Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
Day 2 (16 December 2021)
Time is according to Philippine Standard Time
9:00 am – 11:00 am
International Relations 1
Zoom Link
You need to pre-register to join this65 Years of Japan-Philippine Relations : Nascent and Enduring Areas of Strategic Partnership
Jocelyn Celero, University of the Philippines – Diliman
Rising Sun? Tabloids and the Common Pinoy’s View of Japan
Rogelio Alicor L. Panao, University of the Philippines – Diliman
Rethinking the Migration Industry: The Not so Hidden Actor along the Philippines and Japan Migration
Corridor
Benjamin A. San Jose, Ateneo de Manila University
Philippine-Japan Security Relations: Shared Interests, Challenges, and Prospects
Maria Thaemar Tana, University of the Philippines – Diliman
Official Development Assistance
Zoom Link
Meeting ID: 946 0534 7615
Passcode: 770662
Covid-19 Strengthens the Solidarity and Association of Southeast Asian Nations – Japan Cooperation
Mohd Ikbal Mohd Huda, National University of Malaysia
Siti Noor Adillah Masrol, National University of Malaysia
Japan’s ODA toward Southeast Asia and Increasing Connectivity: Strategic Spending and Unintended
Consequences
Wonyoung Hur, Korea University
Japan’s ODA from a Shared Growth Perspective: The Roots of Diversity
Ferdinand C. Maquito, University of the Philippines – Los Baños

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
Foreign Direct Investment Japan to Indonesia Post-Vaccine Diplomacy: Challenges and Opportunities
Hamdan Nafiatur Rosyida, University of Muhammadiyah Malang
The flying geese of the east: Economic power relations of Japanese ODA impact SDG in Indonesia, Myanmar
and Thailand
Joey Soehardjojo, European Institute of Japanese Studies
Literature 1
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Meeting Id: 835 5394 3188
Password: 368565
Women in Between Space: The Struggle of Gender Equality in Japanese Contemporary Literature
Shobichatul Aminah, Universitas Indonesia
Shifting Gender Roles in Rei Kimura’s Work
Linda Unsriana, Universitas Indonesia
Women on the Battlefield: Women’s Role in Endo Shusaku’s Sea and Poison
Lopamudra Malek, Dhaka University
Social construction and Women’s right to Shigematsu Kiyoshi's view of women’s public role
Wiastiningsih, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
Engaging In-between Spaces: Representations of LGBTQIA+ in the Fiction of Murakami Haruki
Alona U. Guevarra, Ateneo de Manila University
Art
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Meeting Id: 897 0715 8434
Password: 364660
The Singapore Afterlife (1970-2007) of the Japanese Architectural Movement Metabolism ( 新陳代謝 /Shinchintaisha, 1959-1973)
Jose Lorenzo White Novenario, Nanyang Technological University
Mitarai in the Eyes of Residents: Revealing Residents' Sense of Place through Architectural Identity
Setyo Nugroho, Hiroshima University

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
Creative culture expressed by corporate museums
Ike Iswary Lawanda, Universitas Indonesia
United by the Pacific, connected by music: Japan-Philippines’ relationship through jazz
Brenda Marina Ayala Estrada, The National Autonomous University of Mexico
Time is according to Philippine Standard Time
1:00 pm – 3:00 pm
International Relations 2.1
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Meeting ID: 947 9655 0605
Passcode: 696743
Enhancing Japan-Korea Partnership in Non-Traditional Security Issues in Southeast Asia
Haruko Satoh, IAFOR Research Centre, Osaka School of International Public Policy
Getting together and getting along: How European and North East Asian powers can work better together
through cooperation with ASEAN
Philip Shetler-Jones, Council on Geostrategy
Exploring Japan-South Korea Development Cooperation in the Mekong Region
Kei Koga, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University
New Perspectives on the History of Japanese – Thai (Siamese) Relations 1
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Meiji Civil War Losers in Noncolonised Asia: Miyazaki Tōten and Siam (1877 – 1896)
Joel Littler, University of Oxford
Hyakushō in the Arafura Zone: Ecologizing the Nineteenth Century ‘Opening of Japan’
Manimporok Dotulong, University of Oxford
The First Visit of a Head of State: King Prajadhipok visit to Japan in 1931David M. Malitz, German Institute for Japanese Studies

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
Cultural Exchange between Japan and Thailand in Early 1940s: Focusing on the attempts by Ken
Yanagisawa
Kentaro Sakai, Showa University of Music
Language
Zoom Link
Meeting Id No: 949 0949 9397
Creating a Community of Collaborative International Learning: To Cross the Virtual Boundaries of Japan and
Malaysia
Kimura Kaori, University of Malaya
Kim Hyogyung, Reitaku University
A Study on the Self-Explain method in explaining the tourism vocabulary: A case of Sisaket Rajabhat
University
Kamalas Keeratinanwattana, Sisaket Rajabhat University
In Language and In Health: Expectations and Realities regarding JPEPA / JLPT-passer nurses’ integration
into the Japanese healthcare community
Fame Pascua, Paula Gendrano
University of the Philippines and New Era University
Learning kanji in the digital age: Investigation of kanji in beginner-level Japanese language textbooks
Chavalin Svetanant, Macquarie University
Simon Regin Paxton, Komazawa University
Usage of Digital Technology Products in Japanese Language Learning in Indonesia
Dewi Kusrini, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
New Media
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Meeting Id: 835 5394 3188
Password: 368565
The Appetite for Revenge and Murder in Translation: Japanese Mystery Novels and their Social Media
Savvy Indonesian Readers
Indah S. Pratidina, Universitas Indonesia

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
Filipinos in Japanese Video Games: Race and Capitalism in the Advent of Glocalization
Thea Pamela Pauline A. Javier, De La Salle - College of St. Benilde Antipolo Campus
Digitizing Japanese performances – two case studies
Lim Beng Choo, National University of Singapore
Natalie Lie Kim Ai, National University of Singapore
3:00 pm – 5:00 pm
International Relations 2.2
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Meeting ID: 921 2220 4922
Passcode: 676855
History Always Rings Twice: What reconciliation issues between Japan and South Korea teach us about nontraditional security
Carmina Yu Untalan, Osaka University
The Future of South Korean Regional Peace Cooperation
Brendan M. Howe, Ewha Womans University
Do Korea and Japan have any interest in cooperating on NTS challenges in Southeast Asia?
Jaewoo Choo, Department of Chinese Studies, Kyung Hee University
New Perspectives on the History of Japanese – Thai (Siamese) Relations 2
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Meeting Id: 897 0715 8434
Password: 364660
The Workers’ Struggle against Japan in Thailand during the Pacific War
Katsuyuki Takahashi, Naresuan University
Thai Musician Prasidh Silapabanleng (1912 – 1999) and his contribution to Thai-Japanese Relations
Akiko Yamashita, Toho College of MusicInternational Technology Transfer between Thailand and Foreign Countries: Case Studies of Fisheries
Industry, 1932-1960
Nipaporn Ratchatapattanakull, Thammasat University

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
The Role of Suchat Sawatsri in Japanese Literature’s Reception during the 1970s
Thanabhorn Treeratsaikulha, Chiang Mai University
Literature 2
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Password: 368565
The Personal Narrative and The Self in Ogawa Yoko’s Ninshin Karendaa
Amaliatun Saleha, Universitas Padjadjaran
Desiring as the Colonial Elite: the pursuing of recognition and the dilemma of double-alienation in Ikemiyagi
Sekihō's Officer Ukuma (Ukumanu Junsa)
Xiaoyu Wang, University of Oregon
Encountering Japan through Bengali Travel-writings: Visions for Women's Education
Ankana Bag, Independent scholar
Migration 3
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Social and political attitudes of contemporary migrant community: A statistical study of new ethnic politics
of the Japanese in Greater Sydney
Takeshi Hamano, University of Kitakyushu
Shinsuke Funaki, Fukui Prefectural University
Indonesian Migrants in Japanese Black Company: A study on Trust and Decision Making
Mutiara Rachmadini Effendi, Universitas Indonesia
Transnational Mobility and Experience of Indonesian Creative Labor in Japan
Upik Sarjiati, Research Center for Area Studies, National Research and Inovation Agency (PRW-BRIN)
Labor Migration from Thailand to Japan via the Technical Intern Training Program
Piya Pongsapitaksanti, Kyoto Sangyo University
Piyada Chonlaworn, Tenri University

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
Philippine Nikkeijin as Agents of Multiculturalism: Comparisons between Philippine and Japanese Contexts
Antonio Emmanuel R. Miranda, University of the Philippines – Diliman
5:00 pm – 7:00 pm
International Relations 3
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Meeting ID: 924 2775 3184
Passcode: 380724
Political, Economic and Environmental Impacts of Wildlife Trade from Southeast Asia to Concurrent Japanin Northeast Asia
Monir Hossain Moni, Program on Japan & Global Affairs, Bangladesh Asia Institute for Global Studies(BAIGS)An Assessment of the New Goods Margin between Japan and CMLV countries
Irwin Cruz, Ateneo de Manila University
Assessing the role of Japanese Green Aid in Deciphering Asian Environmental Challenge
Swati Arora, Jawaharlal Nehru University
Environmental education in Japan and practical experience for Vietnam
Nguyen Hai Dang, Kagoshima University
International Relations 4
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Meeting Id: 897 0715 8434
Password: 364660
Navigating Japan’s Foreign Policy from within: The Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy and its Impact on
Japan – ASEAN Relations
Jonald T. Bagasina, University of the Philippines – Diliman
Cultural Diplomacy through Tourism in Developing Cultural Understanding between Japan, Indonesia andMalaysia
Nur Widiyanto, Ambarrukmo Tourism Institute“Charter Flight” in Cooperation between Vietnam and Japan for Tourism Development

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
Hong Van Loi, Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh
Ngo Thanh Loan, Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh
21st Century Rivalry: The Case of Sino-Japanese Competition in Southeast Asia
Kristine Olive B. Caravana, De La Salle University
Literature 3
Zoom Link
Meeting Id: 835 5394 3188
Password: 368565
The Image of the Elderly in the Films An (Sweet Bean) and Oke Rojin! (Golden Orchestra)
Lili Febriyani, S.S., M.Si, Universitas Gadjah Mada
In the Case of Interconnectedness in Storytelling: The Re-experiencing of the Typical and Ordinary in Leg
Men (Philippines) and Spirited Away (Japan)
Josephine May Grace Famoso, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
Heroic characters of Japanese comics and cartoons and the favourite of Vietnamese youth
Hoang Thi My NHI, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences

Meaning-making Process behind Transnational Text Appropriation: Analysis of Japanese Television Drama
1 Rittoru no Namida and its Indonesian Adaptation Buku Harian Nayla
Aldrie Alman Drajat, Kobe University
DisasterZoom Link
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How disasters affect work organization - Studying the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the use of telework
in JapanJulien MARTINE, East Asian Civilizations Research Centre
Japan’s School Safety for Children and Youth Resilience: Configuring Model Adaptation for Schools in
ThailandReni Juwitasari, Mae Fah Luang University

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
Japan’s Disaster-related Science Diplomacy with Southeast Asia: Dimensions, Priorities, and Outcomes
Glenn Fernandez, Sichuan University - Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Abstracts
9:00 – 11:00 Concurrent Sessions
International Relations 1
65 Years of Japan-Philippine Relations : Nascent and Enduring Areas of Strategic Partnership
Jocelyn Celero
University of the Philippines – Diliman
In 2015, the Philippines and Japan entered into a 27-article bilateral agreement that ensures the accessand portability of social security benefits for Filipino migrants. The bilateral social security is a significant
milestone in the relations of the two countries that have established Japan as a major destination for
Philippine labor migration, and solidified the Philippines as a supplier of migrant labor. Given that Filipinos
constitute one of the largest migrant groups in Japan, it is imperative for the Philippine government to seekbilateral cooperation in guaranteeing access and delivery of social security incentives for Filipino migrant
workers that are determined by their migration, employment legal and/ or residential status in Japan.
This paper aims to juxtapose the progress of both countries in providing social protection for migrants. It
begins with tracing the post-war labor migration from the Philippines, and its impact on the developmentof social welfare system extended to non-Japanese nationals. It then proceeds to reviewing the 2015
bilateral agreement in relation to other international regimes that regulate the social welfare of migrant
workers and their families. Third, it discusses Japan’s current multi-tiered social security system whichcontains basic and occupation-based social insurance schemes. Finally, the paper examines the emerging
opportunities and continuing challenges to implementing the social security agreement effectively, and its
implications on the current and future trajectory of Japan-Philippine relations.
Key words: bilateral social security agreement, Japan, Philippines, Filipino migrant workers
Rising sun? Tabloids and the common Pinoy’s view of Japan
Rogelio Alicor L. Panao
University of the Philippines – Diliman
Japan is arguably a global economic power, but how does the everyday Filipino regard the land of the risingsun? How does this image compare with other emerging middle powers in the region, such as Korea andChina? The paper builds on theories that construe news as surrogate of public opinion and applies theseto nation branding, using Japan’s image in the Philippines as case. Combining text analytics andSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
quantitative sentiment analysis, the paper looks at Filipino-language news in one of the Philippines’ widely
circulated tabloid to examine how Japan is framed both as a political and cultural entity. Our findings
unravel an image that is generally viewed positively in a news platform that caters to the everyday Filipino.
However, the results also indicate a narrow view of Japan that restricts it to an economic situs and an aid
benefactor. The findings are specific to the Philippines but the assumptions could well apply to any
country in Asia whose development trajectory has become contingent on the investments and goodwill ofother rising powers in Asia. The findings also invite a reexamination of Japan’s role in Southeast Asia andwhether this is still relevant in light of larger economic and security developments in the region in recent
years.
Rethinking the Migration Industry: The Not so Hidden Actor along the Philippines and Japan Migration
Corridor
Benjamin A. San Jose
Ateneo de Manila University
This paper looks at the historical, political and societal aspects of the waves of migration between thePhilippines and Japan. In particular it will explore the growing role of non-state actors in shaping andimplementing the migration policies between the two states. While civil society groups have beenrecognized as key players in migration policy process, there has been an overlooked player in migration
policy. Defined as non-state actors that provide services that facilitate, constrain or assist internationalmigration, the migration industry has often been under researched in academic and policy studies. This
paper argues that even as the migration patterns along the Philippine-Japan migration corridor are highly
gendered, the migration industry has been central to the promotion, deployment, and control of migrant
workers throughout the years. As Japan comes to grips with its rapidly ageing society that needs moremigrant care workers (MCWs) and semi-skilled workers, the last section of the paper looks into thedirection of Japan’s migration policies and the role of migration industry as it becomes embedded not onlyin the facilitation of labor migration, but above all in the shaping of long-term migration policies.
Philippine-Japan Security Relations: Shared Interests, Challenges, and Prospects
Maria Thaemar Tana
University of the Philippines – Diliman
The paper examines the recent developments in the security relations between Japan and the Philippines.
Specifically, it looks at their common security interests and increasing defense cooperation against the
backdrop of growing regional tensions, the South China Sea disputes, and strained Philippine-US relations
under the Duterte Administration. It is argued that while the recent developments in the regional security
environment have contributed to heightened uncertainties and insecurities, Japan and the Philippines
were able to find opportunities to move closer strategically and explored ways of further promoting

