gs bNX
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X ü 1 ªqÇÕ@iDiracted X­ray Tracking: DXTjÍCFd X üÆim»W¯ÉæèÂÊ^pN¿ªq
Ìà^®ð~WAÌ¸xÅ»ÌêÏª·é±ÆÅC^pN¿ªqàÌ@\«âhç¬ð¾ç©É·éÌÉÉßÄ­ÍÈvªè@Å éB»ÝÜÅ DXT ªlÄ³êÄ©çÊuè¸xâÔªð\ÌüÇªsíêC^pN¿àÌ¸§È^®vªÆ»ÌåÊf[^ÌvðÍÖÆL°ÂÂDXTCLpxæ DXT Æ»ÌðÍè@ÉÂ¢Äáð°ÈªçÐî·éB

éB±±ÅÍV½ÉJ­µ½õUN

1. Í¶ßÉ
vªZpÌiàÉæè 1 ªqvª@ÌóÔªð\ÍCÂõÌuñÜÀEvð´¦C´ðÆÈéim[gÌTCYÜÅèÂÂé1_3)B{eÅÐî·é X ü 1 ª

qÇÕ@iDiracted X­ray Tracking: DXTjÆÊíÌ 1ªqªèÆá¤_ÍCv[uÉd X üil1 Å öxjðp¢Ä¢é_É¼ÈçÈ¢B»Ì½ß DXT ÍCÂõ
Ìg·öxÌóÔªð\©çêCÉIOXg[I[_[ÉB·é±ÆªÂ\ÉÈÁ½B±Ì DXT ÍC1998
NÉ²XØTçÉæèñÄ³ê4,5)CF X üÆim»W¯ðgÝí¹Cim»W¯©çÌñÜ_ðÇÕ·
é±ÆÅim»W¯µ½^pN¿Ìªqà^®ð~b©ç}CNbÌÔ¸xÅA^CÉÇÕ·é±Æªoéæ¤ÉÈÁ½B

Fig. 1(Color online) Schematic drawing of the principles ofDiracted X­ray Tracking (DXT). The marker is gold
nanocrystal anchored to the protein. The movement ofdiraction spot from Au 111 and 200 along the u and x direc­
tions follow the in situ motion of the individual protein in thesolution.

Fig. 1 É DXT Ìî{´ð¦·BÚIÌ^pN¿ðîÂÖ»wIÉÅèµC»ÌÅèµ½^pN¿Éàim³çÉ DXT Ìx»Éü¯Ä|CgÆÈé_ÍC1»ðW¯·éBFd X üi8_20 keVjðp¢àim^pN¿ªqÌ@\IÈªqà^®Ï»Ì»ÌêÏª»©çÌEGñÜ_ð 2 ³oíÉæèÔÇÕÆhç¬ÌvIÈðÍÅ

éB^pN¿ªqàÌh·éBÏª³êéñÜ_ 1 _ÌÀW©çàim» 1 Âç¬Æ^®ÍC^pN¿Ì@\«C\¢Ï»âC^pÌ®«ÅéX«itiltingjÌ u ûüÆñ]itwistingjÌ

N¿ÌtH[fBOßöÉñíÉÖWª[¢BäX

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êÎ 1 ªqÅ^pN¿ªqà½^pN¿Ì 1 ªqà^®ÌOÕðæè½­Ïªµª^®Ì in situ vª¾¯ÅÈ­ in vivo vªàÂ\ÆÈéBqà^®ðvðÍ·é½ßÌGlM[ÌL¢ XªÂ\Åm»ÌW¯ªÂ\Å

