Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2019

Annual ReportJapan Atomic Energy Agency

2019
E N V IR O N M E N T

ENVIRONMEN T

COMPL I A NC E

S AF E T Y

S U S TA I NA BI L I T Y

ACTAC T IO N
CO M P LIAN CE

Aiming for Energy
That Leads to the Future
A C TI O NF UT UR E
F U TU R E

SA FETY

EX E C U TI O N

EXEC U T IO N

S US TAIN AB ILIT Y■ Contact Information

Public Relations Department Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Your feedback is very appreciated.
©2019 Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Published in December 2019 Printed in Japan

Japan Atomic Energy Agency765-1, Funaishikawa, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1184, Japan
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Please write annual report in the subject column.

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Editorial Policy

We have prepared the Japan Atomic Energy Agency Annual Report 2019 based on thefollowing editorial policies as a means for comprehensively reporting on the activities of theJapan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). This publication reports on the details of our operations
and the state of our R&D for fiscal 2018 (April 2018 - March 2019), and also explains the outlook
for fiscal 2019 and beyond as necessary.
• Up to now, JAEA has undertaken a variety of activities with a strong awareness of fulfilling
our corporate social responsibility (CSR) and has undertaken various initiatives, including
the publishing of environmental reports and social activities. This time, in order toenhance information disclosure, this report is based on the GRI (Global Reporting
Initiative) Standard, which is used as a global disclosure guideline for CSR reports/
sustainability reports by enterprises, governmental institutions and others.
• The mission of JAEA is to “Contribute to the welfare and prosperity of human society
through nuclear science and technology.” We consider our most important watchwords
for implementation to be “Safety,” “Compliance” and “Action.” This report consists ofthese three important issues.
• Particularly important research and development undertaken in fiscal 2018 are introduced
as “Topics.”• Our annual reports in the past contained a large amount of text and conveyed a rigid
image. This year, we have taken a creative overall approach by including numerous
photos, diagrams and illustrations to produce an “easy-to-view, easy-to-read” report for
our readers.
Through this report, we seek to promote an understanding among readers of JAEA’s
activities and R&D, and to foster mutual understanding and trust.
● Scope of Report

All sites● Reporting period

CONTENTS
Profile of JAEA

Safety

JAEA at a Glance ........................................................................P02

Operations Placing the Utmost Priority on Safety ...................P20

Message from the President ......................................................P04

Towards a World without Threats of
Nuclear Weapon and Nuclear Terrorism ..................................P24

History and Purpose ...................................................................P06
Organization ...............................................................................P07
Management Advisory Council .................................................P07

Compliance

Oversight Committee.................................................................P07

Promotion of Risk Management and Compliance...................P26

Board of Executive Directors .....................................................P08

Appropriate Contracting Practices(Seeking to Ensure Fairness, Transparency and Rationality) ...P27

Principal Themes in R&D and R&D Sites ..................................P09
Medium- and Long-Term Plan and Its Evaluation ....................P10
Medium/Long-Term Management Plan of JAEA Facilities .....P11
Budget and Personnel ...............................................................P11
Financial Information ..................................................................P11

Fiscal 2018 Topics
TOPIC 1
“Monju” has safely completed the first fiscal year of
decommissioning, while “Fugen” has shifted toa new phase toward dismantling of the reactor. ......................P12

Efforts to Promote Research and Development ......................P30
JAEA’s R&D .................................................................................P32• Sector of Fukushima Research and Development ................P32• Sector of Nuclear Safety Research andEmergency Preparedness ........................................................P34• Sector of Nuclear Science Research ......................................P36• Sector of Fast Reactor and Advanced Reactor Researchand Development ....................................................................P38

Back-end Roadmap formulated by JAEA as the long-term
prospect and policy for back-end measures. ...........................P13• Sector of Nuclear Fuel, Decommissioning andWaste Management Technology Development ...................P40

TOPIC 3

• Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning Demonstration ...........P42

Nuclear Safety Research Reactor “NSRR” first JAEA research
reactor to resume operation after enforcement of
new regulatory standards...........................................................P14

Business Operations Respecting Individual Employees

TOPIC 4

Activities for Environmental Management, Local
Communities and Society

Contamination incident in radiation-controlled areaof the Plutonium Fuel Fabrication Facility in the Nuclear
Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratory...........................................P15

Social Value Creation
The Path to JAEA’s Social Value Creation.................................P16(Part of the report includes information after this period.)

Major Challenges for JAEA .......................................................P18◎ ISO 26000: 2010 Guidelines Concerning CSR

ActionTOPIC 2

The reporting period is basically fiscal 2018 (April 2018 - March 2019).

● Reference Guidelines, etc.

Public Consultation,
Public Relations and Information Disclosure ............................P28

Human Resource Management .................................................P44

Environmental Impact and Status of
Our Activities for Reduction of the Impact ...............................P48
Activities for Local Communities and Society ..........................P52

R&D Institutes and Centers ............................................P53
Moving towards Transformation of the Future Society
Future Vision “JAEA 2050 +” ....................................................P54◎ Environmental Reporting Guidelines 2018 Version (Ministry of the Environment)◎ GRI Standards● Notation Method

Fractions are rounded to the second decimal, in principle.
● Next scheduled issue is December 2020

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201901

Profile of JAEA

JAEA at a Glance
R&D Achievements

Performance Information

1
The Reconstruction of Fukushima

Number of JAEA R&D
Reports Published

Number ofPapers Published101

Peer-Reviewed

OthersOral Presentations

859
309

1,649

111

International
Cooperation(including Joint
Research Projects)
Agreement with
Other Organizations
Domestic

International
Training Courses

82

40

JAEA is committed to the research anddevelopment on visualization of radiation sourceand environmental dynamics of radioactive materials
towards the decommissioning and environmental
regeneration/restoration of Fukushima.

countries(Nuclear Human Resource
Department Center)

For
example,New Patents(Domestic Only)Awards from Various
Academic Associations
Awards from Various
Foundations
Number of
Joint Research Projects
Number of Entrusted
Research Contracts

20

245
128

JAEA’scontributions can be observed in:Outreach Activities

673

78
1

Reinforcement of Measuresagainst Nuclear Disasters
As a designated public organization under the Basic Act on Disaster
Management and Armed Attack and Existential Crisis Situations Act, JAEA is
dedicated to the reinforcement of measures against nuclear disasters byconducting training for employees of related administrative organizations andlocal public organizations.

participants from112

A total of approx.

44,000participants

Public Hearings andPublic Relations
Activities

Open Campus/
Accepting
Individual Visitors

1,260

A total of approx.

26,0003
Driving Basic Scientific Research
For the first time in the world, JAEA
succeeded in the measurement of thefirst ionization potential of lawrencium,element 103, which was featured on the
cover of Nature, the foremost sciencejournal in the world.

participants

External Research Funds(Entrusted research, etc.)

Number of Facility
Time-sharing Contracts

02

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2015/p15040901/(in Japanese)

15,072
million yen

131

Contributing to Automatic Analysis
Number of Researchers
Utilizing Cross-Appointment
Framework

14

JAEA is evolving analytical technology
using robots to efficiently and safely
analyze radioactive strontium andother radioactive substances that are
difficult to analyze.

4

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201903

Profile of JAEA

Message from the President
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is Japan’s sole comprehensive research and development
institute in the field of nuclear energy. It was formed in October 2005 through the integration of the Japan
Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC).
In accordance with the Medium- and Long-Term Management Plan of JAEA Facilities, we will
focus especially on the fields listed below.

Contribute to thewelfare and prosperityof human society
through nuclear scienceand technology• Responding to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power
Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO)• Research for improvement of nuclear safety standards• R&D on the nuclear fuel cycle• R&D on radioactive waste treatment/disposal technology“Safety” is the top priority for a nuclear institute. Reflecting on our past accidents and troubles,
especially on a contamination incident occurred in a radiation-controlled area of the Plutonium Fuel
Fabrication Facility in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Institute in January 2019, we are working
hard to prevent a recurrence throughout the whole of JAEA. In addition, we will foster a safety culture
and promote activities to improve on-site capabilities. We will also promote risk management.
“Compliance” is indispensable for an organization to be trusted by the general public as amember of society. Based most heavily on our management principles and code of conduct, we will
strictly observe not only the regulations but also the internal roles and guarantees expected bysociety. We are also committed to showing greater care for the environment in our activities.
Under the keyword “Action,” we will steadily proceed with back-end countermeasures and facility
decommissioning based on the back-end roadmap and the Medium- and Long-Term Management
Plan of JAEA Facilities. In addition, we will work to prepare for restarting the operation of test
reactors, and strive to create world-leading results in research and development. In parallel, our work
to formulate a strategic plan called “JAEA 2050 +,” which outlines a future vision of JAEA towards 2050,
has been settled. We intend to put various initiatives into practice in pursuit of our ideal form for JAEA.
Nuclear energy R&D cannot advance without the understanding of all Japanese citizens. With thisin mind, we are striving to disseminate information through measures such as enhancing our
website, proactively utilizing social media and issuing public relations literature. We issue the 2019
Annual Report, which summarizes our activities in the fiscal year 2018, in the hope that it will help
readers to deepen and achieve a better understanding of our activities.
We ask for and appreciate your ongoing support for and understanding of our activities.
November 2019

KODAMA Toshio
President, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Management Principles• Thoroughly ensure safety• Focus on on-site activities• Trust of society

04

Japan Atomic Energy Agency• R&D filled with creativity• Efficient work management

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201905

History and Purpose

Organization/Management Advisory Council/
Oversight Committee

History and Purpose

Organization (as of November 2019)

Profile of JAEA

JAERI and JNC were merged in 2005 to form the
Independent Administrative Agency, Japan Atomic
Energy Agency (JAEA). In 2015, its name waschanged to the National Research and Development
Agency, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). In
2016, JAEA separated nuclear fusion R&D and a
portion of quantum beam applied research from the
National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological
Science and Technology.

Management Sector
1956
Atomic Fuel
Corporation launched

President
Executive Vice President
Executive Directors: 6

Decommissioning andRadioactive Waste Management Head OfficePlanning Department
Radioactive Wastes Disposal Center(1985)

Atomic Fuel Corporation launched

1956
Japan Atomic Energy
Research Institute launched

1967
Power Reactor and Nuclear
Fuel Development Corporation(PNC) launched

Integration

Japan Atomic
Energy ResearchInstitute launched

HistoryJapan Nuclear Ship Research andDevelopment Agency

The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute(JAERI), one of JAEA’s predecessors, was launched
in 1956 and integrated with the Japan Nuclear Ship
Research and Development Agency in 1985.
Meanwhile, the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development
Institute (JNC), another JAEA predecessor, waslaunched as Atomic Fuel Corporation in 1956 andreorganized into Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel
Development Corporation (PNC) in 1967. After thereform of PNC in 1998, it became the Japan
Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC).

Auditors:
2

Office of Strategy and International Affairs
Safety and Nuclear Security
Administration Department
R&D Program Management Department

Reform of PNC

1998
Japan Nuclear Cycle Development
Institute (JNC) launched

Consolidation and rationalization plan for
special public corporations (approved by the Cabinet in 2001)

Legal and Audit Department

Research and Development Sector

General Affairs Department

Sector of Fukushima Research andDevelopment

Personnel Department
Financial Affairs Department[Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science
Naraha Center for Remote Control Technology Development
Okuma Analysis and Research Center
Fukushima Environmental Safety Center]

Contract Department

Sector of Nuclear Safety Research andEmergency Preparedness[Nuclear Safety Research Center
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center]

Public Relations Department
Smart Operation Promotion Office

Sector of Nuclear Science Research[Nuclear Science Research Institute]

Report Concerning the Integration of
Two Corporations (2003)

Common Mission Sector
Intellectual Resources Management andR&D Collaboration Department

Enactment of Japan Atomic Energy Agency Act (2004)

Sector of Fast Reactor andAdvanced Reactor Research and Development[Oarai, Tsuruga]

Construction Department

Sector of Nuclear Fuel, Decommissioning andWaste Management Technology Development

Center for Computational
Science & e-Systems

Independent Administrative Agency,
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
established

As Japan’s sole comprehensive research anddevelopment institute in the field of nuclear energy,
JAEA aims to secure energy sources indispensable
to the lives of citizens through nuclear energy
based on the premise of safety assurance and tocreate scientific technologies and industries
through nuclear power. At the same time, JAEA will
carry out R&D, from basic and fundamental research
to R&D for the application and commercialization oftechnology, while disseminating the outcomes ofthis research with the overarching aim ofcontributing to the welfare of human society andraising the standard of living of Japan’s citizens.

06

Japan Atomic Energy Agency[Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories/
Ningyo-toge, Tono, Horonobe, Aomori]

Nuclear Human Resource
Department Center

October 1, 2005
Independent Administrative Agency,
Japan Atomic Energy Agency established

Integrated Support Center for Nuclear
Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security
Tsuruga Head Office

Sector of Tsuruga
Decommissioning Demonstration[Fugen, Monju]

April 1, 2015
Name changed to National Research andDevelopment Agency, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

National Institutes for
Quantum and Radiological
Science and Technology(Former National Instituteof Radiological Sciences)

Separated nuclear fusion R&D and a
portion of quantum beam appliedresearch (April 2016)

Management Advisory Council

Oversight Committee

JAEA has a management advisory council that provides
comprehensive advice and proposals about importantmanagement matters. This council consists of members fromindustry, academia and government.

We have established the Oversight Committee, comprisingacademics, lawyers, certified public accountants and auditorsof JAEA, to ensure society’s trust in JAEA’s operations andcontribute to their appropriateness and fairness.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201907

Profile of JAEA

Board of Executive Directors

Principal Themes in R&D and R&D Sites

The JAEA management team is composed of a President, an Executive Vice President, six Executive Directors and two
Auditors. The President is in charge of general JAEA organizational management and is assisted by the Executive
Vice President. Executive Directors are in charge of businesses assigned to them in which they have high expertiseand superior knowledge. The Auditors audit the business of JAEA.

Principal Themes

I
●

G
●

E
●

F
●

H
●

J
●

JAEA is prioritizing “establishment of technologies towards therevitalization and reconstruction of Fukushima,” “continuous
improvement of nuclear safety,” “basic and fundamental
research that supports nuclear energy,” “establishment of
decommissioning and waste management technologies,”“establishment of fast reactor cycle technologies” and“implementing the decommissioning of ‘Fugen’ and ‘Monju’.”These are based on energy policies encompassing nuclear
energy and science and technology policies shown in theStrategic Energy Plan (Cabinet Decision in July 2018), the Fifth
Science and Technology Basic Plan (Cabinet Decision in
January 2016) and the basic policy of decommissioning planfor “Monju” (Cabinet Decision in June 2017).

Establishment of Technologies
toward the Revitalization andReconstruction of Fukushima

Establishment of
Decommissioning and Waste
Management Technologies

Continuous Improvement of
Nuclear Safety

Establishment of Fast Reactor
Cycle Technologies

Basic and Fundamental
Research that Supports
Nuclear Energy

Implementing theDecommissioning of“Fugen” and “Monju”

R&D Sites, etc. (as of November 2019)C●

A President●

KODAMA
ToshioA●

Career Outline
Apr. 1976: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI)
Apr. 2009: Executive Officer, Deputy Director General of Technology
Headquarters, MHI
Jun. 2013: Managing Executive Officer, Director General of Technology
Management, MHI
Feb. 2015: Vice President, Director General of Technology Management,
MHI (resigned in March 2015)
Apr. 2015: President, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

B Executive Vice Career Outline●
Apr. 1982: Science and Technology Agency
President

ITO
YoichiC Executive●
Director

AOTO
KazumiD Executive●
Director

MIURA
Yukitoshi
E Executive●
Director

YAMAMOTO
Tokuhiro

08

Jan. 2001: Director, Private School Department, Higher Education
Bureau, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology (MEXT)
Jul. 2010: Deputy Director General,
Lifelong Learning Policy Bureau, MEXT
Jan. 2012: Executive Director, JAEA
Aug. 2015: Assistant Minister for policy coordination, MEXT
Jan. 2016: Director General, Science and Technology Policy Bureau,
MEXT
Jul. 2017: Senior Deputy Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Scienceand Technology, MEXT
Apr. 2019: Executive Vice President, JAEA

Career Outline
Apr. 2010: Deputy Director General, Advanced Nuclear System Researchand Development Directorate, JAEA
Apr. 2013: Director General, Advanced Nuclear System Research andDevelopment Directorate, JAEA
Apr. 2014: Deputy Director General, Fast Breeder Reactor Research andDevelopment Center, Tsuruga Head Office, JAEA
Oct. 2014: Director General, Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Monju,
Sector of Fast Reactor Research and Development, JAEA
Apr. 2015: Executive Director, JAEA

Career Outline
Apr. 2010: Supreme Researcher/Director, Policy Planning and
Administration Department, JAEA
Oct. 2013: Director, Office of Monju Reorganization, Monju
Reorganization Headquarters, JAEA
Apr. 2015: Executive Director, JAEA

Career Outline
Apr. 2010: Director, Technology Development Department, Tokai
Reprocessing Technology Development Center, Nuclear Fuel
Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Tokai Research andDevelopment Center, JAEA
Apr. 2014: Deputy Director General, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering
Laboratories, JAEA
Apr. 2015: Director General, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering
Laboratories, JAEA
Apr. 2017: Executive Director, JAEA

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

B●

F Executive●
Director

ITO
HajimeG Executive●
Director

NODA
Koichi

H Executive●
Director

SUDO
Kenji

I Auditor●

D●

Aomori R&D Center

Research related to technologies
for high-level radioactive waste
disposal (crystalline rock)

Decommissioning of nuclear
reactor facilities and analysis oftrace elements and analysis
techniques development ofenvironment samples, etc.

