Strategic Environmental Assessment of the ILC Project- Summary of the Discussion -December 28, 2020

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board

1

Contents
Preface - Background information and position of this “Summary of the Discussion” - ............................. 3
1.

The International Linear Collider (ILC) Project................................................................................... 6

2.

Basic Approach to Strategic Environmental Assessment in the ILC Project ....................................... 83.

Project Phase Assessment and Follow-up Survey .............................................................................. 11

Appendix 1: Summary Table for the Environmental Assessment for the ILC Project ............................... 12
Appendix 2: Evaluation Items and Approaches for the SEA in the ILC Project ........................................ 13
Appendix 3: Basic Concept of Information Exchange in Environmental Assessment............................... 15
Reference A: Terms of Reference of the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board....................... 16
Reference B: Members of the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board ....................................... 18
Reference C: Meetings of the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board ....................................... 192

Preface- Background information and position of this “Summary of the Discussion” The International Linear Collider (ILC) project will be the world’s highest-energy electron-positron linear
collider, with a length of 20 km and is being promoted through international cooperation. The candidate
site under consideration is Japan.
Design activities for the ILC began in 2005 by the Global Design Effort under the agreement of theinternational community of accelerator science, and the Technical Design Report (TDR) was published inJune 2013. At that time, the proposal by the Japanese high energy physics community to host the ILC wasstrongly supported by the international community. In addition, promotion of hosting the ILC has been
growing in Japan, hoping that the construction of the ILC will create an international academic and researchcity. In response to this situation, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT) requested the Science Council of Japan (SCJ) in May 2013 for deliberation on the scientific meritof the ILC project and issues regarding its implementation, to which the SCJ responded in September 2013
with the “Report on the International Linear Collider Project”1. Responding to the various issues pointed
out in the report from SCJ, MEXT established the International Linear Collider (ILC) Advisory Panel (“ILC
Advisory Panel”) within the Ministry in June 2014 to evaluate various issues related to the ILC, andpublished the “Summary of the International Linear Collider (ILC) Advisory Panel’s Discussions to Date”2in June 2015.
In parallel, a new particle expected to be the Higgs boson was discovered at the LHC experiment at CERN
in July 2012. Based on the subsequent results from the LHC experiment, the International Committee for
Future Accelerators (ICFA) released a statement in November 2017 proposing an optimized design of the
ILC as a Higgs factory (about 20 km underground tunnel; 250 GeV center-of-mass energy), which is revised
from the TDR design of the ILC (about 30 km underground tunnel; 500 GeV center-of-mass energy).
In order to examine the ICFA's revised plan, MEXT held discussions at the ILC Advisory Panel andpublished the “Summary of the ILC Advisory Panel's Discussions to Date after Revision”3 in July 2018
and requested the SCJ to deliberate the revised plan of the ILC project in the same month.4
In response to MEXT’s request, the SCJ established the Deliberation Committee for the Revised Plan of
the ILC Project and the Subcommittee for Technology Assessment to discuss the issues and compiled theresults as “Assessment of the Revised Plan of International Linear Collider Project”5 (“SCJ Report”),
which was submitted to MEXT and published in December 2018. The “Executive Summary” in the SCJ
Report states, “Judging from the plan and preparatory status of the project presented at the moment, the
Science Council of Japan does not reach a consensus to support hosting the 250GeV ILC project in Japan.”Some issues6 were also raised regarding environmental considerations and environmental assessment.
MEXT then presented its view on the International Linear Collider7 (“MEXT's View”) in the March 2019
meeting of the Linear Collider Board (“LCB”), which stated that, although MEXT has not reached thedecision for hosting the ILC in Japan at this moment, “The ILC project has certain scientific significancein particle physics particularly in the precision measurements of the Higgs boson, and also has possibility
in the technological advancement and in its effect on the local community, although the SCJ pointed out
some concerns with the ILC project. Therefore, considering the above points, MEXT will continue todiscuss the ILC project with other governments while having an interest in the ILC project.”
The High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) has proceeded to address the issues raised in
the above process, especially the SCJ Report and MEXT’s View. In order to obtain external input regarding

1 http://www.scj.go.jp/ja/info/kohyo/pdf/Report_on_ILC_Exective_Summary.pdf
2 https://www.mext.go.jp/component/b_menu/shingi/toushin/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2015/08/05/1360596_3.pdf
3 https://www.mext.go.jp/component/b_menu/shingi/toushin/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2018/09/20/1409220_2_1.pdf
4 http://www.scj.go.jp/ja/member/iinkai/ILC/pdf/siryo2401-3.pdf
5 http://www.scj.go.jp/ja/info/kohyo/pdf/kohyo-24-k273-en.pdf
6 In SCJ’s report on revised plan of ILC project, refer to the following sections: p.(iii) Impact of hosting the 250GeV ILC on Japanese public andsociety; p.10, (4) Safety and environmental impact.
7 https://www.kek.jp/en/newsroom/2019/03/13/2100/