158  úËõ May 2014 Vol.27 No.3
(C) 2014 The Japanese Society for Synchrotron Radiation ResearchgsbNX ¡ X ü 1 ªqÇÕ@ðp¢½^pN¿ªqà®ÔÏªüv[uðp¢½Lpxæ DXT ðJ­µ½B{eÅÍ±Ì 2 ÂÌè@ÉÂ¢ÄðàµCpXõðgK[ÆµÄp¢½VyjªqÌñ]^®ÏªÆqg´Au~iHuman Serum Albumin: HSAjªqÆ 2_AgZJ{_i2_anthracenecarboxylic
acid: ACjªöÌ»µ½ HSA/AC öÌÉ¨¯é DXT É
æéªqàhç¬ªèðáÉÐî·éBÜ½C^pN¿ªq 1 ªqÌ®Ôîñð¢©ÉµÄ{Ìæ¤È 2 ³ÊãÉ\»·é©Æ¾¤î{IÈVµ¢íªáàÐî·éB{ DXT ¤ÌÅIÚWÍC´¬©Â´¸x 3 ³^pN¿ 1 ªqà^®ÌÔIªvªðÀ»·é±ÆÅéB^pN¿ªqð\¬·éÈãÌe´qÉ¨¯é 3 ³îñÌÔÏ
Êð·×Äc_·éBÂÜèC3 ³vXÔ²Æ¾¤
4 ³îñÅe´qi_jÌîñðc_ÎÛÉµÈ¯êÎÈçÈ¢±Æ©çCrbNf[^ðæèµ¤æ¤ÈbÉÈéÅë¤BäXÍ±ÌcåÈ 4 ³f[^ðCÉÀW\¦µ½^®qXgOÌ®æ\¦ÆµÄ\»Å«
é±ÆÉAµ½BÅãÉ»Ìáð¦·B

2. àim»ÌW¯ÆTvîÂÌì»2.1

àim»W¯^pN¿ÌW¯ÆµÄàim»ÌEGñÜ_ð¸xÇ­Ôªðªè·éÆ±ëª{vª@ÌvÉÈéBÌ
Éàim»ÌEGñÜ_ð S/N Æ S/B ªÇ¢óÔÅªèµC©Â^pN¿Ì^®ÉyÚ·e¿ðÅ¬ÀÉ·
é½ßÉàim»ðoé¾¯¬³¢àÌÅÈ­ÄÍÈ
çÈ¢BDXT ÉæéªèÅÍàim»Ìå«³Æ»« Ì § ä ª å « È | C  g Æ È é B » Ý Í å É NaCl(100)â KCl(100)ÌãÉGs^LV¬·³¹é±ÆFig. 2 (Color online) (a) Schematic views of the DXT sample
holder. The buer solution layer (about 50 mm thick) is heldby polyimide lms. Each protein is anchored to a gold
deposited lm through sulfur­gold bonds. (b) Side view ofsample holder. The X­ray is irradiated in a direction perpen­
dicular to protein anchored to the polyimide lm of thedownstream lm. (c) Photograph of the DXT sample hol­der. The window size is 7~7 mm2.

Åñ20_40 nm Ìå«³ÌÇ¿Èàim»ðì»·é±
ÆªÂ\ÉÈÁ½6)Bàim»W¯ÍCÚIÌ^pN

é^pN¿Ì¹ðð¯ÂÂC6~6 ñÌªèðsÁ½B¿ÉW¯·é½ßÉnßÉCI«»ÌîÂã©ç£

1 ñÌEGñÜ®æðªèÉ¨¯é X üIõÔÍñµC^pN¿ÌÁèÌÊÉ³¹éB1 ÂÌ»©

3.3 si1 t[½è36 ms ÌêjÅ

ç 1 ÂÌ{111}àµ­Í{200}ÌñÜ_ðÇÕ·éBéBntÅàim»ðW¯³¹é½ß^pN¿ÉÎ·éàim»Ìü«Í§äoÈ¢Bàim»©çÌñÜ_ÍCF X üÌGlM[ÅÌñÜðÉvµ½ü
«É éàim»¾¯ª DXT ÅÏª·é±ÆªoéB

3. pX[U[ðp¢½õUN X ü 1 ª
qÇÕ@ÌJ­iVyjÌñ]^®
ÏªðáÉjõ«â ATP ÈÇÁèÌgK[ÆÈéõMÜ½

2.2

TvîÂÌì»ÍªqªîÝµ½óÔÉ¨¯é^pN¿ªqÌªqàFig. 2(a)ÉT^IÈ DXT ÌTvz_[ð¦·Bàöµ½|C~hîÂÉÚIÌ^pN¿ðÅèµ½ãÉàim»ðW¯µC|C~htBÅWð·éBTvðü·én t Ì ú ³ Í 50 mm É · é

iFig. 2(bjjB±Ì DXT ªèz_[ÅªèÂ\ÈÌÍ^®ÌÏ»ÍCX ü\¢ðÍ©çª·é±ÆªÂ\ÅéªÀ±IÉÀØª¢ïÅéB»Ì½ßimb[U[pXÉæégK[ÆCDXT ðp¢é±ÆÅÔoßÆÆàÉÏ»·éntÌ^pN¿Ìhç¬C\¢Ï»â»Ì^®ûüÏ»ðc_·éKvªoÄ«½BªèiFig. 2(cjjC1 ñÌEGñÜ®æqà^®Ï»ðvª·é½ßÌ DXT Æ[U[ðgÝªèÅVµ¢TvÊÖÆÚ®µÈªç X üÆËÉæ