Horonobe UndergroundResearch Center
R&D on geoscientific study andon geological disposal forhigh-level radioactive waste(sedimentary rock)

Sector of Fukushima R&D
Response operations related tothe accident at TEPCO’s Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

Career Outline
Apr. 1985: Kansai Electric Power Company (KEPCO)
Sep. 2012: Manager, Severe Accident Response Project Team, Nuclear
Energy Planning Department, Nuclear Energy Division,
KEPCO
Jun. 2013: Chief Manager, Technology Operation Group, Community
Outreach Department, Nuclear Energy Division, KEPCO
Jun. 2016: Director, Decommissioning Technology Center, Nuclear
Power Generation Department, Nuclear Energy Division,
KEPCO
Apr. 2017: Executive Director, JAEA

Career Outline
Apr. 1986: Ministry of International Trade and Industry
Aug. 2012: Director, Nuclear Facilities Development and Nuclear Fuel
Cycle Industry Division, Electricity and Gas Industry
Department, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
Sep. 2013: Director, Decommissioning and Contaminated Water
Management Office, Nuclear Emergency Response
Headquarters, Cabinet Office
Apr. 2015: Vice President, National Institute of Technology and
Evaluation
Apr. 2017: Executive Director, JAEA

Tsuruga Head OfficeTransition of Monju to decommissioning in accordance withgovernment policy; research forthe decommissioning of Fugen

Tokai Area
Safety research, basic andfundamental nuclear research andneutron use research; R&D
related to technologies forhigh-level radioactive waste
disposal; development of nuclear
fuel for FR; promotion of
initiatives toward the decommissioning of reprocessing facilities;
nuclear training and disaster-prevention training

Career Outline
Apr. 1989: Science and Technology Agency
Jul. 2009: Director for Resource Allocation, Bureau of Science,
Technology and Innovation, Cabinet Office
Aug. 2012: Deputy Director General, Research Strategy Department,
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Apr. 2014: Professor at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Apr. 2016: Director, Department of General Affairs, National Institutes
for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
Jan. 2018: Director, National Space Policy Secretariat, Cabinet Office
Apr. 2019: Executive Director, JAEA

Oarai R&D InstituteFR cycle technology development
through the Joyo and postirradiation examination facility;
research on the use of nuclear
heat through high-temperature
gas-cooled reactors

Career Outline

TANAKA
TeruhikoOct. 1979: Shinwa Audit Corporation (Currently KPMG AZSA LLC.)
May. 2002: Appointment as a representative partner of the Shinwa
Audit Corporation
Jul. 2018: The representative of Tanaka Teruhiko Audit Firm
Sep. 2019: Auditor, JAEAJ Auditor●(Part-time)

Career Outline

AMANO
Reiko

Tono Geoscience Center

Apr. 1980: Kajima Corporation
Apr. 2005: Manager of the civil engineering technology of the civilengineering management division of Kajima Corp.
Apr. 2011: Manager of the Intellectual Property and License
Department of Kajima Corp.
Feb. 2014: Dedicated Officer of the Intellectual Property and License
Department of Kajima Corp.
Oct. 2014: Deputy Director General of the Innovation Center for
Meteorological Disaster Mitigation and the ResearchCenter for Disaster Resilience of National Research Institutefor Earth Science and Disaster Resilience
Sep. 2019: Auditor, JAEA

Ningyo-toge
Environmental
Engineering Center

Nuclear Science
Research Institute

Harima SR Radioisotope
Laboratory
Research of synchrotron radiation

Decommissioning research of
uranium enrichment facilities

J-PARC CenterTokyo–Kashiwa Area
©RIKEN

Research and development into
fundamental technologies forcomputational science using
supercomputers and other facilities

Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Engineering Laboratories

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201909

Profile of JAEA

Medium- and Long-Term Plan and Its Evaluation
JAEA promotes its operations in accordance with a Medium- and Long-Term Plan created based on medium- and long-termtargets as directed by the responsible ministries (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry, Nuclear Regulation Authority). Since fiscal 2015, JAEA has undertaken operations in accordancewith its third Medium- and Long-Term Plan (April 1, 2015 to March 31, 2022).

Third Medium- and Long-Term Plan (permission for change in April 3, 2019)
The third Medium- and Long-Term Plan prescribes the following operations based on energy policies encompassing nuclear
energy and science and technology policies shown in the Strategic Energy Plan (approved by the Cabinet in July 2018) and theFifth Science and Technology Basic Plan (approved by the Cabinet in January 2016).
I.

Measures to be taken for attaining targets concerning business operations placing top priority on safety

II. Measures to be taken for attaining targets concerning maximizing R&D outcomes and raising quality in other areas
1) R&D pertaining to the response to the accident at TEPCO‘s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
2) Technological support for nuclear safety regulation and safety research for this purpose
3) R&D for improving nuclear safety and activities that contribute to nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear security
4) Basic and fundamental research and human resources development in the nuclear field5) R&D on fast reactors and advanced reactors
6) R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as reprocessing, fuel manufacturing and treatment and disposal of radioactive waste7) Activities for Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning Demonstration
8) Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government collaboration and secure the trust of society
III. Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to enhancing the efficiency of business operations
IV. Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to improving the state of finances
V. Important matters concerning other business operations

Fiscal Year Plan
In accordance with Article 35-8 of the Act on General Rules for Independent Administrative Agencies, JAEA prescribes a plan(fiscal year plan) related to business operations for that fiscal year based on the Medium- and Long-Term Plan prior to the startof that business year.

Evaluation of Operational Results
JAEA receives an evaluation of its operational results every fiscal year by the responsible ministries. The evaluation forfiscal 2018, which corresponds with the fourth year of the third Medium- and Long-Term Plan, and the evaluation for
the interim period (from April 1, 2015 to March 31, 2019) of the plan were disclosed.
JAEA received “B” marks as its comprehensive evaluations in each, and evaluation results by category are as follows.
Fiscal 2018
Evaluation Numberof items
S

A

B

1

5

4

C

1

D

0

Item
• Basic and fundamental research and human resources development in the
nuclear field• R&D pertaining to the response to the accident at TEPCO‘s Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Station• Technological support for nuclear safety regulation and safety research forthis purpose• R&D for improving nuclear safety and activities that contribute to nuclear
non-proliferation and nuclear security• R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as reprocessing, fuelmanufacturing and treatment and disposal of radioactive waste• Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government collaboration andsecure the trust of society• R&D on fast reactors• Promotion of rationalization and efficiency of operations• Budget (including estimate of personnel expenses), income and expenditureplan, financing plan
• Establishment of effective and efficient management system* For details on the Medium- and Long-Term Plan, fiscal year plan and evaluation
results, please see the JAEA website.
http://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html (in Japanese)

10Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Medium/Long-Term Management Plan of JAEA Facilities
JAEA formulated the Medium/Long-Term Management Planof JAEA Facilities on April 1, 2017. This comprehensive plan
focuses on three objectives, namely, selection and consolidationof JAEA’s nuclear facilities, measures to maintain the safety offacilities and management of back-end issues. The Medium/Long-Term Management Plan of JAEA Facilities is updated
every fiscal year based on progress.
In 2018, JAEA conducted earthquake-resistancemeasures, risk reduction measures and management ofback-end issues according to a formulated plan. The Medium/Long-Term Management Plan of JAEA Facilities wasreviewed and revised to reflect the situation in 2018 and the2019 budget on April 1, 2019.

Selection andConsolidation• Prioritization offacilities• Cost reduction

The Medium/Long-Term
Management Plan of
JAEA Facilities

Measures to
Maintain Safety

Management of
Back-End Issues• New regulations• Earthquake resistancemeasures• Measures against
aging• Decommissioning• Treatment anddisposal of wastes* For details on the Medium/Long-Term Management Plan of JAEA Facilities, please see
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/facilities_plan/ (in Japanese)

Budget and Personnel
JAEA works toward rationalizing budgets and personnel bypromoting efficient operations and further raising efficiencyof management departments and re-evaluating its
operations when needed.
Regarding budgets, JAEA works to obtain funding,including competitive funding from a variety of externalorganizations, by actively carrying out consigned researchand joint research. Also, to perform an extensive scope of
R&D ranging from basic and fundamental research toproject-type R&D, JAEA promotes agency-wide, cross-sectionaland flexible personnel allocation to ensure it can makeeffective use of the abilities and aptitudes of each individual.

Budget (left axis)(¥ billion)
400

300

Personnel (right axis)
5,000

3,892 3,831 3,741

3,683

3,750

3,133 3,104 3,090 3,091200

177.0 182.8

195.4 195.4

2,500

148.8 156.8 153.8 154.9
1,250

100

0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016* 2017 20182019 (FY)0* Decreases in budgets and personnel accompanying the transfer and integration to the
National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology

Financial Information (Fiscal 2018)
Summary of Balance Sheet(¥ million)

AssetsSummary of Profit and Loss Statement (¥ million)

Liabilities

Items

Interim period of Third Medium- and Long-Term Plan

Ⅰ. Current assets

173,815

Ⅰ. Current liabilities

64,423

Ordinary expenses

173,063

Evaluation Numberof items

Ⅱ. Fixed assets

521,575

Ⅱ. Fixed liabilities

207,027

Ordinary income

175,020

1. Tangible fixed assets

462,160

Total liabilities

271,450Extraordinary loss

1,469

2. Intangible fixed assets

2,605

Extraordinary income

1,448

3. Investments and other assets

56,810Net income before income taxes

1,936

S

A

B

Item

0

6

5

• Safety assurance and nuclear security–

Medium/Long-Term Management Plan of JAEA Facilities/
Budget and Personnel/Financial Information

C

1

D

0

–
• R&D pertaining to the response to the accident at TEPCO‘s Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Station• Technological support for nuclear safety regulation and safety research forthis purpose• R&D for improving nuclear safety and activities that contribute to nuclear
non-proliferation and nuclear security• Basic and fundamental research and human resources development in the
nuclear field• R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as reprocessing, fuelmanufacturing and treatment and disposal of radioactive waste• R&D on nuclear fusion• R&D on fast reactors• Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government collaboration andsecure the trust of society• Promotion of rationalization and efficiency of operations• Budget (including estimate of personnel expenses), income and expenditureplan, financing plan
• Establishment of effective and efficient management system• Safety assurance and nuclear security–* With regard to “R&D on nuclear fusion,” part of quantum beam science researchand R&D on nuclear fusion have been transferred to the National Institutes for
Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology since fiscal 2016.

Net assets
Ⅰ. Capital stock

820,290

Ⅱ . Capital surplus

Income taxes- 421,647

51

Net income

1,884

Ⅲ . Retained earnings
Total net assets
Total assets

695,391

Total liabilities andnet assets

25,297423,940

Reversal of reserves carried over from theperiod of the previous medium- andlong-term target period

695,391

Total income for the fiscal year

117
2,002

Donations from External Supporters
In fiscal 2018, we received donations totaling 84 million yen from 251 supporters. These donations will be effectively utilized insupport of emerging research and various other JAEA activities.
* For details on financial statements, please see the JAEA website.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201911

Fiscal 2018 Topics“Fugen”

TOPIC

1

TOPIC

“Monju” has safely completed thefirst fiscal year of decommissioning,
while “Fugen” has shifted to a
new phase toward dismantling of
the reactor.

2

Back-end Roadmap formulated by JAEA as
the long-term prospect and policy for back-end measures.

“Monju”

Under the system of the Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning Demonstration,
we are steadily promoting completion of decommissioning.

Individual policies for decommissioning, as well as processing and disposal of radioactive waste
and management of nuclear fuel materials stored in facilities are described for each facility.

For the Prototype Advanced Thermal Reactor Fugen (hereafterreferred to as “Fugen”), decommissioning started in fiscal 2007
and “Decontamination of the Heavy Water System, Helium
System, etc.” was completed and the major components inthe turbine building with less contamination (condensers,
moisture separators, etc., excluding turbine generators) weredismantled and removed by fiscal 2017. Since fiscal 2018, in
preparation for dismantling of the reactor from fiscal 2022, wehave started dismantling of peripheral devices and piping
around the reactor, such as the interfering cooling system.
Moreover, in order to reduce exposure to radioactive dust,
which is generated when cutting pressure pipes loaded with
fuel assemblies in the reactor, and to prevent fire, we areplanning to install a dismantling pool at the reactor top to
dismantle it underwater by remote operation, for which wehave started preparing and are moving ahead steadily to thedismantling operation of the reactor.
For the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Monju (hereafterreferred to as “Monju”), unloading of fuel assemblies, whichis the first phase of decommissioning, started in August 2018,
and 86 spent fuel assemblies were transferred from theex-vessel fuel storage tank (sodium) to the spent fuel pool(water) by January 2019.
Since fiscal 2019, we have started unloading of fuelassemblies from the reactor vessel, aiming for completion offuel unloading operations in fiscal 2022.

In April 2017, JAEA formulated the Medium/ Long-Term
Management Plan of JAEA Facilities, a detailed and concrete
execution scenario through fiscal 2028 designed to
implement a threefold strategy in an integrated manner:
selection and consolidation of facilities, measures to maintainthe safety of facilities and management of back-end issues.
Through formulation of the Plan, JAEA is aiming for the
maintenance and development of its R&D capabilities bystrengthening the safety of its nuclear facilities and ensuring
steady implementation of back-end measures.
Implementation of back-end measures requires along-term perspective, as illustrated by the expectation that
it will take about 70 years to complete the decommissioningof the Tokai Reprocessing Plant. From that standpoint, JAEA
formulated the Back-end Roadmap as the long-term
prospect and policy for back-end measures.
The Back-end Roadmap describes individual policies fordecommissioning for each facility, as well as the processing

Moreover, aiming for the completion of decommissioningin fiscal 2047, we have started preparing also for dismantlingof the sodium-cooling equipment. One of our staff was sent
to France, the leading nation in the field of decommissioningof sodium-cooled fast reactors, to proceed with thedismantling plan, the method of treatment and disposal of
sodium and so on, which are led by the Sector of Tsuruga
Decommissioning Demonstration.
In the future, under the system of the Sector of Tsuruga
Decommissioning Demonstration, by collecting domestic
and global knowledge, we will continue dealing withdecommissioning of “Fugen” and “Monju,” aiming for thecompletion as scheduled.

Back-end Roadmap (Overview)All existing facilities licensed by “Act on the Regulation of Nuclear Source Material,
Facilities
considered Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors.” (Excluding 10 facilities handling radioisotope.)

Promotion of
Back-end Measures(Policy for about 70 years)

Fuel Unloading Process for “Monju” (First phase of decommissioning)
Fiscal year
Treatment of fuel assemblies (530 units)
Ex-vessel fuel storage tank
Fuel pool2018

Preparation of dummy fuel assemblies
Transfer
Ex-vessel fuel storage tank2019

86 units

2020

2021

130 units2022

140 units

100
units
103 units

127 units

130
units

140
units
140 units• Decommissioning• RW Processing & Disposal• Management of nuclear
fuel material

Distribute to the
3 periods
For each facility

79 facilities (as of Dec. 2018)

The 1st period (-2028, about 10 years)
Period to implement back-end measures while giving priority to ensuring safety of facilities
The 2nd period (2029-2049, for about 20 years)
Transitional period toward full-scale decommissioning through the implementation of
the disposal of radioactive waste and the establishment of waste processing facilities
The 3rd period (2050-, for about 40 years)
Period to implement full-scale back-end measures toward completion

174 units

Completed

Unloading of fuel assemblies (370 units)
Reactor vessel Ex-vessel fuel storage tankand disposal of radioactive waste and management of
nuclear fuel materials stored in facilities. Viewing the cost of
implementation of back-end measures over a period of
about 70 years, the cost for facility dismantlement and thatfor processing and disposal of radioactive waste generated
by decommissioning are estimated at approximately 1.9
trillion yen. In working toward achieving the execution of
back-end measures, JAEA should also make continuous
efforts to streamline and optimize the tasks such as R&D,
management system, securing and training human resources,
securing sufficient funding and effective fund use based on
knowledge acquired domestically and abroad.
The specific measures necessary for the implementationof the Back-end Roadmap will be incorporated in futurerevisions of the Medium/ Long-Term Management Plan of
JAEA Facilities. Additionally, the Back-end Roadmap will berevised as needed as decommissioning progresses.

Cost for Back-end
MeasuresTo estimate cost for decommissioning and
RW processing & disposal.

Effort for Streamlining
and Optimization

To discuss the policy on the development of technology and management system, etc.

About 1.9 trillion yen (for about 70 years)* For details on the Back-end Roadmap, please see
https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/about/backend_roadmap/backend_roadmap.pdf

12Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201913

Fiscal 2018 Topics

TOPIC

3

TOPIC

Nuclear Safety Research Reactor“NSRR” first JAEA research reactor
to resume operation after enforcement of new regulatory standards.

On June 28, 2018, NSRR became the first JAEA reactor to restart operation after the enforcementof new regulations. Preparations are also moving favorably toward resumption of operations atother research reactors.
Many research reactors have been temporarily shut down in
response to new regulatory standards that were tightened
after the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power
Station (hereinafter referred to as “1F”). The new regulatory
standards, which came into force in December 2013, haveenhanced or added safety requirements, especially regarding
natural phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunamis andtornadoes, and internal fires, based on the lessons learned
from the 1F accident. In March 2015, NSRR (Nuclear Safety
Research Reactor) applied for permission for theestablishment of a nuclear facility to demonstrate that NSRR
complies with the requirement. After more than 100 review
meetings and interviews with regulatory authorities, NSRR
obtained permission in January 2018, and resumed operation
on June 28, 2018.
Operation resumption is generally permitted after thecompletion of seismic reinforcement work. However, as aresult of discussion with regulatory authorities about thesafety requirements pertaining to reactors of only small
residual radioactivity and low safety risks like NSRR, a grace
period for completing seismic reinforcement work was
granted if the reactors are classified as seismic non-S classand the reinforced building is classified as C class.
Subsequently, NSRR was able to resume operation before
the completion of seismic reinforcement work.
From June to September 2018, we carried out six fuelirradiation experiments and acquired valid data utilized fornational regulations on the advanced fuel developed forfurther improving the safety of nuclear power plants.
NSRR will complete the seismic reinforcement work
carried out from October 2018, and will resume operation in
February 2020 after periodic inspection of the facilities.
The Nuclear Science Research Institute has research
reactors “JRR-3 (Japan Research Reactor No. 3)” andstationary criticality test equipment “STACY (Static
Experiment Critical Facility)” as research reactors aimed atresuming operation. JRR-3 and STACY obtained permission
for the establishment of a nuclear facility on November 17,
2018 and January 31, 2018, respectively. In the future, JRR-3
will work on safety measures such as installation of facilities in
preparation for an accident exceeding previous assumptions
and seismic reinforcement work, in preparation forresumption of operation in February 2021. During thisnon-operational period, we will transition from Ni-mirror
guides to super-mirror guides. As a result, neutron beam
intensity will increase and bring more speed and precision toneutron experiments. Regarding STACY, in preparation forresumption of operation in January 2021, we will work on
renewal efforts for remodeling from an experiment criticalfacility using solution fuel to an experiment critical facility
using solid fuel and a water moderator. To contribute tosupport for regulations related to the decommissioning of 1F,
we will develop criticality control technologies related to fueldebris retrieval.

4

Contamination incident inradiation-controlled area of
the Plutonium Fuel Fabrication
Facility in the Nuclear Fuel
Cycle Engineering Laboratory

Plutonium Fuel Fabrication Facility

In future projects, JAEA will take all possible measures to prevent similar incidents andto ensure safety.
On January 30, 2019, a contamination incident occurred in aradiation-controlled area of the Plutonium Fuel Fabrication
Facility in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratory. We
would like to express our deepest apologies to the people ofJapan, especially local people and parties concerned, for thetremendous worry and inconvenience caused by this incident.
We have confirmed that nine workers in the room at thattime had no internal exposure and that there is no impact on
the environment from this incident. In addition, we completed
decontamination in the room by the end of June 2019.
This incident occurred while taking measures to prevent
recurrence related to an internal exposure accident at the
Plutonium Fuel Research Facility in the Oarai Research andDevelopment Institute (formerly Oarai Research andDevelopment Center) in June 2017. JAEA has taken special
note of this fact. After ensuring that every employee

understands the cause and background of this incident, we
will take all possible measures to prevent similar incidents
and to ensure safety.
We recognize JAEA’s responsibility as the only comprehensive research institute of nuclear power in Japan and strive
to gain understanding and trust of nuclear power from thepeople of Japan. Furthermore, we will put forward our best
effort to become a model for nuclear power operators, while
sharing information and living in harmony with residents.
We submitted a nuclear facility failure report thatsummarized the causes and countermeasures* of this incident
to the Nuclear Regulatory Authority. As of the end of July
2019, we continue striving to develop and deploy
improvement activities.
* Please visit our website for details of the nuclear facility failure report.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2019/p19040401/ (in Japanese)[Summary of contamination]
Contamination occurred during the replacement of the two double plastic bags individually enclosing two metal storage containers (an aluminum can was in the first double bag anda stainless steel can was in the second) containing nuclear fuel material.

