Laboratory and Epidemiology Communications
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattem of Salmonella妙hi Isolates in Kolkata,
India during 199ト2001 : a Retrospective S山dy

Shyamapada Mandal*, Manisha Deb Mandal and Nishith Kumar Pal
Department ofBacteriolo幻′ and Selrology, Calcutta School of Tivpical Medicine,

C.R. Avenue, Kolkata‑700073, India

Communicated by Haruo Watanabe(Accepted May 29, 2002)

ofTropICal Medicine from January 199 i to December 200 I.

Typhoid fever remains a serious problem in India due tothe emergence of multidrug resistant Salmonellaりphi, which

The antibiotic susceptibilitypattems of42 I S.りphi isolates

has been reported since 1983 (1). me strain showed resistanceobtained from 1991 to 2001 are shown inFigure i. In 1991,to ampicillin(A), chloramphenicol (C)and cotrimoxazole (Co),all 64 (100%) isolates showed a pattem or resistance tothe conventional antltyphoid antibiotics. Desplte resistance

ACCoT. In fわllowing 4 years (1992‑1995) Various resistanceto A, C, and Co, S.りphi is susceptible to ciprofloxacin, which

pattems were fわund: ACCoT, ACT, CCoT, ACoT, and CoT

has replaced A, C, and Co in the emplrlCal treatment or

typhoid fever (2), and thus has resultedinthe reemergence ofS. typhi isolates sensitive to A, C, and Co due to thewith‑drawal or selection pressure (3). But unrestricted use orthe
conventional antibiotics has led to the emergence ormultidmg

山トy10SJjOtlug≡⊃N50
resistant S･碑hi isolates again in very recent years (4)･ We

lSOlated a total number of421 S. qphi isolates from blood
samples ofenteric fever patients during 1991 to 2001. The4321 00000

aim of the present study was to asses the changing trends or
antibiotic susceptibility pattem among S.舞hi isolates in andaround Kolkata, India.
A total of421 S. typhi isolates were tested for antibioticsusceptibility pattem by the agar dilution method (5) using
MuelleトHinton agar medium agalnSt A, C, Co, and tetracycline(T). The amount orantimicrobial agents (αg/ml) were A (25),C (30), Co (25), and T (10). Escherichia colt ATCC 25922

耳♂♂♂♂㌔♂♂♂〜bbb♂

strain was used as control. The S. tJPhi isolates used in thestudy were obtained from the blood of patients clinicallyYEAR

suspected ofenteric fever who attended the Calcutta School

Fig. 1. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns ofSalmonella typhE‑ isolates､1991‑2001.

*Co汀eSPOnding author: E‑mail: samtropmed@redi伽ail.com

A､ ampICillinこC, chloramphenicol: Co, cotrimoxazole; T. tetracycline.

58Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 55, 2002
along with the emergence of antibiotic sensitive isolates in
チn increasing manner (15‑82%)･ From 1996 to 1998, the72.

2. King, A. and Phillips, I. (1986): The comparative in vitro

isolates showed lOO% sensitivityto A, C, Co, and T. During

activityof eight newer quinolones and nalidixic acid. J.

last 3 years (1999‑2001) of the study period, a decrease inAntimicrob. Chemother., 18 (suppl. D), 1‑20,
3. Sood, S., Kapil,A., Das, B., Jain,Y.andKabra, S. K. (1999):
Re‑emergence of chloramphenicol sensitive Salmonella

舟equency of sensitive isolates (76‑2 1 %) and reemergence ofresistant isolates showlng pattemS Of resistance to ACCoT,ACoT, CCoT, CoT, and Co were noticed. Changlng pattemSりphi. Lancet, 353, 1.241‑1242,(3,4). Thus our data suggest that constant surveillance for4. Kumar, R., Aneja, K. R., Punia, A. K., Roy, P., Sharma,M., Gupta, R. and Ram, S. Ram. (2001): Changing pat‑

antibiotic susceptibilitypattems of current S.りphi isolates is

ternofbiotypes, phage types and drug resistance to Sal‑

imperative for determlnlng effective treatment policies.

monellaりphi in Ludhiana during 1 980‑1 999. Indian J.

of antibiotic resistance ofS.りphi have been reported earlier

REFEREN CE S

Med. Res., 113, 175‑180.
5. Miles, R. S. andAhyes, S. G. B. (1986): Laboratory
control of antimicrobial therapy. p.151‑178. In J. G.

1. Prakash, K., Amma, B. P. and Sharma, K. B. (1983):Collee, A. G. Fmser, B. P. Mamion andA. Simmons (eds),

Epidemiology of multidrug resistant Salmonellaりphi

Mackie and McCartny Practical Medical Microbiology.

in India 1972‑81. Salmonella SuⅣeillance Bull., 1, 71 ‑14th ed. Churchill Livingstone, New York.