Summary of Proposal

Host institution name

The University of Tokyo

Head of host institution

Hiroshi Komiyama,（President, The University of Tokyo）

Center Director

Hitoshi Murayama

Administrative director

Kenzo Nakamura

Title of center project

Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe

Center nameInstitute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe

This center aims at establishing a multi-disciplinary research institutewith the unifying goal of understanding the universe from the synergistic
perspectives of physics, cosmology and mathematics. The Institute willbring many of the world’s leading theoretical physicists andmathematicians together to develop new formulations of thefundamental laws of nature, a crucial step toward solving the mysteriesof the universe.

Project Summary

We will study dark energy, dark matter, neutrinos, and physics beyond
the Standard Model of elementary particles and will follow these closely
related research threads toward a deeper and more comprehensive
view of the cosmos. The Institute will utilize state-of-the-art facilities(Super-Kamiokande, KamLAND, Subaru telescope, and LHC
accelerator) and will produce an unprecedented volume of precisiondata. We will invent new mathematical tools to analyze the data anddevelop new strategies for future experiments.
This center is a unique research institute in the world on the forefront ofphysics, cosmology and mathematics. It will attract highly motivatedyoung researchers, as well as established leading scientists fromaround the world and will greatly strengthen the foundation ofmathematical and physical sciences in Japan.
Physics and Mathematics

Research fields

Science’s fundamental and historic search for the fundamental laws of
Nature is built on the invention of new mathematics, and it has inspired
many important developments in the field. Approximately 40% of Field
Medalists in mathematics since 1990 have worked in areas closely
related to quantum field theory or string theory. No other area of sciencehas had such a great impact on mathematics in the past few decades,
and the rate of progress in this area suggests that this trend will only
accelerate in the future. Japan has long been strong in both physics andmathematics. The Institute will bring the world’s leading physicists andmathematicians together, build a unified community, redefine theboundaries between them, and help nurture future generations ofmathematical scientists.
The Insititue will also support and take advantage of superb
experimental programs. Japan continues to lead the world in the field of
underground physics including dark matter searches and the study ofneutrinos by capitalizing on two major underground detectors(Super-Kamiokande and KamLAND). A new instrument that enables awide-field, deep-sky survey of galaxies is being built for Japan’s largest
telescope, Subaru, which has a unique technical capability for suchprojects. The world highest energy accelerator LHC, to which Japan has
made significant contributions for construction, will become operationalby the end of this year, and the data on high energy collisions that mimic
those which occurred during the Big Bang, the birth of the Universe, will
be available to us.
Thus, the Institute will be a globally unique research center that spans
pure mathematics, theoretical physics, experimental physics,
astronomy, and applied mathematics. Frontier research projects in eachfield will motivate efforts in the others in a way not possible within theusual structure of academic institutions.
We will address a set of basic and deep questions about the universe,
its fundamental laws, its beginning, its fate and its mysterious
components, especially Dark Matter and Dark Energy. For this purpose,
we will create the new mathematics needed for a unified description of
the universe. This mathematical foundation will allow the formulation of
new physical theories with well-defined and testable predictions.
Technological innovations will follow to make new experiments possible;
the resulting data streams will stimulate further developments inmathematics.

Research objectives

The ambitious ten-year goals of the Institute’s activities are as follows:• Using new data from underground (neutrino) and accelerator(high energy particle) experiments, we aim to unveil the nature ofdark matter and develop a new paradigm in particle physics,
based on a unified physical theory and founded upon newmathematical tools and insights.
• The vast data volumes produced by next-generation galaxy
surveys will motivate applied mathematicians and statisticians todevelop the novel methods needed to extract subtle signals andmaximal information, thus uncovering any unanticipatedbehavior of the universe’s mysterious Dark Energy component.
• We will enumerate and classify solutions of string theory that willlead to the development of new types of geometries.
• Mathematical developments in integrable systems will allow
string theorists to find new classes of solutions which determine
the dynamical behavior of Dark Energy.
Taken together these goals will produce revolutionary and unifying
advances in physics, mathematics and cosmology.
The Institute Directorate consisting of the Director, Deputy Directors andAdministrative Director will have direct access to the Office of the
President, will be able to consult with the President and his staff
members and will thus share their management resources. Thanks tothis arrangement, we envision our administrative organization to be
streamlined, yet very effective. More than 50% of the staff members will
be bilingual.

Aside from the appointment of the Director and approval of PI
Outline of management selections, the Director will have the authority to make nearly all
decisions on the Institute’s composition, organization and operation.
The Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) to the Director consists of four
to five PIs of his choice. It will advise the Director on planning and hiring
staff members, as well as scientific directions, but the Director is solely
responsible for the final decisions. The PIs will have great autonomy in
the research they conduct and will be encouraged to fund their researchthrough competitive grants. They can make proposals to the Director tohire postdocs and term professors. The Director’s approval of suchappointments will reflect the scientific vision and priorities set by the（Host institution：

2

Title of Center Project：）Director, advised by the SAC.
An External Advisory Board (EAB) will review the Institute’s activities
annually and advise the Director on the effectiveness of its operational
priorities and research activities with respect to the proposed science
goals summarized above. At least half of the EAB’s members will bescientists from outside the University of Tokyo.
Initially the Institute will have 20 Principal Investigators and 3 administrative
staff members. By March, 2011, the Institute will have grown to 22 PI’s, 173
other researchers, 20 research support staff members and 10
administrative staff, totaling 225 core members of the Institute. The initial listof PI’s is: H.Murayama, Y.Suzuki, T.Kajita, M.Nakahata, M.Fukugita, H.
Aihara, K. Sato, K. Nomoto, T. Yanagida, M. Jimbo, T. Kohno, M.
Researchers and otherSugiyama, A. Tsuchiya, K.Inoue, H. Ooguri, K.Saito, M.Nojiri, D.Spergel.
center staffs
S.Katsanevas, H.Sobel. A satellite activity center will be established at
Kamioka. Department of Astrophysical Sciences of Princeton University,
Department of Physics of University of California Berkeley, IHES in France,
the Physics Department and the YITP at Kyoto University, NAOJ, KEK, andTohoku University Research Center for Neutrino Science will becollaborating institutions.
The Director has extensive experience leading research groups at
Berkeley and the Institute for Advanced Study and via service on
numerous scientific-policy making committees in the US and Japan. The
agreements with the University and the funds secured by the Director
will enable Institute researchers to focus on their research and on
scientific interactions with each other. The new Institute building, with a
Outline of researchlarge open area and amenities, will provide an attractive and stimulating
environment
environment for scientists from around the world. International
conferences and workshops held at the Institute will bring visitors tofurther stimulate the intellectual activities and to keep the Institute at theforefront of global science. The Institute will adopt a merit-based
compensation system with salaries based on individual performance
criteria.
The number of refereed journal papers by Institute authors and theircitation impact, plus the number of presentations the researchers deliver
Outline of indicators for at major international conferences will be monitored. The number of
evaluating a center’s visitors, and the number of foreign scientists among them, are otherglobal standing
objective indicators of the Institute’s contributions and visibility. We plan
to monitor the number of publications co-authored by mathematicians
and physicists as a measure of the synergy between the two disciplines.
The initial Institute PIs received a total of approximately $57M incompetitive funding during the last five years, and they have already
Securing research
secured approximately the same amount for the future. We are,funding
therefore, confident that they can maintain a similar funding profile in theera of this new Institute.
A world-class center of excellence for international research aligns
with the University's medium-term objectives and plan extremely well;hence the Institute will be the most important and visible organizational
unit and endeavor reporting to the President. It will thus receive
university-wide support under the specified achievement targets. Top
Summary of hostinstitution’s commitment priority will be given to financing and appropriating land for the Institute’s
new research building. Until the new research building is constructed at
the Kashiwa Campus, rooms and other space in the Kashiwa General
Research Building will be provided for activities of the Institute on apriority basis.

（Host institution：

3

Title of Center Project：）

Research Center Project
Host institution name

The University of Tokyo

Head of host institution

Hiroshi Komiyama (President, The University of Tokyo)

Title of center project

Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe

Center nameInstitute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe
This center aims at establishing a multi-disciplinary research institutewith the unifying goal of understanding the universe from the synergistic
perspectives of physics, cosmology and mathematics.
The institute brings the world’s leading theoretical physicists andmathematicians together to develop new formulations of thefundamental laws of nature, a crucial step toward solving the mysteriesof the universe. We will develop infinite analysis, the mathematics for
systems with infinite dimensional degrees of freedom, which will be used
to build new physical theories and derive their experimental predictions
and to invent statistical methods to analyze geometric data.
We will study dark energy, dark matter, neutrinos, and physics beyond
the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. The institute builds
on the state-of-the-art facilities (Super-Kamiokande, KamLAND, Subaru
telescope, and LHC accelerator) that will produce an unprecedented
amount of precision data for observational cosmology, astronomy andelementary particles physics. We aim to develop new mathematical
tools to analyze the data by taking full advantage of collaboration
between mathematicians and physicists, and will develop new
experimental strategies to attack the mysteries.

