INDONESIA
REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY
2021-2030

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation andForest Degradation, and the Role ofConservation, Sustainable Management ofForests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon
StocksINDONESIA
REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation,and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests
and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks

Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia
November 2022

INDONESIA
REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030
©2022 Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia

PUBLISHED BY:
Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia

The contents and materials in this document may be reproduced and disseminated ina manner that does not change the intended meaning of the contents. Permission toquote material from this document is granted if full attribution is provided.

EDITOR IN CHIEF:
Siti Nurbaya
MANAGING EDITOR:
Laksmi Dhewanthi
ASSOCIATE EDITORS:Emma Rachmawaty, Wahyu Marjaka, Syaiful Anwar, Sri Tantri Arundhati, Agus Rusly,
R. Basar Manullang
MAIN AUTHOR:
Nur Masripatin
CO-AUTHOR’S TEAM:
Endah Tri Kurniawati, Franky Zamzani, Budiharto, Irawan Asaad, Wawan Gunawan,
Radian Bagiono, Israr Albar, Hari Wibowo, Dinik Indrihastuti, Aditya Perdana Putra,
Anna Tosiani, Jaya Dharwiniar Cipta, Endah Riana Oktavia, Rully Dhora Carolyn,
Koko Wijanarka, Rizki Amelgia, Teguh Imansyah Martadijaya, Suyitno
CONTRIBUTORS:
Djoko Hendratto, R.A. Belinda Arunarwati Margono, Rizaldi Boer, Purwadi
Soeprihanto, Teddy Rusolono, Solichin Manuri

INDONESI A REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

FOREWORD

Role of forestry sector in Indonesia’s commitment to the Paris
Agreement has continuously increased since the adoption of
the agreement. In both NDC and LTS – LCCR 2050, Forestry
and Other Land Uses (FOLU) sector has set an ambitious
target through a transformation from net emitter to net-sink in
2030. Among mitigation actions in forestry, REDD+ plays animportant role in achieving NDC and FOLU net-sink targets.
With forest areas of about 64 percent of the country land
territory, Indonesia will continue to play a central role in global effort to fight against
climate change impacts. At the national level, forestry is important not only for
mitigation but also for adaptation.
Through REDD+, there exist wide ranging opportunities to enhance synergy among
three Rio Conventions, namely UNFCCC, CBD, and UNCCD. As a country that ratifies
the three Rio Conventions, Indonesia is in the advantageous position to strengthensynergy in the implementation of these Conventions.
Despite REDD+ huge potential in Indonesia, its implementation is challenging
institutionally and methodologically. Indonesia has addressed these challenges,
including through establishment of BPDLH, putting into effect regulatory measures
which support REDD+ implementation, and continuous improvement ofmethodological infrastructure, such as NFMS-MRV systems, SRN, SIS, and others.
This REDD+ National Strategy is meant to guide the implementation of REDD+ in thecontext of achieving NDC target and FOLU net-sink 2030, with intended users bothnational stakeholders as well as international partners supporting REDD+, taking into
account relevant COP decisions on REDD+ (including Warsaw Framework) and theParis Agreement. With this Strategy, it is expected that REDD+ implementation will beable to generate both national and global benefits. Furthermore, REDD+ should also
be used as a vehicle to safeguard the consistency among climate-related initiatives
within the sector and with other related sectors.
Lastly, I would like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to those who
contribute in various ways to the completion of this document.

Dr. Siti Nurbaya
Minister of Environment and Forestry

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

i

PREFACE
Indonesia had gradually progressed in REDD+ implementationfrom readiness, transition, and has entered the full
implementation since 2014. With a long history of engagementin REDD+ negotiation at the international level and theimplementation at the national level, Indonesia has shown theability to achieve REDD+ objectives.
From the past few years, Indonesia has received commitment
on REDD+ RBP, namely GCF and Norway for pre-2020 results,
FCPF Carbon Fund and BioCF-ISFL for results between 2019 - 2024 and 2021- 2025
respectively.
As the guidance for both national stakeholders and international partners providing
REDD+ supports, the National Strategy consists of substantive elements from
historical background, vision and missions to be achieved, strategy pillars anddirections for the strategy implementation. The strategy pillars which comprise ofstrengthening REDD+ architecture and institution, managing REDD+ implementation,
paradigm shift, and stakeholder engagement and benefit sharing, are the basis fordetermining directions for the strategy implementation.
With the release of this REDD+ National Strategy, it is expected that REDD+ in
Indonesia can be implemented more effectively and that contributes meaningfully tothe achievement of NDC target, FOLU net-sink 2030 and other national and global
goals.
I thank all those who have made the completion of this document possible.

Ir. Laksmi Dhewanthi, MA, IPU
Director General of Climate Change

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

ii

CONTENTS
FOREWORD ............................................................................................................. i
PREFACE .................................................................................................................. ii
CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. iii
TABLES .................................................................................................................... iv
FIGURES .................................................................................................................. v
ABBREVIATION, ACRONYM, AND GLOSSARY ..................................................... vii
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Background ................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Process ....................................................................................................... 2
1.3. Document Structure ..................................................................................... 3
2. VISION, MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE.................................................. 4
2.1. Vision........................................................................................................... 4
2.2. Missions ...................................................................................................... 4
2.3. Objective ..................................................................................................... 4
2.4. Scope .......................................................................................................... 4
3. STRATEGY PILLARS .......................................................................................... 8
3.1. Strengthening REDD+ Architecture and Institution ....................................... 8
3.1.1. Forest Reference Emissions Level (FREL)/
Forest Reference Level (FRL) .................................................................. 9
3.1.2 National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) and Measuring, Reporting andVerifying (MRV) ..................................................................................... 12
3.1.3. Safeguards and Safeguards Information System (SIS) ........................... 14
3.1.4. REDD+ Finance and Finance Institution ................................................. 17
3.1.5. National Registry System (Id. Sistem Registri Nasional/SRN) ................. 19
3.1.6. REDD+ Institution and Governance ........................................................ 20
3.2. Managing REDD+ Implementation ............................................................. 25
3.3. Paradigm Shift in the New Normal ............................................................. 30
3.4. Stakeholder Engagement and Benefit Sharing ........................................... 30
4. DIRECTION FOR REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION ........... 32
5. CLOSING REMARKS......................................................................................... 39

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

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TABLES
Table 1. Key Elements of First and Second National FREL ..................................... 10
Table 2. Direction for REDD+ National Strategy Implementation ............................. 32

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

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FIGURES
Figure 1. Indonesia Framework for REDD+ .............................................................. 5
Figure 2. Strategy Pillars and Their Elements .......................................................... 8
Figure 3. Development of REDD+ Implementation in Indonesia Based on COP
Decision No.1/ CP. 16 ............................................................................. 20
Figure 4. Substantive Elements of PERMEN LHK No. P. 70/2017 on REDD+ ....... 21

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030v

BOX
Box 1. Managing REDD+ Implementation ................................................................ 25

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

vi

ABBREVIATION, ACRONYM, AND GLOSSARY
AGB
APBN
APPS
BGB
BioCF – ISFLBPDLH/IEF
CBIT
CO2
N2O
DW
ENR
FCPF-CF
FOLU
FREL
FRL
GCF
GEF
GHGs
KPH/FMU
LTS – LCCR
MHA
MoEF
MRV
NDC
NEK
NFMS
PCI
PERMEN LHKPERPRESRAP-REDD+
RBP/rbp: Above Ground Biomass: Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara as known State
Budget: Alat Penilai Pelaksanaan Safeguards as known Safeguards
Implementation Assessment Tool
: Below Ground Biomass: BioCarbon Fund - Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscape: Badan Pengelola Dana Lingkungan Hidup, as known
Indonesia Environmental Fund
: Capacity Building Initiatives for Transparency: Carbon Dioxide: Nitrous Oxide: Dead Wood
: Enhancement of Natural Regeneration: Forest Carbon Partnership Facility – Carbon Fund
: Forestry and Other Land Uses
: Forest Reference Emissions Level: Forest Reference Level: Green Climate Fund
: Global Environment Fund: Green House Gasses: Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan, as known Forest Management
Unit: Long Term Strategy for Low Carbon and Climate Resilience: Masyarakat Hukum Adat
: Ministry of Environment and Forestry: Measuring, Reporting, Verifying: Nationally Determined Contribution: Nilai Ekonomi Karbon (Carbon Pricing): National Forest Monitoring System: Principles, Criteria and Indicators: Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan(Ministerial Regulation of Environment and Forestry): Peraturan Presiden (Presidential Regulation): Rencana Aksi Provinsi REDD+ (Provincial Action Plan for
REDD+): Result Based Payment (national scale or level)/result based
payment (sub-national scale/level)

