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SimpleDEMViewer

SimpleDEMViewer 8.2
SimpleDEMViewerAS 3.2
User Manual

AS ( Mac App Store ) version has some limitations because sandboxing programing is required.
<AS note> denotes those limitations and differences in each features. Last section lists up all of them.

October. 2024
©copyright 2012 - 2024 by Yoshiaki Katayanagi
https://jizoh.jp/english.html
1Index
1. Introduction

9

Main window
Draws maps colored by elevation
Supported DEM lesCustomizable items
Other functions
Datum
Projection method
Planets and the Moon

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2. Elevation Data

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GTOPO30, HYDRO1kETOPO/60/30/15 and GLOBE
SRTM 3sec/1sec
SRTM DTED level 0/1/2 ( 30 sec / 3 sec / 1 sec )SRTM30plus
1km / 250m / 50m / 10m / 5m / 2m DEMs from GSI of Japan
ASTER GDEMJAXA ALOS World 3D-30m
GeoTi DEM
USGS ascii
USGS SDTS
BIL FORM DEM
Arc Ascii DEM
netCDF DEM
PDS DEM
DEMs for KASHMIR

BIL form DEM data

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Requirements
HDR le (text le)
BLW le (text le)

3. Read Elevation Data

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Read data
Coexistence of di erent kind of DEMs
Restoration at start up
Read as named working set
Remove DEMs

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4. Map Operation

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Scaling
Other Scale menu
Reposition map by address ( Jump to )Reposition map by searching user data string
Reposition map using Index Map
Scrolling
Resize map window
Showing address and elevation value
DEM information

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5. Map Info Panel

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Showing items
Operations

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6. Index Map

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Content
Scale of the Index Map
DEM range and Map View range
Adding Regional Boundaries and Names
Operations on Index Map

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7. Map Settings ( Preferences )24General24

Color set
Color for no data region
Use gradation
Draw lakes
Draw lakes and rivers of GDEM
Fill land of zero meters or less with a color just above zero meters.
White Antarctica and Greenland
Treat sea as no data region
Treat 0 meter as sea if DEM does not specify sea level
Base latitude
Draw map by double density in Map View
Restore working set
Showing elevation
Unit of mileage
Address format to copy
Lake data folder
Create world leShading
Parallels and Meridians
PlanesIndex Map
User Data

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Memo Data
Area Data

8.Manage Projection Planes

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Settings
How to use
Automatic registration by GeoTi

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9. Edit Color Set

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DialogResult30
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10.Manage Color Sets

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Manage color sets
ExportingImporting

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11.Drawing Lakes

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Create lake data
Edit lake data
Lake data les
Notes

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12.Save and Restore Working Set

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Restoration at start-up
Named saving and restoration
Objects to restore
Notes

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13. Scale Panel37

14. DEM Inspector

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Showing cell values of DEM les
Change elevation values
Copy all cell values
Notes

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15. Export DEM File40

Create new DEM le
Operations
Notes

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16. User Data

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Memo data
Route data
Area data
Import external data

16.1.Memo Data

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About Memo data
Create new MemoCreate Memos directly from picture les with GPS information
Update Memos

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Update one Memo
Update common attributes

Show picture or html page45

URL forms
Getting URL from lesWindow size

Formatting contents with HTML tags
Pass Memos to someone
Move Memos
Tilt the title / Write verticallyCustom marks
Defaults of Memos
Read KML le as Memo Data

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16.2.Route Data

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About Route data
Create new Route data
Update Route data

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Update one Route data
Update common attributes

Combine Route data
Tilt the title and node comment / Write verticallyDefaults for Route data
Read e00 les as Route data
Read KML le as Route Data

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16.3.Area Data

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About Area data
Create new Area data
Update Area data

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Update one Area data
Update common attributes
Reposition title string

Tilt the title / Write verticallyDefaults for Area data
Read KML le as Area Data

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16.4.GPX Data as User Memo and Route55

Memo data
Route data

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16.5.KML Data as User Memo / Route / Area Data

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Common items
Memo data
Rout data
Area data

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16.6.Common Features of User Data

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Show / Hide user data

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by Kindby Layer

String attributes
Save / Read user data

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SavingReading

Edit User Data

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Show data in a table
Change all
Edit individual data
Remove data
Search data
Check the location on the map
Export data

Find user data on the map

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16.7.Export / Import User Data to / from Text File

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ExportImportText le format

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User Memo Data
User Route Data
User Area Data

17. Texture Mapping

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Setting Dialog
Fitting on the Map View
World leSample
Notes

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18. Selected Rectangle Region67

19. Copy / Paste Latitude and Longitude68

Text format

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20. Show Place on External Map

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Show by “Maps”
Show by Google map

21. Measuring Mileage71

22. Find Highest or Lowest Elevation

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Operation

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23. Contours

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Settings
Line mode
Notes

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24. Coloring According to Slope Degree

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Settings
Notes

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25. Bird’s Eye View

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Settings
Add text strings in the picture

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26. Stereographs

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Stereograph77

Parallel and cross-eye
Anaglyph

Settings
Add text strings on the picture
Notes

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27. SRVC Relief Map

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What is SRVC Relief Map
Dialog
Add text strings in the picture
Sample images

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28. Panorama View

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What is panorama view
Creation
Settings

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Eye position
Direction
Color setting
Other settings
Draw the Sun
StereographReset AllName search dialog for eye point or target
Handling after completion

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Scrolling
Auto scrolling
Show place information
Handling strings
String dialog
Set eye point or target point from context menu on the picture
Reposition map from a point of pictureShow info

Export and import settings
Notes

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29. 3D Movie

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About 3D Movie
Functions90
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CommonRotation mode
Flight mode
Boat mode

Dialog
Run time operations
Save as movie le
Notes

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30. Visible Region

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What is Visible Region
Show dialog
Settings
Notes

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31. Topographic Pro les95

Creation
Settings

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Save as
Notes

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32. Grayscale Maps

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DialogAdd strings in the picture
Save as image le

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33. Projection Maps

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About projection maps
Settings
Orthographic projection map
Conical projection map
Mercator projection map
Azimuthal Equidistant projection map
Azimuthal Equi-area projection map
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection map
Lambert Conformal Conic Projection map
Text strings in the picture
Save as a picture le
Sample picture with separate projection center

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34. Picture Windows

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Compact view
Add and update text strings
Tilt text strings / Write verticallyShow picture info
Save picture

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35. Save Pictures

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Saving Map View picture
Saving other window pictures
Create world leSave as GeoTi
Add GPS information

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36. Remove Data

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Remove DEMs and User Data
Remove Individual DEMs

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37. Menus

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Main Menu Bar
Context Menu on the Map View
Context Menu on Panorama View

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38. Limitations of AS Version

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SimpleDEMViewer

1. Introduction
Main window
Main window contains Map View and Side Bar. Map View
draws colored elevation map depends on Digital Elevation
Model (DEM) data. Side Bar contains Map Info Panel andIndex Map. Map info panel shows kind of DEMs, scale,Color Set and others. Index Map shows current range ofthe Map View displaying.
You can change some map settings in Map Info Panel for
convenience.
Main window always exists on the screen during SimpleDEMViewer running. You can hide Sidebar anytime or hide Index Map only.

Draws maps colored by elevation
Reads various DEM data, and makes map colored by elevation with or without shading. It supports gradation color also.
• Draws Parallels and Meridians.
• Shows latitude, longitude and elevationof the mouse point.
• Draws contours calculated using DEMs.
• Support various DEM data available at
on-line sites.
• The projection method on the Map View
is Equidistant Cylindrical projection. Can
make maps with several projection
No gradation
With gradation
methods.
Two pictures at right show maps around Mt. Fuji
in Japan using SRTM 3 seconds mesh DEMs with shading.
You can use DEMs having sea depth such as ETOPO and GEBCO. Picture at right is Conical Projection map around Philippine
using ETOPO2.

Supported DEM

lesFollowing DEMs are supported. Refer next section。
• GTOPO30 ( 30 sec. )• ETOPO1 ( 1 minute. having sea depth, Treated as BIL form )• ETOPO2 / 5 ( 2 min. / 5 minutes. having sea depth )• ETOPO 2022 ( 60 / 30 / 15 seconds. having sea depth. Treated as GeoTi )• GLOBE ( 30 sec. )• SRTM (1 sec., 3 sec. )• SRTM DTED (1 sec., 3 sec. )• USGS ascii ( Geo and UTM )• USGS SDTS ( Geo and UTM )• 1km / 250m / 50m / 10m / 5m / 2m DEMs from GSI of Japan<AS note> No support of 10m / 5m / 2m DEMs those have le extension ‘LEM’.

• BIL form DEM ( with of without address )• ASTER GDEM ( 1 sec. / GeoTi )• JAXA ALOS ( 1 sec. / GeoTi )• GeoTi DEM• netCDF DEM (GMT compatible format. Old GEBCO e.g.)• PDS DEM ( Planetary Data System form NASA. File extension is ‘IMG’ )• ArcAscii DEM les ( Geo and UTM )• HYDRO1k ( no-addressing data )

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Customizable items• Elevation colors and its boundaries.
• White Antarctica and Greenland.
• Gradation colors.
• Lakes. Its color.
• Shading method, light direction, shade strength.
• Shrink or expanding rate ( between 2000% and 5% )• Color, line width and intervals of Parallels and Meridians.
• Adjust horizontal scale depending on latitude, so that horizontal and vertical scale will be thesame.
• Others.

Other functions• Making lake data.
• Drawing contours.
• Coloring by slope degrees.
• Texture Mapping.
• Drawing bird's-eye View pictures.
• Drawing stereograph pictures.
• Drawing SRVC relief maps.
• Drawing panorama view pictures.
• 3D movie, that goes through landscape.
• Drawing visible region.
• Drawing geo-pro le pictures.
• Drawing grayscale map pictures.
• Drawing Orthographic projection maps.
• Drawing Conical projection maps.
• Drawing Mercator projection maps.
• Drawing Equidistant projection maps.
• Drawing Equi-area projection maps.
• Drawing Universal Transverse Mercator ( UTM ) projection maps.
• Drawing Lambert Conformal Conic projection maps.
• Saving pictures as picture les in various formats.
• Creating and drawing memos, routes and areas on maps.
• Reading some external format data and draw them as user memo, route and area data.
• Export user data to text le and import them.

Datum
Always WGS84 is used except Planetary DEMs, but calculations of distance and direction are
based on a sphere its radius is 6371 km.
Even if DEMs stand on other than WGS84, SimpleDEMViewer uses WGS84 always, therefore you
should aware of the datum of your DEMs. One exception is Tokyo datum of older DEM les from
GSI of Japan, their addresses are converted to WGS84 automatically.

Projection method
Projection method depends on DEM data type. When multiple type of DEMs are read, projection
method of the narrowest pitch DEM is used.
Geo DEMs
Longitude / Latitude coordinate ( Equidistant Cylindrical projection ). You can adjust horizontal
axis to reduce distortion of the map depending on latitude.
UTM DEMs
UTM of course.
XY plane of Japan DEMs
Rectangular Plane Coordinate system de ned in Japan.

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Other plane DEMs
Here, "Other plane" means any Transverse Mercator projection plane other than UTM and planeof Japan. You can de ne worlds local plane coordinate system such as NZTM2000 and CH1903+,
etc.. They should be in accordance with Transverse Mercator Projection like as UTM. It is applicable for BIL and ArcAscii DEMs. See “Manage Projection Planes”
GeoTi DEMs using other planes are also supported. To determine coordinate system of theDEMs, SimpleDEMViewer access internet site.
If you do not know the coordinate system of your DEMs, you can use them without addressing,called General Plane DEM in this program. Such DEMs can be arranged in the Map View, but can
not link with any other data including other DEMs, User Data and texture maps.
No addressing DEM
No projection. No link with latitude and longitude. Only one DEM le can be shown on the Map
View.

Planets and the Moon
Supports DEMs for planets and the Moon using PDS, GeoTi and bil form DEMs. Refer BIL form
DEM data section for BIL form DEMs.
PDS format DEMs only supports those with IMG le extensions. If le information is attached asa separate le with the le extension LBL, it should be in the same folder. The planet is treatedas a true sphere with a speci ed radius, and only the geo-referenced DEM is supported.
In the case of GeoTi , if the radius is speci ed, it is considered as celestial data. However, it isan exception if it matches the radius of the Earth. If the data pitch is speci ed in meters, it will betreated as no addressing DEMs. However, when it can be determined that it covers the entire surface of the planet, it will be automatically converted to the geo-referenced DEMs. In this case, theleft edge of the data is treated as -180 degrees and the right edge is treated as 180 degrees, sowhen combined with other data, it may mismatch (for example, 180 degrees).
If the radius of bil format or the major radius in GeoTi is within 1% of the following values, it isconsidered as each. They are treated as a sphere with a speci ed (major) radius. Other than that,
it will be an unknown planet.
Moon : 1737.4km, Mercury : 2439.7km, Venus : 6051.8km, Mars : 3391km.
Following functions are not supported for planet DEMs.
• Drawing UTM projection map.
• Drawing white Antarctica and Greenland.
• Drawing sea and the Sun in panorama views.
• Fill land of zero meters or less with a color just above zero meters.

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2. Elevation Data
You should prepare at least one of following elevation data (DEM) separately.
All DEM data are treated as datum is WGS84 except older DEMs from GSI of Japan.

GTOPO30, HYDRO1k
Their data interval is 1 km nominally. GTOPO30 is bounded by Latitude and Longitude. HYDRO1k requires header le (it's le extension is HDR).
You can download both at Elevation data site of USGS.

ETOPO/60/30/15 and GLOBE
They are 60, 30, 15 seconds and 30 seconds mesh data. ETOPOs have bathymetry data, and 60
and 30 seconds DEMs cover whole world by one le.
ETOPOs are provided as GeoTi or netCDF format, but SimpleDEMViewer supports GeoTi only.
You can download them at National Geographical Data Center (NGDC).
There are old data such as ETOPO1 / 2/ 5, their data pitches are 1, 2, 5 minutes each.

SRTM 3sec/1sec
This data is obtained by Space Shuttle. It is bounded by Latitude and Longitude. Its data interval is 3 arc seconds or 1 arc seconds. Refer to Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) site.
You can download them from https://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/ for free 3 sec DEMs.

SRTM DTED level 0/1/2 ( 30 sec / 3 sec / 1 sec )"Finished" data derived from SRTM. Sea surface and some lake surfaces areorder data SRTM site on DVDs.

attened. You can

SRTM30plus
30 seconds mesh DEM derived from SRTM, and has bathymetry data. First 7 characters of thele name should be same as those of GTOPO30, and le extension should be "SRTM".

1km / 250m / 50m / 10m / 5m / 2m DEMs from GSI of Japan
Sold in CD-ROM only for Japanese region. You can purchase from Japan Map Center (JMC).
<AS note> No support of 10m / 5m / 2m DEMs.

ASTER GDEM
One of GeoTi form DEM. The data pitch is 1 arc-second.
You can download data from https://gdemdl.aster.jspacesystems.or.jp/index_en.html
Now, Version 3 includes ASTER Water Body Dataset (ASTWBD)..
<AS note> You should select the folder that includes both data to recognize ASTWBD les.

JAXA ALOS World 3D-30m
One of GeoTi form DEM. The data pitch is 1 arc-second. Paired mask le has sea area information. If no mask le exists in the same folder, the le is treated as general GeoTi DEM.
http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/aw3d30/<AS note> You should select a folder instead of a le.

GeoTi

DEM

Supports 16 bits integer and 32 bits oating point numbers. Elevation unit is meter or feet.
Supports geo-referenced, UTM and other plane DEMs. If its plane is listed in the table of Plane
Manager, it is recognized automatically. If it is not listed, it will be registered there with temporary name.
If the projection method is not Transverse Mercator or cannot be recognized, a dialog will appear to ask
you which projection plane should be taken. In that case, you should select "General" usually.
If DEM has EPSG code wit no detail information, SimpleDEMViewer accesses internet site to determine
projection method. Once it is recognized, it will be saved and no more internet access required.

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Datum is ignored, all are treated as WGS84. Be aware of it if use them with other data.
DEMs for other than The Earth, refer "Planets and the Moon" int he previous section.
<AS note> You can select any ti format
the panel if those are not DEM les.

le by Open panel, error message will be shown after closing

USGS ascii
You can download various elevation data in this format from USGS or some other data centers.
Supports geo and UTM data. File extension should be “DEM”. Almost these data are old data.

USGS SDTS
You can download various elevation data in this format from USGS or some other data centers.
File extension is always DDF. One DEM data consists of several les, although open dialog canselect xxxxCEL0.DDF le only.
<AS note> You should select a folder instead of a le.

BIL FORM DEM
Supports 8 or 16 bits integer and 32 bits oating point numbers. Supports geo-referenced,
UTM and other plane projections. Supports elevation values in meters and feet. Refer next section.
You can download various elevation data in this format from USGS and other GIS data sites.

Arc Ascii DEM
Arc/Info's exported text format DEMs. Supports geo, UTM and other plane DEMs. If UTM orother plane DEMs, will ask zone number or what plane. Elevation value should be in meters. Fileextension should be ‘ASC’.
If you specify 0 for zone number, the DEM will be treated as “General plane DEM”, that meansno link with latitude and longitude.

netCDF DEM
GMT compatible netCDF format DEM les are supported. File extension should be ‘GRD’.
<AS note> You can select any le that has le extension ‘GRD” by Open panel, error message will beshown after closing the panel if those are not DEM le.

PDS DEM
Planetary Data System DEMs are derived from NASA space data. The Moon, Mercury, Mars andsome other celestial bodies data are provided as DEM les. File extension should be ‘IMG’. In
case a separate label le, its le extension is ‘LBL’, is attached, it should exist in the same folder.
<AS note> You can select any le that has le extension ‘IMG” by Open panel, error message will beshown after closing the panel if those are not DEM le.

DEMs for KASHMIR
Dedicated format for KASHMIR 3D with the
MS Windows. )le extension 'dcm'. ( KASHMIR 3D is a program for

BIL form DEM data
Requirements• Each elements should be 16 or 8 bits integer with sign bit, or 32 bits oating point numbers.
Supports Motorola and Intel byte order which is speci ed in header le. Default is Motorola
format.
• Elements are stored in row major order (all the data for row 1, followed by all the data for row
2, etc.).
• Data interval is in degrees or seconds. Always in meters for UTM or other plane DEMs and noaddressing DEMs.
• Each elevation value should be in meters or feet.
• No LF nor CR characters.

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• File extension should be BIL DEM or FLT. If FLT, data element should be 32 bits oating point
numbers.
• File size should be equal to "number of columns" times "number of rows" times 2 if 16 bits element, times 4 for 32 bits oating point numbers.
• Header le must be exist in same folder. Its le name should be same as elevation data. Its leextension should be HDR.
• Optionally BLW le is used to determine boundary addresses. Its le name is same as elevation
data but le extension is BLW.

HDR

le (textle)This le should describe following items. Other items are ignored. Specify one item in eachline. Each line has a key and a value pair. Result has no guarantee if con icted items are specied.
Keys
NROWS
NCOLS

ValuesNumber of rows
Number of columns

NBITS

Number of bits per element, 8 or 16 for integer, 32 for decimals. Can be omitted if leextension is FLT.
<following items are optional>
BYTEORDER
If ‘I’ or ‘LSBFIRST’ is speci ed byte order is Intel, otherwise Motorola.
UTMZONEUTM zone number between 1 and 60, or -1 and -60 for south. Specify only if addresses
are based on UTM.
XYPLANE
Plane ID de ned in Manage Planes panel, or plane number of Japanese 19rectangular plane coordinate system.
If Plane ID contains space, enclose them with double quotation marks.
If 0 is speci ed, it means general plane coordinate system.
ULXMAP
Longitude in degrees at the center of the north-west corner cell of the DEM le.
UTM Y address in meters.
X address in meters for other plane coordinate system.
ULYMAP
Latitude in degrees at the center of the north-west corner cell of the DEM.
UTM X address in meters.
Y address in meters for other plane coordinate system.
XLLCORNER
Longitude in degrees at the lower-left corner of the south-west corner cell of the DEM.
UTM Y address in meters.
X address in meters for other plane coordinate system.
YLLCORNER
Latitude in degrees at the lower-left corner of the south-west corner cell of the DEM,
UTM X address in meters.
Y address in meters for other plane coordinate system.
XLLCENTER
Longitude in degrees at the center of the south-west corner cell of the DEM.
UTM Y address in meters.
X address in meters for other plane coordinate system.
YLLCENTER
Latitude in degrees at the center of the south-west corner cell of the DEM.
UTM X address in meters.
Y address in meters for other plane coordinate system.
XULCORNER
Longitude in degrees at the upper-left corner of the north-west corner cell of the DEM.
UTM Y address in meters.
X address in meters for other plane coordinate system.
YULCORNER
Latitude in degrees at the upper-left corner of the north-west corner cell of the DEM.
UTM X address in meters.
Y address in meters for other plane coordinate system.
XULCENTER
Same as ULXMAPYULCENTER
Same as ULYMAP(Notes)Above ve sets (ULXMAP/ULYMAP, XLLCORNER/YLLCORNER, XLLCENTER/YLLCENTER, XULCORNER/YULCORNER, XULCENTER/YULCENTER) areexclusive. If mixed, result is unde ned.
XDIM
Horizontal data pitch in degrees or seconds. If it is greater than or equal to 0.1, it is inseconds. For UTM and other plane DEMs, value should be in meters.
YDIM
Vertical data pitch. value is same form as XDIM.

