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ICP		Informed Consultation and Participation

ILO		International Labour Organisation

IPM		

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IUCN
		

International Union for the Conservation of Nature

IVM		

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UN		

United Nations

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ulnD&ef twGufjzpfonf/ tqdkyg vrf;nTefcsufrsm;ESihf&Sif;vif;zGihfqdkcsufrsm;udk tcgtm;avsmfpGm rGrf;rHjyKjyif
onf/

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usiEf iS fh &yf&mG vlx\
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pHowfrw
S cf su(f 1)wGif tav;xm;azmfjyxm;onf/
xda&mufonho
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[laom tajcusNy;D jzpfonhf pD;yGm;a&;pDrcH efcY rJG v
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f ydik ;f rsm;yg0ifaom obm0ywf0ef;usif
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ywf0ef;usiEf iS &fh yf&mG vlx\
k vlrb
I 0wdtYk ay: usa&muf
Edik af om tEå&m,frsm;2ESifh qd;k usKd ;oufa&mufrrI sm;3udk
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H ed ;f \ oabmobm01
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r[kwfay? odkYaomfxdkta&;wdkYudkpdwf0ifpm;Muolrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkolrsm;
xJwGif A[dktpdk;& (odkYr[kwf) a'otmPmydkifrsm;? teD;tem;&Sd pDrHudef;
vkyaf qmiforl sm;?tpd;k &r[kwo
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2
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tEå&m,frsm;jzpfEdkifjcif;ESifh ,if;odkYjzpfvmjcif;aMumifhqdk;usdK;oufa&muf
rIrsm;&Sdvmjcif;wdkYudk aygif;pkí qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/3
ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrSka&;qdkif&m oufa&mufrSkrsm;qdkonfrSm (1) obm0
ywf0ef;usif odkYr[kwf ,Ofaus;rItarG0ef;usif xdcdkufoGm;jcif;? xdcdkuf&ef
tvm;tvm&Sdjcif; (2) ywf0ef;usif&yf&GmvlxkESifh tvkyform;rsm;udk
qdk;usdK;oufa&mufjcif; ponfwdkYudkqdkvdkonf/

twkid ;f twmwkUd ESifh qDavsmpf mG vkyaf qmifonhf aumif;
rGeaf om obm0ywf0ef;usiEf iS fh vlraI &;qdik &f m pDrH
f nfwchH idk Nf ro
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f ikd &f m tusKd ;&v'frsm;udk ay;pGr;f Edik o
f nf/
2/ wcgw&HwGif obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf &yf&Gmvlxk\
vlrIb0tay: usa&mufvmEdkifonhf tcsdKUaom
tEÅ&m,frsm;? qdk;usdK;rsm;udk qef;ppfjcif;ESihf pDrH
cefYcGJjcif;wdkYudk rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrI&,lxm;olwdkY rvTrf;rdk; rxdef;csKyfEdkif4onhf tpdk;&
odkYr[kwf tjcm;wwd, tiftm;pkrsm;uvkyfaqmif&ef
wm0ef&SdEdkifayonf- Oyrmtm;jzihf (1) tpdk;&(odkYr[kwf) wwd,tiftm;pkwdkYu ,cifuwnf;ucsxm;onhf qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;aMumihf pDrHudef;ae&m
a&G;cs,fjcif;? pDrHudef;ykHpHa&G;cs,fjcif;wdkYwGif ouf
a&mufrIrsm;&Sdaejcif;? (2) pDrHudef;vkyfaqmif&ef
twGuf ay;xm;aomajronf twdwfumvwGif vl
trsm;udkz,f&Sm;ítjcm;ae&modkY a&TUajymif;xm;jcif;
jzihf&xm;aom ajrjzpfaejcif; (odkYr[kwf) ,if;ajr&Sd
ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJrsm; ysufqD;rnhf tEÅ&m,fESihf &ifqdkif&
jcif;ponhf vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tygt0if pDrHudef;ESihf
ywfoufí tpdk;&(odkYr[kwf) tjcm;wwd,tiftm;pk
rsm;u vkyfaqmifxm;csufrsm;/ tu,fí rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzihftpddk;&(odkYr[kwf)tjcm;wwd,tiftm;pkrsm;\vkyfaqmifrI
rsm;udk rvTrf;rdk; rxdef;ausmif;Edkifygu vkyfaqmifrIpH
owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihf udkufnDrI&Sdonhf obm0
4
vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuft& rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrI&,lxm;olu vufvTJwm0efay;xm;aom uefx½dkufrsm;tm; rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrI&,lxm;olrsm;u wdkuf½dkufxdef;csKyfEdkif&rnf/ xdkolwdkYtm;
tjcm; wwd,tiftm;pkrsm;tjzpf owfrSwfí r&yg/

5

ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mESihf&yf½GmvlxkvlrIb0qdkif&m
tusdK;&v'faumif;rsm;&&SdEdkifa&;twGuf ulnD&eff
tvdkYiSm yg0ifywfoufaeaom tiftm;pk toD;oD;udk
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;qdkif&m pDrHcefYcGJrIpepf(ESMS) jzihf&SmazGNyD; xdkolwdkY vkyfaqmifaeonhf
tcef;u@rsm;? ,if;wdkYaMumihf rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrI&,lolrsm;tm;
xdcdkufvmEdkifajcrsm;?
,if;wdkYESihf yl;aygif;aqmif&GufEdkifrnhf tcGihftvrf;rsm;
udkvnf; &SmazG&rnf/ xdkYtjyif vkyfaqmifrIpHowf
rSwfcsufrsm;wGif xdcdkufepfemrI wdkifMum;edkifonhf
xda&mufaom ,EÅ,m;pepfrsm; xnhfoGif;xm;jcif;tm;jzihf rdrdwdkYrS axmufyHh0efaqmifrIay;xm;olrsm;
aMumihf xdcdkufrI&Sdonf[k owfrSwf,lqxm;onhf ol
rsm;tm;jrefjrefod&SdEdkifrnfjzpfovdk? xdkolwdkYtwGuf
ajz&Sif;ay;rnhfukxkH;rsm;udk jrefjreffay;Edkifayrnf/
3/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfieff;rsm;taejzihf vlYtcGihfta&;udk
tav;xm;&rnfjzpfNyD; xdkodkYtav;xm;&mwGiftjcm;
olrsm;\ vlYtcGihfta&;udk rxdcdkufap&ef a&Smif&Sm;&rnhftjyif pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;aMumihf jzpfvmEdkif
onhf vlYtcGihfta&;qdkif&m xdckdufrIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;ay;&rnf/ pDrHudef;wpfcktaejzihf pDrHudef;oufwrf;umv
twGif; awGU&Edkifaom vlYtcGihfta&;qdkif&mudpörsm;ESihf ywfoufí vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsufwdkif;wGif
xnhfoGif;xm;onf/ vkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
jynhfrDatmif wifBudKí owdxm;vkyfaqmifjcif;jzihf
rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lolrsm;
taejzihf pDrHudef;vkyfaqmifrIESihf qufEG,faeonhf
vlYtcGihfta&;csdK;azmufrIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Edkifayrnf/&nfrSef;csufrsm;• pDrHudef;ESihfywfoufí jzpfvmEdkifaom obm0
ywf0ef;usiEf iS fh &yf&mG vlxv
k rl b
I 0qdik &f mtEÅ&m,f
ESihf qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk &SmazGqef;ppf&eff• oufa&mufrIrsm;udk tqihftvkduf avsmhcsjcif;
vkyfief;pOfudk csrSwf&ef? ¤if;wGif tvkyform;rsm;?
xdcdkufaeonhf &yf&GmvlxkESihf obm0ywf0eff;usif
qdkif&m tEÅ&m,fESihf oufa&mufrIrsm;udk BudKwif
owfrSwfí a&Smif&Sm;&ef (odkUr[kwf) a&Smif&Sm;&ef

6

rjzpfEkdifygu tenf;qHk;jzpfatmifavsmhcs&efESihf5
tu,fí MuGif;usefoufa&muf xdcdkufrIrsm;&Sdae
ao;ygu jyefvnftpm;xdk;tavsmfay;Edkif&ef/• xda&mufaompDrHrIpepfrsm;udk tav;xm;tokH;jyKí rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm; &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzihf obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;qdkif&m
vkyfaqmifrIrsm; wdk;wufvmap&ef• xdcdkufaeaom&yf&GmvlxkrS epfemrIrsm;wdkifMum;
vmonfjzpfap? tjcm;qufpyfywfoufaeolrsm;
uqufoG,fvmonfjzpfap ,if;wdkYudk wkHYjyef
aqmif½Guf&efESihf oihfavsmfpGm pDrHaqmif&Gufay;&eff• pDrHudef;umvwavsmufvkH;wGif jzpfvmEkdifonhf&yf&Gmvlxktay:xdcdkufvmEdkifajcrsm;ESihfywfouff
í&yf&mG vlxEk iS fh qufqaH qmif&u
G Ef ikd rf nhef nf;vrf;
rsm;udkwdk;jr§ifYaqmif&Guf&efESihf oufqdkif&mobm0
ywf0ef;usiEf iS v
fh rl b
I 0qdik &f mowif;tcsut
f vuf
rsm;udk xkwfjyefjzefYa0oGm;&ef
tokH;jyK&m e,fy,f4/ vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsufonf obm0ywf0eff;
usifESihf &yf&GmvlxkvlrIb0tay: oufa&mufvmEdkif
onhf tEÅ&m,frsm;? qdk;usdK;oufa&mufEkdifonhf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ESihfoufqdkifonf/ þvkyfaqmifrI
pHowfrSwfcsuf &nf&G,fcsufatmifjrif&ef tvdkYiSm,if;wGifazmfjyxm;aom pDrHudef;qdkonfrSm pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;vnf;yg0ifovdk? tckvuf&Sd
tcsdefwGifrawGY&Sd&ao;aomfvnf;6 aNr,m?taqmuf
tOD? puf,EÅ,m;uJYodkYaom &kyfydkif;qdkif&m tpdwf
tydkif;rsm;tygt0if obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf &yf&Gm
vlxkvlrIb0tay: tEå&m,fESihfqdk;usdK;oufa&mufrI
rsm;jzpfvmapEdkifonhf ,if;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;udk xyfrH
csJUxGifvkyfudkifjcif;rsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/ xdkYjyif
vkyfieff;\ tapmydkif; zHGYNzdK;wdk;wufrI tqifYrsm;rS
tp? vkyfief;puf0ef;vnfywfrI oufwrf;wpfckvHk;

5

avsmhcsonfqdk&mwGif tajctaeay;ovdk xdcdkufoufa&mufrIrsm;udk
enf;yg;oGm;atmifjzpfap? trSefjzpfatmifjyefvkyfjcif;jzpfap? jyefvnf
jyifqifjcif;jzpfappojzifh trsdK;rsdK;enf;vrf;rsm; &Sdayvdrfhrnf/ tEå&m,f
ESifh qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;tenf;qkH; jzpfatmif tqifhqifh vkyfaqmif
onfh vrf;nTefcsufESifhywfoufí vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 2 rS 8
txdwGifxyfNyD; &Sif;vif;azmfjyxm;onf/
6
Oyrmtm;jzifhvuf&SdtaqmuftODudk ydkifqdkifxm;onfh aumfydka&;&Sif;uaemufxyftopf taqmufttkHrsm;udk aqmufvkyfjcif;? &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIb@ma&;qdkif&m tzGJYtpnf;rsm;u aemufxyf taqmufttkHrsm;twGuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHvdkjcif;/jzpfaom7 ('DZdkif;qGJjcif;? aqmufvkyfjcif;? vufvTJ&,ljcif;? pDrHudef;vnfywfjcif;? jyefvnfvufvTJay;jcif;?
ydwfodrf;jcif;? (wcgw&H)ydwfodrf;jcif; aemufydkif;pDrH
jcif;) ponfwdkYwGifvnf; þvkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwf
csufESihftnDjzpf&rnf/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfieff;tm;vkH;taejzihf vkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsufpmydk'fwpfckcsif;pD\
atmufwGif txl;jyKazmfjyxm;aom oD;jcm; uefYowf
csufrsm;ryg&Sdygu vkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
tm;vkH;onf rdrdwdkYESihfoufqdkifonf[k rSwf,l&rnf/
vdktyfcsufrsm;
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrIpepf
5/ rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifw
h m0ef&o
dS nfth pd;k &ESihf tjcm;wwd,tiftm;pk
rsm;8ESifh qufpyfaqmif&GufNyD; obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh
vlrIa&;b0qdkif&m qef;ppfonfhvkyfieff;pOfrsm; vkyf
aqmifjcif;? pDrHudef;\oabmobm0? twdkif;twm
ESifhvdkufzufaom obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrIpepf (ESMS)udk csrSwfvkyfudkifjcif;?
obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh&yf&GmvlxkvlrIb0tay:
xdcdkufvmEdkifonfh tEÅ&m,fESifh qdk;usdK;oufa&muf
Edkifonfh twdkif;twmay:wGifrlwnfNyD; vdktyfonf
rsm;udk vkyfaqmifjcif; ponfh tvkyfrsm;udk vkyfaqmif&rnf/ obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&m
pDrHcefYcGJrIpepf (ESMS)wGif atmufygwdkY yg0ifonf(1) rl0g'? (2)tEå&m,fESifhqdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk
owfrSwfjcif;? (3) pDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOfrsm;? (4) tzGJU
tpnf;pGrf;aqmif&nfESifht&nftcsif;&SdrI? (5) ta&;
ay:tajctaetwGuf BudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESifh ta&;ay:jzpfvmygu wkHYjyefaqmif&Gufjcif;? (6) qufpyf
ywfoufolrsm;ESifh qufqHaqmif&Gufjcif;? (7) apmifh
Munfhavhvmjcif;ESifh jyeffvnfokH;oyfjcif;/

7

b@ma&;qkdif&mtzGJYtpnf;rsm;? &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;? tmrcHvkyfief;rsm;?
ydkif&SifESifh vkyfief;vnfywfvkyfaqmifolrsm; ponfhtaxGaxGaom
vlrsm;u þvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsufudk tokH;csonf[k rSwf,ljyD;
xdkolrsm;taejzifh oufqdkif&mpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ESifhqDavsmfpGmvkyfaqmifrI
pHowfrSwfcsufudktokH;jyKoGm;oifhonf/
8,if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf tEÅ&m,fESifhqdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk
qef;ppfí pDrHajz&Sif;&ef Oya'aMumif;t&wm0ef&Sdonf(Oyrm - tpdk;&u vkyfaqmifonfh ajymif;a&TUae&mcsjcif;rsm;wGif)

rl0g'
6/ pDrHudef;taejzifh obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh&yf&Gmvlxk
vlrIb0twGuf vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;9 atmifjrifEdkifa&;
twGuo
f bm0ywf0ef;usiEf iS v
hf rl aI &;&nfreS ;f csurf sm;?
tajccHrlrsm;udkzGifhqdkonfh bufaygif;pkHvTrf;NcHKaom
rl0g'wpfckudk rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrI&,lxm;
olrsm;ucsrw
S &f rnf/ xkrd 0l g'onfobm0ywf0ef;usif
ESi&hf yf&mG vlxkvlrIb0qdkif&mqef;ppfjcif;ESifh pDrHvkyf
aqmifjcif; wdkYtwGufrlabmifwpfckjzpfapovdk? pDrH
udef;(odkYr[kwf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;)onf oufqdkif&m
Oya'? enf;Oya'ESifhpnf;rsOf;rsm;? edkifiHwumOya'udk
vdkufemonfhtaejzifh oufqdkif&mEdkifiHu jyXmef;xm;
aom Oya'rsm;udk vdkufemrnfhtaMumif; tav;xm;
azmfjycsuf jzpfonf/ ,if;rl0g'onf vkyfaqmifrI
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;twGuf jyKvkyfxm;aom tajccHrl
rsm;ESifhvnf; vdu
k zf ufnn
D w
G &f rnf/ tcsKd Uaom tajc
tae0ef;usirf sm;wGif rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrI
rsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh tjcm;EdkfifiHwumrS
owfrSwfxm;aom pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;? t&nftaoG;
todtrSwfjyK vkyfief;pOf(odkYr[kwf) vkyfief;pnf;
rsOf;rsm;udkvkdufem &rnfjzpfovdk ,if;wdkYudkrl0g'ydkif;
wGif xnfhoGif;xm;&rnf/ rl0g'xJwGif rnfolu(oufqdkif&mrdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrI &,lxm;
olrsm;\ tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif) rll0g'twdkif;vkyfaqmif&ef tmrcHrnf? rnfolu rl0g'twdkif;vkyfaqmifatmif
aqmif&GufrnfwdkYudkazmfjy&rnf (vdktyfygu wm0ef&Sdonfh tpdk;&ydkif;ESifh tjcm;wwd, tiftm;pkrsm;udk
vnf; &nfnTef;azmfjy&rnf)/ rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0ef
aqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm; taejzifholwdkY\ tzGJU
tpnf;tqifhqifhwdkif;wGif ,if;rl0g'udk today;
xm;&rnf/tEÅ&m,fESifhqdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk owfrSwfjcif;
7/ pDrHudef;aMumifhjzpfvmEdkifonhf obm0ywf0ef;usif
ESifh &yf&GmvlxkvlrIb0tay: usa&mufvmEdkifaom
tEå&m,frsm;ESifh qdk;usdK;xdcdkufrIrsm;udk&SmazGowfrSwf
Edkifonfhvkyfief;pOfwpfckudkrdrdwdkYaxmufyHh0efaqmif
9þvdktyfcsufonf oD;jcm;wnf&SdaeNyD; pDrHudef;twGufoD;oefYrl0g'
jzpfonf/ ,if;onfrdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrI&,lxm;olrsm;upDrHudef;ESifh rqdkifonfhtjcm;ae&mrsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm; odkYr[kwfaumfydka&;&Sif;BuD;rsm;\ vkyfief;rsm;twGuf csrSwfxm;aom &SdESifhNyD;om;
rl0g'rsm; udk oGm;íoufa&mufjcif; (ajymif;vJapjcif;) r&Sdap&yg/

7

rIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh xlaxmif&rnf
jzpfovdk tNrJwrf;vkyfaqmifoGm;&rnf (jyD;jynfhpkH
onfh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk pmykd'f 18 wGif Munfhyg)/
pDrHudef; trsdK;tpm;? twdkif;twmESifh ae&mwdkYtay:
rlwnfNyD; tEÅ&m,fESifh qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk&SmazGowfrSwfrnfh
vkyfief;pOf\us,fjyefYrIESifY
MudK;yrf; vkyfaqmif&ef vdktyfrItwdkif;twmudkowf
rSwfEdkifonf/ ,if;vkyfieff;pOf\ twdkif;twmonf
vkyfieff;rsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh EdkifiHwumpHowfrSwf
csufrsm;10ESifhvnf;tH0ifcGifus vdkufavsmnDaxG&rnf
jzpfovdk tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKavmufonfh rnfonfh
enf;emrsm;? rnfonfhqef;ppfenf;rsm;udk tokH;jyK&
rnfudk vrf;nTefvdrfhrnf/ ,if;vkyfief;pOfwGif
ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIb0xdcdkufrIqef;ppfjcif;rsm;udk
tjynfht0aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh abmifuefYí qef;ppf
jcif; (odkYr[kwf) jrifYjrifYrm;rm;wefzdk;xm;xdrf;odrf;&
rnfY ae&mrsm;? xl;jcm;onfh a*[pepfrsm; tygt0if
obm0ywf0ef;usiq
f ikd &f mtajctaersm;udk owfrw
S f
azmfjyjcif;? npfnrf;rItqifYrsm;? taqmuftODyHkpH
owfrw
S rf pI EH eI ;f (odrYk [kw)f aqmufvyk af &;qdik &f mpHEeI ;f
k u
kd &f ukd t
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H ed ;frsm;11udw
taejzifhvuf&dStoHk;jyKaeaom ajr,m? puf½kH
taqmuftOD? puf,EÅ&m;ponfh &kyf0wåKydkif;qdkif&m
rsm;ESifhywfoufí,if;wdkYaMumifhjzpfvmEdkifaom
tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh qdk;usdK;xdcdkufrIrsm;udk od&SdowfrSwf
Edkif&eff obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&m vkyfieff;
ppfaq;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) tEÅ&m,f? qdk;usdK;twdkif;
twmqef;ppfjcif;wdkYudkvkyfaqmif&rnf/
ajr,m?
puf½kHtaqmuftOD? puf,EÅ&m;ponfh &kyf0wåKydkif;
qdkif&mrsm;udk wdk;csJUazmfaqmifvkyfudkifrnfqdkygu
xdkt&mrsm; jzpfxGef;ay:aygufvmrnfh tem*wftcsdef
umvwGifjzpfvmrnfhtEÅ&m,fESifh qdk;usdK;oufa&muf
rIrsm;udok &d odS wfrw
S Ef ikd af &;twGuw
f ifBuKd íowdxm;
vkyfaqmifaom vkyfief;pOfwpfckudk vkyfaqmif&rnf/
10
a'otwGif;rSmjzpfap? urÇmhae&mtoD;oD;rSmjzpfapwlnDonfh
odkYr[kwf qifwlonfh tajctaersm;atmufwGifvkyfudkifzl;onfh tawGY
tMuHKrsm;NyD; ußGrf;usifrI&Sdolrsm;xHrS&Edkifonfh tvkyfydkif;ußGrf;usifrI?
BudKwifowdxm;vkyfqmifrI? a&SUwGifjzpfvmEdkifonfudkowdxm;rI ponf
wdkYudk aqmif&Gufjcif;/
11,cifu rvkyfudkifMubl;ao;onfh vkyfieff;e,fy,ftopfwpfckudk
pwifjcif;? tvGefMuD;rm;us,fjyefYaom csJUxGifvkyfaqmifrIjzpfNyD; ,if;wGifajr,m? puf½kHtaqmuftOD? puf,EÅ&m;ponfh &kyf0wåKydkif;qdkif&mrsm;udk
wdk;csJYazmfaqmifvkyfudkifrnfjzpfum obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh &yf&Gmvlxk
vlrIb0udk qdk;usdK;xdcdkufrnfhtajctae&Sdygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0ef
aqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh vdktyfovkd ajymif;vJaqmif&Guf
Ekdif rnfh t&mrsm;udk pl;prf;jcif; tygt0if obm0ywf0ef;usifESifhvlrIa&;
qdkif&m bufaygif;pkHonfh qef;ppfcsufwpfck udk vkyfaqmif&rnf/

8

jzpfvmrnfh tEå&m,fESifh qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk
od&SdowfrSwfEdkifa&; vkyfief;pOfonf rMumao;ciftcsdefu wwfEdkiforsStao;pdwf&xm;onfh obm0
ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&m tajccHtcsuftvuf
ay:wGif rlwnfvkyfaqmif&rnf/ ,if;vkyfief;pOf
taejzifh vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf trSwf (2)rS(8)wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; tygt0if
oufqdkifonfh obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&m
tEå&m,fESifh qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk xnfhoGif;
pOf;pm;&rnfjzpfovdk? ,if;tEå&m,fESifh qdk;usdK;
oufa&mufrIrsm; cHpm;&Edkifonfh &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;udk
vnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf/ tEÅ&m,fESifh qdk;usdK;dS wfrw
S Ef idk af &;vkyif ef;pOf
oufa&mufrrI sm;12udk od&o
wGifzefvkHtdrftmedoiftdrf"mwfaiGUrsm;xkwfvTwfaerI? &moDOwkajymif;vJvmjcif;ESifhywfoufí jzpfvm
Ekdifonfh tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh jzpfvmygu tEÅ&m,fenf;yg;
atmif vkyfaqmifrI? avxknpfnrf;jcif; (odkYr[kwf)EdkifiHwuma&vufMum;? wl;ajrmif;ESihf jrpfrsm;
toHk;jyKrI (odkY) npfnrf;jcif;rsm;jzpfvmjcif;aMumifhe,fpyfjzwfausmfoufa&mufrIrsm;&SdvmEkdifrI ponf
wdkYudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf/
8/ tu,fípDrHudef;wGif xl;jcm;onfh½kyf0wåK? oGifjyif
ESifh taqmuftODwdkYyg0ifaejyD; ,if;wdkYonf obm0
ywf0ef;usifESifh&yf&GmvlxkvlrIb0qdkif&mtEÅ&m,fESifh
qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;&SdEdkifygu
xdktEå&m,fESifh
qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;tm; pDrHudef;vTrf;NcHKe,fajr\
tajctaersm;atmufwGif owfrSwfazmfxkwf&rnf/
tajctaeay:rlwnfí pDrHudef;vTrf;NcHKe,fajrwGif
atmufygwdkY tusKH;0ifonf/• xdcdkufEdkifonfhe,fajr - xdcdkufEdkifonfhe,fajr
qdk&mwGif (1) pDrHudef;13? rdrdwdkYrS axmufyHh0ef
aqmifrIay;xm;olwkdY\vkyfaqmifrIrsm;? ¤if;wdkYu(¤if;wdkYrS uefx½dkufay;xm;olrsm; tygt0if)
ydkifqdkifaom?
vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufaeaom?
12tEÅ&m,fjzpf&ef tvm;tvmtvGefrsm;onfh tcsdKUtajctaersm;wGif
rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh xl;jcm;onfh
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif aqmif&GufMuonfhtwdkif; obm0ywf0ef;usif
ESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&m qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm; qef;ppfcsufudk vlUtcGifhta&;
qdkif&m xdcdkufrIrsm;r&SdatmifMudKwifowdxm; tm;xkwfvkyfaqmifonfh
vkyfief;pOfrsm;udkyg xnfhoGif;vkyfaqmif&rnf/
13,if;wGifOyrmtm;jzifhpDrHudef;ae&mrsm;? a&a0ukef;wef;rsm;?0eff;usif
wGif avxkrnpfnrf;atmifumuG,fxm;onfh avxk? ydkYaqmifqufoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif; ponfwdkY yg0ifonf/pDrHaeaomtaqmuftODESifh
vkyfief;e,fajr?
pDrHudef;\ wpdwfwa'o14 ponfwdkYaMumifh
oufa&mufrI&Sdonfhe,fajr/ (2) pDrHudef;aMumifh
aemufydkif;wGifjzpfap? aemufwpfae&mwGifjzpfap
xyfjzpfvmEdkifonfh wdk;csJUvkyfudkifrIrsm;aMumifh
qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm; &SdvmEdkifonfhe,fajr/(3)oufqdkif&m &yf&Gmvlxku olwdkYb0 &Sifoef&yfwnfEdkifzdkYtwGuf rDScdktm;xm;ae&onfh ZD0
rskd;pkHrsdK;uGJrsm; (odkYr[kwf) a*[pepfponfwdkYudk
pDrHudef;u oG,f0dkufNyD; qdk;usdK;oufa&mufoGm;Edkif
onfhe,fajr ponfwdkYudkqdkvdkonf/•		pDrHudef;taqmuftOD;r[kwfyJ xyfyGm;NyD;jzpfvm
onfh qufpyftaqmuftODrsm;? 0efaqmifrIrsm;?
toHk;taqmifypönf;rsm; - pDrHudef;u axmufyHhay;í aqmufvkyfxm;jcif;r[kwfaomfvnf; ,if;
pDrHudef;r&Sdygu ay:aygufvmp&m(odkYr[kwf wdk;csJU
p&mtaMumif;r&SdaomtaqmuftODrsm;?ae&mrsm;
udkqdkvdkonf/ pDrHudef;tvkyfjzpf &Sifoefaeap&ef
jzpfvmonfh
twGuv
f nf;15 ,if;xyfymG ;Ny;DtaqmuftODrsm;ae&mrsm;udk pDrHudef;u rSDcdkae&onf/• pkaygif; qufpyfoufa&mufrI 16- pDrHudef;tokH;jyK
rIaMumifhjzpfap? wdkuf&dkufoufa&mufrIaMumifhjzpf
ape,fajra'oESifh
obm0o,HZmwtay:
wjznf;jznf;csif; xyfwdk;íqdk;usdK;rsm;jzpfvmap
onfh pkaygif;qufpyfoufa&mufrItEÅ&m,fESifh
qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm; od&SdowfrSwfEdkfifonfh
vkyfief;pOfvkyfaqmifaepOf tjcm;&SdESifhaeNyD;onfh(odkYr[kwf) vkyfrnf[k tpDtpOfqGJxm;onfh
14,if;wGif Oyrmtm;jzifh "mwftm;vdkif; vrf;aMumif;rsm;? ydkufvdkif;
rsm;? a&ajrmif;rsm;? wl;ajrmif;rsm;? ae&majymif;a&TUjcif;rsm;? t"duta0;ajy;vrf;(odUk )oD;oefUae&mwpfco
k Ukd a&muf&EdS ikd of nfv
h rf;rsm;?pGeyYf pf
ypönf;pkykH&ef iSm;&rf;onfhae&mrsm;? aqmufvkyfa&;pcef;rsm;? npfnrf;
oGm;rnfhajrae&mrsm; (ajrBuD;? ajratmufa&? aNray:a&ESifY pGefYypf
te,frsm;tygt0if) ponfwdkYyg0ifonf/
15,if;taqmufttkHrsm;wGif &xm;vrf;rsm;? vrf;rsm;? "mwftm;
xkwfpuf½kHrsm;ESifh "mwftm;vdkif;rsm;? ydkufvdkif;rsm;? pufypönf;rsm;?
ukefavSmif½kHrsm;? vkyfief;pDrHrItwGuf vdktyfonfh taqmuftODrsm;
ponfwdkYyg0ifonf/
16
pkaygif; qufpyfoufa&mufrI[kqdk&mwGif odyÜHenf;usqef;ppfxm;aom
pdk;&drfp&moufa&mufrIrsm;vnf; yg0ifovdk? &yf&Gmvlxku pdk;&drfcsufrsm;
udkvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;xm;onf/ pkaygif;qdk;usdK;Oyrmrsm;wGif
0ef;usifwGif avxkrnpfnrf;atmifumuG,fxm;onfh avxkxJodkY"mwfaiGYwjzn;fjznf;0ifa&mufrsm;jym;vmNcif;? a&xkwf,ljcif;rsm;vmí
a&a0ukef;weff;odkY a&pD;qif;rIrsm;enf;yg;vmjcif;? a&a0ukef;wef;wGifte,frsm;pkykHusa&mufvmjcif;? om;½dkif;wd&dpämefrsm; a&TUajymif;oGm;vm
aom vrf;aMumif;udk xdyg;ysufpD;apjcif;? &yf&GmvlxkokH;um;vrf;wGif
pDrHudef;,mOfrsm; toGm;tvmrsm;onfhtwGuf ,mOfaMumusyfjcif;?
,mOfwdkufrIrsm;wdk;vmjcif; ponfwdkYyg0ifonf/(odkYr[kwf) jzpfvmEdkifonf[k wGufcsufxm;onfh
xyfwdk;jzpfay:rIrsm;aMumifhjzpfvmonfh pkaygif;
qufpyfoufa&mufrI/
9/ pDrHudef;vTrf;rdk;e,fajrtwGif; tjcm; wwd,
tiftm;pkwckaMumifh tEÅ&m,fESifhqdk;usdK;oufa&muf
rIrsm;&Sdvmygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm; taejzifh tqdkyg tjcm;tiftm;pkrsm;udk
xdef;csKyfívnf;aumif;? tusdK;pD;yGm;&&SdrIrSm ravsmf
uefaomykHpHjzifh&&Sdaejcif;[kowdjyKjcif;tm;jzifh
vnf;aumif; tqdkygtEÅ&m,fESifh qdk;usdK;oufa&muf
rIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;&efvdkonf/
10/ rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,laeol
rsm;taejzifh oifYavsmfpGm xdef;csKyfvkyfudkifEkdifonfY
ae&mrsm;wGifvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 2 (pmykd'f 27-29)ESifh vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 6(pmydk'f 30)
wdkYwGif azmfjyxm;csufrsm;ESifhtnD
yifrpD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;twGuf t"duvdt
k yfaomukepf nf (odrYk [kw)f
ypönf;rsm;udk pOfqufrysufay;oGif;onhf vkyfief;
uGif;qufESifh qufpyfíjzpfvmonfh tEÅ&m,fESifh
qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk tEÅ&m,fESifh qkd;usdK;ouf
a&mufrIukdazmfxkwfowfrSwfonfh jzpfpOfüxnfhoGif;
oHk;oyf&rnf/
11/ pDrHudef;wGif oD;oefYazmfxkwfrSwfom;xm;onfh½kyf0wåK? oGifjyifESifh taqmuftOD;ponfwdkY yg0if
aeNyD; ,if;wdkYonf obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh &yf&Gm
vlxk\ vlrIb0udkqdk;usdK; oufa&mufxdcdkufEdkifrnf
qdkygu pDrHudef;e,fajrwGifvnf;aumif;? pDrHudef;
vTrf;NcHKe,fajr17wGifvnf;aumif; oufqdkif&m tpdk;&
tmPmydkifrsm; (odkU) pDrHudef;ESifY wdkuf&dkufywfoufae
onfh tjcm;tiftm;pkrsm;u vkyfaqmifxm;onfh
oufqkdifaom? toHk;csEdkifonfh tpDtpOfrsm;? avh
vmrIrsm; (odkYr[kwf) qef;ppfrIrsm;rS&&Sdonfh awGU&Sd
csufrsm;? aumufcsufcsrIrsm;ponfwdkYudk obm0
ywf0ef;usifESifh &yf&GmvlxkvlrIb0xdcdkufapEdkifonfh
tEå&m,frsm;? qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm; od&SdowfrSwf
17

rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifhodyÜHenf;
usqef;ppfxm;rIrsm;rSawGY&Sdxm;onfh xdcdkufoufa&mufrSIrsm;(odkYr[kwf)a'oqdkif&mavhvmrI? pkaygif;qef;ppfcsufrsm;vkyfxm;onfh e,fajrwGif;&Sd
xdcdkufcH&aom &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;u pdk;&drfrIrsm;tay: tajccHxm;onfh
oufa&mufrIrsm;tm; pDrHudef;u xyfwdk;vkyfaqmifay;jcif;rsm;udk tav;ay;vkyfaqmif&rnf/

