〈Research Article〉

Hypotheses on the Textual Interrelations of a 16th-Century Indirect
Transmission of Plato’s Laws, Lemmata and Paraphrases in
Bessarion’s In calumniatorem Platonis, Book Five, alias Correctio

librorum Platonis de legibus Georgio Trapezuntio interprete
Akitsugu Taki

Abstract
Bessarion inspected codex Venetus gr. 188, s. XIV, probably with codex Venetus gr. 187, s. XV, in themaking of his lemmata and paraphrases of Plato’s Laws in his In calumniatorem Platonis, which arehypothetically reconstructible from the codices, Venetus gr. 198, Monacensis Inc. c.a. 20 (Roma, 1469),
and Urbinatus lat. 196, s. XV together with the first printed edition by Aldo Manutius (Venice, 1503).
Key Words: Bessarion; Plato’s Laws; Textual Transmission; In calumniatorem Platonis

1. Introduction
When the original text of a work is lost, that has to be reconstructed by textual criticism. For thispurpose textual critics have to elucidate how it has been transmitted, and, if it is not found that every
stage involved the mechanical copying of a single exemplar, they are so much more attentive to thehistory of the transmission of the text. On this condition, not until all the possible textual sources havebeen thoroughly compared can they firmly conjecture whether some variant is an omission or addition,
whether a scribe was using one exemplar or more, or whether a scribe edited the work occasionallyusing more than one source or simply copied mechanically. The preliminary procedure for thiscomparison, accordingly, is to collect all the extant sources, direct or indirect.
In accordance with this methodology, scholars working on the textual transmission of each of
Plato’s works have accumulated probable hypotheses on the textual interrelations in the extant direct
and indirect sources (e.g. Boter (1989); Brockmann (1992); Jonkers (2017)). In such scholarly
literature, part of the textual transmission of Plato’s Laws has been elucidated (Peipers (1863); Post
(1934); Des Places (1951)) but not the whole. What follows is a contribution to part of the remainderof the transmission, viz. an indirect transmission at the latest stage contemporary with the birth ofprinting, the lemmata in Bessarion’s In calumniatorem Platonis (abbreviated below as ICP), originally－1－drafted in Greek around 1460.

2. The Extant Manuscripts of Plato’s Laws1
The extant manuscripts of Plato’s Laws are: (1) Corpus Christi College 96, saec. XV; (2)Escorialensis Ψ.Ι.1, saec. XVI (lib. V); (3) Biblioteca nacional de España, fonds principal 04573, saec.
XV (excerpta e lib. I, III-IX, XI-XII); (4) Vossianus gr. F 74, saec. XV; (5) Vossianus gr. Q 51, saec.
XV; (6) Leyden, Wytt. 14, 1800 CE; (7) Rosanbo, Bibliothèque de la Marquise de Rosanbo, 101, saec.
XVI; (8) Monacensis gr. 490, saec. XV (lib. V); (9) Laurentianus Plut. 59.1, saec. XIV; (10)Laurentianus Plut. 80.17, saec. XV; (11) Laurentianus 85.9, saec. XV; (12) Conventi Soppressi 180,
saec. XV; (13) Riccardianus gr. 67, saec. XV (lib. I-II); (14) Ambrosianus suppl. 146, saec. XVI; (15)Neapolitanus II F 09, saec. XIV (excerpta e lib. II); (16) Vallicellianus B 099, saec. XVI; (17)Parisinus gr. 1807, saec. IX; (18) Angelicus gr. 101, saec. XV-XVI; (19) Barberianus gr. 4, saec. XIV(fragmentum e lib. VII); (20) Barberianus gr. 209, saec. XV-XVI (lib. I-XI 919a3); (21) Palatinus gr.
177, c. 1442-1457 CE; (22) Vaticanus gr. 1, saec. IX; (23) Vaticanus gr. 230, saec. XIV; (24) Vaticanus
gr. 1029, saec. XIV; (25) Vaticanus gr. 1031, saec. XIII-XIV; (26) Urbinatus gr. 30; (27) Venetus gr.
184, saec. XV; (28) Venetus gr. 187, saec. XV; (29) Venetus gr. 188, saec. XIV; (30) Venetus gr 526,
saec. XV (excerpta); (31) Venetus Appendix Class. 11, 3, saec. XV (lib. I-VII); (32) Vindobonensis
suppl. gr. 20, 1468 CE.

