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Mi eseaR＜Behaviors regarded as research misconduct＞※Fabrication

Making up data, research results, etc.

Falsiﬁcation

Manipulating research materials, equipment, orprocesses, or changing or omitting data or results
such that the research is not accurately
represented in the research record.

Plagiarism

The appropriation of another person's ideas,
analysis or analytical methods, data, results,
research papers, or words without consent of theresearcher or giving appropriate credit.

POINTPolicies of research misconduct apply to all research activities
starting with class assignments!

※ The “Guidelines for Responding to Misconduct in Research”
issued by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Scienceand Technology describes fabrication, falsiﬁcation,and plagiarism as main types of misconduct in research activities.

Encouraging responsible conduct in research. Why now?
Science is founded on trust. Scientists are entrusted with keeping abreast of each other’s research
activities by collecting data with careful and critical attention to detail, using appropriate analyticaland statistical methods, and reporting their results in an accurate manner. At the same time, thepublic believes that results from scientific research are gained through the trustworthy and truthfulobservations made by scientists. If this trust is weakened or lost, the very foundation of science will fallapart.
Thus, it is unfortunate that there have recently been a series of misconduct cases, such as datafabrication and falsification and misuse of public funds, some of which have been taken up in the media.
Unless measures are taken, the public’s faith in science will waver.
Against this backdrop, public response to misconduct in research has become increasingly criticaland harsh, and also from the perspective of the important role science plays in society, promoting
responsible conduct in research with greater earnestness and rigor has become imperative.

Keywords

Laboratory
Notebook

In general, experimental data is recorded in laboratory notebooks. These notebooks, inwhich data and ideas are managed in a proper format, are important tools for maintaining
laboratory records that could become primary evidence for research and managing
knowledge and information.
Keeping an appropriate laboratory notebook without fabricated content → a
signpost for proper conduct of research in reporting, writing, and presenting
research results!

Authorship

Authorship refers to indicating the identity of the person who has written the paper.
With authorship comes the responsibility and duty of the author to guarantee that theresearch presented has no errors and is not fabricated.

SourceWhen using the ideas and results of other researchers, the source must be clearly
indicated so that the readers can find information about the source. Using the ideas andresearch results of others without citing the source is plagiarism.

Other types of misconduct in research…
▶ False authorship
Gift authorship is credit offered by the real author out of a sense of goodwill to an individual who
has not contributed to the work as an author. In contrast, ghost authorship is the failure to identify as
an author, someone who has contributed to the writing of the paper.

▶ Duplicate publication (or self-plagiarism)
Duplicate publication is when an author reuses his or her own published work without providing
the appropriate references.

【Reference】
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
For the Sound Development of Science -The Attitude of a Conscientious Scientisthttps://www.jsps.go.jp/j-kousei/data/rinri_e.pdf【Contact Information】
Office of Research Development and Sponsored Projects:
koteki_staff@adst.keio.ac.jp