Contagious Disruption: How CCP Influence and Radical
Ideologies Threaten Critical Infrastructure and Campuses
Across the United States
Contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 2
Key Takeaways and Assessment: ......................................................................................... 2
Background: SID4P’s Emergence, Composition, and Modus Operandi .............................. 3
The Singham Network as a Vehicle for CCP Influence ........................................................ 8
The Singham Network’s Fiscal Footprint ............................................................................ 10
The People’s Forum........................................................................................................... 10
The Justice and Education Fund ...................................................................................... 12
The United Community Fund ............................................................................................ 12
The Progress Unity Fund ................................................................................................... 13
Breakthrough Media .......................................................................................................... 15
SID4P’s Social Media Mobilization and Amplification Strategy ........................................ 15
BreakThrough Media and the Role of Alternative News Outlets ....................................... 20
Radical Ties: SID4P’S Convenors and Terrorist Affiliations............................................... 28
Conclusion: Strengthening Democratic Resilience Against Internal Threats .................. 30
Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 32
International People’s Assembly ...................................................................................... 33“When we defeat Israel and the U.S. Empire, we will… know how to dismantle
capitalism here in the United States.”1– Manolo De Los Santos, Co-Executive Director of the People’s Forum

1 Peoplesforumnyc, Instagram, December 6, 2023, instagram.com/p/C0hWpCJAFTK.

Executive Summary
This report analyzes the activities and foreign connections of the Shut It Down for
Palestine (SID4P) movement since its formation in October 2023. It examines SID4P’s
use of protests, direct-action initiatives, and sophisticated media campaigns to advanceanti-America and anti-Israel narratives both online and offline. Additionally, it highlights
the involvement of a network linked to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that funds
and supports both alternative anti-establishment media organizations promoting antiAmerican narratives, as well as seemingly grassroots activist movements, such as, andincluding, SID4P.
Due to its potential to exacerbate social unrest and influence institutional decisionmaking in the U.S., the Network Contagion Research Institute (NCRI) assesses that thisnetwork represents a significant concern to the internal stability of the United States.

Key Takeaways and Assessment:
1. SID4P’s Emergence: Shut It Down for Palestine (SID4P) is an anti-capitalist, antipolice, and anti-government protest movement that emerged after October 7, 2023.
It functions as a hybrid online/real-world network for mobilizing frequent
demonstrations as well as gradually escalating direct-action campaigns targetingcritical infrastructure and public spaces.
2. SID4P’s ties to CCP-Linked Entities: “Convenors,” or organizations operating under
the SID4P umbrella, are members of the ‘Singham Network’ donor portfolio. The
Singham Network is a global web of nonprofits, fiscal sponsors, and alternative
news sources tied to Neville Roy Singham, a known conduit for CCP geopoliticalinfluence.2
3. SID4P’s Funding: The Singham Network exploits regulatory loopholes in the U.S.
nonprofit system to facilitate the flow of an enormous sum of U.S. dollars to

2 Mara Hvistendahl, David A. Fahrenthold, Lynsey Chutel, Ishaan Jhaveri, “A Global Web of Chinese

Propaganda Leads to a U.S. Tech Mogul,” New York Times, August 10, 2023,
nytimes.com/2023/08/05/world/europe/neville-roy-singham-china-propaganda.html; In 2023, Senator
Rubio submitted a letter to Attorney General Garland calling on the Department of Justice to “immediately
investigate” Singham linked organizations for potential violations of the Foreign Agents Registration Act(FARA).

organizations and movements that actively stoke social unrest at the grassroots
level.
4. Alternative Media and Social Media Strategy: Alternative media outlets associatedwith the Singham Network have played a central role in online mobilization andcross-platform social amplification for SID4P.
5. Ties to Extremist Groups: SID4P has ties to extremist groups that embrace a violent,single-state resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. At least one SID4P
Convener is linked to the extreme edge of pro-Palestinian groups operating in the
U.S. that advance anti-American and anti-Jewish agendas.3
Assessment: The NCRI finds that the increase in direct-action, targeting infrastructure
and public spaces, is in part driven by organizations connected to CCP foreign influence
efforts. While nominally focused on Israel, the current protests can be better
understood as a well-funded initiative driving a revolutionary, anti-government, and anticapitalist agenda, with the leading organizations serving as versatile tools for foreign
entities hostile to the U.S. The methods of these organizations exacerbate societal
tensions, polarize the younger generation, and appear to seek the destabilization ofAmerican institutions. NCRI assesses that these organizations will persist in inciting
unrest throughout the summer of 2024 and in the lead-up to the U.S. Presidential
election.

Background: SID4P’s Emergence, Composition, and Modus
Operandi
On the evening of April 30, 2024, over one hundred activists gathered at The People’s
Forum, a far-left nonprofit in Manhattan that describes itself as “a movement incubator
for working class and marginalized communities,” to discuss the ongoing Gaza
encampments on university campuses. The activists called on the Columbia protesters
to recreate the civil unrest associated with “the summer of 2020.”4 Hours later,
3 Charlotte Kates, who serves as the director of Samidoun in Canada, holds the position ofCommunications/Secretary officer on the National Board of al-Awda. As of April 12, 2024, Nerdeen
Kiswani, director of Within Our Lifetime, was listed as the Youth Representative until her apparent removalfrom the board thereafter.
4 Joseph Simonson, “Anti-Israel Group Encouraged Columbia Protesters To Re-Create 'The Summer of2020' Hours Before Students Stormed a Building,” The Washington Free Beacon, May 1, 2024,
freebeacon.com/campus/anti-israel-group-encouraged-columbia-protesters-to-recreate-the-summer-of-Columbia University’s Hamilton Hall was forcibly occupied and barricaded. After the hall
was subsequently cleared by law enforcement, the New York Police Department (NYPD)
reported finding industrial-grade chains, “gas masks, ear plugs, helmets, goggles…
hammers, knives, and ropes...”5 Following processing, The Washington Post reported,
per NYPD, that more than 25% of arrests at Columbia University and 60% at the City
College of New York were not students.6
The protest takeover of Hamilton Hall is part of a trend that has seen movements
advocating for social justice employ increasingly aggressive tactics to disrupt publicorder and push the boundaries of foundational, legal, and ethical norms. The events ofApril 29-30 were not isolated, and appear to be a manifestation of a broader, morecoordinated campaign influenced by entities that have ties to foreign powers andforeign terrorist organizations.
These events set the stage for understanding the emergence and operations of the“Shut It Down for Palestine” (SID4P) movement, which represents a significant evolution
in networked influence and coordinated direct-action aimed at disrupting criticalinfrastructure and inflaming protests both across the U.S. and across the globe.

