Andrew Hamilton on Freedom of the Press
There is heresy in law as well as in religion, / and both have changed法においても、同様に宗教においても、異端が存在しており、/ そしてどちらとvery much;/ and we well know / that it is not two centuries ago / that a man ofも大きく変革してきている / そして私たちはよく知っている / それは２世紀前ですらな

religion would have been burned as a heretic / for owning such opinions in matters

い / 宗教に生きる人は異端者として燃やされたのであろうこと / 宗教の事柄においてそof religion / as are publicly written and printed at this day.//

うした考えを持つことに対して / 今日に公に書かれ、出版されているような//

They were fallible men, / it seems,/ and we take the liberty, / not only to

彼らは、間違っている人たちだった / 一見して見ると、/ そして私たちは自由

differ from them in religious opinion, / but to condemn them and their opinions

を持っている / 宗教的な意見において彼らとは異なるだけでなく / 彼らと彼らの考え方

too; / and I must presume that / in taking these freedoms in thinking and speaking/も非難できる / そして私はこう推定しなければならない / 考えることと話すことにおい

about matters of faith or religion, / we are in the right;/ for, though it is said /thereて自由を持つことは / 信仰や宗教の事柄について / 私たちのほうが正しいと:/ 言われて

are very great liberties of this kind taken in New York, / yet I have heard of no

いる / ニューヨークではこの類（言論、信仰）の優れた自由があると、/ しかし未だに私

information / proffered by Mr. Attorney/ for any offenses of this sort.//は一切情報を聞かない / ゴリッパな検事殿から提供される（はずの）/ この種のあらゆる犯罪に関して//From which I think it is pretty clear/ that in New York a man may make

このことから思うに、それは極めて明白である / ニューヨークでは人は自分自very free with his God, / but he must take special care / what he says of his

身の神については何を言ってもよいこと / しかし、その人は特別な注意を払わなければい

Governor.// It is agreed upon by all men / that this is a reign of liberty,/ and while

けない / 知事（権力者）に対していうことには// すべての人に同意されることだが / こmen keep within the bounds of truth, / I hope they may with safety both speak

こは自由が支配する領域で / 人が真実の境界線の内側にとどまっている間は / 私は人々

and write- / their sentiments of the conduct of men of power... / were this to beが安全に話すこと、書くことを希望している / 権力を持つ者の行動への意見を… / もしdenied, / then the next step may make them slaves.//

これが否定されるならば / 次の段階には、人々を奴隷にするかもしれない//

Vocabularyheresy異端make free

無遠慮にふるまうfallible

ミスをする可能性があるsentiments

感情、意見＊TIPS＊

皮肉について英語でも、日本語でも、皮肉の効いた文章は大きく変わりません。

完璧じゃない基本は【ネガティブな事に対してポジティブな言い回し】をします。

take the liberty

勝手にする

例えば、お部屋を片付けていないと、condemn

非難する「まあ、とってもきれいなお部屋ですこと」＝ ”Oh, it’s so clean.” などと言われます。

presume推定するこうした表現が長文で登場すると、皮肉と気が付かずに「本当に部屋がきれいなのだ」と勘違いすることがあります。内容のポジティブとネガティブは常に判断するようにしましょう。

※無断複製禁止 All rights reserved.

＊裏面の問題は音読を毎回 40 分以上反復してから挑戦しましょう＊

There is __________ in law as well as in religion, and both have changed

Question 1: How does Hamilton compare politics and religion?

very much; and we well know that it is not two _________ ago that a man ofreligion would have been burned as a heretic for owning such opinions inmatters of religion as are publicly written and printed at this day.
They were _________ men, it seems, and we take the liberty, not only
to differ from them in religious opinion, but to _________ them and their opinions
too; and I must ______________ that in taking these _________________ inthinking and speaking about matters of faith or religion, we are in the right; for,Question 2: In what way does Hamilton assert that custom has changed
from 200 years prior?

though it is said there are very great liberties of this kind taken in New York,yet I have heard of no information ________________ by Mr. Attorney for any
offenses of this sort.
From which I _______________ pretty clear that in New York a man
may make very free with his God, but he must take special care what he says of
his Governor. It is agreed upon by all men that this is a reign of _____________,
and while men keep within the _________ of truth, I hope they may with safety
both speak and write their ________________ of the conduct of men of power...
were this to be denied, then the next step may make them ________________.

Summarize ( 50 ~ 80 words)：

Question 3: What does Hamilton believe to be the result, if the press is notfree to criticize power?

＊Background knowledge:
In 1733, John Peter Zenger founded the New York Weekly
Journal. The paper was critical of the government, and Zenger wasarrested on a charge of seditious libel. The court then debarred his
defence council, leaving him without council. Hamilton, a famous＊Summary Sample Answer（Very Short）
People shouldn’t be punished for publishing religious or politicalopinions. If people cannot speak ill of the government, they become
slaves to it.

lawyer, heard of the case, and traveled from Philadelphia to New
York to take up the printer’s case. Thanks to Hamilton, the jury

（50 ~80 words）

found Zenger “Not Guilty”.

In the past, people were burned at the stake for religious heresy,
but now we can express ourselves more freely. This is good. I amaware of no cases of religious heresy being brought to court. Thismeans that we can insult god, but must be careful with how we
speak of the government! If people are punished for expressing
opinions about those in power, they may as well be slaves.

＊Q&A Sample Answer
Q1: There is heresy in both politics and religion. There shouldbe freedom in both politics and religion.
Q2: In the past, people were burnt for heresy, but no longer.
Hamilton does not want people to be punished for criticizing
government.
Q3: Without freedom of the press (to criticize the government),
the people are made slaves.