Project summary

This center is a unique research institute in the world on the forefront ofphysics, cosmology and mathematics and will lead to a new paradigm ofsciences in the 21st century. It will attract highly motivated young
researchers, as well as established leading scientists from around theworld and will greatly strengthen the foundation of mathematical andphysical sciences in Japan.
We will also bring topnotch female researchers as role model to inspire
women in Japan and promote Asian diversity.
・Include a chart that illustrates the center’s overall structure including its
collaborative linkages with other domestic and foreign institutions, its
system of external evaluation, and its management framework

(1) Research fields
・Fill in the name of the research field of the project.
・ Choose relevant fields from among ①－⑦ below, specifying the inter disciplinary field(s) thatthe project addresses.
①Biosciences, ②Chemistry, ③Material sciences, ④Electronics engineering and information
sciences,⑤Precision and mechanical engineering, ⑥Physics, ⑦Mathematics
Physics and Mathematics
・Describe the importance of the proposed research, including domestic and international R&D
trends in the field and Japan’s advantages.
）

・If centers in similar fields already exist in Japan or overseas, please list them.
Science’s fundamental and historic search for the fundamental laws of Nature is built on theinvention of new mathematics, and it has inspired many important developments in the field.
Famous examples include the simultaneous invention of Calculus and Newton’s mechanics andthe use of Riemannian Geometry in General Relativity. The interface of physics and mathematics
is alive and well. Approximately 40% of Fields Medalists in mathematics since 1990 have worked
in areas closely related to quantum field theory and string theory. Conformal field theory in two
dimensions, whose development was largely motivated by string theory, has been used to explain
the remarkable identities about the Monster group (Field Medal to Borcherds) and to describe
stochastic geometry (Fields Medal to Werner). Methods of topological string theory have revealed
deep connections among the Gromov-Witten invariants, gauge theory instantons, andcombinatorics (Fields Medals to Kontsevich and Okounkov). In return, these mathematicaldevelopments have provided powerful tools for quantum field theory and string theory.
No other area of science has had such a great impact on mathematics in the past few decades,
and the rate of progress in this area suggests that this trend will only accelerate in future. As
stressed, for example, in a recent National Research Council report, “Rising Above the Gathering
Storm,” in the United States, building up strength of mathematical and physical science is a key tolead in a highly competitive world scene of science and technology. Coincidentally, the Science
Council of Japan warned recently that Japan’s foundation of mathematics is at risk due to not
attracting young talented minds into this fundamental field. At the proposed Institute, we willbuild a community of physicists and mathematicians, redefine the boundaries between them andhelp nurture future generations of mathematical scientists. Uniquely to this Institute, we anticipate
cross-career development between mathematics and physics, such as a statistician moving toexperimental physics.
Mathematicians and physicists have very different work styles. Although two PI’s for mathematics
stay in their current Komaba campus, Tsuchiya and Saito will reside in Kashiwa as Principal
Investigators, who facilitate communication between physicists and mathematicians and maintainactivities in this area throughout the year. There will be semi-annual workshops that bringmathematicians and physicists together where they will share their common problems. Once thatis established, they will keep communicating over phone and video on individual bases, visiting
each other on as-needed basis, as well as organized seminars broadcast over the video tomaintain mutual interest. We also plan to have a state-of-art video conference system andinternet-blackboards between Kashiwa and Komaba that stay on 24/7 to make impromptu
discussions possible.
Our advantage of experimental programs is evident. Japan continues to lead the field of
underground physics including dark matter search and study of neutrinos by capitalizing on two
major underground detectors (Super-Kamiokande and KamLAND) at Kamioka, where a satelliteof the Institute will be established. Some principal investigators of the Institute are now building a
new instrument that enables a wide-field, deep survey of galaxies at Subaru telescope. The datafrom this instrument will most likely dominate the field of observational cosmology and astronomy
well into the next decade. Scientists in our Institute will have the first-hand access to high quality,
high precision data available from these world premier facilities. LHC, the world highest energy
accelerator, will become operational by the end of this year and the data of high energy collisions
that mimic Big Bang, the birth of the Universe, will be available to us. By bringing together theworld-leading mathematicians, theoretical physicists and experimental physicists and taking
advantage of the data available at the Institute, we will take on challenges of solving themysteries of the Universe. This is another reason why most active world-class scientists shouldcome to work at the Institute.
The Institute we will establish is a unique research center in the world that spans puremathematics, theoretical physics, experimental physics, astronomy, and applied mathematics.
This kind of Institute will be truly unique in the world. Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics is an
excellent institution, yet does only theoretical physics. There are many first-rate institutions thatcombine research in mathematics and theoretical physics, such as Isaac Newton Institute forMathematical Sciences in Cambridge, Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, IHES in France,and MSRI in Berkeley, but none of them include experimental physics in their program. There）are also great institutions on both theoretical and experimental physics, such as CERN, Fermilab,
SLAC, KEK, but none of them have mathematicians. The combination of science the proposed
Institute will include should attract best people from the world because of its uniqueness andpotential for major breakthroughs.
This project is timely and important in that Japan has currently positioned herself to lead thisresearch field and in that this initiative meets demand for Japan to keep a cutting edge in global
and competitive Science and Technology environment.

）

(2) Research objectives
・Describe in a clear and easy-to-understand manner the research objectives that the projectseeks to achieve by the end of the grant period (in 10 years). In describing the objectives, thefollowing should be articulated in an easily understandable manner: What new domains are
expected to be pioneered by fusing the target fields. In the process, what world-level scientificissues are sought to be resolved. What is the expected impact of the scientific advances to beachieved on society in the future.
・Describe concretely the research plan to achieve the objectives, and any related pastachievements by the host institution.
At this Institute we address big questions about the universe, its fundamental laws, its beginning,
its fate, and its mysterious components, such as Dark Matter and Dark Energy. For thispurpose, we will create new mathematics needed for the unified description of the universe. It
will enable new physical theories with testable predictions. Technological innovations follow tomake new experiments possible; whose data will further stimulate development in mathematics.
This upward spiral will move the science
forward, exciting the public at large andmotivating students to enter mathematics,
science, and engineering to become thenext-generation workforce.
Even though it is difficult to accurately predictthe possible deliverables from this Instituteaimed at basic (not applied) research, here are a
few examples of new possible domains we may
pioneer on the ten-year time scale:
•
•

•
•

Effort by string theorists to enumerateand classify solutions leads todevelopment of new class of geometries.
New data on dark matter fromundergroundandaccelerator
experiments of the Institute require new paradigm in particle physics changing the course
towards the unified theory in physics, and require new mathematics.
Mathematical developments in integrable systems allow string theorists to work out newclass of solutions that suggest a dynamical behavior of Dark Energy, and prompt new typeof observational strategies in spectroscopic galaxy surveys.
The vast data from the next-generation galaxy surveys nudge the applied mathematicians
and statisticians to develop a novel method to extract subtle information from the last dataset, uncovering an unanticipated new behavior of Dark Energy.

