HAIシンポジウム2007

1F-2

Human-Agent Interaction Simposium 2007ᑊ㇗ࡡ㐘ິ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㛭ࢂࡽ࠿⏍∸ࡼࡊࡈࡡ▩て࡞୙࠻ࡾᙫ㡢⚗⏛⋖᳔᪺⏛ୌ༡᮶ாኬᏕኬᏕ㝌 ⥪ྙᩝ໩◂✪⛁ ᗀᇡࢨࢪࢷ࣑⛁Ꮥ⣌ ࠚ153-8902 ᮶ா㒌┘㯦༇㥎ሔ 3-8-1
E-mail:࠵ࡼࡱࡊfukuda@cs.c.u-tokyo.ac.jpᠻࠍࡢ࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡝ᑊ㇗࡞⏍∸ࡼࡊࡈࢅវࡋࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹࠾㸣⏍∸ࡼࡊࡈࡢ࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩て࡛࿣ࡣࡿ㸡ᑊ㇗ࡡ㐘ິ࠿⏍∸ࡼࡊࡈࢅᘤࡀ㉫ࡆࡌኬࡀ࡝さᅄ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ゕࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣 ࡱࡒ㸡ᠻࠍ࠿ᑊ㇗࡛࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡞㛭ࢂࡾࡡ࠾㸡࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡞㛭ࢂࡖ࡙ࡀࡒࡡ࠾࡛࠷ࡖࡒ┞பష⏕ࡡさᅄࡵ࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭࡞㛭౿ࡌࡾ࡛஢᝷ࡈࡿࡾ㸣 ࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ᑊ㇗࡛ࡡ┞பష⏕࠿࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩て࡞ཀྵ࡯ࡌᙫ㡢࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ୘᪺࡚࠵ࡾ㸣ࡐࡆ࡚㸡ᮇ◂✪࡚ࡢ㸡┞பష⏕さᅄ࠿ᑊ㇗ࡡ࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡝㐘ິ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩て࡞࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡝ᙫ㡢ࢅ୙࠻ࡾࡡ࠾ࢅㄢ࡬ࡒ㸣ࡐࡡ⤎ᯕ㸡┞பష⏕ࡊࡒሔྙࡡࡲ㸡㸦㸤f ࡹࡼࡁࢅᣚࡗᑊ㇗ࡡ㐘ິ࡞࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭࠿ኬࡀࡂ࡝ࡖ
ࡒ㸣ࡆࡡ⤎ᯕࡢ࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡝ᑊ㇗࡞⏍∸ࡼࡊࡈࢅវࡋࡡ࠾࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡞ࡐࡡᑊ㇗࡛ࡡ┞பష⏕࠿ᙫ㡢ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ြࡌࡾ㸣࣭࣭࢞࣠ࢺ┞பష⏕㸡⏍∸ࡼࡊࡈ, 1/f ࡹࡼࡁ, 㐘ິInteraction with movements of robot influences Animacy perception
Haruaki FUKUDA andDepartment of General System Studies, the University of Tokyo
E-mail:Abstract

Kazuhiro UEDA
3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan

fukuda@cs.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp

The size of perceived Animacy on the condition that had interaction with the robot was compared with that on the conditionof the observation on the robot by using the robots that moved independently. It was expected that Animacy was perceived strongly to therobot whose movement had less randomness. However, we found that the movement that had 1/f randomness made the observers perceive
Animacy stronger than the movement that had no randomness when observers interacted with the robot. This result suggests that thepresence of the interaction could effect Animacy perception

