Don’t Shoot the Messenger:

Exploring the Economic Impact ofIneffective Witness Testimony

Bill Kanasky, Jr., Ph.D.

ubঞ1-Ѵollmb1-ঞomv!;1ou7vş ;rovbঞomv

ƓƖƔƏou|_Ľommou!o-7ķ"b|;ƐƏƏķubm]ķ$*ƕƔƏѵƑŊƑƕƕѶbঞ]-ঞomv1_oѴo]

$ub-ѴomvѴঞm]

_om;ƖƕƑĺƕƐƕĺƐƕƕƒ$oѴѴ u;;ѶƏƏĺƔƐƓĺƔѶƕƖ1ou|uoolv1b;m1;vĺ1ol

rѴoubm]|_; 1omolb1lr-1|o=m;@;1ঞ;)b|m;vv$;vঞlom$_;bm_;u;m|7;vbu;|oľv_oo||_;l;vv;m];uĿbv-0-vb1_l-mbmvঞm1||_-|_-vvub;7-m7;oѴ;7o;u_m7u;7v
o=;-uvĺm-m1b;m|ঞl;vķ1ollmb1-ঞomv0;|;;m-uubm]r-uঞ;v;u;v-ѴѴ7;Ѵb;u;70l;vv;m];uvķrমm]
l;vv;m];uv bm ;u ru;1-ubovķ Ѵb=;Ŋ|_u;-|;mbm] vb|-ঞomvĺ m lo7;um v-];ķ |_; l;|-r_oub1-Ѵ ;ru;vvbom vঞѴѴ
1ommo|;v m;]-ঞ; 1omv;t;m1;v 7bv_;7 o| |o - r;uvom 1ollmb1-ঞm] 0-7 m;v |o o|_;uvĺ m Ѵbঞ]-ঞomķ =-1|
b|m;vv;v -u; |_; ľl;vv;m];uvĿ -m7 fuouvĽ r;u1;rঞom o= |_;bu 1u;7b0bѴb|ķ 0;Ѵb;-0bѴb| -m7 _om;v| bv 1ubঞ1-Ѵ |ov11;vv bm |_; 7;Ѵb0;u-ঞom uoolĺ | ঞl; -m7 -]-bmķ -oum;v -m7 1Ѵ-blv l-m-];uv-m| |o C]u-ঞ;Ѵ ľv_oo|Ŀb|m;vv;v_;mroou7;rovbঞom-m7|ub-Ѵ|;vঞlombm1u;-v;vCm-m1b-Ѵ;rovu;-m77;1u;-v;vv|u-|;]b1Ѵ;;u-];ĺ$_; r-|_ |o ;@;1ঞ; b|m;vv |;vঞlom v|-u|v ;-uѴ bm - 1-v; -m7oou 7;rovbঞom |;vঞlomu;l-bmv blrou|-m| -| -ѴѴ robm|v bm |_; Ѵbঞ]-ঞom ঞl;Ѵbm;ĺubm]

7bv1o;uķ;-1_7;rovbঞom_-v-m;1omolb1-Ѵ;|o-1Ѵb;m|ĺ"|uom]ķ]u;-|Ѵb7;mv

|_;

]-r

;@;1ঞ;7;rovbঞomv7;1u;-v;-1Ѵb;m|ĽvCm-m1b-Ѵ;rovu;-m71ov|vķ0;|;;m

|_;