3. Method
I collate a Greek manuscript, two Latin manuscripts and two printed editions for the lemmata in
Bessarion’s ICP, and fourteen manuscripts for Plato’s Laws: (9)-(12), (17), (20)-(22), (24)-(25),(27)-(29), and (32), and two 16th-century printed editions. From the ICP I choose the lemmata andparaphrases of the Laws, Books X-XI, and the title, some preceding descriptions and the main body in
Latin at 101r, l. 45-101v, l. 27 in the Aldine edition, I examine the variants there, and on the basis ofthese results I propose hypotheses on the textual interrelations.

4. Additional Notes on Some Inspected Manuscripts
Codex Venetus gr. 187, according to Post (1934) and Wilson (1962), is written by Bessarion. In the
top of the folium opposite to the one paged 1, Bessarion’s hand, pretty well identifiable on the basis of
the handwriting at foll. 309v-310v, indicated, after the titles of the works included, that he was the
copyist, perhaps reading in Greek ἐμοῦ βησσάριωνος καρδηνάλεως τοῦ τῶν τουσκλῶν, which－2－I suppose is a shorthand for διὰ χειρὸς ἐγράφη ... or ὑπο χειρὸς ἐγράφη ..., and in Latin ‘liber
manus b. card. Tusculani’, a shorthand for ‘liber manus Bessarionis cardinalis Tusculani’. However,Mioni (1976) revised this hypothesis by proving that Bessarion wrote a small part of the codex2.
Codex Venetus gr. 184 is, according to Wohlrab (1887), Post (1934) and Wilson (1962), is written
by Johannes Rhosus for Bessarion. In the bottom of folium 1r, it reads κτῆμα βησσαρίωνοςκαρδηνάλεως τοῦ τῶν τουσκλῶν; in the bottom of folium 1v, it reads ‘Platonis omnia opera
pulcherrimus et correctissimus B. card. Tusculani.’
Codex Venetus gr. 198 is, according to Morelli ((1802) 120-1), written by Georgius Presbyter
Cretensis under the direction of Bessarion. It is a copy of Bessarion’s original Greek version of the
ICP, which includes a part entitled in red ink, βησσάριωνος καρδινάλεως καὶ πατριάρχουκωνσταντινουπόλεως, τῶν νόμων τοῦ πλάτωνος ἐκ τοῦ ἑλληνικοῦ, εἰς τὸ λατινικὸν,ἑρμηνείας, πρὸς αὐτὰ τοῦ πλάτωνος παραβολὴ τε καὶ αὐτέξετασις, which can be translated
as Bessarion the Cardinal and Constantinopolitan Patriarch’s Commentary on, and Examination of, theTranslation of Plato’s Laws from Greek into Latin. This part was later edited as the fifth book of the1469 Latin version of ICP, entitled “Correctio librorum Platonis de legibus Georgio Trapezuntio
interprete.”
Bessarion’s Greek draft was also copied in four other codices but the part discussing Georgius
Trapezuntius’ translation of Plato’s Laws is extant only in Codex Venetus gr. 198 (Mohler (1927)
Einleitung).
The process of revising, and translating into Latin, the Greek draft was aided by Niccolò Perroti(Monfasani (1981) esp. 204-7). As Bessarion’s preservation of copies of his Greek text and his Latin
edition suggest (Labowsky (1979) 115-6), their ideas would have been under further revision after
1469. But the details of the process are yet to be investigated.
The printed edition of the ICP published by Aldus Manutius in 1503 comes from the previous
edition in Rome with lemmata in Greek printed with no accents. For a note under the contents in the
Aldine edition says: “The same author’s Correctio of books on laws by Plato, translated by George ofTrebizond; in which Greek words by Plato himself are recited and emended with their accents; foraccents are lacking in the books printed in Rome; furthermore Plato’s words are translated by
Bessarion with his argument proposed. After that the Trebizondian’s translation is subsequently
assessed because it is so much useful for both of those who are instructed with Greek letters and whowant to make good Latin from good Greek.”－3－

