NAKAYAMA
Co.,Ltd.
NEW CE-Meter

A tool for characterization of cast iron melt

A "must" for thin-walled cast iron, complicated shapes,
avoiding chilled layers, and high function materials.

Functions of TEC-21
Newly added functions

a Estimation of nodularity(SG%) d inoculant selection
e shrink
b chillc ASTM Flake graphite size
chill cup(without Tellurium)NGsample pouringNG

SG cup A
SG cup C
SG cup Q

Chill-Cup

All the values of a to e can be obtained within
3 to 4 minutes after sample pouring.

Purpose of development of TEC-21
Quality control on the melting floor
Conventional CE-meters only determine chemical compositions and are unable to respond to advanced level of such technical requirements as thin-walled castings, complicatedshapes, necessity of avoiding hard layers, or materials for highfunctions. This equipment was developed as a quality control
tool on the melting floor that will greatly help production of
castings for high technical requirements.
thin-walled
castings

avoiding
hard layercomplicatedshapeshighfunctionsbetter quality
controlcooling curve for melt quality characterization in relation to phase diagram

a cooling curve and characteristic values

1517characteristic values in a cooling curve1) primary temperature (liquidus)

L2) eutectic solidification temperature(eutectic point)E3) primary solidification range

LC4) solidification range

LE5) primary solidification time6) eutectic solidification timeℓe7) total solidification times8) primary solidification
temperature gradienttanθ9) primary solidification time ratioℓ/e10) undercooling

UC=E-C11) undercooling point

C12) undercooling areaA13) eutectic solidification areaB14) pouring temperaturePT15) time from primary to eutectic pointℓe-116) time from undercooling point
to eutectic point

CE17) time from eutectic point tosolidification end

EGMelt Quality Assessment Function
1) Reading off CE value (L)A cup without Tellurium is used for the melt
quality assessment…..Chill cup5) Reading off time of passing thesolidification range (time ratio of ℓand e)
Cast iron characteristics are also estimated by examining thetime from the primary solidification through undercooling andto eutectic solidification. Consider the ratio between the timefrom primary to undercooling (primary solidification time ℓ)and the time from undercooling to eutectic solidification(eutectic solidification time e). Melt quality can be largely
different between those with a large ratio and those with a small
ratio, even when the total time is the same.
Generally speaking, melts with a short primary solidification
time and long eutectic solidification time are favored.

When molten metal is cooled and solidified, there is always asolidification point or starting temperature of solidification.
Solidification temperature of a cast iron melt is dependent on its
chemical composition. From starting temperature of solidification, CE value (Carbon Equivalent) of the melt can be determined. There are several different definition of CE value: C+(1/3)Si, C+(1/3)Si+(1/3)P, C+(1/4)Si+(1/2)P, or C+0.3Si+0.3P.
By examining quality control charts fitting to the conditions ofyour plant, you may be able to find out if you can use the CE
value table of your CE-meter catalogue without correction, or
you need to make some corrections to it.
Generally speaking, the amount of necessary correction is not6) Reading off time from eutectic point to
too large.
solidification end (inoculation effect)(EG)
2) Reading off eutectic point (E)A long time from the start of eutectic to the end of solidificaA cast iron melt has its solidification end point or eutectiction (the range EG) indicates a good inoculation
solidification temperature as well as solidification start point.
effect. .....graphite shape, eutectic cell number, graphite distribuAmong the two major alloying elements of cast iron melt C andtion.
Si, the latter has a large influence on change of eutectic temperature, where eutectic temperature is raised by increased Si7) Effects of soluble impurity in melt on cooling curvescontent. Thus Si % can be estimated from the eutectic temperaEffect of 1% alloying element on solidification temperature ofture.
hypo-eutectic cast iron.(Results of three tests were averaged.)
Knowledge of eutectic temperature can be utilized for otherpurposes such as estimation of chill depth or shrinkage. Thus itchange in primary
Change in maximum
alloying element
liquidus temperature, °F eutectic temperature ,°F
can be said that eutectic temperature and primary solidification
Cr (Chromium)-10-5
temperature are the two most important features of a cooling
Mo (Molybdenum)-18-2
curve.
3) Reading off solidification temperature range (LE)

