Final Presentation
By
Pradeep Kodippili
Assistant Director
Disaster Management Center

Sri Lanka.
Comparative Study on
Disaster Managementin the Japan and SriLanka.
09-October 2009



Japan

Japan is beautiful as it has four seasonஇலங்ைக -Sri Lanka

Major Natural Disasters in Sri Lanka
Floods
Cyclones
Landslides
Droughts
Cyclonic storms
TornadosLightning
Sea Erosion
Sea SurgeTsunamiEpidemics
 Animal Attacks

Natural Hazards in Japan Earth Quakes
 Tsunami & Sea Tides
 Typhoons
 Torrential Rains & Floods
 Heavy Snow Fall Volcanoes
 Storm DamageThe Hazard Profile
Number of people affected by different disasters in Sri Lanka(1974 – 2008)

Organizational Structure
National Level

NationalConsultants

Disaster Management Centre(Director General)

DisasterManagement
Technology,
Mitigation
Unit

Tech.
Com.

Tech.
Com.

Forecasting,
Early warning&Dissemination
Unit

Finance Branch(Deputy Director)

Intermediate &Local Levels

Preparedness
Planning
Unit

Tech.
Com.

Tech.
Com.

Training,
Education& Public
Awareness
Unit

Personnel &Administration
Branch
(Deputy Director)

District Emergency Operation Centres(DRM Coordinators)
Disaster Management Assistants

Tech.
Com.

NationalEmergency
OperationCentreMedia Unit(Deputy Director)

Disaster Management System in Japan

National
Level

Prefecture
Level

Municipal
Level

Floods

FLOOD MITIGATION – IN SRI LANKA
2008 DATA
District

No ofProjects

Colombo08

Total Allocation
Rs (Mn)44.42

Gampaha03

28.7

Kalutara

07

30.505Hambantota

0126

Puttalam01

2.25

Safe Evacuation Routes

Okazaki, 230 km west of Tokyo August 29,
2008

Okazaki, 230 km west of Tokyo August 29,
2008

Occurrence of widespread
submergence at the undergroundfacilities in urban areas

Major Rivers in Japan
Length of themajor flow(km)River name1 Shinano river2 Toyo river
3 Ishikari river
4 Teshio river
5 Kitakami river
6 Abukuma river
7 Kiso river
8 Mogami river
9 Tenryu river
10 Agano river

367
322
288
256
249
239
229
229
213
210

Drainage area(km2)
11900
16840
14330
5590
10150
5400
9100
7040
5090
7710

Most rivers in Japan are steep with shortdistance from the source to the sea,
resulting in rapid flow. Furthermore, mostof urban areas are located in low-lying
areas below high water level. Populationand city functions are concentrated inareas

levee construction

Silting of the Rivers are very low due to Proper managed garbage disposal system.

 Regionally significant drought occurs once inabout every 3 – 4 years
 Severe drought occurs once in about 10 years

District

Unit

Kandy

50 Tanks

Total Allocation
Rs (Mn)1.269

Hambantota

70 tanks

2.487

Kalutara

03 projects

10.7

Deraniyagala

01

10Total23.456

MORE
THAN
500
FAMILIES
BENEFIT
FROM
THIS

MORE
THAN
300
FAMILIES
BENEFITFROM
THIS• Uncertainty of rainfall• Uneven distribution of fresh Water• Climate ChangeOn the evening of April 14th, 1615, astrong earthquake struck Sri Lanka

200 houses collapsed.
killing 4 persons.

Deep fissures opened in theearth, flames and sulphur are
said to have been emitted fromthese fissures. It is thought that2000 persons were killed in andaround Colombo as a result of
this earthquake.

Handawalapitiya
Earthquake

Walapane – Hanguranketha - 2007

Wathumulla -2007

Building Codes as to Mitigate theDamage
Disaster Management Centre has established aCommittee for Development of Guidelines forConstruction in Earth Quake tremor ProneAreas.

Erath Quakes In Japan1. New Building Codes were applies in 1984
2. Continuous Research activities on the new building codes.
3. Researches on the Earth Quakes
3. Disaster Awareness to the public (Hazard Mapping/Town Watching)
4. School/University Disaster Educational Programs
5. International relationship to share the knowledge.

