原著
1. Kiyota H, Onodera S, Ohishi Y, Tsukamoto T, Matsumoto T: Questionnaire survey of Japaneseurologists concerning the diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis and chronic
pelvic pain syndrome. Int J Urol 10:636-642, 2003
2. Maeda S, Deguchi T, Ishiko H, Matsumoto T, Naito S, Kumon H, Tsukamoto T, Onodera S,
Kamidono S: Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum(biovar 1) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) in patients with non-gonococcal
urethritis using polymerase chain reaction-microtiter plate hybridization. Int J Urol
11:750-754, 2004.
3. Shigemura K, Tanaka K, Yasuda M, Ishihara S, Muratani T, Deguchi T, Matsumoto T, Kamidono
S, Nakano Y, Arakawa S, Fujisawa M: Efficacy of 1-day prophylaxis medication withfluoroquinolone for prostate biopsy. World J Urol 23:356-360, 2005.
4.

Takahashi A, Kanamaru S, Kurazono H, Kunishima Y, Tsukamoto T, Ogawa O, Yamamoto S:

Escherichia coli isolated from uncomplicated and complicated cystitis and fromasymptomatic bacteriuria possess similar phylogeny, virulence genes and O serogroupprofiles. J Clin Microbiol 44: 4589-4592, 2006
5.

Kanamaru S, Kurazono H, Terai A, Monden K, Kumon H, Mizunoe Y, Ogawa O, Yamamoto S:
Increased biofilm formation in Escherichia coli isolated from acute prostatitis. Int J
Antimicrob Agent 28 Suppl 1: S21-25, 2006

6.

Takahashi A, Muratani T, Yasuda M, Takahashi S, Monden K, Ishikawa K, Kiyota H, Arakawa
S, Matsumoto T, Shima, H , Kurazono H, Yamamoto S: Genetic profiles of fluoroquinoloneresistant Escherichia coli isolated from cystitis: phylogeny, virulence factors, PAIuspsubtypes, and mutation patterns. J Clin Microbiol 47: 791-795, 20097.

Matsumoto T, Hamasuna R, Ishikawa K, Takahashi S, Yasuda M, Hayami H, Tanaka K, Kiyota
H, Muratani T, Monden K, Arakawa S, Yamamoto S: Nationwide survey of antibacterial
activity against clinical isolates from urinary tract infections in Japan (2008). Int J
Antimicrob Agents 37:210-218, 2011.

8.

Hamasuna R, Takahashi S, Kiyota H, Yasuda M, Hayami H, Arakawa S, Tomono K, Matsumoto T:
Effect of gatifloxacin against Mycoplasma genitalium-related urethritis: An open clinical
trial. Sex Transm Infect 87:389-390, 20119.

Hamasuna R, Takahashi S, Uehara S, Matsumoto T: Should urologists care the pharyngeal
infection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis when we treat maleurethritis? J Infect Chemother 18:410-413, 2012

10. Matsumoto T, Hamasuna R, Ishikawa K, Takahashi S, Yasuda M, Hayami H, Tanaka K, Muratani
T, Monden K, Arakawa S, Yamamoto S: Sensitivities of major causative organisms isolated
from patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis against various antibacterial agent:results of subanalysis based on the presence of menopause. J Infect Chemother 18: 597607, 2012
11. Tanaka K, Arakawa S, Miura T, Shigemura K, Nakano Y, Takahashi S, Tsukamoto T, Matsumoto
T, Fujisawa M: Analysis of isolated bacteria and short-term antimicrobial prophylaxis
with tazobactam-piperacillin (1:4 ratio) for prevention of postoperative infections afterradical cystectomy. J Infect Chemother 18:175-179, 2012
12. Takahashi S, Hamasuna R, Yasuda M, Arakawa S, Tanaka K, Ishikawa K, Kiyota H, Hayami H,
Yamamoto S., Matsumoto T: A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the preventive effectof cranberry juice (UR65) for patients with recurrent urinary tract infection. J InfectChemother 19:112-117, 2013
13. Taoka R, Togo Y, Kubo T, Kido M, Miki K, Kiyota H, Egawa S, Sugawara T, Yasuda M, Nakano
M, Deguchi T, Nishino M, Ishikawa K, Shiroki R, Matsumoto M, Shigemura K, Tanaka K,
Arakawa S, Fujisawa M, Wada K, Watanabe T, Kumon H, Kobayashi K, Matsubara A, Sho T,
Hamasuna R, Matsumoto T, Hayami H, Nakagawa M, Yamamoto S: Assessment of antimicrobial
prophylaxis