Nl

-3

+6

Cu

-5

+5

The temperature difference between the primary and eutectic
Mn
-15
-5
solidification is called solidification temperature range LE. From
this LE value of the melt, C% of the melt can be determined andmechanical properties of the castings from the melt such as 8) Difference between a cupola melt andelectric furnace melt with the same CE value Differences:
strength or hardness can be estimated. .......This applies to irons
without Tellurium.
1) Cupola melt exhibits less undercooling.
2) Cupola melt has shorterℓ and longer e.
4) Reading off undercooling(UC)3) Cupola melt exhibits better inoculation effect (Si%).
The phenomena of undercooling are observed more or less at4) Cupola melt is better in chill tendency and shrinkage tendency.
primary and eutectic solidification. Undercooling appears when
the balance between cooling rate of the melt and growth velocityof iron crystal is broken. Degree of undercooling (UC) has aclose relation with the tendency of chill formation.
Generally speaking, a large undercooling is accompanied bydeep chilling and severe segregation. Growth rate of graphite incast iron is said to be proportional to square of degree of undercooling. Therefore, a small undercooling causes slow growth,and hence, thick graphite with large layer distances. A large
undercooling enhances growth of primary dendritic austenite andreduces amount of eutectic cell formation in the interdendritic
area.

2

Melt Quality Assessment Function
Ⅰ, Estimation of nodularity (SG%)

4. Correlation between nodularity as determined by
microscope and that estimated from thermal analysis

functions
Once the melt is sampled on the melting floor, datacollection for thermal analysis, calculations, and nodularity determination are performed automatically without
human intervention
Aim of development
1.Nodularity is determined within 3 minutes after melt
treatment.
2.Nodularity determination is performed automatically by the
instrument avoiding human power and personal errors.

nodularity by microscope, %

100
80
60
40
20
0

0

20

40

1. A schematic cooling curve and characteristic points

temperature, ℉

Tmax

Tl

Te

⊿Tl

l

e

time, s

2. Types of cooling curve

Tl

Te

Te

Tc
Te

b
c

1154°C

2109°Fb. Vermicular
1150°C

2102°Fc. FCD1137°C

2079°FA calibration curve for nodularity is necessary for each material. Proprietary curves should be prepared at each foundry.

Te

Tc

Experimental method

3. Relation between cooling curve and graphite shape
Cooling curve Graphite shape3aa. Flake※Test results・・・・・Results of more than 200 tests indicatedthat melt treatment with SiC as the Si source contributes to theimproved nodularity and ease of spheroidization treatment interms of treatment temperature, Mg yield, effects of spheroidizers
and inoculants.

Cooling curves

Tl

100

In melts treated with Mg before inoculation, if the eutectic
solidification temperature is found above 2102 degree F, graphite
spheroidization is almost always unsuccessful, whereas if theeutectic solidification temperature is between 2066 and 2075
degree F, spheroidization is successful.

⊿Te

Tc

80

5. Schematic cooling curves for gray,
Ductile and vermicular graphite irons.
Formation of Austenite

Tmax : maximum attainable temperature
Tl : primary temperature
Tc : minimum temperature at eutectic undercooling
Te : maximum eutectic temperature⊿Tl : Tl-Te⊿Te : Te-Tc
l : time from Tl to Tee : time from Te to Tc

60

nodularity by thermal analysis, %

Tl

Tl
Te
Tc

Te
Tc

Tl
Te

In both FCD and CV irons, melts after spheroidization
treatment were sampled with a ceramic fiber spoon and poured in
the specified mold for cylindrical bar of 20 mm in diameter and ashell cup.
Then cooling curve was recorded and nodularity was measured
by the automatic image analysis. The cooling curves and nodularity thus obtained were correlated. Experiments were repeateduntil the following degree of correlation was confirmed: above
75% at the first step, above 85% at the second step, and above
95% at the third step. Finally the precision of ±5% was established in the estimation of nodularity by the cooling curve
method.

