Minerals of Norway - the (almost) complete
inventory
Gunnar Raade
Preamble
A monographic survey of the minerals of Norway (Norges Mineraler) was published by
Neumann (1985), covering all minerals recorded on its mainland up to about 1983. The index
contains ca. 880 different mineral names, including varieties and synonyms. A large number ofminerals new to Norway have been recorded since the book appeared. The inventory given
below is an attempt to list all accepted mineral species from Norway, including those from
Neumann (1985) and later discoveries. Minerals from Spitsbergen and Bj0rn0ya are also
included here.
The minerals are arranged according to the Strunz Mineralogical Tables (Strunz & Nickel2001). Names of minerals discovered in Norway after the edition of Neumann's monographare in boldface and preceded by an asterisk (*). A double asterisk (**) means that the mineralis new and not listed in Strunz & Nickel (2001). In such cases, the mineral is placed where it
most likely belongs in the system, according to structure and chemistry. Formulae are mainly
taken from Fleischer's Glossary of Mineral Species (Mandarino & Back 2004) but modified
where appropriate. The sign 0 denotes vacancies.

It is realized that the present list by no means can be complete, although every effort was
taken to search the literature thoroughly. The author shall be pleased to receive information
about omissions and errors, to be included in a future update. Such reports, preferably to besent bye-mail togunn-ra@online.no. must contain locality data and information on who did theidentification and by which method.
Information from Interne Notater, the in-house newsletter of the former Mineralogisk-Geologisk
Museum, is not to be regarded as published material, and is referred to only in the text. The
series of annotated bibliographies on the mineralogy of Norway (Minera/ogia Norvegica),
published by Larsen, Nordrum and Kristiansen in Norsk Bergverksmuseums Skrifter, has been
an invaluable source during the preparation of the present inventory.

1. ELEMENTS
Copper Cu
Silver Ag
Gold Au
Lead Pb
Awaruite Ni 2Fe to NisFe* Osmium (Os,lr,Ru) Osthammeren, R0ros (Nilsson 1990)* Palladium Pd PGE occurrences in the Karasjok greenstone belt (Nilsson & Larsen 1998)* Iridium (Ir,Os,Ru) Osthammeren, R0ros (Nilsson 1990)
Platinum Pt* Isoferroplatinum Pt3 Fe Raudberget, St01sheimen, Sogn (Nilsson & Larsen 1998)* Tulameenite P12FeCu Leka (Nilsson & Larsen 1998)* Tetraferroplatinum PtFe Raudberget, St01sheimen, Sogn (Nilsson & Larsen 1998) [needs
verification]
Arsenic As

69

Antimony Sb
Bismuth Bi
Graphite C
Diamond C [Microdiamonds in high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Western Gneiss Region,
see Dobrzhinetskaya et al. 1995, Smith 1995, Carswell & van Roermund 2005.
Microdiamonds in the Gardnos impactites, see Gilmour et al. 2003]
Sulphur S
Tellurium Te

2. SULPHIDES, SULPHOSALTS
Allargentum Ag 1_xSbx
Dyscrasite Ag 3Sb
Maucherite Ni l1 Asa* Stillwaterite PdaAS3 PGE occurrences in the Karasjok greenstone belt (Nilsson & Larsen
1998)* Mertieite-I Pd 11 AszSb z PGE occurrences in the Karasjok greenstone belt (Nilsson &Larsen 1998)* Mertieite-II Pda(Sb,Ash PGE occurrences in the Karasjok greenstone belt (Nilsson &Larsen 1998)* Arsenopalladinite Pda(As,Sbh PGE occurrences in the Karasjok greenstone belt (Nilsson& Larsen 1998)* Stibiopalladinite PdsSb z Osthammeren, Rl2Jros (Nilsson 1990) [needs verification]; Leka
and Stormyrplutlen, Grong (Nilsson & Larsen 1998)* Palladoarsenide PdzAs PGE occurrences in the Karasjok greenstone belt (Nilsson &Larsen 1998)
Chalcocite CuzS
Djurleite CU 31 S16
Digenite CugSs
Bornite CusFeS.
Acanthite AgzSStromeyerite AgCuS
Mckinstryite (Ag,CulzS
Jalpaite Ag3CUSz
Naumannite AgzSe
Hessite AgzTe
Heazlewoodite Ni 3Sz
Pentlandite (Fe,Ni)gSa
Cobalt pentlandite CogS a* Keithconnite Pd20Te7 Leka (Nilsson & Larsen 1998)
Temagamite Pd3HgTe3* Borovskite Pd 3SbTe. Stormyrplutten, Grong, Nord-Trl2Jndelag (Nilsson & Larsen 1998)* Parkerite Ni 3(Bi,PblzSz From the Norwegian coesite-eclogite province (Smith 1988)
Covellite CuS
Idaite CU3FeS. or -CuSFeS6 [inadequately defined]* Nukundamite -Cu3.4Feo.6S, Konnerudkollen, Drammen (Segalstad & Telstl2J 2002), Huken
pukkverk, Oslo (Kvamsdal 1999)
Sphalerite ZnS* Hawleyite CdS Konnerudkollen, Drammen, Buskerud (Raade & Soebl2J 1990, Interne
Notater, 150)
Chalcopyrite CuFeSz
Roquesite CulnSz
70

Stannite CU2FeSnS4• Cernyite CU2CdSnS4 Bleikvassli, Nordland (Cook et al. 1998)• Kesterite CU2(Zn,Fe)SnS4 Bleikvassli, Nordland (Cook et al. 1998)
Colusite CU26V2(As,Sn,Sb~S32
Mawsonite CUaFe2SnSa
Greenockite CdS [First positive identification by Raade 1993, Interne Notater, 163-164.
Locality: Konnerudkollen, Drammen, Buskerud]
Enargite CU;ASS4
Cubanite CuFe2S3
Sternbergite AgFe2S3 [Sternbergite from Akersberg mine, Oslo, see Nilsen & Bjl2lrlykke 1991]
Vulcanite CuTe
• Empressite AgTe Sulitjelma (Cook 1996, Nordrum & Cook 2001)
Nickeline NiAs
Breithauptite NiSb
• Sudburyite PdSb Stormyrplullen, Grong, Nord-Trl2lndelag (Nilsson & Larsen 1998)• Sobolevskite PdBi 0rnstolen, Selsl2lyvik, Rl2ldl2lY (Nilsson & Larsen 1998)
Pyrrhotite Fe,.xS
Smythite Fe9Sl1
Millerite NiS
Mackinawite (Fe,Ni),+xS
Cooperite (Pt,Pd,Ni)S• Kotulskite Pd(Te,Bi) Fcel2lY, Haugesund (Boyd & Nixon 1985)• Herzenbergite SnS Bleikvassli, Nordland (Cook et al. 1998)
Alabandite MnSGalena PbS
Clausthalite PbSe
A1taite PbTe
Matildite AgBiS2• Volynskite AgBiTe2 Dragset, Sl2lr-Trl2lndelag (McQueen 1990)• Cinnabar HgS Golles HOIfe in der Noth, Kongsberg (Nord rum et al. 2003a)
Linnaeite COC02S4
Siegenite CoNi 2S4
Violarite FeNi 2S4 [Brickwood 1986]
Carrollite Cu(Co,NihS.
Stibnite Sb2S3
Bimuthinite Bi2S 3
Hedleyite Bi 2+xTe,_x (x - 0.13)• Tsumoite BiTe Sulitjelma (Cook 1996, Nordrum & Cook 2001)
Tetradymite Bi 2Te2S
Tellurobismuthite Bi2Te3
Joseile-B Bi.Te2S• Rucklidgeite (Bi,PbhTe4 Dragset, Sl2lr-Tmndelag (McQueen 1990)
Calaverite AuTe2
Melonite NiTe2
Merenskyite (Pd,Pt)(Te,BihMoncheite (Pt,Pd)(Te,Bi)2
Molybdenite MoS 2
Pyrite FeS2
Bravoite [= nickeloan pyrite]
Vaesite NiS 2• Aurostibite AuSb2 Sulitjelma, Nordland (Cook 1992, Cook 1996)• Laurite RUS2 Osthammeren, Rl2lros (Nilsson 1990)