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environmental assessment, the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board (“the Board”) wasestablished under KEK's ILC Planning Office8 in September 2019, with the term ending on March 2020.
The Board investigated and summarized various issues such as implementation structure, process, method,and contents of the environmental assessment. Around the time of the Board’s discussion, following thedecisions made at the ICFA meetings in February and August 20209, the ILC International Development
Team (IDT) was newly established under ICFA to plan for the transition toward the ILC’s preparatory phase.
KEK became the host institution of the IDT at the request of ICFA. In response to this change in the situation,
the Board was re-established in November 2020. The Board revised its findings based on the new situationand compiled the Summary of Discussion.
The Board studied the required environmental assessment approach based on the following characteristicsof the ILC Project.
i.

The project is currently in the pre-preparatory phase, prior to the decision to host the ILC in Japan,
and the project implementing body has not been identified.

ii.

The project will be a long-term international collaborative project with a duration of more than 30
years from the start of preparation to the end of the experiment.

iii.

Large-scale construction work, both above and below ground, is to be carried out to set up theexperimental facilities, the ILC Laboratory campus, and other facilities.

iv.

The site of the experimental facility must avoid densely populated areas and the ground must be
solid.

v.

The maintenance and operation of the experimental facilities will consume a lot of electrical power.

vi.

A symbiotic relationship with local residents must be fostered through town development, as many
ILC Laboratory personnel (domestic and international staff and facility users, as well as their families,etc.) will live in the vicinity of the campus.

vii.

Large-scale and continuous investment of resources (budget and human resources) is needed by thenational government to construct the experimental facilities and operate the ILC Laboratory, and forthe local governments and others to develop and maintain infrastructure such as town development
and access roads around the ILC campus.

It was concluded that, in order for a smooth and appropriate promotion of the project, it will be necessary
to implement the Strategic Environmental Assessment (“SEA”), which is to be conducted during thedecision-making process (strategic phase) up to the project implementation phase, prior to theenvironmental assessment by the project implementing body at the stage when the project plan takes its
shape (Project Phase Assessment). Based on this conclusion, this Summary of the Discussion focuses on
applying the concepts of SEA for the environmental assessment of the ILC. The perspective of sustainability,
which is gaining increasing attention globally, was considered. The Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic
Games were used in the discussions as a good example of SEA implementation in Japan.
In this Summary of Discussions, the first section outlines the progress of the ILC project, describing thehistory of the project and the anticipated transition of the project phases. The basic approach to theimplementation of the environmental assessment in the ILC project is presented in Sections 2 and 3,
outlining respectively the SEA and the Project Phase Assessment. As a supplement to the overview
presented in these sections, the key points of the implementation of the two assessments are listed inAppendix 1; the assessment items and concepts to be implemented in the SEA are given in Appendix 2; andthe significance and the key points of information exchange between the project implementing body andrelated parties, which is an important function of environmental assessment, are summarized in Appendix
3.
It will be extremely important to utilize this "Summary of the Discussions" in the promotion of the ILC

8

Established at KEK in 2014 to promote the ILC project. The Director General of KEK currently serves as the Office’s Director.

9

The ILC International Development Team (IDT) was established under ICFA to plan on the transition toward the Pre-Lab phase of the ILC.

-

February Meeting: https://icfa.fnal.gov/wp-content/uploads/ICFA_Statement_22Feb2020.pdf-

August Meeting: https://icfa.fnal.gov/wp-content/uploads/ICFA_IDT_Structure.pdf

4project for the environmental assessment process to proceed in a smooth and appropriate manner while
ensuring adequate interaction and collaboration with related parties and organizations.
Finally, the Board would like to express its gratitude to the research community and Iwate Prefecture forparticipating in the Board meetings as observers and providing valuable information and opinions regarding
the environmental assessment of ILC from their respective standpoints in preparing this Summary of
Discussions.
For the former, Prof. Satoru Yamashita, the University of Tokyo, shared information about the ILC site
evaluation studies done by the domestic research community, and for the latter, Mr. Jin Sawata, Director of
the ILC promotion Bureau of Iwate Prefecture, and Mr. Junichiro Okita, Chief of the same Bureau (both at
the time) shared information about environmental assessment of the ILC project in Iwate Prefecture. The
Board wishes to thank them for their inputs, which greatly contributed to the Board’s discussion,

