Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)■ Contact Information

Annual ReportJapan Atomic Energy Agency 2022

（Business Report FY2021）

Public Relations Department, Japan Atomic Energy Agency©2022 Japan Atomic Energy Agency Published November 2022 Printed in Japan

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National Research and Development Agency

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

CONTENTS

Annual Report 2021

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), a National Research and Development Agency, submits an annual business report to the competent ministers together with financial statements inaccordance with the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies. This reportpresents an abstract of JAEAʼs research and development (R&D) and various other activities.

Policies forOperation

In the light of its corporate social responsibilities as a National Research and Development
Agency, a comprehensive outline is also given of its environmental report publication, theoperation of its information disclosure system, its participation in regional activities, and its
technology transfer activities.
The main part of the report concerns JAEA ʼs operations and the state of its R&D for FY2021

Outcome ofOperation

02

26(April 2021 – March 2022). The report also includes a summary of the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term

Foundation for
Operation

Objectives (April 2015 – March 2022).

Basic Information

10

55

Policies for Operation
Message from the President

P02Management by the President

P04

Purpose and Business

P06

JAEAʼs Position and Role in Japanʼs National Policy

P06

Medium-/Long-Term Objectives and Plan

P08

Foundation for Operation
Fountainhead for Sustainable and Appropriate Service Provision P10

Through this report, we seek to promote your understanding and support of JAEAʼs operations and R&D.
● Reporting period

The reporting period is basically FY2021 (April 2021 – March 2022).
However, the report also includes certain information on the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives (April 2015 –March 2022) and from the period after FY2021.
● Reference Guidelines, etc.

◎ Guidelines on the Annual Report of Incorporated Administrative Institutions(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000572212.pdf◎ ISO 26000: 2010 Guidelines Concerning CSR

https://www.iso.org/standard/42546.html◎ Environmental Reporting Guidelines 2018 version (Ministry of the Environment)
https://www.env.go.jp/content/000042339.pdf◎ GRI Standards

https://www.globalreporting.org/standards● Notation Method

Figures are rounded in principle to the nearest whole number for the unit provided.
The total shown may therefore differ from the sum of the relevant individual items.

R&D Pertaining to the Response to the Accident
at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

P30

Technical Supports for Nuclear Safety Regulationand Safety Research for Their Purposes

P32

R&D for Improving Nuclear Safety and Activities that Contributeto Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Security

P34

Basic and Fundamental Research and Human Resources
Development in the Nuclear Field

P36

R&D on Fast Reactors and Advanced Reactors

P40

R&D Related to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, such as Reprocessing, Fuel
Manufacturing and Treatment and Disposal of Radioactive Waste

P42

Board of Executive Directors

P10

Governance

P12

Net Assets, Sources of Revenue

P13

Measures against Aging of Nuclear Facilities andManagement of Back-End Issues

Activities for Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning
Demonstration

P44

P14

Status of Environmental Impact Reduction Activities

P15

Results of Self-Assessment and Administrative Cost by Segment
in FY2021/Results of Ministerial Evaluation for Past Years

P47

Summary of Financial Statements

P48

Outline of Budget and Settlement

P51

Explanations on Financial Situation and Operation Status

P52

Premise Information for Proper Assessment of Operations/
Information on Operation of Internal Control

P54

Operational and Management Challenges,
Risk Management Status and Countermeasures

P16

Status of Risk Management

P16

Structural Reform of JAEA Operations

P18

Initiatives to Improve Sustainability of Operations

P20

Public Consultation, Public Relations and Information Disclosure P20
Initiatives for Industry-Academia-Government Collaboration P21

Basic Information

Redefining the Organizational Concept andSecuring/Training Human Resources

P22

Basic Information on JAEA

P55

International Cooperation and Contribution

P24

Profile of Organization

P55

Contribution to Regional Development/
About the New Test and Research Reactor at the Monju Site

Location of R&D Sites

P57

P25

Other Information for Publication

P58

JAEA at a Glance

Outcome of Operation
Measures to Be Taken for Attaining Targets Concerning
Business Operations with Placing Top Priority on Safety

P60

P26

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

01

Policies for Operation

Message from the President
Contributing to the welfare andprosperity of human society throughnuclear science and technology

Kodama Toshio, Former President,
the Japan Atomic Energy Agency(Term of Office April 2015 to March 2022)

Review of FY2021

President, the Japan
Atomic Energy Agency

KOGUCHI Masanori

The JAEA is Japanʼs sole comprehensive nuclear research and development institute.

the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power
Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO), conducts research on the enhancement of nuclear
safety, carries out R&D on the nuclear fuel cycle and on radioactive waste treatment anddisposal technology, and engages in basic and fundamental research in the nuclear field.

sodium. At the Fugen site, we made progress in thedismantling of the peripheral facilities of the reactor
and the preparations for the retrieval of spent fuel. We
also proceeded with the plan for the decommissioningof the Tokai Reprocessing Plant, and, as part ofresearch and development (R&D) related to geologicaldisposal technology, completed the backfilling of theunderground facilities of the Mizunami UndergroundResearch Laboratory and undertook local community
consultation on the extension of the Horonobe
Underground Research Laboratory by a depth of 500 m.
In the field of nuclear science research, JAEA
proceeded with studies on the evaluation of propertiesand development of materials with the assistance ofneutrons and synchrotron radiation utilizing its facilities
and equipment including JRR-3 and the Japan Proton
Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC).
For research reactors, activities toward resuming
their operation are in steady progress. In addition,in order to encourage the use of large-scale facilitiesof the kind only available to JAEA and other generalequipment, JAEA started operating a one-stop open
facility platform, and accelerated its initiatives toward
the creation of innovation, including the approvalof a venture company originating from JAEA andthe establishment of the JAEA Innovation Hub, anorganization to promote innovation activities.

Outcome of Operation

Based on its own Medium-/Long-Term Objectives, JAEA works on the response to

In FY2021, the last fiscal year of the 3rd Medium-/LongTerm Objectives period, JAEA proceeded with its
operations, prioritizing safety, including ensuring security
and safety of facilities, while continuing to adopt newworking styles such as telecommuting due to the spread of
the coronavirus since the previous fiscal year and keeping
in mind both “maximization of R&D achievements” and“appropriate, effective, and efficient operations.”
As for the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), we took
action in accordance with the Mid-and-Long-Term
Roadmap towards the Decommissioning of 1F, including
conducting a study to “visualize” high radiation doseareas on 3D maps by applying a radiation determination
system inside the 1F site and making preparations foranalysis of fuel debris.
Regarding advanced reactors, we resumed operationof the gas-cooled High-Temperature Engineering
Test Reactor (HTTR), while in the development of fast
reactors, under the support of the U.S. Department ofEnergy, we concluded a memorandum of understanding
with Japanese and US companies on fast reactor
technologies to bolster Japan-US collaboration toward
carbon neutrality.
In the area of decommissioning, at the Monju site,
we completed the transfer of 146 fuel assemblies fromthe ex-vessel fuel storage tank to a fuel pool as plannedand proceeded with preparations for the transfer ofFoundation for Operation

My name is KOGUCHI Masanori, and I was appointed President of
the Japan Atomic Energy Agency from April 1, 2022.
I have now finalized our FY2021 business report and submitted
it to the competent ministers. I would be glad to see this summary
widely read by Japanese citizens.
I would like all JAEA staff members to renew their understanding
and shared sense of purpose in the work entrusted to us by society
so as to work together in the same direction to produce more resultsthat lead to social implementation and to disseminate those results inan easy-to-understand, precise, and timely manner. By accomplishing
this goal, I would like to lead JAEA to public recognition as anorganization that continues to contribute to society.
I seek your understanding and support for the R&D activities that
JAEA undertakes.

Summary of the Past Seven Years[Management Principles]• Thoroughly ensure safety • R&D ﬁlled with creativity• Efﬁcient work management • Trust of society• Focus on on-site activities[Conduct Standards]

Management Principles: https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/
philosophy.html (in Japanese)

02

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

In addition, we formulated the Medium-/Long-Term
Management Plan for JAEA Facilities, presenting acomprehensive plan to implement, in an integrated
manner, a threefold strategy: selection and consolidationof facilities; measures to ensure the safety of facilities;
and management of back-end issues. Further, in a bid
to enhance its initiatives for social implementation of
R&D achievements, JAEA formulated the Future Vision“JAEA 2050 +,” revised the “Innovation Creation Strategy”
toward the realization of “new-era nuclear scienceand technology (S&T)” that contributes to society bycollaboration and integration with other study fields as
set forth in “JAEA 2050 +,” developed human resources,
and transferred R&D results to industry.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

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Basic Information

JAEA has specified its management principles in a stratified and integrated manner. Based on the
purpose of its establishment and its mission (roles), JAEA has laid down basic policies and conduct
standards and set forth a management philosophy to serve as norms for the conduct of operations by its
management and employees.

Under the National R&D Agency system newly
introduced in April 2015, placing the utmost priority
on safety, JAEA has been working on the maximum
utilization of its R&D results and the achievement of thevarious tasks set forth in the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term
Plan. During that period, in April 2016, part of its R&D on
nuclear fusion and applied quantum beam technology
was transferred to the National Institutes for Quantum
and Radiological Science and Technology, and the fast
breeder reactor Monju entered a decommissioning
phase based on the government policy announcedin December 2016. Amid such major changes in thesituation surrounding JAEA, we advanced our initiatives
toward ensuring safety and establishing an effective andefficient management system.

Policies for Operation

Management by the President
TOPICS
JAEA runs its management cycle ̶ a method for the continuous
improvement by repetition of the Plan, Do, Check, and Act(PDCA) cycle ̶ through board meetings led by the president
and presidential hearing sessions held twice a year. During
the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period, under strong
presidential leadership additionally supported by the insightsof the corporation, JAEA worked to clarify its operations byintroducing the concepts of Mission, Vision, and Strategy (MVS)
and Balanced Score Card (BSC*1) throughout the organizationand sought further to visualize its operations by introducing
individual MVS and BSC criteria for each business division andchecking progress using Key Performance Indicators (KPI*2).

*1 A method to manage operations by specifying targets and performance indicators from the viewpoints of organization and operation processes,
finance and facilities, human resource development, and the customer*2 Quantitative indicator to measure the operational achievement level

Competent ministers

Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, Nuclear Regulation Authority
Setting Medium-/Long-Term Objectives

Evaluation ofoperational results

National Research and Development Agency Council
Japan Atomic Energy Agency Sub-Committee

ReﬂectJapan Atomic Energy Agency
Operational results report

Plan
Formulation of Medium-/Long-Term Plan

Do
Annual plan

Implementation of operations
according to plan

Operational
management cycle
ActionImprovement based onhearing session

Check
Presidential
hearing session

Basic policies of JAEAʼs
Strategy for Innovative
Creation“JAEA Innovation Hub”
(Approx. 70 persons)Management ofinnovative activities

Innovation Planning andPromotion Section

Strengthening of
open innovation initiatives

Open Innovation
Promotion Section

Strengthening ofsocial implementation

Social Implementation
Promotion Section

Strengthening of
R&D capabilities• An organization with high organizational IQ that always ensures safety first, always thinks independently and always continues toimprove its efficiency• An organization that can best utilize limited resources (budget, assets, manpower)

To share a sense of value and uplift the level of job quality

e.g. formulation and implementation of “JAEA 2050 +” strategies and policies
e.g. placing utmost priority on safety, R&D incorporating external needs

To promote job prioritization, job streamlining, introduction of information technology and introductionof all cutting-edge technology
e.g. redistribution of resources, gate control, Kaizen activities

Library, INIS andArchive Section

Establishment of “JAEA Innovation Hub” (Announcement):
https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/p21100103/ (in Japanese)

Establishment of LWR Research Management Office
Sector of Fukushima Research andDevelopment

JAEA held numerous meetings for exchange of
opinion with stakeholders to investigate the issues in
LWR research to be addressed by JAEA in order tocontribute to and support further enhancement of
LWR safety, long-term LWR operation, and nuclear
fuel cycle projects in Japan.
In response to stakeholdersʼ expressed needs, onJanuary 1, 2022, JAEA established a new body, the“LWR Research Management Office”, to promote
LWR research within its organization.
The office provides a one-stop service related to
LWR research at JAEA, investigates the needs ofstakeholders such as industry and relevant authorities,
and coordinates external collaboration.
The office develops LWR research strategies for
JAEA including internal cross-sector collaboration,and provides support for research anddevelopment outputs.

[External Activities]
One-stop service, investigation of
stakeholder needs and matching ofresearch activities

Sector of Nuclear Safety Research andEmergency Preparedness

Sector of Nuclear Science Research

LWR Research Management Office[Strategy Formulation and Internal
Coordination]
Development of short-, mediumand long-term response strategies,
optimization of resource allocation
at JAEA (budget, personnel), andpromotion of R&D activities within
JAEA

Sector of Fast Reactor and Advanced
Reactor Research and Development

Sector of Nuclear Fuel,
Decommissioning and Waste
Management Technology Development

Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning
Demonstration

Sector of Researchand Development

Basic Information

To enhance efforts toward establishment of public acceptanceInstitutional Repository andUtilization Section

Establishment of “LWR Research Management Office”(Announcement):
https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/p22010102/ (in Japanese)To enact management reform with the establishment of clear and straightforward planse.g. targets, policies, KPIs, PDCA cycle, governance, safety management, internal control

04

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Outcome of Operation• An organization that contributes to the development of nuclear science and technology, to the peaceful use of global nuclear energy
and to regional development• An organization that promotes research into improving nuclear safety• An organization that creates innovation through interaction and collaboration with other fields of technology• An organization that contributes to the solution of global climate change, to ensuring energy stability and to the achievement ofSociety 5.0

To lead nuclear research and development with a high organizational IQ

Strategy

In 2019, JAEA announced its future vision to continue
contributing to society as “JAEA 2050 +”, and in2020 it formulated and published a revised versionof its Strategy for Innovative Creation in order tostrengthen its efforts to create innovation.
In order to respond with accelerated efforts to create
innovation, the Intellectual Resources Management
and R&D Collaboration Department was merged with
the Policy Planning, and Administration Departmentʼs
Office of Strategy for Innovation to form a neworganization, the “JAEA Innovation Hub,” effective
October 1, 2021.
To promote collaboration additionally further withexternal parties, external personnel with extensive
experience in activities such as industry-academiagovernment collaboration was invited to serve as the
director and as senior advisors.

Stakeholders (industry, relevant authorities, etc.）

Contribute to the welfare and prosperity of human society through nuclear science and technology
To meet the expectations of Japanese citizens as Japanʼs sole comprehensive nuclear research anddevelopment institute (we shall aim for the following)

VisionEstablishment of JAEA Innovation Hub
on October 1, 2021

on January 1, 2022

MVS of JAEA

Mission

JAEA implemented two major organizational reforms in FY2021 to maximize R&D results as part of its efforts
for effective and efﬁcient management. These were the establishment of the “JAEA Innovation Hub” toaccelerate efforts to create innovation and the “LWR (light water reactor) Research Management Ofﬁce” topromote LWR research.

Foundation for Operation

Management by the President

Efforts for effective and efficient management

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

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Policies for Operation

Purpose and Business

JAEAʼs Position and Role in Japanʼs National Policy
Purpose of the Corporation

Policy framework for JAEA

In accordance with the basic policy stipulated in Article 2 of the Atomic Energy Basic Act, JAEA was established to comprehensively,
systematically, and efficiently conduct basic and applied research on nuclear energy, the development of fast breeder reactors toestablish the nuclear fuel cycle and the associated necessary nuclear fuel materials, and the development of technologies related
to nuclear fuel material reprocessing and high-level radioactive waste disposal; to disseminate the outcomes of the research; andthereby to contribute to the welfare of human society and to raising the standard of living of Japanʼs citizens.

[National
Policy]Atomic Energy Basic Act(Sets the framework for Japanʼs nuclear research and utilization including JAEA)
Atomic Energy Basic Act:
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=330AC1000000186 (in Japanese)

Article 4 of Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research and Development Agency:
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=416AC0000000155 (in Japanese)

In order to achieve its purpose as set out in Article 4 of the Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research andDevelopment Agency, JAEA conducts the operations below (excluding those that fall under operations listed in Article 16, item (i)and (ii), of the Act on the National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology).

Development Agency:
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=416AC0000000155 (in Japanese)(Sets out the purpose and operational scope of JAEA)[JAEAʼs Activities in the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives (Plan)]
I. Measures to be taken for attaining targets concerning business operations with placing top priority on safety
II. Measures to be taken for attaining targets concerning maximizing R&D outcomes and raising quality in other areas
1) R&D pertaining to the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
2) Technical supports for nuclear safety regulation and safety research for their purposes
3) R&D for improving nuclear safety and activities that contribute to nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security
4) Basic and fundamental research and human resources development in the nuclear ﬁeld5) R&D on fast reactors and advanced reactors
6) R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as reprocessing, fuel manufacturing and treatment and disposal of radioactive waste7) Activities for sector of Tsuruga decommissioning demonstration
8) Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government collaboration and secure the trust of society
III. Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to enhancing the efﬁciency of business operations
IV. Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to improving the state of ﬁnances
V. Important matters concerning other business operations

Overview of Medium-/Long-Term Objectives, Medium-/Long-Term Plan, and Annual Plan
Following the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies, JAEAʼs operations are conducted in accordance with
the Medium-/Long-Term Plan formulated based on the Medium-/Long-Term Objectives specified by the competent ministers and anannual plan laid down every fiscal year for achieving the Medium-/Long-Term Plan.
The competent ministers set forth Medium-/Long-Term Objectives for the seven years from FY2015 to FY2021. FY2021 is theseventh and final year of that period. In the Medium-/Long-Term Objectives, JAEAʼs operations include R&D activities 1.-7. in theabove Policy framework for JAEA.
The FY2021 annual plan was formulated with the ultimate aim of achieving the Medium-/Long-Term Objectives. This plan required
the enhancement of initiatives to create innovation in accordance with the revised version, formulated and published in FY2020, of
JAEAʼs Strategy for Innovative Creation. As one of its initiatives to create innovation, JAEA is promoting the strengthening of support
systems for spin-off venture companies following the revision of the Act on Activation of the Creation of Science and Technology
Innovation, which enables JAEA to invest in venture companies launched from within its organization.
Medium-/Long-Term Objectives, Medium-/Long-Term Plan, and Annual Plan:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html (in Japanese)

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Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

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Basic Information

Article 17 of Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research and[Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research and Development Agency]

Outcome of Operation(i) Basic research on nuclear energy(ii) Applied research on nuclear energy(iii) The following operations required to technologically establish the nuclear fuel cycle:
a. Development of fast breeder reactors (excluding where the building of a demonstration reactor is involved) and theassociated necessary researchb. Development of the nuclear fuel materials necessary for the operations shown in a. above and the associatednecessary researchc. Development of technology related to nuclear fuel material reprocessing and the associated necessary researchd. Development of technology related to the processing and disposal of the high-level radioactive waste generated inassociation with the operations shown in c. above and the associated necessary research(iv) Dissemination and promotion of the use of the results of the operations shown in (i) to (iii) above(v) The following operations related to radioactive waste disposal (excluding those that fall under operations of the Nuclear
Waste Management Organization of Japan)
a. Final disposal, by means of burying, of the radioactive waste generated in association with the operations of JAEA andradioactive waste entrusted to JAEA for disposal by external organizations (excluding waste generated by commercial
nuclear power reactors, etc.)
b. Construction, improvement, maintenance and other management of facilities for burial disposal, closure of disposal
facilities after completion of burial disposal, and management of disposal facility sites after closure(vi) Provision of JAEAʼs facilities and equipment for R&D related to science and technology and for activities related to thedevelopment and use of nuclear energy(vii) Development of researchers and technicians related to nuclear energy and improvement of their quality(viii) Collection, arrangement, and provision of information related to nuclear energy(ix) In addition to activities carried out as part of the operations shown in (i) to (iii) above, nuclear energy-related testing,research, investigation, analysis, or assessment where deemed necessary and entrusted to JAEA by the head of a related
administrative organization or local public organization(x) Operations relating to investment and physical and technological support as stipulated in Article 34-6, Paragraph 1, of
the Act on Activation of the Creation of Science and Technology Innovation (Act No.63 of 2008) and that are additionallyspecified by Cabinet Order(xi) Operations incidental to the operations from (i) to (x)(xii) Operations stipulated in Article 5, Paragraph 2, of the Act on the Promotion of Public Utilization of the Specific Advanced
Large Research Facilities (Act No.78 of 1994)(xiii) In addition to the operations from (i) to (xii), within the range that does not interfere with the performance of these tasks,
operations to store and/or dispose of nuclear source materials (referring to nuclear source materials as stipulated in
Article 3, Item (iii), of the Atomic Energy Basic Act), nuclear fuel materials, or nuclear waste entrusted to JAEA by national
government, local public organizations or other persons specified by Cabinet Order.

Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures
Long-Term Strategy under the Paris Agreement
Green Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon
Neutrality in 2050,
etc.

Foundation for Operation

Operations

Sixth Science, Technology, and Innovation Basic Plan
Basic Policy for Nuclear Energy
Basic Policy for Nuclear Research and Development
Strategic Energy Plan

Policies for Operation

Purpose and BusinessMedium-/Long-Term Objectives and Plan
JAEA will achieve the Medium-/Long-Term Objectives speciﬁed by the competent ministers and actively
contribute to the development and use of nuclear energy throughout Japan, improvement of the safety of
nuclear energy in Japan and overseas, and the creation of innovation.