Melt Quality Assessment Function
Ⅱ, ChillⅢ, ASTM Flake graphite size(a) CE value (carbon equivalent) and chill depth(a) Carbon equivalent and flake graphite size

chill depth, mm

30

20

10

0

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

CE value

4.4

Causes of chilla. Low CE
b. Large undercooling in the cooling curvec. Large l/e ratio in the cooling curve (The time from undercooling to solidification end (G point) is less than the timefrom primary point to undercooling point)d. High oxygen content
See the graph above

Carbon equivalent and flake graphite size at the center of a 30 mm
diameter bar.
flake graphite size (ASTM number)

Original melt with Fe-Si 75 as Si source
Original melt with SiC as Si source
Inoculation with Ca-Si 0.3%
Original melt with
Inoculation with Fe-Si 0.3%
Fe-Si as Si source {

40

1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

Countermeasure

The original melt, 5 minutes, 10 minutes,
15 minutes after inoculation
length
100.0
100.0
100.0
125.0
150.0

H
25.0
30.0
37.5
45.0
50.0

B

H
W

Chill depth is measured to the unit of 0.1mm.

Wedge-type chill test

Dimensions of wedge test pieces (mm)Different test methods have been known: No.
Japan Gakushin method, Meehanite method, or W1
ASTM method. Currently the ASTM method W2
W3
seems to be almost universally used. Its pattern W4error allowanceshape is shown above.

B
6
12
20
32
0.8

H
25
32
38
50
0.8

length
100
100
100
150
3.2

temperature, ℉

2250
2200
2150

2050

A

B
B

A

60

120

CE value

Length: 25.4 ~ 12.7 mm
CE value: 4.10±0.1

Length: 12.7 ~ 6.3 mm
CE value: 3.60±0.1

Length: 6.3 ~ 3.2 mm
CE value: 3.20±0.05

Length: 3.2 ~ 1.6 mm
CE value: 3.0±0.05

Length: 1.6 mm or smaller
CE value: 0.95±0.02

a. The width of undercooling is large. (The less the undercooling and the longer the eutectic solidification time, themore A-type graphite is observed.)b. Oxygen too much.
c. S% too low (0.09 to 0.095% is better desirable).
d. Inappropriate choice of inoculant (check if melt treatment
is appropriate ).
(c) Adjustment of CE value
2400

Flake graphite size and cooling curves

2350

Graphite nucleus grow faster.
Graphite nucleus grow slower.

2300
2250
2200
2150
2100
2050

2100

5.0

Length: 50.8 ~ 25.4 mm
CE value: 4.60±0.1

temperature, ℉

Less chill
Deeper chill

2300

4.8

Length: 101.6 ~ 50.8 mm(b) Comparisonof effects of Fe-Si and SiC as
2400
Si source for the original melt on chill depth.
2350

4.6

Causes of NG

B
5.0
10.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

4.4

Wedge test piece pattern

Dimensions of wedge test pieces (mm)
No.
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5

4.2

Length: 101.6 mm or longer(By the use of SiC as the Si source for the original melt, melt treatment becomeseasier; less amount of necessary inoculant, and longer effective time. )Sampling time:

4.0(b) Flake graphite size (mm) and
ASTM number (microscope magnification 100×)

A

B
B

A

60

180

time, sComparing two melts, one with Fe-Si as Si source and the otherwith SiC as Si source, the latter exhibits much less chill depth, asmeasured by difference curve in cooling and by microstructuralobservation.
Example1) The curve with a longer vertical arrow corresponds to deeper chill.
2) The curve with a longer horizontal arrow B than A corresponds to3 less chill depth, assuming A+B is constant.

120

time, s180

Growth rate of graphite is said to be proportional to the squareof undercooling. Therefore, when undercooling is small, graphite growth rate is small, and graphite layers develop with larger
mutual distances. When undercooling is large, primary precipitation of dendritic austenite is likely to occur, and hence, eutectic cell formation in the spacing between dendrite is limited.
Larger inoculation effect and less fading are expected byusing SiC as Si source than using Fe-Si.
42

Melt Quality Assessment Function
Si addition by Fe-Si

Example1) Flake graphite size becomes smaller at lower CE value.
2) Growth of flake graphite nucleus is illustrated in the graph in a
separate sheet.
3) More graphite is observed with shorter vertical arrow.
4) Faster growth of graphite nucleus is observed when the horizontal
arrow B is longer than the arrow A.

observed with 0.089%S at 15 minutes after ii. In the melt of 0.044%S, tensile strength
inoculation. Inoculation No.4 exhibits adecreases greatly with time by all thesimilar tendency.
inoculants.

iii. With No.3 inoculant containing a small iii. In the melt of 0.096%S, strength decreaseamount of Ca, tensile strength increases
after inoculation is very small. It isdrastically.
smaller than in the melt treated with
Fe-Si.
From the results;
1) At low S%, little increase in tensile strength with inoculation is observed inboth melts treated with Fe-Si and SiC.
2) At high S%, strength decrease after inoculation is much smaller in the SiC
treated melt than in the Fe-Si treated melt.

