JCM_LA_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

JCM Project Design Document Form for REDD-plus
A. Project description
A.1. Title of the JCM project
REDD+ project in Luang Prabang Province through controlling shifting cultivation
A.2. General description of the proposed project"REDD+ project in Luang Prabang Province through controlling shifting cultivation" is a
REDD+ project under the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) (JCM-REDD+) aimed to reduce
deforestation and forest degradation in the project area (31,289 ha) of Houaykhing village
cluster (HK-VC), Phonxay district in Luang Prabang Province.
In the project area, the main driver of deforestation and forest degradation is an expansion ofshifting cultivation. To reduce the human pressure on forests, this project implements a systemdeveloped by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Lao PDR through thetechnical cooperation "Participatory Land and Forest Management Project for Reducing
Deforestation in Lao PDR (PAREDD)" as readiness activities. The system's operational
procedures are designed to create harmonization among livelihood improvement, sustainable
forest resources use, and enhancement of carbon stock, based on the experiences and lessons
learned from the readiness activities of the PAREDD (See "Project activities" in Section A.7.
and accumulated scientific experiences and knowledge in this field of Waseda University andcollaborators).
The activities implemented under the JCM-REDD+ project are:
1. Improvement of the governance system of land and forest management at the village levelbased on JICA PAREDD’s readiness up to the end of FY2014
2. Establishment of the REDD+ Technical Center and development of management
procedures (guidelines) of the Center and activities conducted in HK-VC
3. Technical transfer and capacity building (e.g., fertilizer improvement, livestock raising,
paddy introduction)
These activities and villagers' performance improvement contribute to reducing deforestationand forest degradation, which also leads to the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
In addition, forest cover/forest carbon stock and safeguards are monitored according to theapplied methodology and implementation plan.
It should be noted that the government of Lao PDR has REDD+ activities at different scales
for the same period as the JCM-REDD+ project). Therefore, the JCM-REDD+ project
implements a measure to avoid double claiming/payment with the programs below:
1. The Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF): Lao PDR implements the "Promoting1

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REDD+ through Governance, Forest Landscapes & Livelihoods in Northern Lao PDR
Program" from 2019 to 2024(*). Therefore, the JCM-REDD+ project does not seek credit
issuance from 2019 while the project continues its activities.
2. REDD-plus results based payments (RBP) by the Green Climate Fund (GCF): Lao PDR
has been preparing "Lao People's Democratic Republic: REDD+ RBP" with the results
period of 2015 to 2018(**). The volume of emission reductions from the JCM REDD+
project, either the ex-ante amount or the monitored amount depending on its progress, will
be exempted from the GCF program. However, also note that such an arrangement also
depends on the Terms of Reference for the 2nd phase GCF REDD+ RBP under preparation.
*https://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org/system/files/documents/FCPF%20Carbon%20Fund_ERPA_
Tranche%20B_Lao%20PDR_FINAL%20Signed%20Dec%2030%202020.pdf*https://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org/system/files/documents/FCPF%20Carbon%20Fund_ERPA_
Tranche%20A_B%20Lao%20PDR%20Final%20Signed%20Dec%2030%202020.pdf**https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/files/document/25090-lao-people-s-democraticrepublic-redd-rbp-results-period-2015-2018.pdf

A.3. Project location
Country

Lao PDR

Region, province, district,

Houaykhing

villages, etc.

Phonxay District, Luang Prabang Province

Geographical coordinates

HK-VC consists of six villages (Phakbong, Houayha,

villagecluster(hereinafter

HK-VC),

Sakuan, Longlath, Houaykhing, and Houaytho) and islocated within latitude 19°52’30”N to 20°3’30”N andlongitude 102°40’0”E to 102°55’0”E (Figure 1).

Figure 1.

Location of the JCM-REDD+ project area

(HK-VC).
A.4. Project area and activity area2

JCM_LA_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

Project area
Map

The location of the project area is shown in the above map (Figure 1 in Section
A.3.). The project site is located in a mountainous area, about 105 km northof Luang Prabang city, approximately a three and half hour’s drive in the dry
season. However, during the rainy season, especially from July to September,the villages are not always accessible by road; the accessibility depends on
distance from main road.