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CELLSIZE

Data pitch for horizontal and vertical. Don’t specify XDIM and YDIM when this item
exists.
If data has special value for sea area, specify it.
If this item is not speci ed and NODATA is not -9999m, -9999m is assumed.
If DEM le has no-data ( void )-value, specify it.
Same as NODATA.
Specify 'F' if elevation is in feet, otherwise omit this item.
If data has extra bytes in the beginning of the le before elevation elements, specify
number of bytes to skip.
Same as SKIPHEAD
Specify radius of the Moon or a planet other than the Earth in kilometer.
Instead of radius you can specify planet name for Moon, Mercury, Venus or Mars.
If this item is speci ed, coordinate system should be geo-referenced, otherwise DEM
le is ignored. Even if you specify radius of the Earth, program assumes some planet
other than the Earth.

SEALEVELNODATANODATA_VALUEELEVATIONUNITSKIPHEADSKIPBYTESRADIUS

If addressing values are outside of geo address range ( i.e. -180 to 180 and -90 to 90 ) andboth UTMZONE and XYPLANE is not speci ed, ‘XYPLANE 0’ is assumed.
If four lines from ULXMAP to YDIM are not speci ed here and no BLW le is found, the DEM data
will be treated as no-addressing.
<Example 1>
BYTEORDER
NROWS
NCOLS
NBITS
ULXMAPULYMAP
XDIM
YDIM

I
3600
3600
16
-115.000138888
35.999861111
1.00000
1.00000<Example 2>
byteorder
nrows
ncols
nbits
cellsize
xllcorner
yllcorner

lsbfirst
3601
3601
32
1.0
-114.99986111
35.99986111

BLW

le (textle)This le should describe following data in this order. Each line should have only one
point number in text format.
Lines
1
2
3
4
5
6

ValuesSame as XDIM value.
( Ignore )( Ignore )Same as YDIM value, but always minus.
Same as ULXMAP value.
Same as ULYMAP value.

<Example> 1 second mesh0.000277777777778
0.0

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0.0-0.000277777777778
110.000138888889
39.9998611111111

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3. Read Elevation Data
Read data
Select Open under File menu to show le selection panel. You can read DEM les by selecting
individual les or folders through the panel. If you select a folder or folders, program reads all
readable les in them. If les to be read are not compatible with les already read and showed in
the Map View, an alert prompts you to dispose read data or cancel new reading.
If “Read two levels when folders selected.” is checked, read les in folders those are in the folder you selected.
SimpleDEMViewer reads DEM les when you double-click DEM les in Finder, or drop them on
to application icon. Application icon accepts folder that contains DEM les.
Di erent format DEMs can be read and be laid in the Map View as described in next section.
UTM and other plane DEMs can be read at the same time if they are belong to the same UTM zone
or plane.
<AS note> You should select folder instead of individual les to read SDTS and JAXA ALOS.

Coexistence of di erent kind of DEMs
If several kind DEMs are read, map scale is based on the smallest pitch DEMs. The coordinate
system is also determined by them. If it is UTM or other plane DEMs, whole map will be UTM orother plane coordinate. UTM DEMs cannot coexist with DEMs of other plane coordinate. In addition, even all DEMs are the UTM, they cannot coexist if their zones are di erent.
If the coordinate system is UTM or other managed planes, map covers up to 667 km horizontally. if location leaves far from center meridian more than 6 degrees, accuracy getting worse.
DEMs of di erent planets cannot coexist.

Restoration at start up
As a default, program restores DEMs and settings at starting if previous session ends without
removing data. Refer “Save and restore working set” section.
To skip restore feature, start program while shift key pressing.

Read as named working set
You can read DEM data set previously de ned with various settings. Refer “Save and restore
working set” section.

Remove DEMs
To remove read DEMs, select "Remove data" under File menu, and select data to remove. Refer"Remove Data" section.
If you read new DEMs without removing current DEMs, and they are not compatible, you will beprompted to remove current DEMs or cancel new reading.

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4. Map Operation
Scaling
From scale menu or context menu, you can select scale between 2000 and 5% or specify values
directly in "other" menu. If you change the scale using Scale menu, center of the Map view keep
its position. If you change it from context menu, mouse point will move to center of the Map
view.
You can scale up or down by pinch action on a track pad, in this case place at the mouse point
retain its position in the Map view.
Map is centered in the Map view if scale is small enough to show whole world, or all the DEMs incase of UTM or other plane DEMs

Other Scale menu
If you select "other scale" menu, a dialog will be displayed and you can specify any scale as follows in the dialog.
• Any percentage between 5 % and 2000 %,• Specify distance in meter, km, yard or mile for a pixel, cm or inch on the map.
• Specify scale by fraction directly like as 1 / 1000000.
For second and third case, click calculate button after entering value, so that result scale will be
set to the percentage eld. In this case although only three decimals are displayed in the eld,more decimals are kept internally.

Reposition map by address ( Jump to )You can reposition the map to any place specied by latitude and longitude. Select "Jump to…"
under "Find&Jump" menu to display a dialog, andspecify latitude and longitude. You have an option to draw a mark at the place after repositioning.
You can save the address with a name, they willappear in a place menu of the dialog.
You may copy latitude and longitude from any web pages andpaste it to address eld here. Picture at right from USGS earthquake information page shows an address consists of latitude andlongitude. Any non-numeric characters are ignored, but N, S, E, W
are exception. Refer to “Copy / Paste latitude & longitude” section.

Reposition map by searching user data string
You can search a user data by string in title, node comment or Memo content, and reposition
the map so that the found data is positioned in the center of the window. Refer to "Find user
data on the map" section.

Reposition map using Index Map
You can reposition map to any place speci ed in Index map by dragging showing frame or double-clicking at any place in the Index map. Refer “Index Map” section.

Scrolling
Supports dragging and scrolling by mouse, also supports scroll gesture on a track pad. You canscroll one dot distance by pressing arrow keys. If retina display is used, scroll two pixels. Key
repeat is ignored for scrolling.
If DEM based on geo address, you can rotate map around the world .

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Resize map window
You can set Map view size by pixels. Select "Window size…" under "View" menu to display a dialog, specify width and height. Those values are applied to the Map View without window frame,
title bar and side bar.
You can drag one of edges to change window size as usual.

Showing address and elevation value
Move mouse on the Map View while option key pressing
to show latitude, longitude and elevation of the mousepoint. Showing elevation value is nearest cell value or interpolated value. You can select to show which in Preferences panel.
Elevation value is shown in integer if DEM format is integer, otherwise one decimal digit will be shown.. Insteadof elevation value it shows "sea" for sea, "void" for void
value, "n/a" for out range of DEM.

DEM information
Select "Show Info" under File menu to show informations
about read DEMs. If there are multiple types of DEMs are
read, their types / data pitches / number of les will beshown for each. It also shows the scale and address of the center of the map region.

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5. Map Info Panel
Map Info Panel shows current DEM data type, scale, shading type and color set. You can change
shading type, strength and color set from here and it a ects the map instantly. You can change
some settings about contours and texture maps also.

Showing items
DEM data type Type of DEMs used currently. If they are
UTM zone number will be shown. Plane ID
will be shown for DEMs de ned in "Manage
Planes" panel. Radius will be shown forPlanets and Moon.
Scale
Percentage of extending or shrinking rate of
map in the Map View. Showing one cell of
DEM to one pixel ( if retina screen, to 4 pixels ) is 100 %.
Also shows fraction style scale, assumingthat screen has 72 pixels per inch or 144
pixels per inch if retina display.
Click > mark on the right to show or hide
Scale Panel.
Base latitude
Base latitude for geo-referenced DEMs.
You can change base latitude here byclicking > mark at the right, popup menu
shows "Reset to defaults", "Center latitudeof Map View" and "Enter latitude".
LL lines
Menu to select intervals of Meridians andParallels.
To specify di erent interval for Parallels,
click > mark at the right, menu for Parallels
will be appear.
Lon / Lat
Intervals of Meridians and Parallels. If they
are same value, shows only one.
Shading
Shows shading type. You can change it bymenu.
Click > mark at right to show or hide following strength menus.
Strength
Shows shading strength. You can change it from menu.
Strength of lightShows strength of light when shading type is "Slope + light". You canchange it from menu.
Color set
Shows current color set with color set menu. You can select color set here.
Click > mark at right to show or hide color table.
Edit color set Click this button to edit Color Set. Edit window will appear.
Use gradationSet to on to apply gradation.
Rectangle region Showed only when Selected Rectangle is set on the Map. Click >mark and execute following operation from menu.
Clear
Set Selected Rectangle to none.
Show Dialog Shows dialog to check addresses ofrectangle region.
Place Map
Reposition map as the selected rectangle is placed at the center.. If rectangle
region is too big, shrink map scale until edge of the region will appear.
Contours
Click > mark to show setting items like as the gure at right, and you can selectfrom the menu or change some items to draw on the Map View. To change othersettings not shown here, click edit button and edit in separate dialog window.

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Texture Maps

You can create new contour set there, andits name will be included in contour setmenu.
To draw contours, you should click Draw
button. If interval is changed, the Map View
should be redrawn previously.
Refer "Contours" section.
Shows only when texture maps exist. Click> mark to show setting items like as thegure at right. Reading, removing texture
maps and setting each texture information
should set in separate dialog window.
You can set use or not use for each texture
maps. Three check boxes are applied all
texture maps.
All setting changes a ects Map View immediately.
Refer "Texture Mapping" section.

Operations• “Show / Hide Side Bar” under the “View” menu shows or hides side bar of the main window including Index map. "Show/Hide Index Map" menu shows or hide Index Map only.
• Changing settings in this panel a ects Map View immediately except contour lines.
• Changing settings here a ects Preferences settings also.

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6. Index Map
Content
Index map resides at the bottom of the side bar. Index map displays part of world map, and shows area displayed in the Map
View. White rectangular frame shows area displayed in the Map
View. Deep color shows the area that DEMs exist, and pale color
shows area that DEM not exist. When index map is enlarged, itshows international borders.
You can make the height of Index Map view to half size. To doso drag upper edge of the view.
Index Map is not available for DEMs those have no addressing.

Scale of the Index Map
Depends on displayed region in the Map View, Index Map shows almost whole world or smallerarea. Based on smallest map, it can be expanded up to 64 times, or up to 256 times near Japan.
Projection method is Equidistant Cylindrical projection always. If Index Map is expanded 8 ormore times, map is shrunk horizontally to compensate distortion depends on center latitude. It
is done up to 70 degrees. International borders will be drawn in expanded map larger than 8times.
Although scale of the index map is automatically adjusted, you can change it temporarily bypressing [+] or [-] button, [+] button zooms in twice scale and [-] button zooms out half.
Following ve pictures are 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 times scaled Index Maps.

DEM range and Map View range
Like as pictures at top and at right, read DEMs region is drawn indeep color. Each DEM region is de ned with four corner addresses. It
includes void region of the DEM also. White frame represents region
that Map View shows currently. It is always rectangle for geo-referenced DEMs, but trapezoid for UTM or other plane DEMs like as picture at right, even so, DEM area is rectangle for each always.

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Index Map will be rescaled and repositioned automatically so as white frame always be placed atthe.center of the Index map, when the Map View is rescaled or repositioned. If white frame issmall enough, Index Map will be enlarged automatically, but maximum scale is 64 or 256 so thatframe may seem like a dot.

Adding Regional Boundaries and Names
In a state of 16 times or more expansion, the border will be displayed, but in vast countries
such as the United States and China, the border line will often not be visible, to avoid such situation, you can add regional boundaries.
You can also add country names and other names. Nothing is prepared as defaults, but it canbe easily prepared as User Route Data or User Memo Data. In the "Index Map" tab of the Preference Panel, You can add or remove User Route Data and User Memo Data. Click [+] button to add
new data, it shows le open dialog. [-] button removes data.

Prepare the Route Data as simple and light as possible. It is recommended to make the wholecountry into one le. You can combine multiple countries, but it is necessary that the east-west
width do not exceed 90 degrees.
The display timing depends on the layer. Data with a layer of 0 is drawn when index map is expanded 16 times or more, data of layer 1 is drawn from 32 times, and if the layer is 2 or larger, it
is drawn only when it is 64 times (or more) expanded. Any attributes are ignored except layer.
Memo Data also is the same as the Route Data that it should be within 90 degrees from east to
west. The display timing according to the layer also be the same. Comment and any attributes are
ignored.
The maximum number of les of route data and memo data is 20 each. The le is copied into
the library, so the original data is not required. In the library, it is managed with a le name, so if
you read the data with the same le name, it will be replaced.

Operations on Index Map
Show / Hide Index Map under the "View" menu shows or hides Index Map from Side Bar.
You can move Index map content temporarily
by dragging. To do it, place mouse cursor
outside of the white frame and drag it. It will
be reset to default state when the Map View isredrawn.
You can enlarge index map temporarily up
to 64 / 256 times. [+] button expands twiceand [-] button shrinks to half.
You can change the Map View display position using Index Map. To change map position, place mouse pointer inside the whiteframe and drag it, release button where youwant to show in the the Map View. Double
clicking any place in the index map redraw
map view as the clicked place will be the center of the map view.

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7. Map Settings ( Preferences )You can specify colors, shading and other settings in "Preferences" panel. Select “Preferences…”
under the application menu to show the panel. Some settings can be changed also in the sidebar of the main window. Almost changes in the side bar redraw Map View immediately, butchanges here are delayed until Preferences panel is closed or move behind main window withsome exceptions.

GeneralColor set
• Elevation color table is like a picture at right. Color set menu has threepreset member that are "Standard", "etopo", "WikiColor". You can create
new color sets and add them into the menu. Default three sets can not
be changed and removed.
(Note) "WikiCoor" is created with referencing Wiki Project web site.

• To create and edit color set, click "Edit color set" button. It will display
editor panel. Refer to "Edit Color Set" section.
• Color sets created by user can be exported as a le and copy to otherMacs. Refer to "Manage Color Sets" section.
• Elevations are boundaries between colors in same row and below.
• Maximum number of colors in a color set is 30 and minimum is 3, except
sea and lake colors.
• Any place has elevation between boundaries are colored with its color.
Places having elevations equal to boundary elevation, take upper sidecolor when elevation is greater than 0 m, otherwise take lower side color.
• Sea color applied when elevation value is speci ed as sea. Many DEMs
treat -9999 m as sea. No sea color applied to ETOPOs ,SRTM plus and
GEBCO since no sea level data exist.

Color for no data region
Color for the region where noelevation data.
"No elevationdata" means both outside of DEMs
and void region in DEMs.
Select from white, black or sea
color. Sea color varies depending
on color set.

Use gradation
Set to on if you want to draw elevation colors with gradation.
If gradation is on, colors arechanged gradually from one elevation color to next elevation color. Take speci ed color when theelevation is mid of two boundary
elevations. Gradation will not beapplied if boundary elevation is 0
meter. Highest and lowest partare also exception.

Draw lakes
Set to on if you want to drawlakes with lake color.
Since DEMs have no lake data
( except GDEM ) you should create lake data for each DEM kinds.
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Refer to section “Drawing

Draw lakes and rivers of GDEM
GDEM version 3 has not only sea information but lakes and rivers also. This option draw bothlakes and rivers with lake color. This works independently from above "Draw lakes" option.

Fill land of zero meters or less with a color just above zero meters.
When using a color set having seabed color like “etopo” color set, draws the color of the land
lower than the sea level with the color just above 0 meter. However, in the case of the CaspianSea it is applied only for area shallower than 28 meter, deeper area will be drawn with original
elevation color.
Targets are the following places.
Caspian sea. Dead sea. Northern lower land of Egypt, Libya
and Algeria. Eritrea. England ( about 120 km north of London ).
Salton Sea and Death valley U.S.A. . Lake Eyre Australia. Turpan
Basin China. Tokyo, Nagoya and Niigata Japan.
Do not set this option to on if you use color set which color ofzero meter or less is land color.
Picture at right is a sample drawing of Caspian Sea using
ETOPO1 and “etopo” color set.

White Antarctica and Greenland
Make Antarctica to be white. Low elevation area near the edge of the continent are depends on color set.
Region over 1300 meter elevation on Greenland to be drawn with white color.
Picture at right is Greenland using ETOPO1 and etopo color set.

Treat sea as no data region
Some DEMs have void area within their rectangle range. SimpleDEMViewer
searches other DEMs to ll those region. If you set this option to on, sea area
is treated as vacant area, so that you can draw land part of GTOPO30 and sea
part of ETOPO1 for example. Set to o usually because of performance.

Treat 0 meter as sea if DEM does not specify sea level
Some types of DEMs have 0 meter for sea area.
Be aware that inland 0 meter area also be treated as sea.
This option applied to DEMs when they are read when this option is on, no e ect to DEMs already be read.
GDEM version 3 has ASTWBD le and this program refers the sea information from that, thenthis function is not applied when ASTWBD le is available.

Base latitude
By default, each pixel of map has same size in degrees for horizontal and vertical dimensions.
Therefore pixels apart from equator are stretched horizontally. If you want to look around small
area in high latitude region, you can specify "Base latitude" to compensate this e ect. Aspect ratio will be normalized at speci ed "Base latitude".
If you use SRTM 3 seconds data and draw in 100%, each pixel represents 3 arc seconds in bothheight ( latitude ) and width ( longitude ). It will be 6 arc seconds inlongitude when you specify 60 degree as "Base latitude". You canspecify "Base latitude" between 0
and 70 degree.
“Adjust Base Latitude” under the
View menu sets base latitude to latitude of Map View center, but still
restricted to 70.
Base is the Equator.
Base is 36 degree.

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Draw map by double density in Map View
When using Mac with retina display, you can specify to create high density map to t retina display. It makes map drawing little slower. Contour line get thinner and its drawing takes time almost four times. Also drawing Visible Region is same as such.
You should specify 144 dpi when saving picture, if you want a high density Map View picture.

Restore working set
Specify whether always restore status at start-up or only when user save the status manually at
previous session.
Refer to “Save and restore working set” section.

Showing elevation
You can show latitude, longitude and elevation value at the mouse point on the Map View bymoving mouse while option key pressing. You can select elevation value from nearest DEM element value or interpolated value. Interpolated value may exceed data value and actual elevation
for peaks.

Unit of mileage
Specify unit of mileage ( or distant ) from "km", "mile" or “nautical mile”.
Scale panel, Mileage measuring, Route data mileage, Geo-pro le and Panorama view support it.

Address format to copy
Select address format to copy from D.M.S or degrees. It a ects copying address on the Map
View and address view in every dialogs.
D.M.S
LW N12.34.56.789 W123.45.54.321
DD
12.58244414 -123.7650892

Lake data folder• Specify a folder to save lake data.
Default folder is "~/Library/Application support/jp.jizoh/SDVr8/Lakes/“.
<AS note> “~/Library/Containers/jp.jizoh.SDVrAS/Data/Library/Application support/jp.jizoh/SDVrAS/
Lakes/“.

• If you want to add lake data, you should have right to update the folder, otherwise you canshare the lake data with other users.

Create worldleSpecify to create a world le when saving grayscale map or stereograph as a
See “Save pictures” section for conditions and le format.

Shading• Select one of “No shading”, “By light”, “By slope” and “Both”.
• Strength has eight levels. 8 is most strong.
• You can select light direction from 8 direction menu when “Bylight” or “Both”. The angle of incident is always 45 degrees.
• If “Both” you can select strength of shading by light between 1
and 5.
• If no addressing DEM is used, assumes that the upward direction is north.
The picture below shows sample of each e ect, left one is bylight, center one is by slope, right one is by both. DEM is 1/3
seconds NED of Grand Canyon.

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le if available.

Parallels and Meridians• Select line interval between 30 degrees and 1 minute or automatic.
Default is automatic. You can select di erent intervals for Parallels and Meridians.
• Select line color using Color Picker. Default is black.
• Specify line width in points. Default is 1 point. Floating point number is acceptable.
If the coordinate system is UTM or other managed planes, meridians will be drawn up to 10 degrees from base meridian for both side, but location accuracy getting worse if it leaves more than
6 degrees.

PlanesDe ne world’s planar coordinate systems which use Transverse Mercator Projection like as UTM.
Those systems should based on WGS84. Some coordinate systems are registered here automatically when you read GeoTi DEMs. Coordinate systems de ned here are identi ed by “Plane ID”
you speci ed. You can refer Plane ID when reading some kind of DEM les.
Two systems are prede ned as samples, you can delete them, but if no systems registered here
these two will appear again at next activation.
Refer "Manage Projection Planes" section.

Index Map
"Hide Index Map" hides Index Map from side bar. This is linked with the "Show / Hide Index
Map" of View menu.
You can add any boundaries and names to Index Map by reading User Route data and User
Memo data. You can remove default borders, and show any boundaries you provided instead.
Refer to "Index Map" section.