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* Erlichmanite OSS2 Osthammeren, R0ros (Nilsson 1990)
Sperrylite PtAs2* Geversite PtSb2 Raudberget, St0lsheimen, Sogn; Leka (Nilsson & Larsen 1998)
Gersdorffite NiAsS* Hollingworthite (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS Osthammeren, R0ros (Nilsson 1990)*Irarsite (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS Osthammeren, R0roS (Nilsson 1990)* Platarsite (Pt,Rh,Ru)AsS Osthammeren, R0ros (Nilsson 1990)
Ullmannite NiSbS* Tolovkite IrSbS Osthammeren, R0ros (Nilsson & Larsen 1998)* Michenerite PdBiTe Raudberget, St0lsheimen, Sogn (Nilsson & Larsen 1998)
Cobaltite CoAsS
Willyamite (Co,Ni)SbS
Marcasite FeS2
Frohbergite FeTe2
Arsenopyrite FeAsS
Glaucodot (Co,Fe)AsS
Gudmundite FeSbS* Osarsite (Os,Ru)AsS Osthammeren, R0roS (Nilsson 1990)
L611ingite FeAs2
Safflorite (Co,Fe)As2
Rammelsbergite NiAs2* Nisbite NiSb2 Sulitjelma (Cook 1996, Nordrum & Cook 2001)* Costibite CoSbS Suliljelma (Cook 1996, Nordrum & Cook 2001)
Skutterudite CoAs3
Sma/tite [= skutterudite]
Nickel-skutterudite (Ni,Co,Fe)As3-x [chloanthite in Neumann (1985)]* Realgar AsS Sulitjelma (Cook 1996)* Rasvumite KFe2S3 Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)* Djerfisherite ~Na(Fe,Cuh,S26CI Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)
Valleriite 4(Fe,Cu)S'3(Mg,AI)(OHh
Proustite Ag~SS3
Pyrargyrite Ag 3SbS 3
Wittichenite CU3BiS3Tennantite (Cu,Ag, Fe,Zn ),2As.S,3Tetrahedrite (Cu,Fe,Ag,Zn)'2Sb,S'3* Freibergite (Ag,Cu),o(Fe,ZnMSb,As),S'3 Sulitjelma (Cook 1992), Bleikvassli, Nordland(Cook et al. 1998)
Stephanlte AgsSbS.
Pearceite (Ag,CU),~S2S11
Polybasite (Ag,CU),6Sb2S11* Jordanite Pb,.(As,Sb)6S23 Bleikvassli, Nordland (Raade, Austrheim & Sceb0 1990, Interne
Notater, 151-152; Cook et al. 1998)
Geocronite Pb,.(Sb,As)6S23
Chalcostibite CuSbS 2
Emplectite CuBIS2
Berthierite FeSb 2S.
Meneghinite Pb 13CuSb 7S2•
Aikinite PbCuBiS 3* Miharaite Cu.FePbBiS 6 Konnerudkollen, Drammen (Segalstad & Telst0 2002)
Giessenite CU2Pb26(Bi,Sbh OSS7 [New data on giessenite from Bj0rkasen in Makovicky &Karup-M0l1er 1986]

72

Jamesonite Pb.FeSbaS,.
• Dufrenoisite Pb 2As 2S5 Bleikvassli, Nordland (Cook et al. 1998)
Boulangerite Pb5Sb.S l1• Nuffieldite Pb 2Cu(Pb,Bi)Bi 2S7 Tennvatn, SQlrfold, Nordland (Ellingsen et al. 2000)
Zinkenite Pb gSb 22 S. 2
Schirmerite Ag 3Pb 3Bi g S'8 to Ag3PbaBi7S'8
Galenobismutite PbBi 2S.
Cosalite Pb2Bi 2S5• Seligmannite PbCuAsS 3 Sulitjelma (Cook 1996; Nordrum & Cook 2001, with wrong
formula); Bleikvassli, Nordland (Cook et al. 1998)
Bournonite PbCuSbS 3

3. HALIDES
Chlorargyrite AgCI
Villiaumite NaF
Halite NaCI
Sylvite KCI• Sal ammoniac NH.CI Mt. Pyramide, Spitsbergen (from a burning coal seam) (Oftedal
1922)
Neighborite NaMgh
Sellaite MgF 2
Fluorite CaF 2
Ytlrofluorite [species discredited 2006, = yltrian fluorite]
Cerfluorite [not a valid species, = cerian fluorite]
Tveitite-(Y) Ca,.Y5F.3
Gagarinite-(Y) NaCaYFa
Fluocerite-(Ce) (Ce,La)F 3
Hydrohalite NaCI~2H20
Cryolite Na~IFa
Thomsenolite NaCaAIFa1!H 20
Pachnolite NaCaAIF a15H 20
Gearksutite CaAI( OH)F./iH 20
Ralstonite Na,Mg,A1 2.,(F,OH)a"'H 20
Atacamite CU2CI(OHh• Abhurite Sn30(OHjzCI2 Shipwreck off Hidra (Griffin et al. 1977; Raade 1988, Interne
Notater, 139-140)• Bismoclite BiOCI Tennvatn, SQlrfold, Nordland (Ellingsen et al. 2000)• Cotunnite PbCI 2 Shipwreck off Hidra, with abhurite (Griffin et al. 2977)

4. OXIDES
Ice H20
Cuprite CU20
Tenorite CuO• Bromellite BeO Saga, MQlrje, Porsgrunn, Telemark (Larsen et al. 1987)
Zincite ZnO
Periclase MgO
Bunsenite NiO
Chrysoberyl BeAI 20.
Spinel MgAIzO.
Hercynite FeAI 20.

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-

=

Gahnite ZnAI 20.
Magnesioferrite MgFe20.
Magnetite FeFe20.
Jacobsite MnFe20.
Chromite FeCr20.
Ulviispinel TiFe20.
Hausmannite MnMn20.
Maghemite Fe203* Minium Pb 2+2Pb'+0. Meland blyglansskjerp pa Hitra (Personal communication from Tor
Witsl2l 1997. X-ray determination NGU; see Witsl2l 1998b) [looks like paint]
Corundum Ab03
Hematite Fe203
Ilmenite FeTi0 3
Pyrophanite MnTi03* Geikielite MgTi03 Lisel, Selje (Smith & Pinet, 1985)
Pseudobrookite (Fe2+,Fe3+MTi,Fe 3+)05
Hiigbomite (Mg,FeMAI,Ti)501O [NB! New nomenclature for the group]* (Be.[])(V,TihO. [Mineral crystallographically and chemically related to kyzylkumite, which
has the alleged composition V 2Ti 30 9] Byrud, Eidsvoll, Akershus (Raade & Balic-Zunic2006)
Arsenolite As 20 3
Bismite Bi 20 3
Perovskite CaTi0 3
Loparite-(Ce) (Ce,Na,Ca)(Ti,Nb)03* Senaite Pb(Ti,Fe,Mnh,038 Bjl2lrndalen, Tvedalen (Larsen 1989)* Davidite-(La) (La,Ce)(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe),a038 Intergrown with loveringite frorn Biggejarvi,
Finnmark (Olerud, 1988)Davidite-(Ce) (Ce,La)(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe),a038* Loveringite (Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe,Cr,Mgh,038 Intergrown with davidite-(La) from Biggejavri,
Finnmark (Olerud 1988)
Quartz Si02
* Moganite Si0 2 Huken pukkverk, Grorud, Oslo (X-ray powder-diffraction by G. Raade, see
Kvamsdal1999)
Opal Si02l1nH 20* Coesite Si0 2 Grytting, Selje (Smith 1984)
Rutile Ti02
IImenorutile (Ti,Nb,FehO. [species discredited 2006, = niobian rutile]
StrOverite (Ti,Ta,FehO. [species discredited 2006, = tantalian rutile]
Pyrolusite Mn02
Cassiterite Sn02
Ferrotapiolite (Fe,Mn)(Ta, NbhOG
Ramsdellite Mn02 [The locality "Balksjl2l" in Neumann (1985) is an error for Bolkesjl2l near
Notodden. Personal communication from A.O. Larsen 1997]
Nsutite Mn2+xMn'+"X02.2x(OH)2x (x is small)
Samarskite-(Y) (Y,REE,Fe,U,Th,Ca)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O.
Yttrotantalite-(Y) (Y,U,Fe)(Ta,Nb)O.
*Ixiolite (Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn).O. Heftetjern, Tl2lrdal, Telemark (Bergstl2ll & Juve 1988)
Ferberite FeWO.
Ferrocolumbite FeNb 20 6
* Manganocolumbite MnNb 20 6 Agskaret, Holandsfjord (Kristiansen 1994)
Ferrotantalite FeTa206
Anatase Ti0 2