9

a&;vkyif ef;pOfwiG x
f nfo
h iG ;f pOf;pm;&rnf/ ,if;wdw
Yk iG fpD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;a&;tBuD;pm;pDrHudef;rsm;? EdkifiHtqifh(odkYr[kwf)a'otqifhpDrHudef;rsm;? vkyfaqmif&efjzpf
rjzpfMunf½h o
I nfah vhvmcsurf sm;?a&G;cs,pf &mtrsKd ;rsKd ;udk tjyeftvSefokH;oyfcsufrsm;? pkaygif;í jzpfap?
a'otvdkufjzpfap? u@tvdkufjzpfap (odkYr[kwf)
AsL[mususjzpfapvkyaf qmifonfh obm0ywf0ef;usif
qef;ppfavhvmcsufrsm;ponfjzifh tvsOf;oifhovdk
yg0ifEdkifonf/ xdkYjyifxdcdkufaom &yf&GmvlxkESifhxdawGU
qufqHnSdEIdif;aomvkyfieff;pOfudkvnf; obm0 ywf
0ef;usifESifh &yf&GmvlxkvlrIb0 xdcdkufapEdkifonfh
tEÅ&m,frsm;? qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm; od&SdowfrSwf
a&;vkyfief;pOfwGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf/
12/ pDrHudef;wGif oD;oefYazmfxkwfrSwfom;xm;onfh½kyf0wåK? oGifjyifESifh taqmuftODponfwdkY yg0if
aeNyD; ,if;wdkYonf obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh &yf&Gm
vlxk\ vlrIb0udk tEå&m,fjzpfapqdk;usdK;jzpfap
oufa&mufxdcdkufEdkifrnfqdkygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh tEÅ&m,f
ESifh qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk od&SdowfrSwfonfh
vkyfief;pOf tpdwftydkif;t& pDrHudef;aMumifh xl;xl;
jcm;jcm;ESihf odood momjyif;jyif;xefxefxcd u
kd o
f mG ;Edik f
onfh vlyk*¾dKvfjzpfap? vltkyfpkjzpfap ¤if;wdkYudk od&Sd
rSwfom;xm;&rnf/ ,if;vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;? vltkyfpkrsm;
onf zGHUNzdK;rIvkyfief;pOfrsm;rS jzpfay:aom qkd;usdK;ouf
a&mufrIrsm;aMumifh ,if;wkdU\ tusdK;pD;yGm;udk xdckduf
vG,faponfh (odkYr[kwf) tm;enf;xdcdkufvG,faomtumtuG,frJhtkyfpkrsm;18jzpfí tckuJhodkY *½kxm;
vkyfaqmif&efvdktyfonf/ xdkvlyk*¾dKvfrsm;? vltkyfpk
rsm;udkawGY&Sdygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;
udk&,lxm; olrsm;taejzifh pDrHudef;aMumifhjzpfvmonfh
qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm; xdkolwdkYtay: tqrwef
usa&mufoGm;rnfudk wm;qD;&efESifh zGHYjzdK;a&;pDrHudef;rSm jzpfvmrnfhatmifjrifrIrsm;? tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk
xdkolwdkYvnf; cHpm;Edkif&eftvdkYiSm oD;jcm;tpDtpOfrsm;
18
vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf (odkYr[kwf) tpktzGJUwpfck\ vlrsdK;? tom;ta&mif?
vdif? bmompum;? udk;uG,f&mbmom? EdkifiHa&;odkYr[kwf tawG;tac:?
trsdK;om;a&;(odkYr[kwf)vlrIa&;aemufcH? ydkifqdkifrI? arG;zGm;jcif;qdkif&mESifhtjcm; tqifhtwef;wdkYudkrlwnfí ESdrfhcscHxm;&olrsm;(odkYr[kwf)tumtuG,frJholrsm;tjzpf
owfrSwfMuonf/
rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh Oyrm - vdifuGJjym;rI? touf?
vlrsdK;pk? ,Ofaus;rI? pmaywwfajrmufrI? emrusef;jcif;? udk,f (odkYr[kwf)pdwfydkif;qdkif&mcsdKY,Gif;jcif;? qif;&JrI(odkYr[kwf)pD;yGm;a&;tusdK;pD;yGm;r&rI?
obm0&if;jrpfudk rSDcdkae&rIponfwdkYESifh ywfoufonfh ta&;rsm;udk
vnf; pOf;pm;&rnf/

10

udk olwdkYtm;urf;vSrf;jcif;? taumiftxnfazmfjcif;
wdkYudk vkyfaqmif&rnf/
pDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOfrsm;
13/ þpmtkyfwGifazmfjyxm;onfh rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lolrsm;ESifh oufqdkifaomrl0g'?
&nfrSef;csufrsm;ESifh tajccHrlrsm;udk vdkufemjcif;tm;
jzifh axmufyHh0efaqmifrI &,lxm;olrsm;onf qdk;usdK;
rsm;avsmhusaponfhtjyif vkyfaqmifrI wdk;wufvm
aponfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk azmfjyxm;onfh pDrHcefYcGJrI
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11

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23

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24

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14

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26
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wdkifMum;Ekdifonhf pepfrsm;ponfwkdY yg0ifonf/
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15

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aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;ESifhyl;aygif;yg0ifapjcif;vkyfief;pOf(ICP)udv
k yk af qmif&rnf/ ,if;vkyif ef;pOfukd txuf
wGif azmfjyxm;onfh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif; vkyfief;pOf
wGifyg0ifonfhtqifhrsm;ay:wGifrlwnfíwnfaqmuf
oGm;&rnfjzpfNyD; xdcdkufaom &yf&Gmvlxk\ yg0if
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rsm;ESifh ywfoufí rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk
27

Oyrm - a,musFm;? rdef;r? touft&G,fMuD;olrsm;? vli,f? rl&if;&yf&Gma'orS xGufcGmajymif;a&TUvm&olrsm;?tESdrfhcscHae&aom(odkYr[kwf)tumtuG,frJhaeom vlrsm; (tkyfpkrsm;)

16&,lxm;olrsm;u qkH;jzwfvkyfaqmif&mwGiftusdK;jzpf
rnfjzpfovdkqdk;usdK;rsm; avsmhenf;atmif vkyfaqmif
rnfhenf;vrf;rsm;? zGHUNzdK;a&; tcGifhtvrf;ESifh tusdK;&v'fa0rsSykH? taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmifjcif;
ponfwdkYESifhywfoufí xdcdkufrI&SdoGm;onfh &yf&Gm
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jzpfonf/ today;aqG;aEG;wdik yf ifjcif;ESiyhf ;l aygi;f yg0if
apjcif;vkyif ef;pOf (ICP)wGi(f 1) trsKd ;om;? trsKd ;orD;
ESpfbufpvkH;rStjrifrsm;yg0ifapa&;vkyfaqmif&rnf/
xdkodkYvkyf&mwGif vdktyfygu trsdK;om;oyfoyf?
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vkyfaqmifay;&rnf/ (2) qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;?
qdk;usdK;udk avsmhenf;atmifvkyfonfh enf;vrf;rsm;?
tusdK;pD;yGm;cGJa0jcif; ponfhta&;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí
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wGif xdkolwdkY\ vGwfvyfpGmBudKwiftoday;wdkfifyifí&,lonfoh abmwlnrD (I Free, Prior, and Informed
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wdkif;&if;om;rsm;ta&;ESifh ywfoufonfh vdktyfcsuf
rsm;? vGwfvyfpGmMudKwiftoday;wdkfifyifNyD;rS &vm
onfh oabmwlnDrI (FPIC) &&Sd&ef vdktyfonfh
tajctaersm;ponfwdkYudk vkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwf
csuf 7 wGif azmfjyxm;onf/

tpdk;& u OD;aqmifjyKvkyfonfh
qufpyfywfoufolrsm; qufqHnSdEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;
atmufwGif yk*¾vduu@\ wm0ef&SdrIrsm;
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axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;onf
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jyifyqufqHa&;
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rsm;taejzifjh yifyqufqaH &;twGuf vkyif ef;tpDtpOf
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f ikd &f m?
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t& ta&;,laqmif&GufrIrsm;udk ydwfyifjcif;rsdK; rjzpf
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aom vkyfief;pOfwavsmuf tqdkyg epfemrIwdkifMum;
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0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifhoufqdkif&m
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tpD&ifcHjcif;
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rnf/ xdktpD&ifcHpmwGif xdcdkufrI&Sdonfh &yf&Gmvlxk
17

twGuf tEÅ&m,f(odkYr[kwf) qdk;usdK;xdcdkufrIESifh
ywfoufí pDrHudef;u ajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufxm;ay;csuf
rsm;tajctaeudk azmfjy&rnfjzpfovdak qG;aEG;wdik yf if
onfhvkyfieff;pOfrsm;? epfemrIrsm;udk wdkifMum;Edkifonfh,EÅ&m;pepfrsm;jzifh &SmazGowfrSwfxm;onfh tqdkyg&yf&Gmvlxk\ pdk;&drfcsufrsm; ta&;udpöwdkYudkvnf;
xnfhoGif;&rnf/ xdcdkufrI&Sdonfh &yf&Gmvlxk\ pdk;&drfrIESiyhf wfoufNy;D ajz&Si;f vkyaf qmifrnfv
h yk if ef;tpDtpOf

18

rsm;xJwGif tajymif;tvJrsm;&Sdygu xdkfajymif;vJvdkuf
onfh vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;udk oufqdkif&m &yf&Gmvlxk
odkY qufoG,ftaMumif;Mum;&rnf/ xdcdkufcH&aom&yf&Gmvlxk\ pdk;&drfylyeffrItwdkif;twm ay:rlwnfNyD;,if;tpD&ifcHpmudk tcsdefrnfrQtydkif;tjcm;wGif b,fESpfBudrf xkwfjyefrnfqdkonfudk wGufcsuf&rnf/
odkYaomf wESpfvsSifwpfBudrftenf;qkH; xkwfjyef&rnf/

rdwfquf

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vkyfjcif;ponfwdkYjzifh pD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufvmatmif
vkyaf qmif&mwGif tvkyo
f rm;rsm;\ tajccH&ydik cf iG hf
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taoG;jynfh0jcif;? xkwfvkyfrItm;aumif;jcif; ponf
wdkYudk &&SdEdkifayrnf/
2/ ,ckvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsufwGif azmfjyxm;
aom vdktyfcsufrsm;onf tjynfjynfqkdif&m tvkyf

1

atmufajcrSwfpk 2 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh tjynfjynfqkdif&mtvkyform;
tzGJY oabmwlnDcsufrsm;\ vrf;nTefcsufrsm;ESifhtnD

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2
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aqmifEdkifcGifhESifh pkaygif;awmif;qdkrI
tjynfjynfqkdif&mtvkyform;tzGJY oabmwlnDcsuf 29 - t"r®
tvkyfapcdkif;jcif;
tjynfjynfqkdif&mtvkyform;tzGJY oabmwlnDcsuf 105 - t"r®tvkyf
apcdkif;rIudk zsufodrf;jcif;
tjynfjynfqkdif&mtvkyform;tzGJY oabmwlnDcsuf 138 - tedrfhqkH;
vkyfc
tjynfjynfqkdif&mtvkyform;tzGJY oabmwlnDcsuf 182 - uav;
tvkyform;rsm;ESifh ywfouffí tqdk;&Gm;qkH;aom ykHpHrsm;
tjynfjynfqkdif&mtvkyform;tzGJY oabmwlnDcsuf 100 - nDrsSonfh
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uav;oli,ftcGifhta&;qdkif&mukvor*¾ oabmwlnDcsuf - yk'fr 32(1)
a&TYajymif;tvkyform;rsm;ESifh olwdkY\rdom;pkwdkY\ tcGifhta&;udk tum
tuG,fay;rIESifh ywfoufonfh ukvor*¾ oabmwlnDcsuf

19

&olrsm;uJhodkYaom tumtuG,frJhonfh tvkyf
orm;rsm;tygt0if tvkyo
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taersm;udk jr§ifhwif&eff• t"r®tvkyfapcdkif;rIudk a&SmifMuOf&eff

vkyif ef;uGi;f qufwiG f vkyu
f ikd af eaomtvkyo
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ESifhywfoufí ,ckvkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsuftydk'f
8 rS 23 wGif yg0ifaom vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jynfhrD
atmifaqmif&Guf&rnf/

tokH;jyK&m e,fy,f3/ ,ckvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuftm; rnfodkYtokH;
csrnfqdkonfudkobm0ywf0ef;usifESifh &yf&Gmvlxk
vlrIb0tay:oufa&mufvmrnfh tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh
qdk;usdK;rsm;tm; azmfxkwfowfrSwfaomvkyfieff;pOf
twGif; xnfhoGif;qkH;jzwf&rnf/ ,ckvkyfaqmifrI
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh vdktyfcsuf
rsm;udk jynfhrDatmif aqmif&Guf&mwGif rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
vkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf (1) wGifazmfjyxm;onfh
obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&m pDrHcefYcGJrIpepf(ESMS) udk tokH;jyKí vkyfaqmif&rnf/
4/ ,ck vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuftm; tokH;csrnfh
twdkif;twmonf rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh 0efaqmifrIrsm;
udk &,lxm;olrsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm;tMum; tvkyf
cefYtyfrIqdkif&m qufqH aqmif&Gufa&;tay: rlwnf
onf/ rdrwd \Ykd axmufy0hH efaf qmifrrI sm;ud&k ,lxm;ol
rsm;u wdkuf½kdufqufqHuGyfuJaeaom tvkyform;
rsm; (wdkuf½dkufcefYtyfxm;aom tvkyform;rsm;)?
wwd,tpktzGJUuqufqHuGyfuJí pDrHudef;\ta&;ygaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfieff;pOfrsm;3wGif tcsdefumv
wm&Snfvkyfudkifonfh tvkyform;rsm; (rdrdwdkYESifh
vkkyfief; pmcsKyfcsKyfqdkxm;onfh uefx½dkufwmu
iSm;&rf;xm;aom tvkyform;rsm;)? rdrdwdkY0efaqmifrI
rsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;\ yifrpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;twGuft"duvdktyfaom ukefpnf (odkYr[kwf) ypönf;rsm;udk
pOfqufrysuaf y;oGi;f aeolrsm;u qufqaH qmif&u
G faeaomtvkyform;rsm; (xGufukef (odkYr[kwf)0efaqmifrIwck jzpfay:vma&;twGuf vdktyfonfh

3t"du ta&;ygaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfieff;pOfrsm;wGif xkwfvkyfjcif;ESifh
0efaqmifjcif;vkyfief;rsm; tusKH;0ifNyD; ,if;wdkYr&Sdygu oufqdkif&m
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; vkH;0aqmif&GufEdkifrnfr[kwfay/

20

rdrdwdkYESifh vkkyfief;pmcsKyfcsKyfqdkxm;onfh
uefx½dkufwmrsm;u iSm;&rf;xm;aom
tvkyform;rsm;
6/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh 0efaqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh rdrdwdkYESifh vkyfief;pmcsKyfcsKyfqkdxm;onfh
uefx½dkufwmrsm;u iSm;&rf;xm;aom tvkyform;
rsm;ESifhywfoufí ,ckvkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf
tydk'f 23 rS 26 wGif yg0ifaom vdktyfcsufrsm;udk
jynfhrDatmifaqmif&Guf&rnf/
xkwfukef (odkYr[kwf) aqmif&GufrI&&Sda&;twGuf
vdktyfonfh vkyfief;uGif;quf&Sd tvkyform;rsm;
7/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh 0efaqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh xkwfukef (odkYr[kwf) aqmif&GufrI&&Sda&;
twGuf vdktyfonfh vkyfief;uGif;quf&Sd tvkyform;
rsm;ESifhywfoufí ,ckvkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf
tydk'f 27 rS 29 wGif yg0ifaom vdktyfcsufrsm;udk
jynfhrDatmifaqmif&Guf&rnf/
vdktyfcsufrsm;
vkyfieff;cGiftajctaeESifh tvkyform;rsm;tm;
qufqHpDrHrI
vlom;t&if;tjrpfqdkif&mrlrsm;ESifh
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;
8/ rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh vlom;t&if;tjrpfqdkif&mrlrsm;ESifh vkyfxkH;
vkyfenf;rsm;udk csrSwftaumiftxnfazmf&mwGif
vlom;t&if;tjrpf\t&G,tf pm;ESihf vkyo
f m;tiftm;
wdkYtay:rlwnfí csrSwf&rnfjzpfovdk tvkyform;
rsm;tm;qufqHpDrH&mwGif ,ckvkyfaqmifrI pHowf
4ta&;ygaompD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;pOftwGuf vdktyfaom ypönf;u&d,m
rsm;udk ay;oGif;&aomolrsm;udk t"duay;oGif;ol[k ac:onf/

rSwfcsuf\ vkdtyfcsufrsm;? oufqdkif&mEdkifiHOya'
ponfwdkYESifhtnD vkyfaqmif&rnf/

qdkif&mESifh tvkyfcefYxm;jcif;qdkif&m pnf;rsOf;rsm;6udk
owfrSwf&rnf/

9/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHhulnDrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh tvkyform;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh
ywfoufaomtcsuftvufrsm;udk&Sif;vif;NyD;em;vnf&efvG,fulaom a0g[m&rsm;jzifh a&;om;í
tvkyform;rsm;od&Sdap&ef ay;tyf&rnf/ xdktvkyf
orm;tcGifhta&;rsm;[k qdk&mwGif tvkyfp0ifonfh
umvrSonf tcsdefumvESifhtnD ajymif;vJaeaom
4if;wdkY\ owfrSwftvkyfcsdef? vkyfc? tcsdefydktvkyf
qif;jcif;? tpm;xdk;avsmfay;jcif;ESifh tjcm;tusdK;
cHpm;cGifhrsm; tygt0ifjzpfaom pkaygif;oabmwlnD
csufrsm;ESifh oufqdkif&mEdkifiHu jyXmef;xm;onfh
tvkyform;&ydkifcGifh?
tvkyform;tcGifhta&;?
tvkyf&SifwdkY\wm0efydkif;qdkif&mOya'rsm;yg0ifonf/

11/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;ol
rsm;taejzifh a&TUajymif;tvkyform;rsm;u rnfol
rnf0gqdkonfudk od&SdatmifvkyfNyD; tvm;wltvkkyfudk
vkyfudkif&onfh a&TUajymif;tvkyform;r[kwfonfh
tjcm;tvkyform;rsm;enf;wl xdka&TUajymif; tvkyf
orm;rsm;tm; tvkyfydkif;qdkif&m &ydkifcGifhrsm; nDwlnDrsS&ap&ef vkyfaqmifay;&rnf/

vkyfief;cGiftajctaersm;ESifh
tvkyfcefYxm;jcif;qdkif&m pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfcsufrsm;
10/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;ol
rsm;taejzifh
tvkyform;tzGJYtpnf;wpfckckjzifh
tvkyf&SifESifY tvkyform;rsm;Mum; nd§ESdif;onfY
vkyfief;cGiftajctaeESifh tvkyfcefYxm;jcif;qdkif&m
babmwlnDcsuf (pkaygif;awmif;qdk nd§ESdif;rIjzifY
twnfNyKxm;onfh oabmwlncD surf sm;) (Collective
Bargaining Agreement) wGif yg0ifolwpfOD;jzpf
aeyguxdkoabmwlnDcsufrsm;udkav;pm;vdkufem&
rnf/ xdkodkYaomoabmwlnDcsufrsm; ray:xGef;Edkif
onfhtajctaewGif¤if;? (odkYr[kwf) ay:aygufNyD;
jzpfaomfvnf; vkyfief;cGiftajctaeESifh tvkyfcefY
xm;jcif;qdik &f mpnf;rsO;f owfrw
S cf surf sm;5ESiYf ouf
qdik of nfY jyóemrsm;udk rajz&Sif;EdkifvsSif¤if;? rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm; taejzifh
aMumif;usdK;qDavsmfaom
vkyfief;cGiftajctae

5
vkyfieff;cGiftajctaeqdkif&mESifh tvkkyfcefYxm;jcif;qdkif&m pnf;rsOf;rsm;
wGif Oyrmtm;jzifh vkyfcESifh tusdK;cHpm;cGifhrsm;? vkyfcavsmhcsjcif;?
tvkyfcsdefem&D? tcsdefydk tvkyfcsdefowfrSwfrI? tcsdefydkvkyfc? em;csdef?
em;&uf? usef;rma&;twGufay;aomcGifh? udk,f0efaqmifrD;zGm;cGifh? tem;,lvnfywfjcif;? tm;vyf&ufponfwdkYyg0ifonf/

12/ ,ckvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuft& tvkyf
orm;rsm;tm; aexdkifp&m0efaqmifrIrsm;7ay;&mwGifrdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh aexdkifp&m\ t&nftaoG;? vdktyfaom
tajccH0efaqmifrIrsm;8 ponfwdkYESifh ywfoufonfh
rlrsm;csrSwfNyD; taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmif&rnf/
aexdkifp&m 0efaqmifrIrsm;ay;&mwGifcGJjcm;uefYowfrI
r&Sdjcif;? nDrsSaomtcGifhtvrf;ay;jcif;ponfh tajccH
rlrsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Gufay;&rnf/ tvkyform;rsm;
tm;aexdkifp&m pDpOfay;&mwGif tvkyform;rsm;\vGwfvyfaomvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ESifh vGwfvyfpGm toif;
tyif; zGJUpnf;ydkifcGifhwdkYudk ruefYowf&/
tvkyform;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;13/ oufqdkif&mEdkifiH\ Oya'onf tvkyform;rsm;
toif;tyif;zGJYpnf;Edkifjcif;? tvkyform;rsm; t[efY
twm;wpkHw&mr&SdyJ ,if;toif;rsm;wGif vGwfvGwf
vyfvyf yg0ifEdkifjcif;? pkaygif;í nd§EIdif;oabmwlnDrI&,lEdkifjcif; ponfwdkYudk todtrSwfjyKxm;ygu
6
taMumif;usdK;qDavsmfaomvkyfieff;cGiftajctaeqdkif&mESifh tvkkyfcefY
xm;jcif;qdkif&mpnf;rsOf;rsm;udk qef;ppf&mwGif (1),if;wdkYonfxkdvkyfief;&Sd&m ae&m? a'otwGif;&Sd pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif&&Sdonfhtwdkif;
jzpf?rjzpf (2) xdkvkyfief;ESifhoufqdkifonfh tvkyf&SifESifh tvkyform;wdkY\
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tMum; pkaygif;nSdEIdif;oabmwljcif; (odkYr[kwf)tjcm;trsm;todtrSwfjyKonfh nSdEIdif;oabmwljcif; &Sd?r&Sd (3) ckHorm"dzGJYí pD&ifqkH;jzwfjcif;&Sd?r&Sd (4) oufqdkif&mEdkifiH\ Oya'rsm;wGif azmfjy
xm;csufrsm;ESifh nD?rnD ponfwdkYtay:rlwnf qef;ppf&rnf/
7
tqdkyg0efaqmifrIrsm;udk rdrdwdkY\axmufyHhrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;ujzpfap?
wwd,tpktzGJUujzpfapwdkuf½dkufaxmufyHhay;&rnf/
8
vdktyfaom tajccH0efaqmifrI[kqdk&mwGif tenf;qkH;aexdkifp&m
tus,ft0ef;? a&&&SdrI? oifhavsmfonfh rdv’mpepfESifh trdIufpGefYypf
pepf? tyl'Pf? tat;'Pf? pdkpGwfrI'Pf? qlnHrI'Pf? rD;'Pf? a&m*gydk;o,faqmifxm;onfh wd&dpämefrsm;ponfhab;rsm;rS vHkavmufaom tum
tuG,fay;rI? vkHavmufonfh oefY&Sif;a&;ypönf;rsm; &SdrI? av0ifavxGuf
aumif;rGefjcif;? csufjyKwfp&mae&mESifh ypönf;rsm;odrf;qnf;p&mae&m&SdrI?
obm0tvif;a&mifESifh tjcm;rD;tvif;a&mif &&SdrI? tcsdKYae&mrsm;wGifvdktyfrIt& tajccH usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI&&SdrI wdkYyg0ifonf/21

rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh xdkoufqdkif&mEdkifiH\ Oya'ESifhtnD vkdufyg
aqmif&Guf&rnf/ tu,fíoufqdkif&mEdkifiH\ Oya'
rsm;onf tvkyform;toif;tzGJUrsm;tm; odod
omomwif;Muyfxm;ygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmif
rIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh tvkyform;rsm;\
vkyfief;cGiftajctaeqdkif&m?tvkyfcefYxm;jcif;qdkif&mpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifhywfoufonfhtvkyf
orm;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk umuG,f&efjzpfap?
olwdkY\ epfemcsufrsm;udk wdkifwef;&efjzpfap? ponfwdkY
twGuf tvkyform;rsm;\ tpm;xdk;vkkyfaqmif&ef
BudK;yrf;rIrsm;udkruefYowf&yg/ rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh 0ef
aqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh xdktpm;xdk;
vkyaf qmifrpI epfrsm;udk vTr;f rd;k &ef(odrYk [kw)f xde;f csKyf&efrBudK;pm;&/
14/ ,ckvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf pmydk'f 13 wGif
azmfjyxm;onfh tajctaersm;ESifh oufqdkif&mEdkifiH\
Oya'rsm;u ,if;wdkYudk tumtuG,fray;xm;onfh
tajctaersm;wGif rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;
udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh tvkyform;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ udk,fpm;vS,fudka&G;cs,fjcif;? olwdkYESpfouf&m
tvkyform;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;odkY 0ifa&mufjcif;? pkaygif;
awmif;qdknd§eIdif;jcif;ponfwdkYudk r[efYwm;&ef vdktyf
ouJhodkY? xdkodkYaom tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif
yg0ifjcif; (odkYr[kwf) yg0if&efMudK;pm;jcif;? pkaygif;
awmif;qdknd§EIdif;zdkY vkyfaqmifjcif;ponfwdkYudk vkyf
aqmifaeonfh tvkyform;rsm;tm; cGJjcm;ueffYowf
jcif; (odkY) vufpm;ajcwkYHjyefjcif;wdkYudk rjyKvkyf&/
rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh xdktvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? xdktvkyf
orm;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;jzifh qufqHí t"dyÜg,fjynfh0
aom nd§EIdif;aqG;aEG;rItwGuf vdktyfonfhtcsuft
vufrsm;udk oifhawmfonfhtcsdefESifhtrDay;&rnf/
tvkyform;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;taejzifhvnf; oufqdkif&mvkyfom;tiftm;xktwGif;rS oifhawmfonfh tvkyf
orm;ta&twGufudk udk,fpm;jyKEdkifonfh tajctae
wGif&Sd&rnf/
cGJjcm;uefYowfrIr&Sdjcif;ESifh wef;wlaomtcGifhtvrf;
15/ tvkyfcefYtyf&mwGif rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrI
rsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh oufqdkif&mtvkyf
avQmufol\ tvkyfqdkif&mt&nftcsif;vdktyfcsuf
22

jynfhrD? rrDudkrlwnfí rMunhfyJ xdkol\ ykk*¾dKvfa&;
oabmobm0vu©Pm9rsm;udk rlwnfí tvkyfrcefY
tyf&ay/ tvkyfydkif;qdkif&mqufqHa&;ESifhywfoufí
Oyrmtm;jzifh - tvkyform;opfpkaqmif;jcif;ESifhiSm;&rf;jcif;? avsmfaMu;ay;jcif; (vkyfcESifh tusdK;
cHpm;cGit
hf ygt0if)? tvkycf iG t
f ajctaeESihf tvkycf efY
xm;jcif;qdkif&mpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfjcif;?
oifwef;ydkYvTwfjcif;? wm0efay;tyfjcif;? &mxl;wdk;ay;jcif;?
tvkyfrS &yfqdkif;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) tNidrf;pm;ay;jcif;?
pnf;urf;ydkif;qdkif&m ta&;,ljcif; ponfwdkYudk rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
vkyfaqmif&mwGif tvkyform;wdkif;tm; wef;wlaom
tcGifhtvrf;ay;í rQwpGmaqmif&GufaomtajccHrl
rsm; twdkif;aqmif&Guf&rnf/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0ef
aqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh tvkyform;
rsm; taESmifht&Sufay;cH&jcif;? Ncdrf;ajcmufcH&jcif;?
tjrwfxkwftokH;cscH&jcif;wdkYrSuif;a0;atmif tum
tuG,fay;&efvdkovdk ,if;odkYjyKrlrIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;&rnf (txl;ojzifhtrsdK;orD;tvkyform;rsm;ESifh ywf
oufíydktav;txm;&rnf)/ a&TUajymif;tvkyform;
rsm;cGJjcm;uefYowfjcif;rcH&atmifcsrSwfxm;onfht
umtuG,fay;onfhrlrsm;twdkfif; aqmif&Gufap&rnf/
16/ oufqdkif&mEdkifiH\ Oya'rsm;u cGJjcm;uefYowf
jcif;rvkyf&efwm;jrpfay;xm;ygu xdkodkYaomOya'rsm;
twdkif; rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrI&,lxm;olrsm;uvdkufygaqmif&Guf &rnf/ tu,fí oufqkdif&mEdkifiH\
Oya'onf tvkyftudkifESifhywfoufí cGJjcm;qufqH
rIr&Sdjcif;udk rnfodkYrsSazmfjyrxm;ygu rdrdwdkYaxmufyHh
0efaqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh ,ck vkyfaqmif
rIpHowfrSwfcsuftwdkif; jynfhrDatmif vkyfaqmif&
rnf/ oufqdkif&mEdkifiH\Oya'rsm;onfþvkyfaqmif
csufpHowfrSwfcsufESifh vdkfufavsmnDaxGrIr&Sdygu
rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh xdkEdkifiH\ Oya'rsm;udk azmufzsufjcif;r&SdyJ
txufyg tydk'f 15 wGif yg0ifaomtcsufrsm;ESifh
udkufnDatmifaqmif&Guf&rnf/
17/ oufqdkif&mEdkifiH\ Oya'ESifh tnD vnf;jzpfNyD;,cifujzpfcJhonfh cGJjcm;uefYowfrIrsm;tm; ukpm;&ef
9usm;^r? vlrsdK;? EdkifiHom;? wdkif;&if;om;? vlrIa&;? Xmaewdkif;&if;om;?
bmoma&; (odkYr[kwf) ,kHMunfrI? roefpGrf;rI? touf? vdifpdwfobm0
ponfh tajctaersm;

twGuf axmufyHhrI (odkYr[kwf) umuG,frIay;onfh
txl;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf¤if;(odkYr[kkwf)
oufqdkif&m EdkifiH\ Oya'ESifhtnDvnf;jzpfNyD;oD;oefY
tvkyf&mxl;wpfcktwGuf oufqdkifonfh vdktyfcsuf
rsm;tay: tajccHí a&G;cs,fxm;jcif;rsm;onf¤if;
cGJjcm;qufqHrI[k rowfrSwfEdkifay/
vkyfom;tiftm;avsmhcsjcif;
18/ vltrsm;tjym;tm;tvkyfxkwfypf&rI10 tajct
aewGif ,if;odkYrxkwfypfrD rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0ef
aqmifrrI sm;ud&k ,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh vkyo
f m;tiftm;
11
avsmhcsa&; tpm; tjcm;tpm;xdk;vkyfEdkifonfh t&m
rsm;udk qef;ppfavhvm&rnf/ tu,fí tpm;xdk;
vkyfaqmifp&mrsm;rawGU&Sdygu
vkyfom;tiftm;
avsmhcsjcif;aMumifh tvkyform;rsm;tay: usa&muf
rnfhqdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk enf;yg;ap&eftwGufvkyo
f m;tiftm; avsmch sa&;tpDtpOfukd aumif;rGepf mG
a&;qGNJ y;D taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u
G &f rnf/ vkyf
om;tiftm;avsmhcsa&;tpDtpOfudk cGJjcm;qufqHrI
r&Sdapa&; tajccHrltay:rlwnfí a&;qGJ&rnfjzpf
ovdk tvkyform;rsm;? tvkyform;rsm;\ tzGJUtpnf;
rsm;? (oifhavsmfygu) tpdk;&ponfwdkYESifh rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;uwdkifyifí&vmonfhtcsufrsm;udkvnf;,if;tpDtpOfwGifxnfh
oGif;pOf;pm;&rnf/ tu,fítvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;
wpfckckjzifh tvkyf&SifESifY tvkyform;rsm;Mum; nd§EIdif;
onfv
h yk if ef;cGitf ajctaeESit
hf vkycf efx
Y m;jcif;qdik &f m
oabmwlncD surf sm;(pkaygi;f awmif;qdk nd§EIdif;rINzifY
twnfNyKxm;onfh oabmwlnDcsufrsm;) &Sdaeygu?
,if;wdkYudkvnf;xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&efvdkonf/ rdrdwdkY\
axmufy0hH efaqmifrrI sm;ud&k ,lxm;olrsm;onf tpd;k &Xmeqdkif&mrsm;udk today;&mwGif¤if;? tvkyform;
rsm;ESifh ,if;wdkY\tzGJYtpnf;rsm;tm; owif;tcsuf
tvufay;jcif;?aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;jyKvkyf&mwGif¤if;?
oufqdkifonfh Oya'ydkif;qdkif&m? uefx½dkufpmcsKyfrsm;
qdkif&mvdktyfcsuftm;vkH;ESifhtnDaqmif&Guf&rnf/
10
vltrsm;tjym;tm;tvkyfxkwfypf&rnfhtajctaeqdkonfrSm pD;yGm;a&;t&jzpfap? pufrIenf;ynmydkif;tajctaet&jzpfap? tzGJYtpnf;qdkif&m
tajctaet&jzpfap? tvkyform;rsm;\pGrf;aqmif&nf (odkYr[kwf)yk*¾Kdvfa&;qdkif&m tajctaersm;ESifhrywfoufaom tjcm;tajctaersm;
t&jzpfap ponfhtaMumif;rsm;aMumifh tvkyform;trsm;tjym;udk
tvkyfxkwf&jcif;udk qdkvdkonf/
11
tpm;xdk;vkyfaqmifp&mrsm;wGif tvkyfcsdefudk nd§EIdif;NyD; avsmhcsjcif;?
tvkyform;rsm;tm; pGrf;aqmif&nfjrSifhwifay;onfh tpDtpOfrsm;?
xkwfukefusqif;onfhumvrsm;wGifa&&Snfxdef;odrf;a&;vkkyfief;rsm;
ponfwdkY yg0ifonf/