u;-Ѵ

-m7

7ubm]v;Ѵ;l;m|m;]oঞ-ঞomvĺ$_;u;=ou;ķ|_;7;rovbঞomv;মm]bv-

r;u1;b;7;1omolb1-Ѵ;o=-
1-v;ķ rমm] - 1Ѵb;m| bm -m
m=-ou-0Ѵ; rovbঞom _;m|ubm]|ov;Ѵ;ĺ_bѴ;;-hķbm;@;1ঞ;7;rovbঞomvu;vѴ|bm_b]_;ur-o|vom1Ѵ-blv
1ubঞ1-Ѵ0-Ѵ;]uom7b|_ro|;mঞ-ѴѴ_;-1-v-Ѵঞ;v=ou-1Ѵb;m|Ō-Ѵ-u];1_;1h|o|_;;m;lĺ&m=ou|m-|;Ѵķrooub|m;vvr;u=oul-m1;
7ubm] 7;rovbঞomv bv tb|; 1ollomķ -v l-m -oum;v v; actual
depositions |o ;-Ѵ-|; b|m;vvĽ 1ollmb1-ঞom vhbѴѴvķ u-|_;u |_-m|_ouo]_Ѵ-vv;vvvhbѴѴvrubou|o7;rovbঞomĺ"ol;-oum;vb;b|-v
ľfv| - 7;rovbঞomķĿ -m7 |_; Ѵ;vv ub]ouovѴ ru;r-u; -b|m;vv =ou -7;rovbঞom1olr-u;7b|_-|ub-Ѵĺ$_;m=ou|m-|;u;vѴ|bv|_-|l-m-oum;v Ѵ;-um -0o| |_; v|u;m]|_v -m7 ;-hm;vv;v o= |_;bub|m;vv;vķ-m7o[;mķ|_;bu1-v;vķduring 7;rovbঞomvķu-|_;u|_-m0;=ou;_-m7ĺ|_;mķ|_;7-l-];bv7om;ķb|Ľvom|_;
u;1ou7ķ-m7-1Ѵb;m|_-vbm1u;-v;7Ѵm;u-0bѴb|-m7Cm-m1b-Ѵ;rovu;ĺ ubm]-|rb1-Ѵľ0-77;rķĿ-oum;vo[;mu;rou|=;;Ѵbm]=uv|u-|;7-m7_;ѴrѴ;vv_;m=-1;7b|_-b|m;vvĽvr;uvbv|;m|-m71-u;Ѵ;vvlbv|-h;vĺ"ol;-oum;vu;vou||o|_;ľhb1hvv|;lķĿ|;ѴѴbm]-b|m;vvķľ=hb1hom7;u|_;|-0Ѵ;om1;ķo-u;|-Ѵhbm]|ool1_ĸ|ohb1hv
l;-mvo-u;mĽ|Ѵbv|;mbm]|o|_;t;vঞomv;ѴѴ;mo]_ĺĿm;1-momѴ-vvl;|_-||_u;;hb1hvm7;u|_;|-0Ѵ;l;-mv
|_-||_;b|m;vvv_oѴ7=-h;-v;bu;bm-m;@ou||orov|rom;|_;7;rovbঞomķo0|-bmbm]l1_m;;7;7-77bঞom-Ѵru;r-u-ঞomঞl;ĺ
)_;m-vh;7-0o|_oroou7;rovbঞomr;u=oul-m1;blr-1|v_bvѴ;;u-];7ubm]Ѵbঞ]-ঞomķ|_;7bu;1|ouo=1Ѵ-blv-m7
Ѵbঞ]-ঞomo=-Ѵ-u];1ourou-ঞom0-v;7bm|_;"o|_;-v|1oll;m|;7ķ“I am sick and tired of opposing attorneys using bad
depositions against me during mediation and settlement discussions. I end up paying out more on that case than I should,
which needs to stop. I hate surprises. I hate being told that a witness will do ‘just fine,” and then they go bomb the deposition.
Those ‘bombs’ end up costing us an extraordinary amount of money.” Ѵ;-uѴķroou7;rovbঞom|;vঞlom]u;-|Ѵb7;mv|_;
]-r0;|;;m|_;u;-Ѵ-m7r;u1;b;7;1omolb1-Ѵ;o=-1-v;ķrমm]-1Ѵb;m|bm-mm=-ou-0Ѵ;rovbঞom_;m|ubm]
|ov;Ѵ;ĺrѴoubm]|_; 1omolb1lr-1|o=m;@;1ঞ;)b|m;vv$;vঞlom1