74

Brookite Ti02
• Stibiotantalite SbTa04 Tjeldlllya (personal communication from Tomas Husdal2006)• Stibiocolumbite SbNb04 Tennvatn, SlIlrfold (personal communication from Tomas Husdal
2006)
Baddeleyite Zr02
Aeschynite-(Y) (Y,Ca, Fe,Th)(Ti,Nbh(O,OH)6• Rynersonite Ca(Ta,Nbh06 Herreblllkasa, Halden (Personal communication from Tor Witslll
1997. X-ray determination NGU. See Wits1ll1999, Kristiansen 2000a and SlIlrlie 2003)
Fersmite (Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Tih(O,OH,F)6 [Larsen 2001a]
Euxenite-(Y) (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Tih06
Polycrase-(Y) (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Ti,Nb,Tah06
Kobeite-(Y) (Y,U)(Ti,Nbh(O,OH16 (?)[yttrotantalite-(Y) moved, placed after samarskite-(Y)]Brannerite (U,Ca,Y,Ce)(Ti,Feh06
Pyrochlore (Ca,NahNb20 6(OH,F)• Plumbopyrochlore PbNb 20 6 Gjerdingselva, Lunner, Oppland (electron-microprobe
analysis by G. Raade)• Yttropyrochlore-(Y) YNb206(OH) Heftetjern, TlIlrdal, Telemark (Bergstllli & Juve 1988)• Uranpyrochlore (U,Ca)Nb20 6(OH) Gjerstad, Aust-Agder (Hawthorne et al. 1991, Table 5)
Microlite (Ca,NahTa206(O,OH,F)• Plumbomicrolite PbTa206 Hefteljern, TlIlrdal, Telemark (Raade & Kristiansen 2000)
Betafite (Ca,Na,Uh(Ti,Nb,Tah06(OH)• Yttrobetafite-(Y) (Y,Uh(Ti,Nbh06(OH)) Heftetjern, TlIlrdal, Telemark (Bergstllli & Juve1988)
• Romeite (Ca,Feh(Sb,Tih(O,OH,F17 Tennvatn, SlIlrfold (Raade et al. 2006)
Zirconolite CaZrTi20 7 [In Neumann (1985) with the discredited name polymignite)
Zirkelite (Ti,Ca,Zr)02_x (x - 0.3)
2
4
Hollandite Ba(Mn +,Mn +)sO'6
4
2• Coronadite Pb(Mn +,Mn +)sO'6 Skjerpemyr, Grua, Oppland (Raade 1993, Interne Notater,
168-170)• Todorokite (Mn2+,Ca,Mg)Mn4+307~H20Sandstones of the Brlllttum formation (Morad
1985); Tuften and Vevja, Tvedalen (Andersen et al. 1996)
4
Romanechite (Ba,H 20)(Mn +,Mn 2+)sO,oUraninite U02
Thorianite Th0 2
Cerianite-(Ce) Ce02
• Petscheckite U4+Fe2+(Nb,TahOs Tiltvika, Nordland (Tomasic': et al. 2004) [(Y+REE)dominated analogues of petscheckite are known from the Tysfjord area: Raade &Williams (2005)]• Liandratite U6+(Nb,TahOs Herreblllkasa, 0stfold (Kristiansen 2006)
Molybdite Mo0 3
Behoite Be(OHhWickmanite MnSn(OH)6
Diaspore AIO(OH)
Goethite FeO(OH)
Groutite MnO(OH)
Manganite MnO(OH)
Brucite Mg(OH)2
Gibbsite Al(OHh• Doyleite Al(OHh Gjerdingselva, Lunner, Oppland (Raade & Sceblll 1990, Interne Notater,
149)

75

• Nordstrandite AI(OHh Siktes0ya, Langesundsfjord (Engvoldsen et al. 1991, Larsen &Raade 1991, Andersen et al. 1996)
B6hmite AIO(OH)
Lepidocrocite FeO(OH)4
Lithiophorite (AI,Li)Mn +OiOH)2
Tungstite W0 311H20• Chalcophanite (Zn,Fe,Mn2+)Mn4+307M3H20 Skjerpemyr, Grua, Oppland (Raade 1993,
Interne Notater, 168-170)• Ranch~ite (Ca,Mn2+)Mn4+409'3H20 Alefjcer, Kristiansand (Nordrum & Garmo 2006)[Identification by A.O. Larsen]
Birnessite (Na,Ca)o.s(Mn4+,Mn2+lz04·1.5H20• Hochelagaite (Ca,Na,Sr)Nb40 11 118H20 Vardeasen, Skautvedt, Larvik (Berge 1993, Interne
Notater, 196. Identified by A.O. Larsen. See also Andersen et al. 1996 and Nordrum
2004a)
Schoepite (U02)40(OHk6H20
Studtite U04114H20 [See Kristiansen 1990]
Becquerelite Ca(U02)S04(OH)sI18H 20
Fourmarierite PbU 40,3114H 20
Vandendriesscheite Pb,s(U02)1QOs(OH)11·11 H 20
Curite Pb2Us0 17 154H20
Clarkeite Na(U02)O(OH)'0-1 H20
Tyuyamunite Ca(U02l2(V04lzI15-8H 20
Metatyuyamunite Ca(U02h(V04lzIi3H 20
Carnotite K2(U02h(V04lzIi3H 20• Asbecasite Ca3Be2(Ti,Sn)AssSb020 Tennvatn, S0rfold, Nordland (Larsen 1990, Interne
Notater, 158-160; Ellingsen et al. 1995)• Teineite CuTe03112H20 Graurdalen, Oppdal (Isbrekke 1991, Kristiansen 1992, Wits0
1998a),

5. CARBONATES, NITRATES• Nahcolite NaHC03 Daughter mineral in fluid inclusions from microdiamond-bearing
granulites in the Western Gneiss Region (R.B. Larsen et al. 1998)
Calcite CaC0 3
Magnesite MgC0 3
Siderite FeC03
Rhodochrosite MnC0 3
Smithsonite ZnC0 3
Dolomite MgCa(C0 3
Ankerite (Fe,Mg,Mn)Ca(C0 3lz
Kutnohorite (Mn,Mg,Fe)Ca(C0 3lz
Aragonite CaC0 3• Strontianite SrC03 Vinje, Amot i Telemark (K.E. Larsen 2003)• Witherite BaC03 Sulitjelma (Nordrum 1999, Nordrum & Cook 2001, Nordrum 2004b),
Blyhatten mine, Bj0rn0ya (Nordrum 2001)
Cerussite PbC0 3
Azurite CU3(C03h(OHlz
Malachite CU2(C03)(OHlz
Rosasite (Cu,Znh(C0 3)(OHlz [First authenticated find from Skjerpemyr, Grua, Oppland(Raade & Sceb0 1990, Interne Notater, 145; Raade 1995)]
Hydrozincite Zns(C03h(OH)s
Aurichalcite (Zn,Culs(C0 3h(OH)sn76• Dawsonite NaAI(C03)(OHh
Synchysite-(Ce) Ca(Ce,La)(C03)2F
Parisite-(Ce) Ca(Ce,La),(C03hF2
Bastniisite-(Ce) (Ce,La)(C0 3)F
Hydrocerussite Pb3(C0 3),(OH)2• Phosgenite Pb,(C0 3)CI, Blystadlia, Rcelingen (Kamphaug 1986), Tennvatn, SlZIrfold,
Nordland (Ellingsen et al. 2000)
Bismutite Bi 2(C0 3)02
• Beyerite (Ca,Pb)Bi2(C03h02 De Lampertiske Duers gruve, Moisesberg, Fyresdal (Nord rum& Larsen 1995)• Brianyoungite ZndC03h(SO.)(OH),6 Konnerudkollen, Drammen; Glomsrudkollen,
Modum; Nyseter, Grua (Raade 1995)
Leadhillite Pb.(SO.)(C0 3),(OHhNesquehonite MgC03·3H 20
Lansfordite MgC03115H20
Tengerite-(Y) Y2(C03hIl2-3H 20• Kimuraite-M CaY2(C0 3).1I6H 20 Pegmatite at KragerlZl, Telemark (Personalcommunication from A.V. Voloshin 1987. Found on a kainosite specimen in thecollection of the Mining Museum in SI. Petersburg. The locality is probably the Tangenpegmatite quarry)
Lokkaite-(Y) CaY.(C03hIl9H 20•• Adamsite-M NaY(C0 3),-6H 20 Hundholmen, Tysfjord (personal communication fromTomas Husda12006)
Lanthanite-(La) (La,Ce),(C03hIlBH 20
Hydromagnesite Mgs(C03).(OH)2114H20• Giorgiosite Mg S(C0 3).(OHhIl5H 20 (?) SlZIrdalen, Ytre Holmedal, Sunnfjord (Raade 1993,
Interne Notater, 188-189)
Dypingite MgS(C03).(OH)2115H20• Artinite M9 2(C0 3)(OHhIl3H 20 Svartholhaugan, Risberget, Vinstradalen, Oppdal (Personalcommunication from Tor WitslZl 1997. X-ray determination NGU. See Wits1Zl2005)
Manasseite MgsAI2(C03)(OH),6114H20
Hydrotalcite MgsAI2(C03)(OH),6114H20• Pyroaurite MgsFe2(C03)(OH),s114H20 Ytre Arna, Hordaland (Raade 1983, Interne Notater,
115); Dypingdal, Snarum (Eldjarn 1988) [Needs chemical verification for both
localitites]• Strontiodresserite SrAI 2(C0 3),(OHkH 20 KjlZlpsvik, Tysfjord (personal communication fromTomas Husdal 2006)• Calcio-ancylite-(Ce) (Ca,Sr)Ce3(C03).(OHhIlH20 Tvedalen, Larvik (Berge 1993, Interne
Notater, 196-197; Larsen 1996; Larsen & Gault 2002)
Ancylite-(Ce) SrCe(C03),(OH)IIH 20• Kamphaugite-(Y) Ca2(Y,REE),(C03).(OHhIl2-3H20 HlZIrtekollen, Lier, Buskerud (Raade &Brastad 1993, RlZImming et al. 1993). See also LjlZlstad (1994)
Rutherfordine U0 2(C0 3)• Joliotite (U02)(C0 3)1I2H 20 Bjertnes, Kmdsherad, Buskerud (Kristiansen 1989, Interne
Notater, 141-143; Kristiansen 1990)
Liebigite Ca2(U02)(C03hIl11 H20• Urancalcarite Ca(U02h(C03)(OH)sIl3H 20 Bjertnes, KrlZldsherad, Buskerud (Kristiansen
1989, Interne Notater, 141-143; Kristiansen 1990)• Kamotoite-(Y) Y2(U0 2).O.(C0 3hIl14.5H 20 Bjertnes, KrlZldsherad, Buskerud (Kristiansen
1989, Interne Notater, 141-143; Kristiansen 1990)
Schrockingerite NaCa3(U02)(C03h(SO.)F111 OH 20
Nitrocalcite Ca(N0 3hIl4H 20