19/ tvkyfuxGuf&rnfh wifMudKtaMumif;Mum;pmrsm;?
tvkyfxkwf? tvkyfem;? tvkyfxGufNcif;wdkYtwGuf
tvkyform;udkOya'aMumif;t&ay;&rnfh avsmfaMu;
rsm;ESifh pkaygif;nd§EdIif;oabmwlnDcsufrsm;t& ay;&rnfhavsmfaMu;rsm;ponfwdkYtm; oifhavsmfonfhtcsdef
umvtwdkif; tvkyform;rsm;tm;vkH; vufcH&&Sd
atmif rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;ol
rsm;taejzifh aocsmpGmvkyfaqmif&rnf/ tvkyform;
rsm;tm; ay;p&musefaeonfh ,cifvpmaiGrsm;? vlrI
b0vkHNcKHrIqdkif&mtusdK;cHpm;cGifhrsm;? tNidrf;pm;vpm
ESifh tjcm;tusdK;cHpm;cGifhrsm; ponfwdkYudk ay;tyf&m
wGif (1) tvkyform;? tvkyf&SifwdkYMum; qufqH
aqmif&Gufa&;tqkH;owfrnfhtcsdef (odkYr[kwf) ,if;rwdkifciftcsdefwGif tvkyform;rsm;udk ay;tyf&rnf(2) oihfavsmfovdktvkyform;rsm;twGuf tusdK;
cHpm;cGifh (odkYr[kwf) (3) aiGaMu;ay;tyfrIudk pkaygif;
oabmwlnDcsufwGif yg0ifonfh tcsdefpm&if;twdkif;
ay;tyf&rnf/ tvkyform;rsm;tm; tusdK;cHpm;cGifh
twGuf aiGaMu;ay;onfhae&mwGif ,if;odkY ay;tyf
aMumif; taxmuftxm;udkvnf; tvkyform;rsm;tm; ay;tyf&rnf/
xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;udkawmif;qdkEdkifonfh ,EÅ,m;pepf
20/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;ol
rsm;taejzifh tvkyform;rsm; (tvkyform;tzGJYrsm;
ay:xGef;aeyguvnf;tvkyform;tzGJUrsm;tygt0if)
u 4if;wdkY\ vkyfief; cGif ESifh ywfoufaompdk;&drfrIrsm;udk
wifjyEdkif&eftwGuf epfemrIrsm;udk awmif;qdkEdkifonfh,Eå,m;pepfwpfckudk 4if;wdkYtwGuf wnfaqmuf
ay;xm;&rnf/ tvkyfpwifcefYtyfxm;csdefrSpí xdk
epfemrIrsm;udkawmif;qdkEdkifonfh,EÅ,m;pepfudk
rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olwdkY
taejzifh
tvkyform;rsm;tm;today;xm;&rnf
jzpfNyD; 4if;wdkYvufvSrf;rDEdkifa&; vG,ful&eftwGuf
vnf;pDrHay;&rnf/ xdk,EÅ,m;pepfwGif oufqdkif&m
oifhawmfonfh pDrHuGyfuJrIydkif;rS yk*¾dKvfrsm;udkvnf;
xnfhoGif;xm;&rnfjzpfouJhodkY yGifhvif;jrifomNyD;
trsm;em;vnfvG,fonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk tokH;jyKítvkyform;rsm;u wifjyvmonfh tcsufrsm;udk
tvsiftjrefajz&Sif; ay;Edkif&rnf/ xdkodkY vkyfaqmif
csufrsm;udkvnf; oufqdkif&mwifjyvmaom tvkyf
orm;rsm;xHodkYjyefvnfod&Sdap&eff vkyfaqmif&rnf/
pdk;&drfrIwifjyvmolrsm;tm; vufpm;ajc wkHYjyefcsuf
23

rsm;rvkyf&/ trnfrazmfyJ pdk;&drfrIwifjyvmonfrsm;
udkvnf; cGifhjyK&rnfjzpfNyD;? ,if;wifjycsufrsm;udk
ajz&Sif;ay;&rnf/ ,if;,EÅ,m;pepf taumiftxnf
azmfaqmif&Guf&mwGif oufqdkifolu tjcm; w&m;a&;(odkYr[kwf)tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk &,ljcif; (odkYr[kwf) tcsif;csif;nSdEIdif;ajz&Sif;í ajyvnfrI&,ljcif; (odkYr[kwf) pkaygif;oabmwlnDcsufjzifh
ajyvnfrI&,ljcif; ponfhenf;vrf;rsm;tm; t[efY
twm;jzpfatmif rvkyfaqmif&/
vkyfom;tiftm;udk tumtuG,fay;jcif;
uav;tvkyform;
21/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;ol
rsm;taejzifh uav;oli,frsm;udkpD;yGm;a&;tjrwf
xkwfonfhtaejzifh tvkyfay;tyfjcif; rvkyfaqmif&
ovdk uav;twGuftEÅ&m,f&Sdaom? uav;\ynma&;udkxdcdkufaom (odkYr[kwf)uav;\ usef;rma&;qdkif&m? pdwfydkif;ESifh½kyfydkif;qdkif&m? pdwf"mwfydkif;
qdkif&m? pm&dwåydkif;qdkif&m? vlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&mwdk;
wufrIudkxdcdkufaprnfh rnfonfhtvkyfudkrS apcdkif;
jcif;rjyK&ay/ tvkyform;rsm;xJwGif 18 ESpfatmuf
tvkyform;tm;vkH;udk rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrI
udk cH,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh rnfolrnf0god&Sdatmif
rSwfwrf;wifxm;&rnf/ t&G,fra&mufao;olrsm;
tm; tvkyfcefYtyfEdkifaMumif; oufqdkif&mEdkifiHOya'
rsm;wGifjyXmef;xm;ygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrI
udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh xdkOya'rsm;tm; tokH;cs&efjzpfEdkif? rjzpfEkdifudk avhvm&rnf/ ab;tEÅ&m,f
rsm;aomtvkyfrsm;12udk touf 18 ESpfatmuf
uav;rsm;tm;tvkyrf cef&Y ay/ touf18ESpaf tmuf
tvkyform;wdkif;udkvnf;vkyfief;cGiftEÅ&m,fuif;
ruif;qef;ppfavhvmcsufudk vkyfaqmifzdkYvkdtyfNyD;
xdkolwdkY\ usef;rma&;? vkyfieff;cGiftajctae? tvkyf
csdefwdkYudk ykHrSefavhvmMunhf½I&rnf/
12ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aomtvkyfrsm;wGif (1) udk,fum,ydkif;qdkif&m?
pdwfydkif;qdkif&m? vdifydkif;qdkif&m xdyg;usL;vGefcH&onfhtvkyfrsm; (2)ajratmuf? a&atmuf? jrifhrm;aomae&mrsm;? usOf;usyfydwfavSmifae
aomae&mrsm;wGifvkyf&onfhtvkyfrsm; (3)tEÅ&m,frsm;aom puf
u&d,mrsm;? pufypönf;rsm;? wefqmyvmrsm;udk tokH;jyK&onfh tvkyf
rsm;? tav;tyifxrf;&Guf&onfh tvkyfrsm; (4) tEÅ&m,frsm;onfh"mwfypönf;rsm;? "mwfypönf;xkwfvkyfrIrsm;? tylcsdef? qlnHoH? wkefcgrI
ponfhtajctaeatmufwGif vkyf&onfhtvkyfrsm; (5) tvkyfcsde&SnfMumjcif;? neufonfhtcsdefwGifvkyf&jcif;? tvkyf&Sifu owfrSwf
xm;onfh ae&m0ef;usifwGifomvkyf&jcif; ponfhcufcJonfh tvkyfcGiftajctaersm; ponfwdkYyg0ifonf/

24

t"r® cdkif;apcH&onfhtvkyform;
22/ wpfpkHwpfOD;wpfa,muftm; Ncdrf;ajcmufíjzpfap?
jypf'Pfay;jcif;jzifhjzpfap
ol\oabmqE´rygyJ
tvkyfvkyf&jcif;? 0efaqmifrIay;&jcif;ponf wpfckck
jzifh ywfoufaeonfh t"r®cdkif;apjcif;udk rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh rvkkyf&yg/ ,if;wGif rdrdqE´rygaom(odkYr[kwf)rjzpfrae
vkyfae&aom tvkyfvkyf&jcif; rSeforsS tusKH;0ifonf- Oyrm - pmcsKyf(odkY) ta~uG;jzihf csnfaESmifít"r®tvkyfapcdkif;cH&olrsm;? ta~uG;jyefausatmif
tvkyfvkyfay;&olrsm;?
tvm;wltvkyfvkyfay;&rnf[k oabmwlcsufrsm;jzifh vkyfae&olrsm;polrsm;
yg0ifonf/ rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh vlukeful;cH&olrsm;13udk tvkyf
rceffYtyf&yg/
vkyfieff;cGifqdkif&m usef;rma&;ESifh ab;uif;vkHNcHKa&;
23/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;ol
rsm;taejzifh vkHNcKHNyD; usef;rma&;t& pdwfcs&aom
vkyfief;cGifudkzefwD;ay;&rnf/ xdkodkYvkyfaqmif&mwGifvkyfief;cGif u@tvdkufjzpfvmEdkifonfh tEå&m,f
rsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfjzpfouJhodkY t&m0wåK
rsm;? "mwkypönf;rsm;? ZD0qdkif&m? "mwkowåd~uG"mwfa&mifjcnfqdkif&mponfhwdkYrS jzpfvmEdkifaom vkkyf
ief;cGifqdkif&mtoD;oD;aomab;tEÅ&m,ftrsdK;tpm;
rsm;udxk nfo
h iG ;f wGucf su&f rnf/ trsKd ;orD;rsm;twGufoD;jcm;jzpfEdkifonfh tEÅ&m,frsm;tygt0if tvkyfcGif
twGif; (odkYr[kkwf) vkkyfief;cGifESifhqufpyfaom
tEÅ&m,fjzpfapEdkifonfh taMumif;&if;rsm;udk rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;u wwfEdkif
orsSavsmhcsumuG,fxm;jcif;jzifh rawmfwqxdcdkufrI
rsm;? xdcdkuf'Pf&m&rIrsm;? a&m*ga0'emrsm;ponfwdkY
tvkyform;rsm; rxdcdkuf? rcHpm;&atmif vkyfaqmif
xm;&rnf/ urÇmhbPftkyfpk\ obm0ywf0eff;usif
qdkif&musef;rma&;ESifhab;uif;vkHNcKHa&;qdkif&m
13

vlukeful;jcif;udkt"dyÜg,fzGifh&mwGif jcdrf;ajcmufíjzpfap? tiftm;okH;í
jzpfap? zdtm;ay;jcif;? jyefay;qGJjcif;? vdrfnmjcif;? vSnfhpm;jcif;?
tmPmtvGJokH;jcif;ponfh rnfonfhenf;jzifhjzpfap (odkYr[kwf) tum
tuG,frJhjcif;udk tcGifhaumif;,líjzpfap? tjcm;wpfOD;wpfa,muftm;
xdef;csKyfí tMuifolwpfOD;tm; aiGaMu;?tusdK;cHpm;cGifhay;NyD; oabm
wlrI&,l&ef vkyfjcif;jzifhjzpfap tjrwfxkwftokH;cs&ef&nf&G,fcsufjzifh
wpfpkHwpfOD;tm; tvkyfcefYjcif;? o,f,lydkYaqmifjcif;? vGJajymif;ay;jcif;?
aep&may;jcif;? vufcHxm;jcif;wdkY tusKH;0ifonf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh
uav;rsm;onf vlukeful;cH&onfhab;udk ykdMuKH&Edkifonf/vrf;nTefcsufrsm;tygt0if EdkifiHwum todtrSwfjyK
tzGJYtpnf;rsm;u udkifpGJxm;onfwdkYudk azmfjyxm;
onfh EdkifiHwumvkyfieff;cGifqdkif&m vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;
aumif;rsm;14ESifh tnD rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk
cH,lxm;olrsm; taejzifhyl;wGJyg ta&;udpörsm;udk
vkyfaqmif&rnf/ (1) tvkyform;rsm;tm; xdcdkufvm
Edkifonfh tEÅ&m,frsm;udk od&Sdatmifvkyfxm;&rnf?
txl;ojzifh touftEå&m,fxdcdkufEdkifonfh ta&;udpöwdkYudk txl;tav;xm;&rnf/ (2) tEå&m,frsm;
aomt&mrsm;? tajctaersm;tm; tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;
apatmif rGrf;rHajymif;vJjcif;? tpm;xdk;vJvS,fjcif;?
y,fzsufvdkufjcif;ponfwdkYudk vkyfaqmif&rnf/ (3)tvkyform;rsm;tm; oifwef;ay;jcif;/ (4) vkyfief;
cGifqdkif&m rawmfwqjzpfrIrsm;? a&m*grsm;? xdcdkufrI
rsm;udk aocsmpGmrSwfwrf;wifjcif;ESifh tpD&ifcHjcif;/(5) ta&;ay:udpörsm;twGuf BudKwifumuG,fjcif;?
jyifqifxm;jcif;? jzpfvmygu wkHYjyefaqmif&GufEdkfifjcif;
wdkYtm; vkyfaqmif xm;&rnf/ ta&;ay:udpötwGuf
jyifqifxm;jcif;? wkHYjyeffaqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYESifh ywfouf
í xyfaqmif;tcsuftvufrsm;&,lvdku vkyfaqmif
rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 udknTef;vdkygonf/

vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsufwGifazmfjyxm;aom
vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDrI&Sd? r&Sd avhvmqef;ppf
Edkif&ef? pDrHEdkif&efwdkYtwGufrdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmif
rIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh rl0g'rsm;? vkyfxkH;vkyf
enf;rsm;udka&;qGJ&rnf/ xdkYjyif ,if;wwd,tkyfpkESifh
csKyfqdkaom uefx½dkufpmcsKyfoabmwlcsufrsm;wGiftqdkygvdktyfcsufrsm; yg0ifap&efftwGuf vkyfaqmif
Edkifajc&Sd&if&SdoavmufwdkufwGef;vkyfaqmifae&rnf/

Mum;cHwwd,tkyfpkESifh qufqHaqmif&Guf&aom
tvkyform;rsm;

xGufukef (odkYr[kwf)0efaqmifrIwckjzpfay:vma&;twGuf vdktyfonfh
vkyfief; uGif;quf

24/ Mum;cHwwd, tkyfpku uefx½dkufpmcsKyfrsm;jzifh
cefYtyfxm;aomtvkyform;rsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; rdrd
wdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;tae
jzifh ,if;tvkyform;rsm;tm; qufqHaqmif&Gufae
onfh Mum;cHwwd,tkyfpkrsm;onf odu©m&Sdonfh
w&m;0iftzGJYtpnf;rsm; jzpf?rjzpf aocsmpGm qef;ppf
xm;&efovdk xdkwwd,tkyfpkwdkYonf,ckvkyfaqmifrI
pHowfrSwfcsuf (pmydk'f 18-19 ESifh pmydk'f 27-29
wdkYrSty)wGifazmfjyxm;onfh vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifhtnD
jzpfonfh obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&m pDrH
cefYcGJrI pepf (ESMS) udk rlwnfí vkyfaqmifap&rnf/

25/ wwd,tkyfpku vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf þ14,if;wGif pGrf;aqmif&nf&SdNyD; tawGYtMuKHrsm;onfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;u EdkifiH
wumwGifjzpfap? a'owGif;wGifjzpfap tqdkyg qifwlonfh tajctae
rsm;atmufwGif &&Sdrnf[k arsSmfvifhxm;onfh tvkyfydkif;qdkif&m pGrf;aqmif&nf? wifMudKvkHYv&SdrI? owdxm;rI? a&SYwGifjzpfvmEdkifonfwdkYudk rSef;qrI
wdkYudktoHk;cs vkkyfaqmifrItjzpf t"dyÜg,foufrSwfonf/

26/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;ol
rsm;taejzifh pmykd'f 24 ESifh 25 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh
uefx½dkufpmcsKyfjzifh vkyfMu&aom tvkyform;rsm;tm; xdckdufepfemrIrsm;udkwdkifMum;Edkifonfh ,Eå,m;pepftm;vufvSrf;rDap&efvkyfaqmifay;&rnf/
tu,fíMum;cHwwd,tkyfpkwGif ,if;odkYxdcdkufepfem
rIrsm;udk wdkifMum;Edkifonfh ,EÅ,m;pepfr&Sdygu rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0effaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm; taejzifh rdrdwdkY\udk,fydkifxdcdkufepfemrIrsm;udk wdkifMum;Edkif
onfh ,EÅ,m;pepftm; Mum;cHwwd,tkyfpku
cefYtyfxm;onfh tvkkyform;rsm;twGuf toHk;jyKEdkif
a&;pDrHaqmif&Gufay;&rnf/

27/ rdrdwdkY yifrpD;yGm;a&;vkkyfief;pOftwGuf t"duvkkdtyfaom ukkefpnf (odkY)ypönf;rsm;udk pOfqufrjywf
ay;oGif;aeonfhvkyfief;uGif;qufrsm;wGif uav;
vkyfom;rsm;? t"r®apcdkif;rI15 rsm;&SdEdkifonfh tajc
taersm;wGif
rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm; taejzifh pmydk'f 21 ESifh 22 wGif
azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; xdktEå&m,f ta&;udpöwdkYudk
od&Sdatmifvkyfaqmif&rnf/ tu,fí uav;vkyfom; tokH;csjcif;? t"r®apcdkif;jcif;rsm;&Sdaeonfudk
awGY&ygu ,if;wdkYudk ajz&Sif;a&;twGuf vdktyfonfh
vkyfaqmif p&mrsm;udk pwifvkyfaqmif&rnf/ rdrd\t"du vkyfief;uGif;qufudk tcsdefESifhtrsS apmifhMunhf
avhvm&efvdktyfNyD; odomxif&Sm;onfhtajymif;tvJrsm;udk azmfxkwfoufrSwf&rnfjzpfonf/ tu,fí15
vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh tEÅ&m,fESifh
qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;tm; od&SdowfrSwfonfh vkyfief;pOftwGif;
uav;vkyfom;rsm;? t"r®cdkif;aprnfh tEÅ&m,frsm; &Sdvmrnfhta&;udk
azmfxkwfoufrSwf&rnf/

25

uav;vkyfom;tokH;csjcif;? t"r®apcdkif;jcif;rsm;xyf
rHjzpfyGm;ygu¤if;wdkYudk ajz&Sif;&efoifhavsmfonfh vkkyf
ief;pOfrsm;csrSwfaqmif&Guf&rnf/
28/ xdkYjyif rdrdwdkY\ xGufukef (odkYr[kwf) 0efaqmifrI
wpfckjzpfay:vma&;twGuf vdktyfonfh vkyfief;uGif;
qufwGif tvkyfvkyfaeaom tvkyform;rsm;\ vkyf
ief;cGifab;uif;vkHNcKHa&;ESifh ywfoufí pdk;&drfp&m
tEå&m,frsm;&Sdaeygu ,if;wdkYrjzpfatmif umuG,fjcif;rStp? touftEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifonfhtajctae
rsm;udka&Smif&Sm;&ef (odkY)jyKjyif&eftwGuf vdktyfonfhvkyx
f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;? avsmu
h sap&efaqmif&u
G cf surf sm;
udrk rd w
d \Ykd vkyk if ef;uGi;f qufrsm;odrYk w
d q
f ufay;&rnf/

26

29/ ,if;odkYvkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;rsm; rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;wGif &Sdonf? r&Sdonf
qdkonfhtcsufonf oufqdkif&m xdkolwdkYurdrdwdkY\t"du vkyfieff;uGif;qufudk rnfodkYpDrHxdef;ausmif;
oenf;qdkonfhtay:wGif rlwnfonf/ tu,fíajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufay;&ef rpGrf;EdkifonfhtajctaersdK;
wGif rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh ,ckvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsufESifhtnD
vkyfaqmifaeonfudk vufawGUjyoEdkifonfh tjcm;
vkkyfief;ay;oGif;olrsm;jzifh tcgtm;avsmfpGmajymif;vJ
vkkyfudkif&rnf/

rdwfquf

1/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; wdk;jr§ifhaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;? NrdKUjy
wdk;csJUwnfaqmufrIrsm;onf avxk? a&xk? ajrxk
ponfwdkY ydkínpfnrf;vmapNyD; vkHavmufrIwGif
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tylESifh tat;pGrf;tifponfwdkY xkwfvkyfjcif; udkqdkvdkonf/

29

onfh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf; rsm;9udk tokH; cs&rnf/
a&tokH;csjcif;
9/ pDrHudef;onf a&trsm;tjym; okH;pGJ&rnfh pDrHudef;
rsdK;jzpfygu ,ckvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsufwGifazmfjy
xm;onfh t&if;tjrpfrsm; rysufpD;apyJ tusdK;jzpf
atmiftokH;cs&mwGif vkyfaqmif&rnfh vdktyfcsufrsm;
tjyif pDrHudef;u xdkodkYa&udk trsm;tjym;tokH;jyK
Ncif;aMumifh tjcm;ae&mrsm;odkY qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrI
rsm; tBuD;trm;rjzpf&eftvdkYiSm a&okH;pGJrI avsSmhcsEdkif
atmif (odkYr[kwf) rokH;yJaeEdkifatmif vdktyfonfh
aqmif&Gufp&menf;vrf;rsm;udk csrSwf&rnf/ ,if;enf;vrf;rsm;udkpOf;pm;&mwGif rdrdwdkY\pDrHudef;vkyfief;
vkyfaqmifonfhae&mrsm;wGif xyfqifhenf;ynmydkif;
qdkif&mjzpfEdkifacs&dSaom? a&udkxdef;odrf;onfhenf;
vrf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;? a&&&Sda&;twGuf tpm;xdk;
vrf;aMumif;udk &SmazGjcif;? a&oHk;pGJrItwGuf a&t&if;
tjrpfavSsmhusrI? ysufpD;rIudkzmax;onfh oabmjzifh&Edkifonfh a&yrmPtwdkif;twmtwGif; a&t&if;
jrpfudkoHk;pGJ&efpkaygif;vdktyfrIudkavSsmhcsjcif;? tpm;xdk;
pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;udk&SmazGoHk;oyfjcif; ponfwdkYudk
vnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf/
obm0ywf0ef;usif npfnrf;rIumuG,fjcif;
10/
obm0ywf0ef;usiftm; npfnrf;aponfh
t&mrsm; pGefYypfjcif;udk rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrI
udk &,lxm;olrsm; taejzifh rjyKvkyf&ef a&Smif&Sm;&rnf(odkYr[kwf) a&Smif&Sm;&efrjzpfEdkifaomtcg xdkt&mrsm;
pGefYypfjcif;udk pGefYypfonfhyrmPESifh tBudrfta&
twGuf enf;yg;atmif (ESifh) (odkYr[kwf) xdef;csKyfEdkif
atmifvkyfaqmif&rnf/ xdkodkYpGefYypfonf qdk&mwGifavxk? a&xktwGif;ESifh ajrBuD;ay:odkY tcsdeftcg
tvdkuf ykHrSefpGefYypfjcif;? &Hzef&HcgpGefYypfjcif;? rawmf
wqpGefYypfjcif;rsm;ponfh tm;vkH;udk qdkvdkonf/ xdk
odkYaompGefYypfrIrsm;aMumifh&yf&Gma'otwGif;? e,fajra'otwGif;jzpfap e,fpyfjzwfausmfoufa&mufrIudk

9&moDOwkajymif;vJa&;qdkif&mta&;twGuf

tpdk;&rsm;qdkif&mtzGJU(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) ? EdkifiHwum tzGJUtpnf;

toD;oD;? oufqdkif&m tdrf&SifEdkifiHrSXmersm; tp&SdonfwdkYrS xkwfjyefxm;
onf wdkif;wma&; enf;vrf;rsm;30

jzpfaponfh10 qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm; &SdEdkifonf/
ajrMuD;ESifh ajratmufa&rsm;wGif npfnrf;rIrsm;uJhodkY
twdwfü jzpfyGm;cJhaom ywf0ef;usif npfnrf;rSkrsm;
jzpfay:aeygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm; taejzifh xdkodkYnpfnrf;rIrsm; enf;yg;
avsmhusap&ef tpDtrHrsm; vkyfaqmif&efwm0ef&Sd?
r&Sdudk qef;ppf&rnf/ tu,fí rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0ef
aqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh Oya't& wm0ef&Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&ygu oufqdkif&mEdkifiH\ Oya't&(odkYr[kwf) xdkodkYaomOya'rsm;&Sdraeygu EdkifiHw
umvkyif ef;cGiq
f ikd &f mvkyx
f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;11 (GIIP)
ESifhtnD ta&;,lajz&Sif;&rnf/
11/ pDrHudef;rS teD;0ef;usif&Sdobm0ywf0ef;usif?
teD;0ef;usif&Sdvuf&Sdobm0ywf0ef;usif tajctae12rsm;tay:odkY oufa&mufvmEdkifonfh qdk;usdK;rsm;
udkajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf&mwGifatmufygtaMumif;jcif;&mrsm; tygt0ifoufqdkifonfh taMumif;jcif;&mrsm; udk
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf/ Oyrm (1) teD;0ef;usif&Sd
vuf&Sdobm0ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm;(2)obm0
ywf0ef;usifunpfnrf;ypönf;rsm;udk vufcHpkyf,l&m
wGiftuefYtowfESifh&Sdaeonfh pGrf;&nf13 (3) vuf&Sd
ESifh tem*wfajr,mokH;pGJrI (4)ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJrsm;
jzpfwnfrItwGuf ta&;BuD;aom ae&ma'orsm;ESifh
pDrHudef;ae&mtMum; tuGmta0;(5) rnfodkYjzpfvm
rnfurkd odaom(ESi)hf (odrYk [kw)f jyefupk m;í r&Edik af om
aemufqufwGJqdk;usdK;rsm;jzpfvmrnfh pkaygif; qufpyf
oufa&mufrINzpfvmEdkifaom tajctae ponfwdkY
jzpfonf/ pDrHudef;onf umAGef"mwfaiGUpkyf,lEdkifrI
tm;enf;aeaom t&nftaoG;usqif;aeNyDjzpfaom
ae&ma'owGif&SdaeNyD; pDrHudef;rS zefvkHtdrf "mwfaiGY
xkwfvTifhrIuvnf; rsm;jym;Edkifrnfqdkygu rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
10e,fpyfjzwfausmf oufa&mufrIudkjzpfaponhf npfnrf;ypönf;rsm;wGifta0;odkY oufa&mufonfh e,fpyfNzwfausmfavxknpfnrf;rIqdkif&m
EdkifiHwum oabmwlnDcsufwGifazmfjyxm;aom t&mrsm; yg0ifonf/(The Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution.)11,if;wGifnpfnrf;rIudkjzpfaponfholrsm;? &yf&Gmvlxk? a'oqdkif&mtpdk;&?
EdkifiHtpdk;&ponfwdkYESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfEdkifNyD; GIIPESifhEHS
Guidelines wdkYwGif azmfjyxm;onfhcsOf;uyfrIrsm;twdkif;vkyfaqmif&rnf/
12
Oyrm - avxk? ajrrsufESmjyif? ajratmufa& ESifh ajrqDvTm
13
npfnrf;ypönf;rsm; wjznf;jznf;rsm;vmjzif;udk pkyf,lzsufqD;Edkfifonfh
obm0ywf0ef;usif\pGrf;aqmifEkdif&nf/ ,if;okdYpkyf,lzsufqD;NyD;~uGif;
usef&pfonfh npfnrf;ypönf;rsm;onf vltrsm;usef;rma&;ESifh obm0
ywf0ef;usifudk vufrcHEdkifatmifqdk;&Gm;onfh tEå&m,ftxdrjzpfaponfh
tqifhatmufwGif &Sdae&rnf/

,ckvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsufwGif azmfjyxm;onfh
t&if;tjrpfudk txdtcdkuftysuftpD;enf;EdkiforSs
enf;yg;atmifvkyfNyD;
tusdK;trsm;qkH;jzpfatmif
vkyfaqmifonhf enf;pepfrsm;? npfnrf;ypönf;rsm;udk
xdef;csKyfonfh enf;pepfrsm;udk tokH;csonfhtjyif
qdk;usdK;rsm;udk a&Smif&Sm; (odkYr[kwf) avsSmhcsEdkifa&;
twGuf aemufxyfAsL[mrsm;? enf;emrsm;udk csrSwf
aqmif&Guf&efpOf;pm;&rnf/ AsL[mrsm;pOf;pm;&mwGif
pDrHudef;ae&m ajymif;vJtpm;xdk;jcif;ESifh zefvkHtdrf"mwfaiGYxkwfvTwfrItwGuf tavsmftpm;jyefvnf
Yk v
kd nf;xnfo
h iG ;fay;tyfjcif;(emission offsets)wdu
pOf;pm;rnfh t&mrsm;wGif xnfhoGif;&rnf/
pGefYypfypönf;rsm;
12/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;ol
rsm;taejzifh ab;tEå&m,f&Sdaom? ab;tEå&m,f
ray;aom rnfokdYaom pGefYypfypönf;rsm;jzpfap? pGefYypf
ypönf;rsm; jzpfay:vmrnfhta&;udk a&Smif&Sm;&rnf/,if;odkYaom pGefYypfypönf;udpöudk ra&Smif&Sm;Edkifygu
vnf; pGefYypfypönf;rsm; jzpfay:vmonfudk avsSmhcsjcif;?
pGefYypfypönf;rsm;udk jyefvnf jyifqiftokH;jyKjcif;(recover or reuse) wdkYudk vlom;wdkY\usef;rma&;ESifh
obm0ywf0ef;usifudkab;uif;aponfh enf;emrsm;
jzifh pDrHaqmif&Gufvkyfaqmif&rnf/ tu,fí pGefYypf
ypönf;rsm;udk jyefvnfjyifqifjcif;? jyefvnftokH;cs
jcif;wdkY raqmif&GufEkdifawmhygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh obm0
ywf0ef;usifudk rxdcdkufapaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh,if;wdkYudk zsufqD; (odkYr[kwf) pGefYypf&rnf/ xdkodkY
aqmif&Guf&mwGifvnf; pGefYypfypönf;rsm;udk pGefYypf
aomvkyfieff;pOftwGif; zefvkHtdrf"mwfaiGUxkwfvTwf
jcif;?
"mwfypönf;t~uGif;tusefrsm;usef&Sdaejcif;
ponfwdkY rjzpfatmif oifhavsmfaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh
aqmif&Guf&rnf/ tu,fípGefYypfypönf;rsm;onfab;
tEÅ&m,f&Sdaomypönf;rsm;jzpfygu14 rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm; taejzifh obm0
ywf0ef;usifudk rxdcdkufaponfhenf;vrf;jzifh pGefYypf&eftwGuf EdkifiHwumvkyfief;cGifqdkif&m vkyfxkH;vkyf
enf;rsm; (GIIP)wGif azmfjyxm;onhftwdkif; vkyf

