Networkingforest plot
Observations

T Yahara

Networking forest plots in SE Asia
Identification of species is not reliable
Many plots were surveyed only once; often already lost
Data are personally owned, difficult to be shared

Slik et al. 2011
Analysis using 30 tree genera

Recording all species in 100m x 5m
An example of transect record: data from Lambir National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia
100m・・・5m1st record

Last record

Vascular Plant Species Richness / Transect (500 m2)
151, 20296, 26779
56-170132-185
148-150108
134-230
186,192
172,202
88-239146,148
92-208159, 233 109139

71-139183, 200

80-238 190, 292
115-144158
149-232
142-341
159-276
417,449214
246-409 415,462,512
253
392
164-396248-329 275
336
195 28-222

189(100 x 4 m)

Fig. species richness observed in one transect line (500m2)

Plant diversity hotspots estimated from
specimens in 7 families. Raes, Guan,Welzen & Yahara (2013)

Specimens per family (2011-2017)
Rubiaceae
2163
Lauraceae
1759
Fagaceae
915
Fabaceae
873
Annonaceae
849
Myrtaceae
767
Phyllanthaceae 767
Euphorbiaceae
619
Moraceae
619
Primulaceae
525
Clusiaceae
509
Malvaceae
503
Orchidaceae
499
Meliaceae
477
Melastomataceae 449
Apocynaceae
447
Dipterocarpaceae 447
Arecaceae
410
Ebenaceae
385

Zingiberaceae 355
Sapindaceae
328
Lamiaceae
326
Rutaceae
303
Symplocaceae 302
Vitaceae
302
Myristicaceae 297
Araceae287
Elaeocarpaceae 282
Celastraceae
281
Smilacaceae
265
Polypodiaceae 242
Anacardiaceae 232
Burseraceae
216
Rosaceae
213
Oleaceae
211
Cyperaceae
209
Araliaceae
197
Piperaceae
194

Sapotaceae
191
Pentaphylacaceae183
Polygalaceae
182
Poaceae
178
Acanthaceae
176
Convolvulaceae 176
Aquifoliaceae
163
Dryopteridaceae 160
Calophyllaceae 154
Pteridaceae
153
Athyriaceae
149Ericaceae
144
Theaceae
144
Combretaceae 140
Asparagaceae 137
Urticaceae
125
Salicaceae
121
Dioscoreaceae 119
Gesneriaceae 118
・・・

MIG-seq (Suyama & Matsuki 2015)
50 M reads (<80 bp, 96 or 192 samples) / run→ SNPs discovery with Stacks software

800 samples are
distinguishedMIGseq tree of Archidendron and Albizia (Fabaceae)

MIGseq tree of Archidendron and Albizia (Fabaceae)

A. microcarpum
A. aff. microcarpum

Archidendron jiringa
A. aff. microcarpum
A. fagifolium
A. sp.
A. ellipticum
A. triplinervium
Archidendron globosum

New species described (> 60 spp)
Strobilanthes namkadingensis (Acanthaceae)
Monoon namkadingensis (Annonaceae)
Neouvaria laosenceis (Annonaceae)
Begonia namkadingensis (Begoniaceae)
Camellia laosensis (Theaceae)
Camellia roseacea (Theaceae)
Didymocarpus middletonii (Gesneriaceae)
Gentiana laosensis (Gentianaceae)
Litsea phoukhaokhouayensis (Lauraceae)
Syzygium scabridum (Myrtaceae)
Syzygium phoukhaokhouayensis (Myrtaceae)
Toona calcicola (Meliaceae)
Asplenium kradugensis (Aspleniaceae)
Neolitsea kradugensis (Lauraceae)
Lysimachia kradugensis (Primulaceae)
Heteropanax thaiensis (Araliaceae)
Elaeagnus elongatus (Elaeagnaceae)

Homalium glandulosum (Salicaceae)
Neolitsea vuquangensis (Lauraceae)
Lithocarpus vuquqngensis (Fagaceae)

FansipanVu Quang
Phu Kradueng

Bach Ma

Khao Soi Dao
Seima
Bokor
Hon BaKaeng Krachan
Bi Doup
Khao Luang

Prunus kaengkrachanensis (Rosaceae)
Glycosmis suberosa (Rutaceae)
Dichapetalum khaoluangensis (Dichapetalaceae)

In most locations we visited, we
discovered undescribed species.