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6. BORATESNordenski61dine CaSn(B0 3h
Hambergite Be2(B03)(OH)
Berborite Be2(B03)(OH,F)MH20 [Polytypes 1 T, 2Tand 2Hwere described from Saga, Ml2lrje,
Porsgrunn, b~ Giuseppetli et al. (1990))* Ludwigite (Mg,Fe +hFe3+02(B03) Mehus, Hinnl2lya (Bl2le 1997)
Cahnite Ca2B(AsO.)(OH).
Szaibelyite MgB02(OH)
7.SULPHATES, MOLYBDATES, TUNGSTATES
Thenardite Na2S0.
* Aphthitalite (K,NahNa(SO.h Daughter mineral in fluid inclusions in quartz from the
Eikeren-8krim granite complex, Oslo Region (Hansteen & Burke 1994)
Anhydrite CaSO.
Celestite SrSO.
Barite BaSO.
Anglesite PbSO.
Brochantite Cu.(SO.)(OH)6Natrojarosite Na2Fe6(SO.).(OH),2
Jarosite K2Fe6(SO.).(OH),2
Osarizawaite Pb(AI,Cuh(SO.Jz(OH)6* Caledonite PbSCU2(C03)(SO.h(OH)6 Minge, Halden, 0stfold (Raade 1993, Interne Notater,
164-165)
linarite PbCu(SO.)(OH)z
Szomolnokite FeSO./$H 20
Gunningite ZnSO./$H 20
Rozenite FeSO./$4H20* Boyleite ZnSO./$4H 20 Sauda, Rogaland (Bryhni 1993, Interne Notater, 199-205)* Pentahydrite MgSO.!l5H 20 Dragehullet, Porsgrunn, Telemark (Raade & Salbl2l 1990,
Interne Notater, 149)
* Siderotil FeSO.M5H 20 Hatlestrand, Hardanger (Raade 1988, Interne Notater, 134-138; R.
Ellingsen 1989)
Chalcanthite CuSO.1I5H 20
Hexahydrite MgSO.M6H 20
Nickelhexahydrite NiSO.M6H 20
Bianchite ZnSO.tJ6H 20
Melanterite FeSO.M7H 20
Boothite CuSO.M7H20
Epsomite MgSO./$7H 20 [First positive identification from Bruvassfeltet, Rana (Raade 1988,
Interne Notater, 134-138))
Goslarite ZnSO./$7H 20 [Needs verification, see Raade 1995)
Alunogen AI 2(SO.hIl17H 20
Pickeringite MgAIz(SO.)./$22H 20
Halotrichite FeAI 2(SO.).1I22H 20
Mendozite NaAI(SO.)z/$11 H20Leightonite K2Ca2Cu(SO.).1I2H20
Mirabilite Na2S0.1I10H20* Gorgeyite K2Cas(SO.)6/$H 20 Daughter mineral in fluid inclusions in quartz from the
Eikeren-Skrim granite complex, Oslo Region (Hansteen 1988)
78

Gypsum CaSO,M2H 20
Copiapite Fe2+Fe 3+,(SO,)s(OHhM20H 20
Aluminocopiapite AI 2J3 Fe,(SO,)s(OHhI120H 20
Fibroferrite Fe(SO,)(OH)M5H 20• Posjnakite Cu,(SO,)(OH)6MH 20 Konnerudkollen, Drammen; Stabbeldalsgruva, Lisleherad,
Notodden; Gullnes, Seljord; Glomsrudkollen, Modum (Raade & Sreblll 1990, Interne
Notater, 145; Raade 1995); Herzog Ulrich mine and Knutehavet prospect, Kongsberg(Nord rum 1995)
Langite Cu,(SO,)(OH)6112H 20• Wroewolfeite Cu,(SO,)(OH)6112H20 Skyttemyr, Froland (Raade & Sreblll 1990, Interne
Notater, 146; Raade 1995)• Schulenbergite (Cu,Znl7(SO"C03h(OH)1O'3H20 Konnerudkollen, Drammen and
Glomsrudkollen, Modum (Raade 1993, Interne Notater, 170-171; Raade 1995)
Ktenasite (Cu,Zn)s(SO,MOHlst16H 20• Devilline CaCu,(SO,l2(OH)6t13H20 Glomsrudkollen, Modum; Konnerudkollen, Drammen;
Skyttemyr, Froland (Raade & Sreblll 1990, Interne Notater 146; Raade 1995); Herzog
Ulrich mine and Knutehavet prospect, Kongsberg (Nordrum1995)
Serpierite Ca(Cu,Zn).(SO,MOH)6M3H20• Woodwardite Cu,.xAlx(SO,lx!2(OHknH20 Eidshaug, Minnesund; Skyttemyr, Froland;
Sauda, Rogaland (Raade & Sreblll .1990, Interne Notater, 146-147)• Glaucocerinite (Zn,Cu)lOAI6(SO,h(OH)32M18H20 Sauda, Rogaland (Raade & Sreblll 1990,
Interne Notater, 147)
• Namuwite (Zn,Cu).(SO,)(OH)6114H 20 Glomsrudkollen, Modum, Buskerud (Raade 1993,
Interne Notater, 170-171) [Needs verification, see Raade 1995]
Siavikite NaMg 2Fe 3+5(SO,h(OH)6M33H20
Thaumasite Ca6Si2(C03MSO,h(OH),2M24H20• Rapidcreekite Ca2(SO,)(C03)M4H20 Mildigkeit Golles, Kongsberg, Buskerud (Raade &Sreblll 1990, Interne Notater, 149-150; Raade 1989)
Powellite CaMoO,
Wulfenite PbMoO,
Scheelite CaWO,
Stolzite PbWO,
Fergusonite-(Y) YNbO,
Lindgrenite CU3(MoO,l2(OH12
Ferrimolybdite Fe3+2(MoO,hM7-8H 20

8.PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES,VANADATES
Lithiophilite LiMnPO,
Sicklerite (Li,D)(Mn 2+,Fe3+)pO,• Beusite (Ca,Mn)(Mn,CaMPO')2 HlIlydalen, TlIlrdal (personal communication from S.
Bergstllli 1989)
Whitlockite Cag(Mg,Fe)(PO,)s(P0 30H)
Xenotime-(Y) YPO,
• Chernovite.(y) .YAsO, Gjerstad, Aust-Agder (Hawthorne et al. 1991, Table 5);
Lindvikskollen, Kragerlll (Kristiansen 1993); Tennvatn, SlIlrfold, Nordland (Ellingsen etal. 1995, Ellingsen et al. 2000)
Monazite-(Ce) CePO,• Cheralite (Ca,Th,Ce)(P,Si)O, Yller0Y, Nord-Tmndelag (Grlllnlie & Torsvik 1989)• Gasparite-(Ce) CeAsO, Tennvatn, SlIlrfold (Raade et al. 2006)• Bergslagite CaBe(AsO,)(OH) Tennvatn, SlIlrfold, Nordland (Raade et al. 2006)
Triplite (Mn,Fe,Mgl2(PO,)(F,OH)
79

