August 2003

Academic Study of ZEF in 2002 Fiscal Year
The method on how to realize sustainable recycle‑oriented society at site(Abstract)
1 Outline
In order to plan workshops towards the sustainable society in regions, ZEF had talks
with person of local governments and industrial sector to find their interest and asked
their opinion on subjects to be studied in workshops. The majority of responses came fromlocal governments (ratio of numbers of received responses : 77%) and they showed theinterest in creating sustainable recycle‑oriented society at site. Considering the resultof this survey, ZEF decided to implement the study on the method on how to realize
sustainable recycle‑oriented society at site and organized five workshops in 2002 FY.
2 Workshops
Five workshops were carried out;
2‑1. First workshop : 27 September 2003
2‑1‑1. Lecture
Speakers
Mr. Someno MOE, Assistant Manager of Recycling Promotion Division
National Policy toward Recycling‑oriented Society
Mr. Kunitomo METI, Manager of Environmentally Harmonized Industry Promotion
Division
Promotion Policy of Environmental Business to Create Sustainable Recycling
Society
2‑1‑2. Panel Discussion : Toward the Sustainable Recycling‑oriented Society
Organizer : Dr. Sakamoto ; UNU/ZEF
Panelists : Mr. Someno ; MOE, Assistant Manager of Recycling Promotion Division
Mr. Koyari ; METI, Assistant Manager of Environment Policy Division
Mr. Funayama ; Iwate Prefecture, Assistant Manger of Recycling Division
Mr. Yamada ; Tokushima Prefecture, Assistant Manager of Recycling Division
Mr. Akamatsu ; Fuji Electric Co.
2‑2. Second workshop : 18 October 2003 ( at Tachikawa Town, Yamagata Prefecture)
2‑2‑1. Inspection of sites : Compost production works and wind power generation plant
2‑2‑2. Lecture
Speakers
Mr. Seino ; Tachikwa Town, Mayor
How to Create Environmentally Friendly Town in Rural Site
Dr. Yamaji ; ZEF, Chairman
Zero Emissions and Promotion of Eco‑industry and Eco‑tourism
2‑2‑3. Panel discussion
Organizer : Dr. Sakamoto ; UNU/ZEF
Panelists : Mr. Konta ; Tachikawa Town, General Director
Mr. Abe ; Tachikawa Town , Assistant Manager
Others2‑3. Third workshop : 14 and 15 November 2003 ( at Kitakyushu City )2‑3‑1. Inspection of Kitakyushu Eco‑town
2‑3‑2. Lecture1

Speakers

Mr. Kakisako ; Kitakyushu City, Director
Kitakyushu Eco‑town and Promotion of Eco‑business
Dr. Sakamoto ; UNU/ZEF
UNU s Zero Emissions ‑ from Launching to Future Vision
2‑3‑3. Panel discussion
Organizer : Mr. Sakka ; Kitakyushu City, Assistant Manager
Panelists : Mr. Sano ; Ministry of Environment, Manager
Mr. Ito; Aichi Prefecture, Senior Staff
Mr. Hashimoto ; Mie Prefecture, Senior Staff
Mr. Kishimoto ; NTT Research Inst., Project Manager
Mr. Noda ; NPO/Mottainai Soken, General Producer
2‑4. Fourth workshop : 2 December 2002
2‑4‑1. Lecture
Speakers
Prof. Takeuchi ; Tokyo University/Graduate School
Environmentally Harmonized Town Creation in Global Environment
Conservation Days
Mr. Kumano ; Amita Co., President
2‑4‑2. Panel discussion
Organizer Dr. Sakamoto ; UNU/ZEF
Panelists Prof. Takeuchi ; Tokyo University/Graduate School
Mr.
Sagisaka ; MOE, Director
Mr. Koike ; Mishima City, Manager of Environment Policy Office
Mr. Kumano ; Amita Co., President
Mr.
Okada ; NPO/Global Sports Alliance, Director
2‑5. Fifth workshop : 10 March 2003
2‑5‑1. Lecture
SpeakerProf. Ueta ; Kyoto University/Graduate School
Sustainability and Recycle‑oriented Society
Panel discussion
Organizer Prof. Mituhashi ; Chiba University of Commerce (ZEF)
Panelists
Prof. Ueta ; Kyoto Univrsity/Graduate School
Prof. Kimata ; Tokyo Gakugei University
Mr.
Sagisaka ; Ministry of Environment, Director of Environmental
Policy DivisionMr.
Yamazaki ; Itabashi Ward, Director of Eco‑Police Centre
Mr. Shioda ; Obayashi Construction Co. Manager of Global Environment
Office3. Summary of presentations and panel discussions
Presentations and panel discussions in five workshops including two sites inspection
are epitomized in followings.
3‑1. Government s role and work
The Government has made a law system in order to construct the recycle‑oriented society
and i ndividual laws for promoting recycling of major used goods in the industrial sector
and developing the use of recycled products in the society. Under such a law scheme, METI
puts the focus in developing the environmental industry and MOE facilitates thedissemination of environmental education in the society and supports local governments
in creating sustainable regions.
3‑2. Local governments play roles at site2

