ANMC21 Joint Project:
Promotion of Environmentally Sound Waste Management andResource Recycling

Yasuhisa TSUKADA
Resource Recycling Promotion Section
Waste Management Division
Bureau of Environment
Tokyo Metropolitan Government
11/15 AM

CONTENTS
CONTENTS
22

PROFILE OF TOKYORIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE
SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN JAPANJAPANESE LEGISLATIONMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMNET
INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENTOUR PROGRAMSSUMMARY

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33

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Geography
Geography andand PopulationPopulation
23 Wards Area
(23 municipalities)
area 622 km2
Tama District(30 municipalities) population 8,803,182
area 1,160 km2
population 4,160,373
TMG Office

Izu & Ogasawara Islands(9 municipalities)
area 406 km2
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4
4 population 27,687(Jan.1.2010)

History
History ofof TokyoTokyo
710
710 MusashiMusashi (Muzashi)(Muzashi) state
state was
was formed
formed inin Kanto
Kanto area.
area.
1603
1603 Ieyasu
Ieyasu Tokugawa
Tokugawa establishedestablished government
government inin thethe town
town ofof Edo.
Edo.
1721
1721 FirstFirst population
population census
census conducted.⇒1.3
conducted.⇒1.3 millionmillion
1868
1868 Meiji
Meiji government
government waswas established.
established.
The
The namename ofof Edo
Edo waswas changed
changed toto Tokyo.
Tokyo.

Japan had modernized social system since this time.

1888
1888 Municipal
Municipal organization
organization systemsystem has
has introduced.
introduced.
1927
1927 FirstFirst subway
subway line
line inin Japan
Japan opened
opened between
between Asakusa
Asakusa andand Ueno.
Ueno.
1931
1931 Tokyo
Tokyo Airport
Airport opened
opened inin Haneda.
Haneda.
1943
1943 Metropolitan
Metropolitan administrativeadministrative systemsystem has
has introduced.
introduced.
1947
1947 New
New systemsystem ofof local
local government
government has
has introduced.
introduced.
1962
1962 Population
Population inin Tokyo
Tokyo reachedreached 1010 million.
million.
1964
1964 Olympic
Olympic Games
Games was
was held
held inin Tokyo.
Tokyo.
1999
1999 Shintaro
Shintaro Ishihara
Ishihara waswas elected
elected toto Governor.
Governor.
“No“No Diesel
Diesel Vehicles”
Vehicles” campaign
campaign launched.
launched.
2003
2003 Diesel
Diesel Vehicle
Vehicle Emissions
Emissions Regulations
Regulations has
has introduced
introduced ininGreater
Greater Tokyo
Tokyo Area.
Area.
2008
2008 C40C40 Conference
Conference onon Climate
Climate Change
Change waswas held
held inin Tokyo.
Tokyo.
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55

The Constitution of Japan66

 All of the people shall be respected as individuals. Their rightto life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness shall, to the extent
that it does not interfere with the public welfare, be thesupreme consideration in legislation and other governmentalaffairs.(Art.13)
 All people shall have the right to maintain the minimum
standards of wholesome and cultured living. In all spheres oflife, the State shall use its endeavors for the promotion andextension of social welfare and security, and of publichealth.(Art.25)
11/15 AMThe Constitution of Japan The Diet shall be the highest organ of state power, and shall be
the sole law making organ of the State.(Art.41)
 Executive power shall be vested in the Cabinet.(Art.66)
 The whole judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court and insuch inferior courts as are established by law.(Art.76)

77

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System
System ofof Government
Government inin Japan
Japan(1)(1)
Legislative

Separation ofPowers

Dietchecks andbalanceselectionSovereignty

Citizen
ExecutiveCabinet
88

checks andbalances
popularreview

publicopinion

Judiciary

checks and balances
11/15 AMCourts

SystemSystem ofof Government
Government inin Japan
Japan(2)(2)
Relationship between the Diet and the Cabinet
 The cabinet shall be collectively responsible to the Diet.
 The Diet chooses the prime minister from among its members.
 The House of Representatives has the right to resolve a motionof no confidence against members of the cabinet.
Relationship between the Cabinet and the Courts
 The Cabinet appoints all members of the Supreme Court.
 The Courts can investigate the decisions of the Cabinet for
legality.
Relationship between the Courts and the Diet The Courts can investigate the constitutionality of laws enacted
by the Diet.
 The Diet can initiate impeachment proceedings to dismiss ajudge.

