Electron storage ring based tabletop
light source, MIRRORCLE
for protein crystallography
Hironari Yamada
SLLS Ritsumeikan University
Large scale SR

4MeV MIRRORCLEMIRRORCLE

1MeV Injector
Microtroncontents
1. What is MIRRORCLE
2. MIRRORCLE is a storage ring which generate
extremely bright FIR
3. How to generate hard x-rays by a few MeV
storage ring
4. How it’s different from synchrotron light sourceor X-ray tube.
5. Beam line, in which different energy is extracted
to the same direction by a single monochrometer
6. Demonstration of Dispersive EXAFS
7. Intensity of monochromatic beam is enough toproceed crystallography
8. Small angle scattering is advanced with
MIRRORCLEMIRRORCLE is a low energy, tabletop
electron storage ring

Microtron
Injector

Storage ring60cm

MIRRORCLE’s

2003年稼動

2006年稼動

MIRRORCLE 6X (6FIR)

FIR spectroscopy
MIRRORCLE-CV1
2008年に成功

MIRRORCL 20SX

X-raycharacterization
EUV lithography

MIRRORCLE CV4

X-ray imaging, NDT

Medical imaging
X-ray microscope

MIRRORCLE is a storage ring
4A beam current is accumulated
Damping time:10msec, lifetime:1min without target

Immediate after theinjection

During thedamping

Fully damped

accumulation

Injection is stopped

Beam decay

The observed maximum temperatureof the beam 300deg C represent 4A
beam current, and 0.63mW/B.W. at
11µm wavelength
外内I==

Ps (T , ω , ∆ω ) AdΩ

ps (ω )∆ωdΩhωw2∫∆ωπ 2c3 exp(hw kT ) − 1dωAhωw2∆ωA2 3≈ π c exp(hw kT ) − 1

ps (ω )∆ωps (ω )∆ωHow to generate hard x-rays by a few MeV
electron storage ringThe observed X-ray power is225mGy/min at 150mA injector
peak current and 400 Hz repetitions
Measured by the ion chamber

800W storage ring RFpower is applied

Target is placed

Carbon nano tube target isone of the best

MIRRORCLE generate cone beam

Emitter size
Ａ

Total power
10kW(100W)

Photon density=1010 （ 108 ）photons/sec, mrad２

Ωmrad2

Photon density＝photons／Ω、sec、band width(assuming point emitter size)
Brilliance＝photon density／A

Flux［2π／γ２］

Brilliance andFlux (simulation)

Measure X-ray flux

Why MIRRORCLE is bright?
Mode is fixed by thetarget. All electron
approaches the target
again in the nextcollision.
Repeat injection at
400Hz (Max intensity
is the subject ofrepetition rate)

Δr=±1cm15cm2πΔr =6cm

Betatron tune is near 0.5

How it’s different from synchrotron light source and X-ray tube
AInjector

Synchrotron

1. Highcurrent

Orbit radius=8cm> portable source
stored beam current=4A> High power radiation source

Ｘ線BC

2. Smallemissionpoint
3. Conebeam
4.
PolychromaticX-ray

1-10 µm target> Enables highly
Magnified imaging> distance reduces thescattering background
High energy X-ray¾ NDT of heavy construction¾ 2 color experiment¾ Characterization ofmaterials by monochromatic
X-ray

Advantage of small emission point• fine space resolution inthe imaging• fine energy resolution
with monochrometerConfiguration of magnified imaging
Imaging plate
Imaging Plate: ST-VI（standard）
Reader：FCR-XG1（FUJIFILM Co.）
150μm/pixel Dynamic range
12bitsample

L

10L＝3750(10 times

100times
2L＝750(2 times)
magnificationand 1 µm
size emitter appreciate
1.5µm space resolution
with 150um detector

Fine space resolution
is obtained withoutloosing intensity

Pb1mm
Point

Pt100μm
Point

SOURCE：MIRRORCLE-6X
Detector：Imaging Plate(FUJIFILM, XG-1 150μm/pixel)
S-O distance 400mm