[Causes]
Inadequate removal of nuclear materials on the outer surface of storage container (stainless steel can) before bag-out operation
Continuation of bag-out operation without noticing that there was a hole in the plastic bag, resulting in contamination.
3 Began packing second plastic bag without contamination and appearance inspections of the bag-out item. Usually, contamination and appearance inspections of the bag-out
item are required before starting the second packing.
1
2

Glove box operation

Bag-out from glove box
Plastic bag used forbag-out is triply welded

Plastic bag

Storagecontainer

Inside of the
glove box

Storagecontainer

Red-colored fabric tape

Storagecontainer

Storagecontainer

Cutting“Glove box” is an enclosure toconfine nuclear fuel material in
the box with negative pressure
against atmosphere.
All operations inside of thebox are done through gloves
as shown above.

Port used forbag-in and or
bag-out operation

Plastic bag

Glove box
Storagecontainer

14

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Workbench

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201915

Social Value Creation

The Path to JAEA’s
Social Value Creation

Realization of Mission

Contribute to the welfare andprosperity of human society throughnuclear science and technology

The most important watchwords of JAEA are “Safety,” “Compliance” and “Action.” We will seek to use
our technology and wisdom, as the only comprehensive nuclear research and development institute inJapan, for the benefit of society.

Innovation for the Useof Nuclear Energy

Major Challenges
for JAEA

1. Solution of energy resource problems
Contribution to the achievement of SDGs

2. Reduction in amount and toxicity ofradioactive waste* For details on “Major Challenges
for JAEA,” please see P18.

“Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)” are international goals
through the year 2030 adopted at the UN Sustainable Development
Summit in September 2015. Comprising 17 goals and 169 targets,these are the goals shared by the international community to realize
a sustainable world. JAEA will launch various measures as part of its
efforts to contribute to the solution of these issues.

3. Decommissioning of nuclear facilities andmanagement of radioactive waste

Social Issues
around JAEA

Safety4. Development of new types ofnuclear systems
5. Establishment of safety systems
6. Response to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Station Accident• Safety Assurance

Energy resource
problems• Ensure Nuclear Security• Nuclear Nonproliferation and
Nuclear Security

Innovation through Nuclear Science

Future Vision
The Path toRealization of Mission

gh
ou
hr EA
n t JAtio orea s fCr ge
ion allenat
ov Ch
Inn ajor
M* For details of “JAEA 2050 +,” please see P54-P55.

1. Basic and fundamental research,cutting-edge nuclear science researchand research using neutrons

Safe nuclear
energy use

Management by the President

2. Creation of innovation in wide-ranging
fields by making JAEA facilities available
to outside users or jointly using themCompliance

MissionContribute to the welfare and prosperity of human society through nuclear science and technology

Vision• Appropriate Contracting Practices• Risk Management

To meet the expectations of Japanese citizens as Japan’s sole comprehensive nuclear
research and development institute (we shall aim for the following)• Public Relations• An organization that contributes to the development of nuclear science and technology, to the peaceful use of
global nuclear energy and to regional development• Information Disclosure

lve
So s
o
e
n t ssu
tio l I
Ac ociaS

The accident at
TEPCO’s Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear
Power Station• An organization that promotes research into improving nuclear safety• An organization that creates innovation through interaction and collaboration with other fields of technology

Action• Strategy for International Cooperation• Cooperation among Government,
Industry and Academia

Decommissioning of
nuclear facilities andmanagement ofradioactive waste“JAEA 2050 + ”

Organizational
Enhancement by
Management• An organization that contributes to the solution of global climate change, to ensuring energy stability and to theachievement of Society 5.0

To lead nuclear research and development with a high organizational IQ• An organization with high organizational IQ that always ensures safety first, always thinks independently andalways continues to improve its efficiency• Development of Human Resources in the
Field of Nuclear Energy• An organization that can best utilize limited resources (budget, assets, manpower)• Research & Development

Strategy• Strategy for Innovation Creation

Maintenance ofinternational
competitivenessTo share a sense of value and uplift the level of job quality
To enhance efforts toward establishment of public acceptance
To promote job prioritization, job streamlining, introduction of information technology andintroduction of all cutting-edge technology
To enact management reform with the establishment of clear and straightforward plans

Ensuring nuclear
nonproliferation andnuclear security

16

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201917

Social Value Creation

Major Challenges for JAEATOPICS
JAEA Technology Salon
Measures to Give the Results of Research and Development Back to Society

SafetyJapan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) launches measures that lead to the creation of
innovation while giving back to society the results of research and development it has
cultivated. As a new step in fostering the fusion of different fields and disciplines based on• Safety Assurance• Ensure Nuclear Security

its innovation creation strategy, the “JAEA Technology Salon” was held in FY2018.

• Nuclear Nonproliferation and
Nuclear Security

where scientists briefed them on JAEA’s technologies that may be applicable to industry.

Representatives from businesses and other organizations were invited to attend the salon,
Working with outside experts knowledgeable on industry-academia-government collaboration and startups, the salon has provided an opportunity for an exchange of opinions on
various topics, including ways to return the results of research and development to society

Compliance

Action• Strategy for International Cooperation• Appropriate Contracting Practices• Risk Management• Cooperation among Government,
Industry and Academia• Public Relations• Development of Human Resources in the
Field of Nuclear Energy• Information Disclosure• Research & Development• Strategy for Innovation Creationand issues concerning commercialization.

JAEA’s technologies introduced at the 1st session of JAEA
Technology Salon

Following the “JAEA Technology Salon,” companies with no business relationship in
the past have come to JAEA for technology consultation. Also, the salon has served as a“bridge” in endeavors that encompass deployment in joint research that utilizes thetechnologies described on the day of the salon session.
As the only integrated nuclear research and development organization in Japan, JAEA
will continue its efforts to use its technology and know-how for the benefit of society, notonly in energy utilization fields but also in other domains of everyday life.
The results of research and development, including papers and patents released by
JAEA (totaling approximately 100,000), can be viewed on the “JAEA Originated Papers

Three Elements That JAEA Considers as Its Major Challenges

Safety
JAEA holds ensuring safety as a fundamental premise for its
operations, and lists it as the top priority in its basic policy ofmanagement and operation. In the recognition that our nuclear
facilities handle potentially hazardous materials, we take all measures
to ensure safety, quality assurance and nuclear security. Thus,
ensuring safety is cited as the top priority in our conduct standard.
* For details on “Safety,” please see the pages below.
P20-P23: “Operations Placing the Utmost Priority on Safety”
P24-P25: “Toward a World without Threats of Nuclear
Proliferation and Nuclear Terrorism”

Compliance
JAEA defines “compliance” as “respecting its management
principles and conduct standards, complying with applicablelaws, regulations and rules, its obligations under contracts andcorporate ethics, and behaving in conformance with social
norms” in order to be an entity trusted by the public and the
local community. We actively address compliance, and makeappropriate responses to any notification concerning compliance.
* For details on “Compliance,” please see the pages below.
P26: “Promotion of Risk Management and Compliance”
P27: “Appropriate Contracting Practices”
P28-P29: “Public Consultation, Public Relations andInformation Disclosure”

18

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Searching System (JOPSS).”* For details on industry-academia-government collaboration and results of research and development,
please visit the JAEA website.
https://tenkai.jaea.go.jp

Action
JAEA’s mission is to contribute to the welfare of human society
through nuclear technologies. On the other hand, many
outcomes of JAEA’s research and development activities canbe widely used for purposes other than utilization of nuclear
energy. Accordingly, JAEA reviewed its mission and formulated“JAEA’s Strategy for Innovation Creation” to construct a new
R&D mechanism for fulfilling its mission. It was published on
March 31, 2017.
Through implementing the “Strategy for Innovation Creation,”
we will seek to use our technology and wisdom, as the only
comprehensive nuclear research and development institute inJapan, for the benefit of society. In implementing it, we classify
innovations we are aiming at as “Innovation for the Use of
Nuclear Energy” and “Innovation through Nuclear Science.”* For details on “Action,” please see the pages below.
P30-P31: “Initiatives for Promoting R&D”

Some Technologies of the JAEA Introduced at the 1st JAEA Technology Salon• Compact and simple technology for the recovery ofvaluable metal• Hydrogen isotope/ion storage/separation
technology using single-layer thin graphene film

• Dichlorination technology for chlorinated ethylenes• Unique Teflon microfabrication technology withwide applications from medicine to industry• Advanced metal selection/separation technologythat utilizes molecular template-recognition
complex structure• Revolutionary laser cutting technology that seeks to
reduce environmental impact• Table-top, pretreatment-free miniature accelerator
mass spectrometry device• On-site detection of hazardous metals andbiomarkers using wearable devices• Status and future prospects of spintronics research

Robot arm equipped with
sputter collector

Robot arm equipped with laser
cutting adaptive control system

Sputter collector

Multifunctional laser
processing head

• JAEA’s R&D
P32-P33: “Sector of Fukushima Research and Development”

22 m wide
Sequential
injectionsystemAnalyzing magnet

Tandem accelerator

P34-P35: “Sector of Nuclear Safety Research andEmergency Preparedness”
P36-P37: “Sector of Nuclear Science Research”
P38-P39: “Sector of Fast Reactor and Advanced Reactor
Research and Development”
P40-P41: “Sector of Nuclear Fuel, Decommissioning andWaste Management Technology Development”
P42-P43: “Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning Demonstration”

Wearable Devices

SampleRobot arm equipped withsample holder

Laser cutting control system for reducing environmental burden

Faraday cup
detectors

MC-SNICS ion
source13 m
longMultiple anodegas counter
Size of the ultra-compact
AMS under development

Ultra-compact accelerator mass spectrometer

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201919

Safety

Operations Placing the Utmost Priority
on Safety
Basic Policies Concerning Safety Management

Agency-Wide Sharing of Lessons Learned from Accidents and Acting upon Such Lessons

In its Basic Policy, JAEA specifies ensuring safety as the matter of utmost priority for its management
and operations. In addition, based on the six Basic Policies concerning safety management set out by
the President, JAEA continuously seeks to foster a safety culture and a nuclear security culture toensure safety of its facilities and operations and proper control of its nuclear materials.

To prevent occurrence of similar events, JAEA has in place asystem in case of an accident or a problem to provide all
JAEA sites with lessons learned from investigation of its
causes (including measures taken to prevent recurrence) andto incorporate these lessons as necessary into their on-site work.
During fiscal 2018, we shared information on 26 cases ofaccidents or problems both within and outside JAEA, andcorrective action in order to prevent recurrence.

Occurrence of Accidents and Problems

Basic policy on safety andhealth management

Action policy concerning
fostering a safety culture
and compliance withlaws and regulations at
nuclear facilities

Quality policy
concerning nuclear
safety management

Basic Policies for
Safety Activities

Action policy concerning
fostering a nuclear
security culture

Basic environmental
policyIn fiscal 2018, we had one accident or problem that required
reporting pursuant to the Act on Regulations of Nuclear
Source Material, Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors; it was acontamination accident that occurred in the controlled areaof the Plutonium Fuel Fabrication Facility at the Nuclear Fuel
Cycle Engineering Laboratories. There was one violation ofsafety regulations relating to this accident.
In addition, we had four lost workday injuries incidents andreceived two corrective recommendations by the Labor
Standards Inspection Office.
As for the contamination accident in the controlled areaof the Plutonium Fuel Fabrication Facility at the Nuclear Fuel

Cycle Engineering Laboratories, pursuant also to the
instructions of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology “Future measures for recurrence
prevention of accident or problem following on thecontamination accident in the controlled area of the
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories” in April 2019and referring to the improvements based on the cause
investigation of the accident, we have executed anagency-wide sharing of information.

Activities to Foster a Safety Culture

Action policy concerning
fostering a safety culture
and compliance with laws
and regulations at nuclear
facilities

JAEA pursues activities in line with the “Policy for Activities
to Foster a Safety Culture and Ensure Compliance with
Applicable Laws and Regulations at Nuclear Facilities.”
In fiscal 2018, officials undertook safety patrols andexchanged opinions with the staff at JAEA sites to promote
information sharing and mutual understanding between
management and the staff. In addition, at each JAEA site,
there was a safety gathering with participation of partners, asafety and health patrol by the director general, safety
sensory training to enhance safety consciousness and so on.
Moreover, in fiscal 2018, there were frequent accidents
caused by human error and resulting in injury, such as theone at “Monju,” where a staff member who did not notice aheight difference in floors fell and was injured, and anotherat Oarai Research & Development Center, where a staff
member fell off a ladder and was injured. Following these
accidents, JAEA deployed staff specialized in safety
management at each site, established a system of instruction
and advice on safety activities, and introduced a certification
system of the person in charge of safety management at thesite. In addition, with the aim to enhance field capabilities
and to promote safety consciousness, we arranged lectures
and training by visiting lecturers. We will continue our efforts
to further enhance safety consciousness.

Ensuring Safety before Anything ElseAs a national R&D institute handling a large quantity ofradioactive materials, JAEA is required to demonstrateextremely high levels of safety and reliability. As such, weformulated basic policies concerning safety, quality andnuclear security and have been promoting operations
according to them, placing safety before everything else.
Each JAEA site undertakes safety-related activities, with
its own quality targets based on the “Quality Assurance
Policy on Nuclear Safety,” and with its own action plans inaccordance with the “Policy and Measures for Activities toFoster a Safety Culture and to Ensure Compliance with

20

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Applicable Laws and Regulations.” Each site also seeks
continuous operational improvement by repeating theplan-do-check-act (PDCA) process. In addition, by instillingrecognition of the importance of pre-determined routine
actions at the level of each workplace, we strive to ensure
the safety of on-site work through a range of routines,
including the on-site 5S activities (seiri (proper arrangement),
seiton (orderly arrangement), seiketsu (maintenance of goodsanitary conditions), seisou (cleaning activities) and shitsuke(discipline)) and pre-work activities such as risk assessments
and hazard prediction activities.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201921

Operations Placing the Utmost Priority on Safety
SafetyMaintenance of Emergency Response Systems

Initiatives for Our Own Quality Improvement
With a view to ensuring the safety of its nuclear facilities,
JAEA has detailed its quality policy concerning nuclear safety
management in accordance with the operational safety
program of reactors and other facilities. We are ensuring
proper operation and continuous improvement of safetyrelated activities under our quality management system.

Management Review by the President
The President himself receives and reviews periodic activity
reports from each facility to ensure effectiveness of various
safety-related activities at our nuclear facilities and to
improve our quality management system and security
operations. We had three management reviews during fiscal
2018, when managers (executive directors in charge of eachsite) reported the implementation status of quality assurance
activities, their evaluation, improvements and so on at eachsite. As per instruction for improvement by the President, it
was decided to set quality targets for the next fiscal year andto work on quality assurance activities, considering thelessons learned from the contamination incident that
occurred in the controlled area of the Plutonium Fuel
Fabrication Facility, which are executed at each site.

Agency-Wide Safety Review and Quality
Assurance Committee
We have established the Agency-wide Safety Review andQuality Assurance Committee to deliberate on safety
reviews required for licensing of nuclear facilities and basic
matters of quality assurance activities across JAEA. In fiscal
2018, the committee met 19 times to discuss a total of 41
matters, including the license application of nuclear facilities
and application for approval of decommissioning plans. In
addition, we shared information about causes of accidents or
problems in fiscal 2018, countermeasures against them andour responses to comments given in safety inspections; wealso proceeded with initiatives to ensure safety through close
collaboration between the Safety and Nuclear Security
Administration Department and each JAEA site.

Strict Compliance with Laws and Regulations and Coping with Aging Facilities
Compliance with Regulatory Standards
and Response to Introduction of New
Inspection Program
Certification of compliance with the new regulatory
standards triggered by the accident at TEPCO‘s Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Station must be obtained for research
reactors and other facilities. Following the permission
obtained for changes in the reactor installation licenses of
the STACY and the NSRR in fiscal 2017 (January 2018),
permission for three facilities was granted in fiscal 2018:
installation of the Oarai Research and Development Institute
Waste Management Facility (August); changes in the installation licenses of the Nuclear Science Research Institute
Waste Management Facility (October); and changes inreactor installation licenses for the JRR-3 (November).
Accordingly, we are proceeding to obtain approval for theirdesign and construction methods.
Elsewhere, ahead of transfer to the New Inspection
Program by the revision and enforcement of the Act on
Regulations of Nuclear Source Material, Nuclear Fuel
Material and Reactors in April 2020, we have beenproceeding with preparation within JAEA and adjustmentswith the Nuclear Regulation Authority since January 2018.
For the New Inspection Program, we have establishedpolicies (guidelines) such as formulation of a maintenanceplan, securing of independence of an operator’s inspection,

free access measures by the inspector of the Nuclear
Regulation Authority, indicators for continuous improvementof safety activities (PI: Performance Indicators), improvement
activities (CAP: Corrective Action Program) and so on, whichwere shared with all JAEA sites subject to inspection topromote test operations.

Efforts to Organize and Prioritize Aging
Facilities for Utilization
Because JAEA started its R&D operations in the 1960s,
many of its facilities and equipment items are now aging.
These older facilities and equipment items pose greater riskin terms of safety and need to be prioritized; in other words,
these facilities must be grouped into those we will continue
to use and those we will no longer use and have todecommission. We need to carry out upgrades and repairs
in a systematic manner for the former group, while we needto implement measures necessary for decommissioning forthe latter group, ensuring safety.
According to this recognition, we conducted priority (risk)
assessments again in fiscal 2018, and promoted managementof these facilities by incorporating plans to address aging into
the Medium- and Long-Term Management Plan for JAEA
Facilities. As a result, the number of facility and equipment
failures or breakages due mainly to aging dropped to 2 infiscal 2018, from 5 in fiscal 2017.

Crisis Management at JAEA
In preparation for various crises, including nuclear facility
accidents/failures and natural disasters, we operate andmaintain emergency response systems (e.g. teleconferencing
system, broadcast fax system, and emergency call-up

22Japan Atomic Energy Agency

system) to enable us to unfailingly share information within
JAEA and send out information to external parties. We also
provide periodic education and training to emergency
response staff.

To ensure continued operation of emergency response
systems, we conduct periodic inspections and carry out system
upgrades in order in accordance with our upgrade plan.
In fiscal 2018, we conducted repairs and othermaintenance work on the teleconferencing system and theemergency call-up system to counter their aging andmaintain our ability to distribute and send out information.
Additionally, on the Integrated Nuclear Emergency
Preparedness Network that connects JAEA with theSecretariat of the Nuclear Regulation Authority, we
conducted periodic connection testing to ensure availabilityof services in case of a nuclear emergency.

Efforts Related to Crisis Management
Education and Training
We provided education events for the members of the JAEA
Emergency Response Headquarters and local emergency
response headquarters on their respective roles in the eventof emergencies.
To provide training on emergencies that may originate
from facilities of JAEA, we conducted a total of 20 drills

involving the JAEA Emergency Response Headquarters.
To improve our emergency response capabilities,
we dispatched experts from outside JAEA to comprehensive
emergency preparedness drills at the sites subject to the Act
on Special Measures Concerning Nuclear Emergency
Preparedness. In the drills, we conducted exercises onproviding information to the Secretariat of the Nuclear
Regulation Authority via the Integrated Emergency Network,with the aim of refining JAEA‘s system to share and send out
information. In addition, during the comprehensive
emergency preparedness drills at the Oarai Research andDevelopment Center and the site of “Monju,” we conducted
drills that incorporated support from other JAEA sites andconfirmed that the supporting system of the entire organization worked.