14
EdkifiHwumoabmwlpmcsKyfrsm; (odkYr[kwf) a'owGif; Oya'rsm;ut"dyÜg,fzGifhxm;onfhtwdkif;jzpfonf/

aqmif&rnfjzpfovdk EkdifiHe,ferdwfausmfvGefNyD;15
vkyfaqmifonfh udpörsm;wGifvnf; csrSwfxm;onfh
tueffYtowfpnf;rsOf;rsm;twdkif; vdkufemaqmif&Guf&rnf/ tu,fí tEÅ&m,frsm;aom pGefYypfypönf;rsm;ta&;udk udkifwG,faqmif&Gufolrsm;rSm wwd,tpk
tzGJYrsm;jzpfygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh oufqdkif&mtpdk;&rsm;\pnf;
rsOf;qdkif&mxdef;ausmif;onfh Xmersm;rSvkyfieff;vdkifpif
xkwfay;xm;aom odu©m&Sdonfh w&m;0ifukrÜPDrsm;
udkom uefx½dkufwmrsm;tjzpf tokH;jyK&rnf/ xdkYjyif
pGefYypfypönf;rsm; aemufqkH;pGefYypfvdkufonf txdMum;
tqifhwdkif;wGif ,if;pGefYypfypönf;rsm;tm;rnfokdYrnf
ykH&,lvTJajymif;vdkufonfudk azmfjyxm;onfh pm&Guf
pmwrf;taxmuftxm;rsm;udkvnf; &,l odrf;qnf;
xm;&rnf/ vdkifpif&xm;aompGefYypfypönf;pkykH&mae&m
onf vufcEH ikd pf &mpnf;rsO;f owfrw
S cf surf sm;ESithf nD
pDrHvkyfaqmifaeaMumif; aocsmap&efvnf; rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;u avhvm&
rnf/ xdkodkYaocsmrSom xdkae&mrsm;udk tokH;cs&rnf/
tu,fí xdo
k pYkd w
d cf spmG pGeyYf pfEikd af omae&mjzpfaMumif;?
rjzpfaMumif;od&&dS efrqef;f ppfEidk yf gu rdrwd \Ykd axmufyhH
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh xdkae&mrsm;
odkYydkYaeonfhpGefYypfypönf;rsm; avQmhcsEdkifa&;twGuf
vkyaf qmifoiho
f nf? xdjYk yifprD u
H ed ;f ae&mwGiyf if pGeyYf pf
ypönf;rsm;udk jyeffvnfjyifqiftokH;csjcif;? rdrdbmom
pGefYypfonfhae&mrsm; pDpOfjcif;tygt0if pGefYypfa&;
twGuf tjcm;tpm;xdk;enf;vrf;rsm;udk pOf;pm;
aqmif&Guf&rnf/
ab;tEå&m,frsm;aomypönf;rsm;tm; pDrHaqmif&GufrI
13/ pDrHudef;taejzifh ab;tEå&m,frsm;aom ypönf;
rsm;udk wpfcgwpf&HwGif ukefMurf;tjzpftokH;csonf
rsm;vnf;&So
d vd?k wpfcgwpf&w
H iG vf nf; xGuu
f ek tf jzpfxGufvmonfrsm;vnf;&Sdonf/ xdkodkY ab;tEÅ&m,f
rsm;aomypönf;rsm;xGuf&Sdvmjcif;udk rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh rjzpfay:
vmap&ef a&Smif&Sm;oifhonf? ra&Smif&Sm;Ekdifygu xdkodkY
15
ab;tEå&m,frsm;aomypönf;rsm;udk EkdifiHe,ferdwfrsm;jzwfausmfa&TU
ajymif;&mwGif oufqdkif&mEdkifiHqdkif&m? a'oqdkif&m? EdkifiHwumqdkif&m
Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfonf/ xdkOya'rsm;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aompGeyYf pfypön;f rsm; Edik if eH ,ferdwjf zwfausmo
f ,faqmifjcif;?
pGefYypfjcif;wdkYudk xdef;csKyfonfh abq,fvf EdkifiHwum oabmwlpmcsKyf(Basel Convention)? pGefYypfypönf;rsm;ESifhtjcm;t&mwdkY pkykHpGefYypfjcif;
aMumifh yifv,fa&jyifnpfnrf;rI tEå&m,frSumuG,fjcif;qdkif&m vef'ef
oabmwlnDcsuf (London Convention) wdkYudkvnf; xnfhoGif;&rnf/

31

xGuf&Sdvmjcif;udk avsSmhcs&ef? xdef;odrf;&ef vkyfaqmif&rnf/ xdo
k aYkd omrljzifh pDru
H ed ;f vkyif ef;rsm;ESiyhf wfouf
vsif&Sdaeonfh ab;tEå&m,frsm;aomypönf;rsm; xkwf
vkyfjcif;?
o,f,lydkYaqmifjcif;?
udkifwG,fjcif;?
odkavSmifjcif;? tokH;jyKjcif;ponfhwdkYudk qef;ppf&rnf/
ab;tEå&m,frsm;aom ypönf;wdkYudk pDrHudef;vkyfieff;
rsm;wGiftokH;jyKrnfqdkygurdrdwdkYaxmufyHh0efaqmif
rIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh ydkí ab;tEå&m,f
enf;yg;onfhypönf;rsm;udk tpm;xdk;tokH;cs&ef pOf;pm;&rnf/ ab;tEå&m,frsm;aomypönf;rsm;u jzpfap
onfh tqdy"f mwfaMumifo
h uf&ZdS 0D ½kyrf sm;tay:qd;k usKd ;oufa&mufjcif;? obm0ywf0ef;usifu pkyf,lzsufqD;&efrvG,fonfh"mwfypönf;rsm; jzpfay:vmjcif;? ouf&Sd
ZD0½kyfrsm;wGif tqdyf"mwfrsm;ydkygvmEdkifrnfh tajc
taeydkrsm;vmjcif;? tdkZkef;vTmyg;16vmEdkifjcif;ponf
wdkY jzpfvmEdkifonfhtwGuf EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;uokH;pGJrI wjznf;jznf;avsSmhcsaeonfh (odkYr[kwf) ydwf
yifxm;onfh ,if;ab;tEå&m,frsm;aom ypönf;rsm;?
"mwkypönf;rsm; udk rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;u xkwfvkyfjcif;? ukefoG,fjcif;? tokH;
jyKjcif;wdkYudk a&Smif&Sm;&rnf/(aemufqkH;taejzifh) "mwkypönf;qdkif&m enf;vrf;wdkY
tygt0if ab;jzpfapaomydk;rTm;ESifh wd&dpämefrsm;
ESdrfeif;onfhenf;vrf;rsm;udk vlESifh tjcm;wd&dpämefrsm;
tm; rxdcdkufap&ef? ab;rjzpfap&efumuG,fonhf&nfrSef;csufjzifh vkyfaqmif&rnf/

ydk;owfaq;okH;pGJjcif;ESifh pDrHaqmif&GufrI
14/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;ol
rsm;taejzifh vkdtyf&ifvdktyfovdk a&m*gjzpfaponhf
ydk;rTm;? wd&dpämefESdrfeif;a&;twGuf pepfwus aygif;pyf
pDrHceYfcGJrI (IPM) (ESifh) (odkYr[kwf) ul;pufa&m*go,faqmifxm;aom ydk;rTm;wd&dpämefrsm;udk ESdrfeif;a&;twGufpepfwusaygif;pyfpDrHceYfcGJrI(IVM)udk csrSwf
aqmif&uG &f rnf/ xdo
k aYkd qmif&u
G &f mwGitf rsm;jynfol
use;f rma&;ESihf pD;yGm;a&;t&xdcu
kd o
f nfu
h ;l pufa&m*g
rsm; o,faqmifxm;onfh ydk;rTm;rsm;? wd&dpämefrsm;udk
tav;ay;ESdrfeif;&rnfjzpfonf/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;\ (IPM)? (IVM)
jyKvkyfaom enf;pepfrsm;wGif ydk;rTm;? wd&dpämefESifh
obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;udkvnf;
xnfo
h iG ;f pOf;pm;&rnfjzpfovdk ,Ofaus;rIEiS hf qufE,
G faomtavhtxrsm;? ZD0qdkif&m rsdK;ADZqdkif&m?

16/ rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;
olrsm;taejzifh ydk;owfaq;okH;pGJ&mwGif atmufyg
wdkYudk a&Smif&Sm;Edkifa&;twGufpOf;pm;NyD; okH;pGJ&rnf(1) rdrdypfrSwfxm;&mydk;rTm;rsm;\ &efolrsm;udk rxd
cdkufap&ef a&Smif&Sm;&rnf? ra&Smif&Sm;Edkifu xdcdkufrI
enf;atmifavsSmhcs&rnf/ (2) rdrdypfrSwfxm;&m ydk;rTm;
ESifh wd&dpämefrsm; ydk;owfaq;cHEdkif&nf ydkydkrsm;vmrnfh
ta&;udka&Smif&Sm;&rnf? ra&Smif&Sm;Edkifu avsSmhcs&
rnf/ xdkYjyif ydk;owfaq;rsm;udk udkifwG,fpDrHjcif;?
odak vSmifjcif;? tok;H jyKjcif;? pGeyYf pfjcif;wdu
Yk kd vkyaf qmif
&mwGif urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mESifh pdkufysdK;a&;tzGJY (FAO)
u xkwfjyefxm;onfh ydk;owfaq;okH;pGJjcif;ESifh jzefYjzL;
jcif;qdkif&mEdkifiHwumusifh0wfpnf;urf;ESifhtjcm;EdkifiH
wumvkyfief;cGifqdkif&m vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; (CIP)
wGifazmfjyxm;onfrsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnf/

16
vlUusef;rma&;ESihfobm0ywf0ef;usifudkqdk;&Gm;pGmxdcdkufapaom tqdyf
oihfaponhf "mwkypönf;rsm;qdkif&m pawmh[krf;oabmwlnDcsuf? tdkZkef;
vTmyg;vmaponfh t&mrsm;qdkif&m rGefx&D&,fnd§EIdif;csufrsm;\ &nfrSef;
csufrsm;ESifhtnD vkdufygaqmif&Guf&rnf/ ydk;owfaq;tqifhrsm;ESifh ywf
oufívnf;urÇmu
h se;f rma&;tzGUJ ucsrw
S x
f m;csurf sm;ESit
hf nDvyk af qmif
&rnf/

32

15/ ydk;owfaq;rsm;okH;pGJ&mwGif "mwkydk;owfaq;rsm;
okH;pGJ&efvdktyfaeygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrI
rsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh vlrsm;tm; tqdyf
tawmufjzpfaprIenf;yg;onfh "mwkydk;owfaq;rsm;
udkokH;pGJ&rnf/ xdk"mwkaq;0g;onf oufqdkif&mydk;rTm;
tm; tm;aumif;aumif;jzifh ESdrfeif;Edkifonfhtajctae&Sdaomfvnf; rdrdwdkYypfrSwfrxm;onfh tjcm;ydk;aumif
rsm;ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usiftay: xdcdkufrI enf;yg;&ef
vnf; *½kpdkuf&efvdkonf/ rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmif
rIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh ydk;owfaq; a&G;cs,f&mwGif ydk;owfaq;rsm;udk xnfhxm;onfht&monf
vkHNcKHaumif;rGefjcif; &Sd? r&Sd? pdwfcsab;uif;pGm tokH;jyK&rnfh enf;ay;vrf;nTefcsufrsm;yg? ryg? pnf;rsOf;
owfrw
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f m;jcif; [kw?f r[kwfponfhtcsufrsm; tay:rlwnfí a&G;cs,f&rnf/

17/ urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJY (WHO) u ab;tEÅ&m,f
rsm;aom ydk;owfaq;tqifh Ia (ab;tEå&m,ftvGef
rsm;aomtqifh) odkYr[kwf Ib (ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;
aomtqifh)0if ydk;owfaq;rsm;udk rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh0,f,ljcif;?

odkavSmifjcif;? okH;pGJjcif;? xkwfvkyfjcif; (odkYr[kwf)ukefoG,fjcif;wdkYtvsOf;rvkyf&/ tqifh II tawmf
toifh tEå&m,frsm;aomtqifh0if ydk;owfaq;rsm;
ESifh ywfoufvsSifvnf; tu,fípDrHudef;u ,if;ydk;
owfaq;rsm; xkwfvkyfjcif;? 0,f,ljcif;? jzefYa0jcif;?
okH;pGJjcif;wdkYudkoifhavsmfpGm xdef;csKyfEdkfifpGrf;r&Sdygu
rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh ,if;tqifh II 0if ydk;owfaq;rsm;udk 0,f,ljcif;? odkavSmifjcif;? okH;pGJjcif;? xkwfvkyfjcif;(odkYr[kwf) ukefoG,fjcif;wdkYrvkyf&ay/ ydk;owfaq;
wGif yg0ifaom "mwkypönf;rsm;taMumif; oifwef;
rNyD;ao;olrsm;? tumtuG,fypönf;ESifh udkifwG,f&ef?
odkavSmif&eff? tokH;jyK&ef? pGefYypf&eftwGufoifhavsmf
onft
h &mrsm;r&Syd gu ,if;yd;k owfaq;rsm;ESihf ywfouf
í rnfolYudkrQwm0efray;&/
Scope of Application

33

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apmifha&Smufrnfqdkonfudk od&SdtodtrSwfjyKxm;pOf
rSmyif pDrHudef;ESifhywfoufonfh vkyfief;rsm;aMumifh
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udkufnD&rnf/

37

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38

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vlxk

39

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40

vkyfaqmif&mwGif xdcdkufcH&aom &yf&Gmvlxktm;
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41

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ydkifqdkifxm;oljzpfyguajymif;a&TU&onfh ae&mopfwGif(jzpfEdkifygu)13 ajr,mudktpm;xdk;tavsmfay;&rnf/

11

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13
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14

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15
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16
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aqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf pDpOfxm;aom tm;udk;tm;
xm;jyK&m pepfwpfckvnf; yg0ifonf/
ajymif;a&TYae&mcsxm;jcif;ESifhtoufarG;0rf;ausmif;
vkyfief;rsm; jyefvnfwnfaxmifa&;
vkyfief;tpDtpOfqGJjcif;ESifhtaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;
12/ nd§EIdif;qHk;jzwfaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifhjzpfap? w&m;0if
ajr,modrf;,ljcif;jzifhjzpfapoufqdkifolwdkY\ oabmqE´rygyJa&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;rIrsm;udk a&SmifvGJí r&awmhonfhtcg pDrHudef;aMumifhajymif;a&TU&rnfholrsm;
rnfolrnf0gqdkonfudkodEdkif&eftwGuf¤if;? rnfolY

udktavsmfay;jcif;? axmufyHhjcif;17vkyfay;&rnfudkod&Sd &eff¤if;? a&TUajymif;cH&olrsm;wGifryg0ifyJ tcGifhta&;
vdkcsifí ajymif;a&TUtajccsvmolrsm;udk wm0ef,lay;&efrvdkonfhtwGuf xdkolrsm;udk z,fxkwfEkdifa&;
twGuf¤if; tajccHvlrIpD;yGm; tcsuftvufppfwrf;
aumuf,lxm;&rnf/ oufqkdif&mtpdk;&\ vkyfief;pOf
wGif ryg0ifygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;taejcifh rnfolrnf0gu tavsmfay;
xdkufonfhpm&if;wGiftusKH;0ifonfqdkonfhtaMumif;
aemufqkH;owfrSwf xkwfjyefonhfaeY (cut off date)udk qkH;jzwf&rnf/ ,if;aemufqkH;aeYowfrSwfcsufESifh
ywfoufonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk aocsmpGmrSwfwrf;wifxm;NyD; ,if;tcsuftvufrsm;udk ouf
qdkif&m pDrHudef;e,fajrwGif aocsmpGmjzefYcsd&rnf/
13/ tu,fí a&TYajymif;cH&rnfholrsm;u ,ck vkyf
aqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuft& tavsmfay;rnfqdkonfh
urf;vSrf;csufudk y,fcsaomtcg ajr,mudk odrf;,l&jcif; (odkYr[kwf) odrf;Edkif&eftwGuf tjcm;Oya'aMumif;qdkif&mrsm;udk vkyfaqmif&onfhtcg rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
oufqdkif&m tpdk;&Xmejzifh yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifa&;
twGufBudK;yrf;&rnf/ tu,fí,if;Xmeuvnf;
cGifhjyKygu ajymif;a&TUae&mcsxm;a&;twGuf tpD
tpOfqGJjcif;? taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;?
jyefvnfMunfh½Iqef;ppfjcif;wdkYudk vkyfaqmif&rnf/(pmykd'f 30-32 udk½I)
14/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;ol
rsm;taejzifh ajymif;a&TYae&mcsxm;jcif; vkyfief;tpD
tpOf (odkYr[kwf) toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIrsm; jyef
vnf&&Sdatmifvkyfaqmifa&;
vkyfief;tpDtpOf(pmydk'f 19 ESifh 25 udk½I) rsm; taumiftxnfazmf
aqmif&u
G rf uI kd apmifMh unfph pfaq;oH;k oyfonfv
h yk if ef;ftpDtpOfudk a&;qGJ&rnf/ vdktyfonfhae&mwGif17
tdrjf caH jr,mydik q
f ikd of (l odrYk [kw)f ,if;wGiaf exdik af eolrsm;tm;pm&if;
aumufjcif;ESifh tavsmfay;jcif;vkyfaqmif&mwGif oufqdkif&mcifyGef;? ZeD;
(odkYr[kwf) tdrfaxmifOD;pD;ESpfa,mufpvHk; trnfrsm;jzifh xkwfjyefay;&rnf/ tjcm;jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;qdkif&m taxmuftulrsm; Oyrm - pGrf;aqmif&nfjr§ifhwifonfhoifweff;rsm;? aiGacs;EdkifonfhtcGifh
tvrf;rsm;? tvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;rsm;ponfwdkY ay;&mwGiftrsdK;orD;
rsm;tm;vnf; wef;wltcGifhta&;ay;&rnfjzpfovdk olwdkY\ vkdtyfcsuf
ESifhvnf; udkufnDatmif aqmif&Guf&rnf/ tu,fí oufqdkif&mEdkifiH\
Oya'ESifh tdrfjcHajr,m pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;pepfonf trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;
tdrf&mjcHajrydkifqdkifcGifhtcGifhta&;udkay;rxm;yguxdkae&mwGiftrsdK;om;
rsm;ESifh wef;wlonfh tcGifhta&; &Ekdif&ef tumtuG,fay;onfh vkyf
aqmifrIrsm;udk pOf;pm;&rnf/

43

jyefvnfjyKjyifay;&rnf/ pDrHudef;aMumifh jzpfvmEdkif
aom tEÅ&m,fESifh qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;\ twdkif;
twmay:rlwnfNyD; apmifhMunfhppfaq;onfh vkyfief;
rsm; rnfrsStxdvkyfrnfudk qkH;jzwf&rnf/ oufqdkif
onfh &yf&Gmvlxk\ oabmqE´rygyJ ajymif;a&TUae&m
cs&rnfhudpörsm; trsm;tjym;yg0ifonfh pDrHudef;rsm;
wGif rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;
olrsm; taejzifh ,ckvkyfaqmifcsufpHowfrSwfcsufESifh
tnD vkyfaqmifEdkifa&;udk taxmuftul jzpfap&ef
ajymif;a&TYae&mcsxm;jcif; vkyfief;qdkif&m uRrf;usifol
rsm;udk ac:,l&rnf/ xdkodkYvkyfjcif;tm;jzifh rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;apmifhMunfh
qeff;ppfonfh vkyfief;rsm;udk xdkußGrf;usifolrsm;uavhvm tMuHjyKEdkifayrnf/ apmifhMunfh qef;ppfonfh
vkyfief;pOfwGif xdcdkufcH&aomolrsm;tm; wdkifyif
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
15/ oufqkdif&m ajymif;a&TUae&mcsxm;jcif; tpDtpOf
ESifhtwl ,ckvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsufwGif yg0if
aom&nfrSef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD ajymif;a&TUae&mcsxm;
jcif;qkdif&m qkd;usdK; oufa&mufrIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;aqmif&GufNyD;onfhtcsdefusrSom ajymif;a&TUae&mcsxm;jcif;
vkyfief;tpDtpOf (odkYr[kwf) toufarG;0rf;ausmif;
vkyfief;rsm;jyefvnfwnfaxmifa&; vkyfief;tpDtpOf
udktaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufNyD;pD;onf[krSwf,l&rnf/ pDrHudef;aMumifhjzpfvmonfh tdrf&ma&TUajymif;&rI? pD;yGm;a&;tajctaet& a&TUajymif;&rI ponfwdkY\twdkif;twmESifh½IyfaxG;rsm;ajrmifaom tajctae
rsm;ay:rlwnfNyD; ajz&Sif;axmufyHhay;rI vkHavmufrI&Sd?
r&Sdudk qef;ppfEdkif&eftwGuf rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh jyefvnf
ae&mcsxm;jcif;pDrHudef;ESifh (odkU) rlv0ifaiG touf
arG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm; jyefvnfwnfaxmifa&;
pDrHudef;rsm;taumiftxnfazmfNyD;pD;rItm; jyifyvkyf
ief;ppftzGJYudkac:,lppfaq;ap&rnf/ ,if;vkyfief;NyD;
pD;rIvkyfieff;ppfjcif;tvkyfudk
xdcdkufrIrsm;avsmhus
oufomapatmifvkyfonfh ajz&Sif;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;
NyD;pD;oGm;onfhtcsdef? a&TUajymif;cH&olrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIrsm; jyefvnf&&Sda&;twGuf
ulnDaxmufyHhay;jcif;rsm; vkHavmufpGmay;xm;NyD;
onfhtcsdef ponfhtcsdefrsm;wGif vkyfaqmif&rnf/
oabmwlxm;onfh apmifhMunfhppfaq;a&; vkyfief;pOf NyD;pD;csdefwGif ,if;vkyfief;NyD;pD;rI vkyfieff;ppfjcif;
44

udkajymif;a&TYae&mcsxm;jcif;qdkif&mwGif t&nftcsif;
jynfh0onfhußGrf;usifolrsm;u vkyfaqmif&rnf/ ,if;vkyif ef;Ny;D pD;rIvyk if ef;ppfaq;jcif;wGif rdrwd \Ykd axmufyhH
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;u taumiftxnf
azmfaqmif&Gufaeaom xdcdkufrIrsm;oufomavsmhus
aponfhtpDtrHrsm;tm; qef;ppfcsuf? oabmwlxm;
aom &nfrSef;csufrsm; atmifjrifatmifvkyfEdkifjcif;&Sd?r&SdEIdif;,SOfqef;ppfcsuf? apmifhMunfhppfaq;onfh
vkyfief;pOfudk qufvkyf&ef vdk? rvdk 18 tuJjzwfcsuf
rsm;tm; tedrfhqkH;tm;jzifh xnhfoGif;&rnf/
16/ tdrf&ma&TUajymif;&rI? pD;yGm;a&; tajctaet&
a&TYajymif;&rIwdkYudk jzpfay:apEdkifonfh pDrHudef;rsm;ESihf
ywfoufítqifhqifhjzpfay:wkd;wufaeaompDrHudef;
tajctaeatmufwGif ajr,modrf;,lrI (odkYr[kwf)ajr,mtokH;csrIuefYowfrI twdkif;twmESifh oabm
obm0udk rodEdkifao;onfhtcgrsm;wGif rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
ajymif;a&TUae&mcsjcif;ESifh (odkYr[kwf) toufarG;0rf;
ausmif;tvkyfrsm; jyefvnfwnfaxmifa&;vkyfaqmif
jcif;rlabmifudk taxGaxGtajccHrlrsm;tm; xnfhoGif;vsSufa&;qGJ&rnf/ xdkodkYa&;qGJ&mwGif ,ckvkyfaqmif
rIpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh tnDjzpf&rnf/ pDrHudef;wGif
yg0ifonfh vkyfieff;aqmif&GufrIrsm;tm;od&Sdonfhtcg?
vdktyfaomowif;tcsuftvufrsm;&&Sdonfhtcg
ponfhtcsdeftcgrsm;wGif ,if;rlabmifudk &Sif;vif;
aocsmonfh ajymif;a&TUae&mcsxmjcif; vkyfieff; tpD
tpOf (odkYr[kwf) toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;
jyefvnfwnfaxmifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;txd¤if;? pmykd'f
19 ESifh 25 wGifazmfjyxm;aom vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;txd¤if;csJUxGifoGm;&rnf/

18

ajymif;a&TYae&mcsxm;jcif;vkyfief;tpDtpOf(odkYr[kwf) toufarG;0rf;
ausmif;vkyif ef;rsm;jyefvnfwnfaxmifa&;vkyif ef;tpDtpOftwGuv
f yk if ef;
NyD;pD;rIvkyfieff;ppfonfhtvkyfudk tzGJUtpnf;wGif;rSr[kwfyJ jyifyrSac:,lxm;onfh ajymif;a&TYae&mcsrIqdkif&m uRrf;usifolrsm;u BudKwifíoabm
wlnrD ,I x
l m;onfah pmifMh unfph pfaq;onfh vkyif ef;Ny;D qk;H csed w
f iG vf yk af qmif
&rnfjzpfNyD;rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;u xdcdkufrI
rsm; oufomavsmhusatmifvkyfxm;onfh tpDtrHrsm;tm; qef;ppfcsuf?
oabmwlxm;aom &nfrSef;csufrsm; atmifjrifatmifvkyfEdkifjcif;tay:
EIdif;,SOfavhvmcsufrsm;? apmifhMunfhppfaq; onfhvkyfief;pOfudk qufvkyf
zdkY vdk?rvdk tuJjzwfcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh ykHrSef Munfh½ItuJjzwfonfxufydkrdkí
eufeuf½Idif;½Idif; qeff;ppf&rnf/ &nfrSef;csufrsm;txajrmufatmifjrifa&;
twGuf aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfaom usefaeao;onfh jyefvnfjyifqifa&;
vkyfief;tpDtpOfwpfckudkvnf; xnfhoGif;azmfjy&rnf/

ae&majymif;a&TUcH&rI
17/ ae&majymif;a&TUcH&olrsm; tm; atmufygtwdkif;
trsdK;tpm;cGJEdkfifonf/ (1) olwdkYaexdkifaeonfh(odkYr[kwf)tokH;jyKaeonfhajr,m(odkYr[kwf) wefzdk;&Sdaomt&mrsm;tm;w&m;0ifOya'aMumif;t&ydkifqdkif
onfh tcGifhta&;&Sdolrsm;? (2) w&m;0if Oya'aMumif;
t& ydkifqdkif&efftcGifhta&;r&Sdaomfvnf; oufqdkif&m
EdkifiH Oya'19t& todtrSwfjyKEkdifaom (odkUr[kwf)todtrSwfjyKxm;aom ajr,mydkifqkdifcGifh&Sdonf[k,HkMunfcsuf &Sdolrsm; (3) txufygtajctaersm;wGif
r&Sdaeaomfvnf; ajr,m(odkYr[kwf)olwdkYtwGuf
wefzdk;&Sdaomt&mrsm;wGif aexdkif(odkYr[kwf)tokH;jyKaeolrsm;/ ae&majymif;a&TUcH&olrsm;\ tajctaeudk
oef;acgifpm&if;aumuf&rnf/
18/ pDrHudef;aMumifhjzpfvmonfh ajr,m&,lrIrsm;ESifh(odkYr[kwf) ajr,mtokH;csjcif;udk uefYowfrIrsm;
aMumifh vltrsm;rdrdwdkY ae&mrsm;rSajymif;a&TUcH&rI ?
pD;yGm;a&;tajctaet& a&TUajymif;&rI ponfwdkYudk
jzpfay:aponf/ xdkokdYMuKH&onfhtcg ,ck vkyfaqmifrI
pHowfrSwfcsufwGifyg0ifonfh aetdrfrsm; ajymif;a&TU&jcif;? pD;yGm;a&; tajctaet& a&TUajymif;&jcif;wdkYESifh
ywfoufonfh vkdtyfcsufrsm;jynfhrDatmif wNydKif
euf20 vkyfaqmif&rnf/
aetdrfrsm; ae&majymif;a&TUcH&rI
19/ aetdrfrsm; ae&majymif;a&TUcH&Ncif;udpöwGif
rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh ajymif;a&TUae&mcsxm;a&;vkyfief;tpDtpOf
a&;qGJ&rnf/ ,if;tpDtpOfwGif ajymif;a&TY&rnfholt
a&twGufenf;onfjzpfap? rsm;onfjzpfap ,ck
vkyfaqmifrI
pHowfrSwfcsufwGifazmfjyxm;aom
vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk tedrfhqkH;tqifhtaejzifh xnfhoGif;xm;&rnf/ xkdtpDtpOfwGif qHk;&HI;oGm;aom ajr,m19
xdkodkYaom todtrSwfjyKjcif;rsm;onf tjcm;olydkifqdkifaomajrwGiftqdkygvlu ydkifqdkifEdkifcGifh&SdaeonfhtcsdeftcgwGif jzpfaejcif; (odkYr[kwf)"avhxkH;wrf;t&? &dk;&mtpOftvmt& ajr,mtokH;csEdkifcGifhrsm;rS qif;
oufvmEdkifonf/20
pDrHudef;aMumifY tdrf&ma&TUajymif;jcif;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;tajctaet& a&TU
ajymif;&jcif;rsm;wNydKifeufjzpfaeygu pmykd'f 25ESifh26wGifazmfjyxm;onfh
vdktyfcsufrsm; (pD;yGm;a&; tajctae t& a&TYajymif;jcif;qdkif&m) udk a&TU
ajymif;ae&mcsxm;jcif;vkyfief;tpDtpOf(odkYr[kwf) rlabmifESifhtwlyl;wGJ
vkyfaqmif&rnf? (a&TYajymif;ae&mcsxm;jcif; vkyfieff;tpDtpOfESifh touf
arG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;
jyefvnfwnfaxmifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk
oD;jcm;cGJxm;p&mrvkdyg/)

ESifh tjcm;wefzdk;&Sdaomt&mrsm;twGuf tjynfht0
tavsmfay;jcif;vnf;xnfhoGif;&rnf/ ,if;tpDtpOf
udka&;qGJ&mwGif ae&ma&TUajymif;cH&jcif;aMumifhjzpfvm
onfh qdk;usdK;rsm;tm;avsmhcsEdkifa&;? zGHUNzdK;a&; tcGifh
tvrf;rsm;tm; &SmazG owfrSwfa&;? ajymif;a&TUae&mcs
a&;twGufvdktyfonfh bwf*sufESifh vkyfaqmifrnfh
tcsdefZ,m; a&;qGJa&;? (ajymif;a&TYrnfhae&mopfrS
tdrf&Sif&yf&Gmvlxktygt0if) ajymif;a&TYcH&rnfhvlrsm;
tm;vkH;\&&SdydkifcGifhrsm;udk owfrSwfa&;ponfh vkyf
aqmifrIrsm;udk xnfhoGif;a&;qGJ&rnf/ qif;&Jolrsm;
ESithf umtuG,rf ahJ eolrsm;\ vdt
k yfcsuu
f jkd znfq
h nf;
&eftxl;tav;xm;&rnf/
rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0ef
aqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh ajr,m&ydkifcGifh
twGuf vkyfaqmifxm;csufrsm;? tavsmfay;xm;jcif;
rsm;? ae&ma&TUajymif;ay;onfhvkyfieff;rsm; ponfwdkYudk
rSwfwrf;wifxm;&rnf/
20/ tu,fí pDrHudef;e,fajrtwGif;aexdkifaeonfh
vlrsm;udktjcm;wpfae&modkYajymif;a&TUap&efvdktyfyg
u rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh (1) ajymif;a&TU&rnfholrsm;tm; jyefvnf
ae&mcsxm;a&;twGuf a&G;cs,fp&mrsm;udk urf;vSrf;&rnf? ,if;a&G;cs,fp&mrsm;wGif oifhwifhvkHavmuf
onfh tdrf&may;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) aiGaMu;avsmfay;jcif;
ESi(hf 2)a&TUajymif;cH&rnfh vltpktzGUJ wdik ;f \vdt
k yfcsuf
rsm;ESifh qDavsmfonfhaxmufyHhulnDrIrsm;ay;&rnf/
a&TUajymif;cH&olrsm;tm;ay;rnfah e&mopfwiG af qmufvyk f
xm;aom tdrf&mrsm;onf 4if;wddkYrlvaexdkifcJhaomtajctaexuf ydkaumif;rGefatmif vkyfaqmifay;&rnf/ ae&mopfodkYa&TUajymif;ae&mcscH&rnfholrsm;uxdkae&mopfwGif&SdESifhaeNyD;om; &yf&GmvlxkESifhvltkyfpk
rsm;tay: oabmxm;tjrifrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf/ ajymif;a&TUcH&rnfholrsm;ESifh &SdESifhaeNyD;om;&yf&Gmvlxkponfh vlYtodkif;t0dkif; 2ckvkH;\ vlrIa&;
qdkif&m?,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m"avhxHk;wrf;rsm;udk av;pm;
todtrSwfjyK&rnf/
21/ tydk'f 17 (1)ESifh(2)wGifazmfjyxm;onfh aetdrf
rsm; ae&majymif;a&TUcH&onfholrsm; ta&;udpöwGif
rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh xdkolwdkYtm; 4if;wdkY,ciftdrf&mESifh wefzdk;
wlnDaom(odkYr[kwf)wefzdk;jrifhaomtdrf,m?pdwfcspGm
aexdkifcGifhoabmwlnDcsuf? ,cifywf0ef;usif ae&m
45

xdkifcif;tcif;tusif;ESifh wlnDaom(odkYr[kwf) ydk
aumif;rGefaom ae&m? (odkYr[kwf) aiGaMu;ay;avsmfrI
ponfh a&G;cs,fp&mrsm;udk tvsOf;oifhovdk urf;vSrf;&rnf/ tpm;xdk;ay;avsmf&mwGifaiGaMu;jzifh ay;avsmf
rnfhtpm; tjcm;t&mrsm;jzifhay;avsmfonfudkvnf;
pOf;pm;&rnf/ aiGaMu;jzifh ay;avsmf&mwGifvnf;
4if;wdkYqkH;½IH;cJhaom ajr,m (odkYr[kwf) wefzdk;&Sdaom
t&mrsm; jyeftpm;xdk;Edkifatmif a'owGif;aps;uGuf21
wGif &Sdaeonfh aygufaps;jzifh wGufcsufNyD; vkHavmuf
pGm jyefavsmfay;&efvdktyfonf/
22/ tydk'f17(3)wGif azmfjyxm;onfh aetdrfrsm;
ajymif;a&TUay;&onfholrsm; ta&;udpöwGif rdrdwdkY
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
xdkolwdkYtm;oifhawmfvkHavmufonfhtdrf,mudkpdwfcs
pGmaexdkifEdkifcGifh oabmwlnDcsufESifh twlay;tyf&
rnf/ odkYrSmom xdkolrsm;taejzifh twif;t"r®a&TU
ajymif;cH&jcif;rSuif;a0;NyD; w&m;0ifaeEdkifayrnf/
tu,fí a&TUajymif;cH&rnfholu tdrf&mtjyif tjcm;
wefzdk;&Sdt&mrsm; ydkifqdkfifxm;ygu tdrf&mtwGuft
avsmfay;onfhtjyif ,if;t&mwdkY\ wefzdk;udkvnf;
tjynfht0tavsmfay;&rnf? Oyrm - aexkdif&m tdrf
,m? wdkufcef;rsm;ESifh tjcm;ajr,mudk ydkrdkaumif;rGef
atmifjyKjyifxm;onfrsm;udk tjynfht0 tavsmfay;&rnf/ xkdolrsm;onf pDrHudef;ae&mwGif? pDrHudef;rS
oufrSwfonfhw&m;0ifrI&ufpGJ(cut off date)rwkdifrD
uwnf;uyif aeaeMuolrsm;jzpf&rnf/ xkdolwdkYESifh
aqG;aEG;wdkifyifonfh&v'frsm;tay: tajccHNyD; rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
xdka&TUajymif;tajccsrnfholrsm;tm;tpm;xdk;ay;onfh
ae&mopf 22wGif olwdkY\ aexdkifrIb0tqifhtwef;udk
21
wefzdk;&Sdt&mrsm;qkH;½IH;jcif;aMumifh aiGjzifhay;avsmfjcif;onf atmufyg
tajctaersm;twGuf tqifajyEdkifonf? (1) toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI
onf ajr,may:wGif tajcrcHjcif;? (2) toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIonf
ajr,may:wGif tajccHaomfvnf; pDrHudef;aMumifh qkH;½IH;vdkuf&onfh ajr
yrmPonf tenf;tusOf;rQomjzpfNyD; usefaomajr,mjzifh pD;yGm;a&;qufvkyfí&jcif;? (3) ajr,m? tdk;tdrf? vkyfom;aps;uGufrsm;&SifoefaeNyD;
a&TYajymif;cH&olrsm;taejzifh ,if;aps;uGufrsm;rS 4if;wdkYvdktyfonfrsm;udk&Edkifaom taetxm;wGif&Sdjcif;/
22
NrdKUjyrsm;wGif w&m;r0iftajccsaexdkifolrsm; a&TUajymif;&onfhtajc
taewGif tqdk;taumif;EdIif;,SOf csdefqNyD; wckckudk qkH;jzwf&onfrsm;
yg0ifEdkifonf? Oyrm - a&TUajymif;cH&aomrdom;pkrsm;taejzifh ae&mopf
wGif aexdkifEdkifcGifh tmrcHcsufudk &EdkifonfhtcgwGif wzufwGifvnf;&onfhae&mu 4if;wdkYtwGuf ,cifae&mxuf tusdK;rrsm;onfudk MuKH&
Edkifonf/ aexdkif&mae&majymif;oGm;jcif;onf olwdkYtoufarG;0rf;ausmif;
rIudkoufa&mufonfhtwGuf ajymif;a&TYae&mcsxm;jcif;udk ,ckvkyfaqmif
rIpHowfrSwfcsuf tajccHrlrsm;ESifhtnD vkyfaqmif&rnf/ (pmydk'f 25 udk
Munfhyg)/46