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1.
The International Linear Collider (ILC) Project(a) Overview
The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a large-scale research facility which will accelerate electronsand positrons inside a 20-km-long linear accelerator to the world's highest energy for a head-on
collision, creating an energy state equivalent to that of the early universe just after the Big Bang. The
goal is to study the fundamental laws of the universe through the investigation of the elementary
particles created from the collisions.
Currently, the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) is playing a central role in the
study under international cooperation on the construction plan of the ILC based on the candidate sitein Japan.
The main facilities, the 20-km-long linear accelerator and detectors, will be installed in an undergroundtunnel, while the campus building of the ILC Laboratory and the electrical and mechanical equipment
for accelerator and detector operation will be installed above ground. Therefore, extensive construction
work will be carried out both underground and above ground.
The ILC will create an international city where a large number of researchers and their families bothin and out of the country will live continuously in and around the ILC campus throughout the expected
project lifetime until about 2060. Depending on the circumstances, the implementation period may
become longer due to the upgrading plan10.
The ILC Site Evaluation Committee11 assessed the candidate site for the ILC based on technical andsocio-environmental perspectives, and after an international review, the Kitakami site was evaluatedto be the best candidate site for the ILC. However, the government is yet to make deliberations
concerning the site.
Although the domestic and international research communities have proposed that Japan hosts the ILC,MEXT has not yet reached the decision regarding hosting the ILC in Japan.

(b) Stepwise transition of the ILC project phase
To address the issues pointed out in the SCJ Report (December 2018) and the MEXT’s View (March 2019),
KEK established the International Working Group on the ILC project12 in May 2019, inviting scientificexperts worldwide. Based the Working Group’s report on the project implementation from the viewpointsof the researchers, “Recommendations on ILC Project Implementations” 13 was published by KEK in
October of the same year.
As illustrated in Figure 1, the report envisions that the project will be phased in to the following four
periods: (1) pre-preparatory phase, (2) main preparatory phase, (3) construction phase, and (4) operation
phase. As mentioned in the “Introduction”, the transition from (1) pre-preparatory phase to (2) main
preparatory phase, i.e., the establishment of the ILC Pre-Lab, is currently under planning by IDT.
Pre-preparatory phase
・ The project is currently in this stage. An agreement among research institutions of major countries
will trigger the project transition into the next phase, the main preparatory phase.
Main preparatory phase (approx. 4 years)
・10

Depending on the results of the experiments at the 250 GeV ILC, an upgrade of the ILC accelerator could be conceived, such as increasing thebeam energy and/or the luminosity, in order to collect more collision data at higher energies.
11

The ILC Site Evaluation Committee was established in January 2013 under the ILC Strategy Council, which was set up by Japan Association ofHigh Energy Physicists (JAHEP) to discuss the direction and measures to be taken by the high energy physics community to promote the ILC
project. The purpose of the ILC Site Evaluation Committee was to evaluate the ILC candidate site based on scientific and academic merits under
the responsibility of the researchers.
12

https://www.kek.jp/en/newsroom/2019/05/21/1900/13

https://www.kek.jp/en/newsroom/2019/10/02/1000/

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・ As a first step of the transition into the main preparatory phase, the laboratories participating in
the ILC come to an agreement to participate in the activities of the main preparatory phase withthe consent of their respective governmental authorities.
・ The responsibilities of the Pre-Lab14 for advancing the ILC project in the main preparatory phase,including its establishment, mandate, and host laboratory, are to be specified in the above
agreement.
・ The Pre-Lab will address the technical tasks toward the construction of the ILC and support theinter-governmental negotiations toward an international agreement to begin construction of the
ILC (i.e., establishment of the ILC Laboratory).
・ The decision by the Japanese government on the site selection of the ILC is expected to be madeduring this phase.
Construction phase (approx. 9 years)
・ The ILC Laboratory is established as the official implementing body via an inter-governmental
agreement to begin construction of the ILC, and construction of the ILC begins with the sharingof resources among the participating partners.
Operation phase (presumed to be approx. 20 years)
・ The cost of operating the ILC accelerator is shared among the ILC member states.
・ Experiments are carried out by sharing funding under the framework of experimental
collaborations.

Agreement among labs tostart the main preparatory
phase (Establish Pre-Lab)

1. PrePreparatory
Phase
@IDT

Site selection
by Japanese
government

Inter-governmental
agreement to construct ILC(Establish ILC Laboratory)

2. Main Preparatory Phase(approx. 4 years)@Pre-Lab

3. Construction Phase(approx.9 years)@ILC Laboratory

Figure 1: Envisioned phases of the ILC project.

14

https://www2.kek.jp/ilc/en/docs/Recommendations_on_ILC_Project_Implementation.pdf (see 3.1 Introduction)

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4. Operation Phase(approx. 20 years presumed)@ILC Laboratory

2.
Basic Approach to Strategic Environmental Assessment in the ILC Project(a) Necessity of Strategic Environmental Assessment
The ILC project has the following characteristics:i.

The project is currently in the pre-preparatory phase, prior to the decision to host the ILC in Japan,
and the project implementing body has not been identified.

ii.

The project will be a long-term international collaborative project with a duration of more than 30
years from the start of preparation to the end of the experiment.

iii.

Large-scale construction work, both above and below ground, is to be carried out to set up theexperimental facilities, the ILC Laboratory campus, and other facilities.

iv.

