INTERNET FOR A MOBILE
GENERATIONFROMTHE INTERNATIONALTELECOMMUNICATION UNION (ITU).
4 T H EDITION, GENEVA,SWITZERLAND,
2002. SOFTCOVER OR VIA THE INTERNET,240 PAGESREVIEWER: HARRY RUDINsolutions (e.g., that in Japan) are given.
Chapter 5 is entitled “Case Studies”
and presents various national approaches and solutions to various regulatory
and policy aspects of the mobile Intcrnet. One learns, for example, that Japanand Korea have already deployed 3G
systems. and what succcss thev haveachieved.
Chanter 6 is last and again discusses
variou; aspects of the mgbile Internetin terms of actual experience in different countries.
In addition, there is a statisticalannex giving figures from some 200
national situations. Here t h e reader
finds ammunition t o help gain t h eupper hand in almost any argumcnt
regarding the mobile Internet. A glossary is also included to define the manymnemonics involved.
An executive summary of the hook,
itself well worth reading, is available on
the ITUs Web site:
http:l/itu.intlmohileinternet
The book may also be ordered throughthe same site.
This is the fourth in a series of studies written under the supervision of Tim
Kelly who writes in a clear and delightful style. The reviewcr is pleased to recommend the book most heartily.
~~~

What happens when two explosively
growing markets meet’? During t h e
1990s, the Internet and mobile communications were t h e strongcst market
drivers in t h e telecommunicationsindustry. These markets meet in the“mobile Internet.” If you are concerned
about the mixing of these two explosive
growth areas, the Internet and mobilecommunications, you should have thishook at your side.
The first and introductory chapter ofInternet for a Mobile Generation discusses a few preliminary ideas and points
out the similar growth patterns of themobile subscriber and l n t e r n e t user
populations. It also mentions some ofthe hindrances that must be overcome
in order for t h e mobile Internet tobecome widespread.
Chapter 2 describes the technologies
for the mobile Internet. The reader willlearn ahout first-, second-, and thirdgeneration ( l G , 2G, 3G) mobile nctwork standards a n d t h e difficult
migration path from 2G t o 3G. T h emany wireless LAN standards are covered, as wcll as topics such as war driving and i-mode. Descriptions of several
existing mobile Internet applications
are included in this chapter.
Chapter 3 goes on to look at market
trends. I t is interesting to review t h emarket pcnetration figures for Internct
a n d mobile users, and to learn t h a t
Intcrnet penctration is highest in scveral northcrn European countries, whilesome east Asian countries are at t h et o p of the list for mobile subscriber
pcnetration. O n e carly example o f amobile lntcrnet application is Short
Message Service (SMS). In the firstquartcr of 2002, 24 hillion SMS messages wcre sent worldwide. A surprising
numhcr of countries have more mobile
than fixed telcphone subscribers. Billingmodels arc also discussed in this chapter.
Rcgulatory and policy aspects a r ecovercd in Chapter 4. Topics included
are competition policy, international
cooperation (roaming), and user rights(consumcr protection and access toinformation). One interesting graph isthe cost of 3G liccnses as a function oftime over the last fcw years. The various national strategies for licensing arecompared. Spam is a significant threat
to mobile tcrminals; several existing

14~QOS IN INTEGRATED 3G NETWORKSROBERT LLOYD-EVANS,ARTECH HOUSE,
2002, ISBN 1-58053-351-5. HARDCOVER, 346 PAGESREVIEWER:CLAUSBAUER

Cellular network o p e r a t o r s are
spending billions o f dollars on 3 G
mobile network infrastructure andlicensing fees. Thc quality of service(00s)mechanisms necessary f o r thesuccessful delivery of real-time applications are of critical i m p o r t “ for thecommercial success of 3G networks.
T h e hook aims to provide an undcrstanding of the factors that influencc
QoS mechanisms in 3 G mobile nctworks.
The first chapter gives a n ovcrview
of the dcvelopinent of mobile nctworks
from 1G to 3G. It shows thc principal
differences bctween the various 2 . X
and 3G technologies, and defines theUniversal Mobile Telecommunications
Servicc (UMTS)/widehand code-division multiplc access ( W C D M A ) ,cdma2000, and Gencral Packet Radio
Service (GPRS) technologies as thefocus of this book. The author explains
the need for QoS support and the influence of the different network parts.
