KEKBKEKB facilities
facilities andand operation
operationM.
’03)
M. Yoshioka
Yoshioka (KEKB(KEKB Review@Feb.11,Review@Feb.11,’03)••Electricity
Electricity••Cooling
Cooling waterwater••Air
Air conditioning
conditioning••Building
Building andand tunneltunnel••Operation
Operation••Upgrade
Upgrade toto Super
Super BBElectricity (1)TRISTAN facility is converted to KEKBElectricElectricpower
powerconsumption
consumption(requirement)(requirement)
RF
21.2
RF(1.3+0.85(1.3+0.85A)
A)
21.2MW
MW (45.8%)(45.8%))
RF16.2RF(no(nobeam)
beam)
16.2MW
MW(Including(IncludingPPrefref )HER,(19.9%)
HER,LER,LER,BT
BTmagnetmagnet 9.2
9.2MW
MW(19.9%)
Utility8.8(19.0%)
Utility
8.8MW
MW(19.0%)
Injector
InjectorLinac
LinacHelium
Heliumrefrigerator
refrigerator

4.0
4.0MW
MW
3.1
3.1MW
MW

(8.6%)(8.6%)(6.7%)(6.7%)

Total
Total(with(withbeam)
beam)
Total
Total electricity/year
electricity/year

46.3
46.3MW
MW (100%)(100%)~260~260GWH/year
GWH/yearElectricity (2)• Capacity of the KEK substation– 150 MW + 25 MW (154 kV)ŤBig enough• Contract with Tokyo Electric Power CompanyPeak power
82.74 MW– ~0.12% of TEPCO Max. capacity• Discount

Summer season• KEK total electricity, including Proton Synchrotron,
Photon Factory and others 462 GWh/year• Total rate

46.6 Oku-yen(38.9MŌ)• Average unit cost

8.4 ¢/kWh• Margine of TEPCO electricity in March ‘03 becomes zero,due to the inspection for nuclear power plantsElectricity (3)• Industrial Electricity General Price for Various
Countries in 1997 (one example among many statistics)• Japan100%(KEK price; 8.4 ¢/kWh)• US~30%(SLAC; ?)• UK~45%• Germany~49%(DESY; ?)• France~35%(CERN; ?)• Substantial competition between electric powercompanies is needed to realize “A reasonable price”• Free electricity market will be extended in 2005

KEK substation• Two main transformers 154 kV/66 kV• 150 MW + 25 MW

ElectricityElectricity (4)(4) Trouble
Trouble• Accidents near to KEK Ť Blackout for 3~4 sec• A few times/year
Wet snow in early spring
Lightning in summer or fall
Storm (Typhoon)– Helium refrigerator stop : ~1 shift to recover• Accidents far from KEK Ť ~10% Voltage drop
• ~10 times/year– Almost no damage• So far, no trouble in substation itself at KEK!

Cooling Water System
TRISTAN facility is converted to KEKB
• Total power consumption

46.3 MW• Dry cooling tower

36 MW (77.8%)• Wet cooling tower

8 MW (17.2%)• Air conditioning, cooling fun

2.3 MW (5%)• System problems in dry cooling tower– Dry bulb temperature» Poor Cooling in Summer

25 Ŋ (Design)– Inconsistent between designed and real heat load incooling tower for klystron-body and RF dummy loads(tower >> real heat load)» Over cooling or freezing in winter(three times so far)Dry Cooling tower• Broken tower on the earlymorning of the Jan.15, 2003
• Heat load only 0.3 MW• Capacity of cooling tower
5 MW• Temp.

-7.8 Ŋ

• Tower-head is frozen andburst up, but repaired
quickly (~1 shift lost)Air Conditioning
TRISTAN facility is converted to KEKB
• 3km-long tunnel is devided into 16 air conditioning-zones• Main heat source; power cables, air cooled corrector
magnets and solenoid coils• Other heat source; water-cooled main magnets and vacuum
chambers• Total;~1.5 MW• Supply and return air ducts are used in the tunnel• Temperature is set to 24Ŋ at all seasons– In winter, tunnel must be heated up when machine isturned off, to keep the temperature stable

Air conditioning (2)Temperature in the tunnel•

below: Temp. distribution
in the tunnel (17 hours)•

right: Temp. vs time•

Feb. 6, 18:00~Feb. 7, 11:00(17 hours)•Tsukuba

OhoFujiNikko

Air conditioning(3)Supply and return air duct in the tunnel

Air conditioning (4)Building and Tunnel• Geology:

Thick diluvial layers (>600 m)– Consisting of many layers of clayey or sandy soil andconglomerate clay
– Rich underground water (pumping up 500~1000 ton/day for
Proton Synchrotron cooling)• Arc section (floor = GL - 12m, on sandy soil layer)– direct foundation• Experimental hall (floor = GL - 16 m, on clayey soil
layer which is not strong enough)– 25 m-long pile foundation to sandy soil layer• Tunnel is divided into 60 blocks (~50 m-long each) andconnected with “expansion joints” each other– Flexible joint (elastic)Geology ofKEK site
• Lm: clayey soil
• Ts: sandy soil
• Tc: clayey soil
• Ds: sandy soil
• Dc: clayey soil
• Dg:
conglomerate clayBuilding and Tunnel (2)• West and south arcs are sinking steadily by
1~2mm/year (maybe) due to pumping up ofunderground water• Orbit length is affected by tunnel temperature,earth tide, atmospheric pressure, (probably)
sunshine, and etc.
• Geology and tunnel are not so bad for BFactory but feedback systems are neededOperation of accelerator & facility• Two different organizations– Accelerator Laboratory (98 staff for KEKB+Linac)– Plant & Facilities Department• KEK staff frequently transfer position(~3 years)• Few staff number (only 17 for machine and electricity)• Two different companies (out-sourcing)– Accelerator: Mitsubishi Electric System and ServiceCorp.
• 24 (KEKB+ Linac), 15 (Photon Factory)– Plant and Facilities; Takahashi Kogyo Corp. (50)
• 32 (Machine), 18 (Electricity)• Issues to be solved;– How to integrate know-how, experiences, ➣➣➣➣➣– How to secure close contact between two organizations

Control room for;Accelerator (left),
Machine and Electricity (right)

Upgrade to Super B
Key Issues from facility view point• Increase beam current and RF power– New houses for RF sources• Number of klystrons

24(B) /56 (S-B)• SR + HOM power

8 (B)/34 (S-B) MW– Upgrade cooling water system for RF and vacuum chambers– Rearrangement of cooling towers– Minor change of substations• Total wall-plag power 73 MW < TRISTAN• Upgrade Injector Linac– Isolate from Photon Factory (very important)– New building for damping ring and etc.
– Upgrade cooling water systems• Study for effects about environment and/or geologicalstability (maybe) needed