A Policy Proposal for Regional Collaboration in Science and Technology
in Asia
An Interim Report

March 27, 2013

The International Policy Dialogue 2012 participants

The Takeda Foundation

英語提言 表 4-1

March 27, 2013
Published by the Takeda Foundation with a grant from Strategic Funds for the Promotion of
Science and Technology program, MEXT(The e-ASIA International Symposium 2011)

英語提言 表 2-3

A Policy Proposal for Regional Collaboration in Science and Technology
in Asia
An Interim Report
Background and Purpose
We are participants in the International Policy Dialogue 2012 organized by the Takeda
Foundation. In 2011, the Takeda Foundation organized the first international policy
dialogue on regional collaboration in science and technology in Asia (IPDCSTA2011).
IPDCSTA2011 was the first region-wide cross sectional policy dialogue on regional
collaboration in science and technology in Asia, and covered various subjects related to
the regional development of human resources and brain circulation, as well asinternational collaborative research and research infrastructure. During the policy
dialogue, we identified several important challenges: the need to address local basic
needs such as water supply, sanitation, and transportation infrastructure, that would
help people in the bottom of the pyramid zone to participate in economic growth; theacceleration of cross-border movement of researchers and students; the developmentof novel funding mechanisms for regional collaborative research; the establishment ofinternational open innovation research centers to facilitate regional collaborative
research leading to innovation. This October, the Takeda Foundation organized asecond international policy dialogue on collaboration in science and technology(IPDCSTA2012) at which we focused on the above challenges based on last year’s
discussion. During the discussion, we were able to share certain common thoughts
concerning these challenges. We have decided to submit a policy proposal related tothese challenges to Asian science and technology communities and governments
because we believe it is essential to address these challenges to promote regionalinnovation and develop sustainable economic growth in our region.
We all support the general ideas of the policy proposal as individuals; our institutions
have no responsibility or obligations concerning the policy proposal.
Policy Proposal 1
Acceleration of Cross-Border Movement of Human Resources
As globalization progresses, the cross-border movement of capital, information andgoods has been accelerating. However, as compared with capital, information andgoods, the cross-border movement of human resources has not accelerated. ASEAN
plans to accomplish economic integration by 2015, with the aim of facilitating the freemovement of goods, services, and people within the region. At present, people fromseven countries other than Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia can visit one another without

1

the need for visas. The plan is to extend the current visa waiver arrangement to thewhole region by 2015, and try to establish a regional visa for visitors from outside
ASEAN. While the free movement of human resources within ASEAN will be achievedby 2015 as a result of economic integration, there seem to be no significant actions
being taken toward the free movement of human resources between ASEAN andoutside regions, particularly within Asia. It will be necessary to facilitate the cross-border
movement of human resources, at least within the East Asian region, in order to attainsustainable regional development. We propose the following actions to promote the freemovement of human resources within the Asian region.
(i) The establishment of a regional arrangement to facilitate the cross-border
movement of human resources between ASEAN and non-ASEAN (East Asian)countries by 2015 when ASEAN will accomplish economic integration. Several
options including the application of the APEC business card to a wider range ofhuman resources and the use of multi-entry visas should be taken into consideration.
Human resources should include professional personnel of SMBs, NGOs, local
governments, and community bodies as well as universities, public research
institutes, and large-scale companies.
(ii) The establishment of programs to support the movement of professional humanresources and to develop networks among public funding agencies and private
foundations to facilitate the cross-border movement of human resources. The
programs to facilitate the cross-border movement of human resources should becoupled with programs to encourage the return of diaspora human resources inscience and technology. It will be wise to take a step-by-step approach in priority
fields when programs to facilitate cross-border movement are implemented.
(iii) The establishment of an Asian STI (Science, Technology, and Innovation) Diaspora
Network Initiative to recuperate partnerships in STI human mobility as mutually
beneficial collaborations for all, and to convert the brain drain phenomenon into a
brain gain strategy.
Proposal 2
Establishment of novel funding systems for regional innovation
Competition among nations has intensified as globalization has progressed, and eachnation has been trying to develop competitive national innovation systems. However,these national innovation systems do not provide an effective tool for attenuating2

regional and global challenges. It is important to expand innovation systems fromnational innovation systems to a global innovation ecosystem. In order to realize thisglobal innovation ecosystem, we should consider reforming the conventional funding
systems that are currently based on national innovation systems. The players in scienceand technology are diversified, and include the institutions of local authorities and the
profit and non-profit sectors as well as central government organizations. Now is thetime to design new types of support systems for regional and global collaboration
programs based on an overview of traditional support systems. We propose that thefollowing policy measures and actions should be taken.
(i) The establishment of an International Foundation to support regional collaborative

research that addresses common regional problems in Asia by raising funds fromthe public and private sectors within and outside Asia. The new funding entity should
be independent, and not too close to a specific country or interest. It is essential todevelop flexible funding programs that can be shaped as they grow. New funding
programs should provide support for the next generation of scientists and engineers.
The new funding programs should support various levels of research including basic
research and development, and should involve a wide range of players including
local governments.
(ii) In the meantime, we need to develop and/or expand networks among existingfunding institutions to seamlessly support regional collaborative research that willlead to innovation. The following institutions have funding mechanisms for regional
collaborative research: the ASEAN Foundation; the TEMASEK Foundation; the
Human Frontier Science Program, JST (SATREPS, e-ASIA JRP), the AsianDevelopment Bank, as well as private foundations including the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation and the Mizutani Foundation for Glycoscience.

