The Sendai Goals and Indicators

Yuichi ONO (Ph.D.)
Professor,
International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS),
Tohoku University
Sendai, Japan1

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
Adopted by 187 countries at the World Conference on
Disaster Risk Reduction, 18 March 2015

I.

Preamble

II. Expected outcome and goal
Seven targets

III. Guiding principles

IV. Priorities for action
Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk
Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
Priority 3: Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience
Priority 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response,
and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction

V. Role of stakeholders
VI. International cooperation and global partnership2

Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction• Adopted 7 “Global targets”(a)Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower the averageper 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period
2005– 2015;(b)Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower
the average global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020–2030 compared to theperiod 2005–2015(c)Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product(GDP) by 2030(d)Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic
services, among them health and educational facilities, including through developing
their resilience by 2030(e)Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk
reduction strategies by 2020;(f) Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries throughadequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions forimplementation of the present Framework by 2030(g)Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning
systems and disaster risk information and assessments to people by 2030

Sustainable Development Goals• New set of goals and targets developed after theMillennium Development Goals adopted at the UN
Sustainable Development Summit on September 2015
• 17 Goals and 169 target was adopted• Disaster Risk issues was also included as one of the targets• Goal 1 “Poverty reduction”
Goal 11 “Urban Development”
Goal 13 “Climate Change Action”
is closely liked with SFDRR
2000 Millennium Summit
Millennium Development Goals“8 Goals”“16 Targets”

2015 Sustainable Development Summit
Sustanable Developmetn Goals“17 Goals”“169 Targets”

Paris Agreement
Climate change indicators –Paris Agreement on climate change,
calling for keeping a global temperature rise this century to well
below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels while pursuing efforts tolimit the temperature increase even further, to 1.5 °C.
Climate change adaptation: Not globally agreed-Instead, each government to take responsibility
nationally determined contributions (NDCs), national adaptationplans (NAPs) and recent national communications (NCs)
By November 2017
-All NDCs that included adaptation-related information (108 outof the 160 NDCs contained in the interim NDC registry)- Seven NAPs submitted through NAP Central- A total of 195 NCs (the most recent NC of each Party)

Indicator and Terminology of the Sendai Framework
Sendai Framework Paragraph 50
The Conference recommends to the General Assembly the establishment, at its
sixty-ninth session, of an open-ended intergovernmental working group,comprising experts nominated by Member States, and supported by the United
Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, with involvement of relevant
stakeholders, for the development of a set of possible indicators tomeasure global progress in the implementation of the present Frameworkin conjunction with the work of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group On
Sustainable Development Goal Indicators. The Conference also recommends thatthe working group consider the recommendations of the United Nations Officefor Disaster Risk Reduction Scientific and Technical Advisory Group on the updateof the publication entitled “2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk
Reduction” by December 2016, and that the outcome of its work be

submitted to the Assembly for its consideration and adoption.

Indicator and Terminology of the Sendai Framework
Open-ended intergovernmental working group on Indicators andTerminology relating to disaster risk reduction
1st Informal and formal session, 2015 Sep. 28-30th
2nd Informal and formal session, 2016 Feb. 9-11th
1st Informal consultations , 2016 Jun. 20-21st
2nd Informal consultations , 2016 Oct. 10-11st
3rd Informal and formal session, 2016 Nov. 14-18th

FACTSThe Government of Japan (Cabinet Office of Japan) strongly
supported by JICA made a significant break-through contribution bycalling for a practical exercise to interested member states toreduce the number of too many fluffy indicators to manageable
ones during the summer of 2016.
Without that effort, the proposed indicators and terminology would
not have been agreed by December 2016 (said deadline in para 50of SFDRR)

Global Target A: Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030,
aiming to lower average per 100,000 global mortality between 20202030 compared to 2005-2015.

A-1(compound)Number of deaths and missing persons attributed to disasters, per100,000 population.

A-2

Number of deaths attributed to disasters, per 100,000 population.

A-3

Number of missing persons attributed to disasters, per 100,000
population.
The scope of disaster in this and subsequent targets is defined inparagraph 15 of the SFDRR and applies to small-scale and largescale, frequent and infrequent, sudden and slow-onset disasters
caused by natural or man-made hazards, as well as related
environmental, technological and biological hazards and risk.

Global Target B: Substantially reduce the number of affected people
globally by 2030, aiming to lower the average global figure per 100,000
between 2020-2030 compared to 2005-2015.

B-1(compound)
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5

Number of directly affected people attributed to disasters, per100,000 population.
Number of injured or ill people attributed to disasters, per100,000 population.
Number of people whose damaged dwellings were attributed todisasters.
Number of people whose destroyed dwellings were attributed todisasters.
Number of people whose livelihoods were disrupted ordestroyed, attributed to disasters.

domestic product (GDP) by 2030.
Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global grossC-1(compound) domestic product.
C-2

C-3

C-4

C-5

C-6

Direct agricultural loss attributed to disasters.
Agriculture is understood to include the crops, livestock, fisheries, apiculture,aquaculture and forest sectors as well as associated facilities and infrastructure.
Direct economic loss to all other damaged or destroyed productive assets
attributed to disasters.
Productive assets would be disaggregated by economic sector, including services,
according to standard international classifications. Countries would report against
those economic sectors relevant to their economies. This would be described in theassociated metadata.
Direct economic loss in the housing sector attributed to disasters.
Data would be disaggregated according to damaged and destroyed dwellings .
Direct economic loss resulting from damaged or destroyed critical infrastructure
attributed to disasters.
Those elements of critical infrastructure to be included in the calculation will be at
the decision of Member States and described in the accompanying metadata.
Protective infrastructure and green infrastructure should be included whererelevant.
Direct economic loss to cultural heritage damaged or destroyed attributed todisasters.