In all anticipated examples including those above, pure mathematics, theoretical physics,
experimental physics underground, astrophysical, and accelerator-based, and instrumentation
will motivate each other’s efforts in a way not possible in the usual structure of academic
institutions where these activities tend to be decoupled from each other. All of these scientificobjectives are keenly shared worldwide, and any discoveries at the Institute will have immediate
impacts on the global scale.
To ensure this cross-development of this type, we assembled an amazing group of researchers
from around the world. They all have a strong track record in working on subjects not confinedin their specific research areas, but extend well beyond the boundaries.
The Institute also builds on the strengths of the Japanese science community in many ways.
University of Tokyo and Tohoku University lead the world in well-known success in neutrino
physics and move to wider scopes of underground experiments such as dark matter searches.
The Subaru telescope, the largest field of view among the world 8m class telescopes, will be
exploited.
）There is a long tradition for physicists and mathematics to work together which was especiallytrue in the 90’s and can be revamped in the 21st century. There is close relationship between
theoretical and experimental particle physicists working on physics beyond the standard model
which is unparalleled in the world.
The research plan is mostly about bringing in superb scientists in the relevant areas as termed
professors, postdocs, and visitors. All Principal Investigators have a strong track record insecuring and managing competitive grants for their research. Focused workshops at theinterface of physics, mathematics, and astronomy will bring in worldwide leading scientists to theInstitute and breed new directions in the fields and redefine their boundaries. Generous start-up
packages and seed money for developing new ideas towards future experiments will bring incompetitive grants further.
Frequent interactions among the PI’s ensure new directions will
emerge at the interface of the traditional boundaries of the subfields.
We anticipate big societal impacts of the Institute in the following way. The questions that the
proposed Institute addresses are easy to relate to for laypersons. Excitement in the newparadigms in our understanding of the universe spark interest and imagination among young
students and more of them enter the fields of mathematics, sciences and engineering to build astronger future workforce. New experimental initiatives from the Institute will require newtechnologies in particular in instrumentations, which get transferred to the industry for new
purposes. For instance, development in multi-fiber technology needed for future galaxy surveys
may well lead to medical applications. It also reverses the tide of brain-drain from Japan not
only by bringing back the Japanese researchers who left the country, but also bringing worldwide
researchers to Japan because of the attractive research opportunities.
(3) Managementi) Center director
・Fill in the name of the prospective center director, his/her age (as of 1 October 2007), current
affiliation and position title, and specialties. Describe his/her qualifications to be the center
director.
・Attach a biographical sketch of the prospective center director using Appendix 2.
・How does the prospective center director intend to construct the center and what is his/hervision of objectives to be achieved? Provide a synopsis written by the prospective center
director (free format).
・If possible, attach a letter (s) of recommendation for the prospective center director fromresearchers with world-standard achievements in the subject field.
Hitoshi Murayama (Age of 43),
MacAdams Professor of Physics, University of California, Berkeley,Department of Physics, andFaculty Senior Staff, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
Theoretical Physics
Qualifications to be the center director:
Professor Murayama is one of the world’s leading theoretical elementary particle physicists
and of an outstanding stature. His research specialty and achievements span from thefundamental mathematical physics to phenomenological physics and to experimental researchof neutrino physics. His scientific breadth is one of key qualifications to be considered as
director. He is highly respected and has been deemed as one of the young leaders in thefundamental science community. Professor Murayama has served on numerous
scientific-policy making committees in US, Japan and Europe. His breadth of scientific visions
and outstanding communications skills together with his tremendous scientific achievements
distinguish him as one of the true leaders in the field. Professor Drell emphasizes that one of
the most critical roles of the institute director, in addition to articulating the scientific vision, will
be to attract talent and foster a culture of collaboration at the institute. Professor Drell attests
that Professor Murayama is one of very few gifted people who have the ability to bring people）together and develop the institute into something greater than the sum of its individuals.
Professor Murayama is best qualified to command this new, bold and timely WPI program,“the Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe.”
Professor Murayama will return to the University of Tokyo in January 2008 and will work forthe project as its full-time directorii) Administrative director
・Fill in the name of the prospective administrative director, his/her age (as of 1 October 2007),
current affiliation and position title. Describe his/her qualifications to be the administrative
director.
・Attach a CV of the prospective administrative director (free format).
Kenzo Nakamura (Age of 62)
Professor, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK
Qualifications to be the administrative director:
Professor Nakamura had served as Head of Experimental Planning & Coordination Group at
KEK for 1995-1997, and subsequently as Head of Physics Department III of Institute of Particle
and Nuclear Studies at KEK for 1997-2006. His experience and excellent administrative skills
will be indispensable to start up the administrative organization of the Institute and maintainhighly efficient and effective function of the administration. He has extensive experience of how
to supervise administrative staff members. Because he is a physicist by training he will bereadily integrated to the scientific organization and will be able to work coherently withresearchers in the Institute. Professor Nakamura knows and understands what makes a work
environment most adequate to researchers. We are extremely pleased and fortunate to have
Professor Nakamura as head of the administrative staff.
iii) Composition of administrative staff
・Concretely describe how the administrative staff is organized.
The administrative staff is an integral part of the Institute. The administrative organization belongs
to Directorate that consists of the Director, Deputy Directors and Administrative director. Because
this Institute belongs directly to the Office of the President (without any other intervening layers ofadministration), the University has committed to make administration resource at the University
headquarter available to the Institute. The Institute directorate will have direct access to theadministration office at the University headquarter and will share its resources. With this direct
coupling to the Office of the President, we envision our administrative organization will be
streamlined, yet very effective to provide the best possible environment to the researchers in theInstitute.
On site, we will have, under the administrative director’s supervision, offices devoted to 1) generalaffairs and human resources, 2) financial/budget planning and accounting 3) information andpublic communication/outreach, and 4) international affairs. Each office consists of a chief officer
and a few assistants. These offices will perform day-to-day administrative function and will,
whenever necessary, work directly with the directors of the institute. The office of international
affairs is particularly important for the institute. It helps our foreign employees and visitors to findhouses, international schools for their children, and helps for organizing international conferences
and workshops. We hire skilled experts for many sections and plan to fill more than 50% of staff
member positions by persons who are bilingual.
iv) Decision-making system
・Concretely describe the center’s decision-making system.
As shown in the organization chart included in the section of Project Summary, except for
personnel decisions regarding the center director and principal investigators (PI’s), which will bemade by the President, the center Director has a complete authority of making a wide range ofdecisions, including proposing recruitment of PI’s to the President, appointing staff researchers,）postdoctoral researchers, research support staff members and administrative employees. The
Director will be assisted, whenever needed, by two deputy directors and by the administrative
director.
The administrative director conducts administrative business and oversees the staff members
who take care of visitors from other Japanese institutions and from abroad. His function enables
the Director to spend more time to consider the Institute at large and to focus on the direction of
the research. The Director will have direct access to the Office of the President and will be able toconsult with the President and his assistant staff members.
The Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) reporting to the Director consists of four to five PI’s of
his choice. They advise the Director on planning of hiring staff members as well as scientificdirections. The role is strictly advisory. The Director is solely responsible for making the final
decisions. The PI’s have a large autonomy in the research they conduct and they are encouraged
to fund their research through competitive grants. They can make a proposal to the Director tohire postdocs and termed professors to help their research. The Director’s approval on the
proposed appointments will reflect the scientific vision and priorities set by the Director, who may
consult the SAC as needed.
Of particular importance is the External Advisory Board (EAB) who will review annually thescientific achievement and activities of the Institute and advise the Director on the scientificpriorities and the research activities to keep the Institute stay on the course of the proposedscience. At least half of EAB members consist of scientists from institutes other than the
University of Tokyo.
v) Allocation of authority between the center director and the host institution’s side
・Concretely describe how authority is allocated between the center director and the hostinstitution’s side.
We have agreement with the Office of the President that except for the appointment of the
Director and approval of appointments of PIs, the center Director has the authority to make a wide
range of decisions from how to compose and organize the institute to how to operate it.
(4) Researchers and other center staffsi) The “core” to be established within the host institutiona) Principal Investigators (full professors, associate professors or other researchers ofcomparable standing)numbers
Final goal
At end of FY
At beginning(Date: month,
2007
year)
Researchers from within
the host institution10
10
10 (Mar,2009)
Foreign researchers invitedfrom abroad557 (Mar,2009)
Researchers invited from otherJapanese institutions
5
5
5
Total principal investigators

20

20

22 (Mar,2009)

・Describe the concrete plan to achieve final staffing goal, including steps and timetables.
・Attach a list of principal investigators who are expected to join the center at the time of theapplication using Appendix 1. Place an asterisk (*) by names of the investigators
considered to be ranked among the world’s top researchers. Describe the policy andstrategy for inviting the rest of PIs who are to be invited in the future.
・Attach a biographical sketch of each investigator using Appendix 2.
・As for the researchers invited from abroad or from other Japanese institutions, attach aletter of intent from each of them to join the center project (free format).
By the end of FY 2008 (Mar, 2009) we plan to recruit two more PI’s who work on theoretical）cosmology and/or particle physics phenomenology. Potential candidates have been identified
and we will actively pursue the opportunities.

b) Total members
Numbers
At beginning

At end of FY
2007

Final goal
(Date: month,year)
195(Mar,2011)(69, 35%)
22 (Mar,2009)(6, 27%)

Researchers
20
66 (Mar,2009)(Number of foreign researchers(5, 25%)(14, 21%)
among them and their percentage)
Principal investigators
20
20(Number of foreign researchers(5, 25%)(5, 25%)among them and theirpercentage)
Other researchers
048
173(Mar,2011(Number of foreign researchers(9, 19%))(63, 36%)
among them and theirpercentage）
Research support staffs
010
20 (Mar,2009)
Administrative staffs
3
10
10
Total number of people who form
23
86
225
the “core” of the research center( Mar, 2011)
・Describe your concrete plan to achieve the final staffing goal, including steps andtimetables.
We plan to hire two or more termed associated professors who work with PI’s in the area ofobservational and theoretical cosmology by the end of JFY2008.
We have identified as a candidate for the termed professor a mid-career mathematicalphysicist who is currently a faculty member with a joint appointment between Mathematics
and Physics Departments in a major research university abroad. We also plan to make an
appointment of a termed associate professor who will lead the analysis of LHC data. Both of
the appointments are to be made by the end of JFY2008.
Starting immediately we aggressively solicit postdoctoral fellows. We plan to make 7
appointments in JFY2007 and additional 21 in FY2008. Three administrative staffs will betransferred from the University headquarter to the Institute. Three additional administrative
staffs will be hired by the Institute in FY2007.
Therefore, the Institute as a whole, including researchers from collaborating institutions andothers, will become an organization consisting of more than 200 researchers.
ii) Collaboration with other institutions
・If the “core” forms linkages with other institutions, domestic and/or foreign, by establishingsatellite functions, fill in the name of the partner institution(s), and describe the role of thesatellite functions, personnel composition and structure, and collaborative framework between
the host institution and the said partner institutions (e.g., contracts to be concluded, scheme
for resource transfer).
・If some of the principal investigators will be stationed at satellites, attach a list of these principal
investigators and the name of their satellite organizations using Appendix 1, and provide abiographical sketch of each using Appendix 2.
・If the “core” forms organic linkages with other institutions, domestic and/or foreign, withoutestablishing satellite functions, fill in the names of the partner institutions and describe theirroles and linkages within the center project.
）