vkHavmufpGmjyef&&Sdap&ef axmufyHhulnD&rnf/
23/ xdkufoifhonfh tavsmfay;rIESifh axmufyHhrI&rnfh
a&TYajymif;tajccsrnfholrsm; pm&if;owfrSwfonfh
aemufqkH;&ufaemufydkif;rS pDrHudef;e,fajrtwGif;odkY
0ifa&mufaexdkifonfholrsm;udk rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0ef
aqmifrI&,lolrsm;taejzifhtavsmfay;jcif;? axmufyHh
ulnDjcif;rsm;vkyfay;&efrvdkyg/ tavsmf&xdkufonfh
olrsm;pm&if;jyKpkonfh aemufqkH;&ufudk ,cifuwnf;
uowfrSwfxm;NyD;jzpfum vlxktMum;owif;xkwf
jyefNyD;vnf;jzpf&rnf/
24/ Oya'ESifhtnDr[kwfaom? ,ckvkyfaqmifrI
pHowfrSwfcsufESifhrnDaom twif;tusyf zdtm;ay;
íz,f&Sm;jcif;23udk rjyKvkyf&/
pD;yGm;a&; tajctaet&a&TUajymif;&jcif;
25/ tu,fí pDrHudef;onf xdckdufoufa&mufcH&ol
rsm;ESifh (odkU) &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;tm; pD;yGm;a&;tajctae
t&a&TUajymif;&jcif;omjzpfapygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh xdcdkufoGm;
aom &yf&GmvlxkESifh (odkYr[kwf) vlrsm;udk tpm;xdk;
ulnD&eftvdkYiSm toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;
jyefvnf wnfaxmifa&;vkyfief;tpDtpOfudk vkyf
aqmif&rnf/ xdkYjyif,ckvkyfaqmifcsuf pHowfrSwf
csuf\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifhvnf;jynfhrD&eff tjcm; ulnD
axmufyHhrIrsm;vnf; vkyfaqmifay;&rnf/ ,if;toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI jyefvnfwnfaxmifa&; tpD
tpOfonfxdcdkufcH&aom &yf&GmvlxkESifh (odkYr[kwf)vlrsm;\ &ykdifcGifhrsm;udk&&Sdap&ef yGifhvif;jrifomrI&Sd&Sd?
rsSwrI&Sd&SdESifh a&SUaemufnDnTwfpGm rSefrSefuefuefvkyf
aqmifap&rnf/ xdcdkufrI&SdoGm;onfh &yf&Gmvlxk(odkYr[kwf) vlrsm;taejzifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI
jyefvnf wnfaxmifa&;tpDtpOfESifh ,ck vkyfaqmif
rIpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;twdkif; tpmxdk;avsmfay;jcif;?
tjcm;ulnDaxmufyHhjcif;wdkY
vufcH&&SdNyD;csdefrSompD;yGm;a&; tajctaet& a&TUajymif;&jcif;aMumifh jzpf
vmaomqdk;usdK;udk avsmhusoGm;atmifvkyfjcif; NyD;
ajrmufonf [k rSwf,l&rnfjzpfNyD; xdcdkufrI&SdoGm;onfh&yf&Gmvlxk(odkYr[kwf)vlrsm;taejzifh ¤if;wdkY\ t23

Oya'aMumif;t&aomfvnf;aumif; tjcm;oifhavsmfaomtumtuG,fay;xm;rIrsm;r&SdbJ vlrsm;?rdom;pkrsm;? &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;udk 4if;wdkYaexdkif&m
tdrf,m? ajr,mrS 4if;wdkYoabmqE´ESifh qefYusifpGm ,m,D(odkYr[kwf)tNyD;wdkifz,f&Sm;jcif;/oufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI jyefvnf&&Sda&;twGuf vkH
avmufonfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;&&SdNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf
,l&rnf/
26/ tu,fíajr,m&,ljcif;ESifh ajr,mtokH;csjcif;
udkuefYowfrIrsm;onf oufqdkif&m xdcdkufaomolrsm;
tm; tdrf&ma&TUajymif;p&mrvdkonfh tajctaewGif&Sdjim;aomfvnf; xdkolwdkY\ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI
rsm;? wefzdk;&Sdaomt&mrsm; qkH;½IH;oGm;jcif;tm;jzifhpD;yGm;a&;tajctaet& a&TUajymif;&jcif;udkjzpfapEdkif
ayonf/ xdkodkYaomtajctaewGifrdrdwdkY\axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh atmufyg
pmydk'f 27-29 wGif azmfjyxm;aom vdktyfcsufrsm;
jynfhrDatmif oifhawmfovdkvkyfaqmif&rnf/
27/ 4if;wdkY\ pD;yGm;a&;twGuf wefzdk;&Sdaomt&mrsm;?
xdkt&mrsm;udk vufvSrf;rDcGifh qkH;½IH;oGm;aom pD;yGm;
a&;t&a&TUajymif;cH&olrsm;tm; 4if;wdkYqkH;½IH;oGm;rIrsm;
udk jyefvnftpm;ay;Edkif&ef vkHavmufonfh tpm;
xdk;tavsmfay;rIudk vkyfaqmif&rnf/• ajr,m&,lrIrsm;ESifh ajr,mtokH;cscGifhuefYowfrI
rsm;onfta&mif;t0,fjyKvyk &f mae&mrsm; (aps;qdik ?faps;½k?H ukew
f u
kd pf ojzif)h tm; xdcu
kd yf gu ,if;pD;yGm;
a&;wGifvkyfudkifaeaom vkyfieff;&Sifrsm;tm;tjcm;
ae&mwGif jyefvnfxlaxmifEdkifa&;twGuf tpm;
xdk;ay;avsmf&rnf/ ,if;ta&mif;t0,fae&mrsm;
jyefvnfxlaxmifaepOfumvtwGif; vkyfief;
rvkyf&aomaMumifh qkH;½IH;oGm;onfh olwdkY\ 0ifaiG
udkvnf; tpm;xdk;ay;avsmf&efvdkovdk? ajymif;a&TY&mwGifukefuspm;&dwfrsm;? jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&m
wGif jyeffíwyfqif&rnfh puf,EÅ&m;rsm;? tjcm;
ud&d,mrsm;twGuf ukefuspm;&dwfrsm;udkvnf;
jyefvnf ay;avsmf&rnf/• oufqdkif&mxdcdkufonfh vlrsm;onf Oya'aMumif;t& (odkYr[kwf) oufqdkif&mEdkifiH Oya'atmuf
wGif w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKrIt& ajr,mudk olwdkY&,lydkifcGifh&Sdonfhudpörsm;wGif (pmydk'f 17 (1)ESifh(2) Munfh) wefzdk;nDonfh (odkYr[kwf) ydkí tzdk;
wefonfhajrae&m (Oyrm - pdkufysdK;a&;ajr(odkYr[kwf) pD;yGm;a&;ZkHtwGif;)udk jyefvnfavsmf
ay;&rnf/ odkYwnf;r[kwf oifhavsmfygu jyeffvnf
tpm;xdk;zdkvdktyfonfhukefusaiGtm;vkH;udkaiGom;
jzifhay;avsmf&rnf/• ajr,mudk Oya'aMumif;t& ¤if;wdkYESifh oufqdkif
onf[k oufaorjyEdkifjcif;tm;jzifh ajr,mqkH;½IH;
oGm;Ny;D pD;yGm;a&;t&vkyu
f ikd pf &mae&maysmufomG ;aomolrsm; (pmydk'f 17 (1)) udk ajr,mtpm;xdk;
ay;avsmfrIxuf tjcm;wefzdk;&Sdt&mrsm;qkH;½IH;rI(Oyrm - oD;ESH? qnfa&ay;taqmufttHk?
tjcm;ajr,mjyKjyifxm;rIwdkY qkH;½IH;jcif;twGuf)
tjynfht0 jyeftpm;xdk;Edkifatmif ay;avsmf&rnf/
ay;avsmfrI&&Sdxdkufolrsm; pm&if;ydwfNyD; aemufydkif;
rSrrd w
d u
Ykd ,
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hf vrf;&Smaomolrsm;
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tm; rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrI&,lxm;olu
tpm;xdk;ay;avsmfjcif;vkyfay;&efrvdkyg/
28/ pmydk'f 27 wGif azmfjyxm;csufrsm;twdkif;
xdo
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l \
Ykd wefz;kd &Sad omt&mrsm;tm; jyefvnfay;avsmf&onfhtjyif 4if;wdkY\ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIESifh
0ifaiG&&SdrIwdkYtm; BuD;BuD;rm;rm;xdcdkufoGm;aponfh
pD;yGm;a&;tajctaet& a&TUajymif;cH&aom olrsm;
tm;olwkdY\0ifaiG&SmEdkifpGrf;?xkwfvkyfEdkifpGrf;ESifh vlae
rItqifhtwef;wdkYudk wdk;wufatmif(odkYr[kwf) t
enf;qkH;tqifhtaejzifh ajymif;a&TYrcH&rD ,ciftajc
taeodkYjyefa&mufEdkifatmiftcGifhtvrf;rsm;udkzefwD;ay;&rnf/• toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIonf ajr,mudk tajccH
aomolrsm;qdkygu tpm;xdk;jyefay;aom ajr,m
onf xkwfvkyfEdkifpGrf;tm;aumif;&rnf jzpfovdk
aNrae&m wnf&SdrIonffvnf; oufqdkifoltwGuf
tusdK;jzpf&rnf/ xdkfYjyifajr,mESifhqufpyfNyD;tjcm;
ta&;MuD;onfhtcsufrsm;wGifvnf; qkH;½IH;cJhaom
ajr,mtwdkif; wlnDatmifyHhydk;&rnf/ ,ckazmfjyyg
udpörsm;udk OD;pm;ay;tjzpf aqmif&Gufay;&rnf/• toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIonf obm0t&if;tjrpf
udk tajccHaomolrsm;jzpfNyD; pmydk'f 5 wGifazmfjy
xm;onfth wdik ;f pDru
H ed ;f ESi,
hf if;\qufpyfvyk if ef;f
rsm;onf obm0t&if;tjrpftay: xdkolwdkY\
vufvSrf;rDEdkifrIudk tuefYtowfjzpfEdkifrnf[k,lqygutqdkygobm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm;
xdkolwdkYtm;&,lydkifcGifh qufvufay;aomenf;jzpf
ap? tvm;wlobm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; wjcm;
wae&mwGif &,lEdkifapNyD; xdkt&if;tjrpfrsm;tm;
vufvSrf;rDEdkifrIESifh ,if;odkY toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIrS 0ifaiG&EdkfifpGrf;rSmvnf; ,cifuJhodkY wlnDrI&Sd
47

atmif zeffwD;ay;onfhenf;jzifhjzpfap axmufyHh
ulnD&rnf/ qDavsmfonfhae&mrsm;wGif obm0
ywf0ef;usift&if;tjrpfudk tokH;cs toufarG;
0rf;ausmif;&olrsm;ESifhywfoufí avsmfaMu;ESifh
axmufyHhrIrsm;udk pOf;pm;&mwGif wpfOD;csif;wpf
a,mufcsif; (odkYr[kwf) rdom;pkwpfpkcsif;udkay;
rnf[k pOf;pm;csufxuf olwdkY&yf&GmvlxkwpfpHkvkH;
twGuf pOf;pm;ay;&efvdktyfonf/• txufwGifazmfjyxm;ouJhodkY xdkolwdkYtm;ajr,mESifh tjcm;t&if;tjrpf vdktyfcsufrsm;udk rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;u ulnD
axmufyHhray;Edkifonfhtajctaersm;ESifhMuKH&ygu
0ifaiG&&ef acs;aiGtaxmuftyHh? toufarG;0rf;
ausmif;oifwef;? aiGaMu; (odkY)tvkyftudkiftcGifh
tvrf;ponfh tjcm;tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk &SmazGay;&rnf/ odkYaomfaiGaMu;tavsmfay;jcif; wckwnf;
jzifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI jyef&Edkifatmif rvkyf
ay;Edkifaomtjzpfrsm; twdwfwGif tBudrfBudrf
jzpfcJhonfudk owdjyK&efvdkonf/
29/ pD;yGm;a&;a&TUajymif;cH&olwdkY\ 0ifaiG&SmEdkifpGrf;?
xkwfvkyfEdkifonfh twdkif;twm? vlaerItqifhtwef;
ponfwdkY ,ciftwdkif;ykHrSefjyefjzpfatmif vkyf&rnfh
tcsdefumvtwdkif;twmtwGif;toGiful;ajymif;a&;umvtaxmuftyHhrsm;udk rjzpfraeay;&efvdkonf/
tpdk;&upDrHcefYcJGaom a&TUajymif;ae&mcsonfhudpö&yf
rsm;wGif yk*¾vdu u@rS,l&rnfhwm0efrsm;
30/ ajr,m&,ljcif;ESifha&TUajymif;ae&mcsonfhudpörsm;wGif tpdk;&u wm0ef,lxm;onfqdkygu rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHhulnDrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh ouf
qkdif&m tpdk;&Xmejzifh (xdkXmerS cGifhjyKEdkifonfh twkdif;
twmtxd) yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufum ,ckvkyfaqmifrI
pHowfrSwfcsufwGif azmfjyxm;aom &v'frsm;&&Sd&ef
vkyfaqmif&rnf/ xdkYjyiftpdk;&\ vkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;
onf tjynfht0rjzpfonfhtajctaersm;wGif rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
atmufwGifazmfjyxm;onhftwdkif; a&TUajymif;ae&mcs
xm;jcif;tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJ&mwGifjzpfap? taumif
txnf azmfaqmif&Guf&mwGifjzpfap? apmifhMunhf ppf
aq;&mwGifjzpfapwuf~uGonfhtcef;rS yg0if&rnf/

31/ ajr,mudk&,ljcif; (odkYr[kwf) ajr,mtokH;cscGifh
udk&,ljcif;wGif oufqdkifolrsm;tm; tdrf&ma&TUajymif;ay;&onfh vkyfaqmifrIrsm;yg0ifonfqdkygu rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
tpdk;&uvkyfaqmifaom a&TUajymif;ay;jcif;qdkif&m
vkyfief;rsm;tm; od&Sdatmifvkyfaqmif24íazmfjy&
rnf/ tu,fí xdkodkYaom tpdk;&\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;
onf vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsufESifhrudkufnDygu
rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk cH,lxm;olrsm; taejzifh ,ckvkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsufudk jynfhrDap&ef(tdrf&ma&TUajymif;jcif;ESifhpD;yGm;a&;tajctaet&a&TU
ajymif;&jcif;rsm;ESifh ywfoufítaxGaxGvdktyfcsuf
rsm;ESifh txufwGif azmfjyxm;onfh vdktyfcsufrsm;)
tydk xyfaqmif;vkyfaqmifrnfh ajymif;a&TUae&mcsxm;
jcif;tpDtpOfudk jyifqifxm;&rnf/ tedrfhqkH;tm;jzifh
rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;
onf atmufygwdkYudk ¤if;wdkY\ ajymif;a&TUae&mcsjcif;
qdkif&m xyfaqmif;vkyfaqmifrnfhtpDtpOfwGifxnfh
oGif;&rnf/ (1) xdcdkufoGm;rnfholrsm;ESifh xdkolwdkYtm;
oufa&muf rIrsm; udk od&adS tmifvyk í
f rSww
f rf;wifjcif;(2) oufqdkif&mEdkifiHOya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;rsm; ESifh tnD
a&TYajymif;cH&rnfholrsm;\ cHpm; EdkifcGifhrsm; tygt0if
Oya't&?pnf;rsOf;t& vkyfaqmif&rnfh vkyfieff;rsm;
udk azmfjyjcif; (3) ,ck vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf\
vkdtyfcsufrsm;tm; jynfhrDa&;twGuf oufqdkif&m
tpdk;&Xmeu cGifhjyKxm;onfhenf;vrf;jzifh tydk'f 19
rS 29 wGifazmfjy xm;aom xyfaqmif;vkyfaqmifrnfh
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifhvkyfaqmifrnfhtcsdefpm&if; (4),if;xyfaqmif;vkyfaqmifrnfh vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;
twGuf rdrdwdkY axmufyHh0efaqmifrI&,lxm;olrsm;\
b@ma&;qdkif&mESifh taumiftxnfazmfa&;qdkif&m
wm0efrsm;/
32/ pD;yGm;a&;tajctaet& a&TUajymif;&jcif;rsm;
omjzpfapaom pDrHudef;rsm;wGif rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0ef
aqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh oufqdkif&m
xdcdkufoGm;olrsm;? &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;tm; oufqdkif&m
tpdk;&Xmeu rnfokdYrnfykHtavsmfay;onfudk od&Sd
atmifvkyfaqmif&rnf/ tu,fítpdk;&\vkyfaqmif
rIrsm;onf ,ckvkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf\ vdktyf
csufrsm;udk rjznfhqnf;ay;Edkifygu rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh
24&Edkifygu tqdkygenf;vrf;rsm;tm; azmfjyxm;onfh tpdk;&pm&Guf
pmwrf;rsm;48

0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh tpdk;&\
vkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk yHhydk;jznfhwif;ay;rnfh obm0
ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m? vlrIa&;qdkif&m vkyfaqmifcsuf
tpDtpOfudk a&;qGJ&rnf/ ,if;wGif oufqdkifolwdkY

qkH;½IH;oGm;onfh wefzdk;&Sdt&mrsm;twGuf xyfaqmif;
tavsmfay;jcif;rsm;? aysmufqkH;oGm;onhf ¤if;wdkY\
toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIrsm;udk jyefvnf&&Sdapa&;
twGuf xyfaqmif;tm;pdkufrIrsm; vkyfaqmif&rnf/

49

rdwfquf
1/ ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJrsm;xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufjcif;? a*[pepf\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk
xdef;odrf;jcif;?
ouf&Sdobm0&if;jrpfrsm;ukd a&&SnfwnfwHatmif
pDrHcefYcGJjcif; ponfwdkYonf a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;
twGuf tajccHusonf[k vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf
6 u vufcHowfrSwfxm;onf/ ,ckvkyfaqmifrI pH
owfrw
S fcsufwGifyg0ifonfhvdktyfcsufrsm;udk ZD0rsdK;
uGrJ sm;qdik &f m Edik if w
H umoabmwlncD suv
f rf;nTecf suf
rsm;ESifhtnD a&;om;xm;ayonf/ ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJrsm;
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50

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1
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51

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11/ ajymif;vJxm;NyD;aom tyifESifhowå0g rsdK;pdwf
rsm; rSDcdk&mae&mrsm;qdkonfrSmrl&if;tpwGif r&SdcJhaom
tyifrsm;(ESi)hf (odrYk [kw)f ouf&rdS sKd ;pdwrf sm;us,uf s,fjyefYjyefY zkH;vTrf;aeaom ae&ma'o (ESifh) (odkYr[kwf)vlom;wdkY\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;u xdk{&d,mwGiftajccHusonfh a*[qdkif&m vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;?
trsdK;rsdK;aomrsdK;pdwfwdkYpkzGJUjcif;rsm;5udk tBuD;trm;
ajymif;vJapcJhNyD;aom ae&ma'o ponfh ae&mrsm;udk
qdkvdkonf/ ajymif;vJxm;NyD;aom ae&mrsm;wGifpdu
k yf sKd ;a&;vkyif ef;ae&mrsm;? opfawmopfyifpu
kd x
f m;
aomae&mrsm; ? jyefvnfjyKjyifrGrf;rHxm;onfh urf;½dk;
weff;rsm;6? jyefvnfjyKjyifrGrf;rHxm;onfh pdrfhajrrsm;
ponfh {&d,mrsm;yg0ifonf/
12/ tEå&m,fESifh oufa&mufrIrsm;udk od&SdowfrSwf
onfh vkyfief;pOfvkyfaqmif&rnf[k vkyfaqmifrI
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 wGifazmfjyxm;ouJhokdYyif ,ck vkyf
aqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsufuvnf; ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJESifh ywf
oufí tvGefwefzdk;xm;tyfonfh ajymif;vJxm;NyD;
aom ae&mrsm;ESifh qufpyfayonf/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifhxdk ZD0rsKd;pkH
rsdK;uGJwt
Ykd ay: oufa&mufvmrIrsm; avsmu
h sapa&;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&rnf/
obm0jzpfapaom? ajymif;vJxm;jcif;r&Sdonhf tyif
ESihf owå0g rsdK;pdwfrsm; rSDcdk&mae&mrsm;
13/ obm0jzpfapaom? ajymif;vJxm;jcif;r&Sdonhf
tyifESihfowå0grsdK;pdwfrsm; rSDcdk&mae&mrsm;onf Xmae
rl&if; tyif(ESifh) (odkYr[kwf) ouf&SdrsdK;pdwfrsm; pkpnf;
wnf&Sdaeaom {&d,m(ESifh) (odkYr[kwf)vlom;wdkY\
vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;uxd{k &d,mwGi&f o
dS nfth pueOD;a*[qdkif&mvkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;? rsdK;pdwfrsm;ponfwdkYudk
5,if;wGif pDrHudef;jyifqifjcif;aMumifh tyifESifhwd&dpämefrsm;rSDcdk&mae&mrsm;
ajymif;vJoGm;onfwdkYudk xnfhrwGufacs/
6
xkwfvkyfa&;twGuf yifv,fatmufa&mufaeaom (odkYr[kwf) tjcm;
a&vTrf;&mae&mrsm;rS ajrrsm;udk jyefvnfazmfxkwfí ajrae&mtopfrsm;
jyef&&ef vkyfaqmifonfh vkyfief;pOfonf jyefvnfjyKjyifazmfxkwfjcif;jzpf
onf/

tBuD;trm;ajymif;vJrxm;aomae&ma'ojzpfonf/
14/ atmufygwdkYtm;vkH; udk taxmuftxm;ESifhwuG
rjyqdkEdkifygu rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh obm0ae&mrsm;udk ododomom
tajymif;tvJjzpfoGm;ap&ef(odkYr[kwf)t&nftaoG;
edrfhus7oGm;ap&ef rvkyfaqmif&ay/• pDrHudef;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJNy;D om;ae&mwGivf yk faqmifEikd af &;twGuf a'otwGif;wGif rjzpfEkdif
awmhjcif;?
• ajymif;vJoGm;rnfh? t&nftaoG;edrfhusoGm;rnfh
twdkif;twm8ESifhywfoufNyD; xdcdkufrnfh &yf&Gm
vlxktygt0if qufEG,fywfoufolrsm;\ tjrif
rsm;udk,lí aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;ESifh• xdcdkufouf a&mufrIrsm; avsmhusa&;tpDtrHrsm;
ESifhtnD ajymif;vJoGm;onfh (odkYr[kwf) t&nft
aoG;edrfhusoGm;onfhae&mrsm;udk xdcdkufrIavsmhus
atmifvkyfaqmifxm;jcif;/
15/ obm0 ae&mrsm;jzpfonfh {&d,mrsm;twGif;wGif
ZD0rsdK;uGJ pkpkaygif;qkH;½IH;jcif;9 jzpfEdkiforsSr&Sdatmif
twGuf &nf&G,fonfh oufa&mufrIavsSmhcsa&; enf;
vrf;rsm;udka&;qGJ&rnf/ oihfavsmfonfh vkyfaqmif
csufrsm;wGif atmufygvkyfaqmifcsufrsm; yg0ifoihf
onf • pDrHudef;ae&m twGif;&Sdí pDrHudef; taumiftxnf
azmf&efr[kwfaom? obm0ywf0ef;usifudk xdef;
odrf;apmihfa&Smuf&ef &nf&G,fonhf ajrae&mrsm;

7odomonfh ajymif;vJrI (odkYr[kwf) t&nftaoG;edrfhusoGm;rI qdkonfrSm(1) ajr(odkYr[kwf) a&tokH;csrIudk trsm;tjym;(ESifh) (odkYr[kwf) a&&Snf
vkyfaqmifrI\ qdk;usdK;&v'f tjzpf tyifESifh wd&dpämefwdkYrSDcdk&mae&m
wckvkH; vkH;0ysufokOf;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) tvGefedrfhus,dk,Gif;oGm;jcif;/ (2)rl&if;XmaersdK;pdwfrsm; &SifoefBuD;xGm;Edkifjcif;udkjzpfaponfh ,if;wdkY rSDcdk&mae&m{&d,m\ t&nftaoG;udk odomatmifenf;yg;edrfhusoGm;aponfh
jyKjyifajymif;vJrGrf;rHjcif;/
8
vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; qufpyf
ywfoufonfholrsm;ESifh qufqHaqmif&Guf? wdkifyifonfh vkyfief;pOf\
tpdwftydkif;w&yftjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/
9
pkpkaygif;qkH;½IH;rIr&Sd[kqdkonfh t"dyÜg,frSm pDrHudef;ESifhywfoufNyD; xdcdkufoGm;aomZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJoufa&mufrIrsm;tm; a&Smif&Sm;? avQmhcsonfh
tvkyfrsm;? pDrHudef;{&d,mtwGif; ZD0rsdK;uGJjyefvnfxdef;odrf;onfhtvkyf
rsm;? oufqdkif&m yx0D0iftwdkif;twmwdkYwGif (Oyrm - ae&ma'owGif;?
us,fjyefYonfh ajrjyif{&d,mt&? EdkifiHtqifht&? a'owGif;tqifht&)
ododomom <uif;usefaeao;onfhoufa&mufrIrsm;&Sdaeygu ¤if;wdkY
twGufjyefvnftavsmftpm;ay;qyfjcif;tvkyfrsm;ponfwdkYjzifhjyefvnf
xdef;nd§NyD;onfh trSwfae&m/

53

(yvyfaNr)10wGif oufa&mufrIrsm;udk od&Sd
owfrSwfjcif;? oufa&mufrIrsm; rjzpfvmap&ef
umuG,fjcif;wdkYjzifh ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJtay:oufa&muf
vmrnfhta&;udk a&Smif&Sm;jcif;?
• tyifESifh wd&dpämefwdkY rSDcdk&mae&mrsm; tuGJuGJtjym;jym;jzpfjcif;udk avsSmhcsa&;twGufvkyfaqmif
jcif;? ZD0qdkif&mpBuF Hvrf;rsm; wnfaqmufjcif;
uJhodkYaom pDrHudef;vkyfpOf umvtwGif; (ESifh)(odkYr[kwf)pDrHudef;umvvGeftcsdefrsm;wGif
tyifESifh wd&dpämefwdkYrSDcdk&mae&mrsm;tm; jyefvnf
xdef;odrf;a&;vkyfaqmifjcif;• xdcdkufqHk;&HI;oGm;aom ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJtpm; tavsmf
jyeffay;qyfjcif;udk taumiftxnfazmfjcif;

yx0Dqdkif&m tjcm;ae&ma'owdkYjzifhrwlyJwpfrlxl;
onfh ae&mwGifom&SdEdkifonfh rsdK;pdwfrsm; (ESihf)(odkYr[kwf) oD;jcm;uefYowfa'owdkYwGifom &Sifoef
Edkifonfh rsdK;pdwfrsm; twGut
f a&;Bu;D onfrh cDS &kd mae&m
rsm;? (3)urÇmt
h qifh ESichf saD tmifrsm;jym;onfyh rmPjzifhpkaygif;um a&TUajymif;avh&Sdonfh rsdK;pdwfrsm; (ESifh)(odkYr[kwf) urÇmhtqifEh iS chf saD tmifrsm;jym;onfyh rm
Pjzifth csed t
f vdu
k ?f ae&mtvdkuf tkyfpkzGJUavh&Sdonfh
rsdK;pdwfwdkYtwGuf ta&;ygonfh rSDcdk&mae&mrsm;? (4)Ncdrf;ajcmufrI txl;cHae&onfh (ESifh) (odkYr[kwf)tjcm;wdkYESifhrwlyJ wrlxl;aeonfh a*[pepfrsm; (5)t"duqifhuJjzpfpOf tqifhqifhESifh qufpyfvQuf&Sdonfh {&d,mrsm;/

tyifESifhowå0grsm; rSDcdk&mae&mrsm;wGif
ta&;MuD;tjzpf owfrSwfxm;onfh ae&m
16/ tyifESifhowå0grsm; rSDcdk&mae&mrsm;xJü ta&;
BuD;tjzpf owfrSwfxm;onfh ae&mqdkonfh {&d,mrsm;wGif yl;wJGazmfjyygwdkYtygt0if wefzdk;jrifhjrifhrm;rm;
xm;&onfh ZD0rsK;d pkrH sKd ;uGrJ sm;&Sad yonf - (1) rsKd ;wke;faysmufuG,frnfudktxl;pdk;&drfae&onfh (ESifh) (odkYr[kwf)rsdK;wkef;aysmufuG,frnfudk
pdk;&drfae&onfh
rsdK;pdwfrsm;11 twGuf ta&;MuD;rSDcdk&mae&mrsm;? (2)17/ atmufygwdkYudkrjyqdkEdkifyJ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh tyifESifh
owå0grsm;rSDcdk&mae&mrsm;twGif; ta&;BuD;tjzpf
owfrSwfxm;onfh ae&mtrsdK;tpm;wGif tusKH;0if
onfh{&d,mrsm;üpDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;rvkyfaqmif&yg/• jyKjyifajymif;vJNyD;om;ae&m?(odkYr[kkwf) ta&;BuD;
wefzdk;xm;apmifha&Smuf&rnfhpm&if;wGif ryg0if
onfh obm0ae&mrsm;wGif pDrHudef;udk vkyfaqmif
EdkifzdkYta&;twGuf a'otwGif;wGif &SmazGír&
Edkifawmhjcif;?
• tyifESifhowå0grsm; rSDcdk&mae&mrsm;twGif; ta&;
BuD;tjzpf owfrSwfxm;onfhae&mtjzpf &Sdae
aomaMumifh ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJqdkif&m wefzdk;12&SdaeNyD;,if;wefzdk;rsm;tay:odkYjzpfap? ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJqdkif&m
wefzdk;rsm;udk axmufyHhulnDxm;onfh a*[pepfvkyfieff;pOfrsm;tay:ojYkdzpfapodomonfq
h ;kd usKd ;ouf
a&mufrIrsm; rjzpfaponfh pDrHudfef;• aMumif;usdK;qDavsmfonfh umvwpfck13twGif;
rsdK;wkef;aysmufuG,frnfudk txl;pdk;&drfae&onfh(odkYr[kwf) rsdK;wkef;aysmufuG,frnfudk pdk;&drfae