Cu25μmPoint21deifingamsgeni
mgiatmiTest chart
X-ray contact image

W10μm
Point

W10μm
Line

W2.5μm
Line
2016

12.5

108 [LPM]

Polychromatic beam is usefulwhich include more information

2mm・target size: 25μmφ
・Detector: Imaging plate（FUJIFILM XG-1 150μm/pixel）

es nmit
12 ficationigam

White Laue and Topography at 1.5 m dist.
SiO2(111) sample

Energy resolution of monochrometer
吸収係数ＸＡＮＥＳＥＸＡＦＳ∆E / E = ( ∆θ 2 + ∆τ 2 + ∆S ) cotθ Bl

光エネルギーXAFSスペクトル

monochro:Si(111)

Photon Factory
MIRRORCLEMIRRORCLE∆θ：slit opening∆τ：width of Bragg refraction(~10-5)∆S：light source size
l： distance from the source
θB：Bragg angle

Detector size：0.1mm

Source ssize[μｍ]

Source-detector[ｍ]Energy resolution
E/ΔE100
10125
3150005000
5100
Short beam line

Advances of widely spread radiationfrom small emitter and polychromaticbeam• １(10)µmφwire target provide E/ΔE=5000(3000)
at 1m distance• 50mrad spread gives 2keV dispersion

eV2k

Dedicated beam line designing
Top view

Proteincrystal

Different energy X-rays are
extracted to the same direction
λ3 θ 3

X-ray

e-λ2
λ1

targetθ2

θ1

monochrometer（Sagittal bent crystal）

Side view

eX-rayBeam line layoutslitmonochrometertarget

CCD camera
Shieldis 30cm
thick Pb

This facility was originally designed
for LIGA and lithography

Beam line view

Rigaku Mercury CCD was no good3ｍsou fromrcetpoi hentDispersive EXAFS

Dispersive XAFS
3.5

Mo10mm
0.4Mo10um
Sampleなし

0.35
0.3

3.0

0.25mR

2.5

0.2
0.15

2.0

0.1
0.05

1.5

0200

250

300

350

400

450500DXAFS spectrum was taken in one hour
1 hour＞required troidal mirror＞3.6sec

550

Dispersive XAFS

Mo10µm

0.22
0.25

0.17

0.245

0.235
0.23

0.12mµt

mµt

0.24

0.225
0.22
0.215

0.07

0.21
0.205

0.02
19950

0.2
19950

20050

20050

20150
20250
20350
Photon Energy [eV]

20150
20250
20350
Photon Energy [eV]

20450

20450

20550

20550

Present MIRRORCLE’s beamquality and photon density is enoughfor protein crystallography!

Results of 3 hours accumulation
Detector: IP (Rigaku R‐AXIS)
Photon Energy :14keV
Source‐Detector: 3m

S:300,000/pixel
S/B~4,200
BG:70

Problem is thebackgroundWay to manage problems• Introduction of specific shielding• High energy resolution short beam line
• Introduction of vertically focusing elements

MIRRORCLE-20 shielding system
Jack up shielding

Plane schematic view

Microtron injector

Vertical view

Specific beam line designing isnecessary
Bent crystalckthi cerm
1 µ e soulin

Bent crystal

This scheme is feasible by MIRRORCLE
because of its white X-ray!

Measurement of protein shapeby the small angle scattering CTfeasible by MIRRORCLEWe combines SAXS and fan beam CT to measuresnano to 100nm size particles and structure
MIRRORCLE enables the measurement of shape andstructure of protein by using narrowly collimated fanbeam. Small angle scattering and CT is combined

collimator

1 µm gap is feasible by 1 µm
target of MIRRORCLECT algorithmfor SAXS

1~100nm particle could bedistinguishedsummary• Widely spread polychromatic X-ray beam
generated from tiny emitter ofMIRRORCLE is extremely useful inmaterial characterization, protein
crystallography, and imaging• Protein crystallography is possible inminutes with present power of
MIRRORCLE with particularly designed
beam line and specific shielding structure