9911/15 AM

System
System ofof Local
Local Government
Government(1)(1)
JudiciaryCentralCentral Government
Government

Ministries

Courtsinducement
through subsidy

checks byjudgment

Executive

GovernorMayorelectiondemand for
dismissal
1010

Legislative

checks and balances
Sovereignty

Citizen
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Assemblyelectiondemand for
dismissal

System
System ofof Local
Local Government
Government(2)(2)
Legal status 《《TheThe Constitution Art.92-94》
Art.92-94》
 Regulations concerning organization and operations of local
public entities shall be fixed by law in accordance with theprinciple of local autonomy.
 The local public entities shall establish assemblies as theirdeliberative organs, in accordance with law.
 Local public entities shall have the right to manage theirproperty, affairs and administration and to enact their own
regulations within law.
Local entities 《《PrefecturesPrefectures and Municipalities》
Municipalities》
 Prefectures are the upper-level local entities comprisingmunicipalities.
 Municipalities are primary level local entities which takecharge of all local administration.

111111/15 AM

121211/15 AM

History
History ofof JapaneseJapanese Legislation
Legislation(1)(1)
1900 Public Cleansing Law
1954 Sanitation Law
1970 Waste Management Law(Waste(Waste Management
Management andand Public
Public Cleansing
Cleansing Law)
Law)

1991 Law for Promotion of Utilization ofRecycled Resources
1995 Containers and Packaging
Recycling Law1998 Home Appliance Recycling Law
1313

11/15 AMHistory
History ofof JapaneseJapanese Legislation
Legislation(2)(2)
2000 Fundamental Law for Establishinga Sound Material-Cycle Society
Law for the Promotion of Effective
Utilization of Resources(amendment(amendment ofof "Law"Law forfor Promotion
Promotion ofof Utilization
Utilization ofof Recycled
Recycled Resources")
Resources")

Construction Material Recycling Law
Food Waste Recycling Law
2002 End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law
Protecting public health(1900～)(1900～)

Ensuring good living environment (1970～)(1970～)
1414

Encouraging resource recycling
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LegalLegal Framework
Framework
Fundamental
Fundamental Law
Law forfor Establishing
Establishingaa SoundSound Material-Cycle
Material-Cycle SocietySociety
Law for the Promotion ofWaste Management Law Effective Utilization of Resources

Containers and Packaging Recycling Law
Home Appliance Recycling Law
Construction Material Recycling Law
Food Waste Recycling Law
End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law
1515

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WasteWaste Management
Management Hierarchy
Hierarchy
under
under thethe Fundamental
Fundamental Law
Law
Basic principle for the sound material-cycle

society:
1. Source reduction or waste prevention
2. Reuse
3. Recycling
4. Energy recovery
5. Appropriate disposal

Extended producer responsibility: EPR1616

11/15 AMTheThe soundsound material-cycle
material-cycle societysociety
A society where the consumption of natural resources is minimized and theenvironmental load is reduced as much as possible through implementationof 3R measures and appropriate disposal.
Minimize the consumptionof natural resources

1st: Reduction
Reduce wastes

Input of Naturalresources
Production(manufacturing/distribution, etc.)
3rd: Recycling
Recycle things whichcannot be reusedConsumption
Treatment(recycling,incineration, etc.)

5th: Appropriate
disposal

1717

Final
disposal(landfill)
11/15 AMDiscarding

4th: Thermal
recovery

2nd: Reuse
Use things
repeatedly

Law
Law forfor thethe Effective
Effective
Utilization
Utilization ofof Resources
Resources
Industries and manufactures, following the standards
set by the ministry, shall encourage:
 reducing by-products,
 utilizing recycled resources, reducing waste from end-of-life products,
e.g. making products that are resource-saving,durable, easily repaired, etc.
 making products that are easily recycled,labeling products for promoting recycling,1818

 taking back end-of-life products.
11/15 AMWaste
Waste Management
Management Law
Law
PurposePreserving the living environment and improving publichealth through the restriction of waste discharge, appropriatesorting, storage, collection, transport, recycling, disposal, etc.
Feature A general law concerning solid and liquid waste (excluding
radioactive waste and waste polluted by radioactivity).
 Classifying all wastes into general waste (municipal solidwaste, etc) and industrial waste.
 Setting responsibilities of citizens, businesses, the central
government and local governments.
 Adopting license systems for waste treatment businesses andwaste disposal facilities.