The institute establishes an IPMU Kamioka satellite to promote closer collaboration with theneutrino group. It locates close to the Super-Kamiokande and KamLAND detectors. It gathers
researchers who work on the underground experimental activities such as study of neutrino
physics and XMASS, a new dark matter search experiment that has recently been funded. Two
PI’s, Professor Masayuki Nakahata of University of Tokyo and Professor Kunio Inoue of Tohoku
University, will be stationed at the satellite and we will have researches jointly appointed fromneutrino group.
One of the PI’S has already a grant with scientists at NAOJ to pursue the dark energy project.
We also gather scientists from the world to conduct an analysis on the data from LHC. We havealready a candidate for an associate professor.
Principal Investigators of the Institute collaborate with scientists from the following institutions:
1) IHES (Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques) in France (for mathematics),
2) Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University (for theoreticalphysics),3) Department of Physics, Kyoto University (for neutrino physics),
4) High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) (for neutrino physics),
5) National Astronomical Observatory in Japan (NAOJ) (for dark energy survey andastronomy),6) Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University in USA (for dark energy survey
and astronomy)7) Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley in USA (for theoretical physics),
8) Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University.
(５) Research Environmentⅰ) Provide an environment in which researchers can devote themselves exclusively totheir research, by exempting them from other duties and providing them with adequate
staff support to handle paperwork and other administrative functions.
The Director will secure the funds to hire administrative staff and research support staffs toassure that researchers of the Institute be exempt from paper works associated with conducing
researchers. In addition, for PI’s from University of Tokyo, the Office of the President will provide
resources that enable PI’s to substitute their teaching duties in their original departments.
ⅱ）Provide startup research funding as necessary to ensure that top-caliber researchers
invited to the center do not upon arrival lose momentum in vigorously pursuing their workout of concern over the need to apply immediately for competitive grants.
Many of PI’s of the Institute have already secured research fund by winning competitive grants.
The Director will secure startup funds for young researchers and postdoctotal fellows hired by theInstitute.
ⅲ) As a rule, fill postdoctoral positions through open international solicitations.
We will post all the job openings on major journals of the community such as Physics Today andwill contact proactively via Emails leading scientists of the field, both in Japan and abroad, tosolicit outstanding candidates.
ⅳ) Establish English as the primary language for work-related communication, andappoint administrative personnel who can facilitate the use of English in the work process.
In the fields of particle physics, mathematics and astronomy it has been the standard practice forresearchers to speak English for work-related communication. We will assemble administrative
staff members as well as research support members who are fluent in English with help from the
Office of the President.
ⅴ) Adopt a rigorous system for evaluating research and a system of merit-based
compensation. (For example, institute a merit-based annual salary system primarily for
researchers from outside the host institution. As a basic rule, the salaries of researchers
who were already employed at the host institution prior to the centers’ establishment are）to be paid by the host institution.)
Salary of the center director will be negotiated through the office of the President. Annual
salaries for PI’s will be decided by the Director. Salaries of researchers other than PI’s will bedecided by the Director with consultation to Deputy Directors. Evaluation of researchers will bestrictly merit-based and will include citation counts, invited talks at international conference,cross-disciplinary papers, salaries at competing institutions abroad, and leadership roles at theInstitute.
ⅵ) Provide equipment and facilities, including laboratory space, appropriate to a top
world-level research center.
The University administration pledges to build a new building on Kashiwa campus for theInstitute. The architecture will follow the style of Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at UC Santa
Barbara and Center for Theoretical Physics at UC Berkeley with a large open area and amenities.
It will provide an attractive and competitive environment for researchers from around the world.
We plan to have a state-of-art video conference system and internet-blackboards among
Kashiwa, Hongo, Komaba, Kamioka and other collaborating institutions that stay on 24hours aday, 7days a week to make impromptu discussions possible.
ⅶ) Hold international research conferences or symposiums regularly (at least once ayear) to bring the world’s leading researchers together at the center.
Annual international conference at the Institute as well as long-duration workshops à la Kavli
Institute for Theoretical Physics and Aspen Center for Physics will be held. They will bring invisitors to further stimulate the intellectual activities and keep the Institute at the forefront ofworldwide science.
ⅷ) Other measures to ensure that top-caliber researchers from around the world can
comfortably devote themselves to their research in a competitive international
environment, if any.
The University is constructing Kashiwa International Lodge that will be a main residential facility
for foreign researchers who have moved to the Institute and short-term visitors. Meanwhile, theUniversity will help the foreign researchers to find housings. The Institute’s foreign affairs officewill fully conduct the business related to foreign researchers together with the Office of the
President.
(6) Indicators for evaluating a center’s global standingⅰ) Criteria and m ethods to be used for evaluating the center’s global standing in the subject
fieldii) Results of current assessment made using said criteria and methodsii) Goals to be achieved through the project (at time of interim and final evaluations）
1) We introduce quantitative and objective methods to evaluate the Institute’s global standing.
The number of refereed journal papers, the number of citations of the papers the Instituteresearchers published, and the number of presentations our researchers deliver in the majorinternational conferences will be kept monitored and tracked. These “numbers” form a base ofevaluation of the center ‘s global standing.
2) The number of visitors and the number of foreign visitors among them are another objective
indicator to measure the activity and visibility of the Institute.
3) In order to evaluate how effective the Institute is to bring mathematicians and physicists
together, we plan to monitor the number of publications co-authored by mathematicians andphysicists. It will be a measure of the synergy between the two disciplines.
The proposed institute has already positioned itself as one of the most cited Institutions in Physics）

research. This is because all the principal investigators we assembled are leading scientists intheir own discipline and the number of citations of each investigator is outstanding.
Criteria 2 and 3 are, of course, yet to be applied.
The goal to meet the criteria 1) is clear. We will maintain the statue of the most cited Institution in
Physics and Mathematics. We aim to be one of the most visible research organizations inPhysics and Mathematics.
(7) Securing research fundingⅰ) Past record
・Indicate the total amount of research funding (e.g., competitive funding) secured by principal
investigators who will join the center project. Itemize by fiscal year (FY2002-2006) taking into
account the percentage of time each will devote to research activities at the center vis-à-vis
the total time they spend conducting research activities （“Effort ②” in Appendix 2）. For
example, if this percentage is 70%, then 70% of his/her research funds can be counted in
calculating the total amount of research funds.
FY2002: $9.7M, FY2003: $10.9M, FY2004: $9.5M, FY2005: $13.2M, FY2006: $13.6M(in units of US dollars, Exchange Rate: JPY/USD=120)
Grand total of competitive funding awarded to PI’s over past 5 years is $56.9M.
ii) Prospects after establishment of the center・ Based on the past record, describe the concrete prospects for securing resources that matchor exceed the project grant.
・ Calculate the total amount of research funding (e.g., competitive funding) based on thepercentage of time the researchers devote to research activities at the center vis-à-vis thetotal time they spend conducting research activities （“Effort ②” in Appendix 2）. Be sure theprospects are realistically based on the past record.
Principal Investigators of the Institute have already secured competitive funding that amounts toapproximately $55M, the same level as that of the past five years. We are, therefore, confident
to maintain the same funding profile well into the era of this new Institute.
Others・ Describe activities and initiatives to be taken after project funding ends.
We intend to keep the Institute as the advanced institute of the University, a permanent entity thatbelongs to the University. We plan to work, with the Office of the President, to raise the fund.
・ Describe expected ripple effects （e.g., how the proposed research center project will have
trailblazing components that can be referred to by other departments in the host institution
and/or other research institutions when attempting to build their own top world-level research
centers）.
We are confident that our aggressive approach to assemble the world-leading scientists fromother institutions from within Japan or from abroad and our ambitious organization will havesignificant impact to the University. Also the merit-based evaluation system we introduce would
be so attractive to young researchers that it could become a model that other institutions would
follow.
・ Describe other important measures to be taken in creating a world premier international
research center, if any.
We will be proactive to raise funding for the Institute. In particular, we engage fundraising from theprivate sector both in Japan and abroad.
）In order to promote competitive atmosphere among PI’s and senior researchers, we plan toinstitute a named distinguished professorship. It will be awarded by the Institute Director to an
Institute professor after rigorous evaluation of his/her performance at the Institute.
・ If one or more of the projects applying for Global COE program have some connections withthis research center project, list the project title(s) , outline(s), group leader(s) and therelationship(s) with this project.
Since the call for proposal of Global COE program for the disciplines related to the Institute,which are mathematics and physics, is scheduled for FY2008, there are no Global COE
programs to list. Some of PI’s, however, will definitely be involved in some of Global COE
proposals that are under consideration. We as the Institute will seek close collaboration withsuch Global COE programs once they have been more developed and its relevance to theInstitute has become more evident.

）Institutefor the Physics and Mathematicsof the Universe
September 27, 2007
Vision by the Director, Hitoshi Murayama, University of California, Berkeley
The Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe is a unique research centerin the world that spans from pure mathematics to theoretical physics, to experimental
physics, astronomy, and applied mathematics. We address big questions about theuniverse, its fundamental laws, its beginning, its fate, and its mysterious components,
such as Dark Matter and Dark Energy. For this purpose, we will create new mathematics
needed for the unified description of the universe. It will enable new physical theories
with testable predictions. Technological innovations follow to make new experiments
possible; whose data will further stimulate development in mathematics. This upward
spiral will move the science forward, exciting the public at large and motivating students
to enter mathematics, science, and engineering to become the next-generation workforce.

1. Introduction
As far back as the history goes, human beings have always pondered about the origin of
the universe, how it is structured, how it works, and where it is going. The study of theuniverse is the most ancient science and most fundamental. By using modern technology
and development of theoretical framework, we can now address the ancient questions thatwere once studied only by pure thought. This Institute is nothing but an attack on theultimate questions of humans:(1) How did the universe start?
(2) What is the universe made of?
(3) What is the fate of the universe?
(4) What are its fundamental laws?
(5) Why do we exist?
There is no doubt that they are truly fundamental, worthwhile, yet extremely challenging
questions. Answers to these questions are what Einstein once dreamed about in his questof the “unified field theory.” The Institute we propose is aimed squarely at the unified
description of the universe, based on multi-disciplinary framework that combines physics,
astronomy, and mathematics. It will be a unique research center in the world that spansthe disciplines from mathematics to experimental physics addressing the big questions
about the universe. In addition, the list of the Principal Investigators we managed toassemble will be a magnet to attract more world-leading scientists to the Institute asvisitors and collaborators. There is a good potential that the Institute will uncover a newparadigm of the universe based on a new mathematical framework and new precision
data developed by the participating scientists.

2. Science
My vision of the Institute is a multiprong but coherent attack on thefundamental questions about theuniverse. It is based on three broad
experimental approaches, tied together
with two common threads.