Local governments are implementing various activities such as making local laws andrestrictions under the national law system, getting consensus of people towards thesustainable society, implementing environmental education and dissemination, andsupporting practical environmental activities in citizens and business sector.
NGOs and NPOs are also playing important roles f or bridging gap of thinking and behavior
toward the sustainability in local authorities, citizens and business sector.
3‑3. Academia(three professors) gave valuable advice on construction the sustainablesociety
3‑3‑1. Non uniformity of societies and sites
Societies and sites are not uniform, but have different nature, history, culture andlifestyle. Therefore, each town and city must create their sustainable society on regional
characters such as nature, history, cultural features and industrial strength.
3‑3‑2.The socio‑economic study on the sustainable society
The socio‑economic study on the sustainability started very recently and has not beendeveloped so far. So, at present, it is impossible to tell precisely the socio‑economicsystem in such a sustainable society as addressed in Agenda 21. This issue is one of themost basic and keen item in academia and should be studied to clarify the possibility
and feature of the sustainable society from the view point of the science of economics.
3‑3‑3. Environmental education ( EE ) in Japan
EE in Japan are been promoted actively not only in schools, but also in the society.
Professors in academic institutions carry out basic study on the system and practice ofEE, implement actual dissemination and promote international cooperation activities. As
an example on international collaboration, Tokyo Gakugei University holds UNESCO/Japan
Seminar on Environmental Education in Asia‑Pacific Region under the support ofUNESCO/Japan and Ministry of Education and exchange information on EE in this region andlearn splendid ways and performances on EE in other countries. Through these wide‑ranged
activities of scholars and experts involved in EE, following common understanding has
been created in many countries.
:1. EE is one of the most important actions toward the sustainable society addressedin Agenda 21,:2. the spirit of EE is universal in all countries, but the practice of EE varies andchanges according to local and regional conditions such as nature, history, culture,economic development. Local communities must decide the best way for EE at site.
:3. It is very important that Governments evaluate the significance of EE, talk withvarious organizations and persons working for EE, decide national policy for EE promotion
and facilitate to proceed practical educational works and ways.
4 Inspection of two sites (Tachikawa Town and Kitakyushu City) and Lessons for creating
the sustainable recycle‑oriented society
In these workshops, we have studied 8 local governments and learned many lessons forcreating the sustainable society. I like to select two local communities (one is a ruralsite and the other is a highly industrialized city) as typical examples and explain theirpolicies and practices in short.
4‑1. Tachikawa Town in Yamagata PrefectureThis small town (population : about 7,000 person and forest covers 81% of land area)
has been working how to reactivate the town. Actual projects are the wind power generationand the organic rice cultivation.
4‑1‑1.Wind Power Generation
In this area, a strong wind often blows due to local geographical feature and causes
damage on agricultural industry like paddy, vegetable, fruit cultivation etc. Under thesenatural severe condition, the town thought of using the strong wind ; constructing wind3

