Greetings
Stephen Quest
Director General, European Commission, Joint Research Centre

I would like to express my appreciation of
our valuable long-standing researchcooperation. In 30 years, the JAEA- Euratom
cooperation gradually expanded its scopefrom research in nuclear safeguards tonuclear security and joint outreach,promoting nuclear non-proliferation worldwide. I would like to express my gratitude to
all the colleagues contributing to this fruitfulpartnership. I look forward to deepening ourcooperation in coming years.

Toshio Kodama
President of Japan Atomic Energy Agency

I would like to express my sincere gratitude
to everyone who has been involved in theEC/JRC and JAEA cooperation on nuclear
nonproliferation and nuclear security as wecelebrate its 30th anniversary. I am proudthat the results of this cooperation contributeto the safeguards activities and nuclear
security activities of the IAEA and are playing
a part in strengthening international nuclear
nonproliferation and nuclear security. We
sincerely wish for the development of thiscooperation from now on.

1

History of cooperation framework
Cooperative activities for nuclear safeguards between EC-JRC and JAEA started morethan 30 years ago and the agreement was signed in 1990 in order to foster closer
cooperation. The agreement was extended 5 times. The scope of the cooperation
was specified as nuclear material Safeguards research and development in theoriginal agreement. The cooperative activities have played a important role tosupport reliable
IAEA Safeguards systems, improving their efficiency andeffectiveness. Currently, the scope of the cooperation is expanded to nuclear
nonproliferation and nuclear security.

Agreement was signed in 1990 and extended in 1996, 2000, 2006, 2012 and 20161990
Cooperation innuclear safeguards
started2016
20122020
thCooperation Cooperation extended 30 Anniversary
to inf. exchange on
extended tonuclear security safeguards techniques
for decommissioning

JAERI/EURATOM Agreement

1997
IAEA approved
Model
AdditionalProtocol

2005
Organizational
integration ofJAERI/JNC

JAEA/EURATOM Agreement

2010
ISCN establishment;
Official launch of EU
CBRN CoE initiative

2012
EUSECTRA establishment;
JRC inauguration of LG‐SIMSEURATOM

European Atomic Energy Community

JRC

Joint Research Centre

JAEAJapan Atomic Energy Agency formed in 2005 by merger of JAERI and JNC

JAERIJapan Atomic Energy Research Institute established in 1956

JNC

Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute formed in 1998 as the successor of PNC

PNC

Power reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation established in 1967

ISCN

Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security, JAEAEUSECTRA

European Nuclear Security Training Centre2

Trend of cooperation
1990‐
Study and Analyze
complex facility‐ Near real time Accountancy‐ Information system for bulk
handling system‐ Error modeling and dataprocessing for accountancy

Containment andSurveillance (C/S)‐ COSMOS‐ Optical Fiber Seal verifier
for COBRA‐ Multisensor Monitoring

Measurement Methodsand Techniques

1996‐

2000‐

‐ System design for complex
facility‐ Information system for bulk
handling system‐ Error modeling and dataprocessing for accountancy‐ System design for complex
facility‐ Image processing system‐ Remote monitoring systemin the framework of theInternational Remote
Monitoring Project‐ Remote monitoring systemin the framework of theInternational Remote
Monitoring Project‐ Volume and mass
determination techniques‐ Volume and mass
determination techniques‐ High performance trace
analysis (HPTA) techniquesNuclear Safeguards
Nuclear Security
Nuclear Nonproliferation policy andcapacity building

3

Areas and Topics
2006‐

2012‐

2016‐

Nuclear safeguards andnon‐proliferation R & D

Nuclear safeguards andnon‐proliferation R & Dand Security‐ System design for complex
facility

C/S and Remote
Monitoring‐ HPTA‐ Environmental sampleanalysis‐ SIMS/TIMS analysis‐ Nuclear Forensics‐ Alternative Nuclear Material(ANM) analysis‐ Reference Material‐ Nuclear Material in wasteand scrap‐‐‐‐

Safeguards by design
Measurement using Laser
Process monitoring
Environmental sample
analysis