Proposal 3
Establishment of International Open Innovation Research Centers in Asia
Science and technology are the driving forces of innovation, which leads to thecreation of new social and economic values. Today, traditional closed inward-looking
research and development are no longer sufficient while globalization is developing,while global challenges are becoming more complex, and while scientific andtechnological disciplines are melding. Under such circumstances, international
university-industry-government collaborations in R & D are becoming increasingly more
important. For more than a decade, large-scale international open innovation researchcollaborations on a university-industry-government basis have been under way at
SUNY Albany in the United States, MINATEC in France, and IMEC in Belgium. In such3

research collaborations, university and corporate researchers from a number ofcountries have co-located to the same campuses. Advanced facilities and laboratory
equipment are shared and used openly. International collaborations have beendeveloping not only in scientific research, but also in talent development, capacity
building and networking expansion. It is time for both developed and emerging countries
to execute international and multilateral open innovation research collaborations on auniversity-industry-government basis to invite different value judgments and wisdom aswell as diversity.
Large-scale international open innovation research centers (IOIRC) similar to theones in the U.S. and Europe do not exist in Asia. It is essential to develop international
open innovation research centers in Asia with the objectives of responding to andsolving global challenges and local needs. Such centers will realize innovation andcontribute to the development of Asia by combining the diverse knowledge, wisdom andcapability of Asian people. We propose the following actions be taken:(i) The establishment of international open innovation research centers (IOIRC) in Asia
to address common regional issues through government-academia -industry
collaboration.
(ii) As a first trial, an IOIRC for renewable energy research should be established in the
ASEAN region. Southeast Asia is rich in biomass resources, and the development of
renewable energy is a national strategy for many Southeast Asian countries. To
encourage open innovation centers, the utilization of existing facilities andinternational funding programs including SATREPS and e-ASIA JRP should beconsidered.
(iii) Networks among research projects on biomass should be developed and researchhubs should be set up in participating countries including Thailand, Indonesia, andVietnam.
(iv) Innovative research projects that would benefit both academia and industry should
be developed, and teams of experts from both sides should be gathered. The
project should be supported by matching funds from both sides.

4

IPDCSTA2012 PARTICIPANTS
Akio Nishijima, Visiting Professor, Waseda University, Japan
Atsushi Sunami, Associate Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies,Japan
Aung Kyaw Myat, Director General, Department of Advanced Science and Technology,
Ministry of Science and Technology, Myanmar
David Koilpillai, Professor, Department of Electric Engineering, Indian Institute ofTechnology Madras, India
Geng Tu, Manager, Department of International Affairs, Japan Science and Technology
Agency, Japan
Dong-Pil Min, Korea Ambassador for Science and Technology, Korea
Hiroshi Iwata, Secretary General, Tsukuba Innovation Arena for Nanotechnology, Japan
Hugh Thaweesak Koanantakool, President, National Science and Technology
Development Agency, Thailand
Jin Wakabayashi, Manager, Office for Private Sector Partnership, Japan International
Cooperation Agency, Japan
Jamilur Reza Choudhury, Vice Chancellor, University of Asia Pacific, Bangladesh
Le Anh Tuan, Deputy Director, School of Transportation Engineering, Hanoi Universityof Science and Technology, Vietnam
Mary Jane Alcedo, Graduate student, Nagoya University, Philippines
Masahiro Takemura, Director, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan
Mitsuo Akagi, Director and Bureau Chief, Takeda Foundation, Japan
Mitsuru Suemori, Senior Advisor, Japan International cooperation Agency, Japan
Myint Wai, Chairman, Myanmar Association of Japan Alumni, Myanmar
Miyoko Watanabe， Assistant General Manager, Innovation Promotion Division, Toshiba,
Japan
Naoya Abe, Associate Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Norio Ohto, Senior Managing Director, Takeda Foundation, JapanOM Romny, Director, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Cambodia
Osamu Kobayashi, Director, Singapore Officer, Japan Science and Technology Agency,
Japan
Osamu Karatsu, Chairman, Takeda Foundation, Japan
Patarapong Intarakumnerd, Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies,
Thailand
Tatang Taufik, Deputy Chairman, Agency for Assessment and Development ofTechnology, Indonesia

5Takashi Watanabe, Professor, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan
Saykhong SAYNASINE, Vice President, National University of Laos, Laos
Seetharam Kallidaikurichi, Principal Operations Coordination Specialist,

Asian

Development Bank
Shigeru Futamura, Counselor, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology, Japan
Shininchi Kobayashi, Professor, Tsukuba University, Japan
Shinichi Noyori, Secretary General, Honda Foundation, Japan
Suguru Ishiguro, Manager, Research Partnership for Sustainable Development Division,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
Teruo Kishi, Advisor, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan
Tateo Arimoto, Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Japan
Toshihisa Adachi, President & CEO, ITOCHU Technology Ventures
Vicente Belizario, Executive Director of the National Institutes of Health, Vice Chancellor
for Research, University of Philippines Manila, the Philippines
Wilaiporn Chetanachan, Director of Corporate Technology Office of the Siam Cement
PCL, Thailand
William Hong, Engineer Hong Equipment and Development Corporation, the Philippines
Wiwut Tanthapanichakoon, Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Xue Jinjun, Professor, School of Economics, Nagoya University, Japan
Yoshio Matsumi, Advisory Member, ITOCHU Corporation

6

APPENDIX 1EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCROSS-BORDER MOVEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES
Takaki Noro
Institute for Future Engineering
I

World Trends
Cross-border movement of researchers has been accelerated as open innovation andthe globalization progress. The cross-border movement of students also has been
accelerated, and the largest source of the studying abroad students is Asia. Current
trends of the cross-border movement of students has changed from the pattern that
Asia-Oceania students mainly move to developed countries such as the US andEurope.
(i) Currently, the regional movement within Asia is expanded, especially among
Japan-China-Korea and between China and ASEAN (especially between China and
ASEAN 3 countries including Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand), while themovement from Asia-Oceania to the western countries (especially English speaking
countries) is also expanded.
(ii) The movement from Middle East and African countries to Asia is also expanded.
(iii) Ninety percent of the moving students are privately funded, and they choose
targeting countries based on their own strategies and favors.
II

Policy Measures
Many countries including newly developing countries adopt policy measures to attract

highly talented human resources and improve research environment in order to create
innovation based on science and technology. Especially these countries focus on
attracting top-leveled researchers as well as post-doctoral researchers. They also adopt
policy measures to assist returning of working abroad researchers such as “Backing
Australia’s Ability (Australia), and the International Reintegration Grants and European
Reintegration Grants of the Marie Curie Program of EU. In Asia, China and Thailand as
well as Korea develop new research posts and improve research environment to callback working abroad researchers.
III