toprevent

perioperative

infectioninpatients

undergoingprostatebrachytherapy: multicenter cohort study. J Infect Chemother 19:926-930, 2013
14. Nakane K, Yasuda M, Deguchi T, Takahashi S, Tanaka K, Hayami H, Hamasuna R, Yamamoto S,
Arakawa S, Matsumoto T. Nationwide survey of urogenital tuberculosis in Japan. Int J Urol
21:1171-1177, 201415. Hamasuna R, Tanaka K, Hayami H, Yasuda M, Takahashi S, Kobayashi K, Kiyota H, Yamamoto S,
Arakawa S, Matsumoto T; on behalf of the Japanese Research Group for UTI (JRGU). Treatmentof acute uncomplicated cystitis with faropenem for 3 days versus 7 days: multicentre,
randomized, open-label, controlled trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 69:1675-1680, 2014
16. Togo Y, Kubo T, Taoka R, Hiyama Y, Uehara T, Hashimoto J, Kurimura Y, Takahashi S,
Tsukamoto T, Miyazaki J, Nishiyama H, Kira S, Kiyota H, Yazawa S, Niwa N, Hongo H, Oya M,
Kato T, Yasuda M, Deguchi T, Ishikawa K, Hoshinaga K, Matsumoto, M Shigemura K, Tanaka K,
Arakawa S, Fujisawa M, Wada K, Uehara S, Watanabe T, Kumon H, Kobayashi K, Matsubara A,
Matsumoto M, Sho T, Hamasuna R, Matsumoto T, Hayami H, Nakagawa M, Yamamoto S: Occurrenceof infection following prostate biopsy procedures in Japan. Japanese Research Group for
Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU) -A multi-center retrospective study J Infect Chemother 20:
232-237, 2014
17. Yasuda M, Nakane K, Yamada Y, Matsumoto M, Sho T, Matsumoto M, Kobayashi K, Shigemura K,
Nakano Y, Tanaka K, Hamasuna R, Ishihara S, Arakawa S, Yamamoto S, Matsubara A, Fujisawa
M, Deguchi T, Matsumoto T. Clinical effectiveness and safety of tazobactam/piperacillin
4.5 g for the prevention of febrile infectious complication after prostate biopsy. J
Infect Chemother 20:631-634, 2014

18. Hamasuna R, Takahashi S, Nagae H, Kubo T, Yamamoto S, Arakawa S, Matsumoto T: Obstructive
pyelonephritis due to urolithiasis in Japan: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Int J
Urol 22:294-300, 201519. Le PT1, Hamasuna R, Matsumoto M, Furubayashi K, Hatanaka M, Kawai S, Yamaguchi T, Uehara
K, Murakami N, Yoshioka M, Nakayama K, Shiono Y, Muraoka K, Suzuki M, Fujimoto N, Matsumoto
T: The detection of microorganisms related to urethritis from the oral cavity of malepatients with urethritis. J Infect Chemother 23:668-673, 2017
20. Kamei J, Yazawa S, Yamamoto S, Kaburaki N, Takahashi S, Takeyama M, Koyama M, Homma Y,
Arakawa S, Kiyota H: Risk factors for surgical site infection after transvaginal meshplacement in a nationwide Japanese cohort. Neurourol Urodyn 37:1074-1081, 2018
21. Choe HS, Lee SJ, Yang SS, Hamasuna R, Yamamoto S, Cho YH, Matsumoto T; on behalf of theCommittee for Development of the UAA-AAUS Guidelines for UTI and STI. Summary of the UAAAAUS guidelines for urinary tract infections. Int J Urol 25:175-185, 2018
22. Togo Y, Ichioka D, Miyazaki J, Maeda Y, Kameyama K, Yasuda M, Hiyama Y, Takahashi S, Nagae
H, Hirota S, Yamamoto S; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU): Oraladministration of cernitin pollen extract (Cernilton® ) for 30 days might be useful toavoid unnecessary biopsy in prostate biopsy candidates: A preliminary study. Int J Urol
25:479-485, 201823. Shigemura K, Tanaka K, Hamasuna R, Ishikawa K, Matsumoto T, Arakawa S, Kiyota H, Yamamoto
S, Fujisawa M; Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU): Efficacy ofprophylactic