User Data
Memo Data
Refer to "User Memo Data" section.
Destination to display pictures and web pages• Shown in own window.
• Shown by web browser if web site is speci ed.
• Always shown by default application. "default
application" is determined from le name extension by system such as Safari, Preview, etc.
If "Don’t show web site" is checked, just show
Memo content window as if web site is not
speci ed.
Data library folder for user memo
A folder for les referred by Memo data content eld, and for custom marks. Default is nolibrary.
"MemoMark" folder containing custom marks
should reside directly under this folder. Memocontent les may be placed in this folder with-

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out folder structural restrictions.
Defaults for Memo data created by drag & drop
Select a kind and layer number as default values for new Memo data creation by drag & drop a
picture le. If you want di erent kind other than "Photo", you should register it in User Data
preferences panel previously.

Area Data
Refer to "User Area Data" section.
• Do not draw if area is small enough.
If area size is small enough on the Map View, it will not be drawn.
• Do not draw title if area is small enough.
Area is drawn but no title if area is not big enough to draw tile.

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8.Manage Projection Planes
De ne world’s planar coordinate systems which use Transverse Mercator Projection like as UTM.
Those systems should based on WGS84.
Coordinate systems de ned here are identi ed by “Plane ID” you speci ed. You can refer Plane
ID when reading some kind of DEM les.

Settings
Show Preferences panel and selectPlanes tab.
There are two prede ned planes,“CH1903+” of Swiss and “NZTM2000”
of New Zealand as examples. You canremove them if you want.
Plane ID

Any character strings
to identify planes.
Origin Address Origin address of thecoordinate plane inlatitude and longitude.
False Northing Y coordinate address
at the origin.
False Easting X coordinate address at the origin.
ScaleFactor
Scale factor at the central meridian, between 0.9990 and 1.0.
Comment
Any comment. It will be shown in selection dialog when reading DEMs.

How to use
ArcAscii DEMs
Select from the plane menu in the selection dialog
at reading time.
Bil form DEMs
Specify XYPLANE item with Plane ID in the HDR le.
XYPLANE
CH1903+
If Plane ID includes spaces, use double quotation
marks.
XYPLANE“Swiss Projection”

Automatic registration by GeoTi
When reading GeoTi DEM les, if their projection method is Transverse Mercator but not UTM,
and not exist in this table, its projection plane will be registered here. In that case, it has temporary name as "Temp_Plane-n", n is serial number here. EPSG code and its name will appear incomment eld.
It is temporary registration, and will disappear after quitting program. If you want to keep it,change the Plane ID to your desired name.
If projection method is Oblique Mercator but both axes are at right angle, it will be registered
here as it is same as Transverse Mercator practically, such as "EPSG:2056, Swiss Oblique Mercator
1995".

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9. Edit Color Set
You can create new color set and retain it with unique name. It will appear in color set menus.
You can change existing Color Set and save it with new name or replace it. You cannot remove orchange default three Color Sets.
"Edit Color Set" button in Map Info Panel or Preferences panel shows this dialog,. "Edit in separate window" in Panorama View dialog shows this dialog also.
You can save Color Sets as a le, and import it. Refer "Manage Color Sets" section.

DialogContent at beginning
Dialog shows the Color Set that isshown in caller dialog at the beginning,but you can refer any Color Set by selecting Color set menu. If caller is Panorama
dialog, sky colors are shown also.
Elevations are boundaries between colors in same row and next.
Number of colors• Maximum number of colors is 30 except sea, lake and sky colors. Minimumis 3.
• [+] button adds a row above selectedrow. Its elevation and color are set to
new row. If more than one row selected, the row clicked last is the target.
• [-] button removes selected rows except bottom row.
• You can specify number of colors directly in the text eld at right named"Number of colors". If number of colors
is increased, it works as [+] button
clicked required times, if decreased, remove selected top most row and following rows.
Change boundary elevations• Select a row and click elevation eld you want change, and enter value.
• If you want to enter elevations to many rows with regular intervals, enter elevations to top andbottom rows of the range, select those rows and click "Distribute elevations" button.
• Elevations should be arranged in descending order.
Change colors• Click each color box to show color picker panel.
• if you want to change colors gradually row by row, you can use "Distribute colors" button.
Change colors of top and bottom rows in range rst, then select those rows and click "Distribute colors" button. Each RGB color components are arranged in equal intervals between top
and bottom rows in selected range.
Sky colors• All Color Sets have Sky colors for using by
Panorama View. To show sky colors, set"Show sky colors" check box.to on• If this dialog is called from Panorama View
dialog or type of referred Color Set isPanorama type, sky colors are shown automatically.
Save new color set or remove color set• You can create new Color Set with name, they will appear in color set menu. If this dialog wascalled from Panorama View dialog, type of Color Set will be Panorama type, otherwise Main window type.

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SimpleDEMViewer• You can remove Color Set showed in color set menu if it is created or imported by user.

Result• Click Apply button returns editing result to the dialog who called this dialog. If it is Map Infopanel, Map View will be redrawn.
• Cancel button does not cancel creation or removal of Color Sets.

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10.Manage Color Sets
You can manage ( rename, remove, ordering
in menu, export and import ) color sets. You
can import Color Set les exported by otheruser or other Mac.

Manage color sets
Dialog shows color sets other than standard
three sets.
Select one color set shows its content in theright table.
To rename a color set, double click its namein the left table.
Select one and drag it to appropriate position
to change order in the Color Set menu.
To remove color sets, select one or morecolor sets and click remove button.

Exporting
You can write several color sets to a le toreuse them in other mac or in new system later, or pass it to your friends.
Select one or more color sets in the above dialog and click export button, and specify place andname of saving le. File extension is always ‘jzcolor’.

Importing
To read Color Set les, click "Import" button and select les in the le navigation dialog.
If the same name exists, a dialog will appear and you can replace it or enter new name. Even ifsame name exists, if their contents are identical, it is skipped with no message.

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11.Drawing Lakes
You can create lake data to draw lakes if lake area is at in the DEM.
Lake data are created for each DEM types and be saved as separateles.
To create lake data, lake should cover more than 100 elements ofDEM. If a lake consists of several elevation regions, you should makeseparate lake data for each elevations. Picture at right is Lake Baykal
using ETOPO2. It has di erent elevations for its northern and southern
part. It requires you to make two lake data for one lake.
If several type of DEMs are read, you can create lake data for baseDEMs only.
You cannot create lake data for DEMs those have no addressing.

Create lake data
Select "Create lake data..." under "Tools"
menu after reading DEM les. "Creatinglake data" panel appears and the cursor
changes to a water bucket.
If you click any point in the lake region
on the Map View, program checks around
it whether any lake data can be createdthere or not. If it can do, click point address and elevation value are shown in
the panel, and lake region is drawn bylake color. If not all lake region is drawn, click again remaining portion in the lake. After all
available lake region is drawn, enter lake name and click "Register" button. You can continue tocreate next lake data.
To nish creating lake data, click "Exit" button in the panel. Lake data are saved as lake data
les for each kind of DEMs.
Lake nameBase point
Surface elevation
Register
Clear
Edit library

Any name is acceptable. There is no need of uniqueness but preferable.
Address of mouse point that is clicked at rst.
Current lake’s surface elevation.
Finish one lake data.
Clear elds. If data is creating, it will be canceled.
Display lake data table and you can delete, rename or update lake data.
Refer next paragraph.
Finish creating lake data and save them.

FinishEdit lake data
You can delete individual lake data, rename data, change the bounding rectangle of lakes.
Program uses only surface elevation and boundary rectangle to determine lake region, therefore
some places that has same elevation are drawn as lake, even if it is outside of the lake. To avoid
it, you can create several lake data for one lake, and adjust each bounding rectangles. If elevations of lake and its shore are equal, you may adjust rectangle to limit lake region.
If one of the lakes is selected in the table, its bounding rectangle is shownin Map View like a picture at right. It re ects changing bounding rectangle
immediately, so that you can adjust easily.
If you change its name or bounding rectangle, do not forget to click Update
button.

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Lake datales

Lake data are saved as a le for each DEM data types. Those les are saved into a lake data
folder speci ed in the preference dialog. If you change it, SimpleDEMViewer replaces all the lake
data by the data in the new folder.
You can copy it from another Mac if it is created by version 4 or newer.

Notes• In the edit dialog, boundary rectangle of each lake data is shown by latitude and longitude,even if they are determined by UTM address for UTM DEMs. Such a case, latitude and longitude
for north-west corner and south-east corner are shown in the dialog. It's the same for otherprojection plane DEMs.
• Lake surface is not at in SRTM DEMs usually, use SRTM DTED instead.
• If you want to atten lake region, you can use DEM Inspector.

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12.Save and Restore Working Set
There are two situations to save working set.
One is for the automatic restoration at the start-up. You can choose restoration occurs always,
or occurs only when you had saved intentionally during previous session.
Another is the restoration when you want. Save named working set, and restore it anytime.
You can save many named working sets. E.g. one is for world wide map, another is for local
maps; You can change maps easily between them, those can be prepared with settings appropriate to DEM les.

Restoration at start-up
Specify this function’s behavior in "General." tab ofPreferences panel. Select one of “Always” or “Whensaved manually”. If “Always”, working set is saved
automatically before you quit program.
If not “Always”, select "Save working set…" under"File" menu to show the dialog, save working set andquit program. You can continue the work instead ofquitting.
Restoration will be activated automatically at next start-up if working set was saved. If you
want to skip restoration, start SimpleDEMViewer during shift key pressing. In this case, if not“Always”, restoration will be deferred to next time.

Named saving and restoration
To save the working set, select "Save working set"
under "File" menu, enter any name to refer later,
and click save button.
Click little triangle at the right to show existing
names. If you select one of names in list, it will becopied to input eld. Use it to overwrite, or edit it
to other name. When a name in the list is selected,
you can remove it.
Saved names are listed in sub-menu of “Loadsaved working set” under the “File” menu.
Before loading saved working set, all DEMs, texture maps and user data are removed and panorama
view settings are reset to defaults. All data les will
be reloaded even if same data les are used.

Objects to restore
Save read les and map drawing status, and restore them at next time. Data and setting information to be restored are followings.
• DEM les• Texture maps
• User data
• Map position• Map scale• Selected rectangle
Following items are saved in named working set.
• Settings in the preference panel’s General, Shading and Lat/Long tab pages.excluding "Drawmap by double density ~ " and items below it in General tab page.
• Contour line settings.
• Layer settings of user data.

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Notes• Settings in the preference dialog are not restored for start-up restoration, but always remain
between sessions.
• Only le pointers are saved for DEMs and texture les, they are read again at restoration time.
They should reside in the system, otherwise will be ignored.
• User data are saved as user data les for each Memo, Route and Area. Even if there are new or
updated data not saved yet, program quits without alert. Those data also restored in next time,
but you’d better to save those data to les before quitting to avoid losing updated data.

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13. Scale Panel
When main window is front most, a scale panel can be displayed.
Scale panel has two states, horizontal and vertical. If it is in horizontal state, the scale varies
depends on latitude at bottom edge of the scale panel, and it shows distance along latitude line.
Horizontal scale is not available over 85 degree or under -85 degree area.
You can change state by click arc-arrow icon in the scale panel. You can show / hide scale panel
by “Show / Hide scale panel” under “View” menu.
Scale unit can be changed among "km" “mile” and "nautical mile" in the Preferences panel.

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14. DEM Inspector
Showing cell values of DEM

les

DEM inspector panel shows elevation values of 7 by 7 cells around the address that started inspector. The address is shown as “Mark address”. You can move range of showing cells by arrow
keys or red arrow buttons on the panel. White rectangle frame appears on the Map View, its inside area represents 7 by 7 cells. Red X on the panel and on the Map View represent mark address.
Each cell shows one of followings.
• number Elevation value. Integer or oating point number depends on DEM format.
• sea
Sea area.
• voidVoid area.
• (n/a)Out of DEM extent.

Change elevation values
You can change elevation values of DEM data to atten sea or lake region, or to amend invalid
values. Check "Enable editing" to do it. Changed values are applied to image of the Map View
immediately.
Changes are temporary. They will be lost when quit program or remove DEMs from program.
Restore function does not maintain them. If you want to retain them for future use you should
export DEM as new DEM le.
Edit individual cell values
Click or double click a cell in thepanel to change an elevation value. To
x changed value, enter tab key or return key, or click other cell.
Elevation value should be between-15000 and 15000 meters. You canenter “sea” or “void” instead of elevation value.
Set all cells to the same value
You can set all 7 by 7 cells to sameelevation values. To specify the value,
double click bottom left eld, enter
some elevation value and click "Set allcells" button.

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You can enter "sea" or "void" instead of elevation value.
Set all cells in the selected rectangle region on the Map View
You can select rectangle region on Map View during Inspector
working, and you can set all cells in it to same elevation value.
After selecting rectangle region, right click in it to show popup
menu. It should show "Place nnn to all cells in frame" menu.
"nnn" is the value of bottom-left text eld of the Inspector panel.

Copy all cell values
Copy all 7 by 7 cell values as string data. It has tab separator,
so that you can paste to 7 by 7 cells in the sheet of Numbers.app.

Notes• Only base DEM is supported when several kinds of DEMs are read.
• Elevation values are shown as oating point number in meters even if DEM le elevations are in
feet.

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15. Export DEM File
Create new DEM

leCreate a new DEM le from read DEMs. You can select range from whole DEMs or some rectangle portion of DEMs. You can create new large DEM le from many small DEMs, or create
smaller DEM from part of large DEM. Also, you can save DEMs changed in DEM Inspector. Output
DEM le format is BIL or GeoTi . GeoTi can be selected if original DEMs are based on geo-referenced, UTM or other planes.
Only base DEMs can be used to create new DEM le. DEMs should be based on WGS84 or no
addressing. That means you cannot save old DEMs from GSI of Japan ( those le extensions are
one of TEM / SEM / MEM / LEM ).
Output DEM le format depends on source DEM, but you can change bit width, that is 16 bits
integer or 32 bits oating point number.

If DEM is based on UTM or other planes,
you can specify range by XY address like as
the picture at right. If no-addressing DEM
is used, range shows only by XY addresses.

Operations
To show the dialog, select “Export DEM”
menu under the “File” menu.
If you have selected rectangle region previously, “Selected range” is on at the beginning, otherwise “All DEM range" is on.
You can change it anytime.
Base DEM
Showing base DEM type.
Range
All DEM range Includes all base DEMs.
Selected rangeIncludes rectangular region bounded by latitude and longitude or XY addresses.
Preferred format Set items in the box to source formats.
Type
Select bit width of output DEM le.
Sea level
Specify elevation value treated as sea.
Void value
Specify elevation value treated as void data.
North-West / South-East
Shows rectangular region to create DEM le. 180 degree meridian should not be
inside.

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File sizeShows calculated output le size. If the size exceeds 2 Giga bytes limit, letterswill be red.
Click “Create” button to show save panel, specify name and select place to save. File extension
is “bil” or "ti ". If BIL format was selected, HDR les will be created also.

Notes• Output DEM le size cannot exceeds 2 giga bytes.
• 180 degree meridian should not be inside.
• Byte order is Intel form ( LSB ) always.
• If speci ed range address does not match with DEM’s boundary address, they are adjusted automatically.

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16. User Data
You can make Memos, Routes and Areas on themap. To create User Data, show context menu on
the Map View, and select "Create User Data" menu.
You can save them as les, and use them later.
You can pass those les some other people, so thatthey can see your Memos and other User Data.
User Data are classi ed by "Kind" and "Layer". 10
Layers are provided, and they are identi ed by numbers 0 to 9. You can create any Kind identi ed bycharacter strings. You can control visibility of eachuser data by Layer and Kind combination
User data cannot be shown and handling on the
map that use no-addressing DEMs.

Memo data
Memos have a mark, title, address and comment. Mark and title are shown on the map. If you
double click on the memo, its contents will be shown in a separate window. You can con gure
the Memo data to display a picture or web page instead of contents dialog. 41 ready-mademarks are provided, and you can provide custom marks up to 50.

Route data
You can create any route connecting place to place. Routes have a polyline, a title and nodecomments. You can set line kind ( solid line, dashed line, etc. ), colors and width.

Area data
Area data is a polygon. Area type can be selected from frame only, translucent, hatching, etc..
Title is shown in the center of the area.

Import external data
You can read Placemarks as User Data from KML les.
You can read ArcInfo’s exported le (e00 format) as user Route data.
You can read GPX format GPS data le to create user Memo or Route data.

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16.1. Memo Data
About Memo data
You can create Memos that link to an address ( latitude
and longitude ). A Memo consists of title, kind, mark,address, contents and elevation. Memos are shown on
the map as a mark and title. You can make titles maximum 3 lines, and can set font and style.
Mark is drawn at the address and title are drawn at theright of the mark. If Memo has no mark, title is placed
where bottom-center of the title points the address.
Memos have "Kind" and "Layer". Visibility of Memos on
the map can be controlled by Kind and Layer
Kind
You can create new kind with any
stringLayer
A number, 0 - 9
Mark
Select one from prepared set. You
can add user marks up to 50.
If mark or title string is double-clicked, Memocontent will be shown like as the picture at right.
If URL string is placed in the beginning of thecontents eld like as picture below, referenced
data ( html document, a picture or a movie le )will be shown instead of above dialog whendouble-clicked. To show web page, you should
allow in the Preference panel in advance.
If DEM is no-addressing type, you can't use Memo data.
You can format strings in comments eld with HTML tags. Refer to “Formatting contents withHTML tags” section.

Standard marks

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Create new Memo
Place the mouse cursor somewhere in the Map View, and control+click to show context menu,
select "Create User Data / Memo". You can specify following items in the dialog.
Kind
Layer
Mark
Defaults button
Title

Select from menu, or input any words to make new Kind.
Select one between 0 and 9 from menu.
Select one from popup panel.
Set mark, layer and string attributes to defaults, if "Kind" is exists already.
Any string to be shown on the map up to 3 lines. If title exceeds 3 lines,
remains will be included in the 3rd line.
Address
Latitude and longitude at the mouse point is set. Can be modi ed to any
address.
Elevation
Elevation gotten from DEM data with the above address is set. Can be modi ed
to any value. If elevation has no meaning or uncertain, specify -20000.
String attributes Specify font, size, style, text color and background color for title string.
Comment
Any comment strings. If URL string enclosed with '<' and '>' exists at the
beginning, referenced data ( html documents, pictures or movies ) will beshown when Memo is double-clicked.
When dialog appear, Kind, Layer, Mark and string-attributes
previous dialog.

Create Memos directly from pictureelds are copied from those ofles with GPS information

Drop picture les on the Map View to create Memos. If those picture les have exif GPS information, Memo data are created automatically. Those Memos are created as followings.
• Kind and Layer are set to those speci ed in Preferences panel. Refer “Defaults of Memos”.
• Title is set to le name without extension.
• Mark and string attributes are set to defaults for the Kind.
• Latitude, longitude and elevation are extracted from GPS information of the picture. If picture
has no GPS information, latitude, longitude and elevations are set to those of dropped place in
the Map View.
• Comment eld contains URL of the le and creation date from exif information. GPS address’s
datum should be WGS84.
<AS note> Pictures should exist in Memo Library. Even if pictures reside outside of Memo Library,Memo data will be created and those pictures can be shown until program terminates. Saved such
Memo data will not show pictures later.

Update Memos
You can update each Memo, or update common attributes of Memos.

Update one Memothere are three ways to call dialog to update each Memo.
• Double-click a Memo on the Map View during option key pressed.
• Click "Edit" button on the Memo-content-window displayed by double-click Memo on the Map
View.
• Select "Edit user data" under “Tools" menu. Select one Memo in the list and click "Edit" button.

Update common attributes
Select "Edit user data" under “Tools" menu. Select Memos and click "Set all" button. You can
update following attributes of every selected Memos to same values.
• Kind• Layer• Mark• String attributes

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Show picture or html page
If URL string enclosed with '<' and '>' is placed at the beginning of content eld of Memo, referenced data ( html document, a picture or a movie le ) will be shown when Memo is doubleclicked.
You have options to select way of displaying those pictures or web pages. Options are• Always in SimpleDEMViewer window.
• By web browser if those Memo points web pages.
• Always by default application of the le to display such Memo data.
"default application" is determined by its le extension. It may be "safari" or "Preview".
In the User Data tab of Preferences panel, you can select above option.
Web site access is not allowed in default for security purpose. To allow it remove check from“Don't show web site” in Preferences panel.

URL forms"http:", "https:" and " le:" forms are available for URL string. To point les in the library folder,specify only sub portion under the library folder. Followings are examples. "Photos", "movies"and "hawaii.rtf" are placed at top level in the Memo library folder.
Web page
Local picture leFiles in the Memo library folder

Getting URL from<https://www.abcd.co.jp/pages/123.html>< le:///User/Name/Picture/abc.jpg><Photos/Fujisan.jpg><movies/Cities/tokyo.mov><hawaii.rtf>

lesAlthough you can enter URL string directly, it is easier that dragging le icon to the Memo dialog. If the dialog accepts le icon, its URL string will be written as above second or third form
depending on where the le from.
If you drag and drop internet location le, the dialog takes contained URL instead of location leitself.
If dropped picture le has GPS information, latitude / longitude / elevation are taken for the dialog items. Also picture creation date ( not the GPS time ) will be copied in Memo content.
ex) < le://photo001.jpg> Date(2023.12.01 15:20:30)

Window size
If pointed le is a picture or a movie le, SimpleDEMViewer get the appropriate window size
from the le, although you can specify window size with form of size= ( width, height ).
ex) <http://www.xyz.com/123park.html> size=( 700, 600 )Formatting contents with HTML tags
You can use HTML tags to format strings in contents eld. For example, <br>, <b></b>, <i></i>, <h1></h1>, <p></p>. Any other HTML tags
are acceptable also, but external reference to le orweb site are ignored, and hyper links do not work.
Memo contents display panel ( such as a picture atright ) shows “HTML view” check box when contents
strings include HTML tags. Uncheck it to display
full text including tags.
User Memo Edit Dialog shows full text of contents
eld always. No WYSIWYG editing function available, so you should enter tags manually, or copy
from some HTML editor.
If contents eld text includes ‘<‘ and ‘>” characters, and its not includes HTML tags nor external reference, some text may disappear. In such a case uncheck “HTML view” check box.