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

vii

REDD+SRN: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation, Role of Conservation, Sustainable Managementof Forest and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks: Sistem Informasi Safeguards/Safeguards Information System
or System for Providing information on how Cancun
Safeguards for REDD+ are Addressed and Respected: Sistem Registri Nasional (National Registry System)STRANAS REDD+: Strategi Nasional REDD+ (National Strategy for REDD+)

TAT: Technical Assessment Team

VER
WPK

: Verified Emission Reduction: Wilayah Pengukuran Kinerja (Performance Assessment Areas)

SIS

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

viii

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. BackgroundIndonesia’s commitment to contribute to the global temperature goal under the Paris
Agreement has been reflected in its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 20212030 and Long-Term Strategy for Low Carbon and Climate Resilience (LTS – LCCR
2050) with forestry and land uses to reach net-sink in 2030 (Indonesia’s FOLU NetSink 2030). Nearly 97.2 % of the NDC target comes from forest and land and energy
sectors, while the remaining 0.8 % is shared by agriculture, industrial process andproduct use (IPPU) and waste sectors.
The First NDC (2016) has set very ambitious target in forestry sector. Among the 29% up to 41 % emission reduction target in 2030, forestry contributes 17.2 % to 23 %.
The ambitious target has been set up particularly on rehabilitation of degraded forest
and land (12 million ha) and peatland restoration (2 million ha), along with protectionof the remaining natural forest through REDD+ and sustainable plantation forests. The
enhanced NDC (2022) has increased the national target on emission reduction from29 % to 31.89 % unconditionally and from 41 % to 43.20 % conditionally. Among thesetargets, forestry and land use contribute 17.4 % to 25.4% by enhancing land
rehabilitation (afforestation, reforestation, rehabilitation) and peat water management.
A road map has been developed for implementing the NDC with six main strategies toreduce emission from forest and land use sectors as follows : (i) improvement of forest
resources management through establishment and operationalization of Kesatuan
Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH), known as Forest Management Unit (FMU) for all forest
areas; (ii) strengthening sustainable practices in production forest management; (iii)
reduction of dependency to natural forests in meeting the demand for timber byexpediting development of industrial and community-based plantation forest and theuse of timber from estate crops; (iv) reduction of pressure to natural forests in meetingthe need of agricultural development by optimizing spatial planning, the use of unproductive land, increase productivity and intensity of plantation; (v) conservation andenhancement of forest carbon stocks through ecosystem restoration of production
forests, rehabilitation of degraded land and moratorium of new permit on peatlands as

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

1

well as improvement of peat land management system; and (vi) acceleration of
adoption of low carbon technology.
REDD+ plays a strategic role in achieving Indonesia’s NDC target from forestry sector.
The Cancun Agreement (Decision 1/CP. 16) enables developing countries toundertake, based on their national circumstances, capacities, and capabilities, as wellas the level of support received, the following activities: (a) reducing emissions fromdeforestation, (b) reducing emissions from forest degradation, (c) Conservation offorest carbon stocks, (d) Sustainable management of forests, and (e) enhancement offorest carbon stocks. Therefore, scope of REDD+ activities will vary among countries
and at the national level can be dynamic overtime, depending on the activities which
are included in the establishment of Forest Reference Emissions Level (FREL) / Forest
Reference Level (FRL) at the first period and its revisions in subsequent periods.
With a long history of involvement in REDD+ negotiations and other related processes
at the international level and its implementation at the national level, Indonesia has
rapidly progressed with REDD+ implementation from readiness, transition, to full
implementation since 2015.
Along with the adoption of the Paris Agreement with NDC commitment, the progressof REDD+ implementation, changes in institutional setting and the strategic role of
REDD+ in achieving NDC target from forestry sector, the existing National Strategy
for REDD+ was reviewed as departing point for developing the REDD+ National
Strategy 2021-2030. Furthermore, in line with LTS – LCCR 2050 which set a target toachieve net-sink in forestry and land uses in 2030 (FOLU net-sink 2030), REDD+
National Strategy 2021-2030 should also support the achievement of this target.

1.2. Process
Development of the National Strategy for REDD+ 2021-2030 has been initiated since
early 2020, by carrying out review to the REDD+ National Strategy (2012). The review
focused on the progress of the strategy implementation, taking into account thechanges in institutional arrangement for REDD+ since 2014, and policy focus inforestry sector. The review outcomes were considered in defining scope of REDD+
National Strategy 2021-2030, strategy pillars and elements to be included in eachstrategy pillar.

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

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Series of FGD have been carried out since the process started in 2020, however, theCovid-19 pandemic has affected the management of the process of the developmentof the REDD+ National Strategy. Prior to the finalization of the REDD+ National
Strategy, a stakeholder consultation was carried out, inviting government institutions
at national and sub national levels, private sectors, CSOs, universities, research
institutions, partner countries and institutions.

1.3. Document Structure
The National Strategy for REDD+ consists of three main Chapters as follows:
Chapter 1 Informs the background of REDD+, process and structure of Indonesia
REDD+ National Strategy 2021- 2030.
Chapter 2 explains briefly the vision which direct the mission to the goal; mission andobjectives to be achieved; and scope of REDD+ activities.
Chapter 3 provides details on four strategy pillars, starting from strengthening REDD+
architecture and institutions; managing REDD+ implementation; paradigm shift in the
new normal; to stakeholder engagement and benefit sharing. Strengthening REDD+
architecture covers FREL/FRL, National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) andMeasuring, Reporting and Verifying (MRV), safeguards and Safeguards Information
System (SIS), REDD+ finance and finance institution, National Registry System(SRN), and REDD+ institution and governance.
Chapter 4 elaborates direction of the strategy implementation which covers four
strategy pillars/programmes with description on actions to be taken in each phase andstrategy pillar.

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

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2. VISION, MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE
2.1. Vision
Sustainable management of forest and land to achieve NDC target in Forestry sector
by 2030.

2.2. Missions•

Enhancing sustainable practices and law enforcement and compliance in forest
and land use sector.

•

Strengthening REDD+ architecture and SRN.

•

Strengthening forest and land governance.

•

Improving livelihood of forest dependent people.

2.3. Objective
Achieving FOLU net-sink 2030 target and providing a strong basis for maintaining its
increasing trend after 2030 to contribute to low carbon and climate resilience in 2050
and net-zero emissions in 2060 or sooner, with a view to complement the efforts
towards sustainable, inclusive, just and more equitable Covid-19 recovery, and climate
resilient future.

2.4. Scope
REDD+ Indonesia covers all territory, known with national approach and sub-national
implementation. Indonesia framework for REDD+ encompasses four interlinked
elements, namely: (i) architecture, (ii) Means of Implementation (MoI), (iii) institution,
regulation and system, and (iv) implementation (see Figure 1).

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

4

NATIONAL STRATEGY/Action Plan,
FREL/FRL, NFMS-MRV, SIS

ARCHITECTURE• Forest cover-based (forest
and non-forest areas),• All forest functions(conservation, protection
production, others),• Government (national/subnational), private sectors,
communities.

IMPLEMENTA-TION

International Guidance :Warsaw Framework andother COP decisions on REDD+

REDD+
INSTITUTION,REGULATION,SYSTEM

MOI

Finance, Technology,
Capacity Building

Inst : MoEF, BPDLH, Province
Reg : e.g. Perpres 98/2021,
Permen LHK P 70/2017,
Permen LHK 21/2022
Syst : National Registry System(SRN)

NM 2022

Figure 1. Indonesia Framework for REDD+

REDD+ architecture: The Cancun Agreement (Decision 1/CP. 16) requires, in thecontext of provision of support, the following REDD+ architecture need to be in place:
National strategy/action plan, FREL/FRL, NFMS – MRV, and system for providing
information on how safeguards are addressed and respected (SIS), for REDD+
implementation.
Implementation: REDD+ implementation is forest-cover based and includes forest
areas in all forest functions (conservation, protection, production) and non-forest areas(Id. APL/areal penggunaan lain). Government at national and sub-national levels,
private sectors, communities, and other stakeholders play key roles in theimplementation of REDD+.
Means of implementation (MoI): at the current stage of REDD+ implementation, MoI
covers finance in the form of Result Based Payments (RBP) and others from various
sources; technical and technological support, and capacity building both humanresources and institutions.
Institution, regulation and system: Institution includes Ministry of Environment andForestry (MoEF) as the responsible institution for REDD+ in Indonesia, with support

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

5

of Badan Pengelola Dana Lingkungan Hidup (BPDLH), known as Indonesia
Environmental Fund (IEF) as the responsible institution for managing environment
fund including REDD+, while the provincial government is the coordinating institution
in REDD+ implementation at the sub-national level. Existing regulations which guide
REDD+ implementation include Presidential Regulation on Carbon Pricing(PERPRES No. 98/2021) and Ministerial Regulation on REDD+ (PERMEN LHK No.
P 70/2017). The SRN plays roles as the backbone for transparency framework in
climate change related actions and supports including REDD+ in Indonesia.
In terms of scope of REDD+ activities, the Cancun Agreement (Decision 1/CP. 16 1)
as has been reflected in PERMEN LHK No. P 70/2017 is the guidance for defining thescope of activities to be included in the establishment of FREL/FRL as the benchmark
to measure carbon-based results of REDD+ activities. The REDD+ activities
encompass:(i)

reducing emissions from deforestation.