2.1 Why Physics andMathematics?
The reason for the combination of physics, mathematics, and astronomy is quite obvious.
It has been the case, and will be for the foreseeable future, that mathematics is thefoundation for all sciences. Physics and astronomy are the most quantitative amongsciences and rely heavily on the most advanced types of mathematics. At the same time,
the need to build cutting-edge theories in physics sparked inspiration among
mathematicians, often opening new directions in mathematics research as evidenced byrecent Fields medals.
The fundamental impact of mathematics on our understanding of the universe is welldescribed in this quote from Galileo Galilei: “Philosophy is written in this grand book – Imean the Universe – which stands continually open to our gaze, but it cannot be
understood unless one first learns to comprehend the language and interpret thecharacters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, without
which it is humanly impossible to understand a single word of.”This type of cross-development has been an important strength of science in Japan, andsome of the best practitioners in this area are represented as Principal Investigators of theInstitute. The Institute will provide a meeting place for physicists and mathematicians
interested in fundamental questions of the universe. It will enhance their interaction,
nurture young talents, and help secure future progress of mathematical and physicalsciences in Japan. New theories of physics developed with help of mathematics provide
further motivation to use the universe as a whole as a laboratory, requiring advances inastronomy. Conversely, data from astrophysical observations have been the key impetus
to develop deep insight into the inner workings of the universe since the time ofCopernicus, Newton, to Einstein and today.

2.2 The Three Experimental Approaches
Let me briefly review what we know
about what the universe is made of. For
centuries, humans had believed that theentire universe is made of the samematerial we are made of, namely atoms.
In the past decade, this belief wascompletely overturned. The atoms makeup less than 5% of the universe. The dark
matter comprises the rest of the matter, about 23% of the universe, yet we do not knowwhat it is. The remainder of about 72% is dark energy that is supposed to be responsible
for the accelerated expansion of the universe. We know even less about what darkenergy is. In addition to the discovery that there are unknown components in theuniverse, there are also mysteries about the components that should exist yet we don’t
find. Anti-matter can be created in the laboratory and was surely created in Big Bang.
Yet we do not see it in the universe. In addition, we know the universe issuperconducting and makes certain kinds of forces short-ranged within a billionth of ananometer while keeping electromagnetism and gravity long-ranged. The energy densityof the superconductor should contribute about 1062% to that of the universe, which must
be cancelled by yet another component at an incredible accuracy. All of theseobservations cry out for a new paradigm of the universe, and hence new physics and newmathematics.

a) Underground
One broad experimental approach to address these questions is underground experiments
for rare processes. This is precisely where Japan is leading the world and we can buildon the existing strength. Prof. Koshiba won 2002 Nobel prize in physics for his discoveryof neutrinos from the supernova 1987A, a massive star that had reached its end of life
with a tremendous explosion as bright as an entire galaxy. He demonstrated thatneutrinos can be used to study the universe in a way not imagined before with the
Kamiokande detector. The SuperKamiokande and KamLAND experiments running rightnow undoubtedly lead the world in this area, addressing fundamental questions about theuniverse and the unified theory behind it. To a great surprise to the scientific community,
they discovered that ghostly neutrinos have tiny but finite masses at the level predicted by
the unified theories at 13 orders of magnitude beyond the reach of the current accelerator
experiments. Thus, the neutrino masses are giving us a precious glimpse of physics at theultra-high energy and very early universe.
I anticipate this tradition will continue, because the underground science is far from overbut is actually flourishing. For example, underground experiments are likely avenues todiscover the dark matter of the universe. While dark matter makes up most of the massof the Galaxy, its nature remains a mystery. It is perhaps ironic that the best way to study
the universe is to go underground. Another example is the discovery of a new type ofneutrino mixing at SuperKamiokande with a neutrino beam from the J-PARC accelerator
in Tokai village. It opens a novel way to attack the mystery why we exist in the universeat all, namely the preponderance of matter over anti-matter.

b) SkyOn the other hand, the experimental approach to look up at the sky is undoubtedly a very
essential one. Both in ground-based and space-based observations, we have made great
strides in recent years. For instance, we have determined the breakdown of thecomposition of the universe. In addition to the unknown dark matter component, theuniverse is dominated by the dark energy that is even less understood. It is ripping theuniverse apart, and appears to be an infinite source of energy. Large-scale galaxy surveys,
in particular aimed at the baryonic acoustic oscillations that would precisely determine
how quickly the dark energy generates energy, more detailed studies of cosmic
microwave background, in particular aimed at the B-mode polarization that would
determine the energy scale of the inflation, and advanced computing for sophisticateddata analysis will further revolutionize our understanding of the universe. Japan iscatching up with the Americans and Europeans in this area, and is poised to make criticaladvances thanks to the new Subaru telescope.

c) Accelerator
Finally the most direct assault on the mysteries of the universe comes from the bruteforce method that tries to recreate the Big Bang in the laboratory, namely particle
accelerators. They smash microscopic particles at ever increasing energies to mimic the
Big Bang in a “Little Bang” that brings us direct and critical information on the conditionat the birth of the universe. Japan leads the world in construction and operation ofparticle accelerators as evidenced by the incredible success of KEK-B; it beats the closest
competitor in the US by more than a factor of three in its performance. This year, the newhighest energy accelerator, LHC, starts operation in Europe, and Japan is an essential
member of this frontier science. It contributed both financially and technologically. On
the other hand, Japan needs to be stronger in the large-scale data analysis with increased
human resources, exploiting the precious data set, competing with the European center, toensure a successful future in this area.
Note that the Institute funds will not be used to subsidize the existing experimental
programs with these three approaches that are already funded through competitive grants.
Instead, the Institute will maximize the scientific output from these programs by freeing
up time of PIs from duties to focus on research, hiring postdocs and termed professors to
add personnel for data analyses, and start development work for future projects withsmall seed money.

2.3 Common Threads
It is clear to me that the mysteries of the universe can be revealed only through the multiprong experimental assault on these three fronts: underground, sky, and accelerator. The
Institute we propose will push all of these approaches in a realistic manner that builds onthe current strengths of science in Japan. On the other hand, this push will not succeed
without common threads that tie them together. The threads I envision are theoreticalphysics that is closely tied with the highly advanced mathematics, and instrumentation
and applied mathematics that can be shared by the disparate experimental approaches.
Theoretical physics aims to develop the unified description of the universe based on theavailable data, and allows us to guide the future plans for next-generation experiments.
To tackle the challenging mystery at the birth of the universe, new types of highlysophisticated mathematics will be needed. The multi-disciplinary fusion of physics,
mathematics, and astronomy, therefore, will be crucial for the success of the Institute.
Japan has a long-standing tradition in this area, starting from the past Nobel prizes
awarded to Yukawa and Tomonaga. Historically, many critical advances in mathematics
came from the need to formulate important questions in physics, and this tradition
continues to date. I envision the effort to come up with unified understanding of theuniverse at its most fundamental level would require new mathematics not available
today; it will spark inspiration among world-leading mathematicians of the Institute tolaunch new directions in mathematics. At the same time, world-leading theoreticalphysicists at the Institute will benefit from such new directions and use them in theireffort to build the unified theory of the universe.
In addition, applied mathematics and statistics would provide novel approach to deal withhuge data set provided from next-generation experiments. The future data from galaxy
surveys, accelerator and underground data will be measured in Pentabytes (billion
Megabytes) and pose an incredible challenge in extracting critical scientific informationout of them. Recently new methodologies such as neural networks, boosted decision tree,
and Markov chain Monte Carlo, have been applied to large data set; on the other hand,the need to deal with such a huge data set inspires applied mathematicians to discoverfurther innovative methodologies. For example, there is need to treat geometric objects,
such as event displays and galaxy images, on a statistical bases. The “stochastic
geometry” that addresses these needs has been hampered by a slow progress in part due
to the lack of specific problems to attack. The data from experiments the Institute willdeal with provide specific problems and boost progress in developing new methodologies
in this new area of mathematics/statistics. This way, the Institute will cope with datafrom disparate experimental efforts that nonetheless benefit from this common problem
and interaction with mathematicians.
Furthermore, new experimental ideas emerge from the interaction of theorists andexperimentalists, which would require “try-outs” at small scales to refine the ideas before
they can be proposed as realistic projects. Sharing expertise and experience ininstrumentation and data analysis will be the key, and small amounts of “seed money”
supported by the Institute will kick-start the actual development work. Once thedevelopment work matures, the PIs will seek support from competitive grants for theactual experiments. The initial examples will include development of multi-fiber
spectrograph for future large-scale spectroscopic galaxy surveys, phototubes and ultralow
background environment for future underground experiments. As a highly technologicalcountry, Japan surely can provide leadership in this area.
This way, theory/pure mathematics and instrumentation/applied mathematics provide two
critical common threads to the three broad experimental approaches mentioned above.
Putting them together, I believe this Institute will provide an exciting environment thatbuilds on the current strengths in the Japanese scientific scene, makes a strong push inthree broad experimental approaches, yet provides critical common threads to keep thediverse activity coherent.
This kind of Institute will be truly unique in the world. Kavli Institute for Theoretical
Physics is a fantastic place, yet does only theoretical physics. There are many first-rateinstitutions that combine research in mathematics and theoretical physics, such as Isaac
Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences in Cambridge, Institute for Advanced Studyin Princeton, IHES in France, such as MSRI in Berkeley, but none of them include
experimental physics in their program. There are also great institutions on boththeoretical and experimental physics, such as CERN, Fermilab, SLAC, KEK, but none ofthem have mathematicians. The combination of science this Institute will include should
attract best people from the world because of its uniqueness and potential for major
breakthroughs.