-

==~

Wagnerite MgiPO.)F
Holtedahlite MgdP030H,C03)(PO.)s(OH,O)s [Structure description by Rf2Imming & Raade(1989))
Althausite Mg.(PO.h(OH,O)(F,mLazulite MgAlz(PO.h(OH)z
Scorzalite (Fe,Mg)Alz(PO.h(OH)z* Phosphoellenbergerite Mg,z(Mg,Fe,O)Z(pO.,P030H,AsO.ls(P0 30H,C03h(OH)sTingelstadtjern, Modum, Buskerud (Raade et al. 1998)
Pseudomalachite Cus(PO.h(OH).
** Raadeite Mg 7(PO.h(OH)s Tingelstadtjern, Modum, Buskerud (Chopin et al. 2001)
Isokite CaMg(PO.)F* Pyrobelonite PbMn(VO.)(OH) Alefjcer, Kristiansand (Nord rum & Garmo 2006)[Identification by A.O. Larsen]
Woodhouseite CaAI3(PO.)(SO.)(OHjs
Svanbergite SrAI 3(PO.)(SO.)(OH)s
Beudantite PbFe3(AsO.)(SO.)(OH)s [Blystadlia, Rcelingen, see Kamphaug 1986)
Fluorapatite Cas(PO.hF
Hydroxylapatite Cas(PO.h(OH)
Carbonate-hydroxylapatite Cas(PO.,C03h(OH) [not a species, = carbonate-bearinghydroxylapatite]
Svabite Cas(AsO.hF
Chlorapatite Cas(PO.hCI
Mimetite Pbs(AsO.hCI
Vanadinite Pbs(VO.hCI* Heneuite CaMg s(PO.h(C0 3)(OH) Tingelstadtjern, Modum, Buskerud (Raade et al. 1986,
Rf2Imming & Raade 1986)
Hureaulite Mns(PO.h(P030H)zM4HzO
Scorodite FeAs0 4M2H zO
Bobierrite M9 3(PO.)z1l8H zO
Vivianite Fe3(PO.)zM8HzO
Erythrite C03(AsO.)z1l8H zOAnnabergite Ni 3(AsO.)z1l8H zO
Symplesite Fe3(AsO.)zM8HzO [Blystadlia, Rcelingen, see Kamphaug 1986]* Collinsite Ca zMg(PO.k2H zO Overntjern, Modum, Buskerud (Chopin et al. 2001)
Rhabdophane-(Ce) (Ce,La)PO.MHzO
Churchite-(Y) YPO.M2H zO* Wavellite AI 3(PO.h(OHh5H zO Knepphaughytta, Nannestad (Personal communicationfrom Tor Witsf211997. On a rock specimen found in a box at NGU, collected by P.
Ihlen). See Witsf21 (1998a)
Turquoise CuAls(PO.).(OH)sIl4H zO
Pharmacosiderite KFe.(AsO.h(OH)4M6-7HzO* Yukonite CaZFe3(AsO.).(OH)M12HzO (?) Koisvika, Bindalen (Raade 1993, Interne Notater,
171-173)
Torbemite Cu(UOzlz(P0 4)z1l10-12H zO* Pitticite amorphous t'!ydrous ferric arsenate-sulphate Koisvika, Bindalen (Raade 1993,
Interne Notater, 171-173) [doubtful species)
9. SILICATES
Phenakite BezSi04
Willemite ZnzSiO.
Forsterite Mg zSi0 4

80

Fayalite Fe2SiO,
Tephroite Mn2SiO,• Monticellite CaMgSiO, Seiland (personal communication from Jens Hysingjord 1989);
Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)
Pyrope Mg~12(SiO,hAlmandine Fe~b(SiO,hSpessartine Mn~b(SiO,hGrossular Ca~liSiO,hAndradite Ca3Fe2(SiO,hUvarovite Ca3Cr2(SiO,h• Schorlomite Ca3Ti2Fe2SiO'2 Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)• Kimzeyite Ca;Jlr2AbSiO,2 Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)• Hibschite Ca~liSiO,h-x(OH),x (x = 0.2-1.5) Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)• Katoite Ca~b(SiO,h.x(OH),x (x = 1.5-3) Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997) [Fluorinebearing hydrogarnets ("hydrograndites") were described from Blengsvatn, Bamble byVisser (1993)] ["Hydrogrossular" is registered by Neumann (1985)]
Zircon ZrSiO,
Thorite (Th,U)SiO,
Thorogummite Th(SiO,),_x(OH),x• Coffinite U(SiO,),_x(OH),x Biggejavri, Fir:mmark (Olerud 1988); Eretveit, Iveland (Frigstad
1999, Appendix; Hansen 2001)
Tombarthite-(Y) YH(SiO,), ..(OH),x•• Sphaerobertrandite Be3SiO,(OH)2 Tuften, Tvedalen (Pekov et al. 2003)
Euclase BeAISiO,(OH)Sillimanite Ab(SiO,)O
Andalusite AI 2(SiO,)0
Kyanite AI 2(SiO,)0
Staurolite (Fe,Mg,ZnhAI,(SiO,),O,(OH)Topaz AI2(SiO,)(F,OHh
Chondrodite (Mg,Fels(SiO,h(F,OH)2
Humite (Mg,Fe),(SiO,h(F,OHh
Clinohumite (Mg,Fel9(SiO,).(F,OHh
Chloritoid (Fe,Mg,MnhAI,Si 20 lO(OH),
Ottrelite (Mn,Fe,Mg)2AI,Si201O(OH),
Braunite Mn 2+Mn 3+6(SiO,)08
Lfmgbanite (Mn2+,Ca).(Mn3+,Fe3+)gSb(SiO,hO'6
Titanite CaTi(SiO,)O• Cerite-(Ce) CegFe(SiO,lB(Si030H)(OHh Lagmannsvik, Hamamy, Nordland (Raade,
Austrheim & S<ebll 1990, Interne Notater, 153-154) [Probably a separate species with
AI> Fe]Tornebohmite-Ce) (Ce,LahAI(SiO,h(OH)• Kuliokite-(y) (Y,Yb).AI(SiO,h(OHhFs Hilydalen, TIlrdal, Telemark (Raade et al. 1993)'Iimoriite-(Y) Y2(SiO,)(C03) 0vre Lappl<egret, Drag i Tysfjord (personal communicationfrom Stein RIlrvik 2007)
Britholite-(Y) (Ca,CehY3(SiO"PO,h(O,OH,F)
Britholite-(Ce) (Ca,CehCe3(SiO"PO,h(O,OH,F)
Tritomite-(Ce) (Ce,La,Y,Thls(Si,Bh(O,OH,F)13
Melanocerite-(Ce) (Ce,Cals(Si,BhO'2(OH,F)~nH20 (?)
Grandidierite (Mg,Fe)Ah(B03)(SiO,)02•• Ominelite (Fe,Mg)AI 3(B03)(SiO,)02 Almgjotheii, Rogaland (Huijsmans et al. 1982, Grew etal. 1998, Hiroi et al. 2001)
Dumortierite AI 6(AI,Mg)(B0 3)(SiO,h(0,OHh81• Magnesiodumortierite AI 4(AI,Mgh(Mg,Ti)(B0 3)(Si04h(O,OHh Bl2lylefossbru, Aust-Agder(Visser & Senior 1991, Chopin et al. 1995, Nijland et al. 1998)
Datolite CaB(Si04)(OH)
Homilite Ca2(Fe,Mg)B2(Si04h02
Gadolinite-(Y) Y2FeBe2(Si04h02
Gadolinite-(Ce) (Ce,La,Nd,Y)2FeBe2(Si04h02• Hingganite-(Y) (Y,Yb)2Be2(Si04h(OHh Tuften, Tvedalen (Haugen & Ellingsen 1991,
Larsen 1996)* Hingganite-(Yb) (Yb,YhBe2(Si04h(OHh Tangen, Kragerl2l (Kristiansen 1994, Kristiansen
1999)
Stillwellite-(Ce) (Ce,La,Ca)B(Si04)O
Cappelenite-(Y) Ba(Y,Ce)6B6(Si04h012F2** Hundholmenite-M (y,REE,Ca,Na)16(AI,Fe3+)CaxAsi~x(Si,As5+)
Si6B3(O,F)46 (x = 0.78)[See okanoganite-(Y) by Larsen 1990, Interne Notater, 161-162] [New mineral species,
IMA approved]
Uranophane Ca(U02MSi030Hh~5H20
Uranophane-beta Ca(U02MSi030Hh~5H20* Boltwoodite K(U02)(Si030H)~1.5H20 Hundholmen, Tysfjord (Eldjarn 1988), Storehaug,
Rygge, 0stfold (Raade & Scebl2l 1990, Interne Notater, 149).
Kasolite Pb(U02)Si04~H20* Werdingite (Mg,Fe2+hAI12(AI,Fe3+MB03MSb07h011 Almgjotheii, Rogaland (Grew et al.
1998b)* Akermanite Ca2MgSb07 Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)
Melilite (Ca,NaMAI,Mg)(Si,Alh07* Okayamalite Ca2B2Si07 Skarn from Arendal, Aust-Agder (Olmi et al. 2000, Giuli et al.
2000)
Barylite BaBe2Si207
Thortveitite (Sc,YhSi 20 7
* Keiviite-M (Y,YbhSi 20 7 Hl2lgetveit, Evje (this is the Y2Si 20 r beta phase in Neumann 1985;
see also Raade 1988, Inteme Notater, 139)
Ytlrialite-(Y) (Y,ThhSi 20 7
Keldyshite Na2.xHxZrSi207~nH20
Parakeldyshite Na2ZrSi207
Bertrandite Be4Si207(OH)2
Hemimorphite Zn4Si207(OH)2~H20
Ferro-axinite Ca2FeAI2BO(Si207MOH)
Manganaxinite Ca2MnAi2BO(Si207MOH) [Nord rum et al. 2005a, Nordrum et al. 2006]** Kristiansenite Ca2ScSn(Si207)(Si2060H) Heftetjern, Tl2lrdal, Telemark (Raade et al. 2002,
Ferraris et al. 2001, Ellingsen & Haugen 2002)
IIvaite CaFe 2+2Fe3+(Si207)O(OH)** Manganilvaite CaFe2+(Mn,Fe2+)Fe3+(Si207)O(OH) Konnerudkollen, Drammen (Larsen &Dahlgren 2002, Bonev et al. 2005)* Cuspidine CaS(Si207hF4 Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)
Lavenite (Na,CaMMn,Fe)(Zr,Ti)(Si207)(O,OH,FhJanhaugite (Na,Cah(Mn,Feh(Ti,NbMSb07MOH,F,O)4 [Gjerdingselva, Lunner, Oppland(Raade & Mladeck 1983, Annehed et al. 1985))
Hiortdahlite I (Ca,Nah(Zr,Ti)(Si 20 7)(O,FhW6hlerite Na2Ca~r(Nb,Ti)(Si207h03F* Baghdadite Ca~r(Si207)02 Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)
Mosandrite (D,Ca,Na,REEh(Ca,REEMTi,Zr)(Si207MH 20,OH,F,Ok-1.4H 20 [Formula:personal communication from M. Bellezza 2005]* Rinkite Uohnstrupite) (Ca,Ce)4Na(Na,CahTi(Si 20 7hF2(O,Fh [Identity of rinkite and82