2020-hours-before-students-stormed-a-building; and “About,” The People’s Forum,
peoplesforum.org/about.
5 NYPDDaughtry, X, May 3, 2024, x.com/NYPDDaughtry/status/1786449287359992179.
6 Daniel Wu, “134 protesters arrested on 2 campuses had no connection to schools, NYPD says,” The
Washington Post, May 3, 2024, washingtonpost.com/nation/2024/05/03/columbia-arrests-not-studentsnypd.

Figure 1: Top left: SID4P Protestors Outside Columbia University on April 17, Top Right: Protestors
Blocking JFK Airport on December 26, Bottom Left: SID4P Poster for Shut Down of Democratic Party
Event, Bottom Right: SID4P Protestors on the Brooklyn Bridge on January 8.

The origins of the “Shut It Down for Palestine” (SID4P) coalition trace back to theimmediate aftermath of Hamas’ attack on Israel on October 7, 2023. On October 11,
following a demonstration in support of Gaza in Times Square, the People’s Forumissued a statement praising the Palestinian “resistance”. It concluded with the following
call to action: “We mobilize in the belly of the beast because we understand that wehave a unique role to play in combating material support for Zionism and weakening thehandmaiden of U.S. global imperialism.”7 This statement, which laid the groundwork for
SID4P, was endorsed by six of the seven groups that would soon formalize their allianceunder the “Global Shutdown for Palestine” banner.
SID4P was established and structured against the backdrop of increased proPalestinian activism starting October 2023. On November 1, SID4P officially registeredits domain, shutitdown4palestine.org, and launched its site by November 6. By
November 9, SID4P publicly listed its seven core organizations, referred to as“Convenors,” as well as numerous organization referred to as “Endorsers.” Reflecting
7 “Statement on Times Square Palestine Protest Held on October 8, 2023,” The People’s Forum, October

11, 2024, peoplesforum.org/blog_post/statement-on-times-square-palestine-protest-held-on-october-82023.

the confluence of far-left and pro-Palestinian radical activism, the official SID4P
Convenors include the following groups:
1. The People’s Forum
2. ANSWER Coalition
3. International People’s Assembly (IPA)
4. Al-Awda NY
5. National Students for Justice in Palestine (NSJP)
6. Palestinian Youth Movement (PYM)
7. Palestinian American Community Center NJ (PACC)
The seven Convenors of SID4P can be divided into two distinct groupings based on
ideological affiliation and fiscal sponsorship. The coalition’s far-left members, namely
The People’s Forum, IPA, and ANSWER Coalition, demonstrate significant financial,personnel, and operational overlap.8 The remaining four Convenors are all proPalestinian activist organizations, with at least two, NSJP and Al-Awda, known to haveties to U.S.-designated terrorist organizations. In addition to NSJP and Al-Awda, among
SID4P’s Endorsers is Samidoun, which some Western intelligence services classify as afront for the PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine) which is designated asa foreign terrorist organization by the United States, Germany, and Israel.9
In conjunction with its internal structuring, SID4P initiated an extensive cross-platform
social media campaign aimed at expanding its reach and influence through the tactical
deployment of digital activism to bolster its mobilization efforts. Since November,
SID4P’s organization and participation in near-weekly direct-action events have led tomany disruptions to public order and critical infrastructure, resulting in numerousarrests for disorderly conduct. The following timeline encapsulates the gradually
escalating direct-action campaign initiated, directed, or aided by SID4P:

8 The Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL), although not designated as a SID4P Convener, sharesconsiderable fiscal and personnel connections with SID4P’s far-left Convenors.
9 “About,” Shut it Down for Palestine, shutitdown4palestine.org/about; and Christoph Hasselbach, “WhyGermany banned Hamas and pro-Palestinian group Samidoun,” Deutsche Welle, November 11, 2024,
dw.com/en/why-germany-banned-hamas-and-pro-palestinian-group-samidoun/a-67546361.

The Singham Network as a Vehicle for CCP Influence
The People’s Forum, IPA, and ANSWER Coalition serve as the conduit through which
CCP-affiliated entities have effectively co-opted pro-Palestinian activism in the U.S.,
advancing a broader anti-American, anti-democratic, and anti-capitalist agenda. These
three far-left SID4P Convenors are part of a network linked by close financial,interpersonal, and ideological ties to Neville Roy Singham and his wife Jodie Evans, a
power couple within the global far-left movement with close ties to the CCP.
The “Singham Network” comprises a wide range of nonprofits, alternative media outlets,and donor organizations that have been funneling undisclosed funds and disseminating
CCP-supported agendas and narratives into the United States since at least 2017. As
outlined above, this network has played an increasingly significant role in fueling a moreradical pro-Palestinian activism.
Singham’s association with far-left circles in the U.S. dates back to at least the 1970s.
According to a document dated June 5, 1974, Singham was the subject of an FBI
investigation into his ties to “groups engaged in activities inimical to U.S. [interests].”10
Singham’s connection with entities associated with the CCP is believed to have begunin the early 2000s. From 2001 to 2008, Singham served as a consultant for Huawei, atechnology and telecommunications giant linked to the CCP that has been the subjectof espionage investigations in Canada and the U.S.11 He currently lives and works inShanghai, where he shares premises with Shanghai Maku Cultural Communications
Ltd., a Chinese propaganda firm focused on presenting a positive image of the People’s
Republic of China (PRC) to the global south.12
According to an investigation conducted by the New York Times (NYT), Singham’s “tiesto the propaganda machine date back at least to 2019, when, corporate documents
show, he started a consulting business with Chinese partners. Those partners are active
10 Roy Singham, “On the road from Detroit to South Africa: Black radical internationalist traditions,” Black