| |ub-Ѵķ mo ľhb1h vv|;lĿ ;bv|vĺoum;v -m7 1Ѵb;m|v 1-m omѴ vb| 0-1h -m7 1oѴѴ;1ঞ;Ѵ ]ubm7 |_;bu |;;|_ -m7bm1;
7ubm]roou|;vঞlomķ-v|_;buѴ;;u-];-m7lom;];|v1h;7o|o=|_;1ou|uoolĺm7vbm1;fuouvhighly -Ѵ;|_;
|;vঞlom o= =-1| b|m;vv;v -m7 v; b| -v - rubl-u =-1|ou bm 7;1bvbom l-hbm] 7ubm] 7;Ѵb0;u-ঞomvķ h;;rbm] - rooub|m;vvo@|_;v|-m7bvo[;mmo|-morঞomķou-|0;v|ķbv-ubvhv|u-|;]ĺm=-1|ķlov|fuouvomĽ|-11;r|ou|uv|-
1olr-mmঞѴ|_;Cuv|-11;r|-m7|uv||_;1olr-mĽv=-1|b|m;vv;vĺ=|_;7omĽ|-11;r|-m7|uv||_;=-1|b|m;vv;vķ|_; 1olr-m 7o;vmĽ| _-; - 1_-m1; bm 7;Ѵb0;u-ঞomvĺ uouv 1-mķ bѴѴ -m7 should v_oo| |_; l;vv;m];u b= - b|m;vv
r;u=oulv roouѴ om |_; v|-m7ĺ $o7-Ľv fuouv 7o mo| 7;l-m7 r;u=;1ঞomķ 0| |_; 7o 7;l-m7 ;@;1ঞ; ;u0-Ѵ -m7mom;u0-Ѵ1ollmb1-ঞomvhbѴѴv_;m-b|m;vv|;vঞC;vĺ
&m7;uv|-m7-0Ѵķl-m-oum;vv|u]]Ѵ;|o-vv;vvķm7;uv|-m7-m7|;-1_|_;v;1ollmb1-ঞomvhbѴѴv-7;t-|;Ѵķ-v
|_; v-ѴѴ _-; mo =oul-Ѵ |u-bmbm] bm |_; |o -1-7;lb1 7bv1brѴbm;v |_-| 1olrubv; |_; 0-1h0om; o= b|m;vv
;@;1ঞ;m;vv-m7fu7;1bvboml-hbm]Ĺrv1_oѴo]-m71ollmb1-ঞomv1b;m1;ĺvv;vvbm]-m7-7fvঞm]-b|m;vvĽv
1ollmb1-ঞomv|Ѵ;ķr;uvom-Ѵb|ķ1o]mbঞom-m70;_-bou-u;;u7bL1Ѵ||-vhvĺou;-lrѴ;ķ|_;u;bv-m;moulov7b@;u;m1;0;|;;m|;ѴѴbm]-b|m;vv|_-|Ĺ;ouv_;m;;7v|o0;-ľ0;;uѴbv|;m;uķĿvĺteaching 0;;uѴbv|;mbm]vhbѴѴvĸ;ouv_;m;;7v|o0;ľlou;r-ঞ;m|Ŀ_;m-mv;ubm]ķvĺteaching r-ঞ;m|-mv;ubm]ĸ
;ouv_;m;;7v|o]b;ľlou;1om1bv;Ŀ-mv;uvķvĺteaching _blou_;u_o|o]b;
1om1bv;-mv;uvĺ

$_;7bL1Ѵ|o=;@;1ঞ;b|m;vvru;r-u-ঞom01omv;Ѵ-v_b]_Ѵb]_|;77ubm]- v;lbm-u0-_b1-]oŊ0-v;7|ub-Ѵ-oum;_o7;v1ub0;7_bvѴ-|;v|;r;ub;m1;Ĺ“Last month at trial, my key witness’s testimony was so damaging that I wanted
to stand up and throw my legal pad at him in an effort to get him to shut up; then the worst part: I had to face my client and explain
why the witness crashed and burned on the stand, despite my preparation efforts the day before.”)_;|_;u-7;rovbঞomou-|ub-Ѵķ_;mb|m;vvru;r-u-ঞom;@ou|v=o1v;1Ѵvb;Ѵomv0v|-m1;ķu-|_;u|_-mhow -b|m;vv bѴѴ -1|-ѴѴ 1om; bm=oul-ঞom bm - 1o];m| -m7 r;uv-vb; l-mm;uķ - b|m;vv bѴѴ mo| -1tbu; |_; vhbѴѴv
m;1;vv-u|o0;-m;@;1ঞ;1ollmb1-|ouĺ$_bvu;vѴ|vbm1-u;Ѵ;vv-m7o[;m7;-v|-ঞm]lbv|-h;v7ubm]|;vঞlomĺ$_;lov|1ollom-m7ru;;m|-0Ѵ;b|m;vv0Ѵm7;uvbm1Ѵ7;oѴm|;;ubm]bm=oul-ঞomķ];vvbm]-m7mo|Ѵbv|;mbm]ou|_bmhbm];@;1ঞ;Ѵĺ;|Ľv|-h;;-1_bm|umĺrѴoubm]|_; 1omolb1lr-1|o=m;@;1ঞ;)b|m;vv$;vঞlom