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
security cooperation. The last section of the paper also explores future prospects for the strategic
partnership in the post-Abe era.
Official Development Assistance
Covid-19 Strengthens the Solidarity and Association of Southeast Asian Nations – Japan Cooperation
Mohd Ikbal Mohd Huda
Siti Noor Adillah Masrol
National University of Malaysia
This article examines the initiatives of The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Japanthrough the cooperation of Government to Government (G2G) and the Special ASEAN Summit to combat
the pandemic collectively. The initial cooperation through the coordinated “Integrated Recovery Plan” hasbeen very significant for the future of ASEAN and the resilience of a post-COVID-19 world by way ofmaintaining market stability in order to avoid the potential risk of economic recessions and public healthemergencies. This synergism is seen as one of the best mechanisms to help ASEAN in ensuring socioeconomic activities are restored and the welfare of about 600 million people is addressed. This researchfound that ASEAN Plus Three (APT) cooperation should formulate a Regional Recovery Plan and emphasizethat the continuity of the supply chain should be maintained to ensure a smooth flow of food and medical
supplies. Secondly, APT cooperation needs to be committed to the continuation of opening up markets,
maintaining normal trade, services and investment flows in order to continue strengthening regional
economic resilience. Thirdly, APT needs to formulate a plan that focuses not only on financial aspects (postCOVID-19 economic recovery) but also on social security networks, food security and education. To build
back better, the green recovery should be at the centre of APT post-COVID-19 recovery plan in order toensure a just and sustainable transition that will enhance the region’s preparedness against future
pandemics and economic crises within the means of the environmental boundary.
Keywords: ASEAN Plus Three (APT), Japan, Solidarity, Cooperation, COVID-19
Japan’s ODA toward Southeast Asia and Increasing Connectivity: Strategic Spending and Unintended
Consequences
Wonyoung Hur
Korea University
The Abe administration has pursued "Free and Open Indo-Pacific" initiative strongly from its launch andSoutheast Asia was the most pivotal area of the strategy. However, the administration's 'geopolitical' goals
were not achieved enough and 'geoeconomic' consequences are unfolding in the region. This paper
examines how Japan's ODA policy became strategic since the end of the Cold War, especially under theSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
Abe administration. It also explains the reasons why the strategy has not achieved its own goals in the
direction the administration wanted.
For analysis, this paper sets the layers of analysis as follows. First layer is Japan's policy intentions andstrategies. In particular, it examines how directly geopolitical considerations are related (or not) ODA
toward Southeast Asia after the Abe administration was established, by analyzing the remarks, declarations,and diplomatic documents of Japanese policy decision makers. Second, it looks at the actual ODA projects
especially on two states, Myanmar and Vietnam, where the Abe administration pu emphasis on
geopolitically, and analyze how closely they were related to the Abe's geopolitical declaration. In particular,
it focuses on what the influence of Japanese companies participating in various ODA projects was. Third,
look at the reaction of the recipient countries to the Japan's ODA during the Abe administration, andidentify whether the actual impact on the region and country was consistent with the strategic intentions.
In conclusion, there are two factors to analyze this gap between intention and consequences. First,
strategical characteristics of Japan’s ODA since the end of the Cold War does not equal Abe’s geopolitical
FOIP strategy and ODA policy. Second, Japan’s ODA to Southeast Asia, specifically infrastructural aid,
resulted in increased connectivity of the region. Abe’s ODA policy toward ASEAN should be interpreted
through the lens of geoeconomics and economic statecraft, rather than reactive balancing, which means
geopolitcis, toward China over the region.
Japan’s ODA from a Shared Growth Perspective: The Roots of Diversity
Ferdinand C. Maquito
University of the Philippines – Los Baños
The term “shared growth” was coined by the World Bank in its East Asian Miracle Report published in 1993
to refer to the peculiar type of development of eight highly performing East Asian economies, of which themost exemplary model would be Japan, and the most conspicuously absent would be the Philippines.
Shared growth could be translated into the socio-economic goals of efficiency and equity. This paper is an
exploration of a novel application of this perspective to the case of Japan’s Official Development Assistance(ODA). This application is done in three parts. The first part discusses the manner by which efficiency andequity are built into the peculiar feature of stringency in Japan’s ODA. The second part seeks to uncover
the roots of this feature of Japan’s ODA in Japanese philosophy and practice. Finally, the third part discusses
how such peculiarity is generally different from what is considered as the global standard, resulting in awelcomed diversity in international development assistance, even from the point of view of a non-East
Asian Miracle country. An overarching feature that is found in these three parts is a view of markets thatputs Japan at odds with mainstream economic thinking that has a deeper appreciation for markets.

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021

Foreign Direct Investment Japan to Indonesia Post-Vaccine Diplomacy: Challenges and Opportunities
Hamdan Nafiatur Rosyida
University of Muhammadiyah MalangThis study aims to describe Japan's geopolitical opportunities and challenges in Indonesia after IndonesiaChina vaccine diplomacy. In mid-2021, Japan donated 2.16 million doses of AstraZeneca to Indonesia whichwere sent on July 1 and 15 within the framework of bilateral diplomacy. The arrival of this vaccine is theright timing for Japan, where Indonesia is experiencing peak cases in two years (June-August 2021), where
daily positive cases are above 40,000 cases and daily deaths are above 100 people. After delivery, thepositivity rate decreased slowly, thus strengthening Japan's image as a trusted country in Indonesia. On
August 25, this success resulted in the smooth lobbying of four major infrastructure development projects,
namely the Patimban port, the construction of the MRT Jakarta Phase 2, the opening of the MakassarParepare railway line, and the Bekasi BPLJSKB Proving Ground. In addition, Indonesia offered investment
and cooperation in opening five ports in other strategic locations, which Japan welcomed by relocating its
factories from China to Indonesia, with a total of USD 2.6 billion by the end of 2021. Japan has full support
from the Indonesian government to invest in strategic sectors under the framework of the Indonesia-Japan
Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).
This is an opportunity for Japan to take back the position of the top five investors after falling to number
seven in the first quarter of 2021, as well as to restore the economies of both countries in the midst of thepandemic. However, Japan must face challenges with South Korea and China who are scrambling to invest
in Indonesia with a greater investment value, so that in the future, Japan must prepare strategies andincrease other cooperation to maintain strategic partnerships and preserve hegemony in Indonesia.
The flying geese of the east: Economic power relations of Japanese ODA impact SDG in Indonesia,
Myanmar and Thailand
Joey Soehardjojo
European Institute of Japanese Studies
Centered on the tripartite economic cooperation among government, multinational corporations andOfficial Development Assistance (ODA), this research contextualizes specific Japanese-led ODA institutionsin shaping ODA’s recipient countries’ socioeconomic development, business system and infrastructure. The
implications of institutionalized tripartite cooperation relevant in achieving SDG priority 8: decent workand economic growth. The core investigation concerns on socioeconomic and human capital development
capacity building, knowledge and Japanese best practice transfer mechanisms adopted by Japanese ODA
organizations to navigate ODA recipient countries’ lack of sustainable awareness and human capitalSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
investment. The analysis from four countries and 150 interviews shows the embedded Japanese ODA
ecosystem and socioeconomic engagement progresses toward UN-led SDG in Indonesia, Myanmar andThailand. The ODA donor interests align SDGs’ capital investment with its cross-border industrial strategy
to maintain the dominant model and fulfil international economic cooperation obligation. By examining
both ODA donor and recipient institutional discourses, this research contributes to the international
development and management studies by demonstrating donor-recipient economic power relations andthe ODA ecosystem in overcoming social and institutional constraints. Stakeholders who engage in SDGs
need to understand SDG traits and the people-centered development approach that can have a stronger
positive SDG capacity building and realization.
Keywords: SDG priority 8, sustainable human resource development, Official Development Assistance(ODA), government-to-government (G2G), business-to-business (B2B), union-to-union (U2U), Southeast
Asian economies.
This paper examines the implication of economic cooperation among three institutions—government,
multinational corporation (MNC) and ODA organization—in achieving the sustainable host country HRM
and employment relations (HRM-ER) due to lack of sustainable awareness and human capital investment.
Existing research (e.g., Boddewyn and Doh, 2011, Doh and Guay, 2004; Selsky and Parker, 2005; Tang and
Mazmanian, 2009; Vachani, Doh, and Teegen, 2009; Yaziji and Doh, 2009) discussed MNCs, NGOs andgovernment collaboration strategy aimed to address sustainable MNC practice and responsible corporate
governance. They emphasized on the type of NGOs (i.e., contractual and privatization), timed project andindirect impact (i.e. spillover); this research focuses on institutionalized tripartite cooperation andexamining specific ODA organizations in addressing specific SDG priority vis-à-vis human capital investment
and business system infrastructure (not on ODA grants, loans or aids). This tripartite economic cooperation
aspect is explored through comparative institutional analysis and economic power relations between theworld largest ODA economic cooperation donor (i.e., Japan) (Soderberg, 2001) and recipient countries (i.e.,
Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand) to understand the level of institutional development and dynamism
practice transfer processes/outcomes (Vachani et al., 2009). Already weak labour market institutions(regulations, policy and infostructure) are vulnerable to the various impacts of the global financial andhealth, and MNC exploitation practices (Caliguiri et al., 2020; Hinnings & Meyer, 2018; Muller-Camen et al.,2011). Thus, our studies offer an in-depth SDG bilateral policy that enabled tripartite economic cooperation
to solve developmental challenges (Zanten & Tulder, 2018). This is crucial because the government,
business knowledge and civil society collaboration effort in realizing sustainable development is distinct to
SDG traits and ODA ecosystem/institution (Biermann et al., 2017; Soderberg 2001). Against this backdrop,
we underline the primary role of ODA capacity building in the three targeted stakeholder economies, i.e.
government, business society and labour union.
Since the operation of ODA organizations is financially supported by the home-country government,
arguably, these ODA organizations can be perceived as arm’s-length bodies of foreign governments and
MNCs. Therefore, the ODA sustainable agenda contribute substantially to the MNC home country’s
economic benefits (Williamson, 1994). This research adopts an institutional theoretical lens in analyzing