Regional measures
Countries and universities of the Asia-Pacific Area have developed an international

voluntary association named UMAP (University Mobility in Asia and Pacific) which aims
7

to facilitate the free movement of students in the region. Although UMAP focuses the
movement of undergraduate students, they plan to extend the current program to the
movement of young researchers. UMAP members include Australia, Brunei, Cambodia,
Canada, Chile, China, Ecuador, Fiji, Guam, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea,
Macao, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru,
Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor, the US, and Vietnam.
There is an agreement between APEC countries for the purposes of recognizing“substantial equivalence” of professional competence in engineering. It is called APEC
Engineer Agreement. APEC countries can apply to become members of the agreement
by demonstrating that they have systems which allow the competence of engineers tobe assessed to the agreed international standard set by the APEC Engineer agreement.
Approved engineers can freely travel within the region without applying for visa. APEC
Engineer program is an extension of APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) which allows
registered business men to freely travel on business within the region. In 2000, seven
APEC countries and economy including Japan, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Korea,
Malaysia, and New Zealand became members of the APEC Engineer program. Later,
another seven countries and economy joined the program. They are Indonesia, thePhilippines, the US, Thailand, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, and Russia.
ASEAN plans to accomplish economic integration by 2015 which aims to facilitate
free movement of goods, services, and people within the region. At present, people from
7 countries except Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia can visit each other without applying
for visa. In 2015, they plan to extend the current visa waiver arrangement to the whole
region, and try to establish regional visa for visitors from outside ASEAN.
EU has developed several exchange programs that facilitate international exchangeof students and researchers within the region, which include ERASMUS (European
Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students) Program, Marie Curie
Action, and NORDFORSK Program. Especially, Marie Curies Action provides various
sub-programs including short and long term exchange of students and researchers,calling back of working abroad researchers, and promotion of employment. In 2009, EUestablished the Blue Card system. The Blue Card is an approved EU-wide work permit
which allows high-skilled non-EU citizens to work and live in any country within theregion except Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom.The Blue Card offers a
one-track procedure for non-EU citizens to apply for a work permit, which would be valid
for up to two-years.

8IV

Challenges
While ASEAN will free the movement of human resources within the region by 2015as a result of economic integration, there seems to be no significant actions toward thefree movement of human resources between ASEAN and outside ASEAN. It will benecessary to facilitate the cross-border movement of human resources at least within
the East Asian region. APEC Engineer program is a very important program bridging
Asia and Pacific and can be extended to the East Asia. However their requirements for
qualification are too high to facilitate the free movement of human resources.
Although there are some international exchange programs for students, there is no suchprograms for researchers.
V

Proposal(iv) Establish regional arrangement to facilitate the cross-border movement of humanresources between SEAN and outside ASEAN (East Asia) by 2015 when ASEAN
will accomplish economic integration.
(v) APEC Engineer program should be extended to general researchers including
post-doctoral researchers, and the membership should be extended to the East Asia
region.
(vi) Establish programs to support the movement of human resources by developing
networks among public funding agencies and private foundations.

9APPENDIX 2

October 19, 2012

Cross-Borders Funding Mechanisms
Osamu Kobayashi
Director, Singapore Office
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)In the “International Policy Dialogue on Regional Collaboration in Science andTechnology in Asia 2012 (IPDCSTA2012)” to be held between 19th and 20th of October
2012 in Tokyo, the topic how to develop novel funding mechanisms for facilitating
regional collaborative researches will be one of the main discussion points. Some
examples of the funding mechanisms to be provided here would be some help of the
discussion as reference materials. All of them can support regional collaborative
researches/activities according to their own objectives regardless of nationalboundaries.
Namely,1.

ASEAN Foundation

2.

TEMASEK Foundation

3.

EU Framework Programme 7 (FP7)4.

Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP)

5.

Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiatives (DNDi)

I would like to introduce these organizations basically from the points of;
1. Background Outline and Purpose of Establishment
2. Funding Programmes
3. Donors
4. Recipients10

I. ASEAN Foundation (NPO)
1. Background Outline and Purpose of Establishment(1) Outline:
In recognition of the fundamental importance of improving the livelihoods and well-beingof the peoples of Southeast Asia, the ASEAN Foundation was established by the
ASEAN Leaders in 1997 in Kuala Lumpur to help bring about shared prosperity and asustainable future to all 10 ASEAN Member Countries, namely, Brunei Darussalam,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
and Viet Nam.
On the same day, the ASEAN Leaders reaffirmed their commitment to this purpose with
the ASEAN Vision 2020 which foresees “ASEAN as a concert of Southeast Asian
nations, outward looking, living in peace, stability and prosperity, bonded together inpartnership in dynamic development and in a community of caring societies, as well as
a community conscious of its history, aware of its cultural heritage and bound by acommon regional identity." The ASEAN Vision 2020 also stipulated to “use the ASEAN
Foundation as one of the instruments to address issues of unequal economic
development, poverty and socio-economic disparities.”
The ASEAN foundation is mandated to undertake a two-fold mission:

to promote greater awareness of ASEAN, and greater interaction among thepeoples of ASEAN as well as their wider participation in ASEAN’s activities interalia through human resources development that will enable them to realize their fullpotential and capacity to contribute to progress of ASEAN Member States as
productive and responsible members of the society.



to endeavor to contribute to the evolution of a development cooperation strategy
that promotes mutual assistance, equitable economic development, and thealleviation of poverty.

(2) Organization:
The headquarters of the Foundation shall be in the Republic of Indonesia (stipulated in
ARTICLE II of ASEAN Foundation MoU) The Host Country (Indonesia) shall extend to
the Foundation, the Executive Director and the Staff who hold diplomatic status suchprivileges and immunities as may be necessary for the performance of their duties.