The site of the experimental facility must avoid densely populated areas and the ground must be
solid.

v.

The maintenance and operation of the experimental facilities will consume a lot of electrical power.

vi.

A symbiotic relationship with local residents must be fostered through town development, as many
ILC Laboratory personnel (domestic and international staff and facility users, as well as theirfamilies, etc.) will live in the vicinity of the campus.

vii.

Large-scale and continuous investment of resources (budget and human resources) is needed by
the national government to construct the experimental facilities and operate the ILC Laboratory,
and for the local governments and others to develop and maintain infrastructure such as town
development and access roads around the ILC campus.

In view of such characteristics, it is desirable to adopt the Strategic Environmental Assessment (“SEA”) as
the environmental assessment for the ILC to ensure smooth and appropriate promotion of the project. The
SEA is to be conducted during the early phase (policy, planning, or program phase), prior to the Project
Phase Assessment, and covers socio-economic impact as well as environmental considerations.

(b) Outline of SEA Implementation
Project implementing body
The SEA is to be carried out by the body having the most complete knowledge of the project and the ability
to collect information from various sources. It is considered reasonable and adequate for KEK, which would
be the leading research institute if the ILC is to be constructed in Japan, to become the project implementing
body for SEA. By stipulating that KEK is the project implementing body of the SEA in the Pre-Lab
agreement, the legitimacy of KEK as the project implementing body will be ensured. It is appropriate for
KEK, as the project implementing body, to conduct the SEA in collaboration with relevant international
institutions, national and local governments, and domestic research institutions.
When to start
The SEA is to start after the establishment of the Pre-Lab in accordance with the memorandum of
understanding between the institutes to start the main preparatory phase. For the purpose of starting theconstruction as soon as possible, the SEA can be started prior to the establishment of the Pre-Lab, if therelated parties agree beforehand on KEK's role as the project implementing body of the SEA in the courseof the discussions.
Scope and evaluation items
The project as a whole (e.g., experimental facilities, the ILC Laboratory campus, and town development
around the campus) is to be included in the scope of the SEA. Matters related to socio-economic impacts
are to be included in evaluation items.
Utilization of results
The results of the SEA are to be tiered to the Project Phase Assessment.

8Collaboration with local governments
The SEA, in view of its scope, is to be implemented in cooperation with the local authorities.
The SEA process linked to the transition of the ILC project phases
The environmental assessment of the ILC project is expected to proceed in conjunction with milestones
such as the establishment of the Pre-Lab and the decision on the site by the Japanese government (seeFigure 2), and the process toward the start of SEA should proceed in the following manner. KEK will submit
the Summary of Discussions to the IDT after receiving it by the Board, which is then made public. As the
IDT develops the work plan to be carried out at the Pre-Lab during the main preparatory phase of the ILC,
it is expected that policy for conducting environmental assessment will be discussed by the IDT withreference to the recommendations in the Summary of Discussions. Based on the results of the IDT studies,
KEK will also obtain advice from experts to compile the “Approach to Environmental Assessment”, which
will be made public at an appropriate time.

Agreement amonglabs to start the main
preparatory phase(Establish Pre-Lab)

Major
Milestones

Phase Progression

Experimental
Facility

Site selection by
Japanesegovernment

SEA byKEK(Cooperati
on withlocal
authorities)

PublicnoticeTiering“Approach to Environmental
Assessment” by KEK

Publicnotice

Review of SEA by IDT

Proposal the Board’s approach to IDT
By KEK“Summary of the Discussion”
by the Advisory Board

Environmental Assessment Procedure

Town
Development andInfrastructure

3. Construction
4. Operation Phase
Phase(approx. 20 years)(approx.9 years)
＠ILC Lab
＠ILC Lab

2. Main Preparatory Phase(approx. 4 years)
＠Pre-Lab

1. Pre-preparatory Phase
@IDT

Town
Development andInfrastructure

Experimental
Facility

Inter-governmental
agreement to construct ILC(Establish ILC Laboratory)

1. Development Planning

2. Construction

Project Phase
Assessment by KEK(The results will betiered to the ILC Lab
when its
establishment)

Follow-up survey(during construction
and operation)
by ILC Laboratory

Project Phase
Assessment by local
authorities(If subject toassessment)

Follow-up survey
by local authorities

Public notice(including public
inspection)

Public notice(including public
inspection)

Figure 2: Procedure of Environmental Assessment for the ILC project.