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
the multilateral ODA organizations (i.e., quasi-government agencies, not-for-profit-organization andadvocacy groups) shape the development of local labour market institutions. Theirs depoliticizing
development assistance emerges from ODA donor’s capital investment—an institutional approach lies at
the heart of SDG (Aust et al., 2020; Zenten & Tulder, 2018). Our focus is on the diffusion mechanisms of
ODA organizations in facilitating cross-border HRM-ER tacit knowledge and best practice transfer
applicable to the actionability of an SDG priority target. This is important because addressing the UN-led
SDGs multidimensional issue requires understanding a specific SDG priority relevant to an ODA donorrecipient economic power-in-institution context. This leads us to the following research questions:
How has tripartite socioeconomic cooperation engaged in SDG and what are the implications forsustainable work, employment and skill advancement?
Literature 1
WOMEN IN BETWEEN SPACE: The Struggle of Gender Equality in Japanese Contemporary Literature
Shobichatul Aminah
Universitas Indonesia
Six years have passed since Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced plans to create a “Japan in which womencan shine,” urging more working mothers to take on leadership positions with pride. But womens still
continue to face obstacles that include entrenched social perceptions and a disproportionate burden inmaintaining family homes. This panel discuss how women have always faced challenges in struggling forequality even though efforts to empower women have been launched through the Japanese government’s
policies.
The struggle for gender equality can be seen in the modern Japanese literature works through the female
characters. Linda Unsriana examines the problem of shifting gender roles through the female characters in
Rei Kimura’s Butterfly in the Wind and Japanese Rose. The female characters is Okichi a beautiful young
woman was forced to become a mistress of an American man and Sayuri Miyamoto, a kamikaze pilot. Atik
Wiastiningsih discusses the work of Shigematsu Kiyoshi, Tsubame Kinenbi, that the female character is a
career woman who faces a dilemma between her career and family because the construction of society
does not allow women to go public. Lopamudra Malek examines Shusaku Endo’s Sea and Poison which
illustrates the role of woman on battlefield. Endo has mingled the sympathetic women with the deadened
women and intricate her mental agony with delicacy and fragility. Alona U. Guevarra tried tohighlight how Murakami Haruki’s representation of LGBTQIA+ and its problems had not been involved inJapan’s society in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Shifting Gender Roles in Rei Kimura’s Work
Linda Unsriana
Bina Nusantara University

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
Gender problems are classic problems that existed from the past until now. In the eighth century, theintroduction of social laws based on the Confucian beliefs made women alienate to an inferior position.
The Japanese Constitution of 1947 article 14 regulates equality of rights. All the people shall be equal under
the law and there no shall be discrimination in political, economic, or social relations because of race, creed,
sex, social status or family origin, but in reality, there is still gender discrimination. In contemporary literaryworks, Rei Kimura highlights the issue of women's gender roles. This article will examine the conflict
between female characters in Kimura's two novels, titled Butterfly in the wind with the main character
named Okichi. Okichi beautiful young woman was forced to become a mistress of an American man. The
ruler's power finally defeated his desire to live happily with his lover. The second novel is titled Japanese
Rose with a female character named Sayuri Miyamoto, Kamikaze pilot shows that a woman can perform amale role as a kamikaze pilot. The method used is descriptive analysis by referring to gender theory andfeminism. The goal to be achieved is to see changes in gender roles in the two main female characters in
the novel by Rei Kimura.
Women on the Battlefield: Women’s Role in Endo Shusaku’s Sea and Poison
Lopamudra Malek
Dhaka University
Endo’s novel Sea and Poison is on a true incident occurred during the Second World War when someJapanese doctors and nurses have vivisected two American soldiers.The most important and catchy partof this novel is Endo has depicted the women characters with subtlety, silence and sufferings. Endoportrayed the nurse character that had secret affection for Hilda’s husband ‘Hashimoto’; this affection had
led the path of sheer loneliness of womanhood. He characterized the nurse Mrs. Ueda with complete
numbness. Ueda was nothing but the female adaptation of Suguro, the main character of the story. Endoportrayed some women characters praying for others, for example: Mitsu Abe, Hilda and Obasan. These
praying characters have penetrated the diversity in the war. Obasan was sensible and sympathetic
character here. In war time, when everyone was up to personal profit, this unfortunate lady had a motherly
affection for Suguro and that has some relativity with the changes of the sea color. The characterization of
Ms. Hilda in this novel was potentially an interesting part. She was the most vive rant white color of thesea who had never forgotten her ethics and integrity as a human being even in war time. Endo had mingled
the sympathetic women with the deadened women in his story and depicted ultimate consequence of war.
Endo intricate the mental agony of woman with delicacy and fragility.
Social construction and Women’s right to Shigematsu Kiyoshi's view of women’s public role
Wiastiningsih
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
This article will discuss about the description of the role of Japanese women in public around the 1980s
written by Shigematsu Kiyoshi in the Tsubame Kinenbi short story. Tsubame Kinenbi diterbitkan pada tahun
2006 dengan latar berlakang waktu tahun 1980an. The analysis will compare the real situation in thecommunity around 1980an and also now with the description about role of woman written in the shortstory to proof the relevance of the social conditions to the description in the short story. I will explain thelaws that protect women's rights in the public, the difficulties in real life when women take a role in the
public, and men's views on the role of women in the public in the story and Shigematsu Kiyoshi's views as
men about women's roles in the public. Based on the analysis, even though legally, Japanese women areprotected by their right to take a role in the public sphere, the law does not necessarily change people'sviews and make it easy for women in Japan to play a role in the public.
Engaging In-between Spaces: Representations of LGBTQIA+ in the Fiction of Murakami Haruki
Alona U. Guevarra
Ateneo de Manila University
The in-between spaces are places where magic realism become possible in the fiction of the globallypopular, yet serious author Murakami Haruki. Interestingly, it is also in these in-between spaces where
Murakami’s queer stories are embedded. For instance, in the novel 1Q84, the character Tamaru Ken’ichi’slife story calls attention to the fact that the ethnic homogeneity in Japan, the notion of citizenship, as well
as sexuality are not as straightforward and simple as the uninitiated might be led to believe. Tamaru
occupies the in-between places in society, and if the Japanese and non-Japanese would like to understandcontemporary Japan, the presence of individuals in those in-between places should be addressed by proper
representation in Japanese society’s history. This paper offers a critique through close reading of selectMurakami’s embedded queer stories, such as those found in his novels (1) Norwegian Wood, (2) Sputnik
Sweetheart, (3) South of the Border, West of the Sun, (4) Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of
Pilgrimage, (5) Kafka on the Shore, and (6) IQ84. The paper attempts to highlight how Murakami’s
representation of LGBTQIA+ serve also the purpose of highlighting issues that have not been properly
engaged in Japan’s society in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Art
The Singapore Afterlife (1970-2007) of the Japanese Architectural Movement Metabolism (新陳代謝 /Shinchintaisha, 1959-1973)
Jose Lorenzo White Novenario
School of Art, Design and Media, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
This essay employs the art-historical and descriptive-analytical method to discuss the history ofMetabolism in Singapore. It will first discuss the conceptual and philosophical underpinnings of Metabolism,with recurring themes of organic and technological terminologies to organize the modern city. It will thenSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
review the current literature on Metabolism, underlining the contributions that they’ve made to theanalysis of Metabolism as Philosophy and Architectural Movement. The essay will then use as examples
buildings which were designed and built in Singapore by Kenzo Tange and Fumihiko Maki. Even before
however, the influence of Metabolism was felt in Singapore through local architects who were inspired byits principles to design residential and commercial spaces which incorporated modularity, communal living,
and green urbanism into its design. Finally, the essay will then reflect on the legacy of Metabolism on
current green architecture movements in Singapore.
Mitarai in the Eyes of Residents: Revealing Residents' Sense of Place through Architectural Identity
Setyo Nugroho
Hiroshima University
Mitarai is a small harbor town in the Seto Inland Sea (Setonaikai in Japanese) which is well-known for its
architectural heritage properties. The tourists visit Mitarai to see the buildings and the alleys showing theolden days of a Japanese town. In the 17th century, sea transportation was the primary mode connecting
the Asian mainland and Japanese main cities such as Kyoto, Osaka, and Tokyo (Edo). Small villages along
the Seto Inland Sea flourished and developed because people had to stop and wait for the change in tides.
During waiting until the waves were calm, the services of entertainment and brothels were then offeredto the passengers and crews. This background story created a strong image of Mitarai as brothels andentertainers in the Edo period until today. However, the authors argued that the current image of Mitarai
has slightly changed, especially from the eyes of the residents. This project was conducted in Mitarai from2019 to 2020 by recruiting 11 residents to listen to their stories and experiences (sense of place) living in
Mitarai. The project aimed to seek the residents’ opinion by asking which objects could represent the imageof Mitarai. The result showed that the residents had strong memories of the past. Even though the objects
had already gone, the story and attractiveness were still attached to the participants. The participants
associated themselves with the surrounding objects in Mitarai, and those objects were classified into two
categories: tangible (touchable, visible) and intangible (untouchable, invisible).
Regarding the image of brothels and entertainers, it showed that those images were sensitive to someresidents. The projects revealed that the image of the Mitarai for tourists was not same as the image of
Mitarai from the eyes of residents. Residents wanted to share a different story about Mitarai. The project
had significantly shown that the place's image needed to consider residents’ opinions (bottom-up
approach) because they recognized more about the place.
Creative culture expressed by corporate museums
Ike Iswary Lawanda
Universitas Indonesia

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
It is to indicate corporate museum as the presentation of creative culture. Beyond the lack of economic
consume and traditions, corporate museums culture creativity play a fundamental role in the developmentof individuals, societies, and economies worldwide. It has the objective to draw the relationship between
the cultural industries and the arts, and explore how the cultural sector is managed by policy makers,
cultural organizations, and creative entrepreneurs. The methodology used are virtual observations using
websites of corporates and organizations and interviews to two museum scholars. To liberate techniquesof versification in order to allow greater room for "fluidity", and as such were sympathetic with the trend
toward free verse. It then goes to interpretive method : identify objects; context; effects to audience; link
all of these.
The results tell that Symbolism and technology as sources for the generation technology (Hisrchman, 1980;
Miyazaki, et.al, 2013; Sugiyama, et.al, 2006) to create a human-centric society in which both economic;
super smart society (Hollroyd, 2020); development and the resolution of societal challenges are achieved,
and people can enjoy; security and well -being (Shiroish, et.al.,2018). The creation of innovation
contributing to the growth of the nation with an eye on supersmart society, museums and symbolism;
archives and symbolism sustaining and developing the spirit and wisdom of the nation through creative
culture in the digital and/or digital based museum, archives using AI and system based-multimedia for thechildren and the public doing the learning. It concludes that sustaining of the spirits and wisdoms of thecorporate founders to the next generation keep developing in using of digital technology. The corporatearchives are the floating preservation connecting in between the museums and the mausoleums, whichcontain the meanings of the spirits and wisdoms, in the expression of death along side with life of thefounders. The archives are the symbols of the corporate spirits and wisdoms believed as the legacy of thefounders shows in the museums playgrounds for the children in character building, for the public in theglory of the nations. These notions are sustainable and development in the aspect of social, culture,
economic, and learning by technology through AI and IoT in the midst of Japan society 5.0.
United by the Pacific, connected by music: Japan-Philippines’ relationship through jazz
Brenda Marina Ayala Estrada
The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
Being geographically close, Japan and The Philippines have developed a constant relationship throughout
history. However, only their warlike relationship is emphasized in school textbooks; No focus is put on theJapanese occupation of The Philippines, treating this country simply as a stage in the Pacific War between
the United States and Japan. Meanwhile, academic literature also focuses predominantly on the war
relationship of this countries and the role of guerrillas as a resistance force against the Japanese Empire,
while also putting a little focus on their economic development, agriculture and industry.
Of course war isn’t the only subject that has been written about, but it is the one that garners the mostinterest when we refer to the period of the Japanese colonization (1942-1945) since it is still viewed as ataboo. And although the cultural aspect of the colonization has not necessarily been left behind, the related