11- Organization Chart of ASEAN Foundation (as of May 2009)Board of Trustees

Executive Director

Secretariat

Head of Programs

Head of Financeand Administration

IT Systems
Engineer

Accounting Officer

Finance Officer

ProgramCordinator

Human Resource
and Administration

Program Officer

Program Officer

Program AssistantProgram Assistant

The Board of Trustees is made up of one representative each from the ASEAN Member
Countries, along with the Secretary-General of ASEAN, and the Executive Director,
both as ex-officio members. The Board of Trustees formulates the guidelines andprocedures for all the activities of the Foundation, has responsible for the Fund of theFoundation, approves all projects seeking support from the Fund of the Foundation; andapproves the annual operational budget.
2. Funding Programmes(1)Outline:
In view of the fact that industries and economies of the future will more and more be
dependent on human skills and knowledge, the ASEAN Foundation deems that themost beneficial and effective means to attain its objectives would be by focusing on
human resources development activities or projects such as education, training,seminars, workshops, exchanges, network-building, fellowships and information
dissemination.
To accomplish its objectives, the ASEAN Foundation carries out a range of activities
that help solve urgent regional problems, including to:
1. organize and support activities to promote education, training (including in theareas of science and technology), health and cultural life;122. provide assistance to uplift the social condition of the peoples in the ASEAN
Member States;
3. provide fellowships to and support exchanges of ASEAN youths and students;
4. promote collaborative work among academics, professionals and scientists;
5. implement projects assigned by ASEAN Leaders or Ministers( partially quoted from ARTICLE V of MoU)
(2)Project Examples:
1) Promoting ASEAN Awareness“Enhancing Youth Awareness through Information Technology” （Project No. 099）
Implementing Agency: ASEAN Foundation and DLSU-CREM, Philippines
2) Interaction Among ASEAN Stakeholder“7th ASEAN Science & Technology Week: participation of ASEAN Scientist at the 2nd
ASEAN Science Congress and Sub-Committee Conference”（Project No. 082）
Implementing Agency: Indonesia State Ministry of Research and Technology of the
Republic of Indonesia
3) Developing Human Resources“Human Resource Development in Geographic Information System and Remote
Sensing for the Forestry Personnel of ASEAN Countries”（Project No. 101）
Implementing Agency: Forestry Department, Malaysia (FDPM), Malaysia
4) Reduce Poverty
Communication Information System for the Control of Avian Influenza in Lao PDR and
Viet Nam (CISCAI)（Project No. 111）
Implementing Agency: ASEAN Foundation Secretariat
3. Donors
The Fund of the Foundation shall come from the contributions, including that of ASEAN
Member States, private corporations and other foundations or individuals1.（ARTICLE
VII 3 of MoU）
Funding from ASEAN governments currently totals US$ 4.3 million. Funds remitted by
Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, have been earmarked for theFoundation's Endowment Fund, while those from the remaining countries have been

13

allocated for operational expenses. A major source of funding contribution came fromJapan (referred to as the Japan - ASEAN Solidarity Fund). Additional contributions havecome from the governments of China, Korea, and France and IDRC of Canada, as wellas Microsoft Corporation and Hewlett-Packard.
(1)ASEAN member countries:(2)Other supporting countries and donors:
1) Japan (Japan-ASEAN Solidarity Fund): USD 20 million in1999
2) The People's Republic of China: USD 200,000 in 1999
3) Republic of Korea: USD 200,000 in 1999
4) International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada: approx. USD 150,000(in kind mainly computer hardware), CAD800,000 (approximately USD 513,000) in 2003
& USD 60,000 in 2005
5) France: € 33,000 in 2004 and € 30,000 for project-basis
6) Microsoft Corporation: USD 39,500 in 2005.
7) Hewlett-Packard
Contributions made to the Foundation shall be paid into any of the Endowment Account,
Operational Account or the Projects Account, as specified by the donors. If unspecified
by the donors, the contributions shall be paid into the Endowment Account. （ARTICLE
VII 4

of MoU）

4. Recipients
Academic, cultural, economic, social and other relevant government institutions andbona fide non-governmental organizations of ASEAN member countries shall be eligible
for assistance from the Foundation in conformity with its stated objectives. （partiallyquoted ARTICLE VI of MoU）

II. TEMASEK Foundation (NPO)
1. Background Outline and Purpose of Establishment
Temasek Foundation (TF) is a Singapore philanthropic organization set up by “Temasek
Holdings”1 to build a more prosperous, stable and connected Asia through developing
human and social capital. Temasek Holdings has committed over S$1 billion forcommunity, philanthropic and public good causes. Of this, S$500 million was endowed
to the Temasek Trust in May 2007 for TF.

14

Working with expertise institutions from Singapore and the region, TF supports training
programmes in health care, education, public administration and disaster-preparedness
and programmes that promote positive networks of cooperation in and acrosscommunities in Asia.
TF has committed almost S$100 million over the last five years to support 139
programmes in 17 countries in Asia, and Rwanda.
Purpose and Mission of TF are to contribute to a bright future of hope and opportunities
for people in a connected and prosperous Asia by:

Developing People through Health Care, Education and Research;

Building Bridges between peoples;

Building Institutions of Excellence through Governance and Ethics; andRebuilding Lives and Livelihoods affected by Natural Disasters

As an organization anchored in Singapore, TF’s work is mainly focused in Asia. The
programmes span all corners of a bustling and vibrant Asia, filled with opportunities for
greater cooperation, learning and networking. Through the programmes, TF contributes
towards a more thriving and prosperous Asia.
2. Funding Programmes(1)Prioritized Areas:

Developing People : Health Care
Community Health and Clinical Care Management
Dealing with public health issues to raise standards of community care

Developing People : Education
Technical and Vocational Education and Training
Enhancing the capabilities of the skilled workforce to be more employable andrelevant in meeting the needs of the industry

Building Bridges
Student Leaders Exchange Programmes
Learning cuts across all cultures and these students embody the true spirit oflearning15

Building Institutions
Public-Private Partnership Frameworks
Empowering public institutions to develop governance frameworks for
public-private partnerships