5. Sigla
I. codices Platonis Legum:
A: Parisinus gr. 1807, s. IX
O: Vaticanus gr. 1, s. IX
J: Vaticanus gr. 1031, s. XIII‐XIV
L: Laurentianus Plut. 80.17, s. XV
R: Vaticanus gr. 1029, s. XIV
a: Laurentianus Plut. 59.1, s. XIV
o: Conventi Soppressi 180, s. XV
c: Laurentianus Plut. 85.9, s. XV
K: Venetus gr. 188, s. XIV
N: Venetus gr. 187, s. XV, partim exaratus a Bessarione
Ξ: Venetus gr. 184, s. XV, exaratus a Iohanne Rhoso pro Bessarione
P: Palatinus gr. 177, c. 1442‐1457 CE
w: Vindobonensis suppl. gr. 20, 1468 CE
B: Barberianus gr. 209, s. XV‐XVI (lib. I‐XI 919a3)
II. editiones impressae Platonis operum
Mus: Aldus Manutius et Marcus Musurus, ΑΠΑΝΤΑ ΤΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΛΑΤΩΝΟΣ Omnia Platonis
Opera, Venetiis, 1513.
St: Serranus, I. and Stephanus, H., ΠΛΑΤΩΝΟΣ ΑΠΑΝΤΑ ΤΑ ΣΩΖΟΜΕΝΑ: Platonis opera
quae extant omnia, 3 t., Genevae, 1578
III. Bessarionis In calumniatorem Platonis graece
V198: Venetus gr. 198, continens βησσάριωνος καρδινάλεως καὶ πατριάρχου κωνσταντινουπόλεως,τῶν νόμων τοῦ πλάτωνος ἐκ τοῦ ἑλληνικοῦ, εἰς τὸ λατινικὸν, ἑρμηνείας, πρὸς αὐτὰ τοῦπλάτωνος παραβολὴ τε καὶ αὐτέξετασις
V198π: paraphrasis Bessarionis
V198λ: lemma Bessarionis
IV. Codices vel Libri impressi Bessarionis Adversus calumniatorem Platonis, liber quintus, alias
Correctio librorum Platonis de legibus Georgio Trapezuntio interprete, auctore ipso et Nicolao
Perroto interpretibus latine
Moninc: Monacensis Inc. c.a. 20, Romae, ante annum 1469 (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek)－4－

(= Venetus Inc. 0219, Romae, [anno 1469], excussus ab Arnoldo Pannartz et Conrado
Sweynheim (Biblioteca nazionale Marciana))
U: Urbinatus lat. 196, s. XV, exaratus Florentiae a Petro de Traiecto anno 1472 (vide fol. 277r)
Palat: Parisinus lat. 12946, s. XV, exaratus ab Ioachino de Gigantibus Rotenburgense
Germanico anno 1476 (vide fol. 423r)
Aldina: liber quintus, In calumniatorem Platonis, alias Correctio librorum Platonis de legibus
Georgio Trapezuntio interprete, Venetiis, in aedibus Romani Aldi, anno 1503
V. Codex Georgii Trapezuntii Platonis Legum Tralationis
GT: Urb. lat. 228
GTcit B: Bessarionis citatio Georgii Trapezuntii tralationis in eius In caluminatorem Platonis
VI. sigla critica
Xac: lectio ante correctionem
Xpc: lectio post correctionem
om.: omisit vel omiseruntadd.: addidit vel addiderunt
scrips.: scripsit vel scripserunt
L: lemma
P: paraphrasis