í¹½vªZpJ­ÍCGlM[Á¬í¤@\

ÍÍ 7~7 mm2 ÅúËõ May 2014 Vol.27 No.3  159

Fig. 3

(Color online) Schematic diagram of the laser­pumped DXT at beamline NW14A, PF­AR.

iKEKjÌ Photon Factory Advanced Ring (PF_AR) ÌÔªð X üªèr[C NW14A Ås¢7) CpX[U[ðgÝñ¾õUN X ü 1 ªqÇÕ@iLaser­pump Diracted X­ray Tracking: Laser­pump DXTjÌJ
­ðµ½BNW14A Í±êÜÅsRbÔªðÌ|vÉv[u X üªèðåÆµ½ªè@J­ÆõUN\¢É
Xs_Ci~NXÌ¤Å¬Êðã°Ä«½8_10)B»Ì
[U[v ªÆÊqr [ÌZ vªZpð pµC
DXT ÆgÝí¹½ Laser­pump DXTjÌJ­ðsÁ½B±êÜÅÊíÌ DXT ÅÍCW¯µ½im»ÌñÜ_Ì®«ðBe·é½ß 1 t[½è36 ms Å90Be

Fig. 4

Timing chart of the synchronization system of laser­pumpand DXT measurement.

ðµÄ«½B»ÝÅÍCCMOS ^Ì¬ CCD Jðp¢é±ÆÅ¯¶EGñÜð100 ms/frame ÅBeoéæ¤ÉÈÁÄ«Ä¢éB±±ÅÍ36 ms/frame ÅÌ[±Ì Laser­pump DXT Éæévª@ÌJ­ÉæèCÀè

U[Æ DXT ðgÝí¹½ Laser­pump DXT ÉÂ¢ÄIÉ^pN¿ªqÌ[U[ÆËOÌªqà^®ÆÆ

à¾·éB

ËãÌªqà^®Ï»ð¼ÚÏªµär·é±ÆªÂ\Fig. 3 É Laser­pump DXT uð¦·Bimb[U[pXÍ X üÌõ²ÉÎµÄñ20xöxÌpxÅÆËµC
X üÌWõTCYÍ400 mm(H)~80 mm(VjCÜ½ X üÆ

ÉÈÁ½BVyjÍÏ«^pN¿Æ¼ÚÝìpµCÜê½½Ýð£i³¹é^pN¿ÅéBVyjÍ¡ËÌæðJo[·éæ¤Éñ 1 mmq Å[U[pXðÌTujbg©ç\¬³ê½O\¢ðC2 ÂwW õ µ ½ B õ g  K [ Í C i m b Nd F YAG  [ U [í¹ÉdË½~ó\¢ðæéBATP Ë¶IÈO

i Powerlite 8000, Continuum Ð» j Ìæ 3  · g Å\¢ÌJóÔ©çÂóÔÖÌ\¢Ï»ðÊµÄ@\·é±é355 nmCpX 8 nsC10 Hz ­UÌ[U[ðp¢ÆªmçêÄ¢éªC»Ì½@\Í¾ç©ÅÈ¢Bim½BFig. 4 ÉimbpX[U[Æ DXT Ì^C~O

b p  X  [ U [ Æ Ê q r [  ðg Ý  í ¹ ½ Laser­éFd X üÍCs[Npump DXT Æ C  O ü Æ Ë É æ è ATP ð V £ · éGlM[Í18 keVCGlM[Í DE/E15÷Ì

Caged­ATP ðp¢ÄCII ^VyjªqÌ ATP æ

F X üðp¢½BDXT É¨¯é~b©çTu~bÜèÝÌ\¢Ï»ÉÂ¢Ä¼ÚÏªðsÁ½BFig. 5(a)`[gð¦·Bv[uÅÅÌ ªè ÍCX üp X ÆÌ ¯úÍ ¹¸ Ép X [

