27 April 2016

International Flood Initiative Strategy 2016-2022
1. Context
Flooding is one of the greatest water-related environmental disasters known to us—its human,material and ecological costs are staggering. After 1980, in particular, floodsa account for about two
thirds of all natural disaster victims around the world. The number of people vulnerable to devastating
floods is expected to continue to rise due to large-scale urbanisation, population growth in flood-prone
areas, deforestation, climate change and rising sea levels. New disaster risk reduction approaches areneeded to build the necessary capacity to address these challenges.
On the other hand, floods are natural phenomena that contribute to the biodiversity and sustainabilityof ecosystems and to many human activities. Both developed and developing countries have benefited
from economic development in areas prone to flooding. Close to one billion people—one-sixth of the
global population, the majority of them among the world's poorest inhabitants—now live on flood
plains. Developing countries with mainly agricultural economies depend largely on their fertile flood
plains for food security and poverty alleviation. The deltas of many river systems favour low-tech
agricultural practices and provide livelihoods for millions. The wetlands in flood plains contribute tobiodiversity and also create employment opportunities.
The International Flood Initiative (IFI) made its official debut in January 2005 at the World
Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR) in Kobe, Japan following endorsement by the the 16th
session of the IHP Intergovernmental Council (September 2004, Paris) and the 12th session of WMO
CHy (October 2004, Geneva) respectively. It is a joint initiative of international organisations
including UNESCO’s International Hydrological Programme (IHP), World MeteorologicalOrganization (WMO), the United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR), United Nations
University (UNU), the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), the International
Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), the Institute for Catastrophic
Loss Reduction (ICLR) and International Institute for Apploed Systems Analysis (IIASA), originallycreated by UNESCO, ICLR and IIASA. The IFI secretariat is located in the International Centre for
Water Hazards and Risk Management (ICHARM), Tsukuba, Japan, and coordinates the IFI activities.
Based on the joint efforts including the supportive actions from the U.N. International Decade for
Action, “Water for Life” (2005-2015) (UNESCO/WMO 2007), the IFI has been working toconceptualise, design and implement flood mitigation and protective actions and activities, using
contributions from participatory organisations. Being intimately aware of the achievements that havebeen made in flood management in the past decade, the IFI has also tried to foster the mobilisation of
resources and networks of the U.N. system, nongovernmental organisations and so on in order to assist
communities and governments in developing culturally sensitive flood management strategies andthereby addressing sustainable development, such as through the IFI flagship project “to support
benchmarking flood risk reduction at global, national and local levels” since 2013.
The post-2015 framework (Sendai Framework) for DRR was adopted at the Third World Conference
on DRR in March 2015 in Japan, which represented a unique opportunity for countries to adopt a
concise, focused, forward-looking and action-oriented DRR framework (UNISDR 2015). States also
reiterated their commitment to DRR and the building of resilience to disasters to be addressed with arenewed sense of urgency in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication and, as
appropriate, to be integrated into policies, plans, programs, and budgets at all levels and consideredwithin relevant frameworks. National targets and indicators will contribute to the achievement of theoutcome and goal of this framework. The framework gives the first of these four priorities for action
as: “Understanding disaster risk”. These are actions which: promote the collection, analysis,management and use of data; the assessment of disaster risk; the use of geospatial information; anddisaster-related education, dissemination and awareness raising, indicatively emphasising the role ofscience and technology. By expressing sincere appreciation to the valuable contributions from IFI
partners in its initial decade, it is the time for the IFI to provide a stepping-stone for the
implementation of the Sendai Framework (UNISDR 2015) by revitalising its activities aimed atbuilding on the successes of the past and leassons learned, while addressing existing gaps in
implementing a holistic approach to flood management strategies comprising optimal structural andnonstructural measures and thereby mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and addressing sustainable
development.
Among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs, UN 2015), IFI has a pivotal role to play for Target
11.5, which explicitly states water-related disasters.
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Target 11.5: By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people
affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to gross domestic productcaused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and peoplein vulnerable situations.
Discussion is ongoing in order to disaggregate the indicator 11.5.1 by type of loss (e.g. number ofdeaths, missing people and number of people displaced) and type of disasters (floods, droughts,
tsunamis, earthquakes, landslides etc.), as well as the addition of another indicator monitoring thedirect economic loss due to disasters.
The goals necessary to monitor the targets related to floods contained in the Sendai Framework(UNISDR 2015) and in the SDGs (UN 2015) are already present in the Strategy of IFI. Moreover thework of IFI for the Flood-related goals may also serve as an example of monitoring methodology forother disasters.
Surely the IFI platform plays a crucial role in all the targets in Goal 6 and targets 1.5 and target 13.1.
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Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation to all.
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Target 1.5: By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations andreduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, socialand environmental shocks and disasters.
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Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural
disasters in all countries.
The Paris Agreement as an outcome of the 21st session of the UN Climate Change Conference of Parties(COP-21), adopted on 11 November 2015 welcomes both 2030 Agenda and Sendai Framework, IFI(may/can/has a capacity to) contribute to the Item (c) and (d) of the Paragraph 7 of the Article 7 and Article
8, of the COP-21 which are;(c) Strengthening scientific knowledge on climate, including research, systematic observation of theclimate system and early warning systems, in a manner that informs climate services and supports
decisionmaking;(d) Assisting developing country Parties in identifying effective adaptation practices, adaptation needs,
priorities, support provided and received for adaptation actions and efforts, and challenges and gaps, in amanner consistent with encouraging good practices;
Article 8 No. 1 Parties recognize the importance of averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage
associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including extreme weather events and slow onset
event and the role sustainable development in reducing the risk of loss and damage. The new initiative forclimate risk early warning systems was launched at the COP21 (CREWS 2015).
This new strategy is to update the original IFI concept (UNESCO/WMO 2007) in 2007 toward solid andstrategic actions to support and implement those arguments for development and disaster risk reduction.

