Closing toilet seat lids may not stop spread of germs
多くの人が信じている / トイレのシートの蓋を閉めることは / 危険なMany people believe / that putting the toilet-seat lid down / helps toｈ

prevent the spread of dangerous germs and viruses.// A recent study pretty much

菌やウィルスが広がることを防ぐのに役立つと//最近の研究がこの仮定を大きく

dispels this supposition.// A team of microbiologists from the University of Arizona /打ち消している//conducted research on the aerial activity of viral particles / after a toilet is flushed.//

での動きの研究を行った / トイレを流した後の//The scientists determined / that there is little difference in the spread of germs,/

科学者たちは判断した / 菌の広がりに少しの違いしか無いということを / 蓋が閉

regardless of whether the lid is up or down.// Microbiologist Dr. Charles Gerba has

まっているか開いているかどうかには関係なく//

been studying lavatory pathogens / for nearly five decades.// He said: "All that air

バ博士はトイレの病原菌について研究してきた / ほぼ 50 年間//

when you flush goes somewhere,/ and it carries the viruses / that are in the toilet bowlを流した時の空気はどこかへ行く / そしてそれは便器の中にあったウィルスを外out of it."// He said / a flush forces bacteria out from under the lid / and contaminatesへ運ぶ」と言った//

nearby areas.//

し出し / その近くの場所を汚染すると//

アリゾナ大学の微生物学者のチームが / ウィルス粒子の空中

微生物学者のチャールズ・ガー
彼は「トイレ

彼は言った / トイレを流すことは細菌を蓋の下から外へ押The researchers tested the spread of a test virus / in two bathrooms after a

研究者たちはテスト用のウィルスの広がりを調べた / 流した後の 2 つのflush.// The virus was one not able to infect humans.// They flushed one bowl with

トイレで// そのウィルスは人には感染しないタイプだ// 研究者たちは、一方は蓋

the lid up,/ and another with the lid down.// After a minute, they used a sponge toを開けて流し / もう 1 方は閉じて流した//swab the surfaces in the toilet.// They concluded that there were no significant

イレの表面を拭き取った//

statistical differences / in the quantities of the virus in the two bathrooms.// They

2 つのトイレの中のウィルスの量において//added / that the results demonstrate / that closing the toilet lid prior to flushing does

彼らはつけ加えた / 「その結果が立証している / 流す前に蓋を閉めることでは軽not mitigate / the risk of contaminating bathroom surfaces,/ and that disinfection of

減しない / トイレの表面を汚染するリスクを / そしてトイレの表面をすべて消毒all restroom surfaces/ may be necessary after flushing or after toilet-brush use/ to cut

することは / 流した後や、トイレブラシを使用した後に必要かもしれない / ばいthe spread of germs.// They also said / it was important to disinfect the water in the

菌の拡散を防ぐために//

bowl.//

要だと//《Vocabulary and Phrases》
prevent
spreaddispelsupposition
microbiologist
aerialparticleregardless (of)lavatory

防ぐ
広がり一掃する
仮定、想定
細菌学者
空中の粒子
～に関わらず化粧室、トイレ

pathogencontaminate
swab
concludestatisticaldemonstrateprior
mitigate
disinfection

病原体
汚染する
拭き取る
結論を出す
統計上の立証する
前の軽減する
消毒

1 分後、彼らはスポンジを使ってト彼らは大きな統計上の違いはないと結論を出した /彼らはまた言った / 便器の中の水を消毒することも重*TIPS* 生物の歴史「この世には肉眼には見えない生物らしきものがいる」としたのが、オランダの科学者レーウェンフックです。これがなんと 17 世紀後半のこと。
また、『虫などの小さな生物は空気から生まれる』と考えられていました。フランスの科学者パスツールによって、この考え方がくつがえされたのが、なんと 1862 年のこと。現在では当たり前のことですが、わずか200 年たらずで、衛生・医療は大きく発展したのです。
※無断複製禁止 All rights reserved.

Many people ___________ that putting the toilet-seat lid down helps to preventthe spread of ______________________ and viruses. A recent study pretty much___________ this supposition. A team of microbiologists from the ___________________

Question 1: Does the toilet-seat prevent germ spread whenflushing?

conducted research on the aerial activity of viral particles after a ___________ is flushed.
The scientists ___________ that there is little difference in the spread of germs,
regardless of whether the lid is _______________. Microbiologist Dr Charles Gerba has
been studying _________ pathogens for nearly five decades. He said: "___________
when you flush goes somewhere, and it carries ___________ that are in the toilet bowl

Question 2: How did the researchers test the hypothesis?

out of it." He said a flush forces bacteria out from under the lid and ___________ nearby
areas.
The ___________ tested the spread of a test virus in two bathrooms after a flush.
The virus was one not able to ______________________. They flushed one bowl with thelid up, and another with the ___________. After a minute, they used a ___________ toswab the surfaces in the toilet. They concluded that there were _____ significant statisticaldifferences in the ___________ of the virus in the two bathrooms. They added that theresults "demonstrate that closing the toilet lid prior to flushing does not mitigate the risk of__________________ bathroom surfaces, and that _____________of all restroom surfaces
may be necessary after flushing or after toilet-brush use" to cut the spread of germs. They
also said it was important to disinfect the water in the bowl.

Summarize:

Question 3: What is recommended to prevent
contamination by toilet?

Q&A Sample Answers

Sample Summary:

Q1: No.

Many people believe that closing the toilet-seat lid when flushingprevents the spread of germs. It doesn’t. The air comes out of the toilet bowl,
lid or no lid, contaminating everything. This was tested with two toilets. It isrecommended to disinfect the entire toilet room to avoid contamination.

Q2: By flushing two toilets, one closed, one open; then swabbing the rooms.
Q3: Disinfect all washroom surfaces, and the water in the toilet. (Disinfecteverything)