6. Hypotheses on the Textual Interrealtions of the Indirect Transmission of Plato’s Laws in
Bessarion’s Lemmata
Reference to the place of a set of variants is made either by the chapter number of the ICP in Latin,
Book Five, which is equal to the book number of the Laws, the lemma or paraphrase number which I
count there, and the page and section of the Stephanus edition (1578) followed by the line in Burnet’s
edition of the Laws (1906) or by the chapter, page and line in the 1503 Aldine edition of the ICP,
Book Five. However, when the lemma or paraphrase under discussion appears only in the Greek draftof the ICP, Book Five, in Venetus gr. 198, reference is made by the chapter number and the usual
above-mentioned way of referring to Plato’s text.
Hypothesis 1: V198, Moninc, Palat, U and Aldina have a common close ancestor in Greek.
V198, Moninc, Palat, U and Aldina have a common multi-word omission, hardly reparable, although－5－probably, in view of the contrast with Georgius Trapezuntius’ interpretation, intentional, against theothers at XI, 101r, l. 54 and XI, L1, 915b5.
XI, 101r, l. 54 et peregrini (codd. ἢ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῳ ξένων) GT(Urb. lat. 228) : om. Moninc
Palat U Aldina
XI, L1, 915b5 ἢ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῳ ξένων/τῶν ξένων/ξένων AORJL aco KNΞ P w B
Mus St GT: om. V198π Moninc Palat U Aldina
Hence V198, Moninc, Palat, U and Aldina have a common close ancestor in Greek.
This hypothesis is corroborated by a common hardly reparable omission at XI, L8, 930b6.
XI, L8, 930b6 μὴ pr. scrips. AO acaco KNΞ P w Mus St non adducta noverca, vertit GT GTcit B:μὴ non scrips. causa haplographiae JLR cpc(inferiore puncto notavit) V198λ Moninc Palat U
Aldina adducta nouerca filios educare, vertit Bessario
So also it is by the transposition at L4, 923a3.
XI, L4, 923a3 ὑμῖν ἐστιν / ἐστι AOJLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St difficile nobis est, vertit GTἐστι ὑμῖν V198λ ἐστι ἡμῖν Moninc Palat U Aldina
Also, some variants in orthography or elision below provide lesser support.
XI, L1, 915b6 γίγνηται AORJL aco KNΞ P w Mus St: γένηται B V198π Moninc Palat U Aldina
XI, L4, 923a4 γιγνώσκειν AO JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St: γινώσκειν V198λ Moninc Palat U
Aldina
XI, L9, 931a3 ταῦτ’ AO JLR acο KNΞ P w Mus St: ταῦτα V198λ U Aldina ταυτα Monincταύτα Palat
Hypothesis 2: Moninc, Palat, U and Aldina derive from a Greek ancestor of V198.
Moninc, Palat, U and Aldina have a common hardly reparable omission in their lemmata against
V198 and the others at XI, L4, 923a4 and XI, L7, 930b1.
XI, L4, 923a4 χρήματα AO JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St V198λ premiam, vertit GT: om.
Moninc Palat U Aldina
XI, L7, 930b1 ἂν scrips. AO JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St quiuis ... habeant, vertit GT V198λ:non scrips. Moninc Palat U Aldina
They have some other common variants against V198 and the others at XI, L4, 923a4 (bis).
XI, L4, 923a4 ὑμέτερ’ AO JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St V198λ uestram GT: ἡμέτερα Moninc
Palat U Aldina nostram GTcit B Bessario
XI, L4, 923a4 ὑμᾶς AO JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St V198λ vos GT

GTcit B: ἡμᾶς Moninc

Palat U Aldina Bessario
Hence the Latin version of the ICP possibly derives from V198.
However, V198 has a hardly reparable transposition against the others at L8, 930b7.
－6－