22. What is Integrated Flood Management?
Integrated Flood Management (IFM) is a process promoting a holistic risk-based approach to flood
management that aims at maximising the net benefits from the use of flood plains and minimising lossof life from flooding. IFM integrates land and water resources management with respect to flood
management within the broader context of integrated water resources management (IWRM). IFM
includes institutional actors at all levels of flood management and recognises the critical importanceof stakeholder participation and cultural diversity in planning and implementation.
Required new approaches across sectors and disciplines
A broad range of interdisciplinary and multisectoral inputs are needed to develop the means to reduce
the risks associated with flood hazards. Despite efforts to produce new approaches, many factors thatforce people to live in flood-prone areas, such as poverty and land management, have not been taken
into account. Current measures are often only applied in single sectors. This problem is further
exacerbated by the lack of a clear understanding of how the impacts of development, the magnitude offlood hazards, the shortage of resources and political will—factors that require enhanced coordinationand engagement across disciplines—interact with each other. We need a new approach that recognises
flood management as a critical part of the broader context of IWRM. The approach also needs to take
into account social and economic welfare and to ensure that resources are shared in an equitablemanner without compromising ecological sustainability. Flood management—through investment andthe redirection of resources—offers significant economic benefits and potentially reduces loss of life.

3. IFI Mission Statement
The International Flood Initiative (IFI) promotes an integrated approach to flood management to takeadvantage of the benefits of floods and the use of flood plains while reducing the social, environmental
and economic risks.
A Joint Initiative
UNESCO and WMO, building on past cooperative successes, launched the IFI in January 2005 toaddress existing management gaps through a holistic approach and to provide a platform for further
collaborative efforts. The IFI is also working in close collaboration with the UNU, the IAHS and the
ISDR. U.N. agencies working on other aspects of flood management will also be invited to contributeto the initiative.
The international community has committed itself to finding new approaches to managing risk andaddressing vulnerability, which includes prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery.
The IFI is working towards these goals and will serve as an important evolutionary link in thetransition between the implementation of the SDGs (UN 2015), as well as the Sendai Framework(UNISDR 2015) activities. Likewise, the IFI aims to promote the concept of integrated flood
management by emphasising the benefits that can be derived from floods while reducing flood losses.
Referring to the Tokyo Statement (IRDR 2015) regarding a new science and technology that
consolidates DRR and sustainable development, the IFI will need to:- adopt a common methodology on data collection and economic analysis of disasters that can bepracticed by national and local platforms to realise evidence-based policy making on disaster risk
reduction that can be practiced globally,- enhance numerical preassessments of damages by various hazards based on interdisciplinary
knowledge to formulate preventive policies and strategies, and- fully share these valuable “best practices” of disaster risk reduction that are based on scientificfindings.