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Pass Memos to someone
If you place Memo content les in the Memo Datalibrary, you can pass Memo data with content data
les to anyone using other Macs. If you place themoutside of the library, it is di cult to pass Memodata to other users to see your Memo data on otherMacs.
It is no problem to pass Memo data to other users
if URL points internet site or no URL string speci ed.

Move Memos
Memo can be moved from original place. You canchange Memo address in the update dialog, or simply drag Memo Mark on the Map View. If drag Memo title, only the display position of title string
will change without updating Memo address. This display position of title string can not besaved.
In a picture window ( such as Conical projection map ), Memo Mark can not be moved but title
string can. If you drag title string to outside of the window, it is removed from the picture.

Tilt the title / Write vertically
You can tilt (rotate) the title string of the Memo on the Map View. Dragthe end of the string while holding down the shift key. The rotation centeris at the lower left corner, or if no Mark, it is at the center of the lower
side. In the case of vertical writing, it is the upper left corner or the centerof the left side respectively. This rotation angle will be included when saving the Memo Data and is maintained when it is read later. Older version
program ignores this information.
If you rotate it to the range of ±10 degrees downward vertical, it willchange to vertical writing in the case of Japanese, Chinese, etc.. To returnit to horizontal writing, rotate it to the range of ±10 degrees in the horizontal direction. Vertical writing will not work if vertical fonts are notavailable even Japanese.
To eliminate the tilt, click the string while holding down option key andshift key, it will be reset horizontally (vertically in the case of vertical writing).

Custom marks
Any PNG pictures can be used as a Memo Mark.
First, create a folder named "MemoMark" in the "Memo Data library folder". Place your PNG pictures there. Those pictures will be read by SimpleDEMViewer when it starts or library is selected,
and will be displayed in the mark selection dialog.
PNG picture le can have any le name but its le extension should be 'png'.
Picture size has no restriction, however size of 64 x 64 pixels are recommended, because
marks are always drawn in the 32 x 32 points square.
Maximum number of custom marks is 50.

Defaults of Memos
De ne Kinds, and set defaults for them. Open "Preferences for User Data Kind..." under “Tools”
menu to show the dialog. Order of the Kinds in the list a ects Kind menu of the Memo creation/
update dialog.
[+][-]
RenameAdd new Kind.
Remove a Kind. Kinds used by Memos cannot be removed.
Rename a Kind. If Memos using the Kind exist, they will be
updated.

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String
attributes
Mark

Set title string attributes for each Kind.
Click Mark icon to change Mark for each kind.

You can de ne defaults including string attributes and mark for each Kind, when only one Kind
is selected in the list. These defaults will be referred when "defaults" button in the create/update
Memo dialog is clicked or when creating new Memo rst after program started.

Read KML

le as Memo Data

There are many type of data exist in KML ( and KMZ ) le, only simple Placemark with one Pointis converted to one User Memo Data. Refer to KML Data section
.

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16.2. Route Data
About Route data
You can plot a route on the Map View. A Routehas a polyline, title and node comments. You canspecify line type, color and width. Title and nodecomments can have 3 lines. Font, size, style andcolor for those strings can be set.
If line segment length between nodes is longer
than 150 km, it is drawn as a great circle, otherwise it is drawn as straight line on the screen.
Picture at right shows sample Route data on an
Orthographic projection map using ETOPO1.
Line types are solid line, broken line, chain line,
dotted line. Any colors are applied to lines. Linewidth can be set between 0.5 and 30.0 points.
Routes have "Kind" and "Layer". Visibility of each
Route on the map can be controlled by Kind and Layer.
Kind
You can create new kind with any string.
Layer
A number, 0 - 9.
You can create any Kinds, and can delete them. They will be in Kind menu.
If DEM is no-addressing type you can't
use Route data.
Route data is not restricted to route,but can be used as rivers, administrative
boundaries, etc..

Create new Route data
To begin plotting new route, move
mouse to start point of the route on the
Map View. Show context menu there andselect "Create User Data / Route", then a
red line will be drawn from start point tomouse. Click mouse at middle points, tostop creation double click at the end
point. You can cancel last node by Esc
key.
If you make click on a string ( any user
data string ) node address is set to thestring's address instead of mouse position. If you are holding option key at thetime, the string itself is set in node comment.
Creation dialog appears after doubleclicking. Select Kind and Layer, enter title, line attributes and string attributes.
You can modify each node address andcomment, and even add or delete nodes
in the dialog. Click "Create" button tonish creation.
You can reverse the order of nodes ofRoute data. You can combine two Routedata to one also. It can be used to organize route data created in small pieces orroute data imported from external les.
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Kind
Layer
Defaults
Title
Line attributes- Color- Type- WidthTitle attributes
Comment attributes
Number of nodes
Mileage
Node selection- top- prev. commented- previous- last- next commented- nextNode information- ( comment )- Latitude &Longitude- Elevation
Add node after thisnodeDelete this node
Reverse nodes
Combine another
Route
CancelCreateSelect from menu, or input any words for new "Kind".
Select one between 0 and 9 from menu.
Set layer, line and string attributes to defaults for "Kind".
Any string to be shown on the map up to 3 lines. If title exceeds 3 lines,
remains will be included in the 3rd line.
Any colors from color picker dialog. Click color pane to show color
picker panel. You can specify opacity.
Select a line type from menu.
Enter width value in points between 0.5 and 30.
String attributes for title on the map. Refer String attributes.
String attributes for node comments on the map. Refer String attributes.
Showing number of nodes in the Route, including both ends.
Showing total length of the Route calculated on the assumption that theearth is ideal sphere with radius of 6371 km.
Select a node to display details.
Show start node.
Show previous node that has comment. If there is no commented node,show start node.
Show previous node.
Show end node.
Show next node that has comment. If no commented node exist, show
end node.
Show next node.
Any string to be shown on the map up to 3 lines. If comment exceeds 3lines, remains will be included in the 3rd line.
Showing node address of each node. Value can be modi ed.
Elevation obtained from DEM data at the above address is set. Can bemodi ed to any value. If elevation has no meaning or uncertain, specify-20000.
Create new node between current node and next node. New node will beshown.
Delete current node. Previous node will be shown. Cannot delete rst
and last node.
Reverse the order of the nodes.
Combine with another Route data to make up long Route. Refer tofollowing section.
Cancel creation of this Route data.
Create this Route data. Created Route data will be shown on the map.

When dialog appears, kind, layer, tile attributes and comment attributesof previous dialog.

elds are set to those

Update Route data
You can update each Route, and update common attributes of Route.

Update one Route data
There are two ways to show dialog to update each Route data.
• Double-click Route title or node comment on the Map View during option key pressed. If it isdone on a node comment, the node will be selected on the dialog.
• Select "Edit user data" under “Tools" menu. Select one Route data in the list and click "Edit"
button.
You can drag each node on the map to update its position. To start drag-editing mode, double
click one of the string on the map with pressing option-key and shift-key. You can drag little
black dot shown at each node. To nish drag-editing mode, click any point on the map otherthan those dots. Without entering drag editing mode, you can drag any node directly while holding option key pressing.

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Update common attributes
Select "Edit user data" under “Tools" menu. Select Routes and click "Change all" button. You
can update following attributes of every selected Routes.
• Kind• Layer• Line attributes• Title attributes• Comment attributes

Combine Route data
You can combine two Route data to one Route data. Those two data should have the same
Kind, and their start or end points required to be near each other. The range of "near" is within
1/100 of the whole length of the Route data being edited. However, it is up to 1 km.
Click "Combine Route data" button of the editing dialog to show candidate list. then select one.
Nodes of the selected Route data are added to Route data that is editing currently. Selected
Route data will be removed after dialog is closed, but if dialog is canceled it will be retained. After combining, the dialog shows joint node.
If joining occurred at both start nodes or both end nodes, added node’s order will be reversed.

Tilt the title and node comment / Write vertically
You can tilt (rotate) the title string and node comment of the Route on the Map View. Drag theend of the string while holding down the shift key. The rotation center is at the lower left corner
for node comment and upper left corner for title. In the case of vertical writing, it is the upper
left corner or upper right corner respectively. This rotation angle is included when saving Routedata and is maintained when it is read later. Older version program ignores this information.
If you rotate it to the range of ±10 degrees downward vertical, it will change to vertical writingin the case of Japanese, Chinese, etc.. To return it to horizontal writing, rotate it to the range of±10 degrees in the horizontal direction. Vertical writing will not work if vertical fonts are notavailable even Japanese.
To eliminate the tilt, click the string while holding down option key and shift key, it will be reset
horizontally (vertically in the case of vertical writing).

Defaults for Route data
De ne Kinds, and set defaults for them. Open “User Data Preferences…” under “Tools” menu.
Order of the Kinds in the list a ects Kind menu of the Route creation or update dialog.

[+]
[-]

Create new Kind.
Remove a Kind. Kinds used currently by Route cannot be removed.

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RenameAttributes

Rename a Kind. If Routes using the Kind exist, they will be updated.
Following attributes are set as defaults for each Kind.
Title attributes, Comment attributes, Line color, Line width, Line type.

You can de ne defaults for each Kind when only one kind is selected in the list. These defaults
are referred when "defaults" button in the create/update Route data dialog is clicked.

Read e00

les as Route data

e00 le contains Arc/Info interchange form data. SimpleDEMViewer reads e00 le and extract
line data as User Route data.
To read e00 le, do "Open" under "File" menu. Its le name will be "Kind" of the Route data.
Each line in the e00 le becomes one Route data.
Data names have letters "Arc" follows by sequence number. All line and string attributes arexed values, although you can change any attributes after reading with User Data editing functions.
• SimpleDEMViewer ignores all e00 le if it has no ARC data.
• Even if e00 le contains area data, only boundaries are treated as Routes.
• Datum should be WGS84.

Read KML

le as Route Data

There are many type of data exist in KML ( and KMZ ) le, simple Placemarks with “LineString”
will be converted to Route data. Refer to KML Data section.

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16.3. Area Data
About Area data
Area data is a region on the surface of the earth, bounded by points with addresses. Each Area data has pattern
and title, they will be shown on the map. The pattern is
one of frame only, translucent, hatching ( vertical, horizontal, right up, right down lines ). Any color can be used
for those patterns. Title string has maximum 3 lines, andfont, size, style and colors are speci able.
Area data have "Kind" and "Layer". Visibility of each Area
data on the map can be controlled by Kind and Layer.
Kind : You can create new Kind with any words.
Layer : A number between 0 and 9.
If DEM is no-addressing type you can't use Area data.
Area data with holes are supported only when creating from external les such as KML. Can notcreate new Area data with holes by this program, and can not edit holes edge position.

Create new Area data
To begin plotting new Area, move mouse to some point on the map. Show context menu there,
and select "Create User Data / Area", then a red line will be drawn from start point to mouse.
Click mouse at the points, and double-click at last. If you make click on a string ( any user data
string ) edge address is set to the string's address instead of mouse position. You can cancel lastclick point by Esc key.
Creation dialog will appear after double-clicking. Select or enter following items.
Kind
Layer
Defaults
Title

Select from menu, or input new Kind.
Select one between 0 and 9 from menu.
Set layer, pattern and string attributes to defaults for "Kind".
Any string to be shown on the map in 3 lines. If title exceeds 3 lines, remains
will be included in the 3rd line.
Pattern
Select a pattern from menu.
Frame only, Translucent, Dots, Hatchings ( Horizontal, Vertical, right up, rightdown )Color
Set any colors using color picker panel. Click color pane to show color picker
panel.
Title attributes String attributes for title displayed on the map. Refer String attributes.
Area size
Calculated area size will be shown. Calculation is based on the assumption thatthe earth is ideal sphere with radius of 6371 km.
CancelCancel creation of this Area data.
CreateCreate this area data. Area data will be shown on the Map View.
When dialog appears, Kind, Layer, area type, color and title attributes
previous dialog. Addresses show edges of surrounding rectangle.

elds are set to those of

Update Area data
You can update each Area, or update common attributes of Area data.

Update one Area data
There are two ways to call update dialog of Area data.
• Double-click an Area tile on the map during option key pressed.
• Select "Edit user data" under “Tools" menu. Select one Area data in the list and click "Edit" button.
You can drag an node of the Area data on the Map View to update its position. To start dragediting mode, double click title string on the Map View while option and shift key pressing. You
can drag little black dot shown on each node. To nish drag-editing mode, click any point on

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SimpleDEMViewerthe map other than those dots. Without entering drag editing mode, you can drag any node directly while option button pressing.

Update common attributes
Select "Edit user data" under “Tools" menu. Select Area data and click "Set all" button. You can
update following attributes of all selected Area data.
• Kind, Layer, Area pattern, Color, Title attributes

Reposition title string
As a default, Area title is drawn at the center of the surrounding rectangle. Sometimes it is drawn outside of the Area like as
picture at right. You can drag the title string anywhere youwant, but it depends on the scale. If scale is changed, it may be
drawn at unacceptable position.
Do the following actions to x the position to speci ed longitude and latitude. Hold down the ⌘ key and drag the title andstop dragging at the intended place, and release the ⌘ key after
the red line indicating movement disappears. The reference
position will be changed to the lower center of the rectangle
surrounding title string at this time. If you drag it as shown inthe second picture, you can see that the reference position has
been changed.
When you save the Area data, this information also be written,
so it will be re ected when it is imported later. Older program
ignores this information.

Tilt the title / Write vertically
You can tilt (rotate) the title string of the Area on the Map View. Drag the end of the string
while holding down the shift key. The rotation center is at bottom center. In the case of vertical
writing, it is the center of the left side. This rotation angle is included when saving Area data andis maintained when it is read later. Older version program ignores this information.
If you rotate it to the range of ±10 degrees downward vertical, it will change to vertical writingin the case of Japanese, Chinese, etc.. To return it to horizontal writing, rotate it to the range of±10 degrees in the horizontal direction. Vertical writing will not work if vertical fonts are notavailable even Japanese.
To eliminate the tilt, click the string while holding down option key and shift key, it will be reset
horizontally (vertically in the case of vertical writing).

Defaults for Areadata
De ne Kinds, and set
defaults for them. Open“User Data Preferences…”
under “Tools” menu. Order of the Kinds in thelist a ects Kind menu of
the Area creation or update dialog.

[+]
[-]

Create new Kind.
Remove a Kind. Kinds used by Areas cannot be removed.

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RenameAttributes

Rename a Kind. If Areas using the Kind exist, they will be updated.
Following attributes are set as defaults for each Kind.
Title attributes, Area pattern, Color

You can de ne defaults for each Kind when only one kind is selected in the list. These defaults
will be referred when "defaults" button in the create/update Area data dialog is clicked.

Read KML

le as Area Data

There are many type of data exist in KML ( and KMZ ) le, simple Placemarks with Polygon will
be converted to User Area data. Refer to KML Data section.

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16.4. GPX Data as User Memo and RouteGPX format GPS data includes waypoint / route / track data. Reading GPX le to create User
Memo or Route data depends on them. Read the le using ‘Open’ under the File menu.
Addresses always be treated as WGS84. If altitude is included, it will be copied as each point
elevation. Its unit should be meter.
Kind of user data is set to“GPX” always. If it is not exist already, one created automatically. If
exists, all attributes of user data are copied from it. Layer is set to 0 (zero) always. If you want
to use di erent marks depends on data, you should change individually or change all in Edit User
Data dialog. Save them as user data le if needed.

Memo data
Convert waypoint (WPT) data to Memo data. Kind is always "GPX". You can change the kindanytime after reading to any kind as normal User Memo data.
Waypoint’s name attributes is copied to title eld of Memo data. If no name attributes, title will
be set to le name plus serial number.
<time>, <magvar>, <cmt>, <desc> attributes are copied to content eld.

Route data
Convert route (RTE) data and track (TRK) data to User Route data. Kind is always "GPX". You
can change the Kind to any other Kind as normal Route data anytime after reading.
If it is track data, each segment is converted to one Route data.
Name attributes is copied to title eld of Route data. If no name attributes, title will be set tole name plus serial number.
When "RTE", if each point has "name" attribute, it is copied to node comment eld. If no "name",
copy "cmt" or "time" attribute.
When "TRK", if each point has "time" attribute, it is copied to node comment eld. If no "time"
attribute, copy "name" or "cmt" attribute.

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16.5. KML Data as User Memo / Route / Area Data
There are many type of data exist in KML ( and KMZ ) le, only simple Placemarks are supported, other data are ignored. Convert “Point” data to User Memo data, “LineString” to User Routedata, “Polygon” to User Area data. Referring some style attributes for label, line and polygon, but
may not all attributes are converted to user data attributes. For example, polygons are treated asregion on the earth surface always, extrude option is ignored.

Common items• User data kind will be set to “KMLPlaceMark” always. It will be created automatically if not exist.
If it exists, its attributes will be applied.
• Title eld will be set to name eld of KML le. If one Placemark contains many LineStrings or
Polygons, all Route or Area data have same title.
• Layer of user data is 0 always.
• If altitudeMode is ‘clampToGround’, elevation value will be 'none’. If altitude is 0 elevation value will be set to ‘none’ even altitudeMode is other than ‘clampToGround’. For polygons altitude
and extrude option are ignored always.
• Supports KMZ le that has only one KML le. If cannot read, unzip it previously and read it.
• You can change any attributes of imported data, and save them as user data le for later use.

Memo data• One point data is converted to one Memo data.
• Kind of Memo is “KMLPlacemark” and layer is always 0. If kind “KMLPlacemark” exists already,mark and title string attributes are taken from it. If the kind is created automatically, mark will
be White Flag.
• If label style exists color and size are taken for title attributes.
• Content eld of Memo data is set to strings of “description”. If ‘description has “CDATA”, its
content is copied to Memo content eld, so that if it contains HTML structure, its formatting isapplied, but hyper link will not work.
• Icon style is ignored always.

Rout data• One 'lineString' data is converted to one Route data.
• Kind of Route data is “KMLPlacemark”. If Route kind “KMLPlacemark” exists already, title string
attributes, comment attributes, line-type, line-width, line-color are taken from it. If Label styleand line style are set in KML le, label color, label size, line width and line color are taken fromit.

Area data• One polygon data is converted to one area data.
• Kind of Area data is “KMLPlacemark”. If Area kind “KMLPlacemark” exists already, title string
attributes and Area-color are taken from it. If Label style exists in KML le, label color, label
size are taken from it. Area pattern is “Translucent” if ll option is set in KML le, otherwise it
will be “Frame only”.
• Alpha value of polygon color is ignored.
• Extrude option and altitude are ignored always, since User Area data clamps to earth surface
always.

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16.6. Common Features of User Data
Show / Hide user data
You can control visibility of each user data on the Map View using Kind and Layer. You can set
each Layer's visibility depending on map scale.
To set visibility control, display dialog by "Show/Hide user data" under "Tools" menu. You can
set visibility for Kinds and Layers independently. Each user data will be shown on the map whenits visibility is set to "show" for both Kind and Layer.

by Kind
Following object's visibility can be set for each kind of data type.
• Data itself• Title• Node comment for Routeby Layer
Layer setting is applied to all memo, route and area data. Two types of setting are available.
One is just show / hide each layer, another is depending on map scale. Latter is optional. User
data are visible when both are set to "show".
Visibility range is set by slider, drag edge of each slider and set it desired scale on the dialog.

String attributes
Specify following attributes in separate dialog. Defaults for each Kind can be set by Preferences ( Memo
/ Route / Area ) for each User Data type. These attributes applied to whole string always.
Font
Select a font from menu.
Style
Select a style supported by font.
Size
Specify font size between 5 and 256
points.
Style addition Specify bold, italic and shadow attributes. You can set them regardlessof whether the font supports thosestyles or not. If font supports bold
and italic, it will be thicker and more
inclined.
Letter color
Specify any text color using Color
Picker panel.
Background transparency
Specify whether background is transparent or opaque
Background color
Specify color of opaque background. You can specify
opacity in Color Picker panel.
You can use 'Font Panel' to specify font, style and size.

Save / Read user data
Saving
You can save all Memos, Routes or Areas ( created or read in the session ) or data of selected
kinds as a le. Select "Save user data" under "File" menu to save them with any name anywhere
you want. File extension will be set to "jzmemo", "jzrout" or "jzarea".
Alert dialog will appear when attempt to quit program or load working set without saving new
or updated user data. However if “Restoration working set” function is set to “Always”, no alert
appears before quitting and those changes are saved automatically, and will be preserved next
activation time.
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Moving of title or node comment will not save, then no alert appears, but repositioning of Area
title is exception.
Saving user data always creates new le, not update. You can make new le has same name asexisting le to replace it.