Keywordinteraction, animacy, 1/f noise, movement

1. ࡢ ࡋ ࡴ ࡞ࢂࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠿⤊㥺Ⓩ࡞஢ῼࡈࡿࡾ㸣㎾ᖳ㸡㎾ᖳ㸡᪝ᖏ⏍Ὡ࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡ெᕝ∸࡛㛭ࢂࡾᶭཿࡂ࠾ࡼᚨ⌦Ꮥ࡚ࡢ㸡∸మࡡ㐘ິࡡ㌮㐠࡞ࡻࡽふᐳఌ࠿ቌࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ࡐࡡ୯࡚࣋ࢴࢹࣞ࣍ࢴࢹ࡞௥⾪ࡈࡿ⩽ ࠿ ࢓ ࢼ ࣏ ࢨ ࣭ ࢅ វ ࡋ ࡾ ࡆ ࡛ ࠿ ▩ ࡼ ࡿ ࡙ ࠷ ࡾ [1]㸣 ࡐࡾࡻ࠹࡞ெ㛣࡛♣ఌⓏ࡝㛭ࢂࡽࢅᣚࡗࡆ࡛⮤మࢅ┘Ⓩࡡᚃࡡ◂✪࡚ࡢ㸡࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩てࡡさᅄ࡛ࡊ࡙㐘ິࡡ࡛ࡊࡒெᕝ∸ࡵ⌟ࡿ㸡௑ᚃࡈࡼ࡞♣ఌⓏ࡝ᙲ๪ࢅᢰ࠹┘ ᵾ ᚷ ྡྷ ᛮ ࠿ 㔔 さ ࡚ ࠵ ࡾ ࡛ ᣞ ᦤ ࡈ ࡿ ࡙ ࠷ ࡾ [2]㸣ࡆ ࡿ ࡼெᕝ∸࠿⌟ࡿࡾࡆ࡛࠿஢᝷ࡈࡿࡾ㸣ெᕝ∸ࢅ♣ఌⓏ࡝ࡡ඙⾔◂✪࡚ࡢ㸡࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩てࢅ⏍ࡳ㐘ິๆ⃥ࡡ≁ᑊ㇗࡛ࡊ࡙ぜ࡝ࡌ࡞ࡢ㸡ᑊ㇗࠿ណᅒࢅᣚࡖࡒ⏍∸ࡼࡊᚡࢅᐂふⓏ࡞ㄢ࡬ࡾࡆ࡛࠿┘Ⓩ࡚࠵ࡾࡒࡴ㸡ᑊ㇗࡛ふ࠷ࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛វࡋࡾࡆ࡛࠿ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣ࡐࡆ࡚㸡࡜ᐳ⩽ࡡ┞பష⏕ࡡ᭯↋࠿࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩て࡞୙࠻ࡾᙫ㡢ࡡࡻ࠹࡝ᑊ㇗࡞⏍∸ࡼࡊࡈࢅវࡋࡾࡡ࠾࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࠿࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢㄢ࡬ࡼࡿ࡙࠷࡝࠷㸣ၡ㢗࡛࡝ࡾ㸣ୌ᪁㸡ࣃ࣭࣏࢙࣭ࣖࣤࢩ࢘ࣤࢹ࢕ࣤࢰࣚࢠࢨࣘࣤ᪝ᖏ⏍Ὡ࡞ぜࡼࡿࡾ⌟㇗࡛ࡊ࡙㸡⮤ฦ⮤㌗࠿౐࠷㎲(HAI) ࡡ ฦ 㔕 ࡚ ࡢ 㸡 ⏍ ∸ ࡼ ࡊ ࡈ 㸝 ࢓ ࢼ ࣏ ࢨ ࣭ 㸞 ࡛ ᑊ ㇗ࡲ㸡ៈࡿばࡊࢆࡓெᕝ∸࡞ᙁ࠷យ╌ࢅវࡋ࡙㸡リࡊ࠾࡛ࡡ┞பష⏕࡞῕࠷㛭౿࠿࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࠿ᣞᦤࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ࡄࡒࡽᶭ᎒ࢅ࠹࠾࠿ࡖࡒࡽ㸡ࡱࡾ࡚ெ࡞᥃ࡌࡾ࠾ࡡࡻࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡┞பష⏕ࡡᏋᅹࢅ๑ᥞ࡛ࡊࡒ୕࡚ฦᯊ࠿࡝ࡈ࠹࡞ᑊࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿࠵ࡾ㸣ࡐࡡཬ㟻㸡ྜྷࡋெᕝ∸࡚࠵ࡖࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡┞பష⏕࠿Ꮛᅹࡌࡾ஥⮤మ࠿࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩࡙ࡵ㸡⮤ฦ⮤㌗࠿ៈࡿばࡊࢆࡓࡵࡡ࡚࡝࠷ሔྙࡢ㸡យて࡞࡜ࡡࡻ࠹࡝ᙫ㡢ࢅ୙࠻ࡾ࠾ࡢฦᯊࡈࡿ࡙ࡆ࡝࠾ࡖ╌ࡷ⏍ࡀ∸ࡼࡊࡈࢅវࡋ࡝࠷ࡆ࡛ࡵ࠵ࡾ㸣ࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡞㸡ࡒ 㸣 ౚ አ Ⓩ ࡞ Arita ࡼ [3]ࡢ 㸡 ⿍ 㥺 ⩽ ࡞ ᖺ ඡ ࢅ ⏕ ࠷ 㸡 㐽ᑊ㇗࡞ណᅒࡷ⏍∸ᛮࢅវࡋࡾࡆ࡛㸝࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩て㸞ይἸっἪ࡞ࡻࡽ㸡ᖺඡ࠿௙⩽࡛┞பష⏕ࡌࡾࣞ࣍ࢴࢹ࡞ࡢ㸡ᑊ㇗࡛ࡡ┞பష⏕ࡡ᭯↋࡛࠷࠹さᅄ࠿ኬࡀࡂ㛭ࢅெ࡛ྜྷࡋࡻ࠹࡞ぜࡾୌ᪁࡚㸡┞பష⏕ࡊ࡝࠷ࣞ࣍ࢴ-1-ࢹࢅ∸మ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡲ࡝ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ິ࠷࡙࠷ࡾ࠾ࡡࡻ࠹࡞វࡋࡒ࠾㸡ᑊ㇗ࡢ⮤ฦ⮤㌗࡚ິࡆࡡ◂✪ࡢ㸡ᑊ㇗࡛ࡡ┞பష⏕ࡡ᭯↋࠿ࡐࡡᑊ㇗࡞ᑊࡂ᪁ྡྷࢅỬࡴ࡙࠷ࡾ࠾ࡡࡻ࠹࡞វࡋࡒ࠾, ᑊ㇗ࡢវ᝗ࡌࡾ࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩て࡞ᙫ㡢ࢅ୙࠻࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ୹ᘿࡊࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ࠾ࡡࡻ࠹࡞វࡋࡒ࠾) 㸡ཬᚺᛮᑵᗐ㸝ᑊ࡙࠷ࡾࡵࡡࡡ㸡┞பష⏕ࢅふᐳࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡢ࡝ࡂᐁ㝷㇗ࢅ࠵࡝ࡒࡡᕵ᭻㏳ࡽ࡞ິ࠾ࡎࡒ࡛វࡋࡒ࠾, ᑊ㇗ࡢ࡞┞பష⏕ࢅ⾔࠹ࡆ࡛࠿࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩て࡞࠷࠾࡝ࡾᙫ┘ᵾࡡ᪁ྡྷ࡞ḿࡊࡂິ࠷࡙࠷ࡾ࡛វࡋࡒ࠾㸞࠾ࡼ࡝ࡽ㸡㡢ࢅ୙࠻࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࠾࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢㄢ࡬ࡼࡿ࡙࠷࡝࠷㸣඙ ⾔ ◂ ✪ [4] ࡚ ⏕ ࠷ ࡼ ࡿ ࡒ ࡵ ࡡ ࢅ ᪝ ᮇ ㄊ ໩ ࡊ ࡒ ࡵ ࡡࡐ ࡆ ࡚ ᮇ ◂ ✪ ࡚ ࡢ 㸡ࡆ ࡿ ࡼ ᚨ ⌦ Ꮥ ࡛ HAI ࡡ ၡ 㢗 ណ ㆉ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡ㈻ၡ㡧┘࡞ᑊࡊ࡙㸡⿍㥺⩽࡞ 5 ṹ