Global Target D: Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure anddisruption of basic services, among them health and educational facilities, including
through developing their resilience by 2030.
D-1
Damage to critical infrastructure attributed to disasters.
(compound)Number of destroyed or damaged health facilities attributed to disasters.
D-2

D-3

D-4

D-5
(compound)
D-6
D-7
D-8

Number of destroyed or damaged educational facilities attributed todisasters.
Number of other destroyed or damaged critical infrastructure units andfacilities attributed to disasters.
Those elements of critical infrastructure to be included in the calculation
will be at the decision of Member States and described in theaccompanying metadata. Protective infrastructure and green
infrastructure should be included where relevant.
Number of disruptions to basic services attributed to disasters.
Number of disruptions to educational services attributed to disasters.
Number of disruptions to health services attributed to disasters.
Number of disruptions to other basic services attributed to disasters.
Those elements of basic services to be included in the calculation will beat the decision of Member States and described in the accompanying
metadata.

Global Target E: Substantially increase the number of countries with national andlocal disaster risk reduction strategies by 2020.

E-1

Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk
reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster
Risk Reduction 2015-2030.

Percentage of local governments that adopt and implement local
disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national strategies.
E-2

Information should be provided on the appropriate levels ofgovernment below the national level with responsibility for disasterrisk reduction.

Global Target F: Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing
countries through adequate and sustainable support to complement their nationalactions for implementation of this framework by 2030.

F-1

F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5
F-6
F-7
F-8

Total official international support, (ODA plus other official flows), fornational DRR actions.
Reporting of the provision or receipt of international cooperation for DRR
shall be done in accordance with the modalities applied in respectivecountries. Recipient countries are encouraged to provide information on
the estimated amount of national DRR expenditure.
Total official international support (ODA plus other official flows) for
national DRR actions provided by multilateral agencies.
Total official international support (ODA plus other official flows) for
national DRR actions provided bilaterally.
Total official international support (ODA plus other official flows) for thetransfer and exchange of DRR related technology.
Number of international, regional and bilateral programmes andinitiatives for the transfer and exchange of science, technology andinnovation in disaster risk reduction for developing countries.
Total official international support (ODA plus other official flows) for
disaster risk reduction capacity building.
Number of international, regional and bilateral programmes andinitiatives for DRR related capacity building in developing countries.
Number of developing countries supported by international, regional,bilateral initiatives to strengthen their DRR related statistical capacity.

Global Target G: Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard
early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to the people
by 2030.
G-1(compound G-2 －G-5)

Number of countries that have multi-hazard early warning systems.

G-2

Number of countries that have multi-hazard monitoring andforecasting systems.

G-3

Number of people per 100,000 that are covered by early warning
information through local governments or through national
dissemination mechanisms.

G-4

Percentage of local governments having a plan to act on early warnings.

G-5

Number of countries that have accessible, understandable, usable andrelevant disaster risk information and assessment available to thepeople at the national and local level.

G-6

Percentage of population exposed or at risk from disasters protected
through pre-emptive evacuation following early warning.

Footnote to indicator G-6: Member States in a position to do so are encouraged to provide
information on the number of evacuated people.

On December 1, 2016, the Reportof the open-ended
intergovernmental expert working
group on indicators andterminology relating to disasterrisk reduction was adopted at theUNGA.
In December 2017, UNISDR
launched the Technical Guidance
for Monitoring and Reporting on
Progress in Achieving the GlobalTargets of the SFDRRUNISDR provided the DesInventar
Sendai and set deadlines formember states to submit data

Challenges：
Technical: Data disaggregation (detailed data)
E.g. Target A: When, where, who (gender, age, disability,etc.) the cause of death, etc.
With more detailed data, better DRR policies would begenerated
Political: Horizontal and Vertical coordination capability
More fundamental: Capacity of the NDMOs who mustdo everything – A big challenge to start this effort fromscratch!

FACTS:How member states are reporting the progress?
As of today, against the extended deadline to October 15, 2018
Out of 195 member states,
5: All targets are validated
7: Ready for validation
63: In progress
120: Not started

Against the Target E, which is due 2020,
17: Validated
17: Ready for validation
12: In progress
139: Not started

Recommendations:
Needs of assistance at the regional and national levels
for capacity development
Roles of multilateral and bilateral donors sitting together
with NDMOs in their office every day
UNISDR might want to develop a voluntary, soft network
to help develop the reporting capacity for memberstates towards the Global Platform in Geneva, May 2019