Ⅳ, Choice of inoculant in relation to cooling curve(a) Effect of Fe-Si and SiC as Si source
on melt quality (cooling curve).
Effects of different inoculants in melt whose Si and C adjustment has
been made with Fe-Si or SiC.
1. Effect of S% in the melt on inoculation effect.
2. Comparison of inoculation effect in melts whose Si addition has
been made with SiC or Fe-Si.
3. Comparison of inoculation effects in melts of different conditions.
Si addition by Fe-Si

Si addition by SiC

Melting furnace
Tapping temperature; 1525±10℃
Weight of one tap; 250kg

500kg high frequency induction furnace

same as the left column

Steel plate 50%

same as the left column

Amount of inoculant; 0.3%

Melting stock

Automobile steel plate with Cr, Cu 50%
additives for composition adjustment

Si addition

・Fe-Si (75%Si,0.43%Al, 0.06%Cu)

・SiC for Si addition(66%Si,22%C)

C addition

artificial graphite(96 to 97%C, 0.26%S)・same as the left column

others・Fe-Mn・iron sulfide (50%Fe, 50%Fe)

・Fe-Mn・same as the left column

inoculant usedsampling

inoculant / grain size

Si%

Aℓ%

Ca%

Ba%

Sr%

Mn%

Ti%

1 (1-5mm)

48.0%

0.3%

0.06%

―

0.72%

―

―

2 (1-5mm)

63.0%

1.00%

1.60%

6.00%

―

9.90%

―

3 (1-5mm)

75.0%

―

1.00%

―

―

―

―

4 (1-5mm)

52.0%

―

5.00%

―

―

―

9.09%

１) see the separate sheet 2 for the target composition
２) samples

i. tensile test bar (two)ii. chill depth (W-2, W-3, W-4, W-5)
iii. hardness test piece from tensile bar
iv. microstructure test piece from tensile bar

1. Chill suppression i. No inoculant was effective for melt of S
content 0.032% to 0.040%.
by inoculant
ii. For S 0.032%, some effect was observed
within 5 minutes after inoculation. The
order of effectiveness was No.2, the best,
No.4, the next, and No.3, the last. Effects
were lost with time passed 10minutes and
15 minutes.
iii. For S 0.032%, No.1 inoculant had noeffect.
iv. For 0.089%S, No.1 and 2 had chill
suppressing effect within 5 minutes,
where the effect was faded at 10 minutes
after inoculation.
v. For 0.089%S, No.3 had the best chill
suppressing effect.

i. For 0.032%S melt, no inoculant was effective.
ii. For melt treated with SiC, No.1 was effective,
whereas for melt treated with Fe-Si it was noteffective.
iii. With inoculant No.2 containing Ba and Mn,
chill depth was 0mm in 8mm thickness after 5
minutes. Chill depth was 0mm in 9.6mm
thickness after 10 and 15 minutes. No.11
inoculant had the same effect in 5 minutes(0mm chill in 11.2mm thick.), and the same at
10 minutes and 15 minutes.
iv. No.3 and 4 exhibited obviously inferior
effectiveness.
v. For 0.096%S, all the inoculants were effective.
vi. By using inoculant No.1, chill depth of 14mm
without inoculant was changed to 0mm. After
5 minutes, still 0mm chill depth was observedin 6.4mm thickness.
vii. No.2 has chill suppressing effect, though it
decreases after 15 minutes.
viii. No.3 has the most powerful chill suppressing
effect, though its deterioration is fast.

From the results;
1) Inoculant No.1 containing Sr.
* This has the most powerful chill suppressing effect in melts of high S% (0.09%)
which was treated with SiC for Si addition. Its effect is lost in other conditions.
2) Inoculant No.2 containing Ba and Mn.
* This exhibits a stronger chill suppressing effect in melts treated with 88%SiC thanin those treated with Fe-75%Si.

53) Inoculant No.3 with 0.97%Ca and 75%Fe-Si.
* This has a chill suppressing effect in melts treated with SiC, though the effect isfaded faster than No.1 with Sr.