antimicrobialadministrationoftazobactam/piperacillin

forradicalcystectomy with urinary diversion: A Multicenter Study. Urol Int 102(3):293-298, 2019
24. Kamei J, Yazawa S, Yamamoto S, Kaburaki N, Takahashi S, Takeyama M, Koyama M, Arakawa S,
Kiyota H: A nationwide surveillance of surgical site infection after mid-urethral slings
in Japan. J Infect Chemother 25(7):567-570, 201925. Togo Y, Fukui K, Ueda, Y, Kanamaru S, Shimizu Y, Wada K, Sadahira, T, Yamada Y, Matsumoto
M, Hamasuna R, Ishikawa K, Takai M, Maekawa Y, Yasuda M, Kokura K, Kondo N, Takiuchi
H, Yamamoto S: Comparison of single- and multiple-dose cefazolin as prophylaxis fortransurethral enucleation of prostate－multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled
trial: Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU) Int J urol 27:244-248,
2020
26. Wada K, Yokoyama T, Uno S, Araki M, Sadahira T, Maruyama Y, Acosta H, Nakajima H, Hiyama
Y, Kunishima Y, Togo Y, Nukaya T, Yamada H, Shigemura K, Ito S, Tanimura M, Kobayashi K,
Kitano H, Teishima J, Yasuda M, Uehara S, Hamasuna R, Watanabe T, Nakagawa T, Hayami H,
Miyazaki J, Takahashi S, Masumori N, Ishikawa K, Kiyota H, Fujisawa M, Arakawa S, Nasu Y,
Yamamoto S: Nationwide surveillance of bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with

acute uncomplicated cystitis in 2018: conducted by the Japanese Research Group for Urinary
Tract Infections (JRGU). J Infect Chemother 27 :1169-1180, 2021
27. Sadahira T, Maruyama Y, Hiyama Y, Kitano H, Yamada H, Goto T, Kondo T, Shigemura K, Mitsui
Y, Iwata T, Edamura K, Araki M, Watanabe M, Takenaka T, Teishima J, Miyata Y, Ishikawa K,
Takaoka EI, Miyazaki J, Takahashi S, Masumori N, Kiyota H, Fujisawa M, Yamamoto S, Sakuma
T, Kusumi N, Ichikawa T, Watanabe T, Nasu Y, Tsugawa M, Nasu Y, Wada K: A Clinical Trial
Evaluating the Usefulness of Tailored Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Using Rectal-culture
Screening Media Prior to Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled
Trial. Acta Med Okayama. 75:663-667, 2021
28. Ichihara K, Takahashi S, Hiyama Y, Masumori N, Nagae H, Ito S, Wada K, Betsunoh H, Hamasuna
R, Togo Y, Shigemura K, Takeyama: Distribution of the positive UPOINT domain in patientswith chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A multicenter observational
study. .J Infect Chemother. 28:631-634, 2022