C h a p t e r 2 illustrates t h e coding
schemes used in 3 G networks. T h emathematical principles of error correc-tion coding schemes, including block,
trellis, convolutional, and concatenation
coding, a r e p r e s e n t e d . T h e use ofspreading a n d scrambling codes t oachieve code division is described.
C h a p t e r s 3, 4, a n d 5 outline t h eradio technologies used in UMTSI
WCDMA, cdma2002, and GPRS. Aftera n explanation of t h e general principles, the technologies deployed at layer
3, at the radio link control (RLC) and/or medium access control (MAC) layer
2, and at the physical layer are illustrated separately. In each chapter, a special
section is dedicated to the control ofQoS on the radio link. With UMTS, theuser sends a detailed QoS request profile, and’the resource allocation decision is made by the core network. Early
cdma2000 provides less explicit support
for QoS distinctions t h a n UMTS. I nGPRS, QoS is controlled by an IP hearer service manager in a gateway nodeand in the terminals, However, the first
generation of GPRS terminals only provides basic QoS capabilities.
C h a p t e r 6 summarizes t h e basic
problems of radio frequency planning
in 3G networks. First, the basics of cell
capacities and the main factors determining signal quality are describcd.
Then the parameters used by the radio
planner to calculate the link budget andimplcmcnt capacity and admission control a r e explained. In view of t h eincreased capacity demand of 3G nctworks compared to 2G networks, a special c h a p t e r presents-ways t o add
capacity to an existing cellular network.
Chapter 7 covers the dominant nctwork protocols and their means of providing QoS support in 3G networks. IP
and/or ATM will be the dominant layer
213 technologies in 3G networks. ATM
provides inherent QoS support by specifying four QoS classes characterized byspecified loss, delay, and jittcr characteristics. T h e generic IPv4 and IPv6
protocols merely provide hits in theheadcr that allow classifying packets
into service classes. Explicit QoS support is provided by additional network
protocols. T h e integrated services
approach reserves capacities per flowusing Resource Reservation Protocol.
In contrast, the differentiated services
model defines specific per-hop behavior
for aggregated traffic classes. The QoS
policics are stored in a depository andcommunicated to the policy enforcement points using the COPS protocol.
The functionality of multiprotocol label
switching (MPLS) and its intenvorking
with the differentiated scrvices architccture are illustrated. This chapter also
describes upper layer protocols that(Continued on page 16)

IEEE Communications Magazine * March 2003

(Continuedfrom page 14)
support real-time and multimedia applications such as Real Time Protocol(RTP), Session lnition Protocol (SIP),
Streaming Transport Protocol (STCP),
Session Description Protocol (SDP),and the H.323 standard. Finally, thevarious compression algorithms used in
3G networks are summarized.
Chapter 8 introduces the core network architecture for both UMTS andHighPerlormance

cdmaZ000 networks. Both architectural
approaches split the core network intoa circuit-$witched domain for traditional voice calls and a packet-switcheddomain for applications transported via
IP. Special gateways provide interfaces
to other network types. UMTS furtherdefines the IP multimedia subsystemthat serves as a platform for multimedia
and cell control on top of the UMTS
packet domain.
Chapter 9 treats the concept of ser-FiberWork

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vice c1asst.s in 3G networks. UMTS
defines f o u r QoS classes of its own,
whereas cdma2000 bases its QoS conccpt on t h e differcntiated services
approach. A separate section discusses
the key QoS paramcters.
The last chapter is devoted t o theapplications for which QoS support ismost critical. For audio and video applications, the basic tcchnology and theissues that arise when application content is delivered over 3G networks areexplained.
The author dcdicates a large part of
the hook to an introduction to 3G technology in general. On this basis, he SUCcessfully gives an overview of thecomplete range of topics related to QoS
in 3G networks as defined in the early
releases of the UMTS and cdma2000
specifications. The book contains anextensive reference list at the end ofeach chapter and is a valuable guide forany network engincer or student whowants to get a detailed understandingof the QoS issues in 3G networks.

SOLUTION TO PUZZLE 240'A dedicated scientist will strive lomagine new ideas, even though most?f them willprobably not prove fruit%I ... However, so great is the incenlive to publish nowudays, that many
regard it us p o d scientific practice to-onduct this part of their educarion invublic, mistukes and all.
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IEEE Communiastions Magazine * March 2003