Agenda Report, November 23, 2021, blackagendareport.com/road-detroit-south-africa-black-radicalinternationalist-traditions.
11 Alexander Reid Ross, Courtney Dobson, “The Big Business of Uyghur Genocide Denial,” New Lines
Magazine, January 18, 2022, newlinesmag.com/reportage/the-big-business-of-uyghur-genocide-denial;
and Noah Berman, Lindsay Maizland, Andrew Chatzky, “Is China’s Huawei a Threat to U.S. National
Security?”, Council on Foreign Relations, February 8, 2024, cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-huawei-threat-usnational-security.
12 “About Us,” Maku Group, Captured by WayBack Machine June 19. 2023,
web.archive.org/web/20230619143607/maku.group/about-us.

in the propaganda apparatus.”13 According to a report in Newlines Magazine, Singham isinvested in at least two other major Chinese companies, underscoring the depth of his
business interests in mainland China. In July 2023, Singham was photographed at a
strategic communications workshop hosted by the CCP in Shanghai.14 As recent as
November 2023, India’s Enforcement Directorate summoned Singham for questioning
regarding his Delhi-based news portal NewsClick, which was raided in 2021 forsuspected acceptance of illegal funds from China to promote CCP propaganda deemeda threat to India’s national security.15
In 2017, Singham married Jodie Evans, whose CCP affiliations have similarly been
covered by prior reporting. As a co-founder of CODEPINK, an anti-war movement
established in 2003, Evans has been actively involved in American far-left activism for
decades. Despite previously advocating for causes that would today acknowledge the
Uyghur genocide, highlight China’s human rights abuses, and side with Taiwan inasserting its independence, following her marriage to Singham, Evans notably shifted
her stance to openly support the CCP.16
Evans is set to release a book in January 2025 titled “China is Not Our Enemy,” which
she co-authored with a researcher employed by the Tricontinental Institute for Social
Research and Dongsheng News.17 Both the Tricontinental Institute and Dongsheng
News have ties to the CCP and have received funding from Singham, with the
Tricontinental Institute also receiving partial funding from CODEPINK.18 Finally, Evansserves on the boards of several other organizations within the Singham Network, andmost notably the People’s Forum.19
13 Mara Hvistendahl, David A. Fahrenthold, Lynsey Chutel, Ishaan Jhaveri, New York Times, Ibid.
14 Guo Han, “讲好中国故事需要找准“话语接口”，学者热议“全球文明倡议””, Guancha.cn, July 9, 2023,

Captured by WayBack Machine July 18, 2023,
web.archive.org/web/20230718042926/guancha.cn/politics/2023_07_09_700215_s.shtml.
15 Zoya Mateen, “NewsClick: India police arrest journalists over China funding claims,” BBC, October 3,
2023, bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66909370.
16 CODEPINK, “China Is Not Our Enemy- A conversation with Jodie Evans and John Ross,” YouTube,
August 12, 2020, youtube.com/watch?v=KxI5Nm3p9wI; and CODEPINK “Jodie’s Experience in China,”
YouTube, June 5, 2023, youtube.com/watch?v=39kH8e8ao0w&t=3760s.
17 “China is not our Enemy,” Amazon, amazon.com/China-Not-Enemy-Jodie-Evans/dp/1682196100.
18 Notably, Roy Singham’s son, Nate Singham, is also employed by the Tricontinental Institute. For more,see: “Nate Singham,” Truthout, truthout.org/authors/nate-singham.
19 Peoples Forum Inc, "Form 990 for the Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2017," ProPublica,
projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/display_990/611844780/10_2018_prefixes_5962%2F611844780_201712_990_2018101615799996.

Having established Singham’s, Evans’, and the Singham Network’s connections with the
CCP, the next section shifts to tracing the fiscal footprint of the Singham Network.

The Singham Network’s Fiscal Footprint
The Singham-linked Convenors of SID4P exhibit overlapping fiscal and personal
relationships, indicating substantial financial support and close inter-organizational
connections. To better understand the fiscal footprint of the Singham Network, NCRI
performed iterative electronic searches across a curated database. This included
keyword searches followed by Employer Identification Number (EIN) searches andextraction of addresses from nearly six million IRS tax returns, converted into tabularform from Schedule I of 990 documents, along with data from the main body of 990
Private Foundation forms.
This section will focus on some of the financial operations of, and interplay between,
key players in the Singham Network, such as The People’s Forum, the Justice and
Education Fund (JEF), the United Community Fund (UCF), The Progress Unity Fund
(PUF), and BreakThrough Media (BT Media), among others.

The People’s ForumThe finances of The People’s Forum shed light on the intricate and ambiguous nature offunding within the Singham Network. An examination of the evidence highlights theintertwined fiscal relationships among Singham Network entities, alongside asubstantial influx of untraceable nine-digit USD grants facilitated through ananonymous donor fund administered by Goldman Sachs. Responding to allegations of
its finances coming from “dark money” in December 2021, The People’s Forum posted
the following to Twitter:20

20 PeoplesForumNYC, X, December 21, 2021, x.com/PeoplesForumNYC/status/1473312812944531457.

Figure 2: The People’s Forum Acknowledges Fiscal Ties to Singham

The People’s Forum’s tacit admission of an ongoing fiscal relationship with Singham forat least “a few years” before 2021 aligns with NCRI’s findings. As reported in November
2023 by the Free Beacon: “The source of the Goldman Sachs Philanthropy Fund’s
donations to the People’s Forum is likely Neville Roy Singham… [who] is the single
individual responsible for the group’s operations.”21
Between 2017 and 2022, the People’s Forum received over $20 million in grants fromthe GSPF, with $12 million transferred in 2019 alone. As previous reporting has detailed,
GSPF appears to function as a dark money clearinghouse, obscuring the identity ofdonors while facilitating the transfer of substantial sums to American non-profits.22
In November 2023, a Tax-Exempt Organization Complaint was filed with the IRS against
The People’s Forum, alleging that: “De Los Santos and the People’s Forum Inc. havebeen advocating in support of the U.S. designated foreign terror organization Hamas inits war on Israel and Jews and also advocates for the overthrow of the United States.”23

21 Joseph Simonson, “New York City Communists Pushing For a Gaza Ceasefire Took Millions From

Goldman Sachs Charity,” The Washington Free Beacon, November 21, 2023,
freebeacon.com/democrats/new-york-city-communists-pushing-for-a-gaza-ceasefire-took-millions-fromgoldman-sachs.
22 Ibid.
23 StopAntisemites, X, January 17, 2024,
x.com/StopAntisemites/status/1747704695349510155/photo/1.