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Public notice(including public
inspection)

(c) SEAs in the ILC Project: Evaluation Items and Implementation Procedures
Evaluation Items
The evaluation items for SEA need to be selected according to the goals of the SEA evaluation, taking into
account the characteritics of the ILC project and the site. For this purpose, as described in section 2(b)above, socio-economic items are included as well as environmental items. Examples of evaluation items
based on the characteristics of the ILC project are listed below. The evaluation items for the Tokyo 2020
Olympic and Paralympic Games, which introduced the SEA method, were used as a reference. (SeeAppendix 2 for the concept of each item.)
Environmental Items
Socio-Ecomomic Items

Main environment

Air, water quality and hydrosphere, soil and ground

Ecosystem

Biological growth and habitat, water cycle, organisms/ecosystems, greenery

Living environment

Noise, traffic congestion, vibration, odor, communication disruption (radio
interference), overshadowing, radiation

Amenities & culture

Landscape, nature activity sites, pedestrian comfort, historic and cultural sites

Resources & waste

Water use, waste, and ecomaterials (oil-free)Greenhouse gas

Greenhouse gas, energy

Land use

Land use, regional fragmentation and relocation

Social activities

Cultural activities

Participation & collaboration Communities, environmental awareness
Safety, sanitation, security

Safety, sanitation, fire and disaster prevention

Traffic

Traffic congestion, access to public transportation, road safety

Local industries

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries, commerce and industry, tourism

EconomyEconomic impact, employment

Table 1: Evaluation items based on the characteristics of the ILC project.
Implementation procedure
In April 2007, the Ministry of the Environment formulated and announced the “Guidelines for Strategic
Environmental Assessment”15,16 based on considerations for a common guideline for SEA. In order toaccumulate examples of implementation based on this guideline and to verify its effectiveness, the Ministry
encourages the relevant ministries and agencies to implement SEAs based on this guideline with regard to
initiatives in the stage of evaluation for items such as the project location and size. Based on this, it isdesirable to define the SEA implementation procedure for the ILC project with reference to this guideline,
as well as advice from experts

Information exchange during the SEA implementation process
Information exchange is an important function in environmental assessment. Timely and appropriate
information exchange is essential for smooth planning of the ILC project. (See Appendix 3 for the details
on the significance of information exchange and key points for implementation.)
Therefore, KEK, which would be the project implementing body of the SEA, will share information at
various stages of the assessment and exchange information in a timely and appropriate manner by receiving
information and opinions from various people responding to the shared information. Through theseinteractions, the environmental information possessed by various people will be utilized and a better action
plan with environmental considerations will be realized.

15

https://www.env.go.jp/press/files/jp/9431.pdf

16

https://www.env.go.jp/press/press.php?serial=8247

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3.
Project Phase Assessment and Follow-up Survey
1. Experimental Facility
i.

Project Phase Assessment
Necessity of Project Phase Assessment

It is foreseen that the ILC project is not subject to the Environmental Impact Assessment Act and Ordinance.
Despite this, it will be necessary to conduct the Project Phase Assessment in accordance with the laws andregulations, considering the fact that the project requires a large budget.
When to start
It should begin as soon as possible after the government’s site selection for the ILC. (See Figure 2)
Project implementing body
It is envisioned that the assessment will start after the site selection of the ILC. Since this will be during theMain Preparatory Phase, KEK will conduct the assessment based on the Pre-Lab agreement as is the casefor the SEA. After the ILC Laboratory is established, the results of the assessment will be tiered to the ILC
Laboratory. It should be confirmed in the inter-governmental agreement for the start of construction (theagreement to establish the ILC Laboratory) that the results of the Project Phase Assessment by KEK are to
be tiered as the assessment by the ILC Laboratory.
Implementation guideline
It is foreseen that the Project Phase Assessment of the ILC project is not a legal assessment. To ensure theobjectivity and appropriateness of the assessment, it will be conducted in accordance with theimplementation guidelines established by an official third party. In this case, the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), which is foreseen to be the ministry with jurisdiction
over KEK and the ILC project, is preferable as the body to formulate the implementation guidelines. A
similar case is “Expo 2005 Aichi” whose implementation body was the Japan Association for the 2005
World Exposition. In this case, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (now the Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry), which had jurisdiction over the event, defined the implementation
guidelines for the environmental impact assessment and requested the implementation body to conduct theassessment as a ministerial notification.
Tiering of the assessment results
In the inter-governmental agreement for the start of construction, it should be agreed that the results of the
SEA by KEK are to be tiered to the Project Phase Assessment by the ILC Laboratory.
ii.

Follow-up survey (experimental facility)

As a follow-up to the Project Phase Assessment, a follow-up survey should be conducted during both theconstruction and operation phases.

2. Project Phase Assessment and Follow-up on Town Development and Infrastructure
On the basis of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law or the ordinance of the local government, thenational/local government that will be the project implementation body should appropriately conduct the
Project Phase Assessment and follow-up survey as needed.

11Appendix 1: Summary Table for the Environmental Assessment for the ILC Project
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
When to start

To be started after the establishment of the Pre-Lab.

Project
implementing body

KEK, foreseen to be the host laboratory for the Pre-Lab, is preferable.