Illicit trafficking ofradioactive and nuclear
materials‐ Detection with neutroninterrogation‐ Nuclear Forensics

Nuclear nonproliferation
policy‐ Information exchange‐ Detection with neutroninterrogation‐ Nuclear Forensics‐ Environmental sample
analysis‐ Characterization techniquefor decontamination ofreactors‐ C/S‐ Process monitoring

Capacity building, forsafeguards, security andnon‐proliferation‐‐‐‐

Curriculum development
Exchange of lecturer
Co‐sponsor training
Technical support to thirdcountries

4

Achievement for establishing effective andIAEA Safegu
Near Real Time Accountancy (NRTA)• Conceptual Design by JAERI• Statistical approach was establishedby EURATOM• A joint seminar on NRTATAME Project

Support for improving
nuclear material
accountancy system• Tank monitoring project at JRC Ispra(1996-1997)

Support for improving
capability to detect
undeclared facility andactivity
Support on environmental sample analysis
Network of Analytical Laboratories
Joint in 1998

Joint in 2004

samplesample

JRC Clean Laboratory
Established in 1996;
Measurements at JRC using
Cameca 4F-6F SIMS

IAEA Safeguards Analyticallaboratory (Seibersdorf)
The IAEA began its environmental
sampling programme in the mid1990s.

JAEA CLEAR: CleanLaboratoryfor
Environmental Analysis
and Research; Establishedin 2001

• JRC and JAEA are members of the IAEA Network of Analytical laboratories• JRC developed Reference Materials for Environmental Sampling (1998-2001)• Nuclear Signatures Interlaboratory Measurement Evaluation Programme(NUSIMEP@JRC, 1996-present)5efficient IAEA Safeguards at early stage

ards System

Contribution for advanced
Containment and Surveillance(C/S) system

Compact Surveillance and Monitoring System (COSMOS)• Authorized for inspection use by IAEA in1993 and 90 systems were procured byIAEA at that time.
• Developed by JAERI under JASPAS(Japan Support Programme for Agency
Inspection)• Built-in battery, recordable for 30000
scenes with SONY 8mm system• Field Test at JRC Ispra• Automatic review system
Authorization letter from IAEA

Auto-identified Fiber optical Seal verifier• Developed under JASPAS• Digitizing COBRA image• Pattern recognition and seal integrity judgement6Outcome and recent activities
Neutron Resonance Densitometry

The objective of the project was to develop a non-destructive analysis technique tocharacterize melted fuel formed in a severe nuclear accident such as the one atFukushima. The proposed technique - Neutron Resonance Densitometry is acombination of Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA), Neutron ResonanceCapture Analysis (NRCA) and/or Prompt Gamma-ray Analysis (PGA). The former two
are developed at the GELINA facility of the JRC Geel. A gamma ray spectrometer forNRCA/PGA was developed by the Nuclear Science and Engineering Center of the JAEA.
This project (2012-2015), demonstrated the potential of the technique to characterize
complex nuclear materials and triggered a new project on development of innovative
Non-Destructive Analysis techniques for a broader application field, i.e. security,
safeguards and nuclear safety applications. Moreover, the project received one of themost important Atomic Energy Society of Japan awards – 2016 'Award forDistinguished Technology Development'.

Reports on Neutron
Resonance Densitometry

Demonstration of NRD performance,
Euratom/JAEA Workshop, March 2015

Atomic Energy Society of Japan 2016
Award for Distinguished Technology
Development

Other Non-Destructive Assay (NDA) techniques

The JAEA and the JRC develop an innovative nuclear instrument that integrates fouractives NDA techniques to make optimum use of the complementarity between them,taking into account their advantages and limitations.
These active NDA techniques are:••••

DDA: Differential Die-Away Analysis
DGA: Delayed Gamma-ray Analysis
NRTA: Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis
PGA/NRCA: Prompt Gamma-Ray Analysis and Neutron
Resonance Capture Analysis.
JRC Ispra - Pulsed NeutronInterrogation Test Assembly –PUNITA lab.