The Justice and Education Fund
The Justice and Education Fund (JEF) is an example of another 501(c)(3) organizationthat received over $20 million through GSPF in just 2019 and 2020 alone. Records
indicate a $64,500 grant from JEF to the People’s Forum in 2020. Beyond financialtransactions, JEF’s leadership is closely aligned with the Singham Network. JEF’s board
includes Manolo De Los Santos and David Sung Mo Chung, both of whom also holdpositions as officers at the People’s Forum and have been arrested by NYPD at SID4Pled direct-action events in recent months.24
Notably, JEF also appears to facilitate the transfer of funds to Singham-linked entities
abroad. For example, in 2022, JEF paid NewsClick $2.9 million and Maku Media $2.3
million as independent contractors for the “production of online news programs.”25

The United Community Fund
The United Community Fund (UCF) plays a role similar to that of the JEF within theSingham Network. Notably, in 2019, the UCF received an $8.33 million grant from the
JEF.26 Additionally, during the same year, it allocated over $3 million in grants to thePeople’s Forum and $700,000 to the Tricontinental Institute. This underscores theintricate financial interplay between the People’s Forum, JEF, and UCF.
The UCF’s personnel roster exhibits significant overlap with individuals andorganizations affiliated with Singham. For instance, in 2019, Tings Chak served as a
Director and Secretary of the UCF.27 Chak, a Beijing-based researcher, is associated with
Dongsheng News, the Tricontinental Institute, and UCF. These three entities werenamed in an August 2023 letter by Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL), urging the Departmentof Justice (DOJ) to investigate them for potential violations of the Foreign Agents

24 “David Chung,” Canary Mission, Last Modified April 6, 2024, canarymission.org/individual/David_Chung.
25 Justice And Education Fund Inc, "Form 990 for the Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2022," ProPublica,

projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/824975378/202333179349301938/full; As previously
mentioned, NewsClick was labeled a pro-CCP propaganda outlet by the Indian government. This
designation led to a raid and investigation prompted by concerns over its potential impact on Indian
national security. Furthermore, an investigation conducted by The New York Times in August 2023
revealed that Singham shares office space in Shanghai with Maku, a strategic communications firm
known for promoting pro-CCP media aimed at the global south.
26 Alexander Reid Ross, Courtney Dobson, New Lines Magazine, January 18, 2022, Ibid.
27 “United Community Fund,” ProPublica, projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/371913339.

Registration Act (FARA).28 Finally, Chak’s membership in the IPA’s art and culture
working group serves as an example of her association with a recognized SID4P
Convenor.29
Like Chak, Renata Porto Bugni, listed as the UCF’s Director and Treasurer as recently as
2022, is notably also listed as a researcher at Tricontinental.30
This brief overview of the People’s Forum, JEF, UCF, and other related entities highlights
the personnel crossover, complex financial ties, and connections between organizationsin the Singham network, as well as their ties to the CCP.

The Progress Unity FundIn contrast to the People’s Forum, the ANSWER Coalition operates under the fiscal
sponsorship of the Progress Unity Fund (PUF) rather than being an IRS-registered entity
itself.31 As recently as 2019, ANSWER Coalition and PUF shared an address in San
Francisco, which also served as a frequent venue for Party for Socialism and Liberation(PSL) activities, indicating a significant overlap between the three.32 Public tax records
reveal that PUF granted ANSWER Coalition approximately $244,000 over the past five
years. However, between 2019 and 2020, PUF experienced an unexplained contraction
in revenue of over 90%, declining from $1.9 million to $126,000. This suggests a state ofoperational dormancy from 2022, despite PUF’s continued fiscal sponsorship ofANSWER.
The PUF also functions as a fiscal sponsor for an organization known as “Pivot to
Peace,” which has ties to the CCP and operates within the United States. In May 2023,
Pivot to Peace activist Henry Liang was arrested for FARA violations. According to a

28 Letter to Attorney General Merrick Garland, From Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL), August 8, 2023,

rubio.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08.08.23-SMR-Letter-to-DOJ-on-CCP-Influence.pdf.
29 “Tings Chak,” The Blackwood, blackwoodgallery.ca/graph/1aq4m2r8/tings-chak.
30 “Renata Porto Bugni,” Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research, thetricontinental.org/ptpt/brasil/olimpio-alves-dos-santos.
31 ANSWER Coalition is a SID4P Convener, as listed above; See “ANSWER Coalition,” Influence Watch,
influencewatch.org/non-profit/answer-coalition/.
32 Progress Unity Fund, "Form 990 for the Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2019," ProPublica,
projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/943382208/202011789349301336/full; and “Friday,
July 2: PSL Film and Discussion: FTA (F*** the Army),” The San Francisco Bay Area Independent Media
Center (Indybay), indybay.org/newsitems/2010/06/29/18652205.php.

Department of Justice press release, Liang was clandestinely working as an operative
for the CCP while engaged in activities for Pivot to Peace:33“…from in or around 2018 through at least 2022, Liang acted within the UnitedStates as an agent of the PRC government by allegedly providing PRC
government officials with information on Boston-area individuals andorganizations; organizing a counter-protest against pro-democracy dissidents;
providing photographs of and information about dissidents to PRC government
officials; and providing the names of potential recruits to the PRC’s Ministry of
Public Security. At no point did Liang notify the U.S. Attorney General that he wasacting as a PRC government agent.”34
Notwithstanding Liang’s arrest, PUF continues to serve as the fiscal sponsor for bothANSWER Coalition and Pivot to Peace at the present time.
Further analysis of the interconnected relationship between ANSWER, the PUF, andPivot to Peace highlights the significant personnel overlap within Singham Networkaffiliated organizations. Pivot to Peace’s co-founder, Sheila Xiao, is the chair of
ANSWER Coalition’s Los Angeles Chapter, a former PSL “Organizer,” and frequent
participant in panels and events hosted by Jodie Evans’ CODEPINK.35 Xiao has alsocollaborated on research with Manolo De Los Santos, Executive Director of The
People’s Forum, highlighting the engagement and collaboration between Singham
Network organizations and SID4P Convenors.36