Total size

The total size of the project area is 31,289 ha. The area is categorized into
land and forest classes according to the Forest type map provided by theGovernment of Lao PDR in 2019.
Categorized land and forest classes
Mixed deciduous forest

Area (ha)13,962

Bamboo111

Regenerating vegetation

16,027

Grassland

7

Upland crop

438

Other agriculture

482

Agriculture plantation

31

RP/OA

113

Urban

65

Other land

51

Total

31,291

Fulfillment of

The national forest definition of Lao PDR is applied;forest1. Area ≧ 0.5 ha;definition

2. Crown density ≧ 20% of trees with DBH ≧ 10 cm (no threshold forheight).

Forest type

The project area is covered by mixed forests between evergreen andand conditions

deciduous trees. The most populous tree species are Lithocarpus spp.,
Quercus spp., Schima spp., and Ficus spp..

Environmental In general, the forests in the project area are covered by secondary forests
conditions

affected by human activities such as shifting cultivation areas (i.e., slash-andburn area and fallow area, which are degraded forests). The project meets therequirement of being 100% forested as of the project start date and for theperiod at least 4 years prior to the start date.
Climatic conditions:
The climate in Luang Prabang Province, including the project site HK-VC, is3

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classified as tropical savanna under the Köppen climate classification. The
mean monthly high temperature ranges from 26.5°C in December to 34.6°C
in April. The mean monthly low ranges from 14.2°C in January to 24.3°C in
July. Annual rainfall is 1,248.2 mm, with a monthly low of 13 mm inDecember and a monthly high of 226.5 mm in August.
The project site enjoys a clear dry season from October to March andexperiences a rainy season from June to September. Annual rainfall is 966.8
mm, with a monthly low of 0 mm in January and February and a monthly
high of 264.5 mm in August.
Land use condition: Current land use of the project area is significantly
affected by human activities. Natural forest categorized as “Mixed deciduous
forest” has been converted to a secondary forest (degraded forest) and fallow
area (young forest) with the emergence of shifting cultivation.
Endangered species: Lao PDR ratified the United Nations Convention on
Biological Diversity (UN CBD) in 1996. Based on this treaty, the country
established the National Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 and Action Plan to2010 (NBSAP) in 2004. The goal of the NBSAP is to maintain biodiversity
and fight poverty. Its main objectives are as follows: (1) to identify importantbiological diversity components and improve the knowledge base; (2) tomanage biodiversity on a regional basis by using natural boundaries tofacilitate the integration of conservation and user-oriented management; (3)plan and implement a biodiversity-specific human resource management
program; (4) increase public awareness of and encourage participation in thesustainable management of biodiversity; (5) adjust and harmonize national
legislation and regulations; (6) secure NBSAP implementation; and (7)promote international cooperation. Some of the issues addressed by the
NBSAP include the diversity and productivity of cultivated areas, the richnessof forested land, the state and abundance of water resources, andimprovements in human settlements. While no endangered plants or animals
have been known in our project area, the project will proceed accordingly if
the project encounters endangered species in the future and if the importanceof preserving such species is confirmed.
Rights of use

All forests in Lao PDR are government-owned and managed by mainly thefor the project

Provincial and District Governments (i.e., Provincial Agriculture andForestry Office (PAFO) and District Agriculture and Forestry Office(DAFO)) with rural people. The Forestry Law (2007) defines natural forest
land as the ultimate property of the national community, and managed by the4

JCM_LA_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

State on its behalf. This includes village forest land. Plantation forests,
however, are the property of individuals or organizations who have planted
the trees.”
Our target site consists of a protection forest and a production forest, bothmanaged by PAFO and DAFO. All of the forests are under the administrationof the Department of Forestry (DOF) of the Ministry of Agriculture andForestry (MAF), and the right of use is allocated to rural people in accordancewith Forestry Law. The people of the HK-VC agreed to implement the JCMREDD+ project in the area through a participatory consultation process
before starting the project.
There was no official scheme to have permission to implement a REDD+
project in Lao PDR. However, the implementation of project activities in the
project area was agreed by the document by both the DOF (Lao side) andWaseda University and private companies (Japan side) .
Activity area
Activity area

All ground-based activities are implemented in HK-VC (31,289 ha),Phonxay District, Luang Prabang Province.