Scope

The entire project. (Experimental facilities, the ILC Laboratory, town development
and infrastructure around the campus.)

Evaluation items

Natural environment and socio-economic impact.

Use of results

The SEA results should be tiered to the Project Phase Assessment.

Collaboration withlocal authorities

In view of the SEA scope, it will be implemented in cooperation with the local
authorities where the project is sited.
Use the Ministry of the Environment’s “Guidelines for Strategic Environmental
Assessment” as a reference.
Refer to Japan Society for Impact Assessment’s “The Basics of Information
Exchange in Environmental Assessment” to incorporate appropriate environmental
considerations.

Procedure
Informationexchange

Project Phase Assessment and Follow-Up survey
Experimental Facility
When to start
To be started after the site selection by the Japanese government.
Project Phase Assessment

KEK, foreseen to be the host laboratory for the Pre-Lab, should take theProject
initiative. After the ILC Laboratory is established, the results of the assessment
implementing bodyby KEK are tiered to the ILC Laboratory.
Since the ILC project is foreseen to be not subject to legal assessment, it should
be carried out in accordance with the implementation guidelines established by
Implementationa public third party. In this case, MEXT, which is expected to be the ministry
guidelines
with jurisdiction over KEK and ILC, is the preferred body for defining theimplementation guidelines.
It should be agreed in the inter-governmental agreement for the start of ILC
Tiering of theconstruction that the SEA results by KEK are to be tiered to the Project Phase
results
Assessment by the ILC Laboratory.
As a follow-up to the Project Phase Assessment, follow-up surveys will be
Follow-up survey
conducted during both the construction and operation phases.

Town Development and Infrastructure
On the basis of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law or the ordinance of the local government, thenational/local government that will be the project implementation body should appropriately conduct the
Project Phase Assessment and follow-up survey as needed.

12Appendix 2: Evaluation Items and Approaches for the SEA in the ILC Project
Environ-mental Items

Items to minimize the negative environmental impact of the construction and operation of the ILC Laboratory andsurrounding facilities, to improve the environment, and to maintain and enhance the sustainability of the local andglobal environment.
(Note) From the perspective of sustainable use of the environment, the items on resources and radioactive materials
were also added.
Items aimed at ensuring that pollution of natural components of the environment, such as air, water,and soil, is at a level that does not adversely affect human health (residents, researchers and theirfamilies, etc.), the living environment, and the natural environment.
(Note) Bad odors, noise, and vibrations are considered to affect only the living environment due tothe characteristics of the region, and are handled in the living environment.
Predict the extent of air pollution from construction equipment, laboratory
Main environAir
equipment, vehicles, etc.
ment
Taking into account the characteristics of the project, the degree of water
Water/hydroshere
pollution, etc. and the impact on groundwater will be predicted.
Taking into account the characteristics of the project, the possibility of soil
Soil/groundcontaminant dispersion, topographic and geological alteration, and land
subsidence due to excavation work will be predicted.
Items aimed at maintaining and regenerating biodiversity and healthy ecosystems.
Biological growthand habitat

Predict the effects on the inorganic environmental infrastructure consisting of
topography and geology that supports ecosystems.

Predict the impact of rainwater on groundwater infiltration in terms of
maintaining and enhancing the natural water cycle.
Predict the impact on important plants, animals and biodiversity in terms ofOrganisms andmaintenance and regeneration of organisms and ecosystems that require
ecosystems
conservation.
Predict the impact on conservation of biodiversity, landscape and other diverse
functions, the amount of greenery that will contribute to the conservation andGreeneryrestoration of the environment (decrease due to logging and other factors andincrease due to greening).
Items to minimize disruption to the living environment of local residents.
Predict the impact from noise from construction vehicles, construction work,
Noiseand the operation of experimental facilities.
Congestion
Predict the impact of traffic congestion due construction vehicles.
Based on the characteristics of the project, predict the impact of vibration due
Vibration
to construction vehicles during the construction and due to the experimental
facilities during the operation.
Based on the characteristics of the project, predict the impact of bad odors due
Bad odors
to construction vehicles during the construction and due to the experimental
facilities during the opertion.
Communication
Predict the extent of communication disruption due to the construction anddisruption (radio
operation of experimental facilities.
interference)
Predict the obstruction of sunlight to the surrounding area due to theOvershadowing
constructed building and other factors.
Water cycle

Ecosystems

Living environment

Radiation

Amenities andcultureResources andwaste

Predict the amount of radiation generated by the operation of the ILC
accelerator and the necessary protection methods.

Items to create a comfortable and stately urban environment.
Predict the degree of obstruction to the current landscape and the degree ofcontribution to the formation of a beautiful and stately landscape (focusing
Landscapemainly on the amount of visible greenery and the current landscapeobstruction factors such as utility poles and advertisement signs).
Predict the extent of tangible impact (modification, disruption or creation of
Nature activity
new ones) on the nature activity sites (parks, green spaces, water bodies) andsites
the intangible impacts on the content of nature contact activities.
Historic andPredict the degree of impact on the protection, conservation and use of buried
cultural sites
cultural properties.
Items to promote the sustainable use of resources with the aim of creating a recycling-oriented
society.
Predict the extent of efforts and contributions to efficient water use, with a
Water use
focus on rainwater and recycled water use.