Reading
To read user data le, select "Open…" under "File" menu. You can select folders to read pluralles. You can read them and DEMs at the same time. You can double click user data le, or dropthem on to application icon or main window to read them.
Even if you attempt to read same le twice, no alert will appear. You may delete all and readagain.
If "Kind" of read data are new for you, they will be registered automatically. In such a case, attributes of data rst occurrence for each "Kind" are registered as defaults.

Edit User Data
You can edit individual data or group of data selected from a table, and also remove a data orgroup of data. You can edit any elds of a data, or common elds of a group.

Show data in a table
Select "Edit user data…" under “User Data” menu to display the table lled with user data. Table
shows Kind, Layer, Title, Latitude and Longitude. Data order is selectable by any elds. For
Route and Area data, latitude and longitude show center address of the bounding rectangle.
You can select data group appearing in the table using menus.
- Show Memo, Route or Area data.
- Show all Kinds or one Kind.
- Show all Layers or one Layer.

Change all
Select one or plural data and click "Change all" button. You can edit following elds.
Memo
Route
Area

Kind, Layer, Mark, Title string attributes.
Kind, Layer, Line attributes, Title and Comment string attributes.
Kind, Layer, Pattern attributes, Title string attributes.

Edit individual data
Select one data and click "Edit" Button. Edit dialog will appear and you can edit any elds. You
can double-click on the data in the table to invoke editing.

Remove data
Select one or plural data and click "Remove" button to remove them. Alert dialog shows countof data to remove. This operation is just removing them from memory, no e ect to the le on adisk or SSD.

Search data
Enter some string into search
will be shown in the table.

eld, then those user data that include the string in the title

eld

Check the location on the map
Select one data and click "Map" Button, then round arrow will point it on the Map View. If it isout of the Map View, map will be repositioned.

Export data
Export User Data currently shown in the table, depending on Data Type,.Kind, Layer and search
result. Output le has text format, so that some application can process it. Refer next section.

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Find user data on the map
You can search and locate it on the Map View by sub-string of title or node comment shown on
the Map View. Content eld of User Memo also can be searched. Found user data will be positioned at center of the Map View.
User data those are controlled to not display at the beginning of the search are not target forsearch. Also, except for the content of the memo, strings that are controlled to not displayed on
the map are not target for search.
To search user data, select "Find..." under "Find&Jump" menu, enter some string to nd andclick "Search" button. To search next data that has same string, execute "Find next" under"Find&Jump" menu.
Even user data its position is out of the DEM data range can be searched, but cannot searchwhen no DEM data is read.

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16.7. Export / Import User Data to / from Text File
You can export User Memo / Route / Area Data to text les, and import from text les. Those
text les make available to use User data by other programs, and vise versa.
Memo Data text le format is TSV ( Tab Separated Variable ), so that you can check and edit
them in table layout with application “Numbers”. Other two are normal text les. TSV is also justa text le using tab character as a eld separator.
String attributes are not exported nor imported. When importing, if “Kind” is prede ned in theUser Data Preferences, those prede ned attributes are applied. If you want, you can set string
attributes by “Change All” function in the Edit User Data dialog.

ExportPress Export button in the User Data Edit Table described in the previous section. All data
shown in table are written into one le. File extensions are xed to "tsv", "rout", "area" for eachMemo, Route and Area data respectively.
You have following options in the le saving dialog.
Address form
In degrees or in degrees, minutes and seconds.
Number of Decimals for elevation
integer, 1 or 2 decimals.

ImportSelect “Import User Data…” under the "Tools" menu to read text user data le. File extensions
should be "tsv", "rout" or "area" for each Memo, Route and Area data respectively.

Text

le format

All les should match followings.
• Text encoding is always UTF-8.
• Ignore lines as comment if rst character in the line is semi-colon (;).
• If title or comment in Route and Area data include spaces, enclosed them with double quotation
marks.
• If any string such as title and content has line break characters, change them to \r or \n.

User Memo Data
Text le includes following items separated by tab character.
Title
Copy except line break character replaced by \n.
Kind
Copy.
Layer
Integer number, 0 ~ 9.
Mark
Number or mark name. Numbers for standard marks showed in Mark selection
panel as tips. Flags are Flag1 ~ Flag5. User marks are their le names.
Latitude and longitude
Latitude and longitude use each eld, if D.M.S form is speci ed degrees, minutes
and seconds use each eld.
Elevation
Integer or decimals in meters. “(n/a)” is written if data has no elevation value.
-20000 is acceptable as no value for input.
Content
Copy except line break character replaced by \n.
Example. ( ⇥ is tab character. );Title⇥Kind⇥Layer⇥Mark⇥Latitude⇥Longitude⇥Elevation⇥Contents
Tokyo\n東京⇥City⇥0⇥35⇥35.68333333⇥139.75000000⇥(n/a)⇥Capital city of Japan.\nPopulation: 9 millions.
London⇥City⇥0⇥35⇥51.50000000⇥0.00000000⇥(n/a)⇥Capital of United Kingdom.\nPopulation: 7 millions.

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Picture below is screen shot of Numbers.app.

User Route Data
• First line except comment should specify address form.
• Datum is WGS84 always.
• One route data consists of a header line, a node header line, many node lines and a node trailerline. One le contains many routes data.
• The header line should begin with the key word "Route=", and specify route data attributes suchas Title, Kind, Layer, Line attributes. Title and kind are required for every route data. If any
other item is omitted, it will be the default values. If Kind is de ned already in User Data Preferences, omitted items and string attributes are set to those prede ned values.
< Examples >; Running courses
AddrForm= D
Route= "Our city marathon", Kind= "Running course", LineColor= red, Width= 1.5
Nodes_Begin
Addr= ( 36.0123456, 139.33333 ), Elev= 456, Comment= "Start"
Addr= ( 36.0123456, 139.33375 ), Elev= 467 )…
Addr= ( 36.0123444, 139.3340 ), Elev= 499 Comment= "water"…
Addr= ( 36.0123400, 139.33433 ), Elev= 555, Comment= "Goal"
Nodes_End
Address forms
AddrForm= form
The form is one of followings.
D
in degrees
D.M.S
separated by period

ex.)
ex.)

145.3254028
145.25.31.45

Route header line forms
Key words
Route= Kind= Layer= Line= LineColor= Width=
First two key words are required. Route= should be the rst item and Kind= is the second.
Other items can be speci ed in any order.
Route=
Specify the title of this route, enclosed in double quotes. This will be shown in the
map.
Kind=
Specify kind, enclosed in double quotes.
Layer=
Specify layer number between 0 and 9.
Line=
Specify line type with following key words.
normal / dashed / dotandline / dots
Width=
Specify line width in points between 0.5 and 30.0.
LineColor=
Specify line color on the map by RGBA color components or color name. For RGBA
color components, specify each red, green, blue, alpha values between 0 and 1.0
enclosed in parentheses. The alpha value 1 is opaque, 0 means transparent. Supported color names are white, black, red, green and blue.

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ex.)Color= ( 1, 0, 0, 1 )Color= white
Node header line forms
Specify "Nodes_Begin" only.
Node line forms
Key words
Addr= Elev= Comment=
Addr= is required and should be the rst item. Others are optional.
Addr=

Elev=

Comment=

Specify latitude and longitude in this order putting parentheses around them. If
south latitude, or west longitude, put minus sign before the value.
ex.)
Addr= ( -41.0123, 173.5000 )Specify elevation in meter. If elevation is not available or applicable, specify lessthan -19999 meter. If omit this key word, it will has no elevation instead of copy
previous one.
Specify node comment, enclosed in double quotes.
ex.)Comment= "Check point 1"

Node trailer line forms
Specify "Nodes_End" only.
Defaults
If Kind is prede ned in the User Data Preferences, Line=, Width= and LineColor= are set tothose prede ned values.
Layer=
0Line=
normalWidth=
1.5
LineColor=
red
Elev=
No elevation value for the node.

User Area Data
• First line except comment should specify address form.
• Datum is WGS84 always.
• One Area data has a header line, a node header line, many node lines and a node trailer line.
• The header line should begin with the key word "Area=", and specify Area data attributes suchas Title, Kind, Layer and Pattern. Title and kind are required for every Area data. If any otheritem is omitted, it will be the default values. If Kind is de ned already in User Data Preferences,
omitted items and string attributes are set to those prede ned values.
• Node header line has a key word "Nodes_Begin" only.
• Node lines specify each node address only.
• Node trailer line has a key word "Nodes_End" only.
< Sample >; User Area Data
AddrForm= D
Area= "ABC National Park", Kind= "National park", Pattern= translucent, AreaColor= red
Nodes_Begin
Addr= ( 36.012456, 139.33333 )Addr= ( 36.012344, 139.3340 )Addr= ( 36.012400, 139.33433 )

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Addr= ( 36.012302, 139.33421 )Nodes_End
Address forms
AddrForm= form
The form is one of followings.
D
D.M.S

in degrees
separated by period

ex.)
ex.)

145.3254028
145.25.31.45

Area header line forms
Key words
Area= Kind= Layer= Pattern= AreaColor=
First two key words are required. Area= should be the rst item and Kind= is the second. Other
items can be speci ed in any order.
Area=
Kind=
Layer=
Pattern=
AreaColor=

Specify the title of this Area data enclosed in double quotes. It will be shown inthe map.
Specify Kind enclosed in double quotes.
Specify Layer number between 0 and 9.
Specify Pattern by key word below.
frame, translucent, dots, horizontal, vertical, rightUp, rightDown
Specify color on the map by RGBA color components or color name. For RGBA
color components, specify each red, green, blue, alpha values between 0 and 1.0
enclosed in parentheses. The alpha value 1 is opaque, 0 means transparent.
Supported color names are white, black, red, green and blue.
ex.)
AreaColor= ( 1, 0, 0, 1 )ex.)
AreaColor= green

Node header line forms
Specify Node_Begin only.
Node line forms
Specify one address in each line.
Addr=
Specify latitude and longitude in this order putting parentheses around them. If
south latitude, or west longitude, put minus sign before the value.
ex.)
Addr= ( 34.333333, -145.2333333 )
Node trailer line forms
Specify Node_End only.
Defaults
If Kind is prede ned in the User Data Preferences, Pattern= and AreaColor= are set to thoseprede ned values.
Layer=
0Pattern=
dots
AreaColor=
red

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17. Texture Mapping
Any images can be used as texture of geo-surface, not only
for the plane map but also for Bird's-eye views, StereoGraphs,
Panorama views and Projection maps. Assumed images aresatellite images, aerial photographs, land use maps, topographic maps and others. The picture at right uses a Landsat image.
To use texture, show a dialog by selecting "Texture maps..."under the "Tools" menu. In this dialog you can• Read any image le to use as texture.
• Remove those images.
• De ne addresses of four corners.
• Set transparency.
If read image is GeoTi , world le is attached or topographic
maps from GSI of Japan, corner addresses are set automatically.
Those texture are treated as "has native address". World leshould be in Latitude and Longitude.
<AS note> Topographic maps from GSI of Japan is treated as normal picture, because program can notrecognize control le.

Setting Dialog
List of texture
File names of textures are listed.
If texture’s coverage overlapped eachother, the texture upper in this list is used.
Names can be dragged to change its order.
If one of the texture is applied, other texture is not applied even if its opacity is lessthan 100 %.
Turn "Draw" check box to o to suspend
use of the texture.
Read
Read a image le to use as a texture.
RemoveRemove selected le from texture list.
Show PictShow selected texture in a separate window temporarily to check image.
Corner addresses
If a texture is selected in the table, its
contents are shown here.
Only north-west and south-east corners
can be set when the check box "Parallel toLatitude and Longitude" is checked.
Specify Latitude and Longitude even if theimage has UTM addresses.
You cannot de ne the texture range that
contains south pole or north pole inside.
Parallel to Latitudes and Longitudes
Set to on if bounds are parallel to eachaxes to faster drawing. If the texture has
UTM or other plane address, cannot set
this to on.
Use region
Specify texture is full opaque or having transparent portion.

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Select white or black when the satellite image has margin around it in black or white. In othercase you want to treat the white background of the topographic map as transparent. If you
specify to exclude a white or black area those texture map will not be applied to the relevant
area.
Opacity
Specify opacity in percentage. If 100 %, color of the texture is taken to draw. If it is less than
100 %, mixed with the elevation color.
Fitting on the map
You can drag whole or each corner, can extend or shrink whole image.
Show picture on the Map View and place it manually to appropriate position.
See below for operations.
Reset to data native address
Ignore any change to the corner addresses and set native addresses if the texture has them.
Change projection plane
If the texture map has address speci ed by world le or GeoTi and it is based on UTM or otherplanes, you can change zone number anytime after reading for correction.
Use antialiasing
Set to on to use antialiasing for every texture mapping.
Apply texture on the sea and lakes
Set to on to apply texture mapping on the sea and lake surface.
Apply shading
Set to on when applying the shading to the area where the texture was drawn. It may be better
set to o when an image such as an aerial photo contains a shadow.

Fitting on the Map View
If you feel it di cult to enter four addresses directly, you
can show texture on the map temporarily and place it correct position by dragging.
When you click "Fitting on the map" button, the dialog
disappear and texture will be placed at the center of theMap View, or at accurate place if addresses are already set.
You can drag whole texture or drag each corner independently. You can expand or shrink texture coverage byclicking buttons in console panel.
Though main menu are inactive during this operation,
you can expand, shrink or move the map by context menu,
and can drag or scroll it.
Console panel
You can do following operations from console panel.
Expand / Shrink
Expand the coverage of texture 1.1 times or shrink it by
1.1.
Transparency ( Slider )Set texture's translucent rate during this operation to make easier the positioning.
Transparent portion of the texture is drawn as translucent black.
CancelCancel the positioning operation.
Done
Quit positioning operation and apply result.

World

le

World le for texture map uses all 6 lines unlike DEM’s. Lettersa to f in the gure at right represent value of each line. The framein the gure represents top left corner pixel.

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Line 1. ( a ) : Horizontal o set to right pixel.
Line 2. ( b ) : Vertical o set to right pixel.
Line 3. ( c ) : Horizontal o set to pixel below.
Line 4. ( d ) : Vertical o set to pixel below.
Line 5. ( e ) : Horizontal coordinate of the center of the top left pixel.
Line 6. ( f ) : Vertical coordinate of the center of the top left pixel.
‘a’ has plus value always.
‘b’ and ‘c’ have minus value when slope down to right as this gure, have plus value when down
to left. Both are zero when gure is parallel to the axes.
‘d’ has minus value always.
All six values are in degrees or seconds if Geo addressing, otherwise in meters.

SampleA sample at right is a image of letters with white background and red frame. Image below is a Panorama View,
using above image as a texture map. If you use texture
maps with white space like this sample or topographic
map, use ti or png format, otherwise letters and lines are
not clear, especially when using jpeg image.

Notes• Always specify addresses by Latitude and Longitude even if its native address is UTM or otherplanes.
• Alert will be display and cannot quit the dialog if you have not set addresses for all textures. If
you cannot set them, remove them, or set temporary addresses using tting-on-the-map feature.
• Datum of GeoTi is ignored,.always assumed as WGS84.
• Speci ed information will be saved with le name. When reading a texture le, stored information will be shown. If information exists for the name but picture sizes are di erent, they aretreated as di erent le, and old information will be cleared.
• If a texture map has named planeID addressing, saved information may be changed invalidly if
you manage several named plane IDs and change sequence or add plane IDs. Such a case, you
should select plane ID again.

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18. Selected Rectangle Region
Any rectangle region on the Map View can be speci ed for making bird's-eye views, stereographs, and saving map picture, or set range to search highest / lowest elevations. During DEM
Inspector running, you can set same elevation value to the rectangle region.
• Select "Select rectangle region..." from the context menu on the map, and move mouse cursor
to make rectangle and click to de ne it.
• You can drag the frame of selected rectangle on the Map View to adjust it.
• You can specify rectangle region by longitude and latitude. Select "Rectangle region..." under“Tools” menu to show setting dialog.
• To clear the selection, show above dialog and click clear button.

Picture at right is dialog for no-addressing
DEMs. All values are set in meters.
Four numbers outside of red rectangle show
range of whole DEM(s).
Menu in the Map Info Panel
When rectangle region is selected, "Rectangle
region" line appear in theMap Info Panel. Click '>'mark at right and select following features frommenu.
• Clear rectangle selection.
• Show dialog.
• Reposition map so that rectangle region will be placed in the center of the Map View. If rectangle region is too big, the map will be shrunk until edge of rectangle region can be recognized.

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19. Copy / Paste Latitude and Longitude
When address eld is focused in various dialogs. you can copy address ( latitude and longitude )from it or paste address to it. Copied object is a simple text string so that you can copy it into
text eld in any program, and vise versa. Also you can copy mouse point address on the Map
View, To do it use context menu.
You can select text format for exporting from proprietary and two oating point numbers in
Preferences panel. For importing, many formats are supported as followings.
All text format addresses are treated as "WGS-84" .

Text format
Proprietary format• 'LW ' at start, latitude and longitude follow it.
• First character of latitude is 'N' or 'S' for north or south, 'E' or 'W' for longitude.
• Periods separate degrees, minutes and seconds.
ex)
LW N30.15.25.0 E111.10.30.0
LW S23.10.0 W44.50.10
Two oating point numbers±dd.dddd ±ddd.ddd+ sign can be omitted. Latitude rst.
ex)
38.33333 141.0123333+42 142.666666-65.3333-23.456666
ISO 6709±DD.DDDD±DDD.DDDD

degrees±DDMM.MMM±DDDMM.MMM

degrees and minutes±DDMMSS.SS±DDDMMSS.SS

degrees, minutes and seconds

ex)+26-110-45.66666+15.25-4540+1515-4540.000+1515.000+364533.000-1293636.333
Two oating point numbers and direction characters
Cdd.dddd Cddd.dddd or dd.ddddC ddd.ddddC
C is one of 'N' or 'S' for latitude, 'W' or 'E' for longitude. Any characters between them are ignored.
ex)
N33 E123
33N 123E
S5.11111 W99.5
E133.5678 N23.45678
Latitude 36.3333N Longitude 111.2345E
Two number strings each has tow or three periods
Parts separated by period are treated as degrees, minutes and seconds from left.
e.g.
33.26.30 137.40.15,
33.26.30.123 137.40.15.789
These are translated to
33 26 30 137 40 15,
33 26 30.123 137 40 15.789

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After this translation, they are treated as six numbers as described in next section.
Various strings that contain some numbers
If it has three numbers, ignore third number and apply one of above rules.
If it has four or six numbers and various characters, following steps are applied.
• Replace words ‘North’, ‘South’, ‘West’, ‘East’ to a character N, S, W, E respectively.
Replace characters 北, 南, 西, 東 to a character N, S, W, E respectively.
•

Replace all characters other than numbers, +, -. . (period), N, S, W, E, to space ignoring case.
Control characters ( such as return code ) are replaced to space also.
• Separate four or six numbers at the center to two groups. Each group are treated as an address of degrees and minutes or degrees, minutes and seconds.
• If there are characters of N, S, W or E, which one is latitude or longitude depends on their position. If no those characters is found, rst group should be latitude.
e.g.
+23.456789 -123.456789 2345.6 m
N34°19'06.8" E131°34'05.0"
34:12:55 West 35:46:12.123 South
緯度34°19'06.8" 経度131°34'05.0"
東経135度1分2.567秒

北緯33度21分33.4秒

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20. Show Place on External Map
You can show the place, that is pointed in the Map View, by Apple's "Maps", or show on "Google
map" with Safari ( or other web browser ). Internet connection is required.
In the Map View, show context menu at any place and select “Show this place in Maps.app” or“Google map”, then the place is shown on them. Maps or Safari is activated automatically if notactive.

Show by “Maps”
Activates Maps if not started, and set center to the place. Set appropriate scale depends onscale of SimpleDEMViewer.

Show by Google map
Activate Safari ( or your default browser ) if not started, access Google map and set center tothe place. Set appropriate scale depends on scale of SimpleDEMViewer.

7021. Measuring Mileage
You can measure mileage between two place along any routeon the Map View.
To begin measuring, position mouse to start point on the Map
View. Show context menu and select "Measure mileage", andthen a red line will be drawn from start point to mouse cursor
and show mileage near the cursor.
Click mouse button at some points to x the route, and double-click to nish measuring. If you click on any user data
string, the string's base address will be used instead of mouseposition. You can cancel last node by Esc key.
Unit of mileage is one of kilometer, mile and nautical mile,
which is selected in General pane of Preference panel. If it isshort, unit is meter or yard.
Shows direction to the mouse point from the start point during rst section only. It is in degrees from north clockwise Because calculation assumes the earth is a true sphere, the error
will be larger in the case of a long distance such as more thana few thousands kilometers.

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22. Find Highest or Lowest Elevation
Find highest or lowest elevation point among the read DEMs. You can select search range from"Selected rectangle", "Window area", or "Whole DEMs". Result are shown in a small information
panel and a red-round-arrow points the place on the Map View. You can copy address and elevation value as a text string from the information panel.
Result elevation is raw value in the DEM le, not interpolated one.
Sea and void portion are ignored always.

