1212 Development of Science & Technology for Nuclear Nonproliferation
Technology and Human Resource Development in the Area of Nuclear Nonproliferation
and Nuclear Security to Support Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is conducting
the following technology and human resource development
activities related to nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear security,
in cooperation with relevant domestic and overseas organizations(Fig.12-1).

Support for Government Policy Formulation Based on
Our Expertise
As a think tank in this area, we conduct research on measures
to ensure nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear security on thebackend of the nuclear fuel cycle.

Nuclear Nonproliferation Technology Development forJapanese and International Applications
We have been developing proliferation resistant nuclear
technologies, methodologies for evaluating proliferation resistance,
and advanced safeguard technologies through cooperation withinternational partners such as the U.S. Department of Energy(DOE). In February 2013, we commemorated the twenty-five year
anniversary of cooperation with the DOE in the field of nuclear
nonproliferation. On the occasion of an annual bilateral meeting,
the JAEA was presented with a medallion with a message from
Daniel B. Poneman, Deputy Secretary of Energy, which expresses
his appreciation and gratitude for the JAEA’s cooperation in thisfield (Fig.12-2).

Strict Management of Nuclear Material at Our Own
Facilities and Utilization of the Experience Gained fromManagement of Nuclear Material
We strictly manage the nuclear material that the JAEA
possesses. Moreover, we assist in increasing the efficiency
of inspections by providing technical support to the Japanese
government and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
We also provide support to the IAEA in the field of physicalprotection and respond appropriately in the event of revisions tothe domestic legislation in this area.

Development of Measures to Account for and Control
Nuclear Material in Response to the Accident at 1F
We are examining the technologies applicable to thenondestructive measurement of nuclear material that remains
within the molten core of the reactors at Tokyo ElectricPower Company, Incorporated Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Station (1F). As one such candidate technology, we aredeveloping a technology for measuring nuclear material using
γ-rays emitted by fission products accompanying nuclear material(Chapter 1, Topic 1-16).
Contributions to the International Community Based on
Our Expertise and Experience
With respect to activities relating to the Comprehensive
Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), we operate radionuclide
monitoring stations and other related facilities, and thus contributeto the establishment of an international monitoring system forthe detection of nuclear tests. The JAEA’s activities in this area
attracted international attention when radionuclides that aresuspected to originate from the nuclear test announced by North
Korea in February 2013 were detected in April at Takasaki
Radionuclide Monitoring Station.

EURATOM

Proliferation-resistant nuclear
technology and methodology toevaluate proliferation resistance
Advanced safeguards technologies

Domestic Human Resource
Development

Management/Protectionof Nuclear MaterialInternational Contribution
Advanced development of CTBT
nuclear test verification technology andestablishment of international
monitoring system
Technical support for disposal of Pu fromdismantled Russian nuclear weapons

Domesticorganizations

Enhancement of capacity building throughtraining and education
Support for infrastructure development,
including the development of a legalsystem, regulations and manuals

Cooperative relations with universities
and related organizations
Support for nationwide efforts toward
human resource development

Effective and efficient management
Physical protection of nuclear materials
Cooperation with/support of IAEA, etc.

DOE

Support of Capacity Building andinfrastructure Development in Asian States

Policy Research
Policy research on the current
issue in the peaceful use ofnuclear energy and nuclear
nonproliferation

IAEA

Cooperation

Development of Technology for
Nuclear Nonproliferation

New Efforts toward Nuclear Security
On the basis of commitments made by the Japanese government
at the Nuclear Security Summit in April 2010, we establishedthe Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation andNuclear Security (ISCN) in December 2010 and began conducting
its mission of capacity building and infrastructure development,
focusing on the Asian region.
Approximately 630 participants (approximately 430 from Asianstates) participated in the training courses on nuclear security andsafeguards and other activities organized by the ISCN in FY 2012.
We are proud of the contributions that we are making in the areaof capacity building in primarily the Asian region.
Furthermore, we are conducting research on and developmentof the technology on the measurement of nuclear material, which
will contribute to the advancement of accounting for and control
of nuclear material, as well as the technology on nuclear detection
and forensics technology in cooperation with the United States.
We will continue to provide support to the Japanese government
in the area of international contributions by establishing accurate
technologies and sharing these technologies with the internationalcommunity.

Development of Technologies
for Measurement, Detection, andForensics of Nuclear Material

Demonstration of NDA system, development of nuclear
resonance fluorescence NDA technology,
development of He3-alternative neutron detection
Establishment and improvement of nuclear forensics
technologies and creation of domestic database

Cooperation
WINS

CTBT: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
WINS: World Institute for Nuclear Security
ASNO: Australian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office
D O E: Department of Energy

Relevant
ministries

ASNO

Fig.12-2 Medallion to commemorate
twenty-five year anniversary ofcooperation between JAEA-DOE in
the area of nuclear nonproliferation
presented by DOE
Fig.12-1 JAEA activities in development of science andtechnology for nuclear nonproliferation
We have two primary missions: to support the government indeveloping nuclear nonproliferation policies through researchand study, and to support government and internationalorganizations by developing nuclear nonproliferation technology.
In addition, we appropriately implement the management of
nuclear material and the development of related technology
and conduct capacity-building activities.
JAEA R&D Review 2013105