Erythroxylum calypteratus (Erythroxylaceae)
Popowia bachmaensis (Annonaceae)
Callicarpa bachmaensis (Lamiaceae)
Lagerstroemia ruffordii (Lythraceae)
Goniothalamus flagellistylus (Annonaceae)
Aporosa tetragona (Phyllanthaceae)
Lasianthus yaharae (Rubiaceae)
Lasianthus honbaensis (Rubiaceae)
Mussaenda revurvata (Rubiaceae)
Trigonostemon honbaensis (Euphorbiaceae)
Tarenna aurantiaca (Rubiaceae)
Eustigma honbaense (Hamamelidaceae)
Mussaenda honbaensis (Rubiaceae)
Garcinia hopii (Clusiaceae)
Aporosa honbaensis (Phyllanthaceae)
Calophyllum cordatum (Calophyllaceae)
Garcinia hopii (Clusiaceae)
Macrosolen bidoupensis (Loranthaceae)
Heteropanax cambodiana (Araliaceae)
Schefflera cambodiana (Araliaceae)
Dichapetalum cambodianum (Dichapetalaceae)
Garcinia bokorense (Clusiaceae)
Elaeocarpus bokorensis (Elaeocarpaceae)
Croton phourinii (Euphorbiaceae)
Lithocarpus eriobotryifolius (Fagaceae)
Cinnamomum bokorense (Lauraceae)
Cinnamomum dimorphandrum (Lauraceae)
Lindera bokorensis (Lauraceae)
Machilus bokorensis (Lauraceae)
Machilus brevipedunculata (Lauraceae)
Memecylon bokorensis (Melastomataceae)
Syzygium elephantinum (Myrtaceae)
Phyllanthus bokorensis (Phyllanthaceae)
Ardisia smaragdinoides (Primulaceae)
他１０種Picture Guides of Forest Trees in Cambodia

New spp: 64/747 = 9%27,000x0.09=2,430

Many more species to be described・ ・・・Let’s work together

Many more species to be described

No of publications

We need more researchers who candescribe new species
18161412108
6
4
20

The number of authors

67892011

2015

2016

2017

2018

2012

2013

2014

Networking observation sites
Candidate supersites in SE Asia
Large plots surveyed
Small plots surveyed
Smithsonian largescale plots to be visited

Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak
Roadside forests under stronger human impacts are not monitored.

One of the best studies plots

Surveyed only here→

Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaya
Okuda et al. (2003) Pasoh: Ecology of a Lowalnd Rain Forest in Southeast Asia

Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaya
Flowering records in Pasoh, Malaysia (Chen, Satake, Sun et al. 2017)

Mandor Nature Reserve in West BoKalimantan
An example of plots under human impacts

MandorMandor Nature Reserve in West Kalimantan

Prof Suzuki used asmall river totransverse thereserve in 1987

Mandor Nature Reserve in West BoKalimantan
In 2012, we could move by motor cycles

Mandor Nature Reserve in West Kalimantan
In 1987

Provided by Eiji Suzuki

In 2012

Mandor Nature Reserve in West BoKalimantan
Change in DBH frequency from 1987 to 2012

Plots in 1987 and 2012 were 0.6 ha and 0.1 ha, respectively
Provided by Eiji Suzuki

Kampong Thom, Cambodia

Kampong Thom, Cambodia
Sep. 2010

Jan. 2011

Recently, tropical lowland forest of Cambodia is rapidly
disappearing; assessments are urgently needed.

Kampong Thom, Cambodia
Species richness (SR)Phylogenetic diversity (PD)Both SR and PD largely decreased from 2004 to 2010
in some plots due to illegal logging.

Kampong Thom, Cambodia
Mean pairwise phylogenetic distance (MPD) among plots
1998

Dry dipterocarp

2000

Evergreen

2010

2004

Some evergreen plots became
phylogenetically similar to dry Dip. plots.

Bi-Doup Nuiba National Park, Vietnam
Plant diversity is the highest in Indo-china
DeoKhanh Leslope

Deo Khanh Le slope, Vietnam
960m

790m

Linking interests with needs• Interests of scientists– Why specie richness is the highest in Sarawak?
– How is general flowering triggered?
– How do random process and niche differentiation
determine forest community structure?

• Needs of society– How many new species are in Sarawak?
– How does rain forest respond to climate change?
– How can we protect tree diversity under land usechange?

Network of plant diversity assessment• Cambodia: Sokh Heng, Chhang Phourin, Ma Vuthy, Samreth Vanna (ForestAdministration)• Vietnam: Son Van Dang (ITB), Nguyen Van Ngoc, Hoang Thị Binh (DalatUniversity), Hoang Thanh Son (Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences)• Laos: Phetlasy Souladeth (National University of Laos)• Thailand: Somran Suddee, Sukid Rueangruea, Dokrak Ma (ForestHerbarium)• Myanmar: Mu Mu Aung (Forest Research Institution)• Malaysia: Saw Leng Guan, Lim Chung Lu, Yao Tze Leong (FRIM), Bibian Anak
Michael Diway, Julia Anak Sang (FRC), Mohizah Bt. Mohamad (SarawakHerbarium), staffs of Zedtee SDN.
• Burnei: Ferry Slik (Universiti Brunei Darussalam)• Indonesia: Dedy Darnaedi, Marlina Ardiyani, Arief Hidayat (LIPI), AnesSyamsuardi (Andalas University), Ibrahim Dberjadin, Ngakan Putu Oka(Hasanudin University)• Japanese fieldwork members: Shuichiro Tagane (Kagoshima University),
Hironori Toyama, Akiyo Naiki (Ryukyu University), Meng Zhang, NoriakiOkabe, Ai Nagahama (Kyushu University), Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Mamoru
Kanzaki (Kyoto University), Eiji Suzuki (Kagoshima University), Shinji Fujii(University of Human Environments)