ࢅ⼝ྙࡈࡎ㸡ᑊ㇗ࡡ㐘ິࡡᛮ㈻ࢅ∸⌦Ⓩ࡞ᏽ⩇ࡊࡒ࠹㝭࡚フᏽࡊ࡙ࡵࡼ࠷ࠉྜྷୌᑵᗐࡡフᏽೋࡡᖲᆍೋࢅࡐ

࠻࡚㸡ࡐࡡᑊ㇗࡛✒ᴗⓏ࡞┞பష⏕ࡌࡾሔྙ࡛ᐂふⓏࡡᑵᗐࡡᚋⅤ࡛ࡊࡒ㸣࡞ふᐳࡌࡾࡓࡄ࡚┞பష⏕ࡢࡊ࡝࠷ሔྙ࡛࡚㸡វࡋࡼࡿࡾ࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭ࡡ㔖ࢅẒ㍉ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽ㸡┞பష⏕࠿࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩て࡞୙࠻ࡾᙫ㡢ࢅㄢ࡬ࡒ㸣

2. ᪁ Ἢ⿍ 㥺 ⩽ (10 ྞ ) ࡢ ᠔ ୯ 㞹 ⅁ ࡚ ㉦ ක ᛮ ࢅ ᣚ ࡗ ᑚ ᆵ ࣞ ࣍ࢴࢹࢅ᧧ࡽ㸡5 ฦ㛣࡚ࣚࣤࢱ࣑࡞࠽࠾ࡿࡒࣄ࣭⋚ࢅ࡚ࡀࡾࡓࡄኣࡂࣆ࢔࣭ࣜࢺࡡአ࡞ᢪࡊฝࡌㄚ㢗ࢅ⾔࠹࠾㸝 ᧧ ష ᮪ ௲ 㸞㸡௙ ெ ࠿ ࡐ ࡡ ᧧ ష ࢅ ⾔ ࡖ ࡙ ࠷ ࡾ ࡛ ࡆ ࢀ ࢅ ふᐳࡌࡾ࠾㸝ふᐳ᮪௲㸞ࡊࡒᚃ㸡࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭ࢅフᏽࡌࡾᅒ 㸦 㸣 ᕞ ᅒ ࡞ ᐁ 㥺 ࡞ ⏕ ࠷ ࡼ ࡿ ࡒ ᑚ ᆵ ࣞ ࣍ ࢴ ࢹ e-puckࢅ♟ࡌ㸣ྎᅒࡢᐁ㥺㢴ᬊ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣㈻ၡ⣤࡞➽࠻ࡒ㸣㸨⛸㢦ࡡࣞ࣍ࢴࢹࡡ㐘ິ㸝⿍㥺⩽ࡡ᠔ ୯ 㞹 ⅁ ࡞ Ᏸ ධ ㏛ ᚉ 㸡 Ᏸ ධ ㏛ ᚉ ࡞ 㸦 㸤 f ࡹ ࡼ ࡁ (pink3. ⤎ ᯕnoise) 㸡 ḿ ぞ ஗ ᩐ (white noise) ࢅ ࡐ ࡿ ࡑ ࡿ ௛ ຊ 㸞 2

ᢪ ࡊ ฝ ࡊ ࡒ ࣄ ࣭ ⋚ ࡡ ᩐ ࡢ Ᏸ ධ ㏛ ᚉ 㸡㸦 㸤 f㸡ḿ ぞ ஗ ᩐ᮪௲㸝᧧ష᮪௲࣬ふᐳ᮪௲㸞ࡡ⿍㥺⩽හ 2 さᅄ⤣โᐁࡡ㡨࡞ᑛ࡝ࡂ࡝ࡖࡒ㸣ࡆࡿࡢ㸡ᑊ㇗ࡡ┘ᵾᚷྡྷᛮࢅࡐ㥺ࡡᙟ࡚ᐁ᪃ࡊࡒ㸣ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡ⿍㥺⩽ࡢࣚࣤࢱ࣑࡝㡨ࡡ ࡱ ࡱ ⾪ ࡊ ࡙ ࠷ ࡾ ࡵ ࡡ ࡛ ᛦ ࢂ ࡿ ࡾ 㸝 ᅒ 㸧 㸞㸣ᗆ࡚ධ࡙ࡡㄚ㢗ࢅ⾔ࡖࡒ㸣

