The 46th JAIF Annual Conference
Session 2— Building Confidence - Thinking Together withthe World about Improving Nuclear Safety

Strengthening Nuclear Safety and Security globally:a continued international challenge

Denis Flory
Deputy Director General
Department of Nuclear Safety and Security
International Atomic Energy Agency

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International Atomic Energy Agency

Security History: 9/11
• September 11, 2001 aftermath of terrorist attack• Security risks from outside groups or insider threats
became of paramount concern surrounding nuclear power
plant critical infrastructure• Questionable whether reactors would withstand suchattacks• Apart from radioactive sources, reactors and other partsof the nuclear fuel cycle vulnerable to attack, e.g.,
reprocessing facilities and transport between sites• 2003 Office of Nuclear Security

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Nuclear Security : IAEA’s Vision

Achieving worldwide, effective security wherever nuclear or otherradioactive material is in use, storage and/or transport, and of
associated facilities.

A global threat demands a global response.
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International Instruments
Platform of international legal instruments,binding and non-binding• Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material , and 2005
Amendment – Not yet entered into force• Nuclear Terrorism Convention and other counter terrorism
conventions• UNSC Resolutions 1373, 1540, 1977
• INFCIRC/225/Rev 5 published as IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 13• Code of Conduct for the Safety & Security of Radioactive Sources
All instruments support IAEA taking leading role for implementation through its programmes:•Development of internationally accepted guidance and standards•

Provision of assistance (e.g. peer review & advisory services, E&T, equipment…)

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The Role of the IAEA
The IAEA:• Supports States in their efforts to establish and maintaineffective nuclear security through assistance in capacity
building, guidance or standards, human resource
development and risk reduction;• Facilitates adherence to implementation of international legal
instruments related to nuclear security
through• Security Advisory Missions• Integrated Nuclear Security Support Plans (INSSP)• Illicit Trafficking Data Base & INTERPOL• Promoting and assisting countries in setting up Nuclear
Security Support Centres• Providing nuclear security measures at major public events• Forensics

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Nuclear Security Conference 2013
• 1-5 July 2013 in Vienna• A global forum for ministers, policymakers,
senior officials, managers and experts from allareas of nuclear security to…
(1) Review experience and achievements to date(2) Enhance understanding of current approaches
and identify trends & issues(3) Discuss policy, technical and regulatory
developments and issues(4) Formulate views on the future directions andpriorities for nuclear security(5) Provide input to the IAEA’s Nuclear Security
Plan for 2014-2017

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Safety History: Chernobyl• Nuclear Safety lessons learned
from the accident focused onidentifying the weaknesses in andimproving the design safety of
VVER and RBMK reactors• Acceleration in development ofsafety standards, guidelines andservices to assist countries affected• Department of Nuclear Safety wascreated a decade later• 25 years later: Fukushima

IAEA“…Radioactivity does not respectnational boundaries, or nationalsovereignties. Rules ensuring the safeuse of large-scale nuclear activities
should therefore be worked out
internationally and accepted to apply
everywhere….”
Hans Blix,
former IAEA Director GeneralSafety Post Fukushima• March 2011, accident at TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant.
• June 2011, adoption of the Ministerial Declaration at the Vienna
Conference on nuclear safety• September 2011, the IAEA Action Plan on Nuclear Safety wasadopted by the IAEA's Board of Governors and subsequently
unanimously endorsed by the IAEA General Conference. This is thefirst time in the life of the Agency that all Member States gather, in acomprehensive program, all nuclear safety tools to strengthen theglobal nuclear safety framework“…It is essential that all of us - MemberStates, the IAEA and other key stakeholders maintain our sense of urgency and ourcommitment to implementing the Action Planin full. ….”
Yukiya Amano,
IAEA Director General

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4/30/20138IAEA Action Plan on Nuclear Safety(NSAP)
1. Safety Vulnerabilities
2. Peer Reviews
3. Emergency Preparedness andResponse
4. Regulatory Bodies,
5. Operating Organisations
6. IAEA Safety Standards

7. Legal Framework
8. Embarking countries
9. Capacity Building
10. Protection of People andEnvironment
11. Communication
12. Research and Development
 Strengthen Enhance EffectivenessActions for:
IAEA Secretariat
Member States
Other Relevant Stakeholders

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Global Activities• World nuclear community has made noteworthy progress instrengthening nuclear safety and security• Overwhelming majority of Member States with NPPs haveessentially completed comprehensive safety reassessments(‘stress tests’) with the aim of evaluating the design and safety
aspects of plant robustness to protect against extreme events.
• Capacity building programmes have been built or improved, andEPR programmes have also been reviewed and improved• Agency shared lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi
accident through international experts’ meetings (IEMs) (reactorand spent fuel safety, communications and transparency, andprotection against extreme earthquakes and tsunamis

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Working the Plan: NSAP in Action
IRRS Improved: standardized reporting, revised guidelines,
targeted modules, on-going analysis, formalized schedule
Developed better tools: Regulatory Safety Infrastructure
software for current and newcomer countries (SARIS/IRIS)
Revised Safety Standards and developed Safety Guides:• GSR Part 1 Governmental, Legal and Regulatory Framework forSafety (multiple severe hazards); DS472 “Regulatory Body
Functions and Processes” and DS473, “Organization, Managementand Staffing of a Regulatory Body”

Improved legal framework: Effectiveness and Transparency
Working group to discuss actions to strengthen the CNS andon proposals to amend, where necessary

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11Working the Plan: NSAP in Action
Assisted newcomers: implemented safety packages on SSG 16–
IAEA Safety Guide on the Establishment of the Safety
Infrastructure; implemented new training
Built capacity: in publication: Managing Regulatory Body
Competence ; developed Strategic Approach to Education andTraining 2013–2020; updated software: Systematic Assessmentof the Regulatory Competence Needs (SARCoN)
Improved Communication: strengthened networks: Safety andSecurity Regulatory Network Portal (RegNet); Regulatory
Cooperation Forum (RCF): developing safety guide coveringstakeholder interactions for Regulators
Strengthened operators: through interaction with operators andindustry / Memorandum of Understanding IAEA-WANO

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Regulators Supporting Regulators• Cape Town 2009 Outcome: Regulatory
Cooperation Forum (RCF) supporting nuclearnewcomers• Goal: to develop strong regulators ofnuclear power while optimizing the use oflimited resources when assisting embarking
countries• Missions: Jordan, Poland, Viet Nam• Ottawa 2013: Responsibility of the vendor
country’s regulator towards the embarking
country’s regulator
regulato
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Strengthening Emergency Preparedness
and Response• Eight EPREV missions in 2012, the highest number since theprogramme began in 1999.
• States’ increasing interest in EPR, will require more EPREV
missions in the coming years, which will require more experts,
and more resources from the Agency and the Member States• IACRNE, et al, agreed to enhance international responsearrangements in an emergency as well as in the post-emergency
phase based on lessons identified in response to the Fukushima
Daiichi accident (December 2012, Paris meeting)• Developing minimum required guidelines that would help toharmonize response capabilities with some Member States forinternational assistance; to be effective, Member States need tocomply with them.

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Key Messages
••••

•

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The IAEA Action Plan on Nuclear Safety has
provided renewed impetus;
Ongoing commitment by all parties toimplement the activities under this plan is vital;.
The IAEA will continue to provide support andassistance in this regard;
IAEA comprehensive report on the Fukushima
Daiichi accident which is planned to be
finalised in 2014;
Nuclear Security shares with Safety theultimate goal of protecting the public and theenvironment.
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Merci!

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