(ii) reducing emissions from forest degradation.
(iii) conservation of forest carbon stocks.
(iv) sustainable management of forest.
(v) enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
Taking into account technical and methodological requirements for establishing
FREL/FRL, national context and priorities, capacities, and capabilities, additional
activities can be included such as peat decomposition in Indonesia’s First FREL
document. Similarly, separation/combination/integration of activities can also be done,for example, integration of conservation of forest carbon stocks into reducing
emissions from deforestation; and sustainable management of forest into reducing
emissions from forest degradation.
Beyond activities which directly generate emission reduction/removals, the following
enabling activities are needed for successful REDD+ implementation in Indonesia:

1

Decision 1/CP.16. The Cancun Agreement : Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative
Action under the Convention, Section C. Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing emissions
from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, and the role of conservation, sustainable management offorests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries.

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

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(i)

enhancing human resources and institutional capacities.

(ii) strengthening policies and REDD+ architecture.
(iii) research and development,(iv) other enabling conditions.
Indonesia has defined non-carbon benefits (NCBs) to be considered in REDD+
implementation which may increase the value of carbon in RBP of REDD+, as follows:(i)conservation of biological diversity.

(ii)

protection of hydrological function(iii)

protection of ecological function(iv)

improved livelihood(v)

improved forest and land governance(vi)

protection of essential ecosystem.

Along with the progress in the implementation of REDD+ and other relevant forest andland-use climate actions, other potential NCBs will be explored.

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

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3. STRATEGY PILLARS
Four strategy pillars were defined in order to achieve REDD+ objective (Figure 2). The
four pillars are interlinked and collectively determine the success of REDD+
implementation in Indonesia. Strengthened REDD+ architecture and institution willshow the level of credibility of REDD+, supported by sound management of REDD+
implementation. Furthermore, substantial paradigm shift and effective stakeholder
engagement will contribute to effectual operationalization of other pillars.

Figure 2. Strategy Pillars and Their Elements

3.1. Strengthening REDD+ Architecture and Institution
Under the Cancun Agreement, as stated in earlier section, developing country aims to
implement REDD+ needs to develop the following elements: (1) A national strategy or
action plan; (2) FREL and/or FRL; (3) A robust and transparent national forest
monitoring system for the monitoring and reporting REDD+ activities; and (4) A systemfor providing information on how safeguards are addressed and respected (SIS).

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

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Indonesia has developed REDD+ architecture, consisting of the above four elements(National Strategy, FREL, NFMS, SIS), finance, and SRN as well as REDD+ institution
and governance.

3.1.1. Forest Reference Emissions Level (FREL)/Forest Reference Level (FRL)
A national FREL and/or FRL is one among four elements to be developed by REDD+
country as mandated by the Cancun Agreement. Technical and methodologicalrequirements for the construction, submission and technical assessment of FREL/FRL
for REDD+2 influence the decision on scope of REDD+ activities to be implemented incertain period, for example:(a) in FREL/FRL construction: the need to take into account historical data andensure consistency with forest-related (Green House Gasses) GHGs emissions
by sources and removals by sinks in the national inventory data,(b) in FREL/FRL submission: the need to provide complete, consistent, andaccurate information in a transparent manner on the data, methodology, pooland gases used to construct FREL/FRL, and relevant policy aspects;(c) in technical assessment of FREL/FRL: the need to ensure the consistency
between data, methodology, and procedures which are used in the constructionof FREL/FRL and information provided in the submitted FREL/FRL to the
UNFCCC Secretariat with the guidance under Decision 12/CP.173.
Based on Decision 12/CP.174 FREL/FRL is the benchmarks for assessing eachcountry’s performance in implementing REDD+. The Cancun Agreement (Decision
1/CP. 16) enables developing countries to undertake REDD+, based on their national
circumstances, capacities, and capabilities. Therefore, scope of REDD+ activities will
be vary among countries and at the national level can be dynamic overtime, depending

2 COP decisions on FREL (Decision 12/CP. 17 Chapter 2 : modalities for forest reference emission levels andforest reference levels) and its Annex; Decision 13/CP. 19 ‘Guidelines and procedures for the technicalassessment of submission from Parties on proposed forest reference emission level and/or forest reference
level.
3 Decision 12/CP. 17 ‘Guidance on systems for providing information on how safeguards are addressed andrespected and modalities relating to forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels as referred to indecision 1/CP.16 Chapter II (modalities for forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels) and its
Annex.
4

Decision 12/CP. 17. Guidance on systems for providing information on how safeguards are addressed and respected andmodalities relating to forest reference emission levels and/or forest reference levels as refer to in decision 1/CP.16.

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

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on the activities which are included in the establishment of FREL/FRL at the first period
and in subsequent periods.
The First National FREL was established and submitted to Secretariat of UNFCCC in
20155 and completed technical assessment process by UNFCCC Technical
Assessment Team (TAT) in 20166. In line with modalities for FREL/FRL7, the First
National FREL was updated. Second National FREL was submitted in early 2022 andis expected to complete technical assessment process by the end of 2022. The
Second National FREL considered knowledge development, improved methodology
and modified scope of activities. Comparison on some key elements of the First andSecond National FREL can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1. Key Elements of First and Second National FRELKEY ELEMENTS

FIRST FREL

Reference period
Emission estimation
Scope of activities

1990 - 20122006 - 2020
Historical emission
Historical emission• Reducing emissions• Reducing emissions
from deforestationfrom deforestation• Reducing emissions• Reducing emissions
from forest degradationfrom forest degradation• Enhancement of forest
carbon stocks

Methods for calculation ofemission reduction

Carbon stock differencewith gross emissions for
reduced deforestation

Carbon stock differencewith net emissions for
reduced deforestationand net removals forenhanced forest carbon
stocksPool and Gas• Pool: Above Ground
Biomass (AGB) for all
natural forests, soil
carbon for peatland• Gas: CO2

Approach for Uncertainty
calculation
Projection period

Tier 1 (error propagation)

Pool: AGB, Below
Ground Biomass (BGB),
Dead Wood (DW), litter,soil carbon for peatland
and mangrove
Gas: CO2 , CH4 and N2O
Tier 2 (Montecarlo
simulation)
2021-2030

2013-2020

SECOND FREL

5 FREL document: www.unfccc.int
6 Report of Technical Assessment: www.unfccc.int
7

Decision 12/CP.17, Section II. Modalities for forest reference emission level and forest reference level.

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

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Along with the advancement of knowledge, methodology, data availability, national
FREL/FRL will continue to be updated periodically. Within the time frame up to 2030,
the consecutive national FREL/FRL will be developed, including consideration to
expand further the scope of REDD+ activities and carbon pools.
Depending on actions to be taken in reducing forest degradation and sustainable
forest management, it is possible that reducing emissions through sustainable forest
management which currently falls under category of reducing emissions from forest
degradation could be as a separate category. Similarly, conservation of forest carbon
stocks under existing REDD+ activities is included in reducing emissions fromdeforestation and forest degradation.
Categorization of REDD+ activities under the Cancun Agreement allows flexibility to
be implemented in the context of mitigation actions in forestry and land use in both
NDC8 Road Map and FOLU-Net Sink 2030. Hence, there will be possible dynamics inscope of REDD+ activities to be included in FREL/FRL construction. For example,
there will be opportunity in future FREL/FRL construction to define natural forest under‘conservation of forest carbon stocks’ rather than under deforestation and forest
degradation, similarly for sustainable management of forest.
Along with Enhanced NDC (ENDC) and FOLU net-sink 2030 target, enhancement offorest carbon stocks has significant potential for future REDD+ in Indonesia throughforest and land rehabilitation. The NDC Road Map defines two types of forest and land
rehabilitation namely rehabilitation with rotation (for production function) andrehabilitation without rotation (for protection/conservation function) including
revegetation of degraded peatland. These two activities can be the candidate forenhancement of forest carbon stocks under REDD+. Furthermore, peat water
management as included in ENDC can be a potential activity for emission
reduction/avoidance under REDD+.
In order to operationalize Indonesia’s policy on REDD+ with national approach andsub-national implementation, the national FREL/FRL may be disaggregated into sub-8 Notes: in this context NDC reflects both First NDC and Updated NDC as both NDC have the same emission

reduction target.