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
cultural production sure has. Even in Mexico, despite having a long relationship with both countries since
the times of the New Spain, the relationship between the two Asian countries is often approached in termsof their connection with the United States. With this connection to the American country in mind, thispaper will deal with the cultural relationship that the Japanese and Filipinos forged through music andparticularly through Jazz during the first half of the twenty century.
1:00 pm – 3:00 Concurrent Sessions
International Relations 2.1
Enhancing Japan-Korea Partnership in Non-Traditional Security Issues in Southeast Asia
Haruko Satoh
IAFOR Research Centre, Osaka School of International Public Policy
There is growing middle power activism by regional states such as Indonesia, Singapore, Japan, Thailand,South Korea and Vietnam. There is a desire of like-minded middle powers in this region to hedge against ahegemonic dominance by both China and the US, and a need for each country in the region to have a better
sense of owning and being control of their destiny and to be able to organize a regional order based on cooperation and friendly relations in a free and open manner (more or less the status quo). To this end, thenotion of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) centrality is still useful; and, the coherence of
ASEAN is critical. Japan and South Korea have similar economic stakes and strategic interests in enhancing
the stability of ASEAN countries, and there is a pressing need for the two countries to overcome their
historical disagreements and work together in addressing non-traditional security issues in Southeast Asia.
Getting together and getting along: How European and North East Asian powers can work better
together through cooperation with ASEAN
Philip Shetler-Jones
Council on Geostrategy
This paper examines a modality for middle powers with sub-optimal bilateral relationships to identify andpursue cooperation with ASEAN, both as a means of improving the effectiveness of their ASEAN relations,but with potential positive spin-off effects with potential to improve their bilateral relations. The
comparison of two relationship examples is used to explore the pros and cons of such a model: United
Kingdom - France, and Japan - ROK. In both cases, troubled bilateral relations sit alongside shared interests
in closer and more effective cooperation with ASEAN in the field of Peace and Security.
Exploring Japan-South Korea Development Cooperation in the Mekong Region
Kei Koga
School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
How can Japan and South Korea enhance their cooperation in the Mekong region? Japan’s Southeast Asian
diplomacy has been active since the 1977 Fukuda Doctrine, which emphasizes ensuring the equal
partnership between Japan and the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN),
enhancing the people-to-people relations, and promising Japan not to become a military power indominating Asia. As ASEAN expanded its membership to include all Mekong states, namely Cambodia, Laos,
Thailand, and Vietnam, Japan also began to contribute to socio-economic development of this sub-region
from 2000s. On the other hand, South Korea has recently showed its economic interest in Southeast Asia
and South Asia through its diplomatic initiative, New Southern Policy. This new initiative also includes thedevelopment of the Mekong sub-region and aims to strengthen the bilateral ties between South Korea andthe regional states. Admittedly, the increasing strategic competition has come into play in the Mekong, as
indicated by the China's Lancang-Mekong Cooperation framework in 2015 and the Mekong-US Partnershipin 2020. As a US ally, Japan has already engaged certain functional cooperation with the United States, suchas the Japan-U.S.-Mekong Power Partnership (JUMPP), which has a strategic implication in the region.
However, there is also a room that Japan and South Korea can cooperate with each other by align on thebasis of international rules and norms as both embrace rule of law in the international arena. Given thatboth Japan and South Korea are interested in deepening its cooperation with the Mekong states, thispresentation explores whether Japan and South Korea could collaboratively develop a niche strategy
toward the socio-economic development in the Mekong River.
New Perspectives on the History of Japanese – Thai (Siamese) Relations 1
New Perspectives on the History of Japanese-Thai (Siamese) Relations
Joel Littler and David M. Malitz (Chairs)
The history of Japanese-Thai relations receives scant attention in scholarship outside of Japan, and to alesser extent, Thailand. A major reason for the lack of attention is due to Japanese studies and Thai studies
residing in two distinct ‘silos’ or takotsubo with limited institutional overlap. Moreover, until recently thehistoriography of Japanese-Thai relations has been rooted in the 1930s and early 1940s, and focused mainly
on high-level political and economic relations. As a result, the Japanese-Thai relationship during the period
of absolute monarchy has been seen as historiographically unimportant. The papers in this double panel
show that by broadening the scope of relations beyond postwar economic and political considerations, therelations are older, more extensive, and laden with continuities across the August 1945 divide than areusually recognized.
Meiji Civil War Losers in Noncolonised Asia: Miyazaki Tōten and Siam (1877-1896)
Joel Littler
University of Oxford

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
The ‘opening’ of Japan from its self-imposed isolation began in earnest in the 1850s. Dispute over thenature of this ‘opening’ sparked a series of civil conflicts from the 1850s to the 1870s that brought withthem the downfall of the Tokugawa regime and entrenched a new Meiji ruling class. Among those that lostthe civil conflicts — Meiji civil war losers — some continued to attempt alternative ‘openings’ to the Westoriented path pursued by the winners. One such ‘loser’, Miyazaki Torazō (known as Tōten, 1870-1922),
who later gained fame for his role in the Chinese revolution, and as a naniwabushi balladeer, made brief
forays into Siam in 1895 and 1896. Whilst Tōten’s attempt to start an ‘ideal community’ (risōkyō) in theform of a farm in Saladaeng was an abject failure, the ideas behind it present an alternative to the Westcentric ‘openings’ that dominate the historiography of modern Japan. This ‘opening’ by civil war losers wasnoncolonial, for neither Japan nor Siam were subject to Western colonisation in the 1890s, and theJapanese and Siamese actors were operating in a personal, or nonstate, capacity. Through examining theintellectual content of Miyazaki Tōten’s writing, his approach to forging nonstate connections with Siamcan be located in the Meiji civil war loser context of Kyūshū in the 1870s and 1880s.
Hyakushō in the Arafura Zone: Ecologizing the Nineteenth Century ‘Opening of Japan’
Manimporok Dotulong
University of Oxford
In the 1880s, ordinary fishers and other commoners who were intimately familiar with the seas left theJapanese archipelago in search of bluer waters. Ending up in Southeast Asia and Australasia, these‘hyakushō’ used their local knowledge of nature to navigate unfamiliar ecological contexts and create
ocean-spanning infrastructures capable of facilitating their everyday lives. As a result, they connected thewaters of the Indo-Pacific region into a largely non-state space where empires maintained little spatial
control and mechanisms of the global marketplace met with both human and environmental friction. Their
movements gave birth to what I call the ‘Arafura Zone’.
This article tells a new story of Japan’s nineteenth century global connections that linked together places
as disparate as the Arafura Sea and the Mergui Archipelago. It shows how the so-called ‘opening of Japan’
was not primarily characterized by the temporality of industrial civilisation and the spatiality of aninternational community of civilized nation-states. Hyakushō developed a new understanding of time andspace based on the monsoonal climate and the geographical distribution of marine biota. As a result, theycame to share a nature-centric intellectual common ground with those who were more indigenous to theArafura Zone. Drifting beyond historical narratives of ‘globalization’, Japan’s transnational encounter with
the Arafura Sea forces us to rethink the possible forms that global connectivity might take.
The First Visit of a Head of State: King Prajadhipok’s Visit to Japan in 1931David M. Malitz
German Institute for Japanese Studies, Tokyo

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
In 1931, while on route to the United States and Canada, King Prajadhipok visited Japan, where he wasreceived by the emperor. He stopped over a second time on the return-trip. While the king’s visit to theUnited States has received much attention already, this has not been the case for the monarch stays inJapan. However, his sojourns are of a double significance. First, the state visit was the first visit of a foreign
head of state to Japan. Second, the visit demonstrated that already prior to the Siamese Revolution of 1932
the government of the Kingdom of Siam had become interested in closer relations with the Empire of Japan.
This paper is based on archival sources from Japan and Thailand.
Cultural Exchange between Japan and Thailand in the Early 1940s: Focusing on the Attempts by Ken
Yanagisawa
Kentaro Sakai
Showa University of Music, Kawasaki
In 1942, the Cultural Agreement between the Kingdom of Thailand and the Empire of Japan was signed.
Based on the agreement, Japan established the Japan-Thailand Cultural Institute （日泰文化会館）in
Bangkok. The former diplomat Ken Yanagisawa （柳澤健）, who was known as a poet and connoisseur ofEuropean culture, was appointed as its director. This paper will summarize the history of the JapanThailand Cultural Institute in Bangkok, and then analyze what Yanagisawa attempted to achieve,
attempting to evaluate the success of this episode of Japanese cultural diplomacy in Southeast Asia.
Language
Creating a Community of Collaborative International Learning: To Cross the Virtual Boundaries of Japanand Malaysia
Kimura Kaori, University of Malaya
Kim Hyogyung, Reitaku University
This paper aims to show how the lesson of collaborative international learning(CIL), between Japanese
university students and Malaysian university students, designed, and to give the implications on further
lessons of CIL through the teachers’ reflection on planning and implementation of the lesson of CIL.
In this paper, the midterm report of the lesson of CIL is presented, which will be implemented from October
2021 to January 2022.
Developing global human resources has been one of the critical agendas highlighted in the higher educationof Japan, hence, studying abroad has been highly recommended. Recently, the various types of the lessonof CIL have been conducted. Additionally, Covid-19 does not allow the students to exit their own country
to study since the end of 2019. This situation has pushed Online study abroad or CIL by online lesson,
instead of a face-to-face, to be implemented.

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
As an international interactive educational approach, Collaborative Online International Learning（COIL）
has known well in Japanese higher education. Most of COIL programs currently have been implemented
among consortium universities in Japan. In their lesson style, host university students and partner
university students usually share common lessons.
While on the other hand, the lesson we designed is not the alternative program for a face-to-face program,but also it is not a consortium universities program. It is a creation of a collaborative international learning
community by individual teachers.
We, a Japanese teacher in Malaysia and a Korean teacher in Japan, firstly made the lesson plans and createda learning community in our classes respectively. We secondly crossed the virtual national boundaries using
ICT and negotiated with the different lesson schedules, the time difference and the different subject’s
targets in order to create a collaborative online international learning community where two different
learning communities embraced each other.
The following data is analyzed by ALACT model（Korthagen2001）and is interpreted using the Active Theory（Engeström, 2001）as the theoretical framework.
1)For verification of the design:i) Descriptions of the process of the lesson designedii)Transcriptions of the reflection on the process of the lesson we conducted2)For verification of the lesson contents:i) Field notes for students’ activitiesii)Result of the questionnaire and reflection sheets for students
The students can interact with each other in most of the current international exchange programs between
Japanese universities and ASEAN universities. However, there has been a host role in the exchange program.
Japanese university mainly has played the host role, which is supposed to design the exchange program.
A Study on the Self-Explain method in explaining the tourism vocabulary: A case of Sisaket Rajabhat
University
Kamalas Keeratinanwattana
Sisaket Rajabhat University
This research aims to study the learning process through self-explain autonomous principles in solving
problems, answering questions, and explaining vocabulary in the tourism field for Japanese tourists. It
applies qualitative and quantitative research methods. The researcher collected data from 17 students
from Sisaket Rajabhat University who took the pre-test, post-test, and training process. The data wasanalyzed by score, and, the ability to explain words and errors.

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
The results of the research can be summarized as follows: The self-explain principle and the transpreter
principle can help students to improve in explaining tourism vocabulary better as indicated in their scoresand the following outcomes; 1) the post-test average scores of all of the students have increased. This
teaching method is, thus, an alternative teaching method to solve possible problems occurring fromexplaining vocabulary simultaneously in the tourism field. 2) Under limited time, scores from the post-testreflected that the vocabulary word items were described in more details with different adjectives and they
were delivered more frequently than those in the pre-test, and under the practice stage, elaboration was
the technique employed the most since the students had time to prepare and think of the answers. 3)
In terms of error recognition, the pre-test and post-test showed the same trend namely; the most common
grammatical errors, including auxiliary misplacing and misusing, word ordering, and the use of conjugationof verbs. The second error found was vocabulary and knowledge with the lowest percentage oferrors. However, in the practice process, there were the following errors; vocabulary mistakes, grammar
mistakes including auxiliary mistakes, verb conjugations, word arrangements, and knowledge mistakes,
respectively. Grammar mistakes result from low basic grammar competence; hence, when performing
students were still careless in using certain grammatical points. The vocabulary mistakes are produced by
the learning process from the wrong things the students misunderstand, but they still do it without
checking, leading to using the wrong words. Finally, knowledge error was present when most of thestudents described it with a narrow perspective by being self-centered, making the explanation misleading.
Keywords: Principle of self-explain, vocabulary in the tourism field, errors, Japanese tourists
In Language and in Health: Expectations and Realities regarding JPEPA/ JLPT-passer nurses’ integration
into the Japanese healthcare community
Fame Pascua, Paula Gendrano, Rio Vallestero
University of the Philippines and New Era University
Filipino nurses who dream of passing the minimum level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT)and enter Japan were given a few to six months language training through the implementation of Japan
Philippine Economic Partnership Agreement (JPEPA) in 2009 until 2014. This training, however, is not
sufficient if one’s aim is to pass the National Board Exam (NBE) as it requires a more rigorous language
understanding. Because it has been noted in the case of Vietnam that a 12-month language training is more
beneficial to the language proficiency of nurses going to Japan, the JPEPA increased the language training
for JPEPA nurses to 12 months.
Despite the improvement in the NBE results, a recent trend shows that JPEPA nurses, even the NBE passers,
quit their job to return to the Philippines because of the difficulty to be fully integrated into the Japanese
health community. Two reasons cited are (1) only 40% of JLPT word list used in the NBE and (2) dailySoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
conversation with patients and medical jargon used among the medical staff are different from those usedduring the NBE. With this, the research aims to ascertain factors to assist further integration of JPEPA
nurses in Japan. In order to answer this research gap, the paper looks at the results of the Japanese
language training received by JPEPA nurses. While in the past the JPEPA responded to the language-related
needs of Filipino nurses, the recent trend calls for another response in order to fill the shortage of nurses
in Japan. Thus, the study recommends the following before going to Japan: (1) 18 months of language
training and NBE review in the Philippines and (2) the NBE be taken at the Japan Embassy Manila.
Learning kanji in the digital age: Investigation of kanji in beginner-level Japanese language textbooks
Chavalin Svetanant, Macquarie University
Simon Regin Paxton, Komazawa University

