流体、バルク、フロー
Kobayashi-Maskawa Institutefor the Origin of Particles and the Universe
Department of Physics, Nagoya University
Duke University

Chiho NONAKA

April 8, 2017@NagoyaQM2017@Chicago
XXVI international conference
on ultrarelativistic heavy-ion
collisions• From February 5 to February 11• More than 700 participants!
• 37 plenary talks and 176 parallel talks + ~300 posters

C. NONAKA

Heavy Ion Collisions
PHENIX

Large Hadron Collider@CERN

STARCMS

LHCb

RHIC@BNLALICE

C. NONAKA

ATLAS, LHCfcollisions

Tools & Physical Observables
thermalizationhydrohadronization

freezeouthydrodynamics

Tools

partons

event generator

Color Glass Condensate

recombination
fragmentation

4 田屋：初期過程
Physical observables

C. NONAKA

hadrons

3 本郷：カイラル磁気・渦効果、理論の発展

statistical model

6 山口

photons/leptons

１ 野中・2 中込
5 坂井
7 渡辺

bulk property
Jetsheavy quarkonia

HeavyIon
Collisions@QM2017
STAR@RHIC
ALICE@LHC
高p+p,d+Au,He+Au
Au+Au(Beam Energy Scan) U+U, Au+Au,
7.7, 11.5, 19.8, 27, 39
200
RHIC

C. NONAKA

Pb+Pb
2760

p+p
p+Pb
Pb+Pb
5020 GeV

LHCsN N

Heavy Ion Collisions@QM2017
p+pp+p,？

d+Au,He+Au
Au+Au(Beam Energy Scan) U+U, Au+Au,
7.7, 11.5, 19.8, 27, 39 ？
200RHIC

流体模型
collisions

C. NONAKA

thermalizationhydro？

Pb+Pb
2760

p+Pb
Pb+Pb
5020 GeV

LHC

sN N

hadronization

freezeout

Initial conditions

Hydrodynamics

Final state interactions

Fluctuations:Glauber, KLN,
IP-Glasma…

QGP bulk property
EoS: lattice QCD
Shear and bulk
viscosities

Cooper-frye+decay
MC sampling
Hadron based event
generator

Hydrodynamic Model@QM17

Speaker

ICHydroParticlization

observables

systemEskolaNLO pQCD +saturation(2+1)-d,hCF, decay, vis

vn,correlation

Au+Au,Pb+Pb

Denicol

IP-Glasma

MUSIC,h,z

UrQMD

v2,v3

RHIC/LHC

Bernhard

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,<PT>,vn

Pb+Pb

McDonald

IP-Glasma

MUSIC, h,z

UrQMD

Flow 全般

Pb+Pb

GardimNEXUS

SPHERIO

MC samplingcorrelation

Au+Au

Luzum

NEXUS

SPHERIO

MC sampling

fluctuations

Au+Au

Sakai

MC-Glauber

Thermal fluc,h JAM

factorization

Pb+Pb

Wang

AMPT

(3+1)-d, hCF,decayL, vorticity

Au+Au

Karpenko

UrQMD(3+1)-d, h

UrQMD

L, vorticity

Au+Au(BES)

Auvinen

UrQMD(3+1)-d, h

UrQMDYield, HBT,v2

Au+Au(BES)

Shen

MCGlauber+Lexus

MUSIC,h,kHadroncascadeYield

Au+Au(BES)

Moreland

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,vn

P+Pb(3+1)-d, h

JAM

Yield,vn

P+Pb,
p/d/He+Au

Kawaguchi MC-Glauber
PYTHIA
C. NONAKA

Hydrodynamic Model@QM17

SpeakerIC

HydroParticlization

observables

systemEskolaNLO pQCD +saturation(2+1)-d,hCF, decay, vis

vn,
correlation

Au+Au,
Pb+PbDenicol

IP-Glasma

MUSIC,h,z

UrQMD

v2,v3

RHIC/LHC

Bernhard

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,<PT>,vnPb+Pb

McDonald

IP-Glasma

MUSIC, h,z

UrQMD

Flow 全般

Pb+Pb

GardimNEXUS

SPHERIO

MC samplingcorrelation

Au+Au

Luzum

NEXUS

SPHERIO

MC sampling

fluctuations

Au+Au

Sakai

MC-Glauber

Thermal fluc,h JAM

factorization

Pb+Pb

Wang

AMPT

(3+1)-d, hCF,decayL, vorticity

Au+Au

Karpenko

UrQMD(3+1)-d, h

UrQMD

L, vorticity

Au+Au(BES)

