10/23 12:40
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24&×,y]O 4 Á Ó " ¢  ~ ĉ ä  ā « ~   " Ď ä74õ½Ò
(1) C. R. Calladine, Theory of Shell Structure (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1983).
(2) T. A. Witten, Rev. Mod. Phys. 7 9, 643 (2007).
(3) L. Mahadevan, A. Vaziri, and M. Das, Europhys. Lett. 7 7, 40003 (2007).
(4) D. Matsumoto, T. G. Sano, and H. Wada, preprint (2017).

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10/23 13:20
招待講演㧗ᐦᗘศᩓ⣔࡟࠾ࡅࡿᵝࠎ࡞ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢྍ㏫࣭୙ྍ㏫⢏Ꮚ㌶㐨㌿⛣㸦ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ㒊≀⌮Ꮫᩍᐊ㸧ᕝ㷂⊛ྐ㸪Ọ⃝ㅬኴ㑻㸪ᐑᓮᕞṇ࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ

ࢥࣟ࢖ࢻᠱ⃮ᾮ࡞࡝ࡢ⢏Ꮚࡢศᩓ⣔࡟㸪᣺ື᣺ᖜࡢ኱ࡁ࡞࿘ᮇ๧᩿ࢆ࠿ࡅࡿ࡜㸪㸯࿘ᮇࢆ⤒࡚ࡶඖࡢሙᡤ࡟ᡠࡗ࡚᮶࡞࠸୙ྍ㏫㌶㐨࡛⢏Ꮚࡣ㐠ືࡍࡿ㸬࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪᣺ື᣺ᖜࡀᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜ㸪ᐃᖖ≧ែ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸯࿘ᮇࢆ⤒࡚㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⢏Ꮚࡀඖࡢሙᡤ࡟
ᡠࡗ࡚ࡃࡿྍ㏫㌶㐨ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(1)㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪୍᪦ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⢏Ꮚࡀྍ㏫㌶㐨࡛㐠ືࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜㸪஧ᗘ࡜୙ྍ㏫࡞㌶㐨࡟ࡣᡠࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢྍ㏫㌶㐨ࡣ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ྾཰≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬పయ✚ศ⋡ࡢࢥࣟ࢖ࢻศᩓ⣔࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᣺ື᣺ᖜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪࠶ࡿ≉ᚩⓗ࡞᣺ື᣺ᖜࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ࡜୙ྍ㏫㌶㐨ࢆྲྀࡿ⢏Ꮚᩘࡀ㐃⥆ⓗ࡟ቑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᵝ࡞⢏Ꮚ㌶㐨ࡢྍ㏫࣭୙ྍ㏫㌿⛣ࡢ᣺⯙࠸ࡣ㸪௚ࡢከࡃࡢ྾཰≧ែ㌿⛣࡜㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㛫ࡢᬑ㐢ᛶࡢ᭷↓࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡶᗈࡃ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[1]㸬ୖグࡢ⢏Ꮚ㌶㐨࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱ぢࡣศᩓ⢏Ꮚࡀὶືࡋࡸࡍ࠸పయ✚ศ⋡ࡢ⣔࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪୍᪉㸪ࢪ࣑ࣕࣥࢢ㌿⛣Ⅼࡼࡾࡶࡣࡿ࠿࡟㧗ᐦᗘࡢ⣔࡛ࡣ㸪ྍ㏫࣭୙ྍ㏫㌿⛣ࡀ୙㐃⥆ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᡃࠎࡣⓎぢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(2)㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪⌧≧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪పᐦᗘ࡜㧗ᐦᗘࡢᴟ➃࡞ሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ヲࡋࡃㄪ࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㛫ࡢᗈ࠸ᐦᗘ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿಠ▔ⓗ࡞⌮ゎࡣ୙༑ศ࡛
࠶ࡿ㸬࠙⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹࠚ

ᡃࠎࡣศᏊືຊᏛἲࢆ⏝࠸㸪࿘ᮇ๧᩿ୗࡢ஧ḟඖࢥࣟ࢖ࢻศᩓ⣔࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ᐦᗘࢆᗈࡃኚ࠼࡞ࡀࡽ⥙⨶ⓗ࡟ୖグࡢ྾཰≧ែ㌿⛣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ࡭ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᐦᗘࡸ᣺ື᣺ᖜ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ࢱ࢖ࣉ㸦ᙉ࠸୙㐃⥆ᆺࠊᙅ࠸୙㐃⥆ᆺࠊ࢚ࣜࣥࢺࣛࣥࢺᆺ㸧ࡢ
ྍ㏫࣭୙ྍ㏫㌿⛣ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪⣔ࡢᶵᲔⓗᛶ㉁ (ࢫࢺࣞࢫ- ࢫࢺࣞ࢖ࣥ᭤⥺) ࢆᖜᗈ࠸ᐦᗘ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ィ⟬ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪≉࡟ࢪ࣑ࣕࣥࢢ㌿⛣Ⅼ㏆
ഐ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿ࢚ࣜࣥࢺࣛࣥࢺᆺࡸᙅ࠸୙㐃⥆ᆺࡢྍ㏫࣭୙ྍ㏫㌿⛣ࡀࢩ࢔ࢪ࣑ࣕࣥࢢ
㸦ࢪ࣑ࣕࣥࢢ㌿⛣Ⅼࡼࡾపᐦᗘ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿ㝆అ⌧㇟㸧࡜῝࠸㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗ
ࡓࡢ࡛㸪ᮏㅮ₇࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ (3)㸬࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
(1) L. Corte, P. M. Chaikin, J. P. Gollub, and D. J. Pine, Nat. Phys.4, 420 (2008).

(2) T. Kawasaki and L. Berthier, Phys. Rev. E 94, 022615 (2016).
(3) K. Nagasawa, K. Miyazaki, and T. Kawasaki (in preparation).

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10/23 13:45

Ta©nÈS"è¹«}rg 0z¢/ñ¦Tê: ñÐeðÔô»ãÀ
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(1) G. Luo et al, Science, 311, 216 (2006).
(2) K. Sadakane, et al, J.Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76, 113602 (2007).
(3) S. Yabunaka and A. Onuki, Physical Review letters, (2017).

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10/23 14:05

Lubricated motion of a rigid sphere in an elastic tube
㸦PMMH-ESPCI, Paris, FRANCE㸧

Marie TANI, Thomas CAMBAU, José BICO and Etienne REYSSAT࠙Introductionࠚ
The motion of large objects through narrow tubes is a common problem in physiology andmore generally in the biological world. We address this problem with a model experiment
where a rigid sphere is displaced at constant velocity inside a narrower elastic tube. We
investigate both the dry sphere/tube contact and the lubrication by a fluid layer.
࠙Results and Discussionࠚ
The friction force in the dry case is well described by the Coulomb law with the pressure
generated by the stretched tube. In the lubricated case, the force is generally lower thanthat in the dry situation. Interestingly, the force increases with ߟܸ to the power 1/3,

where ߟ is the viscosity of the lubricant and ܸ is the pulling velocity. The force also

depends on the geometry and the mechanical properties of the tube. All our experimental
data are well described by a scaling law combining lubrication and elasticity equations.
We furthermore measured the thickness of the lubricant film and found that measured
values well suit with our prediction.

(a)‫ܨ‬ሺߟǡ ܸǡ ‫ܧ‬ǡ ‫ݐ‬ǡ ܴǡ οܴሻǫ(b)

㻌

Silicone oil㻌

Figure: (a) Large sphere pulled in a narrow lubricated elastomer tube: the pulling force
is found proportional to the velocity to the power 1/3, and also depends on the viscosityof the lubricant, the geometry and the mechanical properties of the tube. (b) A series ofpictures during a typical experiment (the radius of the sphere ܴ ൌ ͳͻǤͺmm and the inner
radius of the tube ܴ଴ ൌ ͳ͹Ǥ͸).

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10/23 14:50
招待講演ศᩓࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚࡢᇶᯈ㏆ഐ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᒙᵓ㐀໬ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ᳨ウ㸦ி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸧ኳ㔝 ೺୍ࠊ▼ཎ ᖹࠊす ┤ဢࠊసⰼ ဴኵ࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ
ࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚࢆ⤖ᬗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩚิࡉࡏࡓࡶࡢࢆࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⤖ᬗ࡜࿧ࡪࠋࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⤖ᬗࡣḟୡ௦ࡢኴ㝧㟁ụࡸග※࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㔞Ꮚࢻࢵࢺࡸࠊගࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ࡸගᏛᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣇ࢛ࢺࢽࢵࢡ⤖ᬗࡢᮦᩱ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⤖ᬗࡀ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿ㝿ࠊ௵ពࡢᇶᯈࡲࡓ
ࡣࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⤖ᬗ⮬㌟ࡢ⾲㠃㏆ഐ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊศᩓࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚࡣᒙᵓ㐀໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ
ศᩓ⣔࡟ࡣሷࡸ㧗ศᏊ㟁ゎ㉁ࡢ⃰ᗘࠊࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚࡢ⢏ᚄࡸ⾲㠃㟁఩࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞᮲௳タᐃࡀฟ᮶ࡿࡀࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫬࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡛ᒙᵓ㐀໬ࡀ㉳ࡁࡿࡢ࠿ศ࠿ࢀࡤࠊୖグࡢᮦᩱ㛤Ⓨ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᙺ❧ࡘ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᐇ㦂㸦ࢥࣟ࢖ࢻࣉ࣮ࣟࣈཎᏊ㛫ຊ㢧ᚤ㙾㸧࡜⌮ㄽ㸦ᾮయࡢ⤫ィຊᏛ㸧ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓᡃࠎࡢ᪂つศᯒᡭἲ(1,2)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᇶᯈ
㏆ഐ࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᩓࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚࡢᒙᵓ㐀࡜ࡑࡢᙧᡂ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࡋࡓࠋࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ
ศᩓ⣔ࡣศᏊືຊᏛࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ◊✲ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ⢏ᚄࡸ㧗ศᏊ㟁ゎ㉁ࡢࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ
࡟ࡶ኱ࡁࡍࡂࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⢒ど໬ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ⤒㦂ⓗ࡞࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࡸࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮
ࢆᑟධࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࡢጇᙜᛶࡢุ᩿࡟㞴ࡋࡉࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᐇ㦂࡜⌮ㄽࢆ⤌ࡳྜࡏࡓᡭἲ࡛◊✲ࡋࡓࠋ࠙⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹࠚ
ࢥࣟ࢖ࢻࣉ࣮ࣟࣈཎᏊ㛫ຊ㢧ᚤ㙾࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢥࣟ࢖ࢻศᩓ⣔୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢥࣟ࢖ࢻࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ࡜
ᇶᯈ㛫ࡢࣇ࢛࣮ࢫ࣮࢝ࣈ(3)ࡀ M. Piech ࡜ J. Y. Walz ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᡃࠎࡣࡑࡢࣇ
࢛࣮ࢫ࣮࢝ࣈࢆࠊࢥࣟ࢖ࢻࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ࡜ᇶᯈ㛫ࡢ஧య㛫ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫ࡜ࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄏ
㉳ࡉࢀࡓࣇ࢛࣮ࢫ࡟ศ๭ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᡃࠎࡢศᯒᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᚋ⪅ࡢࣇ࢛࣮ࢫ࣮࢝ࣈࢆᇶ
ᯈ㏆ഐࡢࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚࡽࡢᩘᐦᗘศᕸ࡟ኚ᥮ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࣂࣝࢡ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚࡢᩘᐦᗘࡸయ✚ศ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝ᇶᯈ㏆ഐ࡛ᒙᵓ㐀໬ࡀ㉳ࡁࡸࡍ࠸஦ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࢥࣟ
࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚࡢ⾲㠃㟁఩㸦ζ 㟁఩㸧ࡢ⤯ᑐ್ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝ࠊᇶᯈ㏆ഐ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᒙᵓ㐀໬ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟࡞ࡿ஦ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࣂࣝࢡ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚྠኈࡀᙉࡃ཯Ⓨࡋྜࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ୍㒊ࡢࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚࡀᇶᯈ㏆ഐ࡟㏣࠸ࡸࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊᇶᯈ㏆ഐ࡛ᒙᵓ㐀໬ࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡇ࡟࠸ࡿࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ཯Ⓨࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ⓗ࡟ᦆኻ࡜࡞ࡿ
ࡀࠊࣂࣝࢡ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཯Ⓨࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᦆኻࢆᢚ࠼ࡓ᪉ࡀ⣔඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᏳᐃ࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵୖグࡢᣲືࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋศᯒ⤖ᯝࡢጇᙜᛶࡢุ᩿ࡢࡓࡵࠊ⣧⢋࡞⌮ㄽィ⟬࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ドィ⟬ࡶ⾜ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊⓎ⾲࡛ࡣࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
(1) K. Amano et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 (2016) 15534.
(2) K. Amano et al., Langmuir 32 (2016) 11063.
(3) M. Piech and J. Y. Walz, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 253 (2002) 117.

