ㄽ ᩥ ෆ ᐜ せ ᪨Characteristics of Wheelchair Basketball Falls
During the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics by Sex andPhysical Impairment Classification
A VideoBased Observational Study㸦ᮾி  ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌴࠸ࡍࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࣎
ࣝヨྜ୰࡟⏕ࡌࡿ㌿ಽࡢ⏨ዪ࠾ࡼࡧࢡࣛࢫศࡅูࡢẚ㍑ࣅ
ࢹ࢜ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓほᐹ◊✲㸧American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation,
102(9): 840-845, 2023.
୺ᣦᑟᩍဨ㸸ᾆ㑓 ᖾኵ ᩍᤵ㸦་⣔⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࣜࣁࣅࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᏛ㸧๪ᣦᑟᩍဨ㸸㧗ᶫ ┿ ᩍᤵ㸦་⣔⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ⏕య㐠ື࣭ືసゎᯒᏛ㸧           ๪ᣦᑟᩍဨ㸸ຍ⸨ⱱᖾ ෸ᩍᤵ㸦ᗈᓥᅜ㝿኱Ꮫ ⥲ྜࣜࣁࣅࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᏛ㒊 ࣜࣁࣅࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᏛ⛉㸧ሐ┬࿃㸦་⣔⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ⥲ྜ೺ᗣ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ㸧࠙ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࠚ㌴࠸ࡍࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࣎ࣝ㸦௨ୗ㸸WB㸧➇ᢏࡣ࣮࣎ࣝࢆዣ࠸ྜ࠸࡞ࡀࡽᚓⅬࢆ┠ᣦࡍࣃࣛࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㌴࠸ࡍྠኈࡢ᥋ゐࢆక࠺ࠋ2016 ᖺࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ኱఍࡛ࡣࠊWB ࡢヨྜ୰࡟㌿ಽࡍࡿ࡯࡝ࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸᥋ゐࡀ 1 ヨྜ࠶ࡓࡾ 11.9 ௳ࡶ⏕ࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Sasadai et al, 2020㸧
ࠋ2012 ᖺࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ኱఍ࡢ␿Ꮫㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊWB ࡣ 34 ௳ࡢയᐖࡀグ㘓ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 22௳㸦65㸣㸧ࡀᛴᛶእയ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Willick et al, 2013㸧
ࠋWB 㑅ᡭࡢእയⓎ⏕ཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ཯᚟ⓗ࡟⾜࠺ࣃࢫࡸࢻࣜࣈࣝࠊࢩ࣮ࣗࢺࡼࡾࡶ㌿ಽࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜᥎ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ Sá ࡽࡣࠊWBࡢയᐖ㒊఩ࡣ᭱ከࡢୖ⫥㸦128 ௳㸹47.2㸣㸧࡟ḟ࠸࡛ࠊ㢌㒊࣭㢦㠃㸦53 ௳㸹19.5㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ㸦2022㸧
