問題 I Aに 対するBの 応答 として、もつとも適切なものを選びなさい。
1.

♂H れ軋ich ofhese is your suitcase?

B:()① lt's nOt mine.
② PlacettOn he scalo.
③ Thered OIle.
④ They wererettly heaw.
2.

A: Do you silllive in the salne house that you(近 d ive years ago?

B:()

① l moved here forhe frstime.
② Please send ttto he same address.
③ That's nght,I sill do.
④ Yes,H市 ed in he house before.

3.A:

My smatthoneiSn'tw徹 血 g well.I guess■ 's because it'stoo dd.

B: (①)■'s dce that you've bough a new one.

② May l cttlyou ttnight?
③ When ndyOubuy W④ You're nottoo old to use a smatthone.
4.A:You'1l have he chance to宙 si many pれ s OfSingapore,won't you?

B:()

① So,I guess l can stay in my hotelifl need to.

② Thanksto you,I ttoyed eVeり sPot l visttd.
③ Unfottatett my dmeis qulttl血 撮迅④ Yes,I wantto宙 sit Thttland and the Phlippines.
.

5.A:How would you劇睫 to send he package?
B:()① How abouttomorrow?
⊆⊃ I Packed it by myseli③ My mothersent■④ What's the ttstest way?
.

1

問題 Ⅱ 次 の対話 が成 立す るよ うに、 ()内 に入れ るのに もつ とも適切 な ものを選び な さい。

MathewiI've heard that Japan and the Lチ K have similar ttattc laws.

Keni( 6 )We bo血 とⅢ e on heleftside ofhe

MahewiI seeo What about ttattc lights?( 7 )We haVe tO stop when he lighttums yellow

Ken:

We do the salne though( 8 )MathewiReally?That's interesting.Whyis hat?

Ken:

I hink he nanling ofcolors in Japan is unique.

Mahewi(9)

Keni

Light blue is cЛ ledⅢliathew:

Really?( 10 )

6.①

Ю ad,

mim― iro"in Japanese,which means

It's dangerous,so be careaュ 1.

② That's nght.
③ Where dd you hearthat?
④ Yolれ should learn more about Japan.

7.①

8。

9。

10。

It's easy to see he road hanks to the stteetlights.

②③④

There are few ttarlc lights in he UK.

①
②
③
④

how aboutthe yellow?

Tra『lc lights have only two colors in he UK.
We have green,yellow,and red in the lア K.

Japanese people don't have to stop.
the red rneans・ ̀Stop"in Japan.

we usually call he green lightblue."① Can you give rne an example?
② How about you?
③ Who namesthe colors?
④ Why not?
①②③④

That's new to me.
The lア K and Japan have many siHlilarities.

Traric lights in Japan are unique.

Water is veryね ψottntto he environment.

‑2‑

he color ofwat∝ "問題 Ⅲ11。

()内 に入れ るのに、 もつ とも適 切 な語句 を選び な さい。

Mary still keeps her()WatCh because it was a ginと om her grandmo仙

① break② bretttng③ breaks④ broken① ② ③ ④12.The baby kept()while a sttanger宙 stted her house.

αmedcryCrylng
to cry① ② ③ ④13.I heard a b故 1()when l entered he forest.

singingslngs

sung
to sing

14.I don't know he reasoll()Pett knOws so much abo前insects.

① because
② how
③ so
④ why
15.The i耐 emational peace conference()ね Bedh in 2022.

① hasheld② held③ hold④ washeld① ② ③ ④

16.Judging iom he darkening stt l ttnk it()。

has ralmed
is going to rain

rttnedHins﹈﹈呻町① ② ③ ④

17.Ifyou()inOre han tttee ittms on he menu,you can get 10%orhe lttce ofyour bill.

‑3‑18。

Naomi has been wok血 g at he company for 10 years and()he Dedicated Employee

Award rece的① win② witlller③ wiming④ won19。

I believe he hypohesis htt an eanhquake will sttike soon,()itiS quesionable or not.

① if
②

hat

③ whenever④ wheher20。

U血 appy witt his career opporlunities,Stephen fe■

血誠 he()haVe WOrked harder when hewas yollng.