33 In the Press Release, the DOJ refers to China by its official name – the People’s Republic of China(PRC).
34 U.S. Department of Justice, “Massachusetts Man Indicted for Acting as an Illegal Agent of the People’s
Republic of China,” May 15, 2023, justice.gov/opa/pr/massachusetts-man-indicted-acting-illegal-agentpeople-s-republic-china.
35 “BOOK LAUNCH: China’s Revolution and the Quest for a Socialist Future w/ Ken Hammond & Sheila
Xiao,” The People’s Forum, peoplesforum.org/events/book-launch-chinas-revolution-and-the-quest-for-asocialist-future-w-ken-hammond-sheila-xiao; and Party for Socialism and Liberation – PSL, “Live in Los
Angeles: PSL member Sheila Xiao discusses the Coronavirus, the racist backlash against China and how
the US healthcare system may be incredibly ill equipped to handle an impending epidemic,” Facebook,
March 6, 2020, facebook.com/pslweb/videos/1028721074176942.
36 “BOOK LAUNCH: China’s Revolution and the Quest for a Socialist Future w/ Ken Hammond & Sheila
Xiao,” The People’s Forum, Ibid.; and Sheila Xiao, Manolo De Los Santos “People’s Summit for Democracy
Offers Progressive Vision to Counter US Dominance,” NewsClick, May 27, 2022, newsclick.in/peoplessummit-democracy-offers-progressive-vision-counter-us-dominance.

Breakthrough MediaBreakthrough Media (BT Media), known for promoting pro-CCP geopolitical interests
through its outlet BreakThrough News (BT News), shares numerous fiscal andorganizational connections with other core organizations of the Singham Network.
According to its 2022 tax filings, as well as its donation portal, BT Media operated out of
the same address as the People’s Forum.37 Moreover, the People’s Forum provided
grants to BT Media in 2021 and 2022, in addition to significant financial support that BT
Media received from other Singham-linked entities. These include $483,000 transferredfrom JEF, $15,600 from PUF, and $540,000 from GSPF since 2022. These grants
account for a substantial portion of BT Media’s revenue, which nearly doubled yearover-year from $253,000 in 2020 to a total of $951,000 in 2022.38

Figure 3: The Flow of Funds within the Singham Network. Note that these are Cash Grants.

SID4P’s Social Media Mobilization and Amplification Strategy
This section highlights the intricate dynamics at play within the #ShutItDown4Palestine
campaign and its impact across various social media platforms. More specifically, it

37 “Become a Member of Breakthrough News,” BreakThrough News, breakthroughnews.org/donate.
38 “Breakthrough Bt Media Inc,” ProPublica, projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/845071181.

identifies key stakeholders to reveal a coalition of far-left organizations and Singham
Network-linked media outlets, such as BT News, which are shaping the online narrativearound the war in Gaza and its ramifications for the U.S. The data highlights acoordinated effort by these groups to promote SID4P’s ideological agenda throughextensive digital outreach and cross-network amplification.
NCRI conducted an extensive examination of the digital footprint associated with thehashtag #ShutItDown4Palestine, which was launched by Manolo De Los Santos on X,
formerly known as Twitter, accruing over 30,000 cross-platform mentions since its
inception.

A time series analysis of the #ShutItDown4Palestine hashtag campaign on X revealed
two prominent outliers relative to the daily baseline average of ±92 posts per day:
1. November 10 (593 posts)
2. March 2 (1091 posts)
November 9 and March 2 were both designated as “Global Shutdown/Action for
Palestine” days, heavily promoted by SID4P. This correlation between the organizeddirect-action events by SID4P and the popularity of its associated hashtag campaign
demonstrates the movement’s ability to mobilize both online and offline.

Figure 4: Time series analysis for mentions of #ShutItDown4Palestine on X

Another aspect of this investigation focused on quantifying the social influence andreach of various groups within the Singham Network that play significant roles in the
SID4P movement. The findings are depicted in Figure 2 and detailed in Table 1, which
presents the Eigenvector Centrality values for the X accounts of the SID4P Convenors. 39
The results reveal that the far-left Convenors, particularly the ANSWER Coalition and
The People’s Forum, along with closely allied groups such as the PSL, were significantly
more active and influential in promoting the hashtag compared to other SID4P
Convenors, such as PYM, NSJP, and Al-Awda. This finding sheds light on thecoordinated effort by Singham Network-linked organizations to dominate the social
media narrative, thereby amplifying the movement’s objectives and expanding its reachacross the digital landscape.

39 Eigenvector Centrality is a metric that measures the influence of a node within a network based on thequality of its connections.

Table 1: Eigenvector centrality values of accounts for SID4P convening organizations for the#ShutItDown4Palestine hashtag social graph.

Figure 5: A social network graph of the #ShutItDown4Palestine hashtag shows active promotion andprominent connectivity between Singham Network-linked Conveners of the SID4P movement.40

This disproportionate influence highlights the central role these groups play within the
SID4P movement in shaping and driving the movement’s online presence, which is
crucial for mobilizing support for its overarching geopolitical and ideological objectives.
Amidst the complex web of influences shaping SID4P’s campaign, alternative media
outlets, particularly those associated with the Singham Network, have played a pivotal
role in the amplification of pro-Palestinian activism. These media entities, once
marginal players in the landscape of international journalism, have undergone asignificant transformation, pivoting towards a near-exclusive focus on Israel withsuspicious growth in audience. This shift is exemplified by BT News, which entirely
repurposed its editorial stance to serve as a tool to vilify Israel in order toopportunistically amplify revolutionary and violent protest in the U.S.

BreakThrough Media and the Role of Alternative News Outlets
BT Media was founded in 2020 by Ben Becker, a founding member of PSL and a former
national organizer for ANSWER Coalition. The key offices and editorial team of BT Newsare likewise dominated by PSL members, including:
1. Claudia De la Cruz – BT Media’s Secretary and Director, as well as PSL’s candidate
for the 2024 Presidential election.
2. Karla Reyes – BT Media’s Chair and Director and De la Cruz’s 2024 PSL Presidential
campaign running mate.
3. Yari Osorio – BT Media’s Treasurer and Director and PSL’s 2012 Vice-Presidential
candidate.41
BT Media’s Host and Producer, Eugene Puryear, was likewise a PSL Vice-Presidential
candidate in 2008 and 2016. The degree of overlap between BT Media and PSL on their
executive and editorial teams is so significant that one can easily conclude that theformer is functionally serving as a mouthpiece for the latter.