ࠋWB 㑅ᡭࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࠕ➇ᢏ㞳⬺ࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠖࠕ῝้࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗࡓࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ⌮⏤࠿ࡽࠊ㢌㒊യᐖࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ⬻᣺┞ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࡓ㑅ᡭࡢ࠺ࡕ 44㸣ࡀࢩ࣮ࢬࣥ୰࡟⏦ㄳࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ㸦Wessels et al, 2012㸧ࠋ௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᐇ㝿ࡢヨྜᫎീࢆศᯒࡋࠊ㌿ಽ≧ἣࡸཎᅉࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣയᐖண㜵࡜ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋ ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㌴࠸ࡍࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢ㌿ಽⓎ⏕≧ἣࡀ➇ᢏ✀┠࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡀࠊࣃࣛࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ᚲ⮳࡟࡞ࡿࢡࣛࢫศࡅࡢไᗘࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࢡࣛࢫศࡅ࡜ࡣ㞀ࡀ࠸ࡢෆᐜࡸ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㑅ᡭࢆ༊ศࡋࠊ➇ᢏࡢබᖹᛶࢆಖࡘୖ࡛Ḟ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ไᗘ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆⅬᩘ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㞀ࡀ࠸࡟ࡼࡿඃຎࡀ⌧ࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋṧᏑᶵ⬟ࡀᑡ࡞ࡅࢀࡤእ஘㈇Ⲵ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚➽ຊ࡛ᢠࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡜࡞ࡾࠊ㌿ಽࡢ༴㝤ᛶࡣ㧗ࡲࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࢡࣛࢫศࡅࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ㌿ಽࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢศᯒࡣࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊWB ࡢヨྜ୰࡟⏕ࡌࡿ㌿ಽࡢ≉ᚩࢆ⏨ዪู࡟ࢡࣛࢫศࡅࡢ㐪࠸࡛☜ㄆࡋࠊയᐖண㜵ࡢ୍ຓ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠙᪉ἲࠚᑐ㇟ヨྜࡣࠊᮾி 2020 ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ኱఍ WB ➇ᢏࡢ඲ 73 ヨྜ㸦⏨Ꮚ 42 ヨྜࠊዪᏊ 31 ヨྜ㸧࡜ࡋࡓࠋヨྜཧຍࢳ࣮࣒㸦ேᩘ㸧ࡣࠊ⏨Ꮚࡀ 12 ࢳ࣮࣒㸦144 ྡ㸧ࠊዪᏊࡀ 8 ࢳ࣮࣒㸦118 ྡ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᅜ㝿ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡጤဨ఍ࡼࡾチྍࢆᚓ࡚ࠊබᘧࢧ࢖ࢺࡢヨྜᫎീࢆศᯒ
ࡋࡓ (https://www.youtube.com/c/paralympics/videos)ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡢ㌿ಽࡢᐃ⩏ࡣࠊ㑅ᡭࡢ㌟యࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡢ㒊఩࡜ᗋࡀ᥋ゐࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣᗈᓥ኱Ꮫ␿Ꮫ◊✲೔⌮ᑂᰝጤဨ఍ࡢᢎㄆࢆᚓ
࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸦ᢎㄆ␒ྕ㸸E-1459㸧
ࠋ㑅ᡭࡢࢡࣛࢫศࡅࡣࠊྛヨྜ㛤ጞ๓࡟⤂௓ࡉࢀࡓ᝟ሗࡼࡾධ
ᡭࡋࡓࠋWB 㑅ᡭࡣࠊṧᏑᶵ⬟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ 1.0㹼4.5 Ⅼࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿࡟ุᐃࡉࢀࠊᩘᏐࡢ኱ࡁ࠸᪉ࡀṧᏑᶵ⬟ࡣከ࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࢡࣛࢫศࡅࡢⅬᩘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ 2 ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ศࡅࡓࠋ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ 1.0㹼