Auvinen

UrQMD(3+1)-d, h

UrQMDYield, HBT,v2

Au+Au(BES)

Shen

MCGlauber+Lexus

MUSIC,h,kHadroncascadeYield

Au+Au(BES)

Moreland

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,vn

P+Pb(3+1)-d, h

JAM

Yield,vn

P+Pb,
p/d/He+Au

Kawaguchi MC-Glauber
PYTHIA
C. NONAKA

Hydrodynamic Model@QM17

SpeakerIC

HydroParticlization

observables

systemEskolaNLO pQCD +saturation(2+1)-d,hCF, decay, vis

vn,
correlation

Au+Au,
Pb+Pb

Denicol

IP-Glasma

MUSIC,h,z

UrQMD

v2,v3

RHIC/LHC

McDonald

IP-Glasma

MUSIC, h,z

UrQMDFlow 全般

Pb+Pb

Shen

MCGlauber+Lexus

MUSIC,h,kHadroncascadeYield

Au+Au(BES)

GardimNEXUS

SPHERIO

MC samplingcorrelation

Au+Au

Luzum

NEXUS

SPHERIO

MC sampling

fluctuations

Au+Au

Sakai

MC-Glauber

Thermal fluc,h JAM

factorization

Pb+Pb

Kawaguchi

MC-Glauber
PYTHIA(3+1)-d, h

JAM

Yield,vn

P+Pb,
p/d/He+Au

Karpenko

UrQMD(3+1)-d, h

UrQMD

L, vorticity

Au+Au(BES)

Auvinen

UrQMD(3+1)-d, h

UrQMDYield, HBT,v2

Au+Au(BES)

Bernhard

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,<PT>,vnPb+Pb

Moreland

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,vnP+Pb(3+1)-d, hCF,decayL, vorticity

Au+AuWangAMPTC. NONAKA

Hydrodynamic Model@QM17Speaker

IC

EskolaNLO pQCD +saturation

Denicol

IP-Glasma

McDonald

IP-Glasma

Shen

MCGlauber+Lexus

Gardim

NEXUS

Luzum

NEXUS

Sakai

MC-Glauber

Kawaguchi

MC-Glauber
PYTHIA

Karpenko

UrQMD

Auvinen

UrQMD

Bernhard

TRENTO

Moreland

TRENTOWang
AMPTC. NONAKA

Fluctuating initial conditions

NEXUS• Model• NLO pQCD + saturation• IP-Glasma: gluon, glasma• MC-Glauber: nucleon• TRENTO:Bayesian 解析に便利。IP-Glasma、KLN、Glauber風の初期条件。Normalization は決まらない。
• MC-Glauber+PYTHIA for small systems• Event generator• AMPT:HIJING(jet interaction)-ZPC(partoncascade)-ART(hadronic scattering)• NEXUS: Regge-Gribov theory• UrQMD：ハドロンベース - 低い衝突エネルギー• New• MC-Glauber+Lexus for BES experiment
低エネルギー衝突、流体は少しずつ作られるTRENTO

C. NONAKA

by Bernhard

MC-Glauber+Lexus
低エネルギー衝突での流体の取り扱い
流体：２つの原子核が通りに抜けた
後？

C. NONAKA

by ShenMC-Glauber+Lexus

C. NONAKA

by ShenMC-Glauber+Lexus

流体がsource term を通じて徐々に作られる。

C. NONAKA

by ShenHydrodynamic Model@QM17

Speaker

Hydro

EoS from lattice QCD、 viscous hydrodynamics

Eskola(2+1)-d,h+ transient fluid-dynamics EoM pµn, SHASTA

DenicolMUSIC,h,z+ transient fluid-dynamics EoM pµn, KT scheme

McDonald

MUSIC, h,zShenMUSIC,h,k

GardimSPHERIOLuzum

SPHERIO

Sakai

Thermal fluc,hKawaguchi(3+1)-d, hKarpenko(3+1)-d, hAuvinen(3+1)-d, hBernhard(2+1)-d, h,zMoreland(2+1)-d, h,zWang(3+1)-d, h