 Southern, Western, Eastern andNorthern coastal belt is prone toTsunami
 The unprecedented havoc
caused by Tsunami haddevastated two thirds of thecoastal belt of Sri Lanka.
 More than 35,000 lives were lostand 100,000 houses werecompletely damaged in thirteen
districts along the coastal belt.
Approximately 5,000 people
were missing.

Landslides in the sea

DistrictPlace

ColomboMoratuwa

Total Allocation
Rs (Mn)2.479

MataraWeligama

0.342

Puttalum

Chilaw

0.65

Total

3.421

Natural Barriers
Low cost& High Value

Panadus Plant
Mangrove Plant

 Buildingof

Bio-Shields

withcommunity

Participation
 Planting of Mangroves and sea shore plants suchas Pandanus sp. to provide a wave-breakTsunami in Japan

Mitigation and Risk Reduction Activities in Japan
Structural Mitigation Methods in Japan
1. Tsunami Walls
2. Natural Coastal Barriers.
3. Tsunami Gates.
4. Safe Evacuation Routes.
5. Safe Evacuation Centers.
6. Properly Designed Safe Evacuation Signs.
7. Self manageable Evacuation Centers.
8. Proper Drainage System,
Non Structural Methods
1. Advanced Early Warning Methods.
2. Better Public awareness and school education on Disasters.
3. Better Planings.

Tsunami Walls

Natural Coastal Barriers.

Pine trees along the Coastal area in the Japan

Tsunami Gates.

Safe Evacuation Routes.

Safe Evacuation Centers
All the Emergency Items are available in the Safe evacuation centers

Evacuation Sign Boards located in the Inamura Village with self powered
solar system

Mobile Rescue Services.

Digital Hazard Mapping

Limitations for the Tsunami Early Warning, Risk Reduction andPublic Awareness• Dependent on the Early Warning Data from other agencies• Lack of Resources (High Tec)
• Authority for the Dissemination.
• Speed of the information from the relevant authorities.
• Lack of funds• Encroachment of the public to the coastal areas.

Contribution to the Sri Lankan DRR

Cyclone
December toMarch• Evacuation Drills,• New building codes• Public Awareness includingschools• Proper Early warningsYear2004
2005
2006
2007

Number properties
532669708800+Landslides

Ladupita,Kiriwanella-2007

Damaged House at Mahawewa at Walapane

Damaged house at Kirimetiya at Hewaheta

Watawela -1992/1993

Koslanda -1997

Number of land slide mitigation projects wereconducted in the upper mountain area toreduce the risk

Motochi Earth Flow, conditions
Immediately following the sliding

Panoramic view of the Takisaka LandslidePanoramic view of the Narusawa Landslide

25% of Japans' land area is flat and low lying with plateaus, the Japanese people havesuffered numerous landslide disasters since ancient times

Land Slide Mitigation Program In Japan

A drainage well using reinforced concrete segments

Ohdo Dam Landslide

Surface drainage ditches

Bishamon Landslide

Land Slide Mitigation Project at Nigawa area.

Limitations for the Landslide mitigation in Sri Lanka

1.Funds
2.Technology
3. Natural Factors
4. Encroachment of the People

BOMB EXPLOSION

MAN MADE DISASTERS

Man made cutting failure at Beruwalalmd, lkao Pdwe,-2006

lmd, lkao Pdwe,- 2006
lmd, lkao Pdwe,-2006

Nearly 150,000 people dead by the Atom bomb.

Never Want to Hear of
Such a Man madeDisaster in the world.

More than3000
families arebenefitted

ESTABLISHMENT OF ELECTRIC FENCES
AND LIVE FENCES

Spent more than 20 MnRupees

 Electric fences are traditionally used as abarrier for Elephants.

How We reach tothe People through
Early Warning Division

To Reduce the Risk?

Multi-Hazards Warning Dissemination System
SMS/e‐mailGlobal Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS) & USGS

PTWS

DOM

NBRO

Regional &International
Organizations
Government
Agencies, Critical
Agencies &Stakeholders
Police

NARA

DOI

GSMB

CCD

AtomicEnergyAuthority

Receiving Early Warnings

Radio Comm

Disseminationof Warning

Multi-Hazards Early Warning
Dissemination Unit of theDMC

Outputs

SLT/ Dialog,SMS
Fax

Media & General
PublicInternet

Military
UN System, INGOs,
NGOs

Satellite com

24/7 Emergency
Operation Rooms

Cell Broad.
Police Com

Provincial Councils
District Secretariats

District Disaster Management Committee (DS OFFICE)

Divisional Secretariats

Divisional Disaster Management Committee (DIV SEC)

Military Com
Warning
TowersLocal Authorities
Village level DM Committees

Police Stations

DEWNS

Hospitals

Radio / TV

Government Dpt.
NGOs, CBOs

Speaker Sys.