2

VOLUNTEERING INFORMATION(oѴm|;;ubm]bm=oul-ঞomo11uv_;m|_;v1or;o=-b|m;vvĽ-mv;u;1;;7v|_;v1or;o=-t;vঞom=uolorrovbm]
1omv;Ѵĺ$_bv1ollomlbv|-h;o11uv=ou|_u;;u;-vomvĺ buv|ķb|m;vv;v_o-u;-mbov-m7m=-lbѴb-ub|_|_;Ѵ;]-Ѵ;mbuoml;m||;m7|o=-ѴѴ0-1hom|_;buouh-m7vo1b-Ѵ1ollmb1-ঞomvhbѴѴv|o_;Ѵr|_;lľvub;Ŀ|_;|;vঞlomĺ|ouhķ_ol;oub|_=ub;m7vķb|bvr;u1;b;7-v=ub;m7Ѵķ_;Ѵr=Ѵ-m7;L1b;m|_;mvol;om;o@;uv;|u-bm=oul-ঞom=oѴѴobm]-
7bu;1|t;vঞomĺ$_;u;=ou;ķmob1;b|m;vv;vbm-7;u|;m|ѴoѴm|;;u;1;vvb;bm=oul-ঞomķ|_bmhbm]|_-|b|bѴѴ0;_;Ѵr=Ѵķmhmobm]Ѵ1-vbm]|u;l;m7ovro|;mঞ-Ѵ7-l-];ĺ";1om7ķl-mb|m;vv;vrurov;Ѵ|u|o-mঞ1br-|;|_;m;|t;vঞom
out;vঞomvķbm-m;@ou||o0ubm]|_;|;vঞlom|o-1Ѵov;lou;tb1hѴĺ$_;v;bm7bb7-Ѵv;uuom;ovѴ1om1Ѵ7;ķľ$_;lou;
v-ķ|_;=-v|;u|_bvm1ol=ou|-0Ѵ;ruo1;vvbѴѴ0;o;ub|_ĺĿo|_bm]1oѴ70;=u|_;u=uol|_;|u|_ķ-v-morrovbm]
1omv;Ѵ bѴѴ -1|-ѴѴ t;vঞom - ľ1_- -|_Ŀ b|m;vv Ѵom];u |_-m - b|m;vv _o oѴm|;;uv Ѵ;vv bm=oul-ঞomĺ $_bu7ķb|m;vv;v;r;ub;m1;-mbm|;mv;ķbm|;um-Ѵu];|o;rѴ-bm---mv;uv|ovblrѴ;ķ7bu;1|t;vঞomvĺ$_;=;;Ѵ|_-|b=|_;
7omĽ|ķ|_;-u;Ѵ;মm]7om|_;|;-l-m7_uঞm]|_;1-v;ĺ$_;1Ѵ-vvb1ķľ+;vķ|_-|bv|u;ķ0|_;u;bv_Ŀ|r;o=-mv;u=uol-b|m;vvbvr-uঞ1Ѵ-uѴ7-l-]bm]ķ-v|_;mvoѴb1b|;7;rѴ-m-ঞom=;Ѵvorrovbm]1omv;ѴĽv--1hĺ