Response to Accidents and Problems
Upon occurrence of an accident or a problem, we use theemergency response system to mount a swift response incollaboration between the headquarters and the relevant site.
In fiscal 2018, we had 31 accidents or problems that necessitateduse of the emergency response system within JAEA.

Comprehensive Emergency Preparedness Drills at Sites in Fiscal 2018
Sept. 25, 2018

Oct. 16, 2018

Nov. 22, 2018

Jan. 15, 2019Feb. 19, 2019

Mar. 5, 2019

Nuclear Science
Research Institute

Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Engineering Laboratories

Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center

Oarai Research andDevelopment InstitutePrototype Fast Breeder
Reactor Monju

Fugen Decommissioning
Engineering Center

Approx. 320
individuals

Approx. 1,800
individuals

Approx. 280
individuals

Approx. 310
individuals

Approx. 330
individuals

Approx. 190
individuals

Initiatives for Nuclear Security and Safeguards to Ensure Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) steadily promotes“nuclear security” that is designed to prevent the theft ofnuclear and radioactive materials and the sabotage of
nuclear facilities in accordance with laws and regulations.
In addition, JAEA actively cooperates with the safeguards
activities launched by the Japanese government and theInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to ensure that
nuclear materials are not diverted to the manufacture of
nuclear weapons.
In relation to “nuclear security,” JAEA plans to step up its
vigilance and appropriately operates the “trustworthinessdetermination program”* as part of its measures againstinternal threats in view of upcoming large-scale events,
including the Olympic and Paralympic Games to be held inTokyo in 2020. Furthermore, JAEA will take appropriate
measures and follow the guidelines, etc. of the government
concerning power plants, transportation and other vital
infrastructure facilities to prevent and deflect cyber-terrorism
acts that occur via computer networks, which pose asignificant challenge.
As part of its response to safeguards activities, JAEA
monitors the exact amount of incoming and outgoing
nuclear materials as well as its inventory and submits nuclear

material accounting reports to the government inaccordance with laws and regulations. JAEA is working toensure the transparency of nuclear material utilization by
accepting, as the occasion demands, safeguards inspections(verification) by the government and the IAEA as amechanism for confirming the validity of nuclear accountancy.
In fiscal 2018, JAEA cooperated with the IAEA so thatappropriate safeguards inspections could be carried out atfacilities where decommissioning is planned in ways that
correspond to the status of decommissioning alreadyunderway. JAEA’s cooperation is also designed to support
the smooth introduction of new safeguards approaches(inspection method) that the IAEA has been promoting,which take the status of the nuclear fuel cycle in Japan
into consideration.
* Trustworthiness determination program: As one of the measures against threats from
employees and other insiders, this program surveys the positions, careers, relation withterrorism and other backgrounds of individuals who have access to the designatedinner areas of nuclear facilities and handle confidential information regarding physicalprotection, so as to confirm that they will not conduct any sabotage.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201923

Safety

Towards a World without Threats of
Nuclear Weapon and Nuclear Terrorism
To move towards a world without nuclear Weapon and nuclear terrorism, JAEA/ISCN works ontechnological development, policy research, supporting human capacity building and contributing to
the CTBT international verification regime in the field of nuclear non-proliferation, nuclear security
and denuclearization.

Overview of Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Non-proliferation and Nuclear Security
Technology Development for Domestic andInternational Applications

Support for Government Policymaking
Based on Technological Expertise

JAEA implements technology development to strengthen nuclear
non-proliferation and nuclear security based on national and international
needs. We are making attempts at development of technology to detect
nuclear materials in heavily shielded containers, technology for nondestructive analysis of nuclear materials contained in highly radioactive
and complex materials, etc. As for nuclear forensics, which analyzes theorigins of nuclear materials seized by law-enforcement authorities, efforts
involve the development of handheld radionuclide identification devices
to support initial on site response on nuclear and radiological terrorism
and AI for analyzing signatures of nuclear
forensics. We are also working on thedevelopment of methods for characterization of nuclear materials and methods
for reduction of threat as countermeasures
Delayed gamma-ray analysis test
equipment capable ofagainst nuclear and radiological terrorism
measurement of nuclear materials
in collaboration with the United States.
contained in highly radioactive andIn order to support government policymaking, the
ISCN conducts political research on nuclear
non-proliferation and nuclear security based on
our technical knowledge.
Since fiscal 2018, at the request of relevant
administrative authorities, the ISCN has started a“study on factor analysis and technical process forachievement of denuclearization.” The analyzed
factors are motivation for nuclear development,
national or international situations and implementation of denuclearization efforts using examples
from South Africa, which achieved denuclearization, Libya, which made attempts at nuclear
development, and other countries that havepossessed or tried to develop nuclear weapons.
Moreover, the ISCN conducts research andanalysis on the international trend of nuclear
non-proliferation and nuclear security, andpublishes the results on its website, andprovides the information to the relevant
authorities in the form of “nuclear nonproliferation trends,” a “nuclear nonproliferation pocket book” and so on.

complex materials
Low resolution, high efficiency
detector: Counting information
High and medium resolution, lowefficiency detector: Energy
distribution information

Hybrid spectrum

Development of handheld radionuclide identification devices to support initial
response to nuclear and radiological terrorism

Human Resources Development for Emerging Nuclear Countries in Asia
The ISCN was established under JAEA following Japan’s national statement at the2010 Nuclear Security Summit. As of March 2019, there are 4,212 participants from 86
countries (including Japan) and five international organizations that have received
training through ISCN’s 165 courses. ISCN training programs consist of exercises
using training tools such as ISCN’s proprietary virtual reality (VR) system and the
Physical Protection Exercise Field, as well as lectures and group discussions. They aredesigned to meet the needs of each partner country and have drawn high praisefrom the U.S. government as well as the Japanese government.
The ISCN’s major focus is on participants from nuclear emerging countries in Asia
who do not typically have the experience of visiting a nuclear power plant. The virtual
experience with VR technologies and the hands-on training with nuclear security
equipment at the Physical Protection Exercise Field, therefore, enhance theeffectiveness of training. ISCN also promotes cooperation with training centers in
China and the Republic of Korea, and exchanges of lecturers.

24Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Lectures by experts

Training with realequipment on physicalprotection exercises

On-site training at JAEA
facilities

Contributing to the CTBT International
Verification Regime

Efforts to Promote Understanding andInternational Contribution

The CTBT prohibits all nuclear weapon test explosions
anywhere in the world, and stipulates the establishment ofa regime to ensure the compliance of member states.
Though it has not yet entered into force, 88% of theinternational monitoring system consisting of 337 monitoring
facilities worldwide are already established and inprovisional operation.
As well as conducting operation and maintenance of theradionuclide monitoring facilities and developing verification systems, JAEA is contributing to disarmament andnuclear non-proliferation through its active cooperation
with the Japanese government in the analysis andevaluation of the past six nuclear tests in North Korea, andin the noble gas measurement project to improve nuclear
test monitoring capability.

The ISCN is disseminating information both inside andoutside JAEA through its website and the distribution of the
ISCN Newsletter. It also organizes an international forum on
nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security. In addition todispatching experts to international meetings at the IAEA
and other venues, as part of JASPAS activities the ISCN
provides technical assistance for IAEA safeguards andconducts safeguards training (training courses atreprocessing plants) in cooperation with the IAEA.

ISCN ニューズレター
No.0264
March, 2019
国立研究開発法人日本原子力研究開発機構（JAEA）
核不拡散・核セキュリティ総合支援センター（ISCN）

Radionuclide Monitoring Stations operated and maintained by JAEA

1

ISCN Newsletter

Okinawa monitoring station(measurement of particulates)

International Forum

Takasaki monitoring station(measurement of particulates andnoble gases)

TOPICS
Contributions Relating to International
Non-proliferation Issues

Prevention of Nuclear Terrorism andCooperation in Response to Incidents

Same as in fiscal 2017, with participants fromthe Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI),
the Training Course on Safeguard Implementation for Iran was held in July 2018. It received
a high evaluation from the IAEA as thiscooperation has smoothened communication
with Iran in preparation for the implementationof the “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action(JCPOA)” on the nuclear issues in Iran.
Moreover, in response to a request by the
IAEA, a new training sponsored by the IAEA for
safeguards implementation for member
countries with Small Quantities Protocol (SQP)
was held. It was the first time that this course
was held in Asia, of which the practical training
received a high evaluation from the IAEA, with adecision for it to be held again in fiscal 2019.

Ahead of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics andParalympics, strengthening of measuresagainst nuclear terrorism at large events isrequired and, based on the development of
nuclear material detection technology andnuclear forensics technology by the ISCN,
we are promoting cooperation with security
authorities in the prevention of nuclear
terrorism and response to incidents.

ADU

UOx

Training for safeguards implementation
for member countries with Small
Quantities Protocol (SQP)
Analysis by nuclear forensics technology(microscopic image example)

VR system

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201925

Compliance

Promotion of Risk Management and ComplianceAppropriate Contracting Practices(Seeking to Ensure Fairness, Transparency and Rationality)

JAEA is promoting risk management activities to reduce and prevent various
potential risks, including compliance risk. Efforts include monitoring risk
management activities of each sector within JAEA, distributing Risk and Compliance
Newsletters to all employees and raising awareness in each workplace via training.
Through these efforts, we, as an institute engaging in nuclear R&D, will continue towork harder to merit the trust placed upon us by society.
JAEA provides compliance training every fiscal year, by job class and by subject.
In fiscal 2018, training was held for new hires and employees newly promoted to theassistant manager level (202 participants, in total) and under the joint auspices ofsome departments (all sites, 675 participants) to reacknowledge and improve
mindfulness of compliance.
JAEA has participated in the work of the Expert Committee on Compliance,
the Association for National Research & Development Agencies, enhancing
a compliance-minded atmosphere.

JAEA formulates a Procurement Rationalization Plan every fiscal year. According to this plan, we implement the plan-docheck-act (PDCA) cycle to promote autonomous and continuous rationalization of procurement and related activities, while
ensuring fairness and transparency.
Furthermore, we promote procurement of eco-friendly products, such as those designated under the Act on Promoting
Green Procurement, from the viewpoint of environmental preservation. We also purchase products preferentially fromorganizations supporting persons with disabilities.
Under the Act on Promoting Green Purchasing, JAEA procured 99% eco-friendly goods for supplies and services. We also
contracted 12 public works.
Training on compliance (Tsuruga Head Office)

PDCA Cycle
in JAEA’s Contracting Process
ActionIncorporation of Inspection
Results into the Following
Year’s Plan

CheckRigorous Review andMonitoring Systems

President

Risk Management Committee

Supervision of risk management

Deliberation on matters related to risk management
ChairmanFormulation of Risk Management
Promotion Policies

Members

President
Executive Vice President, Executive Directors
and heads of relevant departments

Expert Committee on Reported Incidents
Deliberation on and review of matters related toreported incidents and compliance
ChairmanMembers

Executive Director in charge of legal
affairs and audits
Relevant Executive Directors,
department heads and lawyers

Collaboration with
Agency Lawyers

Deliberation/review

Formulation of a Risk Management
Plan for Each Fiscal Year• Risk management andcompliance activities ineach JAEA organization• Efforts to cultivate
risk management
and complianceawareness based on
the annual plan

Legal Consultation Hotline

Reporting• Providing training

Risk Management Officer (Director General of Each JAEA
R&D Institute and Center, Director of Each Head Office, etc.)* For details on the promotion of compliance, please see the JAEA website.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/compliance/ (in Japanese)

26

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

ReportingDo

Do• Our basic, main tool for procurement is general competitive bidding. However, taking into account our highly specialized R&D
operations that require a high level of expertise, we make flexible use of diverse modes of contracts to conduct rational
procurement that is also fair and transparent.

Secretariat to the Risk Management Office

External Hotline

ActionExecution of Rational Procurement

Legal and Audit Department

Internal Hotline• We formulated the
Fiscal 2019 Procurement
Rationalization Plan inJune 2019.

Plan

Reporting

Procurement
Rationalization Plan

• To ensure fair contracts, weincorporate the results of follow-up
checks and inspections into
the following year’s plan andindividual contracts.

Check

Compliance enlightening poster• A potential contract undergoes aprior review by the Contract Review
Committee, whose members
include external experts. This review
checks the entry conditions, and in
the case of negotiated contracts,
the reasons for using single
tendering and whether competitive
bidding is indeed unfeasible.
• The Contract Monitoring
Committee, which comprises
the Auditors of JAEA and external
experts, checks the progress on
implementing the Procurement
Rationalization Plan and carries
out follow-up inspections on
individual contracts.

Plan

Legal advice onvarious matters• Preventive legal
measures to preventand resolve various
legal issues

Each Sector within JAEA (Workplace)

Efforts to Ensure Competitive Opportunities in Our Contracting Process• When conducting bidding, we strive to provide competitive opportunities to participants by not imposing unnecessarily strict
entry conditions, creating easy-to-understand specifications, providing a sufficient public notice period and posting ourannual procurement plan on our website.
• We also make efforts to increase the number of bid participants. As part of these efforts, we conduct questionnaire surveys to
ask companies that did not participate in the bidding about the reasons for their withdrawal. For contracts involving a large
amount of money, we hold a bidding briefing session in advance to promote an understanding of our specifications.

Efforts to Prevent Collusive Rigging Involving Government Agencies• Conducted education and awareness campaign through an e-learning system to all employee in efforts to prevent collusive
rigging involving government agencies.

* For details on the Procurement Rationalization Plan, please see the JAEA website.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/contract/ (in Japanese)
Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201927

Compliance

Public Consultation, Public Relations andInformation Disclosure
JAEA ensures the transparency of its operations by proactively communicating facility safety and otherinformation in addition to disseminating the outcomes of its R&D activities. At the same time, JAEA
works to foster mutual understanding with local communities and society as part of its efforts to earn
their trust through dialogue and similar activities.

Proactive Provision and Disclosure of Information and Transparency
JAEA aims to disclose to the public an array of R&D results obtained from its activities
in a timely manner through mass media, using such means as press releases.
As additional means to disseminate information to a broader audience, JAEA makes
use of its website and social networking service account. Its website features acollection of short videos called “Project JAEA,” in which researchers and engineerspresent their respective R&D results. JAEA also has various publications on its website,
like “GENKI,” a series of public relations magazines that describes its R&D initiatives inan easy-to-understand manner, and “graph JAEA,” a more visual series featuring
numerous interesting photographs. Lastly, JAEA makes use of its official Twitter
account (@JAEA_en) to provide the latest information on these videos and magazines.

GENKI (vol. 53, 2019)graph JAEA

Information Disclosure

Exhibition at Events

JAEA confirms the objectivity and transparency of its
operations. Concurrently, JAEA promptly and appropriately
responds to disclosure requests as provided for in theso-called Act on Access to Information. JAEA also holds
meetings of the Public Information Committee constituted
by external experts to verify the proper operation of its
information disclosure system.

JAEA actively participates in external exhibition events.
At the “Youngsters‘ Science Festival” held every summer,
JAEA provides science experiment classes for primary schooland junior high school students. The experiments haveincluded quality tests of mineral water and observation ofnatural radiation using a cloud chamber. At one of thebiggest specialized exhibition events of analytical
instruments and science equipment in Asia, the Japan
Analytical & Scientific Instruments Show: JASIS 2017, JAEA
demonstrated a highly sensitive gas analysis device.

Dialogue and Facilities Open to the Public
JAEA promotes direct dialogue with local community
members mainly at its R&D site locations to explain various
matters. This also includes JAEA‘s R&D plans and outcomesto seek the community‘s comments and opinions.
Additionally, JAEA conducts “open facility” days and facility
tours to provide the public with the opportunity to directly
observe and learn about its operations.

Briefing Results of Activities

Support for School Education

The annual symposium for reporting events for the JAEA, asa whole, was held. In addition, briefing sessions were held
covering the following areas: “Briefing Session on the activity
outcomes of the Sector of Fukushima Research andDevelopment,” “Marine Science and Environmental Science
Symposium in Mutsu,” “EReTTSa Symposium,” and “OECD/NEA Crystalline Club Meeting.”

Each JAEA R&D site has a public relations team (e.g. “Sweet
Potato” at Tokai-mura, “Apple” in the Tsuruga area and“Sugars” in the Oarai area) assigned to introduce nuclear
energy to the public. They provide classes, upon request, forprimary school, junior and senior high school students.
Lessons are also delivered by JAEA‘s researchers at
Designated Super Science High Schools.

A JAEA annual symposium

An anniversary of 20,000 participants tothe lectures by “Sweet Potato”

Special Open Seminars
JAEA provides lecturers to speak on radiation and nuclear
disaster prevention at “special open seminars.” In support of
information dissemination on these topics, university-level special
open seminars are held to address the needs of technical college
or university students and administrative agencies.

TOPICS
Risk Communication Activities
The aim of risk communication is to cultivate a relationship of trust and credibility among
stakeholders by encouraging the exchange of opinions while imparting the good and bad aspects ofthe subject matter. As shown in the chart below, risk communication is divided into three phases:
information, dialogue and collaboration. The “informal gathering with the local community” held inTokai-mura and the “social meeting on uranium and environmental studies” at the Ningyo-toge
Environment Technology Center are risk communication-related activities aiming at futurecollaboration with stakeholders.

Social meeting on uranium andenvironmental studies

Youngsters‘ Science Festival

Science Café
JAEA provides “Science Cafe” on a regular basis as avenue for mutual communication where researchers andengineers can directly talk with the public about science ina friendly atmosphere.

Informal gathering with thelocal community

Phase 1

Participation in an event in JASIS 2018

Science Cafe

28

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Phase 2Phase 3

Information

Dialogue

Collaboration

Explain good and bad aspectsof the subject matter in aneasy-to-understand manner

Have a two-way dialogue of
opinions both on risks andbenefits (merits) and deepen
mutual understanding

Stakeholder involvement
and engagement

Website, exhibition halls,
facility tours, symposia, etc.

Small-scale meetings to
exchange opinions, lesson
programs conducted atschools, etc.

Meetings with community
council, monitoring system, etc.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201929

ActionEfforts to Promote Research and Development
Implementation of JAEA’s Strategy for International Cooperation
For JAEA to execute its mission, various forms of interaction with the international nuclear community,
including relevant nuclear organizations in other countries and international organizations, is essential.
JAEA’s activities for international cooperation include among other things: implementation of international joint research contributing to maximization of R&D results; expanding human networks throughinternational contribution via such means as support for human resource development efforts in othercountries; and increasing the visibility of JAEA in the global nuclear community through disseminationof and international outreach regarding JAEA R&D results.
2018 special notes are underlined.

• High Temperature
Gas-cooled Reactor• Material Testing Reactor• Implementing Arrangement for
Minor Actinoid Transmutation signed• Nuclear Safety• R&D for Disposal of High-level
Radioactive Waste• Nuclear Non-proliferation and
Nuclear Security• Decommissioning andRadioactive Waste
Management• Expanding the number offacilities subject tocooperation• Nuclear Non-proliferation and
Nuclear Security• High Temperature Gas-cooled
Reactor• Nuclear Spallation• R&D for Disposal of
High-level
Radioactive Waste• Nuclear R&D• Nuclear Non-proliferation and
Nuclear Security• Radioactive Waste Management• Fast Reactor Safety• High Temperature Gas-cooled
Reactor• Nuclear Non-proliferation and
Nuclear Security• Advanced Reactor• Nuclear Safety• Safeguards andNuclear Security• Decommissioning
and Radioactive
Waste Management(Personnel training support for Nuclear Safety and Security)• Research Reactor
Utilization• Neutron Science• Participation in R&D project on Generation IV
reactor systems• Advanced Reactor• Nuclear Safety• Nuclear Science• Decommissioning• Radioactive Waste
Management• JAEA participation in humanresource development program• Contribution tointernational network formonitoring nuclear testing• Participation in cooperative
research project

Dr. Kamide, Deputy Director
General of the Sector of Fast
Reactor and Advanced Reactor
Research and Development of JAEA
assumed the role of Chair of the GIF
Policy Group on January 1, 2019.