Si addition by SiC

2.Effect of inocula- i. Tensile strength decreases with increasing i. Like the melt treated with Fe-Si, tensileS%.
strength increases only a little bytion on tensile
strength
inoculation at low S%. Tensile strengthii. With inoculant No.1 and with 0.023%S andis decreased below that of the original
0.032%S melt, tensile strength in themelt at 10 minutes after inoculation oforiginal melt decreases within 10 minutes
No.1 and 4 inoculants.
after inoculation. Similar decrease is

3.Brinnel hardness

No effect of inoculation was confirmed. Hardness decreased with time after
inoculation in all the specimens.

4. Microstructure and i. Graphite shape changes from A-type to D i.Fe3C decreases by increasing S to 0.095%.
eutectic cellor E-type and graphite size decreases ii. Eutectic cell umber in inoculated meltswith increasing S% or increasing time.
decreases with increasing S%.
ii. Ferrite % in the matrix is much larger with iii. Inoculant No.4 containing 9%Ti andinoculant No.3 and 4 than with other
5%Ca has a strong ferritizing effect ininoculants.
low S% melts.

iii. Eutectic cell increases with increasing iv. Inoculant No.3 with 75%Si and 1%Ca
inoculation effect, though it is decreased
has a strong ferritizing effect in high S%
by inoculant No.1 containing Sr when themelts.
original melt contains Ca.
iv. In low S% melts, eutectic cell number
reaches its maximum by inoculant No.3.
Cell number decreases with increasing
S% or time.

Conclusions
1. Effect of inoculants on chill suppression depends much on S% of
the melt.
2. When SiC is used as a Si source and S content of the melt is
0.096%, chill is effectively suppressed by inoculation.
3. If S% of the original melt is raised higher, tensile strength isdecreased.
4. Decrease of tensile strength by fading of inoculation effect isprominent in melts with Fe-Si as Si source and is least observed inmelts with SiC as Si source.
5. When using inoculant No.1 containing Sr in melts containing Ca,
quick pouring after inoculation is necessary, because fading of
inoculation effect is extremely fast.
6. No.2 (5% Ba , 10% Mn) is a well-balanced inoculant and is effective in either melt with Fe-Si or SiC as Si source even at low S orhigh S.
7. No.3 inoculant (1.0% Ca, 75% Fe-Si) gave good results at medium
to high S%.
8. No.4 inoculant (5.0%Ca, 9%Ti) has a strong chill suppression
effect in low S% melts.
9. In melts with SiC as Si source, effective time after inoculation ismuch longer and decrease in tensile strength is smaller than inmelts with Fe-Si as Si source.
10.Larger inoculation effect and less fading are obtained by using
SiC as the Si source to the melt than by using Fe-Si.
Causesa. Enhanced chilling is observed when undercooling in the coolingcurve is large.
b. In melts with long time interval between point E and G, bettergraphite growth is observed.
c. Favorable melt quality is expected when ℓ is short and e is long,assuming ℓ+ e is constant.

Melt Quality Assessment Function(b) Choice of inoculant and cooling curve witheffect of minor elements (S, O2).
Fe-Si as Si source

2400
2350

Original melt.

2300

Original melt + Ca-Si0.3% inoculation with good inoculation effect

2250
2200
2150
2100

Original melt Fe-Si as Si source

2050

60

120

180

Deoxidation treatment SiC 1% as Si source
Original melt
After inoculation

2300

As a reference in choosing an inoculant, on-floor study was
made using a high frequency furnace on the influence ofvarious factors on inoculation effects. Inoculation effect wasevaluated by observing 1) suppression of white iron formation,2) tensile strength, 3) increase of eutectic cell number, and 4)
improvement of graphite shape. Factors studied were:
1) Melt S% affecting inoculation effect (S%=0.05 and 0.09).
2) SiC and Fe-Si as Si source for the melt as affecting inoculation
effects.
3) Comparison of inoculation effects and fading of commerciallyavailable inoculants: Si-type, Ba-Mn type, Ca type, and Ti-Ca
type.
a. When melt S% is low, white iron suppression by inoculation
can not be expected, and hence, at least 0.09%S is desired. At
a high S%, for instance 0.096% instead of S% as low as 0.035
to 0.045%, mechanical properties and microstructures arevastly improved by inoculation, and chill formation issuppressed. Therefore, appropriate amount of S should be
added to melts produced by electric furnace.
b. White iron suppression effect is very large when using SiC as
Si source.
c. Effects of inoculants depend much on the melting conditions.
For instance, Si-type inoculants are not effective in melts of
low S or melts containing Ca. Otherwise, they have the mosteffective white iron suppression power. Regarding tensile
strength, Ca-type inoculants are most powerful.