johnstrupite: personal communication from M. Bellezza 2005]
Rosenbuschite (Ca,Nah(Zr,Ti)(Si 20,)OFG6tzenite Na2CasTi(Si20,MF,OH).
** Grenmarite (Zr,MnMZr,Ti)(Mn,Na)(Na,Ca).{Si 20,MO,F). Vesle ArrlJya, Langesundsfjord(Bellezza et al. 20004)
Perrierite-(Ce) (Ce,Ca,Th).{Mg,Fe)(Ti,Fe).{Si20,hOs
Chevkinite-(Ce) (Ca,Ce,Th).{Fe,Mg)(Ti,Fe).{Si20')20S
Kentrolite Pb2Mn2(Si20,)02* Tilleyite CaS(C03)2Si20, Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)
Rowlandite-(Y) FeY.(Si20,hF2 [First positive identifactions from Stetind and 0vre
Lapplregret, Tysfjord; personal communication from Tomas Husda12006]* Boralsilite AI ,6B6(Si 20,)030 Almgjotheii, Rogaland (Grew et al. 1998a, Kristiansen 2000b)
Clinozoisite Ca2AI3(SiO.)(Si20,)O(OH)
Epidote Ca2(Fe,Alh(SiO.)(Si20,)O(OH)
Piemontite Ca2(Mn3+,Fe)(AI,Mn3+h(SiO.)(ShO,)0(OH)2* Allanite-(Y) (Y,Ce,Cah(AI,Fe 3+,Fe +h(SiO.)(ShO,)0(OH) Hundholmen, Tysfjord (personalcommunication from Tomas Husdal 2006; analyzed by Callum Hetherington) [Probably
the same as "Iombaardite" listed by Neumann (1985)]
Allanite-(Ce) (Ce,Ca,Yh(AI,Fe 3+,Fe2+h(SiO.)(Si20,)0(OH)
Epidote-(Pb) (Pb,Ca,Srh(AI,Feh(SiO.)(Si 20,)0(OH) [Previous name hancockite discredited
2006]
Zoisite Ca2AI3(SiO.)(Si20,)O(OH)
Pumpellyite-(Mg) Ca2M~Ab(SiO.)(Si20,)(OHh~H20
Julgoldite-(Fe2+) Ca2Fe +(Fe 3+,AIh(SiO.)(Si 20, )(OHh~H20 [Brastad 1984]
Ganomalite Pb3(Ca,Mn)(SiO.)(Si 20,)
Vesuvianite Ca,gAl lO(Mg,Feh(SiO.),o(Si20,).(OH,F)1O [Eldjarn et al. 2005)* Vyuntspakhkite-M Y.A12(Si,AI)(SiO.h(Si20,)(O,OH). Stetind, Tysfjord (personalcommunication from Tomas Husda12006)
Thalenite-(Y) Y3Si 30,o(OH,F)
Kornerupine (O,Mg,Fe)(AI,Mg,Fel9(Si,AI,BJs(O,OH,Fh2
Catapleiite Na2ZrSi309~2H20 [Larsen 2001]
Nenadkevichite (Na,K,Ca)(Nb,Ti)Si 20 6(0,OH)M2H 20* Labuntsovite Na.K.(Ba,KMFe,Mg,Mn)'+xTis(Si.O'2).{O,OHk10H20 With dalyite fromDalsfjord, Sunnfjord (Robins et al. 1983) [Needs verification as to species; formula forlabuntsovite-Fe is shown here]* Gjerdingenite-Fe (K,Nah(Fe,Mn)[(Nb,Ti).{Si.O'2h(O,OH),]·6H 20 Gjerdingselva, Lunner,
Oppland (Raade et al. 2002b)* Gerdingenite-Mn (K,Nah(Mn,Fe)[(Nb,Ti).{Si.0 ,2MO,OH).l6H 20 Gjerdingselva, Lunner,
Oppland (Raade et al. 2004)
Kainosite-(Y) Ca2(Y,Ceh (C03)(Si.O'2)MH 20
Beryl BegAbSi 60 ,S* Bazzite Be3SC2Si60,s Heftetjern, Tf2lrdal, Telemark (Bergstf2l1 & Juve 1988, Juve & Bergstf2l1
1990, Demartin et al. 2000)
Cordierite Mg 2AI.Si sO ,SElbaite' Na(Li,.sAl,s)AI6(B03hSi60,6(OH).
* Liddicoatite Ca(Li,sAl"s)AI 6(B03hSi 60,s(OH,O). Sandnessjf2len, Nordland (Larsen et al.
1999, Nordrum et al. 2003c)
Dravite NaMggAI 6(B0 3hSi 60,s(OH).
Uvite (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe)gAl sMg(B03hSi60,s(OH,F).
Schorl NaFegAI6(B03hSi60,S(OH).
* Scawtite Ca,(C0 3)Si60,s'2H 20 Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)
Milarite KCa2AIBe2Si'2030~0.5H20

