3Rs & Waste Managementin Tokyo

Sustainable Materials Management Division
Bureau of Environment
Tokyo Metropolitan Government

1Japan
Area: 378,000 km2
0.28%/total global land

Population: 127 million
1.7%/total global population

No. of Prefecture: 47

No. of City: 1,749

Tokyo(as of 1st Aug, 2018)

Area: 2,194 km2
0.58%/total land in Japan

Population: 13.8 million
10.9%/total population in Japan

No. of City: 62(as of 1st Aug, 2018)2

TokyoSuburban area
“Tama area”

Central area
“23-city area”

Area: 1,160 km2
Population: 4,261,789
No. of municipalities: 30

Area: 627 km2
Population: 9,544,164
No. of municipalities: 23

We are here.

Island area
“Izu/Ogasawara islands”
Area: 404 km2
Population: 25,468
No. of municipalities: 9

As of 29stt Jan 2016

3National Legislation
Basic Act for
the Sound Material-cycle Society
Effective Resource
Utilization Act

Waste ManagementAct

Containers & Packaging Recycling Act
Home Appliance Recycling Act
Construction & Demolition Waste Recycling Act
Food Waste Recycling Act
End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Act
Small WEEEs Recycling Act 4

Waste Management Act
Definition of waste
Solid or liquid materials, useless for the owner and valuelessin the market (Supreme Court decision)

Classification of waste
Municipal Waste
Waste

Waste other than industrial waste

Household Waste

Commercial Waste

Industrial Waste
20 items including sludge, plastic waste,
waste oil, C&D debris, etc.

Specially Controlled Municipal/Industrial Waste
Hazardous wastes, such as PCBs, asbestos, infectious waste, etc.

5

Waste Management Act
Roles of National and Local Governments
National Government• Establish basic policies• Formulate waste disposal standards• Provide support to prefectures/municipalities, etc.

Prefectures• Establish waste management plan
• Provide control/guidance for appropriate disposal of industrial waste• License industrial waste disposal companies and approve constructionof waste management facilities• Provide support to municipalities etc.

Municipalities• Establish municipal waste management plan
• Treat municipal waste according to the plan
• License municipal waste disposal companies etc.

6

Containers and Packaging Recycling Act• Purpose： Definition on the roles of consumer, municipality and businesses
for Waste prevention and Recycling of C&P waste from household
SourceSeparation

SeparateCollection

ConsumerMunicipality(Domestic waste)

Cardboard , Steelcans, etc. are sold

Recycling facility
Contract

Waste containers and packaging･ PET bottles･ Steel cans, Aluminum cans
･ Glass bottles･ Cardboard boxes･ Plastic/Paper containers and packaging, etc.

Japan Containers and Packaging
Recycling Association(Designated bodies)

Recycling fee

Businesses: containers and packaging user,
containers and packaging producer,
retailer/wholesaler, etc.
7

Food Waste Recycling Act• Purpose： Waste prevention and Reduction of volume on food waste by foodbusinesses to reduce final disposal volume
Promotion of Composting and producing animal feed by food waste for foodresources circulation
Businesses which generated
Food Waste over 100 tons in theprevious year
should report the expectedamount of generation andrecycling plan to the Ministry-Food manufacturers/
processors-Wholesalers/retailers-Food service industries

main role offood recycling

Food Businesses

Agriculture,
forestry and fishery

Recycle businesses

endeavor to use
fertilizer and feeds
produced by food recycling

considering living
environment, etc.

Source: pamphlet of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(partly retouched)

8Food Waste Recycling Act
Amount ofgeneration(k tons:FY2016）

Total of Foodindustries
Manufactures/Processors

Rate ofTarget rate ofrecycling etc.(%) recycling etc.(%)
FY2016by FY201919,70085-

16,1709595

Wholesales

27065

70

Retailers

1,27049

55

Food service
industries

1,990

2350

Food waste-Processing residue-unsold-Cooking scraps, uneaten

Waste prevention
Recycling
Heat recovery
Proper disposal

9Small WEEEs Recycling act From April 2013
・Purpose： To promote recycling of precious metals used in small electronicdevices (but its scheme is not mandatory)

RetailerConsumer

Municipality
Collection box/pick up etc.

Manufacturer
Metals

Metal Refining facility

Recycling facility
Companies certificatedby national government

10Tokyo 2020
Mobiles to Medals Project in Paris
2018.10.31～11.7 ：With the cooperation of
the City of Paris, collection
boxes are planned to beinstalled around Paris topromote this project.
＊Outline of the project:
The Organizing Committee will manufacture
approximately 5,000 gold, silver andbronze medals for the Olympic andParalympic Games from consumer
electronics such as used mobile phones.

11

The MSW Flow in Central Tokyo (23-city area)

Each city
ResidentsSource
Separation&3Rs

Collection&Transport

Contract

Contract

Clean Authorityof TOKYOTokyo
Metropolitan
Government

Incineration&Shredding

Landfill

Each city is responsible for Municipal Waste Management

12Source Separation by Residents
CanPET

Schedule for
Recyclables Resourcesand Garbage Collection

Glass bottle
Recyclables

Recyclables

Combustibles
Collection Roomin Apartment

13

Continuous Communication
with residents
Meeting with residents

Guideline to separate anddispose garbage andrecyclables in several languages

14

Environmental Education
By collection workers

15Waste Management Facilities in Tokyo
Highly efficient Waste-to-Energy← Incineration plantin Suginami city

Minimizing the amount of landfill
Ongoing Landfill

Landfill In Tokyo Bay →7

Completed Landfill

MSW Flow in Central Area (23-City area)
EnergyRecoveryCombustibles
MSW

Ash Melting
Furnace

Incinerators
Combustible
Residues

Incombustibles
Large-sized Wastes

Pulverization
Facilities

Slag

Ash

Landfill
Residues

MetalsRecyclables

Recycling17

Landfill in Tokyo Bay

12【Biggest Challenge】 Lack of land for landfill

3
4
5①1927-1962②1957-1966

7③1965-1974④1973-1986⑤1977⑥1984-1991⑦1998-

6
18

(Thousand ton)
Population:11.8million(growing still now)

Reduction of Waste Generation
and Final Disposal AmountCooperation
with Citizens

MSW*
Landfilling*Excluding the waste whichis collected as “recyclables”

BubbleBoomTotal Incineration ofcombustible waste
Ash
Recycling

EnergyRecovery(Year)

19

Ratio of MSW
Bulky
3%
Incombustibles

Recyclables
Recyclables
19%
11%

4%
Combustibles
Combustibles
75%
85%
23-city area (FY2016)
Source: Bureau of Environment,
Tokyo Metropolitan Government

20

Composition of combustible waste
Bulky
3%
Incombustibles
3%

Recyclables
15%
Combustibles
79%

Clothes6%
Woods &Grasses7%

Others2%Papers44%

Plastics
18%

23-city area (FY2016)
Source: “Waste Report23” 2018,
Clean Authority of TOKYO

Kitchen
Waste
22%
21

Industrial Waste in Tokyo 73,700t/d
Waste Generation in Tokyo

Municipal
Solid Waste
14％

Composition of Industrial Waste
Industrial
Waste
86％

-Generator has responsibility for proper disposal-Disposed by private sector licensed
by Prefectural Government

22

Final Disposal Reduction of Industrial Waste(Unit: 1,000 tons)

Started recycling ofconstruction/demolition
waste by law(FY)23Tokyo Super Eco-Town24