The paper investigated the selection and ordering of kanji in four beginner-level Japanese language
textbooks used in Japanese as foreign language courses at universities both within Japan and outside thecountry. The purpose was to ascertain which kanji are selected for inclusion and the types of kanji ordering
strategies employed. The study found that all four textbooks adopted context and kanji compounds as theirordering strategies despite the different selection of kanji. More importantly, no component-basedordering strategies - the strategies that are considered most effective by many non-kanji backgroundlearners, were present. The paper argues that, while context and kanji compound-based ordering
strategies offer many benefits, a more multi-faceted approach which exposes learners to an array ofdifferent strategies including identifying kanji components, may promote optimal outcomes for kanji
learning in the digital age. In addition, the paper will discuss the future of kanji learning and teaching in thecontext of the online learning environment.
Usage of Digital Technology Products in Japanese Language Learning in Indonesia
Dewi Kusrini
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
This study aims to determine the use of digital technology in learning Japanese in Indonesia from thelearner's perspective. The method used is a mixed method, which is a combination of qualitative methods
in the form of interviews and quantitative methods in the form of surveys. The survey instrument was used
for 86 students, and interviews were used for 10 Japanese language students. The students in question are
Japanese language students at several universities in Indonesia. From the survey results, it is known thatmost students actively use applications downloaded on their cellphones and use learning resources fromwebsites and various SNS such as Instagram, Facebook, etc. Most of the products used are in the form ofaudio visuals which are used as strengthening exercises to improve Japanese language skills, especiallySoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
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listening, reading and speaking skills. From the interviews, it is known that students actively use various
digital technology products because of the convenience of non-formal forms of learning and the freedom
to choose and use them according to the needs of each student. And learning with teachers is still needed
to increase motivation to learn Japanese.
New Media
The Appetite for Revenge and Murder in Translation: Japanese Mystery Novels and their Social Media
Savvy Indonesian Readers
Indah S. Pratidina
Universitas Indonesia
Research that combines translation studies and media studies in the context of new media is still scarce,and therefore this study hopes that it can contribute to both fields of study. It explores the motivations
and practices of Indonesian publishers and readers in their production and consumption of selected
Japanese mystery novels, and focuses on the resulting level of engagement on social media.
The high volume of published translations of Japanese mystery novels in Indonesia poses questions aboutIndonesian publishers' aims in relation to their readers’ appetite for the genre. The translation of Girls in
the Dark by Rikako Akiyoshi has been reprinted 14 times (October 2019) while that of Confessions by Kanae
Minato has been six times (May 2020); both published by Haru Publishing. In the functionalist approach totranslation, translators take account of the importance of having optimal communicative effects on thetarget audience, i.e. publisher's framing meets with readers' understanding with minimal resistance. In thislight, this study sheds light on the consumption, interpretive and creative practices of the readers of thesetranslations, and on how they share their thoughts via their own social media platforms, through theconceptual framework of the active audience and of participatory culture. The study aims to give us insights
into how Indonesian publishers and readers interact through their mutual focus on translated fiction in thesocial media era.
The study employs a digital ethnography approach in its data collection. It explores readers’ constructionof a perspective on translated texts in the context of publishers' intentions, through observation of thesocial media posts and uploads of all concerned. It collects YouTube uploads that discuss Rikako Akiyoshi’s
Girls in the Dark GitD and Kanae Minato’s Confessions, both published by Haru, identifying them by using
keywords such as “Penerbit Haru,” “Minato Kanae,” “Akiyoshi Rikako,” and “Confessions.” The study
regards YouTube and Instagram social media uploads and posts by the publisher and readers as primarydata. Related posts in Instagram by the publisher and readers, reports in other media, and interviews witheditors, translators, and readers are then used for data triangulation.

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The findings show that both the publisher and the readers examined in this study are avid social media
users and produce a high level of interactions on the online platforms they use. It observes that the readers
are primarily young females who are savvy social media users who identify themselves as content creators.
As savvy social media users, they set out to address some distinctive traits of the novels because they
understood that this is necessary in order to create unique content, which enables them to engage withand at the same time cater to their audience. Most are book community members and not necessarily
obsessive about Japanese popular culture. To some degree, they display awareness of the social critiques
within these stories, particularly in relation to the family and mother-child relationships. The study
concludes that communicative translation has been established where readers’ understandings is parallel
to publishers' framing.
Filipinos in Japanese Video Games: Race and Capitalism in the Advent of Glocalization
Thea Pamela Pauline A. Javier
De La Salle - College of St. Benilde Antipolo Campus
There have been numerous articles that discuss how the Orient was being represented in Western media.
My interest in these concepts arose when I read about video games and how various minority cultures
were being represented in these media. There has always been the issue of whitewashing in the movies,
and the cry for cultural diversity in other forms of media, e.g. games.
The paper mainly talked about video games, specifically fighting games, as the main media element in theissue. It showed how Filipino-ness was viewed from the lens of Japanese video game developers. Also, it
presented the current status of Filipino migration and its implications to the video games’ global market.
Despite the futile attempt to represent Filipinos in both foreign and local video games, Filipino gamedevelopers still attempt to represent the Filipino in their locally-made video games.
The methodology used was two-fold: The first part is the scrutiny of several Japanese video games thatused “Filipino” characters in the play. It dissected the “Filipino” characters in Japanese video games, looking
at how “they” represented the “Filipino” in the making of the characters. The second part is an interview
with two Filipino video games experts wherein they scrutinized four Filipino-made games. I also looked at
how they attempted to represent the Filipino-ness in their craft.
After looking at the two-part study, I have concluded that the Filipino identity cannot really be given astamp to categorize. It was hard to give Filipinos a specific identity, even in more flexible media like movies
and television shows, let alone Western video games.

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Digitizing Japanese performances – two case studies
Lim Beng Choo
Natalie Lie Kim Ai
National University of Singapore
In this paper co-presented by my RA Natalie Lie and I, we will share two projects on Japanese theatricalperformances that we have created with digital tools.
The first, “Japanese performances in Singapore”, is a compilation of metadata of visits by performancegroups and individuals from Japan that have performed in Singapore. The second project “Technologies
and Traditional Japanese Theater,” records the metadata of recent productions of traditional Japanese
performance genre (noh, kyogen, kabuki and bunraku) that integrated advanced technology in the stagingof their shows.
The main purpose of the two projects is to explore new ways to research and teach Japanese theater,
beyond the more common text-oriented content or performance analysis of the plays. Visualization of
performance data such as sponsorship, performance venues or frequency of certain genre will highlight
aspects of the theater that are not usually considered as important performance elements, although suchinformation may provide clues to cultural policies or the general trend of theatrical performances within a
specific social or temporal context. The second project on high-tech traditional theater performances tells
the story of a traditional stage with very different mechanism of performance and sometimes unfamiliar
production despite the traditional status of the genre.
Users of these two digital projects are able to use the interactive site to learn of the relationship amongst
the different players that produced the performances, providing an alternative perspective from whichobservations can be made or questions can be asked.
3:00 pm – 5:00 pm Concurrent Sessions
International Relations 2.2
History Always Rings Twice: What reconciliation issues between Japan and South Korea teach us about
non-traditional security
Carmina Yu Untalan
Osaka University
Scholars have explored how non-traditional security (NTS) can present an opportunity for Northeast Asian
countries to overcome their history problems. Cooperation in NTS areas such as the environment,

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infrastructure development and poverty alleviation in ASEAN have fostered a common ground where Japanand South Korea can work together despite breakdown of reconciliation efforts. Notwithstanding these
efforts, this article suggests that the tense Japan-ROK relationship can also potentially help the way wethink about NTS. Instead of seeing NTS as an avenue for cooperation that diverts states away fromreconciliation issues, it looks at the history problem as an extended component of NTS where threats tosocieties’ welfare and survival are at stake. This paper utilises a a social psychology approach toreconciliation as a framework to develop this argument, and conclude how NTS efforts by both Japan andSouth Korea may be transient in the long run if they are unable to overcome their longstanding, albeit
relatively stable, relations of enmity.
The Future of South Korean Regional Peace Cooperation
Brendan M. Howe
Graduate School of International Studies, Ewha Womans University
South Korea's recent history has been that of a smaller power surrounded by regional and global
behemoths (often internalised among Koreans as a “shrimp among whales”). There is a strategic imperative,
therefore, for Korea to find a geographical and policy “niche” in which it can get more bang for its buck (orWon), and punch above its relative diplomatic weight. Successive administrations have, perhaps
understandably, been preoccupied with security and survival in the hostile Northeast Asian regional
operating environment. But, given the power differentials vis-à-vis Korea and its local rivals, it is importantthat Seoul does not lose sight of alternative avenues for niche diplomacy. According to South Korean
government’s 100 Policy Tasks Five-Year Plan, the New Northern Policy, and the companion New Southern
Policy, are a part of the Northeast Asia Plus Community of Responsibility project to build a sustainableregional system of cooperation with ASEAN, the “middle power” grouping of MIKTA (Mexico, Indonesia,
South Korea, Turkey, and Australia), India and Northeast Asian states. In particular, Korea’s “New Southern
Policy,” seeks to elevate the relationship with ASEAN countries, as well as India, to the same level as theone between the ROK and its four strategic neighbors - the United States, Russia, China and Japan. Given,
therefore, the middle power diplomacy and people-centred peace (human security) aspirations of theadministration, this paper asks the fundamental question as to which policy offers the best “bang for thebuck” from a South Korean perspective, and whether ASEAN-focused cooperation can spill over into
dealings with Northeast Asian partners.
Do Korea and Japan have any interest in cooperating on NTS challenges in Southeast Asia?
Jaewoo Choo
Department of Chinese Studies, Kyung Hee University
Korea and Japan long ago have found a platform for cooperation in a not too distant region, that is,Southeast Asia. Korea is a late comer to the region whereas Japan was an early bird. Korea started to takeSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
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interest in the region for the same initial ones that Japan held a century ago, economy. However, asSoutheast Asia has become a regional platform for prospective regional cooperation challenges, Korea andJapan began to merge with what appears to be the same strategic interests, e.g. peace and stability,
freedom of navigation, and others alike. However, they have not found a common ground on which they
can stand together to meet the regional challenges. What is the problem? The article will do an in-depth
study on finding reasons as to why they failed to cooperate from a strategic rivalry perspective that they
respectively hold. Hope to be able to build a theoretical ground that can facilitate them to build common
interests, sense of direction and cooperation for the future.
New Perspectives on the History of Japanese – Thai (Siamese) Relations 2
The Workers' Struggle against Japan in Thailand during the Pacific War
Katsuyuki Takahashi
Faculty of Social Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok
This paper analyzes the anti-Japanese movement of workers in Thailand based on contemporary Chinese
newspapers, the writings of former members of Thai Communist Party (TCP), and personal interviews withthem.
After the Thai government had concluded an offensive and defensive alliance with Japan on December 21,
1941, Thailand became a supply base which supported the Japanese military. Thailand produced munitions,daily necessities, and food for Japanese forces. Additionally, as of August 1945, there were 222 Japanesecompanies operating in Thailand. During the war, the Thai Communist Party launched an anti-Japanese
movement, organized workers, strengthened the labor movement, and disrupted the production activities
of Japanese factories.
The TCP held its first party congress at the end of 1942 and decided to organize an anti-Japanese movement
and form a broad united front to oust the Japanese army and to overthrow the Phibun government. The
TCP recognized Thailand as a Japanese colony and therefore Japanese imperialism as Thailand's greatest
enemy. For the TCP, the maintenance of independence was the highest priority, democracy and livelihood
improvement were secondary. The promotion of the socialist revolution could follow at a later time.
The TCP called on workers to work together, harm the Japanese military and the Phibun government bydisrupting production activities using such methods as strikes to raise wages and improve welfare,slowdowns, and sabotage. However, the TCP recognized that it would be impossible to expel the Japanesearmy with this level of resistance. Therefore, the Anti-Japanese Alliance of Thailand was established on 25
November 1944 with the aim of armed struggle and the establishment of its bases.

The Thai Musician Prasidh Silapabanleng (1912-1999) and his Contribution to Thai-Japan Relations
Akiko Yamashita
College of Music, Tokyo

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Thai musician Prasidh Silapabanleng (1912-1999), is considered a pioneer of Western music in Thailand,
was also a traditional Thai musician. And his musical activities are deeply involved in Relationship between
Japan and Thailand. His father is Luang Pradit Pairoh (Sorn Silapabanleng, 1881-1954) who is known as amaster of Thai music. Prasidh first learned Thai music from his father and then Western music at therecommendation of his father. In 1935, Prasidh came to Japan as a Thai music teacher at the Siam national
school of dance and music. This year, the school performed around Japan. This tour was a very large
national event aimed at friendship between Japan and Thailand. Prasidh joined this tour as a Thai musicteacher and played important role. After World War II, he founded PIDM (Phakavali Institute of Dance andMusic). PIDM was a school of traditional Thai dance and music. From the 1950s to the 1970s, PIDM actively
performed in abroad and played an important role in Thailand. Especially in Japan, they focused not only
on performances but also on educational activities in exchanges with educational institutions. PIDM wasestablished as a private institute but at the same time had an official and representative aspect. Therefore,
Prasidh plays a pioneering and important role in prewar and postwar Japan-Thailand exchanges. He should
be re-evaluated as a person who contributed to the friendship between Japan and Thailand.
International Technology Transfer between Thailand and Foreign Countries: Case Studies of Fishing
Industry, 1932-1960
Nipaporn Ratchatapattanakull
Thammasat University
The aim of this presentation is to demonstrate the value of an industrial history approach for the study ofinternational technology transfers between Japan and the United States on the one hand and of Thailand
and Overseas Chinese in the port cities of Southeast Asia on the other hand. This approach reveals how theexchange of fishery knowledge was conducted and transformed during the three decades after the war.
This research posits that the changes of fisheries technological system occurred under particular conditions
in different periods due to changing economic goals, political factors, and technological development andknow–how. During the first period of 1927 – 1960, Thailand’s fisheries technological systems could be
divided into two sectors. The first one was the pre-industrialized technological system and knowledge
possessed by the overseas Chinese, who were the main fishery entrepreneurs in the coastal states including
Thailand, British Malaya, and Dutch East Indies. The second was the industrialized technological andknowledge of private and public companies in Thailand and other countries. The first sector existed alreadybefore 1927, while the second one only started to emerge afterwards with private entrepreneurs being its
major actors. After the end of the Pacific War, the first system was still sustained due to political factors,
which enabled the overseas Chinese in Thailand to become the Thai citizens and to adopt industrial
technology. Meanwhile, the second system was developing processes to improve skills and create practicalSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
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technological innovations. Middle-level entrepreneurs who studied in Japan during the pre-war period andrecognized this opportunity were the prominent actors in this system.

