10kHz

2. Connect the module to a 5V dc power supply with acurrent limit of greater than 1 Amp. Before
connecting the supply, use a multimeter to checkthat the voltage is +5V. Connect the positive terminalof the supply to the Vs pin and the negative terminalof the supply to the G pin as shown below.

100kHzFigure 8. RMS output noise versus bandwidth

Supply Current

Input+/-3.6V

The supply current (𝐼𝐼𝑆𝑆 ) is related to the load current (𝐼𝐼𝐿𝐿 )through the following power balance equation:-+gVb

Basic test configuration.
(S1.1 = ON, S1.2 = ON, S2.1 = OFF, S2.2 = ON)

𝑉𝑉𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 + 5
𝐼𝐼𝑆𝑆 = 𝐼𝐼𝐿𝐿𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆 × 0.7

3. Generate a +/-3.6V 100-Hz sinewave test signal usinga signal generator. Check the signal source using anoscilloscope, then connect the signal source to theVbp pin, and connect the signal source ground to G.

where 𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆 is the supply voltage and 𝑉𝑉𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 is the chosen
output range (e.g. 100 V). With a capacitive load andPDu100B V3 Datasheet

5VVupVbpVsg5

Modified 1/06/2021

Dimensions

4. Turn the power supply on and use a multimeter tomeasure the DC voltage between Vb and G. Thisshould be 100V +/- 5V.

The lateral dimensions are shown in Figure 9 and Figure
10. The mounting holes are designed for an M2.5
threaded spacer. The left elevation of the standard andPCB mounting version (PDu100B-PCB) are shown inFigure 11 and Figure 12.

5. Use an oscilloscope to measure the voltage between
the + pin and G. This should be 100-Hz sinewave with
an amplitude of approximately 100 Vp-p.
6. Use an oscilloscope to measure the voltage between
the – pin and G. This should be a 100-Hz sinewave
with an amplitude of approximately 100 Vp-p, and aphase of 180 degrees relative to the input signal.

01014002300320041000

Troubleshooting

If the above test procedure is successful but yourapplication is still unsuccessful. Check these issues:••

Are you connecting the – output to ground? For
example, by using the ground terminal of an
oscilloscope? This will short-circuit the module
output and cause it to enter a protection mode. You
may hear some buzzing due to the rapid enablingand shutdown.

Figure 9. Top view (Inches)0

Check the switch configurations to ensure thevoltage range and input configuration is correct.

•Check that the negative terminal of the power supply
and the signal source ground terminal are bothconnected to the G pin. If not, there is a chance oneof these may be floating with respect to the other.

0

1

Are you exceeding the maximum output current? For
example, by applying a periodic signal to a large
capacitive load. If the current limit is being exceeded,the voltage on the Vb will drop below the normalvalue.

•0014002300320041000

Figure 10. Top View (mm)Contact and Support
info@piezodrive.com

Figure 11. Left elevation: PDu100B (mm)

Revision History
Date
01/06/21
16/01/21

Rev By Changes
R4 KB Add switch positions to figures
Add basic test procedure
R3 KB Temp range updated

Figure 12. Left elevation: PDu100B-PCB (mm)PDu100B V3 Datasheet

6Modified 1/06/2021