Operation• Choose "Find highest / lowest…" under "Tools"
menu to show dialog.
• Select highest or lowest, select range and click"Find" button.
• Found point is pointed by red-round arrow on
the Map View, and information panel displays
details.
If the point is out side of the window, map will
be reposition, so that the point sits in the center.
Results
Elevation
Address

Shows raw value in the DEM in meters.
Shows Latitude and Longitude. If there are many same elevation points,
address of rst found point will be set.
If the DEM is no-addressing type, this eld will be blank.
Name of the DEM that includes the point.
XY coordinate in the DEM le. The upper left corner is ( 0, 0 ).

DEM le name
Position in DEM

Click “Copy address" in result panel to copy strings to clip board includes the address and theelevation. Address format is DMS or DD depends on setting in Preferences panel.

String example
DMS
DD

LW N33.10.15.33 W100.55.11.01 3770 m
25.1234567 -96.8765432 1234 m

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23. Contours
You can draw contour lines on the map of the Map
View. You can select interval, line colors, indexed line
interval. Contour lines are drawn on the map when you
click the "Draw" button. It will disappear when map isredrawn or scrolled.
If using retina screen and specifying double density fordrawing Map View, line width will be half, and drawing
takes four times longer.
You can draw contour lines on Projection Maps andsaved picture of the Map View. In those cases, contour
line settings are the same as for Map View.
Contour lines on the Map View is drawn as dot by dot
always. You can select line mode at creating Projection Maps and saving Map View images, sothat some draw software, such as Adobe Illustrator, can treat contours as lines. In this case you
can specify line width. Line mode drawing takes time much longer. Refer “Line mode” section
below.
You can save contour settings with name, so that you can refer it later.

Settings
Select "Draw contour lines" under the "Tools" menu toshow the dialog. Also you can click "draw" button inContour section of the Map Info Panel of the Main window. In the dialog, you can specify followings and draw
contour lines.
Contour set
Load saved contour line settings withname from the menu.
[Save] with name.
Save current settings with name.
Its name will be listed in the menu.
RemoveRemove contour set showed in abovemenu. You cannot remove Default set.
IntervalEnter any integer value in meters or feet.
Minimum is 1 meter or 1 ft.
Draw index lines for each
Set to on and select index pitch to draw
index lines.
Color set
Select prepared color set for main andindex lines.
Main, Index
Color for main and index lines. Clickcolor box to change them individually.
Use di erent intervals and colors for under [ 0 ] m.
Set to on if you want to use di erent colors and intervals for under sea level. You
can specify depth and color for each line.
Two colors can be used for sea depth.
Not only for under sea levels, you can use
this table for lower land near sea level.
You can set elevations up to 1000 meter.
Color 1, Color 2 Colors for sea depth. Click color box tochange them.
Depth / Elev. Specify depth or elevation for each line in meters or feet. Unit is the same asabove interval eld.
Color
Color for each line. Select from Color1, Color2, Main or Index color.
[+] [-]
Add or remove a line.
Default button Reset all settings of "Use di erent intervals and colors …" to defaults.

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Don’t draw above sea level.
Set to on when you do not want contour lines on the land above sea level.
Don’t draw sea level.
Set to on when you want no contour lines on seashore. Inland contour lines of 0
meter also disappear.
Don’t draw under sea level.
Set to on when you do not want contour lines under sea level.
Draw button
Click to draw contour on the Map View.

Line mode
You can select line mode when saving picture of
Map View or creating projection maps. In line mode,
you can specify line width for main lines, index lines
and sea depth lines each. Other settings are thesame as ones to the Map View. If line color for under
sea is Main or Index, Main or Index line width will beapplied for them.
Following images show results of various settings. They are extended using graphic software.
First three images are saved as PNG and last one saved as PDF. All line width and color settings
are default values.
First one was drawn in dot mode and 72 dpi. Second one was drawn in dot mode and 144 dpi.

Third one was drawn in line mode and 144 dpi. Last one was drawn in line mode and 144 dpi.
Last one was saved as PDF, and extended by PDF Viewer.

Notes• Draw button does not erase previous drawing, so that if you changed the interval, you should
erase previous contour lines by refreshing Map View.
• When saving image of the Map View or creating Projection Maps, last contour settings used to
draw on the Map View will be applied.

7424. Coloring According to Slope Degree
Draw map with colors according to slope degree. You canspecify seven slope degrees and colors to them.
Colors drawn by this feature will disappear when the map isredrawn.
In the right image, red part shows steep slope over 30 degrees.

Settings
Select "Slope Degree…" under the "Tools" menu to show thedialog. You can specify degrees, colors and which part to draw.
Draw ( check box )Slope degrees
Color
Limiting elevation
Opacity
Color set
Gradation
Draw

Select band to draw.
Specify lower limit in degrees for each band.
Colors for each band. Click on the color pane to change it. Colors can becopied by drag & drop.
Set drawing range by elevation.
Specify opacity for drawing colors override the map. 100% override
completely. You see no slope colors on the map when 0%.
Save settings with name and show it in the menu.
Colors are changed gradually band to band.
Draw slope colors.

Click draw button after setting those.

Notes• Because slope colors override current map
without refresh, you need to refresh the map
before redrawing slope colors.
• If you want to save map image with coloringby this feature, specify it in the Save Map dialog.
Before showing save map dialog, set
this dialog and check result.
• To nd at area ( such as lakes ), you can set
dialog as gure below.

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25. Bird’s Eye View
Make an image of the terrain from DEM
data. The image is based on a at plate ignoring roundness of the Earth. If DEM has
latitude and longitude, aspect ratio is optimized automatically based on center latitude of the range.

Settings
Show dialog by selecting “Bird’s eye view...” under “Pictures” menu.
Target area
There are three options, selected rectangle, window andwhole data.
If whole data is selected, minimum rectangle that includes whole data is assumed. This rectangle doesn't
stretch over meridian of 180 degree. If data exist bothside of 180 degree meridian, the rectangle goes aroundthe earth.
When no addressing DEMs are used, window range
doesn't include outside of the whole data range.
Face toYou can specify any direction in azimuth. Enter number
values directly or use direction dial. Click tick mark or
drag arrow head. Click N/E/S/W letters to face each.
Shading
Select shade type like as shading for the Map View.
Light direction is one of eight directions. Elevation angle( angle of incidence ) is always 45 degrees.
Strength has 8 levels. 1 is most pale ( weak ).
AngleSpecify angle of depression in degrees between 0 and
90. 0 means looking horizontally.
Height emphasizing
Select rate to emphasize elevation from menu. All elevations are multiplied by this rate.
Picture scale
Select shrink or expand rate from menu in percentage.
Picture size is de ned by target area size, azimuth, depression angle and rate.
Maximum picture width and height are 65,500 pixels each.
Coloring according to slope degree
Settings for the Map View are applied.
Use texture mappingSet to on if you want to use texture mapping. Settings for the Map View are applied.
Insert a color table
Insert a color table into the picture. Select position and size.

Add text strings in the picture
You can add any simple text on the image. Show the context menu on the picture, and select“add string”. In a dialog you can enter string and its attributes. Show context menu on a existing
text string, you can update it. You can remove string by dragging it outside window. You can tilt
( rotate ) those strings. Refer "Picture Windows" section.

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26. Stereographs
StereographThis feature makes a pair of images in a window to see 3D image. There are three types, parallel, cross-eyed and anaglyph.

Parallel and cross-eye
Two images are slightly di erent perspectives of same area. In
parallel mode, left eye looks at left image and right eye at rightimage. In cross-eye, left eye looks at right image, and right eye
at left one.
Image can be full colored, but restricted rather small picture
size, especially for parallel. Some skill is required to look as 3D.

Anaglyph
Red color from picture for right eye, green andblue from picture for left eye compose an anaglyph
image.
To see terrain as 3D, it is mandatory that elevation colors contain both red and green or red and blue. It is better to set allelevation colors to white or other bright colors.
To see anaglyph, prepare a pair of glasses with red glass inleft, blue or green glass in right.

Settings
Show dialog by selecting “Stereograph...” under Pictures menu, orstereograph…".from the context menu on the Map View.
Target area
There are four options. They are "Selected rectangle", "Window", "Whole DEM
area" and "Center address and size". If
activated from context menu, last one isselected.
If whole data is selected, Minimum rectangle that includes whole data is assumed. This rectangle can not extend
over both side of meridian of 180 degree.
If data exist both side of meridian of 180
degree, the rectangle covers around theearth.
When no addressing DEMs are used,window range doesn't include outside of
the whole data range.
Direction
You can specify any direction in azimuth eld. Enter number values directlyor use direction dial. Click tick mark or
drag arrow head. Click N/E/S/W letters
to face each.
Shading
Select shade type like as shading for the Map View.
Light direction is one of eight directions. Elevation angle is always 45 degrees.
Strength has 8 levels. 1 is most pale ( weak ).

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select"CreateHeight emphasizing
Specify values between 1.0 and 20.0. 1.0 is similar to actual image, but it is di cult to recognize the terrain unless it is a bumpy land.. If too much emphasizing applied to mountainous
area, getting di cult to recognize its image.
Scale
Select scale rate from menu in percentage. You can not select larger scale that picture width orheight exceeds 65500 pixels.
Picture size
Although default picture size is determined bytarget area size, direction and scale rate, you
can set nal picture size and distance of twopane in pixels for parallel and cross. No size
option for anaglyph.
Click triangle aside “Picture size” to show layout and input elds.
Enter width and height of nal picture size.
Span is the distance between centers of twopanes.
In layout picture, two black framed rectangles represent selected range. Yellow rectangle represents nal picture. Relief maps will be drawn in each green part.
"Default button reset width, height and span to defaults.
Maximum picture width and height are 65,500 pixels each.
(note) If direction is not right angle, recommend to use "Center address and size" for target.

Center address and size
If "Center address and size" is selected,
elds like a picture at right will appear in
the dialog.
If activated by context menu, clicked address is set as center address. If changed
from Window range or others, center address of each target is set.
In this case, target area is drawn as white frame on the Map View.
Make one pane right angle projection
To get accurate address of the image, make one of two panes set to rightangle projection. Select left or right pane.
You can select to draw Meridians and Parallels on it.
Coloring according to slope degree
Settings for the Map View are applied.
Use texture mappingSet to on if you want to use texture mapping. Settings for the Map View are applied.

Add text strings on the picture
You can add any simple text on the image. Show the context menu on the picture, and select“add string”. In a dialog you can enter string and its attributes. Show context menu on a existing
text string, you can update it. You can remove string by dragging it outside window. You can tilt
( rotate ) those strings. Refer "Picture Windows" section.
Added text strings have no stereo e ect.

Notes
• When viewing parallel stereograph on the screen with the naked eye, it is di cult to see big
picture. Less than 300 pixel width for one pane maybe acceptable. No such limitation for
Cross-eye and Anaglyph.
• Direction arrow is shown at center of the target area. If it is out of the Map View, it is drawn at
the center of the Map View.

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SimpleDEMViewer• White frame of target area is not rectangle if geo-referenced DEM is usedand direction is not right angle. Distortion is larger when its position isfar from base latitude.

7927. SRVC Relief Map
What is SRVC Relief Map
New relief map formed with slope degrees,ridge-valley degrees and surface curvature. It
is independent from light direction, di erent
from normal shading relief map. Furthermore, it is easy to recognize landscape image
without any tools nor skills like as stereographs.
“SRVC” is an acronym of Slope, Ridge, Valley
and Curvature.
• Land colors are automatic. Colors of sea
and void region depend on Preferences setting.
• No lake is recognized. It is drawn as at land.
• Image width is adjusted so that horizontal and vertical scale are the same at the center of themap. Therefore, even if you select window range, image width may di er from window width.
• You can draw Meridians and Parallels, User Memo / Route / Area Data, and Contour. Theirdrawing conditions are depends on each settings on the Map View.

DialogShow dialog by selecting “Create SRVC Relief Map…”under "Pictures" menu.
TargetThere are four options, selected rectangle, window, whole data and specied picture size.
Last one extends
around the center of the window.
If whole data is selected, Minimum
rectangle that includes whole data is assumed. This rectangle doesn't stretch
over meridian at 180 degree. If data exist both side of meridian 180 degree,
the rectangle goes around the earth.
When no addressing DEMs are used,window range doesn't include outside of
the whole data range.
Picture scale
Select shrink or expand rate from menu
in percentage.
Picture size
Determined by target type and scale. Iftarget type is the last one, you canspecify width and height freely. Bothshould be less than or equal to 65500
pixels.
Emphasizing slope
Default value is 3, select between 2 and 4 usually. If you want to draw at areasuch as sea bed, select bigger value.
Curvature
Specify degree of applying surface curvature to the picture. Larger value enhances contrast of ridge and valley. See sample images on next page.
Draw Meridians and Parallels.
Set to on if you want to draw Meridians
and Parallels on the picture. Interval,
color and line width are the same as
those of the Map View.
Print latitudes and longitudes

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Add latitude and longitude values to each line. To change font, click [A] button atright. You can change font, size and color.
Draw User Data Set to on if you want to draw user data on the projection map. All settings are
the same as those of the Map View.
Contour
Select one from the menu “Don’t draw”, “Draw as dots”, “Draw as lines”. If line
mode, you can set line width. Line intervals and colors are same as those of theMap View.
If you select line mode and save as PDF,
you can edit contour with some draw
software, such as Adobe Illustrator, later.
Line mode takes time much longer,maybe more than ten times than dot
mode.
[Copy] four corner addresses.
Copy addresses of four corner to scrap. It consists of four lines, rst line contains address of north-west corner, south-west, north-east, south-east follow it.
Each address format depends on setting in Preferences.
[Defaults]
Reset to defaults all settings in this dialog.

Add text strings in the picture
You can add any simple text on the image. Show the context menu on the picture, and select“add string”. In a dialog you can enter string and its attributes. Show context menu on a existing
text string, you can update it. You can remove string by dragging it outside window. You can tilt
( rotate ) those strings. Refer "Picture Windows" section.

Sample images
Emphasizing slope value is 3
Curvature value is 1

Curvature value is 3

Curvature value is 5

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28. Panorama View
What is panorama view
Panorama view represents your view from someplace on land surface or in the air. You can create
360 degrees panorama view as one image and canrotate it.
Parameters are eye point address, elevation, eye direction, elevation angle, view angle, haze e ect, colors and others. Default color set is same as the Map
View, but can create any independently.
You can use a target instead of eye direction andelevation angle. If User Data exist, you can set thetarget to any User Data string point.
Strings of Memo data and Route data, lines of Routedata can be drawn on the panorama image, but no
Memo mark. Route is always drawn as simple line,
line type and width are ignored.
Shading is the same as it of the Map View, no shadow of mountains. Although you can draw the sun, it
has no relation with shading direction.
If using planet or moon DEMs, no drawing of sea
and sky.
Projection method
Coordinate system in the panorama view is azimuth and elevation angle, so that near view
( bottom of the picture ) will be drawn wider. If target elevation angle is not level ( not zero degree ), automatically adjust horizontal axis so that distortion of the picture will be minimum at
speci ed elevation angle.

Creation
There are tow ways to start creating panorama view as follows. Panorama view start drawing
after you set elds of the dialog and click “Draw” button. A window appears and the panorama
view will be drawn left to right. If picture width is longer than screen width, it scrolls during
drawing.
Start from context menu
On the Map View, at the place where you want to set as eye point, show context menu and select “Create Panorama View”. An arrow and pink colored fan will appear toward mouse cursor.
Move mouse toward target point, angle of the fan changes depending on cursor distance fromthe eye point. Arrow direction is eye direction and angle of the fan will be view angle. Clicksomewhere to show creation dialog. If the mouse point is very near the eye point, view angle will
be 360 degrees and direction will be set to north.
If the target point was set previously, direction restricted to it.
If you start on a string or memo mark, its address and elevation are used as eye point, otherwise mouse point address and its surface elevation will be taken.
Start from Pictures menu
Select “Create Panorama View” from the Pictures menu, creation dialog appear instantly. All
settings are the same as previous session. If it is the rst time, center address of the Map View
will be eye point and towards north, view angle is set to 60 degrees.
Cancel during drawing
Drawing Panorama View may take very long time depends on settings. If you want to cancel it,
click close button of the picture window.

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Settings
Eye position
Eye position consist of latitude, longitude
and elevation. Elevation can be speci ed
as surface elevation and lift above there, orelevation from sea level.
Eye position
Shows the mouse point address or string’s base address when start by context
menu,.otherwise address set by previous session remains. You can change to any
address. If address is changed, surface elevation will be changed to that ofchanged address.
Elevation at surface
Shows calculated elevation from the speci ed address or elevation value of string
data when start by context menu. Elevation value of string data maybe includes
lift from surface already. You can enter any value here, but if you change the address it will be replaced with calculated one.
Even if elevation of string data is set originally, it will be changed as addresschanged. If address return to original, original elevation will be restored.
Above surface / Above sea“Above surface” means nal eye elevation is “Elevation at surface” + value
speci ed here. Eye elevation is value speci ed here when “Above sea” is selected.
Although you can enter minus value here, if eye elevation is lower than surface
elevation calculated from DEM, nal Panorama View maybe invalid.
Eye point name User data title string is set to here when the dialog started by context menu on
the string. You can change eye point by searching user data string. Click“Search” button to search user data and set its address and elevation. You can
set new name even no user data exist in search dialog. Refer “Name search dialog for eye or target” section.

Direction
Azimuth

Eye direction between 0 and
359.9 degrees. North is 0 andclockwise. If “Fix on target” ischecked, this value is set automatically and not editable.
View angle
View angle in degrees. Between
0.1 and 360.
360 degrees
means whole circumference of the eye point, and panorama view can scroll
through.
View angle limited to 120 degrees or less if stereograph is set or “Elevation angle”
is lower than -45 degrees or higher than 45 degrees.
Elevation angle Upward or downward angle between 60 and -60 degrees. If higher than 45 or
lower than -45, “View angle” limited to 120 degrees.
If “Fix on target” is checked, this value is set automatically depends on eye elevation.
Target name
User data title string is set to here when target is speci ed previously by context
menu on a string. You can change target by searching user data string. Click“Search” button to search user data and set its address and elevation as target.
“Fix on target” will be checked and “Azimuth” and “Elevation angle” are calculated
automatically. You can set new name even no user data exist in search dialog.
Refer “Name search dialog for eye or target” section.
Fix on target
If target is set, you can check or uncheck here. If checked, “Azimuth” and “Elevation angle” are calculated automatically.

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Color setting
Like as Color Set for the Map View, you can change colors, boundary
elevations and save settings, in addition you can set sky color.
Color set menu Default is “Same as Map View”. Same list of color set
as color set menu in Preferences dialog appears here.
Elevations
Specify in meters in descending order.
Color box
Click to set each color. You can copy color to anothercolor box by dragging.
Sky color
Specify colors at top sky and horizon. Sky between
them will be lled with gradation color. Actual colors
depends on eye point elevation and haze e ect settings. If haze e ect is stronger, every colors anywhereconverges toward horizon color.
Save with name Create new color set with colors and elevations. The
name will appear in color set menu.
RemoveRemove a color set created by user shown in menu.
Edit in separate window
You can use separate window to edit color set, eventhough you can edit it here. Refer "Edit Color Set".

Other settings
Max. distance

The scene will be drawn up to thisdistance. Earth surface farther than
this distance will be drawn as sea.
If “Fix on target” is checked, “Maxdistance” should be longer than the
distance between eye point and target plus 5 km.
Min. distance The landscape farther than this distance will be drawn in scene. Land closer than
this distance will be drawn as sea. If you specify 0 km, it is treated as 2 meters.
Picture size ( Width x Height pixels )Width and height each should be less than or equal to 65500 pixels.
Quality
It is trade o between speed and quality. Usually “Normal” is good for quality
and speed. Use “Preview” to check composition if normal drawing takes longer
time. Use “Fine” if result is bad quality. It may require "Fine" if you use small
pitch DEMs or draw steep mountain scene.
Emphasizing
Specify value to multiply elevations by, between 1 and 10. Mountains become
higher, sea become deeper. Eye point elevation also will be multiplied.
Apply air refraction
Distant mountains look higher because of light refraction in the air. The default
value 0.133 is at the sea level and in standard atmosphere. Although the value
di er depends on altitude, there is no much di erence in scene. There is muchdi erence depends on local weather conditions, especially local air temperature,such as a mirage in extreme case..
Specify value between 0 and 0.3. 0 (zero) means noe ect.
ShadingLight direction applied to everywhere, that means
ignore time di erence among the place. Even if the
Sun is drawn, it has no relation with shading.
- Shade strength
Select between 1 and 5. Larger number gets
deeper shading.
- Light from Select one from 8 direction menu. Default is east.
- Light angle Select elevation angle ( angle of incidence ) from menu between 10, 30, 45, 60
degrees. Default is 45 degrees.