Social Issues

Activities toin JAEAʼs environment

achieve targets

Policies for Operation

Management by
the President

JAEAʼs Position
and Role
in Japanʼs National
PolicyMedium-/Long-Term
Objectives and Plan

P.2-3

P.4-5

P.6-7

P.8-9

Measures to Be Taken for Attaining Targets Concerning
Business Operations with Placing Top Priority on Safety
P.26-29

R&D Pertaining to the Response to the Accident at TEPCOʼs
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
P.30-31

P.10-11

P.12

Net Assets,
Sources of Revenue

P.13

Measures against
Aging of Nuclear
Facilities andManagement of
Back-End Issues
P.14

P.32-33

R&D for Improving Nuclear Safety and Activities thatContribute to Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Security
P.34-35

Basic and Fundamental Research and Human Resources
Development in the Nuclear Field
P.36-39

Decommissioningof nuclear facilities
and management ofradioactive waste

Status ofEnvironmental Impact
Reduction Activities

Operational andManagement
Challenges, Risk
Management Status
and Countermeasures

Public Consultation,
Public Relations andInformation Disclosure

Initiatives for
Industry-AcademiaGovernment
Collaboration

P.15

P.16-19

P.20

P.21

R&D on Fast Reactors and Advanced Reactors
P.40-41

R&D Related to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, such as
Reprocessing, Fuel Manufacturing and Treatment andDisposal of Radioactive Waste
P.42-43

Ensuring nuclear
nonproliferation andnuclear security

Redefining theOrganizational
Concept andSecuring/Training
Human Resources

International
Cooperation andContribution

P.22-23

P.24

Contribution to
Regional
Development
P.25

About theNew Test andResearch Reactor
at the Monju Site
P.25

Development of nuclear
science and technology
systems to address“S+3E*2”
Creation of innovation
through synergies withother areas of Science andTechnology
Contribution to solving
climate change issues
Contribution to ensuring
stable energy supply
Contribution to realizationof ideal future society(Society 5.0)
Contribution toachievement of Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)

Activities for Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning
Demonstration
P.44-45https://www.jaea.go.jp/
JAEA2050/ (in Japanese)

08

Japan Atomic Energy Agency*2 The fundamental energy policy is to achieve Energy
Security, Economic Efficiency and Environmental
Adaptation as premises for Safety.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

09

Basic Information

Cooperation and collaboration also

JAEA 2050 +：with various stakeholders*1 Climate change has received much attention as a social agenda. The “Green Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050” wasformulated in December 2020 to reduce the emission of greenhouse effect gas to zero overall, that is, to realize Carbon Neutrality in 2050.

Outcome of Operation

Governance

Cooperation

Board of
Executive Directors

Technical Supports for Nuclear Safety Regulation and Safety
Research for Their Purposes

Achievement ofMedium-/Long-Term Objectives and Plan

Message fromthe President

Foundation for Operation
Response to
the Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear
Power Station
Accident“JAEA 2050 +”Outcome of Operation

Foundation for Operation

Realization of
Future Vision

Climate change*1,
energy andresource problems

Safe nuclear
energy use

Contribution tosocietyFountainhead for Sustainable and Appropriate Service Provision
Policies for Operation

Board of Executive Directors
The Board of JAEA is composed of the President, the Vice President, six Executive Directors and two
Auditors. The President represents JAEA in all aspects and is responsible for the overall management of
JAEA, while the Vice President assists the President and acts on his/her behalf when deemed necessary or
appropriate. The Executive Directors share the responsibilities of divisional management assigned to themwith their strong and abundant experience and knowledge, and the Auditors audit the overall work of JAEA.
Former Board Directors (as of March 2022)* Retired on March 31, 2022
F Executive●
Director

OIGAWA
Hiroyuki

Director

FUNAKI
Kentaro

H Executive●
Director

HORIUCHI
Yoshinori(as of June 2022)

B Executive●
Vice
President

ITAKURAYasuhiro

C Executive●
Director

10

April 2022 President, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
June 2020 Counselor, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI)
June 2018 Board Member, Executive Vice President, CFO, MHI
April 2018 Board Member, Executive Vice President, CFO, Director of the Office ofStrategic Planning and Promotion, MHI
June 2015 Board Member, Managing Director, CFO, Director of the Office ofStrategic Planning and Promotion, MHI
April 2014 Board Member, Operating Officer of the Office of Strategic Planning andPromotion, MHI
April 1978 Joined MHI

D Executive●
Director

MIURA
Nobuyuki

Career Outline
April 2022 Executive Vice President, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
July 2021 Executive Officer, JAEA
July 2020 Director-General of the Science and Technology Policy Bureau, Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
April 2018 Executive Director of the National Institutes for Quantum Science andTechnology
June 2016 Deputy Director-General, Research Promotion Bureau, MEXT
January 2014 Director of the Promotion Policy Division, Research Promotion Bureau,
MEXT
January 2012 Director of the Life Science Division, Research Promotion Bureau, MEXT
April 2010 Director of the Atomic Energy Division, Research and Development
Bureau, MEXT
April 2007 Director of the Atomic Energy Research and Development Division,
Research and Development Bureau, MEXT
April 1987 Joined Science and Technology Agency

Career Outline
July 2020 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
June 2019 Senior Executive Officer, Deputy Executive General Manager, in charge of
Tsuruga Head Office, Japan Atomic Power Company (JAPC)
June 2016 Senior Executive Officer, Deputy Executive General Manager, in chargeof Tsuruga Head Office and General Manager of Community Relations &Co-operation Dep., JAPC
June 2015 Senior Executive Officer, Acting Executive General Manager, in chargeof Tsuruga Head Office and General Manager of Community Relations &Co-operation Dep., JAPC
June 2014 Executive Officer, Deputy Executive General Manager, in charge of
Tsuruga Head Office and Superintendent of Tsuruga Plant Construction
Arrangements Office, JAPC
June 2012 Senior General Manager, Deputy Executive General Manager, in chargeof Tsuruga Head Office and Superintendent of Tsuruga Plant Construction
Arrangements Office, JAPC
July 2010 Acting General Manager, Decommissioning Project Department, JAPC
July 1997 Manager, Projects Development Department, JAPC
April 1980 Joined JAPCJapan Atomic Energy Agency

E Executive●
Director

OHSHIMA
Hiroyuki

Career Outline
April 2021 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
May 2019 Deputy Senior Director General of Decommissioning and Radioactive
Waste Management Head Office, JAEA
April 2018 Deputy Director General of Sector of Nuclear Fuel, Decommissioning
and Waste Management Technology Development, JAEA
April 2017 Director General of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Sectorof Decommissioning and Radioactive Waste Management, JAEA
April 2015 Director of Tokai Reprocessing Technology Development Center, Nuclear
Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Sector of Decommissioning andRadioactive Waste Management, JAEA
April 2014 Director of Technology Development Department, Tokai Reprocessing
Technology Development Center, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering
Laboratories, Sector of Decommissioning and Radioactive Waste
Management, JAEA
May 2011 Director of Vitrification Technology Development Department, Tokai
Reprocessing Technology Development Center, Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Engineering Laboratories, Tokai Research and Development Center,
JAEA
July 2006 Senior Principal Engineer, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology Development
Directorate, JAEA

Career Outline
April 2021 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
April 2018 Deputy Director General of Oarai Research and Development Instituteand Director General of Fast Reactor Cycle System Research andDevelopment Center, Sector for Fast Reactor and Advanced Research andDevelopment, JAEA
April 2014 Director of Fast Reactor Computational Engineering Department,
Advanced Fast Reactor Cycle System Research and Development Center,
Sector of Fast Reactor Research and Development, JAEA
July 2011 Deputy Director of JSFR Systems Development Planning Office,Advanced Nuclear System Research and Development Directorate, JAEA
July 2010 Senior Principal Researcher, Advanced Nuclear System Research andDevelopment Directorate, JAEA

April 2021 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
July 2019 Chief Nuclear Officer for International and Technology Affairs, DirectorGeneralʼs Secretariat, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy(ANRE), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)
July 2016 Senior Nuclear Safety Specialist, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
August 2014 Managing Director, Nuclear Damage Compensation andDecommissioning Facilitation Corporation
August 2013 Director of R&D Strategy Planning Department, International ResearchInstitute for Nuclear Decommissioning
August 2012 Director of Nuclear Accident Response Office, Nuclear Energy Policy
Planning Division, Electricity and Gas Industry Department, ANRE,
METI
July 2010 Director for Nuclear Energy Policy, General Policy Division, DirectorGeneralʼs Secretariat, ANRE, METI
April 1991 Joined Ministry of International Trade and Industry

Career Outline

Executive
Director

Career Outline

ITO
Yoichi*J Auditor●

Career Outline

April 2019 Executive Vice President, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
July 2017 Senior Deputy Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology (MEXT)
January 2016 Director-General, Science and Technology Policy Bureau, MEXT
August 2015 Assistant Minister for Policy Coordination, MEXT
January 2012 Executive Director, JAEA
July 2010 Deputy Director-General, Lifelong Learning Policy Bureau, MEXT
January 2001 Director, Private School Department, Higher Education Bureau, MEXT
April 1982 Joined Science and Technology Agency

April 2019 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
January 2018 Director, National Space Policy Secretariat, Cabinet Office
April 2016 Director, Department of General Affairs, National Institutes for Quantum
and Radiological Science and Technology
April 2014 Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
August 2012 Deputy Director General, Research Strategy Department, Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency
July 2009 Director for Resource Allocation, Bureau of Science, Technology andInnovation, Cabinet Office
April 1989 Joined Science and Technology Agency

SUDO
Kenji*

April 2022 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
August 2020 Deputy Director-General, Research and Development Bureau, Ministryof Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
July 2019 Deputy Director-General for Science, Technology, and Innovation,
and Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
Project Office, Cabinet Office
July 2018 Director for Economic and Fiscal Management, Office of the Director
General for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, Cabinet Office
July 2017 Director of the Research and Development Policy Division, Researchand Development Bureau, MEXT
August 2015 Director of the Space Development and Utilization Division, Researchand Development Bureau, MEXT
January 2014 Director of the Life Science Division, Research Promotion Bureau,
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
July 2011 Director of the Policy Planning Division, Institute of Physical andChemical Research (RIKEN)
October 2009 Director of the Ocean and Earth Division, Research and Development
Bureau, MEXT
April 1990 Joined Science and Technology Agency

Career Outline

AMANO
Reiko

Executive Vice
President

Career Outline

I Auditor●
TANAKA
Teruhiko(part-time)

April 2015 President, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
February 2015 Board Member, Vice President, Director General of Technology
Management, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI)
June 2013 Board Director, Managing Executive Officer, Director General ofTechnology Management, MHI
April 2009 Executive Officer, Deputy Director General of Technology Headquarters,
MHI
April 1976 Joined MHI

September 2019 Auditor, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
July 2018 Representative, Tanaka Teruhiko Audit Firm
May 2002 Appointed as a representative partner of the Shinwa Audit Corporation
October 1979 Joined Shinwa Audit Corporation (Currently KPMG AZSA LLC.)

September 2019 Auditor, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
October 2014 Deputy Director-General of the Research Center for Reinforcement ofResilient Function, National Research Institute for Earth Science andDisaster Resilience
February 2014 Dedicated Officer of the Intellectual Property and License Department,
Kajima Corporation
April 2011 Director of the Intellectual Property and License Department, Kajima
Corporation
April 2005 Manager, Civil Engineering Technology Department, Civil Engineering
Management Division, Kajima Corporation
March 2004 Visiting Professor, Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo
April 1980 Joined Kajima Corporation

J
●

H
●

G
●

E
●

F
●

D
●

A
●

Basic Information

YOSHIDA
Kunihiro

Career Outline

Career Outline

Career Outline

KODAMA
Toshio*Outcome of Operation

A President●
KOGUCHIMasanori

April 2021 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
April 2019 Deputy Director General of Sector of Nuclear Science Research andDirector General of Nuclear Science Research Institute, JAEA
April 2016 Director of R&D Program Management Department, JAEA
April 2015 Senior Principal Researcher and Director of R&D Program
Management Department, JAEA
April 2014 Deputy Director of Office of Strategic Planning, JAEA
October 2010 Director of Research Co-ordination and Promotion Office, Nuclear
Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA
July 2010 Senior Principal Researcher, Nuclear Science and Engineering
Directorate, JAEA

Foundation for Operation

G Executive●

President

Career Outline

I
●
B
●

C
●

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

11

Fountainhead for Sustainable and Appropriate Service Provision

Net Assets, Sources of Revenue

Competent ministers(according to Article 28 of Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research and Development Agency)
Competent ministers
Nuclear Regulation
Authority

I. Measures to be taken for attaining targets concerning business operations placing top priority on safety

●

●

● *

1. R&D pertaining to the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

●

●

● *

2. Technical supports for nuclear safety regulation and safety research for their purposes●

3. R&D for improving nuclear safety and activities that contribute to nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear
security●

4. Basic and fundamental research and human resources development in the nuclear field●

5. R&D on fast reactors and advanced reactors

●

●

● *

6. R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as reprocessing, fuel manufacturing and treatment anddisposal of radioactive waste

●

●

● *

7. Activities for sector of Tsuruga decommissioning demonstration

●

●

● *

8. Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government collaboration and secure the trust of society●●

III. Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to enhancing the efficiency of business operations●●

IV. Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to improving the state of finances●●

V. Important matters concerning other business operations●●

II. Measures to be taken for attaining targets concerning maximizing R&D outcomes and raising quality inother areas● *● *The figure below shows JAEAʼs governance system. JAEAʼs statement of operation procedures sets out the rules for decision making
led by the President, the internal control promotion system, auditing by auditors, and other relevant systems as a framework toensure the conformity of the execution of duties by the directors and employees of JAEA with relevant laws and regulations such as
the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies and to ensure the appropriateness of JAEAʼs operations.
For the details of the internal control system, please read our statement of operation procedures.
Statement of operation procedures:https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html (in Japanese)

Competent ministers: Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, Nuclear Regulation Authority)
Appointment

External experts included
in members

management

President

AdviceNo external experts included
in members

Auditors

Appointment
Advice, proposals
Management
Advisory Council(Managementin general)

Executive Vice President

Senior Advisors(Safety assurance)

Board of Executive
Directors(Assistance indecision making)Risk Management
Committee

Self-assessment
committee(Risk management)(Operational results)

Implementation of operations based onpolicies set by President

Common Mission Sector
Giving advice, reply
to questions

R&D evaluationcommittee

12Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Decrease in the fiscal year

Ending balance

Government investment

801,5052,260

93803,672

Private investment

16,292−

6

16,286

Total capital stock

817,7972,260

99819,958

The capital stock (government investment) at the end of FY2021 was 803,672 million yen, of which the general account accounted for
280,636 million yen and the power usage account for 523,036 million yen.

Giving advice, reply to questions
Contract
Monitoring
Committee

Oversight
Committee

Agency-Wide Safety
Review and Quality
Assurance Committee(Procurement
procedures)(Conﬂict ofinterest)(Nuclear safety,
quality assurance)

In the burial disposal business account, a gross profit of 1,738 million yen was generated for the fiscal year. In accordance with Article
21, paragraph (4), of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency Act, this must be appropriated as a fund for burial disposal and related
operations in the next and subsequent fiscal years and need not be reported as appropriated retained earnings.
The reversal of reserves carried over from the previous Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period is a reversal of 75 million yen, anamount equivalent to the cost incurred in FY2021 proportional to the accounting profit (general account of 3,442 million yen) that wasrecorded prior to the 2nd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period and carried over to the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period
after obtaining approval from the Competent Ministers.

Sources of Revenue(1) Breakdown of Sources of Revenue

JAEAʼs main income source is funding from the national treasury, namely, government funding for operational grant of 131,903 million
yen and subsidies of 15,069 million yen. In addition, as self-generated income, JAEA acquired competitive funds of 427 million yen bymaking proactive applications and obtained external funds of 11,943 million yen from government-related organizations for entrusted
research and other research activities.

(2) Explanation of Self-Generated Income

JAEA worked to secure self-generated income by identifying research needs at external organizations, then concluding incomegenerating joint research contracts and making proactive applications to competitive research funds.
JAEAʼs main self-generated income is:· Income from entrusted research (11,943 million yen)
· Competitive research funding (427 million yen)
· Income from joint research (162 million yen)
· Income from external use of facilities (473 million yen)

Operational Results Report (Self-assessment report
reﬂecting opinions of R&D evaluation committee, etc.)

Basic Information

Management Sector

Increase in the fiscal year

Outcome of Operation

JAEA's Governance System

Accounting audit

Starting balance(2) Appropriated Retained Earnings, etc.

* (Safety assurance matter)

Appointment

Items

● *

JAEA's Governance System

Selection(¥ million)

Foundation for Operation

Minister of
Economy, Tradeand Industry●

Net Assets(1) Capital Stock

Operations item in the Medium-/Long-Term Plan

Minister of
Education, Culture,
Sports, Science andTechnology

Accounting auditor

Policies for Operation

GovernanceResearch and Development Sectors (Director General: Executive Director)
Sector of Fukushima Researchand Development

Sector of Nuclear Safety Research andEmergency Preparedness

Sector of Nuclear
Science Research

Sector of Fast Reactor andAdvanced Reactor Researchand Development

Sector of Nuclear Fuel,
Decommissioning and Waste
Management Technology Development

Sector of Tsuruga
Decommissioning
Demonstration

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

13

Fountainhead for Sustainable and Appropriate Service Provision

Approach to “Nuclear Legacy” arising from R&D activities

Environmental Management

society and make nuclear science and technology sustainable
well into the future.
Management of radioactive materials: Aiming to promote
more efficient means of radioactive waste treatment anddisposal, we will conduct R&D on the reduction of the volume
and radiotoxicity of radioactive waste through partitioning andtransmutation technology.
Decommissioning evolution: We will optimize theentire process of decommissioning including technology
development, and steadily advance with the safe, speedy, andefficient decommissioning of our various retired facilities usingstate-of-the-art technologies.

JAEA regards consideration for the environment as a high priority in its operations, and has formulated Rules on Environmental
Management. In addition, under the Basic Environmental Policy, we set Environmental Targets and proactively undertake
environment-conscious activities.
Moreover, to systematically promote environment-conscious activities, we have set up an environmental management
framework, which includes an Environmental Committee and a Meeting of Section Heads in Charge of Environmentally
Conscious Activities.
Safety assurance activities page:https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/safety/ (in Japanese)

The chart below shows how we plan and implement our environment-conscious activities in each fiscal year. The activity results
undergo review by the relevant committees, including the Environmental Committee, and are incorporated into the following yearʼs
Basic Environmental Policy and Environmental Targets.
Results of FY2021 Environment-Conscious Activities
Major action

Development of the Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan for JAEA Facilities
2021. Moreover, regarding safety measures for the High
Active Liquid Waste Storage (HAW) and Tokai Vitrification
Facility (TVF) in the Tokai Reprocessing Plant (TRP) against
the new regulatory requirements for earthquake and tsunami,
which is one of measures having the highest priority from theperspective of reducing the risks associated with holding highly
radioactive liquid waste, JAEA completed the application for
approval of changes to the decommissioning plan of TRP in
September 2021 and made steady progress in safety measuresconstruction by strengthening the project management. In
addition, measures for aging and back-end measures were
implemented almost as planned.

The Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan for JAEA Facilities:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/facilities_plan/ (in Japanese)

Implementation of measures
to comply with environmental
laws and regulations (e.g. Act on
Rationalizing Energy Use, Act on
Promotion of Global WarmingCountermeasures)
Preparation and publication ofEnvironmental Report 2021
(in Japanese)

May

2Q
Jun.

Evaluate target achievement inprevious fiscal year and report results toEnvironmental Committee

Jul.

Aug.

Oct.

Promote environment-conscious activities based on
Basic Environmental Policy andEnvironmental Targets

Nov.

4Q
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Evaluate activity results and formulate corresponding plan forfollowing fiscal year, including Basic Environmental Policy andEnvironmental Targets

Prepare periodic and other environment-related reports required by Acts and submit to national authority

Prepare Environmental Report

Training session on
environment-conscious
activities

Publish (end of Sep.)

Organize training session on environment-conscious activities

Every year, JAEA invites an external lecturer to give training and hosts a meeting to encourage an
exchange of views. These training sessions are expected to serve the purpose of promotion andactive implementation of environment-conscious activities at its laboratories and improvement of
the skills of relevant personnel.

Initiatives to Promote Energy-Saving Activities
Selection
and Consolidation

3Q
Sep.

Outcome of Operation

JAEA issued the Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan
for JAEA Facilities on April 1, 2017, in order to maximize theuse of resources and maintain and develop R&D functionsin the future. This comprehensive plan focuses on threeobjectives: selection and consolidation of JAEAʼs nuclear
facilities; measures to maintain the safety of facilities; andmanagement of back-end issues. The Medium-/Long-Term
Management Plan for JAEA Facilities is updated every fiscal
year based on its progress. In fiscal 2021, JAEA completed
the response to the new regulatory requirements for the
HTTR, which was scheduled to be restarted for the HTGR
safety demonstration test, and resumed its operation in July

Formulation of Environmental
Policy and Targets andcompiling of activity results

1Q
Apr.

Foundation for Operation

More than 60 years has passed since the Atomic Energy Basic
Act of Japan came into effect in 1955, accumulating peacefuluse of atomic energy, and various facilities have completed
their mission and are moving to the decommissioning stage.
Efforts to address back-end issues, including treatment anddisposal of radioactive waste produced by nuclear facilities,
have therefore become important.
JAEA has various facilities which have supported R&D on
nuclear science and technology and have completed their
mission, together with various types of radioactive waste
generated from these facilities. It is essential for us to steadily
work on the nuclear legacy, radioactive waste management,
and decommissioning evolution in order to gain the trust of

Status of Environmental Impact Reduction Activities

Policies for Operation

Measures against Aging of Nuclear Facilities andManagement of Back-End Issues

Training Session on EnvironmentConscious Activities

JAEA promotes environment-conscious activities for energy conservation. JAEAʼs research institutes* at six locations are designatedEnergy Management Factories under the Act on Rationalizing Energy Use (hereinafter “Energy Conservation Act”). Accordingly, theseresearch institutes promote energy conservation activities in line with Medium-/Long-Term Plans drawn up based on the Energy
Conservation Law. Other laboratories also engage in energy conservation efforts.

・ Prioritization of facilities
・ Cost reduction* Nuclear Science Research Institute (including J-PARC ), Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Oarai Research and Development Institute, Fugen Decommissioning
Engineering Center, Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Monju, Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center・ Adaptation to new
regulations
・ Earthquake resistancemeasures・ Measures against
aging

Consideration for the Environment
Managementof Back-End Issues
・ Decommissioning
・ Waste treatment anddisposal

In accordance with the Act on Promotion of Contracts of the State and Other Entities, Which Show Consideration for Reduction of
Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, etc., JAEA works continuously for environment-conscious agreements and procurement and onother activities relating to the input materials required for its operations. Additionally, JAEAʼs research institutes and laboratories
proactively implement initiatives to improve and beautify the environment inside and outside their compounds, such as planting trees
and flowers, weeding, and cleaning up.
JAEA implements its operations in an environment-conscious manner with a strong awareness of its corporate social
responsibility.
Information on JAEAʼs environment-conscious activities:

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/environment/ (in Japanese)

14

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

15

Basic Information

Measuresto Maintain Safety

The Medium-/Long-Term Management
Plan of JAEA Facilities

Operational and Management Challenges, Risk Management Status and Countermeasures
Policies for Operation

Status of Risk Management
JAEA implements risk management activities to reduce and prevent potential risks, including compliancerisk and incidents at nuclear power facilities.