Events Organized by Our Overseas Offices (We have expanded the scope and enhanced the content of events from previous years)
Events Attended by Key Persons fromthe Nuclear Community of the US and Europe.

Other Activities• JAEA co-organized the International
Mentoring Workshop in Science andEngineering, “Joshikai-II,” with OECD/
NEA to expand human resource bases forfemale students studying science in Tokyo,
in August 2018.

30

The Second Symposium on US-Japan
Nuclear Energy Research Cooperation
held in Washington, DC, in June 2018.

CEA-JAEA Workshop on Decommissioning of Research Facilities held inParis, in February 2019.

The symposium included features on
the enhancement of Light Water
Reactor safety in addition toadvanced reactor development.

We invited organizations from the UK,
Italy and EU in addition to the Frenchorganizations and the Organization
for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment/Nuclear Energy Agency(OECD/NEA).

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

In fiscal 2018, JAEA newly constructed a facility for volume reduction and treatment of solid wastes (OWTF),
renovated not only nuclear but also general facilities for aseismic retrofit work, performed aseismic designfor the renovation of JRR-3 and conducted a borehole drilling survey for near the Joyo reactor building.
In order to reopen the operation of test and research reactors including HTTR, JAEA has also beenformulating the design basis for ground motion caused by earthquakes and the design basis for tsunamis
and performing aseismic retrofit design as one of the steps for submission of the confirmation application
to satisfy new safety standards.

OWTF (Oarai Waste
Reduction Treatment Facility)

Acceleration of R&D by Using Advanced Computing Technologies
In the nuclear science and engineering research fields, it is necessary to explain and forecast phenomenathat are difficult to observe directly or access in experiments.
JAEA is conducting R&D of simulation and high-speed computing technologies that make full use of
supercomputers. JAEA is also proactively introducing modern computing technologies such as AI and big
data analysis to elucidate complex real phenomena using these technologies.

Supercomputer

Development of Human Resources in the Field of Nuclear Energy• R&D for Next-generation Reactor(Cooperation on Fast Reactor with metal fuel started)• R&D for Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Radioactive Waste
Management• Nuclear Non-proliferation and Nuclear Security• Nuclear Science

Nuclear Power Emerging Countries in Asiaand the Middle East

• Fast Reactor• Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection• Nuclear Science• Decommissioning• R&D related to Fukushima Daiichi Accident

Implementation of Facility Construction and Technical Assistance
Pertaining to Earthquake Resistance Evaluation• In terms of global orientation, JAEA has
been striving to improve the living/working
environment for foreign researchers
stationed at JAEA.

* Please visit
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/international_strategy/
for more detailed information on JAEA Strategy for International Cooperation.

JAEA contributes to the development of human resources in the field of nuclear energy through providing Domestic Training
Courses and International Training Courses, as well as cooperating with universities and the Japan Nuclear Human Resource
Development Network.

Domestic Training Courses

Cooperation with Universities

Domestic Training Courses aim at cultivating RI/radiationengineers and nuclear engineers, as well as helping
examinees who want to obtain national
qualifications. In fiscal 2018, JAEA held
20 regular training courses and opened
three on-demand training courses
based on our clients’ various needs.
Many of the graduates are playing
Radioisotope separation
important roles as leaders and experts
experimentin the field of nuclear energy.
(Radiation Protection Basic

JAEA engages in cooperation with many universities based on
the agreement, which includes the acceptance of students
from the Nuclear Professional School of the University ofTokyo (fiscal 2018: 15 students). In addition, JAEA also accepts
Research Fellowship (38 students), Guest Student Researcher(171 students) and Summer Intern (211 students) students
from various universities.
Furthermore, as part of activities of the Japan Nuclear
Education Network, JAEA provides courses on nuclear
engineering to seven universities
through a distance learning system(number of attendees in fiscal 2018:
142 students). More than 40% of the
JAEA’s 2019 newly hired researchers
A dialogue with young
and engineers had experienced our
researchers and engineersconcerning job-hunting
student acceptance programs.

Course)International Training Courses
In International Training Courses, JAEA accepts trainees fromvarious countries mainly from Southeast Asia, and holds
various types of training courses to develop instructors withexpertise in radiation and nuclear energy. JAEA also holds
seminars for cultivating human resources to disseminate basic
knowledge on radiation (in fiscal 2018,
82 individuals from 11 countries
attended the courses). Moreover,Japanese experts are dispatched to
Asian countries to support their training
courses by giving lectures and technical
JRR-1 Simulator practiceadvice (in fiscal 2018, 59 experts(Environmental Radiation
dispatched to 9 countries).
Monitoring Course)

consultation

Japan Nuclear Human Resource Development Network
The Japan Nuclear Human Resource Development Network
aims to build a nationwide unified nuclear human resource
development network based on mutual cooperation with 79
industry-academia-government institutions, and JAEA is acting
as the secretariat jointly with another organization. The network
held the Nuclear Energy Management School in collaboration
with the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) (held in Tokyo andFukushima Prefecture in fiscal 2018) andalso held language courses aimed atpromoting the cultivation of young
professionals in Japan who should play
Closing ceremony of theactive roles in the international
2018 Nuclear Energy
Management Schoolcommunity in the future.
* For details on human resources development, please see the JAEA website.
https://nutec.jaea.go.jp/english/
Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201931

JAEA’s R&D
ActionSector of Fukushima Research and Development
Establishment of Technologies toward the Recovery of Fukushima
The Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), is working
on research and development toward decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station(hereafter referred to as “1F”) and environmental restoration. Those results are supporting the formulation of decommissioning strategies and their subsequent planning/promotion by the government.
Further, the results are contributing to the formulation of the plan toward the lifting of relief from theevacuation order by the government and that of the reconstruction plan by the local governments.

Technology Development to Visualize Contaminated Spots in Working Area
–Radiation Imaging by Using Remote-controlled Robots–
In the formulation of the 1F decommissioning plan, it is required toobtain correct information on the distribution of radioactive materials,
namely “hot spots” in reactor buildings, in order to reduce radiation
exposure for the workers. However, it has been difficult to measure the
distribution of radioactive materials directly, because the rubble andvarious equipments scattered in the area with high-dose rates inside
the building become obstacles.
To challenge this problem, JAEA has succeeded in detecting hot
spots inside buildings by mounting a small and light “Compton
camera” on a remote-controlled robot. Further, a three-dimensionalmodel inside the building was constructed in virtual space by
combining photographs of the working area, as well as images of the
hot spots obtained. Consequently, it is now possible to check thecontamination status three-dimensionally, despite being visuallydifficult to do with the naked eye. These results expanded thepossibility that we can formulate a detailed working plan that canminimize radiation exposure to workers, and could enable us to realize
pre-trainings for workers.

Radiation shield

Compton camera

32

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Collaborative Laboratories for
Advanced Decommissioning Science
Succeed in Developing “Alpha-emitting Particle
Imaging Detector”
In decommissioning research, detecting alpha-emitting particles(AEPs) is critical due to the significant effects of internal radiation
exposure. JAEA attempted to measure smeared samples
collected inside the 1F reactor building by using an“alpha-emitting particle imaging detector” developed in house.
From the obtained energy distribution, we succeeded in
detecting AEPs, which are thought to originate from nuclear
fuel. By this method, it is possible to determine whether the
AEPs originate from nuclear fuel or nature. Additionally, since
the two-dimensional distribution and the radioactivity of the
AEPs can be measured by this method, it has become possible
to observe the distribution status of AEPs simply and quickly.
The developed detector is expected to be applied to theradiation management of working areas and the radiation
protection of workers.

HV and dataacquisition system

Naraha Center for Remote Control Technology Development
Contributing to the Development of Domestic Human
Resources on Remote Control Technology
In the Naraha Center for Remote Control Technology
Development, JAEA, various test facilities are equipped for thedevelopment and demonstration tests of remote-controlled
instruments. These facilities are utilized by students not only
from Fukushima but also from all over Japan. For example, Kobe
University conducted training on the highly difficult operation ofunderwater robots using a test pool, the simulated experienceof environment inside the 1F reactor by virtual reality (VR) and soon. Nihon University conducted the test to elucidate the flightcharacteristics of drones using motion capture, and Tokyo
Institute of Technology performed the crawler robot test of
traversing over rough terrain using mock-up stairs. In this way,
through the training and technological cooperation for various
tests by using the facilities, JAEA contributes to thedevelopment of human resources who will steward thistechnology in the future among students nationwide.

LAN cable
Laptop

Hot spot

Coaxial cables
Alpha-emitting particle
imaging detector

Hot spot visualization
was made possible byprojecting the imageof the hot spots on thethree-dimensionalmodel of the working
area inside the Unit 1
reactor building, 1F.

Simple but Detailed Assessment of Radiation Exposure atSpecified Reconstruction and Revitalization Bases
By applying the research and development results of environmental
restoration, JAEA advanced evaluation of radiation exposure at“Areas of the Specified Reconstruction and Revitalization Base
(Reconstruction Base).”First, we applied measurement technology currently using
unmanned helicopters. Also, we succeeded in evaluating moredetailed surface distribution of air dose rates on the ground by
applying a mathematical method. Further, we evaluated radiation
exposure via the Monte Carlo method using typical lifestyles ofresidents in the Reconstruction Base area based on hearings from local
governments. In addition, internal radiation exposure from inhalation
was estimated based on measurements of the radioactive-material
concentration in the atmosphere. As a result, we clarified that internalradiation exposures in the Reconstruction Base area were less than 1%of the external ones in the same area. These results were reported to
the Nuclear Regulation Authority, and utilized in the planning ofradiation protection measures.

TOPICS

Dark box

Alpha-emitting particle imaging detector

Training conducted by Kobe University

Okuma Analysis and Research Center
Enhanced Analytical Training Functions ofWorkshop in the Administration Building

Fukushima Environmental Safety Center“Fukushima Comprehensive Environmental
Information Site (FaCEIS)” Prepared

Toward the decommissioning of 1F, the Okuma Analysis andResearch Center, JAEA, is conducting research and development
to characterize fuel debris produced by the March 2011 accident.
For this purpose, the facilities for analysis and research are being
prepared at the Center, located near the 1F site. In order toenhance the function of the workshop (working place for tests
and training) in the Administration Building that began
operations in 2018, various analytical instruments are being
installed. The facilities are utilized for training of analysis
engineers and preparation of manuals.

A new information website named “Fukushima Comprehensive
Environmental Information Site (FaCEIS)” has been established,which summarizes the information on radioactive cesium in theenvironment from diversified perspectives. On this site, visitors
can view various kinds of information such as actual observation
data, distribution and migration of radioactive cesium based onfield work, and the results of numerical analyses based on
observed data. A wide range of effects are expected throughavailability of this information, including answering people’squestions and providing a knowledge base to local and national
governments for formulating measures related to Fukushimareconstruction, such as reduction of radiation exposure and liftof relief from the evacuation order.

The detailed air dose distribution on the ground wasevaluated based on mathematical analysis of results
measured by unmanned helicopter.
LegendAir dose rate at 1 m height on the ground (µSv/h)
6.5< 6.0–6.5 5.5–6.0 5.0–5.5 4.5–5.0 4.0–4.5
3.5–4.0 3.0–3.5 2.5–3.0 2.0–2.5 1.5–2.0 1.0–1.5
0.5–1.0 <0.5

Germanium (Ge) semiconductor detector for low-energy
gamma rays equipped in the workshop.

https://fukushima.jaea.go.jp/ceis/(This site is only available in Japanese.)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201933

JAEA’s R&D
ActionSector of Nuclear Safety Research andEmergency Preparedness
Contribution to the Continuous Improvement of Nuclear Safety
The Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness contributes to theimprovement of nuclear safety and emergency preparedness regulations and response throughscientific studies and investigations.

TOPICS
Experiments with “NSRR,” Which Resumed Operation

Aircraft Monitoring in Disaster Drills

NSRR is a research reactor that can safely obtain extremely highpower instantaneously. JAEA used it to simulate the situation ofreactivity accidents in light water reactors, and obtained failure
limit data for high burnup improved fuel. The knowledge gained
will be used not only in NRA, but also overseas, for fuel safety
research and for ensuring the safety of nuclear power plants.

Jointly with NRA and the Ministry of Defense, NEAT
implemented emergency monitoring using aircraft in the“National Nuclear Energy Disaster Prevention Drill” and the“Hokkaido Prefecture Nuclear Emergency Drill” to verify theeffectiveness of the emergency aircraft monitoring system.

Safety Research for Contribution to Nuclear Safety Regulations
Research Focused on Responding to Beyond Design-Basis Accidents
Based on the lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Station accident, the Nuclear Safety ResearchCenter (NSRC) is carrying out research to enhance the defensein-depth safety concept through continuous improvement
toward the highest standards of safety. We conduct near-term
Severe Accident
research according mainly to the safety research needs of the
Evaluation
Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) to establish scientific and
Severe Accident
Environmental/
rational regulation under a risk-informed regulatory system.
Prevention
Radiation
Assessment
We also perform advanced studies of long-term technicalaspects. Our activities are based on the principles oftransparency and technological neutrality. We have acooperative relationship with research institutes and universities in other countries and with international organizations.

Technical Assistance for Nuclear Emergency Preparedness and Response
Activities in Nuclear Emergency
JAEA provides technical support for the nuclear disaster response activities of the national and local governments as thedesignated public institutions based on laws. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) serves as the basefor JAEA’s technical support.

Activities in Normal Times
NEAT supports the nuclear disaster drills of the national and local governments and personnel training related to nuclear disasterprevention. We also conduct research to support strengthening of the nuclear disaster prevention system and provide technicalassistance for nuclear disaster countermeasures in Asian countries and elsewhere.

Main Achievements in Fiscal 2018

Nuclear Safety Research Reactor “NSRR”

Aircraft monitoring in Hokkaido Prefecture
Nuclear Emergency Drill“ARC-F” Project Started
ARC-F is an OECD/NEA joint project proposed by JAEA initiated with the aimof investigating the detailed circumstances of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Station accident and contributing to the safety improvement of lightwater reactors. Twenty-two organizations from 12 countries are participating,and the following tasks will be performed during the three-year duration until
December 2021.
Meeting of ARC-F project

1. Safety Research for Contribution to Nuclear Safety Regulations• We acquired data such as fuel failure limits using the Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR), which is the first JAEA research reactor to be restarted under
new regulatory requirements. In addition, we conducted various safety research necessary to deal with severe accidents at nuclear facilities.
• In order to solve the NRA’s technical tasks and related issues, we conducted 24 delegated safety research projects and contributed to the technical evaluationof academic standards at the NRA through the provision of research results.
• A cooperation agreement on human resource development through nuclear safety research was concluded with NRA as a forerunner to future personnel
exchanges.

Task 1: Refinement of analysis for accident scenarios and associated fission product transportationand dispersion• OECD/NEA joint project “Analysis of Information from Reactor Buildings and Containment Vessels of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (ARC-F)
Project” was started. JAEA serves as the operating organization.

Task 2: Compilation and management of data and information• We have developed techniques for efficiently and accurately analyzing fine uranium particles in environmental samples taken at nuclear facilities, and passed
the analytical capability certification test as one of the IAEA Network of Analytical Laboratories.

Task 3: Discussion for future long-term projects

2. Technical Assistance for Nuclear Emergency Preparedness and Response• In addition to training for 1,512 national and local government officials, we have newly developed, implemented and tested a training program fortraining core personnel who are responsible for decision-making in an emergency.

• In the nuclear disaster prevention drills conducted by national and local governments, we supported everything from planning to actual work andevaluation, which contributed to the improvement of response capabilities in nuclear disasters.

34

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201935

JAEA’s R&D

Sector of Nuclear Science Research

TOPICS

Basic and fundamental research to support and advance atomic energy
The Sector of Nuclear Science Research (SNSR) has the following mission: “Advancing the latest
science and technology that supports the use of radiation and atomic energy and continuing
the fundamental support of atomic energy development.” The activities of the SNSR are spread over abroad range of R&D such as basic and fundamental nuclear research, advanced nuclear science
research, materials science research using neutrons and synchrotron radiation, R&D to improve nuclear
safety, and R&D on accelerator-based techniques to reduce the volume and toxicity of radioactive
waste. These activities also include human resource development related to these R&D programs.

Nuclear Science Research Institute
The Nuclear Science Research Institute has various research facilities for nuclear
science and technology and functions as an R&D base. Seismic construction work has
been carried out for the restart of operation of the research reactor JRR-3 after
completion of the conformity review for the New Regulatory Requirements of
the Nuclear Regulation Authority, which were developed considering lessons learned
from the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The Nuclear Safety
Research Reactor restarted operations and made a significant contribution to nuclear
fuel safety through irradiation experiments in fiscal 2018.

Research Reactor JRR-3

Precise Prediction of Scintillation Light Intensity byMicroscopic Radiation Transport Calculation and
Föster Quenching Model
A calculation model based on a track-structure simulation code
has been developed to precisely predict the light yield of agenerally used plastic scintillator irradiated by electrons, protons
and heavy ions. We considered the quenching effect resulting
from the energy transfer between molecules (Föster effect), after
calculating the excitation of scintillator molecules by the incident
particles. The simulated light yields reasonably agreed with themeasured data for various particles, with an energy range from a
few hundred keV to a few GeV. The model proposed here willlead to a new detector design, experiment planning, andscintillator material development.
Light yield per deposited energy

ActionDirect Observation of Gyromagnetic Reversal
An apparatus with a non-magnetic air-driven rotor systeminserted into a cryostat has been developed to measure
the magnetization induced by mechanical rotation through thecoupling between rotation and total angular momentum ofelectrons. This apparatus demonstrated that the magnetization
and angular momentum of a ferrimagnetic insulator Ho3Fe5O12,
composed of multiple magnetic ions with opposing moments,
become parallel within the temperature range from 135 to 240 K,
where the net magnetic moment and angular momentum cancelout (the magnetic and angular momentum compensation
temperatures (TM and TA)), respectively. The technique proposed
here offers a possibility to develop next-generation magnetic
devices, as recent research results on the domain wall mobility
enhanced at TA have drawn considerable attention.

100
Our
model

Measurement
Empirical
formula

H-1

10

He-4
Li-6

Magnetic shield
Impeller

C-12
S-32

1

Br-81

0.1
101

10

2

10

3

10

4

10

5

Relations between energy deposition by heavy ions and lightyield by our numerical model

The Nuclear Science and Engineering Center conducts basic and fundamental R&D on nuclear data and reactor engineering, fuels
and materials engineering, nuclear chemistry, and environment and radiation science. The R&D meets a variety of social demands,
contributes to the creation of innovative nuclear technology and provides a foundation for atomic energy use.