GUESSING
;vvbm]1ol;vbml-m=oulvķ-m7b|m;vv;vo[;m|-h;;71-|;7];vv;vbmv|;-7
o= v|-ঞm] |_-| |_; ľ7omĽ| hmoķĿ ľ7omĽ| u;l;l0;uĿ ou ľ7omĽ| _-; -m r;uvom-ѴhmoѴ;7];o=|_-|ĺĿ)_7ob|m;vv;vvoo[;mor||o];vvu-|_;u|_-m-7lb|mo|
hmobm] vol;|_bm]ĵ $o u;-vomvĹ ;l0-uu-vvl;m| -m7 bmঞlb7-ঞomĺ -m
b|m;vv;v=;;Ѵ;l0-uu-vv;7b=|_;1-mĽ|ruob7;-m-mv;u|o_-|bvr;u1;b;7-v
-m blrou|-m| t;vঞomķ -m7 -oum;v -u; ;r;u|v -| 1u;-ঞm] |_bv ro;u=Ѵ;loঞom-Ѵ u;-1ঞomĺ $_; v|-m7-u7 |ub1h bv |o v- |o - b|m;vvķ ľ+oĽ; 0;;m -m;lrѴo;;-|olr-m*=ouƐƔ;-uv-m7o1-mĽ|-mv;ulblrou|-m|t;vঞomĵ
1Ѵb;m|_-v-ub]_||o-m-mv;uĺ;|l;u;r;-|lt;vঞomķ-m7Ѵ;|l;u;lbm7
o|_-|o-u;m7;uo-|_ĺĿ||_bv;urobm|ķƖƖr;u1;m|o=b|m;vv;v|-h;-m
;71-|;7];vvķvblrѴ0;1-v;|_;=;;Ѵ1olr;ѴѴ;7|o1ouu;1||_;r;u1;rঞom|_-||_;7omĽ|hmoĺ$_;;m7r=;;Ѵbm]o0Ѵb]-|;7|oruob7;ľvol;|_bm]ķĿu;]-u7Ѵ;vv
o=b|v-11u-1ouu;Ѵ;-m1;ĺmঞlb7-ঞombv-Ѵvo-ro;u=Ѵ|ooѴĺoum;v1-mu-bv;

ov|fuouvomĽ|-11;r|ou|uv|-
1olr-mmঞѴ|_;
Cuv|-11;r|-m7
|uv||_;1olr-mĽv
=-1|b|m;vv;vĺ

|_;buob1;vķbm1u;-v;|_;r-1;o=t;vঞombm]-m70;1ol;v-u1-vঞ1ou-]]u;vvb;
|o-u7v b|m;vv;v -m7 ľ0ѴѴĿ |_;l bm|o -mv;uvĺ )_;m |_bv o11uvķ - b|m;vv
0;1ol;vv1-u;7ķu-Ѵ;7-m7;um1ol=ou|-0Ѵ;ĺ$_;b|m;vv|_;mruob7;v-m;71-|;7];vvbm-m;@ou||o]b;|_;
-oum;ľvol;|_bm]Ŀvo|_-||_;bѴѴ0-1ho@ĺ!;]-u7Ѵ;vvo=|_;1-v;ķ];vvbm]bv-7;-v|-ঞm]b|m;vv0Ѵm7;uķ_b1_Ѵ;-;v-m-oum;-m7-1Ѵb;m|Ѵm;u-0Ѵ;ĺ;vv;v-u;u-u;Ѵ-11u-|;ķ-m7-v--oum;1-mv;-b|m;vvĽ];vv;v
-]-bmv|_blou_;uķ_;-bѴ7-l-]bm]|_-|b|m;vvĽ1u;7b0bѴb|-m70;Ѵb;-0bѴb|ĺrѴoubm]|_; 1omolb1lr-1|o=m;@;1ঞ;)b|m;vv$;vঞlom