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national (in this case provincial) level FREL/FRL. The disaggregated FREL/FRL isparticularly important as the benchmark for measuring provincial level contribution to
the national scale REDD+ performance which receive RBP. At the later stage, verified
performance will be the basis for determining incentive to be given to the province.
Sub-national/provincial

FREL/FRL

may

also

be

constructed

for

REDD+

implementation in the respective Province/sub-national authority with different scopeof activities, carbon pool, and reference period, in line with national guidelines for subnational FREL/FRL construction.

3.1.2 National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) and Measuring, Reporting andVerifying (MRV)
Cancun Agreement requires a robust and transparent NFMS for monitoring andreporting REDD+ activities. NFMS in Indonesia has long been established andimproved overtime. The NFMS serves a broad range of forest monitoring, including
forest resources (timber and non-timber), biomass, forest and land cover, forest coverchange, deforestation, and de-vegetation. The NFMS9 also serves as an information
system or spatial-based application in SIGAP (National Geospatial Information
Network Hub10). The system is also equipped with deforestation alert tool (devegetation) which allow early response to forest and land cover change indication.
Improvement of forest cover and forest cover change data to meet the principles oftransparency, accuracy, completeness, consistency, and comparability, is ongoing,
including uncertainty analysis on forest cover and forest cover changes data as well
as forest inventory results. The improvement is carried out using step-wise approachbased on the existing system.
Further improvement of forest cover and forest cover change data will be carried out
along with the development in technological and methodological aspects as well as
future needs, including extension of forest cover classification, where appropriate, tosupport expansion of scope of REDD+ activities.

9 https :// nfms.menlhk.go.id
10 https ://webgis.menlhk.go.id

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Warsaw Framework requires MRV emissions/removals/forest carbon stocks/forest
carbon stocks and forest area changes as a result of REDD+ activities to be consistent
with methodological guidance under Decision 4/CP.1511. Under the Decision 4/CP.
15, measurement which is supported by the NFMS should use a combination between
remote sensing and ground-based forest carbon inventory approaches in estimating
emissions/removals/forest carbon stocks and forest area changes. The estimatesshould meet the principles of transparency, consistency, accurate, and reduced
uncertainty. Reporting result of measurement of emissions/removals/forest carbon
stocks/forest carbon stocks and forest area changes from REDD+ activities against
FREL/FRL, for obtaining RBP, should be included in Technical Annex of Biennial
Update Report (BUR) with guidelines as in Annex of Decision 14/CP.19. The Firstand Second Technical Annex which reflect REDD+ results nation-wide from 20142017 and from 2018-2020 respectively are included in the Second BUR (2019)12 andThird BUR (2021)13.
The ongoing improvement in measuring/estimating and reporting emissions/removals/forest carbon stocks/forest carbon stocks and forest area changes from
REDD+ activities and the NFMS which support these measuring and reporting is
intended particularly to improve transparency, accuracy, completeness, consistency,
and comparability.
Taking into account the progress of FREL/FRL, NFMS, and MRV development,
lessons from technical assessment of the First FREL and Second FREL and technicalanalysis to the first REDD+ result (technical annex of the 2nd BUR and 3rd BUR), also
anticipate the future needs including the extension of scope of REDD+ activities,alignment of REDD+ with FOLU Net sink target 2030, further improvement will bedone, inter alia, in the following elements:(i)emission factors: including enhance development of site-specific emission
factors;

11

Decision 4/CP.15. Methodological guidance for activities relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks indeveloping countries.
12 Indonesia Second Biennial Update Report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change, DGCC – MoEF (2018) : http://www.ditjenppi.menlhk.go.id
13 Indonesia Third Biennial Update Report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,
DGCC – MoEF (2021) : http://www.ditjenppi.menlhk.go.id

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

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(ii)

methodology: improvement to support measurement/monitoring of forest cover,forest cover change and its associated carbon stocks;(iii)

reporting: strengthening reporting at national and sub-national levels; and(iv) verification: strengthening verification, consistent with verification of national
mitigation action.
Remote-sensing based measuring/monitoring will continue to be enhanced to support
reporting purposes both for national and international reporting. Implementation of theexisting guidance for measuring/monitoring, reporting and verification need to bereviewed periodically to identify gaps and needs for improvement of the guidance aswell as human resources and institutional capacity.
MRV for non-carbon benefits (NCBs)
The existing NCBs need to be further elaborated, including the development of criteria
and indicator for assessing the NCBs provision in REDD+ implementation.
Furthermore, along with experiences in implementing adaptation including throughclimate village programme (PROKLIM), adaptation to climate change including
PROKLIM in/surrounding forests is considered to be a potential NCBs in REDD+
implementation. In order to measure/monitor, report, and verify the NCBs which may
be delivered in REDD+ implementation, criteria and indicators for NCBs assessment
will be developed during the implementation of this national strategy.

3.1.3. Safeguards and Safeguards Information System (SIS)
Safeguards and SIS and other elements of REDD+ architecture are integral part of thenational regulation for REDD+ implementation 14. Taking into account the Cancun
Agreement (Decision1/CP.16, Part C) and Decision 12/CP. 17, the REDD+
safeguards policy is described in seven following principles which reflect the seven
Cancun safeguards and national regulatory framework as well as related safeguards
practices:
1. Principle 1. Legal compliance and consistency with national forest programmes.
REDD+ activities shall comply with government regulations and nationally ratified

14 PERMEN LHK No. P 70/2017 (Article 14 on SIS-REDD+ and Article 13 on SRN).

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

14

international conventions/agreements and shall be consistent with the objectives ofnational forest programmes.
2. Principle 2. Transparency and effectiveness of national forest governance.
REDD+ activities at all scales and contexts shall contribute to transparent andeffective forest governance in accordance with national sovereignty.
3. Principle 3. Rights of indigenous people and local communities (masyarakat
hukum adat/MHA dan masyarakat lokal).
REDD+ activities shall respect indigenous people and local communities’ rights
through actions appropriate to the scale and context of implementation.
4. Principle 4. Effectiveness of stakeholder participation.
REDD+ activities shall be based on proactive and transparent identification of
relevant stakeholders, and the engagement of them in planning and monitoringprocesses, with an increasing level of intensity from national level to site level
scales.
5. Principle 5. Conservation of biodiversity, social and environmental services.
REDD+ activities will include effective strategies that maintain, conserve or restore
biodiversity and ecosystem services for social and environmental benefits.
6. Principle 6. Reducing risk of reversals.
REDD+ activities shall seek to reduce risks of reversals through means appropriate
to the scale and context, emphasizing sub-national action and national level policy
initiatives.
7. Principle 7. Reduction of emissions displacement.

Recognizing that monitoring and reduction of emissions displacement is the
responsibility of sub-national (KPH, district, province) and national government,
REDD+ activities shall include strategies to reduce displacement of emissions andsupport sub-national and national monitoring.
The seven safeguard principles are elaborated further into 17 criteria and 32 indicators(Principles, Criteria and Indicators/PCI), and assessment tools for safeguards
implementation (Alat Penilai Pelaksanaan Safeguards/APPS). Detail explanation on
the PCI, APPS, institutional arrangement and flow of information on safeguards
implementation, the process of their development and other related aspects can be

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

15

seen in Safeguards Information System for REDD+ in Indonesia: moving towards an
Operational SIS-REDD+ (DGCC, 2016)15.
Currently there are a number of existing safeguards and safeguards related
instruments applied to forestry and other land-based sectors for different purposes,
including safeguards instruments applied to REDD+ at the jurisdictional and projectlevels. For the purpose of safeguards reporting to SIS-REDD+, REDD+ implementers
are required to provide information and evidence of safeguards implementation in their
REDD+ activities in line with elements of APPS.
In order to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in gathering, processing, analysing,and presenting necessary information on how safeguards are addressed andrespected in REDD+ activities, an institutional arrangement and flow of information for
SIS-REDD+ have been developed16. Furthermore, for easy access and promotetransparency, SIS-REDD+ has been designed as a web-based information provision
which consist of a database to manage data and information on safeguards
implementation and a Web-platform which present and display information on
safeguards implementation.
Under the reporting procedures, REDD+ implementers are required to report thesafeguards implementation through SIS-REDD+ and SRN. In this regard,
synchronization of main data between SIS-Web and SRN-Web is crucial for increasing
efficiency.
Reporting safeguards implementation and operationalization of SIS-REDD+ have notprogressed significantly because of technical and non-technical challenges. Technicalchallenges include user-friendliness of the system (SIS and SRN) and the need tosynchronize main data requirement between SIS and SRN. Non-technical challenges
relate to institutional arrangement and capacity at sub-national level, and different
safeguards requirement from different sources of REDD+ finance. Some steps havebeen taken to improve user-friendliness and necessary synchronization between SIS
and SRN, as well as harmonize institutional arrangement at the national and sub-15

Note : can be downloaded from the SIS- REDD+ website (http://www.sisredd.menlhk.go.id).