É x ûüÌ^®ÌÔÏ»ð¦·BATP ¶ÝºÅÍ x ûU[Ì10 Hz Mð}X^[NbNÆµÄim»Ìü Ì ^ ® ª CW Æ CCW ¼ û ¶ Ý µ Ä ¢ ½ ª C Caged­EGñÜ®æðBeµ½BpX[U[Éüêé¯úM

ATP ðp¢½êCOüpXÆËãñ 2 bÅ CCW

é10 Hz MÆQ[gMÉ¯úµ½[U[VûüÉË¶êé±Æð¦·iFig. 5(bjjB±êçÌÊÍCb ^ [ Æ C CCD Ì O  g  K [ ð x  p  X ­ ¶ íVyjOªCJóÔ©çÂóÔÖÚs·éÛiDG535, Oxford ÐjÉæè§ä·é±ÆÅCÓÌt[

ÉC­È­Æà 2 ÂÌ^®iim»Ì u ¨æÑ x ûü

É355 nm Ì[U[pXðÆË·é±ÆªÅ«éBÌ^®É½fjðoé±ÆCÜ½ CCW ûüÌË¶ê^®

Å160  úËõ May 2014 Vol.27 No.3

gsbNX ¡ X ü 1 ªqÇÕ@ðp¢½^pN¿ªqà®ÔÏªFig. 6

Fig. 5(Color online) (a) Rotational position trajectories along x
direction are shown as a function of time in the presence of 2
mM ATP (1) and 5 mM caged­ATP after laser pulse irradia­
tion (2). The histogram in 2 and 4 show the frequency of theinitial direction, either clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise(CCW), respectively. (b) Schematic illustration of a group
II chaperonin attached the gold nanocrystal, which was
produced from ref. 11 with modication.

(a) X­ray spectra measured for the BL28B2 beamline (solidline) and for the BL40XU beamline (dotted line) at the sam­ple position. Intensity of both spectra are normalized. The
X­ray signal obtained after focusing the X­ray was measured
using a Si X­ray detector (XR­100CR, Seiko EG&G Co.,
Ltd, Japan). (b) Image of X­ray beam and focusing size at
the sample position.

É SPring­8 Ì BL40XU r[CðåÉpµÄ«½B
BL40XU ÍwJAW
N Xr [ C Å
DE/E1.8÷Å^[ðÝuµ½tbé12) B Gl M[ o hÍ ñèCñÜ_ðÇÕ·é½ßÉAW

[^©ç¾çêéXyNgðGlM[ªÈé×­ª 1 ªqxÅ¾ç©ÉÈÁ½11) BLaser­pump DXTL­Èéæ¤²®µÄ DXT ÉgpµÄ«½iFig. 6(ajjB

Å¾çê½m©ÍCXgbvt[uõªèÆ¢Á½A

ªèðø¦Ç­·é½ßÉÍC1 ÂÌim»©çÌñÜTuªèÊÆµµÈ¢BÚ×Í¶£11)ðQÆ³_ð·­ÇÕ·é½ßÉæèGlM[ÌL¢Fdê½¢B

X ü¹ðp¢é±ÆªzÅéB±êÜÅÉÈ¢L¢pxæÅñÜ_ÇÕªÂ\ÈLp

4. X ügC_~[ðp¢½Lpxæ
DXT ªè@ÌJ­±êÜÅäXÌO[vÍC]Ì DXT À±ðs¤Ìx æ DXT ( wide­angle DXT ) Ì ª è  u Ì § ¿ ã ° ð
SPring­8 Ì BL28B2 ÅsÁ½iFig. 7(ajjBäXÍCÎõ
d¥Îðõ¹Æ·éF X ür[CÅ
8 Ì BL28B213) Ìõwnb` 2 É Rh öé SPring­µ½ Si(111)p

úËõ May 2014 Vol.27 No.3  161

C4880_10jÉæèEGñÜ®æÌBeðsÁ½B{eÅáðã°é HSA nÌLpxæ DXT ÉæéªèÍC1t[½è36 ms Å90t[ÌñÜ®æªèðsÁ½B