A.5. Project participants
Project participants
Country

Project participants

The Lao People's Democratic Republic

Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office (PAFO)
of Luang Prabang Province and District Agriculture
and Forestry Office (DAFO) of Phonxay District

Japan

Waseda University and Marubeni Corporation

Project implementation structure
The JCM REDD+ project is conducted by Waseda University, Marubeni Corporation, PAFO,
and DAFO with support from the National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute(NAFRI) and financially supported by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan. In order toimplement project activities, the project establishes REDD+ Technical Center in HK-VC andenhances activities of the Land and Forest Management Committee (LFMC) in each village,
which was established by the PAREDD.

5

JCM_LA_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

Figure 2.

Implementation structure of

the JCM-REDD+
The project participants are Waseda University, Marubeni Corporation, PAFO of Luang
Prabang Province, and DAFO of Phonxay District, supported by NAFRI. Assigned roles andresponsibilities are as follows:
Name of

MandateExplanation

WasedaOverall project

Totally around 10 researchers andUniversity

management

consultants from Waseda University,organization

Japan, and other entities including privatecompanies.
Marubeni

Management of

Totally around 5 staff from Marubeni

Corporation

documentation

Corporation and other entities including
private companies

NAFRI

Management of all village

Many researchers and staff from theactivities and support

NAFRI and other organizations in Lao

PAFO of the Luang

PDR.

Prabang Province and
DAFO of Phonxay
District
PAFO andSupports of all of village

The PAFO and DAFO manage the project

DAFO

activities

and have the task of increasing awarenessof the rural people on REDD+ andintroducing participatory land and forest
management and participatory forest
monitoring. The PAFO and DAFO had
been worked with JICA as a counterpart.

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REDD+

Implementation of all

REDD+ Technical Center is established inTechnical Center village activities with

HK-VC. The REDD+ Technical Center

villagers

has five main technical staff responsible
for the management and enhancement ofactivities at the village level. They also
have the responsibility on reporting all
project activities to NAFRI as
collaborators of the project proponent(s).

Land and Forest

Implementation of all

A LFMC is a rural people group

Management

village activities withestablished with the support of the JICA

Committee

villagers

project (i.e., PAERDD).

(LFMC)At the outset, this project must provide
substitutes for shifting cultivation andsecure livelihood for the rural people in
the target site. To promote them, a LFMC
is required to organize and manage thelocal communities and the rural people. In
addition, continuous forest monitoring for
3- to 5-year intervals requires their
participation. Therefore, the JCM-REDD+
project cooperates with LFMC having thetask to implement project activities in thevillage.

A.6. Duration
Starting date of project

01 January, 2015

operation
Expected operational

4 years (up to 31, December 2018)

lifetime of project(see also A.2)

A.7. Description of drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation and project activities
Drivers of<Identification of agents of deforestation and forest degradation>

deforestation

The main group/agent of deforestation and forest degradation in the project

and/or forest

area was the rural people who conduct shifting cultivation for livelihood.

degradation

Most of the deforestation in the project area was caused by the rural people.
<Identification of drivers of deforestation and forest degradation>
Deforestation and forest degradation drivers are the expansion of shifting7

JCM_LA_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

cultivation in the project area. From the results of satellite imagery analysis
in the past, the area of slash-and-burn, i.e., slash-and-burn with short-term
rotation (less than 3 years), was increased. This circumstance resulted fromthe total population growth in the project area, and they needed more area
for slash and burn. Furthermore, according to the preliminary survey
conducted before the start of the JCM-REDD+ project, which was basedon an analysis of biophysical and socioeconomic constraints, the risk of
deforestation and forest degradation was not different in the overall projectsite.
<Identification of underlying causes of deforestation and forest
degradation>
Underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation in the project
area were identified from the expert opinions gathered through abackground analysis commissioned by the JICA to local partner
PAFO/DAFO and participatory rural appraisal (PRA). The survey
included a review of existing socioeconomic studies and interviews withlocal experts (such as government officials and community leaders) andwas completed by participatory workshops. In brief, the underlying causesof deforestation and forest degradation are a land and forest management
system in the project area and the rural people’s low capabilities to accept
alternative livelihoods which do not heavily depend on forest resources.
Project activities