① can② must③ should④ will21。

Sttdents found()dfflCun tO fl五 sh readng heirtextbooks by he end ofthe semestth① it② it's③ them
鯉D you22.When he new employees gahered at he patt for he arst ime,heir boss asked hem tointtoduce()tO eaCh Oth∝

① mm
② he=n③ themselves④ us
23.The( )iSSueOfhisjollmЛ willbeavailableinApri12024.
廻D biggest② latest③ oldest④24.We(smallest)inspect he seatbetts in ttis vehicle to maintain heと① regular② regularly③ reglllate④ regulated
4safeけ25, I will do ever那 置ling pOssible so as()my daughter to live her life happily.

① enable② enお les(⊃enabling④ to enable

5

問題Ⅳ 次の各文 で、① 〜⑤ の語句を並べ替 えて 日本語に対応す る英文にした ときに、空欄 の 26〜35に 入 る語句を答 えなさい。
トムは 自転車 を盗 まれたみた いだ。
It()hat TOm()(26)(① his bicyCle ② stolen ③ seems)(27)。

④ has ⑤ had

多 くの観光客 が この町を訪れて い る。
A ()( 28 )of()( 29 )()宙 Siing his towa.
① tol】 rists ② large ③ have ④ number ⑤ been
夏休 み は忙 しす ぎて休 めな い よね 。

(30)()( 31 )busy tO()duing(① slェ ー er vacation ② are ③ take abreak)。

④ we ⑤ too

夜 ご飯 が勝手 に出てきた らいいのにな。

()(① l)( 32 )( 33 )(② my血 11ller)autOmtticalh片③ served ④ were ⑤ wish

今年 の文化祭、誰 が来る と思 う?

()( 34 )()()( 35 )come tO he school fesival his year?
① will ② hink ③ do ④ who ⑤ y(,u‐6‑

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36.Which ofhe following is most suitable for[ A ]?

① had
② have③ willhave④ wouldhave
37. What does the phrasè̀″ d力 ♂′ι′

① closed航② ledto③ retwnedtO④ shared w血38。

"in the paeSage inean?

'刀Accor血 ng to he passage,which ofttle following statements is NOT true?

① CD players were coIImon over a few decades ago.
② ltis likely hat many people use smatthones when listening to music.
③ PCs are nOw one ofhe most coIIlunon tools for playing music.

④ The marketofmusic and de宙 ces has been changing graduall)
39. According to he passage,、 vhich ofthe following statements is true?
① Before he 1990s,it was not common for people to listtn to music while waking.

② Before tte 1990s,people did not have CD players.
③ lnhe1990s,he cost ofa CD single and a色 1l album varied greatly.
④ lnthe 199os,he cost ofportable CD players was too high.
40。

What do he passage and Figllre l imply?

① Aner1999,people stopped using CD players and started to use smattPhones.

② CD sales around 2010 wereless han httfofheir peak.
③ CD sales have been drastically declining every year since 1998.
④ The MP3 willbecome he mostpopular fomat.

‑8‑以下 の英文 を読 んで 、各設 問に対 して 、 もつ とも適切 な もの を選び な さい。

問題 Ⅵ

Quantulll ⅣIechanics and Biological Wonders
1Humans,anilnals,plτ ults,and all other lifefo.lュ lS are=nade up oflnatten All lnatter isaffected by physical laws,and here are tto types oflaws in physicsithe dassicallaws―
la、vofgravity is one typical example―

theand he laws ofquantum mechanics*一 namely ttomic

physics9 which deals witt subatomic ptticles*(pieceS Ofmatter smaller han an atom9 such as
electrons and pЮ tons)and heir interactions.The neld of study hat aims to descttbe somebiological phenomena by quantum mechanics(atOmic physics)is called

2

quantum biology."

According to quantum tteory,in the wodd ofatoms and subatoHic panicles,sttange things
happeni one particle can e逓 st in several places at once(quantum superposition),panicles canpass ttrough bariers hat should be impossible to cross in tel兵 1ls OfClassical physics(quantumtunneling);tWO panicles,when separated by great distances,even billions oflight―

can remain connected and affect each oher(quantum entanglement)。

years a、 vay,

In hiS COndidon,we cansaỳ̀quantum coherence''exists,Quantum heOry states thttin a condition where more han a
handful ofatoms are involved,these rules no longer apply,and ptticles、 vill appear to behave
aSnOユ 皿 二al"Substances(quantum coherence is lost).In à̀no■