3. Synergy of Mathematics and Physics
Since it may not be obvious how exactly mathematics and physics can stimulate eachother’s progress, I’d like to describe some background behind this anticipated fruitfulfusion based on historical examples with an emphasis on the role played by our members.
The search for the fundamental laws of Nature requires inventing new mathematics, andit has inspired many important developments in mathematics. For example,
approximately 40% of Fields Medalists in mathematics since 1990 have worked in areas
closely related to quantum field theory and string theory. No other area of science has had
such a great impact on mathematics in the past few decades, and the rate of progress inthis area suggests that this trend will only accelerate in future. At the same time, newtheoretical tools developed by mathematicians have had an enormous impact on progressof particle physics. For example, they have enabled physicists to evaluate strongly
coupled effects in quantum field theory and string theory at the level that was
unimaginable 20 years ago.
In the past couple of decades, remarkable progress has been made in applications ofstring theory to problems in geometry. The mirror symmetry, predicted by physicists andproven by mathematicians, gave a powerful tool to compute Gromov-Witten invariants ofsymplectic manifolds. Moreover, collaborations of mathematicians and physicists haveuncovered surprising relations of these computations to gauge theory instantons,
integrable statistical systems, and combinatorics. Currently, this is one of the most active
areas in geometry, and its progress has lead to two Fields Medals in mathematics(Kontsevich and Okounkov).
Hirosi Ooguri has been one of the leaders in this area in physics, and he has used
Gromov-Witten invariants and related mathematics to address fundamental questions in
the unification and quantum gravity. I have also identified another mathematical physicist,
who has made important contributions in this area, as a candidate for a mid-career
member in residence at Kashiwa. The candidate is currently a faculty member in a joint
appointment in mathematics and physics at a major research university abroad with anextensive record of collaborations with both mathematicians and physicists. Moreover,there are mathematics faculty members in Komaba, who have worked on Gromov-Witten
invariants and related mathematics. Kontsevich and Nekrasov of IHES, France have also
agreed to be collaborative researchers of the Institute. I expect that the Institute will leadthe world in this area.
Arguably, the most famous example of discovery of new mathematics inspired byphysics is the simultaneous invention of Calculus and Newton’s Mechanics. In this case,precise mathematical formulations of infinitesimal and continuity were essential. Looking
forward to future, I expect that developing tools to analyze systems with infinite
dimensional degrees of freedom – infinite analysis – will play an equally important rolein mathematics and physics of the 21st century.
QCD, which describes strong interactions of elementary particles, is an example of an
infinite dimensional system. In 2000, the Clay Mathematics Institute posed Seven
Millennium Problems. One of them is an existence proof of QCD with a demonstration of
its confinement property since it is expected that its solution would totally alter our viewof the short-distance frontier in physics while opening up new and fertile ground formathematical research. Another example of infinite analysis would be stringy geometry.
Traditionally, mathematicians have studied geometric objects with a point-like object as aprobe. String, as being an object extended in space, would provide a new perspective ingeometry. This has already been evidenced in the mirror symmetry and Gromov-Witten
invariant, discussed in the above. But, I think they are just tips of a big iceberg and more
will come from this direction in mathematics. Mathematical tools developed in this area
would enable physicists to derive more robust predictions from string theory.
Infinite analysis is also relevant to statistics of geometrical objects. For example,
techniques of conformal field theory have been used to study stochastic geometry of selfavoiding random walks – the citation of Fields Medal to Werner last year. Research inthis direction may lead to new tools to analyze geometric data from astrophysicalobservations and accelerator physics experiments.
In the late 80’s and early 90’s, collaborations between mathematicians and physicists inJapan interested in infinite analysis were very strong. In the early 90's, JSPS funded agrant in this interdisciplinary area at the level of $9M for 4 years. Some of PI's of this
proposal, Jimbo, Kohno, and Tsuchiya of mathematics and Ooguri of physics, were PI'sof this JSPS project. This was an enormous success, and produced several important joint
projects between mathematicians and physicists. It also helped to identify and nurture
new talents in mathematics and theoretical physics. In particular, at least 10 physics
graduate students, who have grown up in this environment, subsequently moved tomathematics and received faculty appointments in mathematics departments of major
universities in Japan. I myself grew up in this exciting environment as a graduate student
at University of Tokyo, and my very first two publications in 1988-9 concerned withconnections between physics and mathematics following up on the Fields Medal paper byWitten.
Worldwide, this area at the interface of mathematics and physics has made a remarkable
stride in the past ten years. Yet, in Japan, collaborations between mathematicians andphysicists have somewhat weakened in the same period. I have re-assembled many of
the original members of the JPSP project, by attracting Ooguri from Caltech and byincluding Jimbo, Kohno and Tsuchiya as PI's of mathematics. They will re-ignite
collaborations of mathematicians and physicists, and I expect that their efforts will lead toa new paradigm of mathematics and physics in the 21st century.

4. Discovery scenarios and Deliverables
I foresee unprecedented cross-pollination within
the Institute that can be explained in a few likely
examples. This type of advancement will go in
an upward “spiral” that brings mathematics,
physics, and astronomy together.

4.1 Initial Activities
I see the initial activities of the Institute focusing
on the following areas.
•••

New galaxy surveys that address natureof dark energy, which may exclude thequantum vacuum energy as its source andrequire a new dynamics in quantum field
theory.
Improved understanding of neutrino
parameters that constrain unified theories,
dynamics of supernova explosions, andorigin of matter
Exploitation of the coming LHC data

•

•

•
•

jointly by experimentalists and theorists that may reveal new forces andsymmetries of nature that existed at the birth of the universe.
Development of new underground experiments that may establish the dark matterin our galactic halo as a new kind of elementary particle and let us see inside theEarth using neutrinos.
Full understanding of the behavior of quantum field theories in the strong-coupled
regime, one of the “Millennium Problems” of the Clay Mathematics Institute,using methods of integrable systems and through equivalence of quantum field
theories to the theory of gravity, i.e. the AdS/CFT correspondence.
Developments of new tools in geometry that help us understand the full scope ofsolutions to the string theory.
Discovery of new algorithms that allow us to extract science from Pentabyte-scaleastrophysical data about dark energy.

4.2 Potential Deliverables
Even though it cannot be predicted precisely what the Institute will deliver, I can describe
a few potential scenarios of exciting research output from the Institute:•••

Consistent picture of the dark matter of the universe among the data from theunderground detection experiments in Kamioka and from the advanced analysesof LHC data, based on new mathematical techniques developed at the Institute.
The Institute theorists provide a framework to explain this diverse data set,
making predictions of neutrino and gamma ray signals that spark newexperimental effort. At the same time, new effort is launched to incorporate the
newly gained information on dark matter into the unified theory. New
mathematical tools are developed at the Institute to let physicists build a candidate
unified theory out of the string theory and to derive its experimental predictions.
At the same time, these tools are used by the Institute mathematicians to define
new invariants of manifolds and help them solve outstanding problems ingeometry.
Large-scale galaxy surveys reveal the properties of the dark energy that
accelerates the expansion of the universe. A large-scale computing developed byapplied mathematicians of the Institute will allow them to explore the “landscape”
of solutions to the string theory, which show a large fraction of them exhibits thesame behavior of the dark energy as the data suggest. It will show that the fate of
the universe is not the accelerated expansion forever, but rather a quantum
tunneling of the universe to a state with slower expansion by the formation of
bubbles in a several billions of years from now.
Another outcome from the galaxy surveys is the measurement of the spectral
index, which constrains the models of inflation. Time-dependent solutions to thestring theory, such as the inflationary universe, are not well understood. Institutephysicists join forces with experts of integrable systems in mathematics todevelop a new mathematical framework to describe these solutions. Throughcollaboration among astrophysical, particle, and string theorists, it is found that••

the data severely limit the possible solutions from the string theory, and makes
further predictions on the cosmological data, in particular tensor-mode density
fluctuation that will be pursued by new initiatives at the Institute. In addition, thevast data from the next-generation galaxy surveys nudge the appliedmathematicians and statisticians to develop a novel method to extract subtle
information from the last data set, uncovering an unanticipated new behavior of
Dark Energy.
Institute supports data analysis of the next-generation neutrino experiments,
which discover a new type of neutrino mixing. It influences the study ofsupernova explosions to see if they are responsible for the formation of trans-ironelements on the Earth. In addition, it also completes the information about thestructure of fermion masses and mixings, and it constraints compactifications of
the string theory. It further points to the possible origin of our existence throughthe topological transitions in gauge theories.
Combination of possible discoveries such as the ultimate instability of all matter,
hints of multiverse, and ever accelerating expansion of the universe will reach themind of public at large, influencing the society in its philosophical, spiritual, as
well as religious sectors.

4.3 Assembled membership to achieve our goals
For the membership, I believe we have managed to assemble an amazing group of worldleading, not just world-class, scientists.
We already have the world-leading core group working on underground experiments, led
by Yoichiro Suzuki, Takaaki Kajita, Masayuki Nakahata, and Kunio Inoue. Hank Sobel
from Irvine and Stavros Katsanevas from Paris further boost the strength of this group.
As for the “sky” approach, we have a core strength in hardware and data acquisition
represented by Masataka Fukugita and Hiroaki Aihara, and on large-scale datainterpretation by Naoshi Sugiyama. David Spergel from Princeton has successfully
extracted science from the huge WMAP data set and is involved in Hyper Suprime-Cam
at Subaru, and Ken’ichi Nomoto provides much-needed expertise in stellar dynamics. On
the accelerator side, Aihara’s hardware skill needs to be matched with the simulation anddata analysis effort. I myself will be heavily involved in building a group of theorists
studying the data from the LHC. We have identified a candidate experimental physicist
dedicated on the LHC research as well as a candidate theoretical physicist studying thesignal of various new theories at the LHC to be appointed at the Associate Professor levelto further strengthens this area and improve standing of the Japanese group overall.
Tsutomu Yanagida will pursue unified theories locally, and also by Ooguri from Caltech,
who is a world-expert on the string theory, the best candidate for the unified theory.
Akihiro Tsuchiya, who is a former chairman of Mathematics Department of Nagoya
University, will join the Institute. He has an extensive record of conducting research at
the interface of mathematics and physics as well as organizing research groups in thisarea. With Ooguri, he will spearhead the math/physics collaboration at the Institute.