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Objective
The initiative will enable countries to:
Database• Improve data collection and analysis for flood management;• Encourage timely sharing of information related to transboundary water related disasters; and• Broaden the knowledge-base with respect to the risks and benefits of floods.
Science & technology• Develop approaches to map, assess and reduce vulnerability and risk;• Improve flood forecasting and early warning for both rural and urban areas;• Increase the effectiveness of forecasts and people-centred early warning systems;• Optimise a mix of structural and nonstructural approaches; and• Improve in-service training in all aspects of flood management.
Capacity building• Enhance the capacity to better manage floods under climate change;• Incorporate flood management into school and university curricula;Financial mechanisms• Develop financial mechanisms for transferring risks and sharing losses from floods; and• Augment the use of the benefits of floods.
Local, national, regional initiatives• Build on and improve institutional frameworks for flood management including transboudary
disasters;• Develop area-specific adaptation strategies;• Improve flood plain management in urban and rural areas;• Improve community approaches to flood management; and• Develop participatory approaches to be used in a variety of contexts and cultural settings.
The IFI strategic structure is shown in Figure 1.

4. IFI’s guiding principles
Living with Floods
The negative impact of floods can be reduced by better understanding the risks and modifying how
they arise in a holistic manner. Flood risks are processes that result from a combination of flood
hazards, exposure, and societal vulnerabilities. This approach also draws on resources at thecommunity level and its traditional knowledge on floods, as well as providing training and incentives
to use the benefits from floods. The initiative will thus help communities and governments develop
culturally sensitive and sustainable flood management strategies.
EquityThe distribution of costs and benefits of flood management has both ethical and legal dimensions.
Equity issues arise because of national borders and jurisdictions (transboundary flood management),
upstream and downstream riparian rights, rural and urban interests, and more broadly, between thosebearing the costs and those receiving the benefits. Integrated flood management must promote policy
outcomes that seem fair and legitimate to all stakeholders. As these also include future generations,strategies must also promote intergenerational equity.

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Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)

Integrated Flood Management (IFM)
Sendai framework
SDGs
UNCCC COP21

Minimizing

Maximizing

social, environmental and economic risks

net benefits from the use of flood plains

IFI implementation steps
climate change, changes in anthropogenic
activities

inter-disciplinary, trans-sectoral and basin-wide approaches

Planning

Implementation- stakeholder participation- cultural diversity- impact & cost/benefit
assessment- decision making- early warning systems- land use management- effective infrastructure development- increasing people’s awareness- institutional frameworks- building back better

Understanding of current status- magnitude of flood hazards- impact of development(changes in exposure, vulnerability)- shortage of resources- shortage of political will

Follow-up- risk re-analysis- clarifying problems- identifying areas to be strengthened

IFI supporting tools
science & technology

database(statistics of flood
damages/benefits and flood
management knowledge)

Focus Areas
Expected
Stakeholders

Monitoring

local, national,
regional initiatives(monitoring technology, simulation tools,
risk assessment methodology, clear
indices)Hazard Assessment

IFI promoters

Academic Society(Internationalorganizations etc.)(universities, research
institutes etc.)(IFI-AP, IFI-LAC etc.)

Exposure Assessment
Government(water, disaster)

Local
communities

financialmechanisms

capacitybuilding(economic analysis tools andmethods)(training courses)

Vulnerability assessment andcapacity building

DB operational
supporters

Finance and investment

Project investors& owners

Funding Agencies(ODAs, Banks, UN etc.)

