DIPLOMACY
Vol.40, Nov. 2016
Contents of Features

29Interview

Responsibility for “engagement” will be called into question for the new administration

Why did the American community change? What kind of negative impact did Obama’s reluctance to intervene
in Syria have on the world? The new President must begin by assuaging world’s anxiety.
John J Hamre (CEO, CSIS / former deputy secretary of defense)

34

Congressional elections and politics hereafter

38

The world responds to the Presidential election

GOP has won both the House and the Senate in the Congressional elections that was held along with thePresidential election. What will happen in the Congress, which is no longer divided?
Masahiko Adachi (Sumitomo Corporation Global Research)
From Moscow: Akiyoshi Komaki (Asahi Shimbun)
From Brussels: Kaori Nagao (NHK)TREND201698

Where is Duterte’s foreign policy headed to?: The return to “Equi-Balancing” between U.S. andChina
The Philippines looks as if it is strengthening its reliance on China and distancing itself from its alliance with
the U.S. However, President Duterte’s real intention is to deal with China in economic terms, while allying withJapan over security. Will this new “small-state strategy” succeed?
Renato De Castro (De La Salle University - Philippines)

105 North Korea’s nuclear weapons and missiles has become a real threat

North Korea’s nuclear and missile development has been steadily developed under its international isolation.
Attempts at denuclearization is no longer realistic. A breakthrough is possible with a bold discussion, which
expresses the “quid pro quo.”
Hisashi Hirai (Journalist)

110 The significance of expanding Energy Charter Treaty: From the perspective of Japan’s energy
security
A world-wide seismic shift is currently occurring over energy issues, such as oil and changes in supply anddemand. The Energy Charter Treaty, which guarantees stable production and investment cycle, not only
contributes to the stability of world economy, but is also expanding its role in contributing to world security.
Kanji Yamanouchi (MOFA)

117 Improve the situation over ivory by restarting international trade

International trade is banned so that animals in danger of extinction are protected. However, there has
recently been arguments pointing out that banning trade may in fact contribute to the extinction of species.
This article thinks about environmental protection by looking at the discussions held at the Conference of theParties, Washington Convention (CITES).
Nobuo Ishii (Tokyo Woman’s Christian University)

122

Japan’s UN diplomacy: Uphold principles that would lead the world

This year marks Japan’s 60th year since joining the United Nations. The UN has increased its scope ofactivities after the end of Cold War, but it is now in need of a new goal. Japan should uphold principles, which
would determine the direction of where the world would go from here in the future.
Masatsugu Naya (Sophia University)

Special Feature:

Technological innovation and security
6

Cover Story Interview Mamoru Mohri (Executive Director, Miraikan / former astronaut)48

Discussion: Can the government protect cyber space?
This discussion looks back at the history of how cyber space has been developing and gives an easy-tounderstand explanation on the following topics: The sophistication of technology and its vulnerabilities;
Problems over the attacking entities and attribution; How to respond to them; Difference between Japan andthe world; and What Japan has been doing in the cyber domain.
Motohiro Tsuchiya (Keio University)×Atsushi Saito (FOMA)60

New opportunities opened up by automation and unmanned-technology

67

Development competition over “dual-use technology” between U.S. and China

74

New security and technology control

80

U.S.’s Third Offset Strategy: Its historical context and challenges

Make science and technology as culture - Taking actions toward the world

Drone technology is gaining attention as a new tool in the security policy toolbox, but this requires theestablishment of new rules of war. This essay looks at what this direction might be by analyzing theguidelines written by the U.S. military.
Heigo Sato (Takushoku University)
Dual-use technology has potential in both civilian and security uses. This article considers the future of ourcountry’s defense technology development by looking at how China, which is rapidly increasing its
technology in the domain of space and deep seas, and the U.S., which is moving towards adopting dual-use
technology from exclusive development.
Atsushi Sunami (GRIPS)In this age of “hybrid battles” where conflict occurs on both physical and informational domains, it isimperative that technology that can be transferred for use in weapons be prevented from leaks. Now that the“battlefield” has expanded into cyber space, what kind of rules do we need to protect civilian and general-use
technology? How should our country’s technology control act in this global market?
Kazuto Suzuki (Hokkaido University)
We are now witnessing “the third wave” of U.S. offset strategy, which secures the innovation in militarytechnology, operational concept and logistics while maintaining superiority over rival countries. The author
analyzes the background of technological innovation and the impact of financial cutbacks, then looks atwhere the presence of Japan-U.S. alliance would go.
Kousuke Saito (Yokohama National University)
Special Feature:

Understanding Trump’s America

13

Irregular politician, Donald J. Trump

18

Discussion：Nobody even paid attention to “their anger”: The revolt of white working
class and the Trump administration

America watcher explains the background, staff, and campaign finance of the unknown Donald J. Trump.
Masaru Nishikawa (Tsuda College)

What was the “anger” of white working class that propelled Trump to his victory? Will the GOP be forced tochange after this? How will the Trump administration be managed? What kind of impact will this have on
Japan and its allies?
Fumiaki Kubo (University of Tokyo)×Toshihiro Nakayama (Keio University)