Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 55, 2002

Laboratory and Epidemiology Communications
SuⅣeillance of Poliovirus‑Isolates in Japan, 200 1

Tetsuo Yoneyama*, Akira Sasagawal, Masayuki Kikuchi2, Nobuji Noda3,NaomiShinkawa4, KimiYoshida5 and Tatsuo Miyamura
Department of mroloBy II, National Institute ofInfectioLiS Diseases,
Musashimurayama 208‑0011
1Niigata Prefectural Research Laborato7yfor Health and Environment,
Niigata 950‑2144,
2salPOrO Cio, Institute ofPublic Health,
Sapporo 003‑8505,

3Glfu Prefectural Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences,

Glfu 500‑8226,
4Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Environmental Research and Public Health,Kagoshima 892‑0853 and5Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science,
Ehime 790‑0003

Communicated by Tatsuo Miyamura(Accepted May 10, 2002)

contact infections kom tlnkn0wnVaCCinees,

In 2001 , 20 poliovirus isolates were obtained kom 12 clinicalpatients and two healthy individuals in seven prefectures inThere were no vaccine‑associated paralytic poliomyelitis

Japan. They were sent to the National Institute of Infectious
Diseases (NIID) and subjected to intratypic differentiation(VAPP) confirmed byvirus isolation. Interesting was a 38‑year‑old male case found in Kyoto; the case was clinicalby the PCR‑restriction &agment length polymorphism method

poliomyelitis and, though vinュs isolation was negative,

developed by Dr, Radu Crainic (1). As shown in Table 1, allshowed a rise of neutralization antibody agalnSt pOliovims

were fわund to be vaccine‑derived. From three transient

type 2 in the patient's cerebrospinal nuid. He was probably

paralysュs Cases Which were probably associated with oral

infected by poliovirus throughhis healthy daughter who

poliovirus vaccine (OPV), four isolates were obtained. Their

received OPV one month befわre. Similar adlllt poliomyelitis

serotypes were dissimilar (cases 2, 10, and ll). Case 1 wascases by contact infection from asymptomatic vaccinees inprobably unrelated to OPV which he received because thethe patient's family were reported in Hokkaido in 1 998 (2) andinteⅣal between the vaccination and the onset ofparalysISin Miyazal(i Prefecture in 2000 (3). Types 1 and 3 polioviruses

was only one day. Five isolates were obtained舟om fわur non‑were isolated respectively fiom these cases.

vaccinees in Niigata Prefecture &om April to June, onewithtransient paralysis and thre?without paralysis (cases 4, 5,poliomyelitis declined dramatically in Japan. However, 36

After the introduction of OPV in 1961, the incidence of7, and 10); as vaccination ln the spnng season had been

VAPP cases ye.re reported in 1970‑2000 (3)･ Thoughimplemented in the area, those isolations were consideredextremely low ln Incidence, VAPP never disappears. Paralysis

Table L Characterization poliovirus isolates in 2001

完a.:e code Area Age Sex vDaactcelnOaftl.n Pnastee.Of ?aaie,lOifng dCili;C.aslis Serotype
101‑151‑1201‑012‑1301‑211‑11YNiigata

M01‑04‑27(2nd)

01‑04‑280ト05‑01

Transientparalysis

HM F O1‑05‑0801‑05‑170ト05‑21

TransientparalysIS Polio 1 &2

Vaccine｣ikeGifu

10M M 01‑05‑2101‑05124

01‑05‑24

Fisher'ssyndrome Polio 1,2&3

Vaccine‑like01‑151‑2

Niigata

1YMNone01‑04‑05

50ト151‑3

Niigata5MMNone

0 1 ‑04‑24

0 1 ‑04‑25

601‑151‑4Niigata

1Oト04‑06

Oト04‑2101‑04‑21

70ト15ト5

Niigata

1YNone0 1 ‑04‑20801‑15ト6Niigata

3Y99‑05‑200 1 ‑04‑260 I ‑04‑27901‑15ト7Niigata

1Y M 01‑05‑1701‑05‑1701‑05‑301‑06‑1201‑06‑1601‑151‑81101‑46日

121314

Kagoshima

01‑211‑2Ehime

Niigata

MFFM

None

2Y M 01‑06‑14(2nd)Gifu

01‑38日lM

1YNiigata

01‑151‑9Vaecine‑like

Sapporo410

諾gea霊.ion

Polio3HM

M01107M

7M F 01‑10‑05

Dia汀hea

01‑09‑2701‑10‑16*Corresponding author: Fax: +8ト42‑56 1 ‑4729, E‑mail:tyoneyam@nih.gojp
57

Polio

2&3polio2Vaccine‑like&3

Vaccine‑like

Dian･hea Polio 3

Vaccine‑like

1

Diarrhea

Polio

TransientparalysIS

Healthy

Healthy

Vaccine‑like

3

Vaccine‑HkePolio

TransientparalysIS Polio3

0日0‑30

Vaccine‑like

Gastroenteritis Polio 301‑08‑30

None

Fever

Gastroenteritis Polio 30 1 ‑04‑2301‑07‑30

Oト05‑319M

0ト04‑07

Polio2

Polio2

Kawasaki disease Polio 1 &3

1

Vaccine‑like

Vaccine‑like
Vaccine‑like

Vaccine‑like
Vaccine‑likeJpn. I. Infect. Dis., 55, 2002

associated with OPV or caused by infectionwith circulating
vaccine‑derived poliovimses (4) is unavoidable so long as

OPV continues. Switching from OPV to the inactivatedpoliovirus vaccine is an optlOn in polio一舟ee countries.

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