3

NOT LISTENING OR THINKING EFFECTIVELYm|o7-Ľv_b]_Ŋvr;;7ķbmv|-m|Ŋ]u-ঞC1-ঞomvo1b;|ķr;orѴ;-u;mo1o]mbঞ;Ѵ_-u7bu;7|oѴbv|;m-m7|_bmhvblѴ|-m;ovѴ
_;m1ollmb1-ঞm]b|_o|_;uvĺmo|_;uou7vķ_;mvol;om;-vhv-t;vঞomķ|_;u;vrom7;m|automatically 0;]bmv|o|_bmh -0o| _bv ou _;u u;vromv; bm |_; lb77Ѵ; o= |_; t;vঞom;uĽv bmtbuķ u-|_;u |_-m Ѵbv|;mbm] |o ƐƏƏ r;u1;m| o= |_;t;vঞomķ|_;m|_bmhbm]ƐƏƏr;u1;m|-0o|_bvou_;uu;vromv;ĺ uol-m;uorv1_oѴo]b1-Ѵv|-m7robm|ķ-u;vrom7;m|bv
;|u;l;Ѵ Ѵm;u-0Ѵ; |o ;uuouķ -v 1om1;m|u-ঞom -m7 -;mঞom -u; vrѴb| 0;|;;m |o -1ঞbঞ;vŌѴbv|;mbm] -m7|_bmhbm]Ōbmv|;-7o=7;7b1-|;7|oom;1o]mbঞ;-1ঞb|ĺ)_bѴ;|_bvr-;umbv;L1b;m|-m7=ub;m7Ѵbm|_;ouhrѴ-1;ou
vo1b-Ѵv;মm]vķb|bv;|u;l;Ѵ7-m];uovbm-Ѵ;]-Ѵ;mbuoml;m|ĺbv|;mbm]-m7|_bmhbm]vblѴ|-m;ovѴ-v-b|m;vvu;vѴ|v
bmroou-mv;uvķ0;1-v;|_;b|m;vv7o;vmo|_;-u|_;t;vঞombmb|v;mঞu;|ĺ)_-|_-rr;mvm;|bv|_-||_;b|m;vv-mv;uvĹ
7b@;u;m|t;vঞom=uol_-|-v-1|-ѴѴ-vh;7ķ_b1_l-h;v|_;b|m;vv-rr;-u;-vb;ĸ
 t;vঞom bm1ouu;1|Ѵķ =ou ;-lrѴ;ķ bm-7;u|;m|Ѵ -11;rঞm] |_; t;vঞom;uĽv Ѵ-m]-]; -m7-]u;;bm]b|_-v|-|;l;m||_-|bvmĽ||u;ĸ
t;vঞom|_-|v_oѴ7mĽ|0;-mv;u;7bm|_;Cuv|rѴ-1;Ōt;vঞomv|o_b1_-m-oum;oѴ7
u-bv;=oulou=om7-ঞomo0f;1ঞomvĸou t;vঞom 0;om7 |_; v1or; o= |_; bmtbuķ _b1_ oѴm|;;uv bm=oul-ঞom -m7 l-h;v |_;b|m;vv-rr;-u7;=;mvb;ĺ
!;]-u7Ѵ;vv o= ;71-ঞom-Ѵ --bml;m|v ou ruo=;vvbom-Ѵ -1_b;;l;m|vķ =-1| b|m;vv;v _-; mo 1_-m1; o= o|Ŋ7;Ѵbm] -
vhbѴѴ;7ķ;|;u-mt;vঞom;ub|_;-uvo=|ub-Ѵ;r;ub;m1;ĺ$_;omѴ-|oѴ;;Ѵ|_;rѴ-bm]C;Ѵ7bv|o|;-1_-b|m;vv_o|ov;_bvou_;u1o]mbঞ;u;vou1;vlov|;@;1ঞ;Ѵķ_b1_l;-mv|u-bmbm]_blou_;u|oѴbv|;mCuv|ķ|_bmhv;1om7-m7
vr;-h|_bu7ĺ$_bv=oulo=1ollmb1-ঞomv;;lv-h-u7|ob|m;vv;vķ0;1-v;b|bv-v|Ѵ7b@;u;m|=uolouh-m7vo1b-Ѵ
1ollmb1-ঞomĺ o;;uķ b| ruo|;1|v |_;l -]-bmv| -oum;vĽ |ub1hv -m7 |u-rvķ -v ;ѴѴ -v 1-u;Ѵ;vv lbv|-h;v u;Ѵ-|;7 |o