16

Detail information on institutional arrangement and flow of information for SIS-REDD+ can be seen in Safeguards Information
System for REDD+ in Indonesia : moving towards an Operational SIS-REDD+ (DGCC, 2016).

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

16

national levels, increase capacity of sub-national institutions and human resources,
and integrate reporting of non-Cancun safeguards into SIS-REDD+ and using APPS
to assess compliance to the Cancun safeguards.
Lessons from several years of safeguards implementation and SIS operationalizationsuggested the need for reviewing the implementation of the Cancun safeguards, aswell as PCI and APPS, including identify gaps and the needs for enhancing PCI and
APPS. Early step to identify gaps in safeguards implementation has been carried out
through socialization and training on reporting safeguards implementation through
SIS. Some issues to be addressed include the need to:(a) simplify safeguards reporting format in SIS-REDD+,(b) assign responsible unit (administrator) for safeguards reporting at sub-national
level,(c) enhance awareness and capacity of sub-national actors,(d) enhance understanding on how to address risks of displacement and risks ofreversals in implementing and reporting these safeguards.
(e) enhance APPS to accommodate emerging elements such as gender, youth,
vulnerable groups, and other relevant issues.
Necessary improvements will be carried out during the strategy implementation
period, along with the improvement on the provision of information on how safeguards
are addressed and respected, as well as review and enhancement of SIS.

3.1.4. REDD+ Finance and Finance Institution
PERMEN LHK No. P 70/2017 defines REDD+ finance as part of climate finance which
may come from international (bilateral and multilateral) and national sources, divided
into four categories namely grant, RBP state budget (APBN), and other sources(Article 16). REDD+ finance is managed by BPDLH (Article 15), which can be
distributed or used through several mechanisms such as: (a) rbp at sub-national levelbased on their contributions to the emission reduction which may include payment for
non-carbon benefits (NCBs); (b) grant to support enabling activities; (c) carbon trading;and (d) other mechanisms.
REDD+ finance which is received by BPDLH from various sources (grant, RBP, APBN,
other sources) may have pre-arrangement on the use of finance, however, it should

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

17

be in line with the mechanisms under PERMEN LHK No. P 70/2017 guidance. While
grant and APBN sources may have specific arrangement mechanism for their uses,
RBP received for Verified emission reduction (VER) from REDD+ activities for acertain time period at the national and jurisdictional levels may cover a broader scopeof uses arrangement mechanisms. Guided by Investment Framework for REDD+ 17,
BPDLH develops planning (Investment Plan) for distribution of each source of finance.
For the past fifteen years, Indonesia has received finance support for climate change
related programmes and activities in forestry sector from bilateral and multilateralsources, including for REDD+. A number of sources of finance in various forms werereceived for REDD+ readiness and transition phase programmes and activities, suchas UNREDD+ (USD 5 Million), Forest Carbon Partnership Facility – Carbon Fund
(FCPF – CF) Readiness (USD 8.6 Million), BioCarbon Fund - Initiative for Sustainable
Forest Landscape (BioCF – ISFL) (USD 1.5 Million for Preparation and USD 13.5
Million for Pre-Investment), FIP (USD 38 Million), Norway (part of USD 1 billion
commitment), Republic of Korea (USD 5 Million), and Australia, UK, Germany, Japanin the form of technical assistance (TA). Recently, some RBP for REDD+ have also
been committed such as Green Climate Fund (GCF) (USD 103.8 Million) and Norway(USD 56 Million) for pre-2020 results, FCPF-CF (USD 110 Million) and BioCF-ISFL(USD 70 Million) for post 2020 results.
REDD+ RBP will continue to be the backbone of international finance to support NDC
in forestry sector and FOLU net-sink 2030, taking into account the possible dynamicof REDD+ scope of activities along with REDD+ implementation under NDC and FOLU
net-sink 2030, as well as the existing commitment from international partners for
REDD+ RBP between 2020-2030. Other opportunities under different mechanisms
will be explored along with the implementation of ‘Presidential Regulation on The
Implementation of Carbon Pricing to Achieve the Nationally Determined Contribution

17

For detailed elaboration on REDD+ finance, including procedure and eligibility criteria to access finance, beneficiaries, flow
and uses, distribution mechanism and other aspects of finance see MoEF, 2021. Investment Framework for Reducing Emissions
from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests andEnhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks ( REDD+) In Indonesia. Directorate General of Climate Change. The Ministry ofEnvironment and Forestry. Indonesia (http ://WWW. Ditjenppi.menlhk.go.id).

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

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Target and Control Over Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the National Development’(PERPRES No. 98/2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Nilai Ekonomi Karbon untuk
Pencapaian Target NDC dan Pengendalian Emisi Karbon dalam Pembangunan
Nasional).
For the time period from 2021-2030, some improvement will be done including in
implementation of funding distribution mechanisms. Keeping pace with thedevelopment in forest and land-use sector post Glasgow COP-26, the existing REDD+
Investment Framework will be reviewed, taking into account the needs for financing
FOLU-Net Sink 2030 target. Taking into account the outcome of the review, REDD+
investment framework will be enhanced, align with FOLU-Net Sink 2030 finance.
Furthermore, mobilization of finance for REDD+ will be enhanced and its management
will also be strengthened.

3.1.5. National Registry System (Id. Sistem Registri Nasional/SRN)
The SRN was established in 2016 as a web-based system for managing data andinformation on mitigation, adaptation, and means of implementation (finance, capacity
building, and technology transfer and development). Public access through website
allows stakeholders to obtain data and information on mitigation, adaptation, andmeans of implementation which are registered in the system, including REDD+.
SRN has the following functions: (a) registration of mitigation and adaptation actions,achievement and resources to support actions (finance, capacity, technology); (b)provision of information for awarding government recognition to mitigation andadaptation contribution of various actors; (c) provision of public access to data andinformation on actions and resources; (d) data base management to support policy
analysis and formulation; (e) provision of data and information on certified emission
reduction and certified carbon stock enhancement, and (f) avoiding double countingof achievement.
The SRN will play a strategic role in the implementation of ‘One GHGs Data Policy’,
other programmes of NDC implementation strategy, FOLU net-sink 2030, as well as
the home of Carbon Registry to support implementation of Presidential Regulation No.
98/2021. Therefore, SRN will be further enhanced, taking into account outcomes of
the review of SRN design, experience and lessons drawn from several years

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

19

operationalization of SRN, and international development in transparency framework.
Specific for REDD+ activities, registration and reporting mechanism in SRN will be
improved. Existing SRN Road Map will be reviewed and strategy for enhancing SRN
overtime will also be developed.
The SRN is targeted to be fully functioning by 2030, with interim target by 2024 that
SRN will be able to provide most data and information needed for preparing national
communication (NATCOM) and biennial transparency report (BTR), in line with
Katowice rule book and subsequent COP decisions on transparency framework. In
this regard, there is a need for significant investment to strengthen human resources
and institutional capacities and technology development, to enable the SRN fully
functioning by 2030. Hence, both domestic and international resources will bemobilized, including opportunities under capacity building Capacity Building Initiatives
for Transparency (CBIT) mandated by Decision 1/CP. 21 and the Paris Agreement.
Under the CBIT, Indonesia receives Global Environment Fund (GEF) assistance tostrengthen institutional capacity for climate transparency, further develop robust
systems for GHG inventory and MRV in compliance with the Paris Agreement, and tostrengthen NDC implementation and tracking its progress.

3.1.6. REDD+ Institutions and Governance
Post COP-13 in Bali the role of forestry in global climate regime has become stronger
over time. The period of 2008-2014 was a dynamic period with a number of changes
of institutions responsible for coordinating climate change issues. Along with theestablishment of Global REDD+ Partnership and the signing of Letter of Intent (LoI)
between the Governments of Indonesia and Norway in 2010, Indonesia established
REDD+ Task Force to coordinate REDD+ implementation in the same year which waslater transformed to REDD+ Agency in 2013.
Along with the global processes both REDD+ negotiations under UNFCCC andREDD+ Partnership activities, the implementation of Indonesia-Norway LoI mainly
addressed the readiness phase of REDD+ implementation as guided by the Cancun
Agreement, including the development of REDD+ National Strategy (STRANAS
REDD+), coordinated by REDD+ Task Force (SATGAS REDD+). The STRANASINDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

20

REDD+ which cover key components to be prepared during the readiness andtransition phase and actions to be implemented from the period of 2012-2020.
With the change of Government in 2014, the REDD+ Agency was discharged in 2015
and since then REDD+ has been part of MoEF mandate and its implementation has
been coordinated by the DGCC. Along with the completion of REDD+ negotiation
process and development of overall climate negotiations under UNFCCC, thecompletion of REDD+ Partnership’s tasks, and the changes in domestic policy,
REDD+ policy and institutional setting have been adjusted. During institutional andprogramme transition of REDD+ after its integration to MoEF mandate, at the sametime Indonesia was also at the start of entering full implementation phase of REDD+
which was marked by the establishment of FREL for REDD+ and REDD+ Performance
Report as the basis for its RBP. Figure 3 shows stages of REDD+ development inIndonesia from readiness to full implementation. The full implementation of REDD+
reflects pre-2020 situation with voluntary commitment on emission reduction and post2020 with mandatory contribution to reduce emission as determined nationally.