日本化学療法学会・日本感染症学会・日本臨床微生物学会
三学会合同抗菌薬感受性サーベイランス
1. Ishikawa K, Matsumoto T, Yasuda M, Uehara S, Muratani T, Yagisawa M, Sato J, Niki Y,
Totsuka K, Sunakawa K, Hanaki H, Hattori R, Terada M, Kozuki T, Maruo A, Morita K, Ogasawara
K, Takahashi Y, Matsuda K, Hirose T, Miyao N, Hayashi T, Takeyama K, Kiyota H, Tomita M,
Yusu H, Koide H, Kimura S, Yanaoka M, Sato H, Ito T, Deguchi T, Fujimoto Y, Komeda H, Asano
Y, Takahashi Y, Ishihara S, Arakawa S, Nakano Y, Tanaka K, Fujisawa M, Matsui T, Fujii A,
Yamamoto S, Nojima M, Higuchi Y, Ueda Y, Kanamaru S, Monden K, Tsushima T, Seno Y, Tsugawa
M, Takenaka T, Hamasuna R, Fujimoto N, Sho T, Takahashi K, Inatomi H, Takahashi N, Ikei Y,
Hayami H, Yamane T, Nakagawa M, Kariya S, Arima T: The nationwide study of bacterial
pathogens associated with urinary tract infections conducted by the Japanese Society of
Chemotherapy. J Infect Chemother 17: 126-138, 2011
2. Hayami H, Takahashi S, Ishikawa K, Yasuda M, Yamamoto S, Uehara S, Hamasuna R, Matsumoto
T, Minamitani S, Watanabe A, Iwamoto A, Totsuka K, Kadota J, Sunakawa K, Sato J, Hanaki H,
Tsukamoto T, Kiyota H, Egawa S, Tanaka K, Arakawa S, Fujisawa M, Kumon H, Kobayashi K,
Matsubara A, Naito S, Tatsugami K, Yamaguchi T, Ito S, Kanokogi M, Narita H, Kawano H,
Hosobe T, Takayama K, Sumii T, Fujii A, Sato T, Yamauchi T, Izumitani M, Chokyu H, Ihara
I, Akiyama K, Yoshioka M, Uno S, Monden K, Kano M, Kaji S, Kawai S, Ito K, Inatomi H,
Nishimura H, Ikuyama T, Nishi S, Takahashi K, Kawano Y, Ishihara S, Tsuneyoshi K, Matsushita
S, Yamane T, Hirose T, Fujihiro S, Endo K, Oka Y, Takeyama K, Kimura T, Uemura T: Nationwide
surveillance of bacterial pathogens from patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis
conducted by the Japanese surveillance committee during 2009 and 2010: antimicrobial
susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. J Infect Chemother
19:393-403,2013
3.

Hamasuna R, Yasuda M, Ishikawa K, Uehara S, Takahashi S, Hayami H, Yamamoto S, Matsumoto
T, Minamitani S, Watanabe A, Iwamoto A, Totsuka K, Kadota J, Sunakawa K, Sato J, Hanaki
H, Tsukamoto T, Kiyota H, Egawa S, Tanaka K, Arakawa S, Fujisawa M, Kumon H, Kobayashi K,
Matsubara A, Naito S, Tatsugami K, Ito S, Narita H, Kanokogi M, Sumii T, Ito K, Hosobe T,
Kawai S, Kawano H, Takayama K, Yamaguchi T, Endo K, Yamauchi T, Maeda S, Yoh M, Horie M,
Ito M, Chokyu H, Ihara H, Akiyama K, Uno S, Monden K, Kaji S, Nishimura H, Kawahara M,
Sato T, Konishi T, Nishi S, Ishihara S, Yoshioka M: Nationwide surveillance of theantimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from male urethritis in Japan. J
Infect Chemother 19:571-578,2013

4.

Hamasuna R, Yasuda M, Ishikawa K, Uehara S, Hayami H, Takahashi S, Matsumoto T, Yamamoto
S, Minamitani S, Watanabe A, Iwata S, Kaku M, Kadota J, Sunakawa K, Sato J, Hanaki H,
Tsukamoto T, Kiyota H, Egawa S, Tanaka K, Arakawa S, Fujisawa M, Kumon H, Kobayashi K,

Matsubara A, Naito S, Kuroiwa K, Hirayama H, Narita H, Hosobe T, Ito S, Ito K, Kawai S,
Ito M, Chokyu H, Matsumura M, Yoshioka M, Uno S, Monden K, Takayama K, Kaji S, Kawahara
M, Sumii T, Kadena H, Yamaguchi T, Maeda S, Nishi S, Nishimura H, Shirane T, Yoh M,
Akiyama K, Imai T, Kano M: The second nationwide surveillance of the antimicrobial
susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from male urethritis in Japan, 2012-2013. J InfectChemother 21:340-345,2015
5.