Advanced Science Research Center
The Advanced Science Research Center promotes leading-edge nuclear science research on advanced actinide science andadvanced nuclear materials science, which provides a very strong academic and technological impact and contributes tothe evolution of nuclear science.

Materials Science Research Center
The Materials Science Research Center promotes materials science research that contributes to nuclear science and the utilizationof nuclear energy with high scientific and social significance. The R&D has been performed through the full use of neutron andsynchrotron radiation instruments installed at JRR-3, J-PARC MLF, and SPring-8 as advanced analysis tools for the structure andfunction of materials. Especially, we have begun developing analytical systems for the fuel debris and related materials derived
from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station.

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2018/p18083001/ (in Japanese)

Bearing air (cooled N2 gas)

Mechanism of Colossal Barocaloric Effect inPlastic Crystals

Three-dimensional Neutron Polarization Analysis
under High Pressure for Complex Magnetic Materials

Inelastic neutron scattering measurements carried out by using
the direct geometry chopper spectrometer AMATERAS,
together with molecular dynamics simulations, revealed that thecolossal barocaloric effect of a plastic crystal, neopentylglycol(NPG), results from the disorder-to-order phase transition
induced by pressure. The analyzed result indicated that theorientational disorder of organic molecules consisting of NPG isenhanced under ambient pressure, corresponding to thequasi-elastic scattering spreading over the energy transfer range
less than 4 meV, whereas it is suppressed at a high pressure of
286 MPa, above the phase transition threshold. Plastic crystals
are promising for practical refrigeration applications given thatthey are abundantly available, environmentally friendly, easily
driven and have high performance. The obtained result opens a
new direction for solid-state refrigeration technologies.

We have developed a high-pressure cell for three-dimensional
neutron polarization analysis. The newly developed
high-pressure cell was made completely of non-magnetic
materials and hence has no effect on neutron polarization.
The polarized neutron scattering measurement on the delafossite
CuFeO2 determined the detailed magnetic structures in thepressure-induced ferroelectric phases. The present techniquecovers a wide range of pressure-induced phenomena associatedwith complex magnetic orderings such as magnetoelectric
multiferroics, simultaneously exhibiting (anti)ferromagnetic andferroelectric orderings and attracting much attention over the
past decade.

Energy (meV)
Momentum transfer (Å-1)
Energy (meV)

286 MPa

Each molecule
rotates randomly ateach position

Rotation of molecules in plastic
crystal is detected by neutron
quasi-elastic scattering
measurements
Each molecule is inordered arrangement

Momentum transfer (Å-1)

Japan Proton Accelerator
Research Complex, J-PARC

36

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Schematic of apparatus to measure magnetization induced bymechanical rotation

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2018/p18083102/ (in Japanese)

0.1 MPa

J-PARC Center conducts a variety of research on fields ranging from fundamental science toindustrial applications using various secondary particles produced by high-intensity proton beams
with domestic and overseas users. The center also carries out R&D to improve the efficiency of
the facility, leading to successful operation of the neutron user program, with a beam power
equivalent to 1 MW (the rated power of the facility) for one hour in fiscal 2018.

Fluxgate
magnetic
sensorSamplecapsuleBeCu high-pressure cell
(nonmagnetic)

SampleJ-PARC Center

Driving air(cooled N2 gas)

Driving air(cooled N2 gas)

Energy deposited by (MeV/(g/cm2)) particles

Nuclear Science and Engineering Center

Rotation system

Versimax (diamondcomposite)anvil (nonmagnetic)

Neutron

MP35N alloy support(nonmagnetic)

Newly developed non-magnetic hybrid-anvil-type high-pressure cell

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2018/p18102202/ (in Japanese)

Result of inelastic neutron scattering measurement for NPG
indicating pressure-induced disorder-to-order phase transition

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2018/p19032902/ (in Japanese)
Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201937

JAEA’s R&D
ActionSector of Fast Reactor andAdvanced Reactor Research and Development
Seeking nuclear innovation with enhanced safety,
economic competitiveness and flexibility

Research and Development of
Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor

In the “Sector of Fast Reactor and Advanced Reactor Research and Development (SeFARD),” we are
implementing R&D on advanced reactor technologies such as fast reactors, high-temperature
gas-cooled reactors, and related fuel cycle technologies, in order to attain further enhancement of
future energy sustainability, safety, economic competitiveness and a flexible load-following ability.
R&D is also being conducted in the fields of decommissioning and radioactive waste management.

Oarai Research and Development Institute

Oarai Research and Development
Institute

Within the framework of the research cooperation program with
the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission(CEA) to promote development of sodium-cooled fast reactors,
JAEA has conducted an experiment using its sodium facility(PLANDTL-2). The experiment demonstrated the effectiveness ofa decay heat removal system that utilizes a heat exchanger
installed in the upper plenum of a reactor vessel. JAEA willvalidate numerical simulation models using the obtained dataand strive for further improvement of prediction accuracy so that
demonstrations with a large-scale experiment can be replacedby highly reliable numerical simulations in the future.
This approach
Major Components in PLANDTL-2
would significantly
Dipped-type
reduce development
Direct Heat Exchanger(Dipped-type DHX)
costs related to theconstruction andoperation of large
full-scale experimental facilities.
Upper Plenum

Using different types reactors – the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) andthe Experimental Fast Reactor JOYO – and related research facilities, based on national
policy such as the Strategic Energy Plan, R&D programs are conducted on development offast reactor technology, and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology and related
heat application technology. Also, decommissioning and technological development of theJapan Material Testing Reactor (JMTR), and R&D into technical support for decommissioningof the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station and others, are conducted.

TOPICS

Upper Internal
Structure (UIS)

Fast Reactor Cycle System Research and Development Center
Studies related to fast reactor system design, nuclear reactor behavior and development ofstandards for safety evaluation of the plants are conducted for the establishment of a nuclear
fuel cycle with fast reactors that contributes to long-term energy security and the resolutionof global environmental issues.

The High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) is an attractive nuclear reactor since it
has inherent safety and can reach high helium gas temperatures of around 950 degrees C.
We are carrying out R&D of multipurpose heat utilization effective for global warming
countermeasures on HTGR technology, such as the technology for hydrogen production
through high-temperature water-splitting, with high-temperature heat and the helium gas
turbine technology for power generation.

JAEA is working energetically to develop a thermochemical
water-splitting iodine-sulfur process (IS process) for promising
HTGR hydrogen production systems. The IS process splits raw
material H2O into H2 and O2 by combining three chemical
reactions using sulfur and iodine compounds. A test facility wasconstructed applying corrosion-resistant components developed
using industrial materials. Technical issues for instrumental
improvements (prevention of leakage, etc.) were solved forstable hydrogen production tests, so that the H2 production
facility in connecting the three chemical processing sections was
successfully operated for 150 hours at a rate of ca. 30 L/h(January 2019). The next challenge is development of an
automatic control system to maintain solution composition
circulating in the process.

Core

Test section and major components of sodium experimental
apparatus (PLANDTL-2)

Development for Decommissioning of Reactor Facilities

HTGR Research and Development Center

Continuous H2 Production for 150 Hours
by Thermochemical IS Process Using Test Facility
Made of Industrial Materials

Experimental Fast Reactor JOYOHigh Temperature Engineering Test
Reactor (HTTR)

Waste Management and Decommissioning Technology Development Center
Decommissioning of the JMTR (Japan Materials Testing Reactor) and development of related
technology were started in JMTR, which had been widely used most notably for irradiation
tests of light water reactor fuel and materials. We also develop treatment technologies forradioactive waste, which is gathered from experimental nuclear reactors or laboratories at
Oarai Research and Development Institute.

The application for approval of the decommissioning plan of
the JMTR was prepared based on evaluation such as distribution of contamination within the facility, amount ofradioactive solid waste
and radiation exposure
during normal times andaccidents, andassessment of facilities tomaintain during thedecommissioning period.
JMTR

Development of Technologies for Radioactive Waste
Treatment and Management

Oarai Waste Reduction Treatment Facility(OWTF)

Tsuruga Comprehensive Research and Development Center
The center is engaged in knowledge preservation related to “Monju,” technology
development on the inspection and maintenance of sodium-cooled fast reactors, andresearch and development on applied laser technology for nuclear facilities.

The OWTF, constituted forradioactive waste treatment,completed all construction workin 2018. Furthermore, the Japan
Nuclear Regulation Authority
approved the site’s compatibility withthe revised nuclear regulations.

Incineration and Melting
Equipment in OWTF

Continuous hydrogen production test facility made of industrial
materials. H2 production rate: 0.1 m3/h-H2 Size: W18.5×D5×H 8.1 (m)* https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2018/p19012502/(in Japanese)“Fukui Smart Decommissioning Technology
Demonstration Base” Established
In June 2018, the operation of “Fukui Smart Decommissioning
Technology Demonstration Base” (hereinafter abbreviated as“Sumadeco”) started with the aim of providing technical seeds
on decommissioning to local companies and improving theirtechnical capabilities by conducting technical demonstrations.

This facility was planned and established in collaboration
with JAEA, Fukui Prefecture, University of Fukui and the
Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center. It consists of three
distinctive fields, including MR (Mixed Reality) systems,
cooperative robot movement and adaptive laser-cutting
control systems and anunderwater technicaldemonstration test areawith a cylindrical water tank.
In fiscal 2018, externalorganizations used theSumadeco 14 times,
among which 8 times
were by organizations in
Fukui Prefecture.
Panoramic view of “Sumadeco”

Sodium Engineering Research Facility(SERF)

38

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201939

JAEA’s R&D

Sector of Nuclear Fuel, Decommissioning andWaste Management Technology Development

TOPICS

Toward the Establishment of Back-End Technology

Treatment of Various Radioactive Liquid Waste—Sector of Nuclear Fuel, Decommissioning and Waste Management Technology Development

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories has launched aresearch project for development of new technologies totreat radioactive liquid waste involving a range of chemicals.
Various collaborators from universities, a national instituteand private companies joined this project.
Ammonium ions are one of the target species to betreated in this project, and we achieved decomposition ofammonium ions through ozone oxidization with theexistence of cobalt andchloride ions as catalysts.
This process satisfies thesafety issue for hot laboratories, because it does not
require the high temperaturesand pressure typicallynecessary for practicallyavailable procedures.
This technology is expected to
be widely applied fortreatment of other hazardous
nitrogen compounds.

We are steadily promoting R&D on the processing technology of radioactive waste, the technology forgeological disposal of high-level radioactive waste and the technology for the decommissioning of
nuclear facilities, which lead to the improvement of safety and reduction of the environmental burden.

Research and Development Sites on Geological Disposal Technology
Fundamental R&D is being conducted to support a national disposal program for high-level
radioactive waste at three sites.
At Tono Geoscience Center, the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory projecttargeting crystalline rock and study of the long-term stability of the geological environmentare being implemented in the framework of research on the deep geological environment.
At Horonobe Underground Research Center, another Underground Research Laboratory
project on sedimentary rock is ongoing, in which R&D to develop engineering technology
using an underground gallery and other features is being conducted, as well as research on
the deep geological environment.
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratory (NCL) is involved in repository design andthe development of technology necessary for evaluating safety as part of its R&D activities
regarding geological disposal.

[Horonobe] In-situ demonstration of
PEM (Prefabricated Engineered barriersystem Module)

Research on Radium Behavior for the Closure of theOpen-pit Mine Site and the Mill Tailings Pond
The Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center of JAEA
has been conducting research to understand the behavior ofradium (Ra) in the surface environment of the center in orderto proceed with the closure of the mine facilities.
By applying advanced methods such as synchrotron
radiation analysis and quantum chemical calculation to thesamples of the open-pit mine site and the mill tailings
pond, we are attempting to estimate the behavior and theadsorption structure of Ra in these sites based on theatomic-level chemical reactions. These studies are
expected to contribute to construction of the technology
related to the closure of mine facilities.
Outer-sphere (OS) complex

H 2O
REE3+

2

Decomposition test of liquid waste
including ammonium salts (heating
and stirring equipment)

NCL is the R&D site where practical and advanced R&D work has proceeded to establish
the nuclear fuel cycle for effective use of atomic energy. NCL continues to contribute to the creationof innovation in atomic energy use and the resolution of energy resource issues by advancing R&D
for the plutonium-uranium mixed oxide (MOX) fuel, the development of a minor actinide (MA)separation technique with the purpose of reducing the volume of radioactive waste andthe degree of harmfulness, countermeasure for the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Station and so on. At Tokai Reprocessing Plant, the decommissioning of large-scale
nuclear fuel facilities, which is a major long-term project, has been progressing as a top runnerin Japan.

Development of Method to Assess Hydraulic
Connectivity of Subsurface Fractures throughSurface-based Investigations

Flow-down of molten glass

Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center
The Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center of JAEA has been working as a pioneerin the first decommissioning of large nuclear fuel facilities in Japan. We conduct research anddevelopment on rational processing methods for centrifuges, with safety as the highest
priority. Regarding uranium mine closure, we are conducting research and analysis of surface andsubsurface flow characteristics, as well as the behavior of uranium and radium in groundwater.

Although it has been difficult to properly assess the hydraulicconnectivity of subsurface fractures through surface-based
investigations, Horonobe Underground Research Center has
developed a new, practical method allowing the assessmentby highlighting the nature of pressure responses dependingon the hydraulic connectivity of fractures. The developed
method will be useful for not only geological disposal but
also for resource exploration and/or geological carbon
storage, in which assessment of the storage performance ofgeological formations is needed.

2:1 layers ofclay minerals

Ra2+

Ion is fully hydrated in the interlayerof clay minerals
readily to be exchanged

Ion is combined with oxygen of SiO2
layer of clay minerals
difficult to be exchanged

IS complex

Na

Mg

3

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories

Inner-sphere(IS)complex

OS complex

1
ChargeAction

Ca

Lu Eu

0.08

0.10

K

Sr

Rb

Cs

Ba Ra

La

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

Ionic radius (CN = 8, nm)

Adsorption structure on 2:1 type clay minerals (two types of surface complexes)
and relationship between charge and ionic radius of various ions

The Development of In-situ U-Pb Dating Method for
Calcite Using LA-ICP-MS
At the Tono Geoscience Center Toki Geochronology
Research Laboratory, we developed an in-situ U-Pb dating
method for calcite (calcium carbonate) by using laser
ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS). This new method enables dating of extremely
fine areas (up to µm) for calcite by combining isotopography,
and is the first reported use of this technique in Japan. Thisdating method contributes to the development of scientificstudies to estimate the past geological environment.

Count ratio
0

Aomori Research and Development Center

Uranium Enrichment Demonstration Plant
DOP-2 centrifuge

Aomori Research and Development Center is based in Mutsu City,
Aomori Prefecture, and has achieved results such as elucidation of
migration behavior of radioactive materials in the marine environment
using an accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) that measures the verysmall quantity of radionuclides in the global environment with thehighest level of accuracy.

206Pb/ 208Pb：ablation pits (100µm)

1cm
Accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS)40

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

40(left) Image of borehole investigation(right) Natural fracture observed in drill core

A well-preserved calcareous Carboniferous fossil specimen(Pentremites sp.). We applied our method to the Pentremites sp.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201941

JAEA’s R&D
ActionSector of Tsuruga Decommissioning Demonstration
Ex-vessel fuel storage tank
Fuel handlingmachineToward a Safe and Steady Decommissioning

Rotating plug1

Ex-vessel fueltransfer machine2

Spent fuel pool

The decommissioning of the “Fugen” and “Monju” reactors is proceeding steadily in accordance withthe decommissioning plan, giving top priority to ensuring safety.
“Fugen” has shifted to the phase of dismantling of peripheral facilities of the reactor, while “Monju”
has started the unloading of fuel assemblies. Both are moving ahead steadily toward the completionof decommissioning.

Na
In-Vessel Transfer MachineNa
Spent fuelcleaning system

2007-20172018-2022

2023-2031

2032-2033

Decontamination of
the Heavy Water
System, the Helium
System, etc.

Dismantling ofPeripheral Facilities of
the Reactor

Dismantling of
the Reactor

Dismantling of
Buildings

Transfer of spent fuels

2026

Transfer of heavy waterand removal of tritium
Dismantling of the heavy water system,
the nuclear fuel handling facility, etc.
Dismantling of the reactor coolant system, I&C system, etc
Dismantling of
the reactor
Dismantling of buildings

Fuel unloading

Unloading of the fuel assemblies
from the reactor vessel and transfer
to the ex-vessel fuel storage tank
Fuel processing
and storage

2

Underwater spent
fuel storage system

Removal of the fuel assemblies
from the ex-vessel fuel storagetank, cleaning of adhered sodiumby the spent fuel cleaning systemand transfer of the assemblies tothe spent fuel pool for storage

Store thefuelassemblies
in watercondition

Store the fuelassemblies inliquid sodium
condition

Toward the Completion of Decommissioning of “Fugen”

1

Spent fuelcanning system
Underwatertransfer car

Reactor vessel

For “Fugen,” we are smoothly proceeding with dismantlingoperations and so on toward the completion of decommissioning in fiscal 2033.
For “Fugen,” operations in the phase of “decontamination of heavy water, helium and other systems” werecompleted in fiscal 2017, and shifted to the phase of“dismantling of peripheral facilities of the reactor” in fiscal
2018. Presently, dismantling and decontamination of
peripheral equipment of the reactor, turbines, generatorsand so on in relatively low-dose areas are being executed.
Moreover, in preparation for dismantling of the reactor
itself in the phase of “dismantling of the reactor” from fiscal
2023, preparation and examination are under way for safeand efficient dismantling procedures, such as sampling
inside the reactor vessel to grasp radioactivity of thestructural material of the reactor with high precision.

Fuel unloading operation

Spent fuel transfer machine

To Reduce Risks – Completion of Sodium Drainage in the Secondary Cooling System –In parallel with “fuel unloading,” in order to ensure safety
and reduce potential risks for the facilities, we are reviewing
facilities’ operations and maintenance for each phaseof decommissioning.
In fiscal 2018, to reduce risks of sodium leakage andcombustion, in December 2018, all sodium in the secondary
cooling system (about 750 tons) was transferred to a tank,then solidified to be stored in safer conditions.
Looking forward, by fiscal 2022 when “fuel unloading” iscompleted, we will consider the method and timing of
sodium drainage from the primary cooling system, and themethod of treatment and disposal for sodium drained fromboth systems.