83

··Oftedalite K(Sc,Ca,Mnh(Be,AlhSi'2030 Heftetjem, Tl<lrdal, Telemark (Cooper et al. 2006,
Kristiansen 2005)
Osumilite (K,Na)(Fe,Mgh(AI,Feh(Si,AI)'2030
Armenite BaCa2A16Sig030112H20
Eudialyte Na'5Ca6Fe~r3Si(Si2S073)(O,OH,H20h(CI,OHh [Nomenclature of eudialyte-groupminerals, see Johnsen et al. (2004)]•• Ferrokentbrooksite Na'SCa6(Fe,Mn)~r3Nb(Si2s0nl(O,OH,H20h(CI,F,OHh
Sagasen,Ml<lrje, Porsgrunn (Larsen et al. 2005b), Skutesundskjrer, Langesundsfjord (Larsen etal. 2005c)•• Zirsilite-(Ce) (Na,Dl,iCe,NahCasMn~r3Nb(Si2S073)(OHh(C03)'H20
Sagasen, Ml<lrje,
Porsgrunn (Larsen et al. 2005b)
Enstatite Mg 2Si 20 6
Ferrosilite (Fe,MghSi 20 s
• Clinoenstatite Mg 2Si 20 6 In enstatite crystals from Bamble, Telemark (Schrader et al. 1986)
Pigeonite (Mg,Fe,Ca)(Mg,Fe)Sh06
Diopside CaMgSi 20 6
Hedenbergite CaFeSi 20 6
Augite (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,AI,Ti)(Si,Alh06
Johannsenite CaMnSi 20 6
Omphacite (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,AI)Si 20 62
3
Aegirine-augite (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe +,Fe +)Si 20 6 [Oslofeltets syenittpegmatitter: Larsen & Raade
1997]
Jadeite Na(AI,Fe)Si 20 6
Aegirine NaFeSi 20 6
Spodumene LiAISi 20 6
Lorenzenite Na2Ti 2(Si 20 6)03 [Larsen et al. 1992]
Astrophyllite (K,Nah(Fe,Mn)7Ti2Sis024(O,OH17
Kupletskite (K,Nah(Mn,Feh(Ti,NbhSi s0 24(O,OH17•• Hydroastrophyllite (H30,K,CahFe7(Ti,NbhSis024(O,OH,F17 Buer, Vestemya, Sandefjord(Berge & Andersen 2002)
Anthophyllite (Mg,Fe17Si s0 22(OHhGedrite (Mg, Fe)sAI 2(AI2Si 6)022(OHh• Sodicgedrite (sodium gedrite) Na(Mg,Fe)sAl(AI 2Si 60)22(OHh From the Norwegian coesiteeclogite province (Smith 1988)
Cummingtonite (Mg,Fe17Si s0 22(OHhGrunerite (Fe,Mg17Sis0 22 (OHhDannemorite Mn2(Fe,Mg)sSis022(OHh [the species name is manganogrunerite]
Tremolite Ca2(Mg,Fe)sSis022(OHhActinolite Ca2(Mg,Fe)sSis022(OHhHornblende Ca2Fe2+4(AI,Fe3+)(AISi7)022(OHh [the formula is that offerrohornblende]• Tschermakite Ca2(Mg.Fe)~12(AI2Si6)022(OHh Central islands of Boknfjord, Rogaland(MOiler & Strauss 1985) [the formula is that of aluminotschermakite]
Pargasite NaCa2(Mg, Fe ).AI(AI2Si6)022~OHh• Magnesiohastingsite NaCaiMg,Fe +)4Fe3+(AI2Si6)022(OHh Syenite pegmatites in the Oslo
Region (Larsen 1995, Larsen 1998b)
Hastingsite NaCa2(Fe2+,Mg)4Fe3+(AI,Si6)022(OHhEdenite NaCaiMg,FeJs(AISi7)02210Hh• Ferro-edenite NaCa2(Fe,Mg)s(AISi7)0,,(OHh Syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region(Larsen 1995, Larsen 1998b)
Kaersutite NaCa2(Mg,Fe)4Ti(AI,Si s)022(OHh·Oxy-kaersutite NaCa2(Mg,Fe).{Si,AI)B02202 Larvik alkaline complex (Satoh et al. 2004)• Winchite NaCa(Mg,Fe).AISiB0 22(OHh From the Norwegian coesite-eciogite province84•

(Smith 1988)
3• Barroisite NaCa(Mg,Fe)sAIFe +(AISi 7)022(OHj, Naustdal, Sogn og Fjordane (Binns 1967);
from the Norwegian coesite-eclogite province (Smith 1988)
3
2
Katophorite Na(Na, Ca )Fe +4(AI, Fe +)(Si 7AI)022(OHj,• Alumino-magnesiotaramite Na2Ca(Mg,Fe)sAI2(AI2Si6)022(OHj, Nybl2J, Nordfjord (Ungaretti
et al. 1981), Liset, Selje (Ungaretti et al. 1985, Smith et al. 1986) [magnesioaluminotaramite]• Aluminotaramite Na2Ca(Fe,Mg)sAI2(AI2Sis)022(OH)2 Liset, Selje (Ungaretti et al. 1985,
Smith et al. 1986) [ferro-aluminotaramite]
Glaucophane Na2~Mg,Fe)sAI2Sia022(OHj,
Riebeckite Na2(Fe +,MghFe3+2Sia02~OH)2• Eckermannite NaNa2(Mg,Fe)~ISia022(OHj, Dalsfjord, Sunnfjord (Robins et al. 1983)
Arfvedsonite NaNa2(Fe2+,Mg)4Fe3+Sia022(OH)2
Nyb6ite NaNa2MgsAh(AISi7)022(OHj, [Ungaretti et al. 1981, Oberti et al. 2003]• Jimthompsonite (Mg,Fe)sSi sO 'S(OH)2 Nordland (personal communication from Kurt
Bucher 1988)• Chesterite (Mg,Fe)17Si20054(OH)s Nordland (personal communication from Kurt Bucher
1988)• Tvedalite (Ca,Mn)4Be3Sis017(OH)4iJ3H20 Vevja, Tvedalen, Vestfold (Larsen et al. 1992a)
Bavenite Ca4Be2AI2Sig026(OHj,
Wollastonite CaSi0 3
Bustamite Ca3(Mn,Cah(Si309j,
Pectolite NaCa2Si30a(OH)·Serandite Na(Mn,Ca)2Si30a(OH) Vesle Amya, Langesundsfjord (Andersen et al. 1996)
2• Cascandite Ca(Sc,Fe +)Si 30 8(OH) Heftetjern, Tl2Jrdal, Telemark (Raade & Erambert 1999,
Kristiansen 2003)
Tobermorite - Cas(Si 30 80Hk2H 20
Jennite Cag(Si 30 aOHMOHla-6H 20 [This mineral, reported from Vallenasen near Porsgrunn(error for Sandefjord) by Neumann (1985) is actually tobermorite. Personalcommunication from A.O. Larsen 1997]• Hillebrandite Ca2Si03(OHj, Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)
Epididymite Na2Be2(SisO,S)'H20
Eudidymite Na2Be2(SisO,S)'H20
Elpidite Na2ZrSi60,s!13H20
Leucophanite NaCaBe(Si 20S)F
Aenigmatite Na2FeSTi(SisO ,8)02
Sapphirine (Mg,AIla(AI,Si)6020• Hegtuvaite (Ca,NaMFe2+,Fe3+,Ti,Mg,Mn,Snls(Si,Be,Al)sO,a02 Hl2Jgtuva, Mo i Rana,
Nordland (Grauch et al. 1994)
Narsarsukite Na4Ti2(Sia020)02• Caysichite-(y) Ca3REEY4Sia02o(C03ls(OH)!17H20 Lindvikskollen, Kragem (Kristiansen
1993)
Rhodonite CaMn4SisO,SBabingtonite Ca2(Fe2+,Mn)Fe3+SisO'4(OH)·Scandiobabingtonite Ca2(Fe2+,Mn)ScSi50,4(OH) Heftetjern, Tl2Jrdal, Telemark (Raade &Erambert 1999, Kristiansen 2003)
Hellandite-(Y) (Ca,Yls(AI,Fe)Si 4B40 20(OH)4
Tadzhikite-(Ce) Ca2(Ca,YMTi,Fe3+,AI)(Ce,Y,DMB4Si40,s(O,OH)s](OHj, [See Engvoldsen etal. 1991]
Inesite Ca2Mn7Si10028(OH)2!15H20
Hilairite Na~r2SisO,a!16H20 [See Engvoldsen et al. 1991]• Gaidonnayite Na~r2SisO,a!14H20 Siktesl2Jya, Langesundsfjord (Larsen & Raade 1991)

