論文の要旨

氏名

YuKTADh1fA

PATrAPHOL

論文題目
Three Essays on.Public Policies during the COVID-19 Pandemic,
新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)の公共政策に関する論文
論文の要旨
This dissertation discussed three essays on public policies durfog theCOVID-19 pandemic.
As the COVID-19 pandemic and its countermeasures disrupted the world andthe Japanese economy [l-8] 1 the Japanese responded by providing a one-time
payment of· JPY 100,000 · to every resident in Japan. Since the pandemic hadhetero�enous effects on various socioeconomic groups [9, 10], the first essay
examined asso℃ iations between socioeconomic status and satisfaction with a
one-time government sijbsidy of JPY 100,000. This �ssay en、 abled us to measurepolicy,effecti�eness. Meanwhile, we assumed that people mos� affected during thepandemic were. likelier to feel that one.:..time payment is insufficient. toalleviate the economic shock. As a result,.they were less likely to feelsatisfied with the· policy. Under such assumption, this study allowed us toidentify the most vulnerable. during the pandemic. The· study fourid that · theone-time payme�t was inadequate to unwind public anxiety in Japan. As predicted,
various socioeconomic groups had a different likelihood of being satisfied withthe policy.
Although Japan had a vaccine wiliness of 66% in September 2020 [11],: thewillingness might decrease owing to the coverage of the side effects in earlyFebruary 2021 or before the mass · vaccination. Since we surveyed vaccine.
willingness during the same period, we could observe the change in vaccine
willingness..· Utilising the concurrence, we studied the relationship between
socioeconomic status and· COVID-19 vaccine willingness and discussed it in thesecond essay. The results revealed that vaccine willingness declined to 47%, andpeople with different socioeconomic backgrounds ·. had different vacci_newillingness. The findings emphasi,sed policymakers. considering the effect of news
coverage on vaccine willingness while considering diversity in Japan.
The pandemic countermeasures, · such as the state of emergency, abruptly_deprive people of social contact · �nd resource [12-14]. Unfortunately, some witha certain. socioeconomic status might struggle to adjust

more than others[15-17]. As a result, these peopl� developed loneliness.conditions [18]. Since
Khan and Kadoya [18]found age and gender are the critical de.terminants ofloneliness, the third essay examined the· interaction effects between age andgender on the likelihood of feeling lonely and the probability.of be�oming
lonely in 202L Since different sub-socioeconomic groups had diff�:rent chan�esof feeling and becoming lonely in 2021, the results emphasised the importance oftailoring countermeasure policies.
Al though this dissertation explored different aspects of the pandemic,
thesestudies. concurredsocioeconomic groups. Hence,

thatthepandemic. has. heterogenous"one-size-fits-all"effectsonor universal public policies

may not be suitable for curbing pandemic-related issues. Policymakers should
tailor policies based on the characteristics of socioeconomic groups.
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