Bells / SirensMessengersRiders / Cyclers

Erection of warning signs

How We reach tothe People through
Early Warning Division In JMA

To Reduce the Risk?

Earth Quake Early Warning System In Japan
If The quake in thesea

Multi-Hazards Warning Dissemination System in Japan
Earth Quake Detectors (160 stations) Buoys)

PTWS and Other various
Observatory Agencies
Regional &International
Organizations
Government
Agencies, CriticalAgencies &Stakeholders
PoliceReceiving Early Warnings

Disseminationof Warning

Multi-Hazards Early Warning
Dissemination Unit of theJMAMedia & General
PublicInternet

MilitaryUN System, INGOs,NGOs

24/7 Emergency
Operation Rooms

Satellite com

Police Com

Prefecture Mayors
City Officials

Prefecture Disaster Management Officials

Local Authorities

Municipal Disaster Management Officials

Police Stations

Military Com
WarningTowers
Community
RadioRadio / TV

Hospitals
Government Dpt.
NGOs,
Rail Way and other
Public Authorities

Outputs

NHKAutomatic
activation TV’s& Radios
Fax

PublicInamura Nohi village

24 x 7 National Emergency Operations Centre24 x 7 National Emergency Operations Centre

Hot-line

FaxInternet
Satellite

Planning
Room

Planning
Room

Emergency
Operations Centre

MediaRoom

Computer Work
Stations

CCTV Monitors

Equipment
Room

SLT/ Dialog,
SMS

Risk
AssessmentData
Collection,Researchand Analysis
CentreAir Port, Harbour & Other
vital installations ofservice providing
agencies etc.

Linked by Radio, CDMA &Satellite Communication

TV Monitors

Tsunami &Multi Hazard
Warning
CentreEOCs & DM Committees ofProvincial Councils, Districts,
Div, LA, Local Authorities

Communication RoomInter
National &Regional
DisasterWarning
Centres

StudioRoomBriefing
Room

Plasma Large TV Screen

Conference
RoomBriefing
Room

20 Line Call Centre

General Public• Presidential
Secretariat• PM’s Office• NCDM• Cabinet• M/DM&HR•MOD• Ministries• Military• Police• Govt. Agencies• PrivateAgencies• NGOs• CBOs• Red Cross• Civil Society
Emergency
ServiceProviders

Emergency Operation Center InJMAWhat we are doing
through the Trainingand Public
Awareness Division.

Knowledge and Awareness Building inCommunities Risk ReductionParticipatory Work with Communities
Workshops and Lectures
On Mechanism of Disasters and Disaster Management
Purpose: To understand current situation of community
disaster risk management system and disaster
response

Field Survey (TownWatching)
Discussion on evacuation in caseof emergency
Confirmation/Reconsideration ofproposed evacuation route

Develop aCommunity-basedHazard Map (draft)
To Visualize the observations
and findings through thediscussion and field survey.

Hazard Mapping Participatory Hazard Mapping carried out withcommunities.
 Communities are selected for hazard mapping.
 This ensures cohesive ownership of the activity.
 It also allows identification of informal leadershipto ensure sustainability of the intervention.
 Disaster prone areas are identified.
 Routes, Safe areas, RVs are marked.

Discussion on Current Problem & Action PlanTo discuss- what are the problems,- who is responsible to solve them,- what actions are needed.

Participatory Hazard Mapping to identify
safe routes and safe areas

Participatory Hazard Mapping in Vulnerable Communities

Community Evacuation Drills

Mock Drills to ensure response capacities

Community Response Capacity
Community response capacity enhancethrough the training of village level volunteers
for the following; First Aid Life Saving
 Swimming Boat handling Leadership (Outward Bound Training) Search & Rescue Camp Management

Public Awarenessfor the Disasters inJapan

Role of Education System
has been Modified to prepare theCommunity for allkinds of Disasters in Japan.
1. Elementary Education
2. High school Education
3. University Education
4. Community Education
5. International Education

Education Materials for the Disaster Education In Japan.
1. Awareness programs – Most of the Volunteers are sharing the knowledge with the public.
2. Drills – Attended the Tsunami Drill in Awaji Island
3. Training Centers and Museums–To train the public with real experience and the realKnowledge.