85

Pyroxferroite (Ca, Fe)(Fe,MnMSi 70 2,)
Pyroxmangite (Ca,Fe)(Mn, FeMSi 70 21 )Meliphanite NaCaBe(Si 20S)F
Chiavennite CaMnBe2SisOdOH12112H20
Prehnite Ca2AI2ShOlO(OH12
Fluorapophyllite KCa4Sis020(F,OH)1I8H20
Hydroxyapophyllite KCa4Sis020(OH,F)1I8H20
Dalyite K2ZrSi sO,SOkenite CalOSi,s0461J18H20
Pyrophyllite AI 2Si40,o(OH)2
Talc Mg 3Si 40 lO(OH12Paragonite NaAI 2(AISh)O,o(OH12Muscovite KAI2(AISh)OlO(OH,F12
2* Celadonite K(Mg,Fe +)(Fe3+,AI)Si 40 lO(OH12 Dalsfjord, Sunnfjord (Robins et al. 1983); Buer,
Bjl1lrkedalen (Andersen et al. 1996)
Glauconite (K,Na)(Fe,AI,Mgl2(Si,AI)40'0(OH12
Phlogopite KMg 3(AISi 3)O,0(F,OH)2
Biotite K(Mg,Fe2+h((AI,Fe3+)Sh)O,o(OH,F12* Annite KFe2+3AIShOlO(OH12 Syenite pegmatites in the Langesundsfjord district (Larsen
1998a) ["Iepidomelane"]
Lepidolite K(Li,AIh(Si,AI 4)OlO(F,OH)2
Polylithionite KLi2AISi 40 lO(F,OH12
Zinnwaldite KLiFeAI(AISi 3)O,o(F,OH12
Illite Ko.ssAI2.oDAIo.65Si3.3501O·nH20 [a series name]
Margarite CaAI 2(AI 2Si 2)OlO(OH12* Ephesite NaLiAb(AI2Si2)O,o(OH12 Saga, Ml1lrje, Porsgrunn, Telemark (Raade 1993, Interne
Notater, 167. First identified by Uwe Kolitsch)* Preiswerkite Na(AIMg 2)(AI 2Si 2)O,o(OH12 Liset, Selje (Smith et al. 1986); Blengsvatn,
Bamble, Telemark (Visser et al. 1999)
Montmorillonite (Na,Ca)03(AI,M912Si401O(OH)2I1nH20
Beidellite (Na,Cao.sf.sAI2(Si,AI)401O(OH12l1nH20
Nontronite NaO.3Fe +2(Si,AI)40,o(OH12l1nH20
Saponite (Cao.5,Nalo.3(Mg,Feh(Si,AI)401O(OH12l1nH20
Vermiculite (Mg,Fe,AIh(Si,AI)401O(OH12114H20
Cookeite LiAI 4(AISi 3)OlO(OH)sClinochlore (Mg,AIl6(Si,AI)401O(OH)s
Chamosite (Fe,AI,Mgl6(Si,AI)401O(OH)s* Gonyerite (Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+)SS40'O(OH)8 Sagasen, Ml1lrje, Porsgrunn (Nordrum & Garmo
2006, p. 58)* Kegelite Pb.A12Si4(S04)(C03l2(OH)401O Minge, Halden, lZlstfold (Raade 1993, Interne
Notater, 164-165)
Kaolinite AI2Si 20s(OH)4
Dickite AI 2Si 20s(OH)4
Halloysite AI2Si20s(OH)4112H20
Hisingerite Fe2Si20s(OH)4112H20
3* Neotocite (Mn +,Fe3+12Si 20S(OHknH20 (?) Sagasen and Saga I, Ml1lrje, Porsgrunn; Saga
Pearl quarry, Tvedalen (Larsen & Erambert 2005)
Chrysocolla (Cu,AI12H 2Si 20s(OH)4I1nH 20
Allophane amorphous hydrous aluminium silicate
Antigorite (Mg,FehSbOs(OH)4
Chrysotile Mg 3Si 20S(OH)4
Lizardite Mg 3Si 20S(OH)486

• Amesite Mg 2AI(SiAI)Os(OH). Liares, Modum, Buskerud (Raade 1986)• Cronstedtite Fe 2+2Fe3+(Fe3+Si)Os(OH). Rlllnningen, Eidanger (Andersen et al. 1996)[Needs verification]• Caryopilite (Mn,MghSi 20S(OH). Brandsnuten, Botnedal, Tokke, Telemark (Larsen 1988,
Interne Notater, 130)
• Bementite Mn7SiSO,s(OH)a Lom (personal communication from Torgeir T. Garmo 1986)
Determination by Dr. G. Gebhard)
Ferropyrosmalite (Fe,Mn)aSisO,s(OH,CI)1O
Palygorskite (Mg,AlhSi.01O(OH)~(4+4)H20
Sepiolite Mg.SisO'S(OHh~(4+8)H20
Gyrolite NaCa,s(AISi2310so(OH)alJ 15H20
Zeophyllite CadSis014h(F,OH)1O'6H20
Stilpnomelane K(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+Ja(Si,AI),202a(OHk2H20• Bannisterite KCa(Fe,Mn,Zn,Mgho(Si,AI)3207S(OH),s~4-12H20 Brandsnuten, Botnedal,
Tokke, Telemark (Larsen 1988, Interne Notater, 130)
* Leifite NasBe2AI2Si,S039(OH,Fk 1.5H20 Vesle Arlllya, Langesundsijord (Larsen & Asheim
1995) [The mineral from Vesle Amya is probably different from leifite sensu stricto(Sokolva et al. 2002)]
Nepheline (Na,K)AISiO.
* Kalsilite KAISi04 Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997)
Leucite KAISi 20 S
Orthoclase KAISb08
Sanidine (K,Na)AISi 30 8
Microcline KAISi 30 8
Anorthoclase (Na,K)AISi 30 8
Hyalophane (K,Ba)(AI,SihSi 20 8
Celsian BaAI2Si 20 8
Albite NaAISi30 8 (= Ab) Ano-,oAb'O<l-90
Oligoclase An,o-3oAb90-70 (Not a species name]
Andesine An30-soAb70-50 [Not a species name]
Labradorite An50-7oAb50-30 [Not a species name]
Bytownite An7o-goAb30-'O [Not a species name]Anorthite CaAI2Si20 8 (= An) An90-,ooAb,o-D* Lisetite Na2CaAI.Si.O,s Liset, Selje (Smith et al. 1986, Rossi et al. 1986)
Danburite CaB2Si 20 8
Cancrinite (Na,CaJa(C03,SO.h(AISiO.)s-2H20* Giuseppettite Na40K'SCa8(Si~I480192)CliSO'),"9H20 Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al.
1997)
Sodalite NagAlsSi a0 2.Cl 2
Nosean NagAlaSia02.(SO.)~H20
Lazurite (Na,Ca)gAlsSis0 2,S 2* Danalite Fe.Be3(SiO.hS Hlllgtuva, Nordland (Grauch et al. 1994)
Helvite Mn.Be3(SiO.hS
Genthelvile Zn.Be3(SiO.hS
Scapolite group [needs closer investigation as to species] [marialite is Na.A1 3Si g0 2.CI]
Natrolite Na2AbSi30,o~2H20
Gonnardite (Na,Ca)6-6(Si,Alho040'12H20 [Crystal structure determination on gonnardile from
Vevja, Tvedalen in Mazzi et al. (1986)) ["tetranatrolite" = gonnardile]
Mesolite Na2Ca2AlsSig030~8H20
Thomsonite NaCa2AlsSis020~6H20
Scolecile CaAbSi30,o~3H20
Analcime NaAISi20s~H20
87

Laumontite CaAI2Si40,21S4H 20• Phillipsite (Ca,Na,KMSi,AI)'S032'12H20 Flekkeren, Skrim (Jamtveit et al. 1997) [formula isthat of phillipsite-Ca]
Harmotome Ba2(CaO.5,Na)AlsSi,0032'12H20
Mordenite (Ca,Na2,K2)AI2Si10024t17H20
Epistilbite Ca,AlsSi,s048·16H20
Heulandite-Ca (Ca,Na,K)g(Si,Alhs072]-26H 20 [Larsen 2002, Nordrum et al. 2003b, Nordrum
et al. 2005b, Nordrum et al. 2006]
Heulandite-Sr (Sr,Ca,Na)g(Si,AI)36072]'nH20 [Nordrum et al. 2003b, Nordrum et al. 2005b]
Heulandite-K (K,Ca,Na,Sr)g(Si,AI)36072]'26H20 [Larsen 2002, Nordrum et al. 2003b,
Nordrum et al. 2005b, Nordrum et al. 2006]•• Heulandite-Ba (Ba,Ca,Sr)g(Si,AI)36072lnH20 Nordre Ravnas prospect, Vinoren near
Kongsberg, Flesberg, Buskerud (Larsen et al. 2005a) [Flere forekomster i Nordrum
2005]• Clinoptilolite (Na,K,Ca)s[(Si,AI)36072l-20H20 Arn0ya, Troms (Nordrum 2000) [formula isthat of clinoptilolite-Na]
Stilbite-Ca (Ca,Na)g(Si,AI)36072'28H20
Stellerite CaA12Si70,S1S7H20• Brewsterite-Sr (Sr,Ba,Ca)AI2SisO'SIS5H20 Heimsj0, Snasa (Larsen et al. 2003, Nordrum &Garmo 2006)• Brewsterite-Ba (Ba,Sr,Ca)AI2Si sO,st15H 20 Nordre Ravnas prospect, Vinoren near
Kongsberg, Flesberg, Buskerud (Larsen et al. 2003, Nordrum et al. 2003a) [X-ray
powder diffraction by G. Raade 1994]• Goosecreekite CaAI2SisO,S'5H20 Juwatn, Lom, Oppland (Raade & Berg 2002)
Gmelinite NasAlsSi,S048·21.5H20 [formula is that of gmelinite-Na]
Chabazite (Ca,KMSi,AI),2024·13H20 [formula is that of chabazite-Cal• Levyne (Ca,NaJe(Si,AI)'S036'17H20 Sn0het!a, Oppland (K.E. Larsen 2003) [formula is thatof levyne-Ca],
10. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS• Moolooite CU(C20 4)lSnH 20 (copper(lI)oxalate) Gjersvik, Nord-Tr0ndelag (in lichens)(Chisholm et al. 1987)• Hoelite C'4HS02 (anthraquinone) Mt. Pyramide, Spitsbergen (from a burning coal seam)(Oftedal 1922)

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