C. NONAKA

Ideal, Smoothed particle hydrodynamics, 有限個の粒子によって表現+ thermal fluctuations,
vHLLE, EoS は密度も入っているはず。
VISHNU(Ohio group), SHASTA
KT scheme

Hydrodynamic Fluctuations

C. NONAKA

by SakaiHydrodynamic Fluctuations
Parameters in initial conditions <- Centrality dependence of multiplicity

by SakaiC. NONAKA

流体ゆらぎを取り入れた現実的なモデルの発展

流体から粒子へ
Speaker

Particlization

EskolaCF, decay, vis

Denicol

UrQMD

McDonald

UrQMD

Shen

HadroncascadeGardimMC samplingLuzum

MC sampling

Sakai

JAM

Kawaguchi

JAM

Karpenko

UrQMD

Auvinen

UrQMD

Bernhard

UrQMD

MorelandUrQMD

Wang

CF, decay

C. NONAKA• Cooper-Frye で粒子分布を計算• Freezeout hypersurface の書き出し• 共鳴粒子• 粘性効果• 崩壊• MC sampling

Event generatorへ• JAM• UrQMD
Final state interactions

物理量Speakerobservables

systemEskolavn,
correlation

Au+Au,
Pb+Pb

Denicol

v2,v3

RHIC/LHC

McDonald

Flow 全般

Pb+Pb

Shen

Yield

Au+Au(BES)

Gardimcorrelation

Au+Au

Luzum

fluctuations

Au+Au

Sakai

factorization

Pb+Pb

Kawaguchi

Yield,vn

P+Pb,
p/d/He+Au

Karpenko

L, vorticity

Au+Au(BES)

Auvinen

Yield, HBT,v2

Au+Au(BES)

Bernhard

Yield,<PT>,vnPb+Pb

Moreland

Yield,vn

P+Pb

Wang
L, vorticity
C. NONAKA

Au+Au

Jets
Heavy quarks c, b

leptons

Thermalization,sQGP, recombination
Collectivity
QCD phase structure

medium（light quarks u,d,s)
photon流体モデルは様々な物理量と密接な関係がある。

物理量
Speakerobservables

systemEskolavn,
correlation

Au+Au,
Pb+Pb

Denicol

v2,v3

RHIC/LHC

McDonald

Flow 全般

Pb+Pb

Shen

Yield

Au+Au(BES)

Gardimcorrelation

Au+Au

Luzum

fluctuations

Au+Au

Sakai

factorization

Pb+PbKawaguchi

Yield,vn

P+Pb,
p/d/He+Au

Karpenko

L, vorticity

Au+Au(BES)

Auvinen

Yield, HBT,v2

Au+Au(BES)

Bernhard

Yield,<PT>,vn

Pb+Pb

Moreland

Yield,vn

P+Pb

Wang
L, vorticity
C. NONAKA

Au+Au

流体にとって基本的 （当たり前感）• One-particle distributions
p, K, p, strangeness particles…
Flow, v2, v3

横運動量分布• (2+1)-d• h/s の振る舞
いはパラメトラ
イズ:PT 分布からではどれが良いのか決められない。

C. NONAKA

by Eskola

Flow からh/s の情報• LHCでは違いがな
し。RHICでは違いが。
• Bayesiananalysis

C. NONAKA

by Eskola物理量Speakerobservables

systemEskolavn,
correlation

Au+Au,
Pb+Pb

Denicol

v2,v3

RHIC/LHC

McDonald

Flow 全般

Pb+Pb

Shen

Yield

Au+Au(BES)