XI, L8, 930b7 τῶι τε οἴκωι καὶ τῆι πόλει AO: τῷ τε οἴκῳ καὶ τῇ πόλει ac(ι quoque
dextra subscripto) Mus St Aldina τῷ τε οἴκωι καὶ τῆ πόλει R(ι dextra subscripto) τῶτε οἴκω καὶ τῆ πόλει JL ο ΚNΞ P w domui suae ac ciuitati, vertit GT U τω τε οἴκω καιτη πολει Moninc: τότε οἴκω καὶ τὴ πώλη Palat τῆ τε πόλει καὶ τῶ οἴκω V198λTherefore the Latin versions derive not from V198 but from some Greek ancestor of V198.
This conclusion is supported by the variants at X, L1, 899a6.
X, L1, 899a6 899a6 δὴ AO JLR aco ΚNΞ B Pal Mus St U Aldina: δεῖ w δὲ V198λ δε Moninc
Palat
Hypothesis 3: Moninc and Palat derive from one of Aldina’s ancestors, not U.
Moninc and Palat have a number of common errors as follows:
XI,101v, l. 27 pacta U Aldina: postea Moninc Palat
XI, L4, 923a4 αὐτῶν AO JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St V198λ U Aldina: αὐτὸν Moninc Palat
XI, L6, 929a6 μηδαμῶς AO JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St V198λ U Aldina: μη δαμως
Monincμὴ δαμῶς Palat
XI, L6, 929a6 ἐν δίκηι A2(ι suprascripto)O ἐν δίκῃ ac(ι dextra subscripto) Mus St
Aldina ἐν δίκη A JLR o KNΞ P w V198λ U: εδικη Moninc ἐδίκη Palat
XI, L6, 929a8 οὕτως AO JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St V198λ U Aldina: ουτω Moninc οὕτω
Palat
XI, L7, 930b1 ἱκανῶν AO JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St V198λ U Aldina: ικανον Moninc Palat
XI, L9, 931a2 ἀψύχους AO JLR acο KNΞ P w Mus St V198λ U Aldina: αψιχους Monincαψίχους Palat
XI, L9, 931a3 ἐμψύχους AO JLR acο KNΞ P w Mus St V198λ U Aldina: εμψιχους Monincἐμψίχους Palat
Hence Moninc and Palat both derive from U or Aldina or their ancestor.
However, Aldina was, as its editorial remark suggests (see my note on this edition in section (4)),
made by inspecting Moninc and has a peculiar error at XI, L6, 929a7.
XI, L6, 929a7 ἐξεθρέψατο AO JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St V198λ U Palat εξεθρεψατοMoninc: ἐξεθράψατο Aldina
Therefore both derive from U or some ancestor of Aldina.
However, U has a hardly reparable omission common to Aac and Oac against the others at XI, L11,935d3.
XI, L11, 935d3 τὴν scrips. Apc(s.l. altera manu ΤΗΝ) Opc(s.l. altera manu τὴν) JLR aco
KNΞ P w Mus St Aldina Palat την scrips. Moninc: non scrips. Aac Oac U(folium continens
hoc lemma deest in V198)－7－

U has also a peculiar error against the others at XI, L11, 935d3.
XI, L11, 935d3 γελοῖα ΑΟ JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St Aldina Palat γελοια Moninc:γελοίου U
Therefore Moninc and Palat derive from one of Aldina’s ancestors and not from U.
Hypothesis 4: Palat derives from Moninc.
Palat has a hardly reparable omission against the others.
XI,101r, l. 45

titulus: de libro undecimo scrips. Moninc Aldina ex libro undecimo U: nonscrips. Palat
XI, L1, 915c1 λαβὼν AOR JL aco KNΞ P w B Mus St Moninc U Aldina: om. Palat
Palat has also some peculiar errors as follows:
XI, 101v, l. 2: adaequaerint GT Aldina: adequauerint Moninc U adequaerit Palat
XI, 101v, l. 9: dehonestatae Aldina: dehonestate Moninc U de honestate Palat
XI, L9, 931a3 εὔνοιαν AO JLR acο KNΞ P w Mus St V198λ U Aldina ευνοιαν Moninc:εὔνιαν Palat
XI, L11, 935d4 ἐὰν ἄνευ θυμοῦ ΑΟ JLR aco KN P w Mus St U Aldina εαν ανευθυμου Moninc: ἐὰν εὐθυμου Palat
XI, L11, 935d5 πολίτας ΑO JLR aco N P w Mus U Aldina πολιτας Moninc: πωλίτας
Palat
Certainly, Moninc has a peculiar error at XI, P1, 921c7.
XI, P1, 921c7 χρημάτων AO JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St V198π U Aldina Palat: κρηματωνMonincHowever, this misspelling is easier to correct for the scribe of Palat, although he or she has littlecommand of Greek. Therefore it is more likely than contrariwise that Palat derives from Moninc.
This derivation is supported by the variants at XI, P1, 921d2 and XI, L4, 923a5.
XI, P1, 921d2 μηνὸς AO JLR aco KN P w Mus St V198π U Aldina μηνός Ξ μηνος
Moninc: μινος Palat
XI, L4, 923a5 πυθίας AO JLR aco KNΞ P w Mus St V198λ U Aldina: πυδίας Monincπαιδίας Palat
Hypothesis 5: Palat also is descended from Aldina or its close ancestor.
Palat and Aldina have against Moninc and U a common addition in the description preceding themain body at 101r, l. 46 and 101r, l. 48.
XI, 101r, l. 46 reprehensio ...commisit non scrips. Moninc U: scrips. Aldina Palat
XI, 101r, l. 48 caput xii Aldina: capitulum Palat non scrips. Moninc U－8－

