KEKB Review 2009
Upgrade of RF Power Source & Cooling System
KEK; M. Ono
2009-02-10

Super KEKB RF parameters; Base Line DesignRing

LER

HERunitBeam energy

3.5

8.0GeV

Beam current

9.4

4.1

A

Energy loss /turn

0.84

3.42

MV

Radiation loss

7.91

14.02

MW

Total loss factor, assumed

40 ± 545 ± 10

V/pC

Parasitic loss

7.09 ± 0.89

1.52 ± 0.34

MW

Total beam power

15.0 ± 0.9

15.5 ± 0.3

MWCavity type

ARES (modified)

ARES

SCC

22~24

18~168Voltage /cavity

0.50.5

1.3

MVBeam power /cavity

650

720

460

kW

Wall loss /cavity

233

150-

kWDetuning frequency

443175kHz

Klystron power

940

930

490

kWTotal RF voltage~11~18MV

Total AC plug power

3533

MW

Number of cavities (= klystrons)

KEKB Upgrade 検討会-RF (K. Akai; 07-12-21)

Number of RF units(=Klystron #)For Acceleration
Cavity�Oho�Fuji�Nikko�

KEKB�
LER�

HER�

D4�

3�

D5�

4�

LER�

HER�
12�

8/12 �

D7�

5�

8�

D8�

5�

8�

4/0�

D10�

4�4�

D11�4�

4�

Total�For Crab Cavity�

Nikko�

SuperKEKB�25�LER�

48�
HER�

LER�

D10�
D11�

Total�KEKB Upgrade 検討会-RF (K. Akai; 07-12-21)

Share is notdecidedHER�
(1)�

1�

1�
2�

1�

1�

If HER Crabadded2(+1)�

50(+1) Klystrons will be used�Nikko:SCC(HER:4+4)& Crab(HER:1(+1) / LER:1)

High Power RF SourceDistribution

RF : D11
RF : D10

RF : D4
RF : D8

Fuji:
RF : D7
ARES(LER:8+8)

RF : D5

Oho:
ARES(HER:12+4(0)/ LER:0+8(12))

High Power RF-unit
Klystron : CW1.2 MW, 509MHz , Modulating Anode
Typical Ope. Condition for 1MW Output : >90kV, 17A
Wave Guide System : WG(WR1500), Circulator, Dummy Load
Water Cooling: Cooling of WG System and Klystron Body

Vapor Cooling: Cooling of Klystron Collector
Klystron Power Supply (KPS): A-Type (for 2 Klystrons);
Cathode(90kV, 40A), [ Anode(+80kV, 10mA)/Heater(30V,28A) PS] x 2, Crowbar

Cavity: ARES, SCC, Crab

Every Components are quite Stably and Reliably operated.
But, almost every things are Old enough!

RF units: for ARES cavity(Fuji/Oho)Kly�
KPS; �A-type�Cir�WG�

ARES�KPS; �B-type�

KEKB: �Kly Out ˜ 600kW for two ARES

KPS; �A-type�

Super KEKB:�

Kly Out > 900kW for one ARES

Not only increase # of Cavities, but also increase the Out put
power of Klystron. �Comment on KPS; A-type is for two- & B-type is for one klystron.

RF units: for SCC/Crab cavity(Nikko)
Kly�

Cir�

WG�

Crab�

SCC�
KPS; �B-type�KPS; �A-type�

KEKB: �Kly Out ˜ 300kW for one SCC
Crab�

SCC�
KPS; �A-type�KPS; �B-type�
Crab�

Super KEKB:�

Kly Out ˜ 490kW for one SCCKPS; �B-type�

If one more Crab will be added, need onemore RF unit.�

Layout of RF-unit is not changed, but increase the Out put powerof Klystron.

Present D7 Klystron Gallery;�
5-klystrons for LER�
7m�

10m�

D7 Klystron Gallery;�
8-klystrons for LER�Need Area Extension;�
For RF-control & KPS �

Reserved for
Kicker/Septum �Present D8 Klystron Gallery;�
5-klystrons for LER�

D8 Klystron Gallery;�
8-klystrons for LER�Need Area Extension;�
For KPS �

Reserved forKicker/Septum &Beam Monitor �Present D4 Klystron Gallery;�
3-klystrons for HER�Reserved for Beam Monitor �

Need Area Extension;�
For Pump , RF control & KPS �

D4 Klystron Gallery;�
12-klystrons for H ER�

Present D5 Klystron Gallery;�
4-klystrons for HER�Need Area Extension;�
For KPS �(need ground breaking for this area)�

D5 Klystron Gallery;�
12 (8)-klystrons for HER�& 0(4)-klystrons for LER�To Change RF-unit Layout
Squeeze Space between the RF-unit; �1) Replace B-type KPS to A-type.�
2) Rearrange Klystron Socket position & �Vapor Suction Pipe position, & relevant cabling/piping.�

Present Layout;�
(D5-A & B) �

SuperKEKB Layout�Conceptionof Vapor Cooling

Vapor

Air Fin CoolerVapor Suction Pipe
Condensed
Water

Buffer Tank
KlystronCollector

from Air Fin
To Reservoir
Tank

100℃
Water

Buffer Tank

Reservoir
Tank(Bottom Common Pipe)Vapor Cooling; Modification
KEKB; One Vapor Cooling System(one Air-Fin-Cooler) / Gallery�----> SuperKEKB; Two Vapor Cooling Systems / Gallery�: Add 2nd Air-Fin-Cooler/ Vapor Suction Pipe�

Comment on Operation;�
The Idea is simple, but actual Operation is complicated forParallel Vapor Cooling, because each Pressure are changed. �---> Good Vapor Conductance may be Key Issue.�
---> Add one more system, even Cooling Power ˜5-6MW/Air-�
Fin(in design).�
Air-Fin�

Klystron�

KEKB: D7/D8�

Air-Fin�

Klystron�SuperKEKB: D4/D5�

Two Klystrons Stand side by side;(D7-A & B units).
In SuperKEKB, all stations will bethe similar Layout.

KPS: DC -90kV, 20A x 2
Suppression of the Corona Sparking,lead to Stable Operation.
Eliminate almost all fake Crowbar Work.

Ceiling height~10mTo Air-Fin-CoolerVapor Suction Pipe;height~8m

Relevant Pipes/not shown otherPipes at floor level
Ceiling height~5mKlystronHigh Vol. cables

D4 Klystron Gallery�

Present only 3 klystrons�---> 12 klystrons at SuperKEKB�Vapor/Water
Separator

Connection Port;
Prepare at 1st phase

Strategy To Increase RF-unit;
1st phase: At the initial long shut down(˜3years?);�
0) Build the area/space for KPS & for RF-control.�1) Available RF-unit(include KPS) will be rearranged.�
2) Prepare Vapor Suction Connection Ports & relevant
Cabling/Piping.�
3) Add Vapor Suction Pipe for 2nd Air-Fin-Cooler.�

2nd-Nth phase: At the short shut down(˜half years?);�
1) Add RF-units; Cavity/ Klystron/ Wave Guide/ Cooling
2) Add 2nd Air-Fin-Cooler ; if Kly# >5/Gallery.�
3) N˜3-5??; finish upgrade RF-source after N-years
SuperKEKB Commissioning.�
�Infrastructure; Electricity
PowerStationStation
total
(MW)�

Magnet(MW)�

Herefrig.
(MW)�

RF
(MW)�

Utility(MW)�

Tsukuba�
(D1,D2) �4.6 �

1.4�

0.4�

0�

2.8�

8�

1.5�

0.5�

2�

4�

Oho�

8.8�

2.2�

4.9�

1.7�

(D4,D5) �

41.2�

2.2�

36�

3�

Fuji�

16.1�

1.1�

11.2�

2.3�

1.5�

(D7,D8) �29.6�

1.1�

24�

3�

1.5�

Nikko�

14.8�

3.8�

2.5�

6.2�

2.3�

(D10,D11) �

16�

3.8�

2.5�

6.7�

3�

Present KEKB
071121 (MW) �

Super KEKB�

B-Factory�

44.3�

94.8�

KEK-total�

63.6�

˜120�

(MW)�

BT
(MW)�
KEKB�
Super
KEKB�

Need Power Up of the PowerStation (add Bank).�

Infrastructure; Cooling Water
ARESCavity�

ARESHome�

Kly-Body,KPS, W.G.�

Magnet�

TOTAL�Unit�

VacuumChamber�Disp. Power;
SuperKEKB�

MW�

33.6�

12�

3�

7.5�

5.4�

61.5�

CoolingWater;
SuperKEKB�

L/min�

31200�

31150�

4000�

11200�

15650�

93200�

CoolingWater;
Present KEKB�

L/min�

21900�
7200�

10000�

11200�

21900�
15650�

21900�

.�
Comments;�
1) Cooling except Vapor-Cooling are listed.�
2) Total Water-Flow of Facilities are listed.�
3) Brown indicate Not Pure-water(˜Tap Water quality).�
4) Need(add) New Cooling Facility(include piping/AFC) for Vac/
ARES ; 4 new facility buildings are needed.�
5) Same(Present) ΔT are assumed for Flow-Rate estimation.�

44050�
21900�

4 New Facility Building;�
at Arc sections.�
１）Vacuum Chamber�Upgrade Present Facility;
２）ARES Cavity
３）ARES-HOM
４）Klystron/WG
Present Facility;
５） Magnet／Mag.PS

Power Balance; Check the Estimations
Injecting Electric Power ; ˜95MW�
94.8MW = 68.7(RF) + 8.6(Mag) + 3(He-refrg) + 1.5(BT)+ 13(Utility) �Dissipating Heat Power ; �61.5(Water; Vac & ARES) + ˜24(Vapor; Kly) = ˜86MW�
Others(Utility); �Water Cooling Facility(Plate-Heat-Exchanger, Pump, AirFin-Cooler), Air-Conditioner,---> ˜10MW�
95MW <---> ˜96MW : Consistent !?�

Klystron Worked Time: (M.Yoshida; 08/12/25)
120000.0

Socket In Tube: KEKB(27) & PF-AR(2) & Standby(9); Stats at ‘08

100000.0

Longest Life > 10 5 hours !!�

Hour

80000.0
Valvo/ Philips
Toshiba

60000.0: 6 tubes: 32 tubes

Worked Time : Hour

80000

Running Tube: KEKB(26) & PF-AR(2)70000

40000.0; Statsat ‘04

60000

ToshibaBought ‘86-Dec.