Gardimcorrelation

Au+Au

Luzum

fluctuations

Au+Au

Sakai

factorization

Pb+Pb

Kawaguchi

Yield,vn

P+Pb,
p/d/He+Au

Karpenko

L, vorticity

Au+Au(BES)

Auvinen

Yield, HBT,v2

Au+Au(BES)

Bernhard

Yield,<PT>,vn

Pb+Pb

Moreland

Yield,vn

P+Pb

Wang
L, vorticity
C. NONAKA

Au+Au

流体にとって基本的 （当たり前感）• One-particle distributions
p, K, p, strangeness particles…
• Flow, v2, v3
実験を説明するのは少し困難かも？
• Correlations, HBT• fluctuations
中込さん
L, vorticity• 良い流体アルゴリズムの必要あり• 衝撃波、小さな人工粘性
Cf. ジェットエネルギー損失
by Tachibana

Global Lambda Polarization
Vortical structure of the QGP fluid

STAR, arXiv:1701.06657

Internal quantum structureof particle

有限・増加は運動量に依存しない
平均を取るとJsys と平行“Golobal polarization”
C. NONAKA

Vorticity Structure in QGP
AMPT-HIJING+3D viscous hydroAu+Au 20-30%
初期のShear flow がVorticity を形成

Polarization
ofhypersurface

L Polarization

C. NONAKA

by WangShear Flow to Vorticity

C. NONAKA

by WangVorticity Structure in QGP
AMPT-HIJING+3D viscous hydroAu+Au 20-30%
初期のShear flow がVorticity を形成

Polarization
ofhypersurface

L Polarization

C. NONAKA

by Wang実験との比較

実験結果をおおよそ再現

C. NONAKA

by Karpenko

Hydrodynamic Model@QM17

SpeakerIC

HydroParticlization

observables

systemEskolaNLO pQCD +saturation(2+1)-d,hCF, decay, vis

vn,
correlation

Au+Au,
Pb+Pb

Denicol

IP-Glasma

MUSIC,h,z

UrQMD

v2,v3

RHIC/LHC

Bernhard

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,zUrQMD

Yield,<PT>,vn

Pb+Pb

McDonald

IP-Glasma

MUSIC, h,z

UrQMD

Flow 全般

Pb+Pb

GardimNEXUS

SPHERIO

MC samplingcorrelation

Au+Au

Luzum

NEXUS

SPHERIO

MC sampling

fluctuations

Au+Au

Sakai

MC-Glauber

Thermal fluc,h JAM

factorization

Pb+Pb

Wang

AMPT

(3+1)-d, hCF,decayL, vorticity

Au+Au

Karpenko

UrQMD(3+1)-d, h

UrQMD

L, vorticity

Au+Au(BES)

Auvinen

UrQMD(3+1)-d, h

UrQMDYield, HBT,v2

Au+Au(BES)

Shen

MCGlauber+Lexus

MUSIC,h,kHadroncascadeYield

Au+Au(BES)Moreland

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,vnP+Pb(3+1)-d, h

JAM

Yield,vn

P+Pb,
p/d/He+Au

Kawaguchi MC-Glauber
PYTHIA
C. NONAKA

SpeakerIC

Denicol

Bayesian Analysis
Hydro

Particlization

observables

system

IP-Glasma

MUSIC,h,z

UrQMD

v2,v3

RHIC/LHC

Bernhard

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,<PT>,vnPb+Pb

Auvinen

UrQMD(3+1)-d, h

UrQMDYield, HBT,v2

Au+Au(BES)

Moreland

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,vn

P+Pb

C. NONAKA

Shear Viscosity
LHC Pb+Pb 2.76 and 5.02 GeV

C. NONAKA

by Bernhard

Bulk Viscosity
LHC Pb+Pb 2.76 and 5.02 GeV

ピークの位置は固定

C. NONAKA

by Bernhard

SpeakerIC

Denicol

Bayesian Analysis
Hydro

Particlization

observables

system

IP-Glasma

MUSIC,h,z

UrQMD

v2,v3

RHIC/LHC

Bernhard

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,<PT>,vnPb+Pb

Auvinen

UrQMD(3+1)-d, h

UrQMDYield, HBT,v2

Au+Au(BES)