mill station, generating electric power, selling the generated power and attracting
person to see power generation plant ( a kind of eco‑tourism). The first experiment started
in 1980 under collaboration with a public organization using small experimentalequipments(1KW and 5KW). In a next stage, the result of his experiment was succeeded tothe commercial project of constructing three 100KW mills in 1992 under the financial
support of Government. The project has been developed to install 10 wind mills systemwith a total capacity 5,000KW. Generated power by wind mills gets to 42.5% of electricdemand in the town and will become equivalent to 12.7% reduction of CO2 exhaust in 2005,of which value is over the national CO2 reduction target : 6% by a great extent.
4‑1‑2. Organic rice cultivation by utilizing compost from waste and garbage
Main industries of Tachikawa Town are rice and wood production and cattle breeding. The
town planned to produce compost by utilizing household raw garbage, rice crust and cattle
excretion. Hitherto, these wastes were abandoned in the field and forest and causedenvironmental problem. The compost plant was constructed in 1988 and has been operated
very well since then. Produced compost is used as organic fertilizer in paddy field atsite and cultivated rice is given the brand of organic rice and sold commercially in themarket with extra price. Tachikawa Town has succeeded to boost local key industry ‑ riceproduction and improve the environment.
4‑2. Kitakyushu City
Kitakyushu City made Eco‑Town plan, applied this to the Government and got the first
Eco‑Town approval by METI and MOE in 1997. The city has been promoting many projects incooperation with industrial sector, academia and citizens and made splendid businessperformances.
However, it must be stated that Kitakyushu City did not make the Eco‑town programme after
the government announced the plan at site and asked local governments to apply thisnational project. This city had hard and severe experience to overcome the pollution andenvironment problems and recover the blue sky and clean sea for a long time. As well known,
the highly industrial development in Kitakyushu came to cause various environmental
problems since late 1950s. In 1960s and early 1970s, it was reported that the blue sky
disappeared, the clean sea (Dokai Bay) was lost and many children suffered from
respiratory decease due to polluted air. Facing with these environmental difficulties,
the city authority decided the policy to solve environmental problems in collaboration
with all sectors of the city from 1970s. Through integrated effort by all stakeholders
in the city, the pollution and environmental issues were solved in late 1980s and early
1990s, the nature and environment were revived, and the blue sky and clean sea appeared
again in Kitakyushu. At Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro in 1992, Kitakyushu Local Government
was highly commended by UN for their performance to recover the nature and alleviate thepollution.
Local Authority continues the work to improve the environment much cleaner, develop thecity industrially further and create the new local governance system. When the Government
announced Eco Town Plan in 1997, it can be said that Kita Kyushu already prepared thedetail of programme through long term works to create the environmentally sound andindustrially advanced town for applying Eco‑Town Plan to the Government. Kitakyushu s
policy and practice to create environmentally sound and industrially developed city
should be appreciated very much.
5 How local governments create the sustainable recycle‑oriented society
We have learned many lessons through these academic study and workshop for creating thesustainable recycle‑oriented society, in other word, the environmentally sound andindustrially advanced town. Although all sectors in community must cooperate together4to realize such society and carry out their proper works, the most important is that local
authorities play basic and leading role. Followings are common and basic ways for therealization of environmentally sustainable and industrially developed community.
5‑1 To create the future vision of the community, understanding the internationalsocio‑economic trend and the governmental vision.
5‑2 To make the policy and practical site‑activation plan in which the environmental
improvement and industrial development harmonize.
5‑3 To utilize local strength in natural, cultural, technological and industrial
characters in making policy, plan and practice programme.
5‑4 To keep the principle of information transparency and publicity in deciding policyand making practice plan. This facilitates to confirm public consensus andresponsibility sharing system in all partners.
5‑5 To promote the environmental education not only in schools, but also inthe society.
The awareness on the environment is raised by EE and plays the key role for creating
sustainable society in all regions and sites.

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