Red Primary sodium coolant (looping)Primary
SodiumsystemReactor building

Secondary Sodium
systemSecondary sodium
coolant (before transfer)
Orange Secondary sodium coolant(after transferred to tank)
Yellow

Auxiliary building

Temporary storage tank
Existing tankToward the Completion of Decommissioning of “Monju”
We are decommissioning “Monju,” the first fast reactor in Japan,
according to the decommissioning plan, harnessing the wisdomof domestic and overseas professionals and giving top priority toensuring safety.
According to the decommissioning plan approved in March
2018, after the first phase to transfer fuel assemblies to a fuelpool, the second phase to prepare for dismantling of sodiumcooling and other equipment, the third phase to dismantle
sodium-cooling equipment and the fourth phase to dismantle
and remove buildings, the completion of decommissioning isscheduled for fiscal 2047. We started the first phase of “fuelunloading” in August 2018, which marks the first step ofdecommissioning for almost 30 years.
“Fuel unloading” consists of “unloading of fuel assemblies”
to transfer the fuel assemblies from the reactor vessel to theex-vessel fuel storage tank and “treatment of fuel assemblies” toclean the adhered sodium from the surface of the fuel assemblies
in the ex-vessel fuel storage tank and store them in the fuel pool.
In fiscal 2018, we executed operations giving top priority toensuring safety and checking each process, and completed“treatment of fuel assemblies” for 86 fuel assemblies by January
2019. Through the operations, by finding points for improvement
and achieving refinement and proficiency of operators, we
obtained a more certain perspective for the completion of “fuel42Japan Atomic Energy Agency

unloading” scheduled for fiscal 2022 according to thedecommissioning plan.
In fiscal 2019, as well as ensuring the improvements based on
knowledge obtained during fiscal 2018, we are planning to
execute “unloading of fuel assemblies” for 100 fuel assemblies
from October and “treatment of fuel assemblies” for 130 fuelassemblies after that.
In this manner, we willproceed steadily with
operations toward thecompletion of “fuelunloading” in fiscal 2022,
giving top priority toControl room for the Fuel Handling Facility
ensuring safety.
2018-2022
Fuel unloading2023-2047
Preparation for
dismantling

DismantlingⅠ

Dismantling Ⅱ

Fuel unloading
Preparations for thedismantling of
sodium-wetted
equipment

TOPICS
Efforts for Reduction of Radioactive Waste– First operation of clearance system in Fukui Prefecture started –Operation of clearance system

The system to enable reuse and disposal of radioactive waste generated by decommissioning of nuclear facilities with low radioactivity concentration, which have negligible effects
on human health, as general waste with approval and verification by the government iscalled a “clearance system.”
Under the system, for “Fugen,” we obtained approval by the Nuclear Regulation Authority
concerning the “measurement and evaluation method of radioactive concentration” inAugust 2018, and started the clearance measurement in December 2018. There are othernuclear power plants that had already introduced the clearance system, but “Fugen” wasthe first example in Fukui Prefecture.
At “Fugen,” among the roughly 1,100 tons of dismantled objects generated in theradiation-controlled area so far, measurement and evaluation of about 49 tons werecompleted in fiscal 2018. We will receive verification by the government in fiscal 2019, andcontinue thorough examinations regarding the reuse of the dismantled objects thereafter togain a social understanding of their impact.

Generation of dismantled objects
Sorting and decontamination (if necessary)
Storage (awaiting measurement)
Application of “The measurement and evaluation
method of radioactive concentration” to the NRAApproval (August 31, 2018)
Clearance measurement (December 2018-)
Storage (awaiting verification)
Verification by the NRA (sampling check)
Storage (awaiting transfer)
Transfer from the site

Dismantling andremoving sodiumwetted equipment
Dismantling and removing powergenerating facilities
Dismantling and removalof buildings

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201943

Business Operations Respecting Individual Employees

Human Resource Management
In August 2017, JAEA formulated our Human Resources Policy with a view to maximizing R&D
outcomes and carrying out efficient operations. The policy specifies the main points as shown below
and describes the ideal image of employees JAEA should pursue as well as the career path policies
leading them closer to this ideal image. By increasing the motivation of employees and improving
their qualifications and capabilities, we are promoting human resource development in a systematicand organized manner.

Principal Human Resource Management Measures
Based on the main points of the Human Resources Policy, we have been implementing human resource management measures
based on flexible utilization and well-planned development of human resources as an important management resource. Using
these measures, we intend to improve the individual qualities of each employee and strengthen our organizational foundation.

Main Points of the Human Resources Policy

Reinforcement measures

1. Development of professionals in a well-planned manner andpromotion of generational transfer of knowledge and skills
2. Acquisition and development of human resources withtechnological capabilities and expertise

Proactive utilization of exceptional personnel promotion

3. Maintenance and improvement of work-life balance
4. Promotion of diversity
5. Optimization of personnel and age compositions

Utilization of retirees

Cultivation of employees with sufficientIntroduction of a “personnel exchange” capabilities and mindset to play a major
program within the organizationrole in the international community

Expansion of atenure-track system

Creation of the position of senior
engineer

Promotion of recruitment of
external human resources

Exchanges with universities, etc.,
through a cross-appointment system

Existing measures* For details on the Human Resources Policy, please see JAEAʼs website.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/hr_policy/ (in Japanese)

Existing measures

Instructors and consulting staff

Nuclear energy-related training
Basic training for research positions

Encouragement of the acquisitionof relevant qualifications

Ideal Image of JAEA Employees to Be Pursued
By sharing the ideal image of JAEA employees among theemployees, we encourage them to voluntarily commit
themselves to their tasks, which include setting their own
goals. In this way, we, as an organization, take responsibility
for promoting their growth and strive to maximize themotivation and capabilities of every employee.

Reinforcement measures• Persons who understand JAEA’s management philosophy and can
implement it in a steadfast and voluntary manner• Persons who play an active role in the international community while
demonstrating originality and an innovative mindset in their respective
areas of specialty• Persons who understand their respective roles within their organizational
structure and demonstrate a high level of expertise while collaboratingwith others

Reinforcement measures

Leader training
Management training

Various award programs

Human resource
development and transfer
of knowledge and skills

Development oftechnological capabilities
and expertise

Maintenance and improvementof work-life-balance

Promotion of diversity

Personnel systems forresearchers and engineers

Reinforcement measures

Implementation ofwork-style reform
Spouse accompanimentleave system

Development of female
employees to assume
managerial positions

Utilization ofa return-work system

Creation of a limited job type/work location personnel system

Existing measures

Career Path Policies

Hotline on matters related to childbirth,child care and nursing care

JAEA clearly states its career path policies, and by doing so, helps employees cultivate an awareness of career development.
By conducting follow-up activities through interviews with superiors regarding career development, we also endeavor to improvethe capabilities of each employee and translate the outcomes into improvement of performance of the entire organization.
Improvement of the Performance of the
Entire Organization by the Enhancementof the Capabilities of Each Employee!
Engage in planning,
administration andother operations utilizing
management skills

Various activities related togender equality

Specialized field track

20 years and more

Play an active role as an engineer, engaging in the latest
technology development or operating cutting-edge facilities
Example efforts: On-the-job training (OJT) by senior colleagues atnuclear facilities; encouragement of the acquisition of governmentsanctioned qualifications and nurturing legally required chiefengineers; dispatch to overseas research and other organizations andoverseas nuclear study programs; and assignment to integrated
departments in JAEA and temporary assignment to central
government ministries and agencies

Administrative
positions

Example efforts: Gaining experience in different administrative
operations through a job rotation system; transfer to internationalorganizations or overseas offices and temporary assignment to central
government ministries and agencies; and increasing expertise throughparticipation in external seminars

Efforts geared to demonstrate capabilities as a group of
specialists trusted by society

Various training Example efforts: Training for new employees; training for mid-career
employees; training for employees promoted to managerial
programs

positions; basic and applied courses in nuclear energy; and practicalbusiness language training

General employees

Example efforts: Supporting acquisition of a doctoral degree; basic
training for research positions; seminars on drafting methodology of
research papers; support for presentations in academic conferences;dispatch to overseas research and other organizations and overseas
nuclear study programs; and utilization of a cross-appointment system

Off-JT
Senior managementlevel training

Practical management
training
Evaluator training

Training for persons
newly promoted toassistant manager level

Basic management
training

Leader training

Application
courseTraining forreinforcing team skills
Nuclear Professional School,
The University of Tokyo

Training for
mid-career employees

System of
instructors

Overseas nuclear
study program

Follow-up training
Training for new
employees

Understanding one‘s
position and roleBasic
courseAcquisition ofmanagement skills

Rank-based training

Nuclear energyrelated training(technical training)

Dispatch to international organizations and overseas
research institutes and participation in academic
conferences and external seminars

Contribute to the smooth business execution of JAEA andserve as a bridge between specialists and society

OJT

Improving R&D andrelated capabilities
Specialized education

Practical businesslanguage training
Training at the Ministryof Financenuclear energy
education course

Improving administrativeand related capabilities

Compliance training and risk management training, etc.

14-15 years

Conduct original and innovative R&D andcarve out the future of nuclear energy

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Flextime system anddiscretionary labor system

Human resource development =Effective OJT in the workplace × Appropriate Off-JT based on job categories and ranks × Willingness for self-development* Example of a new university graduate

Engineering
positions

Proactive recruitment of foreign
national and female researchers, etc.

Ethical training for engineers and training on environmental activities, etc

Management track

Stage for playing anactive role in senior
management positions

Guidance on carrying out duties by rank,
job category and R&D area

Stage for taking up
demanding tasks

6-7 years

Research
positions

Mentor system

Fostering understanding via
various opportunities, including
rank-based training

Our efforts to promote human resource development in a well-planned and systematic manner comprise OJT, which provides
guidance in each workplace on carrying out duties, and off-the-job training (Off-JT) that complements OJT.

Management-level
employees

Stage for developing the capabilitiesof each employee

44

Contribute to theorganization as a
specialist who has
acquired the highest
skills in his/her
respective area

Stage for demonstrating
career-specific capabilities

Gain basic knowledge andwork to improve expertise

Summer holidays andmorning-oriented work styleChild-care leave andnursing-care leave system

Framework of Employee Development

Gain experience in a diverse
range of operations andbecome an active main player
in the workplace

Approximateyears of service

Existing measures

Training on
compliance(with laws andordinancesand ethics)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201945

Business Operations Respecting Individual Employees

Promotion of Work-Life Balance
We strive to create an employee-friendly workplace full of vitality, while respecting the personality and individuality ofeach employee.
JAEA undertakes an array of activities to promote work-life balance by creating a pleasant work environment that helps
employees keep a balance between their lives at work and at home and enables all persons to fully exercise their capabilities
and devote themselves to their tasks.
We expanded the scope of our flextime system and launched an additional system in fiscal 2017 for employees engaging inchild care and nursing care, and again in fiscal 2019 for employees undergoing disease treatment. Furthermore, in fiscal 2019 wewill launch telecommuting as a trial.
To respond to the diverse needs of employees, we will proactively adopt new systems and promote activities to spread andinstill an awareness of work-life balance throughout JAEA.

“Genki! Ikukatsu Menu” for balancing work and child care
JAEA has in place a variety of short- and long-term leave systems collectively called “Genki! Ikukatsu Menu” both for female
and male employees to assist them in achieving a balance between their work and child care.
Maternity leave before
Maternity leave afterchildbirth (special leave) childbirth (special leave)
6 weeks

Short-term child-careleave (special leave)

8 weeks

Activities Undertaken during Fiscal 2018

JAEA also offers the following systems to help balance workand family care for employees who have family members inneed of nursing care.

We considered the introduction of new systems andimplemented new support, and took proactive steps forwardin these areas.

• Nursing-care leave: Available in units of days or hours(maximum of 4 hours per day), up to three times, for one
continued care-requiring condition of a family member inneed of nursing care, provided that such leave in total does
not exceed six months.

• Joshikai-II for Future Scientists: International Mentoring
Workshop in Science and Engineering
We held the international workshop for promoting theinterest of female junior high school students in STEM
(science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) andbroadening female junior and senior high school students
who might major in the STEM field in the future.

• Short-term nursing-care leave: A special leave system thatallows employees to take a leave of five days per year in casesof one person requiring nursing care or a leave of 10 days if
there are multiple persons in need of nursing care.
• Partial leave: A system that allows employees aside fromnursing-care leave and short-term nursing-care leave towork shorter hours by either starting a day later or ending it
earlier for a maximum of two hours per day and for three
years in total.
• Exemption from and limitation on working extra hours:
A system in which employees submit an application for
exemption from or limitation on overtime and holiday work,or for limitation on late-night work.

• Lunch meetings
We held lunch meetings to encourage more employees
to participate and discuss gender equality in afriendly atmosphere.

• System to work earlier/later: A system that allows employees
to shift the start time and end time of their work withoutchanging the required number of working hours per day

Child-care leave• Reserved holiday: A special leave system that allows
employees to take a leave of reserved holidays unused in
the previous year in cases in which employees have persons
requiring nursing care or other circumstances.

Partial leaveFor
mothers

Menu of Leave Systems for Balancing Work and Family Care

System to work earlier/later and flextime system
Exemption from overtime andholiday work

* For details on our activities to promote gender equality, please see JAEA’s website.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/gender_equality/ (in Japanese)

Limitation on overtime and holiday work

Limitation on late-night work
Special measures to avoid
crowded commuting hours

Activities to Promote Gender Equality and Diversity

Nursing-care leave for sick/injured children (special leave)

JAEA engages in a variety of activities to promote genderequality from the viewpoint of acquiring and utilizing diverse
human resources; in other words, to ensure diversity. We willcontinue to actively promote these activities, always seeking
new support systems and better solutions.

Reduction of workload, etc.
Additional breaks during working hours, health guidance and health checkups
Reserved holiday
DuringpregnancyChildbirthAged 1

Aged 3

Aged 6

Aged 8Aged 12Paternity leave(special leave of 3 days)(1) Recruiting more female employees: We encourage
proactive public relations in our recruitment process, using
female recruiters to appeal to female students.

Paternal child-care leave(special leave of 5 days)(2) Career development of female employees: By operating
mentor and other systems, we aim to utilize female
employees to serve as role models.

Short-term child-care leave (special leave)
Child-care leave(3) Creating a better work environment: We are raising theawareness of both the employees using our support
systems and their superiors and providing information in amore effective manner through public relations magazinesand other means.

Partial leave
System to work earlier/later and flextime systemForfathers

Exemption from overtime and holiday work

Limitation on overtime and holiday work

Limitation on late-night work
Nursing-care leave for sick/injured children (special leave)• Ratio of female employees– newly employed in fiscal 2018

10.8

%

• Ratio of female employees(as of April 1, 2019)

10.1

%

• Rate of child-care leave usage (Fiscal 2018 result)Female employees

46

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

92.31

%

Male employees

2.5%

JAEA is working to establish an appropriate structure forthe prevention of sexual and power harassment, and as partof this effort, has assigned consulting staff to handle harassment-related matters. In fiscal 2018, we again provided
training to the consulting staff for cultivating additional skills
and enhancing our consulting service system. Moreover,
we have designated the first week of every December as“Sexual and Power Harassment Prevention Week,” during
which we put up posters in each workplace and work to raise
the awareness of employees regarding this matter. We willcontinue our efforts to create a working environment friendly toevery employee and implement measures to prevent any
form of harassment in the workplace.

Measures to Improve and Streamline
Business Operations(4) Facilitating understanding of gender equality: We holdexchanges and other meetings to increase the level ofrecognition among employees for our activities and aim
to raise their awareness through such means as
rank-based training.

Reserved holiday

Prevention of Sexual, Power and Other
Workplace Harassment

JAEA has launched measures to improve and streamline its
business operations to improve work-life balance, which
include the “JAEA Diet Project” that promotes paperlessmeetings and “Kaizen activities” that encourage
employees to come up with new and innovative ideas andsuggestions. The goal is to create a “worker-friendly,
worthwhile and transparent workplace” with these activities
that translate into higher work efficiency for the entire
organization and greater organizational capability.
Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201947

Activities for Environmental Management, Local Communities and Society

Environmental Impact and Status of
Our Activities for Reduction of the Impact
Environmental Management

Measures for Energy Conservation

Conducting operations with due attention to the environment is essential for JAEA to become an
accepted member of society. It also means making the environment surrounding JAEA sites cleaner
and more comfortable, and at the same time, it serves to increase our operational efficiency.
Thus, JAEA regards consideration for the environment as a matter of high priority in carrying out
business operations, and we have formulated the Rules on Environmental Management. The President
adopts a basic environmental policy for each fiscal year based on the Rules. Under the policy, wedefine environmental targets and proactively undertake environmentally conscious activities.
Moreover, we have set up an environmental management framework for promoting environmentallyconscious activities, which includes the Environmental Committee and the Meeting of Section Heads in
Charge of Environmentally Conscious Activities.

Japan Atomic Energy Association (JAEA) promotes
environment-conscious activities for energy conservation.
JAEA’s sites at six locations (Nuclear Science ResearchInstitute, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories,
Oarai, “Monju,” “Fugen” and Ningyo-toge) are designatedEnergy Management Factories under the Act on the
Rational Use of Energy (hereinafter “Energy ConservationAct”). Consequently, these locations promote energy
conservation activities according to medium- and long-termplans drawn up based on the Energy Conservation Law.
Other locations and business offices have also formulated
their own plans and engage in energy conservation efforts.

Fiscal 2018 Framework

Fiscal 2018 Basic Environmental Policy

President
Executive Director in chargeof safety and nuclear
security administration

Environmental Committee
Chairman: Executive Director in charge of safety andnuclear security administration
Secretariat: Safety and Nuclear Security
Administration Department

Committee of Section Heads in Chargeof Environmentally Conscious Activities

Director of the Safety andNuclear Security
Administration Department
Energy Management andPlanning Officers

Specialized Committee on Measuresrequired by the Act on Rationalizing
Energy Use and the Act on Promotion of
Global Warming Countermeasures

Director Generals

As a national R&D institute engaging in comprehensive nuclear energy R&D,
JAEA endeavors to maximize its R&D outcomes in the field of nuclear scienceand technology and simultaneously places its highest priority on safety.
We therefore promote comprehensive R&D on nuclear energy with the aimsof ensuring a stable energy supply for the future in Japan, making effective
use of resources, and conserving the global environment through reductionof environmental impact and prevention of environmental contamination.
In conducting environmentally conscious activities in fiscal 2018, we continued
to pursue improvements based on the principles above. Thus, we stipulate thefollowing basic policies pursuant to the Rules on Environmental Management:
We regard consideration for the environment as a priority matter in
conducting our business operations, and we will work to conserve theglobal environment by saving energy and resources and reducing waste.
We will promote dissemination of environmental conservation information inorder to build a relationship of trust with the public and the local community.

The chart below shows how we plan and implement ourenvironmentally conscious activities in each fiscal year.
The results of these activities will undergo a review by therelevant committees, including the Environmental
Committee, and will be incorporated into the following
year‘s basic environmental policy and environmental targets.

Meeting of the Environmental Committee

Energy-saving Activities and Promoting Efficient
Energy Use
JAEA is working to improve and beautify the environment
inside the compounds of its business offices and locations.
Concrete examples actively promoted include the planting

1Q
Apr.

Formulation of anenvironmental policy andtargets and compiling ofactivity results
Implementation of
measures required by
the Act on Rationalizing
Energy Use and the Act
on Promotion of Global
Warming Countermeasures

May

2Q
Jun.

Jul.

Aug.

3Q
Sep.

Oct.

Evaluate the results of target achievement in the previous
fiscal year and report to the Environmental Committee

Nov.

Input

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Emission

Total energy input: .............. Approx. 6,000 TJ

Water resource input: ....... Approx. 2.1 million m

Greenhouse gas emissions: .....Approx. 340,000 t-CO2

Electricity consumption: .... Approx. 5,500 TJ

Photocopying paper input: .... Approx. 200 t

Emissions from domestic waste: .... Approx. 270 t

Fossil fuel consumption: ...... Approx. 520 TJ

Action Item

Organize a training session on environmentally conscious activities

Training Session for Environmentally Conscious Activities
Every year, JAEA invites an external lecturer to give training to employees and other staff and hosts a meeting to encourage an
exchange of views. These training sessions are expected to serve the purpose of the promotion and active implementation ofenvironmentally conscious activities and the improvement of the skills of relevant personnel.