13

Predict the extent of efforts and contributions to reduce waste and promote
proper disposal (reduction in incineration and landfill) and proper disposal of
excavated soil.
Predict the extent of utilization of ecomaterials such as recycled resources andEcomaterials (oilthe resource conservation effects of such utilization in order to promote thefree)recycling of resources.
Predict the extent of greenhouse gas reductions in order to prevent global warming and achieve a
low-carbon society.
Predict the extent of greenhouse gas reductions and the effectiveness of
initiatives, with a focus on carbon dioxide.
Green-house
Greenhouse gas(Note: The effects of renewable energy and vehicle fuel measures are reflectedgas
in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.)
Predict the extent of energy use, which is a major source of greenhouse gases,
Energythe extent of renewable energy adoption, the extent of reduction, and theeffectiveness of efforts.
Items aimed at improving socio-economic sustainability, which is the basis for improving environmental sustainability.
Waste

Socio-economic items

Items aimed at avoiding impact on land use, which is the foundation of local residents’ livelihoodand economic activities, and to promote the effective use of the land.
Land use

Social activities

Participation
andcollaboration

Safety,sanitation, andsecurity

Transportation

Predict the impact on current land use, such as conversion of natural land, andthe extent of effective land use, such as the use of unused land.
Regional
Predict the extent of the disruption of living activity network (especiallyfragmentationpedestrian traffic network) as a result of constructing facilities, etc.
Predict the extent of relocation of residences, shops, etc. due to constructing
Relocation
facilities.
Items aimed at stimulating cultural activities
Predict the extent to which the ILC experimental facilities and influx ofCultural activity
researchers will have an impact (inhibiting and contributing) on the promotionof science and internationalization.
Items aimed at improving the community’s ability to improve the local environment and make it
more sustainable.
Predict participation in ILC-related cultural activities at local community units
Community
in terms of regeneration of local communities.
Environmental
Predict the extent of environmental awareness efforts and contributions
Awarenessthrough ILC as a basis for creating sustainable communities.
Items aimed at ensuring the safety of the ILC Laboratory site from disasters, safe and secure
movement, drinking water, etc. for ILC Laboratory staff and visitors, and the safety of the residentsof the surrounding area of the ILC Laboratory.
Predict the degree of safety from hazardous facilities for ILC construction
Safetysites and others. Predict the extent to which safe travel for all (barrier-free) is
ensured and the stability of the power supply to avoid power outages.
Predict the safety of food and drink, including the quality of drinking water
Sanitationand chemical residues in food.
Fire and disaster
Predict the degree of safety from fire, earthquake (earthquake resistance), andprevention
tsunami at the ILC Laboratory site.
Predict the degree of traffic congestion. Predict the local impact of increased
traffic. Predict traffic congestion within an 8 km radius, including the effect ofTraffic congestion
improving traffic flow by building road infrastruture and implementing traffic
management.
Accessibility to
Predict the accessibility of transportation for commuting ILC Laboratory staff
public transportand visitors.
Land use

Road safety

local industry

Agriculture,
forestry andfisheries
Commerce andindustry

Predict the degree to which safe travel (road safety) is ensured for all.
Predict the possibility of utilizing products.
Predict the potential of utilizing local commercial and industrial businesses.

Predict the likelihood of tourism to the surrounding area by the ILC
Laboratory staff, their families and visitors.
Items aimed at delivering economic impact by the ILC Laboratory.
Predict the degree and certainty of the economic impact from the ILC
Economic impact
Laboratory.
Predict the amount of job creation by the ILC Laboratory and the extent of its
Employment
social impact.
Tourism

Economy14

Appendix 3: Basic Concept of Information Exchange in Environmental Assessment
The following statements are taken from “‘Basics of Information Exchange in Environmental Assessment’to incorporate appropriate environmental considerations” (published by the Japan Society for Impact
Assessment, July 2014, Ver. 1.00).
SignificanceBy exchanging and utilizing information on the environment held by various people in thecourse of conducting environmental assessments, specific environmental issues and solutions
will be clarified.
How the information from various people is utilized for environmental considerations can beclarified.
The understanding of the project can be deepened through appropriate informationexchanges.
Information exchange will lead to more appropriate environmental protection. It will also
provide an opportunity for project implementor to present their environmental considerations.
The key to effective information exchange
Disclose the information about the project as much as possible so that specific environmental
issues can be identified.
Ensure relevant people can be involved in the information exchange considering thegeography, organization, and interests.
Communicate with a variety of people comprehensively so that they have a goodunderstanding of the project and can understand the information about the environment inwhich they are interested.
The project implementor should be amenable to the information provided by the people andact with flexibility.
Key points for implementation