Local mathematicians Michio Jimbo and Toshitake Kohno are experts in exactly solvablesystems and in geometry, respectively, and they will add further strengths to build
collaboration between mathematicians and physicists to develop new mathematicalframeworks towards the unified theory.
We have already identified collaborators(including mathematicians in Kyoto Tetsuji Miwa and Hiraku Nakajima, with trackrecords in successful collaborations with physicists, YITP Director Tohru Eguchi, and a
Fields medalist Konsevitch, and Nikita Nekrasov from IHES) to further strengthen thisarea. Cosmological theories in inflation and Big Bang itself are well covered by
Katsuhiko Sato, one of the initiators of the inflation theory.
I had a personal experience at the tail end of the Center for Particle Astrophysics (CfPA)in Berkeley, which was an NSF-funded Science and Technology Center for ten years, aswell as Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, in which I was deeply involved inbuilding up. I’ve learned two important lessons for a success of a multi-disciplinary
institute of this type. One is that the postdocs provide the “free-streaming glue” to theInstitute. They do not have duties to teach or serve on committees, yet are curious
enough to move from one research group to another, and bring the Principal Investigatorsfrom varied subfields together. In addition, bringing the top-notch researchers from theworld as visitors and workshop participants is the key to inspire postdocs and educate
graduate students to take the maximum benefit from the Institute. The other is to provide
an inviting atmosphere for casual interactions through an open architecture of the facility,
which naturally draws people out of their offices into the interaction area to exchange
ideas and have discussions. Especially in Japan where people tend to be shy about
discussing not-so-well-fleshed-out ideas because they do not want to be embarrassed,
encouraging interactions with the mutual understanding that “no questions and ideas arestupid” is a must for a successful Institute.

5. Management
The Director who is ultimately responsible for all decisions about personnel, finances,infrastructure, instrumentation, computing, and outreach will manage the Institute.
Yoichiro Suzuki and Hiroaki Aihara will serve as Deputy Directors to assist the Director
in day-to-day operations of the Institute. The Administrative Director, Kenzo Nakamura,
will conduct business under the supervision and guidance of the Deputy Directors. He
will oversee all expenditures, administrative duties, and facilitate the activity of thescientists using a group of assistant administrators. This is a wonderful team both fromscientific and administrative points of view, and I’m confident that they will provide allneeded help to me to run the Institute.
The Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) to the Director consists of four to five PIs of
his choice. They advise the Director on the appropriate budget planning as well as
scientific directions. The role is strictly advisory; the Director makes the final decisions.
The PIs have a large autonomy in the research they conduct. Their research is fundedthrough competitive grants, but they can propose hiring of postdocs and termedprofessors to the Director in order to carry out their research. The Director’s approval on
the proposed appointments will reflect the scientific vision and priorities set by the
Director, who consults the SAC as needed.
We will form the External Advisory Board (EAB) which will review the scientificactivities of the Institute and give advise to the Director on the scientific priorities and theresearch activities annually to keep the Institute stay on the course of the proposedscience.
In addition to the role to manage and lead the Institute, I anticipate that the Director will
be busy recruiting the best young talents to the Institute as well as informing the scientificcommunity about our contributions.

6. Organization
The Institute must achieve a fine balance between two conflicting requirements. One
requirement is to give as much time and autonomy to individual Principal Investigators tocarry out their research plans with sufficient financial support to hire postdocs, invite
visiting professors, and organize workshops in their respective fields. The other is tomake sure that investigators from different subfields learn to speak each other’s language
and seek for mutual inspiration, through organized seminars, workshops, and a visitor
program. It is a big challenge to meet both requirements and the Institute is committed
to achieve this goal.
One essential ingredient is the new building on the Kashiwa campus of University ofTokyo. Borrowing from the future overhead money thanks to the generosity of the
University administration, we plan to build an infrastructure that would make it easy for
researchers to meet each other and exchange new ideas. The architecture will follow thestyle of Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at UC Santa Barbara and Center for
Theoretical Physics at UC Berkeley with a large open area and amenities (i.e., ample
skylight, espresso machines, refrigerators, with all walls covered by blackboards tostimulate spontaneous discussions). It will provide an attractive and competitiveenvironment for researchers from around the world.
Tsuchiya and Saito will reside full-time in Kashiwa as Principal Investigators, and the
mid-career mathematical physicist we have identified, as mentioned in section 3, as well
as all postdocs in mathematics hired by the Institute will reside in Kashiwa, facilitatecommunication between physicists and mathematicians, and maintain activities in thisarea throughout the year.
There will be semi-annual workshops that bringmathematicians and physicists together where they will share their common problems.
We will also have regular tutorials on the problems, not results, between mathematicians
and physicists to break down the intellectual barriers. Once that is established, they willkeep communicating over phone and video on individual bases, visiting each other on asneeded basis, as well as organized seminars broadcast over the video to maintain mutualinterest. We will secure enough office space on the Kashiwa campus so that themathematicians from Komaba can drop in any time. We also plan to have a state-of-art

videoconference system and internet-blackboards between Kashiwa and Komaba thatstay on 24/7 to make impromptu discussions possible.
Most experimental physicists spend a good fraction of their time on the Kashiwa campus,
analyzing data, sharing seminars, developing new instruments, and discussing issues of
their mutual interest among each other as well as with the theoretical physicists andmathematicians. For the SuperKamiokande, XMASS, and T2K experiments, the Institutehosts the data analysis activities. For the HyperSprimeCam project at Subaru telescope,
the Institute will host a computing cluster that allows extensive numerical simulations
needed for the data analysis. We plan to hire Assistant Professors on the ATLAS
experiment who can frequently come back from CERN using the Institute travel funds,
have regular meetings with phenomenologists about new theoretical ideas, and giveschools to both theorists and experimentalists in Japan. It is also important to keep strong
ties between the Physics Department on the Hongo campus and the Institute. We plan toinclude faculty members in Hongo on joint appointments with the Institute to maintain
constant flow of researchers between the campuses.
External Advisory Board will review the activities of the Institute annually, where all the
PIs will be present. In addition, we plan to have annual Institute retreats that also have all
PIs participating. This way, we keep the diverse activities of the Institute coherent andwell informed among the entire spectrum of the PIs, that enables communication andcollaboration.
In the Kashiwa Institute building, we will have daily tea at 3pm and everybody isrequired to attend if they are in town. Individual or groups of PIs organize seminar series
that everybody is invited to attend. Long-duration workshops à la Kavli Institute for
Theoretical Physics and Aspen Center for Physics bring in visitors to further stimulate theintellectual activities and keep the Institute at the forefront of worldwide science.
I cannot leave Berkeley for the Fall 2007 semester because of the teaching
responsibilities. However I will be physically in Kashiwa at the earliest possible
occasion allowed by the system, namely January 2008. All the arrangements are being
made surprisingly quickly and smoothly. I have my full confidence in both Tokyo andBerkeley that everything will be properly arranged in time for my Directorship in January.

7. Broader Impact
The basic research in physics and mathematics to understand the universe at its deepest
level by itself would not have direct practical applications, unlike biomedical research or
nanotechnology development.
However, there are always young students who are
attracted to the most fundamental quest at its frontier, and historically they include someof the best and the brightest minds in each generation. Discoveries that address major
questions about the universe by the Institute scientists will undoubtedly inspire highschool and college students in Japan, which motivate them to study mathematics andsciences at large leading to the next-generation workforce. Uniquely to this Institute, we
anticipate cross-career development between mathematics and physics, such as astatistician moving to experimental physics. Needless to say, the questions the Institutewill ask are easy to relate to for any laymen. This connection between fundamental
research and education was highlighted, for example, by a recent National ResearchCouncil report, “Rising Above the Gathering Storm,” in the United States.
We put strong emphasis on diversity. Currently in Japan, the fraction of female full
professors in Physics Departments hover around 2-3 percents. We have currently one
female PI, which we will bring up soon to the 10% level. In addition, we promote ethnic
diversity with emphasis on Asian representation. We have already secured participationof strong physicists in India and are discussing collaborations with Chinese and Korean
institutions.
The Institute will promote public awareness of mathematics and physics through anorganized series of public lectures, collaboration with media on TV shows, and educationof students at the participating institutions. Japan has been quite effective incommunicating exciting discoveries in science and advances in technology to the publicat large, compared to similar efforts in the United States, inspiring young minds to enterscience and engineering. I myself have been involved in public outreach through easy-toread texts, radio shows, and public lectures. The Institute will further strengthen the
public outreach by major discoveries and concerted efforts by the Institute scientists.
In addition, we believe that much of the methodologies and technologies developed by
the research at the Institute will likely benefit the society. New methodologies to deal
with large-scale astrophysical and accelerator data will influence the study of financial
markets and biological data. New instruments developed to build next-generation
experiments will help the industry to acquire technology that will otherwise fall into thecracks of profit-oriented research. One such example is the development of 20-inch
photomultipliers that allowed a company to become the single-handedly dominant player
in the worldwide marketplace of phototubes, especially in medical applications. Future
development of neutrino detectors would allow monitoring of nuclear power plants.
Multi-fiber technique needed for future astrophysical surveys will likely lead to medical
applications of diagnosis and laser treatments.
An important impact of the Institute would be to reverse the “brain-drain” of the talented
scientists from Japan and bring some of them back. I myself am attracted to thisopportunity to design a research center according to my own vision, and also because theInstitute I envision is unique in the world. The fact that I have already managed to bring
Ooguri from Caltech, Sobel from Irvine, and Spergel from Princeton to join the Instituteas PIs, and identified more from abroad for the termed professorships, demonstrates how
attractive and unique the proposed Institute is. I am optimistic that the Institute will
attract even more researchers from the world to join the effort, redefine the boundaries
between mathematics and physics, and make it a truly leading and exciting research
center in the world.