2.1. ⿞ ⨠ᐁ 㥺 ࡞ ࡢ ᑚ ᆵ ࣞ ࣍ ࢴ ࢹ e-puck ࢅ ⏕ ࠷ ࡒ 㸝 ᅒ 㸦 㸞㸣e-puck ࡢ ├ ᙼ 70mm ࡡ ኬ ࡀ ࡈ ࡚ ක ࢬ ࣤ ࢦ ࣭ ࡝ ࡜ ࡡ ྘ ⛸ࢬ ࣤ ࢦ ࣭ ࢅ ᣚ ࡖ ࡙ ࠷ ࡒ 㸣 ࡱ ࡒ 㸡 e-puck ࡡ ๑ 㟻 ࡞ ࣄ ࣭ ⋚ࢅ ᢪ ࡌ ࡒ ࡴ ࡡ 1.5cm8cm ࡡ ࣈ ࣚ ࢪ ࢲ ࢴ ࢠ ࡡ ᯀ ࢅ ཱི ࡽ௛ ࡄ ࡒ 㸣 ࡱ ࡒ 㸡 e-puck ࡡ ක ࢬ ࣤ ࢦ ࣭ ࢅ ཬ ᚺ ࡈ ࡎ ࡾ ࡒ ࡴ࡞ ᠔ ୯ 㞹 ⅁ 㸝 ࢞ ࢬ ࢿ ࣤ ⌣ 㸡 3.0V㸞 ࢅ ⏕ ࠷ ࡒ 㸣ᐁ 㥺 ࡢ 㧏 ࡈ 80cm㸡⦢ ᶋ ࠿ 100cm100cm ࡡ ᮐ ࡡ ୕࡚ ⾔ ࢂ ࡿ ࡒ 㸣 ᮐ ࡡ ኮ ᯀ ࡞ ࡢ 90cm90cm ࡡ ḿ ᪁ ᙟ ࡡ ࣆ࢔ ࣭ ࣜ ࢺ ࠿ ᭡ ࠾ ࡿ ࡙ ࠽ ࡽ 㸡ࣆ ࢔ ࣭ ࣜ ࢺ හ ࡞ ࡢ 30 ಴ ࡡ ࣄ࣭⋚࠿ࣚࣤࢱ࣑࡝న⨠࡞⨠࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣

2.2. ᑊ ㇗ 䛴 㐘 ິ 䛴 ᛮ ㈻ᅒ㸧㸣᧧ష᮪௲ࡡ྘ㄚ㢗࡞࠽࠷࡙ᢪࡊฝࡈࡿࡒࣄ࣭
⋚ࡡᩐࢅ♟ࡌ㸣e-puck ࡢ ㉦ ක ᛮ ࢅ ᣚ ࡔ 㸡 ක ࢬ ࣤ ࢦ ࣭ ࡞ ථ ງ ࡡ ࡝ ࠷ ≟ឺ ࡚ ࡢ 10cm㸤 sec.࡚ ├ 㐅 ࡊ ࡒ 㸣 ࡈ ࡼ ࡞ ㉦ ක ᛮ ࡞ ஗ ᩐ ࢅ㈻ၡ⣤ࡡ⤎ᯕࢅᅒ㸨࡞♟ࡌ㸣⏍∸ᛮ㸡ណᅒᛮ࡞ࡗ࠷