The Role of Suchat Sawatsri in the Reception of Japanese Literature in Thailand during the 1970s
Thanabhorn Treeratsakulchai
Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
Suchat Sawatsri, a Thai prolific writer and editor, was named as a national artist for literature by the
Ministry of Culture in 2011. Although in August 2021, due to his criticism of the government, Suchat wasremoved from the status of a national artist, Suchat has made a huge contribution to the Thai literary world.
But he is also the key figure in the history of the reception of Japanese Literature in Thailand. In 1969,
Suchat became an editor of Sangkhomsat Paritat (1963-1976), the academic journal which played
important role in both the Anti-Japanese movement and the media which published the selected piece ofthe literature that reflected the social problems. After the 6 October 1976 event, as an editor of Lok
Nungsue (1977-1983), Suchat still presented alternative Japanese literature according to his taste and thetrend of Thai literature among the left-wing intellectuals. It may be said that, without Suchat, theawareness of Japanese proletarian literature which countered the popularity of the Japanese literary trendof humanism in Thailand in this period, could not have emerged.
Literature 2
The Personal Narrative and The Self in Ogawa Yoko’s Ninshin Karendaa
Amaliatun Saleha
Universitas Padjadjaran
Ogawa Yoko becomes one of the sensations in the 1990s Japanese literary scene after winning Akutagawa
for her novel Ninshin Karendaa. This novel tells the story of a young woman, portrayed as “Watashi”, wholives with her pregnant sister. Written in a diary form, Watashi narrated her sister’s transformation
throughout her pregnancy, observing the emotional changes and providing commentaries. In this paper, I
will be discussing how Ninshin Karendaa portrays observant woman in the contemporary Japanese culture
and how Watashi as a Japanese young woman’s character is different from the usual woman characters. I
argue that Ogawa Yoko presents Watashi as a different Japanese woman character through her
observation. Watashi’s observation also becomes a narrative mode that enables her to observe her sister
freely and without pretence, and in extension also enables young Japanese woman’s character to safely
express their comments about the socio-cultural daily life. This free and safely expression by the Watashi
can be argued as a form of personal narrative from woman’s point of view about their experience, and thisnarrative constructing the self of woman in a Japanese literary work.

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Keyword: Ogawa Yoko, woman character, personal narrative
Desiring as the Colonial Elite: the pursuing of recognition and the dilemma of double-alienation in
Ikemiyagi Sekihō's Officer Ukuma (Ukumanu Junsa)
Xiaoyu Wang
University of Oregon
My paper analyzes Officer Ukuma (Ukumanu Junsa, 1922), a novella written by Okinawan poet and novelist
Ikemiyagi Sekihō, through the examination of the desire of its Okinawan protagonist, who was born in asocially and economically marginalized Okinawan village while working as the local police officer. In thestory, the protagonist’s desire for social advancement and recognition drives him to actively socialize withhis mainland colleagues and consciously estrange from his Okinawan neighbors. The protagonist’s
intentional aligning with mainlanders and self-differentiating from Okinawans nevertheless results in hisalienation from both sides, making him feel as “a wild beast fallen into a trap” (71). In my analysis, I readthe protagonist’s personal dilemma against the larger context of the 1920s, when the hierarchical power
relations between Okinawa and mainland Japan inevitably forced upon Okinawans the pressure to
assimilate. Yet, the double alienation suffered by the protagonist in Officer Ukuma lays bare the gloomy
reality, in which Okinawans can neither straightforwardly embrace its past nor be completely recognizedby mainland Japan. The trap that confines the novella’s protagonist, I maintain, represents the dilemma
faced by many of the time’s Okinawan intellectuals and elites, whose desire for mainland recognition andeconomic development drove them to follow the mainland standard for civilization, based on which they
initiated the reform of Okinawan culture and customs that were labeled as backward. Ironically, suchendeavors for assimilation became the very force that pushed down Okinawan individuals to a trap, insidewhich they not only suffered from the loss of identity, but were also deprived of the very ability to speak
as subjects.
Encountering Japan through Bengali Travel-writings: Visions for Women's Education
Ankana Bag
Independent scholar
People from countries all over the world developed an interest in knowing more about Japan as Japan
opened its doors after the Meiji Restoration (1868). Undivided Bengal in pre-Independent India was also
harbouring curiosity towards this newly ‘opened up’ country. Bengali luminaries like Narendranath Dutta(more famously known as Swami Vivekananda) and Rabindranath Tagore visited Japan and emphasisedthat people of late nineteenth and early twentieth century Bengal has a lot of things to learn from an
independent Asian country like Japan. Even the common people who travelled to Japan as tourists orstudents from Bengal also held the same opinion that Bengal should be inspired by Japan in a number ofSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
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different aspects, such as social customs, a deep sense of nationalism and the educational opportunities
for women. The freedom of Japanese women and their education was something that was considered arole-model for women in Bengal by all the Bengali travellers who went to Japan in the first few decades of
the twentieth century. The first school for women in Bengal was the Hindu Female School established byJohn Elliot Drinkwater Bethune which was later renamed as Bethune School in 1849. Gradually, the concept
of education for women began to gain momentum but even in the early decades of twentieth century,
activists in the field of women’s education in Bengal were far from satisfied with the results they were able
to achieve.
The scenario of education for Japanese women in Meiji Japan was different than in Bengal. During the
Meiji era (1868-1912) important education laws were implemented, such as the Education Ordinance of1872 which emphasised that it is essential for both girls and boys to receive elementary education and theGirl’s High School Law of 1899 after which it was mandatory to have at least one high school for girls inevery prefecture of Japan. When Bengali students like Manmathnath Ghosh and women activists like
Sarojnalini Dutta travelled to Japan during the Meiji era (1868-1912) and Taisho era (1912-1926) they highly
praised the system of women’s education in Japan in their travel-writings. Focusing on select travelwritings on Japan by Bengali authors, this paper will discuss which aspects of women’s education in Japanwas well-received by the Bengali travellers and how they viewed the necessity of women’s education as apart of the ongoing process of nation-building and struggle for freedom in pre-Independence India.
Migration 3
Social and political attitudes of contemporary migrant community: A statistical study of new ethnic
politics of the Japanese in Greater Sydney
Takeshi Hamano
University of Kitakyushu
Shinsuke Funaki
Fukui Prefectural University
In a settler society such as Australia, the migrant community has been regarded as a relatively exclusive
social unit based on its common cultural heritage. Sharing familiar customs, languages, and residential
concentration are all factors demonstrating the internal coherence and collectivity of these communities.
On the premise of its shared cultural background, ethnic community and its social and political activities
have been assumed to play a substantial role in mediating new arrivals to the mainstream society. While
those functional and symbolic roles of the ethnic community of migrants would still be important agenda
in migration studies, a critical gaze toward the growth of internal diversity, partly derived from the adventof new generations and socio-geographical distributions among co-ethnics, should not be dismissed.
Keeping this in mind; this presentation aims to assess the extent to which the contemporary Japanese
ethnic community in Australia has integrated into the local community. Based on a large-scale survey
conducted in 2016, with more than 400 local Japanese migrants living in Greater Sydney, it investigatesSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
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how different socio-cultural backgrounds of the Japanese ethnic community represented by a broader
range of residential distribution in the region affect their attitude to economic, political, and social
integration to Australian society. Enquiring about conventional images of the ethnic Japanese community
in Australia of homogenous middle-class settlers, it also conducts a statistical analysis to realize how theiraccessibility to social resources and local community engagements depend upon different social
circumstances beyond ethnocultural characteristics. Finally, in addition to the fact that the internal
diversity of ethnic Japanese community reflects in its wider geographical residential distribution, thispresentation proposes a more alternative approach to the understandings of ethnic politics and activism
in the Japanese ethnic community in contemporary Australia.
Indonesian Migrants in Japanese Black Company: A study on Trust and Decision Making
Mutiara Rachmadini Effendi
Universitas Indonesia
This study aims to investigate the role of trust in decision making by Indonesian migrant workers resigningfrom a black company in Japan. Two Indonesian female students residing in Japan for two years became
fresh graduates and soon were invited to work in, later known as, black companies. The first person decided
to speak up via social media, and later the other requested to be shown up as her guest in an interview
setting short video.
Black company or ブ ラ ッ ク 企 業 (burakku kigyou), shortened from "blacklisted company", was aterminology originally used in Japanese internet magazine to refer a company that is likely illegal, has bold
power, sexual, or financial harassment, and/or has an unhealthy labor culture or high turnovers. The datais transcribed from the interview session by both of the speakers. Powell and Smith-Doerr (1994) argued
that migrants typically made important decisions, especially for working, based on trust for the urgency of
networking. This study suggests that both of the ex-workers were invited and driven by trusting thepeople who promoted the later known black companies, but aspired that trust should be led by law, andthey are now providing new information for people to trust them to avoid the similar case.
Transnational Mobility and Experience of Indonesian Creative Labor in Japan
Upik Sarjiati
Research Center for Area Studies, National Research and Inovation Agency (PRW-BRIN)
An animation production is highly globalized and show increasing interconnectedness within and between
different regions and countries through offshore and outsourcing practices. Animation production consistsof diverse works and involved numerous big enterprises, small animation studios operated by few
personnel, and also huge number of freelancers around the world. Technological development inanimation production from hand-drawn cell animation to computer graphic image (CGI), internet networkSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
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facilities, and availability of various animation 3D software expand the production network and create job
opportunities across regions. Although the animation production is highly globalized, there are many
Indonesian creative labor move to Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, and United States. This study focused on
mobility of Indonesian creative labor in Japan, and their work experience in animation and game studios
with diverse workplace cultures. The migration motivation to Japan, mobility pattern, and network will also
be discussed. The study founds that Indonesian creative labor had work experience in big animation studios
in Indonesia and Malaysia prior move to Japan. Their reasons moving to Japan are looking for work
experience in animation studio and assuming Japan as a dream country to be visited and lived in. Although
there are high-frequency labor mobility, Indonesian creative labor mostly work in more ‘globalized’ studiodue to Japanese language barrier. Working in globalized studio that employs many foreigners and uses
English as communication tools is considered as more openness, dynamic and lively compare with working
in Japanese studio.
Labor Migration from Thailand to Japan via the Technical Intern Training Program
Piya PongsapitaksantiKyoto Sangyo University
Piyada Chonlaworn
Tenri University
With Japan’s rapidly declining population and shrinking birth rate, small and medium companies in theindustrial and agricultural sector are struggling to gain manpower. One common method of obtaining lowskilled and cheap labor is using the Technical Intern Training Program (TITP) to hire foreign temporary
workers. Workers called “intern trainees” currently comprise about 20% of all foreign workers in Japan. So
far there are many studies on this subject, but quantitative survey research on technical intern trainees islimited and mostly focused on Chinese and Vietnamese trainees.
This paper examines the experiences of Thai intern trainees using 87 questionnaire surveys conducted from2019 to 2021 and compares their experience to that of Thai migrant workers who worked in Japan before
2010. The survey reveals significant differences between the two groups including average age, educational
background, and motivations for coming to Japan to work.
Most intern trainees earn around \120,001-140,000 a month (approx. $1,090-1,275 or 35,000-41,000baht); this is less than migrant workers who came in the 1990s, who earned an average of 50,000-75,000
baht ($1,500-2,200). Current workers send 80% of their money back home and live economically, yet morethan half are satisfied with their lives in Japan and with their supervising organizations.
There are some contradictions in the survey results. While more than half of the respondents said thatcoming to Japan was the right decision, less than half said they wanted to continue working after theirthree-year contract end. This is probably because earning money is not their only reason for coming toJapan. When they found that jobs in Japan paid less than expected, they did not want to continue working.