Ishikawa K, Hamasuna R, Uehara S, Yasuda M, Yamamoto S, Hayami H, Takahashi S, Matsumoto
T, Minamitani S, Kadota J, Iwata S, Kaku M, Watanabe A, Sunakawa K, Sato J, Hanaki H,
Tsukamoto T, Kiyota H, Egawa S, Deguchi T, Matsumoto M, Tanaka K, Arakawa S, Fujisawa M,
Kumon H, Kobayashi K, Matsubara A, Wakeda H, Amemoto Y, Onodera S, Goto H, Komeda H,
Yamashita M, Takenaka T, Fujimoto Y, Tsugawa M, Takahashi Y, Maeda H, Onishi H, Ishitoya
S, Nishimura K, Mitsumori K, Ito T, Togo Y, Nakamura I, Ito N, Kanamaru S, Hirose T,
Muranaka T, Yamada D, Ishihara S, Oka H, Inatomi H, Matsui T, Kobuke M, Kunishima Y,
Kimura T, Ichikawa T, Kagara I, Matsukawa M, Takahashi K, Mita K, Kato M, Okumura K,
Kawanishi H, Hashimura T, Aoyama T, Shigeta M, Koda S, Taguchi K, Matsuda Y: Japanesenationwide surveillance in 2011 of antibacterial susceptibility patterns of clinicalisolates from complicated urinary tract infection cases. J Infect Chemother 21: 623-633,
2015

6.

Takahashi S, Hamasuna R, Yasuda M, Ishikawa K, Hayami H, Uehara S, Yamamoto S, Minamitani
S, Kadota J, Iwata S, Kaku M, Watanabe A, Sato J, Hanaki H, Masumori N, Kiyota H, Egawa
S, Tanaka K, Arakawa S, Fujisawa M, Kumon H, Wada K, Kobayashi K, Matsubara A, Matsumoto
T, Eto M, Tatsugami K, Kuroiwa K, Ito K, Hosobe T, Hirayama H, Narita H, Yamaguchi T,
Ito S, Sumii T, Kawai S, Kanokogi M, Kawano H, Chokyu H, Uno S, Monden K, Kaji S, Kawahara
M, Takayama K, Ito M, Yoshioka M, Kano M, Konishi T, Kadena H, Nishi S, Nishimura H,
Yamauchi T, Maeda S, Horie M, Ihara H, Matsumura M, Shirane T, Takeyama K, Akiyama K,
Takahashi K, Ikuyama T, Inatomi H, Yoh M. Nationwide surveillance of the antimicrobial
susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatis from male urethritis in Japan. J Infect Chemother
22:581-586, 20167.

Hayami H, Takahashi S, Ishikawa K, Yasuda M, Yamamoto S, Wada K, Kobayashi K, Hamasuna
R, Minamitani S, Matsumoto T, Kiyota H, Tateda K, Sato J, Hanaki H, Masumori N, Nishiyama
H, Miyazaki J, Fujimoto K, Tanaka K, Uehara S, Matsubara A, Ito K, Hayashi K, Kurimura
Y, Ito S, Takeuchi T, Narita H, Izumitani M, Nishimura H, Kawahara M, Hara M, Hosobe T,
Takashima K, Chokyu H, Matsumura M, Ihara H, Uno S, Monden K, Sumii T, Kawai S, Kariya
S, Sato T, Yoshioka M, Kadena H, Matsushita S, Nishi S, Hosokawa Y, Shirane T, Yoh M,
Watanabe S, Makinose S, Uemura T, Goto H: Second nationwide surveillance of bacterial
pathogensinpatients

with

acute

uncomplicatedcystitis

conducted

byJapanese

Surveillance Committee from 2015 to 2016: antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia

coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. J Infect Chemother25(6):413-422, 20198.