10
pDrHudef;ae&mtwGif;&Sdí pDrHudef;taumiftxnf azmf&efr[kwfaom?
obm0ywf0ef;usifudk xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smuf&ef&nf&G,fonhf ajrae&m
rsm; (yvyfaNr) qdkonfrSm pDrHudef;e,fajrtwGif; yg0ifonfh ajr{&d,m(odkYr[kwf) rdrdwdkY axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;upDrHcefYcGJonfh
atmufwGif&Sdonfh {&d,mwGif yg0ifaomfvnf; pDrHudef;taumiftxnf
azmfaqmif&Gufonfh ae&mr[kwfyJ ywf0eff;usifxdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufrI
wdk;jr§ifha&;twGuf ypfrSwfxm;aqmif&Gufaeonfh ajrae&mudk qdkvdkonf/
yvyfajrwGifxl;jcm;onfh ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJwefzdk;rsm; (ESifh) (odkYr[kwf) ae&m
a'owGif;?EdkifiHwGif;? a'otwGif;wdkY txda*[pepfaxmufyHh0efaqmifrI
rsm;ay;Edkifonfh t&nftaoG;rsm;&SdEdkifonf/ yvyfajrudk owfrSwf&mwGif
EdkifiHwumutodtrSwfjyKxm;onfhcsOf;uyfaqmif&GufykHrsm; (odkYr[kwf)enf;emrsm; (Oyrm - High Conservation Value - xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufrIqdkif&m jrifhrm;onfh wefzdk;xm;rI? pepfusaomxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;
tpDtpOf)udk tokH;jyKí zGifhqdkowfrSwf&rnf/
11
EdkifiHwum obm0xdef;odrf;a&;or*¾ (IUCN; International Union
for the Conservation of Nature) \ Ncdrf;ajcmufcHae&aom rsdK;pdwfrsm;
pm&if;teDwGif yg0ifonfh rsdK;pdwfrsm;/ tjcm;pm&if;rsm;ESifhywfoufonfh
txl;ta&;BuD;ae&mqdkif&m qHk;jzwfcsufonf yl;wGJygtwdkif;jzpfonf (1)IUCN vrf;nTefcsufrsm;udkvdkufemaqmif&Gufonfh EdkifiHrsm;rS EdkifiHtqifh?
a'otqifhrsdK;wkef;aysmufuG,frnfudkpdk;&drfae&onfh(odkYr[kwf)rsdK;wkef;
aysmufuG,frnfudk txl;pdk;&drfae&onfh rsdK;pdwfrsm; pm&if;wGifyg0ifaeyg
u txl;ta&;BuD;ae&m (critical habitats) [koufrSwfqHk;jzwfcsufudk
pDrHcsuf wckcsif;pDtvdkuf t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh ynm&SifwdkYESifh wdkifyif
aqmif&Guf&rnf/ (2) EdkifiHtqifhjzpfap(odkYr[kwf) a'oqdkif&m tqifh
jzpfap xdkrsdK;pdwfrsm;owfrSwfjciff;onf IUCN vrf;nTefcsufrsm;ESifh
rudkufnDygu (Oyrm - tcsdKUEdkifiHrsm;wGuf umuG,fxm;aom (odkYr[kwf)uefYowfxm;aomrsdK;pdwfrsm;[lí a,bk,somowfrSwfavh&Sdonf)
pm&if;owfrSwfjcif;\ taMumif;&if;ESifh &nf&G,fcsufwdkYtm; pdppfonfh
qeff;ppfrIudk vkyfaqmif&rnf/ xdkodkYaom ta&;udpöwGif txl;ta&;BuD;e,fajrqdkonfudk tqdkygqef;ppfcsuft& owfrSwf&rnf/

54

12
ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJqdkif&m wefzdk;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkYudk yHhydk;ay;xm;onfh a*[pepfvkyfieff;pOfrsm;udk a*[pepfqdkif&mpau;jzifh wdkif;wmowfrSwf&rnf/
13
pkpkaygif;ta&twGufavsmhusjcif;onf rsdK;qufaygif;rsm;pGm Mumjrifh
onfhtcsdef (odkYr[kwf) tvGef&SnfMumaom tcsdefumvwcktwGif;oufqdkif&m rsdK;pdwfrsm;\ urÇmhtqifh (ESifh) (odkYr[kwf) a'owGif;tqifh?
EdkifiHhtqifh yrmPudk xdef;odrf;xm;EdkifpGrf; udk xdcdkufoufa&mufEdkifonfh
wBudrf wcgwnf;ESifh yrmPavsmhusjcif; (odkYr[kwf) avsmhusjcif;rsm;
tMudrfMudrfjzpfNyD;onfhaemuf pkaygif;í yrmPavsmhusjcif;udkqkdvdkonf/
xdkodkYta&twGuf avsmhusEdkifonfh yrmP(urÇmESifh(odkY) a'owGif;EdkifiH
qdkif&m)udk IUCN \ teDa&mifpm&if;wGif tajccHNyD; (odkY) a'owGif;EdkifiH
wGif; pm&if;rsm;tay: tajccHNyD;oufrSwfonf/ p&if;ESpfrsdK;vHk;wGifygaom
rsdK;pdwfrsm;twGuf a'owGif;EdkifiHwGif; pm&if;tay:wGif tajccHonf/

&onfh rsdK;pdwfrsm;\ urÇmvkH;qdkif&m (ESifh)(odkYr[kwf) EdkifiHvkH;qkdkif&m (ESifh) (odkYr[kwf)a'oqdkif&mta&twGuf pkpkaygif;14 avsmhusrnfh
ta&; rjzpfaponfh pDrHudef;
rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0effaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;\
pDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOfwGif aumif;rGefíqDavsmfjcif;vnf;&Sdonfh ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJqdkif&m a&&SnfapmifhMunfhavhvm?
tuJjzwfjcif; tpDtpOfwckudk aygif;xnfh&rnf/
18/ pmydk'f 17 wGif azmfjyxm;aomvdktyfcsufrsm;udk
rdrdwkdY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olu jynfhrD
atmifaqmif&GufEdkifonfhtajctaersm;wGif pDrHudef;\ oufa&mufrIrsm;avsSmhcsa&; AsL[mudk ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJ
rsm;xdef;odrf;Ncif;ESifY rlv&Sd&if;taNctaeodkY Nyefvnf
a&muf&Sda&; vkyfief;pDrHcsufwGif xnfhoGif;azmfjy&rnf
jzpfNyD; tyifESifhowå0grsm; rSDcdk&mae&mrsm;twGif;wGif
ta&;BuD;tjzpf owfrSwfxm;onfhae&m tjzpf&Sdae
aomaMumifh ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJqdkif&m wefzdk;&SdaerIrsm;ESifh
ywfoufí pkpkaygif;tusdK;tjrwf&v'f15&&Sdap&ef,if;AsL[mudk a&;qGJ&rnf/
19/ oufa&mufrIrsm;avsmhusapa&;AsL[m\ tpdwf
tydkif;tjzpf ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJqdkif&m jyefvnfay;qyfjcif;
vkyaf qmif&efwifjyvmygu rdrwd \Ykd axmufy0hH efaqmif
rIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh pDrHudef;aMumifh ZD0
rsdK;uGJtay:oufa&mufrIrsm;udkavsmhusatmif aqmif&GufNyD;onfh aemufydkif;ododomom ~uGif;usefae
ao;onfh oufa&mufrIrsm;udk pmykd'f 17 wGifyg&Sdonfh
vdktyfcsufrsm;twdkif; vHkavmufpGm avsSmhcsrnfjzpf
aMumif; qef;ppfrIwpfck vkkyfaqmifí azmfjyEdkif&rnf/

Oya't&tumtuG,fay;xm;onfh{&d,mrsm;ESifhEdkifiHwumu todtrSwfjyKxm;onfh{&d,mrsm;
20/ tqdkjyKvmaompDrHudef;onf Oya't& tum
tuG,fay;xm;onfh {&d,m16 (odkYr[kwf) EdkifiHwum
utodtrSwfjyKxm;onfh{&d,m17wdkYtwGif;wGif vkyf
aqmif&rnfth ajctaewGi&f adS eygu rdrwd \Ykd axmufyhH
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh ,ckvkyf
aqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf\ pmydk'f 13 rS 19 wGif yg0if
aomvdktyfcsufrsm;tm; jynfhrDatmifvkyfaqmif&
rnf/ xdkYtjyifrdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh atmufygwdkYudkvnf; vkyfaqmif&rnf/• xdkae&m{&d,mtwGif;wGif pDrHudef;aqmif&GufcGifh
udkOya'aMumif;t& cGifhjyKcsufudk jyoEdkif&rnf/•		xdkae&m{&d,mrsm;twGuf tpdk;&u owfrSwfxm;
aom pDrHcefYcGJrI tpDtpOfrsm;ESifhtnD vdkufem
aqmif &Guf&rnf/• tumtuG,af y;xm;onfah e&mESiyhf wfoufonfh
uruxjyKolrsm;? pDrHcefYcGJolrsm;? xdcdkufouf
a&mufcH&onfh &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;? Xmaewdkif;&if;om;
rsm;ESifh tjcm;qufpyfywfoufolrsm;tm; pDrHudef;
ESifh ywfoufNyD; wdkifyifaqG;aEG;&rnf/• xdk{&d,mtm;tusdK;jzpfjzpf pDrHcefYcGJrI18ESifh xdef;
odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;qdkif&m&nf&G,fcsufwdkYjrifhrm;
wdk;wufvmapa&;twGuf xyfwdk;vkyfaqmifrnfh
tpDtpOfrsm;udk qDavsmfvQif qDavsmfovdk
xnfhoGif; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&rnf/

Oya't&tumtuG,fay;xm;onfh{&d,monf IUCN u t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkxm;onfh twdkif; ]]a*[pepf axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;? ,Ofaus;rI
qdkif&m wefzdk;rsm;jzifh&Sdaeonfh obm0tm; a&&Snfxdef;odrf;Edkifa&;
twGuf Oya'ESifhtnD? tjcm;tm;aumif;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD
pl;pdkufrI&Sd&Sd pDrHaqmif&Gufaeonfh yx0Dydkif;qdkif&mt& aocsm&Sif;vif;
onfh e,ferdwf}} jzpfonf/ ,ckvkyfaqmifcsuf pHowfrSwfcsuf\&nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf ,if;wGif tpdk;&u ,ckvdkenf;jzifh owfrSwf
ay;&eftqdkjyKxm;aom {&d,mrsm;udk xnfhoGif; &rnf/
17urÇmhukvor*¾ ynma&;? odyÜHESifh,Ofaus;rI tzGJYtpnf; UNESCO uurÇmhobm0 tarGtESpftjzpfowfrSwfxm;aomae&mrsm;? UNESCO
vlom;ESifh toufb0pwif&mae&mtjzpf xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufxm;onfhe,fajr? t"duZD0rsdK;uGJ &Sd&mae&mrsm;? EdkifiHwum ta&;yg pdrfhajr
qdkif&m oabmwlnDcsuf (Ramsar Convention)wGif jyXmeff;xm;onfh
pdrfhajrrsm;/
18
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tpDtpOfrsm; rjzpfraevkyfaqmif&ef rvdktyfyg/
16

14

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ußGrf;usifynm&Sifrsm;jzifh wdkifyifvkyfaqmif&rnf/
15
pkpkaygif; tusdK;tjrwf&v'frsm;rSm ta&;BuD;aomrDScdk&m ae&mtjzpf
owfrw
S Ef ikd af omZD0rsK;d pkrH sKd ;uGw
J efz;kd rsm;&&SEd ikd af &;twGuf xyfaqmif;ay;
onfh xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;qdkif&m&v'frsm;jzpfonf/ ZD0rsdK;uGJ
jyefvnf ay;qyfjcif;udk taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;aMumifhvnf;
pkpkaygif;tusdK;tjrwf&v'fudk&&SdEdkifonf/ tu,fí ZD0rsdK;uGJjyefvnf
ay;qyfjcif;ryg0ifyJ ,ckvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf\ pmydk'f 17 yg vdk
tyfcsufrsm;jynfhrDatmif aqmif&Gufa&;wGif rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrI
udk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifhpkpkaygif;tusdK;tjrwf&v'f&&Sda&;twGufrl&if;
ae&m (ajrjyif) wGif rSDcdk&mae&mrsm; tm;aumif;apa&;? ZD0rsdK;uGJudk um
uG,f?xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;wdkYtwGuftpDtpOfrsm; vkyfaqmif&rnf/

55

oufqdkif&mobm0ywf0ef;usifwGif ,cifur&Sdonfh
jyifyrS rsdK;pdwfrsm; xdk;azmufysHUyGm; 0ifa&mufvmjcif;
21/ wdkif;jcm;&yfjcm; (odkYr[kwf) rl&if;a'ocH
r[kwfonfh tyifrsdK;pdwfESifh wd&dpämefrsdK;pdwfrsm;tm;,if;wdkYt&ifuvkH;0r&Sdonfh ae&m{&d,mrsm;twGif;
odkYwrifoufoufjzpfap? rawmfwqjzpfap a&muf&Sd
vmaponfhtwGuf xdkae&m{&d,m\ ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJ
tay: tEÅ&m,ftBuD;tus,f usa&mufapayonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdkjyifyrS a&mufvmonfh
rsdK;pdwfrsm;xJrS tcsdKUrsdK;pdwfrsm;onf ae&ma'o
twGif;&Sd rl&if;a'ocHrsdK;pdwfrsm; wdk;yGm;EIef;xuf
tvGejf refqefonfw
h ;kd yGm;EIe;f jzift
h vsitf jrefx;kd azmuf
ysHUyGm;aomaMumifh jzpfonf/&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh xdkrsdK;pdwfrsm; ra&muf&Sdao;
onfh tjcm;ae&ma'orsm;odkY ysHUyGm;roGm;atmif
wifBudKowdxm;í umuG,f&rnf/ tu,fívufawGYwGifjzpfEdkifygu rdrdwdkYpDrHxdef;csKyfEdkifonfh
obm0rSDcdkae&mrsm;ü jyifyrsdK;pdwfrsm;u Xmaerl&if;
tyif? wd&dpämefwdkYrSDcdkaexdkif&mae&mrsm;udk ysHUyGm;
vmygu xdkjyifyrsdK;pdwfrsm;tm; zsufqD;okwfoif
z,f&Sm;rnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh &SmazGjyD;¤if;wdkYudk ESdrfeif;oihfonf/

22/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;ol
rsm;taejzifh jyifyrSrsdK;pdwfrsm; wifoGif;rnfh ta&;ESifh
ywfoufí,if;odw
Yk ifoiG ;f jcif;qdik &f mvuf&pdS nf;rsO;f
rsm;twdkif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKyJjyifyrSrnfonfhrsdK;pdwf
udkrQ (pDrHudef;&Sd&m ae&ma'o (odkYr[kwf) EdkifiHwGif
vuf&Sdtajctaeü ray:xGef;ao;onfh rsdK;pdwfrsm;)
wrifoufouf wifoGif;jcif; rjyK&ay/ txufyg
twdkif;qdkxm;aomfvnf; vuf&Sdpnf;rsOf;owfrSwf
csufrsm;ESifhtnD cGifhjyKcsuf&onfjzpfap xdk;azmuf
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rsdK;pdwfudkrqdk wrifoufoufwifoGif;vmjcif; r&Sd
ap&/ (rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;
olrsm;\ obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&m
tEÅ&m,frsm;? ouf a&mufrI rsm; udk od&SdowfrSwfonfh
vkyfieff;pOf tpdwftydkif;tjzpf) jyifyrsdK;pdwfrsm;
wifoGif;vmrnfh udpöwdkif;ESifh ywfoufNyD; xdkrsdK;pdwf
rsm; tvGefrsm;jym;pGm xdk;azmufysHUyGm;rnfh tEÅ&m,f
jzpfvmEdkifrI &Sd? r&Sd qef;ppfrIrsm; vkyfaqmif&rnf/
ZD0½kyfwck aygufyGm;aexdkifaeaom t&m (odkYr[kwf)ydk;rTm;?wd&dpåmefrsm; (ajrqDvTm? ausmufwkH;? tyift
pdwftydkif;rsm;) ponfwdkYwGif jyifyrsdK;pdwfrsm;&SdaeEdkif
onfhtwGuf ,if;wdkYtm; wrifjzpfap? rawmfwq
jzpfapwifoiG ;f vmEdik rf nft
h a&;tm;a&Smif&mS ;Edik af prnfh
tpDtrHrsm;udk rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;u taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&rnf/

24/ tEå&m,fESifhoufa&mufrIrsm; od&SdowfrSwfa&;
vkyfief;pOfrS &&Sdcsufrsm;t& pDrHudef;onf a*[pepfaxmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm; tm; qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;&SdEdkifonfh tajctaewGif rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmif
rIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh a*[pepfrS &&Sdaom
tusdK;&vm'frsm;rS ta&;BuD;qkH; t&mrsm;udk od&Sd
owfrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf pepfwusjyefvnf pdppf&
rnf/ a*[pepfrS&&Sdaom tusdK;&vm'frsm;rS ta&;
BuD;qkH;t&mrsm;qdk&mü 2 ydkif;yg0ifrnf - (1) pDrHudef;
vkyfief;rsm;aMumifh tus,ftjyefYxdcdkufoGm;Edkifonfh
a*[pepfESifY xdkodkUxdcdkufrIrsm;aMumifh &yf&Gmvlxk
wGif qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm; &SdoGm;Edkifonf? (ESifh)(odkYr[kwf) (2) pDrHudef;vkyfieff;rsm; u wdkuf½dkuf
rSDcdkae&onfh a*[pepf (Oyrm- a&)/ oufqdkif&m&yf&GmvlxkwGif xdkqdk;usdK;rsm; oufa&mufvmEdkifonfh
tajctaeü vkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 wGif
azmfjyxm;onfh qufpyfywfoufolrsm;ESifh xdawGY
qufqHaqmif&Gufjcif; vkyfief;pOfESifh tnD a*[pepfrS &&Sdaom tusdK;&vm'frsm;rS ta&;BuD;qkH; t&mrsm;
ta&;ESifhywfoufonfh qkH;jzwfrIrsm; vkyfaqmif&m
wGif oufqdkif&m &yf&Gmvlxku yg0ifoifhonf/

23/ jyifyrsdK;pdwfrsm;onf rdrdwdkYpDrHudef;vkyfrnfh
ae&ma'o (odkYr[kwf)EdkifiHwGif a&muf&SdaeNyD; jzpfae
onfh tajctaewGif rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk
56

a*[pepf axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;tm;
pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif;

25/ &yf&GmvlxkESifh ywfoufaeonfh a*[pepfrS&&Sdaom tusdK;&vm'frsm;rS ta&;BuD;qkH;t&mrsm;udk
xdckdufoGm;Edkifonfhta&;ESifh qufpyfí rdrdwdkY
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm; udk,fwdkif
u a*[pepfaxmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk wdkuf½kdufpDrH
cefYcGJEdkifjcif; (odkYr[kwf)us,fus,fjyefYjyeffY vTrf;rdk;Edkif
onfh tajctaewGif&Sdygu ,if;a*[pepfaxmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;tay: qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIr&Sad p&ef
umuG,Ef ikd &f rnf/ tu,fíqd;k usKd ; oufa&mufrIrsm;udk
ra&SmifvGJEdkifygurdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;onf a*[pepfaxmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;\
weffzdk;ESifhvkyfief;rsm; rxdcdkufaponfh &nf&G,fcsuf
jzifh vkyfaqmifonfh xdcdkufrIrsm; avsSmhcsa&;vkyf
aqmifcsufrsm;udk aqmif&Guf&rnf/ pDrHudef;u rSDcdk
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onfhtcsufESifhqufpyfNyD;rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmif
rIudk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh xdkodkYoufa&mufrIrsm;
avsmhusenf;yg;atmifvkyfaqmif&rnf? xdkYjyifpDrHudef;
vkyfief;rsm;vkyfaqmif&mwGif vkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwf
csuf 3 wGGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk
tqkH;t½IH;tenf;qkH;ESifh tusdK;&v'f trsm;qkH;&&ef
tokH;jyKEdkifa&;udk wdk;jr§ifhvkyfaqmif&rnf/ a*[pepfaxmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; aemufxyfyHh
ydk;vkyfaqmif&rnfhta&;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifrIpHowf
rSwfcsuf 4? 5? 7 ESifh 8 19 wdkYwGifvnf; azmfjyxm;onf/
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a&&Snf wnfwHhatmifpDrHcefYcGJjcif;
26/ rdrdwdkYaxmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifo
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ponfwdkYtygt0ifjzpfonfh &Sifoefaeonfh obm0
t&if;tjrpfxkwfvkyfonfh vkyfieff;rsm;wGif yg0if
ywfoufaeygu þvkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsufyg
pmydk'f 26 rS 30 txd azmfjyxm;aomtcsufrsm;udk
vdkufem&ef wm0ef&Sdovdk tjcm;usef&Sdaeonfh tcsuf
rsm;udkvnf;vkyfaqmif&rnf/ rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh jzpfEdkifonfh
tajctaewGifajrudktajccHonfhpdkufysdK;a&;vkyfieff;?
opfawmvkyfief;pDrHcsufrsm;twGuf opfawmr&Sdzl;
onfh ajrrsm;ESifh ajymif;vJxm;NyD;jzpfaom ajrrsm;ü
vkkyfudkif&rnf/ xdkvkyfieff;rsm; vkyfudkifaeonfh rdrd
wdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
19
a*[pepfaxmufyHh0effaqmifrIrsm;qdkif&m &nfnTef;csufrsm;udk vkyf
aqmifrIpHowfrSwf csuf 4 rS pmykd'f 8? vkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 5 rS
pmykd'f 5 ESifh pmydk'f 25 rS 29? vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 7 rS pmykd'f 13 rS
17 ESifh pmydk'f 20? vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 8 rS pmykd'f 11 wdkYwGif
awGYEdkifonf/

vkyfieff;qdkif&m oD;jcm;pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfxkH; vkyfenf;rsm;?
&Ekdifonfh enf;ynmrsm;udk tokH;jyKí &Sifoefaeonfh
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xkwfvkyfa&; vkyfief;qdkif&m vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;tm;
EdkifiHwumqdkif&m? a'oqdkif&m(odkYr[kwf) EdkifiHqdkif&mponfhtqifhrsm;rS vufcHtodtrSwfjyKxm;aom
pHrsm;ESifhtwl aygif;pyfEdkifaomtcg rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh a&&SnfwnfwHh
rnfh pDrHcefYcGJrI vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;tm; vGwfvyfpGm
pdppftwnfjyKNyD; (odkYr[kwf) w&m;0if todtrSwfjyK
NyD;vnf;jzpfaom qDavsmfNyD; trsm;uvufcHxm;onfh
pHwck (odkYr[kwf) pHrsm;twdkif; aqmif&GufoGm;rnf/
27/ ouf&Sd obm0&if;jrpfrsm;tm; a&&SnfwnfwH
atmifpDrHcefYcGJjcif;twGuf EdkifiHwumqdkif&m? a'oqdkif&m? EdkifiHqdkif&mponfhtqifhtoD;oD;rS twnfjyK
vufcHxm;onfh pHrsm;onf yl;wJGygtcsufrsm;jzifhjynfh
pkHonf - (1) ,if;wdkYonf "r®"dXmefusNyD; atmifjrif
atmifvkyfaqmifEkdifonf? (2),if;wdkYtm;bufaygif;
pkHrS qufpyfywfoufolrsm; tm;vkH;ESifh wkdifyifaqG;
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wdk;jr§ifhoGm;&ef tm;ay;onf? (4) xdkpHrsm; twGuf 20
qDavsmfNyD; *kPfodu©m&Sdonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;uvGwv
f yfpmG pdppftwnfjyKjcif; (odrYk [kw)f w&m;0if
todtrSwfjyKjcif;udk yHhydk;ay;onf/
28/ qDavsmfrI&SdNyD; trsm;uvufcHtodtrSwfjyK
xm;onfh pHwck(pHrsm;) ay:xGef;vmcsdefwGif rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olu xdkpH(rsm;)tm;
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todtrSwfjyKjcif;r&Sdao;vsSif rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;oltaejzifh xdkpHrsm;tm;
qufpyfrI&SdonfhpHrsm;ESifh vkdkufavsmnDaxGrI &Sdonfh
taMumif; od&SdowfrSwfEdkif&ef wifBudKqef;ppf vkyf
aqmif&rnf/ xdkYaemuf oifhawmfonfh tcsdefumv
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h &m;0iftodtrSwjf yKjcif;pepfonf ukeu
f srEI iS hf wGufvsSiftusdK;xl;&v'f&NyD;vGwfvnf;vGwfvyfpGmvkyfudkifEdkifum "r®"dXmef
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azmfxkwf&mwGif oufqdkif&m qufpyfywfoufolrsm;jzpfonfh Oyrm
a'ocH&yf&Gmvlxk? Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;? pm;okH;ol? xkwfvkyfolESifh
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rsm;rS udk,fpm;vnfrsm; ponfholrsm;ESifh wdkifyifaqG;aEG;NyD; azmfxkwf&
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jzpfonf/57

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jyKjcif; (odkYr[kwf) w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKjcif;udk &&Sd
atmifaqmif&Guf&rnf/
29/ oD;oefYtxl;jzpfaeonfh &Sifoeffaeaomobm0
t&if;tjrpfrsm;twGuf EdkifiHwumqdkif&m? a'oqdkif&m(odrYk [kw)f Edik if q
H ikd &f m ponfth qifrh sm;rS twnfjyK
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Ekdifao;ygu? rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;
olonf (1) EdkifiHwumvkyfieff;vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf
jcif;qdkif&m aumif;rGefaom vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;? pDrHrI
qdkif&mvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifh enf;ynmrsm; ponf
wdkYudk tokH;cs&efpdwfydkif;jzwfxm;&rnf? (2) EdkifiH
tqifh pHrsm;xGufay:vm&efwuf~uGpGm tm;pdkufNyD;
qufqHaqmif&Gufvkyfaqmifae&efvdktyfNyD; wcsdef
wnf;rSmyif ,if;vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;onf a&&Snf
wnfwHhrnfh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;jzpfaMumif; zGifhqdk&Sif;jyEdkifa&;udk tm;ay;onfh avhvmrIrsm;udkvnf;
axmufyHh&rnf/
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jzpfay:vma&;twGuf vdktyfonfhvkyfief;uGif;quf
30/ rdrdwdkY axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olonf
tajccHukefrsm; (txl;ojzifh tpm;tpm? trSsif"mwf
ygaom ukkefypönf;rsm; txl;ojzifh[k qdkaomfvnf;
þt&mcsnf;rsm;udkom[kr&nfnTef;yg) tm; 0,f,l&mwGif xkdukefrsm;onf tyifESifhwd&dpämefwdkY rSDcdk&m
obm0ae&m (odkYr[kwf) txl;ta&;BuD;tjzpf
owfrSwfxm;aomae&mrsm;tm;ododomomajymif;
vJ Edkifaom tEÅ&m,frsm;onfhtajctaeatmufwGif
xkwfvkyfxm;aom ukefrsm;jzpfygu xkdyifrpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;pOftwGuf t"duvdktyfaom ukefpnf(odkYr[kwf)ypönf;rsm;udk pOfqufrysuf ay;oGif;aeol
rsm;21 tm; pdppfokH;oyf&eftwGuf rdrdwdkY\ ESMS
(obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&m pDrHcefYcGJrIpepf)qdkif&m vkyfief;tpdwftydkif;wcktjzpf vkyfief;
pepfrsm;? pdppftwnfjyKjcif;qdkif&m vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;
rsm; ponfwkdYudk csrSwf&rnf/ xdkvkyfief;pepfrsm;ESifh
21
yifrpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; pOftwGuf t"duvdktyfaom tajccHukefpnf(odkYr[kwf) ypönf;rsm;udk pOfqufrysufay;oGif;aeolrsm;rSm pDrHudef;\
tc&musaom vkyfief;rsm;twGufvdktyfonfh &Sifoefaeonfh obm0
t&if;tjrpfrsm;? ukefypönf;rsm;? tajccHypönf;rsm;udk ay;oGif;aomolrsm;
udk qkdvdkonf/

58

pdppftwnfjyKjcif;qdkif&m vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;onf (1) xkdukefrsm; rnfonfht&yfrS xGuf&Sd(xkwfvkyf)
onf? xdka'oonf tyifESifh wd&dpämefwdkYrSDcdk&mae&m
rsm;xJrS rnfonfhae&m trsdK;tpm;wGif yg0ifonfudk
od&Sdatmif vkyfaqmifonf/ (2) xdktajccHukefrsm;\
vkyfief;uGif;qufudk tNrJwrf;apmifhMunfh avhvma&;
twGuftm;ay;onf/ (3) obm0jzpfaom ajymif;vJ
xm;jcif;r&Sdonhf tyifESihfowå0grsdK;pdwfrsm; rSDcdk&mae&mrsm; (ESifh) (odkYr[kwf) txl;ta&;BuD;tjzpf
owfrSwfxm;aomae&m ponfwdkYudk tBuD;trm;
tajymif;tvJjzpfoGm;atmif rvkyfaqmifaomol jzpf
aMumif; oufaojyEdkifonfholrsm;xHrS ukefpnf&,ljcif; vkyfieff;pOfudk tuefYtowfxm;í vkyfudkifonf(xdkukefpnfrsm; (ESifh) (odkYr[kwf) ae&mrsm;ESifh
ywfoufí w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKcsufrsm; jyoEdkif
jcif; (odkYr[kwf) trsm;vufcHonfh vkyfief;pOfwckjzifh
pdppftwnfjyKonfh (odkYr[kwf) w&m;0iftodtrSwf
jyKonfh vkyfief;udkvkyfaqmifaejcif;)/ (4) jzpfEdkif
ygu?
xdktajccHukef&,ljcif;vkkyfief;uGif;qufudk
oufqdkif&mae&ma'orsm; tBuD;trm; rxdcdkuf
ap&ef tumtuG,fay;onfudk oufaojyEdkifonfhay;oGif;olrsm;ESifY tcsdefumvmtm;avsmfpGmajymif;vJ
vkyk af qmif&efvt
k d yfonf/ rdrwd \Ykd axmufy0hH efaqmifrI
udk &,lxm;olrsm;u xdktEå&m,frsm;tm; aocsmpGm
ajz&Sif;aqmif&GufEdkifrnfh t&nftaoG; &Sdr&Sdqdkonfh
tar;udk ajzqdkEdkif&ef rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;u xkdtajccHukefay;oGif;olrsm; tay:
wGif rnfrsSxdef;csKyf(odkYr[kwf) vTrf;rdk;Edkifonfqdkonfh
tcsufay:wGif rlwnfayvdrfhrnf/

rdwfquf

pufcH&jcif; ponfhtjzpfqdk;rsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/

1/ vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf(7)onfXmaewdkfif;&if;om;rsm;tm; EdkifiHwGif;vltzGJYtpnf;rsm;&Sd t"duvlrsdK;tkyfpkrsm;ESifh rwluGJjym;jcm;em;aom udk,fydkif
vlrIa&;vu©Pm&Sdonfh vltkyfpkrsm;tjzpf vufcH
owfrSwfNyD; xdkvltkyfpkrsm;onf EdkifiHwGif;&Sd vlrsm;xJ
wGif ab;z,fxm;jcif;tcH&qkH;? tumtuG,frJhjzpf
aom? tm;enf;xdcdkufcH&EkdifqHk;olrsm;) jzpfaMumif;
vnf; vufcx
H m;onf/ jzpf&yfrsm;pGmwdw
Yk iG xf o
kd rl sm;
onf ¤if;wdkY\ ajr? obm0ESifh ,Ofaus;rIt&if;tjrpf
qdik &f m &ydik cf iG rhf sm;udu
k muG,Ef ikd af &;twGuf pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m? vlrIa&;qdkif&m? Oya' a&;qdkif&mtuefYtowf
rsm;udkMuKHawGYae&wwfNyD; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIpDrHudef;
rsm;wGif yg0ifywfoufEdkifrI? ,if;pDrHudef;rsm;\
tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;udk cHpm;&&SdEdkifrIwdkYwGifvnf; twm;
tqD;rsm;ESifh MuKH&wwfonf/ olw\
Ykd ajrrsm;ESiUf t&if;
tjrpfrsm;tm;Bu;D Bu;D rm;rm; tajymif;tvJ tvkyfcH&aomtcg?
usL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmaomtcg?
(odkYr[kwf) t&nftaoG;ododomom edrfhusysufpD;
apaomtcg Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;tzdkY tvGef
tumtuG,frJhaom tajctaersm;udk &ifqdkifMu&ayvdrfhrnf/ olwdkY\bmompum;? udk;uG,f&m
bmomrsm;? bmoma&;qdkif&m ,kHMunfrI rsm;?xkH;wrf;"avhrsm;ponfwdkYonfvnf; Ncdrf;ajcmufcH&bG,f&Sd
onf/ tusdK;quftm;jzifh zGHYjzdK;a&;pDrHudef; vkyfief;
rsm;rS ab;xGufqdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIudk EIdif;,SOfMunfh
rnfqdkygu tjcm;vlrsm;tay: oufa&mufrIxuf
pmvsSif Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;tay: oufa&mufrIuydkí jyif;xefavh&Sdonf/ ,if;odkY tumtuG,frJhrI
rsm;aMumifhjzpfvmrnfh oufa&mufrIrsm;wGif olwdkY\
udk,fydkifvu©Pm? ,Ofaus;rI? obm0&if;jrpfudk
rSDcdkonfh toufarG;rIrsm;ponfwdkY qkH;½IH;oGm;jcif;
rsm;vnf;yg0ifovdk qif;&JrGJawvmjcif;? a&m*gul;

2/ yk*¾vduydkif pD;yGm;a&;pDrHudef;rsm;onf Xmae
wdkif;&if;om;rsm; arsSmfvifhaeaom ,if;wdkY\pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m? vlrIb0wdk;wufa&;qdkif&mwdkYtwGuf tusdK;
jyKEdkifNyD; Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;tm; pDrHudef;rsm;wGif
yg0ifywfoufap&eff? ,if;pDrHudef;rsm;\tusdK;aus;Zl;
udk cHpm;Edkifap&eftwGuf tcGifhtvrf;rsm; zefwD;ay;
Edkifonf/ xdkYjyifXmaewdkif;&if;om;wdkYtaejzifh zGHYNzdK;
a&;vkyfief; rdwfbufrsm;tjzpf obm0ywf0ef;usifudk
rysufpD;apyJ wdk;wufzGYHNzdK;atmif vkyfaqmifa&;wGif
yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkifonf/ tpdk;&onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh
Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm; ta&;udpöwGif t"duusaom
tcef;u@rSaqmif&Gufavh&SdNyD; rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh rdrdwdkY\ pD;
yGm;a&;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;rS1jzpfvmwwfonfh tEÅ&m,f
ESifh oufa&mufrIrsm;udk wm0efodaom tmPmydkifrsm;
ESifhtwl yl;aygif;ajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf&rnf/&nfrSef;csufrsm;• pDrHudef;vkyfieff;rsm;onf Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;\
vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;? *kPfodu©m? arsSmfvifhcsufrsm;?
,Ofaus;rI? obm0t&if;tjrpfudkrSDcdkonhftouf
arG;rIrsm;ponfwdkYudk tjynfht0 tav;tjrwfjyK
aMumif; aocsmpGmtmrcHap&ef• pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;rS Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;tay:odkY oufa&mufvmEdkifonfh tEÅ&m,fESifh qdk;usdK;rsm;udk MudKwifceffYrSef;NyD; a&Smif&Sm;Edkif&ef? tu,fí1,ckvkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsufygvkdtyfcsufrsm;tm; jynfhrDatmif
vkyfaqmifonfhtjyifrdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0effaqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;tae
jzifh EdkifiHwumOya'rsm;udkvdkufem&effwm0ef&Sdonfhtwdkif; tdrf&SifEdkfifiHu
vkdufemaqmif&Gufaeonfh Oya'rsm;tygt0if EdkifiHtwGif; jyXmef;xm;NyD;
vnf;jzpfonfhqufpyfrIvnf;&SdonfhOya'rsm;udkvnf;vdkufemaqmif&Guf
&rnf/