Risk Management Activities

Efforts to ensure fair, transparent and efficient procurement
JAEA formulates a Procurement Rationalization Plan*1 for each fiscal year. According to this plan, we implement the PDCA cycle to promoteautonomous and continuous rationalization of procurement and related activities, while ensuring fairness and transparency. We promote
procurement of eco-friendly products*2, such as those designated under the Act on Promoting Green Procurement, in the interest ofenvironmental preservation. We also purchase products preferentially from organizations supporting persons with disabilities*3.
PDCA Cycle in JAEAʼs Contracting Process

Rigorous Review andMonitoring Systems

Compliance Activities

Ac

tion

Procurement
Rationalization Plan
· We formulated the FY2021
Procurement Rationalization Plan
in June 2021 through review andapproval by the Contract Monitoring
Committee*4.

nChCompliance awareness poster(Coordinated activity by National Researchand Development Agency Council)

Organizational Chart of JAEA Risk Management Activity· To ensure fair contracts, we incorporate theresults of follow-up checks and inspections into
the following yearʼs plan and individual contracts.

Plan

Pla

· To promote competitive contracts and selectappropriate companies to invite bids from,potential contracts undergo prior review by theContract Review Committee, whose members
include external experts. This review checks thereasons for using single tendering and whether
competitive bidding is indeed unfeasible.
· The Contract Monitoring Committee, which
comprises the Auditors of JAEA and external
experts, checks the implementation progress of
the Procurement Rationalization Plan and carries
out follow-up inspections of individual contracts.

In FY2021, we introduced a system to manage conflict of interest to prevent any associatedadverse impact and took steps to resolve any potential issues as necessary through selfreporting by officers and employees. Compliance training for new recruits was provided
together with interdepartmental training sessions (6 times, total 652 participants) andtraining by external lecturers (twice, total 463 participants) as part of activities to confirm
and consolidate compliance awareness.
We also worked to raise compliance awareness among officers and employees throughother activities, such as participating in the National Research and Development Agency
Councilʼs compliance expert committee and the compliance promotion month organizedby the committee.

Incorporation of Inspection
Results into Following Yearʼs Plan

Foundation for Operation

Check

Actioneck

In FY2021, our risk management activities were carried out with reflection on the accidents and issues that had occurred during
the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period, and with an awareness that the restart of the test and research reactor had further
emphasized the need to ensure the safety of facilities. We used a PDCA cycle to identify and analyze operational risks and tookcorresponding measures to reduce them. We especially worked to strengthen governance at partner companies.
In addition, to ensure the effectiveness of the risk management activities, we carried out an exhaustive internal audit of all
operations, the results of which were reported to the President and the Risk Management Committee to be reflected in operational
activities so as to further improve the risk management system.

Do

Do
Implementation of Efﬁcient Procurement

President Supervision of risk management
P: Formulation of Risk Management
Promotion Policies

Risk Management Committee
A: Review of Risk Management Promotion
Policies for Next Fiscal Year

C: Assessment

Chairman President

Plan
Do

ActionReporting

ReportingExpert Committee on Reported Incidents
Deliberation on and review of matters related toreported incidents and compliance

Risk management
and compliance activities
in each JAEA organization

Collaboration
with Agency
Lawyers
Cooperation

Internal Hotline

Secretariat to Risk Management Ofﬁce
D: Formulation of Risk Management Planfor Each Fiscal Year

General Affairs
Department
Secretariat toCompliance Activities

Legal Consultation
HotlineJapan Atomic Energy Agency

For details of the Procurement Rationalization Plan, please see the JAEA website. https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/contract/ (in Japanese)
For performance in the procurement of eco-friendly products, please see the JAEA website. https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/green/ (in Japanese)*3

For performance in the procurement of products from organizations supporting persons with disabilities, please see the JAEA website.

*4

For information on the Contract Monitoring Committee, please see the JAEA website.

Reporting
Reporting

Each Sector at JAEA(Workplace)(Go To Top of
Section＊1〜＊4)

https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/contract/committee.html (in Japanese)

Legal advice onvarious matters
Legal measures to preventand resolve legal issues
Risk Management Ofﬁcer (Director General of Each JAEA R&D
Institute and Center, Director of Each Head Ofﬁce, etc.)

In February 2020, JAEA established the JAEA Novel Coronavirus Response Headquarters led by the President, which makes decisions
on actions to be taken based on the policy of the national government and requests by the local governments. Under this system,
JAEA has continued its operations taking all necessary infection prevention measures, while adapting to new lifestyles including new
ways of working such as working from home, staggered working hours, and online meetings. In particular, JAEA sites with a nuclear
facility have established a business continuity plan and control measures for the event of cluster infections to ensure the safety of the
facilities in emergencies and implemented site-specific measures including restriction of entry into the central control room and split
use of commuting buses and communal areas such as canteens. In FY2021, JAEA encouraged its employees to be vaccinated andconducted workplace vaccinations at the Ibaraki site.
Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

17

Basic Information• Efforts to cultivate
risk management andcompliance awarenessbased on annual plan
• Training

D: Formulation of Risk Management Planfor Each Fiscal Year

*1
*2

Measures against Novel Coronavirus Infection

External Hotline

16· An e-learning-based education and awareness campaign for all employees was conducted as a measure to prevent collusive rigging involving government agencies.

https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/handicapped/ (in Japanese)

Policy Planning and
Administration Department

Internal Audit

Efforts to Prevent Embezzlement

Chairman Executive Director in charge of legal affairs and audits

Deliberation/review

Ofﬁce
of
Auditor Cooperation· When conducting bidding, we strive to provide competitive opportunities to potential bidders by not imposing unnecessarily strict entry conditions, providing asufficient public notice period, and announcing our annual procurement plan.
· We also make efforts to increase the number of bid participants. As part of these efforts, we conduct questionnaire surveys to ask companies that did not participate in
the bidding about their reasons for not taking part. We post on our website “JAEA bid participation guide” that explains the procedure for participating. For contracts
involving a large amount of money, we hold a bidding briefing session in advance to promote understanding of our specifications.
· In addition, we seek to provide further opportunities to potential bidders by dividing off the non-specialist aspects of a task as a separate contract.

relevant departments

Members Relevant Executive Directors, department heads and lawyers

ReportingEfforts to Ensure Competitive Opportunities in Contracting Process(Executive Directors andheads of departments)

Members Executive Vice President, Executive Directors and heads of

Check*Operating a PDCA cycle starting fromP (the risk management promotion policy)

Risk Management
Manager

Outcome of Operation· Our main tool for procurement is in principle general competitive bidding. However, taking into account our highly specialized R&D operations that require a high levelof expertise, we make flexible use of diverse contract types to ensure efficient procurement that is also fair and transparent.

Operational and Management Challenges, Risk Management Status, and Countermeasures
Policies for Operation

Structural Reform of JAEA Operations
Promotion of Structural Reform under Strong Leadership of President

Evaluation of Activities in FY2021 and Future Activities

Under the Presidentʼs strong leadership, JAEA has worked on resolving its urgent management challenges through efforts led by the
Smart Operation Promotion Office established in April 2019 to promote structural reform of operations.

Framework ofStructural Reform

Board of
Executive Directors

President
Instruction fororganization andreformList of Status and Achievements of Major Reform Tasks in FY2021

Reporting

Category of task

Reform of employee
awareness

Presentation of reform proposals
Reform status reporting

AdviceStatus checking andreportingOperation Reform Promotion Committee

Each department /sector

Each department /sector

Main activity subjects

Main achievement• Motivation raising• As part of the Motivation Raising Campaign, facility tours, inter-organization
opinion exchange sessions, lecture sessions, etc. were held (approx. 2,100
participants in total) to raise employee motivation.

• Business operations with customer
and economy in mind

• Rollout of awareness-raising activities including display of a poster underliningthat JAEAʼs customers are the general public and holding of lecture sessions
on cost- and customer-conscious operations.

· Deliberation and decision of action plans· Follow-up of reform status

・・・・・・

Rationalization and• Initiatives for job streamlining
efficiency improvement
and introduction of informationof operations
technology• Continuous improvement of management operations (e.g. streamlining
contracting procedures by introducing online ordering systems, streamlining
goods management using QR codes).
• Of over 20,000 paper-based procedures at JAEA, some 8,500 are about to beelectronized.

• Introduction and spreading of RPA• Robotic Process Automation (RPA) was implemented for 49 items, saving
approximately 4,500 hours of labor.

• Cost reduction through hearings• Guidance on cost optimization, etc. was provided in contract hearings, which
led to a cost reduction of approximately 140 million yen across 10 items.

• Rationalization of administrative
expenses• A total cost reduction of approximately 22 million yen was realized throughreduction of the number of JAEA-owned vehicles, photocopiers, and fax
machines and other measures.

• Promotion of cross-divisional sharingof operations• Cross-divisional liaison meetings were held on 17 items to realize technical andoperational coordination across organizations.

• Needs-seeds matching• A search system for linking the issues employees have (needs) to thetechnologies they have (seeds) and a bulletin board system for exchanging
opinions and sharing information were newly established.

• Appropriate personnel procurement• To improve new graduate recruitment activities, coordination of student
acceptance systems and employment activities was enhanced.

Personnel system• Establishment of specialized career
path system• The JAEA Fellowship was established as a career development system for staff
with outstanding expertise and abundant achievements.

Management
enhancement• Introduction of project system• Regarding cross-divisional operations, a system for the President to appoint a
project manager with responsibility and authority for supervising the project
was introduced and seven projects launched.

JAEAʼs management challenges include aging facilities and equipment, increasing workload in waste management anddecommissioning, and a decrease in the R&D budget and staff numbers. To address these issues, we need to accelerate relevant
initiatives including elimination of inefficient or wasteful activities, efficiency improvement and consolidation of operations, andintroduction of IT.

Execution of Reform Action Plans
With the Smart Operation Promotion Office playing the core role, in FY2019, we formulated Reform Action Plans clarifying “who”
does “what” “by when” to resolve issues. In FY2021, based on the outcome of activities performed in the previous fiscal year, weorganized reform challenges to be addressed, summarizing issues pointed out by the management and requests identified in opinion
exchanges with employees.
We are promoting the reform of JAEA as a whole while quantifying the outcome of activities where possible and adjusting Action
Plans as appropriate based on progress checks by the Operation Reform Promotion Committee and opinions gathered from staff.

What does 'customer' mean to you?

Organization system

JAEA is supported by a wide range of people
Government
Joint research partners
Academicsocieties

Industries

Research andinternational
institutions

Electric powercompanies

MEXT

NRA

ANRE

Universities

Joint studies, etc.
Domestic andoverseas users

Budget,instructions
Salaries

Joint studies, etc.

Electricity
charges, etc.

Tax payment

Local
communities

Outcome of Operation• Electronization of internal
procedures· Execution of reform

Foundation for Operation· Identiﬁcation, categorization and analysis of tasks· Formulation of draft action plans· Follow-up and evaluation of reform status

Smart Operation Promotion Ofﬁce

In FY2021, through discussion by the Operation Reform Promotion Committee of the outcomes of reform activities and theirdissemination to all employees, JAEA made a unified effort to improve awareness of reforms and developed reform activities
targeting all its operations. We will continue with the structural reform of operations including operational rationalization andefficiency improvement.

Tax payment

Regional symbiosis

Companies,
organizations

Outputs
Outcome

Provision of services and goods according to contract(Return ofbenefits)

Inside JAEAManaging
functionR&D sites

Generalaffairs,
supportGeneral public(including your family)

Number of jobs
Reduced work hours

Time for a rethink?

Basic Information

Customer awareness-raising poster

Motivation-raising campaign

FY2019Site tour and opinion exchange session in motivationraising campaign

18Japan Atomic Energy Agency

FY2020

FY2021

Number of jobs replaced by introduction of RPA

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

19

Initiatives to Improve Sustainability of Operations
Designed catchphrase

JAEA fosters mutual understanding with local communities and society through various dialog activities
and works to earn their trust. In FY2021, we formulated the JAEA PR Strategy to develop integrated public
relations activities with a story aspect and started initiatives to visualize “JAEA to the future” by actively
adopting a designed catchphrase.
Prompt and Proactive Provision and Disclosure of Information and Transparency

Official Twitter account:https://twitter.com/jaea_en

Science Cafés and Open Facility Days

Information Disclosure

JAEA responds promptly and appropriately to disclosure
requests as provided for in the Act on Access to Governmental
Information. JAEA also works to ensure the objectivity andtransparency of its operations through, for example, theoperation of a Public Information Committee composedof external experts to verify the proper operation of its
information disclosure framework.
Information Disclosure:* The JAEAʼs R&D results (approximately 110,000 items in total), including academic
papers and patents released by JAEA, can be accessed on the JAEA OriginatedPapers Searching System (JOPSS). For more details of industry-academiagovernment collaboration, please access the JAEA Innovation Hubʼs website.

JOPSS：
https://jopss.jaea.go.jp/search/servlet/interSearch?language=1
JAEA Innovation Hub: http://tenkai.jaea.go.jp (in Japanese)

A Co-Creation Space has been set up for mutual accessto facilities and equipment. Consultants will propose
the appropriate facilities and equipment in response toinquiries on research and utilization of resources.
Tokai area

Research reactor
JRR-3

Mutsu area

Facility ofRadiation
Standards

Mutsu

Fukushima area

General Analytical
Instruments
Around 20 research
instruments in
the Tokai area are
available. Availabilityof researchequipment will be
extended to cover
all R&D institutes/
centers in JAEA.

Tandetron facility

Fukushima
Tsuruga

Oarai
Tono

Tokai
Naraha Center for
Remote Control
Technology
Development (VRsystems)

HarimaHarima area

Tsuruga area

Tono area

Oarai area

Large synchrotron
radiation facility
Spring-8 [Cited
from RIKEN]

Fukui Smart
Decommissioning
Technology
Demonstration
Base

JAEA-AMS-TONO

Test Fast Reactor,
JOYO

JAEA Facilities and Analytical Instruments throughout Japan, which can be used forindustrial purposes through a single point of contact at OFP.

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/information_disclosure/(in Japanese)

JAEA Annual Symposium

Web-based exhibition Science
AGORA 2021

JRR-3 virtual tour

Timely and Appropriate Press Releases, Accurateand Easy-to-Understand Information Dissemination

JAEA Annual Symposium

TOPICS

JAEA technologies introduced at the JAEA
Technology Salon FY2021
Radiation-resistant straight tube LED lighting• Development of in-situ visualization technology for large-scale simulation• Rapid and quantitative analysis method for alpha-emitting
radiopharmaceuticals• Low-cost, transportable nuclear material detection device for nuclear
security• Radiation-resistant straight tube LED lighting• Visualization of radioactive contamination at decommissioning sites with
3D mappingAir

Concrete• Early detection technology for glass lining damage to prevent leakage ofmaterials such as high-temperature concentrated sulfuric acid• Three-dimensional seismic isolation system• Further promotion of the use of the radiation transport code system PHITS

Press study session

Introducing JAEAʼs R&D outcomes in an easy-to-understand manner:

Basic Information

In addition to holding press study sessions suitable for theneeds of the time, JAEA periodically holds lecture sessions
for its staff on how to write press release documents andencourages creative expression to convey the writerʼs intent,
aiming to improve the rate of documentation in newspapers
and other media. We havealso opened a page on social
networking sites to promptly
deliver information on ourachievements and topics ofhigh social interest.

For FY2021, we held the JAEA Annual Symposium in a hybrid
format, both inviting attendees to the venue and providing
an online streaming service. Under the main theme “To the
Future – Shaping a Sustainable Future with New Era Nuclear
Science and Technology,” we reported the basic approachto and the directionality of our future activities. During the“Talk Session,” well-informed
members of the public
expressed the expectation thatthe technologies related tonuclear energy that are part ofour daily life can be focused to
improve the quality of life as partof the social infrastructure.

• Small hand-held dust collector with HEPA filter head used at plutonium
handling facilities

Sample of PHITS calculation results

iRIS for visualization ofradioactive contamination
at decommissioning sites
through 3D mapping

https://www.jaea.go.jp/study_results/representative/ (in Japanese)

20

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Outcome of Operation

JAEA promotes direct dialog with all interested parties throughexhibitions to disseminate its research outcomes and webbased participation in educational events such as science
experiment classes and science cafés. JAEA also conducts
facility tours through online video clips and virtual reality
systems to provide the public with the opportunity to learn
about its operations.

Tweets presenting R&D results in shortvideo clips

JAEA has been focusing on creating innovation and givingback its R&D results to society. In FY2021, we carried out 219
new joint research projects and 125 contract research projects
with various bodies such as government, universities andprivate companies. In addition, 469 shared use programs wereconducted on JAEA-owned facilities.
Since 2018, we have hosted the JAEA Technology Salon toaccelerate R&D activity and the application of its results throughinterdisciplinary research. As a result of advances in technology
presented at the JAEA Technology Salon, a startup company
originating from JAEA, Emulsion Flow Technologies Ltd., wasestablished. Furthermore, technical consultations on social
implementation and joint research were received from privatecompanies with which we did not have previous connections.
JAEA also operated the R&D Collaboration Frame topromote the practical implementation of our intellectual
property, and a local company in Fukui Prefecture took
advantage of this framework to develop a decommissioning
and disaster response robot that gathers information on the 3D
distribution of radiation contamination.
To strengthen structures for the creation of innovation,
the JAEA Innovation Hub was established in October 2021,
for which a director and senior advisors with considerable
knowledge of industry-academia-government collaboration
were engaged through external recruitment. Additionally,
the Open Facility Platform (OFP) was launched in April 2021
with the aim of promoting the industrial utilization not only of
the large JAEA research facilities already used for industrial
purposes, but also of other facilities and analytical equipment.
Furthermore, we have been implementing open innovationand open science activities, such as initiating plan-based
management of research data.

Foundation for Operation

JAEA actively provides and discloses information. In doing so, we try to make information
accurate, neutral, and easy to understand by incorporating risk communication techniques.
When disseminating R&D results and information at exhibition events, we use both paper media
such as public relations magazines and electronic media such as social networking services (SNS)and utilize video clips and effective photographs where possible to help people understand thecontent of research that may otherwise appear distant from daily life. Meanwhile, in the event ofan accident or a trouble, JAEA distributes information focusing on promptness and accuracy.

Initiatives for Industry-Academia-Government
Collaboration

Policies for Operation

Public Consultation, Public Relations
and Information Disclosure

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

21

Initiatives to Improve Sustainability of Operations

With a view to maximizing R&D outcomes and carrying out efficient operations, JAEA has formulated a
Human Resources Policy, a plan that sets out the ideal employee profile and includes related career path
policies. By increasing employee motivation and improving their qualifications and capabilities in this way,
JAEA is promoting human resource development in a systematic and organized manner.
Ideal JAEA Employee Profile

Career Path Policies
JAEA formulates organizational training plans that reflect the actual circumstances of individual organizations. Based on theorganizational training plans, JAEA formulates a personal training plan for each staff member and holds annual training interviews toprovide follow-up and career path adjustment as necessary. In this way, JAEA endeavors to assist employees in developing a unique
career that fits individual skills and aptitude and works to improve the capabilities of each employee and translate the outcomes into
improved performance for the entire organization.
Further, in order to promote and vitalize R&D, in April 2022, we established the JAEA Fellowship, a system for recognizing
employees with outstanding expertise and abundant R&D achievements as specialists in their field.

Furtherance of Diverse and Highly Productive Ways of Working Tailoredto Each Employee
Promotion of Work-Life Balance
JAEA engages in a variety of activities to facilitate all its employees to fully exert their abilities by creating an environment where
employees can balance work and personal life.
To encourage employees to continue working during challenging life stages such as child rearing and nursing care, we introduced
a telecommuting system in FY2019. In order to further develop it as part of our new ways of working, we have formulated and tried ateleworking optimization program, which we plan to officially implement in the future.
In addition, we implemented initiatives to balance work and child rearing, such as financial aid for childminding fees using thesystem indicated by the national government and conclusion of corporate contracts.

“Genki! Ikukatsu Menu” for balancing work and child care

JAEA has in place a wide range of short-/long-term leave systems collectively called “Genki! Ikukatsu Menu” for both female andmale employees to balance work and child care.
Maternity leave
before childbirthMaternity leave
after childbirth

6 weeks

8 weeks

Short-term child-care leave
Child-care leave
Partial leaveFor
mothers

Early start/late start system, flextime system
Exemption from overtime and holiday work
Exemption from late-night work

Special measures to avoid crowded
commuting hours

Limitation on overtime and holiday work
Limitation on late-night work

JAEA received “Kurumin”
certification
as a childcare-supporting
institution!

Nursing-care leave for sick/injured children (special leave), accumulation of holiday leave

Reduction of workload, etc.
Additional breaks during working hours, health guidance and health checkups
Limitation on overtime, holiday work, and late-night work

Improving Performance Across the Organization
by Enhancing Individual Capabilities!

Duringpregnancy

Skill development stage

Engage in planning,
administration andother operations
utilizing management
skillsSkill application andtesting stage

Managementtrack

14-15 years

Example activities: Support for acquisition of doctoral degree; basic
training for research positions; seminars on methodology for drafting
research papers; support for presentations at academic conferences;dispatch to overseas research and other organizations and overseas
nuclear study programs; utilization of cross-appointment system.

Play active role as engineer, engaging in latest technology
development and operating cutting-edge facilities

Seniormanagement
activity stage

Specialized field
track

Contribute to smooth execution of JAEA operations
and serve as bridge between specialists and society

Administrative
positions

Varioustraining
programs

Example activities: Experience of different administrative
operations through job rotation system; transfer to internationalorganizations or overseas offices and temporary assignment tocentral government ministries and agencies; improvement ofexpertise through participation in external seminars.

Activities to develop capabilities as a group of
specialists trusted by society

Example activities: Training for new employees; training for
mid-career employees; training for employees promoted to
managerial positions; basic and applied courses in nuclear
energy; practical business language training.

Our efforts to promote human resource development in a well-planned and systematic manner comprise on-the-job training, which
provides guidance in each workplace on carrying out duties, and off-the-job training to complement on-the-job training.