2.5 Ⅼࡢ㑅ᡭࡣ࣮࣏ࣟ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮㸦௨ୗ㸸LP㸧
ࠊ3.0㹼4.5 Ⅼࡢ㑅ᡭࡣࣁ࢖࣏࢖ࣥࢱ࣮㸦௨ୗ㸸HP㸧
࡜ࡋࡓࠋศᯒ㡯┠ࡣࠊ㌿ಽࡢ᫬㛫ᖏ㸦➨ 1㸭➨ 2㸭➨ 3㸭➨ 4 ࣆࣜ࢜ࢻ㸭ࡑࡢ௚㸧ࠊࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ㸦ண㑅㸭Ỵ຾ࢺ࣮ࢼ࣓ࣥࢺ㸧ࠊࣉ࣮ࣞ≧ἣ㸦࢜ࣇ࢙ࣥࢫ㸭ࢹ࢕ࣇ࢙ࣥࢫ㸧ࠊ௚⪅࡜ࡢ᥋ゐ㸦࠶ࡾ㸭࡞ࡋ㸧ࠊ཯๎㸦࡞ࡋ㸭ࡋࡓ㸭ࡉࢀࡓ㸧ࠊ㌿ಽ఩⨨㸦ࣂࢵࢡ㸭ࣇࣟࣥࢺࢥ࣮ࢺ㸭࣌࢖ࣥࢺ࢚ࣜ࢔㸧ࠊ㌿ಽ᪉ྥ㸦๓᪉㸭ᚋ᪉㸭ഃ᪉㸧ࠊᗋ࡜᭱ึ࡟᥋ゐࡋࡓ㌟య㒊఩㸦ᡭ㸭⫝㸭⫪㸭⫼୰㸭」ᩘ⟠ᡤ㸧࡜ࡋࡓࠋ⤫ィᏛⓗゎᯒ࡟ࡣࠊSPSS version 27.0 for Windows㸦᪥ᮏ࢔࢖࣭ࣅ࣮࣭࢚࣒ᰴᘧ఍♫ࠊ᪥ᮏ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ⏨ዪ࠾ࡼࡧࢡࣛࢫศࡅࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿ㌿ಽ≉ᚩࡢẚ㍑࡟ࡣࠊPearson ࡢ࢝࢖஧஌᳨ᐃࡲࡓࡣ Fisher ࡢṇ☜᳨ᐃࢆ౑⏝ࡋࠊ஦ᚋ᳨ᐃ࡜ࡋ࡚ṧᕪศᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋᮏ㡯┠࡛ࡣࠊ3 ྡࡢ⌮Ꮫ⒪ἲኈࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ2 ྡ௨ୖࡢホ౯ࡀ୍⮴ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋ඲㡯┠࡛࢝ࢵࣃಀᩘࡀ 0.8 ௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊホ౯⪅㛫࡛Ⰻዲ࠿ࡽ㠀ᖖ࡟Ⰻ࠸୍⮴ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋࡓࠋ
᭷ពỈ‽ࡣ 5%࡜タᐃࡋࡓࠋ
࠙⤖ᯝࠚࢡࣛࢫศࡅࡢෆヂࡣࠊ⏨Ꮚ࡛ࡣ LP ࡀ 65 ྡ㸦45.1㸣㸧
ࠊHP ࡀ 79 ྡ㸦54.9㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᏊ࡛
ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 64 ྡ㸦54.2㸣㸧
ࠊ54 ྡ㸦45.8㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ኱఍ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ⏨Ꮚ࡛ࡣ 129 ྡ㸦89.6㸣㸧ࠊዪᏊ࡛ࡣ 84 ྡ㸦71.2㸣㸧ࡀ㌿ಽࢆ 1 ௳௨ୖ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࠋ㌿ಽࡢྜィ௳ᩘࡣ 1269 ௳࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦⏨Ꮚ㸸
944 ௳ࠊዪᏊ㸸325 ௳㸧
ࠋ1 ヨྜ࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㌿ಽ௳ᩘࡣ⏨Ꮚ 22.5 ௳ࠊዪᏊ 10.5 ௳࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋண㑅᫬
ࡢ 1 ヨྜ࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㌿ಽ௳ᩘࡣࠊ⏨ᏊࠊዪᏊࡑࢀࡒࢀ 22.6 ௳ࠊ10.9 ௳ࠊỴ຾ࢺ࣮ࢼ࣓ࣥࢺ࡛ࡣࡑ
ࢀࡒࢀ 22.2 ௳ࠊ9.8 ௳࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᗋ࡜᭱ึ࡟᥋ゐࡋࡓ㌟య㒊఩ࡣ⏨ዪ࡜ࡶ࡟ᡭࡀ᭱ከ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦⏨Ꮚ㸸724 ௳ࠊ76.7㸣ࠊዪᏊ㸸280 ௳ࠊ86.2㸣㸧ࠋ⏨ዪู࡟ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊࠕ཯๎ࠖࠕ㌿ಽ఩⨨ࠖࠕ㌿ಽ᪉ྥࠖࠕᗋ࡜᭱ึ࡟᥋ゐࡋࡓ㌟య㒊఩࡛ࠖ᭷ពᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ p < 0.05㸧ࠋṧᕪศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⏨Ꮚࡢ㌿ಽࡣዪᏊ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠕ཯๎ࡉ
ࢀࡓࠖࠕᚋ᪉ࠖ