Kobayashi K, Yamamoto S, Takahashi S, Ishikawa K, Yasuda M, Wada K, Hamasuna R Hayami
H, Minamitani S, Matsumoto T, Kiyota H, Tateda K, Sato J, Hanaki H, Masumori N, Hiyama
Y, Yamada H, Egawa S, Kimura T, Nishiyama H, Miyazaki J, Matsumoto K, Homma Y, Kamei
J, Fujimoto K, Torimoto K, Tanaka K, Togo Y, Uehara S, Matsubara A, Shoji K, Goto
H, Komeda H, Ito T, Mori K, Mita K, Kato M, Fujimoto Y, Masue T, Inatomi H, Takahashi
Y, Ishihara S, Nishimura K, Mitsumori K, Ito N, Kanamaru S, Yamada D, Hiroshi
M, Yamashita M, Tsugawa M, Takenaka T, Takahashi K, Oka Y, Yasufuku T, Watanabe
S, Chihara Y, Okumura K, Kawanishi H, Matsukawa M, Shigeta M, Koda S: The third national
Japanese antimicrobial susceptibility pattern surveillance program: Bacterial isolates
from complicated urinary tract infection patients. J Infect Chemother 26:418-428, 2020

9.

Takahashi S, Yasuda M, Wada K, Matsumoto M, Hayami H, Kobayashi K, Miyazaki Jun, Kiyota
H, Matsumoto T, Yotsuyanagi H, Tateda K, Sato J, Hanaki H, Masumori N, Hiyama Y, Egawa
S, Yamada H, Matsumoto K, Ishikawa K, Yamamoto S, Togo Y, Tanaka K, Shigemura K, Uehara
S, Kitano H, Kiyoshima K, Hamasuna R, Ito K, Hirayama H, Kawai S, Shiono Y, Maruyama T,
Ito S, Yoh M, Ito M, Hatano K, Ihara H, Uno Satoshi, Monden K, Yokoyama T, Takayama K,
Sumii T, Kadena H, Kawahara M, Hosobe T, Izumitani M, Kano M, Nishimura H, Fujita R,
Kaji S, Hayashi K, Tojo T, Matumura M: Nationwide surveillance of the antimicrobial
susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatis from male urethritis in Japan: Comparison withthe first surveillance report J Infect Chemother 28:1-5, 2022

著書
1. 「Urogenital Infections」 Kurt G. Naber, Antony J. Schaeffer, Chris F. Heyns, Tetsuro
Matsumoto, Daniel A. Shosker, Truls E. Bjerklund Johansen, European Association of
Urology edited. 1st edition. 660-666 Grafos, Spain (2010)
・Preface and Introduction: Kurt G. Naber, Antony J. Schaeffer, Chris F. Heyns,
Tetsuro Matsumoto, Daniel A. Shosker, Truls E. Bjerklund Johansen.
・Pathogenesisi of urinary tract infections. The role of biofilm infection in
urological infections：Peter Tenke, Bela Koves, Shinya Uehara, Hiromi Kumon, Scott J.
Huntgren, Chia Hung.
・Aethiology, antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens, antibiotic therapy and policy;
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in urology: Satoshi Takahashi.
・Aethiology, antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens, antibiotic therapy and policy;
ESBL and multi-resistance in urology: Testuro Muratani.
・Prevention of recurrent urological tract infections in adult women. Immunoactive
prophylaxix of uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections: Kurt G. Naber, YongHynn Cho, Tetsuro Matsumoto, Anthony J. Schaeffer.
・Prevention of recurrent urological tract infections in adult women; Immunoactive
prophylaxix of uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections: Kiyohito Ishikawa.
・Prevention of infections and associated with urological surgery; Sterilisation anddisinfection of urological instruments for endoscopy and for prostate biopsy: Shingo
yamamoto, Ryoichi Hamasuna.
・Sexually transmitted infectious diseases; Urethritis: Ryoichi Hamasuna, Hiromasa
Tsukino.
・Sexually transmitted infectious diseases; Urethritis: Testuro Matsumoto.
・Special urogenital infections; Urinary tuberculosis: Severin Lenk, Mitsuru Yasuda.