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10/23 15:15

ΰྜ⁐፹୰ࡢࢥࣟ࢖ࢻศᩓ⣔ࡢࣞ࢜ࣟࢪ࣮
㸦ி㒔኱Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉ 1࣭ENS-Paris2㸧Ⲩᮌ Ṋ᫛ 1࣭Armand Barbot12

࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ
ࢥࣟ࢖ࢻศᩓ⣔ࡢࣞ࢜ࣟࢪ࣮ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚ⃰ᗘࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫┦஫స⏝ࠊࡏࢇ᩿㏿ᗘ࡞࡝࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⃰ᗘࡀᕼ࡛ⷧࠊࡲࡓ⢏Ꮚ㛫┦஫స⏝ࡀᙅࡅࢀࡤࠊศᩓ⣔ࡢᐇຠⓗ࡞⢓ᛶ⋡ࡣ࢔࢖ࣥࢩࣗࢱ࢖ࣥ๎࡟ᚑ࠺ࡀࠊ⃰ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ┦஫స⏝࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚ࠊࢤࣝ໬ࡋ
ࡓࡾ࢞ࣛࢫ໬ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋ⃰ᗘࡀ୍ᐃ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫┦஫స⏝ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࢥࣟ
࢖ࢻࡢศᩓ≧ែࠊจ㞟≧ែࡀኚ໬ࡋࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⣔඲యࡢࣞ࢜ࣟࢪ࣮ࡶኚ໬ࡍࡿࠋ᭱ࡶࡼࡃ
⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ┦஫స⏝ࡢไᚚࡣࠊⲴ㟁ࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ࡟ᑐࡍࡿሷࡢῧຍ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋሷࢆῧຍࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ㟼㟁᩺ຊࡀ㐽ⶸࡉࢀࠊ⢏Ꮚࡣจ㞟ࡋࠊ⢓ᛶ⋡ࡣୖ᪼ࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
ศᩓ⣔࠿ࡽ⬺ሷࡋࠊ㟼㟁᩺ຊࢆᙉࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㛗࠸᫬㛫ࢆせࡋࠊᐇ⏝ୖࠊ୙ྍ㏫ⓗ࡞᧯స࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㏆ᖺࠊ஧ᡂศΰྜ⁐፹୰ࡢࢥࣟ࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚ㛫࡟ാࡃᐇຠⓗ࡞┦஫స⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊά
Ⓨ࡞◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ⢏Ꮚ⾲㠃࡟ᑐࡋࠊΰྜ⁐፹ࡢ㸰✀㢮ࡢぶ࿴ᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊ
⾲㠃㏆ഐ࡛⃰ᗘᦂࡽࡂࡀㄏ㉳ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ⃰ᗘᦂࡽࡂࡀ㔜࡞ࡾ࠶࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫࡟ᐇຠⓗ࡞ᘬຊࡀ⏕ࡌࠊࡑࡢᙉᗘࡣ⤌ᡂẚࡸ ᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐜ᫆࡟ไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊࡇࡢ
ᐇຠⓗ࡞┦஫స⏝ࡀࢥࣟ࢖ࢻࡢࣞ࢜ࣟࢪ࣮࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࠊὶయ⢏Ꮚࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑
ࢡࢫἲࢆ⏝࠸ࠊΰྜ⁐፹୰ࡢࢥࣟ࢖ࢻศᩓ⣔ࡢὶືᣲືࢆㄪ࡭ࡓࠋ
࠙⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹࠚ ᅗࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚࡢయ✚ศ⋡ࡢᠱ⃮ᾮ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
⢏Ꮚࡢศᕸࡢࢫࢼࢵࣉࢩࣙࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋΰྜ⁐፹ࡢ⤌ᡂẚࡣ ࡜ࡋࠊᖹ⾮໬ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊ
⢏Ꮚࡈ࡜࡟ࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡞ຊࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ㸯 DࡣࠊඹᏑ᭤⥺࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡓ⣔ࢆ♧ࡋࠊᅗ E ࡣࠊࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ D ࡛ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚࡣࡼࡃศ
ᩓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡀ⇕ᦂࡽࡂ࡟ᑐࡋࠊᙅ࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᅗ E ࡛ࡣࠊ」ᩘࡢ⢏Ꮚࡀจ㞟ࡋࠊࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ⢏Ꮚ⾲㠃࡜ぶ࿴ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ᡂศࡢ⤌ᡂẚࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᒁᡤⓗ࡟┦ศ㞳ࡀㄏ㉳ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
ḟ࡟ࠊ⣔࡟ࡏࢇ᩿ὶືࢆ୚࠼ࠊ⢓ᙎᛶᣲືࢆ
ㄪ࡭ࡓࠋ⣔ࡀ┦ศ㞳Ⅼ࡟㏆࡙ࡃ࡜ࠊᐇຠⓗ࡞⢓ᛶ⋡ࡀ኱ࡁࡃቑ኱ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ⃰ᗘᦂࡽࡂ࡟
⏤᮶ࡍࡿᐇຠⓗ┦஫స⏝ࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊࢥࣟ
࢖ࢻ⢏Ꮚࡀࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࢆᙧᡂࡋࠊὶࢀ࡟ࡃࡃ
ᅗ 1. ࢥࣟ࢖ࢻศᩓ⣔ࡢࢫࢼࢵࣉࢩࣙࢵࢺࠋ(a)ࡣ
࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ᣐࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ≧ែ࡛ࡏࢇ᩿
㏿ᗘࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿ࡜ࠊ⢓ᛶ⋡ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ┦ศ㞳Ⅼ࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡓⅬࠊ(b)ࡣ┦ศ㞳Ⅼ㏆ഐࡢ≧ែࡶศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⢓ᛶࡢῶᑡࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࡏ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋୖᅗࡣ 3 ḟඖ࡛ࡢ⢏Ꮚศᕸࢆ⾲ࡋࠊୗᅗࢇ᩿㏿ᗘ࡛ࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫ࡢ࿘ࡾࡢ⃰ᗘሙࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ
࡜ࡇࢁࠊࡏࢇ᩿ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜ࡜ẚ࡭࡚኱ࡁ࡞ ࡣࠊ᩿㠃ࡢ⃰ᗘศᕸࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢥࣟ࢖ࢻࡢయ
㐪࠸ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⢏Ꮚ㛫┦஫స⏝ࡣ➼᪉ⓗ࡞ࡲࡲ ✚ศ⋡ࡣ 13%.
࡜ࡳ࡞ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
(1) A. Barbot and T. Araki, Soft Matter (in press, 2017) DOI: 10.1039/C7SM00861A