Rebuilding Lives Post-disasters
Wall-Strengthening Techniques ｆor Seismic-Prone Regions
Helping communities in seismic-prone regions to strengthen their buildings
Overview of Total Foundation Grants (May 2007 - Dec 2011) (Unit S$ Million)

Developing People: Health Care

15.1 (16%)

Developing People: Education

42.1 (45%)

Building Bridges

10.8 (12%)

Building Institutions

18 (19%)Rebuilding Lives

7.9 (8%)Foundation Grants:
FY07/08

S$15.5M (14 programmes)

FY08/09

S$17.9M (32 programmes)

FY09/10

S$19.6M (35 programmes)

FY10/11

S$20.7M (26 programmes)

One example of public management training is the programme for senior officials in thearea of transportation planning and management in Danang, Vietnam. Lessons fromSingapore’s experience in transportation planning will assist the Vietnamese officials totailor their local urban transportation development plans.
Another example is the interest of Mathla’ul Anwar in Indonesia to set up a model
Islamic school for its network of over 900 madrasahs (non-boarding Islamic schools) inwestern Java. TF partnered Madrasah Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiah in Singapore to train
Mathla’ul Anwar educators in curriculum development and pedagogy, and share bestpractices to develop the new school, which Mathla’ul Anwar could then adapt forIndonesia’s needs.

16Since 2007, TF’s Leadership Enrichment and Regional Networking Programme enabledover 1,000 students from 47 cities in Asia to develop a better appreciation of Asiansocio-political issues.
TF’s values for implementing programmes are as follows;
Meritocracy: to support programmes based on merit and outcomes, and to recognize
and reward our team members based on merit and performance.
Excellence: passionate about delivering results through relevant and effective
programmes, always aiming for excellence in our work.
Respect for People: to accord respect to individuals, communities and our fellow teammembers, and treat all as valued partners.
Integrity: to apply the highest ethical and professional standards in our conduct,communication and decision-making.
Innovation: to constantly look for ways to improve and innovate, and foster anenvironment that helps us learn from our successes and failures.
Teamwork: to value the diverse strengths of our partners and fellow team members, andharness these to achieve our shared purpose and vision.
Expertise partners, primarily from Singapore, include educational institutions, nursing
schools and academies and public policy and public administration agencies. They
contribute their knowledge and experience in designing programmes that areoutcomes-focused, with an emphasis on “multiplying”, or continuously sharing the newknowledge and skills gained.
The local host communities are engaged in formulating the programmes with theirintimate knowledge of their immediate and long-term priorities, the state of development
and what progress they would like to see in their communities. The close consultation
with the host community partners, who are the key agents of change, also ensures thatthe programmes are customised to their needs, creating a meaningful and relevant
learning journey. It also encourages a strong sense of co-ownership among all partners
in working towards a shared goal of building a shared future in Asia.
3. Donors
Temasek Trust: S$500 million in 20071

Apart from the initial endowment gift of S$500 million from Temasek Holdings,

17

Temasek Trust has continued to receive additional gifts for each year of positive
wealth Temasek Holdings achieves in future. Such donations have added to theendowment in Temasek Trust, or been designated for specific uses. The Trust may
also receive gifts from third parties for general endowment or specific purposes, but
has not been actively soliciting donations from third party sources.
4. Recipients
14 Countries for country-specific programmes, such as Bhutan, Cambodia, China,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam and more nations for capacity-building
programmes.

III. EU Framework Programme 7 (FP7) (International Organization)
1. Background Outline and Purpose of Establishment
The 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development will lastfor seven years from 2007until 2013. The programme has a total budget of € 53.2
billion.
FP7 is a key tool to respond to Europe's needs in terms of jobs and competitiveness,and to maintain leadership in the global knowledge economy.
Most part of this money will be spent on grants to research actors all over Europe andbeyond, in order to co-finance research, technological development and demonstration
projects. Grants are determined on the basis of calls for proposals and a peer review
process, which are highly competitive.
In order to complement national research programmes, activities funded from FP7 musthave a “European added value”. One key aspect of the European added value is thetransnationality of many actions: research projects are carried out by consortia which
include participants from different European (and other) countries; fellowships in FP7
require mobility over national borders. Many research challenges are so complex thatthey can only be addressed at European level.
The Framework Programmes for Research have two main strategic objectives:• to strengthen the scientific and technological base of European industry;• to encourage its international competitiveness, while promoting research that
supports EU policies.
The EU policies of developing research for the global knowledge-based economy focus

18

increasingly on collaborative research, both within the EU and with external research
partners. Coordinating national or European teams, setting up research networks, andincreasing the mobility of individual researchers are at the heart of such policies.
Bringing together research teams from different countries is also a way of countering thefragmented nature of the European research landscape.
2. Funding Programmes(1)Cooperation -Top down Research and Technological Development (RTD) Collaborative projects in the following 10 areas and interdisciplinary research.
1. Health
2. Food, agriculture and biotechnology (KBBE)
3. Information and communication technologies (ICT)4. Nanosciences, nanotechnologies, materials and new production technologies (NMP)
5. Energy
6. Environment (including climate change)
7. Transport (including aeronautics)
8. Socio-economic sciences and the humanities (SSH)
9. Security
10. Space(2)Ideas -Bottom up Frontier RTDSupports frontier research and proof of concept, coordinated by the European ResearchCouncil (ERC).
(3)People -Bottom up MobilityMarie Curie Actions: development of human resources and career, life-long training
EURAXESS: job search, information service, assistance, networking.
(4)Capacities -Top down Capacity BuildingIncrease of research capacity for the realization of knowledge based economy.
1. Research infrastructures
2. Research for the benefit of SMEs
3. Regions of Knowledge
4. Research Potential
5. Science in Society
6. Activities of International Cooperation
7. Coherent development of policies(5)Euratom -NuclearIndependent programme for peaceful application of nuculear energy: Fusion energy

19research, nuclear fission and radiation protection(FP7 Tomorrow’s answers start today)

3. Donors
27 EU member states, 14 associated countries and areas, Norway, Iceland,
Liechtenstein, Turkey, Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia,

20Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Switzerland, Israel, Faroe Islands,
Republic of Moldova
4. Recipients
Research groups at universities or research institutes, companies, SMEs, public orgovernmental administration (local, regional or national), early-stage researchers(postgraduate students), experienced researchers, institutions running research
infrastructures of transnational interest, organizations and researchers from third
countries, international organizations and civil society organizations etc. from any
country in the world.
The procedures for participation and funding possibilities vary for different groups ofcountries.
The EU Member States enjoy the broadest rights and access to funding. The same
conditions apply to Member States and to countries associated to FP7 (countries paying
a share to the overall budget of FP7).
Another important group are the International Cooperation Partner Countries (e.g.
Russia and other Eastern European and Central Asian states, developing countries,
Mediterranean partner countries, Western Balkans countries). Participants from thesecountries are entitled to funding under the same conditions as EU Member States.
The only restriction for them is that consortia must first have the required minimum
number of participants from Member States or associated countries.
Participation from industrialized high-income countries is also possible on aself-financing basis, with EU funding granted only in exceptional cases (Limited direct
participation, eg. International Incoming Fellowship (IIF)).

IV. Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) (International Organization)
1. Background Outline and Purpose of Establishment
The Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) is unique, supporting international
collaboration to undertake innovative, risky, basic research at the frontier of the life
sciences. Special emphasis is given to the support and training of independent young
investigators, beginning at the postdoctoral level. The Program is implemented by the
Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO)1, an international organization
with its office in Strasbourg, supported financially by Australia, Canada, France,
Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland,
the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and the European Union.

21

Since 1990, over 6,000 awards have been made to researchers from more than 70
countries. Of these, 18 HFSP awardees have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize.
2. Funding Programmes(1)Long-Term Fellowships– for young scientists within three years of obtaining their Ph.D who wish to broaden
their scientific experience in a foreign laboratory.
(2)Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships– modeled on the Long-Term Fellowships but specifically for scientists with Ph.Ds in
non-biological disciplines who seek training in the life sciences.
(3)Career Development Awards– for former HFSP Fellows to help them set up their own independent laboratories in thehome country or another HFSP member country.
(4)Young Investigator Grants– grants for interdisciplinary teams of young researchers who are within the first five
years of their first independent positions and located in different countries.
(5) Program Grants– for interdisciplinary teams of researchers in different countries at any stage of theircareers.
3. Donors
Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, New
Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States of America andthe European Union

22

HESPO FY2011 Income (Unit: USD Million)

0.62 1.61
9.93

0.56

0.92

6.25
2.70

2.01

0.12

5.04

USD
57.588M

0.72

0.91
1.41

24.77
(HFSP Annural Report FY2011)

AU

CA

EU

FR

DE

IN

IT

JP

KR

NZ

NO

CH

UK

US

4. Recipients
Since 1990, over 6,000 awards have been made to researchers from more than 70
countries.

Distribution of Award Payments HESP Major Programme FY2011 (Unit: USD Million)

1.86

1.82

2.03
6.25

3.48

19.73
USD
57.588M

6.35

0.20
0.87

4.02

5.84

0.12

3.16
0.08

AU

CA

EU

FR

DE

IN

IT

JP

KR

23

NZ

NO

(HFSP Annural Report FY2011)

0.37
CH

UK

US

Non-MSPs

V. Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiatives (DNDi) (NPO)
1. Background Outline and Purpose of Establishment(1)Outline:
In 1999, recognising the paucity of effective drugs in the world’s poorer regions where
they worked, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) brought together a team of international
experts to study the crisis in drug research and development (R&D) for neglecteddiseases. This “Drugs for Neglected Diseases working group” analysed the causes of
the crisis, and in developing innovative strategies to ensure the development of new
and affordable medicines for neglected diseases, recommended the creation of a new
initiative, DNDi. In 2003, 7 organisations from around the world joined forces toestablish DNDi: 5 public sector institutions1, one humanitarian organisation, Médecinssans Frontières (MSF) and one international research organisation, the UNDP/World
Bank/WHO’s Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR),
which acts as a permanent observer to the initiative. They are Founding Partners. The
Drugs for Neglected Diseases Working Group approached and secured theparticipation of Founding Partners on the basis of their historical involvement in tropicaldiseases, and their interest and expertise in different aspects of R&D for neglecteddiseases, including advocacy, discovery and drug development. The social mission of
the various organizations and their proximity to the needs of patients were also vitalconsiderations. DNDi is a collaborative, patients’ needs-driven, non-profit drug researchand development (R&D) organization that is developing new treatments for Neglected
Diseases.
(2)Vision:
To improve the quality of life and the health of people suffering from neglected diseases
by using an alternative model to develop drugs for these diseases and by ensuring
equitable access to new and field-relevant health tools.
In this not-for-profit model, driven by the public sector, a variety of players collaborate toraise awareness of the need to research and develop drugs for those neglecteddiseases that fall outside the scope of market-driven R&D. They also build public
responsibility and leadership in addressing the needs of these patients.
(3)Objective:
The primary objective of DNDi is to deliver a total of 11 to 13 new treatments by 2018 forleishmaniasis, sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, malaria, paediatric HIV, and specific24helminth infections and to establish a strong R&D portfolio that addresses patient needs.
Expanding upon R&D networks built on South-South and North-South collaborations,
DNDi aims to bring medical innovation to neglected patients by developing
field-adapted treatments.
DNDi has two further objectives:

Use and strengthen existing capacities in disease-endemic countries via project
implementation

Raise awareness about the need to develop new drugs for neglected diseases
and advocate for increased public responsibility.