The information on the project and its impact on the environment is to be published anddisseminated by the project implementor at various stages of the project, such as the planningstage, the design stage for the implementation of environmental assessment, and the stage
when surveys and evaluations have been compiled to some extent.
Public announcements and dissemination of information will be mainly done in the form of
documents, but briefings and the internet should be also used effectively.
Various people should attempt to successfully capture the information provided by the project
implementor and provide the information appropriately at each stage.
It is important for various people to take advantage of opportunities for information exchange
on a daily basis so that they can collect and provide information about the environment.
Mutual exchange of information is essential to ensure that the flow of information will not be
one direction.

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Reference A: Proposal to establish the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory
Board
August 28, 2019
Director of the ILC Planning Office
1. Establishment
The ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board (hereinafter as "the Board") will be established in the
Planning Office for the ILC of the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization.
2. Mandate
The Board will evaluate the environmental assessment study and methodology for the ILC construction
candidate site and make recommendations on plans for future efforts.
The Board will report to the Director of the Planning Office for the ILC on the results of the review
described in the preceding paragraph.
3. Organization
The Board will consist of two or more experts in environmental assessment.
4. Timeframe
The term of the Board members set forth in the preceding article will be from the date of appointment until
March 31, 2020. However, in the event of a vacancy, the term of office of the member filling the vacancy
will be the remaining term of office of his or her predecessor.
5. Chair
The Board will have a chair, who will be appointed by the Director of the Planning Office for the ILC fromamong the Board members.
6. Administration
The administration of the Board will be handled by the Planning Office for the ILC.
7. Others
The Board may require non-Board members to attend Board meetings as needed.
In addition to this provision, other necessary matters regarding the operation of the Board will be
determined by the Board.
The Board will be established from September 1, 2019 and will be terminated as of March 31, 2020.

16

Proposal to establish the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board
November 30, 2020
Director of the ILC Planning Office
1. Establishment
The ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board (hereinafter as "the Board") will be established in the
ILC Planning Office of the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization.
2. Mandate
The Board will evaluate the environmental assessment study and methodology for the ILC construction
candidate site and make recommendations on plans for future efforts.
The Board will report to the Director of the ILC Planning Office on the results of the review described in
the preceding paragraph.
3. Organization
The Board will consist of two or more experts in environmental assessment.
4. Chair
The Board will have a chair, who will be appointed by the Director of the ILC Planning Office from among
the Board members.
5. Termination
The Board will be terminated by the Director of the ILC Planning Office when its mandate has completed.
6. Administration
The administration of the Board will be handled by the ILC Planning Office.
7. Others
The Board may require non-Board members to attend Board meetings as needed.
In addition to this provision, other necessary matters regarding the operation of the Board will be
determined by the Board.
8. Supplementary noteThis proposal will be implemented from November 30, 2020 and will cease to be effective as of March 31,
2022.

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Reference B: Members of the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board
Tetsuro Uesugi

Senior Managing Director and Director of the Environmental Greenery
Research Laboratory, Hibiya Amenis Corporation

Shigeo Nishikizawa

Associate Professor, Faculty of Environment, Social Science andTechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Kenichiro Yanagi(Chair)Professor and Director of the Center for Environmental Law, School of Law,
Meiji University

18

Reference C: Meetings of the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board
The First Meeting of the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board
Date/Time

Wednesday, September 4, 2019, 15:00-17:00

Venue

Conference Room I, Fukuracia Tokyo Station

Agenda1.

Introduction of members

2.

Purpose and Objectives

3.

Background and efforts to date

4.

Discussion

5.

Future meetings

The Second Meeting of the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board
Date/Time

Monday, October 21, 2019, 9:00-12:00

Venue

Conference Room “Matsunoma”, Hotel Sunroute Ichinoseki, Iwate

Agenda1.

Background and effort to date2.

Discussion on “Summary of the Discussion”

3.

How to proceed in the future

The Third Meeting of the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board
Date/Time

Tuesday, November 26, 2019, 15:45-17:45

Venue

Conference Room G, Fukuracia Marunouchi Oazo, Tokyo

Agenda1.

Discussion on “Summary of the Discussion”

2.

Initial Environmental Assessment Items

3.

OthersThe Fourth Meeting of the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board
Date/Time

Monday, December 16, 2019, 14:00-16:00

Venue

Conference Room G, Fukuracia Marunouchi Oazo, Tokyo

Agenda1.

Discussion on “Summary of the Discussion”

2.

OthersThe Fifth Meeting of the ILC Environmental Assessment Advisory Board
Date/Time

Monday, November 30, 2020, 10:00-12:00

Venue

Online Meeting

Agenda1.

Discussion on “Summary of the Discussion”

19