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10/23 15:35

ࢡ࣐ࣟࢳ࣮ࣥࣝࣉࡢᙧᡂᶵᵓࡢ≀⌮㸦ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ࣭≀㉁⛉Ꮫ㸧ᒣᮏဴஓ࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ
┿᰾⏕≀ࡢࢡࣟࣔࢯ࣮࣒ࡣࠊTAD(topologically associated domains)࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㡿ᇦࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(1)ࠋTAD ࡢෆ㒊࡛ࡣࢡ࣐ࣟࢳࣥྠኈࡢ┦஫స⏝㢖ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡀࠊTAD 㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝㢖ᗘࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࠋ┦஫స⏝㢖ᗘࡣࠊTAD ࡢ୧➃࡛ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ♧ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊTAD ࡣࢡ࣐ࣟࢳ
ࣥࡢ࣮ࣝࣉ࠿ࡽᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(1)ࠋMirny ࡽࡢࠕ࣮ࣝࣉᢲࡋฟࡋ⌮ㄽࠖࡣࠊࢥ࣮࣊ࢩࣥ࡜࠸࠺ࣜࣥࢢ≧ࡢࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࡀࠊࡑࡢෆ㒊࡟ࢡ࣐ࣟࢳࣥࢆ㏻ࡋࠊᢲࡋฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ
࣮ࣝࣉࡢᙧᡂᶵᵓ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆணゝࡍࡿ(2)ࠋࡇࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊࢥ࣮࣊ࢩࣥࡀศᏊ࣮ࣔࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚
ാࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ௬ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ(2)ࠊ༢୍ศᏊィ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊࢥ࣮࣊ࢩࣥࡣ࣮ࣔࢱᶵ⬟ࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (3)ࠋ୍᪉ࠊࢥ࣮࣊ࢩࣥࡢ✰ࡣẚ㍑ⓗᑠࡉࡃࠊ୍ᮏࡢࢡ࣐ࣟࢳࣥ
ࡋ࠿㏻ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ࣮ࣝࣉࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊࢲ࢖࣐࣮ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ
࡞࠸(3)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐇ㦂஦ᐇࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࢡ࣐ࣟࢳ࣮ࣥࣝࣉࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙧᡂࡉ
ࢀࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸽࠙⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹࠚ
ࢥ࣮࣊ࢩࣥࡣࠊ࣮ࣟࢲศᏊࡀ⤖ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢡ࣐ࣟࢳࣥ㡿ᇦ࠿ࡽ㸦ࢡ࣐ࣟࢳࣥ࡟㸧࣮ࣟࢻࡉࢀࠊ࢔࣮ࣥࣟࢲศᏊࡀ⤖ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㡿ᇦ࡛ゎ㞳ࡍࡿࠋATP ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࣮ࣟࢻࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣮ࣟ
ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡢヲ⣽㔮ࡾྜ࠸ࡣ◚ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊࢥ࣮࣊ࢩࣥࡣࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢሙྜ࡟
ࡣࣔࣀ࣐࣮࡜ࡋ࡚࣮ࣟࢻࡉࢀࠊࡓࡲ࡟ࢲ࢖࣐࣮࡜ࡋ࡚࣮ࣟࢻࡉࢀࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡋࡼ࠺ࠋࢲ࢖࣐࣮
ࡣࠊ஧ࡘࡢࣜࣥࢢࡢ୰ࡢࢡ࣐ࣟࢳࣥࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ᥋㏆ࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ┦஫స⏝㢖ᗘࡣࢲ࢖࣐࣮
ࡢᏑᅾ☜⋡࡟ẚ౛ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࢥ࣮࣊ࢩࣥࡣࠊ࣮ࣔࢱᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ
ࣔࣀ࣐࣮ࡣ⇕ᣑᩓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐠ືࡍࡿࠋࢲ࢖࣐࣮ࡣࠊከᩘࡢࣔࣀ࣐࣮࡜┦஫స⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⇕㐠ືࡍࡿࡀࠊࣔࣀ࣐࣮࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡣࠊᾐ㏱ᅽ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃៖࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࣔࣀ࣐࣮࡟
ࡼࡿᾐ㏱ᅽࡀẚ㍑ⓗᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊࢲ࢖࣐࣮ࡣ⮬⏤ᣑᩓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐠ືࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊศᕸ㛵ᩘࡣ࣮ࣟࢲ௜㏆࡛᭱኱ࠊ࢔࣮ࣥࣟࢲ௜㏆࡛᭱ᑠ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞༢ㄪ㛵ᩘ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᾐ㏱ᅽࡀ
༑ศ኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊᾐ㏱ᅽ࡟ᢲࡉࢀ࡚㐠ືࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࣮ࣟࢲ௜㏆࡛ࡣ᭱ᑠࠊ࢔࣮ࣥࣟࢲ௜
㏆࡛ࡣ᭱኱࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞༢ㄪ㛵ᩘ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᚋ⪅ࡢሙྜࡣࠊTAD ࡢ➃㒊࡛┦஫స⏝ࡀࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ
♧ࡍᐇ㦂஦ᐇ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࢥ࣮࣊ࢩࣥࡣࠊ࣮ࣔࢱᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡓ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊࢡ࣐ࣟ
ࢳ࣮ࣥࣝࣉࢆࠕᢲࡋฟࡍࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋヲࡋࡃࡣࠊཧ⪃ᩥ⊩(4)ࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸ࠋ
࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
(1) S. S. P. Rao, M. H. Huntley, ͐, and E. Lieberman Aiden, Cell, 159, 1665 (2014).
(2) G. Fudenberg, M. Imakaev, … and L. A. Mirny, Cell Reports, 15, 2038 (2016).
(3) J. Stigler, G. Ö. Camdere, …, and E. C. Greene, Cell Reports, 15, 988 (2016).
(4) T. Yamamoto and H. Schiessel, submitted to Phys. Rev. E.

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10/23 15:55

࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣐ࢱ࣮ࡢ㉮໬ᛶ࡟⾲ࢀࡿ㔞Ꮚຠᯝ㸦㜰኱㝔ᇶᕤ) ‫ۑ‬క ㈗ᙪ࣭ᮡᒣ ೔❶࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ ➼᪉ⓗ࡞ሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚⮬ࡽࡢ⬟ຊ࡟ࡼࡾ⎔ቃࡢ໬Ꮫ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆຊᏛⓗ࡞௙஦࡟ኚ᥮ࡋ㸪⮬ᕫ᥎㐍ࢆ⾜࠺≀㉁ࡣ͆࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣐ࢱ࣮͇࡜࿧ࡤࢀ㸪ேᕤࢼࣀ࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ࡶ᭷ᮃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣐ࢱ࣮ࡢᢏ⾡ᛂ⏝ࡀ⢭ຊⓗ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣐ࢱ࣮ࡀ≉ᐃ㡿ᇦ࡟⮬ᚊⓗ࡟⛣ືࡋ㸪సᴗࢆ㐙⾜ࡋ࠺ࡿ⬟ຊࢆഛ࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋእሙࢆ༳ຍ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞㡿ᇦ࡛ࡶせᮃ㏻ࡾ࡟࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣐ࢱ࣮ࢆ⛣ືࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪㉮໬ᛶᶵ⬟ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀ᭷
ຊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≀㉁⃰ᗘࡢ㧗࠸᪉ྥ࡟ྥ࠿࠺ሙྜࢆṇࡢ㉮໬ᛶ࡜࿧ࡧ㸪཯ᑐࡢ᪉ྥ࡟ྥ࠿࠺ᶵ⬟
ࢆ㈇ࡢ㉮໬ᛶ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋ໬Ꮫಙྕࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣐ࢱ࣮ࡢ㐠ື᪉ྥࡢไᚚࢆヨࡳࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊࣛࣥࢱࢽࢻඖ⣲࡟≉᭷ࡢ㔞Ꮚຠᯝ࡛࠶ࡿᅄ⤌ຠᯝࡀ㠀ᖹ⾮⣔࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⓨぢࡉࢀࡓࠋ࠙⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹࠚ
⏝࠸ࡓ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣐ࢱ
࣮ࡣࠊpH ࡢ್࡟ᛂࡌ࡚⏺
㠃άᛶ⬟ຊࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿ⏺
㠃άᛶ๣ di(2-ethylhexyl)
phosphoric acid (DEHPA)ࢆྵࡴࢽࢺࣟ࣋ࣥࢮࣥᾮ
⁲࡛࠶ࡾࠊpH ࡢቑຍ࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ࣆࢵࢳࣇ࢛࣮ࢡᆺࡢ
ศᒱࢆ♧ࡍ 1,2)ࠋ
pH ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⬺ࣉࣟࢺࣥ໬ࡋࡓ DEHPA ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᴟᛶᇶࢆỈ┦ഃ࡟ྥࡅ࡚࢔ )LJ  5HODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ FKHPRDWWUDFWLYH LQGH[ DQGࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣐ࢱ࣮ࡢ⏺㠃࡟ OODQWKDQLGH
7KH
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L
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G *G
*G EUHDNE
N DUH
྾╔ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ REVHUYHG
࣐ࢱ࣮ࡣ㈇࡟ᖏ㟁ࡋࡓศᏊ࡟そࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ṇࡢศᏊࡢࣞࢭࣉࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ 3)ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊᡃࠎࡣࣉ࣓ࣟࢳ࣒࢘
ࢆ㝖ࡃࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࣛࣥࢱࢽࢻඖ⣲ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣐ࢱ࣮ࡢ㉮໬ᛶࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ໬Ꮫㄏᑟᛶᣦᶆ࡜ྛᕼᅵ㢮ඖ⣲࢖࢜ࣥࡢ㛵ಀࢆᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡍࠋᅄ✀㢮ࡢ㐃⥆ࡍࡿᕼᅵ㢮ඖ⣲࢖࢜ࣥࡀ⤌࡜࡞ࡾࠊୖྥࡁ࡟ฝᆺࡢ㛵ᩘࢆ♧ࡍ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚ㓄⨨࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ኚ໬࡟ࡼࡿ㔞Ꮚຠᯝࡀ࣐ࢡࣟࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ࡟⾲ࢀࡓ⌧㇟࡛͆ᅄ⤌ຠᯝ͇࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋGd ࡀ᭱ୗⅬ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ㛵ᩘࡀᢡࢀ᭤ࡀࡿ͆Gd ࡢᢡࢀ᭤ࡀࡾ͇ຠᯝࡶ⾲ࢀࡓࠋ㠀ᖹ⾮⣔࡛͆ᅄ⤌ຠᯝ͇ࡀほ ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࡇࢀࡀึࡵ࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖹ⾮⣔࡛ᡂ❧ࡍࡿ RSPET ⌮ㄽ 4)࡛ࣇ࢕ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡍࡿ
࡜ࠊṇࡢ㉮໬ᛶࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸≀㉁ Dy ࠾ࡼࡧ Tm ࡀ኱ࡁࡃእࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
(1) T. Ban et al., Langmuir 29(2013)2554-2561.
(2) T. Ban et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 86, (2017) 101005.
(3) T. Ban et al., Soft Matter 10(2014)6316–6320.
(4) I. Kawabe, Geochem. J. 26(1992) 309-335.

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10/24 9:20
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  [1] H. W. Greensmith, J. Polym. Sci. 21, 175 (1956); A. Kadir and A. G. Thomas, Rubber
Chem. Technol. 54, 15 (1981); K. Tsunoda, et al., J. Mater. Sci. 35, 5187 (2000).
[2] N. Sakumichi and K. Okumura, Scientific Reports 7, 8065 (2017).
[3] Y. Morishita, K. Tsunoda, and K. Urayama, Polymer 108, 230 (2017).