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

21

Development of National
Strategy/Action Plan, policy andtools, capacity building

Note : Parties can selectREDD+ Phases based onnational circumstances,
capacities, and level of
supports

Result-based actions (fullymeasured/monitored,
reported, verified)

PHASE I

PHASE II

PHASE III2007 - 20122013-2015
Implementation of National
Strategy, policy and tools,
capacity building, transfer anddevelopment of technology,
result-based demonstration
activities

2016-20202021-2030

Voluntary commitment UNDC-2021/ENDC-2022
on emission reduction (29 % – 41 %/~32 % - 43%(26 % – 41 % from BAU emission reduction fromBAU 2030 ),2020 )FOLU Net-Sink 2030

NATIONAL STRATEGY (STRANAS) 2012 - 2020

STRANAS 2021 - 2030

NM 2022

Figure 3. Development of REDD+ Implementation in Indonesia Based on COP
Decision No.1/ CP. 16
In line with Indonesia’s commitment under the Paris Agreement, REDD+ activities
have been part of NDC scope of activities for forestry sector and FOLU net-sink 2030.
PERMEN LHK No. P 70/2017 is the guidance for REDD+ implementation on technicalmethodological, finance and institutional aspects. Figure 4 shows the substantive
elements of the regulation and relations among relevant articles.

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

22Figure 4. Substantive Elements of PERMEN LHK No. 70/2017 on REDD+

With policy on REDD+ known as ‘national approaches with sub-national
implementation’, PERMEN LHK No. 70/2017 stated that REDD+ covers nation-widearea and implemented at sub-national level (Article 4). The Ministry of Environment
and Forestry is responsible for overall implementation of REDD+ at the national level,
while implementation at the sub-national level is carried out by sub-national
government, private sector, KPH, and community (Article 6).
Consistent with Decision 1/CP. 16, REDD+ is mitigation actions in forest sector
through the following activities: (a) reducing emissions from deforestation, (b) reducing
emissions from forest degradation, (c) conservation of forest carbon stocks, (d)sustainable management of forests, and (e) enhancement of forest carbon stocks. The
regulation allows enabling activities to support the implementation of these activities,

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

23

which include: (a) institutional and human resource capacity building, (b)strengthening policy and REDD+ architecture, (c) research and development, and (d)other relevant enabling activities.
The VER is eligible for payment for results if the results come from areas which were
included in the establishment of FREL/FRL (Article 5 – Article 8), named as REDD+
performance assessment areas (Wilayah Pengukuran Kinerja/WPK REDD+).
Guidance for MRV is contained in Articles 9 to12 with brief explanation as follow:(a) MRV process for the REDD+ finance distribution is divided into two categories
namely payment for VER (rbp) and grant for supporting activities (non-rbp),(b) To receive payment for emission reduction (rbp), the results of REDD+ activities
shall be measurable, reportable and verifiable.
(c) The results shall be estimated in the areas included in the establishment of
FREL/REL (named as WPK-REDD+) and are registered to SRN.
(d) Verification for rbp is carried out by MRV Team and Independent Verificator to themeasured and reported results.
(e) Verification for non-rbp is carried out by MRV Team to the proposed work
programme/activities under four areas of enabling activities (Article 18).
(f) Verification results

will be recorded in SRN and be the basis

implementer/intermediaryagency/Provincial

REDD+

Authorityfor(Lembaga

Pelaksana-REDD+ Provinsi) to propose payment with Concept notes and full
proposal to BPDLH.
In accordance with PERMEN LHK No. P. 70/2017, REDD+ finance from various
sources (Article 16) which are received by Indonesia are managed by BPDLH (Article
17). Within its mandate18, BPDLH receives/mobilizes, manages, and distributes
environmental fund for various uses. The regulation categorizes the use of REDD+
finance which is managed by BPDLH into payment for results at sub-national level(rbp) and support for enabling activities (Article 18). RBP/rbp is awarded to VER fromone or more of the above five REDD+ activities, and may include non-carbon benefits.
The non-carbon benefits of emission reduction (carbon-based) activities may include:(i) protection of hydrological function of forests, (ii) protection of ecological function,

18 Presidential Regulation (PERPRES) No. 77/2018: Peraturan Presiden Tentang Pengelolaan Dana Lingkungan

Hidup.

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

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(iii) protection of biological diversity, (iv) strengthening livelihood, (v) strengthening
governance of forest and land, and (vi) strengthening essential ecosystem.
As part of improving governance in REDD+ implementation, enhance policy
coherence, consistent law enforcement and compliance relating to spatial planningand programmes which reduce pressure to natural forest and increase forest cover
will be further enforced and strengthened.
3.2. Managing REDD+ Implementation
Along with REDD+ development to date, management of REDD+ implementationneed to be strengthened, both at the national and sub-national levels. At the subnational level, ensuring alignment of its REDD+ actions with national guidance as wellas enhancing horizontal and vertical coordination are prerequisite.
Box 1. Managing REDD+ Implementation
Sub-national government (in this case Provincial Government) aims at
implementing REDD+ shall develop REDD+ Action Plan in line with
REDD+ National Strategy (STRANAS REDD+). The REDD+ Action
Plan can be part of Sub-National Operational/Work Plan of FOLU netsink 2030, however, it shall comply with REDD+ guidance. In the case
REDD+ Action Plan is a separate document from Sub-National
Operational/Work Plan of FOLU net-sink 2030, ensuring consistency
between the two documents is crucial to avoid double counting and double
claiming of mitigation results.
In terms of scope of activities, there is overlapping activities between FOLU net-sink
2030, NDC for FOLU sector and REDD+. Reducing deforestation and forest
degradation which are part of activities under NDC and FOLU net-sink 2030 are
REDD+ activities as defined in the Cancun Agreement Paragraph 70. Consistent withthe guidance for FREL/FRL establishment (Decision 12/CP. 17), Indonesia also
included peat decomposition in the establishment of the 1st and 2nd FREL-REDD+
considering its significant contribution to the total emissions from FOLU.
Scope of REDD+ activities can be dynamic overtime depending on the activities to be
included in the establishment of FREL/FRL at the first period and the activities to be
included in its revisions in subsequent periods. Depending on actions to be taken to
reduce forest degradation and sustainable forest management, it is possible that
reducing emissions through sustainable forest management which currently falls

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

25

under category of reducing emissions from forest degradation could be as separate
categorization. Similarly, it applies to conservation of forest carbon stocks, under
existing REDD+ activities, it is covered under reducing emissions from deforestationand forest degradation.
In the NDC Road Map, Indonesia has categorized mitigation actions in FOLU sector
which is in line with the five REDD+ activities based on Decision 1/CP. 16 (Cancun
Agreement). And so, referring to forest transition curve when deforestation and forest
degradation are no longer significant, there is opportunity in future FREL/FRL
construction to define natural forest that will be categorized under ‘conservation offorest carbon stocks’ rather than under deforestation and forest degradation, similarly
for sustainable management of forest. Enhancement of forest carbon stocks has
significant potential for future REDD+ in Indonesia through forest and land
rehabilitation. The NDC Road Map defines two types of forest and land rehabilitation
namely rehabilitation with rotation (for production function) and rehabilitation without
rotation (for protection/conservation function) including revegetation of degradedpeatland. These two activities can be the candidate of enhancement of forest carbon
stocks under REDD+.
As a party of three closely related Conventions – UNFCCC, CBD, UNCCD – Indonesia
has significant potential for synergizing the implementation of the three conventions.
Enhanced REDD+ implementation will be used as an entry point for materializing
synergy in implementing the three conventions, and linked to SDGs.
The following actions will be the key for successful implementation of REDD+ andoverall mitigation action in FOLU : (i) enhancing contribution of REDD+ to NDC
achievement through enhanced management of forest and land; (ii) aligning REDD+
with NDC target on FOLU in the implementation of Carbon Pricing (NEK) scheme; (iii)
improve REDD+ architecture overtime: (iv) enhance forest and land governance horizontal and vertical coordination; (v) Strengthening livelihood of forest dwellers;(vi) aligning REDD+ with FOLU Net-sink 2030 target and; (vii) materializing synergy
between implementation of UNFCCC-UNCCD-CBD in REDD+ implementation :INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