ຊ࠻㸡㐘ິࡡᛮ㈻ࢅን໩ࡈࡎࡒ㸣ࢬࣤࢦ࣭ࡡཬᚺࡡ࿔࡙ࡵ㸡┘ᵾᚷྡྷᛮࡡ㧏࠷㡨࡞㧏࠷ೋ࠿ᚋࡼࡿࡾࡆ࡛࠿

᭿ ࡢ 0.4Hz ࡚ ࠵ ࡖ ࡒ 㸣 ຊ ࠻ ࡾ ஗ ᩐ ࢅ 4 ⛸ 㢦 㸝 ஗ ᩐ ↋ ࡊ஢᝷ࡈࡿࡒ࠿㸡᧧ష᮪௲࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ஢᝷࡛␏࡝ࡾ⤎ᯕ࡚ Ᏸ ධ ㏛ ᚉ 㸡1/f, ḿ ぞ ஗ ᩐ 㸡ୌ ᵕ ஗ ᩐ 㸞⏕ ࠷ ࡾ ࡆ ࡛ ࡚ 㸡ࢅᚋࡒ㸣ࢡࣚࣆ࠾ࡼ㸡ふᐳ᮪௲࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢᑊ㇗ࡡ┘ᵾ

4 ⛸㢦ࡡᛮ㈻ࡡ␏࡝ࡾ㐘ິ࠿షࡼࡿࡒ㸣ᚷྡྷᛮ࠿㧏࠷࡮࡜྘ᑵᗐᚋⅤ࠿㧏ࡂ࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠿

2.3. ㈻ ၡ ⣤ࢂ࠾ࡾ㸣ࡆࡿ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙㸡᧧ష᮪௲࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ⏍∸ᛮ࡛㈻ ၡ ⣤ ࡢ ⏍ ∸ ᛮ ᑵ ᗐ (ᑊ ㇗ ࡢ ࿔ ࡽ ࠿ ぜ ࠻ ࡙ ࠷ ࡾ ࠾ ࡡࡻ࠹࡞វࡋࡒ࠾, ㄚ㢗୯㸡ᑊ㇗࠿஥๑࡞Ửࡴࡼࡿࡒ㏳ࡽ࡞ິ࠷࡙࠷ࡾ࡛វࡋࡒ࠾, ᑊ㇗࠿⏍ࡀ∸࡚࠵ࡾ࠾ࡡࡻ ࠹ ࡞ វ ࡋ ࡒ ࠾ ) 㸡 ណ ᅒ ᛮ ᑵ ᗐ (ᑊ ㇗ ࡢ ┘ Ⓩ ࢅ ᣚ ࡖ ࡙ណ ᅒ ᛮ ࡞ ࠽ ࠷ ࡙ 㸡 ┘ ᵾ ᚷ ྡྷ ᛮ ࡡ ఩ ࠷ 1/f ㄚ 㢗 ࡡ ᪁ ࠿ Ᏸධ㏛ᚉ᮪௲ࡻࡽࡵ㧏ࡂ࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠿ㄖࡲཱིࡿࡾ㸣ࡆࡡ⤎ᯕ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ฦᩋฦᯊࢅ⾔࠹࡛㸡ᑵᗐᚋⅤࡡᏰධ㏛ ᚉ ᮪ ௲ ࡛ 1/f ᮪ ௲ ࡡ 㛣 ࡡ ┞ ப ష ⏕ ࠿ ᭯ ណ ࡚ ࠵ ࡖ ࡒ㸝 F-2-(1,9) = 50.1, p < .01㸞㸣࡞ࡻࡽ㸡⿍㥺⩽ࡢᑊ㇗࠿ర࠾ࡊࡼࡡහ㒂࣓ࢸࣜࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛វࡋ㸡࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭ࢅវࡋࡒࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷࠾࡛᥆ᐳࡈࡿࡾ㸣ࡆࡡ஦ࡗࡡ௫ㄕࢅ☔࠾ࡴࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸡ㄚ㢗᫤㛣ࢅ 5 ฦ࠾ࡼ㸦ฦ࡛࠷࠹༎ฦ࡝┞பష⏕ࡡ࡚ࡀ࡝࠷᫤㛣࡞▯⦨ࡊ㸡ྜྷᵕࡡᐁ㥺ࢅ⾔ࡖࡒ㸣ࡆࡿ࡞ࡻࡽ㸡᭩ิࡡ㐘ິ⮤మ࠿࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭ࢅវࡋࡈࡎࡾࡡࡓ࡛ࡌࡾ࡛㸡㐘ິࡢධࡂን໩ࡊ࡙࠷࡝࠷ࡡ࡚඙ࡡᐁ㥺࡛ྜྷࡋ⤎ᯕ࠿ᚋࡼࡿࡾࡆ࡛࠿஢᝷ࡈࡿࡾ࠿㸡ᚃࡡ┞பష⏕࡞ࡻࡾ௫ㄕ࡚ࡢ㸡༎ฦ࡝┞பష⏕᫤㛣࠿࡛ࡿ࡙࠷࡝࠷ࡒࡴ㸡ふᐳ᮪௲࡛᧧ష᮪௲ࡡᕣࡢᑚࡈࡂ࡝ࡾࡆ࡛࠿஢᝷ࡈࡿࡾ㸣⤎ᯕࡢ࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭㸡ណᅒᛮ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙㸡ふᐳ᮪௲࡛᧧ష᮪௲ࡡ㛣 ࡚ ⤎ ᯕ ࡞ ᭯ ណ ࡝ ᕣ ࡢ ぜ ࡼ ࡿ ࡝ ࠾ ࡖ ࡒ㸝 ᅒ 㸩 㸞㸣ࡆ ࡡ ࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ㸡࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩てࡡን໩ࡢᑊ㇗࡛ࡡ┞பష⏕࡞ᅒ㸨㸣 ㈻ၡ⣤࡞࠽ࡄࡾ⏍∸ᛮᑵᗐࡡ⿍㥺⩽㛣ࡡᖲᆍೋࢅ♟ࡌ㸣ࡻࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾ㸣࠿᧧ష᮪௲㸡‫࠿ڦ‬ふᐳ᮪௲ࡡ⤎ᯕ࡚࠵௧୕ࡡ⤎ᯕࡢ㸡ᐁ㝷࡞⮤ฦ⮤㌗࠿┞பష⏕ࢅ⾔࠹ࡆࡾ㸣ふᐳ᮪௲࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢᏰධ㏛ᚉㄚ㢗࡞࠽࠷࡙᭩ኬ࡛