4. Town Watching- Most of the places of their cities are monitored by the residents to contributethe comments to the local governments and relevant authorities.

5. Education System- Very Important to give he past experience to the younger generations.
6. International Trainings- ADRC VR program is a very Good andImportant example to the world

Public AwarenessUniversity Students Sharing the Knoledge with the Public

Drills – Awaji Island

Every Cities, these kind of Drills are conducted to share the real experience with thecommunity and test the system of Disaster Relief, Rescue, Evacuation and etc……..

Training Centers and Museums–To train the public with real experience and the real
Knowledge.

Findings…
•Scientific Back ground of the Storm serge and Tsunami•Practical Experience of the disastersPost Traumatic stress disorder

In Japan
After all kinds of the Disaster PTSD treatments are given by thevolunteers and other related organizations.

Real Experience was gained on Volcanology- Unzen Mountain

Town WatchingElementary School Students and their parents are actively participating for Disaster Drills.

Fire Training in Japan in the schools

School Education On the Disaster Management- Interview for theDisaster Knowledge of the Public.

International Trainings to share the knowledge.

Preparedness and thePlanning Division.

 National Level Plans
 Provincial Level Plans
 District Level Plans
 Divisional Level Plans
 Gramaniladhari Level Plans
Preparation of SOPs at National, District,
Divisional and Community Levels

 School Preparedness Plans.
 Institutional Preparedness PlansHospital Preparedness Plans for mass casualty transfer.

 Japan is one of the country has shown a mostAdvanced preparedness for the Disasters.

DM Plans(National/Prefecture/City),Laws(Acts), Emergency First Aid, Emergency
Response teams, Relief are already been
established in proper way.

 Most of the community is trained for thedisaster management activities. It will be themost important factor to organize at adisaster.

Common Places are equipped with fire control

Essential Supplies (Store enough for three-five days)
Water (four liters/one gallon per person per day. Change water every threeto five months)
Food (canned or pre-cooked, requiring no heat or water. Consider special
dietary needs, infants, the elderly, pets)
Flashlight with spare batteries and bulbs
Radio (battery operated with spare batteries)
Large plastic trash bags (for trash, waste, water protection, ground cloth,
temporary blanket)
Hand soap and/or disinfecting hand cleaner gel that does not require water Feminine hygiene supplies, infant supplies, toilet paperEssential medications as required; glasses if you normally wear contacts
Paper plates, cups, plastic utensils, cooking foil and plastic wrap (wrappedaround plates so that they were re-usable) and paper towels
First Aid kit with instructions
 Yen in small bills (ATMs may not work after a disaster), with coins andphone cards for public phones.
Place emergency supplies and your telephone in places
where they are less likely to be knocked over or buried by falling objects (onthe floor under a strong table is a good choice).

What can be learned more;•How to live with Disasters safely.
•Even a one life is Important than Millions of money.
•Do the Disaster Reduction activities as they needed.
•Prevention is better than Cure.
•Mutual Help.
•Public Awareness.
•Education and Disaster Management•Volunteer Support to the society.
•Nation’s Attitudes for Disaster Management.
• Share the knowledge to other countries.

• Attraction of the country• Hospitality for the other nations• Kindness for the people• Caring of the people• Corporation of the younger generation• Gather international people together• Helpful Nation for the world• Protect the environment

Hospitality for the othernations

Caring

Corporation of the youngergeneration

Gather international people
togetherSuggestions for the Visiting
Researcher Course in ADRC
1. Increase the number of ADRC researchers to get more benefit on thisvaluable course.
2. Keep a good relationship with ADRC visiting researchers over the world.
3. Connect all the visiting researchers together and create a VR network.
4. Give Pressure to all the VRs to apply and contribute this knowledge totheir countries.
5. Circulate these reports all around the world to share the knowledge.

I have somepromise forthe ADRC

• I will be a Life time member in ADRC

• I will contribute this knowledge to mydisaster management system in mycountry• You are welcome to Sri Lanka any timeOn Behalf of Sri Lanka andThanks toADRC

Thanks to Japan

Thanks to Allof the ADRC
Staff
Thanks to• Mishra –Nepal• Jo – Philippine• Malik - Pakistan

Good Bye to theHelpful Nation for the world

ThankYou