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

3 years old

6 years old

8 years old

8 weeks

Paternity leave (special leave)
Short-term child-care leave (special leave)Forfathers

Child-care leave
Partial leave
Early/late start system, flextime system
Exemption from overtime and holiday work

Limitation on overtime and holiday work

Nursing-care leave for sick/injured children (special leave), accumulation of holiday leave

Development of Systems for Balancing Work and Family Care

We offer the following extensive working, holiday, and leave systems to help balance work and family care: flexible time system;
nursing-care leave; short-term nursing-care leave; partial leave; exemption from and limitation on working extra hours; early/late startsystem; accumulation of accumulated leave.

Promotion of Gender Equality
JAEA engages in a variety of activities to promote gender equality from the viewpoint of securing and utilizing a wide spectrum of
human resources (diversity).

・Ratio of female employees newly employed in FY2021 ..........................
・Ratio of female employees to all employees (as of April 1, 2022) ...........

19.4％
12.0％

(1) Increase female recruitment: We implement initiatives to help potential female employees to envisage their career paths after
joining us, including use as recruiters of successful female employees practicing various work styles and appealing to female
students in recruitment activities and on our websites.
(2) Career development of female employees: Through mentoring and other systems, we offer role models to our female
employees in a bid to assist autonomous career development from a long-term perspective.
(3) Facilitating understanding of gender equality: We hold opinion exchange sessions throughout our sites and publish Diversity
Newsletters to disseminate information on our initiatives and actual cases to increase employee understanding of our activities
and to raise their awareness through means such as rank-based training.
Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

23

Basic Information

Example activities: On-the-job training by senior colleagues at nuclear
facilities; encouragement of acquisition of government-sanctioned
qualifications and nurturing of legally required chief engineers;
dispatch to overseas research and other organizations and overseas
nuclear study programs.

20 years and more

Enhancement of Employee Development Framework

22

1 year old

Limitation on late-night work

Conduct original and innovative R&D
to carve out the future of nuclear energy

Engineering
positions

6 weeks

Career-specific progression stage

Approximate
6-7 years
years ofservice* Example of a new university graduate

Research
positionsContribute to theorganization as a
specialist having
acquired a highskill level in theirrespective area

ChildbirthPaternal child-care leave (special leave)

Outcome of Operation

Gain experience in a diverse
range of operations andbecome an active main player
in the workplace
Gain basic
knowledge and work
to improve expertiseFoundation for Operation(1) Persons who understand management philosophy and can implement it in a steadfast and voluntary manner(2) Persons who play an active role in the international community while demonstrating originality and an innovative mindset in theirrespective areas of specialty(3) Persons who understand their respective roles within their organizational structure and demonstrate a high level of expertise while
collaborating with others

Policies for Operation

Redefining the Organizational Concept and Securing/
Training Human Resources

Initiatives to Improve Sustainability of Operations

Contribution to Regional Development

Implementation of the Strategy for International Cooperation

JAEA sites actively contribute to regional development throughout Japan by holding science classes atjunior high schools, participating in local events, and conducting other activities. JAEA also opens its
facilities to the public and holds various events to deepen mutual understanding with local residents.

For JAEA to execute its mission, various forms of cooperation and partnership with the relevant nuclear
organizations in other countries and international organizations are essential. These include, among
others, undertaking international joint research to maximize R&D outcomes, expanding human networks
through international contribution via such means as support for human resource development efforts
in other countries, and increasing the visibility of JAEA in the global nuclear community throughdissemination and international outreach of JAEA R&D outcomes.

Policies for Operation

International Cooperation and Contribution* The activities shown below are implemented with all necessary measures taken to prevent novel coronavirus infection.

Examples of Regional Contributions in FY2021

Nuclear Safety
Minor Actinoid (MA)Transmutation

Nuclear Non-Proliferation/
Nuclear Security

RussiaPolandR&D on the Disposal of HighLevel Radioactive Waste[Horonobe] Site tour forelementary school students
Nuclear Non-Proliferation/
Nuclear Security, and Nuclear
Spallation, etc.

SwedenUnitedStates

China
United Kingdom
Decommissioning, Radioactive
Waste Management, andHigh-Temperature Gas-Cooled
Kazakhstan
Reactor (HTGR)Fast Reactor Safety, HTGR,
and Nuclear Non-Proliferation/
Nuclear Security

Nuclear R&D, Nuclear
Non-Proliferation/Nuclear
Security, and Radioactive
Waste Management

R&D on the Disposal of
High-Level Radioactive Waste

South Korea

Switzerland

Emerging Nuclear Countries
in Asia and the Middle East

R&D on the Next Generation
Reactor, R&D on the Nuclear Fuel
Cycle and Radioactive Waste
Management, Nuclear NonProliferation/Nuclear Security, andNuclear Science• Project agreements ontechnical development
cooperation in the ﬁeld of
nuclear non-proliferation andnuclear security were signed(May 2021-September 2021).
• A Cooperative Research andDevelopment Agreementwith the Idaho National
Laboratory (INL) on irradiating
chrome-coated zirconium alloy
cladding in the Advanced
Test Reactor was signed inJuly 2021.

[Tsuruga] Decommissioning training
session for local companies

Foundation for Operation

HTGR, and Material
Testing Reactor

FinlandEuropean Commission (EC)[Aomori] Science class atjunior high school[Fukushima] Staffing of a booth ata science event(Personnel Training Support for Nuclear Safety and Security)
FranceResearch Reactor
Utilization and
Neutron Science[Tokai] Workplace experience forjunior high school students

Australia
The Generation IV International Forum (GIF)
Participation in R&D project on Generation IV
reactor systems

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Advanced Reactor

Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development/
Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA)
Advanced Reactor

Nuclear Safety
Safeguards and Nuclear Security
Decommissioning and Radioactive
Waste Management, etc.
JAEA was designatedas IAEA Collaborating
Centre in the two ﬁeldsof nuclear security anddecommissioning/radioactive
waste management in
October 2021.

Nuclear Safety
Nuclear Science
Decommissioning

Preparatory Commission
for the Comprehensive
Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Organization (CTBTO）

International Science andTechnology Center (ISTC)
Participation in cooperative
research projects

Contribution to theinternational monitoring
system to detect nuclear
test explosions

Radioactive Waste Management
Personnel Training
The Agreement on the QUENCH-ATF Project (Development of Accident
Tolerant Fuel at QUENCH, Germany) was signed in September 2021.

(*) Due to the changing international
environment, bilateral andmultilateral cooperation involving
Russia may be suspended orotherwise affected in the future.

Event organized by JAEA overseas office

The Fifth Symposium on U.S.-Japan Nuclear
Energy Research Cooperation (November 2021)
Key figures representing the nuclear community in the
U.S. participated in the Symposium and confirmed andpromoted the nuclear R&D partnership between Japanand the U.S. in the introduction of advanced reactors,
safety research, etc.

24

Other Event
Receipt of the Order of Merit of the Republic of France
in April 2021
In recognition of his extensive contribution to nuclear cooperation
between Japan and France, the then President Toshio Kodama wasawarded Lʼordre national du Mérite, Officier Classe.

[Tono] Crafting class at
a science event[Oarai] Science class atjunior high school[Tokai] Participation in a cleaning event“Autumn Clean Campaign”

About the New Test and Research Reactor
at the Monju Site
Together with Kyoto University and the University of Fukui, JAEA was adopted by MEXT in November 2020
as a core institution of the project “Examination of the conceptual design and operation scheme of the
new research reactor to be installed at the Monju site”. Within the project, JAEA focuses on the “design,
installation, and operation of the research reactor”.
In FY2021, JAEA simulated various core-configurations for the research reactor and continued with its
geological survey of the candidate construction site. Activities continue with periodic review of the results
by a consortium consisting of academia, industry, and related local organizations.

Strategy for International Cooperation:

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/international_strategy/ (in Japanese)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

25

Basic Information(Introduction of the new meeting style utilizing on-line platform)[Ningyo-toge] Summer vacation craftingclass for elementary
school students

Outcome of Operation

Fast Reactor, Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection,
Nuclear Science, Decommissioning, and Issues related
to the Fukushima Daiichi NPS Accident, etc.
• Expansion of the scope of R&D cooperation with
the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy
Commission (CEA) was agreed in December 2021.

Policies for Operation

Measures to Be Taken for Attaining Targets
Concerning Business Operations with Placing Top
Priority on Safety
This item includes content realized by implementation of other matters, and the amounts
recorded as administrative costs are as recorded for those other matters.

Basic Safety Management Policies

Safety assurance activities page:https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/safety/

Basic policy on safety
and health management

Quality assurance policy
on nuclear safety

Basic Safety
Management Policies
Action policy to foster
a nuclear security culture

Action policy to comply
with laws and regulations
related to nuclear security(in Japanese)*1 Safety culture and nuclear security culture refer, respectively, to prioritizing safety and to fulfilling the required roles and responsibility in nuclear
security, as reflected in an organizational culture and awareness at both the organization and individual staff level.

Ensuring Safety Above All Elsethe basic policy on safety and health management and thequality assurance policy on nuclear safety. Each site also seeks
continuous operational improvement by repeating the plan-docheck-act (PDCA) cycle. In addition, by instilling recognition of
the importance of basic behavior at each individual workplace,
we promote pre-work activities such as risk assessments andhazard prediction.

Activities to Develop and Maintain a Safety Culture
As part of activities to develop and maintain a safety culture,
JAEA officials undertook safety patrols and exchanged
opinions with staff on-site to promote information sharing
and mutual understanding between management and staff.
Each JAEA site held a safety gathering with participation ofoperating partners, a safety and health patrol by the director

general, sensory-based safety training to enhance staff
sensitivity to risk, and other related activities as ongoing efforts
to improve the safety consciousness of personnel involved in
JAEA operations.
We will continue these activities to develop and maintain asafety culture and thereby prevent accidents and technical issues.

In April 2019, JAEA received instructions from the Minister of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology titled “Future
measures to prevent accident or problem recurrence following
the contamination accident in the controlled area of the Nuclear
Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories.” In FY2021, JAEA evaluatedthe effectiveness of measures taken in accordance with the
instructions and confirmed that the initially expected results had
been achieved. We will continue with related action.

Efforts to Organize and Prioritize Aging Facilities for Utilization
As JAEA started its R&D operations in the 1960s, many of
its facilities and equipment items have aged. These older
facilities and equipment items pose a safety risk that needs tobe prioritized. Our response plan is to group these facilities
into those we will continue to use and those we will no longer
use and have to decommission. The necessary measures are

implemented based on risk assessment.
In FY2021, continuing from the previous fiscal year, we
promoted relevant activities for these facilities by incorporating
the plans to address aging into the Medium-/Long-Term
Management Plan for JAEA Facilities (see page 14), thus
reducing risk.

Implementation of Training and Drills at Nuclear Facilities
To be prepared for crises such as nuclear facility accidents/
failures and natural disasters, we periodically implement
necessary training and drills.
In FY2021, we conducted a total of 15 drills assuming
a JAEA facility being the source of the emergency. In
comprehensive emergency preparedness drills held at the
research institutes subject to the Act on Special Measures
Concerning Nuclear Emergency Preparedness, we conducted
exercises on sharing information via the Integrated Nuclear
Emergency Preparedness Network that links JAEA and theSecretariat of the Nuclear Regulation Authority, with the aimof refining the system to share and send out information. In
addition, during the comprehensive emergency preparedness
drills at the Fugen and Oarai R&D facilities, we conducted drills
that incorporated support from other JAEA sites and confirmed
the support system of the entire organization.

Comprehensive Emergency Preparedness Drills in FY2021(Participant figures do not include participants of evacuation
drills only or drill evaluators)
September 7, 2021

November 9, 2021

February 22, 2022

Ningyo-toge
Environmental
Engineering Center

Oarai Researchand Development
Institute

Nuclear Fuel
Cycle Engineering
Laboratories

ca. 230

ca. 380ca. 260

October 15, 2021

December 14, 2021

March 8, 2022

Fugen
Decommissioning
Engineering Center

Prototype Fast
Breeder Reactor
Monju

Nuclear Science
Research Instituteca. 130

ca. 160

ca. 250

Outcome of Operation

As a comprehensive R&D institute in the field of nuclear
energy, JAEA handles radioactive materials and is therefore
required to demonstrate exceptionally high levels of safety andreliability. To that end, JAEA has formulated basic policies onsafety, quality, and nuclear security and conducts its operations
placing safety above all else.
Each JAEA site undertakes activities in accordance with

Following an accident or technical issue, JAEA undertakes
activities to share the lessons learned agency-wide. In FY2021,
continuing from the previous fiscal year, in addition to its preexisting agency-wide sharing of information, JAEA worked
to promote understanding among staff by creating shorteducational videos with subtitles giving a visual demonstrationof inappropriate responses to an accident or emergency andshared them on the JAEA intranet.

Foundation for Operation

In its Basic Policy, JAEA specifies ensuring safety as theutmost priority for its management and operations.
In addition, based on the Basic Safety Management
Policies, JAEA thoroughly ensures the safety of its
facilities and operations and the proper control of
its nuclear materials, and ceaselessly works on thedevelopment and maintenance of a safety culture*1 anda nuclear security culture*1.

Activities to Prevent Recurrence of Similar Events (Agency-wide Sharing of Lessons Learned from Incidents)

Maintenance of Equipment for Emergency Response

26

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

periodic connection testing to ensure the availability of services
in the case of a nuclear emergency. Also in FY2021, continuingfrom the previous fiscal year, we took steps to bypass any
communication failure and ensure information sharing during
emergency response by upgrading our teleconferencing
system, which uses a dedicated network, and reflecting the
upgrade at all our sites.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

27

Basic Information

Virtual Reality (VR) experience training to enhance sensitivity to safety

We operate and maintain equipment for emergency response
including a teleconferencing system to enable us to unfailingly
share information within JAEA and send out information toexternal parties.
Focusing specifically on the Integrated Nuclear Emergency
Preparedness Network, which is important in sharing
information with the Japanese government, we conductedPolicies for Operation

Occurrence of Accidents and Problems
JAEA ensures to reduce occupational accidents and false
fire alarms.

○ Accidents and problems

https://www.jaea.go.jp/news/incident/ (in Japanese)

Activities Based on Quality Assurance Policy on Nuclear Safety
JAEA ensures proper operation and continuous improvementof safety-related activities under a quality assurance policy
on nuclear safety set forth in accordance with the operationalsafety program for reactors and other facilities.
In FY2021, JAEA ascertained issues at each site for the
purpose of developing and establishing quality management
activities (e.g. periodic nuclear operator inspections,
independent inspections, initiatives pertaining to thedevelopment and maintenance of a safety culture) based on

the quality management plan and other quality management
documents that were revised pursuant to the revision of
relevant laws and regulations in April 2020. We have been
making continuous improvements including revision of the
JAEA standard guidelines to maintain and improve quality
control pertaining to nuclear facilities.
Nuclear regulatory inspections in FY2021 found no violationof safety regulations or recommendations, indicating proper
operation of the quality management system.

Agency-Wide Safety Review and Quality Assurance Committee
The committee met eleven times in FY2021 to discuss a
total of nine matters, including applications to change theoperating license of nuclear facilities and applications forapproval of decommissioning plans. In addition, causal analysis
was performed on the accidents and technical issues that
occurred in the calendar year of 2021, and recommendations
to prevent occurrence and recurrence of accidents, and issues
were made for each site. Based on the recommendations, eachsite will plan activities to promote a safety culture.

Management Review by the President

JAEA steadily promotes “nuclear security (physical protection andspecified radioisotope security),” which is designed to preventthe unauthorized removal of nuclear materials and/or radioactive
materials and the sabotage against nuclear facilities by terrorism
or other suspicious activities, in accordance with relevant laws,
regulations, and standards. Lately, since the threat is growing
due to changes in external conditions, JAEA is promoting risk
mitigation against outsiders and insiders*2 by strengthening
physical protection, inspections and monitoring, and effective
operation of the trustworthiness determination program*3.
In addition, the Physical Protection Corrective Action
Program (PPCAP) operation and assessments to relevant
facilities were conducted to evaluate and improve voluntary
nuclear security efforts.
Specifically, JAEA strives to maintain a high level of staff
awareness of nuclear security through e-learning, messages
from the President, patrols and opinions exchanges bymanagement, the designation of “nuclear security strengthen
month”, and case studies. Those activities are conductedbased on the action policy to ensure compliance with laws andregulations at nuclear facilities, and the action policy to foster anuclear security culture.

Vehiclegate

FencesMagnetic card

Monitoring room

SurveillancesystemIntrusion detection sensor
Camera system*Equipment shown in red is computer-controlled.

Access control
systemSchematic illustration of physical protection (example)*2 Outsiders and Insiders: A person who enters a nuclear facility fromthe outside and attempts to sabotage or steal nuclear materials
is called an outsider. On the other hand, a person such as a staff
member attempting to do this is called an insider. In the case of an
insider they are difficult to detect because they have access rights.
*3 The trustworthiness determination program: As one of the measuresagainst threats from staff and other insiders , this program investigates
the identity, career, possible terrorist connections and other backgrounddetails of individuals who have access to the designated inner areasof nuclear facilities and handle confidential information on physicalprotection so as to exclude the risk of sabotage.

Basic Information

From the viewpoint of peaceful use of nuclear materials,
and to demonstrate the transparency of its use of nuclear
materials, JAEA provides the Japanese government and the
IAEA with information on the state of its nuclear material
management and facilities in a timely and appropriate manner.
For these activities, the Japanese government and IAEA
conduct safeguards inspections to check that nuclear materials
are properly managed. In addition, JAEA strives to further
advance the nuclear material accountancy and safeguards
related knowledge of the staff involved through e-learning,
safeguarding lectures, rank-based training, and patrols andopinions exchanges by management.
Management Review by the President at the end of FY2021

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Initiatives for Ensuring Nuclear Security

Activities for SSAC *4 and Safeguards *5

The President himself periodically receives and reviews activity
reports from each facility (i.e. subjects them to Management
Review by the President) to ensure the effectiveness of safetyrelated activities at our nuclear facilities and to improve ourquality management system and security operations. In FY2021,
two management reviews were held with the participation ofsenior advisors (external specialists). Based on improvement
instructions from the President, decisions were made on theitems necessary to deepen and enhance the thorough practiceof basic procedures for safe operation, taking into account theaccidents and issues that occurred in FY2021. In response to theimprovement instructions from the President, each site will plan
improvement activities to be carried out in the next fiscal year.

28

recommendations. In addition, we promoted resolution ofissues by holding periodic meetings with the safety regulation
managers of the Secretariat of the Nuclear Regulation Authority.
In response to the Inspection Program that was changedin April 2020, in FY2020 we made the appropriate licensing
applications and applications to change operational safety
programs and decommissioning plans based on the revised
regulations and had obtained approval for all applications byJune 2021.

Outcome of Operation

JAEA operates an Agency-wide Safety Review and Quality
Assurance Committee to consider applications for licensing of
nuclear facilities and matters related to quality management
activities across JAEA. We took measures to improve theefficiency of the Committeeʼs deliberations, including
preparation of a summary sheet to check the completeness of
the required items in technological standards and regulations
and of the entries in licensing application forms, which
promoted appropriate licensing applications.

In inspections to verify compliance with the new regulatory
standards triggered by the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Station, the High Temperature Engineering Test
Reactor (HTTR) passed the pre-use and periodic nuclear operator
inspections and resumed operation in July 2021.
To enhance agency-wide compliance with common safety
regulations, we periodically held safety review and response
liaison meetings to share information about the state of review
by the Secretariat of the Nuclear Regulation Authority andFoundation for Operation

The number of accidents and technical issues JAEA reported
in FY2021 was 25 (29 in FY2020 and 29 in FY2019), which
represents a decreasing trend.
None of them required reporting pursuant to the Act on
Regulations of Nuclear Source Material, Nuclear Fuel Material
and Reactors. JAEA had no violation of safety regulations
based on nuclear regulatory inspections, no corrective
recommendation from the Labor Standards Inspection Office,and three injury incidents requiring lost workdays.

Compliance with Regulatory Standards and Response to Changes in Inspection Program

Safeguards lecture session*4 Nuclear material accountancy: This work involves measuring and recording the inventory and movement of nuclear materials and supplies which isinternationally regulated under the law and reporting this information to the government on a regular basis.
*5 Safeguards: It is a system led by IAEA and the Japanese government that conducts inspections of nuclear facilities to verify that no diversion to
nuclear weapons has taken place.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

29

The cost of this R&D was 17,303 million yen (operations expenses 16,413 million yen and entrusted
expenses 807 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income fromgovernment funding for operational grant (10,315 million yen) and income from subsidies, etc. (3,365
million yen). The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss (90 million yen) and otheradministrative costs (986 million yen) to this cost, was 18,386 million yen.

Objectives: Contribute to decommissioning and environmental recovery for the reconstructionof Fukushima ~Efforts to decommission TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

Policies for Operation

R&D Pertaining to the Response to the Accident at
TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

Major achievements 2021
〇 R&D for reducing radiation exposure of workers
Equipment and rubble contaminated with radioactive materials remain at FDNPS, and it is necessary to specify the distribution ofradioactive contamination three-dimensionally in order to reduce the radiation exposure of workers. As it was difficult to assessthe detailed radioactive contamination distribution three-dimensionally with the existing method using a survey meter or a gamma
camera*2, CLADS has developed iRIS, a system that combines a Compton camera*2 that visualizes the distribution of radioactive
contamination with 3D space recognition devices. In 2021, this system succeeded in tests at the reactor building to measure outdoor
radiation distribution three-dimensionally.

(FDNPS) and restore the environment of Fukushima~*2 Gamma camera and Compton camera:
Both are devices for measuring gamma
rays. A Compton camera is a type of
gamma camera and has a structure that is
advantageous for miniaturization and weight
reduction.

High radiation doseCompton Camera

Sector of Fukushima Research and Development:

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/

https://fukushima.jaea.go.jp/en/
Visualization results of high-concentration contaminatedareas inside FDNPS Unit 1 (2018)

March 2022 (Present)

Whole processof FDNPS
decommissioning*1
Guidelines for
Reconstruction
and Revitalizationof Fukushima

Phase 1

Phase 2Phase 3

Period until the start ofspent fuel removal

Period until the start offuel debris removal

Period until completion of
decommissioning

Cancellation of evacuation orders (excluding areas where
population return is designated as difﬁcult)
Fukushima Prefectural Centre for Environmental Creation,
Medium- and Long-term Action Policy

Phase 1

Phase 2Phase 3Cancellation of designation as areas
where population return is difﬁcult

3rd Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period* 1 Based on “An important story about decommissioning 2021” (presented by METI).