Over many years, deforestation and forest degradation have occurred in
the target site due to pioneer shifting cultivation and forest resource use(see above “Drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation”). This
project seeks to restrict the expansion of pioneer shifting cultivation (byclearing primary and secondary forests) and to promote longer fallow
periods than before. Project activities adopted in the project are as
followings.
[Readiness activities up to 2015]
These are activities run-up to the start of the JCM-REDD+ project.
Focusing on institutional arrangement for implementing ground-based
activities of the JICA PAREDD, the followings had been achieved andmaintained in the target site:
1. Establishing LFMCs, which have responsibility and the task of land
and forest management in each village.
2. Developing revolving fund for supporting seed budged for starting
alternative livelihoods against slash-and-burn agriculture (most of the8

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poverty-ridden families had been supported by the fund until 2015).
3. Transferring agricultural technique (e.g., cultivation of wet paddy).
4. Training in forest monitoring.
[Activities during the JCM-REDD+ project period]
Based on the experiences and lessons learned through the PAREDD, thefollowings are the main activities of the JCM-REDD+ project:
1. Based on readiness up to 2015, the governance system of land andforest management at the village level is improved with the support of
NAFRI.
2. The REDD+ Technical Center is newly established in HK-VC. The
REDD+ Technical Center has five main technical staff responsible forthe management and enhancement of activities at the village level.
Also, they have the responsibility of reporting all project activities to
NAFRI as a collaborator of the project participants. To implement
activities smoothly, the NAFRI develops management procedures(guidelines) for the REDD+ Technical Center and each activity(fertilizer improvement, livestock raising, paddy introduction, and soon). Also, the NAFRI intensively checks and advises staff to use
guidelines effectively and efficiently.
3. The project continues to develop capacity among rural people andfacilitate technology transfers into local communities and LFMCs in
the field of agriculture (fertilizer improvement, paddy introduction,and so on) and forest monitoring.
A.8. Contribution from JapanThe JCM-REDD+ project is supported by the financing programme for “JCM REDD+ model
projects” of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ) to acquire JCM credits. In
addition, forest monitoring and REDD+ activities are technically enhanced by the Forest
Conservation Association of Waseda University.
Project participants from Japan contribute to the capacity development of researchers and staffof PAFO and DAFO. Also, technical transfer related to forest monitoring (GIS technique andso on) and introduction of alternative livelihood are provided by Waseda University andMarubeni Corporation. Outcomes of such activities will bring good practices not only to HKVC but also all over Luang Prabang Province, which is under severe deforestation and forest
degradation. In addition, the outcomes are compiled as a scientific paper published ininternational journals. Finally, all of the experiences related to implementing the JCM-REDD+
project and accumulated knowledge on preparing the methodology and the PDD will contribute9

JCM_LA_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

to the policy approach of REDD+ and forest conservation in Lao PDR.
B. Application of the approved methodology(ies)B.1. Methodology(ies) applied to the proposed JCM project
Approved methodology No.

LA_AM004

Version number

1.0

Approved methodology No.

None

Version number

None

Approved methodology No.

None

Version number

None

B.2. Explanation of how the project meets eligibility criteria of the approved methodology(ies)
Eligibility

Descriptions specified in the

Explanation of compliance with

criteria

methodology

criterion

Criterion 1

Project participants receive official

Project participants had received thedata from the Government of Laodata on land and forest cover and

PDR, such as the Forest Type Maps

carbon stock change emissions andand carbon stock change emissions

removals in the project area, which is

and removals in the project area

consistent with the national

which are consistent with the

FREL/FRL and the national forest

national FREL/FRL and the national

monitoring system.

forest monitoring system.
Criterion 2

Criterion 3

The project is to reduce deforestation

The project activities are implemented

and forest degradation in Projectin the Phonxay district as shown in

activity in taking place within

A.3. The main driver of deforestation

Phonxay District, Luang Prabang

and forest degradation is slash-and-

Province, Lao PDR, where major

burn agriculture, based on the analysis

drivers of deforestation and forest

using remote sensing and GIS, anddegradation are shifting cultivation

Rapid Rural Approval (RPA) as(i.e. slash-and-burn agriculture).

described in A.7.