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Use texture mappingSet to on if you want to apply texture mapping when
texture map exist. Settings are the same as to the
Map View.
Draw azimuth indexes
Draw azimuth indexes and their values on thepanorama view pictures.
Numbers represent
degrees and minutes.
Pitch and others areautomatic.
They appear just below upper edge, landscape may overwrite them.
Draw user memo data
Set to on if you want to draw user memo title string on the scene when Memodata exist and visible. All settings are the same as those of the Map View, except.no mark drawn and strings always be drawn vertically. String’s attributes can bechanged on the picture window later. Refer following sections.
No draw if stereograph is speci ed.
Draw user route data
Set to on if you want to draw user route on the scene when Rout data exist andvisible. All settings are the same as those of the Map View, except only color isapplied from line attributes, no line type, no line width Strings are the same asuser memo.
No draw if stereograph is speci ed.
Treat void area as sea
Set to on if DEM’s sea area de ned as void value. When steep cli exists at sea
shore, cli .may be drawn as facing to no DEM area. This option avoid this e ect.
Do not set on if DEMs have inland void region.
Apply haze e ect of distance
Because of haze e ect,distant mountains gettingdim.
- Thickness
Specify strength of hazee ect between 0 and 99.9. 0 (zero ) means no e ect. Default value 20 ts to Japanese atmosphere conditions. Smaller value ts to dry air.
Dimmed color converges to sky ( bottom ) color.
Haze e ect is 20

Haze e ect is 30-Minimum distance
Apply haze e ect farther than this distance. Default is 0 km.
Apply mist e ect of lower land
Dim lower land just as mist or cloud cover them. Lower elevation gets more density.
- Upper limit elevation
This e ect is applied under this elevation. E ect is zero at this elevation, andlower elevation getting more dense towards lower limit elevation.
- Lower limit elevation thisLand lower than this elevation is drawn with sky( bottom ) color, so that if
lower limit is 0 meter sea is

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drawn as sky ( bottom ) color always. To draw sea and sea shore in pale color,
set lower limit to minus elevation value.
Specify strength of e ect between 0.1 and 99.9. Default value is 90. Dimmed
color towards sky ( bottom ) color as number becomes larger.

- Density

Lower land mist e ect, elevation limit is 1500 m, eye point elevation is 2420 m.

Density is 90

No e ectDraw Sun

Density is 98

Draw the Sun or suns at speci ed date and time at the eye point. Refer “DrawSun” section below.
This option is not available on planet DEMs.

Draw the Sun
You can draw the Sun or suns of thespeci ed time between 1 Jan. 1990 and
31 Dec. 2099.
This program treat the Earth as an ideal
sphere. Therefore, the position of the sun
will be laterally shifted by up to 0.2 degrees from the actual position on a scene.
To reduce this error, the position of thesun is adjusted to the terrain, but error remains. It is less than one arc minute vertically and lessthan a few arc minutes horizontally.
Despite actual diameter of sun varies in season it is always drawn as 32 arc minutes in diameter.
Time zone
Menu list up Greenwich Mean Time, your Mac’s system time zone and time zones
near the eye point. It shows the nearest time zone but may not exact one.
GMT
Time di erence between selected time zone and Greenwich Mean Time.
Draw the sun at the time
Set the time you want to draw.
Draw (n) suns … with (t) minutes interval
Draw n suns before the time and nsuns after the time. If you specify 5,
11 suns will be drawn, but some ofthem may be behind the landscape.
Draw date and time
Set on to draw date and time next tosuns on the picture
Color of the sun Click color box to set color of thesun.

Stereograph
Create two panorama view from both side of
speci ed eye point, one is for left eye, another is for right. Stronger emphasizing makes
distance between left and right eye point longer, then eye point may goes underground if specied point is in a narrow valley. In such a case add some value to eye point elevation. Anotherway, you can cut near scene by setting “Minimum distance” to some appropriate value.
Type
Select one of parallel, cross or anaglyph.
Emphasizing
Select between 1 and 5 from menu. If distant view you may want to select larger
number.

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Picture at right is parallel stereograph.
Picture size eld specify width and height for
one view. If parallel or cross eye, picture width
should be less than 32750.
View angle should be less than or equal to 120
degrees.

Reset All
Set all values to default except eye point and target. If “Fix on target” is on, azimuth and elevation angle are set to calculated value.

Name search dialog for eye point or target
Dialog will appear as sheet when one of “search” buttons clicked. The table in the dialog shows
all strings from user data those can be shown on the Map View.
You can select one in the table. You may enter name, address and elevation directly, so thateven no user data exist, eye point or target is treated as named point.
Table
List up user data strings those can draw on the Map View.
- typeMemo, Route, Area or Node. Node means node comment of Route data, others
are title string for each user data.
Name
Select one from table or enter directly.
Address
Select one from table or enter directly.
Elevation
Select one from table or enter directly.
Search string Search data by substring of the “Name” eld. Table will show only the data thoseinclude substring typed here.

Handling after completion
Scrolling
Supports mouse wheel scrolling, drag scrolling, scroll gesture on track pad,
If view angle is 360 degrees, you can rotate picture horizontally.

Auto scrolling
Panorama view can scroll automatically if picture width is greater than or equal to 3000.
Pressing left or right arrow to key start scrolling. More key down makes speed up or down, orchange scrolling direction. If view is not 360 degrees, scrolling direction will change at both end.
Space bar stops autoscrolling.

Show place information
If you move the mouse on the picture, azimuth and elevation
angle are shown at upper-left corner of the window.
If you move mouse to any string on the picture, string information appear aside it. It shows string itself, address, elevationand distance from eye point. Distance unit depends on settingin Preferences.
If you move mouse on the landscape with holding ctrlkey or option-key pressing, information of the place appears near the mouse cursor.
First and last information will disappear in six seconds if
mouse doesn’t move.

Handling strings
You can move text strings by dragging them, and remove
them by dragging them out of the window.
You can change attributes of any string on the view. Show context menu on the string and select “Update string...” to do it. Refer next section “String dialog”.

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You can add a new string anywhere on the view. Select “Add string...” from context menu. It
has address if added on landscape, no address in the sky.

String dialog
String ( Text eld ) Original string is set. You canchange to any string.
Apply following attributes to all strings
Set to on to apply attributes toall string on the picture.
Vertical
String is written vertically if thisis set to on, otherwise horizontally.
Leader line
Draw straight line to stringfrom its base point.
- Line width
Specify line width between 0.1
and 3.0.
- Line color
Click color box to set any color.
Font
Select font from menu.
Style
Select a style supported by
font.
Size
Specify font size between 5 and 256 points.
Style addition
Specify bold, italic and shadow attributes. You can set them regardless ofwhether the font supports those styles or not. If font supports bold and italic,
it will be thicker and more inclined.
String color
Click color box to set any color.
Opaque backgroundSet on to make back ground opaque.
Back ground color Click color box to set any color.
You can use 'Font Panel' to specify font, size, style.

Set eye point or target point from context menu on the picture
Set new target or eye point using context menu.
Set to Target Set target to the place where context menu is shown.
Set to Eye Point Set eye point to the place where context menu is shown, and show Panorama
View creation dialog.
Set to Eye Point and Look backSet eye point to the place where context menu is shown, target will be set to current eye point, and show Panorama View creation dialog.

Reposition map from a point of picture
Reposition the Map View as its center will be speci edplace of the picture. Show context menu at somewhere on
the landscape, select “Show Place in the Map View”.

Show info
Select “Show info” under the File menu to show setting
information. A panel will appear and shows all settings ofcreation dialogs except colors and sun.
Click “Show creation dialog” button to show dialog having same settings with current view, colors and sun settings also set as same.
Click “Export settings” button to save all settings. Refer next section.

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Export and import settings
Saving all settings of a Panorama View to a le, to refer later or to pass it other users. Click“Export settings” button in the info panel of a panorama view window to save settings to a le.
Saved settings includes colors and sun settings. The le extension is ‘jzpano’.
Use ‘Open’ under the File menu to read this settings le. After the le is read, creation dialog
will be shown. Required DEMs should be read previously, as exported le has no DEM le information. You can double click a settings le, or drop it on to application icon or main window toshow Panorama View dialog.

Notes• Region that no DEM exist is drawn as sea, except planet DEM.
• To check visibility of strings, program uses elevation belong to them. If it is lower than calculated elevation from DEMs, program uses calculated one instead. If a string has no elevation,
calculated one is used.
• When result picture is saved as jpeg, ti or png le, GPS information will be attached. They areeye point address, elevation and azimuth.
• Antialiasing is applied to the skylines automatically except preview mode.

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29. 3D Movie
About 3D Movie
You can rotate landscape, or go through landscape at real time or faster speed. There are following three modes. You can control speed and direction by keyboard.
• Rotation mode.
Rotate landscape around a point.
• Flight mode.
Flight like a plane in landscape.
• Boat mode.
Cruise by boat on the sea or a lake.
The movie window may not show landscape correctly depending on your Mac’s power. If yourMac’s power is not enough to treat large data, try smaller data.

Functions
Common• Start 3D movie using selected data range.
• Treat all data as they are on a at plate.
• You can set window size at start and can change it anytime during playing.
• Support full screen mode. You can change anytime during playing.
• You can set view angle at start and can change it during playing.
• Maximum viewable distance is determined by DEM data pitch automatically.
• Can display eye altitude in a movie window.
• Can display speed in a movie window except rotation mode.
• Colors are same as elevation colors of Map View, although shading can be speci ed independently.
• You can select meters or feet for altitude unit.
• You can select speed unit from kph (kilometer per hour), mph (miles per hour) and knots (nautical miles per hour).

Rotation mode
• Automatically rotating 3D landscape around a speci ed point.
• Before start you can set eye altitude and distancefrom center point.
• During playing, you can change direction and speedof rotation, can change eye altitude also.

Flight mode
• You can go through landscape like as ying by aplane. Even though simulate some of planes behavior including bank angle, this is not a ight simulator. There is no gravity, no aero dynamics and no
cockpit equipment.
• You can start ight with specifying place, altitude,
speed and direction.
• You can go upward, downward, turn left, turn right,
get slower or faster speed during playing.
• You can set start place and direction on the Map
View using context menu.
• Without changing going direction, you can see left
front, right front or under front with angle of 45
degrees diagonally.
• Can apply fog or mist e ect.
• Show current place on the Map View.

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Boat mode
Di erences from ight mode are follows.
• Altitude is xed at start up setting.
• No bank angle during turn.
• Eye elevation angle can be speci ed between 0 and 20 degrees, and can change it during playing.
• No under front view.
Activate boat mode on the at surface, sea or lake.

DialogTo display start up dialog, select “Start 3D movie…” under the Pictures menu. If you start fromcontext menu on the Map View, the dialog shows ight mode or boat mode, in spite of that you
can select rotation mode also.
All elevations and altitudes are based on sea level.
CommonTargetSelect DEM data range in it you want to ight, cruise or rotate it. There are three
options. They are selected rectangle, window range and whole DEM data range.
Data size
Showing data size for selected
range. When several type of DEMs
exist, shortest data pitch is used forwhole region. If the usage ratio tothe maximum bu er size supportedby the GPU is large, numbers will be
displayed colored with orange orred. When data size is too big, the"Run" button will set to o . Even if
the letters are black, it may be very
slow or not draw correctly depending on the power of the GPU. In
such a case, reduce the amount of
data.
Window size
Set starting window size. You canchange to any size during playing.
Minimum is 400 by 300. Should notexceeds screen size.
Shade strength Select one between 1 and 5. Bigger
will be darker ( deeper ).
Light from:
Select light direction for shading.
View angle
View angle in degrees between 10
and 120. You can change it during
playing.

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Elevation unit

Select unit of elevation and altitude from meter or feet. Selection is applied in the
dialog and view information.
frames / sec. Select number of frames per second between 10 and 60. Default is 30. If data
size is large, movie’s frame rate may be slower than speci ed rate.
Mode selection Select one of mode from menu. If this dialog is called from context menu on the
Map View, ight mode or boat mode is selected, yet you can change to rotation
mode.
Rotation mode
Target elevation Specify elevation value of rotation center. It is set to surface elevation at the
beginning. If target is mountain peak it is better to specify lower elevation thansurface elevation.
Surface elevation at center
Surface elevation of the center position of the selected range is set.
Eye position
Determined by distance from the center and altitude. Start at south of the center
point.
Distance from the center
Specify distance in meters. It is xed value during playing.
Starting altitude
Specify altitude in meters or feet. You can change it during playing.
Flight mode
Starting position Latitude and longitude of the startpoint. If DEM is no-addressing type,
XY address in meters are shown.
When you activate this function fromthe Pictures menu rst, the start position is bottom center of the selected
target area.
AltitudeSpecify starting altitude, should oversurface elevation.
Surface
Surface elevation of the starting pointis set.
Direction
Set starting direction as an azimuth in degrees clockwisefrom the north.
Speed
Set starting speed in kph ( kilometer per hour ), mph( miles per hour ) or knots ( nautical miles per hour ).
Apply fog e ectSpecify if you want to apply fog e ect. Linear fog model of
OpenGL is taken, it is di erent from panorama view function.
Reset
Reset settings to defaults. Starting position, view angle, direction, speed and fog
e ect are a ected.
Boat mode
Position at startSame as ight mode.
AltitudeSame as ight mode, but xed during
playing.
Surface
Same as ight mode.
Direction
Same as ight mode.
Speed
Same as ight mode.
Elevation angle Upward angle between 0 and 20
degrees for looking up.
Apply fog e ectSame as ight mode.
Reset
Reset settings to defaults. Starting position, view angle, direction, speed, elevation angle and fog e ect are a ected.

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Run time operations
Common• Window size can be changed like as usual windows.
• Click zoom button to go full screen mode. 'esc' key return to normal window.
• '[' key extend view angle ( to show wider scene ), ']' key narrows view angle. Click once widen 10
percent or narrower by 10 percent. 10 degrees minimum and 120 degrees maximum.
• 'A' key shows or hides altitude, speed and other information on the information bar at the bottom of the window.
• Space key pauses or restarts the movie.
Rotation mode
• Rotating to left or right with the left or right arrow keys. While pressing, the turning speed getting changes.
'/' key stops rotation.
• Up and down arrow key change eye altitude. Minimum altitude is 100 meters, maximum is 10
times of distance from the center.
• During paused by space key or stoped by ‘/‘ key, you can rotates the landscape by mousewheel,
Flight mode
• Turn left or right with the left or right arrow keys. During pressing, the turning speed changes
continuously.
• Use the up and down arrow keys to rise and fall. While pressing.changing rate goes up continuously.
• '.' (period) key gets slower speed, '.' (comma) key gets faster speed. Speed changes continuously during pressing.
• Pressing '/' key returns to going straight and level ight.
• Pressing ‘/‘ key and control key returns to straight ight.
• 'c' key shows or hides white cross that points moving direction.
• 's' key shows left front scene, 'd' key shows right front scene, 'x' key shows down front scene. 'e'
key returns to front scene. Each scene is apart from 45 degrees from front scene.
Boat mode• Turn left or right with the left or right arrow keys. During pressing, the turning speed changes
continuously.
• Up and down arrow keys ups or downs eye direction between 0 and 20 degrees..
• '.' (period) key gets slower speed, '.' (comma) key gets faster speed. During pressing speed
changes continuously.
• '/' key returns to going straight.
• 'c' key shows or hides white cross that points moving direction.
• 's' key shows left front scene, 'd' key shows right front scene, 'e' key returns to front scene.
Each scene is apart from 45 degrees from front scene.

Save as movieleYou can make a movie le with capturing 3D movie window using system’s screen recording
function ( shift+⌘+5 ).
• First activate 3D movie, stop playing by pressing space bar at appropriate scene.
• Set up system’s screen recording function, and start recording.
• Restart 3D movie by pressing space bar.

Notes
• To quit SimpleDEMViewer, you should close 3D movie window rst.
• If your Mac’s fan rotates faster and noisy, play with smaller data size, or pause the 3D movie bypressing space bar temporarily until Mac will be cooled.
• In the 3D movie landscape is projected to a plane, di er from Panorama view that project it on acylinder or cone, then projected landscapes are di er each other.

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30. Visible Region
What is Visible Region
Visible Region is area from where can see a certain
place, or can be seen from there. This “certain
place” called “Target” is any place on the land or any
object such as mountain peaks or buildings
Result area will be colored on the Map View.
To check the visibility, the eye point is set to one
meter high from the surface and look target fromthere.

Show dialog
Select “Visible region...” under the “Tools” menu toshow dialog, or select “Draw visible region...” fromthe context menu on the Map View. Latter case, theplace where context menu shown is set to the target.

Settings

Visible region from or to an antenna thatis 20 m high at the peak of the mountain.

Target- -(Address)

Name is shown if it has name.
Shows the mouse point address or string’s base address when start by context
menu,.otherwise address set by previous session remains. You can change to any
address.
- Elevation
Shows calculated elevation from the speci ed address, or elevation value of string
data when start by context menu.
- Search button Click this button to show name search dialog. Select a name from the table thatlists user data titles and node comments. Name search dialog is the same as it ofPanorama View.
Range
Select one from "window" and "selected rectangle".,,Even if you select latter,
result will be limited to range of window.
Quality
Select “Faster” or “Fine”. Usually “Faster” is appropriate for speed and quality. If
DEM data pitch is short ( maybe less than 10 meters ) and region of interest is affected by steep mountains, use Fine.
Draw on sea
Set to on if you want to draw on sea area also.
Color for visible region
Click color box to change color to draw. If opacity is less than 100 %, actual color
is di erent.
Transparent / OpaqueSpecify opacity in percentage.
Air refraction factor
Same as in Panorama View . Use default value 0.133 usually.

Notes• To clear this drawing do “Redraw map” under “View” menu.
• If you do this function twice with translucent color for two di erent target, area from where you
can see both target is drawn thickly.
• To save result as picture le, specify window range, same scale and dpi as the Map View in saving dialog.

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31. Topographic Pro les
You can make pro le along User Route data. You can con gure its appearance after creating it.
If User Route data has node names, pro le shows them with names, elevations, distances fromthe start node. You should read all DEMs underneath the Route before creating the pro le.

Creation
You should provide User Route data before creating pro le. Select "Topographic Pro le…" under the Pictures menu. Select one Route data and click "Make" button to make pro le along it.
Pro le picture window appears with default settings. You can con gure appearance in settings
panel.

Settings
Elevation range

Specify display range with upper and lower limit in elevation. This determines height of result picture.
Level lines interval
Select from 10/20/50/100/200/500/1000/2000/5000m/Auto, or enter
directly.
Elevation unit
Select meter or feet. This a ects above two items.
Height emphasizing
Select from 1/1.5/2/3/4/5/10/20 times, or enter directly.
Body color
Select one of white ( only pro le line ), Gray ( top is dark, lighter tobottom ), Elevation colors.
Elevation colors and gradation depend on Preferences settings.
Draw
Set show or not show for each items.
- levels
Level lines and their altitude.
- names
Node names for named node of User Route data.
- elevations
Elevations for each named node.
- mileages
Distance from start point. Select one of named nodes or pitch.
- Route data"
Draw straight line between each nodes of Route data. If nodes have noelevations, result is the same as the outline.
Base at right edge
Position start point of route to right edge in pro le window. ( ip horizontally )Pro le line width
Specify line width of outline of pro le.
- Line color
Click color pane to change color of outline.
Title
Any title string to show at top center position in the picture. Default isroute data title.
Apply
Redraw pro le image to re ect above settings.
pro le window setting items
Scale menu
Select from Auto/200/100/50/20/10/5%. If auto is selected, scale depends on window width.
PanelShow or hide con guration panel.
Always two level lines are drawn above the highest elevation.
Set higher elevation for upper limit when names are intersect pro le.
You can re ects new elevation color settings by clicking "Apply" button after changing elevation
colors in preference dialog.

Save asYou can save the pro le as a picture le. Saved picture depends on current con gurations.
Whole picture will be saved ignoring current window size.

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Notes• Data interval of pro le is same as DEM data north-south interval, e.g. 10 meters for 10 meter
DEM, about 93 meters for 3 sec. mesh DEMs. If the map is extended in the Map View, data interval is shorten in same rate of map scale.
• If a distance between route nodes is long enough, intermediate points are calculated as they areon the great circle.
• Elevations in the route data are ignored. Always elevations calculated from DEMs are used

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32. Grayscale Maps
You can create 8 bits or 16
bits grayscale map. It may be
imported to some 3D rendering
software.
Grayscale direction, highwhite or low-white, is selectable. You can choose shadingalso.

With shading.

DialogSelect "Grayscale Map..." under the "Pictures" menu to display the dialog. You can specify following elds, and click"Make" button to make grayscale map.
TargetSelect target area to create grayscale map,fromselected rectangle region, window,whole data or speci ed size. If select lastone, center point of the Map View will becenter of the grayscale map.
Picture scale
Select picture size as percentage to theoriginal data.
Picture size
Width and height should be less than orequal to 65,500 pixels each.
Bits per pixel Select 8 bits or 16 bits. Select 16 bits if you
want the result to use in 3D rendering software.
Range of grayscale
Map elevations to grayscale 0 to 255 or
65535.
- Use max. and min. of data
Highest and lowest elevations of DEM areused.
- Use max. of data, 0 m for min.
Highest elevation value of DEM and 0 meterare taken. If lowest elevation is below 0 meter, it will be used.
- Use below
Specify both limit elevations. If highest or
lowest elevation of DEMs is out of limits, itwill be used.
Direction
Select high-white or low-white.
Add ... m ...
Add speci ed number of meters to the elevations other than sea area to make clear seashore in 3D software. Do not use
this function if DEM has no sea info, such as ETOPO and SRTM.

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Do shading
Set to on to apply shading.
- Light from Select one from eight direction.
- Strength
Select one between 1 and 5.
[Copy] four corner addresses
Copy addresses of four corner to scrap. It consists of four lines, rst line contains address of north-west corner, south-west, north-east, south-east follow it.
Each address format depends on setting in Preferences.

