Proceedings of the Thirty-second (2022) International Ocean and Polar Engineering ConferenceShanghai, China, June 5–10, 2022
Copyright © 2022 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)
ISBN 978-1-880653-81-4; ISSN 1098-6189

www.isope.org

Adaptive ECMS for Hybrid Power System of Mini Polar Cruise ShipZhuang Wang, Li Chen*, Yinzheng Zhou, Nanhong Guo , Bin Wang
1. Institute of Marine Power Plant and Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

ABSTRACTMini polar cruise ship sails in polar regions, and the navigation
environment is complex due to the combined effect of temperature andlatitude varying. Mini polar cruise ship has certain adventure functions
and can sail in polar narrow waters, bring a good polar tour experienceto passengers. However, in the process of sightseeing, ships burn alarge amount of fossil fuels, and emit greenhouse gases and polluting
gases seriously which threaten the polar environment (Xing, Spence etal. 2020). To address this challenge, The International Maritime
Organization (IMO) has introduced increasingly stringent laws andregulations, such as the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan(SEEMP)(IMO 2016); Ship Energy Efficiency Design Index(EEDI)(IMO 2014); and the Ship Energy Efficiency Operating Index(EEOI)(IMO 2009). Improving the green level of ships is an inevitable
trend in the development of ship power systems (SPS) in the future, andit is also a hot issue in academic research. Hybrid electric powersystems (HEPSs) have been widely used in the automotive field
because of their excellent fuel economy, and have also attracted
extensive attention in the marine field. In (Dedes, Hudson et al. 2012),
the potential of fuel saving for shipping fleet is investigated, the resultshow that maximum 14% of emission reduction in bulk carrier can beachieved. In (Geertsma, Negenborn et al. 2017), the development ofSPS is reviewed and the trend of hybrid power system is conformed.
10%-35% reduction of fuel consumption and emissions can beachieved by adopting hybrid architectures. HEPS usually contain twoor more energy sources, which can be divided into series, parallel andseries-parallel according to different system architectures (Yuan, Wanget al. 2020).

In this paper, an adaptive equivalent fuel consumption minimization
strategy (AECMS) is proposed for a hybrid diesel engine/battery/coldironing power system to eliminate the impact of power fluctuations onfuel consumption and battery life. Equivalent factor (EF) is varied
according to the state of diesel engine and battery. Then the power split
is adjusted between diesel engine and the battery. Finally, a simulationcase study based on a mini polar cruise ship validates the superiority ofAECMS. The results show that 9.46% and 2.57% of fuel are saved
compared with rule-based energy management strategy andconventional equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy. Inaddition, a more stable trajectory of state of charge has been achieved
which helps prolong battery life.

KEY WORDS: Hybrid power system; AECMS; fuel saving; batterylife.

NOMENCLATURE
AbbreviationDP

Adaptive equivalent fuel consumption minimization
strategy
Conventional equivalent fuel consumption minimization
strategy
Dynamic programming

EEDI

Ship Energy Efficiency Design Index

EEOI

Ship Energy Efficiency Operating Index

EF

Equivalent factor

EMSs

Energy management strategies

ESS

Energy storage system

HEPSs

Hybrid electric power systems

IMO

International Maritime Organization

RLRule-base

SOC

State of charge

SPS

Ship power systems

SEEMP

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan

AECMS
CECMS

The energy management strategies (EMSs) controls the power split
among different energy sources. The design of EMS directly affects theperformance of HEPSs. According to different control methods, EMSs
can be divided into rule-based and optimization-based (Fang, Wang etal. 2020). Rule-based EMSs are mostly based on certain expert
experience, and control rules are set artificially, which can realize realtime online application (H, S et al. 2009, Song, Hofmann et al. 2014,
Balestra and Schjølberg 2021). However, rule-based EMSs relies on alarge amount of expert experience which requires more parameters to
be set manually. For multi-parameter nonlinear time-varying systems,
if there is lack of relevant experience or unreasonable parametersettings, poor control performance may be obtained. Optimizationbased EMSs include global optimization and instantaneousoptimization. The EMSs based on global optimization needs to know
the global information, and then set the optimization model to solve theINTRODUCTION

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