Estimation of Primary Productionin Coastal Region
Joji Ishizaka
Nagasaki University

Japan Sea
Sagami Bay
Eastern East China Sea

Jan. 30, 2007
JAXA

Primary Production Measurement
Biomass (Chlorophyll)
In situ Method↓
Rate of Carbon Fixed（14C or 13C Incubation Method)
Simulated
In SituMethodSatellite PrimaryProduction ModelGLI (April-June 2004)
Chl.a-Temp.-PAR-Primary ProductionVGPM (Vertically Generalized Production Model)
odel
Behrenfeld & Falkowski (1997)
IPP = PBopt・ f[PAR(0)] ・ DL ・ Zeu ・ Chl.a(0)DepthPAR

PP/Chl.a

EuphoticZone((ZZeueu)

Chl.
a(0)
Chl.a(0)Day Length (DL)PBopt

SurfaceZeu・Behrenfeld&Falkowski(1997)→Pbopt (7th Order Polynomialof SST)

IPP

Integrated
Chl.a

IPP : Integrated PrimaryProduction

Modified Behrenfeld and Falkowski (1997)
Two-Phytoplankton-Community Model(Kameda and Ishizaka, JO-2005)

PPeu =
0.66125 PBopt [E0 / (E0 + 4.1)] Zeu Cz0 Dirr
PBopt = g (SST) B&F 7th order polynomial
PBopt = g (SST, CHL) K&I
CHL = CHLS + CHLL
Prod = ProdS CHLS + ProdLCHLL

Maximum Photosynthetic Rate per Chl.a (PBopt)
Temp. Dependent(Behrenfeld and Falkowski, 1997)
10864200510152025.

Sea Surface Temperature [ C]

30Temp. and Chl. Dependent(Kameda and Ishizaka, 2005)

Verification of K&I
in Japan Sea（Yamada et al, JO-2005)↑with in situ PBopt↓PBopt505050Feb.

Jan.

Mar.

45454540

40

403535130

135

35130

140135

140

50

50

130140Jun.

MayApr.

13550

454545404040

Seasonal and Annual
Primary Productionin the Japan Sea
Yamada et al., JO-2005

353513013535130

1405013514050130Aug.

Jul.
45

454040403535135135140

130454545404040

1301351301400140353535135

Dec.

Nov.

Oct.

140

50505013535130

140

140

Sep.

4513013550500

135130140

1000

1500

Primary Production (mgC m-2 day-1)

East China Sea(Siswanto et al., JO 2006)

Verificationin the East China Sea(Siswanto et al., JO-2006)

B&F, K&I PBopt

in situ PBopt
VGPM

B&F
K&I

MoreComplex
ModelPBopt in the East China Sea(Siswanto et al.,JO-2006)

Siswanto et al.
(Eastern ECS）
B&F
Gong & Liu(Western ECS）
K&I

Influene of Typhoon toPrimary Production in
East China Sea

SST
29sep-01oct04

230
Primary production

Temperature-3

1.2

0.8

0.4

26

24

22

o11-Oct-04

10-Oct-04

9-Oct-04

8-Oct-04

7-Oct-04

6-Oct-04

5-Oct-04

4-Oct-04

3-Oct-04

2-Oct-04

1-Oct-0430-Sep-04

29-Sep-04

28-Sep-04

27-Sep-04

26-Sep-04

25-Sep-04

24-Sep-04

23-Sep-04

22-Sep-04

21-Sep-04

20
20-Sep-04

0

Surface temperature ( C)28

Typhoon MEARI

Chlorophyll
29sep-01oct04

1.6
Chlorophyll (mg m )3-2-1Primary production (x10 mgC m d )Chlorophyll

Dateo
SST
SSTdropped
droppedas
asmuchmuchasas66oCC
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyllenhanced
enhancedas
asmuchmuchasas1515fold
fold
Production
29sep-01oct04 Primary production enhanced as much as 3 foldPrimary production enhanced as much as 3 fold

(Siswantoet al.,Submitted)

Enhancement of Primary Productionin the East China Sea by Typhoon
during 1980-2004 and relation to ENSO

(Siswanto et al., GRL-07)

● F1●Tokyo Bay●Sagami Bay●
●

● 02

S1S2

1999-2003(49 Stations）(Ishizaka et al.,JO-07)

Verification in Sagami Bay
Behrenfeld & Falkowski (1997)

IntegratedPrimaryProductionPBopt(Ishizaka et al., JO-07)

Kameda & Ishizaka

PBopt andSST , Chl(0), PARin Sagami Bay

Surface Chl.a(Ishizaka et al., JO-07)

SSTPAR

Parameter Adjustment of VGPM
IPP=(best fit)

4.19 PBopt PAR/(PAR+336)DL Chl(0) Zeu(original B&F) 0.66125 PBopt PAR/(PAR+4.1) DL Chl(0) Zeu
In situ PBopt

In situ PBopt

Results ofSagami Bay Modeland Global Models

B&F
RMSE=1182

Sagami Bay Model
K&I
RMSE=247RMSE=392

2003

Primary Production Estimated withSatellitePrimaryProduction
EstimatedwithChl.aIPP
Satellite and Measured ValueSSTPAR

SummaryVGPM is Useful, but Regional Parameter
Adjustment is Necessary for Coastal Waters.
 Japan Sea：K&I Slight Underestimation in Low
Production Area
 East China Sea： High PBopt for High Temp.
 Sagami Bay： PBopt - Low Temp. dependency
IPP- High Light dependencyAccumulation of Primary Production Data is
Necessary with Higher Resolution Satellite DataFastRepetitive
Rate
Fluorometer(FRRF)

Publications
Japan Sea: Yamada et al. (PO-04, JO-05,GRL-06)
 East China Sea: Siswanto et al., (JO-05, JO-06, GRL-07,GRL-Submitted)
 South East Asia: Tan et al., (CSR-06, IJRS-07, JOSubmitted)
 NN algorithm: Tanaka et al., (JO-Submitted)
 PP Algorithm: Kameda & Ishizaka (JO-05), Carr et al.
(DSRII-06), Ishizaka et al (JO-07)
 Red Tide: Suh et al. (JMST-04), Ishizaka et al. (JO-06)
 Others: Sasaki et al. (ECMS-05, 海洋気象学会誌-Submitted),
Kishino et al. (RSE-05), Tanaka et al. (OE-06), Murakamiet al. (JO-06), Ohnishi et al. (海の研究-07)

J. Oceanography: Special Sections of ADEOS-II Ocean:

No. 1 (2006) 10 papers, No. 2(2007) 4 papers