40 X (formerly Twitter) post data (±8K posts) and associated metadata was obtained from Rapid API.
41 Breakthrough Bt Media Inc, "Form 990 for the Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2022," ProPublica,

projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/845071181/202343189349303964/full.

Up until approximately six months ago, BT News’ reporting focused on a number of proCCP, far-left, and after the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, pro-Kremlin causes.42 Rania Khalek,
known for her pro-Syrian Regime stance, as well as her affiliation with Russia Today(RT), is listed as a Host and Producer for BT News.43 Kei Pritsker, a journalist for BT
News who has been the face of its coverage of SID4P, reported previously for the proKremlin MintPress News and helped produce an anti-Ukraine segment for RT in 2018.44
In May 2023, BT News joined other Singham Network-linked media outlets in
attendance at the Shanghai-based Global Communications Conference of the Global
South. The conference was hosted by the School of Communications at the East China
Normal University, a public institute funded by the CCP’s Ministry of Education and theShanghai Municipality. Speakers included Executive Director of the Tricontinental
Institute Vijay Prashad, who was keynote speaker, and Tings Chak (see above). 45
Since October 7, 2023, BT News’ narrative focus has undergone a quantifiable shift
away from other far-left causes and towards the war in Gaza. As shown in Table 2, inthe six months prior to October 7, 2023, the top ten keywords in video descriptions for
BT News’ YouTube Channel included China (#4) and Russia (#9), both of which are castin an overwhelmingly positive light (Table 2). Reference to conflicts in the Middle Eastor other foreign policy issues did not appear at all in the top ten keywords list for the
pre-Gaza war time frame.
In stark contrast, from October 7 to April 30, 2024, nearly all of the top ten keywords
used by the account in the six months after October 7 referenced the war in Gaza andassociated protests. These findings demonstrate the extent to which BT News’
coverage pivoted almost exclusively towards the war in Gaza in the wake of October 7.

42 William Bredderman, “U.S Tech Mogul Bankrolls Pro-Russia, Pro-China News Network,” The Daily Beast,

May 29, 2023, thedailybeast.com/neville-singham-funded-breakthrough-news-is-pushing-moscow-beijingpropaganda.
43 RT is a media outlet controlled by the Russian state, broadcasting in English and several otherlanguages; See “Rania Khalek,” Russia Today, rt.com/op-ed/authors/rania-khalek.
44 “Kei Pritsker,” Canary Mission, Last modified April 6, 2024, canarymission.org/individual/Kei_Pritsker.
45 Mauro Ramos, “Media organizations from Global South discuss solidarity and standing up to
sanctions,” Peoples Dispatch, May 8, 2023, peoplesdispatch.org/2023/05/08/media-organizations-fromacross-the-world-discuss-solidarity-and-standing-up-to-sanctions; and Vijay Prashad, “Can the Global
South Build a New World Information and Communication Order?: The Twentieth Newsletter (2023),”
Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research, May 18, 2023, thetricontinental.org/newsletterissue/newworld-information-and-communication-order.

Table 2: Most frequent terms in BT News YouTube title transcripts before and after October 7, 2023,
display an abrupt and complete change of focus to Israel-related topics.

Table 3: Top Keywords for @btnewsroom TikTok Account

NCRI conducted a detailed analysis of BT News’ entire YouTube content, transcribing
and examining each video to identify prevalent themes. This data formed the basis for a
topic network analysis (Figure 6), which revealed a consistent portrayal of China in an
overwhelmingly positive light, especially highlighting its innovative initiatives and global
influence. YouTube videos produced by BT News’ include segments on “How China Will
Win: Capitalism Inherently Collapses,” “China’s Rise,” and “Xi Aims for Common
Prosperity.” This pattern confirms how one of BT News’ primary areas of coverage, i.e.
the amplification of pro-CCP narratives, aligns with the geopolitical interests of its
backers within the Singham Network.

Figure 6: A topic network on the seed term “China” from BT News’ YouTube channel depicts positive
portrayals of China’s innovative initiatives and global influence.

Figure 7: Examples of BT News segments featuring pro-Chinese government content.

The narrative shift to anti-Israel coverage was accompanied by an inexplicably
explosive growth in its following across social media. Using data from Social Blade,

NCRI determined the following growth margins in total followers from October 6, 2023,
to April 30, 2024: Twitter +46%, Instagram +217%, TikTok +21%, and YouTube +224%.
These double and triple-digit growth margins are also clearly correlated to BT News’
pro-Hamas coverage of the October 7 attack; the inflection points forfollower/subscriber growth as well as likes/views can be clearly identified as the monthof October, as illustrated in the charts below for its YouTube channel:

Figure 8: A time series analysis of monthly follower increases for BT News on several social media
platforms.

On October 7, 2023, BT News’ TikTok account’s initial reporting on the ongoing Hamas
attack was: “Palestinian resistance forces launched an unprecedented military action
against Israel… Palestinians have captured several Israeli soldiers, spies and military
vehicles and are destroying the literal infrastructure of the occupation.”46 Later on
October 7, News’ YouTube channel uploaded an interview held in Lebanon between hostRania Khaled (profiled below) and Marwan Abdul Al, a standing member of PFLP’s
politburo.47 Three weeks later, BT News uploaded an interview of Leila Khaled,illustrating how the outlet provides a platform for veteran PFLP operatives and more
broadly enjoys a particularly warm relationship with the terrorist organization.

46 Btnewsroom, TikTok, October 7, 2023, tiktok.com/@btnewsroom/video/7287278292552535339.
47 BreakThrough News, “Exclusive Interview w/ Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Leader,”YouTube, October 7, 2023, youtube.com/watch?v=EqQUOYcJzds.

More recently, on May 3, BT News published a video interview with Al Mayadeencorrespondent Ali Mortada on “Lebanese resistance to Israeli aggression,” conveying
Hezbollah in a positive light.48 Reuters has referred to Al Mayadeen as a pro-Iran, proHezbollah Lebanese media outlet, and in 2019 Bellingcat documented Mortada’s role inlaunching a social media fundraising campaign for the Iranian proxy.49
Both the Khaled and Mortada interviews were marked as fundraisers, showing how BT
News is platforming pro-Iran or pro-terrorism voices in order to generate revenue
through social media platform monetization functionalities. In the months since
October @btnewsroom’s “Palestine” playlist that contains 24 clips has accrued a totalof nearly 2.5 million views, demonstrating the significant reach achieved by the outlet.