26

3.2.1. Enhancing contribution of REDD+ to NDC achievement through enhanced
management of forest and land.
Enhancing forest and land management through the following activities will reduce
forest cover loss/reduce emissions including emission from peatland and increase
removals : (i) reducing emission from deforestation; (ii) reducing emission from forest
degradation; (iii) conservation of forest carbon stocks and biodiversity; (iv) sustainable
forest management; (v) enhancement of forest carbon stocks: and (vi) peat land
management; as well as (vii) addressing drivers of emissions from forest and landand biodiversity loss and drivers of enhanced removals and biodiversity conservation.
Furthermore, coherent policies, consistent law enforcement and compliance relatingto spatial planning and programmes that reduce pressure to natural forest andincrease forest cover will be among enabling factors which are needed for the
implementation of these activities, which eventually contribute positively to theachievement of NDC target from forestry sector and FOLU net-sink 2030.
3.2.2. Aligning implementation of REDD+ with NDC target on FOLU in theimplementation of NEK scheme
The issuance of Presidential Regulation (PERPRES) No. 98/2021 brings
consequences on the need for adjustment to the existing institutional setting in orderto support implementation of the Carbon Pricing (NEK) and NDC, which may affect
REDD+ implementation in the future.
NEK scheme basically is aimed at supporting the implementation of NDC commitment.
Implementation of different schemes under NEK scheme need to be safeguarded withrelated instruments both international instrument (COP decisions) and national
instrument (related regulations). Review and improvement of this alignment over time
will be part of the implementation of this strategy.

3.2.3. Improving REDD+ architecture overtime.
Along with institutional and human resources capacity enhancement as well as
technology development, both REDD+ architecture and SRN need to be reviewed andimproved overtime. Periodic review and consistent implementation of updated REDD+
architecture and SRN road map will lead to their effective functioning vigorously.

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

27

Furthermore, sufficient capacity of key institutions and actors involved in REDD+, MRV
and SRN to perform their tasks are overriding factors for the effectiveness of the
REDD+ architecture and SRN functions, supported by conducive policies forcontinuous improvement for both of them.

3.2.4. Enhancing Forest and Land Governance: Enhance horizontal and verticalcoordination.
Coordination, synergy and stakeholder engagement are the key factors in good
governance. Enhancing horizontal and vertical coordination and stakeholder
engagement, awareness raising, campaign and capacity building, will increaseawareness and commitment of related institutions and stakeholders at national andsub-national levels. These interventions will ultimately lead to better forest and land
governance. Furthermore, the existence of mechanisms for coordination andstakeholder engagement as well as incentive and disincentive scheme will also
influence the effectiveness of efforts towards a better forest and land governance.

3.2.5. Strengthening Livelihood of forest dwellers
Livelihood of forest dependent people is one of key factors to be taken into account inplanning and implementing REDD+. Enhancement of access to forest resources,
capacity building and oversight, provision of access to relevant information such as
information on technology and market, access to finance, and protection of ecosystemservices are among interventions for addressing livelihood issues. These
interventions will result in increased ability of communities to obtain social forestry
permits in line with government policies and the objectives on social forestry, improved
provision of capacity building, oversight and access to relevant information, andincreased awareness on the importance of ensuring protection of ecosystem services
in social forestry implementation. Hence, more land tenure security, capacity andaccess to necessary information in social forestry programme will lead to improved
livelihood of forest dwellers. This need to be supported by coherent policies,
enforcement and compliant of regulations and standards, starting from ‘on farm’ to ‘offfarm’ and ‘market’ of social forestry products and services.

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3.2.6. Aligning REDD+ with FOLU Net-sink 2030 target.
LTS – LCCR 2050 of Indonesia suggested the needs to significantly reduce emission
from energy sector to close to zero and increase removals in forestry and land uses.
To achieve this target, forestry and land-uses (FOLU) need to reach net sink in 2030.
Considerable efforts to maintain increasing trend of net-sink after 2030 will also be
required in forestry sector, supported by agriculture sector.
An Operational Plan for implementing policy and programme interventions has beendeveloped in order to achieve FOLU net-sink 2030 target, with Ministerial (MoEF)
Decree No. 168/2022 as the legal basis. Eight interventions for generating emissions
reduction and removals to achieve the target have been defined as follows : (i)prevention of deforestation; (ii) prevention of natural forests degradation; (iii)prevention of forest degradation in concessions (Forest Utilization Business Permit);(iv) plantation forest development in plantation forest concession; (v) sustainable
forest management; (vi) enhancement of forest carbon stock; (vii) peatland
restoration and mangrove rehabilitation and management; and (viii) naturalforest/biodiversity conservation.
Scope of REDD+ activities are defined based on activities which are included in thecorresponding FREL document with area coverage that may falls within and outside
the areas of FOLU net-sink 2030 target. Alignment of REDD+ and FOLU net-sink 2030
target will be important for avoiding double counting and double reporting on both
REDD+ and FOLU net-sink performance; this will help in reporting NDC performancethrough BTR, and in demonstrating the contribution of REDD+ with RBP to theachievement of NDC in forestry sector. In methodological aspect, REDD+
methodology is guided by COP decisions, the alignment of both REDD+ and FOLU
net-sink 2030 target in terms of methodology is directed for increasing clarity,transparency, understanding, and comparability of the reported results.
3.2.7. Materializing synergy between implementation of UNFCCC-UNCCD-CBD
in REDD+ implementation,
Three Rio Conventions – UNFCCC, CBD, UNCCD – have complementary benefits toforest and other land use sectors in their implementation. However, synergy effects of
the implementation of these three Conventions have been overlooked. Differences in

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29

their targets, criteria and indicators to measure performance pose certain challenges
in synergizing the three Conventions in their implementation. REDD+ implementation
which deliver co-benefits in terms of avoiding/reducing/restoring land degradation as
well as avoiding/reducing biodiversity loss may be used as an entry point formaterializing synergy in the implementation of the three conventions.

3.3. Paradigm Shift in the New Normal
Year 2021 marked the start of NDC implementation and REDD+ has continued its full
implementation which generate both carbon benefit (emission reduction) and noncarbon benefits. Year 2021 also the momentum for transformational changes as anambitious pathway to achieve low emissions and climate resilience 2050 was set up
and LTS-LCCR 2050 document that stated Indonesia’s ambition to achieve net-zeroemission (NZE) in 2060 or sooner was submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat.
Transformational changes will also be needed for REDD+ implementation post 2020
to align with FOLU Net-Sink 2030 target, taking into account consequences of theissuance of PERPRES No. 98/2021 which put pricing of carbon to support NDC target
achievement including resilient target.
The year 2021 also marked the start of promising recovery process from Covid-19
pandemic. Science has suggested a strong relation between climate actions andCovid-19 sustainable recovery. Relevant lessons from Covid-19 pandemic should be
drawn, including opportunity for digital transformation in managing and implementing
REDD+ and potential synergy between efforts in reducing deforestation and halting
biodiversity loss. An evolving process of awareness raising, outreach and campaign,and capacity building will be part of the transformation in REDD+ implementation,
including effective use of digital-based training/learning.
3.4. Stakeholder Engagement and Benefit Sharing
Engagement of relevant stakeholders is a key for implementing all strategy pillars.
Furthermore, awareness and commitment of related institutions and stakeholders atnational and sub-national levels are also required.
Various approaches, channels and media including digital-based platform will be used
to engage stakeholders at all possible process in REDD+ implementation. Increasingawareness and strengthening commitment of related institutions and stakeholders, as

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 203030

well as strengthening approaches for conflict resolution and its implementation , at nationaland sub-national levels will be part of overall process in REDD+ implementation.
Benefit sharing from REDD+ results will be guided by PERMEN LHK P. 70/2017 andInvestment Framework for REDD+ in Indonesia, as well as PERPRES No. 98/2021
and its relevant Ministerial regulations.

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4. DIRECTION FOR REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATIONThe National Strategy for REDD+ 2021-2030 is implemented in the context of NDC
and FOLU Net-Sink 2030 target as part of LTS – LCCR 2050 with NZE in 2060 orsooner. The Strategy will be implemented in two phases namely Phase I (2021-2025)
and Phase II (2026-2030). The implementation of the Strategy will be guided by
PERPRES No. 98/2021 on Carbon Pricing (NEK) and NDC, Ministerial Regulation No.
70/2017 on REDD+, Investment Framework for REDD+ (MoEF, 2021), and otherrelevant regulations and documents.
The Cancun Agreement provides guidance for REDD+ countries that in thedevelopment and implementation of REDD+ strategy, it should address drivers ofdeforestation and forest degradation, land tenure, forest governance, gender andsafeguard, and engaging stakeholders. These issues will be addressed under relevant
programmes/pillars of the strategy, for example, drivers of deforestation and forest
degradation will be addressed under ‘policy and regulatory framework component’, including
through consistent law enforcement and compliance, and where appropriate, under otherprogrammes/pillars.
The direction of the Strategy implementation covers four strategy pillars/programmeswith description on actions to be taken in each phase as follows (see Table 2) :1. Programme/Pillar 1. Strengthening REDD+ architecture, institutional aspect, and
SRN, will include FREL/FRL, NFMS and MRV, Safeguards and SIS, Finance, SRN,
policy and regulatory framework.
2. Programme/Pillar

2.