Summary of results during the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period

R&D for decommissioning

Research on comprehending the situation
inside the furnace and the properties of fueldebris· Estimating fuel debris characteristics
through international projects, etc.
· Providing information that contributes tothe examination of fuel debris removal
methods

Understanding the properties of radioactive
waste, treatment/disposal research· Continuous analysis of samples taken at FDNPS· Aggregate as a database
Analysis of samples
taken at FDNPS

Estimated map of furnace interior

R&D related to environmental restoration of
Fukushima· R&D on environmental dynamics and monitoring· Operation of a website that explains research results in aneasy-to-understand manner for citizens

Fukushima Daiichi
Radwaste Analytical
Data Library (FRAnDLi)

Development of R&D infrastructure(facilities and human resources)

The full-scale introduction of iRIS at FDNPS is expected to contribute to reducing workersʼ radiation exposure.

〇 Efforts to secure continuous human resources
As future-oriented training activities for the younger generation
related to the decommissioning of FDNPS, we held a robot
operation training program using a virtual reality system and aremote-controlled robot, organized the “Robocon” contest to createa decommissioning technology robot and thereby encourage
young people to tackle issues related to decommissioning works,
and gave a science class for local junior high school and highschool students. In addition, we conduct “decommissioning humanresources development training” for companies that are interested indecommissioning.
Outcome

Robocon (13 teams from12 schools
from all over Japan participated)〇 Development of R&D infrastructure
NARREC has contributed to research and development
related to decommissioning by supporting mockup
tests for the removal of fuel debris, preparing datathat can simulate the reactor building in 3D, andestablishing a system that can be provided tocompanies and research institutes. The Okuma Analysis
and Research Center is preparing Laboratory 1 foranalysis of radioactive waste, etc. toward the start ofoperation in June 2022. We have also been preparing
Laboratory 2 for analysis of fuel debris.
In addition, we have established a collaborative
system with other sectors, such as sharing R&D
knowledge and developing human resources throughR&D projects.

30Japan Atomic Energy Agency

OutcomeNew facility under construction

Training program for students

Decommissioning human resources
training

We will develop a wide range of human resources with knowledge of decommissioning and continuously secure
human resources.
R&D related to environmental
restoration of Fukushima
Collaborative Laboratories for
Advanced Decommissioning Science
Miharu Town and Minamisoma City

We proceeded with the developmentof R&D facilities in line with theprogress of decommissioning.

R&D for decommissioning• Development of analytical methods• Property analysis ofradioactive waste andfuel debris

Fukushima
IbarakiTsuruga

TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
むつ

Okuma Analysis and Research Center at Okuma• Environmental monitoring• Environmental dynamics
Formulated medium- tolong-term action policy with Fukushima
Prefecture and the National Institute forEnvironmental Studies, and carried out
collaborative research and development

Tokyo

Development of Collaborative Laboratories for
Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS) at Tomioka• Command tower for research and development on
Fukushima reconstruction• Severe accident analysis• Waste disposal• Remote control technology

Naraha Center for REmote Control technology
development (NARREC) at Naraha• Mockup test and training• Robot simulator• VR system

Collaboration with other sectors
and facilities
Other sectors and facilities

FukushimaComprehensive
Environmental
Information Site (FaCE!S)(in Japanese)

Aomori Research andDevelopment Center
Materials Sciences
Research Center

Sector of Tsuruga
Decommissioning
Demonstration

Basic Information· Development of Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced
Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Naraha Center for
Remote Control technology development (NARREC) andOkuma Analysis and Research Center· Holding of training programs for students anddecommissioning companies

Outcomepress2021/p21051403/

Visualization results for air dose rate and high-concentration
contaminated areas around the exhaust stack of FDNPS
Unit 1/2 (2021)

Outcome of Operation

During the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period, JAEA contributed to the future progress of the decommissioning process,such as removal and analysis of fuel debris, through the following R&D activities.

Foundation for Operation

With the Sector of Fukushima Research and Development at its center, we have established a research base in Fukushima and are
conducting research and development related to the decommissioning of FDNPS and the environmental restoration of Fukushima inaccordance with the Mid-and-Long-Term Roadmap towards the Decommissioning and the Basic Guidelines for the Reconstruction
and Revitalization of Fukushima. By applying newly obtained knowledge and results to the decommissioning of JAEA
facilities, we aim to bring the knowledge and results into circulation.

Ibaraki area
Nuclear Science Research Institute
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories
Oarai Research and Development Institute

Development of R&D infrastructure in Fukushima Prefecture and cooperation with other sectors

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

31

The cost of this R&D was 7,759 million yen (operations expenses 3,745 million yen and entrusted expenses
3,972 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income from government fundingfor operational grant (3,241 million yen) and income from research consigned from the government (3,977
million yen). The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss (35 million yen) and otheradministrative costs (166 million yen) to this cost, was 7,960 million yen.

Nuclear Regulation Authorityʼs Study Group on
Analysis of the 1F Accident

JAEA researchers participated in the discussions as membersof the study group and cooperated in the accident analysis
through measurement of samples collected from 1F. The
information provided was reflected in the interim report.
https://www.nsr.go.jp/data/000345595.pdf
sum peakObjectives: Contribute to improving nuclear safety and strengthening nuclear emergency
preparedness and response ~Creation of valuable scientiﬁc and technical knowledge as atechnical support organization (TSO) for nuclear safety regulation~

sum peak*1 Severe accident: A serious accident involving significant damage to the reactor core.

sum peakThe project “Analysis of Information from Reactor Buildings
and Containment Vessels of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Station (ARC-F),” operated by the Nuclear Safety
Research Center of the Sector of Nuclear Safety Research andEmergency Preparedness, examined 1F accident scenariosand nuclide transport behavior at the 1F, collected andcompiled information obtained from investigations in thereactor building, and contributed to international activities
related to the analysis of the 1F accident. In addition, a new“1F accident information collection and evaluation (FACE)
project” is planned to launch to continue accident analysis in aconstructive manner.

Foundation for Operation

JAEAʼs Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness conducts multifaceted research on the safety of a wide rangeof nuclear facilities, including not only light water reactors but also reprocessing and radioactive waste management facilities, on theeffects of severe accidents*1 (SA) on the public and the environment, and on emergency responses to such accidents. Its research
results are used to develop scientific and effective regulation standards, to investigate the cause of accidents and failures, and toenhance the safety of nuclear facilities.

International joint project of the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development/Nuclear
Energy Agency (OECD/NEA)

Example of analysis of concrete rubble presumed to be from the Unit 3 reactor
building wall

Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/nsrc_neat/ (in Japanese)

Accidents at
Nuclear Facilities

TMI-2 reactor accident(1979.3)

Chernobyl accident(1986.4)

1980

1990

Major achievements 2021

TEPCOʼs Fukushima
Dai-ichi nuclear power
JCO criticality
accident (1999.9) station accident (2011.3)
2000

2010

March 2022
(Present)

2020

Safety research for continuous
safety improvement

Research andDevelopment at
JAEA

Enhancementof research on
environmental
effects ofradiation

Focus on SA
and emergency
response
research

Pillars of research:
Utilization of risk information, emergency
preparedness and response, long-term
operation, and environmental safety

3rd Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period

Summary of results during the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives periodContainment Integral Measurement
Apparatus (CIGMA)

32

Ongoing modification of Static
Experiment Critical Facility (STACY)

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

In order to evaluate the seismic safety of nuclear facilities with higher reliability,
a detailed three-dimensional model that accurately represents the entire
nuclear facility is an effective tool. It is however reported that there are large
differences in the results of different analysis teams even when using similar
methods. JAEA initially investigated and identified important factors affecting
the seismic response to earthquakes, for example non-linear behavior at theboundary between the soil and the building. We then clarified the modelingmethod for each critical factor so as to enable accurate and detailed seismic
analysis using the detailed three-dimensional model. Following confirmation
by external experts, the findings and insights were compiled and madepublicly available as the first standard guideline for the seismic analyticalmethod based on detailed 3D models.
OutcomeOur study is expected to make great contributions to further
risk-informed activities relating to the seismic safety of
nuclear facilities.

Soil

Reactorbuilding

Enlarged view ofreactor building

Example of a detailed three-dimensional model ofa reactor building

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/
p22032502/ (in Japanese)〇 Improving monitoring accuracy for radiation doses from radionuclides accidentally released into
the environment
For more accurate evaluation of air dose rates due to accidental environmental
release of anthropogenic radionuclides, it is necessary to know the backgrounddose rate levels due to naturally occurring radioactive materials. As one related
initiative, we have created a background dose rate map, based on in-situ
gamma-ray spectrometry using portable germanium detectors conducted at 370
locations within an 80-km radius of TEPCOʼs Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power
station. (This is part of the results of the NRA-commissioned project.)
Outcome

Improving the accuracy of radiation monitoring enhances thereliability of monitoring results in areas lightly contaminatedby an accident, and the associated data is expected to be
useful in the evaluation of additional exposure doses fromthe accident.

Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear
power station
Legend: Air kerma rate
due to naturally occurring
radioactive material. (µGy/h)

Measurement: Aug. 6 to Oct. 15, 2020
Background map: Esri Japan Data Content (c) Esri Japan.

Dose rate map (right) created using a portable germanium
detector (left)

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/taesj/
advpub/0/advpub_J20.010/_pdf (in Japanese)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

33

Basic Information

During the period, JAEA focused on research and development activities based on the lessons learned from the 1F accident,
including research on prevention and mitigation of SA, nuclear emergency preparedness and response, external events (earthquake,projectile impact), and detailed technical investigation andanalysis of the 1F accident. Main results are as follows:
Installation of distinctive large-scale experimental equipment
We installed a high-pressure thermal-hydraulic loop
(HIDRA) and a containment integral measurement
apparatus (CIGMA) in the framework of a project
entrusted by the Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA), andused the former to conduct experiments to simulate thethermal hydraulics of a reactor core during an accident
and the latter to investigate the behavior of hot gases in acontainment vessel during an SA.
In addition, in order to obtain data that will contributeto the validation of criticality management methods forthe fuel debris to be removed from 1F, we are modifying
the static critical experiment facility (STACY) undera project entrusted by the NRA, and plan to achieve
criticality in FY2022 and start experiments in FY2023.

〇 Further improvement of the reliability of seismic safety assessment of nuclear facilities using detailed
three-dimensional models

Outcome of Operation

Clariﬁcationof accident
phenomena andstrengtheningof probabilistic
risk assessment
research

Policies for Operation

Technical Supports for Nuclear Safety Regulationand Safety Research for Their Purposes

The cost of this R&D was 2,423 million yen (operations expenses 1,916 million yen and entrusted
expenses 496 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income fromgovernment funding for operational grant (1,232 million yen) and income from research consigned fromthe government (345 million yen). The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss (10million yen) and other administrative costs (30 million yen) to this cost, was 2,463 million yen.

Objectives: Contribute to the Enhancement of Nuclear Safety
Support peaceful use of nuclear energy as a non-nuclear weapon state

Major achievements 2021
~Research and Development to Enhance Nuclear Safety~〇 Holding of “Accident Tolerant Fuel Workshop”
At the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP, melting of the fuels led to a severe
accident (SA). Subsequently, the development of Accident Tolerant Fuels(ATFs), which are expected to reduce SA risk by increasing the coping
time and reducing the rate of hydrogen production under SA conditions,has been actively pursued worldwide.
Effective utilization of existing light water reactors (LWRs) is necessary
in order for nuclear energy to contribute to the achievement of carbon
neutrality. The introduction of ATFs will have a great impact in this respect.
In the United States, for example, the introduction of ATFs is planned in
the 2020s.In March 2022, an information exchange workshop to gather all
the parties related to the development of ATFs was held for the first timein order to enhance nuclear safety through ATF development in Japan.
The status and technical issues of ATF development were presented andnecessary work for the development was discussed.
OutcomeAdvancement of nuclear material measurement and detection
2nd
Mid-Term
2014

2016

2017

2018

2019

The introduction of ATFs is expected to enhance thesafety of LWRs.

March 2022 (Present)

3rd Mid-Term
2015

Foundation for Operation

Within JAEA, the Nuclear Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) conducts research to enhance the safety of nuclear systems using
its technical potential and in line with related policies such as the Japanese Strategic Energy Plan. The NSEC also actively supports
projects on the enhancement of nuclear safety by related authorities and companies and works on the application of its researchoutcomes to JAEAʼs own nuclear systems.
The Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Non-proliferation and Nuclear Security (ISCN) aims to realize a world without
nuclear weapons and nuclear terrorism by further strengthening nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security and by supporting
denuclearization efforts through JAEAʼs technologies and experience.

Policies for Operation

R&D for Improving Nuclear Safety and Activities
that Contribute to Nuclear Non-Proliferation and
Nuclear Security

4th Mid-Term
2020

2021

2022

2023

Nuclear Science and Engineering Center:
https://nsec.jaea.go.jp/ (in Japanese)
https://nsec.jaea.go.jp/ATFWS/index.html (in Japanese)

Active neutron technologies

Information sheet for ATF workshop in March 2022

Nuclear material measurement and detection
using nuclear resonance ﬂuorescence

Wide-area nuclear/radioactive
material detection technologies

3rd Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period

ISCN:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/iscn/index_en.html

Research and Development to Enhance Nuclear Safety• In cooperation with fuel and plant manufacturers and universities, an assessment was carried out of the effect of introducing
Accident Tolerant Fuels (ATFs) into existing nuclear light water reactors (LWRs) in terms of reducing accident risk.
• Various codes for enhancing the safety of LWRs were developed and improved: a two-phase CFD numerical simulation code (TPFIT)
and a three-dimensional thermal-hydraulics analysis code (JUPITER) were developed and released, as well as ECUME, a databasefor the analysis of the fission product chemistry necessary for source term evaluation during a severe accident; the performance ofa filtered containment venting system was evaluated using a developed numerical simulation method based on TPFIT; and ECUME
was incorporated into a severe accident analysis code (SAMPSON).
• Within a knowledge-base program advocated by the Japanese Atomic Energy Commission, a set of technical documents, known as“SA archives,” in which severe accident-related knowledge is compiled systematically, was edited in cooperation with the Federationof Electric Power Companies of Japan, the Japan Electrical Manufacturersʼ Association, and private research organizations.

JAEAʼs ISCN and Nuclear Science and Engineering Center have developed four
different active neutron non-destructive assay (NDA) technologies and contributed totheir advancement. These technologies allow measurement of highly radioactive nuclear
material and detection of concealed illicit nuclear material, both of which are difficult
using the conventional passive NDA techniques. ISCN has also developed a hand-held
nuclide identification tool using a machine-learning algorithm to support preliminary
nuclear forensic investigation. The results of the studies have been widely disclosed andshared with personnel in the nuclear non-proliferation and security fields.

Interrogation
Neutrons

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

s
on
tr

n

eu

ed
lay s
de -rayγ

DGA (Delayed γ-ray Analysis)⇒ ratio of fissile nuclides(235U/ 239Pu/ 241Pu)

NRTA (Neutron ResonanceTransmission Analysis)transmissionof each nuclide
neutrons ⇒ quantity(235,238U, 238,239,241,242Pu)
cap neutr
ture onγ-r
aysOutcome

DDA (Differential Die-away Analysis)⇒ fissile mass (235U, 239,241Pu)

PGA (prompt γ-ray analysis)⇒ detection of explosive, neutron
absorbing, etc. materials(N, As, B etc.)

Multiple Mobile/Low-cost
Detectors

MachineLearning

Exhibition of R&D Products at the Special
Equipment Exhibition & Conference for AntiTerrorism (SEECAT) (October 2021)

HybridGAGG
CZTImprovementin Sensitivity

Hand-held Nuclide Identification Tool
using Machine-Learning Algorithm

Advancement of nuclear material measurement and detection
technologies will further strengthen nuclear non-proliferation andnuclear security.

Participants of the Workshop on Active Neutron
NDA Technology (March 2022)

https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/iscn/
nnp_news/attached/0298.pdf#page=37 (in Japanese)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

35

Basic Information

34

fis

Four Active Neutron NDAs

Online Training Tool using Virtual Tournsio

Activities to Contribute to Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Security• Advanced nuclear material measurement, detection and forensics, adoption of
newly developed code as a tool in Geant-4, a tool-kit to simulate the path ofradiation and particles.
• Improved nuclear test detection capability through stable operation of the
Takasaki and Okinawa monitoring stations, and the xenon laboratories installedat Horonobe and Mutsu by JAEA, based on the Comprehensive Nuclear-TestBan Treaty (CTBT), all of which provide high-quality monitoring data.
• Development of world-first online training courses for nuclear non-proliferationand nuclear security and training provision in Japan and overseas, which hasreceived high evaluation.

Outcome of Operation

Summary of results during the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period~Activities to Contribute to Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Security~〇 Contribution to advancement of nuclear material measurement and detection technologies throughinternational cooperation

Major achievements 2021 ~Basic and Fundamental Research in the Nuclear Field~

The cost of this R&D was 29,660 million yen (operations expenses 29,224 million yen and entrusted
expenses 328 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income fromgovernment funding for operational grant (15,679 million yen) and income from subsidies, etc. (7,479
million yen). The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss (84 million yen) and otheradministrative costs (1,496 million yen) to this cost, was 31,241 million yen.

Objectives: Advance the latest science and technology supporting the use of radiation and atomic
energy and to develop human resources in the nuclear ﬁeld

~To advance the safe use of radiation and atomic energy, to work on the creation of innovative science &technology and new industries, and to develop human resources in the nuclear ﬁeld within and outside Japan~

Sector of Nuclear Science
Research (SNSR)
https://snsr.jaea.go.jp/(in Japanese)
Human Resources“S+3E (Safety, Energy security, Economic
efficiency, and Environment)” in Nuclear Systems

Improved safety and operating
rate for LWRs

Realization of Society 5.0

State-of-the-art nuclear science
Research results

Universities
Societies &associations

AdvancednuclearscienceresearchResearchorganizations

Achievement ofinnovation throughcooperation between
industry, universities,
and government
including in fields
other than nuclear
energyInternationalorganizations

Fundamental
nuclearscienceresearchResearch on
utilization ofneutrons

Overseas researchorganizations
Other sections
within JAEA

Provision ofa knowledge basefor decommissioningof 1F and performing
relatedenvironmental
assessments

Initiatives foropen accessto large-scale
research
facilities and forcommon use of
facilities

Whereas the conventional method uses an electric current and suffers frompower loss due to electric resistivity, the new principle enables manipulation ofmagnetism through electric voltage, which relies on the “topology*” structureof electrons and is insensitive to electric resistivity. This principle of “topology”
will accelerate material development for spintronics.
Outcomehttps://nutec.jaea.go.jp/

International trends in technology

Needs of society

Electric voltage

Contribution to further reduction of power consumption in
the “electric manipulation of magnetism” toward applicationin magnetic memories.

Unaffected by resistivity

Low current,
low power consumption

Issue with heat generation =Power loss

Electric manipulation of magnetism

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/p21122402/〇 Release of JENDL-5, the latest version of JENDLJENDL-5, the latest version of JENDL (Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data
Library), was released in December 2021. Nuclear data are necessary for thenumerical simulation of nuclear reactors and various uses of radiation. As a large
amount of nuclear data on light to heavy nuclides in various forms of radiation(protons, alpha-rays and so on in addition to neutrons) have been revised andadded, JENDL-5 has become one of the most reliable libraries in the world.

Decommissioning,

Reactor safety Reduction ofradioactive wastes
Medical,Aerospace
Advanced nuclear
science
Simulation & Validation

Outcome

Various contributions are expected to the enhancementof nuclear safety, as well as to R&D on radiation-related
issues in emerging areas including medical and aerospace
applications.

Innovative reactors

The Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library, JENDL

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/
p21122701/ (in Japanese)

In order to open new horizons for the use of radiation and atomic energy, a broad range of R&D such as basic and fundamental
nuclear research, advanced nuclear science research, and science research using neutrons and synchrotron radiation was advanced
within the SNSR.
• Many scientifically important research outcomes were achieved, such as findings in the chemistry of superheavy elements that werecovered in an issue of the journal Nature.
• Research on resolving social problems and meeting various needs within and outside JAEA was conducted. For example, a technology
for the partitioning and transmutation of radioactive waste led to the foundation of a start-up company for resource recycling.
• The research reactor JRR-3 has resumed operation and use by external users, and J-PARC established the prospect of stable beam
operation with a power of 1 MW.

It has been discovered that fluctuations in the higher-order structure ofproteins, called domain structure, control the local molecular structure thatserves as the reaction field for catalysts. This achievement shows that thehierarchical structure of protein molecules and its fluctuations provide animportant perspective in the molecular design of functional catalysts.
Outcome

Expected contributions to the field of chemical engineering,
including the development of functional foods andpharmaceuticals.

Scientific research using neutrons andsynchrotron radiation

Open-closed motion ofwhole structure

Outcome of Operation

Summary of results during the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period

Activities toachieve innovation

Electric
current〇 Elucidation of hierarchical and dynamical structure of proteins revealed by neutron scattering andcomputational science(in Japanese)

Scientifically importantresearch outcomes(Topological Hall torque)
Anomalous velocity(in Japanese)

Development in the
Nuclear Field

New mechanism

Conventional mechanism(Spin-transfer torque)
Magnetization

Manipulation ofmagnetization* Topology: The way the parts of something are organized or connected, especially inshape. Electrons can be “twisted” or “spiral” in shape.

Disposal of highly
radioactive waste

Wide-ranging R&D related tonuclear science & technology

Industry〇 New principle for significant reduction of power consumption in spintronics ̶ Approach to material
development for “electric manipulation of magnetism”

Foundation for Operation

A wide range of research anddevelopment to advance the safeuse of radiation and atomic energy
and to provide fundamental support
to atomic energy development isconducted, mainly by the Sector of
Nuclear Science Research (SNSR).
A broad range of humanresources development in the
nuclear field is undertaken, mainlyby the Nuclear Human Resource
Development Center (NuHRDeC).

Policies for Operation

Basic and Fundamental Research and Human
Resources Development in the Nuclear Field

Local structural change

Fluctuation of protein domain structure andits local structural change

https://msrc.jaea.go.jp/jp/ (in Japanese)〇 Significant reduction of measurement time by noise-reducing method based on deep learning

Heat sinkCompression
Colossal
barocaloric effectmaterial

Frontline discovery in the science ofsuperheavy elements

36Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Foundation of a start-up company
based on emulsion flow technology

Decompression

OutcomeEndoergic
reaction

Refrigerator

Report on “colossal barocaloric effects”(published in the journal Nature)

Expected contribution through improved time resolution to
the research and development of new thin-film devices andadhesive technologies that change structure in a short time.