Figure 1: IFI Strategic Structure 2016-20225

Empowered participation
The importance of empowering individuals and communities that are directly affected by floods
through participatory decision-making is now widely seen as vital to successful integrated flood
management. Thus the coordinated participation of all stakeholders—through appropriate institutions
and innovative governance frameworks—will be a key mechanism at all levels of flood-related
activities. The initiative will partner with UNESCO’s Management of Social Transformation (MOST)
programme to ensure implementation of this guiding principle in its projects.
Interdisciplinarity and trans-sectorality
The IFI will develop and enhance knowledge systems on all flood-related preparatory activities, suchas monitoring, network design, improving statistical analysis of floods, real-time forecasting and floodmodelling. The initiative will also focus on assessing community vulnerabilities, along with theirrespective causes—e.g. poverty, migration to urban centres and megacities, population growth, andlack of experience and norms. As such, an interdisciplinary and holistic approach will be the corephilosophy of the initiative. All scientific knowledge, including the social sciences, and newtechnologies, particularly remote sensing and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT),
will be harnessed at every step. The initiative will emphasise the integration of all stakeholders inflood management plans. As development activities within a basin are usually carried out under
different sectors and administrative jurisdictions, coordination is essential for designing institutional
reforms and participatory stakeholder processes that promote fair and effective flood management
policies. The IFI will establish links among the scientific community, decision-makers at all levels ofgovernment, relevant U.N. bodies, organisations, NGOs, and the private sector. This multisectoral
approach will increase the effectiveness of processes and the acceptance of flood management
decisions.
International and regional cooperation
The exchange and management of data, information and knowledge will be facilitated throughcooperative networks, such as UNESCO’s IHP National Committees and Water Centers under the
auspices of UNESCO, National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs), WMO's
Regional Training Centres and related initiatives such as Typhoon Committee (TC), Advisory
Working Group (AWG), the Hydrology and Water Resources Programme of WMO through its
Technical Commission for Hydrology (CHy), in particular the WMO Flood Forecasting Initiative(WMO-FFI), and UN/ISDR and IAHS National Committees. Other institutions, such as UNU,UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Educations, ICHARM, the International Institute for Applied
Systems Analysis (IIASA), the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) and initiatives such as Flow
Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data (FRIEND), Hydrology for Environment,Life and Policy (HELP), IAHS Panta Rhei (everything flows), the WMO/Global Water Partnership(GWP) Associated Programme on Flood Management (APFM), the International Flood Network(IFNet), and the World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS) will cooperate in technicaland scientific capacity building. Committee for the organization of International Conferences on Flood
Risk (ICFM) offered and successfully linked IFI to the program of these conferences. First IFI session
was at the 4th ICFM in Toronto (2008) followed with the special IFI sessions at the 5th ICFM in
Tokyo (2011) and 6th ICFM in Sao Paolo (2014) and plans for special IFI session at 7th ICFM in Leeds(2017). Since ICFM was closely supported by UNESCO and WMO it was seen as one of the major
outlets for presentations of IFI activities. The development, promotion and transfer of appropriatetechnologies in flood management will also fall under this category.
The initiative requires close cooperation and coordination with the relevant U.N. entities, such as UNWater, UN-ESCAP, World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP), World Climate Programme, theCommission on Sustainable Development (CSD) process, the follow up to the World Conference on
Disaster Risk Reduction as established through the Hyogo Framework of Action, the U.N. Decade on
Education for Sustainable Development and the U.N. International Decade for Action, “Water forLife” (2005-2015), and other intergovernmental processes such as the New partnership for African

Development (NEPAD) and the African Ministeral Council on Water (AMCOW) . Cooperation will
also be sought with the water-related NGO community, such as the World Water Council (WWC), theGlobal Water Partnership (GWP), the World Water Forum series, as well as technical associations,such as the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), the International Associationfor Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), the International Commission on
Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), and the International Water Resources Association (IWRA). Particularattention will be paid to the problems of developing countries, primarily those in the Least Developed
Countries (LDC) category, to enable them to cope fairly and effectively with flood hazards as part oftheir national strategy for poverty alleviation. Further cooperation with the River Basin Commissions
and other regional bodies will be sought.