Inoculant Ca-Si 0.3%

2200
2100

Si source for the original melt in the above
Figure was changed to SiC.

2000
1900

0

Example60

120time, s180

If a cooling curve like the blue one is obtained,
inoculation effect is confirmed.
Behavior of S% with regard to cooling curve is similar to that of O2(undercooling is increased).
(c) Comparison of Fe-Si 75% and SiC as Si source
Microstructure and eutectic cells

Ⅴ, shrink
Relation between external shrinkage and undercooling70

Shrinkage ratio versus undercooling

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

<7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14<

undercooling, ℉
Causes1) S% in melt is too low.
2) O% in melt is too much

Countermeasure

1. Effect of inoculants on chill suppression depends much on S% of
the melt.
2. When SiC is used as a Si source and S content of the melt is
0.095%, chill is effectively suppressed by inoculation.
3. If S% of the original melt is raised higher, tensile strength isdecreased.
4. Decrease of tensile strength by fading of inoculation effect isprominent in melts with Fe-Si as Si source and is least observedin melts with SiC as Si source.
5. No.2 (5% Ba , 10% Mn) is a well-balanced inoculant and is effective in either melt with Fe-Si or SiC as Si source even at low S orhigh S.
6. No.3 inoculant (1.0% Ca, 75% Fe-Si) gave good results at
medium to high S%.
7. No.4 inoculant (5.0%Ca, 9%Ti) has a strong chill suppression
effect in low S% melts.
8. In melts with SiC as Si source, effective time after inoculation ismuch longer and decrease in tensile strength is smaller than inmelts with Fe-Si as Si source.
9. When carbon addition is made together with SiC, yield of carbon,
and hence, economy are better than when carbon is added
together with Fe-Si.
10.Excessive inoculation should be avoided.; Excessive inoculants
may produce too many eutectic cells as never seen before andlead to large shrinkage formation caused by external mold wall
movement.

ratio of shrinkage, %temperature, ℉

2400(d)Countermeasures against NG, or unsatisfactory results.

① Add sulfur to reach the range of 0.09 to 0.095%S.
② Deoxidation by adding SiC.
Note: Both ① and ② are done to the original melt.

We are prepared to perform calibrations of melt quality
assessment functions for you.
Inquire the programmer Higuchi Ayumu for details.

6

Set
upのof構the
本機
成apparatus

main setconsumables

SG cup A
SG cup C
SG cup Q

Chill-Cup

two stands

Technical support
Off-set setting

Free rental for demonstration

MaintenanceWe can offer assistance topreparation of calibration lines(to be charged).

Free rental with a cup stand(two~three days).

Technical note

Temperature sensor

A booklet is provided describing details of countermeasures.

Temperature calibration andpaper preparation after ISO
standard (to be paid).

Free maintenance for the initial
one year. Paid maintenanceafter the initial period.
Cost of repair of physical damages by accident must be paidby the customer, even though it
may be within the period of freeguarantee.

Specificationof the apparatus
仕様
Outside dimension
MonitorOS

H440 × W590 × D175 mm

Temperature convertor

21 inch touch panel (supersonic type)
Windows Embedded

Storage period

Three years

Power source

AC 100 to 240 V

measurement range: 0 to 1340 C
Interface
Cup stand
Weight

NAKAYAMA
Co.,Ltd.
■ Haed Office 3-37-22 Kodama, Nishi-ku, Nagoya-City 451-0066 Japan
Tel:+81-52-521-1171 Fax:+81-52-521-1180
E-mail: info@nakayama-meps.co.jp

JIS-K
USB×1 VGA×1 RS232×1
LAN×1 (option)
two sets (5m)
15 kg

April, 2012 1st edition
February, 2016 6th edition■ Website; http://www.nakayama-meps.co.jp/■ Eastern Japan business officeTel: +81-24-545-6588 Fax: +81-24-544-6588