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10/24 10:25

ࢼࣀ✵㛫࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡓ₶⁥ἜࡢຊᏛⓗᣲື㸦ฟග⯆⏘ᰴᘧ఍♫࣭Ⴀᴗ◊✲ᡤ㸧⏣ᮧ ࿴ᚿ࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ
ᆅ⌫ᬮ໬ᑐ⟇ࡢࡓࡵࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ຠ⋡ࡢྥୖࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᶵᲔせ⣲ࡢᦶ᧿ᦆኻࡢపῶ

ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ⮬ື㌴ࡢሙྜࠊ࢚ࣥࢪ࡛ࣥⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ 16.5%ࡀ
ᦶ᧿ᦆኻ࡜ࡋ࡚ኻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡀ࠶ࡾ(1)ࠊࡇࢀࢆపῶࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ₶⁥Ἔࢆ௓ࡋࡓᅛయ㛫ࡢᦶ᧿ࡣࠊᑐྥࡍࡿ஧㠃ࡀ᥋ゐ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᥋㏆ࡋࡓ≧ែ࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿຊᏛⓗస⏝ࡀ㉳※࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣᮍゎ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋBowden ࡸ Taborࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᥦၐࡉࢀࡓྂ඾ⓗࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣࠊձ┿ᐇ᥋ゐ㒊ෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஝⇱ᦶ᧿ࠊղ⾲㠃࡟௜╔ࡋࡓ⭷ࢆ௓ࡋࡓቃ⏺ᦶ᧿ࠊճ᥋ゐ㒊እ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₶⁥Ἔࡢ⢓ᛶ᢬ᢠࡢ୕㡯ࡢᏑᅾࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㏆ᖺࠊࢼࣀ✵㛫࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡓᾮయࡀࠊࣂࣝࢡ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ≉ᛶࢆ♧ࡍ౛ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ(2)ࠊࡑࡢ⢓ᛶ᢬ᢠࡢ㡯ࡍࡽ༢⣧࡛࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ₶⁥Ἔࡢࢼࣀ✵㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿຊᏛⓗస⏝ࢆㄪ࡭ࠊᦶ᧿࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆゎᯒࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠙⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹࠚ⾲ 㠃ຊ ⿦⨨ (SFA; Surface force apparatus) ࡟ ඹ᣺ ࡎ ࡾᐃ (RSM; Resonance shear

measurement)ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ SFA-RSM(2)ࢆ⏝࠸ࠊᑐྥࡍࡿ஧ࡘࡢ㞼ẕ⾲㠃㛫࡟₶⁥Ἔࢆࡣࡉࢇ࡛᥋㏆ࡉࡏࠊࡑࡢ᫬ࡢ᩺ຊ࡜ࡎࡾ⢓ᛶࢆゎᯒࡋࡓࠋ₶⁥Ἔ࡟୍⯡ⓗ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࣃࣛࣇ࢕ࣥ⣔㖔≀Ἔࢆࡣࡉࢇࡔሙྜࠊ⾲㠃㛫㊥㞳ࢆᑠࡉࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ࠊ⾲㠃㛫㊥㞳 10 nm ⛬ᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚᩺ຊࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀጞࡵࡓࠋࡇࡢ᩺ຊࡣ஧㠃ࡢ᥋㏆࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᛴ⃭࡟ቑ኱ࡋࠊ⾲㠃㛫㊥㞳ࡣ 0 ࡟฿㐩ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ᫬ࡢࡎࡾ⢓ᛶࢆホ౯ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ᩺ຊⓎ⏕࡜ྠ᫬࡟⢓ᗘࡀᛴ⃭࡟ቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ㖔≀Ἔ࡟ࡣࠊࢼࣀ✵㛫࡬ࡢ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵ࡟ࡼࡾὶືᛶࢆኻ࠸ࠊ
ᅛయ⾲㠃ྠኈࡢ᥋ゐࢆ㜵ࡂ࡞ࡀࡽᦶ᧿ࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ḟ࡟ࠊᦶ᧿పῶࢆ┠ⓗ࡟₶⁥Ἔ࡟ῧຍࡉࢀࡿ
ᦶ᧿ㄪᩚ๣(FM; Friction modifier)ࢆ㓄ྜࡋࡓ㖔≀Ἔ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊྠᵝࡢゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⏝࠸ࡓFM ࡣ࢜ࣞ࢖ࣝᇶ࡜Ỉ㓟ᇶࢆᣢࡘ୧ぶ፹ᛶ໬ྜ≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋFM ࢆ㓄ྜࡋࡓሙྜࠊ᩺ຊࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ⢓ᛶࡢᛴ⃭࡞ቑ኱ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦ྑᅗ㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࢼࣀ✵㛫࡬ࡢ㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵ࡟ࡼࡿ㖔≀Ἔࡢὶືᛶࡢ႙ኻ
ࡀ FM ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᢚไࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
FM ࡢᦶ᧿పῶຠᯝ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
(1) K. Holmberg, P. Andersson & A. Erdemir: Global Energy Consumption due toFriction in Passenger Cars, Tribol. Int., 47 (2012) 221.
(2) H. Sakuma, K. Otsuki & K. Kurihara: Viscosity and Lubricity of Aqueous NaCl
Solution Confined between Mica Surfaces Studied by Shear Resonance Measurement,
Phys. Rev. Lett., 96 (2006) 046104.

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10/24 11:05
招待講演ࢥࣞࢫࢸࣜࢵࢡᾮᬗࣆ࣮ࣛ୰ࢆఏ᧛ࡍࡿ㟁Ẽ㥑ື㓄ྥኚᙧἼ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙧ
ᡂࡉࢀࡿᅇ㌿ᵓ㐀య㸦⌮◊࣭๰Ⓨ C㸧ྜྷᒸ ₶ࠊⲨᒸ ྐேʩ්ᩓ‫ئ‬

࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ ୍⯡࡟≀యࡀᅇ㌿ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ື
సࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᵓ㐀ࡀ᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡢࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࣉ
ࣟ࣌ࣛࠊ㢼㌴ࠊỈ㌴ࠊࢱ࣮ࣅࣥ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᡃࠎࡢ㌟
ࡢᅇࡾࡢᅇ㌿ᶵᲔࡀࠊከᵝ࡞ᙧ≧ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ

100μm

ᅗ 1: ஺ὶ㟁ሙୗࡢ Ch ᾮᬗࣆ࣮ࣛ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ ᅇ ㌿ ᵓ 㐀 య 㸦 ᫬ 㛫 㛫 㝸 :1.6 ⛊ ࠊ ༳ ຍ 㟁
ᅽ:6.0Vࠊ࿘Ἴᩘ:160Hz㸧

࡜ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࢀࡤ᝿ീ࡟㞴ࡃ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᶵᲔࡣ⮬⏤ᗘࡢప࠸๛య⣔࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭱㐺࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆタィࡋỴᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⌧≧ࡢ≀⌮Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚༑ศྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ
ࡼࡾ⮬⏤ᗘࡢ㧗࠸⣔࡟࠾࠸࡚ᅇ㌿㐠ືࢆࡍࡿ≀య㸦ᮏ✏࡛ࡣᅇ㌿ᵓ㐀య࡜࿧ࡪ㸧ࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
ၥ㢟ࡣ᱁ẁ࡟」㞧࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ✲ᴟ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᏱᐂ⣔࡟࠾ࡅࡿᜏᫍࠊ࢞ࢫᝨᫍࠊ㖟Ἑࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸
ࡣ⏕≀⣔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ATP ྜᡂ㓝⣲ࡸࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢔㠴ẟ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮➼ࡀヱᙜࡍࡿࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓືⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀ࡶఱࡽ࠿ࡢ᭱㐺໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢᶵᵓࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿᡭἲࡣࡼࡃ☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ⌧௦≀⌮Ꮫࡢ 1 ࡘࡢㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ᡃࠎࡣࠊᏱᐂࠊ⏕≀⣔࡜ྠᵝ࡟ከ⮬⏤ᗘ⣔࡛࠶ࡿࢯࣇࢺ࣐ࢱ࣮ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿᾮᬗ⣔࡟࠾࠸࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿᅇ㌿ᵓ㐀య࡟╔┠ࡋࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊᾮయ⁐፹୰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢥࣞࢫࢸࣜࢵࢡᾮᬗࢆ⏝࠸࡚෇ᰕ≧ࡢࢻࣟࢵࣉࣞࢵࢺ(Ch ᾮᬗࣆ࣮ࣛ)ࢆస〇ࡋࠊࡇࢀ࡟஺ὶ㟁ሙࢆ༳ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᅇ㌿ᵓ㐀యࢆⓎ⌧ࡉࡏࡓ(ᅗ 1)ࠋ

࠙⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹࠚ 㟁ሙ↓༳ຍ᫬࡟ࡣࣆ࣮ࣛෆ࡟ Ch ᾮᬗ࡟࠾࠸࡚඾ᆺⓗ࡞ᣦ⣠≧⤌⧊ࡀほἼ≧࣮ࣔࢻࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ 2, 㟼Ṇ࣮ࣔࢻ㸧ࠋࡇࢀ࡟஺ὶ㟁ሙࢆ༳ຍࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊᅗ 2 ࡢ≧ែᅗࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟≉ᐃࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚㓄ྥኚᙧࡀࣆ࣮ࣛෆࢆఏ᧛ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃἼືࡀ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓ㸦Ἴ≧࣮ࣔࢻ㸧ࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࠊἼືࡀᨺᑕ≧࡟ఏ᧛ࡍࢀࡤᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡍ㟼Ṇ࣮ࣔࢻࡼ࠺࡟ 3 ᅇᅇ㌿ᑐ⛠ࡢ ᕳࡁ≧ࡢᵓ㐀ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊྠ᫬࡟ᅇ㌿㐠ືࡀㄏ㉳ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿᵓ㐀ࡣࠊ࢟ࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࠊࣆ࣮ࣛ┤ᚄࠊ༳ຍ㟁ᅽࠊ࿘Ἴᩘࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡶ

ᅗ 2: ஺ὶ㟁ሙୗࡢ Ch ᾮᬗࣆ࣮ࣛ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≧ែᅗ

౫Ꮡࡏࡎࠊୖグࡢ 3 ᅇᅇ㌿ᑐ⛠ࡢࡶࡢࡀᖖ࡟ᨭ㓄ⓗ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⣔࡟࢖࢜ࣥᛶࡢ୙⣧≀TBAB(ࢩࢢ࣐࣭࢔ࣝࢻࣜࢵࢳ♫)ࢆῧຍࡋ࡚ྠᵝ࡟≧ែᅗࢆసᡂࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊἼືࡀ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿ࿘
Ἴᩘ㡿ᇦࡀ 1 ᱆⛬ᗘ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㐪࠸ࡣヨᩱෆ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ୙⣧≀࢖࢜ࣥࡢ஺ὶ
㟁ሙ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᛂ⟅㏿ᗘࡢ㐪࠸࡟㉳ᅉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊୖグࡢἼືࡣ㟁ሙ༳ຍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㥑ືࡉࢀࡿ୙⣧≀ࡢὶື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄏ㉳ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊඹ↔Ⅼ㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ἴ≧࣮ࣔࢻࡀㄏ㉳ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁࡢࣆ࣮ࣛෆ㒊ࡢศᏊ㓄ྥሙࢆゎᯒࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊୖグࡢ㓄ྥኚᙧࡣࣆ࣮ࣛ୰ኸ㠃࡟ᒁᅾࡋࠊ㠃ෆࢆ 2 ḟඖⓗ࡟ఏ᧛ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ
௨ୖࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆ⥲ྜࡋࠊୖグࡢ 3 ᅇᅇ㌿ᑐ⛠ࡢᵓ㐀ࡀᏳᐃ໬ࡍࡿᶵᵓࢆࠊ࢜ࣥࢧ࣮࣮࢞ࡢኚ
ศཎ⌮[1]ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆヨࡳࡓࠋヲ⣽ࡣⓎ⾲࡛㏙࡭ࡿࠋ࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ [1] M. Doi, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 23, 284118 (2011)