5. Strategic activities
The initiative will focus on research, education and training, information networking, promoting good
governance and providing technical assistance. It will guide actions at the regional or inter-regional
levels for cooperation for flood disaster risk reduction in order to foster more efficient planning, createcommon information systems and exchange good practices and programs for cooperation and capacity
development, and to adopt and implement national and local disaster risk reduction strategies andplans. All these actions will be across different scales with targets, indicators and timeframes, aimed atpreventing the creation of risk, reducing existing risk and strengthening economic, social, health andenvironmental resilience. Additionally these actions will further provide the necessary scientificinformation and background in support of possible DRR targets in the Post-2015 development agenda,
especially in “Understanding disaster risk,” one of the four priorities for action in the Sendai
Framework (UNISDR 2015).
Research focused on the interdisciplinary aspects of flood management will promote and support
sustainable development and management of river basins and serve the needs of local communities.
This will require close cooperation sectors and research and synergies with current international
programmes.
Information networking that incorporates both existing networks and areas not yet networked will
provide open access to data, knowledge and best practices. These will, inter alia, provide dataclassification and conceptual clustering of related knowledge for flood management-related
technologies, at the household or regional level, as well as access to flood data and international
bibliographic databases in several languages. Metadata networks that link the technical, relief andinsurance communities will be developed.
Education and training will focus on education at all academic levels—from primary school tograduate seminars. On-the-job training will be available not only to the technical community, but also
to a broader audience, which includes lawmakers, politicians and all stakeholders. Knowledge
institutions within the U.N. system will be encouraged to take part in this endeavour.
Empowering communities with good governance and participatory approaches in decision-making
will provide the final link in achieving the initiative’s objectives. This entails mobilising individualand community resources in order to apply networking strategies improving the governance of flood
management in both rural and urban communities.
Technical assistance will develop local capacity and provide help where it is needed. Technicalassistance activities will range from local support for empowering communities to helping national
governments establish comprehensive national flood management plans, as part of the overall national
integrated water resources management strategy.

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6. Stakeholders and focus areas for IFI activities
By taking advantage of the comprehensive expertise/experts’ network provided by the IFI members
and strengthening complementary activities between them, a synergic and inter-disciplinary approach
will be implemented to target the focus areas of: 1) flood hazard assessment, 2) exposure assessment,3) vulnerability, current coping capacity, building resilient communities and preparedness assessment
to identify remaining risks and finally 4) follow-ups and monitoring of the whole process of disasterrisk reduction.
National and international stakeholders- Governments need to empower national platforms so that they can practice evidence-based disasterrisk reduction as part of sustainable development.
- The scientific community needs to enhance the forecasting and visualisation capabilities of new risks
and the associated potential social impacts in order to prevent further disasters due to theintensification of hazards.
- The disaster management community and the Earth observation community need to collaboratively
enhance their capability to monitor existing risks and associated social impacts and to mitigate
disasters due to the augmentation of vulnerabilities.
- Scientific communities on disaster risk reduction, Earth environment and health need to bringpractitioners and researchers together in collaborative efforts to improve disaster resilience.
- The international community needs to set up a process of encouraging existing and future programs
and initiatives to create research networks and practices for promoting evidence-based disaster risk
reduction for sustainable development.
Progress of activities undertaken in the focus areas below will be quantified through a Monitoring and
Evaluation (M&E) process that is an integral part of IFI. The focus areas show how to support national
platforms to practice evidence-based DRR through monitoring, assessment, capacity building,
synthesis, advice, communication and engagement. Regular follow-ups of all activities through thisM&E seek to identify the gaps where further actions are required. The M&E process strives toquantify to which extent improvements are possible in the areas of flood loss reduction, deriving
benefits from floods, coping capacity and the resilience of communities at risk, as well as theoutreach-effectiveness of the programme through the availability and application of products
developed by the IFI, such as guidelines, workshops, and courses.
Focus Areas
Flood Hazard Assessment• Multihazard analysis• Data for hazard assessment• Hydrologic and hydraulic modelling• Flood hazard mapping• Effective forecasting and early warning• Indicators
Flood Exposure Assessment• Data for risk assessment• Hydrologic, hydraulic and economic modelling• Flood mapping• Indicators
Vulnerability assessment and capacity building• Effective communication• Preparedness• Response to warnings

8• Methodologies to account for multiple stressors such as integrated research with droughts• Estimating social, political, health, and ecological impacts• Flood mapping• Indicators
Finance and investment• National and local platforms through data collection and economic analysis• Estimating economic impacts including the benefits of floods• Mechanisms (including financial) to increase coping capacity and resilience• Structural and nonstructural measures• Indicators
Monitoring• Data collection and sharing and standardisation as a key action area
• Statistics• Risk monitoring
Synthesis• Clear and unambiguous scientific views on current state of knowledge and the ways toreduce significant human and economic losses for international policy use
Communication and engagement• Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary programs• Coordination between governments and science and technology communities at national,
regional and global levels• Involvement of international and regional agencies to help at regional level for flood
management• International scientific advisory functions offering effectiveness assessments• Organization of special sessions at the international conferences dealing with flood risk
management