There is no peat land in the projectNo peat soil has been mapped in aarea.

published scientific paper(s) and direct
observation in the site.

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Criterion 4

Project activities are implemented by

Activity records of training and othercollaboration among rural people andrelated activities in the project are all

project participants(s) who have beensaved, including the name of the

trained for alternative livelihood,participants.

which is evidenced by participants
list or activity records.
Criterion 5

Project activities do not include

The project does not directly introduce

activities which directly increase thelivestock raising.

number of livestock.
Criterion 6

Project activities do not include any

Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is

activities which cause displacement

conducted to ensure the project doesof deforestation and/or forest

not cause displacement ofdegradation outside of the project

deforestation and/or forest degradation

area. That is to be confirmed duringoutside of the project area. (see details

the monitoring period by the PRA.

in chapter “C.3. Estimation of projectnet emissions”).

C. Calculation of emission reductions
C.1. Identification of all carbon pools and GHG sources relevant to the JCM project
Carbon pools and GHG sources

Included /listed in the applied methodology

excluded

Justification of inclusion or exclusion(Y/N)
Project reference level
CarbonAbove groundY

Required by methodology.

poolsbiomassY

Required by methodology.

Dead woodN

Not required by methodology.

LitterN

Not required by methodology.

Soil organic carbon

N

Not estimated because soil organic carbon

Below groundbiomass

do not change in actual land use in projectand reference area.
GHG

CH4 in biomasssourcesburning
N2O in biomass

Y

Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

burning11

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Project net emissions
CarbonAbove groundY

Required by methodology.

poolsbiomassY

Required by methodology.

Dead woodN

Not required by methodology.

LitterN

Not required by methodology.

Soil organic carbon

N

Not estimated because soil organic

Below groundbiomass

carbon do not change in actual land use
in project and reference area.
GHG

CH4 in biomasssourcesburning
N2O in biomass

Y

Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

burning
CH4 from paddy (wetpaddy)
CO2 emissions fromenergy use for
agricultural heavymachines
C.2. Establishment of project reference level
Reference area and periodMap

The project reference area is as same as the project area.

Total size

31,289 ha

Justification

None

Period2015-2018 (4 years)

Approach, procedure and data to establish the project reference level
Approach and

The project reference level is obtained from the national Forest Reference

procedure

Emission Level and Forest Reference Level and Forest type map provided by
the Government of Lao PDR.

Data

All data are obtained from the national Forest Reference Emission Level andForest Reference Level and Forest type map provided by the Government of
Lao PDR.

RelationshipThe project reference level is obtained from the national Forest Reference12

JCM_LA_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

with national

Emission Level and Forest Reference Level and Forest type map provided byor sub-national

the Government of Lao PDR.

referencelevelsC.3. Estimation of project net emissions
Estimation of project net emissions (excluding displaced emissions)
The estimation of project net emissions is estimated by applied methodology. All equations andparameters in the methodology were used to estimate the project net emissions.
Estimation of displaced emissions
Reasons for

From the results of the preliminary survey before the commencement of

including/excluding the project and mobility analysis by expert opinion and participatory
displaced emissions

rural appraisal (PRA) of the project, displacement of activities(emissions) was not identified. Therefore leakage or displaced emissions
are thought to be not occurred.