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This is why the number of specified skilled workers from Thailand is the lowest of all the ASEAN countries.
Another contradiction is that more than half of the respondents would like to renew their contract but not
all of them would recommend the TITP to others.
We can see that the pattern of labor migration has changed very little from the 1980s until today; migrant
workers pay high recruitment fees to work low-paid and low-skilled jobs, remit most of their income backhome and live economically. Most migrant workers in the 1990s did not have savings or occupational
mobility after their return home and ended up wanting to emigrate again. Likewise, it is debatable if labor
migration to Japan in the twenty-first century can accommodate workers’ upward mobility. More followup surveys must be conducted to answer this question.
Philippine Nikkeijin as Agents of Multiculturalism: Comparisons between Philippine and JapaneseContexts
Antonio Emmanuel R. Miranda
University of the Philippines - Diliman
Prior to the normalization of Philippines-Japan diplomatic relations in 1956, the existence of Philippine
nikkeijin attests to Japan’s historical interactions with foreign cultures and its rich cultural contacts with
the Philippines in the early 20th century. Throughout the postwar period, the activities and contributionsof Philippine nikkeijin have been centered on their protracted struggle for political and legal recognition as
an ethnic minority, thus accentuating the multicultural contexts of the Philippines and Japan characterized
by the progression of pertinent discourses and policy models. This study aims to investigate the relevanceof Philippine nikkeijin in the development of multiculturalism in the Philippines and Japan by examining
their experiences and worldviews. It argues that Philippine nikkeijin are agents of multiculturalism in
Philippine and Japanese environments, wherein they exhibit flexibility and influence in building strongsocial networks, negotiating their interests with state actors, and leveraging various sources of culturalvalues. Although their agency is constricted by the contrasting multicultural contexts and prevalentdiscourses in the two countries, Philippine nikkeijin have the potential to become new catalysts ofcontemporary sociocultural relations between the Philippines and Japan through their ability to facilitate
cultural understanding. This research was guided by an analytical framework of multiculturalism that is
operationalized as a multifaceted body of discourses that seeks to comprehend the experiences, interests,
and interactions of ethnic minorities within their social contexts. With a comparative case study
methodology on Philippine nikkeijin residing in the Philippines and Japan, similarities and differences intheir profile and multicultural experiences were assessed through the triangulation of secondary works
featuring in-depth interviews and primary data such as statistics and policy frameworks.

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5:00 pm – 7:00 pm Concurrent Sessions
International Relations 3
Political, Economic and Environmental Impacts of Wildlife Trade from Southeast Asia to Concurrent
Japan in Northeast Asia
Monir Hossain Moni
Program on Japan & Global Affairs, Bangladesh Asia Institute for Global Studies (BAIGS)
Observing that the criminal trafficking of drugs and arms is a common phenomenon in the financial
globalization epoch, the globe is at the same time coping with an unprecedented spike in illegal trade ofwildlife as undomesticated animals. While such a multi-billion dollar business despite some concerted
initiatives has dramatically escalated over the last several years, legal commerce in exotic animals (otherthan tamed pets) is also widespread. Very succinctly, both unlawful and lawful businesses dealing with the
products (ivory, skin, bone, meat, etc., derived from alive or dead wild animals) constitute one of theworld’s not only most economic ventures in local and global markets but also very crucial politicalcontroversies that affect any national government. Redundantly, trading such animal commodities has anadverse impact on the viability of many wildlife population habitats and the survival of vertebrate animal
species, when seriously threatening to abolish previous ecosystem and overturn the decades ofenvironmental conservation gains for our vulnerable and insecure earth.
Against this rational background, the paper on such a topical issue generally explores political dogmas,
economic profits as well as environmental concerns entangled with the wildlife trading practices between
Japan and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) from the standpoints of human-animalnature nexus. However, the study tries its best to particularly answer the two most relevant questions asfollows: (1) How do loopholes within the Japanese official laws undermine Southeast Asia’s efforts to stop
illicit trade, because this country as the world’s largest market allegedly offers opportunities for thisregion’s smugglers regardless of Tokyo’s diplomatic policy for wildlife protection? (2) Why are many
Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, etc.) viewed as major exporters of wildcaught animals to Japan as the most sizable importer, even though the ASEAN as part of its nascentregionalism regularly vows to rein black-market wildlife trade?
In any case, this creative piece arguably shows how Japan and ASEAN together with the involved
stakeholders including civil society can place greater East Asia amid the 21st century Anthropocene change
but challenge, rather than simply pursuing their self-seeking interests in a traditional manner of lucrative
wildlife buying and selling with booming consumers’ demands from Japan and accordingly considerable
goods’ supplies from ASEAN. The scholarly work conclusively suggests that today’s society of Japan as anSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
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exemplary proponent for nature, climate and environment matured historically since the dawn of its
industrial revolution must have its idiosyncratic culture of roles to relentlessly play in helping build a moreanimal-friendly, human-centered, environmentally-balanced as well as sustainability-driven planet, mainly
by sharing information at the trans-boundary level for maintenance of wildlife resources and governanceof wildlife trade treaty regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora (CITES) of such multilateral institution as the United Nations (UN).
To achieve the interdisciplinary and comparative research’s goals, the following useful concepts will
methodically be defined: ‘Anthropocene’, ‘wildlife trade’, ‘resource diplomacy’, ‘international political
economy’, etc. Besides, this project will rely on both hard and soft data sources.
An Assessment of the New Goods Margin between Japan and CMLV countries
Irwin Cruz
Ateneo de Manila University
Growth in exports along extensive margins has been observed during periods of trade liberalization.
Following the methodology of Kehoe and Ruhl (2013), this study evaluates the changes in the share of total
value of the least traded export goods from CMLV countries to Japan before and after the ratification of
the ASEAN-Japan FTA. For each of the four countries, a baseline of HS lines of products comprising 10% of
total export value in 2009 was created from the BACI dataset. The analyses show that by 2018 the share ofleast traded goods to Japan have risen to 69% of total export value for Cambodia, 57% for Myanmar and
55% for Laos. For Vietnam, the rise is a modest 29%.
Assessing the role of Japanese Green Aid in Deciphering Asian Environmental Challenge
Swati Arora
Jawaharlal Nehru University, India

The role of aid and aid institutions cannot be undermined in determining the tremendous efforts towards
mitigating current global environmental change. In order to overcome the current environmental
challenges, aid provides a contributing solution. Hence, to achieve global sustainability, efforts are essential
in forming collaborative environmental engagement and bold reforms. The concept of aid effectiveness inthis regard has been seen and evaluated by analysts by assessing the effectiveness of the projects andstrategies developed by the donor country to promote economic growth or reduce environmental
challenges in the receipt countries. Japan’s foreign aid effectiveness as one of the largest donors in the
Asian community attracts evaluation because of its relative importance in the region.

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
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The paper deals with the question of how effective is Japan’s foreign environmental aid with regards topromotion of sustainable development in its neighboring Asian countries while using the Theory of Altruism
to lead transformation. This paper addresses the question “how effective is Japan’s environmental aid?”by analysing the rationale behind its aid distribution in Asian countries to seek an answer for “has itprovided solutions to Asian environmental dilemma?”
Keywords: Green Aid; Environmental Conservation; ODA; Aid-Effectiveness
Environmental education in japan and practical experience for Vietnam
Nguyen Hai Dang
Kagoshima university
Japan in the 1970s was achieve a lot of success in economics goals. During this time, factories, compaies
has expanded over the country. After that, the environment issues started rapidly rising focre thegovernment has to take the environment issues more serious. Environment law and consensus of japanesepeople lead japan now is one of the best country in the world about friendly environment country. Among
that, environmental education and natural schools (環境教育と自然学校) has been developed. Since
1992, the environment education was first introduced and after that, with education for sustainable
development goals (ESD), environmental education becomes the next step of government to resolve thesociety, environmential issuses in the future.
To receive that achievement, environment education focus on naturally interest in the environment insidechildren. By experiential activities and social contacts , children will be more likely interested in natural andsocial behavior could be advanced.
Nowadays, there is significant sign that VietNam will enhance the economic in the future. With the rapidly
rising in GDP growth, environment and society will be a considerable matter in the near future. Therefore
to decrease the effects of economic growth or prevent that. The experience from japan are valuablelessons for development countries like Viet Nam.
International Relations 4
Navigating Japan's Foreign Policy from Within: The Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy and its Impact
on Japan-ASEAN Relations
Jonald T. Bagasina
University of the Philippines-Diliman
The adoption of Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) Initiative as part of Japan's foreign policy has raisedscholarly attention since its declaration in 2016. The focus on the rising Indo- Pacific region is a muchneeded move for Japan considering the multipolar characteristic of global order that has paved way for
middle-power countries to assert dominance and consolidate power for economic security. This paperSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
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explores how the FOIP mirrors Japan's national interests in the region and the vitality of Southeast Asia inthis geostrategic Indo-Pacific. Discussions will revolve around the following questions: (i) how does Japan's
current domestic economic and political situations shape the directions and outcomes of FOIP Initiative?;(ii) how important is Southeast Asia as a geo-strategic region for Japan in its pursuit of FOIP?; and (iii) how
does FOIP impact and shape Japan-ASEAN relations? This is a descriptive research and data were based
and gathered from secondary sources primarily research journal articles, published articles and policy
briefs in government websites and research think tanks, articles from main news outlets, official
government documents, and policy speeches accessed from government sites. The discussion and analysisof this paper are limited only to Japan's FOIP Initiative and largely its economic domain and how domestic
politics drives it. It is not the intention of this paper to generally evaluate Japan's entire Foreign policy as
FOIP is just one of the many foreign policies of Japan. Furthermore, it does not include much of the UnitedStates' interest and perspective to such geostrategic location. The paper argues that the direction of Japan's
foreign policy is wired up to its domestic landscape and the stability of its domestic affairs would greatly
affect the trajectory of its foreign policy directives. Japan's internal economic and political situations will
determine the future of its external engagement, including Southeast Asia.
Cultural Diplomacy Through Tourism in Developing Cultural Understanding Between Japanese,Indonesian and Malaysian
Nur Widiyanto
Ambarrukmo Tourism Institute Yogyakarta
The paper aimed at deeply exploring the role of tourism in enhancing cultural understanding between
Japanese and Indonesian due to the fact that the various sad events during Japan colonization in the pasthas been still continuously produced through the Indonesian educational system. In the context of postindependence of Indonesia particularly started from the New Order administration, public diplomacy
between Indonesian government and Japan has been colored by political and economic dimension, whichis initiated by the government itself. Thus, the paper articulates how tourism as a non-state initiative
diplomacy as the alternative way to enhance the better cultural understanding between people from twocountries. Through the library and desk research, findings from various sources show that tourism can betaken as the alternative cultural diplomacy to develop the better international cultural relation between
Japanese and Indonesian in Yogyakarta by directly exchanging ideas, knowledge, culture and also
experiences. In many cases, direct interaction between Indonesian and Japan could break the wall of many
misunderstanding between people of two countries, including how Japanese military are often describedas cruel, bad and terrifying during the colonization era. Then, this grass-root diplomacy through tourism,
together with the influx of Indonesian workers to Japan in the few last decades should be considered as
the alternative cultural diplomacy, due to the increase role of private sectors on international relation issue
within this digital era.