7. Outcome of the IFI activities
The output of the IFI activities will facilitate and enable the preparation, by widely understandable
procedures, of regional, national and local maps of flood risk areas; profiles of country and local area
risks in terms of the number of affected people; and the assessment of potential economic damage
quantities. To reach these outputs, it is key to develop appropriate methodologies to identify flood
hazards, quantify initial exposure, and risks remaining after the implementation of mitigation
measures, as well as benchmarking risk and creating risk profiles. The consensus of suchmethodologies will support mainstreaming DRR for flood management at regional, national and local
decision making processes. As such, the IFI activities will create information and databases tofacilitate decision-making and monitoring of flood risk reduction in order to:
make leaders understand the status of flood risk in countries and offer them decision
alternatives;
help practitioners to plan and implement effective flood management strategies;
support the progress toward achieving the SDGs (UN 2015) and the relevant global
development targets on water and disasters;
provide scientific tools for monitoring the progress of the Sendai Framework (UNISDR 2015);
andachieve the above in a seamless and effective manner.
The primary outcomes of each of the IFI activities contributed by participating organisations aredemand-driven networking and related documentations of best practices at different scales for: 1)
flood hazard assessment, 2) exposure assessment, 3) vulnerability, current coping capacity, building

9resilient communities and preparedness assessment to identify remaining risk, and finally 4) followups and monitoring of the whole process of disaster risk reduction as a benchmark. Communicationand collaboration on the country/community/basin scale for benchmarking is expected to identify thegaps and seek best practice methodologies, which leads to a scientific back-up for decision-making
and maintaining DRR knowledge on regional and inter-regional scales.

8. Administrative mechanism
The operations of these IFI activities will be performed through resources consisting of each voluntary
partner’s in-kind and financial contribution along with in-kind contribution from ICHARM, the IFI
secretariat. ICHARM will support the functions as the IFI secretariat through:• Serving as the point of contact for the IFI secretariat;• Routing incoming communications to the IFI Partners and coordinating follow up
communications as required;• Maintaining, updating and upgrading the IFI website and related information as required;• Organising meetings (if necessary) for the continuous improvement of the IFI activities,
higher exposure in relative international conferences and follow up actions taken; and• Providing logistics in the form of office space and utilities for IFI.
The implementation plan for this IFI strategy will be developed and updated by the IFI partners as a living
document. The critical points for the timeframe to be agreed upon can be discussed during the International
Conference on Flood Management (ICFM), held every three years. Visible outputs, informal meetings,
including telephone conferences, will be arranged if necessary. As the IFI activities are identified as a partof the IHP-VIII Theme 1, the IHP VIII timeframe (2014-2021) and accompanying milestones can be agood opportunity to check and monitor the progress and activities of the IFI, which will be regularly
reported to IHP bureau and Council. Along with these international outputs, the regional outputs should
support and link with inter-regional outputs. Given the background of the IHP VIII period, the IFI
implementation plan is to be arranged and updated through the IFI website.

REFERENCES
IRDR (Integrated Research on Disaster Risk) (2015). Tokyo statement, the Tokyo Conference on International
Study for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience in Tokyo, Japan, on January 14-16, 2015, available at
http://monsoon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/AWCI/TokyoConf/en/ (checked on 3 September 2015).
United Nations (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Ageenda for Sustainable Development, the United
Nations General Assembly Seventieth session Agenda items 15 and 116, A/70/L.1.
UNESCO/WMO (2007). Concept paper on International Flood Initiative, earlier known as joint UNESCOWMO Flood Initiative (JUWFI), WMO-UNESCO Joint Task team in collaboration with UNU and IAHS
dedicated to the UN International Decade for Action, “Water for Life” (2005-2015).
UNISDR (2015). Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2010, adopted at the Third UN World
Conference in Sendai, Japan, on March 18, 2015, available at http://www.wcdrr.org/preparatory/post2015(checked on 3 September 2015).
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