59

ra&Smif&Sm;Edkifu xdkoufa&mufrIrsm;udk avsmhus
apa&;pDrH&ef (ESifh) (odkYr[kwf) jyefvnf tpm;xdk;
avsmfay;&ef• Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;twGuf
a&&SnfwnfwHh
aom zGHUNzdK;a&; tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;ESifh tcGifhtvrf;
rsm;ud,k if;wdt
Yk m;oifah wmfonf,h Ofaus;rIx;Hk pHjzifh
csOf;uyfí jr§ifhwifaqmif&Gufay;&eff• pDrHudef;umvwavsmufvkH;wGif today;aqG;aEG;nd§EIdif;jcif;ESifhqkH;jzwf&mwGifyg0ifcGifhjyKjcif; (ICP)
udktajccHum aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh pDrHudef;aMumifh
xdcdkufoufa&mufoGm;onfh Xmaewdkif;&if;om;
rsm;ESifh qufqHaqmif&Gufjcif;udk xlaxmif
xdef;odrf;xm;&eff• ,ckvyk af qmifrpI o
H wfrw
S cf suw
f iG af zmfjyxm;onfh
tajctaersm;MuKHvm&yguxdcdkufoGm;aomXmae
wdkif;&if;om;rsm;tm; vGwfvyfpGm BudKwiftoday;
wdkifyifí &,lonfhoabmwlnDrI (FPIC) udk
tmrcH&ef/• Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;\ ,Ofaus;rI? todynmESifh
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;tm; av;pm;&efESifh xdef;odrf;
apmifha&Smuf&ef/
tokH;jyK&m e,fy,f3/ ,ck vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuftm; tokH;jyKrnfh
twdkif;twm udk obm0ywf0eff;usif ESifh &yf&Gmvlxk
vlrIb0tay: oufa&mufvmrnfh tEå&m,fESifh
qdk;usdK;rsm;udk od&Sdatmifvkyfaqmifonfh vkyfief;pOf
twGif; owfrSwf&rnf/ vkyfief;rsm; taumiftxnf
azmf aqmif&Guf&mwGif ,ckvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf
rS vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDrI&Sdatmif vkyfaqmif&ef
vdktyfNyD; ,if;odkY udkufnDrI&Sdapa&;pDrH&mwGif vkyf
aqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh rdrdwdkY
xHrSaxmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm;\
obm0ywf0eff;usifESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&m pDrHcefYcGJrIpepf(ESMS) ESifhtnD pDrHaqmif&Guf&rnf/
4/ Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;qdkonfh a0g[m&udk urÇmw0ef; tm;vkH;vufcHonfh t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkxm;jcif;rsdK;
r&Sdao;yg/ EdkifiHtrsdK;rsdK;wGif Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;(Indigenous Peoples) qdkonfhvlrsm;udk yl;wJGyg
a0g[m& tac:ta0:rsm;jzifhvnf; &nfnTef;ac:a0:
okH;pGJMuonf - Indigenous Ethnic Minorities
60(Xmaewdkif;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;), Aboriginals(tbkd&D;*sif;eJvfrsm;) (a'owpfckütapmqHk;tcsdef
rsm; (odkY) udkvdkeDtjyKrcH&rSDtcsdefrsm; uwnf;urSDwif;aexdkifolrsm;), Hill Tribes (awmifwef;ae
vlrsdK;EG,fpkrsm;), Minorities Nationalities(vlenf;pkwdkif;&if;om;rsm;), Scheduled Tribes(pnf;rsOf;cHvlrsdK;pkrsm;), First Nations (trsKd;rsdK;
aomtbdk&D;*sif;eJvfrsm;? uae'gEdkifiH&dS tbdk&D;*sif;
eJvfrsm;), Tribal Groups (vlrsdK;EG,fpk tkyfpkrsm;)
tp&Sdonfjzifh/
5/ ,ckvkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsufwGifXmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm; (Indigenous Peoples) qdkonfh a0g[m&udk a,bl,sokH;pGJrnfjzpfNyD; atmufygxl;jcm;aomyifudkvu©Pmrsm;&SdNyD; vlrIb0qdkfif&m? ,Ofaus;rI
qdkif&mwdkYwGif uGJjym;jcm;em;aom vltpktzGJUudk qdkvdk
ayonf • olwdkYonftjcm;olrsm;ESifhrwlyJ uGJjym;jcm;em;aom
Xmaewdkif;&if;om;wckjzpfaMumif; olwdkYudk,fwdkif
u udk,fydkifvu©PmtjzpfowfrSwfxm;ovdk?
useftrsm;uvnf; ,if;wdkY\udk,fydkifvu©Pmudk
todtrSwfjyKonf/• pDrHudef;e,fajrtwGif; yx0Dt& oD;oefYjzpfaom
rSDcdk&mae&mrsm; (odkYr[kwf) a&S;umvuwnf;ubdk;pOfabmifqufaexdkifvmMuaom ae&mrsm;udk,if;vlrsm; tm;vk;H u pkaygi;f ícspcf ifjrwfE;kd Mujcif;?
xdkrSDcdkae&mrsm;ESifhae&ma'orsm;twGif;&Sd obm0
t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk tm;vkH;u pkaygif;ícspfcifjrwf
Edkf;Mujcif;/• trsm;uyifrvlYtzGJYtpnf;[kvufcHowfrSwfxm;
Muonfh vlYtzGJYtpnf; (odkYr[kwf) ,Ofaus;rIwdkY
ESifh rwlonfh ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m? pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m?
vlraI &;qdik &f m(od)Yk Edik if aH &;qdik &f m"avhx;Hk wrf;rsm;&Sdaejcif;/• EkdifiHwGif;rSmjzpfap? ae&ma'otwGif;rSmjzpfap
ajymaeMuonfhbmompum;(odkYr[kwf) w&m;0if
bmompum;wdkYESifh rwlnDonfh bmompum;(odkYr[kwf) a'od,pum;&Sdjcif;/
6/ tkypf &k dS vltm;vk;H u pkaygi;f í cspjf rwfE;kd pGmcsw
d qf uf
xm;rIrsm; udk xdef;odrf;xm;Muonfh vltkyfpkrsm;ESifh,ckvyk af qmifrpI o
H wfrw
S cf suo
f nf qufpyfywfouf
onf/ pkaygif;í cspfjrwfEdk;pGmcsdwfqufxm;aom(qdkvdkonfrSm ¤if;wdkY\- tkyfpkwcktjzpf? vlrI
todkif;t0dkif; wcktjzpf&Sdaom oD;jcm;yifudkvu©Pm
ESifhqufEG,fywfoufrI)oD;oefYjzpfaomrSDcdk&mae&m
rsm; (odkYr[kwf) a&S;umvuwnf;u bdk;pOfabmif
qufaexdkifvmMuaom ae&mrsm;? xdkae&mrsm;&dS
obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;ponfwdkYjzpfonf/ xdk Xmae
wdkif;&if;om; tzGJUtpnf;0ifvlrsm;\b0woufwm
umvtwGif; twif;tMuyfavsmfaMu;aiGay;í pGefY
vTwfcdkif;aomaMumifhjzpfap? y#dyu©aMumifhjzpfap?
tpdk;&\ jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; tpDtpOft&
jzpfap? olwdkY ajr,mrsm;udk ydkifqdkifcGifh t½kyfodrf;cH
vdkuf&í jzpfap? obm0uyfab;rsm;aMumifhjzpfap?
xdkae&ma'orsm;udkNrdKUjywnfaqmufonfh e,fajrxJ
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rSDcdk&mae&mrsm; (odkYr[kwf) a&S;umvuwnf;u bdk;
pOfabmifqufaexdkifvmMuaomae&mrsm;ponfwdkYtay: pkaygif;ícspfjrwfEdk;pGmcsdwfqufxm;jcif; qkH;½IH;
oGm;aom tajctaewGifvnf; ,ckvkyfaqmifrI
pHowfrSwfcsufudk tokH;jyKEkdifonf/
7/ ,ckvkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf &nf&G,fcsuf
rsm;udkjynfhrDatmif aqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf rdrdwdkY\
axmufy0hH efaqmifru
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vltkyfpkudk Xmaewdkif;&if;om;tjzpf owfrSwfrnf
enf;qdkonfhta&;udpöwGif? t&nftcsif;jynfhonfh
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vkdtyfcsufrsm;
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qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;jcif;
8/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh obm0ywf0eff;usifESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&m
tEÅ&m,fESifhoufa&mufrIrsm;udk od&SdowfrSwfonfh
vkyfief;pOftwGif; pDrHudef;uvTrf;NcKHxm;onhfe,fajr
twGif;wGif pDrHudef;aMumifh oufa&mufrIrsm; &SdoGm;
Edkifonfh Xmaewdkif;&if;om; vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf
rnfolrnf0gjzpfonfudk &SmazGrSwfom;xm;&rnf/
xdkYjyif ¤if;wdkYtay:wdkuf½dkufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufíjzpfap
usa&mufEkdifonfh pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m? vlrIa&;qdkif&m?

,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m (,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m tarGtESpf2
tygt0if)? obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m qdk;usdK;ouf
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vnf; od&SdatmifvkyfaqmifumrSwfom;xm;&rnf/
9/ xdcdkufoufa&mufcH&aom a'ocHXmae wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;rsm;odkY qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm; r&Sdap&ef
MudKwifumuG,fí a&Smif&Sm;oifhonf/ enf;emrsm;okH;í xdkodkYBudK;pm;aomfvnf; ratmifjrifyJ qdk;usdK;
oufa&mufrIrsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;Edkif&efrjzpfEdkifawmhygu
oufa&mufvmrIrsm;udk avsSmhcsEdkif&ef? jyefvnfukpm;
xdef;odrf;&eff(ESifh) (odkYr[kwf) jyefvnftpm;xdk;
avsmfay;&ef vkyfaqmif&rnf/ xkdodkYvkyfaqmif&m
wGifvnf; oifhawmfqDavsmfonfh,Ofaus;rI"avhrsm;
t& vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfovdk xdkXmae wkdif;&if;om;
wdkYtay: oufa&mufoGm;rIoabmobm0ESifh twdkif;
twmrsm;ESifhtnD? xdkolwdkYtumtuG,frJhoGm;&onfh
tajctaeESifhtnD vkyfaqmifay;&rnf/ rdrdwdkY\
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
xdkvkyfieff;tpDtpOfrsm; jyifqifonfhta&;wGif ouf
qdkif&mXmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;udk today;nd§EIdif;jcif;
ESifhqkH;jzwf&mwGif yg0ifcGifhjyKjcif; (ICP) vkyfief;
pepfjzifh vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfNyD; tcsdefumvowfrSwf
csufyg0ifaom tpDtpOfvnf;jzpf&rnf/ xdktpDtpOf
rsm;wGif Oyrmtm;jzifhXmaewdkif;&if;om;qdkif&mtpD
tpOf(odkYr[kwf)Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;3twGufuGJjym;jcm;em;onfh tydkif;rsm;yg0ifonfh vlrItodkif;
t0dkif;zGHUNzdK;a&;qdkif&m us,fjyefYaom tpDtpOfponf
wdkY yg0ifonf/yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;ESifh oabmwljcif;
10/ rdrdwdkY\axmufyhH0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 wGif azmfjy
xm;onfh vdktyfcsufrsm;twdkif; xdcdkufoGm;aom
Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm; xdawGUqufqHaqmif&Gufonfh
vkyfief;pOfudk vkyfaqmif&rnf/ ,if;vkyfief;pOftm;
2,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m tarGtESpftumtuG,fay;jcif;ESihfywfoufNyD; xyf
aqmif;vdktyfcsufrsm;udk vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 8 wGif azmfjyxm;
onf/

3
xdktpDtpOfqkH;jzwf&mwGif t&nftcsif;jynYf0onfh ußGrf;usifynm&Sif
rsm;\tMuOH mPfrsm;&,l&efvt
kd yfonf/ vlrt
I odik ;f t0dik ;f zGUH NzKd ;a&;qdik &f m
tpDtpOfrsm;onf oufqdkif&m xdcdkufaomus,fjyefYonfh &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;
wGif Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;u tpdwftydkif;wpfcktjzpf &Sdaeonfh tajc
taeESifh qDavsmfEdkifonf/61

oifhawmfqDavsmfonfh ,Ofaus;rI"avhrsm;t& vkyf
aqmif&rnfjzpfNyD; ,if;vkyfief;pOfwGif qufpyf ywf
oufolrsm;qdkif&m pdppfokH;oyfjcif;? xdawGYqufqH
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7
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8
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11
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0ifaiG&vrf;rsm;udk yHhydk;ay;&rnf/

63

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12

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vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jynfhrDatmif aqmif&Guf&rnf/

64

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ae&mrsm;onf vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 6 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh a*[
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19/ oufqdkif&m xdcdkufonfh Xmaewdkif;&if;om;
todik ;f t0dik ;f qDot
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14
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todkif;t0dkif;wckvkH;udk ay;avsmfonf jzpfygu
xdktodkif;t0dkif;twGif;rS ay;avsmfrI cHpm;oifhonfh
vlrsm;tm;vkH; cHpm;Edkifa&;twGuf aumif;rGefonfhay;tyfykH? aumif;rGefonfh jzefYa0ykHwdkYudk tm;ay;rnfh
vkyfief;vkyfaqmifykHpepfudk owfrSwfzdkYvdkNyD;xdktwdkif;
taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Guf&rnf/
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xdckdufoufa&mufcH&aom Xmaewdkif;&if;om;wdkYtzdkY
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aqmif&Gufa&; &nf&G,f&rnf/
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pDrHaqmif&Gufonfhtcg yk*¾vdu u@ydkif;rS,l&rnfh
wm0efrsm;
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rnfhtcef;u@udkowfrSwfonfhtcgrdrdwdkYaxmufyHh
0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh,ckvkyfaqmif
rIpHowfrSwfcsufyg &nfrSef;csufrsm;twdkif; jzpfvm
apa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mtpdk;&Xmejzifh olwdkYcGifhjyK
onfh twdkif;twmtxd yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&rnf/
tu,fí tpdk;&Xme\aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;onf tuefY
towfESif h jzpfaeygu rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
pDrHcsufa&;qGJ&mwGif¤if;?
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jyefvnfMunfh½I
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txd wuf~uGpGmaqmif&Guf&rnf/
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udk jynfhrDapa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mtpdk;&u qGJxm;
65

onfh pDrHcsufESifhtwl rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;u pDrHcsufwckudk jyifqifxm;&rnf/,if;wGif atmufygwdkYxnfhoGif;&ef vdktyfEdkifonf (1)tpDtpOfqGJjcif;? taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf
jcif;wdkYESifh? today;nSdEIdif;jcif;ESifhqkH;jzwf&mwGif yg0if
cGifhjyKjcif;(ICP)? (vdktyfonfhae&mwGif)vGwfvyfpGm
BudKwiftoday;wdkifyifí &,lonfh oabmwlnDrI(FPIC)ponfwdkYtwGuf tpDtpOfcs taumif
txnfazmfaqmifrSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;/ (2)xdcdkufrI

66&SdoGm;onfh Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;\ &ydkifcGifhrsm;
owfrSwf&mwGif tpdk;&u okH;onfhzGifhqdkcsuf/ (3) xdk
zGifhqdkcsufrsm;ESifh ,ckvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsufyg
vdktyfcsufwdkYtMum; uGm[aeygu ,if;uGm[csufudk
jznfhqnf;rnfh enf;vrf;rsm;/ (4) tpdk;&Xme (ESifh)(odkYr[kwf) rdrdwdkYaxmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;ol
rsm;\ b@ma&;qdkif&m? taxmiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufrnfhtydkif;qdkif&mwm0effrsm;/

rdwfquf
1/ vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 8 onfvuf&SdrsdK;quf
ESifhtem*wfrsdK;qufwdkYtwGuf ,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpf
onf ta&;ygvSaMumif;vufcHowfrSwfonf/ urÇmh
,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfESifh
obm0tarGtESpfrsm;
umuG,fa&;qdkif&m EdkifiHwum oabmwlnDcsuf(Convention Concerning the Protection of
the World Cultural and Natural Heritage)

ESifhtnDa&;qGJxm;onfh ,ckvkyfaqmifrI pHowfcsuf
onf rdrdwdkYxHrS axmufyHh0efaqmifrI&,lxm;olrsm;
taejzifh olwkdY\ pDrHudef;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGif;,Ofaus;rItarGrsm;udk
umuG,fapmifha&Smufrnfh
taMumif;tmrcHap&ef&nf&,
G o
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tarGupkd rD u
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onfh ,ckvkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf\ vdktyfcsuf
rsm;onf ZD0rsdK;uGJrsm;qdkif&m EdkifiHwumoabmwlnD
csuf (Convention on Biological Diversity)
wGiyf g0ifonfph o
H wfrw
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f ydik ;ftajccHía&;om;xm;onf/&nfrSef;csufrsm;• pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;aMumifh ,Ofaus;rItarG tESpf
tay: rxdcdkufapa&; umuG,f&ef? xdef;odrf;apmifh
a&Smufa&;tm;ay;&eff/• ,Ofaus;rItarGudk tokH;jyKjcif;rS &&Sdvmaom
tusdK;pD;yGm;rsm;udk rQwpGma0rQa&; jr§ifhwif&ef
tokH;jyK&m e,fy,f2/ ,ck vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuftm; tokH;jyK
rnfhtwdkif;twmudk obm0ywf0eff;usifESifh &yf&Gm
vlxk vlrIb0tay: oufa&mufvmrnfh tEÅ&m,fESifh

qdk;usdK;rsm;udk od&Sdatmif vkyfaqmifonfh vkyfief;pOf
twGif;owfrSwf&rnf/ vkyfief;rsm;taumiftxnf
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pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh rdrdwdkYxHrS
axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &,lxm;olrsm;\ obm0
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tarGtESpfrsm;udk xdcdkufoufa&mufrI &SdoGm;Edkifonf
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ESifh qDavsmfap&ef ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfqdkonfudk
atmufygtwdkif;nTef;qdkowfrSwfonf -(1) txnf
udk,fj'yf&Sdonfh zGJYpnf;rIjzifh&Sdaeonfh ,Ofaus;rItarG
tESpfrsm; - Oyrmqdk&aomf a&S;a[mif;okawoeqdkif&m(ordkif;rwifrD)? ausmufjzpf½kyf~uGif;aA'qdkif&m?
ordkif;qdkif&m? ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m? tEkynmqdkif&m?
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qdkif&m jy,k*ftjzpf&Sdaeonfh xl;jcm;onfh obm0t
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tkyf? ausmufwkH;? a&uef? a&wHcGefponfwdkYjzpfonf/(3) pD;yGm;a&;&nfrSef;csufrsm;jzifh tokH;csrnfh txnf
udk,fj'yfr&Sdaom,Ofaus;rIrsm; - Oyrmrsm;rSm
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pGJNrJpGm&Sdaeonfh ,Ofaus;rItpOftvmt& odvmMu
67

aomtodynmA[kokw? wDxGifrIESifhvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;
rsm;ponfwdkYjzpfonf/
4/ txnfudk,fj'yf&Sdonfh zGJUpnf;rIjzifhwnf&Sdaeonfh,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;ESifh oufqdkifonfh vdktyf
csufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí pmydk'f 6 rS 16 wdkYwGif azmfjy
xm;onf/ txnfudk,fj'yfr&Sdonfh ,Ofaus;rIrsm;
ESifhoufqdkifonfh pmydk'f 3 (3) wGif azmfjyxm;aom
vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; pmydk'f 16 wGifMunfYyg/
5/ Oya't& ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfwdkYtm; tumtuG,fay;xm;onfjzpfap? ray;xm;onfjzpfap(odkYr[kwf) ,if;wdkYudkt&ifuwnf;u zsufqD;xm;
NyD;jzpfrjzpfponfwdkYudk trIrxm;yJ ,Ofaus;rItarG
tESpfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí ,ckvkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwf
csufudk vkdufemvkyfaqmif&rnf/ Xmaewdkif;&if;om;
rsm;\ ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; ,ck
vkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfudktokH;rjyK&yg/ ,if;ESifh
ywfoufvsSif vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 7 yg
vkdtyfcsufrsm;twdkif; aqmif&Guf&rnf/
vdktyfcsufrsm;
pDrHudef;ykHpHa&;qGJjcif;? taumiftxnfazmf
aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYwGif ,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpfudk
umuG,fjcif;
6/ urÇmh,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpfESifhobm0tarGtESpf
rsm; umuG,fa&;qdkif&m EdkifiHwumoabmwlnDcsuf(Convention Concerning the Protection of
the World Cultural and Natural Heritage)

t&oufqikd &f mtdr&f iS Ef ikd if w
H iG jf yXmef;xm;onfOh ya'
rsm;tygt0if ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpf tumtuG,fay;a&;ESifh qufpyfonfhOya'udk vdkufemaqmif&Guf&rnfhtjyif rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;
olrsm;taejzifh ,if;,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpfwdkYudk
tumtuG,fay;a&;twGuf EdkifiHwumu tod
trSwfjyKvufcHxm;onfh
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udk
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wdkYdudk taotcsmvkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh ,Ofaus;rI
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7/ tEÅ&m,fESifh oufa&mufrIrsm; od&SdowfrSwfonfh
68

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tay: oufa&mufvmEdkifaom t&dyftajc&Sdygu
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aqmifaom (tu,fí aemufydkif;wGif ,Ofaus;rI
tarGtESpfwckckazmfxkwfawGU&SdNyDqdkygu tokH;jyK&ef
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rsm; pDrHcefYcJGa&;2twGuf rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrI&,lxm;olrsm;uyHyh ;kd ay;aomvkyif ef;rsm;udak qmif&u
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Chance Find Procedureqdo
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1

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aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;
9/ pDrHudef;u ,Ofaus;rItarG wckckudk xdcdkuf
oufa&mufEdkifrnfh tajctaewGif rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh xdk,Ofaus;rI
tarGtm; ,Ofaus;rIwefzdk;tjzpf a&&SnfowfrSwf
tokH;jyKaeonfh? vlYb0oufwrf;twGif; twdwf
umvu xdkodkYowfrSwftokH;jyKxm;onfudk odxm;
onfh oufqdkif&m (xdkEdkifiHtwGif; aexdkifvsuf&Sdaom) xdcdkufoufa&mufcH&aom vlrItodkif;t0dkif;
rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyif&rnf/ rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;onf ta&;BuD;onfh,Ofaus;rItarGrsm;udkod&SdowfrSwf&eftwGufjzpf
ap? xdk,Ofaus;rItarGrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; qkH;jzwf
csufcs&mwGif oufqdkif&mxdcdkufoGm;rnfh vlrItodkif;
t0dkif;\tjrifrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;Edkif&eftwGuf
jzpfapxdkxdcdkufoGm;rnfhvlrItodkif;t0dkif;ESifhaqG;aEG;
wdkifyif&rnf/ ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;vkyfaqmif&efwm0ef&Sdonfh oufqdkif&mEdkifiHhtqifh (odkYr[kwf) a'otqifh pnf;urf;
xdef;odrf;a&;qdkifXmersm;jzifhvnf; wdkifyifaqG;aEG;
aqmif&Guf&rnf/
vlrItodkif;t0dkif;u vufvSrf;rDEdkifjcif;
10/ vlrItodkif;t0dkif;wcku ,Ofaus;rIwefzdk;tjzpf
a&&SnfowfrSwftokH;jyKaeonfh? vlYb0oufwrf;
twGif; twdwfumvu xdkodkYowfrSwftokH;jyKxm;
onfudk odxm;onfhoufqdkif&m ,Ofaus;rItarGwckco
k nf rdrwd \Ykd axmufyrhH u
I kd &,lxm;ol\ pDru
H ed ;fe,fajrwGifyg0ifoGm;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) pDrHudef;onf
xdkolwdkY ,if;,Ofaus;rItarGtm; vufvSrf;rDoGm;
a&mufEdkifcGifhudk ydwfyifvdkufjcif; ponfwdkY jzpfaeygu
rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk&,lxm;olrsm;tae
jzifh pmydk'f (9) t& aqG;aEG;wdkifyifrIrsm;ESifhtnD xdk
vlrItodkif;t0dkif;udk ,if;,Ofaus;rIae&mrsm;tm;
oGm;a&mufcGifhjyK&rnf (odkYr[kwf) xdkae&modkY
oGm;a&mufEdkifa&;twGuf tpm;xdk;vrf;aMumif;udk
azmfxkwfay;&rnf/
xdkodkYvkyfaqmif&mwGifvnf;
oufqikd &f mvlrt
I odik ;f t0dik ;f \use;f rma&;? ab;uif;a&;? vkHjcKHa&;wdkYudk txl;xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf/
ykHwljyKvkyfEdkifonfh ,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpfudk
z,f&Sm;jcif;
11/ ykHwlyGm;í&EdkifNyD;3 ta&;vnf;rBuD;aomtxnfudkf,fj'yf&Sd ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfESifh ywfouf
onfh ta&;udkMuKH&vsSifrdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrI
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ta&;rSa&Smif&Sm;EdkifzdkY BudK;yrf;&rnf/ ra&Smif&Sm;Edkif
awmhaomtajctaewGif rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0eff
aqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;u atmufygwdkYyg0ifonfh
xdcdkufrIavsmhusa&;vkyfief;pepfudkvkyfaqmif&rnf/• qd;k usKd ;oufa&mufrrI sm;udak vsmu
h somG ;ap&ef?rl&if;
ae&mwGif jyefvnfxdef;odrf;&ef aqmif&Guf&rnf/
xdkodkY aqmif&Guf&mwGif ,if;,Ofaus;rItarGudk
taxmuftulay;xm;onfha*[pepfvkyfief;pOf
rsm;ud4k xde;f odr;f jcif;(odrYk [kw)f jyefvnf xde;f odr;fjcif;ponfwt
Ykd ygt0if ,if;,Ofaus;rItarGtESpf\ wefzdk;ESifh,if;\ vkyfaqmifEdkifrItwdkif;twm,ciftwdkif;jyefvnf&&Sdap&ef aqmif&Guf&rnf/• ,Ofaus;rItarGudk rl&if;ae&mwGif jyefvnfxdef;
odr;f &efrjzpfEikd of nft
h ajctaewGi,
f if;,Ofaus;
rItarGudk tjcm;ae&mwGif ,cif¤if;\vkyfaqmif
EdkifrItwdkif;twmtwdkif; jyefvnfxdef;odrf;ay;&rnf/• ordkif;0ifaom? a&S;a[mif;okawoeESifhqdkifaom
ypönf;(odkYr[kwf) taqmufttkHwckudk tNyD;wdkif
z,f&Sm;jcif;udk pmydk'f 6 ESifh 7 yg tajccHrlrsm;
t&om aqmif&Guf&rnf/• qdk;usdK;xdcdkufrIrsm; avsSmhcsa&;? ,if;,Ofaus;rI
tarGtESpf\ wefzdk;ESifh,if;\ vkyfaqmifEdkifrIt
wdkif;twm ,ciftwdkif;jyefvnf&&Sdapatmif jyef
vnf xdef;odrf;a&;ponfwdkY rvkyfaqmifEdkifawmh
3

ykHwljyKvkyfEkdifonhf ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfqdkonfrSmwae&mrS tjcm;w
ae&modkYajymif;a&TUEdkifonfh txnfudk,fj'yf&Sd,Ofaus;rItarG(odkYr[kwf)?
,Ofaus;rIwefzdk;udk tjcm;ykHwlyGm;wck (odkYr[kwf) obm0t&m0wåKypönf;
odkY oufqdkif&menf;wckckjzifh a&TUajymif;,lvdkufEdkifonfh ,Ofaus;rI tarG
udkqdkvdkonf/ a&S;a[mif;okawoeqdkif&m (odkYr[kwf)ordkif;qdkif&mae&ma'orsm;qdv
k siS tf jcm;ae&mESit
hf aqmufttko
H Ykd a&TUxm;vdu
k af omfvnf;
olwdkY\ umvoufwrf;qdkif&m? ,Ofaus;rIwefzdk; ponfwdkY raysmufysufoGm;ygu ,if;wdkYudkvnf; ykHwljyKvkyfedkifonhf ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpf[kowfrSwfEdkifonf/4
a*[pepfaxmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh ZD0rsdK;uGJrsm; xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;vkyfieff;pOfrsm; ponfwdkYESifh ywfoufonfh vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf
6 yg vdktyfcsufrsm; ESifh tnDjzpf&rnf/

69

onfhtajctaewGif &SdaeNyD; xdcdkufoufa&mufcH&aom vlrItodkif;t0dkif;uvnf; ,if;,Ofaus;rItarG onf a&&Snf ,Ofaus;rI qdkif&mwefzdk;tjzpf
owfrw
S x
f m;onfqykd gu,if;txnfj'yf&dS ,Ofaus;
rItarGqkH;½IH;oGm;rItwGuf tpm;xdk; ay;avsmf&
rnf/
ykHwljyKvkyfír&Edkifonfh ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfudk
z,f&Sm;jcif;
12/ trsm;pkaom ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfwdkYtwGufolYrl&if;ae&mwGif xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufjcif;jzifhom
taumif;qk;H umuG,af y;jcif;rnfayonf/ tb,fhaMumifqh dkaomf xdkae&mrS z,f&Sm;vdkufjcif;aMumifh,Ofaus;rItarGwGif jyefjyifqifír&Edkifonfh xdcdkuf
csdKU,Gif; rI(odkYr[kwf) ysufpD;rI jzpfoGm;EdkifaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/ atmufygtajctaersm;ESifh rjynfhpkHyJ
rdrdwdkYaxmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh
ykHwljyKvkyfír&Edkifonfh ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpf5udk
z,f&Sm;jcif;rvkyf&yg/• enf;ynmydkif;t&? b@maiGaMu;wwfEdkifrIt&
vkyfEdkifonfh enf;vrf;rsm;xJwGif z,f&Sm;ypfa&;
enf;vrf;rSvGJNyD; rnfonhfenf;vrf;udkrS a&G;cs,f
p&mr&Sdawmhjcif;?
• z,f&Sm;ypf&onfhtwGuf qkH;½IH;&rnfh ,Ofaus;rIweffzdk;ESifh pDrHudef;aMumifh&&Sdvmrnfh tusdK;aus;Zl;
rsm;EIdif;,SOfMunhfygu pDrHudef;bufrS odomxif&Sm;pGmtom&jcif;?
• ,Ofaus;rItarGudk z,f&Sm;&mwGif &Edkifonfh enf;
ynmxJrS taumif;qkH;enf;ynmudktokH;csjcif;/
ta&;BuD;aom ,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpf
13/ta&;BuD;aom,Ofaus;rItarGtESpf[k owfrSwf
Edkif&ef atmufyg t&nftcsif;wck (odkYr[kwf) 2 ck
vkH;ESifhjynfpkHonfh ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfjzpf&efvdktyf
5ykw
H jl yKvyk í
f r&Edik of nfh ,Ofaus;rI tarGtESp[
f q
k &kd mwGif (1) ,Ofaus;rI
tarGonfoufqikd &f m acwfumvtwGi;f u tjcm;,Ofaus;rItarG
rnfonferYJ S rwlonfh (odrYk [kw)f odompGm xl;jcm;onfh ,Ofaus;rItarG(odrYk [kw)f (2) ae&ma'owpfcw
k nf;wGif acwfumvtrsKd ;rsKd ;ü vufccH hJ
Ny;D tjcm;,Ofaus;rItarGrnfonfEiS rYf S rwlonfh (odrYk [kw)f odompGmxl;jcm;onfh ,Ofaus;rItarGuq
kd v
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kd m ,if;wdo
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b0qdik &f m? pD;yGm;a&;qdik &f m? ,Ofaus;rIqikd &f m? obm0ywf0ef;usiaf &;qdik &f m? &moDOwkta&;qdik &f mtajctaersm;? olw\
Ykd a*[pepftay:
ajymif;vJjzpfay:aprIrsm;? ,if;tay:vu
kd af vsmnDaxGa&;twGuf jyKjyif
vdu
k af om olw\
Ydk AsL[mrsm;? obm0ywf0ef;usiq
f ikd &f m pDrcH efcY rJG rI sm;ponf
wdEYk iS hf pyfvsO;f ayonf/70

onf - (1) qdkif&m vlrItodkif;t0kdif;u xdk,Ofaus;rI
tarGtm; ,Ofaus;rIwefzdk;tjzpf a&&SnfowfrSwf
tokH;jyKaeaMumif;? vlYb0oufwrf;twGif; twdwf
umvuxdok o
Ykd wfrw
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f ok;H jyKxm;aMumif;Edik if w
H um
u todtrSwfjyKxm;onfh ,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpf?
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Oya'aMumif;t& tumtuG,fay;xm;onfh ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfae&mrsm;/
14/ ta&;BuD;aom ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;udk
rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrI&,lxm;ol rsm;taejzifh
z,f&Sm;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) odompGm tajymif;tvJ
jzpfapjcif; (odkYr[kwf) xdcdkufcsdKU,Gif;oGm;apjcif;
ponfwdkYudk rjyKvkyfoifhay/ ,if;ta&;BuD;aom,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;tay: oufa&mufrIrsm;&Sdvmrnfudk vkH;0ra&SmifvGJEdkifonfh tajctaeudk
MuKHvm&ygu rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh vkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1
wGifyg0ifonfh oufqdkif&mxdckdufrI&SdoGm;onfh vlrI
todkif;t0dkif;tm; today; aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;ESihfyl;aygif;yg0ifapjcif; (ICP) vkyfieff;pOfudk tokH;jyK&
rnf/ ,if;vkyfieff;pOfudk vkyfaqmif&mwGifvnf;&v'faumif;rGefa&;twGuf ESpfbufu pdwfaumif;
apwemaumif;wdkYjzifh nd§EIdif;aqG;aEG;Mu&ayrnf/
ta&;BuD;onfh ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfqdkif&m qef;ppf
jcif;ESifh umuG,fay;jcif;wdkYtwGuf rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh
0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm;taejzifh jyifyuRrf;usif
ynm&Sifrsm;udk ac:,l tokH;jyK&rnf/
15/ ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;tm; tumtuG,fay;jcif;ESifh xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smufjcif;wdkYtwGuf ,Ofaus;rItarG&Sd&m ae&ma'orsm;6udk Oya't& tum
tuG,fay;jcif;onf ta&;ygonf/ xdkae&mrsm;ESifh
ywfoufonfh pDrHudef;rsm;qdkvsSif oufqdkif&m EdkifiHh
Oya' rsm; ESifh tnDaqmif&GufzdkYvdkonfhtjyif tjcm;
xyfxdk;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;vnf;vdktyfonf/ tu,fí vkyfrnfhpDrHudef;onf Oya't&tumtuG,fay;xm;onfhae&ma'otwGif;jzpfap? Mum;cHe,fajr
tjzpf Oya'aMumif;t&owfrw
S x
f m;aom ae&ma'o
jzpfapponfhae&mrsm;twGif;wGif jzpfaeygu rdrdwdkY\
6