Figure 9: October 7, 2023: BT News host Rania Khalek interviews Marwan Abdul Al, a standing member of
PFLP leadership, in Beirut.

48 Btnewsroom, X, May 3, 2024, x.com/BTnewsroom/status/1786425730731053385.
49 Hector Martinez, “Hashtaggers For Hezbollah? How Social Media Fundraising Can Skirt The Rules,”Bellingcat, August 27, 2019, bellingcat.com/news/2019/08/27/hashtaggers-for-hezbollah-how-socialmedia-fundraising-can-skirt-the-rules.

Figure 8: BT News interviews Leila Khaled, a senior PFLP terror-operative.

Figure 10: BT News interviews Ali Mortada, a host for the pro-Hezbollah mouthpiece al-Mayadeen.

BT News is just one of at least eight Singham Network-linked alternative news sources.
50 Nonetheless, its explosive growth on social media in recent months is a testament to
the growing reach enjoyed by alternative media sources that compares to or evenexceeds viewership metrics for mainstream media. BT News embodies this broader
trend as it serves as a tool for the SID4P movement specifically, and the Singham
Network more generally, to shape the online narrative around conflict in the Middle East
and America’s stance on it.

Radical Ties: SID4P’S Convenors and Terrorist Affiliations
Two key Convenors of the SID4P movement, Al-Awda and NSJP, exhibit both historicand ongoing connections to designated terrorist organizations such as Hamas and the
PFLP. Notably, SID4P’s association with the PFLP is further reinforced throughSamidoun’s inclusion as an official Endorser of the movement, as is openly listed on
SID4P’s website.
These connections are not superficial. For instance, Charlotte Kates serves as theCommunications Officer for Al-Awda. Kates is also listed in Canadian business records
as a Director of the Samidoun Palestinian Prisoner Solidarity Network.51 On May 6,2024, Kates spoke at an online event alongside Hamas politburo member Osama
Hamdan.52 She is married to Khalid Barakat, a known PFLP official.53 This couple’s
involvement with PFLP leadership was on display during their 2012 visit to Gaza, where
they met with PFLP deputy secretary general, Jamil Mezher.54 Both Kates and Barakat
actively promote a one-state solution and advocate for the violent dissolution of thestate of Israel.

50 William Bredderman, “U.S Tech Mogul Bankrolls Pro-Russia, Pro-China News Network,” The Daily Beast,

May 29, 2023, Ibid.
51 “National Board, Coordinating Committee,” Al-Awda, al-awdapalestine.org/about/our-aims-andobjectives/national-board.
52 “Video: On the vision of the Resistance – Interview with Osama Hamdan of Hamas,” Palestinian
Alternative Revolutionary Path Movement, May 6, 2024, masarbadil.org/en/2024/05/4686.
53 “‫”الوفد الكندي يختتم زيارته لغزةي والشعبية تنظمي حفل وداعي له‬, Ma’an News Agency, June 24, 2012,maannews.net/news/498073.html.
54 “Jamil Mazhar,” European Council on Foreign Relations,cfr.eu/special/mapping_palestinian_politics/jamil-mezher.

Until at least April 20, Nerdeen Kiswani was listed as the Youth Representative on AlAwda’s national board.55 Kiswani is a veteran Palestinian activist who founded the New
York chapter for Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) and chairs Within our Lifetime(WOL). She is outspoken in her support for Palestinian militant actions and calls for the
globalization of the Intifada. Kiswani’s activities, including her arrests at SID4P-led
protests, underscore her influential role in promoting a more militant approach toward
pro-Palestinian activism in the New York area.56
Additionally, both SJP and PYM, another SID4P Convener, as noted above, aresupported by the Westchester Peace Action Committee (WESPAC). WESPAC provides
fiscal sponsorship to multiple advocacy groups within the Boycott, Divestment,
Sanctions (BDS) movement, including the Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP) and Kiswani’s
WOL. SJP’s founder, Hatem Bazian, participated in fundraising activities for KindHearts,
which is an organization that had its assets frozen by the U.S. Department of Treasury
in 2006.57 Per the U.S. Department of Treasury, KindHearts “officials and fundraisers
have coordinated with Hamas leaders and made contributions to Hamas-affiliatedorganizations.”58 Bazian later helped establish American Muslims for Palestine (AMP),
evolving from the Islamic Palestine Association co-founded by Musa Abu Marzuq of
Hamas.59
Several other individuals previously investigated for ties to Hamas such as Saleh
Sarsour and Osama Abu Irshaid currently serve alongside Bazian on AMP’s National

55 “National Board, Coordinating Committee,” Al-Awda, Captured by WayBack Machine April 20, 2024,

web.archive.org/web/20240420043200/al-awdapalestine.org/about/our-aims-and-objectives/nationalboard.
56 Center on Extremism, “Nerdeen Kiswani and Within Our Lifetime-United for Palestine: What You Needto Know,” Anti-Defamation League, April 26, 2024, adl.org/resources/blog/nerdeen-kiswani-and-within-ourlifetime-united-palestine-what-you-need-know.
57 Dr. Jonathan Schanzer, “From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between
Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing,” Foundation for Defense of Democracies,
November 15, 2023, gop-waysandmeans.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/SchanzerTestimony.pdf; and “Former Treasury Official: Same Network That Funded Hamas in U.S. Backs Boycottsof Israel,” The Tower, April 20, 2016, thetower.org/3260oc-former-treasury-official-same-network-thatfunded-hamas-in-u-s-backs-boycotts-of-israel.
58 U.S. Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Freezes Assets of Organization Tied to Hamas,” February
19, 2006, home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/js4058.
59 “Profile: American Muslims for Palestine,” Anti-Defamation League, March 29, 2013,
adl.org/sites/default/files/american-muslims-for-palestine-2013-03-29-v4.pdf.