191911/15 AM

Classification
Classification ofof Wastes
Wastesunderunder thethe Waste
Waste Management
Management Law
Law

Waste

General Waste
Municipal solid waste,human waste, etc.

Household Waste
General Waste
from Businesses
Commercial waste,
waste from offices, etc.

Industrial Waste
20 items designated by law and decree,
such as sludge, plastics, metals, waste oil,C&D debris, etc.
General/Industrial
General/Industrial Wastes
Wastes Under
Under Specific
Specific Control
Control

2020Hazardous wastes such as PCBs, asbestos,infectious waste, flammable waste, etc.
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RolesRoles ofof National/Local
National/Local Governments
Governments
under
under thethe Waste
Waste Management
Management Law
Law
National Government
 Defining national waste management policy,
 Setting standards for the appropriate waste management,
 Financial and technical support to the local government, etc.
Prefectures
 Establishing regional waste management program, Ensuring the appropriate management of industrial waste,
 Authorization for waste treatment facilities and landfills,
 Providing technical aids to the municipalities, etc.

2121

Municipalities
 Establishing municipal general waste management program, Authorization for general waste treatment agents,
 Treatment of municipal solid waste & human waste, etc.
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Packaging
Packaging Recycling
Recycling Law
Law
Cans and glass bottles
are sold.
Households
Households

Municipalities
Municipalities

Recycling
Recycling Plants
Plantsrecycling costs

packagingpackaging wastes
wastesPET
PET Bottles,
Bottles,
Steel
Steel Cans,
Cans,
Aluminum
Aluminum Cans,
Cans,
Glass
Glass Bottles,
Bottles,
Plastic
Plastic Bags,
Bags,
Wrapping
Wrapping Paper
Paper,, etc.
etc.
2222

responsible forseparate collection

JCPRA
JCPRA
Japan
Japan Containers
Containers andandPackaging
Packaging Recycling
Recycling
AssociationAssociation

recycling costs
responsible forrecycling
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Producers
Producers
Producers
Producers ofof PETPET Bottles,
Bottles,
Bottling
Bottling Companies,
Companies, etc
etc

Home
Home Appliances
Appliances Recycling
Recycling Law
Law

Households
Households

Retailers
Retailers

costs
Home
Home Appliances
AppliancesAir
Air conditioner,conditioner,TV
TV set,set,
Refrigerator,
Refrigerator,
Washing
Washing machinemachine2323

responsible fortaking backresponsible forrecycling

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Designated
Designated Places
PlacesRecycling
Recycling Plant
Plant

Manufactures
Manufactures

Construction
Construction Waste
Waste Recycling
Recycling Law
Law※※ Construction
Construction works
works toto be
be regulated
regulatedzz Demolition
Demolition ofof aa buildingbuilding :: ８０m
８０m22 oror moremore （total（total floorfloor space)space)zz Construction
Construction ofof aa newnew buildingbuilding oror extension
extension :: ５００m
５００m22 oror moremore （total（total floorfloor space)
space)
zz Repairing
Repairing oror Remodeling
Remodeling ofof aa buildingbuilding :: １００million
１００million yen
yen oror moremore (contracting(contracting fee)fee)
zz Other
Other construction
construction work
work :: ５million
５million yen
yen oror moremore (contracting(contracting fee)
fee)

Prefectural Governments
Prior notification

Ａｄｖｉｃｅ ,Order ,Inspection etc

ClientExplanation

Written report

Sorting

Contractor
Concrete
Asphalt concrete
ＷｏｏｄOthers
2424

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RecyclingFood
Food Waste
Waste Recycling
Recycling Law
Law
All Food-related businesses engaged in manufacturing anddistributing food products or providing restaurant services
shall carry out recycling of food waste (through preventionof waste generation, and reduction of final disposal), andraise the recycling rate up to 20 %.
Ministerrecognition

Exception to theWaste Management
Law (Exemption frompermission for thewaste businesses)
25
25

Recyclingplans

Food-related
businesses

food waste,
etc.