8. Conclusions

This Institute is a unique research center in the world that spans from pure mathematics
to theoretical physics, to experimental physics, astronomy, and applied mathematics. Allof these elements must come together to address the big questions about the universe.
The Institute will create new mathematical framework motivated by the desire to explain
the precision data, which require new theories, for which no suitable mathematics exists.
In turn the new mathematics allow for new theories that spark technological innovations
to design new experiments. The Institute explores the uncharted territory at a crossroadsof Mathematics and Physics. This multiple-connected activities and inspiration will
move the science forward in an upward spiral. We make effort to inform the public atlarge about the new discoveries from the Institute, which will motivate students to enter
mathematics, science, and engineering to become the next-generation workforce. It willbring researchers from around the world, and turn Japan a unique place to advance thehuman knowledge on its most fundamental quest.

Host Institution’s Commitment
September 25, 2007
To MEXTThe University of Tokyo
President, Hiroshi Komiyama
Signature
I confirm that the measures listed below will be taken faithfully as the Institute for the Physics andMathematics of the Universe is adopted under the World Premier International Research Center (WPI)
Initiative.
＜Provision in host institution’s mid-to-long-term plan＞
The University of Tokyo's medium-term research objectives include "investigating exploratory andadvanced research and unconventional research areas or actively approaching a new fusion of different
academic fields with full respect for research schematization and succession, thereby playing a role todrive forward network-based research with a global perspective." The accompanying medium-term planstates that the university is dedicated to "promoting the establishment of a center for advanced researchof excellent creativity and originality in new fields, while fostering the development of new academicareas through interdisciplinary research and collaboration" and "in response to issues newly rising out of
academic development and social changes, promoting the establishment of an international research
center to deal with such issues in a pioneering, flexible, and practical manner beyond existing academicareas and organizational frameworks."
In order to implement the medium-term plan mentioned above, the University of Tokyo has set up theIntegrated Research System for Sustainability Science, the Network for Life Science Research, andother inter-departmental organizations under Office of the President to establish a system to promote
multi-disciplinary research. Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU), facilitatedby the WPI Initiative, most appropriately meets the University's medium-term goals and plans, hence it
shall be positioned as the largest and most important organization among those under Office of the
President, and enjoy university-wide support under the specific achievement targets.

＜Concrete Measures＞(1)
The University of Tokyo will position the IPMU as an organization directly under Office of the President
working as a natural facilitator with existing university organizations. The Administration Bureau shalldevelop an ideal research environment to ensure that chief researchers engaged in research at the IPMU
have minimum possible university duties to allow ample time for them to fully focus on research activities,
and that research funding may be more readily secured. As part of developing such an environment, withthe aim of securing excellent researchers as well as high-caliber support staff, a new employment
scheme has already been implemented whereby it is even possible to recruit exceptionally qualified staff
at salaries higher than that of the President. Priority is also given for the use of school research space.
Furthermore, the Administration Bureau shall have an organization named the Financial Strategy Office
whose task is to develop plans strategically to obtain external funding and to allocate it effectively. This
shall allow the maximum financial support for the IPMU, while making full use of university resources
including overhead costs for the program.

(2)
The University of Tokyo has newly developed an innovative scheme to allow the positioning of the IPMU
as an organization directly under Office of the President working in an organic linkage with existing
university organizations. Under this scheme, the IPMU may take charge in the operation of theorganization under the managerial supervision of the director of IPMU, including for the recruitment ofresearchers.

(3)
In order to ensure that education and research activities may be implemented smoothly with nodisturbance to the university faculties and institutions from which the researchers are gathered for the
IPMU, the Administration Bureau shall provide any necessary financial support, such as for personnel

expenses of substitute teaching staff, to the concerned university departments and divisions. This shallnot only allow such departments and divisions to take measurements including securing substituteteaching staff, but the mobility of researchers within the university may be further improved.

(4)
As described above, the University of Tokyo has developed an innovative scheme to allow positioning of
the IPMU as an organization directly under Office of the President working as a natural facilitator withexisting university organizations. Under this scheme, the IPMU may take charge in the operation of theorganization under the managerial supervision of the director of IPMU, including for the recruitment ofresearchers, while new special regulations are also to be established designating the IPMU as a special
zone in which participating researchers and support staff members may be allowed a limited exemption
from some restrictions under the work rules that are generally applied within the university.

(5)
The University of Tokyo places great importance on the development of an environment to permit
excellent researchers from overseas to steadily concentrate on their research activities. Currently, active
initiatives to promote a more international campus are under way under the leadership of the President,
and several residential facilities for foreigners are being developed near the campus and are due to open
in a few years' time. Priority allocation of such residences for researchers invited to the IPMU fromoverseas has also been under discussion. The University also develops a number of world-classresearch facilities and actively promotes sharing the use of such facilities. Measures shall be taken to
ensure the priority use of such research facilities. Top priority shall be given to the appropriation of land
for a research building for the IPMU and its financing. Until the new research building is constructed in
Kashiwa Campus, Chiba Prefecture, rooms and other space of the Kashiwa General Research Building
shall be provided in priority for activities of the IPMU.
(6)With the aim of supporting the establishment of an internationally competitive center through theprogram, the University of Tokyo has set up a committee headed by the board member in charge of the
program. The committee, in addition to ensuring university-wide support for the IPMU, shall work in close
cooperation with the Global COE (Centers of Excellence) Program and other schemes, as part of its role
to produce maximum synergy. The administrative functions of the Administrative Bureau are to bereorganized in July 2007, where the Research Network Support Group is to be set up to intensively
support the IPMU, among other organizations. With these schemes, the University shall provide themaximum possible consistent support for the promotion of the IPMU concept.

（Host institution：

2

Title of Center Project：）

List of Principal Investigators

Name

Current affiliation(organization, department) andspecialties

Academic degree

Hitoshi
Murayama (*)

University of California, Berkeley,Department of Physics, Theoreticalparticle physics and cosmology②

Yoichiro Suzuki(*)

The University of Tokyo, Institute for
Cosmic Ray Research, Neutrino and
Ph. D.
astroparticle physics and non-accelerator
particle physics③

Takaaki Kajita (*)

The University of Tokyo, Institute for
Cosmic Ray Research. Neutrino physics

Ph. D.

④

MasayukiNakahata (*)

The University of Tokyo, Institute for
Cosmic Ray Research,Neutrino
astronomy

Ph. D.

⑤

Masataka
Fukugita (*)

The University of Tokyo, Institute for
Cosmic Ray Research,
Ph. D.
Cosmology(theoretical and observational)⑥

Hiroaki Aihara (*)

The University of Tokyo, Department of
Physics, High Energy Physics

Ph. D.

⑦

TsutomuYanagida (*)

The University of Tokyo, Department of
Physics, High-energy particle
physics(theory)

Ph. D.

⑧

Katsuhiko Sato(*)

The University of Tokyo, Department of
Physics, Cosmology, astrophysics.

Ph. D.

⑨

Ken'ichi Nomoto The University of Tokyo, Department of(*)
Physics, Theoretical astrophysics

Ph. D.

⑩

Michio Jinbo (*)①

Ph. D.

The University of Tokyo, Graduate Schoolof Mathematical Sciences, Integrable
Ph. D.
Systems

⑪

The University of Tokyo, Graduate School
Toshitake Kohno
of Mathematical Sciences, Geometry and Ph. D.
(*)
Topology⑫

Kunio Inoue (*)

Tohoku University, Research Center for
Neutrino Science, Neutrino Physics

Ph. D.

⑬

NaoshiSugiyama (*)

Nagoya University, Graduate School of
Science, observational cosmology

Ph. D.

⑭

Akihiro Tsuchiya Nagoya University, professor, Emeritus,(*)
Conformal Field Theory

Ph. D.

⑮

Hirosi Ooguri (*)

California Institute of Technology;
Division of Physics, Mathematics, andAstronomy, Theoretical High Energy
Physics

Ph. D.

⑯

Princeton University, Dept. ofDavid. Spergel(*) Astrophysical Sciences, observationalcosmology

Ph. D.

⑰

Henry W. Sobel(*)

University of California, Irvine, Dept of
Ph. D.
Physics and Astronomy, Neutrino physics⑱

Stavros
Katsanevas (*)

University Paris 7, Dept. of physics,
Neutrino physics, astroparticle physics⑲

Kyouji Saito(*)

Kyoto University,Research Institute forMathematical Sciences,Complex analytic Ph. D.
geometry⑳

Mihoko Nojiri(*)

High Energy Accelerator Research
Organization,KEK,Theoretical particle
pluqics physics

Ph. D.

Ph. D.