2. Funding Programmes(1)Concept:
To develop new drugs, or new formulations of existing drugs, for patients suffering fromthe most neglected communicable diseases. Acting in the public interest, DNDi willbridge existing R&D gaps in essential drugs for these diseases by initiating andcoordinating drug R&D projects in collaboration with the international researchcommunity, the public sector, the pharmaceutical industry, and other relevant partners.
DNDi’s primary focus has been the development of drugs for the most neglecteddiseases, such as human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, or sleeping sickness), visceralleishmaniasis (kala-azar), and Chagas disease, while considering engagement in R&D
projects for other neglected diseases or development of diagnostics and/or vaccines toaddress unmet needs that others are unable or unwilling to address.
In pursuing these goals, DNDi will manage R&D networks built on South-South andNorth-South collaborations. While using the existing support capacities in countries
where the diseases are endemic, DNDi will help to build additional capacity in asustainable manner through technology transfer in the field of drug R&D for neglecteddiseases.
DNDi has been building a strong R&D portfolio with the objective to deliver a total of 11
to 13 new treatments by 2018 for leishmaniasis, sleeping sickness, Chagas disease,malaria, paediatric HIV, and specific helminth infections Malaria.

25

2011 R&D Expenditure by disease

Leishmaniasis Projects

4%
28%

24%

HAT Projects
Malaria Projects

EUR
20.1M

Chagas disease Projects

11%

New Diseases: Helminth
infections and paediatric HIV

33%(DNDi Annural Report 2011)(2)Virtual R&D Organisation:
DNDi does not have any research facilities and does not directly conduct research todevelop its treatments.
DNDi will follow the virtual research mode, whereby most research is outsourced with
the R&D projects actively managed by DNDi personnel experienced in different aspectsof pharmaceutical development.
DNDi will proactively identify research opportunities that have the highest potential to betranslated into improved treatment options, source the research project into its portfolio,build the full development plan, identify and contract the appropriate partners for eachstep in the development process, and manage the efficient advancement of the projectthroughout the pipeline.
(3)IP Policy:
DNDi has various types of agreements with its partners worldwide, such as ResearchServices Agreements, Material Transfer Agreements, Research and License
Agreements, Collaboration Agreements, Clinical Trial Agreements, and Financial
Agreements.
Technical Agreements regulate financial transactions for precise services within acontractual framework. Material Transfer Agreements provide access to compounds for26

testing in which no access clause with the provider is negotiated. In addition to these
Agreements, DNDi seeks to conclude Research and License Agreements with key
partners which involve a greater commitment from both parties. The core of these
agreements concern IP ownership (generally owned by the partner and in some cases
co-owned), and licensing clauses. Several conditions are required to ensure availability
and affordability of the treatment and respect of DNDi’s IP policy objectives. As a
not-for-profit and patient-needs driven organization, DNDi seeks transparency toefficiently address urgent patient needs. Therefore, the licenses should be: royalty-free to ensure the lowest possible price sub-licensable, or in other terms, contain the authorization to disclose the obtained

information to another party in order to continue product development
 worldwide coverage both for R&D and for manufacture non-exclusive to enable third parties to enter the field (included in our mostinnovative agreements)
 limited confidentiality to make available all information generated on the productduring its development in the form of publications or databases.
R&D Partners and Subcontractors per Region
102 partners and subcontractors participated in advancing the DNDi portfolio in 2011.
44 among them are operating in Europe, 24 in America, 22 in Asia and 12 in Africa.
3. Donors
Public Institution, Private institution, Private Foundations and Private Individual as
DonorsTo allow the organization flexibility and sustainability, while preserving its independence,
DNDi seeks to ensure balanced and diversified financial support from public and private
donors; Private: Public = 51:49 as of January 2012.

27

Cumulative donations committed to DNDi and/or received by 2011 (in EUR)
Total Commitment
Total Commitment
Donors(Amount)(Ratio)Médecins Sans Frontières
44,854,973
24.41%
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
43,720,379
23.80%UK Government DFID
33,890,896
18.45%
Dutch Government DGIS
16,975,000
9.24%
Spanish Government AECID
French Government MAEE /AFD
German Government
Swiss Government SDC
Wellcome Trust UK
USA Government NIH/NIAID

12,000,000
9,255,000
9,000,000
3,202,691
1,999,801
1,833,189

6.53%
5.04%
4.90%
1.74%
1.09%
1.00%

Medicor Foundation
European Union, FP5, FP6, FP7,EDCTP
Canton of Geneva
UBS Optimus Foundation
Global Fund (AMFM)

1,719,424
1,216,134
1,117,401
791,045518,205

0.94%
0.66%
0.61%
0.43%
0.28%

Various private donors
Sandoz Family Foundation
Sasakawa Peace Foundation
Tuscany Region
Wellspring Advisors

436,417
308,700
241,336
200,000
170,060

0.24%
0.17%
0.13%
0.11%
0.09%

Starr International Foundation
Anonymous donation
Total Donations (EUR)

141,388138,108
183,730,147

0.08%
0.08%
100.00%(DNDi Annual Report 2011)

4. Recipients (Partners and subcontractors)
Partners and subcontractors are, Pharmaceuticals (Astra Zeneca, Eisai, Merck & Co,
Pfizer Limited etc.), Biotechs, Universities (Addis Ababa University (Ethiopia), Brasilia
University (Brazil) Imperial College (UK) etc.), University "Spin-off", Research institutes,
National

Research

Centres,

NGOs/IOs,

PDPs/PPPs,

Hospitals, Ministries

Health/Governmental organizations, Contract Research Organizations (CROs).

(Reference)
1. ASEAN Foundation webpage
http://www.aseanfoundation.org/index2.php?main=publications.php

28of

2. “Revised Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of the ASEAN Foundation”
3. “Working Towards Building the ASEAN Community” ASEAN Foundation Annual Report 2010
4. TEMASEK Foundation webpage
http://www.temasekfoundation.org.sg/
5. “Building Leadership for Community Impact” TEMASEK Foundation Annual Report
2010/2011
6. TEMASEK Holdings webpage
http://www.temasek.com.sg/
7. TEMASEK Trust webpage
http://www.temasektrust.org.sg/
7. European Commission FP7 Programme webpage
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/home_en.html
8. “FP7 in Brief”
9. “FP7 Tomorrow’s answers start today”
10.“FP7, HORIZON2020 and Japan” at J-BILAT 2012 Seminar No.2, Dr.Toshiyasu ICHIOKA,
J-BILAT project manager,EU-Japan Centre for Industrial Cooperation
11. Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) webpage
http://www.hfsp.org/
12. HFSP Annual Report FY2011
13. Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiatives (DNDi) webpage
http://www.dndi.org/
14.Charter of the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiatives (DNDi)
15. DNDi Annual Report 2011

29

APPENDIX 3

Executive Summary
A Preliminary Study on
the Development of International Open Innovation ResearchCenters in Asia
Yoshio Matsumi

Innovation is a key driver of economic growth, strengthening of international
competitiveness, and improvement of quality of life. When the world economy is instalemate or malaise, each nation is accelerating its efforts for innovation, making it animportant part of growth strategy. Global innovation competition is intensifying.