ࠕ᭱ึ࡟⫝࣭⫼୰ࢆ᥋ゐࠖࡍࡿ๭ྜࡀ㧗ࡃࠊࠕࣇࣟࣥࢺࢥ࣮ࢺࠖࡢ๭ྜࡀప࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࢡࣛࢫศࡅูࡢẚ㍑࡛ࡣࠊዪᏊ࡛ࡣࠊࠕࣉ࣮ࣞ≧ἣࠖࠕ᥋ゐࠖࠕ཯๎ࠖࠕ㌿ಽ఩⨨ࠖࠕ㌿ಽ᪉ྥࠖࠕᗋ࡜᭱ึ࡟᥋ゐࡋࡓ㌟య㒊఩ࠖࡢ 6 㡯┠࡛᭷ពᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ p < 0.05㸧ࠋṧᕪศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࠊHP ࡢ㌿ಽࡣ LP ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠕ࢜ࣇ࢙ࣥࢫࠖࠕ᥋ゐ࠶ࡾࠖ
ࠕ཯๎ࡉࢀࡓࠖࠕ࣌࢖ࣥࢺ࢚ࣜ࢔
㸦ࢦ࣮ࣝ࡟᭱ࡶ㏆࠸࢚ࣜ࢔㸧ࠖࠕᚋ᪉ࠖࠕ᭱ึ࡟⫼୰ࢆ᥋ゐࠖࡍࡿ๭ྜࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⏨Ꮚ࡛ࡣࠕࣛ
࢘ࣥࢻࠖࠕࣉ࣮ࣞ≧ἣࠖࠕ㌿ಽ఩⨨ࠖࠕᗋ࡜᭱ึ࡟᥋ゐࡋࡓ㌟య㒊఩ࠖࡢ 4 㡯┠࡛᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽ
ࢀࡓ㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ p < 0.05㸧ࠋṧᕪศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࠊHP ࡢ㌿ಽࡣ LP ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠕண㑅ࠖࠕ࢜ࣇ࢙ࣥࢫࠖ
ࠕࣇࣟࣥࢺࢥ࣮ࢺࠖࠕ᭱ึ࡟⫼୰ࢆ᥋ゐࠖࡍࡿ๭ྜࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࠙⪃ᐹࠚᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⏨ዪࡢẚ㍑࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⏨Ꮚ࡛ࡣዪᏊ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚཯๎ࢆక࠺㌿ಽࡀከࡃࠊᚋ᪉࡟㌿ಽࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟⏨Ꮚ࡛ࡣࠊ㌿ಽ᫬࡟ᡭࡼࡾࡶ⫝ࡸ⫼୰ࢆ᭱ึ࡟᥋ゐࡍࡿ๭ྜࡀ
㧗࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⏨Ꮚ࡛ࡣዪᏊࡼࡾࡶ㢌㒊࡜ᗋࡢ᥋ゐࡀ⏕ࡌࡸࡍ࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࢡࣛࢫศࡅ࡛ࡢẚ㍑࡛ࡣࠊዪᏊࡣ LP ࡜ HP ࡢ㛫࡛㌿ಽࡢ≉ᚩࡀ␗࡞ࡗࡓࠋᮏ⤖ᯝࡣࠊዪᏊࡢ
HP ࡣࢦ࣮ࣝ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ᯝᩒ࡟ࣉ࣮ࣞࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛༴㝤࡞㌿ಽࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛⏨ᏊࡣࠊLP ࡜ HP ࡢ㛫࡛ࠊ᥋ゐࢆక࠺㌿ಽࡸ࣌࢖ࣥࢺ࢚ࣜ࢔࡛ࡢⓎ⏕࡜࠸ࡗࡓ༴㝤࡞㌿ಽ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡟ᕪࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⏨Ꮚࡢ LP ࡣ㌟యࡢṧᏑᶵ⬟ࡀᑡ࡞࠸࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ༴㝤࡞㌿ಽ࡟᭚ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊWB ࡛ࡣ⏨ዪู࡟ࢡࣛࢫศࡅࡢ㐪࠸࡛㌿ಽࡢ≉ᚩࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊWB 㑅ᡭࡢ㌿ಽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㓄៖ࡢᚲせᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ⏨Ꮚࡢ LP ࡀ㌿ಽࡋ࡟ࡃࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣝࣝኚ᭦ࡸࠊ㌿ಽ᫬࡟᭱ࡶ᥋ゐࡍࡿᡭ㛵⠇࡟ࡣࣉࣟࢸࢡࢱ࣮ࢆ⿦╔ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢᑐ⟇࡜ၨⵚࡢᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࣃࣛࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢയᐖண㜵࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࠊᮏ⤖ᯝࡣࠊWB㑅ᡭࡢ㌿ಽ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿയᐖࡢண㜵ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ➇ᢏே⏕ࡢᘏ㛗࡟ᙺ❧ࡘ᝟ሗ࡟࡞ࡾᚓࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