2019 East Asia Disability Studies ForumTask Support Theory for Work of Persons with Disabilities
NAKAMURA Masaya （中村 雅也）(Ph.D Candidate, Graduate School of Core Ethics and Frontier Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Japan)

1. Purpose

2. Social background of this research● Two Streams of work support for persons with disabilities
1)Conventionally work support for persons with disabilities has been provided as vocational
rehabilitation.
→ Training for job adaptation（job coach etc.）
2)The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities orders “Ensure that reasonableaccommodation is provided to persons with disabilities in the workplace”.
→ Support as reasonable accommodation to persons with disabilities（work assistant etc.）

・Conventionally most of persons with disabilities have been engaged in manufacture and clericalwork.
→ One supporter could effectively help all the work difficulties of persons with disabilities.

・Recently support as reasonable accommodation became a new problem of work support forpersons with disabilities.
● The purpose of this presentation is to propose alternative methods of human work support
for persons with disabilities.

・Change and expansion of job categories that persons with disabilities are engaged in（Change ofindustrial structure toward tertiary industry, Change in quota system for employing more persons
with disabilities, Revising disqualifying clauses on some professions, etc.）→ Conventional Model of Supporting Individual may not work effectively in some cases.

〈Conventional method〉
・Model of Supporting Individual…One supporter is assigned to a person with disability, and the supporter directly helps theperson with disability.
〈Alternative methods〉
A) Model of Supporting Workplace, B) Support per Task

3. Alternative methods of work support for persons with disabilities● Two viewpoints when selecting qualified human resource for supporting task
・Requirement for occupation… The human resource with or without speciality for the occupation
・Requirement for supporting persons with disabilities… The human resource with or without speciality for supporting persons with disabilities● Four types of supporting task
… Classifying the support tasks by the viewpoints on requirement for occupation and requirement for
supporting persons with disabilities
・Supporting task which needs both requirement for occupation and requirement for supporting
persons with disabilities
・Supporting task which needs requirement for occupation but no need for requirement for
supporting persons with disabilities
・Supporting task which needs requirement for supporting persons with disabilities but no need forrequirement for occupation
・Supporting task which does not need requirement for occupation nor requirement for supporting
persons with disabilities● By clarifying the requirements that each supporting task needs, qualified human resource can be
assigned more effectively.

〈Conventional method〉
・Support focusing on persons with disabilities → Individual support model〈Alternative methods〉
・Support focusing on workplace → A) Model of Supporting Workplace・Support focusing on task → B) Support per Task

A) Model of Supporting Workplace・Support the workplace so that the workplace as a whole can support persons withdisabilities, by proving human resource to reduce coworkers’ workload.
〈Advantage〉
・Coworkers who understand the contents of works and have specialty for the work can
support the worker with disability.
・Support can be provided in the colleagueship of the workplace.
B) Support per Task
・Splitting the support into various support tasks, and provide one supporter to each task
independently.
＊Example: Splitting the support for person with visual disability into a task of reading
documents aloud, a task of transcribing printed letter into braille, a task of writing for blind,
and a task of mobility support.
● Four types of task support… Classification by the number of supporting tasks andresources of human support
・Support system of singular task assigned to singular resource
・Support system of singular task assigned to multiple resources
・Support system of multiple tasks assigned to singular resource
・Support system of multiple tasks assigned to multiple resources＊The term “human resource” means category of supporters rather than individual
supporter. For example, work assistant, coworker, volunteer etc..
● Two effects of Support System with Multiple Resources
・Quantitative effect of Support System with Multiple Resources… Supporting hours, schedule, and distribution of support tasks can be planned flexibly byincreasing the number of human resource supporting persons with disabilities.
・Qualitative effect of Support System with Multiple Resources… Support tasks can be performed effectively by assigning a qualified human resource toeach task.

Requirement for occupation:
Necessary
Supporting task which needs
requirement for occupation→ Qualified human resource can befound among people such as
Requirement coworkers in the same job.
for supporting
persons withdisability:
Unnecessary
Supporting task which does not need
any special requirement→ Qualified human resource can befound among general humanresources.

・Quantitative effect of Support System with Multiple Resources can be realized
automatically by increasing the number of human resource.
・Qualitative effect of Support System with Multiple Resources cannot be realized if each task
is not assigned to qualified human resource.

Supporting task which needs both
requirement for occupation andrequirement for supporting persons
with disabilities→ Requires special human resource.

Requirementforsupporting
persons with
Supporting task which needs requirement disability:
Necessaryfor supporting persons with disabilities→ Qualified human resource can be foundamong people such as caregivers engaged
in welfare or volunteers for persons withdisabilities.
（Example: guide helper, sign language
interpreter, braille transcribe volunteer）

Requirement for occupation:
UnnecessaryFig. 1. Four types of supporting task and qualified human resource

4. Conclusion.
● It becomes possible to design alternative work support system for persons with disabilities by applying the Model of Supporting Workplace and the Support per Task.
〈Conventional System〉
・Model of Supporting Individual ＋ Singular resource support〈Alternative systems〉
・Model of Supporting Individual ＋ Multiple resources support
・Model of Supporting Workplace ＋ Singular resource support
・Model of Supporting Workplace ＋ Multiple resources support● Task Support Theory for work of persons with disabilities can be applied to wide range of works as simple work to complicated professions for persons with disabilities.
● Task Support Theory has procedure to split the support into individual supporting tasks and classify them, so it is especially effective to complicated profession that needs various supporting tasks.