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10/24 11:30
招待講演ࢫ࣓ࢡࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ┦୰ࡢ࣑ࢡࣟ࡞ศᏊ㐠ືᛶ࡜ࡑࡢᒙ⛛ᗎኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸦ி㒔኱ᏛཎᏊ⅔ᐇ㦂ᡤ㸧㰻⸨ ┿ჾྡ࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ
ᾮᬗ୰࡛ࡣ㓄ྥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㛗㊥㞳⛛ᗎ࡜ศᏊ㐠ືᛶࡀඹᏑࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀᾮᬗࡢ≉ᚩⓗ࡞≀ᛶ࣭ᶵ⬟ࡢ㉳※࡜࡞ࡿࠋᾮᬗࡢ࣐ࢡࣟ࡞≀ᛶࡣ୍⯡࡟Ⰻࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᾮᬗ୰ࡢศᏊࡢ࣑ࢡࣟ
࡞ᵓ㐀ࡸ㐠ືᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࠸ࡲࡔ༑ศ࡞⌮ゎࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ᭱ࡶᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᾮᬗ┦ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࢫ࣓ࢡࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ A ┦୰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᾮᬗศᏊࡀᒙἲ⥺࡟Ỉᖹ࣭ᆶ┤࡞᪉ྥ࡟ࡑ
ࢀࡒࢀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫬㛫ࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝ୪㐍㐠ືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢᒙ⛛ᗎኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡶ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊⓎ⾲⪅ࡽ࡟ࡼࡾ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࣐࢞ࣥ⥺ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ‽ᙎᛶᩓ஘ἲ
ࢆ 8CB ࡟ᑐࡋ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢫ࣓ࢡࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ A ┦ୗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾮᬗศᏊࡢ㐠ືࢆ࣑ࢡࣟ࡞
ࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝ┤᥋ほࡋࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊࡲࡎᴟࡵ࡚༢Ⰽࡢ࣐࢞ࣥ⥺(Ἴ㛗㹼㸯ύ)࡟ࡼࡾᅇᢡ

ᐃࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ྛ㐠ື㔞⛣⾜ q ࡛㸦‽ᙎᛶᩓ஘࡟ࡼࡿ㸧࣐࢞ࣥ⥺ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᖜᗈ
ࡀࡾࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊq ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿᵓ㐀ࡢ⦆࿴ࡍࡿ᫬ᐃᩘࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ1,2 ࢫ࣓ࢡࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ┦ࡢሙྜࠊᒙࡢ࿘ᮇᵓ㐀ࡣᑠゅ᪉ྥ࡬ࡢᩓ஘ᡂศࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᒙෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᏊ఩⨨ࡢ▷㊥㞳┦㛵ࡣᗈゅ࡬ࡢᩓ஘ᡂศ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᩓ஘ᡂศ࡟࠾࠸࡚࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᖜᗈࡀ
ࡾࢆᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᒙἲ⥺࡟Ỉᖹ࣭ᆶ┤᪉ྥࡢศᏊࡢ୪㐍㐠ືࡢ᫬ᐃᩘࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀㄪ࡭ࡿ

ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
࠙⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹࠚ
ࢫ࣓ࢡࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ A ┦࡟࠾࠸࡚ᒙἲ⥺࡟ᆶ┤࡞᪉ྥࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᒙෆࡢศᏊࡢ୪㐍㐠ືࡢ᫬ᐃᩘ
ࡣ Arrhenius ๎࡟ᚑ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ẚ㍑ⓗ༢⣧࡞ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉ᒙἲ⥺᪉ྥࠊࡍ࡞ࢃ
ࡕᒙࢆ㊬ࡄࡼ࠺࡞ศᏊࡢ୪㐍㐠ືࡢ᫬ᐃᩘ ࡣࠊࢿ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ┦࠿ࡽᗘࢆୗࡆࡿ࡜ࠊࢫ࣓

ࢡࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ A ┦࡬ࡢ㌿⛣ᗘ࠿ࡽప ഃ࡛ᒙ⛛ᗎࡢᙧᡂ࡟క࠺࡜ࡳࡽࢀࡿ ࡢᛴ⃭࡞ቑ኱ࢆほᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࡣ࡭ࡁ஌๎࡛⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࢫ࣓ࢡࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ A㸫ࢿࡋࡓࠋ ࡜ ࡢẚțࡢ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ┦㌿⛣ᗘ㏆ഐ࡛⮫⏺ᣲືࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࠊᒙἲ⥺᪉ྥࡢศᏊ㐠ືᛶࡣᒙ⛛ᗎኚᩘ࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋศᏊ㐠ືᛶ࡜ᒙ⛛ᗎᗘࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆࡉࡽ࡟ヲࡋࡃㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵࠊᑠゅᩓ஘㡿ᇦࡢᅇᢡࣆ
࣮ࢡ࡛ q ศゎ⬟ࢆୖࡆ࡚⦆࿴᫬㛫ࡢ q ౫Ꮡᛶࢆồࡵࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⦆࿴᫬㛫ࡢ q ౫Ꮡᛶࡣᅇ
ᢡᙉᗘࡢ q ౫Ꮡᛶ㸦ࡘࡲࡾ㟼ⓗᵓ㐀ᅉᏊ㸧࡟ᙉࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦ᾮయ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୧⪅ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡣ de Gennes ࡟ࡼࡾᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸧ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⦆࿴᫬㛫ࡢ q ౫Ꮡᛶ࡜㟼ⓗᵓ㐀ᅉᏊࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡜ࠊ㟼ⓗᵓ㐀ᅉᏊࡢ᪤▱ࡢ⮫⏺ᣲືࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ ࡜ ࡢẚțࡢ ᗘ౫Ꮡࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊࢫ࣓ࢡࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ A┦࡟࠾࠸࡚ᒙ⛛ᗎኚᩘ࡟ᙉࡃ౫Ꮡࡋࡓ࣑ࢡࣟ࡞ศᏊ㐠ືࡢᥥീࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊ
࣑ࢡࣟ࡞ศᏊ㐠ືࡢ␗᪉ᛶࡀᒁᡤⓗ࡞ᒙ⛛ᗎᗘࢆ཯ᫎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ

ᐃ࡟ࡼࡾ࣑ࢡࣟ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽᒙ⛛ᗎኚᩘࢆỴᐃ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
(1) Makina Saito, et. al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 81, 023001 (2012).
(2) M. Saito, et. al., Scientific Reports in press.

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10/24 11:55

Field-driven Pattern Formation in Nematic Liquid Crystals: Mesoscopic Simulations ofElectroconvection
Kuang-Wu Lee
CREST, JST (JPMJCR1424), 京都大学 理学研究科
Abstract
As an environment of rich pattern formation, electroconvection (EC) of nematic liquid
crystals (LCs) is studied via fully nonlinear simulation for the first time. Previously, EC ismostly studied by experiments or by linear/weakly nonlinear hydrodynamic theory, of its
instability criteria. While the negative dielectric LCs are used in most EC analytic andexperimental investigations, EC with positive dielectric LC is only limited to experiments
due to its more complex nonlinear behavior. In this work we take a step beyond the existing
weakly nonlinear EC research by using a fully nonlinear particle-based simulation.
To investigate the distinct dynamics of positive and negative dielectric LCs, we modify themolecular potential in the LC stochastic rotational model (LC SRD)1 to incorporate thedielectric characteristics and the field-particle interaction. As results, different convection
patterns known in EC experiments are observed in our simulations, for which thosepatterns appear orderly as a function of external field strength. The simulated director
and flow fields correspond each others well as found in experiments.For the positive
dielectric LC, we discovered a net directional flows2 accompanying the traveling EC rolls.
This numerical model and its hydrodynamic analysis could be used for precise flow control
in micro-scale, such as nematic colloidal transportation in microfluidics.
【結果と考察】Figure. The typical EC with negative dielectric LCs is shown here. Panel a is the x-y
projection of the directors, while panel c is the x-y projection of the flows. The middle panelb shows the bound charges
seen in the x-y plane, for which it is calculated according to Poisson’s equation for
dielectric materials.
【参考文献】(1) K.-W. Lee and M. G. Mazza, J. Chem. Phys., 2015, 142, 164110.
(2) K.-W. Lee and Thorsten Poeschel, RSC Advances, 2017, 7, 42218

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10/24 13:30
招待講演

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³ NR ¹]-µÈ) Water-in-oil-in-water Wò1HM8JO-^á)ÎË&[Û-j )" NR ¹] ño&(}ï ' íño³Ø `d-÷ 
f³È-aç ) ¨' ) [4]
 !*#Ô NR ¹© s¾õ)ÌÕ-à  »y¹©È-Ð NR ¹©!'* h ð ÉÇÔ NR ¹©-åäPs»5KMCH<=7 (N*) È-Ð NR ¹©-ãg
Xx!hðÉÇhåä¢ôN*LC È-80M) Water-in-oil-in-water
Wò1HM8JO (NRN*80M)^á{v)#^á NRN*80M 
S±be§[E2@B=7®ì [5] -¡Î] è%{v)
Ù¬Ü
 NR ï[ú¤)E0BMz 3M@[E=Ø-Û¥)ß½ \T)
, ¿K;I]²éc·] ß½!E=ØÛ¥&~º
E0BMz o-EM3NE0BMz-¡ NR os¾DFT äÖ&(1C
M6Q ð_-´$+E0BMz o-EM3NE0BMz!ð~Ä) ,   '5KL>.ð ûÓ-YU)Ù©o ÷ *) ß½ \T!l¬Æ)Ü '*)R§NRï[ ý-Úw)ð oüP­À a*ë¨½ \T
 '*Ü '*)*!ý°Ýï[-%¹©h åä¢ôRÞo )rÝ ý ß½ ª%\ NRN*¹©!¸m-¡%× ûý$ ##!
H/7N¸]?D/:&)80M ^á!îýß½Pý× ¹©H/7N4F;Mo)¶) ELIXIR ¶ [6] -îÂ+NRN*80M ^á
i$kNRN*80M q:G7@M¼&(N*80M¿« e§[E2@B=7®ì [5]Íæ " NRN*80MÎË-ê+ÎË ^(gÎ|nð&NRN*80M ÎË '*) , pÜ¦Á
[1] N. Ikuma et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 43, 3677 (2004).
[2] Y. Uchida et al., J. Mater. Chem., 18, 2950 (2008).
[3] Y. Uchida et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132, 9746 (2010).
[4] Y. Uchida et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2, 4130 (2014).
[5] Y. Uchida et al., Adv. Mater., 25, 3234 (2013).
[6] T. Akita et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 5, 1303 (2017).