Ways and means toNoneestimate emissions
displacement
Total size ofNonedisplacement belt
Map of theNonedisplacement belt
Explanation for

Nonesetting theboundaries of thedisplacement belt
C.4. Discount factor for the risk of reversals
Applied discount factor (%)

30

Approach for setting the discount Default set by applied methodology.
factor
C.5. Ex ante estimation of emission reductions
Year
Estimated
Estimated
Project
Project Net
Reference Level
Emissions(tCO2e)(tCO2e)Estimated
Emission
Reductions(tCO2e)13

Estimated Emission
Reductions to be
Credited (tCO2e)JCM_LA_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

A

B

C=A–B

2015

28,500.76

14,789.85

13,710.91

D = C * (1-Discountfactor)9,597.64

2016

28,500.76

14,789.85

13,710.91

9,597.64

2017

28,500.76

14,789.85

13,710.91

9,597.64

2018

28,500.76

14,789.85

13,710.91

9,597.64

2019

-

2020

-

-

-

-

2021

-

-

-

-

2022

-

-

-

-

2023

-

-

-

-

2024

-

-

-

-

2025

-

-

-

-

2026

-

-

-

-

2027

-

-

-

-

2028

-

-

-

-

2029

-

-

-

-

2030

-

-

-

-

Total

114,003.06

59,159.40

54,843.65

38,390.56(tCO2e)*Note: The values in the table above are estimated for the period from 2015 to 2018.
D. Environmental impact assessment
Legal requirement of environmental impactNo.

assessment for the proposed project
E. Local stakeholder consultation
E.1. Solicitation of comments from local stakeholders
Before implementing this project, the project collected stakeholders’ comments in the target
site and neighboring villages. Followings are collected comments from village meetings in eachvillage of HK-VC and other stakeholders;
The Rural People in HK-VC (held in 16th November 2015 and several times):⚫

In HK-VC, the area of shifting cultivation shows an upward trend along with the
population growth. The shifting cultivation is being undertaken in the forests where, todate, the shifting cultivation has been avoided for protecting water sources; therefore,
access to water sources, including drinking water, is a concern. In that situation, we havehigh expectations of the progress of forest conservation through the JCM-REDD+
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implementation because it leads to maintaining and restoring the function of water source
protection.
⚫

Shifting cultivation is the only way to ensure sufficient livelihoods in HK-VC. It is highly
expected to create opportunities to promote such as livestock management, nursery
management, and weaving production. Particularly, alternative livelihoods (weaving
production) are a big hope for women who have been overworking.

⚫

We can learn methods of livestock management and techniques for raising seedlings
through nursery management, so it is more than welcome that our techniques are improved
through the JCM-REDD+.

Officials of PAFO/DAFO (mainly held in 12th December 2017 and several times):⚫

Among the activities which will be carried out by the JCM-REDD+, such as weaving
production and market system are the additional activities that cannot be undertaken by
only PAFO/DAFO. It is expected that those activities will lead to an improvement in thequality of life in HK-VC. However, there were unsuccessful cases, such as weaving
production introduced to northern Lao PDF. For this reason, it is preferable if weaving
production and so forth as the JCM-REDD+ activities are carried out carefully, taking into
account rural people’s capability.

⚫

There was not sufficient incentive for forest conservation activities. However, the JCMREDD+ activities are expected to provide a big incentive as it enables rural peoples toreceive technical and financial support from overseas. In addition, it will be long-term
activities over 20 years; therefore, the JCM-REDD+ activities are desirable also for local
people’s capability development.

⚫

In HK-VC, electrification is underway, so there is a possibility that the way of utilizing
forest resources will also be changed. In that situation, thinking about the land
management plan and its activities through LFMCs is considered a contribution todeveloping an appropriate way of land use. Therefore, we expect that sustainable land use
will be introduced by the JCM-REDD+.

E.2. Summary and consideration of comments received
Stakeholders

Comments received

Consideration of comments received

Rural People in REDD+ activities which are
HK-VC

There was no negative comment ontransferred were expected to the project. Continuous technicalbuild capability of rural people.

supports for alternative livelihood are
required.

Officials
PAFO/DAFO

of Group activities established by There was no negative comment on
the LFMC can be essential to the project. Continuous technicalimprove livelihood and forest supports for alternative livelihood are15

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conservation.

required.

F. References
1. Government of Lao PDR. 2018. Lao PDR’s Forest Reference Emission Level and Forest
Reference Level for REDD+ Results Payment under the UNFCCC (which had beentechnically assessed by the UNFCCC in 2019).
Annex

Revision history of PDD
Version

Date

Contents revised

16