Moreland

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,vnP+Pb• Bernhard:もっとも綺麗な結果を得るのに成功している。
h/s, z/s の温度依存性

C. NONAKA

Bulk Viscosity
固定

１つのcentrality

C. NONAKA

by DenicolBulk Viscosity

ピークの位置もパ
ラメータ

C. NONAKA

RHICとLHCでz/s のピークの位置が異なる？！

by Denicol

Speaker

ICDenicol

Bayesian Analysis
Hydro

Particlization

observables

system

IP-Glasma

MUSIC,h,z

UrQMD

v2,v3

RHIC/LHC

Bernhard

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,<PT>,vnPb+Pb

Auvinen

UrQMD(3+1)-d, h

UrQMDYield, HBT,v2

Au+Au(BES)

Moreland

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,vn

P+Pb• Bernhard:もっとも綺麗な結果を得るのに成功している。
h/s, z/s の温度依存性• Denicol: z/sの振る舞いがRHICとLHCで異なる？ Bayesian analyses の正しい評価？
Bernhard との違い：Initial condition を固定している。
一つのcentralityのみ
おそらくは（３＋１）次元の流体計算が重いためでは？

C. NONAKA

SpeakerIC

Denicol

Bayesian Analysis
Hydro

Particlization

observables

system

IP-Glasma

MUSIC,h,z

UrQMD

v2,v3

RHIC/LHC

Bernhard

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,<PT>,vn

Pb+Pb

Auvinen

UrQMD(3+1)-d, h

UrQMDYield, HBT,v2

Au+Au(BES)

Moreland

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,vnP+Pb• Bernhard:もっとも綺麗な結果を得るのに成功している。
h/s, z/s の温度依存性• Denicol: z/sの振る舞いがRHICとLHCで異なる？ Bayesian analyses の正しい評価？
Bernhard との違い：Initial condition を固定している。
一つのcentralityのみ
おそらくは（３＋１）次元の流体計算が重いためでは？
• Auvinen：BES 実験に適用。

C. NONAKA

eSW

h/s

BES

t0

by Eskolah/s :低衝突エネル
ギーほど増加by Auvinen

C. NONAKA

SpeakerIC

Denicol

Bayesian Analysis
Hydro

Particlization

observables

system

IP-Glasma

MUSIC,h,z

UrQMD

v2,v3

RHIC/LHC

Bernhard

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,<PT>,vnPb+Pb

Auvinen

UrQMD(3+1)-d, hUrQMD

Yield, HBT,v2

Au+Au(BES)

Moreland

TRENTO(2+1)-d, h,z

UrQMD

Yield,vnP+Pb• Bernhard:もっとも綺麗な結果を得るのに成功している。
h/s, z/s の温度依存性• Denicol: z/sの振る舞いがRHICとLHCで異なる？ Bayesian analyses の正しい評価？
Bernhard との違い：Initial condition を固定している。
一つのcentralityのみ
おそらくは（３＋１）次元の流体計算が重いためでは？
• Auvinen：BES 実験に適用。
h/s~0 <- Bernhard とh/s の振る舞いが inconsistent• Moreland: small system に適用。挑戦的な計算。まだ途中か強力な解析手法だが、モデル、input が大事。信頼の置ける結果を得るには多くの実験結果、膨大な計算量が必要。
C. NONAKA

まとめ
collisions

thermalizationhydrohadronization

freezeout

Initial conditions

Hydrodynamics

Final state interactions

Fluctuations:Glauber, KLN,
IP-Glasma…

QGP bulk property
EoS: lattice QCD
Shear and bulkviscosities

Cooper-frye+decay
MC sampling
Hadron based event
generator• 流体模型の発展は著しい• 現実的な実験解析が可能に• Bayesian 解析：実験結果からモデルのパラメータ、QGPの物性を探る。
• 流体模型の枠組みの発展• 流体ゆらぎ• Anisotropic hydrodynamics
C. NONAKA