皿 二al''world,youcannot beahending school and playing games at home atthe same tilnel your cat cannot go through aclosed door,wittout some ineans ofcommunication,like a phone or a texting app,you cannot
exchange info.i二 二ation with someone in a distant place.This means what we no二二▲只ally ObseⅣ eand experience in ollr life is ruled by tte classical laws ofphysics,

3

Austtan theoretical physicist lttvin Schrodinger became the pioneer ofquantuni biology inhe 1940s.He wondered how li宙 ng cells could duplictte heir genetic infoェ ニニ
lation withincredibly few errors(less han O.0000010/0).Based on classical laws ofphysics such as

hemodynamics*,genes*are too smallto maintain such high precision in heir motion andactivinた In oher words,genes do notseem to behave in à̀noI只▲只al"Way when copying

themselves,Schrё dinger sllggested that the allnost pefect precision ofgenetic copying rnust
come iom he laws ofquantuln lnechanics,IIis idea was conflコ

med by the discovery ofhemolecular sttucture ofDNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in the 1950s.

4

Sttdnger's idea came back to he forefront ofbiological study in 2006 when Graham
Fle■ 五ng and Greg Engel discovered that photosynhesis*involved a quantum mechanismoln

he process ofphotosynthesis,chiorophyll*molecules capture he sunlight,任hereansfer its energy totion cente恥 ''where he sllnlight energy ls attached to carbon dioxide and tumed into

chemical energy.[ A ],and thiS Cannot be expl所 ned in classical pllysics.The expe五 ment
conducted by Flenling and Engel revealed thatin photosynthetic processes,the energy does not
move along a single route,but along rnultiple paths in a coherent quantllm lnechanical wave.
This enables the ttansfelred energy to ind the quickest way to the reaction center,、 vihout theenergy loss expected in classical processes.

5It has been showllthat quantunュ Inechanics operates in oher biological processes andfunctions as well.For instance,enzymes*,substances that speed uP chemical reactions in livingorganisms,Inake use ofthe effect ofquantum tunneling,enabling the chen五 cal reactions thatwould take ttousands ofyears to take place in seconds,Migrating birds ind their、

vay bysensing the l]anh's lnagnetic fleld,and they do this by lnaking use ofquantllm entanglement.
Bchind some oflife's silnPle wonders seems to lie the am孤‑9‑五ng wond ofquantum mechanics.

*quantum mechanics量 子力学*gene遺 伝子*p誠icle粒 子*photosynthesis光 合成*hemodynamics熱 力学*chlorophyll 蒻設ヨ斥驚ん*enzyme酵 素41. WThich statement is true about classicallaws and the laws ofquantum mechanics?
①Ev鴫 れ ing on earth is ruled by bott ofhem at he same time.

② The classicalltts are nomal and trueク and he quantum laws tt strange and wrong.
③ The law Ofgravity is an example ofquantum mechanics.
④ The laws Ofquantllm mechanics can explain something htt seems abnorlnal.
42, Which ofthe fo■ owing is NOT mentioned as an example ofwhat can happen in the world ofatoms and subato■ lic particles?
① A single particle can occupy tto or more locations simultaneously.
② Patticles can move tttough bamers without being blocked.

③ When here aretoo many panicles,hey behave llnder he laws ofquanmm mechanics.
④ Two separated panicles are kept comected and can impact each ohe■
43. Which is the best description ofEttin Sc監 6dnger?
① He discovered he molecular structllre ofDNA.
② He madeOnly afew e∬ ors in his research。

③ He tted tO attend schoolandplay games at home誠 血esame dme④ HewasoneOfheirstresearchersofquantumbiologン
44.Which ofhe following statements best its in t A ]?

① Chemical energy ofplants makes aowers bloom② FЮ m sllnligh and carbon hoxide,plants can genera俺 oxygen③ Leaves ttn iom green to red or yellow when hey getless sunlight④ Theenergy― transfer pЮ cess takes Place with nearly 100%eFlciency
45‑47.

Choose the best sum14ary Ofeach paraBraph.

Paragraph

Summary

1

Inttoduction:Whatis quantum biology?

2(45)

3(46)

4(47)

5Concluslon①②③A recent discovery in quantuln biology

Some exttaordinary phenomena in the(luantum world
The begilⅡing ofquantum biology‑10‑