5. ñÜ_ÌÇÕ@Æ 2 ²ªqà^®qXg
OiHSA Æ HSA/AC öÌðáÉj
5.1

Human serum albumin (HSA) ÉÂ¢ÄA^pN¿ªqÆµÄmçêÄ¢é HSA ÍCACÆ½µöÌ»·é±ÆªmçêÄ¢éB³´Au~ÍCTCgÅéàö«ÆOö«Ìeí»¨ðïÚ·é¡ÌÆ§µ½a«Ì|PbgÌæ¤ÈóÔðÁÄ¢éBHSA Ía«ÌóÔÍLeB[ð¿C»Ì|PbgÉüÁ½ AC ðõÉæèLÈ AC ñÊÌðsÄ¬·é±ÆªoéL´ªqÅé14_17)BzXgÆÈé¶Ì´ªqÌÀè«ÈÇðc_·é½ßÉCHSA ªqÌÝÆ HSA ªqÆ10ÂÌ AC ªqð
Fig. 7(Color online) (a) Schematic diagram of the wide angle
DXT measurement system at the BL28B2 beamline. (b)Photograph of the wide angle DXT measurement system in
optical hutch 3 of the BL28B2 beamline.

½³¹½ HSA/AC öÌÌªqàuE^®ðLpxæ DXT Éæèärµ¼ÒÌªqà^®Ì¢ðsÁ½B

5.2

W¯µ½àim»ÌñÜ_ÌOÕðÍ

T^IÈ HSA ªqÉW¯µ½àim»ÌEGñÜParameter of the X­ray source for the BL28B2 with atoroidal mirror and for the BL40XUð Fig. 8(a)É¦·BX üÌ_CNgr[tßÍîÂ

Attribute

BL28B2

BL40XUéBàim»{111}ÌñÜ_ÍC^pN¿ÉÎµÄX­ray energy bandwidth(DE/E) (÷)

82

12

14.3_
36.9

18.8_
21.2

Table 1

Width of tracking angleof Au 111 (degree)Time Resolution (ms)Insertion device
Energy range (keV)

1_36
0.005_36
Bending magnet In­vacuum undulator
5
8_17

Æ

ÌUÌ­xª¢½ßÂÉæè}XNðµÄ¢

_ÈûüÅW¯³êÄ¨èCñÜðÉvµ½im»ÌÝªñÜ_ÆµÄÏª³êéBÇÕ·éñÜ_ÍCu ûüÆ x ûüÌpÚ®Êâ»ÌpÁ¬xCÜ½ñÂÌpxÏ»ÌÔÖ«ðæé±ÆÅªqàhç¬Æ@\IÈªqà^®ðñÜs[NÌÚ®£©çZo·éiFig.
8(bjjBñÜ_ÍCeÔt[ÌñÜ_ðKEXÖÅtBbeBO·é±ÆÉæè»Ì u Æ x ÌÊuÆ­xðZo·éB»ÌãÉCet[ÌñÜ_ªOÕÆÈÈ~^Ì X ügC_~[ðCXg[µCXZ©®Xe[WÉæèõ²ÉÎµÄ¡ûüÆ½ËpxÌ²ßéæ¤ÖAðt¯éB
Fig. 9 É HSA ªqÉW¯µ½àim»ÌñÜ_ÌOðsÁ½BÜ½ X ügC_~[©çTvÜÅÕð¦·BFig. 9(a)Æ(b)Í»ê¼ê BL40XU Æ BL28B2

ÌWõ£ÍC6 m Åð p ¢ ½ HSA Ì DXT ª è É È é B BL40XU Å Í X ü

é½ßªèÍ BL28B2 Ìõwnb` 3 ÅsÁ½iFig. 7(bjjBÎõd¥ÎÌõ¹©çÌÌGlM[ohª·¢½ßàÌÊS§ûiq\¢É

Fd X üð X ügC_~[ÅWõ·é±ÆÅC¨¯é{111}Æ{200}ÌñÜs[Nªª£·é±ÆªoBL40XU Æä×Äñ 7 {ÌGlM[ohðp¢½

éBBL28B2 ÅÍ X üÌGlM[ohªL¢½ßLpxæ DXT ÉæéªèªÂ\ÉÈÁ½iTable 1jBFig.