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10/24 13:55

ࢿ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢵࢡᾮᬗ୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌿ഴ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᙎᛶ཰⦰
㸦኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸧ྜྷ⏣ ᾈஅࠊゅ༡ ᐶኴࠊ௒ᮧ ᘯẎ኱ෆ ᬛᘯࠊᑿ㷂 㞞๎࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ
ࢿ࣐ࢸ࢕ࢵࢡᾮᬗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㓄ྥࡢ≉␗Ⅼࡣࢺ࣏ࣟࢪ࢝ࣝ࡞Ḟ㝗࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣂࣝࢡࡢᾮᬗ࡜ࡣ␗
࡞ࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ✵㛫ⓗ࡟ᒁᅾࡋࡓᶵ⬟๰ᡂࡢሙ࡜ࡋ࡚ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶
ࡿ[1]ࠋᡃࠎࡣᇶᯈ⾲㠃࡟≉␗Ⅼࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㓄ྥᐜ᫆㍈ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࢧࣥࢻ࢖ࢵࢳᆺ⣲Ꮚ࡟࠾࠸࡚ேᕤⓗ࡟㌿ഴࢆㄏ㉳࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࡑࡢᙧ≧ࡣ 2 ᯛࡢᇶᯈ㛫ࢆ⤖ࡪࡶࡢ࡟㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ[2]ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ୍ᵝ㓄ྥᇶᯈ࡜ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㓄ྥᇶᯈࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡛⣲Ꮚෆ㒊࡟ᾋ㐟ࡍࡿ࣮ࣝࣉ≧ࡢ㌿ഴࢆㄏ㉳ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㓄ྥᇶᯈࡢ㓄ྥ᪉఩㍈ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࣮ࣝࣉࡢ཰⦰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࠊᶵᵓࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ
࠙⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹࠚ ᾮᬗ⣲Ꮚࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ  ᯛࡢᇶᯈୖ࡛ࢲ࢖ࣞࢡࢱࡢ㓄
ྥゅᗘࡀ␗࡞ࡿሙྜࠊࢲ࢖ࣞࢡࢱ࡟ࡣࡡࡌࢀࡀㄏ㉳ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢲ࢖ࣞࢡࢱࡢࡡࡌࢀゅࡀ±π/2 ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣࡡࡌࢀࡢྥࡁࡢ཯㌿㸦ࣜࣂ࣮ࢫࢶ࢖ࢫࢺ㸧ࡀ⏕ࡌࠊ㌿ഴࡀㄏ㉳ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㓄ྥᇶᯈ࡜୍
ᵝ㓄ྥᇶᯈࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆ⏝࠸ࠊࣜࣂ࣮ࢫࢶ࢖ࢫࢺࡢ
Ⓨ⏕఩⨨ࢆไᚚࡋࡓࠋᅗ  ࡟⎔≧ࡢ㌿ഴ⥺ㄏ㉳࡟⏝࠸ ᅗ 2㸸㌿ഴ࣮ࣝࣉ⏕ᡂ࡟⏝࠸ࡓ(a)ࣃࢱ
ࡓࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ♧ࡍࠋ୍ᵝ㓄ྥᇶᯈࡢ㓄ྥ᪉఩࡟ᑐࡋࠊ ࣮ࣥ㓄ྥᇶᯈ࠾ࡼࡧ(b)୍ᵝ㓄ྥᇶᯈࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㓄ྥᇶᯈࡢ㓄ྥ᪉఩ࡣ࠶ࡿ༙ᚄ r0 ࢆࡶࡘ෇ ࡢ㓄ྥ᪉఩ࡢᶍᘧᅗࠋ
ୖ࡛ࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ w ࡢᖜࢆࡶࡗ࡚π࠿ࡽπ ࡲ࡛ኚ໬ࡍࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࣜࣂ࣮ࢫࢶ࢖ࢫ
ࢺࡣ༙ᚄ r0 ࡢ෇ୖ࡟⏕ࡌࡿࡼ࠺࡟タィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᅗ 2(a)࡟ᾮᬗᑒධᚋࡢ⣲Ꮚࡢ೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾ീࢆ♧ࡍࠋ㌿ഴ⥺ࡣ㯮࠸⥺࡜ࡋ࡚ほᐹࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᙧ≧ࡣࣜࣂ࣮ࢫ
ࢶ࢖ࢫࢺࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ఩⨨࡜࠾࠾ࡼࡑ୍⮴ࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊㄏ ᅗ 1㸸タィ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥᖜ w ࢆ㉳ࡉࢀࡓ࣮ࣝࣉ≧㌿ഴࡢ࿘ᅖ㛗ࡣタィࡼࡾࡶ▷࠸ࡇ (a) 66 μm (b)33 μm ࡜ࡋࡓሙྜࡢ⣲Ꮚࡢ࡜ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᅗ 1 ࡟࠾࠸࡚ r0 ࡣኚ࠼ࡎࠊw ೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾ീࠋࡢࡳࢆᑠࡉࡃࡋࡓሙྜ㸦ᅗ 2(b)㸧࡟ࡣࠊ࿘ᅖ㛗ࡣタィ
್࡟ࡼࡾ㏆࠸್ࢆ࡜ࡗࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࣜࣂ࣮ࢫࢶ࢖ࢫࢺࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ఩⨨ࢆᅛᐃࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࣃ
ࢱ࣮ࣥᖜ࡟౫Ꮡࡋࡓ㌿ഴ⥺ࡢ཰⦰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㌿ഴ⥺ࡢ཰⦰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᾮᬗ⣲Ꮚෆࡢ⮬⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟ゎᯒࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㌿ഴ⥺ࡢ཰⦰ࡣᐇ
ຠⓗ࡞ࣜࣂ࣮ࢫࢶ࢖ࢫࢺ఩⨨ࡢኚ໬࡟ࡼࡿᙎᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢୖ᪼࡜㌿ഴ⥺ࡢ▷⦰࡟ࡼࡿ࢚ࢿ
ࣝࢠ࣮ῶᑡࡢࡘࡾྜ࠸ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋヲ⣽ࡣᙜ᪥ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ
࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
(1)X. Wang et al., Nat. Mater. 15, 106 (2016). (2)H. Yoshida et al., Nat. Commun. 6, 7180 (2015).

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10/24 14:15<TV¶§DV'¼Ä$Ò¯ó"'eĈùd
Ċ\~üÀċÐÃąZ
(NAS Ukraine) Andriy Nych, Uliana Ognysta(Univ. of Ljubljana/Jožef Stefan Institute) Slobodan Žumer, Igor Muševič¶§(É'Ó%°$Ò¯ó0_É±ý6Ï"2{Î(/%»À'Þx·ÌÕî"

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<TUI76©á¬DV_É±ý6v.°$Ò¯ó64"6ôÛ`Àì%{£cæ×%1

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4"6ċ«ÌÕ!

('1$<TV¶§'Ò¯ó6eĈù!ÈãÚ­"eĈùd6£cæ×%1Ú­"Ý

²/4è-6Ù]4[2]
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4¯ó'wª(£Å nm Ô$'!ae0 Jones

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4«ÌÕ!(DV'á¬%á$¥u%( Bloch 'À%{Ąµú6yÈ$¥u%(9MV=Ybm6öl%Ýk´6Â

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χij !çñ4ôÛ`Àì%{æ×¶§'ëĂ¾IXEV( εijČεiso δij+εa χij "¨4"Ċδij ( Kronecker 'JVFεiso " εa (¶§'»!³,4£ċ,eĈù%

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DV!Á4NV>'?WBIUH>PVYÉ'Ò¯ó6àBT8B1

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 'ÌÕ(ÑÌï(JP25400437, JP17H02947)Slovenian Research Agency (P1-0099, J1-6723,
J1-7300), Center of Excellence NAMASTE (Slovenia)1)»ðJN8BĆzhtÌÕ¹'¡%13á$pÝ¤½(1) J. Fukuda and S. umer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 017801 (2010); Phys. Rev. Lett. 106,097801 (2011); Nature Commun. 2, 246 (2011).
(2) A. Nych, J. Fukuda, U. Ognysta, S. umer and I. Muevi, Nature Phys.
DOI:10.1038/nphys4245

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10/24 14:35

ࢲ࢖ࣞࢡࢱ࣮᪉ྥ࡟ᙉㄏ㟁ⓗᕧ኱ศᴟࢆ♧ࡍ㧗ὶືᛶᾮᬗ
㸦1 ஑኱ඛᑟ◊, 2 ஑኱㝔⥲⌮ᕤ, 3 JNC ▼Ἔ໬Ꮫ㸧すᕝᾈ▮ 1, ᇛୗ࿴ஓ 2, ᵽཱྀ༤⣖ 1,ዟᮧὈᚿ 1, 㛗㇂ሙᗣᏹ 3, ᒣᮏ┿୍ 3, బ㒓ᘯẎ 3, ⳥ụ⿱Ⴙ 1࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ
ᴟᛶศᏊ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ➼᪉ᛶᾮయࡢㄏ㟁⋡ࡣࠊ୍⯡࡟ࠊᵓᡂศᏊࡢ཮ᴟᏊ࣮࣓ࣔࣥࢺࡢ㓄ྥศᴟ࡟ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀࡿࠋỈࠊࢠ㓟࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢽࢺࣟ࣋ࣥࢮࣥࡣࠊ኱ࡁ࡞ㄏ㟁⋡ࢆ♧ࡍᴟᛶᾮయ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࠊ36㹼80 ⛬ᗘࡢㄏ㟁⋡ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᾮᬗ࡛࠶ࡿࢿ࣐ࢳࢵࢡᾮᬗࡣࠊศᏊᙧ≧␗᪉ᛶ࡟⏤᮶ࡋ࡚ࠊࢲ࢖ࣞࢡࢱ࣮࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᖹ⾜ࠊᆶ┤᪉ྥ࡟஧ࡘࡢㄏ㟁⋡ࢆࡶࡘࠋࡇࢀࡽ஧
ࡘࡢㄏ㟁⋡ࡢᕪࡣㄏ㟁␗᪉ᛶ࡜ࡼࡤࢀࠊᾮᬗࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔜せ࡞ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ୍ࡘ
࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖࠊࢿ࣐ࢳࢵࢡᾮᬗࡢㄏ㟁␗᪉ᛶࡢ⤯ᑐ್ࡣ 0㹼20 ⛬ᗘࠊ኱ࡁࡃ࡚ࡶ 100⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࠊᡃࠎࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᾮᬗᮦᩱࡢᖖ㆑ࢆそࡍࠊ⣙ 10,000 ࡢᕧ኱࡞ㄏ㟁␗᪉ᛶ
ࢆⓎ⌧ࡍࡿ㧗ὶືᛶᾮᬗ໬ྜ≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ✀ࠎࡢ≀ᛶ ᐃ㸦೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹࠊDSCࠊ
XRDࠊㄏ㟁⦆࿴ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ

ᐃࠊศᴟ཯㌿㟁ὶ ᐃࠊ➨஧ḟ㧗ㄪἼἲ㸧࠿ࡽᮏ≀㉁ࡣࢫ࣓ࢡ

ࢳࢵࢡ┦ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛗㊥㞳ࡢ୪㐍⛛ᗎࢆ᭷ࡏࡎࠊࢲ࢖ࣞࢡࢱ࣮࡟ᖹ⾜᪉ྥ࡟ᙉㄏ㟁ⓗᛂ⟅ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆඖ࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᕧ኱ศᴟⓎ⌧࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࠋ
࠙⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹࠚ
1,3-ࢪ࢜࢟ࢧࣥ㒊఩ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿྵࣇࢵ⣲ᾮᬗᮦᩱ㸦DIO㸧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊㄏ㟁⦆࿴ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ

ᐃ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㧗ὶືᛶࢆక࠺ᾮᬗ ᗘ㡿ᇦ㸦MP ┦㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚⣙ 10,000 ࡢ␗ᖖ࡟኱
ࡁ࡞ㄏ㟁␗᪉ᛶࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࠋᑠゅ࠾ࡼࡧᗈゅ X ⥺ᅇᢡᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࠊMP ┦ࡢ ᗘ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㗦࠸ᅇᢡࣆ࣮ࢡࡣほࢵࢡ┦࡛ほ

ࡉࢀࡎࠊ㏻ᖖࡢࢿ࣐ࢳ

ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᖹᆒศᏊ㛫㊥㞳࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿᩓₔ࡞ࣁ࣮ࣟࡀᗈゅഃ࡟ࠊ2.2 nm ࿘ᮇࡢ▷㊥㞳⛛ᗎ࡟㉳ᅉᅗ 1㸸DIO ࡢྛᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄏ㟁␗᪉ᛶ㸦࿘Ἴᩘ㸸㸯 kHz㸧ࡍࡿࣈ࣮ࣟࢻ࡞ࣆ࣮ࢡࡀᑠゅഃ࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞
ࡀࡽࠊ೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾ほᐹ࠿ࡽࡣࠊࢿ࣐ࢳࢵࢡ┦࡛ࡣ㏻ᖖほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸୙ᆒ୍࡞◁≧⤌⧊࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ➽≧ࡢḞ㝗ࢆక࠺
Schlieren ⤌⧊ࡀ MP ┦࡟࠾࠸࡚ほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊDIO
ࡣ MP ┦࡟࠾࠸࡚ 4.4 μC cm−2 ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ศᴟ್ࢆక࠺ศᴟ཯㌿ࢆ♧ࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᙉㄏ㟁య࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿྎᙧᆺࡢ PE ࣄࢫࢸࣜࢩࢫ᭤⥺ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧ࠋ㟁ሙ↓༳ຍ᫬࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡣ MP ┦ෆࡢศᏊ㓄ྥࡣ୙ᆒ୍࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊศᴟ཯㌿ᛂ⟅ࢆ♧ࡍ㟁ሙࢆ༳ຍࡋࡓ≧ែ࡛ࡣࢲ࢖ࣞࢡࢱ࣮ࡀ㟁ሙ

ᅗ 2㸸DIO ࡢྛྛ ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᴟ
㔞࡜ MP ┦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ P-E ᭤⥺᪉ྥ࡟ᖹ⾜࡜࡞ࡿᆒ୍࡞㓄ྥ≧ែࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ➨஧ḟ㧗ㄪἼ㸦SHG㸧ἲ࡟ࡼࡾࠊMP ┦࡟࠾࠸࡚኱ࡁ࡞ SH ಙྕࢆᚓࡓࠋ࢖࢜ࣥ㟁ὶࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᤼㝖ࡋࡓศᴟ཯㌿ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ SHG ᖸ΅ἲࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㟁ሙ༳ຍࡢࡶ࡜ࠊMP ┦࡛➢ྕࡢ␗࡞ࡿ SHG ᖸ΅ࣇࣜࣥࢪࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊMP ┦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୍᪉ྥ࡟ᥞࡗࡓศᏊศᴟ㓄ิࡀࢲ࢖ࣞࢡࢱ࣮࡟ἢࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡋࠊᕧどⓗ࡞ᙉㄏ㟁ᛶࡀⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋᕧ኱
ศᴟⓎ⌧࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟㛵ࡍࡿヲ⣽ࡣᙜ᪥Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࠋ

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10/24 15:20
招待講演

First “molecular movie” of photoresponsive liquid crystalsÓMÃhlhlÉ ¿wS¾[,l©¬ª [lqÔÒ¶rv"SZ[/¼"SU,|¡sÆz-,"-%

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]³(1) S. Saito*, et al. Nature Commun. 2016, 7, 12094.
(2) M. Hada*, S. Saito*, Y. Shigeta*, K. Onda*, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, in revision.

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10/24 15:45
招待講演᱁Ꮚࣃࢱ࣮ࣥບ㉳఩┦ᕪ㢧ᚤ㙾࡟ࡼࡿᾮᬗࡢ┦㌿⛣㡿ᇦఏᦙࡢ┤᥋ィ㸦୰኱⌮ᕤ㸧∦ᒣ ᘓ஧࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ
ᾮᬗࡣࢹ࢕ࢫࣉࣞ࢖࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⏝㏵ࡀࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᰂࡽ࠿ࡃࡋ࡞ࡸ࠿࡞࡟ኚᙧࡍࡿ⣽⬊⭷ࡶᾮᬗ≧ែࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㧗⃰ᗘ࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ DNA ࡸࡓࢇࡥࡃ㉁ࡶᾮᬗ≧ែࢆ♧ࡍࠋᾮᬗࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢ㞟ᅋⓗ࡞㓄ྥᛶࡀ╔┠ࡉࢀࡀࡕࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢ㞟ᅋⓗ㓄ྥᛶࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡘࡘࠊᰂࡽ࠿ࡃࣇࣞ࢟ࢩࣅࣜࢸ࢕࣮ࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࡑࡢ≉ᛶࢆ㝿❧ࡓࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ
࠺࡟ศᏊ㛫┦஫స⏝ࡀ࣑࣓࣮ࣜࢺ࣮ࣝ࢜ࢲ࣮࡟ࡶཬࡪୖ࡟ᰂ㌾ᛶࢆ࠶ࢃࡏࡶࡘᮦᩱࡣ௚࡟ࡣ
࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ≉ᛶࡀ⏕య⭷ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᰂ㌾࡛࠿ࡘ㛗㊥㞳ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡓ⭷ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛗㊥㞳࡟ཬࡪศᏊ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ఏᦙࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊගᛂ⟅ࢆㄏ㉳࡛ࡁࡿᾮᬗ࡟⦤≧࡟ගࢆ↷ᑕࡋ࡚┦ࢆ୍᫬ⓗ࡟஘ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᅇ᚟ࡢᵝᏊࢆගࡢᅇᢡࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃࡋࠊኚ໬ࡀ 100m/s ࡢ࣮࢜ࢲ࣮࡛㓄ྥ᪉ྥࡢࡳࡢኚ໬ࢆక࠸ఏᦙࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠋ1) ௒ᅇࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞┦ࡢኚ໬ࢆ┤᥋࢖࣓࣮ࢪ
ࣥࢢ࡛ࡁࡿ㢧ᚤ㙾ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊ┦ኚ໬ࡢఏᦙ㐣⛬ࢆほࡋࡓࡢ࡛ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ

࠙⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹࠚ

0 ms

 ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᪤ሗ 1,2) ࡢ㐣Ώ᱁Ꮚ(TG)ἲࢆᨵⰋࡋࠊ⦤≧ࡢࣃࣝࢫ UV ග

10 ms

ࢆヨᩱ࡟↷ᑕࡋ࡚ࠊᾮᬗࡢ㓄ྥ஘ࢀࢆ20 ms⦤≧࡟ㄏ㉳ࡋࡓࠋ↷᫂ගࢆ↷ᑕࡋ࡚ࠊ30 ms఩┦ᕪ⏬ീࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿගᏛ㓄⨨ࢆసᡂ50 msࡋࠊ᫬㛫ศゎ⬟᭱኱ 10 us ࡛⏬ീྲྀᚓ70 ms࡛ࡁࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋ௒ᅇヨᩱ࡟ࡣ

N-(4-Methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline(MBBA)ࢆᾮᬗࢭࣝෆ࡟ Planer 㓄ྥࡉࡏࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋᾮᬗࢭࣝࡢ

120 msࠊ
FigureLattice-pattern pump phase image sequencesof MBBA after a UV pulse irradiation.

ᗘࢆ30Υ࡟タᐃࡋࡓࠋFigure ࡟඾ᆺⓗ࡞఩┦ᕪ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ⏬ീࢆ♧ࡍࠋFigure ࡟♧ࡍ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ⦤≧࡟ᒅᢡ⋡ࡢኚ໬ࡀㄏ㉳ࡉࢀࠊᚎࠎ࡟✵㛫ⓗ࡞ᗈࡀࡾࡸ⊃ࡲࡾࢆక࠸࡞ࡀࡽ⦆࿴ࡍࡿᵝᏊࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋບ㉳ගࡢᙉᗘࡢኚ໬ࡸタᐃࣙࢵࢡἼࡀほᗘࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㢧ⴭ࡞㠀⥺ᙧᛂ⟅ࡸࢩࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᾮᬗࡢගᏛ㠀⥺ᙧᛶࡢ㉳ᅉ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧㇟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼

ࡽࢀࡿࠋⓎ⾲࡛ࡣࠊほ ࡉࢀࡿ⌧㇟࡜ࡑࡢ≀⌮ⓗ㉳ᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
(1) T. Sato and K. Katayama, Sci. Rep. 7, 44801 (2017).

(2) T. Sato, K. Katayama, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 644, 44 (2017).