࡛࠿࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭▩て࡞ᙫ㡢ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ြࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣࡝ ࡾ ࠿ 㸡᧧ ష ᮪ ௲ ࡚ ࡢ 㸡1/f ㄚ 㢗 ࡚ ᭩ ኬ ࡛ ࡝ ࡾ 㸣ណ ᅒ ᛮᑵᗐ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡵྜྷᵕࡡ⤎ᯕ࠿ᚋࡼࡿࡒ㸣ཬᚺᛮᑵᗐ࡞ࡗ ࠷ ࡙ ࡢ ୦ ᮪ ௲ ࡛ ࡵ ࡞ 㸡 Ᏸ ධ ㏛ ᚉ 㸡 1/f, ḿ ぞ ஗ ᩐ ࡡ 㡨࡞఩ࡂ࡝ࡖࡒ㸣4. ⩻ ᐳ┘ᵾᚷྡྷᛮ࠿࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭ࢅᙁࡂវࡋࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛࠿▩ࡼࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ࣚࣤࢱ࣑ᛮ࠿఩࠷࡮࡜࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭࠿㧏ࡂフ౮ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࠿஢᝷ࡈࡿࡒ㸣ふᐳ᮪௲࡚ࡢ஢᝷㏳ࡽࡡ⤎ᯕ࡞࡝ࡖࡒ࠿㸡᧧ష᮪௲࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ␏࡝ࡾ⤎ᯕ࡛ ࡝ ࡖ ࡒ 㸣ࡌ ࡝ ࢂ ࡔ 㸡ᑊ ㇗ ࡞ ✒ ᴗ Ⓩ ࡞ 㛭 ࢂ ࡖ ࡒ ሔ ྙ㸝 ᧧ష ᮪ ௲ 㸞࡚ ࡡ ࡲ 㸡1/f ࡡ ࡹ ࡼ ࡁ ࢅ ᣚ ࡗ ሔ ྙ ࡞ ㏛ ᚉ ࡌ ࡾ ሔྙࡻࡽࡵᙁࡂ࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭ࢅវࡋࡾࡆ࡛࠿ࢂ࠾ࡖࡒ㸣ࡆࡡ⤎ᯕࢅㄕ᪺ࡌࡾ௫ㄕ࡛ࡊ࡙㸡㸧ࡗࡡࡆ࡛࠿⩻࠻ࡼ ࡿ ࡾ 㸣 ࡥ ࡛ ࡗ ࡢ 㸡 1/f ࢅ ࡵ ࡗ 㐘 ິ ⮤ మ ࠿ ⏍ ∸ ࡼ ࡊ ࡂᅒ 㸩 㸣㏛ ຊ ᐁ 㥺 ࡞ ࠽ ࡄ ࡾ ⏍ ∸ ᛮ ᑵ ᗐ ࢅ ♟ ࡌ 㸣ふ ᐳ ᮪ ௲ 㸡᧧ష᮪௲ࡡ㛣࡞ᕣࡢぜࡼࡿ࡝࠾ࡖࡒ㸣ណᅒᛮ㸡ཬᚺᛮ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡵྜྷᵕࡡലྡྷ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ㸣ᠻ ࠍ ࡞ ⩻ ࠻ ࡼ ࡿ ࡾ ࡛ ࠷ ࠹ ௫ ㄕ ࡚ ࠵ ࡾ 㸣1/f ࡹ ࡼ ࡁ ࡢ ⏍ ∸ࡡ㐘ິࡡ୯࡞ኣࡂぜࡼࡿࡾࡆ࡛࠿▩ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ࡈࡼ࡞ 㸡 Miyashita ࡼ [5]ࡢ 㸡 ࣃ ࣖ ࣭ ࣏ ࢿ ࢕ ࢺ ࣞ ࣍ ࢴ ࢹ ࡡ 㐘ິ࡞ெ㛣ࡡ↋ណㆉ࡝ᣲິ㐘ິࢅຊ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛࡚㸡ࣞ࣍ࢴࢹ࡞ெ㛣ࡡࡻ࠹࡝⮤↓࡝ິࡀࢅࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛࡞ᠺຉࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ᠻࠍࡢ㸡㐘ິࡡ࡝࠾࡞࠵ࡾ⛤ᗐࡡࡹࡼࡁࢅᣚࡖࡒᑊ㇗࡞ᑊࡊ࡙㸡ࡻࡽ⏍∸ࡼࡊࡈࢅវࡋࡾࡡ࠾ࡵࡊࡿ࡝࠷㸣ࡵ࠹ࡥ࡛ࡗࡡ௫ㄕࡢ㸡ᑊ㇗࡛┞பష⏕ࡌࡾ஥⮤మ࠿࢓ࢼ࣏ࢨ࣭ࢅវࡋࡈࡎࡒࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷࠾࡛࠷࠹ࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾ㸣⿍㥺⩽ࡢ┞பష⏕ࡡ୯࡚ࣞ࣍ࢴࢹࢅ୕ᡥࡂ᧧ࢀ ࠹ ࡛ ࢹ ࣚ ࢕ ࢓ ࣤ ࢺ ࢙ ࣚ ࣭ ࢅ ⧖ ࡽ ㏁ ࡌ ࡆ ࡛ ࡚ 㸡1/f ࡡ ᣚࡗ࠵ࡾ⛤ᗐࡡぞ์ᛮࢅវࡋࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡒࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ࡓ ࢀ ࠹ ࠾ 㸣ࡐ ࡡ ୯ ࡚ 㸡1/f ࡡ ᣚ ࡗ ࠵ ࡾ ⛤ ᗐ ࡡ ࣚ ࣤ ࢱ ࣑ ࡈ࠿⿍㥺⩽࡞㐲ᗐ࡝஢ῼ୘ྊ⬗ᛮ࡛㏛ᚉᛮࢅវࡋࡈࡎࡒ
ࡒࡴ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷࠾࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾ㸣ᩝ

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ࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝୘☔࠾࡚࠵ࡽ࡝࠿ࡼぞ์ᛮࢅᣚࡗᛮ㈻-3-