Input data

Data with short acquisition time

Training data

Reducing statistical noise

Basic Information

Heat release

We have developed a method to remove the large statistical noise from theneutron reflectometry data obtained in a short acquisition time. With a deeplearning method based on one million data items on reflection profiles, thetrue signal behind the large noise can be accurately extracted. As a result, theacquisition time is reduced to 1/10 or less without compromising the accuracyof the analysis.

Deep learning

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/
p21120801/ (in Japanese)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

37

In order to develop nuclear human resources in Japan and abroad, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) conducts collaborative
projects with universities and technical colleges, pursues activities through the Japan Nuclear Human Resource Development
Network, and offers international training, in which activities the Nuclear Human Resource Development Center plays a central
role. Although continuously affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in FY2021, we progressed with training programs by utilizing theexperience we had gained in the previous fiscal year, taking advantage of online lecture formats, and taking measures to prevent the
spread of infection.

Industry/government
practitioners, students

Mainly Asian
overseas nationals

International training courses(Instructor training)
Domestic training courses (Engineer
training/training for national certification)

Integrated Support Center
for Nuclear Nonproliferation
and Nuclear Security (ISCN)

Training in specific fields:
Decommissioning, robots,
etc.

Sector of Nuclear
Science Research

Sector of Nuclear Fuel,
Decommissioning and Waste
Management Technology
Development
Training in specific fields:
Technical training course on
MOX fuel, etc

Technical training courses
on handling sodium, etc.

Sector of Tsuruga
Decommissioning
Demonstration

Sector of Nuclear
Safety Research andEmergency Preparedness

Training in specific fields:
Decommissioning, etc.

Training on nuclear
disaster response, etc.

241 students

1 student accepted, 51 lecturers dispatched

13 students accepted, 159 lecturers/instructors dispatched・Student Acceptance System

44 special research students, 60 student trainees, 213 summer intern trainees

Students in practical training exercise

Initiatives targeting practitioners in industry and government and students in higher education

JAEA serves as the secretariat of the Nuclear Human Resource Development Network (84 participating institutions), which promotes
human resource development activities through collaboration among Japanʼs industry, academia and government.

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Advanced Science
Research Center

Materials Sciences
Research Center

In order to respond scientifically tovarious social demands and to create
innovative technology for better use of
nuclear energy, the Nuclear Science andEngineering Center conducts basic andfundamental R&D on nuclear science andreactor engineering, fuels and materials
engineering, nuclear chemistry, andenvironment and radiation sciences.

The Advanced Science Research Centerpromotes leading-edge nuclear science
research on advanced actinide nuclear
science and advanced nuclear materials
science, which has the greatest academic
and technological impact, aiming todiscover novel principles and phenomena,
create new materials, and generateinnovative technologies.

The Materials Science Research Centerpromotes research and development onmaterials science and nuclear science,
which have high scientific significanceand relevance to social needs, by utilizing
state-of-the-art structural and functional
analysis tools based on neutrons (J-PARC,
JRR-3, etc.) and synchrotron radiation(SPring-8, etc.).

The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) consists of a series of world-class proton accelerators and experimental
facilities that produce a variety of secondary-particle beams which are put to use in a wide range of fields from basic science toindustrial application in partnership with many research institutes and companies. While conducting research and development for
the upgrading of the facility, in fiscal year 2021 we provided users with a stable supply of the worldʼs highest-intensity pulsed neutron
beams generated by proton beams with a power of 700 kW for 151 days.
Materials and Life Science
Experimental Facility

Neutrino Experimental Facility

Linac

Hadron Experimental Facility

3 GeV Synchrotron

30 GeV Synchrotron

High-Intensity Proton Accelerator Facility Project, J-PARC

Operational availability
Maintenance period

4

6

8

10

12

2

Operational history of neutron source in FY2021

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

39

Basic Information<Achievements>
・Japan-IAEA Nuclear Energy Management School in cooperation with the IAEA... A school for young experts from Japan and other countries to discuss and learn about nuclear issues. Held virtually, 20
participants from Japan and 9 overseas countries.
・Capacity Building Course for Young Nuclear Professionals... A course for young Japanese nuclear professionals focusing on improving English proficiency. Held virtually, 14 participants.
・Webinars to support international success... A webinar to encourage young people to engage in international participation through exposure to the experiences andmessages of Japanese citizens who have worked in international organizations or are internationally active. Held 4 times.

38

Nuclear Science andEngineering Center

J-PARC Center・Cooperation with the Nuclear Professional School of the University of Tokyo...

An institute and centers for basic and fundamental nuclear researchof the Sector of Nuclear Science Research

Outcome of Operation*1 Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanazawa University, University of Fukui, Okayama University, Ibaraki University, Osaka University, Nagoya University...

TOPICS

The Nuclear Science Research Institute has research reactors and facilities for safe handling of radioactive substances and is a basefor conducting research and development that makes effective use of these facilities.

JAEA promotes cooperation with universities and technical colleges to develop future nuclear human resources. Together withseven national universities*1, JAEA forms the Japan Nuclear Education Network, which conducts a Nuclear Engineering Basic Course
through distance education. In addition, JAEA accepts students and dispatches lecturers under various schemes.

...

JAEA has worked routinely on training instructors in the field of nuclear energy in Asian countries, but in order to develop instructors
with an even higher level of expertise, the Advanced Instructor Training Course was launched in FY2021. This course covers moreadvanced and specialized content than the above-mentioned Instructor Training Course. Through this program, we aim to further
contribute to the development of nuclear science and technology and the improvement of nuclear safety in Asian countries.

Nuclear Science Research InstituteCollaboration with Universities

・Cooperation under agreement of the Collaborative Graduate School System

Launching a New Program -Advanced Instructor Training Course

Sector of Fast Reactor
and Advanced Reactor
Research and Development〇 Domestic Human Resources Development Activities<Achievements>

10 courses (133 participants from 10 countries)

Training in specificfields: Seminars on
nanotechnology, etc.

Training on nuclear nonproliferation,
safeguarding, nuclear security, etc.

・Nuclear Engineering Basic Course of the Japan Nuclear Education Network ...

・Training course for engineers in Asian countries ...

Foundation for Operation

Japan Nuclear Human Resource Development
Network (Collaborative human resource development
activities with industry, academia & government)

Sector of Fukushima
Research and Development

JAEA enrolled trainees from Asian countries and held online Instructor Training Courses and seminars which incorporated practical
exercises and facility tours. A questionnaire survey of the trainees showed excellent results illustrated for instance by the commentthat “the online practical exercise was very good.” In addition, lecture support for training courses in Asian countries was conducted
online from Japan.

Availability [%]Universities/
technical colleges

Collaborative projects with universities/
technical colleges (Accepting students &dispatching lecturers/instructors)

Human Resource
Development
Projects by
SectorInternational Training Courses (Instructor Training Course)

Beam Power [kW]

Nuclear Human Resource
Development Center〇 Cooperation for Human Resources Development Activities Overseas

Policies for Operation~Human Resources Development in the Field of Nuclear Energy~ Major achievements 2021

The cost of this R&D was 17,535 million yen (operations expenses 13,074 million yen and entrusted
expenses 4,458 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income fromgovernment funding for operational grant (10,219 million yen) and income from research consigned fromthe government (4,399 million yen). The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss (39million yen) and other administrative costs (660 million yen) to this cost, was 18,239 million yen.

Objectives: Realize environment-friendly reactors with high levels of safety ~R&D on advanced reactors,
including fast reactors and high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, and nuclear fuel cycle technologies~*1 Nuclear proliferation resistance refers to the ability to prevent the diversion of
nuclear materials to military purposes and ensure the peaceful use of nuclear
energy. Specifically, in reprocessing, plutonium is extracted in a form (mixture)that is difficult to divert to nuclear weapons.

April 2015
Medium-/LongTerm Plan

Fast reactor“Strategic
Roadmap”

2nd
Mid-Term

December 2018
Adoption of“Strategic Roadmap”

2024

Efforts to resume operation of experimental reactor “Joyo”

Narrowing-down
and prioritization

2024

2030

Development of technologies necessary
for carbon-free hydrogen production

Promotion of international collaboration utilizing HTTR,
which produces worldʼs highest heat of 950 C
Establishment of carbon-free hydrogen production technology using
high-temperature heat (IS process, Pyrolysis of methane, etc.)

Demonstrationof connection
between carbonfree hydrogenproduction
facility and hightemperature gascooled reactor
Demonstration
required forpractical application
scale

Targeting an innovative common fuel manufacturing technology for the various
fuel specifications of advanced reactors, we have developed a fuel manufacturing
technology based on 3D printing. In addition to manufacturing MOX-simulated
fuel with the aim of downsizing the fuel manufacturing facility for sodium-cooled
fast reactors (SFR), we have established good technical prospects both for the
fabrication of functionally graded silicon carbide and graphite materials that
improve the oxidation resistance of the fuel used in high-temperature gas-cooled
reactors (HTGR), and for an integrated manufacturing technology able to pack
TRISO fuel particles*3 at high density into the reactorʼs fuel element.
Outcome3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period

Summary of results during the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period
In order to achieve technology demonstration of a fast reactor, JAEA progressed with R&D in line with the “National Strategic
Roadmap”, advancing technological basis development, including an advanced evaluation approach called ARKADIA, and codesand standards. JAEA also promoted R&D on high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and heat utilization technology and achieved thefollowing results:• A conceptual design was built for a pool-type sodium-cooled fast reactor with enhanced
anti-seismic features and 3D seismic isolation technology was developed.
• Japan-France collaboration on the sodium-cooled fast reactor development began undera new Implementing Arrangement (December 2019).
• JAEA promoted Japan-U.S. collaboration on sodium-cooled fast reactors which
contribute to the achievement of carbon neutrality.

HTTR

40

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

jp/index.html (in Japanese)• Restart of HTTR (July 2021)• First success of 150 hours of continuous hydrogen production in
the world using IS process facility composed of practical industrial
materials (January 2019)• Launch of cooperation through conclusion of agreements between
Japan and Poland and between Japan and the United Kingdom.

The project is expected to contribute to improving theflexibility and reducing the cost of SFR and HTGR fuelmanufacture and to achieving qualitative improvement offuel safety features in the event of an accident.

CAD design
data of packed
spherical fuelparticles

input printing

3D ceramic
printer

Printed graphite
fuel elementwith higher fuelparticle packing
fraction than withconventional
methods

Outline of innovative fuel fabrication by 3D additive
manufacturing*3 TRISO fuel particles are spherical fuel particles approximately 1 mm in diameter consisting of an innermost uranium kernel coated with three
sequential layers of silicon carbide and graphite. TRISO fuel integrity is maintained even at high temperatures of up to 1,600 C.

〇 Activities of GIF chairman and his group for generation IV reactor development
As the chairing country of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF), a
framework for international cooperation involving members such as Japan, theU.S., and European countries that develops Generation IV reactors (fast reactors
and advanced reactors), JAEA promoted R&D cooperation and disseminationof GIF results, including international standardization of safety design, market
attractiveness enhancement, and advanced manufacturing technologies.
Furthermore, JAEA joined with GIF participating countries to promote thedemonstration and deployment of Generation IV reactor technologies byemphasizing their contribution to the realization of carbon neutrality throughcollaboration with CEM NICE Future*4 and proposals to COP26.
Outcome

JAEA contributed to strengthening international
collaboration and promoting the importance of new reactor
development to the world.

GIF site (JAEAʼs summary)

Basic Information

A new Implementing Arrangement was
signed between Japan and France.

https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/o-arai/nhc/

Outcome of Operation

International collaboration through bilateral/
multilateral collaboration
Development of continuous hydrogenproduction technology (IS method)

Control room at time of restart〇 Innovative Fuel Manufacturing Technology Based on 3D Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing)
Development of plan to start fast
reactor operation

Efforts to provide basic technology and infrastructure

Tests to conﬁrm “inherent
safety” using HTTR

This project is expected to demonstrate the inherent safety
features of HTGRs. It is also expected to contribute to theinternational standardization of safety standards that reflect
the particular safety features of HTGRs and to strengthen theinternational competitiveness of Japanʼs HTGR technology,
both of which are necessary for commercialization.

*2 High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor: Advanced reactor with excellent safety features, such as the high heat resistance of the fuel particles, which arecoated with four layers of silicon carbide and other materials; the use of graphite as the core inner structural material; and the chemical inertness of thehelium gas used as coolant.
4th Mid-Term

2021
Adoption of Green
Growth Strategy

HighTemperature
Gas-cooled
Reactor (HTGR)Green Growth
Strategy ThroughAchieving Carbon
Neutrality in 2050

OutcomeResearch and Development

March 2022
(Present)

Restartof HTTRThe High-Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) at the Oarai
Research and Development Institute, which had been shut down for periodic
inspections since January 2011, passed the new regulatory requirements
established after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
and was licensed on June 3, 2020. The HTTR restarted on July 30, 2021, after
completing the necessary safety measures. In January 2022, the worldʼs firsttest simulating the loss of cooling performance due to an all-station blackout
was conducted under the international joint research project “Loss Of Forced
Cooling (LOFC) test” at the OECD/NEA and confirmed the inherent highsafety features of HTGR*2.

https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/sefard/ (in Japanese)

Promotion of multi-technology competition

Compliance withnew regulatory standards〇 Restart of High-Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) and conduct of LOFC test

Sector of Fast Reactor and Advanced Reactor

3rd Mid-Term

R&D utilizing international
collaboration to improve safety
and reliability and establish
technological basis.

Major achievements 2021

Foundation for Operation

In order to establish a sustainable energy system, JAEA engages in research and development on advanced reactors, including
fast reactors and high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, as well as on the nuclear fuel cycle, with the aim of improving safety andreliability, economic efficiency, and the proliferation resistance*1 of nuclear energy systems.
JAEA aims to pave the way for the commercialization of safe and innovative reactor systems, including nuclear fuel cycle technologies
and heat utilization systems, which will enable the achievement of greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, secure stable energy supply,
and reduce environmental impact. In addition, we promote research and development based on ʻseeds and needsʼ within and outside of
JAEA, including the decommissioning of nuclear facilities and the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste.

Policies for Operation

R&D on Fast Reactors and Advanced Reactors

https://gif.jaea.go.jp/material/kit/
index_eng.html*4 CEM NICE Future is an initiative to promote international cross-sectoral dialogue on the role of nuclear energy as a clean energy source (Clean
Energy Ministerial Nuclear Innovation Clean Energy Future).

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

41

The cost of this R&D was 49,506 million yen (operations expenses 46,490 million yen and entrusted
expenses 2,686 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income fromgovernment funding for operational grant (34,792 million yen) and income from contribution for treatment
and disposal of waste (6,151 million yen). The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss
(797 million yen) and other administrative costs (742 million yen) to this cost, was 51,060 million yen.

Objectives: Contribute to the deepening of reprocessing and MOX fuel technologies and thedevelopment of technical infrastructure for ﬁnal disposal

Sector of Nuclear Fuel, Decommissioning and Waste

Major achievements 2021
〇 Development of “SELECT” separation process
To reduce the radiotoxicity and volume of waste, we have been engaged in the development ofpartitioning and transmutation technology. In the separation process for minor actinides (MAs),
MAs with long half-life and high radiotoxicity are separated from high-level liquid waste. The
separated MAs are then transmuted into short-lived or stable nuclides by fast reactors and/or
accelerator-driven systems. At the Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, we synthesized
novel extractants to reduce the volume of waste generated by the separation. By using thenovel extractants, we developed a process called SELECT that realizes reprocessing and theseparation of MAs, which were successfully recovered from genuine high-level liquid waste.
OutcomeHandling of an experimental apparatus
installed in a concrete cell

The obtained results are expected to contribute to the rationalization of final
disposal by reducing the radiotoxicity and volume of high-level waste.

https://www.jaea.
go.jp/02/press2019/

Foundation for Operation

Japanʼs basic policy is to promote the nuclear fuel cycle, in which spent fuel is reprocessed and the recovered plutonium and othermaterials are used effectively in order to promote the effective utilization of resources and reduce the volume and radiotoxicity ofhigh-level radioactive waste. To support this policy, JAEA is developing technologies for spent fuel reprocessing and fuel fabricationand conducting research on reducing the volume and radiotoxicity of radioactive waste.
Furthermore, JAEA is conducting basic research and development of geological disposal technology for high-level radioactive
waste in order to promote measures for the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste generated from the use of nuclear energy.

Policies for Operation

R&D Related to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, such as
Reprocessing, Fuel Manufacturing and Treatment
and Disposal of Radioactive Waste

p19042401/(in Japanese)〇 Discovery of the principles determining the transmissivity of deep underground fractures

Management Technology Development:

AEC “Radioactive Waste
Processing and Disposal
Measures (Interim
Report)” (1984）
Implementation
1980

Publication of“Nationwide Map ofScientiﬁc Features for
Geological Disposal”(July 2017)

Establishment“Speciﬁed Radioactive of NUMO as
Waste Final Disposal Act” Implementing（2000）Organization (2000)
1990

2000

JAEAʼs R&D
activities

2010

2020

Initiation of Literature
Survey by NUMO
(November 2020)
March 2022 (Present)
Synthesizing of research results during 3rd
Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period (March
2022: Publication of CoolRepR4 on website)

Fundamental research and development (R&D)

Second Progress Report“Technical reliability”(1999)

Publication of Synthesis Report
on R&D concerning Important
Issues in Underground ResearchLaboratory Projects (March 2020)

Continuation of fundamental R&D in“Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory
project for FY2020 and subsequent years” etc.

3rd Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period

Summary of results during the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period
The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories has conducted technological development related to spent fuel reprocessing
and fuel fabrication during the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period. In addition, the decommissioning plan for the Tokai
Reprocessing Plant was formulated and approved by the government and the steady implementation of decommissioning anddevelopment of related technologies was promoted.
Regarding the studies on reducing the radiotoxicity and volume of high-level radioactive waste, we developed a separation process
called SELECT and contributed significantly toward its practical application. In terms of the research and development of geologicaldisposal technology, we have demonstrated that it is possible to construct and operate underground facilities at depths greater thanthe 300 m required by law for final disposal facilities (see figure below right). Our advanced scientific achievements will provide thetechnical basis for the implementation of geological disposal by the government and the implementing organization (NUMO).
Horonobe UndergroundResearch Center

Dissolution solutionof spent fuelMonoamide
Recovery of U and Pu

Mizunami UndergroundResearch Laboratory* At Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory,
the underground facilities had been backfilled andsurface facilities removed by January 16, 2022.

Separation of
Am and Cm

A conceptual image of SELECT process

42

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Formation C
Formation D
Formation A-F

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/p21120601/ (in Japanese)〇 Development of estimation method of radionuclide migration behavior in rocks deep undergroundEstimation of radionuclide migration behavior isrequired for the safety assessment of geologicaldisposal. JAEA developed a new estimation
method for radionuclide migration behavior indeep underground rock based on comparison
between in-situ and laboratory experiments in aninternational collaboration project with Sweden.
Outcome

The estimation method is
expected to contribute toreliable safety assessment.

Multi-barrier andradionuclide
migration

Overpack(SteelVitrifiedwaste container)(Glass)Host
rock

Sorption
Diffusion

Test at deep underground（In-situ experiment）〇 Data acquisition at deep
underground△ Difficulty in controlling
conditions

test boreholeeaarBuffer(Bentonite)

Groundwater

Radionuclide
releaseEstimationof migration
behavior at deep
underground fromlaboratory data

Laboratory test

〇 Data acquisition invarious conditions and ofradionuclides△ Different condition fromthe deep underground
cutting

Diffusion test

crushing
Sorption
test

Basic Information*Fission Products

Am Cm

Formation B

Roles of in-situ and laboratory experiments in model development and data acquisition forradionuclide migration in host rocks

Rare earths

Alkyl diamide amine

Formation A

Relationship between Ductility Index (DI) and transmissivity of fracture

st

FPs*
Separation of rareearths from MA

Constant
relation with DI*1 Ductility Index (DI): Force applied to rock divided by tensile strength of rock.
*2 Transmissivity: Ease of water flow.

te

Recovery of MA (Am,Cm) and rare earths

Nitrilotriacetamide

Converting
vertical axis
from depth
to DI

Elements to be
separated
U, Pu

Diglycolamide

The discovery of the principles is expected
to allow more efficient understanding of thetransmissivity of subsurface fractures withfewer borehole investigations.

Transmissivity offracture (m2/s)

Outcome of Operation

First Progress Report“Technical feasibility”(1992)

Extractants

OutcomeTransmissivity offracture (m2/s)
Ductility Index (DI)Milestones in HLW Disposal Program

We analyzed borehole data from six different geologicalformations in Japan and overseas to determine the causesof depth-dependent differences in the ease of water flow in
fractures, and found that a combination of three factors ̶ theforce applied to the rock, its hardness, and the degree ofinterlocking of the fractures ̶ universally determines the upper
limit of the ease of water flow in fractures.

Depth (m)https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/backend/ (in Japanese)

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/p21121501/ (in Japanese)

Excavated
An image diagram of Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory* andHoronobe Underground Research Center

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

43

The cost of this R&D was 28,594 million yen (operations expenses 28,528 million yen), and the income
recorded as funding for the R&D included income from government funding for operational grant(26,464 million yen). The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss (33,251 million yen)and other administrative costs (846 million yen) to this cost, was 62,696 million yen.

Objectives: Completion of Decommissioning of Fugen and Monju~Promotion of development of decommissioning technology by gathering domestic andinternational expertise and promotion of safe and efﬁcient operations~

Policies for Operation

Activities for Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning
Demonstration

Major achievements 2021
〇 Promotion of reuse of clearance material to establish a clearance system
At Fugen, we are going forward with radioactivity measurement and evaluation for clearance of the very low-radioactivity metal
generated by the dismantling and demolition. These materials have undergone the radioactivity measurement and evaluation
method approval required for the classification of clearance material.
As part of a national project to establish a clearance system we are also working with local companies in Fukui Pref., metal
fabricators, and electric power companies. In January 2022, approximately 4.6 tons of clearance materials were for the first time
shipped out for reuse to metal fabricators in Fukui Pref. and are being processed into metal materials (ingots).

