J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.
OP@|}~
No. 3-, p. +- ,* ,**- 
 !"#$%&'*ῌ*Changes of Heat Balance Components, Soil Temperature and Soil Water
Suctions at the Upland Field in Nakastsunai village, Hokkaido
Mainly about the Observed Results
Teruo ISHIWATA* and Nobuya KOBAYASHI** Civil Engineering Research Institute of Hokkaido, Independent Administrative Institution,
Hiragishi +ῌ-, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo *0,ῌ20*,
Abstract
At the upland ﬁeld in Nakasatsunai village, Hokkaido, heat balance components, soil temperature, and soil water suctions were measured during cultivating periods over ten years.

Thefollowing results were gained :+)From the results of the monthly average of heat balance components and soil watersuctions, soil moisture for the growth of upland crops decreased or became deﬁcient in late Mayand June, and there was a surplus from August.
,)

The amounts of evapo-transpiration of the monthly average were -.+ in late May, -.0 inJune, -.* in July, ,.1 in August, +.3 mmd + in September and early October.
-)In early June and early July, the ratio of soil heat ﬂux during the daytime to net radiation

with wet soil condition on a sunny day was more than that with dry soil. In early June, the ratioof latent heat ﬂux during the daytime with wet soil on a sunny day was about /*῍ and somewhat
less than that with dry soil. In early July, the ratio with wet soil on a sunny day was about 2*῍and more than that with dry soil.
.)

In early July, though the range of soil temperature at +cm depth with dry soil on a sunnyday was more than that with wet soil, the range at / cm depth with dry soil was less than that withwet soil.
/)

Numerical analysis of the changes of soil temperatures with wet and dry soil conditions

should be carried out to clarify which is better for the raising of the plow layer temperature in
early cultivating periods.
Key words : heat balance components, soil temperature, soil water suction, evapo-transpiration+     !
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- H  G  / _`i +* a`^gc
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- h|p tK !"#$ [Kh\ i-ῌ+Fig. +ῌ,DEF ;Rn, G, lE, H< : ;ET< GH#: ;R<jkl5  ;+32-῎+33,<

Fig. ,Monthly averages of heat balancecomponents (Rn, G, lE, H), evapotranspiration (ET) and rainfall (R)(+32-ῌ+33,).

DEF ;Rn, G, lE, H< /GH!"#$%&)*8 ;

$<Measurement date of heat balance components (Rn, G lE, H), soil temperatures, and soil
water suction (white portion).

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-0+0, 1234+32- 5 6 +33+ 5%&78 9 -+., kPa:pF ;& ,./< =>?@ABCῌ-D :+/ cm

; / cm ; EFGHI< /J.

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; +1ῌ J. ./ cm ; *ῌ & KLMNOP&+QRSTU& VW#/ 0&J. /

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Fig. -

Percentages of days on which the soil
water suction was below --+., kPa.

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 /DmnJ. + cm & +/r /* cm & +*r&Z sJY&mn /"# 2"l$t +16,*r uv& +w JYUxymnz" `a /J. + cm

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Fig. .

Monthly averages of soil temperaturesat depths of +, /, ,* and /* cm.

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Fig. /¡¢£/¤!^¥17

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Changes in heat balance components and soil temperatures on late May sunny days.

 +33*  1  ,ML; +,ῌ "

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%&" /.2

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!K -0p dxyg^K VXvKdE+ FGHIJ AB " Rn  13ῌ K lE uvhi -{"xy > LMN@ H OMLPQ" 3ῌ RJ ST ? +332" Rn  /,ῌ I lE MLN@U .,ῌ K H Mq{./J x

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18

ῌ0Fig. 00 @W';NQR56N

--

Changes in heat balance components and soil temperatures with wet and dry
soil on early June sunny days.

and Campbell, +33. ; Sharratt and Flerchinger, +33/ ;2iFm%Mno?IK%& G^K Sharratt, +330  

pqiK iF5 P

  !"#$%&-- M? rstKI uv'()* + + cm  /* cm , -.'().* -/01 23ῌ2 456& 789:;<=>?%& + + cm  /* cm@()* 

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yz{|}~/ ]PHO,/  .ABCD E/ @F'G 0 @ GHIJ#E+ ,/ cm QR

WXYZ

?% EP. J. Wierenga et al., +31* M[\?%&2 +* 6q55 2 @G +* @GHIIK%[\?6& L6 1 @W'
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ῌῌ1Fig. 11 



Changes in heat balance components and soil temperatures with wet and dry
soil on early July sunny days.

ῌῌ2Fig. 2 !"(( : +ῌ)*+,#$ + cm/* cm %&'Relation between the ten day average of soil heat ﬂux and the ten day
average of soil temperature di#erence between + cm and /* cm depth.

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῏῎Sharratt, B.S. (+330) : Soil temperature, water content,and barley development of level vs. ridged subarctic seedbeds. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 0* : ,/2῍,0-.

78!9:. ;<=>?@=ABCDE

Sharratt, B.S. and Flerchinger, G.N. (+33/) : Straw

FGHIJKLMNOPQ RSTFGJKUVWX

color for altering soil temperature and heat ﬂux

YZ[PQ\]!^_`aCbcDERSTFdefghijklm noin the subarctic. Agron. J., 21 : 2+.῍2+3.
Sharratt, B.S. and Campbell, G.S. (+33.) : Radiationῌ ῑ ῐ ῍balance of a soil-straw surface modiﬁed by straw
color. Agron. J., 20 : ,**῍,*-.

Ishiwata, T. and Kobayashi, N. (+33/) : The water andSharratt, B.S., Schwarzer, M. J., Campbell, G.S. andheat balance of farmland in Nakasatsunai, inPapendick, R.I. (+33,) : Radiation balance of a

“Soil moisture control in arid and semi-aridridge-tillage with modeling strategies for slope

region for agroforestry (Anase, N. and Yasutomi,and aspect in the subarctic. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,R. eds) pp. ,*/῍,+,, Tokyo University of Agricul-/0 : +-13῍+-2..

¤¥¦§¨ x+32,y : F ῌ© ª« ª«ture Press, Tokyo.

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¬ p. -/ ­®¯° }±
x²y ª«³´RSTe x+33,y : RSTª«+33+ µ¶ p. -2 ·
Wierenga, P. J., Hagen, R.M. and Nielsen, D.R. (+31*) :Radka, J.K. (+32,) : Managing early season soil tem-Soil temperature proﬁles during inﬁltration andperature in the northern corn belt using con-redistribution of cool and warm irrigation water.

ﬁgured soil surfaces and mulches. Soil Sci. Soc.

Water Resource Research, 0, ,-*῍,-2.

Am. J., .0 : +*01῍+*1+.

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