They also have a variant there.
XI, 101r, l. 46 septendecim Aldina: decem et septem Palat
Aldina also has a peculiar description there.
XI, 101r, l. 48 Perqpia Platonis sententia de cultu parentum, scrips. Aldina: non scrips.
Moninc Palat U
Hence the description preceding the main body of text in Palat derives from Aldina or its closemanuscript.
Hypothesis 6: Bessarion inspected K, probably with N, for his making of the lemmata.
The lemmata more likely than otherwise derive from the manuscripts in Bessarion’s collection, K,
N and Ξ.
X, L2, 905e5 ἄρα R V198λ Aldina U άρα Palat: ἆρα AO JL aco KNΞ B Pal w St forsan,
vertit GT ἆρά Mus αρα Moninc
X, L2, 906a2 φόβων AO JLR aco Kac B Pal w: φόβον Kpc(eodem atramento s.l. ο)NΞ
Aldina U Moninc Palat Mus St (verba post ἡνίοχοί (905e7) absunt a lemmate in V198)(agricolis ... timentibus, vertit GT)
XI, L11, 935d5 κωμωιδοῦντες AO o κωμῳδοῦντες a Mus St κωμωδοῦντες JLR P wκωμῳδοῦντας c(ι dextra subscripto)Aldina κωμωδοῦντας KNΞ U κωμωδουντας
Moninc κωμωδούντας Palat
However, they do not derive from Ξ at XI, L6, 929a6.
X, L2, 905e5 μείζοσιν AO JLR aco KN B Pal w Mus St Moninc Palat U Aldina: μείζουσιν Ξ
XI, L6, 929a6 ὅν ΑΟ JLR aoc KN w Mus St V198λ Palat U Aldina ον Moninc: ὅς Ξ (nonliceat alicui ... irascat, vertit GT)
XI, L6, 929a6 ἐπίηι A2(ι suprascripto)O ἐπίῃ Mus St Aldina ἐπίη A JLR aco KN P w
V198λ Palat U επιη Moninc ἐπείη ΞNor do they from N or Nac at XI, L8, 930b4, 930b6 or XI, L11, 935d4.
XI, L8, 930b4 καταλείπουσα Opc(s.l. altero atramento ει) Jpc(eodem atramento s.l. ειligatura)L apc(s.l. ει ligatura)co NΞ P: καταλίπουσα AOac Jac R aac Κ w Mus St liberis ...
relictis, vertit GT V198λ Moninc Palat U Aldina
XI, L8, 930b6 ὄντων Opc(s.l. altero atramento Ν) JL apc(s.l. altero atramento Ν)cpc(i.m.
altera manu altero atramento ὄντων)opc(altera manu s.l. ν) ΚNpc(ν inposito) w Mus St
V198λ Moninc Palat U Aldina: ὄντως AOac aaccacoac NacΞ P non cogens sed consulens ista lex
sit. cum uxorem dicere necessarium non sit. nisi ad liberos domui suae ac civitati creandos
nutriat filios suos non aducta noverca. vertit GT ὄντος R－9－