Foundation for Operation

With utmost priority given to safety assurance, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency has worked on the decommissioning of “Fugen” and“Monju” mainly conducted through the Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning Demonstration in line with the decommissioning plans.
We are now steadily moving forward with the decommissioning: full-scale dismantling of the reactor peripheral equipment
is in progress at Fugen while the fuel unloading operation is proceeding on schedule at Monju.
Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning Demonstration:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/haishisochi/ (in Japanese)Radioactivity measurement for clearance

Decommissioning Schedule of Fugen

Decommissioning Schedule of Monju

March 2022 (Present)

2nd Mid-Term

3rd Mid-Term(FY) 2007

2017

Decontamination of heavy
water/helium systems, etc.

4th Mid-Term

2022

Dismantling of reactor
peripheral equipment

5th Mid-Term

2031 - 2033
Dismantling ofreactor3rd Mid-Term(FY)

Dismantlingof reactor
building

4th - 7th Mid-Term2018 - 2022
Fuel unloading

Discharge & transfer ofheavy water/tritium removal· Discharge & transfer of heavy
water completed (FY2014)· Tritium removal
completed（FY2017）· Dismantling of main components inturbine building (incl. condensers,
excl. turbine generator)

OutcomeMarch 2022 (Present)

Programs
Dismantling of reactor

Decommissioning I

Decommissioning II

Spent fuel transfer

2026*Conclusion of spent fuel transfer preparation contract

Dismantling andremoval of reactor
building

3rd Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period

Summary of results during the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period* The clearance system is a system that enables materials with extremely low levels of radioactivity and negligible healtheffects, which “do not need to be treated as radioactive waste”, to be reused or disposed of as industrial waste.

〇 Safe progress of fuel unloading operation at Monju

Progress of fuel unloading operation at Monju
FY2018(start ofdecommissioning)

July 2021

Reactor vessel

370

124

0

Ex-vessel storage
tank

160

0

0

Spent fuel pool

0

406

530

OutcomeUnderwater laser cutting test

Fuel handling machine
In-vessel fueltransfer machine

It is expected that the accumulation oftechnologies related to the fuel unloading
operation will enhance operational safety,
promote decommissioning as planned, andbe reflected in the development of future fast
breeder reactors.

①②

Spent fuel transfer
machineSpent fuel
pool

Na

Na

Ex-vessel spent
fuel tank
Reactor vessel

Ex-vessel fueltransfer machine

Underwater spent fuel storage
systemSpent fuel cleaning system(sodium removal)

Fuel assemblies
stored in sodium

Fuel assemblies
stored underwater

Underwatertransfer car

Fuel unloading operation①②: Fuel transfer
Remove fuels from reactor
vessel and transfer to EVST
: Fuel treatment
Remove fuels from EVST,
wash off adhered sodium inspent fuel cleaning system,and transfer to spent fuelpool for storage

https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/monju/fuel_removal/ (in Japanese)〇 Monju sodium to be exported to the United Kingdom from FY2028
Development of remote laser cutting
technology at Fugen
Ex-vessel fuel transfer machine

It is scheduled that the treatment and disposal of the approximately 1,665 metric tons of sodium maintained at Monju will be
included in the Decommissioning Plans and be approved prior to the commencement of the 2nd phase (Preparation for dismantlingof sodium components).
To this end, we have assessed a number of domestic and international options from points of view such as technical andregulatory feasibility and economic viability. As a result, we have selected the option of having the sodium processed into sodiumhydroxide in the United Kingdom and reused for industrial purposes. Based on this option, JAEA and a U.K.-based company signed amemorandum of understanding describing basic agreements between the parties on sodium treatment in December 2021.
We will make arrangements with the U.K. company for the implementation of the project and prepare for future sodium transport.
Our progress will contribute to the reduction of the risks related to sodium storage on site and the realization of anearly start on the dismantling of relevant facilities.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

45

Basic Information

Fuel unloading operation at Monju

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

FY2022 (scheduled
completion of fuelunloading work)

Apart from those in the table, there are two further assemblies transferred in the pastand currently stored in the spent fuel pool.

Outcome44

Fuel unloading operation

Outcome of Operation

3rd Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period

At Fugen, dismantling of the A loop piping was completed in FY2020 and subsequent
work on the B loop is in progress. We are also preparing for spent fuel (SF) transfer by
manufacturing transport casks.
In addition, we developed the laser cutting technology necessary for the underwater
dismantling of the nuclear reactor, despite the lack of an operational precedent, and madesteady progress in other efforts, such as starting the operation of a clearance system* fordismantled materials. Furthermore, after confirming that the SF was sufficiently cooled,
we obtained approval, for the first time in Japan, to cease operation of the heat removal
system from the pool where the SF is stored.
Monju was the first sodium-cooled fast reactor in Japan to receive approval for its
decommissioning plan.

We are currently carrying out verification and studies to establish a process for the transport of clearance material
from nuclear facilities and its safe reuse. These activities are expected to contribute to the establishment of apublicly recognized clearance system.

At Monju, the fuel unloading operation commenced in FY2018 with a completion target of FY2022. In FY2021, we safely completed
the treatment of 146 fuel assemblies previously removed from the reactor vessel and transferred to the ex-vessel storage tank, and406 of the 530 spent fuel assemblies have been transferred to the spent fuel pool. We are also compiling our findings and results tocontribute to the design of operation and maintenance technologies in the future development of fast breeder reactors.

Preparation forDismantling anddismantling of sodium removal of sodium
components
components
Dismantling and removal of power
generators in water-steam systems

Dismantlingof reactor
building

Processed metal materials (ingots)

2023 - 2047
Preparation for
dismantling

Fuel unloading
Dismantling of reactor
peripheral equipment

Storage of materials after measurement

TOPICS

JAEAʼs Budget Structure and Research Facilities(1) Self-Assessment and Administrative Cost in FY2021

The outcome of operations in FY2021 and the resources required are presented on P.30 to P.45. Here, wewould like to additionally explain the characteristic features of the composition of JAEAʼs operations andthe resources required.
JAEA has large-scale nuclear facilities and works to create the unique research results that only JAEA can produce using these facilities.
JAEA has sites all over Japan, among which the main nuclear facilities are HTTR, which was successfully restarted in FY2021, JRR-3,
the Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR), and “Joyo.” Operating and maintaining these facilities with top priority on safety requires
operating and maintenance costs and safety measure costs. Examples of operating and maintenance costs are presented below.

A

7,960
million yen

4. R&D for improving nuclear safety and activities that contribute to nuclear non-proliferationand nuclear security

S

2,463
million yen

5. Basic and fundamental research and human resources development in the nuclear fieldS

31,241
million yen

6. R&D on fast reactors and advanced reactors

A

18,239million yen

7. R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as reprocessing, fuel manufacturing and treatment
and disposal of radioactive waste

A

51,060
million yen

8. Activities for sector of Tsuruga decommissioning demonstration

A

62,696
million yen

9. Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government collaboration and secure the trust ofsocietyA

4,009
million yen

131.9

10. Promotion of rationalization and efficiency of operations

B

― 2)

2.0

11. Budget (including estimate of personnel expenses), revenues and expenditure plan,
financing plan

B

― 2)

12. Establishment of effective and efficient management system

A

― 2)

• Treatment costs of spent fuel • Dismantling costs of reactor peripheral facilities • Retained earnings for waste disposal costs
3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan
■ General costs such as general administration costs ■ Personnel costs■ Equipment maintenance costs・Supplies expense ■ Operating and maintenance costs■ Decommissioning costs ■ Safety measure costs
Special account budget for reconstruction(¥ billion)

120
HTTR

10.2
10.7

100

Joyo

60

40

STACY

2.2

132.1
2.0

2.8

8.6

13.8

10.6

12.7

12.7

11.9

15.1

18.6

20.5

20.3

21.4

2.5

2) The administrative costs recorded for this item consist of costs for other items and costs common to the corporation (4,738 million yen).

49.7
46.7

80

NSRR

132.4

3.3
10.5

JRR-3

129.6

41.6

39.8

39.7

40.5

40.6

6.9

7.0

7.0

6.5

6.5

38.3

38.6

38.3

38.4

38.0

6.9
6.6
45.2

39.0

Total

Fiscal year

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Rating

B

B

B

B

A

A

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

14.7

13.5

12.6

12.0

11.7

11.6

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021 (FY)2016 Transfer of partial operations to National Institutes for Quantum Science andTechnology

Government funding for operational grantReasons for rating

2021

As shown in the evaluation of the entire corporation, the results and initiatives arising from the corporationʼsactivities were comprehensively considered in light of the objectives and operations of the Japanese National
Research and Development Agencies, the Medium-/Long-Term Objectives, etc. As a result, JAEA wasrecognized as having attained marked achievements and the expectation of future results in its efforts for
maximization of research and development outcomes under adequate, effective and efficient management*.

Basic Information

J-PARC
Examples of large-scale research facilities

17.2

200,791
million yen(2) Overall Ratings of Past Fiscal Years by Competent Ministers within the present Medium-/Long-Term Objectives Periods

200Outcome of Operation

3. Technical supports for nuclear safety regulation and safety research for their purposes

Examples of decommissioning costs

132.0

― 1)

A

18,386
million yen

In addition, various nuclear facilities are moving to the decommissioning stage. Therefore, we are progressing with decommissioning
based on the Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan for JAEA Facilities formulated in 2017 (P.14). The decommissioning of largescale nuclear facilities such as Monju, Fugen and the Tokai Reprocessing Plant can reduce overall costs, but the decommissioning
process itself requires a large expenditure. The decommissioning budget has increased under the 3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan.
Decommissioning is an urgent issue and one of JAEAʼs main operational tasks.

129.4

1. Safety assurance and nuclear security

A• Construction costs for tsunami countermeasures • Costs of seismic strengthening work
• Installation of water supply and power feeding system • Updating of aged piping equipment140

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html (in Japanese)

2. R&D pertaining to the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power
StationExamples of safety measure costs

143.7
3.8

Operational Results Report:

1) This item includes content realized by implementation of other items and amounts recorded as administrative costs are as recorded for thoseother items.

Many safety measures to meet the new standard have been introduced since the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011.
Measures to deal with aging facilities have also been pursued to prevent a nuclear disaster.

160

Keeping in mind that the objective of national research and development agencies is achievement of both “maximization of R&D
results” and “appropriate, effective, and efficient operating,” JAEA conducted self-assessment of its performance in FY2021.
This rating was based on the Guidelines for Evaluation of Incorporated Administrative Agencies (decided by the Ministerof Internal Affairs and Communications on September 2, 2014, last revised on March 12, 2019).

Foundation for Operation

Examples of operating and maintenance costs• Maintenance and inspection costs • Utility costs • Fuel production costs • Operation to manage negative-pressure• Installation and maintenance of nuclear material protection systems

46

Policies for Operation

Results of Self-Assessment and Administrative
Cost by Segment in FY2021
Results of Ministerial Evaluation for Past Years* Extract from the Evaluation of FY2020 Operating Results of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (2021, Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, Nuclear Regulation Authority)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

47

Balance SheetBalance Sheet: https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese)

Item
Current assets
Cash and deposits (*1)
Securities

FY2021

FY2020Item

225,148

229,067

139,246

178,101−

30,608(¥ million)

Nuclear materials

5,907

5,947

Others49,38745,019FY2021−

16,321

Reserves

13,281

9,852

Others43,92442,285

336,460

303,613

Fixed liabilities
Fixed assets

FY2021

68,458Debt from government
funding for operational grant585,704

552,839

Asset-offsetting liabilities

134,572

125,797

Starting balance of fiscal year–727

–4,153–2,725Acquisition of fixed assets

1,078

4,847

Disposition/sale of fixed assets

–343

–972

–6,062–6,630

Impairment of fixed assets

–142

–229

Others

1,315

259

9,343

2,076

II. Change of capital surplus in fiscal year

Depreciation

Reserves

164,570

143,101

Others37,31934,715

Machinery andequipment

31,45530,640393,665

372,070

Land

57,17857,216

819,958

817,797

Change in fiscal year
Ending balance of fiscal year (*2)

198,186

186,310Government investment

803,672

801,505

81,12782,085

Private investment

16,286

16,292

2,688

2,652

Intangible fixed assets

62

59

2,626

2,593

132,118

108,432

Patent rights
OthersInvestments and other assets–61,024–456,870

Capital surplus

105,709104,554

Cumulative total of otheradministrative costs–566,733–561,424

Capital surplus

III. Change of retained earnings in fiscal year

Cash Flow Statement

Items

781,906

FY2021

I. Cash flow from business activities (A)48,910

Proceeds from subsidies

15,38816,038Other proceeds

156,929

156,820

Total liabilities and net assets

810,852

781,906

Other payments–112,323–114,172–58,263

36,979(¥ million)

169,857

Ordinary expenses (*3)

161,112161,251

Extraordinary loss (*4)

34,320

8,558

50

48

Income taxes
Other administrative costs
Administrative cost total

5,308
200,791

8,135
177,992

In order to show the flow of information within the system offinancial statements, items that are linked across statements areindicated by an asterisk (*), and the same number is assigned
for the linked items.

FY2021

FY2020Ordinary expenses (A) (*3)

161,112161,251

Operations expenses

143,180

145,591

Entrusted expenses

12,89911,263General and administrative expenses

4,401

4,217

Financial expenses

561

145

Others71

34

161,045

161,541

Revenues from government fundingfor operational grant

109,563

109,649

Income from entrusted research

13,101

11,21565

269

Revenues from subsidies

11,372

10,907

Reversal of asset-offsetting liabilities

12,21011,763

Others

14,734

17,738Extraordinary loss (C) (*4)

34,3208,558

Extraordinary income (D)Ordinary revenues (B)Revenues from facilities expenses

43,781

10,392

Income taxes (E)50

48

Reversal of reserves carried overfrom previous Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period (F)

75

87

9,418

2,163

Gross profit for fiscal year
(B – A – C + D – E + F)

Japan Atomic Energy Agency–896–38,855

52,654

V. Starting balance of fund (E)178,101

125,447

VI. Ending balance of fund (F = E + D) (*5)

139,246

178,101(Reference) Relation between Ending Balanceof Fund and Cash and Deposits(¥ million)
FY2021Ending balance of fundTime deposits
Cash and deposits (*1)(*5)

FY2020139,246

178,101−−

139,246

178,101

Basic Information

Item

1,223

IV. Fund increase (or decrease) (D = A + B + C)

Outcome of Operation(¥ million)

195,483

48

III. Cash flow from financial activities (C)Profit and Loss Statement: https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese)

Expenses on profit and loss
statement–42,115

409,836

Profit and Loss Statement

FY202016,572–41,80958,253Administrative Cost Statement: https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese)

FY2021

FY202018,186417,187

II. Cash flow from investment activities (B)Administrative Cost Statement(¥ million)

Total net assets (*2)

Retained earnings

810,852–1,376
409,836

Cash Flow Statement: https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/ﬁnancial/ (in Japanese)

Personnel expenses

Total assets

7,351
417,187

Foundation for Operation−–99

85,506

Others–727

Reduction due to payment to national treasury pertaining to unnecessary assets, etc.

441,756

Construction in progress

2,161
2,260

82,952

Capital stock

FY2020411,212

Receipt of investments

450,897

Total liabilities(¥ million)

409,836

I. Change of capital stock in fiscal year

Buildings

Tangible fixed assets

Statement of Changes in Net Assets: https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/ﬁnancial/ (in Japanese)

FY202057,205Current liabilities

Statement of Changes in Net Assets

Policies for Operation

Summary of Financial Statements

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

49

Explanations of Items in Summary of Financial Statements

Comparison of Budget and Settlement(¥ million)

Items

Budget amount

Settlement amountGovernment funding for operational grant

131,903

131,903

Government subsidies

23,675

15,069Government investment

2,260

2,260

(1) Balance Sheet
Cash and deposits: Cash and deposits

Securities: Trading securities, government bonds that mature within one year, government-guaranteed bonds

Nuclear materials: Nuclear source materials and nuclear fuel materials stipulated by relevant laws and regulations

Buildings: Buildings and ancillary equipment

Machinery and equipment: Machinery and equipment

Land: LandConstruction in progress: Amount expended and materials appropriated for construction or production in progress

Other subsidies

Intangible fixed assets: Patent rights, trademark rights, software, etc.

Income from entrustment, etc.

Investments and other assets: Investment securities, long-term prepaid expenses, security deposits, security money, etc.

Debt from government funding for
operational grant: Account that shows the liability generated when receiving government funding for operational grant

Others (current liabilities): Accounts payable, accrued expenses, deposits received, etc.

Reserves: Specific future expenses or losses accrued as expenses or losses for the fiscal year, including reserve for bonus, reserve forretirement benefits, reserve for radioactive waste, reserve for environmental measures, and reserve for overseas refining

Asset-offsetting liabilities: Liabilities appropriated when depreciable assets are obtained in accordance with the purpose of use predeterminedby the Agency and within the scope envisaged by the Medium-/Long-Term Plan by means of government funding for
operational grant or subsidies, etc. from national or local government

Others (fixed assets): Long-term donations deposited, asset retirement obligations, etc.

Capital stock: Paid-in capital sourced from investment in the Agency

Capital surplus: Capital other than capital stock and retained earnings (in the case of appropriation of fixed assets, those appropriatedassets deemed to constitute part of the Agencyʼs financial basis in consideration of the nature of the acquired asset)

Cumulative total of otheradministrative costs: Cumulative total that shows the practical reduction in the financial basis of the Incorporated Administrative Agency
corresponding to the reduction in the assets acquired using government investment, facilities expenses granted by thegovernment, etc. as the source of funds

Retained earnings: Cumulative total of surplus generated in connection with the Agencyʼs operations

Expenses on profit and loss statement : Ordinary expenses, extraordinary loss, and income taxes on the profit and loss statement
Other administrative costs: Account that shows the level of the practical reduction in the financial basis of the Incorporated Administrative Agency
corresponding to the reduction in the assets acquired using government investment, facilities expenses granted by thegovernment, etc. as the source of funds

Administrative cost

: Account that has the character of the full cost used for generating the output of the Incorporated Administrative Agency
and the character of an indicator showing the basis for calculating costs related to the operations of the Incorporated
Administrative Agency that are attributable to the nation

Incomings

−

1,646

3,115

12,534

Other income

1,579

3,637

Contribution for treatment and disposal of waste

9,400

9,403

138,199

146,039

310,131

322,491

4,592

4,563

Business expenses

192,974

152,710

Expenses related to government subsidies

23,675

14,943

Amount carried over from previous fiscal year
Total
Outgoings
General and administrative expenses

−

1,642

Expenses related to entrustment, etc.

Expenses related to other subsidies

3,112

12,386

Amount carried over to next fiscal year

85,778145,277

310,131331,522Total

For details, please see JAEAʼs financial statements.

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese): Expenses required for R&D operations of the Agency

Entrusted expenses: Expenses required for entrusted operations of the Agency

General and administrative expenses: Expenses required for the headquarters management sectors of the Agency

Financial expenses: Expenses for financing and leasing, such as interest payments

Others (ordinary expenses): Miscellaneous losses, etc.

Revenues from government fundingfor operational grant: Revenues originating from government funding for operational grant which is recognized as revenues for the financial year

Income from entrusted research: Income arising from entrusted research

Revenues from facilities expenses: Revenues originating from facility expenses from the government which is recognized as revenues for the financial year

Revenues from subsidies: Revenues originating from subsidies, etc. from national and local government which is recognized as revenues for thefinancial year

Reversal of asset-offsetting liabilities: Asset-offsetting liabilities converted to revenues in response to depreciation, etc.

Others (ordinary revenues): Miscellaneous income, etc.

Extraordinary loss

: Loss on retirement or sale of fixed assets, casualty loss, etc.

Extraordinary income: Income corresponding to the cost of retirement of fixed assets, etc.

Income taxes: Paid amount of corporate, resident, and enterprise taxes

Reversal of reserves carried overfrom previous Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period: Reversal arising from cost generated for the fiscal year for the retained earnings carried over from the previous Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period in accordance with Article 21, paragraph (1), of the Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Outcome of Operation(3) Profit and Loss Statement
Operations expenses

Foundation for Operation(2) Administrative Cost Statement

Policies for Operation

Outline of Budget and Settlement(4) Statement of Changes in Net Assets: Balance shown in the net assets section of the balance sheet

Basic Information

Ending balance of fiscal year
(5) Cash Flow Statement
Cash flow from business activities: Cash flow originating from activities other than investment or financial activities, such as income from provision of services
and payments for purchase of raw materials, commodities, or services (shows the state of funds for the execution of the
Agencyʼs normal operations)

Cash flow from investment activities: Cash flow originating from acquisition, sale, etc. of fixed assets (shows the state of funds for investment activities to secure
the business base for the future)

Cash flow from financial activities: Cash flow originating from procurement and repayment of funds, such as incomings and outgoings of funds andincomings and outgoings due to issuance and redemption of bonds and borrowings and repayments

50Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

51

(1) Balance Sheet(Assets)
The total of assets as of the end of FY2021 was 810,852 million yen, an increase of 28,945 million yen (4%) compared with the end of
the previous fiscal year. The main causes of this were an increase in new acquisitions necessary for business operation and a decreasein depreciation due to the elapse of time.
(Liabilities)
The total of liabilities as of the end of FY2021 was 393,665 million yen, an increase of 21,594 million yen (6%) compared with the endof the previous fiscal year. The main causes of this, as in the case of assets, were an increase in new acquisitions necessary forbusiness operation and a decrease in depreciation due to the elapse of time.

(2) Administrative Cost Statement(3) Profit and Loss Statement(Ordinary expenses)
Ordinary expenses in FY2021 were 161,112 million yen, a decrease of 139 million yen (less than 1%) compared with the previous fiscal year.
The main cause of this was a decrease in the transferred reserve for radioactive waste.
(Ordinary revenues)
Ordinary revenues in FY2021 were 161,045 million yen, a decrease of 496 million yen (less than 1%) compared with the previous fiscal year.
The main cause of this, as in the case of ordinary expenses, was a decrease in income pertaining to the offsetting of the reserve forradioactive waste associated with the new inclusion of this reserve.
(Gross profit for the fiscal year)
The gross profit for FY2021 was 9,418 million yen, an increase of 7,255 million yen (335%) compared with the previous fiscal year.
The main cause of this was the inclusion of 9,487 million yen of profits from settling the debt from government funding for
operational grant in the last fiscal year of the Medium-/Long-Term Plan in accordance with the Accounting Standards for
Incorporated Administrative Agencies.