Recyclingbusinesses
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Agricultural
products

manure,etc.

Agriculture,
forestry, etc.

End-of-Life
End-of-Life Vehicle
Vehicle Recycling
Recycling Law
Law
Collecting and recycling CFCs, airbags andshredder dust from ELVs that are manufactured
and imported by themselves.
Used parts market
and recycled metalmarket

Airbags

Shreddingbusinesses

Obligation todeliver

Capital managementcompanies
Recyclingfee
11/15 AM26
26

Auto-dismantlingbusinesses

Obligation to deliver

CFC-collecting
businesses

Obligation to deliver

ELV-collecting
businesses

Obligation to deliver/take back ELVs

Car owners

Used carCar owners(new car)

Recycling fee

CFCs

Recyclable parts

Metal,
etc.

shredderdust

Manufactures
Importers
CFC：chlorofluorocarbon

27
27

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Amount
Amount ofof Municipal
Municipal Solid
Solid WasteWaste inin Tokyo
Tokyo
unit : thousand tons

7,000
6,0005,000

TAMA and Islands

4,000
3,000

23 Wards

2,000
1,000028
28

'80

'85

'90
11/15 AM'95'00'05

Composition
Composition ofof MSW
MSWinin 23
23 Wards
Wards Area
Area
FY2009Others6%
Ceramics
13%
Metals
32%
Glass
14%
Home
Plastics appliances
16%
19%

Others8%
Wood, etc.
9%
Plastics
13%

Paper
39%

Food Waste
31%※Plastics※Plastics have
have been
been classifiedclassifiedas
as combustibles
combustibles sincesince 2008
2008

Combustibles
2929

Incombustibles
11/15 AMCollection
Collection ofof Municipal
Municipal Solid
Solid
Waste
Waste inin 23
23 Wards
Wards Area
Area
Households

Collection bymunicipalities

Combustibles
TWICE A WEEK
Incombustibles
ONCE A WEEK

Bulky Wastes(APPLY(APPLY FOR
FOR DISPOSAL)DISPOSAL)

Offices, storesstores,,etc
etc..

30
30

Collection bylicensedtransporters
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Recyclables
ONCE A WEEK
Used
Used paper,paper,
bottlesbottles && cans
cans

MSW
MSW Flow
Flow Chart
Chart inin 23
23 Wards
Wards Area
Area
EnergyRecoveryCombustibles

Ash
Ash Melting
MeltingFurnace
Furnace

Incinerators

AshLandfill

Combustible Residues

MSW

Incombustibles

Pulverization
Facilities

Bulky Wastes

MetalsRecyclables
31
31

Slag

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Residues
Recycling32
32

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Responsibility for Appropriate
Waste Management
Industrial
Waste
Generator ofIndustrial Waste

Permitted
Permitted
Transporter
Transporter

Building Contractors

Manufacturers
Manufacturers
Hospitalsetc.
Hospitals
33
33

Industrial
Waste

Licensed
Treatment
Facility Permitted
Permitted

Transporter
Transporter¾Dehydration¾Pulverization¾Incineration etc.

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Licensed
LandfillIndustrial
Industrial Waste
Waste inin TokyoTokyo
Industrial waste generated
in TOKYO
24,107

Treatment
23,758FY2007
UNIT：Thousand tons
Waste from Others 2%
Manufacturers
6%

Dehydration,Dehydration,Pulverization,Pulverization,Incineration,Incineration, etc.
etc.

Disposal
1,164
3434

Construction& Demolition
Waste
38%

SewageSludge54%

Recycling
7,566
11/15 AMestimated
estimated byby TMG
TMG

Amount
Amount ofof Industrial
Industrial Waste
Waste inin TokyoTokyo
30,00025,00020,00015,00010,000
5,000
035
35

UNIT：Thousand tons

OthersSewage Sludge

8' 2 '8 7 '9 2 '9 7 '9 8 '9 9 '0 0 '0 1 '0 2 '0 3 '0 4 '0 5 '0 6 '0 7
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FinalFinal Disposal
Disposal ofofTOKYO’s
TOKYO’s Industrial
Industrial Waste
Waste
unit:thousand tons

GUNMA
77

TOCHIGI96

SAITAMA98
in TOKYO
218(19%)
KANAGAWA86

OTHERS
142

IBARAKI
56
CHIBA
172

Except sewage sludge,
most of industrial wastes
generated in TOKYO aredisposed of in otherprefectures.