XI, L11, 935d4 ἦ KNpc(altero atramento accentu refecto) Mus St U Aldina ἢ AO JLR
aco NacΞ w ἠ P Palat η Moninc (tralatio pro τί δὲ δή ... κωμῳδοῦντες λέγειν, sicut
Bessario notavit, abest a GT)
The Latin versions’ derivation could be conjectured from the variants at XI, 931d7.
XI, 931d7 ἄγαλμ’ AO JLR ao K P w V198λ : ἄγαλμα c NΞ Mus St
However, the Latin versions at XI, P1, 921d1 come from Bessarion’s emendation of either N or Ξ.
XI, P1, 921d1 ξυμβάλλει AO JLR aco NΞ P w Mus St V198π U Aldina ξυμβαλλει
Moninc: ξυμβάλει Palat ξυμβάλλη K
Therefore Bessarion might have inspected K mostly, but, as his scholia in N or Ξ suggest, he would
very likely have been in a position to inspect N and Ξ as well.

7. Conclusion
From the above hypotheses I conclude that for his lemmata and paraphrses of Plato’s Laws in his
ICP, which are hypothetically reconstructible from the codices, Venetus gr. 198, Monacensis Inc. c.a.
20 (Roma, 1469), and Urbinatus lat. 196, s. XV together with the first printed edition by Aldo
Manutius (Venice, 1503), Bessarion inspected codex Venetus gr. 188, s. XIV, probably with codex
Venetus gr. 187, s. XV.

Notes:
1. Wilson (1962); Brambough and Wells (1968); Pinakes.
2. Mioni’s analysis is followed by Jonkers (2017) 82-83; Boter (1989) 58-59; Brockmann (1992) 126-133.

Works Cited:
Boter, G. (1989), The Textual Tradition of Plato’s Republic, Leiden.
Brockmann, C. (1992), Die handschriftliche Überlieferung von Platons Symposion, Wiesbaden.
Brumbaugh, R.S. and R. Wells (1968), The Plato Manuscripts: A New Index, New Haven.
Burnet, J. (1906), Platonis opera, t. 5, Oxford.
Des Places, É (1951), Les Lois, Livres I-II, Paris.
Jonkers, G. (2017), The Textual Tradition of Plato’s Timaeus and Critias, Leiden.
Labowsky, L. (1979), Bessarion’s Library and the Biblioteca Marciana, Rome.
Mioni, E. (1976), ‘Bessarione Scriba e alcuni suoi Collabolatori’, in: Miscellanea Marciana di Studi Bessarionei,
Padua, 263-318.
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Monfasani, J. (1981), “Bessarion Latinus”, in Monfasani, J. (1995), Byzantine Scholars in Renaissance Italy:
Cardinal Bessarion and Other Emigrés, Aldershot: Variorum, 165-209.
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Post, L.A. (1934), ‘A List of Plato Manuscripts’, The Vatican Plato and Its Relations, American Philological
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This work is supported by JSPS Kakenhi Grant Number 22520323 and 26370363. Thanks also go toProfessor P.J. Rhodes for reading my English.

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ベッサリオン（1460 年ごろ）『プラトン誹謗者を駁す』第 5 巻、別書名『トレビゾンドのゲオルギウス訳プラトン『法律』篇改定』における本文断片並びに言換えに見る本文間接伝承の有する同篇
本文諸伝承間関係に関する仮説
瀧

章

次

【要旨】
ルネッサンス期に東西文化移転に大きな貢献をなしたベッサリオンはプラトン『法律』篇の同時代トレビゾンドのゲオルギウス、ラテン語訳を改定することにおいて、ギリシア語本
文問題個所を断片や言換えで示した。これらの本文間接伝承について、イタリア、ヴェニス
聖マルコ寺院図書館所蔵ギリシア語写本 198 番、ドイツ、バイエルン州国立図書館所蔵初期
印刷本 Inc. c.a. 20（1469 年ローマ刊）、ヴァティカン図書館ラテン語写本ウルビナートゥス
196 番並びにアルド・マヌティウス発刊印刷初版本（1503 年ヴェニス刊）から仮説的にその祖本本文伝承経緯を再構した結果、ベッサリオンは、当該断片並びに言換えを作成するに当たり、同篇伝承中世写本、ヴェネツィア、聖マルコ寺院図書館所蔵ギリシア語写本 188 番を主として用い、同所蔵ギリシア語写本 187 番も参照したと推定される。

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