(4) Statement of Changes in Net Assets(5) Cash Flow Statement(Cash flow from business activities)
The cash flow from business activities in FY2021 was 18,186 million yen, an increase of 1,614 million yen (10%) compared with theprevious fiscal year. The main cause of this was a decrease of 1,686 million yen (2%) in expenditure associated with R&D activities.
(Cash flow from investment activities)
The cash flow from investment activities in FY2021 was a deficit figure of 58,263 million yen, a decrease of 95,242 million yen (258%)
compared with the previous fiscal year. The main cause of this was an increase of 34,375 million yen in expenses for the acquisitionof securities.
(Cash flow from financial activities)
The cash flow from financial activities in FY2021 was 1,223 million yen, an increase of 2,119 million yen (236%) compared with theprevious fiscal year. The main cause of this was an increase of 2,260 million yen in income from receipt of monetary investments.

Items(¥ million)
3rd Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period

FY2015FY2016FY2017FY2018FY2019FY2020

FY2021

Assets948,147

753,495

696,898

695,391

787,137

781,906

810,852

Liabilities

394,226

266,329

265,770

271,451

375,924

372,070

393,665

Net assets

553,921487,166

431,128

423,941

411,212409,836

417,187

Administrative cost

−

−

−

−

371,325

177,992

200,791

Ordinary revenues

182,875

160,309

161,542

175,020

156,358

161,541

161,045

Ordinary expenses

182,277

158,696

158,920

173,063

155,000

161,251

161,112961

427–2,182

2,002

21,725

2,163

9,418

Cash flow from business activities

32,46015,89725,38018,114

13,028

16,572

18,186

Cash flow from investment activities–38,737

9,874–24,718–9,006–9,571

36,979–58,263

Gross profit [or loss (indicated by negative sign)]
for fiscal year

Cash flow from financial activities–2,397–3,181–2,478–2,570–1,523

–896

1,223

Ending balance of fund99,242

118,791

116,975

123,513

125,447

178,101

139,246

2. Budget, Revenues and Expenditure Plan, and Financing Plan for Next Fiscal Year
(1) Budget(¥ million)
Category(2) Revenues and Expenditure Plan

Total(¥ million)

Category

Incomings

Total

Expenses

Government funding for operating expenses
Subsidy for facility maintenance expenses
Subsidy for expenses to manage speciﬁc large advanced
research facilities

131,717285
10,183

Subsidy for business expenses to promote
nuclear security improvement, etc.

493

Subsidy for nuclear transmutation R&D expenses

61

147,145

Ordinary expenses

147,145

Business expenses

126,842

General and administrative expenses

5,237

Expenses related to contract, etc.

3,309

Depreciation expenses

11,758

Revenues

148,826

Revenues from government funding for operational grant

110,667

Revenues from subsidies

12,058

Subsidy for business expenses to promote
decommissioning research, etc.

1,322

Revenues from contract, etc.

3,312

Income from waste disposal for research facilities, etc.

Other revenues

2,672

Income from contract, etc.

3,309
2,172

3

Amount carried over from previous ﬁscal year
(carried-over waste treatment business expenses, etc.)

145,118

Revenues from contribution fortreatment and disposal of waste

Total

295,161

Other income

2,872

Reversal of asset-offsetting liabilities

11,758

Revenues from reserve offsets

5,986

Outgoings
General and administrative expenses
Business expenses

5,674
153,194

Expenses related to subsidy forfacility maintenance expenses

285

Expenses related to subsidy for expenses to manage
speciﬁc large advanced research facilities

10,183

Expenses related to subsidy for business expenses topromote nuclear security improvement, etc.

493

Expenses related to subsidy for nuclear transmutation
R&D expenses

61

Expenses related to subsidy for business expenses topromote decommissioning research, etc.

1,322

Expenses related to contract, etc.

3,309

Amount carried over to next ﬁscal year
(carried-over waste treatment business expenses, etc.)

120,641

Total

295,161

Net proﬁt

1,681

Gross proﬁt

1,681(3) Financing Plan(¥ million)
Category

Outgoing funds
Expenditure for business activities

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html

143,052
31,468Amount carried over to next ﬁscal year

120,641

Incoming funds
Revenues from business activities

295,161
149,759

Revenues from government funding for
operational grant

131,717

Revenues from subsidies

12,058
3

Revenues from contract, etc.

3,309

Other income

2,672

Revenues from investment activities
Revenues from facility maintenance expenses
Amount carried over from previous ﬁscal year

285
285
145,118(in Japanese)

52

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

53

Basic Information

Annual Plan:

Total
295,161

Expenditure for investment activities

Revenues from waste disposal for
research facilities, etc.

For details, please see the Annual Plan.

Outcome of Operation

The total amount of assets as of the end of FY2021 was 417,187 million yen, an increase of 7,351 million yen (2%) compared with theend of the previous fiscal year. The main cause of this, as in the case of gross profit for the fiscal year, was the inclusion of 9,487 million
yen of profits from settling the debt from government funding for operational grant in the last fiscal year of the Medium-/Long-Term
Plan in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Incorporated Administrative Agencies.

1. Year-on-Year Comparison of Primary Financial Data

Foundation for Operation

Administrative cost in FY2021 was 200,791 million yen, an increase of 22,799 million yen (13%) compared with the previous fiscal year.
The main cause of this was an increase of 25,762 million yen in extraordinary loss.

(6) Financial Data Year-on-Year Comparison and Budget, Revenues and Expenditure Plan,
and Financing Plan for Next Fiscal Year

Policies for Operation

Explanations on Financial Situation and Operation Status

To assist with understanding and evaluation of JAEAʼs operations in FY2021, the operating scheme (revenue source and individual
operations) is shown below.

Reform of PNC

1956“Atomic Fuel Corporation”
established

1967“Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel
Development Corporation (PNC)” established

Government organizations and corporations
such as the Nuclear Regulation Authority

Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Transfer of part of operations (April 1, 2016)

April 1, 2015
Name changed to “National Research and Development
Agency, Japan Atomic Energy Agency”

Revenues from contract, etc.

Operations (Segments)

Foundation for Operation

Law Underlying Establishment of JAEA

R&D pertaining to the response to the accident at
TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

Subsidy for business expenses
to promote decommissioning
research, etc.

“National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology”

1998“Japan Nuclear Cycle Development
Institute (JNC)” established

October 1, 2005
“Incorporated Administrative
Agency, Japan Atomic Energy
Agency” established

Integration (1985)

Enactment of Japan Atomic
Energy Agency Act (2004)“Japan Nuclear Ship Research and Development Agency”

Report Concerning theIntegration of Two
Corporations (2003)

History
1956“Japan Atomic Energy
Research Institute”
established(1) Premise Information for Proper Assessment of Operations

Government funding for
operational grant(Power usage account,
General account)

Profile of Organization
Consolidation andrationalization plan for special
public corporations (approvedby the Cabinet in 2001)

Premise Information for Proper Assessment of Operations
Information on Operation of Internal Control

Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research and Development Agency (Act No.155 of 2004)

Technical supports for nuclear safety regulation and safety research for their purposes
Subsidy for business expenses
to promote nuclear security
improvement, etc.

R&D to improve nuclear safety and activities to contribute to nuclear non-proliferationand nuclear security

Subsidy for expenses tomanage specific largeadvanced research facilities

Basic and fundamental research and human resources development in the nuclear field

Government funding for
operational grant(Burial disposal account)
Subsidy for nuclear
transmutation R&D expenses

Government funding for
operational grant(Power usage account)

Organization*
President
Executive Vice President
Executive Directors (6)R&D on fast reactors and advanced reactors

Auditors(2)

R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as reprocessing, fuel manufacturing
and treatment and disposal of radioactive waste

Decommissioning and Radioactive Waste
Management Head Office
Safety and Nuclear Security Administration
Department
Policy Planning and Administration Department
JAEA Innovation Hub

Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government collaboration and secure public trust

Personnel Department
Financial Affairs Department
Contract Department

Activities for Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning Demonstration

Public Relations Department
International Affairs Department
Office of Auditor

Other revenues

Auditor for Nuclear Safety

Common facility utilization revenues, etc.

Smart Operation Promotion Office(Common Mission Sector)

JAEA has formulated a statement of operation procedures which sets out the system for ensuring that the performance of duties bycorporate officers (excluding auditors) conforms with the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies and the Act
on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research and Development Agency, etc. The main items relating to the operation ofinternal control and their implementation status are shown below.

Appropriate budget allocation (Article 35 of the statement of operation procedures)
The 2021 implementation plan budget guideline and implementation plan were decided at a board meeting. We strived to allocate
the budget appropriately based on an analysis of budget use during the period.

Sector of Nuclear Safety Research andEmergency Preparedness
Sector of Nuclear Science Research

Construction Department
Center for Computational Science & e-System

Sector of Nuclear Fuel, Decommissioning andWaste Management Technology Development
Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning
Demonstration

Nuclear Human Resource Development Center
Integrated Support Center for Nuclear
Non-proliferation and Nuclear Security
Preparatory Office of New Research Reactor
Tsuruga Head Office* The Management Sector and Common Mission Sector were unified as Headquarters on April 1, 2022. The Safety and Nuclear Security Administration
Department was reorganized into the Safety and Nuclear Security Administration Head Office to strengthen its function. The Smart Operation Promotion
Office, which was a time-limited organization, was closed and its operations transferred mainly to the General Affairs Department and the Policy Planning and
Administration Department.

Employees
The number of full-time employees under the age-limit system as of the end of FY2021 was 3,109 (a decrease of 7 compared with theend of the previous fiscal year) and the average age was 42.6 years (42.8 years as of the end of the previous fiscal year). The numberof full-time employees under the age-limit system does not include persons seconded from the national government or privatecompanies. The number of employees retiring on March 31, 2022, was 93.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

55

Basic Information

Bidding and Contract (Article 34 of the statement of operation procedures)
In September 2021 and February 2022, the Contract Monitoring Committee inspected contracts with a high ratio of bid price toasking price, such as multi-bidder contracts with a 100% ratio; contracts with a single bidder company for two consecutive years;
contracts for which a low bid price survey was conducted; contracts with affiliated corporations; and the appropriateness of reasons
given for choosing no-bid contracts (negotiated contracts).

Sector of Fukushima Research andDevelopment

Sector of Fast Reactor and Advanced Reactor
Research and Development(2) Information on Operation of Internal Control

Internal audit (Article 32 of the statement of operation procedures)
In addition to the existing audit subjects (such as the implementation status of personal information protection), we have started an
audit of all JAEA organizations to prevent the emergence of risk. This has resulted in the strengthening of the monitoring function for
JAEAʼs internal control system. In addition, the Office of Auditor is engaged in establishing a system for centralized internal auditingof all JAEA activities in coordination with the regulation audits conducted by other departments.

(Research and Development Sector)

Outcome of Operation

Subsidy for management
expenses for radioactive
material research facilities, etc.

Japan Atomic Energy Agency(Management Sector)

General Affairs Department

Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry

54

Policies for Operation

Basic Information on JAEA

Basic Information on JAEA

Location of R&D Sites (as of June 2022)

Major Specified Affiliated Companies, Affiliated Companies and Related Public Interest Corporations
Corporation

Outline of operations

Related public
interest corporation

Institute of Radiation Measurements

Conducts activities necessary to improve the reliability of radiation measurement and uses theresults of these activities and training and education on radiation measurement to contribute toand achieve the healthy advancement of the development and use of nuclear energy andradiation and the realization of a safe and secure society.

Related public
interest corporation

Japan Chemical Analysis Center

Conducts activities such as analysis and measurement of radioactive materials contained inenvironmental materials, analysis and measurement of various other substances, related
investigation and research to contribute to the improvement of the health and safety of Japanesepeople, and activities to contribute to the promotion of academia and science and technology.

Related public
interest corporation

Radiation Application Development
Association

Promotes the application of radiation and conducts activities to contribute to and achieve theimprovement of the lives of Japanese people and the establishment of a sustainable society bypromoting dissemination of knowledge and technology related to the use of nuclear energy.

Related public
interest corporation

Research Organization for Information
Science and Technology (RIST)

Comprehensively propels investigation and collection of information on studies and technology
development pertaining to information science and technology and information in the scienceand technology field, and activities to contribute to and achieve the development of academia
and science and technology.

Related public
interest corporation

Detailed statements supplementary to JAEAʼs financial statements: https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese)

4,157

4,078

300

195.0

195.4

3,955

192.7

3,948

188.6

3,922

189.1

3,892

177.0

(persons)
5,000

3,831

182.8

3,741

3,683

195.4

195.4

April 1, 2016 National
Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology
launched

1-22 Nakamaru, Yamadaoka, Narahamachi, Futaba-gun, Fukushima 979-0513
Tel: +81-240-26-1040

Okuma Analysis and ResearchCenterTsuruga Head Office65-20 Kizaki, Tsuruga-shi,
Fukui 914-8585
Tel: +81-770-23-3021

5 Kitahara, Ottozawa, Okuma-machi,
Futaba-gun, Fukushima 979-1301
Tel: +81-246-35-7650

Tokyo Office
19F Fukoku Seimei Building,
2-2-2 Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 100-8577
Tel: +81-3-3592-2111

3,133

Nuclear Emergency Assistanceand Training Center (NEAT)(Fukui)

8F Taira Central Building, 7-1 O-machi,
Taira, Iwaki-shi, Fukushima 970-8026
Tel: +81-246-35-7650

Fukushima Office
7F NBF Unix Building, 6-6 Sakae-machi,
Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-8031
Tel: +81-24-524-1060

1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun,
Hyogo 679-5148
Tel: +81-791-58-0822

Headquarters

Ningyo-toge Environmental
Engineering Center

765-1 Funaishikawa, Tokai-mura,Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1184
Tel: +81-29-282-1122

Nuclear Science Research Institute
2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun,Ibaraki 319-1195
Tel: +81-29-282-5100

J-PARC Center

3,104

3,090

3,090

3,116

3,109

156.8

153.8

154.9

156.0

155.4

2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun,Ibaraki 319-1195
Tel: +81-29-282-5100

3,000

148.8

Iwaki Office

Harima SR Radioisotope
Laboratory

1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho,Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698
Tel: +81-868-44-2211

4,000(Minamisoma)
45-169 Sukakeba, Kaibama, Haramachi-ku,
Minamisoma-shi, Fukushima 975-0036
Tel: +81-244-25-2072

Naraha Center for Remote Control
Technology Development

959-31 Jorinji, Izumi-cho, Toki-shi,
Gifu 509-5102
Tel: +81-572-53-0211

6-2, 54 Nouma, Tsuruga-shi,
Fukui 914-0833
Tel: +81-770-20-0050(Miharu)
10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun,
Fukushima 963-7700
Tel: +81-247-61-2910

100

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering
Laboratories (NCL)
4-33 Muramatsu, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun,Ibaraki 319-1194
Tel: +81-29-282-1111

2,000

Oarai Research and Development
Institute
0

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016*

2017

2018

2019

2020

4002 Narita-cho, Oarai-machi,
Higashi-ibaraki-gun, Ibaraki 311-1393
Tel: +81-29-267-4141

1,000
2021 (FY)

October 1, 2005 Japan Atomic Energy Agency launched

Nuclear Emergency Assistance andTraining Center (NEAT)

Paris Office* Decrease in staff and budget with launch of National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology

Outcome of Operation

200

Tono Geoscience Center

2-1 Shiraki, Tsuruga-shi,
Fukui 919-1279
Tel: +81-770-39-1031

No. of staff as of ﬁscal year-end (No. of employees under age-limit system)

200.4

400 Kitasekine, Sekine, Mutsu-shi,
Aomori 035-0022
Tel: +81-175-25-3311

Prototype Fast Breeder
Reactor Monju

Transition in Number of Staff and Budget

209.4

Aomori Research andDevelopment Center

3 Myojin-cho, Tsuruga-shi,
Fukui 914-8510
Tel: +81-770-26-1221

KPMG AZSA LLC

4,248

432-2 Hokushin, Horonobe-cho,Teshio-gun, Hokkaido 098-3224
Tel: +81-1632-5-2022

Fugen Decommissioning
Engineering Center

Accounting Auditor

4,338(Tomioka)
790-1 Ohtsuka, Motooka, Tomioka- machi,
Futaba-gun, Fukushima 979-1151
Tel: +81-240-21-3530

Horonobe UndergroundResearch Center

Foundation for Operation

Promotes the benefit and welfare of executive directors, staff and other employees of theJapan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and its full-time officers and employees and conducts
activities to contribute to and achieve the advancement of JAEAʼs operations.

Budget(¥ billion)
400

Collaborative Laboratories for
Advanced Decommissioning
Science (CLADS)

Relation to JAEA

Mutual Aid Association for Japan
Atomic Energy Agency

Policies for Operation

Profile of Organization

28, Rue de Berri 75008
Paris, FRANCE
Tel: +33-1-42-60-31-01

11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo,
Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki 311-1206
Tel: +81-29-265-5111

State of Establishment of Important Facilities(1) Major facilities, etc. completed this fiscal year
・None(2) New construction or expansion of major facilities, etc. in progress this fiscal year
・Safety measures of nuclear facilities, etc.
・Establishment of research base facilities toward decommissioning of TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

56

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Basic Information(3) Major facilities, etc. disposed of this fiscal year
・Sale of eastern Oarai site (land; Oarai Base) (acquisition cost 37 million yen; accumulated impairment loss 25 million yen)・Disposition of shafts and drifts of Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (Tono Base)(acquisition cost 14,944 million yen; accumulated depreciation 562 million yen; accumulated impairment loss 14,381 million yen)

Vienna Office
Leonard Bernsteinstrasse 8/2/34/7,
A-1220, Wien, AUSTRIA
Tel: +43-1-955-4012

Washington Office1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 240,
Washington, D.C. 20004, U.S.A.
Tel: +1-202-338-3770

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

57

Policies for Operation

Basic Information on JAEA

Other Information for Publication

Other Information for Publication◆ JAEA publicizes its activities through various media.

Reference sources of 2021 annual report
The relationship between the items contained in this report and the JAEA website are as indicated in the following.

JAEA Website[Introduction of JAEA]

https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/[JAEA abstract]• Management Principles and Conduct Standards

P.2

P.26

• Financial Information

P.48-49, 51• Medium-/Long-Term Objectives,
Operational Plan, Operational Results, Evaluation

P.7, 47, 53• Environmental Information

P.15• Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan for
JAEA Facilities

P.14• International Strategy

P.24• Legislation, etc.

P.6-7

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/ (in Japanese)

Introducing JAEA activities throughvideo streaming services.

Foundation for Operation

P.20• Efforts for Safety

https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/
jaea_channel/

Information on the activities of JAEA
such as R&D status.

• Information Disclosure

JAEA Channel

Social Network Services(Twitter official account @JAEA_en)

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/outline.html (in Japanese)

JAEA Website

https://www.jaea.go.jp/ (in Japanese)[Procurement/Bidding Information]• Act on Promoting Green Procurement

P.17• Procurement Rationalization Plan

P.17

• Procurement/Contracting of products
from organizations supporting persons with disabilities

P.17• Contract Monitoring Committee

P.17― Publicity Brochures ―https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/ (in Japanese)• Fukushima Daiichi Radwaste Analytical Data Library(FRAnDLi) P.30
https://frandli-db.jaea.go.jp/FRAnDLi/ (in Japanese)• Fukushima Environmental Database and Knowledge Base
(FaCE!S) P.30
https://fukushima.jaea.go.jp/ceis/ (in Japanese)• “Visualization” of radioactive contamination at thedecommissioning site on a 3D map P.31

https://www.jaea.go.jp/news/press/results_2021.html (in Japanese)• Improving monitoring accuracy for radiation doses fromradionuclides accidentally released into the environment
P.33
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/taesj/advpub/0/
advpub_J20.010/_pdf (in Japanese)• Accident Tolerant Fuel Workshop P.35

https://nsec.jaea.go.jp/ATFWS/index.html (in Japanese)
https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/iscn/nnp_news/attached/0298.pdf#page=37 (in Japanese)• New principle for significant reduction of power consumptionin spintronics ̶ Approach to material development for“electric manipulation of magnetism” P.37
https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/p21122402/ (in Japanese)

58

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/p21122701/ (in Japanese)• Sector of Nuclear Science Research,
Materials Sciences Research Center P.37

JAEA Pamphlets

https://msrc.jaea.go.jp/jp/ (in Japanese)“Genki” Future Vision“JAEA 2050+”― Dissemination of Scientific Achievements ―• Significant noise-reducing based on deep learning P.37
https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/p21120801/ (in Japanese)• HTGR Research and Development Center P.40

https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/o-arai/nhc/jp/index.html (in Japanese)• Generation-IV International Forum P.41

https://gif.jaea.go.jp/material/kit/index_eng.html• Successful Development of the “SELECT Process” toseparate radioactive waste P.43

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2019/p19042401/ (in Japanese)• Discovery of the principles determining
the transmissivity of deep underground fractures P.43

Research Achievements

Technical Seeds Collections

Research andDevelopment Reports

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/p21120601/ (in Japanese)• Development of estimation method of radionuclide
migration behavior in rocks deep underground P.43

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2021/p21121501/ (in Japanese)• Fuel unloading operation P.45

https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/monju/fuel_removal/ (in Japanese)

Basic Information• ISCN Newsletter No.0298 P.35

• Release of JENDL-5, the latest version of JENDL P.37

Outcome of Operation

R&D results

Inquiries
An Inquiry Page is available on our website

https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/query/

If you cannot find the inquiry page, please use the following Inquiry Form:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/query/form.html (in Japanese)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

59

JAEA at a Glance

Dissemination of R&D Achievements
Number ofPapers Published

1,127

Others265

Cooperation/Collaboration with Other Organizations

Oral Presentations

1,346

862

Number of JAEA Reports Published

159

million yen

39

Domestic Training Courses

222

participants

12

Number of Cross-Appointment Researchers

Public Hearings and Public Relations Activities
Public Hearings and Public Relations Activities
Outreach Activities
Open Campus/Hosting ofIndividual Visitors

599
232

times

(Total)100,604
14,238

participants(Total)times

participants

107
Basic Information

7

Domestic

Outcome of Operation

14,369Awards fromAcademic Organizations

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

469
21(Entrusted Research, etc.)

Awards60

participants from

External Research Funds

125

Awards from
the MEXT Minister130

countries

New Patents (Domestic Only)

Number of
Entrusted Research Contracts

International

133
10

Number of
Facility Sharing Contracts

219

Cooperation Arrangements with Other Organizations

International Training Courses

Indicators of R&D Activities
Number of
Joint Research Projects

Performance Information

Foundation for OperationPeer-Reviewed

Policies for Operation

Quantitative Analysis of the JAEA Achievements

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2022 (Business Report FY2021)

61