Aseloquently stated in the recent American book entitled “ Reverse Innovation: Create far
from home, win everywhere “, the global dynamics of innovation are changing. No
longer will innovation traverse the globe in only one direction, from developed nations todeveloping ones. It will also flow in reverse. Innovating for emerging markets to meetand satisfy needs in emerging countries, rather than simply exporting, can unlock aworld of opportunities for corporations.
Science and technology are a driving force of innovation that means the creation of newsocial and economic values. Today traditional closed inward-looking research anddevelopment are no longer sufficient anymore when globalization is developing, when
global challenges are becoming more complex, and when scientific and technologicaldisciplinesaremelding.

Under

such

circumstances,international

university-industry-government collaborations in R & D are becoming increasingly more
important. For more than a decade, large scale international open innovation researchcollaborations on a university-industry-government basis have been under way at
SUNY Albany in the United States, MINATEC in France and IMEC in Belgium. In suchresearch collaborations researchers of universities and corporations from a number ofcountries have been co-located in the same campuses. Advanced facilities andlaboratory equipment have been shared and used openly. International collaborations
have been developing not only in scientific research but also in talent development,
capacity building and networking expansion. It is time for both developed and emerging
countries to execute international and multilateral open innovation researchcollaborations on a university-industry-government basis, inviting different value
judgments and wisdom as well as diversity.

30Large scale international open innovation research centers (IOIRC) similar to the onesin the U.S. and Europe do not exist in Asia. If the efforts made at this International Policy
Dialogue on Collaboration in Science and Technology in Asia result in launchinginternational open innovation research centers in Asia with objectives to respond to andsolve global challenges and local needs, there will be high expectations that such
centers will realize innovation and contribute to development of Asia by combining
diverse knowledge, wisdom and capability of Asian people. In the Workshop I Session 3,
it is desirable to discuss direction and measures for establishing international open
innovation research centers in Asia. I myself and the other Japanese speakers who willaddress three specific ideas on Asia IOIRCs will welcome and appreciate comments orsuggestions from participants from various countries of Asia. It is advisable to continue
dialogues and discussions about realistic measures for implementation of Asia IOIRC
scheme even after this workshop
The first idea is an increasing multilateral collaboration between the National Institute ofMaterials Science of Japan (NIMS) and Asian countries. To date NIMS has alreadybeen actively developing cooperation with Thailand and China. It has also been working
together with South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Malaysia and Vietnam throughAsia Nano Forum. But NIMS apparently has a strong interest in launching collaborations
with business firms of Asia and expanding collaborations on a multilateral basis. NIMS
is also eager for two way exchanges with Asian researchers. NIMS currently operates
five international open innovation centers including International Center for Materials
Nano-architectonics and Center of Materials Research for Low Carbon Emission. A
realistic approach to international open innovation collaborations using the existing
facilities like the ones of NIMS should be beneficial to every party.
The second idea is an international collaboration between Tsukuba Innovation Arena ofJapan (TIA) and Asian countries. About 100 companies participate in TIA’s 17 research
projects in nano-electronics, power electronics, N-MEMS, nano-green, and carbon
nanotubes. About 300 corporate researchers are co-located at TIA. Participation byindustry is a very important aspect of TIA. TIA is interested in welcoming more Asian
researchers to Tsukuba, Japan and having them use the modern facilities andequipment at TIA to conduct research on nanotechnology for green innovation. TIA has
an interest in more international joint R & D that can provide the best utilization of the
TIA facilities. If TIA and Asian countries can develop open innovation nanotechnology
research on a multilateral and university-industry-government basis in energy and31environment, every party can be expected to benefit significantly.
The third idea we will discuss today is the establishment of an international open
innovation research center on renewable energy and next generation biomass energy inparticular in Thailand. In coping with global warming and developing green economy,
renewable energy is expected to play a major role in reducing greenhouse effect gas
emission, replacing fossil fuel energy in the future. About 40% of world’s biomass
reserves are available in Asia. Several countries in Asia including Thailand haveexpressed a strong interest in the strategic development of biomass and its application
to fuels from the perspectives of energy security and conservation of environment. It
appears highly advisable to pursue the launching of an international open innovation
renewable energy research center in Thailand on next generation technology forbio-diesel fuels from biomass, opto-synthesis, energy from algae and bio-refinery.
Technology-rich countries and resource-rich economies of Asia could work together onvitally important renewable energy in Thailand, which is located in the center of South
East Asia. The renewable energy research collaboration in Thailand could get started at
an existing facility in Thailand with the participations of other Asian countries andeventually launch a new IOIRC in future.
It should be noted that there are two critical factors for the success of international open
innovation research centers. One is funding. The other is participation by industry. As forfunding of international open innovation research centers, concerted efforts in Asia must
be made to raise and secure funds from governments, public funding organizations,private sector foundations and business firms. Various schemes such as Asia JRP,SATREPS, A-STEPS, AUN-SEEDNet should also be mobilized. Secondly industry
participation in international open innovation research collaborations is of mounting
importance. Without the active role of industry, university-industry-government
collaborations will not be able to deliver innovation to society. All the parties concerned
are urged to have industry participate in open innovation research collaborations in Asia
from an early stage.
One day discussions about the launch of international open innovation research centerswill not likely be concluded in very specific manners. Therefore, discussions must
continue through the next year so that all parties can jointly reach a final specificdecision.

32