Board.60 As recently as October 31, 2023, the Virginia Office of the Attorney Generalannounced: “the Attorney General will investigate allegations that the organization[AMP] may have used funds raised for impermissible purposes under state law,
including benefitting or providing support to terrorist organizations.”61
A lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court in Virginia by Greenberg Traurig in 2024 allegesthat AMP and NSPJ are not merely independent activist groups, but actually “support
and further the goals and directives of Hamas.”62 The suit references an “NJSP Toolkit”
that was distributed to students on October 8th, 2023, the day following Hamas’ attack.
This toolkit included coordinated “resistance materials,” calls for mass mobilization,and celebrations of Hamas’ attack, which it referred to as a “historic win.”

Conclusion: Strengthening Democratic Resilience Against Internal
Threats
The emergence and activities of the “Shut It Down for Palestine” (SID4P) movement
highlights a trend in which the instruments of democracy are being exploited toundermine its foundations. This report has demonstrated how SID4P, with its
connections to, and backing from, foreign entities, and its affiliations with terroristlinked organizations, has effectively exploited the U.S. non-profit system andinstitutions that are afforded democratic protections to propagate anti-democratic
ideologies and disrupt societal norms. Its deployment of influence and action to target
critical infrastructure and educational institutions exemplifies what appears to be a newwave of decentralized, network-driven disruption that poses national security concerns.
As the United States approaches a presidential election, the potential for these
movements to catalyze further unrest is not only likely but could even escalate into a
scenario where electoral processes are disrupted by widespread riots and protests.
Given the explicitly anti-American and anti-capitalist ideology of the SID4P movement,
60 Dr. Jonathan Schanzer, “From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between

Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing,” Foundation for Defense of Democracies,
Ibid.
61 Commonwealth of Virginia – Office of the Attorney General, “Attorney General's Office Opens
Investigation Into American Muslims for Palestine Nonprofit,” October 31, 2023, oag.state.va.us/mediacenter/news-releases/2630-october-31-2023-attorney-generals-office-opens-investigation-into-americanmuslims-for-palestine-nonprofit.
62 Parizer v. AJP Educ. Found. Inc., E.D. Va., No. 1:24-cv-00724, filed May 1, 2024,
carolinajournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/palestine-1-050124.pdf.

its deployment of social unrest and information warfare represents a hybrid threat that
requires a robust response.
To counteract these threats, it is imperative for democratic institutions to develop
robust mechanisms of transparency and oversight. Specifically, there is a critical needfor more accountability from entities that enjoy nonprofit status and other fiscal
privileges to ensure that they are not exploiting these protections to support terrorist
activities or enhance the agendas of potentially foreign powers that are hostile to theUnited States. The current protections and benefits afforded to such institutions, forinstance the fiscal confidentiality enjoyed by donors to 501(c)s, need more robust
measures in place to prevent the type of misuse that threatens the social fabric of
American society, and through that, its institutions and internal stability.
Additionally, as recommended by Senator Rubio to Attorney General Garland in 2023, it
is imperative to investigate whether entities associated with Mr. Singham may be in
violation of the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA), which was enacted in 1938 tocounter Nazi propaganda. This Act requires specific agents representing foreign
principals and involved in political activities or other related activities to periodicallydisclose their relationship with these foreign principals, along with their activities,
receipts, and disbursements in support of those activities. While FARA does not prohibit
lobbying or promoting foreign interests, it is intended to promote transparency withrespect to foreign influence over American public opinion.
By recognizing these movements as threats to national stability rather than as isolated
incidents of civil unrest, we can better protect the democratic values and structural
integrity of American society and its democratic institutions.

Appendix

Figure 11: A graphic depicting the relationships between entities in the Singham Network and the SID4P
movement.

International People’s Assembly
The International People’s Assembly (IPA) is the least visible of the Singham-linked
SID4P Convenors. IPA’s official social media accounts were opened in 2021 and its
Instagram profile states that the account is based in Brazil.63 Many of its audio-visualand textual productions appear in Spanish and Portuguese alongside English,
facilitating conveyance of its target narratives to Latin America and Latino activist
circles within the US.
Notwithstanding its apparent focus on Latin America, IPA has far-reaching global
interests. According to investigative reporting performed by South Africa’s
AmaBhungane, the IPA is, “a sort of umbrella organization for trade unions, politicalparties and social movements… Singham is directly involved in the IPA, and it appears
to play an important coordinating role in his network of influence.”64 Tricontinental islisted as an official partner of the IPA, and CODEPINK is designated a member of its
coordinating committee. Another coordinating committee member is the Palestine
Workers Party, which is part of the Palestinian Legislative Council.
IPA’s activities across the global south, particularly in Latin America and sub-SaharanAfrica, warrant further analysis that is beyond the scope of this report. That said, IPA
serves as a platform for both pro-CCP and pro-terrorism voices. For example, on
October 13, 2023, IPA hosted a conference titled “Dilemmas in Humanity” in South
Africa where speakers featured Leila Khaled, a PFLP terrorist, as well as Claudia De la
Cruz of the People’s Forum and PSL.65 Tings Chak, discussed previously for her
connections to other Singham entities, likewise identifies as a member of IPA.66
Notwithstanding its clear Singham connections, IPA’s tactical role in the SID4P coalition
is more tangential than either the People’s Forum or ANSWER Coalition, given its
relatively low mobilization capacity on U.S. streets and campuses. Instead, IPA enjoys
working relationships with socialist, Marxist, and pro-CCP movements worldwide andcan be seen as a bridge between US-based and global pro-terror activism. Its
employment of official social media accounts in attaching the #ShutItDown4Palestine
63 Peoples.assembly, Instagram, instagram.com/peoples.assembly.
64 Micah Reddy, Sam Sole, “Who Killed New Frame?”, AmaBhungane, July 27, 2022,

amabhungane.org/220727-who-killed-new-frame.
65 Dilemmas for Humanity, “South Africa prepares to host historic conference on dialogues towards
socialism,” October 13, 2023, dilemmasofhumanity.org/dilemmas-south-africa.
66 T_ings, X, October 2, 2021, twitter.com/t_ings/status/1444249212074430470.

hashtag to footage of pro-Palestine demonstrations outside the U.S. point to attempts
at globalizing the SID4P initiative.67

67 Peoplesassembl_, X,

twitter.com/search?q=from%3A%40peoplesassembl_%20%23ShutItDown4Palestine