bm-;mঞom-m7Ѵ-1ho=1om1;m|u-ঞomĺ-m-oum;vv|u]]Ѵ;|ol-mbrѴ-|;-m7bmঞlb7-|;b|m;vv;v_oѴbv|;m1-u;=ѴѴķ|_bmhr-ঞ;m|Ѵ-m7-mv;u1om1bv;Ѵĺ$_bvbv;-1|Ѵ_|;-1_bm]|_;v;1ollmb1-ঞomvhbѴѴv|ob|m;vv;vm;;7v|o0;-|orruboub|;-uѴbm|_;Ѵbঞ]-ঞomrѴ-mĺ;;7Ѵ;vv|ov-ķt-Ѵb|b|m;vv|;vঞlomķouѴ-1h|_;u;o=ķ_-v-|u;l;m7ovblr-1|om|_;o|1ol;o=Ѵbঞ]-ঞomĺ ;vrb|;
|_bvķ|_;ঞl;ķ;@ou|-m7u;vou1;v7;7b1-|;7|ob|m;vv-vv;vvl;m|-m7ru;r-u-ঞom|rb1-ѴѴr-Ѵ;vbm1olr-ubvom|oo|_;u7bv1o;u -m7 ru;|ub-Ѵ ru;r-u-ঞom -1ঞbঞ;vĺ ou |_-| u;-vomķ_;m |_; l;vv;m];u bv ľv_o|Ŀ 0 |_; fuķ b| bv u-u;Ѵ |_;l;vv;m];uĽv=-Ѵ|ĺ|bvblrou|-m|=ou-oum;v|otruly m7;uv|-m7|_;v|u-|;]b1-m7;1omolb1Ѵ;;u-];|_-|1-m0;omou
Ѵov|b|_|;vঞlom-m7_o|_-|Ѵ;;u-];blr-1|v-1olr-mĽvCm-m1b-Ѵ;rovu;ĺm-7;t-|;b|m;vvru;r-u-ঞomķ;;mb=mbm|;mঞom-Ѵķ1-m-Ѵvou-bv;;|_b1-Ѵ1omvb7;u-ঞomvu;Ѵ-|;7|o1olr;|;m|u;ru;v;m|-ঞomķ0;1-v;b|1-mbm1u;-v;Ѵbঞ]-ঞom;rovu;ĺ$_;0;v|v|u-|;]bv|orѴ-1;]u;-|;lr_-vbvomb|m;vvru;r-u-ঞomrubou|oh;7;rovbঞom|;vঞlomķ]bbm]
1Ѵb;m|vv|u-|;]b1Ѵ;;u-];;-uѴķlbmblbbm]Ѵm;u-0bѴbঞ;v-m7o0b-ঞm]|_;ľv_oo||_;l;vv;m];uĿvm7uol;ĺ
!;|-bmbm]-m;r;u|_ovr;1b-Ѵb;vbm-vv;vvbm]-m77;;Ѵorbm];@;1ঞ;b|m;vv1ollmb1-ঞomvhbѴѴvbv;ubv;ķ-v|_;
u;|umom|_bvbm;v|l;m|bv;|u-ou7bm-uĺ-m-oum;v-1uovv|_;m-ঞomķ;;m|_;om;v_o1omvb7;u|_;lv;Ѵ;vľoѴ7
v1_ooѴķĿ _-; -1hmoѴ;7];7 |_; v|u-|;]b1 -m7 ;1omolb1 0;m;C|v o= ;r;u| 1omvѴ|-ঞom =ou b|m;vv ru;r-u-ঞomĺv -;|;u-m|ub-Ѵ-oum;u;1;m|Ѵv|-|;7ķ“I’d rather spend a few thousand dollars on expert consultation to help prepare my witnesses
than risk millions—or even billions—of dollars of my client’s money at deposition or trial.”rѴoubm]|_; 1omolb1lr-1|o=m;@;1ঞ;)b|m;vv$;vঞlom

orub]_|ƑƏƐƒbঞ]-ঞomv1_oѴo]ķĺѴѴ!b]_|v!;v;u;7ĺ4