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021

“Charter Flight” in Cooperation Between Vietnam and Japan for Tourism Development
Loi Hong Van
Ngo Thanh Loan
Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh
In tourism, "charter flight" is a type of package tour that includes all services such as round-trip flights,
accommodations, meals, shuttle buses, tour guides, and sightseeings services. International tour by charter
flight is progressively becoming a trend, with rising in frequency, quantity, routes, thank to flexible
departure time and direct flights to the major tourist destinations.
Charter flights have been available in commercial form in Vietnam since 2013 and have taken an importantrole in the rise of tourism between Vietnam and Japan. However, not many people realize that the rapid
advancement of this travel type is promoted through the active programs made by a number of OutboundTour Operators in Japan and Vietnam.
This article aims to introduce the organization and operation of charter flights that Vietnam - Japan Service
and Trading Company Limited (VJSC) and Vietnam Travel and Marketing Transports Joint Stock Company(Vietravel) have invested. Based on observation of some chapter flights operated by these two enterprises,
the paper also evaluates the advantages and limits of this type of tour organization. Our final objective is
to explain what has fostered the development of charter flights and how this development has altered thetourism policy between Vietnam and Japan.
21st Century Rivalry: The Case of Sino-Japanese Competition in Southeast Asia
Kristine Olive B. Caravana
De La Salle University
This study will examine how rival states in the 21st century compete under the condition of economic
interdependence and understand the tools being used by states to compete. This study will look at the caseof the Sino-Japanese rivalry in the infrastructure sector of Southeast Asia. The decline in the use of military
power after the Cold War allowed states to be more economically interdependent with one another. As
power projection moves away from hard military power, states had to look for other instruments to display
their influence in the international arena. This paved the way for the emergence of competition throughgeoeconomics. Using the lens of neoliberalism and commercial liberalism, this study views theinfrastructure rivalry between China and Japan as a product of the (1) restraints posed by the population
input of both countries, (2) the drive to fulfill the goals and visions of international economic institutions,Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
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and (3) the cost-effectiveness of geoeconomics rather than military war in the accumulation of wealth ofstates and firms and pursuit of national interests. It has been evident in the past few years that ASEAN
member-states need to address their infrastructure gap in order to become highly integrated and facilitate
better trade and connectivity. This demand for infrastructure development gives opportunity to China andJapan to compete over the infrastructure projects in the region. On the one hand, the Sino-Japanese rivalryin Southeast Asia’s infrastructure development supports the ASEAN vision of integration and allows ASEAN
member-states enjoy the fruits of the competition. On the other hand, the rivalry allows both countries toadvance the practices, values, and interests they want to establish in the region through the Belt and Road
Initiative and the Quality Infrastructure Investment strategy. China and Japan make use of geoeconomics,
specifically infrastructure assistance, to project their influence and advance their interests in a region thatis moving towards stronger integration. As the means of power projection among rival states continuously
change, there is a constant need to study the evolution of state rivalries as previous discussions pertaining
to the competition among states may no longer be applicable today.
Literature 3
The Image of the Elderly in the Films An (Sweet Bean) and Oke Rojin! (Golden Orchestra)
Lili Febriyani, S.S., M.Si
Universitas Gadjah Mada
People who have entered the final phase of life or elderly people, are often labeled with negative
stereotypes regarding physical, psychological, and sociological changes. Various descriptions of the selfimage of the elderly appear in various texts. This article discusses the image of the elderly in two Japanesefilms, namely An (Sweet Bean) and Oke Rojin! (Golden Orchestra). By using Activity Theory, Successful
Aging, and Loneliness, the research tries to analyze the image of the elderly that is constructed individuallyand in groups using the Content Analysis method. From the results of a thorough analysis of thecomponents in the film, it can be concluded that the positive image of the elderly is constructed by looking
for gaps of excellence from the shortcomings they have, and the positive image does not eliminate thedepiction of the negative image. The elderly from both films try to make good use of old age, leaving theworks in different ways, namely Tokue Yoshii with his red bean butter and the elderly orchestra with theirfirst music and concerts.
Keywords: image of the elderly; activity theory; film; successful aging
In the Case of Interconnectedness in Storytelling: The Re-experiencing of the Typical and Ordinary in Leg
Men (Philippines) and Spirited Away (Japan)
Josephine May Grace Famoso
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021
Making the familiar appear strange is an artistic quality apparent in both Japanese and Filipino storytelling.
Invariably, most stories shared in Japan and Southeast Asia are an escape to a recognizable tunnel and an
arrival to the unknown fantastical realm. In this study, the experience of defamiliarization is explored in
the representative art forms, Leg Men and Spirited Away. Using the qualitative-descriptive tool to compare
both art forms, the link between the literatures from the Philippines and Japan is examined. In the shortstory, Leg Men by Dominique Cimafranca, it reveals how the manananggal’s (a vampire-like mythicalcreature) transformation is seen as beautiful when in most accounts of mythical works the manananggal isdescribed as utterly ghastly. It also uncovers the images of the usual people in our society through aseemingly unfamiliar event such as the sightings of a mananaggal. The Filipino short story is in fact a social
commentary. The appearance of the manananggal occasions the actions and reactions of various people
in the society; and these actions and reactions describe them. The story is scarcely about the mythicalcreature itself. In Spirited Away by the notable animator, Hayao Miyazaki, however, it shows the myths ofJapanese culture, in particular, the character of a water dragon, named Haku. Nevertheless, thepresentation of the character is entirely postmodern, it shape shifts from a mythical creature to a humanwhich is a re-experience of the myth. The animated film also observes the features of advancing technology
all the while holding on to the remnants of the past. The animated film is actually a reaction to globalization.
Thus, the vivid imagery of culture and society in the backdrop of Japanese and Filipino stories provide a
new and different rendition to the typical narratives evoking specific effects and starting a literary discourse.
Encountering Japan through Bengali Travel-writings: Visions for Women's Education
Ankana Bag
Independent scholar
People from countries all over the world developed an interest in knowing more about Japan as Japan
opened its doors after the Meiji Restoration (1868). Undivided Bengal in pre-Independent India was also
harbouring curiosity towards this newly ‘opened up’ country. Bengali luminaries like Narendranath Dutta(more famously known as Swami Vivekananda) and Rabindranath Tagore visited Japan and emphasisedthat people of late nineteenth and early twentieth century Bengal has a lot of things to learn from an
independent Asian country like Japan. Even the common people who travelled to Japan as tourists orstudents from Bengal also held the same opinion that Bengal should be inspired by Japan in a number ofdifferent aspects, such as social customs, a deep sense of nationalism and the educational opportunities
for women. The freedom of Japanese women and their education was something that was considered arole-model for women in Bengal by all the Bengali travellers who went to Japan in the first few decades of
the twentieth century. The first school for women in Bengal was the Hindu Female School established byJohn Elliot Drinkwater Bethune which was later renamed as Bethune School in 1849. Gradually, the concept
of education for women began to gain momentum but even in the early decades of twentieth century,
activists in the field of women’s education in Bengal were far from satisfied with the results they were able
to achieve.

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
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The scenario of education for Japanese women in Meiji Japan was different than in Bengal. During
the Meiji era (1868-1912) important education laws were implemented, such as the Education Ordinanceof 1872 which emphasised that it is essential for both girls and boys to receive elementary education and
the Girl’s High School Law of 1899 after which it was mandatory to have at least one high school for girls inevery prefecture of Japan. When Bengali students like Manmathnath Ghosh and women activists like
Sarojnalini Dutta travelled to Japan during the Meiji era (1868-1912) and Taisho era (1912-1926) they highly
praised the system of women’s education in Japan in their travel-writings. Focusing on select travelwritings on Japan by Bengali authors, this paper will discuss which aspects of women’s education in Japanwas well-received by the Bengali travellers and how they viewed the necessity of women’s education as apart of the ongoing process of nation-building and struggle for freedom in pre-Independence India.
Heroic characters of Japanese comics and cartoons and the favourite of Vietnamese youth
Hoang Thi My NHI
Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences
Anime and manga have long been at the heart of Japanese culture. Japanese comics have been popular in
Vietnam since the 1990s. After television and the internet were widely developed, Japanese anime has
become more and more popular in Vietnam. One of the factors that attracts readers is the heroic characters.
This images is created from Japanese culture, life and people and the ingenious creativity of the authors
have brought special heroes’ symbols. The study will conduct a number of typical works and survey to theyoung people based on the age group from 5 to 15, including both male and female who regularly read andare interested in animation and comics. The article focuses on clarifying the appearance, character trait
and actions of heroes; analyzing the function of the characters and the ideology of the work; relationshipbetween social life, author and works. In addition, through conducting an investigation, survey andassessment of teenagers’ perspectives about these heroic characters, the study explores some featured
images, creativity techniques and the aesthetic of the author which attracted young readers. The resultsof the article will contribute to clarifying the attraction of Japanese popular culture affecting thecontemporary cultural life of young people in Vietnam.
Meaning-making Process behind Transnational Text Appropriation: Analysis of Japanese Television
Drama 1 Rittoru no Namida and its Indonesian Adaptation Buku Harian Nayla
Aldrie Alman Drajat
Kobe University
This study discusses the meaning-making process of the soap opera "Nayla's Diary," which adapted aJapanese TV drama "One Litre of Tears.” In 2006 Nayla's Diary was broadcast by RCTI, a large private TV
station in Indonesia. Not long after its broadcast, there was a polemic on the internet that started with theSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
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disappointment of Japanese TV drama fans who thought Nayla's Diary was nothing more than plagiarismof One Liter of Tears. With a cultural studies approach, I will analyze Nayla's Diary with a mixed method.
I first analyzed the textual aspects of the two works and saw the messages conveyed. From the comparative
analysis of the two texts, it was found that each text has a different message, which can be seen from thevisual, story, and acting aspects. 1 Liter of Tears represents ataxia disease and the challenges faced bypeople with disabilities. There is a discourse on normalizing people with disabilities and educating theaudience about degenerative diseases. On the other hand, Nayla's Diary does not provide a precise
representation of ataxia and people with disabilities. However, this adaptation work is fabricated by adding
aspects of Christianity to it. Also, there are modifications to the characterization of female characters that
resonate with the rules in Indonesian soap operas.
The emphasis on Christianity has meaning if we look at the social context that affects the paradigm of
popular culture in Indonesia. Since the 2000s, Indonesia has entered a period of Islamization, which also
has an impact on the rapid representation of Islam in popular media, especially in screen culture. Frominterviews conducted with scriptwriter Nayla's Diary, it is known that the production side has struggled
because the Islamization of the media has narrowed the space for Christian expression in screen culture.
Then, I conducted digital ethnography to analyze the consumption of Nayla's Diary by reading audience
comments on Nayla's Diary on YouTube. YouTube is an essential alternative space because it contains
critical discussions about Nayla's Diary that cannot be found in the “formal” arena. This is assumed because
soap operas have an institutionalized stigma as entertainment that has low quality and negatively
influences the audience.
With critical discourse analysis, I found that the activity of watching Nayla's Diary on YouTube is discursive
and resonates with the struggles experienced by the production side of Nayla's Diary. A vital discourse thatcan be read from users' opinions on YouTube is the spirit of Post-Islamism, which demands equality of
expression for all religions and the modernization of the Islamic image in Indonesia. This research concludes
that there is an intersection between the production of text adaptations, politics, and social class in the
production and consumption of Nayla's Diary that further challenges thesis about Indonesian soap opera
audiencehood.
Disaster
How disasters affect work organization - Studying the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the use of
telework in Japan
Julien MARTINE
East Asian Civilizations Research Centre
In Japan, as in most developed countries, the COVID-19 crisis had led to renewed interest for telework as
a Business Continuity Management tool. Indeed, this practice experienced a boom from the beginning of
2020, with a peak of use never reached so far between the months of April and June 2020. This researchaims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the development of telework in Japan. In the first partSoutheast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021of this study, we take stock of the development of telework in Japan before the onset of the COVID-19
crisis. This analytical work makes it possible to define the Japanese specificity in terms of the use of
telework, as well as to highlight the dynamics underway among companies before the crisis. In a second
step, we seek to assess the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the degree of telework use. We are particularlyinterested in the evolution of disparities according to industries, geographical location or company size.
We then look at the nature and degree of difficulties encountered by workers in using telework during thefirst two quarters of 2020. In a third step we seek to explain why telework has not developed as much as it
has in other OECD countries and discuss the future prospects for telework in Japanese work practices.
Japan’s School Safety for Children and Youth Resilience: Configuring Model Adaptation for Schools in
ThailandReni Juwitasari
Mae Fah Luang University
Being the Asian role model of Disaster Management Best Practice, Japan has significantly supported
improving Human Resource Development capacity in Global South nations. Through the Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Japan introduces the School Safety Concept to Thailand to
improve the children’s disaster resilience capacity in three dimensions: life safety, traffic safety, anddisaster safety under Japan’s principles of ODA Charter and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction(SFDRR). This research examines Japan’s School Safety Concept to improve disaster-based safety forchildren and youth and recognizes the best practice from the concept in the Thai context. Despite the factthat disaster education in Thailand has reached a knowledge-based level as early as grade 6, practice-based
disaster preparation as experiential learning is inadequate. JICA has contributed to Thai disaster education
in some provinces in Thai compulsory schools by simulating the “Iza! Kaeru Caravan! (IKC)” method. This
research tries to adapt Japan’s IKC model to Chiang Rai, which has increased earthquake risk. Previously,
the province is not included in the JICA category of school-based disaster risk targets because the indicators
merely include flooding, landslide, and tsunami. Inspired by Merleau-Ponty’s “structure of behavior”
pedagogic philosophy, this research conducts a simulation technique for 50 school children in Chiang Rai
to contextualize Japan’s model of “IKC” in the earthquake setting. This research applies Bernstein’sclassification and framing to qualitatively justify Japan’s School Safety Concept in Chiang Rai local schools.
The research discovers 1) the JICA model is strongly framed for earthquake disaster education and 2)
Ponty’s phenomenology “know-how-to” has intervened benefit experience to improve positive attitude
towards disaster strikes.
Keywords: Japan’s ODA, Disaster Education, School Children, School Safety, Pedagogy Philosophy

Southeast Asia and Japan: Bonds and Connections towards 2030
7th Biennial International e-Conference of the Japanese Studies Association for Southeast Asia
15 – 17 December 2021

Japan’s Disaster-related Science Diplomacy with Southeast Asia: Dimensions, Priorities, and Outcomes
Glenn Fernandez
Sichuan University - Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Science has been increasingly used as a tool for diplomacy. More and more countries are collaborating todevelop scientific solutions to global challenges like sustainable development, climate change, and disasterrisk reduction. Science is actively used to bridge countries and enhance their diplomatic relationship. These
partnerships and connections have given rise to the emerging field of Science Diplomacy, which has three
dimensions: (1) “science for diplomacy” (using science cooperation to improve international relations
between countries); (2) “diplomacy for science” (facilitating international science cooperation); and (3)“science in diplomacy” (informing foreign policy objectives with scientific advice). Japan formallydesignated Science Diplomacy as an issue of national importance in 2011, when the Japanese government
issued its 4th Science and Technology Basic Plan. Previously, people working in the Science and Technology
sphere, those inside Japan and those dispatched to developing countries as part of Official Development
Assistance, attached little consideration to diplomacy when they were part of international collaborative
projects. It was only quite recently that science is viewed as a diplomatic tool in Japan. This study reviews
Japan’s major disaster-related Science Diplomacy projects in Southeast Asia since 2011, particularly thoseunder the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), a
program implemented by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA). The aim of the study is to provide insights into how Japan has been using
Science Diplomacy to enhance its relationship with the 10 member countries of the Association ofSoutheast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Based on content analysis of project documents, this study identifies the
Science Diplomacy dimensions of the relevant SATREPS projects, their priorities vis-à-vis the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development Goals targets, and the outputs andoutcomes so far of the projects. The study hopes to identify some trends and to provide a glimpse of the
future outlook of Japan’s Science Diplomacy with Southeast Asia.