Optimisation of a HPGe
detection set-up in PERLA.

A combination of high and medium
gamma-ray energy resolution detector
in DGA technique development.

Experiments on DDA and DGA are being carried out in
PERLA and PUNITA labs in JRC Ispra, while the work on
NRTA and PGA/NRCA is about to start in JRC Geel using
GELINA and MONNET particle accelerators.
7

JRC Geel – Neutron time-of-flightfacility for high-resolution neutron
data measurements - GELINA

Outcome and recent activities
Nuclear Forensics
Nuclear Forensics cooperation was triggered by JRC’s long-standing experiencein this field. It focusses on the exchange of information on e.g.: nationalresponse frameworks, evidence collection and handling, analysis andinterpretation, isotopic fingerprinting, and characterization of radioactive
material after a dispersion event. Moreover, the ‘In-situ Uranium Age Dating
Method’, developed by the JAEA, was successfully validated by a bi-lateral interlaboratory analysis. A joint workshop on nuclear forensics signatures wasorganized and JRC provided support to JAEA in the conception andimplementation of a regional training course on nuclear forensics and JRC
contributed to the 'International Symposium on Technology Development forNuclear Security - Focus on Nuclear Forensics and Regional Collaboration' heldin Tokyo. In summary, the cooperation in the nuclear forensics area comprises
research topics, training activities and visibility events.

International Symposium on Nuclear Forensics, Tokyo, June
2017

JAEA Regional Training
Course on Nuclear Forensics
with support of JRC andNSDD, January 2019

Environmental Sample Analysis
Cooperation in environmental sample analysis
aims at information exchange in particle
analysis and mutual experts’ visits to LG-SIMS
laboratories at JAEA/CLEAR and JRC/Karlsruhe.
In particular, the cooperation includes thecomparison of the overall performance of theinstruments and improvement of the samplepreparation procedures.

CAMECA IMS1300HR3 installed at JAEA/CLEAR

JRC Karlsruhe – LG SIMS
8

Outcome and recent activities
Capacity Building
JAEA and JRC jointly promote nuclear security and support each other's
initiatives in nuclear safeguards, including education and training activities byexchanging experts. For example, JRC repeatedly supported 'International Forumon Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Nuclear
Security' organized by the ISCN/JAEA. JRC supports the training course on Statesystems of accounting for and control of nuclear material' (SSAC), which isorganised yearly in Tokai by both JAEA and IAEA and it provides NDA follow up
training to SSAC in JRC Ispra for selected trainees. And vice-versa, the JAEA
regularly supports the 'ESARDA course on nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation' held annually in Ispra, Italy.

18th ESARDA Course, April 2019, JRC Ispra

ISCN Regional Training Course on
Nuclear Forensics, January 2019, JAEA
NDA follow up training to SSAC course,
JRC Ispra (2016-2020)
9Future
Future Direction
In the future, the focus will be on theconsolidation of the cooperation innuclear safeguards and security withmore innovative projects taking into
account the age of digital transformation
with aspects such as machine learningand artificial intelligence.
Our cooperation in joint outreach, should
be more effective and we are looking
together into possibilities to apply thetechnical developments in safeguards
intootherareas
ase.g.
decommissioning.
As shown in the previous pages, we haveobtained useful results through our cooperation in the fields of nuclear
safeguards and security and thus
contributed to the international security
and global use of nuclear energy. In thefuture, it is hoped that we will expand
our co-operation to other areas ofcommon interest to be identified throughour bilateral discussion.

Mr Yosuke Naoi and Mr Said Abousahl,
June 2015, Brussels, Belgium

JAEA-Euratom Steering Committee
Meeting, May 2019, Stresa, Italy

This is a joint publication by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency and the European
Commission, Joint Research Centre prepared for the side event of the 64th IAEA
General Conference.
September 2020
10European Commission, Joint Research CentreMission:
Provide EU policies with independent, evidence‐based
scientific and technical support throughout the whole policy
cycleJapan Atomic Energy Agency
Mission:Contribute to welfare and prosperity of human society
through nuclear science and technology