Emissions from industrial waste: .... Approx. 290 t

Environmental target

Results• Energy consumption per unit of output dropped by approximately 0.2%
and electricity consumption per unit of output based on a new
evaluation system designed to encourage the leveling of electricity
demand by approximately 0.2%, both on an annual average, during thetarget five-year period. Both figures were below the reduction target of
1% on an annual average.
• New measures implemented for the leveling of electricity demand
include changing the operational time of air-conditioning systems to
the extent where safety and operational execution are not impacted,
turning off lights near the windows and conducting the periodic
inspection of receiving and transforming facilities during the summer.

• The target was not achieved.
We will continue our efforts to reduceenergy consumption.

Promotion of energy
conservation• Reduction of energy consumption per unit ofoutput or electricity consumption per unit ofoutput based on a new evaluation systemdesigned to encourage the leveling of electricity
demand by 1% or more on an annual average by
the end of FY2018, with FY2014 as a base year.
• Adopt one or more new measures that lead toenergy conservation, leveling of electricity
demand or equipment improvement that had notbeen introduced until the previous fiscal year andput them into action.

Promotion of resource
conservation• Reduce the consumption of water andphotocopying paper to levels below the averagein the past five years.

• The water input was approximately 98% of the amount in the previous
fiscal year and approximately 99% of the average in the most recent fivefiscal years.
• The consumption of photocopying paper was approximately 96% of theamount in the previous fiscal year and approximately 96% of theaverage in the most recent five fiscal years.

• Consumption fell below the average amountconsumed in the most recent five fiscal years.
We will continue our efforts to
reduce consumption.

Reduction of waste• Reduce the volume of domestic waste to levels
below the average in the past five years.
• Increase the sales amount of valuables to above zero.

• The emission of domestic waste was approximately 103% of the amountin the previous fiscal year and approximately 100% of the average in themost recent five fiscal years.
• The recycling rate of resources including the recovery of valuables wasapproximately 65% (approximately 52% in the previous fiscal year).

• The waste we produced was at the same level as
the average waste discharged in the most recent
five fiscal years. Also, we discharged approximately 820 t as valuables. We will continue ourefforts to recycle resources.

Promotion of thedissemination ofenvironmental
conservation information• Examine and promote effective ways to communicate
environmental conservation information.

• Posted information about environment-conscious activities on theintranet at the Head Office and at each JAEA site.

• Efforts were made to transmit information about ourenvironment-conscious activities in an easy-tounderstand format. We will examine ways to transmit
information even more effectively in the future.

Promote environmentally conscious activities based on the policy and targets

Training session on
environmentally conscious
activities

Emissions from specially managed
industrial waste: ...............................Approx. 15 t

Environmental Targets, Results of Activities and Evaluation for Fiscal 2018

Evaluate the activity results and formulate a plan for the following fiscal
year, including a basic environmental policy and environmental targets

Prepare periodic and other reports required by these acts and submit them to the national authority

Greenery planted outside the windows

3

4Q
Dec

Efficiency improvement by renewing
air-conditioning
equipment

Summary of Fiscal 2018 Environment-Conscious Activities

Planning of Fiscal 2018 Environmentally Conscious Activities
Major actionof greenery outside windows to block the sun’s rays during
the summer to reduce energy consumption and equipment
renewal aimed at improving the efficiency of energy use.
The renewal of air-conditioning facilities at Oarai Researchand Development Institute cut electricity consumption by
about 10% from pre-renewal levels and contributed toenergy conservation. JAEA will continue to promote
effective energy utilization as much as is feasible.

With regard to environment-related laws and regulations,
JAEA executes management to comply with the applicableregulatory standards for environmental items such as air
pollutants, radioactive gaseous waste emissions into theatmosphere, discharge of water pollutants and radioactive
liquid waste, noise and vibrations.
During the period from fiscal 2018 to July 2019,equipment malfunctions and other factors caused an

Evaluation

incident at the Nuclear Science Research Institute that
resulted in temporary deviations from the wastewater
standard under the Water Pollution Control Law on threeoccasions. Consequently, we improved the equipment thatmalfunctioned and took other measures to prevent therecurrence of such incidents. The incidents have had no
impact on the environment. JAEA will continue to exercise
appropriate wastewater management.

* Visit the JAEA website (Environmental Information) for details on information on environment-conscious activities.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/environment/ (in Japanese)

48

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201949

Activities for Environmental Management, Local Communities and Society

Overview of Environmental Performance in Fiscal 2018
Total Energy Consumption
Electricity

Total GHG Emissions

Fossil fuelElectricity
Fossil fuels
Alternative chlorofluorocarbon
Fluorocarbons
370,000 t-CO2
400,000
360,000 t-CO2 360,000 t-CO2
270
370,000 t-CO2
340,000 t-CO2
230
120
22,00023,000150
21,00017,00020,00037,00038,00037,00036,00034,000300,000

7,000
6,100 TJ

6,100 TJ

6,100 TJ

580

570

570

6,200 TJ
560

Total Amount of Waste

6,000 TJ
520

5,250

Industrial waste
General waste
Industrial waste subject to special control
1,200

1,000 t 20
900

920 t 20830 t 42830 t 12

280
3,500
5,500

5,600

5,500

5,700

200,000

5,500

600
310,000

1,750

100,00000

310,000

300,000

300,000

260

250

280

570 t 15

290,000
300

270

740

620

570

510

290

FY2014FY2015FY2016FY2017FY2018

Copy Paper Consumption

FY2014FY2015

Public waters/areas

INPUT

220 t

210 t

200 t

210 t

4.50

200 t

OUTPUT

Wastepaper

4.20
million m3
0.027

4.10
3.90
3.90
million m3
million m3 million m3

FY2015FY2016FY2017FY2018Industrial water
Clean water
3.00

2.20
million m3
0.12
0.20

0.35
1.50

0

50

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

FY2014

Metals

FY2017FY2018

Plastics

OthersRecycling rate (right axis)
80

63%
3.50
million m3

1,400 t1,200 t

1,000

3.80

740

4.00

3.80

FY2014FY2015FY2017

67
12
1,000

65%

64%
58 1,300 t 47
11
12990 t 4811

FY2018910 t 43 40
13

990

500

0

60

52%

660

3.40

FY2016

64%

1,500

0.010

Groundwater and well waterRiver and lake water

570

350

330

270

280

280

FY2014FY2015FY2016FY2017FY2018

20

0

2.20
2.10
2.10
2.00
million m3
million m3
million m3 million m3
0.12
0.11
0.13
0.18

0.26

0.13
0.20
0.17

0.17

0.31

Methylnaphthalene Trichlorofluoromethane Manganese and other compounds
Hydrogen fluoride and its water-soluble salt Xylene Trimethylbenzene
1,200

1,000 kg
900

0.18

0.33

87

5.5
7.8
34 800 kg

330
250

600

•Amount of incinerated general waste................................................. 47 t (FY2017 45 t)

5.7
49

570 kg 5.8 560 kg
60

1.60

FY2016

Substances Subject to the Pollutant Release andTransfer Register (PRTR)

Water Intake

0.75

0.096

0.092

0.088

1.50

FY2014FY2015

2,000

3.00

0

FY2014Main Resources Recycled

Sewerage

4.20
75

2.25

0

FY2018

6.00

150

0

FY2017

Wastewater Discharge

300

225

FY20161.50

FY20151.50

FY2016

1.60

FY20171.50

FY2018

300

0

570

FY2014

6.1
8.4

91

7.3

540 kg
74

490

490

460

470

FY2015FY2016FY2017FY2018

3.3•Recycling of construction materials........................................ 9,200 t (FY2017 2,800 t)* The itemized totals may not agree exactly with the figure in the total due tofractional amounts being rounded.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2019

51

Activities for Environmental Management, Local Communities and Society

Activities for Local Communities and Society

R&D Institutes and Centers as of April 2019

Contribution to Local Communities and Society
JAEA conducts R&D operations on the basis of the trust placed in us by the local community. Accordingly, wealways keep in mind our contribution to sustainable local growth, value interactions with the local community andundertake a range of activities to achieve co-existence as a member of local communities.

Aomori Research andDevelopment Center(Mutsu) 400 Kitasekine, Sekine,
Mutsu-shi, Aomori 035-0022
Tel: +81-175-25-3311

Tsuruga Head Office65-20 Kizaki, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui
914-8585
Tel: +81-770-23-3021

Horonobe: Enjoy Science Museum 2018
in Horonobe

Aomori: Mutsu Industrial Festival

Fukushima: Futaba World Festival 2018
in Namie

Tokai: Tokai Festival

Major Activities Undertaken During Fiscal 2018

Horonobe

Aomori• Hands-on classes and experimental
workshop in Horonobe• Enjoy Science Museum 2018 in Horonobe• Horonobe Meirin Park Festival• Horonobe Yukinko Festival• Horonobe Spring and Fall
Cleanup Campaigns• Kitadori District Bon Dance• Mutsu Industrial Festival• Environmental activities aroundthe Mutsu Office

Fukushima• Tomioka Sakura Festival• Futaba World Festival 2018 in Namie• Comutan-Fukushima Autumn Festival• Miharu Autumn Festival• Naraha-machi Spring and Fall
Cleanup Campaigns

Tokai• ECO Fes Hitachi 2018
• Tokai Festival• Hitachi Port Festival• Katsuta Marathon• Hitachinaka Industrial Exchange Fair
• Tokai-mura Spring and Fall
Cleanup Campaigns

Oarai

Tono

Tsuruga

Ningyo-toge• Mito Environmental Fair
• Oarai Hassaku Festival• Hokota Food Festival• Oarai Industrial Festival• Oarai ANKO (anglerfish) Festival• Oarai Cleanup Campaign• TOKI (pottery) Festival• Science Festival 2018
• Mizunami Mino Genji Tanabata Festival• Enjoy Science Museum 2018 in Mizunami• Toki River (Hazama River) Cleanup Campaign• Tsuruga Festival• Summer Festival in Mihama• Family Festival• Hanakae (Flower Exchange) Festival• Fukui Cleanup Campaign

Head Office of Tsuruga
Decommissioning Demonstration
65-20 Kizaki, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui
914-8585
Tel: +81-770-23-3021

Tsuruga Comprehensive Researchand Development Center
65-20 Kizaki, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui
914-8585
Tel: +81-770-21-5060
1 Shiraki, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui
919-1279
Tel: +81-770-39-1031

Ningyo-toge Environmental
Engineering Center
1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho,Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698
Tel: +81-868-44-2211• Misasa Hot-Spring Curie Festival• Kagamino-cho Industrial Festival• Kamisaibara Furusato Festival• Youngsters’ Science Festival in Kurashiki• Ombara-Kogen Hyomon Festival• Volunteer cleaning• Tottori Symbiotic Forest Project52

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Tono: Enjoy Science Museum 2018
in Mizunami

Tsuruga: Tsuruga Festival

Center for Computational Science& e-Systems (Kashiwa Office)148-2 Kashiwanoha Campus,178-4
Wakashiba, Kashiwa-city, Chiba,277-0871, JapanThe University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha
campus station satellite 4F
Tel: +81-4-7135-2350

Headquarters
765-1 Funaishikawa, Tokai-mura,Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1184
Tel: +81-29-282-1122
Nuclear Science Research Institute
2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun,Ibaraki 319-1195
Tel: +81-29-282-5100

Harima SR Radioisotope Laboratory
1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun,
Hyogo 679-5148
Tel: +81-791-58-0822

Tono Geoscience Center• Mizunami UndergroundResearch Laboratory
1-64 Yamanouchi, Akiyo-cho,
Mizunami-shi, Gifu 509-6132
Tel: +81-572-66-2244• Toki Research Institute of Isotope
Geology and Geochronology
959-31 Jorinji, Izumi-cho, Toki-shi,
Gifu 509-5102
Tel: +81-572-53-0211

J-PARC Center
2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun,Ibaraki 319-1195
Tel: +81-29-284-4578
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering
Laboratories (NCL)
4-33 Muramatsu, Tokai-mura,Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1194
Tel: +81-29-282-1111
Oarai Research andDevelopment Institute4002 Narita-cho, Oarai-machi,
Higashi-ibaraki-gun, Ibaraki
311-1393
Tel: +81-29-267-4141
Nuclear Emergency Assistanceand Training Center (NEAT)
11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo,
Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki 311-1206
Tel: +81-29-265-5111

Collaborative Laboratories for
Advanced Decommissioning
Science (CLADS)
790-1 Ohtsuka, Motooka, Tomiokamachi, Futaba-gun, Fukushima979-1151
Tel: +81-240-21-3530
Naraha Center for Remote Control
Technology Development
1-22 Nakamaru, Yamadaoka,
Naraha-machi, Futaba-gun,
Fukushima 979-0513
Tel: +81-240-26-1040
Okuma Analysis andResearch Center
Tel: +81-246-35-7650 (Iwaki Office)Fukushima Environmental
Safety Center(Miharu)
10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi,
Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700
Tel: +81-247-61-2910(Minamisoma)
45-169 Sukakeba, Kaibama,
Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma-shi,
Fukushima 975-0036
Tel: +81-244-25-2072
Iwaki Office
8F Taira Central Building, 7-1
O-machi, Taira, Iwaki-shi, Fukushima
970-8026
Tel: +81-246-35-7650

Paris Office28, Rue de Berri 75008 Paris, FRANCE
Tel: +33-1-42-60-31-01

Washington Office2120 L Street, N.W., Suite 860
Washington, D.C. 20037, U.S.A.
Tel: +1-202-338-3770
Fax: +1-202-338-3771

Oarai: Hassaku Festival

Tokyo Office
19F Fukoku Seimei Building, 2-2-2
Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 100-8577
Tel: +81-3-3592-2111

Fugen Decommissioning
Engineering Center
3 Myojin-cho, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui
914-8510
Tel: +81-770-26-1221
Prototype Fast Breeder
Reactor Monju
2-1 Shiraki, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui
919-1279
Tel: +81-770-39-1031

Horonobe UndergroundResearch Center
432-2 Hokushin, Horonobe-cho,Teshio-gun, Hokkaido 098-3224
Tel: +81-1632-5-2022

Vienna Office
Leonard Bernsteinstrasse 8/2/34/7,
A-1220, Wien, AUSTRIA
Tel: +43-1-955-4012

Ningyo-toge: Kagamino-cho
Industrial Festival

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201953

Moving towards Transformation of the Future Society

Future Vision “JAEA 2050 +”JAEA has developed a future vision titled “JAEA 2050 +,” which outlines its ideal image for the future, namely thegoal we should seek and the actions we should take toward this goal in order to continue our social contribution
into the future. (“JAEA 2050 +” was released to the public on October 31, 2019.) The vision is in line with the2

Actions toward 2050

policy goals of Japan (“Strategic Energy Plan,” “The Long-Term Strategy under the Paris Agreement,” Society 5.0*1
and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)).

R&D for Making “New Era Nuclear S&T” a Reality

Establishing six research themes and promoting multidimensional R&D cross-sectionally and strategically1

Pursuit of safety

Goals toward 2050

Research on safety enhancement
following the accident at TEPCO’s
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

Seeking to contribute to the transformation of future society by pursuing the full potential of
Nuclear Science and Technology (S&T)
1) Contribute to alleviating the risk of global climate change with Nuclear S&T
2) Contribute to energy security using nuclear energy systems with enhanced safety, including the nuclear fuel cycle3) Contribute to the realization of future society (Society 5.0) through Nuclear S&T

Striving for “New Era Nuclear S&T” reflecting on lessons learned from TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Station accident and a reacknowledgement of the value of nuclear safety“New Era Nuclear S&T”: renewed efforts to contribute to future society by ensuring an interactive
dialogue with society and the following:
Development of a Nuclear S&T system that addresses “S+3E,”*2 including further enhancementof safety, and delivers the solutions to social challenges
Creation of innovations through synergies with other areas of science and technology
In terms of striving for “New Era Nuclear S&T,” taking full advantage of Nuclear S&T to
tackle the challenges, including Ethical, Legal and Social Issues (ELSI),*3 associated with Nuclear
S&T and present solutions
Overall Image of the Future Vision of JAEA

Challenges of climatechange issues

Ensuring Stable
Energy Supply

Pursuing the maximum potential of Nuclear S&T
Collaboration through synergies with other areas of S&T
Realization of
Ideal Future Society(Society 5.0)

Utmost priority placed on safety
Addressing ELSI concerning nuclear energy
International cooperation and contribution
Contribution to regional development*1 “Society 5.0” refers to a future society to which Japan should aspire. Proposed for the first time in “The 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan” compiled by the Cabinet Office of Japan, this isa society in which IoT would connect all people and things, enable the sharing of all sorts of knowledge and information and create new values. In “Society 5.0,” AI is expected to help freehumans from the burdensome work of analyzing huge amounts of information, with robots and self-navigating cars used to overcome issues such as Japan’s falling birthrate, its aging
population and underpopulation in rural areas.
*2 The “Strategic Energy Plan” defines the basic principles of Japan’s energy policy, which are based on the premise of Safety, Energy security, Economic efficiency and Environment, or “S+3E.”*3 ELSI stands for Ethical, Legal and Social Issues that inevitably arise in association with the utilization of Nuclear S&T.

54

Japan Atomic Energy Agency(Each figure shows
an example of R&D.)

Development of ATF Cladding

Conceptual study of various reactor systems

Utilization of
nuclear energy

Management of radioactive materials

Sophistication and spin-off*High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor, Fast Reactor

Decommissioning evolution
Development of cutting-edge
technologies for safe, fast andeffective decommissioning

R&D for more rational means of
nuclear waste treatment and disposal
Accelerator-driven systems (ADS)Quest for an innovative reactor system

Development ofsciences throughNuclear S&T

Novel material development
Explosives detection system, others
New material synthesis using graphene sheet materials

Visualization technology for radioactivity distribution

Creation of new knowledge
Research on health monitoring devices
Food research, etc. using quantum beams
Research on wearable devices* Spin-off: Application of the technology developed in a certain domain to other domains

Efforts/Challenges for Sustainable Utilization of Nuclear S&T

Steadily tackling fuel cycle back-end issues
through “Management of radioactive materials”
and “Decommissioning evolution” to develop an
R&D cycle for Nuclear S&T• “Nuclear legacy” initiatives tied to current andfuture use of nuclear energy and the creationof new industrial fields• Challenges to reduce environmental burden

Seeking to realize sustainable Nuclear S&T
that is trusted and accepted by society
Establishing a sustainable cycle for
R&D of Nuclear S&T“Nuclear legacy” initiatives

Challenges toreduce environmental burdenInternational Cooperation/International Contribution
and Regional Development

Redefining the Organizational Concept and Securing/
Training Human Resources

Actively participate in R&D cooperation withadvanced nuclear energy countries, contributeto international organizations and emerging
nuclear energy countries, and disseminate andconduct outreach concerning R&D results
Contribute to strengthening the nuclear
non-proliferation and nuclear security regime
Contribute to regional development as acommunity member

Reorganize JAEA to coordinate and collaborate
with other sectors beyond the nuclear communityand contribute to future society
Secure and train human resources from a wide
range of fields• Further foster trust by community members• Contribute to the daily lives of regional members• Develop partnership with the community• Contribute to nurturing of future scientists and engineers

The Vision for Human Resources Sought by JAEA
• Personnel with the ability to implement successful global activities in society• Personnel with the ability to create new outputs and values• Personnel with the ability to play active roles in a wide range of fields• Personnel with the ability to work with other people and ensure
the safety of facilities• Personnel with the ability to deepen mutual understanding withsociety through dialogue

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 201955