Add strings in the picture
You can add any simple text on the image. Show the context menu on the picture, and select“add string”. In a dialog you can enter string and its attributes. Show context menu on an existing text string, you can update it. You can remove string by dragging it outside window. You
can tilt ( rotate ) those strings. Refer "Picture Windows" section.

Save as imageleYou can save grayscale map as a image le as same as other pictures. You can select any image
format for 8 bits grayscale map, but only ti or png format for 16 bits.

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33. Projection Maps
About projection maps
Supports creating Orthographic, Conical, Mercator, Azimuthal Equidistant, Azimuthal Equi-area,
Universal Transverse Mercator and Lambert Conformal Conic projection maps. Those maps are
drawn in separate windows and can be saved as picture les in various format.
You can set center address of the map and size of the picture. Map scale will be the same scaleof the Map View. Also elevation colors and shading parameters will be the same those of the Map
View.
You can set projection center apart from map center except Mercator and UTM projection maps.
In this case, equidistant circles will be drawn around the projection center not the map center.
There is a sample picture at the last of this section.
To display the creation dialog, select "Projection map…" under the "Pictures" menu or from thecontext menu on the Map View. If context menu used, mouse point address is set to center address eld, otherwise center address of the Map View is set.
To create projection maps require geo referenced DEMs, UTM DEMs or managed plane DEMs.
No UTM projection with planet DEMs.

Settings
Type menu
Select projection method.
Center address Set center address of the map. It is
set to center address of the Map View
if called from Pictures menu. It ismouse point address if called fromcontext menu.
Latitude should be between 80 degree north and 80 degree south for
Mercator, Conical and UTM projection
maps, for Lambert conformal conic
projection maps it should be between
80 and 20 north or between 20 and
80 south. This limitation is not applied if separate projection center
speci ed.
Use separate projection center
Projection center address
You can set projection center to any
address, but it should be inside thepicture and latitude should be inside
above limitation.
You cannot use separate projection
center for Mercator and UTM projection maps.
If
this
addressis
speci ed,equidistant circles will be drawn
around it. Scale at this place insteadof picture center will be the same
scale of the Map View.
Picture size
Default is the size of the Map View.
Width and height should be less thanor equal to 65500 dots each.
Set to main window size
Set picture size to the size of the Map View.
Draw Latitude / Longitude lines

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Set to on if you want to draw latitude and longitude lines on the projection map.
Interval, color and line width are the same as those of the Map View.
Print latitudes and longitudes
Add latitude and longitude values to each line. To change font, click [A] button atright. You can change font, size and color.
Draw user data Set to on if you want to draw user data on the projection map. All settings are
the same as those of the Map View.
Contour
Select one from the menu “Don’t draw”, “Draw as dots”, “Draw as lines”. If line
mode, you can set line width. Line intervals and colors are same as those of theMap View.
If you select line mode and save as PDF, you can edit contours with some draw
software, such as Adobe Illustrator, later.
Line mode takes time much longer, maybe more than ten times of dot mode.
Draw Equidistant circles
Set to on if you want to draw equidistant circles. This eld will appear only for
Orthographic, Azimuthal Equidistant, Azimuthal Equi-Area projections.
- IntervalSpecify interval of the equidistant circle in unit of kilo-meter, miles or nautical
miles.
- Line color
Click color box to change line color.
- Line width
Specify line width between 0.5 and 10.0 points.
Insert color table Insert a color table into the picture. Select positionand size.
Lake color will appear when "Draw lakes" is set to on
in Preferences. Sea color is shown always.

Orthographic projection map
The orthographic projection is azimuthal parallel
projection. If scale is small enough hemisphere of
the earth is drawn in a circle like the picture atright. Picture at right is drawn as in the smallest
size (5%) using ETOPO2.
You can specify projection center and picture
size. The scale and latitude and longitude line interval are the same as those of the Map View.
The North pole is upper side always. If the North
pole is the center, meridian of speci ed longitude
is drawn downward. If the South pole is the center, meridian of speci ed longitude is drawn upward.
You can draw equidistant circles around the projection center.

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Conical projection map
The map is projected to a cone that's apex isNorth pole or South pole depending on center
latitude. The cone surface contacts with theglobe surface at center latitude. If center latitude is equal to the Equator, the map projection
method turn to cylindrical projection instead of
conical projection.
Center latitude is limited between 80 degreesouth and 80 degree north.
Picture at right uses ETOPO1, and scale is 15%.
Projection center and map center are 50 degree.north and 10 degree east.

Mercator projection map
You can specify map center and picture
size. Scale on the Equator is same as thescale of the Map View. Picture size you
specify in the dialog de nes drawing
range, not a ect to scale.
Picture at right is drawn in the smallest
size (5%) using ETOPO1, and is shrunk
more here.
Center latitude is limited between 80 degree north and 80 degree south.

Azimuthal Equidistant projection map
You can create Azimuthal Equidistant projection map around the speci ed center location.
You can specify projection center separately.
Scale at the center location will be same as thescale of the Map View.
Picture size you specify in the dialog de nes
drawing range, not a ect to scale.
You can draw equidistant circles around the
projection center.
Picture at right is drawn in the smallest size(5%) using ETOPO2, centered to Paris, France.
Interval of equidistant circle is 2000 km.

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Azimuthal Equi-area projection map
You can create Azimuthal Equi-area projection map around the speci ed center location.
You can specify projection center separately.
Scale is same as the scale of the Map View at
the projection center.
Picture size you specify in the dialog de nes
drawing range, not a ect to scale.
Picture at right is drawn at 10% scale using
ETOPO5, centered to Paris.
You can draw equidistant circles around the
projection center.

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection map
You can create Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
projection map around the speci ed center location. UTM
zone number is determined by center location. If justequal to boundary longitude, smaller zone number will betaken.
Both side of center meridian will be drawn up to 6 degrees wide. North and South pole can be drawn, but center latitude is limited between 80 and -80 degree.
Zone number of the picture at right is 30, center meridian is 3 degree west.

Lambert Conformal Conic Projection map
You can create Lambert Conformal
Conic projection map around the specied center location. Although standard
projection method has two Parallels
touched surface of the earth, only one
Parallel at the center touch the surface
here. Scale at the center location will besame as the scale of the Map View.
Center latitude is limited between 80
and 20 degree north, or between 20 and
80 degree south.
Sample picture at right is created using
ETOPO1 in 20 % scale centered at 40 degree north and 100 degree west.

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Text strings in the picture
Strings ( of User data ) are draggable and removable. To remove strings, drag them outside ofwindow.
You can add any text on the picture. Click on the picture with control key pressed, and selectcontext menu “add string”. In a dialog you can enter any string and its attributes. Strings ( includes User data ) are editable. To update existing strings, show context menu on a string, andselect “Update string”.
Strings rotated on the Map View are copied as is. You can tilt ( rotate ) any strings. Refer "Picture Windows" section.

Save as a pictureleYou can save projection maps as picture les as same as other pictures. If picture format isjpeg, ti or png, center address is written in the le as GPS information.
If you want to print the picture, save picture as pdf le. Strings and lines are maintained vector
information in pdf le. If contours are drawn as lines, it also maintain vector information.

Sample picture with separate projection center
This is Orthographic projection map centered on Tokyo.
Distance strings has been added after completion of drawing as usual strings.

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34.

Picture Windows

This section describes handling windows of Bird’s eye view, Stereograph, Grayscale map, SRVC
relief map and projection maps. For main window, Panorama view and Topographic Pro le refereach section.

Compact view
When the picture size is very large, you can shrink it to view whole picture.
You can select one of 50%, 33.3%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 2% and 1% as smallenough to see. If picture height becomes less than 600 pixels, no moreshrinking available.
⌘+[ get smaller, ⌘+] get bigger. ⌘+0(zero) return to original size ( 100% ).
As shown in picture at right, if cursor position is at top left corner of the picture window, a slider and buttons will appear. You can change percentage bythem.
During being shrunk, editing and moving string are not available.
Latitude and longitude lines, equidistant circles and user data are not drawn if
picture is shrunk smaller than 20%.

Add and update text strings
You can add any text on the picture. Click on the picture with control key pressed, and selectcontext menu “add string”. In a dialog you can enter any string and its attributes. Strings ( includes User data ) are editable. To update existing strings, show context menu on the string, andselect “Update string”. Any string can be moved, and can be removed by dragging outside ofwindow.
Any text string manipulation works when the picture is in full scale.
Apply following attributes to all strings
Same attributes will apply to all
strings in the picture.
Font
Select a font from menu.
Style
Select a style supported by font.
Size
Specify font size between 5 and
256 points.
Style addition Specify bold, italic and shadow
attributes. You can set them regardless of whether the font supports those styles or not. If fontsupports bold and italic, it will bethicker and more inclined.
Letter color
Specify any text color using Color
Picker panel.
Background transparency
Specifywhetherbackground is transparent or
opaqueBackground color
Specify color of opaque background. You can specify
opacity in Color Picker panel.
You can use 'Font Panel' to specify font, style and size.

Tilt text strings / Write vertically
You can tilt (rotate) any text string in the picture. Drag the end of thestring while holding down the shift key. The rotation center is at the lower
left corner. If Memo title without mark, or Area title, it is at the center of
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side, top-right corner respectively.
If you rotate it to the range of ±10 degrees downward vertical, it willchange to vertical writing in the case of Japanese, Chinese, etc.. To returnit to horizontal writing, rotate it to the range of ±10 degrees in the horizontal direction. Vertical writing will not work if vertical fonts are notavailable even Japanese.
To eliminate the tilt, click the string while holding down option key and shift key, it will be reset
horizontally (vertically in the case of vertical writing).

Show picture info
You can show information of pictures, such as size, address and some of settings. After selecting a picture window, select “Show info” under the File menu.
These are some samples.

Save picture
Do "Save" under "File" menu when target picture window is in front. Whole picture saved as100% size anyway even if it has shrunk.
You can select picture le format and options. For 16 bits grayscale map, only ti and png areavailable. If you want to print the picture, select pdf le so that strings and lines are printed
nely.
Refer next section also.

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35. Save Pictures
You can save map image or other picture window images. Many picture le format is available
those QuickTime supports. You can select pdf also.
If you want to save pictures to print, select pdf format especially when pictures include strings
and lines.

Saving Map View picture
Select "Save" under le menu whenmain window is most front except
scale panel. A sheet dialog prompts
you to select target area and scale.
After clicking save button, you canspecify le name and le format in
the le navigation dialog.
Range
Selectrange
forcreating picture.
If
you select “Size by
pixel” specify widthand height. In thiscase, picture center is
set to the center ofthe Map View.
Scale
Specify scale by percentage to the DEM data. Initially, it is set to the same scaleof the Map View.
Picture size
Specify width and height of the picture if range is “Size by pixel”, otherwise it isset automatically. These values are in points, actual pixels is twice when 144 dpi
is selected. MB or GB value is size in the program, actual picture le size in thedisk storage is vary depends on le format.
Resolution
Select 72 or 144 dot per inch. When 144 dpi is selected, string size and line
width are doubled to maintain balance with landscape
Draw user data Set to on to draw User Memo / Route / Area data.
Contour
Select one from the menu “Don’t draw”, “Draw as dots”, “Draw as lines”. If line
mode, you can set line width. Line intervals and colors are same as those of theMap View.
If you select line mode and save as PDF, you can edit contour using some draw
software, such as Adobe Illustrator, later.
Line mode takes time much longer, maybe
more than ten times than dot mode.
Coloring according to slope degree
Settings previously used to draw in the
Map View will be taken.
Create world le Specify to create a world le. See below.
Print latitudes and longitudes
Set to on to add latitude and longitude
value strings. No minus sign is added towest longitude and south latitude.
To change font, click [A] button at right.
Font panel will appear and you can change
font, size and color.
Insert color table Insert a color table into the picture. Select position from four corners and selectsize. Lake color will appear if "Draw lakes" is set to on in Preferences. Sea color
is shown always.
[Copy] four corner addresses

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Copy addresses of four corner to scrap. It consists of four lines,
rst line contains address of north-west corner, south-west,
north-east, south-east follow it. Each address format depends
on setting in Preferences.

Saving other window pictures
You can save images of windows such as Bird's-eye view, Stereograph, Projection maps, etc.. Select "Save" under "File" menu when target window is in front.
You can specify le name and le format in the le navigation dialog.
Saving pictures creates new les always, not update.
If the picture is 16 bits grayscale, you only can select one of ti or png.

Create worldleYou can create world les to use pictures with some GIS software. You can specify creation in
the saving dialog for Map View picture. Other pictures refer setting of the Preferences panel.
Pictures satisfying following three can attach a world le.
• DEMs should be one of Geo, UTM or other plane coordinate.
• Map View pictures or grayscale pictures.
• File type is one of TIFF, JPEG, JPEG2000 or PGN.
Format is the same as the HDR le for BIL form DEMs.

First line
Second line
Third line
4th line
5th line

Horizontal data pitch in degrees or in meters.
00Vertical data pitch in degrees or in meters. Always minus value.
Longitude at the center of the north-west corner cell of the data
in degrees, or coordinate address of UTM or other planes.
Latitude at the center of the north-west corner cell of the data indegrees, or coordinate address of UTM or other planes.

6th line

Extensions for world les are set as follows.
TIFF - tfw, JPEG - jgw, JPEG2000 - j2w, PNG - pgw
Note. : Many GIS software supports tfw but not other extensions.

Save as GeoTi
If you specify ti format for saving map picture, it will be GeoTi automatically when DEMs are
geo-referenced, UTM or other planes. Some GIS programs do not understand world le but GeoTi .
Grayscale map and SRVC relief map can be saved as GeoTi . Also anaglyph can be saved as
GeoTi if it faces to north and one pane is right angle projection.
You should aware that datum of this GeoTi
le is saved as WGS84 always, even if used DEMs
are not based on WGS84.

Add GPS information
GPS information ( Latitude, Longitude and datum ) are added in the picture as exif GPS information, when saving following pictures. Picture type should be jpeg, ti or png. Latitude and longitude are of the center of the picture.
Map View, Bird’s-eye view, Stereograph, Panorama view, Grayscale and projection maps.
Eye direction and elevation are also attached to Panorama views

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36. Remove Data
Remove DEMs and User Data
You can remove the data read by this program in a dialog likethe image on the right. Select “Remove data…” under the “File”
menu to show the dialog. “Remove data” means just remove
from the program memory, not delete from disk storage.
The dialog lists removable data such as DEMs, User Memodata, User Route data, User Area dat and texture maps in thisorder.
DEMs
You can select each kind of DEMs to remove them. No individual le is selectable.
User Memo / Route / Area data
You can select kinds or select all for each data type. If you want to remove individual data, you
should go Edit User Data dialog.
If new or updated data exist and not saved yet, an alert message will appear.
Texture maps
Remove all texture maps currently read. Individual texture map le can be removed throughTexture Map dialog.
“Select all” button selects all items to remove all data. You can use ⌘A shortcut key.

Remove Individual DEMs
To remove individual DEM les, separate dialog isprovided. When you read too much DEMs and someof them are unnecessary or obstacle to your job, you
can remove them instead of rereading whole DEMs.
Select “Remove Individual DEMs…” under the “File”
menu to show the dialog.
Selected DEM le will be shown on the Map View
like as picture below, so that you can select the target
le easily. If it is out of the Map View, double click
the le name in the dialog, then it will be placed at
the center.
They will be shown on the Index Map also, but
DEMs that cover very small area are unrecognizable.
Notes:
If a DEM le covers 360 degrees, it will not beshown in the Map View nor Index Map.
If base DEM is UTM or other plane, geo-referenced DEM that coverlarge region may not shown in the Map View, especially at high latitude region. It will be shown on the Index Map though.

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37. Menus
Main Menu Bar
SimpleDEMViewer
About SimpleDEMViewer
Preferences..
Quit SimpleDEMViewer
FileOpen...
Close
Remove data...
Save Picture As...
Save Working Set…
Load Working set
Export DEM…
Manage color sets...

Show about dialog.
Show preferences dialog.
Read DEMs and user data les.
Close picture windows and some panels.
Remove DEMs and / or user data.
Save the Map View or picture window as picture le.
Save data and settings with or without name.
Load named Working set. Saved names are listed in submenu.
Create new DEM le from DEMs already read.
Rename, remove color sets. Arrange color set menu items.
Export color sets as external le.
Show information panel for DEM or pictures.
(only Copy and Paste have custom functions)Show Info
Edit
Undo
Redo
Cut
Copy
Copy address from address control.
Paste
Paste address to address control.
DeleteSelect All
Special Characters...
View
RefreshRedraw map.
ExpandZoom in map.
ShrinkZoom out map.
Scale
2000% ~ 5%
Apply new scale to Map View.
Other (nn%)...
Specify custom scale to apply.
Adjust Base Latitude
Set base latitude to center latitude of current Map View.
Window Size...
Specify Map View size.
Show (Hide) Side Bar
Show / Hide Map Information panel and Index Map.
Show *Hide) Index Map
Show / Hide Index Map from side panel.
Show (Hide) Scale PanelShow or hide scale panel.
Change to Vertical (Horizontal) Scale
Swap scale panel between vertical and horizontal.
Find&Jump
Find...
Find a string in user data and reposition map.
Find Next
Find next occurrence of the search string.
Jump to...
Reposition map to the speci ed address.
PicturesBird’s Eye View...
Show a dialog to create Bird’s-eye view picture.
Panorama View...
Show a dialog to create Panorama view picture.
Reset Panorama View
Reset Panorama View settings to defaults.
Stereograph...
Show a dialog to create Stereograph picture.
Topographic Pro le...
Show a dialog to create geo-pro le picture.
Projection Maps...
Show a dialog to create projection maps.
Grayscale Map...
Show a dialog to create Grayscale map.
SRVC Relief Map…
Show a dialog to create SRVC relief map.
3D Movie…
Show a dialog to start 3D movie.
Tools
Preferences for User Data Kind Show dialog to set defaults attributes for each User Data kind.
Show/Hide User Data...
Show dialog to set show / hide conditions.

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Edit User Data...
Import Text User Data…
Texture Maps...
Rectangle Region...
Find Highest/Lowest...
Contour...
Slope Degree...
Visible Region...
Create Lake Data...
Window
Minimize
Zoom
Bring all to front
Help
Release notes
Online manual
SimpleDEMViewer Help

Show dialog with list of user data for editing.
Import text format User Data.
Read and set texture map.
Set or clear rectangle region on the Map View.
Find highest or lowest elevation point in the DEMs.
Show a dialog to draw contour lines.
Show a dialog to colorize map by slope degrees.
Show a dialog to colorize map by Visible Region.
Start to create lake data.

Show a text window of release notes. ( AS only )Show latest manual with Safari ( or another browser ) throughinternet.
Show some faqs and topics in HelpViewer.

Context Menu on the Map View
Show this place in
Maps.app
Google Map
Show DEM inspector
Select Rectangle Region
Copy Address
Centering
Scale
2000% ~ 5%
Other (nn%)..
ExpandShrinkCreate User Data
Memo...
Route...
Area...
Measure Mileage
Create Panorama View...
Set to Panorama View Target
Draw Visible Region...
Create Projection Map...
Place nnn to all cells in frame

Activate Maps.app and show this place in it.
Activate Safari ( or other browser ) and show Google map of
this place.
Show DEM inspector panel showing cell values of DEM les.
Start selecting rectangle region on the map.
Copy address of the mouse point.
Reposition map so that the mouse point will be the map
center.
Change scale and Reposition map so that the mouse point willbe the map center.
Change the scale to the selected percentage.
Change scale to any value.
Zoom in map by changing scale one step larger in menu.
Shrink map by changing scale one step smaller in menu.
Create Memo data at the mouse point.
Start to create Route data from the mouse point.
Start to create Area data from the mouse point.
Start to measure mileage from the mouse point.
Start to create Panorama View as you are on the mouse point.
Set the mouse point as the target of Panorama View.
Show dialog to draw visible region, and set target to the mousepoint.
Show dialog to create projection maps. Set its center to themouse point.
During DEM Inspector panel showing, set all cells in the selected rectangle on Map View to same value "nnn".

Context Menu on Panorama View
Set to Target
Set the mouse point as the target.
Set to Eye Point
Set the mouse point as the eye point and show creation dialog.
Set to Eye Point and Look backSet the mouse point as the eye point, set the current eye point
as the target and show creation dialog.
Show Place in Map View
Reposition Map View so that the mouse point place move tothe center.
Add (Edit) String...
Add new string or update selected string on the panorama
view.
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38. Limitations of AS Version
All App Store programs are required sandboxing. Because of that some limitations are added
comparing to SimpleDEMViewer V8. Following list shows all of them.
• Does not support DEMs from GSI of Japan those have le extension ‘LEM’.
• You should select folders instead of individual les for SDTS, JAXA ALOS DEMs.
• To recognize sea region of GDEM version 3, you should select folder includes both DEM andsea information le.
• All ti format les can be selected by Open panel even if those les are not DEM les. They
will be checked after you close the panel. netCDF les those have le extension ‘GRD’, andPDS DEM les those have le extension ‘IMG’ are the same also. Bil form les are checked later if HDR le is exists or not.
• if you select folders, cannot read alias les even they point DEM les. You should select individual alias les.
• Topographic maps from GSI of Japan is just treated as normal pictures as a texture maps.
• User Memo Data cannot show pictures, if referencing pictures reside outside Memo Library.

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