FY20073636

11/15 AMestimated
estimated byby TMG
TMG

Illegal
Illegal Dumping
Dumping
thousandthousand tons
tons

numbernumber ofof sites
sites

700
600

1,400

Number of Sites

1,2005001,000

400

800

300

600

382

200
100

102

Amount of Waste

37
37

200'07'05'0
3'0
1'99'970'95'930

400

nationwide, estimated by the ministry of environment
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3838

11/15 AMTheThe TMG
TMG Waste
Waste
Management
Management Plan：Ideal
Plan：Ideal
Transformation into a
recycling-oriented societyReduction of natural resource
consumption and waste generation
Minimization of environmental risks
in the process of waste treatment
39
39

11/15 AMTheThe TMG
TMG Waste
Waste
Management
Management Plan：Target
Plan：Target 11
Reducing generation and promoting
recycling①Reduce the final disposal of waste to1,600,000 tons in FY2010(Reductionof 35% from FY2004)②Promote recycling waste plastic toachieve zero landfill disposal③Increase the use of construction
mud by 50%4040

11/15 AMTheThe TMG
TMG Waste
Waste
Management
Management Plan：Target
Plan：Target 22
Reduction of environmental risks
concerning waste treatment andrecycling④Establish a system for hazardous
waste treatment within Tokyo⑤Reinforce wide-area cooperation in
the metropolitan area to eradicate
illegal dumping of industrial waste
4141

11/15 AMTheThe TMG
TMG Waste
Waste
Management
Management Plan：Target
Plan：Target 33
Promotion of the development ofsound waste treatment and recycling
business⑥Establish a system that enable
reliable industrial waste disposal
contractors to enhance their market
value
4242

11/15 AM

Toward
Toward Zero-Landfilling:
Zero-Landfilling:
Plastic
Plastic Recycling
Recycling
Composition of Landfilled MSW

others

FY2003
FY2003othersplastic

plastic
ashashby volumeby weight
43
43

11/15 AM

TMG’s
TMG’s landfill
landfill sitesite

Toward
Toward Zero-Landfilling(1):Zero-Landfilling(1):Ash
Ash Melting
MeltingIn Tokyo 23 wards,
most of incinerator ash
is melted into slag tobe used as civilengineering material.

electrodeash

flue gasslagover 1200℃

metal
Arc Type Ash Melting Furnace4444

11/15 AMslag

Toward
Toward Zero-Landfilling(2):Zero-Landfilling(2):Eco-cement
Eco-cement
In the TAMA region, all of
the incinerator ash is usedto produce Eco-cement.
benches4545

Eco-cement facilities

11/15 AM

interlocking blocks

SuperSuper Eco-Town
Eco-Town Project
ProjectC&D Waste
Recycling Plants
Tokyo Station
Tokyo Tower

E-WasteRecycling Plants

Gasification &Melting Power Plant

Waterfront City

Port of Tokyo

Landfill Site

4646

PCB Waste DisposalPlant

11/15 AM

Food Waste
Recycling Plants

47
47

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Municipal Solid Waste
Each municipality is responsible for themunicipal solid waste management.
Almost all the municipal solid waste
generated in Tokyo is appropriately treatedby public sectors.
Toward the Zero-Landfilling, we arepromoting recycling and energy recovery.
48
48

11/15 AMIndustrial WasteMost of industrial wastes are disposed ofby licensed private companies.
About three quarters of industrial waste
generated in Tokyo is disposed of in otherprefectures.
We are cooperating with other local
agencies to prevent illegal dumping.
We are promoting Super Eco-Town Projectin order to establish environmentally soundindustrial waste management.
4949

11/15 AM

Resource Recycling
 We aim to build a recycling-oriented society byimplementing the measures set forth in the TMG
waste management plan.
 The residents should fulfill their responsibilities as
waste generators and improve their dailypurchasing behavior.
 According to the concept of EPR, businesscompanies should take a responsible approach toreduce waste.
 We will build new recycling systems and engage
in the development of a wide-area framework incollaboration with private-sector companies andmunicipal governments.
50
50

11/15 AM

51
51

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