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10/24 16:10

¡Â)=;HB:<I(2­V­VØ¾)·Í
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10/25 9:20
基調講演

Some new aspects of three-sphere swimmers
Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityShigeyuki Komura
 First, we discuss the locomotion of a three-sphere microswimmer [1] in a viscoelastic mediumand

propose a new type of active microrheology [2]. We derive a relation that connects the averageswimming velocity and the frequency-dependent viscosity of the surrounding medium. In this relation,
the viscous contribution can exist only when the time-reversal symmetry is broken, whereas the elastic
contribution is present only when the structural symmetry of the swimmer is broken. Purcell's scallop
theorem breaks down for a three-sphere swimmer in a viscoelastic medium.
Next, we discuss the dynamics of a generalized three-sphere microswimmer in which the spheresare connected by two elastic springs [3]. The natural length of each spring is assumed to undergo aprescribed cyclic change. We analytically obtain the average swimming velocity as a function of thefrequency of cyclic change in the natural length. In the low-frequency region, the swimming velocity
increases with frequency, and its expression reduces to that of the original three-sphere model by
Najafi and Golestanian. Conversely, in the high-frequency region, the average velocity decreases withincreasing frequency. Such behavior originates from the intrinsic spring relaxation dynamics of anelastic swimmer moving in a viscous fluid.
Finally, we discuss the directional motion of an elastic three-sphere micromachine in which thespheres are in equilibrium with independent heat baths having different temperatures (see Fig.1) [4].
Even in the absence of prescribed motion of the springs, such a micromachine can gain a net motion
due purely to thermal fluctuations. A relation connecting the average velocity and the temperatures ofthe spheres is analytically obtained. This velocity can also be expressed in terms of average heat flows
in the steady state. Our model suggests a new mechanism for locomotion of micromachines innonequilibrium biological systems.

η

x1
T1
a

KA

x2

KB

T2

x3
T3

Fig.1: Thermally driven elastic three-sphere micromachine in a viscous fluid.
References[1] A. Najafi and R. Golestanian, Phys. Rev. E 69, 062901 (2004).
[2] K. Yasuda, R. Okamoto, and S. Komura, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 86, 043801 (4pp) (2017).
[3] K. Yasuda, Y. Hosaka, M. Kuroda, R. Okamoto, and S. Komura, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 86, 093801(2017).
[4] Y. Hosaka, K. Yasuda, I. Sou, R. Okamoto, S. Komura, to be published in JPSJ.

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10/25 10:00
招待講演

Microswimmer bÓä,/.ørïeµ-Â^çÍ+.2AHK;-¹æ} _ 1ĂJohn Jairo Molina2Ă¤ôL 2,3
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&,¡lÈ&,¡lÈ®e¬ªĀNAEKo#ā! BCM{/%ăNAEK!6E8:K`l1ÇÄ,/.ă¤Ö§!ĂSquirmer bÓ&,/.¡lÈ

C4=9B®e¬ª¾.1ÇăµĂNAEK!6E8:FI7ìq.|ZÃR[¼Ìóã.1Çp.ă
hØ¶(1) M. J. Lighthill, Commun. PureAppl. Math., 5, 109 (1952)(2) NO, J. J. Molina, and R. Yamamoto, arXiv:1606.03839 (2016)

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10/25 10:25

ᚤ⏕≀ࡢ⾜ື࡟ᑐࡍࡿຊᏛⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸸ቨ㠃௜㏆࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⧄ẟ⹸㐟Ὃ㸦ி኱⌮㸧኱ᮧ ᣅஓࠊすୖ ᖾ⠊ࠊᕷᕝ ṇᩄࠊ㸦ᮾ໭኱ᕤ㸧┿㘠 ‽୍ࠊ▼ᕝ ᣅྖ࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ
㐟Ὃᚤ⏕≀ࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ⧄ẟ⹸ࡣỈ⏺⏕ែ⣔࡟࠾࠸࡚Ḟ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ᙺ๭ࢆᣢࡘࠋ⎔ቃኚ໬ࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸⮬↛⏺࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⧄ẟ⹸ࡣእ㒊ὶࢀ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࠊᰤ㣴ศࡀሁ✚ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ᅛᾮ
⏺㠃௜㏆࡟ከࡃศᕸࡍࡿࠋ࡛ࡣࠊỈ୰ࢆ⮬⏤࡟㐟Ὃࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ⧄ẟ⹸ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓࢝ࢽ
ࢬ࣒࡛ᅛᾮ⏺㠃௜㏆࡟㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢ㐟Ὃ㐠ືࡢၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊὶయຊᏛࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡍࡿᡭἲࡀ㏆ᖺ┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣐࢖ࢡ
ࣟࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢ㐟Ὃయ㸦࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢫ࢖࣐࣮㸧ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ὶయࣔࢹࣝࠊSquirmer model ࡟ࡣࠊ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢫ࢖࣐࣮࿘ࡾ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿὶࢀሙ࠿ࡽศ㢮ࡋࡓ pusherࠊpullerࠊneutral swimmer࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸱ࡘࡢ㐟Ὃࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋpusherࠊpuller ࡟ᒓࡍࡿᚤ⏕≀㐟Ὃ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᐇ
㦂࣭⌮ㄽ࡜ࡶ࡟◊✲ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸦1,2㸧ࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ⧄ẟ⹸㐟Ὃࡣ neutral swimmer ࡟ᒓࡍࡿࡀࠊὶయຊᏛⓗ࡞ほⅬ࡛ࡢᐇ㦂ⓗ◊✲ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ᩘ್ィ⟬࡛ࡣࠊneutral swimmerࡣቨ㠃࠿ࡽ㞳ࢀࡿ᪉ྥ࡟㐠ືࡋࠊቨ㠃௜㏆࡟㞟ࡲࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᐇ㝿ࡢᚤ⏕≀ࡀ♧ࡍᛶ㉁࡜ᐃᛶⓗ࡟▩┪ࡍࡿⅬࡶぢࡽࢀࡿ㸦3㸧ࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊᐃ㔞ᐇ㦂࡜ὶయᩘ್ィ⟬ࡢ୧᪉ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ቨ㠃௜㏆࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⧄ẟ⹸㐟ὋࡢຊᏛⓗ࡞࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢゎ᫂ࢆヨࡳࡓࠋ࠙⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹࠚ

ᐇ㦂࡟ࡣࣔࢹࣝ⏕≀࡛࠶ࡿ⧄ẟ⹸ Tetrahymena pyriformis ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢ༢⣽⬊⏕≀ࡣ ᡥ㛗 ᴃ෇య࡟㏆࠸ࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞ᙧ≧ࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊὶࢀሙࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡣ᫂☜࡞
neutral swimmer ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽὶయࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ㐟Ὃ㐠ືࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿࡢࡀẚ㍑ⓗጇᙜ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ゝ ࠼ ࡿ ࠋ ⣽ ⬊ ࡀ ቨ 㠃 ࡟ ⾪ ✺ ࡍ ࡿ ▐ 㛫 ࢆ 㢧 ᚤ 㙾 ࡛ ほ ࡋ ࡓ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ ࠊ T.

pyriformis ࡣ࠶ࡿゅᗘࢆಖࡗࡓࡲࡲቨ㠃ୖࢆࢫࣛ࢖ࢻࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆⓎぢࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯(a)㸧ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ヲ⣽࡞ᐇ㦂࠿ࡽ⧄ẟᡴࡢ≉㉁ࢆぢฟࡋࠊࡇࡢ⧄ẟᡴࡢᛶ㉁ࢆὶయࣔࢹࣝ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ᩘ್ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊᴃ෇యࡢ
ࣔࢹࣝࢫ࢖࣐࣮࡛ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆࡼࡃ෌⌧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯(b)㸧ࠋᮏ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ⧄ẟ⹸ࡢቨ㠃௜㏆ࡢ㐠ືࡣࠊ⧄ẟᡴࡢᛶ㉁ࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡵࡤຊᏛⓗ࡟ㄝ᫂ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊຠ⋡Ⰻࡃቨ㠃ୖࢆືࡁᅇࡿࡓࡵ࡟⧄ẟ୰ࡀഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ௙⤌ࡳࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

ᅗ㸯(a)ቨ㠃ୖࢆࢫࣛ࢖ࢻࡍࡿ⧄ẟ⹸ࠋ(b)ቨ㠃࡜⾪✺ࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝࢫ࢖࣐࣮ࡢ㌶㊧࡜ྥࡁࠋ࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
(1) Kantsler, V., Dunkel, J., Polin, M. & Goldstein, R. E. PNAS 110, 1187̽1192 (2013).
(2) Ishimoto, K. & Gaffney, E. A. J. Theor. Biol. 360, 187–199 (2014).
(3) Li, G. J. & Ardekani, A. M. Phys. Rev. E 90, 1–12 (2014).

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10/25 11:05
招待講演

ポワズイユ流れ中のアクティブソフトマターのダイナミクス（京都大学

福井謙一記念研究センター）多羅間充輔【はじめに】

自分自身の内部で化学エネルギーなどを力学的な力に変換し、対称性を破ることで自律的に運動するものをアクティブマターと呼ぶ。たとえば生物系で見られる多くの運動はその例であり、微生物から生体細胞やマクロな生物個体まで様々なものが含まれる。また人工物質の系でも、たとえば水面に置かれた樟脳粒や油やアルコールの液滴などは、界面エネルギーの不均一性により自律的に運動することが知られている。またヤヌスコロイド粒子も表面での化学反応などにより自発運動を示すことがある。

外界からの影響を受けるときのアクティブマターは、自発的な運動と受動的な運動とが拮抗することで、興味深いダイナミクスを示す。そのような外界からの刺激には化学的なものと力学的なものとがある。特に、流体中あるいは流体の表面を泳動する粒子に対して、周囲の流体の影響は無視できない。

アクティブマターの流れの中での運動を理論的に研究するとき、しばしば、線形剪断流(1)やポワズイユ流、円形流れ(2)などの特徴的な流れを仮定する。本研究では、ポワズイユ流れの中でのアクティブマターの運動を考える。

【結果と考察】粒子が硬く変形しない場合は、これまでに運動の解析が行われてきた。特に円形や楕円型の粒子の場合、流れの中心線の周りを振動しながら運動するswinging motionと、粒子の回転を伴って運動するtumbling motionとが存在することが報告された(3)。

我々は、自己推進する液滴などのように、粒子の形が変形する場合について理論的に解析を行った。最低次の形の変形モードである楕円型の変形を考慮し、周囲の流れ場の影響下でのアクティブソフトマターの運動を記述するモデル(4)を用いた。対称性から変形の長軸の方向に進む傾向のある「痩せた」粒子と短軸に沿って運動する「太った」粒子とが考えられる。
粒子が硬い場合にも「痩せた」粒子と「太った」粒子とが考えられるが、この場合には運動に質的な違いは見られなかった。一方で、粒子が柔らかく変形の自由度があるとき、これら二つの粒子は質的に異なるダイナミクスを示すことを発見した(5)。

【参考文献】(1) M. Tarama, A.M. Menzel, B. ten Hagen, R. Wittkowski, T. Ohta, and H. Löwen, J. Chem. Phys.
139, 104906 (2013).
(2) M. Tarama, A.M. Menzel, and H. Löwen, Phys. Rev. E 90, 032907 (2014).
(3) A. Zöttl and H. Stark, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 218104 (2012); Eur. Phys. J. E 36, 4 (2013).
(4) M. Tarama, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 86, 101011 (2017).
(5) M. Tarama, Phys. Rev. E 96, 022602 (2017).

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10/25 11:30

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