Managing

REDD+

implementation

coverscommoninterventions for national and sub-national, and specific for national level and subnational level.
3. Programme/Pillar 3. Paradigm Shift post 2020 will need transformational changes
for REDD+ implementation post 2020, taking into account strong relations between
climate actions and Covid-19 sustainable recovery, awareness raising, outreachand campaign, and capacity building.
4. Programme/Pillar 4. Stakeholder Engagement will include increasing awarenessand commitment of related institutions and stakeholders at the national and subnational levels.

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PROGRAMES/PILLARSNFMS andMRV

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
PHASE II
PHASE I
(2026-2030)(2021-2025)• Improve forest cover data, including extension of forest coverclassification to support expansion of scope of REDD+ activities• Improve existing emission factors/enhance development of sitespecific emission factors• Methodological improvement to strengthen
measurement/monitoring of forest cover, forest cover change andits associated carbon stocks• Strengthen reporting at national and sub-national levels• Strengthen verification, consistent with verification of national
mitigation action.
• Enhance research and methodological development to strengthen
measurement of blue carbon• Enhance research and methodological development to strengthen
measurement of emission from peatland.
• Strengthen monitoring system of peatland to support robust MRVof peatland’s emissions.
• Elaborate the existing NCBs and define potential NCBs to be
included in REDD+ activities.
• Develop criteria and indicators for assessing NCBs in REDD+
activities, including adaptation co-benefits through PROKLIM
in/surrounding forests areas.
• Piloting NCBs assessment in REDD+ implementation (e.g.
adaptation co-benefits through PROKLIM in/surrounding forests
areas).

LEAD INSTITUTION

DG of Forestry Planning(PKTL) and DG of
Climate Change

34

Table 2. Direction for REDD+ National Strategy Implementation
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
PHASE I
PHASE II
(2021-2025)(2026-2030)

PROGRAMES/PILLARSI

STRENGTHENING
REDD+
ARCHITECTURE
AND NATIONALREGISTRYSYSTEM

FREL/
FRL• Review first FREL and developnd

2 FREL, taking into account: (a)outcomes of the review of the 1st
FREL, and (b) opportunity to
expand scope of REDD+
activities and carbon pools.

• Review existing FREL anddevelop consecutive
FREL/FRL, including
consideration to further
expand the scope of
REDD+ activities andcarbon pools.

LEAD INSTITUTION

DG of Climate Change
and DG of Forestry
Planning (PKTL)• Disaggregate national FREL/FRL to provincial level as the basis

for Provinces to calculate emission reduction for obtaining
incentive from RBP of national scale REDD+.
• Construct sub-national/provincial FREL/FRL for REDD+

implementation in the respective Province/sub-national authority.

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PROGRAMES/PILLARS

IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
PHASE II
PHASE I
(2026-2030)(2021-2025)

LEAD INSTITUTION

Safeguards
and SIS• Synchronize main data in SISWeb and SRN-Web• Review effectiveness of
SIS-SRN Webs link andimprove as needed• Improve the provision of information including summary of
information on how all safeguards are addressed and respected• Review safeguards implementation, including APPS, identify
gaps, and enhance PCI and APPS
• Review and enhance SIS

DG of Climate Change

Finance• Strengthen implementation of

BPDLH and DG of
Climate Change• Enhance Investment

funding distribution mechanism
Framework, in line with
FOLU-Net Sink 2030
• Develop Investment Plan for
finance
Individual Funding Source,
guided by Investment Framework• Enhance mobilization of• Review existing Investment
finance and strengthen its
management
Framework, taking into accountfinance needs for achieving
FOLU-Net Sink 2030 target andguidance under PERPRES No.
98/2021 and its relevant
Ministerial regulations (e.g.
PERMEN LHK No. 21/2022)• Enhance the capacity of institution and human resources
responsible for managing REDD+ finance.

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PROGRAMES/PILLARS

IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
PHASE II
PHASE I
(2026-2030)(2021-2025)

LEAD INSTITUTION• Enhance synergy in the implementation of REDD+ safeguards
under the Cancun Agreement and fiduciary safeguards underfinance-related regulations and frameworks.
National
Registry
System(SRN)• Strengthen implementation of One GHGs Data Policy, especially

DG of Climate Change

on agriculture, forestry and other land uses (AFOLU)• Review existing SRN and its development,• Review SRN Road Map and develop strategy for enhancing SRN

overtime, including to progress towards SRN full functioning by
2030,• Improve registration and reporting mechanism in SRN,
• Strengthen Carbon Registry function in SRN,
• Enhance role and capacity of institution and human resources incharge with SRN, including in the provision of data andinformation for NATCOM, BTR, and other reporting purposes,
Policy andregulatory
framework

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

• Review existing regulations, amend or prepare new regulations
as needed• Enhance policy coherence, including between REDD+, NDC,
FOLU net-sink 2030.
• Consistent law enforcement and compliance relating to spatialplanning and programmes which can reduce pressure to naturalforest and increase forest cover.

Secretariat General
MoEF

36

PROGRAMES/PILLARSIIMANAGING REDD+IMPLEMENTATION

National
and Subnational
levelsIMPLEMENTATION PHASE
PHASE II
PHASE I
(2026-2030)(2021-2025)• Enhance management of forest and land
• Enhance contribution of REDD+ to the NDC achievement• Align the implementation of NEK scheme for REDD+ with NDCtarget on FOLU
• Improve REDD+ architecture overtime• Strengthening livelihood of forest dependent people• Piloting synergy between implementation of UNFCCC-UNCCDCBD in REDD+ activities• Develop and implement mechanisms for coordination and

LEAD INSTITUTION

DG of Climate Change
and Provincial
Governments

stakeholder engagement as well as incentive anddisincentive scheme
National
level

INDONESIA REDD+ NATIONAL STRATEGY 2021 - 2030

• Enhance horizontal and vertical coordination• Review existing REDD+ institutional set up to accommodate theconsequences of the establishment of BPDLH and the entry into
force of PERPRES No. 98/2021 and its relevant Ministerial
regulations (e.g. PERMEN LHK No. 21/2022)• Align REDD+ with NDC and FOLU Net-sink 2030 target• Develop standard, criteria and indicators for assessing synergy
effects in the implementation of UNFCCC-CBD-UNCCD in
REDD+ activities, and review as needed.

• DG of Climate
Change, DG of
Natural Resources
Conservation and
Ecosystem, DG of
Watershed
Management andForest Rehabilitation

37

PROGRAMES/PILLARS

Subnational
level

IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
PHASE II
PHASE I
(2026-2030)(2021-2025)

LEAD INSTITUTION• Enhance horizontal and vertical coordination• Develop REDD+ Action Plan, in line with REDD+ National
Strategy and implement the Action Plan accordingly• Implement the standard, criteria and indicators to assess synergy
effects in the implementation of UNFCCC-UNCCD-CBD in
REDD+ activities• Provincial
Governments

III

PARADIGM SHIFTIN THE NEWNORMAL• Enhance awareness raising, outreach and campaign, andcapacity building, including effective use of digital-based
training/learning• Implement transformational changes for REDD+ implementation
post 2020, taking into account strong relations between climate
actions and Covid-19 sustainable recovery.

• DG of Climate Change

IV

STAKEHOLDER(STATE AND NONSTATE ACTORS)ENGAGEMENT
AND BENEFITSHARING• Increase awareness and commitment of related institutions andstakeholders at national and sub-national levels.
• Implementation of Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Principles• Establish digital-based platform for stakeholder communication.
• Strengthen approaches for conflict resolution and its
implementation in REDD+ activities.
• Develop and implement guidance for benefit sharing• DG of Climate Change

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38

5. CLOSING REMARKSIn line with Indonesia’s approach on REDD+ and REDD+ under the Cancun
Agreement, REDD+ Strategy is developed at the national level (REDD+ National
Strategy/STRANAS-REDD+). At the sub-national level, the provincial government
intending to implement REDD+ shall develop Provincial Action Plan for REDD+ (RAPREDD+) using REDD+ National Strategy (STRANAS-REDD+) as the basis. There
should be a clear link between STRANAS REDD+, NDC Road Map for FOLU sectors,
and Operational Plan/Work Plan for FOLU net-sink 2030; and between Investment
Framework and Investment Plans for REDD+ and STRANAS-REDD+.
Currently, there are several documents related to REDD+ which serve different
purposes and in certain cases at different scopes and levels. The important issue isensuring the consistency of related substantive matters of the different documents.

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