Oyrmtm;jzifh urÇm,h Ofaus;rItarGtESpaf e&mrsm;? Edik if t
H pd;k &rS tum
tuG,af y;xm;aomae&mrsm; yg0ifonf/

axmufyHh0efaqmifrIrsm;udk&,lxm;olrsm; taejzifh
txufyg pmydk'f 14 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh ta&;BuD;
onhf ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfqdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;udk
vkyfaqmifzdkYvdkonfhtjyif atmufygvkdtyfcsufrsm;
udkvnf; jynfhrDatmif aqmif&Guf&rnf/• owfrSwfxm;aom EdkifiH tqifhqdkif&m (odkYr[kwf)a'otqifhqdkif&m ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfpnf;rsOf;
rsm;? (odkYr[kwf) tumtuG,fay;xm;onfh
ae&ma'opDrHcefYcGJa&; tpDtpOfrsm;ESifhtnD vkyf
aqmif&ef?
• tqdkygae&ma'otm; tumtuG,fay;xm;jcif;
udk uruxjyKolrsm;? tumtuG,fay;a&; vkyf
aqmifaeonhf refae*smrsm;? a'ocH&yf&Gmvlxk?
tqdkNyKpDrHudef;ESifh t"du qufpyfywfoufae
onfhtjcm;yk*¾dKvfrsm;polwdkYESifhaqG;aEG;wdkifyif&ef?
• tumtuG,fay;xm;onfh ae&ma'otm; xdef;
odrf;apmifha&Smufxm;jcif;udk tm;ay;a&;twGuf
vkyfaqmifrnfh xyfwdk;tpDtpOfrsm;udk (oifYwifY
avsmufywfovdk) taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&ef/

jcif;ESifh ,if;vkyfieff;pOfudkvkyfaqmif&mwGifvnf;&v'faumif;rGefa&;twGuf ESpfbufu pdwfaumif;
apwemaumif;wdkYjzifh nd§EIdif;aqG;aEG;Mujcif;/ (2)a'ocH&yf&Gmvlxk\ todynmA[kokw? wDxGifrI(odkYr[kwf) vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;ponfwdkY tygt0if,Ofaus;rItarGudktokH;csí &vmaomtusdK;pD;yGm;
rsm;udkolwdkY\½dk;&m"avhxkH;wrf;wdkYESifh tnDoifhwifh
rQwpGm tnDtrSsa0rsSa&;twGuf vkyfaqmifjcif;/,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfudk pDrHudef;u tokH;NyKjcif;
16/ a'ocH&yf&Gmvlxk\ todynmA[kokw?
wDxGifrI (odkYr[kwf) vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; ponfwdkY
tygt0if ,Ofaus;rItarG wpkHwckudk pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m&nf&G,fcsufjzifh7tokH;jyK&efvdkvm;onfhtcg rdrdwdkY\ axmufyHh0efaqmifrI&,lxm;olrsm; taejzifh
oufqdkif&m &yf&Gmvlxktodkif;t0kdif;odkY atmufygwdkY
udk taMumif;Mum; odaptyfonf - (1) EdkifiHOya'
wGif azmfjyxm;onfh olwdkY\ tcGifhta&;rsm;? (2),if;,Ofaus;rItarG wdkYudkrlwnfNyD; vkyfaqmifrnfh
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;\ oabmobm0ESifh twdkif;twm?
(3) xdkpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;aMumifh jzpfvmEdkifonfh
aemufqufwGJudpörsm;ponfwdkYudk today;&rnf/
rdrw
d \Ykd axmufy0hH efaqmifr&I ,lxm;olrsm;u atmufyg
tajctaersm;ESifh rjynfhpkHyJ xdkpD;yGm;a&; vkyfieff;rsm;
udk rpwif&yg - (1) vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1
wGifazmfjyxm;onfh oufqdkif&mxdckdufrI&SdoGm;onfh
vlrItodkif;t0dkif;tm; today;aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;
ESihfyl;aygif;yg0ifapjcif; (ICP) vkyfieff;pOfudk tokH;jyK
7
Oyrmay;&vsiS f (,ck Oyrmcsn;f om[k rqdv
k ykd g) ½d;k &maq;ukoa&; tod
ynmudpk ;D yGm;jzpfvyk u
f ikd &f mwGif tok;H jyKjcif;? (odrYk [kw)f opf? avsmS rf siS ?fowåKwEYkd iS hf ywfoufí tacsmudik x
f w
k v
f yk af &;wGif tjcm;txGwt
f jrwfxm;&m (odrYk [kw)f ½d;k &menf;ynmwdu
Yk kd pD;yGm;jzpftok;H jyKjcif;/

71

wfqu

rSwfcsuf - trSwftom; * \ aemufwGifygaom
eHywfrsm;onf vkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf eHywfESifh
pmydk'feHywfudkqdkvdkonf/ Oyrm - * 7? 16 qdkonfrSm
vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 7 pmykd'f 16udkqdkvdkonf/
vkyfaqmifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 7 rS atmufajcrSwfpk 2
qdkvsSif * 7? atmufajcrSwfpk 2 jzpfvdrfhrnf/

w&m;0ifppfaq;jcif; (* 1? 23)?

A
Accommodation services-aexdkifp&m0efaqmif
rIrsm; (* 2? 12)

tajccH0efaqmifrIrsm; (*2? 12)

Action Plans - vkyfieff;pDrHcsufrsm; (* 1? 16)
Adequate Housing - jynfhpkHvkHavmufatmif
aexdkifEdkifonfh tdrf&m (* 5? 3)

Basic Services Requirements - vdktyfaom
Biodiversity - ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJ (*6? 1) (*6? 7) (*6?

15)

Biodiversity Action Plan - ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJrsm;

xdef;odrf;Ncif;ESifY rlv&Sd&if;taNctaeodkY Nyefvnf
a&muf&Sda&;vkyfief;pDrHcsuf (* 6? 18)

Affected Communities - xdcdkufoufa&mufcH&aom &yf&Gmvlxk? xdcdkufoufa&mufcH&aom
vlrItodkif;t0dkif; (* 1? 1)

Biodiversity Offsets -xdcdkufqHk;&HI;oGm;aom
ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJtpm; tavsmfNyeffay;qyfjcif; (*6? 10)(*6? 15)

Affected Communities of Indigenous
Peoples - xdcdkufoufa&mufcH&aom a'ocHXmae
wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;rsm; (* 7? 9)

Biodiversity Protection and Conservation -Alien Species - oufqdkif&mobm0ywf0ef;usif
wGif ,cifur&Sdonfh jyifyrSrsdK;pdwfrsm; (* 6? 6)? (* 6?
21) ? (* 6? 22-23)
Ambient Conditions - teD;0ef;usif&Sd obm0
ywf0ef;usiftajctaersm; (* 3? 4) (*3?11)

Biodiversity Value - ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uJGwefzdk; (*6?
12) (*6? 16)

Animal Husbandry - wd&dpämefarG;jrLa&; (* 6?

5)? (* 6? 26)

Associated Facilities - pDrHudef;taqmuftODr[kwfyJxyfyGm;NyD;jzpfvmonfhqufpyftaqmuftOD
rsm;? 0efaqmifrIrsm;? toHk;taqmifypönf;rsm;(*1? 8)
Audits - vkyfieff;ESifY b@ma&;qdkif&m rSwfwrf;udk
72

B
Baseline Data - tajccH tcsuftvuf (* 1? 7)?
(* 5? 12)

ZD0rsKd;pkHrsdK;uGJ umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh xdef;odrf;
jcif; (*6? 10)

Bonded Labor - ta~uG;jyefausatmif tvkyf
vkyfay;&olrsm;? (*2? 22)C
Census - ppfwrf; (*5? 12)
Chemical Pesticides - "mwkydk;owfaq;rsm; (*3?

15)

Child Labor - uav;tvkyform; (*2? 21)

Cleaner Production - ydkíoefY&Sif;onfh xkwfvkyf
a&; (*3? 6)

Contracted Workers - rdrdwdkUESifh vkyfief;pmcsKyf

csKyfqkdxm;onfhuefx½dkufwmrsm;uiSm;&rf;xm;aom
tvkyform;rsm; (*2? 6) 17/6

Clients - rdrdwdkY\axmufyHh0efaqmifrIudk &,lxm;olrsm; (*1? 2)Contractors - uefx½dkufwmrsm;(*1? 14)(*3? 12)

Climate Change - &moDOwkajymif;vJrI (*4? 1)(*4? 8)

Convention on Biological Diversity - ZD0rsdK;
uGJqdkif&m EdkifiHwumoabmwlpmcsKyf/(*6? 1) (*8? 1)

Collective Bargaining -pkaygif;awmif;qdkrI (*2?
10) (*2? 18)

Convention Concerning the Protection of
the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

Collective Dismissals -vltrsm;tjym;tm;
tvkyf xkwfypf&rI/ (*2? 18-19)
Communicable Diseases - ul;pufa&m*grsm;(*4? 9-10)
Community Development Plan - &yf&Gmvlxk
zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufa&; tpDtpOf (*7? 9)
Community Engagement - &yf&GmvlxkESifh
qufpyfn§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif; (*5? 10)
Community Health and Safety- &yf&Gmvlxk
usef;rma&;ESifh ab;uif;a&; (*4? 5) (*4? 8)Compensation for Employment (Workers)- tvkyform;rsm;tm; avsmfaMu;ay;jcif; (*2? 9)(*2? 15)
Compensation, land acquisition andInvoluntary Resettlement - avsmfaMu;ay;

jcif;? ajr,m&,ljcif;ESifh qE´rygaom ae&ma&TUajymif;&rI/ (*5? &nfrSef;csufrsm;) (*5? 9)Completion Audit - jyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif;

pDrHudef;ESifh (odkU) rlv0ifaiG toufarG;0rf;ausmif;
jyefvnf&&Sdapa&; pDrHudef;rsm; taumiftxnfazmf
NyD;pD;rIudk prf;ppfjcif;/ vkyfieff;NyD;pD;rI vkyfief;ppf(*5?
15)
Consultation - aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif; (*1? 30)- urÇmh,Ofaus;rIESifh obm0tarGtESpf umuG,fa&;
qdkif&m EdkifiHwumoabmwlpmcsKyf (*8? 1) (*8? 6)Core Business Processes - t"du ta&;ygaom
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm; (*2? atmufajcrSwfpk 3)

Corrective Action - jyefvnfjyifqifvkyfaqmifrI (*1? 23)

Credible Standards - vufcHtodtrSwfjyKxm;
onfh pHrsm; (*1? 6) (*6? 26-29)
Critical Habitat - tyifESifhowå0grsm; rSDcdk&mae&m

rsm;xJü ta&;MuD;tjzpf owfrSwfxm;onfh ae&m(*6? 16-19)

Cultural Heritage - ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpf (*8?
8) (*8? atmufajcrSwfpk 1)
Cumulative Impacts - pkaygif;pyfqufoufa&muf
rI? qufpyfoufa&mufrI (*1? 8) (*1? atmufajcrSwfpk

16) (*3? 11)

D
Direct Workers - wdkuf½dkufcefYtyfxm;aom
tvkyform;rsm; (*2? 4-5)
Disadvantaged or Vulnerable Groups - zGHUNzdK;
rIvkyfief;pOfrsm;rSjzpfay:aom qkd;usdK;oufa&mufrI
rsm;aMumifh ,if;wkdU\tusdK;pD;yGm;udk xdckdufvG,fap
onfh (odkYr[kwf)tm;enf;xdcdkufvG,faom tum
tuG,frJhtkyfpkrsm;/ (*1? 12) (*4? 1) (*5? 8) (*5?
19)
73Disease - a&m*g (*2? 23) (*4? 10)
Displaced Persons -ae&majymif;a&TUcH&olrsm;(*5? 9) (*5? 17)

Social-Impactywf0ef;usifESifh
vlrIb0xdckdufrI qef;ppfjcif; (ESIA) (*1? 7)

Displacement - ae&majymif;a&TUcH&rI (*5? 17-

18)

Environmental and Social Impacts - ywf0ef;
usifESifh vlrIa&;qkdif&m oufa&mufrIrsm; (EIA
article 1,2,3) (*1? atmufajcrSwfpk 3)

Due Diligence, Human Rights - wifBudKíowdxm;vkyfaqmifjcif;? vlUtcGifhta&;rsm; (*1? 4)(*1? atmufajcrSwfpk12)

Environmental and Social Management
System (ESMS) - obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrI
a&;qdkif&m pDrHcefYcGJrIpepf (ESMS) 5^1, 7^5,

E
Economic Development, Economic Growth- pD;yGm;a&; zGHYNzdK;rI? pD;yGm;a&; wdk;wufrI (*2? 1)
Economic Displacement - pD;yGm;a&; tajc
taet&a&TUajymif;&jcif; (*5? 28)
Ecosystems - a*[pepfrsm; (*6? 1) (*6? 16)
Ecosystem Services - a*[pepf axmufyHh0ef
aqmifrIrsm; (*6? 1-2)
EHS Guidelines - urÇmhbPftkyfpk\ obm0
ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m usef;rma&;ESifY? ab;uif;vkHNcKH
a&;qdkif&m vrf;nTefcsufrsm; (*1? 20-21) (*4? 11)
Emergency Preparedness and Response ta&;ay:tajctaetwGuf jyifqifjcif;ESifh jzpfvmyg
u wkefYjyefaqmif&Gufjcif; (*1? 20-21)
Endangered Species - rsdK;wkef;aysmufuG,frnfudk
pdk;&drfae&onfh ZD0rsdK;uGJrsm; (*6? 16-17)
Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines(EHS Guidelines) - urÇmhbPftkyfpk\ obm0

ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m usef;rma&;ESifh ab;uif;vkHNcKHa&;
qdkif&m vrf;nTefcsufrsm; (EHS Guidelines) (*1?
4-7) (*4? 5)
Environmental and Social Action Plan (ESAP)- ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&mvkyfief;pDrHcsuf(ESAP) (*1? 16)
74

Environmental
andAssessment (ESIA)

12^24

Environmental and Social Risk - ywf0ef;usif
ESifhvlrIa&;qkdif&musa&mufvmEdkifonfh tEÅ&m,frsm;(*1? atmufajcrSwfpk 2)
Equal Opportunity - nDrsSaom tcGifhtvrf;(*2? 12)Equipment, Design and Safety - ud&d,mypönf;? ykHpHxkwfjcif;ESifh ab;uif;vkHNcKHa&; (*4? 6)
Expropriation - (tmPmydkifwdkYu) v,f,majr?
ypönf;ponfwdkYudk odrf;,ljcif; (*5? 1) (*5? 5) (*5?

12)

External Communications - jyifyqufqHa&;(*1? 26) (*1? 34)
F
Financial Feasibility - b@ma&;t& jzpfEdkif
onfhtajctae (*1? atmufajcrSwfpk 21)
Forced Evictions - twif;tMuyfzdtm;ay;í
z,f&Sm;jcif; (*5? 22) (*5? 24) (*5? atmufajc

rSwfpk23)

Forced labor - t"r®tvkyfapcdkif;jcif; (*2? 22)
Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)- vGwfvyfpGm BudKwiftoday;wdkifyifí &,lonfh
oabmwlnDrI (FPIC) (*7? 11-14)

G
Good Faith Negotiation - pdwf&if;apwemtrSef
jzifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif; (*7? 12) (*7? 14) (*7? 16)
Good International Industry Practice(GIIP) - aumif;rGefaom EdkifiHwumvkyfief;cGif
qdkif&m vkyfxkHvkyfenf;rsm; (GIIP) (*7? 12)
Greenfield Developments - t&ifurvkyfudkifzl;Muao;onhf vkyfief;e,fy,fwckudk pwifjcif;(*1? atmufajcrSwfpk 11)
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions - zefvkH
tdrftmedoif"mwfaiGY (GHG) xkwfvGTwfjcif;rsm;(*3? 7-8) (*3? atmufajcrSwfpk 6)
Grievance Mechanisms - xdckdufepfemrI wdkif
Mum;Edkifonfh ,EÅ,m;pepfrsm; (*1? 2) (*1? 29) (*1?
35) (*5? 11)

I
Identification of Risks and Impacts inPrimary Supply Chains - tajccHukefrsm;udk

ay;oGif;onfh vkyfief;uGif;qufrsm;wGif jzpfEdkifonfh
tEå&m,frsm;ESifh oufa&mufrIrsm;udk od&SdowfrSwf
jcif; (*1? 10) (*2? 27) (*6? 30)
IFC Sustainability Framework - tjynfjynf

qdkif&mb@ma&;aumfydka&;&Sif;\ a&&Snf zGHUNzdK;wkd;
wufa&;rlabmif (tusOf;csKyf? 1)

Indentured Labor - pmcsKyf (odkU) taMuG;jzifh
csnfaESmifí t"r®tvkyfapckdif;cH&ol (*2? 22)
Indigenous Peoples - Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;(*7? 4-6)
Indigenous Peoples Plan - Xmaewdkif;&if;om;
rsm;qdkif&mtpDtpOf(*1? atmufajcrSwfpk 26)(*7? 9)

HHabitat - tyifESifhowå0grsm;\ rSDcdk&mae&mrsm;(*6? 9) (*6? 11-12) (*6? 16-19)

Informed Consultation and Participation(ICP) - today;aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;ESifh yl;aygif;
yg0ifapjcif; (ICP) (*1? 31) (*8? 14) (*8? 16)

Hazardous Materials - ab;tEå&m,frsm;aomypönf;rsm; (*3? 13) (*4? 7)

Intangible Cultural Heritage - wkdif;wmxdawGU

Hazardous Wastes - ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aom
pGefYypfypönf;rsm; (*4? 7) (*4? atmufajcrSwfpk 15)
Hazardous Work Activities- ab;tEå&m,frsm;
aom tvkyfrsm; (*2? 21) (*2? atmufajcrSwfpk 12)
High Conservation Value - xdef;odrf;apmifh
a&SmufrIqdkif&m jrifhrm;onfhwefzdk; (*6? atmufajc

rSwfpk 10)

Historical Pollution - twdwfü jzpfyGm;cJhaom
ywf0ef;usif npfnrf;rIrsm; (*3? 10)
Host Communities - a&TUajymif;rnfholrsm;tm;
ae&mcsxm;rnfh ae&mrS &yf&Gmvlxkrsm; (*5? 2) (*5?

atmufajcrSwfpk 3)&efazmfjy&efcufcJaomfvnf;wnf&Sdaeaom,Ofaus;
rItarGtESpfrsm; (*8? 3) (*8? 16)

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - a&m*g

jzpfaponfh ydk;rTm;? wd&dpämefrsm;udk ESdrfESif;a&;twGuf
pepfwus aygif;pyfpDrHcefUcGJrI/ (IPM) (*3? 14)

Integrated Vector Management (IVM) ul;pufa&m*go,faqmifxm;aom ydk;rTm; wd&dpämefrsm;
udk ESdrfESif;a&;twGuf pepfwus aygif;pyfpDrHcefUcGJrI/(IVM) (*3? 14)
International Labour Organization (ILO)- tjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJY (ILO) (*1?
atmufajcrSwfpk 2) (*1? 2)Internationally Recognized Areas - EdkifiH

wumutodtrSwfjyKxm;onfh{&d,m?ae&mrsm;/75

(*6? 20) (*6? atmufajcrSwfpk 2)
International Union for the Conservationof Nature (IUCN) - EdkifiHwumobm0xdef;
odrf;a&; or*¾ (IUCN) (*6? atmufajcrSwfpk 13

ESifh 16)

Minors - t&G,fra&mufao;olrsm; (*2? 21)
Mitigation Hierarchy - (tEÅ&m,frsm;? qdk;usdK;International Waterways - EdkifiHwum
a&vufMum;? wl;ajrmif;ESifhjrpfrsm;/ (*1? 7)rsm;)avsmch s&eftqifv
h u
dk af qmif&u
G cf suf (rmwdum)(*1? &nfrSef;csufrsm;)

Invasive Alien Species - wdkif;jcm;&yfjcm;

Modified Habitats - ajymif;vJxm;NyD;aomtyif
ESifhowå0grsm;rsdK;pdwfrsm; rSDcdk&mae&mrsm; (*6? 11-(odkYr[kwf) rl&if;a'ocHr[kwfonfh tyifrsdK;pdwfESifh
wd&dpämefrsdK;pdwfrsm; (*6? 21-23)

12)Involuntary Resettlement - qE´rygyJ ae&ma&TU
ajymif; &rI (*5? 1)

Monitoring - apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; (*1? 5) (*1?
23) (*5? 10)

LLand Acquisition - ajr,m&,ljcif; (*5? atmuf
ajcrSwfpk 2) (*5? &nfrSef;csufrsm;)

N
National Laws - oufqdkif&mEdkifiHwGif jyXmef;
xm;aom Oya'rsm; (tusOf;csKyfwGifyg0if) (*5? 17)(*5? 27)

Legally Protected Areas - Oya't& tum
tuG,fay;xm;onfh {&d,mrsm; (*6? 20)“Like-for-Like or Better Principle” - ysufpD;

qkH;½IH;rIeJYtnDjzpfonfh(odkYr[kwf) ydkí aumif;rGefonfhay;qyfrIrsdK; (*6? 10) (*6? atmufajcrSwfpk 4)

Livelihood- toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI (*5?
atmufajcrSwfpk 1 ESifh 21) (*5? 9)

Livelihood Restoration Framework- touf

76

M
Migrant Workers - a&TUajymif;tvkyform;rsm;(*2? 15)Natural Areas of Importance - ta&;ygonfh
obm0e,fajrrsm; (*7? atmufajcrSwfpk 9)
Natural Habitats-obm0jzpfaom? ajymif;vJxm;

jcif;r&Sdonfh tyifESifhowå0grsdK;pdwfrsm; rSDcdk&mae&m
rsm;/ (*6? 13-15)

Natural Resources - obm0 t&if;tjrpfrsm;(*4? 8) (*7? atmufajcrSwfpk 9)

arG;0rf;ausmif;tvkyfrsm;jyefvnfwnfaxmifa&;vkyf
aqmifjcif; rlabmif(*5? 16)

Negotiated Settlements - nd§EIdif;NyD;&&Sdxm;onfh
oabmwlcsufrsm; (*5? 1) (*5? 3) (*5? 5)

Livelihood Restoration Plan - toufarG;0rf;
ausmif;vkyfief;rsm; jyefvnfwnfaxmifa&; vkyfief;
tpDtpOf (*5? 15) (*5? atmufajcrSwfpk 18) (*5?
25)
Living Natural Resources - &Sifoefaeonfh
obm0 t&if;tjrpfrsm; (*6? 1) (*6? 26) (*6? 2729)

Non-Discrimination in Employment tvkyfcefYtyf&mwGif cGJjcm;qufqHrIr&Sdjcif; (*2? 1516) (*2? 18)
Nonreplicable Cultural Heritage - ykHwljyKvkyf
í r&Edkifonfh ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpf (*8? atmufajc
rSwfpk 5) (*8? 12)

O
Occupational Health and Safety - vkyfief;cGif
qdkif&m usef;rma&;ESifh ab;uif;vkHNcHKa&; (*2? 23)

Project - pDrHudef; (*1? 4) (*5? 8) (*8? 8)

Opportunistic Settlers - tcGifhta&;vdkcsifí
ajymif;a&TUtajccsvmolrsm; (*5? 12) (*5? 27)

Project Area of Influence - pDrHudef;vTrf;NcKHe,fajr (*1? atmufajcrSwfpk 15 ESifh 16) (*1? 8)

Organizational Capacity and Competency- tzGJYtpnf; pGrf;aqmif&nfESifh t&nftcsif;&SdrI (*1?

R
Relocation - ajymif;a&TU&jcif; (*5? 1) (*5? 20)

17-19)

P
Persistent Organic Pollutants - vlUusef;rma&;

ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usifudk qkd;&Gm;pGm xdckdufapaom
tqdyfoifhaponfh "mwkypönf;rsm;? npfnrf;ypönf;
rsm; (*3? atmufajcrSwfpk 16)

Pesticides - ydk;owfaq;rsm; (*3? 7) (*3? 14-17)
Physical Displacement - aetdrfrsm;ae&majymif;a&TUcH&rI (*5? 19 -24)

Pollution - npfnrf;rI (*3? atmufajcrSwfpk 1)(*4? 8) (*6? 24-25)

Replacement Cost - ajymif;a&TUae&mcsjcif;ESifh

ywfoufí tpm;xdk;ay;avsmfonhfukefuspm;&dwf(*5? &nfrSef;csufrsm;) (*5? 21-22) (*5? 27)

Replicable Cultural Heritage - ykHwljyKvkyfEdkif
onfh ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpf (*8? atmufajcrSwfpk 5)(*8? 11)
Resettlement - ae&majymif;a&TU&rI (*5? 6)
Resettlement Action Plan - ajymif;a&TUae&mcs
xm;a&; vkyfief;tpDtpOf (*5? 9) (*5? 15-16) (*5?

atmufajcrSwfpk 18)

Pollution Prevention - obm0ywf0ef;usif
npfnrf;rI umuG,fjcif; (*3? 10-17) (*3? 25-26)

Resettlement Framework - ajymif;a&TUae&mcs
xm;a&;rlabmif (*5? 16)

Primary Production - tajccHtqifh xkwfvkyf
a&; (*6? atmufajcrSwfpk 1) (*6? 26) (*6? 30)

Resettlement Sites - ajymif;a&TUae&mcsrnfh
ae&mrsm; (*5? 9) (*5? 20)

Primary Suppliers - yifrpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;pOf

Residual Impacts - <uif;usefoufa&mufrIrsm;(*6? 6) (*6? 19)

twGuf t"duvkdtyfaom ukefpnf(odkU) ypönf;rsm;
udk pOfqufrysufay;oGif;aeolrsm; (*1? 14) ((*2? 4)(*2? atmufajcrSwfpk4) (*2? 29) (*6? 30) (*6?
atmufajcrSwfpk 21)

Primary Supply Chains - yifrpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;pOf twGuf t"duvkdtyfaom ukefpnf (odkU) ypönf;
rsm;udkpOfqufrysufay;oGif;onfhvkyfief;uGif;quf(*1? 10) (*2? 27) (*6? 30)
Priority Ecosystem Services - a*[pepfrS&&Sdaom tusdK;&vm'frsm;rS ta&;BuD;qHk;t&mrsm;/

Resource Efficiency - t&if;tjrpfudk xdcdkuf

qkH;½IH;rIrjzpfapyJ tusdK;trsm;qkH;jzpfatmif tokH;cs
jcif; (*3? 6 - 9) (*3? atmufajcrSwfpk 5)

Retrenchment - vkyfom;tiftm;avsmhcsjcif;(*2? 18 - 19)
S
Security Personnel - vkHNcHKa&;0efxrf; (*4? 12

- 14)

77

Security of Tenure -aNymif;a&TYUcsxm;onfh ae&m

TTechnical Feasibility - enf;ynmydik ;f t&vkyaf qmif
Edkifonfh tajctae (*1? atmufajcrSwfpk 20)

Set-Asides - pDrHudef;ae&mtwGif;&Sdí pDrHudef; taumiftxnfazmf&efrymkwaf om?obm0ywf0ef;usif
udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&ef &nf&G,fonfh ajrae&m
rsm;/ pDrHudef;qdkif&m yvyfajrrsm; (*6? 15) (*6?
atmufajcrSwfpk 10)

Terms of Employment - tvkyform; &ydkifcGifh?
tvkyfwm0efESifh pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfcsufrsm; (*2? 10)(*2? atmufajcrSwfpk 5)

rsm;üaNymif;a&TUcH&olrsm;aexdkifrIudkOya'aMumif;t&tmrcHumuG,fay;xm;jcif; (*5? 3)

Severance Payments - tvkyfxkwf? tvkyfem;?

tvkyx
f u
G Nf cif;wdUk twGut
f vkyof rm;udOk ya'aMumif;t& ay;avsmfonfY avsmfaMu;aiGrsm;(*2? 19)

Trafficked Persons -vlukeful;cH&olrsm;(*2? 22)

Significant Conversion or Degradation of
Natural Habitats - obm0ae&mrsm;udk ododom- pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&mvkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;\ e,fpyf
jzwfausmf oufa&mufrIrsm; (*1? 7) (*3? 10)

om tajymif;tvJjzpfoGm;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) t&nft
aoG;edrfhusoGm;jcif; (*6? atmufajcrSwfpk 7)

Stakeholder Engagement - qufpyfywfoufol
rsm;ESifh qufqHaqmif&Gufjcif; (*1? 25) (*1? 27) (*1?
29) (*1? 33) (*5? 10)
Stakeholder Engagement Framework -qufpyfywfoufolrsm;ESifhrlabmif(*1? 28)

qufqHaqmif&Gufjcif;

Stakeholder Engagement Plan - qufpyfywf
oufolrsm;ESifh qufqHaqmif&Gufa&;tpDtpOf (*1?

27) 13/27

Supplemental Resettlement Plan - tydkxyf

aqmif;vkyfaqmifrnfh ajymif;a&TUae&mcsxm;jcif;
tpDtpOf (*5? 31-32)

Supply Chain - xGufukef (odkYr[kwf) 0efaqmifrITransboundary Effects of Business Activities

Transboundary Pollutants - e,fpyfjzwfausmf
oufa&mufrIudk jzpfaponfh npfnrf;ypönf;rsm; (*3?
atmufajcrSwfpk 10)
V
Voluntary Land Transaction - rdrdoabmqE´t& ajr,ma&mif;? 0,fjcif;/ (*5? 6)
Vulnerable Populations - tumtuG,frJhjzpfae
aom? tm;enf;? xdckdufvG,fonfh vlrsm; (*1? 12)(*1? 27) (*4? 1) (*4? 9) (*5? 8) (*7? 1) (*7? 11)W
Waste - pGefYypfypönf; (*3? 12)
Water Consumption -a&tok;H jyKr(I *3?9)(*6? 24)
Women - trsdK;orD;rsm; (*1? 31) (*2? 15) (*2?
23) (*7? 14)
Worker’ Organizations - tvkyform;tzGJYrsm;

wck jzpfay:vma&;twGuf vdktyfonfh vkyfief;uGif;quf (*2? 27 - 29)(*2? 13 - 14)

Supply Chain Workers - xGufukef (odkYr[kwf)Working Conditions and Terms of Employment

0efaqmifrIwck jzpfay:vma&;twGuf vdktyfonfh
vkyfief;uGif;qufwGif vkyfudkifaeaom tvkyform;
rsm; (*2? 4) (*2? 7) (*2? 28)

78

Third Parties - wwd,tpktzGJYrsm;? tjcm;tiftm;
pkrsm; (*1? 9) (*2? 4) (*3? 12) (*3? 24 -26)

- vkyfieff;cGiftajctaersm;ESifh tvkyform;&ydkifcGifh?
tvkyfwm0efESifh pnf;rsOf; owfrSwfcsufrsm; (*2? 10
- 14)

79

IFC
tjynfjynfqdkif&m b@ma&;aumfydka&;&Sif;urÇmhbPftkyfpk
International Finance Corporation
2121 Pennsylvania Ave. NW
Washington, DC 20433
Tel. 1-202-473-1000
www.ifc.org/sustainability,ckpmtkyfwGif yg0ifonfha&;om;csufrsm;tm; rlydkifcGifh&,lNyD;jzpfonf/ IFC(tjynfjynfqdkif&mb@ma&;
aumfydka&;&Sif;)u ,ck pmtkyfyga&;om;xm;csufrsm;tm; ynma&;qdkif&m &nf&G,fcsufjzifh jzefYjzL;jcif;udk
tm;ay;onf/ ,ckpmtkyfyga&;om;csufrsm;udk IFC (tjynfjynfqdkif&m b@ma&;aumfydka&;&Sif;)rS&,lonf[ktodtrSwfjyKNyD; BudKwifcGifhjyKcsufawmif;p&mrvdkyJ vGwfvyfpGmtokH;csEdkifonf/ odkYaomfpD;yGm;
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