{111}Æ{200}Íª£oÈ¢ªCñÜðÌpxæª

6(b)ÉWõÊuÉ¨¯é X üÌGlM[XyNgÆoíÌ 2u ûüÌªèÍÍÆÙÚ¯ÅWõTCYð¦·B~[Ìû·ÉæèTvÊuÅÌ

ÔñÜ_ðÇÕ·é±ÆªÂ\ÉÈÁ½BDXT ÅÍCÇWõTCYÍ¼ûüÉLÑÄµÜ¤B»Ì½ßº¬ÌÌW¯»ÌiqÊðÏª·é©ÍâèÆµÈ¢BÇÕµX üXbgÉæè50 mm(H)~100 mm(V) öxÉÈéæ

½OÕð½ðÍ·é±ÆÅC^pN¿ 1 ªqÌ\¢¤ÉWõTCYðTvÊuÅ²ßµ½BÏ»âhç¬Éº¤àim»ÌÔpxÏ»ÌÝðoé½ßC·¢àim»ÌEGñÜæÍCC[WCeVtµvIÈðÍðs¤B¨¨æ»100ÈãÌOÕðÇÕµ@CAt« CCD oíil¼zgjNXÐ»CV7739P,

vIÈÚ®Êf[^ÆµÄ»ÌpxâñÂÌpÌÔ

162  úËõ May 2014 Vol.27 No.3

gsbNX ¡ X ü 1 ªqÇÕ@ðp¢½^pN¿ªqà®ÔÏªFig. 8(Color online) (a) Typical diraction image of gold
nanocrystals attached to the surface of a HSA/AC complex.
The center of the image is masked using a lead plate toeliminate the X­ray scattering from buer solution and twopolyimide lms. Diraction spots appear randomly in thearea detector. (b) The position of each diraction spot istracked along the u and x directions using Gaussian function
tting. The diraction spots from the gold nanocrystals shift
over time.

Fig. 10(Color online) Two­dimensional histogram of the motionof X­ray diraction spots from the gold nanocrystals at­tached to (a) HSA and (b) HSA/AC complex at time inter­val of 180, 360, 540, and 720 ms in an aqueous buer solu­
tion. The dotted lines are guides showing the peak center at
180 ms. Frequency of each two­dimensional histogram was
normalized.

ÈJÂðº¤^pN¿Ì®I^®vªÉÐÍð­öµÄ«½11,18)B³çÉÚ×ÈªqàÌhç¬^®ððÍ·é½
ßÉÍ 2u ûüâ x ûüÌÇ¿ç©êûÌ^®É

Ú·éÌÅÍÈ­C¼ñ]²ÉÎµÄvIÈðÍðÁ¦½ÔÖðæé±ÆÅCªqàÌhç¬ÌÉé¡GÈ@\I\¢Ï»ðo·é±ÆªÂ\ÉÈéB6. ªqà^®}bsO©ç©é HSA ª
qÆ HSA/AC öÌÌªqà^®Ìär
Fig. 9(Color online) About 100 trajectories of diraction spots
form the gold nanocrystals attached to the HSA moleculesDiraction peaks from Au 111 and 200 using the BL40XU(a) and the BL28B2 (b). Frame rate was 36 ms/frame.

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æè»EB

Development of Diracted X­ray Tracking (DXT)
for monitoring intramolecular motions inindividual protein molecules
Kouhei ICHIYANAGI

Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo,
Kashiwa 277_8561, Japan

Hiroshi SEKIGUCHI
Yuji C. SASAKI

Japan Synchrotron Research institute, Sayo, 679_5198, Japan

Abstract

Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo,
Kashiwa 277_8561, Japan

Diracted X­ray Tracking (DXT) enables the intramolecular motions of protein molecules to bemonitored using a highly brilliant X­ray source with a wide energy bandwidth. This technique uses
gold nanocrystals markers combined with a synchrotron X­ray source that has a wide energy ban­dwidth to probe the tilting and twisting motions of single protein molecules in the solution. Addi­
tionally, we have developed the Laser­pump and DXT and wide­angle DXT methods. The laser­pump and DXT method can be monitored the in situ single molecular motion change after the laser
pulse trigger. Then, the wide­angle DXT method can be tracked many diraction spots from the individ­
ual gold nanocrystal attached to the individual protein molecules using bending magnet beamline at theSPring­8. We reported these experiments in detail and discuss the intramolecular motions of protein.

úËõ May 2014 Vol.27 No.3  165