50000: 24 tubes

One tube was Socket-Out at
72700 hours (050412) ; �
2nd Long Life at ʻ04 stats�
7 Alive10 1316 19 22 25 28 31 34 37
Still!!�

20000.0
0.0

40000
30000
20000

4Valvo/Philips

1000001: 4 tubes
1Bought ‘03-July.

2

Conclusion
Based on the Present Design, Upgrading of the RFSource & Relevant Infrastructure may be Feasible.�
But, Huge Electric Power is needed; 95MW(120MW inKEK). �So, seek the possibilities,�
1) Low intensity (low beta) machine design, �and also,�
2) Save/Recover Energy;
Generate Electricity by Vapor Heat Power;
˜10% ?? CPD-Klystron; Collector Potential
Depression ; completely unknown its feasibility.
etc. �

CPD-Gyratron �RF: 6.6kV AC Plug Power for Klystron
Kly. Gallery�

Klystron #�

AC Plug Power : 6.6kV�KEKB�

Super KEKB�For Acc. Cavity�

KEKB�

Super�
KEKB�

Fuji：D7�

5�

8�

2�

1�

4�

Fuji：D8�

5�

8�

2�

1�

4�

Oho：D4�

3�

12�

2�

1�

6�

Oho：D5�

4�

12�

2�

1�

6�

Nikko：D10�

4�

4�

2�

2�

Nikko：D11�

4�

4�

2�

2�

TOtal�

25�

48�

12 �300A�

150A�

300A�

4�

150A�

24�

For Crab Cavity�
Nikko：D10�
Nikko：D11�

（1）�
2�

2�

（1）�1�

If HER Crabadded�

1�

Replace 150A(for B-type KPS) to 300A(for Atype) & Add new 300A power line.�

LER: Klystron Power Supply
1stUpgradestatus

UpgradeKPS
namePresent
KPS type

D7-AB

A

A-old

90kV/20A x 2; IVR

D7-CD

A

A-old

90kV/20A x 2; IVR

Comment

New KPS/ Install to new Gallery

D7-EF

KPS method~95kV/20A x 2;
Switching

Exchange to A-type;If old <--> D4-ED/ new if possible

D7-GH

B

A-old/(new)

D8-AB

A

A-old

90kV/20A x 2; IVR

D8-CD

A

A-old

90kV/20A x 2; IVR
New KPS/ Install to new Gallery

D8-EF
D8-GH

B

A-old/(new)NthUpgradestatus

A-new:1(A-new:12)~95kV/20A x 2;
Switching

Exchange to A-type;If old <--> D1-AB/ new if possible

A-new:2(A-new:13)(below two KPS ; not decided for LER or HER)

D5-IJ

New KPS/ Install to new Gallery;(if used for LER)

~95kV/20A x 2;
Switching

A-new:3

D5-KL

New KPS/ Install to new Gallery;(if used for LER)

~95kV/20A x 2;
Switching

A-new:4

HER: Klystron Power Supply
UpgradeKPS
namePresentKPS type

1stUpgrade
status

D4-AB

A

A-old

D4-CD

B

B(/A-new)

D4-EF(A)Comment

KPS method

NthUpgrade
status90kV/20A x 2; IVR
Exchange to new A-type; if possible

A-new:5(Not used at 1st; move to D7-GH)(90kV/20A x 2; IVR)

A-new:6

D4-GH

New KPS/ Install to new Gallery~95kV/20A x 2; Swi

A-new:7

D4-IJ

New KPS/ Install to new Gallery~95kV/20A x 2; Swi

A-new:8

D4-KL

New KPS/ Install to new Gallery~95kV/20A x 2; Swi

A-new:9

D5-AB

A

A-old

D5-CD

B

B(/A-new)

D5-EFA

A-old

D5-GH

90kV/20A x 2; IVR
Exchange to new A-type; if possible

A-new:1090kV/20A x 2; IVR

New KPS/ Install to new Gallery~95kV/20A x 2; Swi

A-new:11(below two KPS ; not decided for LER or HER)

D5-IJ

New KPS/ Install to new Gallery;(if used for HER)

~95kV/20A x 2;
Switching

A-new:3

D5-KL

New KPS/ Install to new Gallery;(if used for HER)

~95kV/20A x 2;
Switching

A-new:4